A TENNYSON DICTIONARY

Uniform With this Volume.

DICTIONARIES TO FAMOUS AUTHORS.

^Dickens. A. J. PHILIP.

^ Thackeray. I. G. MUDGE and M. E. SEARS.

Scott (Waverley Novels). M. F. A. HUSBAND.

Kipling. W. A. YOUNG.

•£ Thomas Hardy. F. SAXELBY.

Oscar Wilde. STUART MASON.

Zola (Rougon-Macquart Novels).

J. G. PATTERSON.

Medieval Romance and Romance Writers.

LEWIS SPENCE.

^faT

A TENNYSON DICTIONARY

THE CHARACTERS AND PLACE-NAMES CONTAINED

IN THE POETICAL AND DRAMATIC WORKS

OF THE POET, ALPHABETICALLY

ARRANGED AND DESCRIBED

WITH SYNOPSES OF THE POEMS AND PLAYS

ARTHUR E. BAKER, F.R.Hist.S., F.L.A.,

Author of

" A Brief Account of the Public Library Movement in

Taunton," "A Concordance to the Poetical

and Dramatic Works of Alfred, Lord

Tennyson," etc.

LONDON

GEORGE ROUTLEDGE & SONS, LTI> NEW YORK : E. P. DUTTON & CO

5520

BeMcatefc

To the Memory of

CLARA,

Who, after an illness borne with fortitude and patience, passed away on May 31st, 1914.

INTRODUCTORY NOTE

THE success which has attended the publication of my Tennyson Con- cor dance in 1912, has prompted me to undertake the compilation of this Dictionary.

The book is intended as a work of reference for all lovers of Tenny- son's works. Its principal function is to identify and describe the multitudinous characters, place-names, etc. — whether fictitious or historical — created or utilized by the Poet ; anything, therefore, in the nature of criticism is entirely outside its scope.

The two chief features claimed for this compilation are brevity and accuracy. The Synopses furnish a short explanatory account of the Poems and Plays, and the Dictionary proper a short description of the characters and place-names, together with the names of towns, rivers, horses, birds, flowers, etc. In all there are some 2,040 entries.

A list of the books consulted or quoted throughout the work is appended ; and for the valuable information obtained from them I take this opportunity of expressing my acknowledgments.

A. E. B.

Vll

SYNOPSES OF THE POEMS AND PLAYS

ACHILLES OVER THE TRENCH.

A rendering of the Iliad xviii. 202, recounting the help given to Achilles by Pallas and the, consequent rout of the Trojans.

ADELINE.

Five stanzas written to a certain ' spiritual Adeline ' to describe her charms.

AKBAR'S DREAM.

A supposed conversation in blank verse between Akbar, the great Mogul who ruled India from 1565 to 1605 A.D., and his intimate friend Abul Fazl. The poem is prefaced by a quotation from the writings of Abul Fazl. Akbar was one of the most tolerant rulers who ever lived. No creeds were condemned by him, and he invented a new religion which aimed at being a sort of epitome of the best in all beliefs. In this poem, he tells Abul Fazl that the cause of a temporary depression is the shadow cast by an evil dream. He then ex- pounds his theory of life and religion to Abul. His opinion is that God is in all creeds and that the one intolerable thing

T.D.

is intolerance. But now and then a doubt asserts itself — as when he is troubled by dreams such as the one that he has recently dreamed. In it, he thought he had built

4 a sacred fane,

A temple, neither Pagod,

Mosque, nor Church,' in which people of all creeds might worship, and in which might dwell

< Truth and Peace

And Love and Justice ' But while he and Abul stood looking at, and rejoicing in their work there was tumult, and in burst Akbar's well-loved son Saleem, and slew both his father and Abul. 'Death' however ' had ears and eyes,' and Akbar saw his son despoiling the fair building and ruining a life-work. After a time came some people from the west, * an alien race,' and again built up the law of toleration and equity, abolishing such monstrous prac- tices as suttee and child-mar- riage. The poem ends with a morning hymn to the

4 Timeless in the flame that measures Time ! '

ALEX]

ALEXANDER.

A Sonnet to Alexander, de- scribing him as

'Warrior of God, whose strong right arm debased The throne of Persia,5

ALL THINGS WILL DIE.

A lament that the inevitable end of all things, however beautiful and full of life, is death. Even the blue river, and the south winds will cease,

' And the old earth must die.5

AMPHION.

The supposed writer of this rather merry poem had been left a park by his father. The poem voices his regret that he was not born in the days when ' Old Amphion 5 sat down and sung, and * left a small plantation ; 5 In those days, Nature was

* So youthful and so flexile

You moved her at your

pleasure.5

and trees sprang up at the twanging of a fiddle. But * in such a brassy age 5 as the pre- sent, ' months of toil, And years of cultivation 5 are needed to make

* at the end of all A little garden blossom.5

ANCIENT SAGE.

An ancient sage gives a young man of fashion good advice in the form of a commentary on a despairing song which the latter had written. The youth

[AYL

is bidden to give up pleasure, and devote himself to temper- ance and good works.

AUDLEY COURT.

A short poem in blank verse. The writer and his friend ' Francis Hale, the farmer's son,5 are crowded out of the Bull and the Fleece Inns, and so are forced to picnic at Aud- ley Court. After they have eaten of home-made bread and pastry, they discuss politics, the king, and matters nearer home. Lastly, they end the picnic by entertaining one an- other with songs. Francis sings a song, the refrain of which is ' Let me live my life,5 while his friend's choice falls upon a mournful song of one Ellen Aubrey. After this the two friends return at nightfall to the quiet town

' beneath a moon, that, just In crescent, dimly rain'd about

the leaf Twilights of airy silver.5

The poem was suggested by Abbey Park at Torquay, and closes with a description of Tor- quay, as it was in Tennyson's youth, ' the loveliest sea-village in England.'

AYLMER'S FIELD.

A narrative poem in blank verse. The story is supposed to have been told to the writer by an old vicar of the place where the events narrated in the story took place. Sir Ayl- mer Aylmer was a typical

AYL]

[BAN

country squire. He lived in a magnificent house, and took great pride in his ancestry. The Aylmers had always been friendly with the vicars of the place — an office which was always held by the eldest son ol the Averill family, and so descended from father to son with great regularity. At the time the story opens, sir Aylmer and his wife had an only daugh- ter, just five years younger than Leolin Averill, the younger brother of Averill Averill, who was then vicar. Leolin and Edith Aylmer grew up to- gether, and as they grew older their childish comradeship changed to love. Sir Aylmer suspected nothing — indeed he deemed it impossible that an Averill should dream of linking himself with an Aylmer. One day, however, he overheard some conversation between his daughter and Leolin Averill which revealed the fact that they were indeed lovers. He and his wife rated their daugh- ter severely, and forbade Leolin to have anything more to do with her. Leolin, in a passion of grief and anger, sought his brother Averill and confided to him his intention of making a great name and returning to marry Edith. In accordance with this resolve he went to London and worked at the law, occasionally receiving letters, secretly sent, from Edith. But one day sir Aylmer intercepted

one of these letters and the correspondence was stopped. Edith, denied all intercourse with her lover, gradually pined and died. On the day of her death, Leolin was found stabbed by his own hand with a dagger Edith had given him. The elder Averill preached a savage indictment of the cruel parents from the text, * Behold your house is left unto you desolate.' The passionate sermon wrought such remorse in sir Aylmer and his wife that they, too, died. Aylmerston in Norfolk is said to be the scene of the poem.

BALLAD OF ORIANA.

Describes a soldier's woe, who after pledging his troth to the beautiful Oriana, went bravely into battle, only to see his betrothed, who was watch- ing him from the castle, pierced through the heart by an arrow.

BANDIT'S DEATH.

The bandit carries a woman to his cave after murdering her husband, Piero. She lives in hatred of the murderer, but her dislike is lessened by the arrival of a son. With the police on his track, the Bandit accidentally strangles the child as he utters a cry. He is sorry for his action, but the woman, her loathing revived, stabs him as he sleeps, and cutting off his head, puts it in a cloth, and carries it away with her.

BAT]

[BEG

BATTLE OF BRUNANBURH.

Describes the defeat and slaughter of the army of Anlaf and Constantius the traitor, by Athelstan and his brother Edmund.

BEAUTIFUL CITY.

A short description of Paris, ( the centre and crater of Euro- pean confusion.'

BECKET.

A play in blank verse in five acts preceded by a Prologue. Prologue. King Henry and Thomas Becket, chancellor of England, are seen at chess. Their talk is friendly, and the king proposes making Becket archbishop of Canter- bury, and gives him a chart showing the bower designed for his paramour Rosamund, together with instructions to convey her safely thither. Eleanor of Aquitaine plans with Sir Reginald Fitzurse to seize Rosamund, her rival. Act i. Becket finds the burden of archbishoprick and chan- cellorship too heavy to bear, and returns the Great Seal to the king, resolving hence- forth to stand for the Church even against Henry. He saves Rosamund from Fitz- urse and Eleanor, angers the king by refusing to give his seal to certain laws regarding the trial of clerics, and finally flees to France after having feasted beggars instead of

the angry nobles on the king's side.

Act ii. Rosamund, in her bower, pleads with Henry to be friends with Becket. Louis of France, Becket, and Henry meet at Montmirail. Becket refuses to crown the king's son. Henry goes away in a rage and Louis, hitherto friendly, turns Becket out of France, but soon repents his decision and invites Becket to stay.

Act iii. Henry and Rosamund talk in the bower. A new bower-maid discloses to Rosa- mund the fact — which has been kept secret from her — that Henry is mar- ried to Eleanor of Aquitaine. Eleanor and Fitzurse spy out the bower. Becket and Henry are reconciled in France and start for England.

Act iv. Geoffrey, child of Henry and Rosamund, leads Eleanor to his mother. Eleanor and Fitzurse oifer to murder Rosamund, but Becket intervenes in time, and saves her, and sends her to a convent.

Act v. Henry is tricked by Eleanor and her knights into great anger against Becket. Four knights rush off and murder the archbishop in Canterbury Cathedral, leaving Rosamund by the body.

BEGGAR MAID.

A fair beggar maid came

BLA

[BRO

barefooted before king Co- phetua, who so admired her beauty that he swore an oath that he would make her his queen.

BLACKBIRD, THE.

The writer, unlike his neigh- bours, welcomes the blackbird into his garden, but laments the fact that, in the spring, the bird's beautiful song is seldom heard, as he is too intent on feeding.

BOADICEA.

An ' experiment ' describing how queen Boadicea ' Girt by half the tribes of

Britain, near the colony

Camulodune, Yell'd and shriek'd between

her daughters o'er a wild

confederacy.'

Her speech is a wild denuncia- tion of the Roman tyrants of Britain and a fierce call to arms . In answer to her exhortation the people arose, and ' Ran the land with Roman

slaughter, . . .'

BREAK, BREAK, BREAK, ETC.

The writer, as he watches the sea ever breaking against the rocks, envies the fisher- man's boy and the sailor lad who are both happy, while he longs

' for the touch of a vanish'd

hand, And the sound of the voice that

is still ! '

The scene of the poem is

Clevedon Church, which over- looks the Bristol Channel.

BRIDESMAID, THE.

A sonnet describing how the bridesmaid, who shed tears at her sister's wedding, was com- forted by the assurance that she too, would make a happy bride.

BROOK, THE.

A poem in blank verse de- scribing the memories aroused in a certain Lawrence Aylmer by the sight of the brook he has known since childhood. Here he parted with a poet friend, and here too, he met with Katie Willows, whose father Philip he kept occupied with talk while Katie met her lover. But now ' Katie walks

By the long wash of Austra- lasian seas Far off, and holds her head to

other stars,

And breathes in April-autumns. All are gone.'

Just as this conclusion is reached, the old dreamer looks up and is astonished to find himself face to face with a girl so like the old Katie that he is startled and inquires her name. ' Katie Willows ' she says, and explains the seeming miracle by stating that she is the daughter of Katie Willows the first, but now returned from Australia. Through the poems runs the well-known lyric, beginning :

BUG]

[CHA

* I come from haunts of coot

and hern,

I make a sudden sally,' the supposed reply of the brook to the poet's question ' O babbling brook,' . . . ' Whence come you ? '

BUONAPARTE.

A patriotic sonnet to Napo- leon glorying in the way Britain ' The island queen who sways the floods and lands

From Ind to Ind,' 4 taught him lowlier moods ' at Trafalgar and in Egypt.

BY AN EVOLUTIONIST.

The soliloquy of a man who has reached old age with his ani- mal strength, and being largely decayed but

' the Man is quiet at last As he stands on the heights of his life with a glimpse of a height that is higher.'

CAPTAIN, THE.

A ' legend of the Navy ' in ballad metre. This short poem is the story of a sea captain who earned the hatred of his crew by his cruelty, and yet thought to

6 make the name

Of his vessel great in story.'

One day he sighted a ship of

France, and gave orders to

advance towards her and give

battle. The crew waited till

they were alongside and then

allowed the enemy to shoot

them down and destroy their

ship, thus revenging them-

selves on their cruel captain at the cost of their own lives.

CARESS'D OR CHIDDEN BY THE SLENDER HAND.

One of the early sonnets, describing how * Light Hope at Beauty's call

would perch and stand, And run thro' every change of sharp and flat.'

CHARACTER, A.

Five stanzas, half playful description of man who

'. canvass 'd human mysteries, And trod on silk, as if the winds Blew his own praises in his eyes/

CHARGE OF THE HEAVY BRIGADE AT BALACLAVA.

A stirring practical descrip- tion of ' that ride into the Rus- sian column.'

CHARGE OF THE LIGHT BRIGADE.

A graphic description of the famous charge of the Light Brigade at Balaclava, when, owing to an improperly given command, six hundred cavalry rode to almost certain death in a hopeless attempt to cap- ture the Russian guns.

CHARITY.

A woman, whose lover deserts her to marry an heiress, finds out what true charity is, when, after the husband has been killed in a railway accident, the young widow helps and tends her in her hour of need.

CHU]

[COL

CHURCH-WARDEN AND THE CURATE, THE.

An amusing poem in dialect in which a churchwarden, for- merly a Baptist, gives some useful advice to a young curate. It was suggested by a story told to the poet by the Rev. Canon Rawnsley. The story is thus :

' I returned to my father's parish, Halton Holgate, near Spilsby, in Lincolnshire, from my ordination, and found my father's churchwarden, G. R., upon the platform. He saw I had a white tie on, and he said cheerily, "Well, Mr. Rownsley, I can sea by that white thing round youre throat that they've gone and maade a parson on you ! "

4 "Well well," he added, ' God Omighty knows theer mun bea parsons as well as farmers, and you'd be a fool i* the crewyard along o' the beasts, I reckon, and I should mebbe bea as big a fool in the pulpit o' Sunday. Now, doant be stunt, I'm youre feyther's churchwarden, and I'm goain' to giv' you a bit o' my moind."

Rawnsley : Memories of the Tennysons.

CIRCUMSTANCE.

A single stanza tracing c two children in two neighbouring villages,' through their life to the second generation and end- ing with the reflection ' So runs the round of life from hour to hour.'

CITY CHILD, THE.

Two stanzas describing the ' city childs ' — * the dainty little maidens ' — desire for the plea- sures of the country.

CLARIBEL.

Two stanzas descriptive of the beautiful bower ' where Claribel low-lieth.'

CLEAR - HEADED FRIEND, WHOSE JOYFUL SCORN.

Three stanzas, addressed to a friend, who, the poet declares, ' will not live in vain ' and goes on to predict a glorious future for his evidently gifted friend.

COLUMBUS.

A speech put into the mouth of Columbus. He has dis- covered a new world and is now dying in chains for his pains. He is evidently speaking to a court noble come to visit him, He tells of all his struggles to convince people that the earth was a sphere, of the inward certainty, through all, that he was chosen of God to do his great work for Spain, and of his vow that whatever wealth he brought from the new world should be used in a Crusade, He bitterly resents his chains and the worthless men who have entered into the heritage of the land he discovered. Nevertheless, the poem ends on a fine note of patriotism : — ' Rack'd as I am with gout, and

wrench'd with pains, Gain'd in the service of His

Highness, yet

COMJ

8

[DAI

Am ready to sail forth on one

last voyage. And readier, if the King would

hear, to lead One last crusade against the

Saracen, And save the Holy Sepulchre

from thrall.'

COME NOT, WHEN I AM DEAD.

Two stanzas in which the poet exhorts his child not to come to weep over his grave but to * Pass on, weak heart, and leave

me where I lie : Go by, go by.'

CROSSING THE BAR.

The beautiful and last poem beginning ' Sunset and evening star,

And one clear call for me ! ' in which the poet compares his own death to the outgoing of a ship over the harbour bar into the open sea.

CUP, THE.

A tragedy in blank verse in

two acts.

Act i. Synorix, a Galatian ex- Tetrarch and a man with a reputation of loose life, re- turns to the temple of Artemis in Galatia in search of a priest- ess he had admired, now wife of Sinnatus, Tetrarch of Galatia. He meets Sinnatus while hunting, and calling himself Strato, goes in the evening to the Tetrarch's house as guest. There he tells Camma, Sinnatus' wife,

of his plan of leaguing with Rome for the sake of Galatia. He also tells her of his love and that it was he who earlier in the day had sent her a sacred cup. He bids her come to the temple in the morning, to plead with the Roman Antonius for the life of Sinnatus who has been plotting against Rome. The identity of Synorix is dis- covered, and Sinnatus drives him out. Camma meets Synorix at dawn. Sinnatus discovers them and is slain by Synorix.

Act ii. Camma has become a priestess in the temple of Artemis. Synorix has at- tained his ambition and is king of Galatia under Rome. He sends messengers implor- ing Camma to marry him. She consents, and awaits his coming in the temple. Dur- ing the marriage ceremony she fills the sacred cup he had given her with poisoned wine, and, after drinking herself, gives it to him to drain. He does so, and pre- sently sickens and dies. Camma dies shortly after, calling on the name of Sin- natus.

The theme of the tragedy is taken from Plutarch's Moralia.

DAISY, THE.

A memory, written at Edin- burgh, of what was apparently a honeymoon journey in Italy.

DAW]

[DBA

The writer — writing to his companion of the journey — recalls all the beautiful things they had seen together in Italy and how, as they were leaving the country, he plucked a daisy to give her — * It told of England then to me,

And now it tells of Italy.' Though he is now * ill and weary, alone and cold,' the daisy, in fancy, takes him once more to his love's side in Italy.

DAWN, THE.

A poem in five stanzas, pre- faced by a quotation from an Egyptian priest — * You are but children.' The poet expresses the view that the present is but the dawn of time —

< Red of the Dawn !

Is it turning a fainter red ? so

be it, but when shall we lay

The Ghost of the Brute that is

walking and haunting us

yet, and be free ? '

All time till present has been

but * red of the Dawn ' and now

it is but ' turning a fainter red.'

The Day, that is to see a better

race of men, is yet to come.

DAY-DREAM, THE.

A young man deeply in love with the Lady Flora, tells her his vision of the ancient legend of the Sleeping Beauty. He describes, in beautiful language, the Sleeping Palace and the Sleeping Beauty within it, who is awakened, after a hundred years, by a kiss from the Fairy Prince, who thus breaks the

spell and sets the palace buzzing with renewed life and activity. The Prince then rides off with the Princess, and both are happy in their love for one another.

The Moral, the young man says, is hard to find, but many people would find a meaning suited to their minds, and ' to hook it to some useful end ' would ' cramp its use.'

He goes on to reflect on the pleasantness of falling asleep for some time and waking up to find things bettered and fresh wonders to behold. He says that he would gladly slumber for a hundred years himself, if, at the end of that time he could awake the Lady Flora with a kiss.

DEAD PROPHET, THE.

A fierce attack upon those who make dead famous men into ' copy,' dissecting their lives with a keen eye under the pretence of reverence for the dead. The poem is the story of an imaginary ' dead pro- phet ' and the indignities heaped upon his body by the old hag 4 Reverence.'

DEATH OF (ENONE, THE.

The beautiful shepherd- prince, Paris, husband of the nymph CEnone, had been chosen by the gods to judge which of the three goddesses Here, Pallas or Aphrodite, was the most beautiful, and to award a golden apple to his choice. Aphrodite

DEA]

10

[DEF

promised him the beautiful Helen of Troy to wife if he would give her the apple. He did so, and deserted GEnone for Helen, thus causing great war and bloodshed. In this poem the poet tells the story of his return, sore wounded, to be cured of his mortal hurt by CEnone, who refuses pity to him who had no pity for her. Paris then falls dead, and is reverently cremated by the shepherds wTho had known him in his youth. At dawn, CEnone, who all night has been troubled by the vision of her husband's disfigured face, goes forth, and, finding a smouldering funeral pyre inquires for whom it has been built. On hearing whose body lies there, she casts herself upon the pyre and, remember- ing only her early happiness, dies with her husband.

DEATH OF THE DUKE OF CLARENCE AND AVONDALE.

An address to the mourners for the Duke of Clarence, who died just before his projected marriage to the princess May. Tennyson bids the mourners 6 mourn in hope ' for

6 after his brief range of blameless days, The toll of funeral in an Angel

ear

Sounds happier than the mer- riest marriage-bell.'

DEATH OF THE OLD YEAR, THE.

A lament for the old year —

here personified as an old man dying at the stroke of twelve, while the new year is spoken of as ' his son and heir,' who * blithe and bold ' 6 Comes up to take his own.'

DEDICATION, A.

A dedication of some writing given by the author to a very dear friend, exhorting him to

' take this and pray that he, Who wrote it, honouring your

sweet faith in him, May trust himself ; ' through all mistrust, and scorn and criticism.

DEDICATORY POEM TO THE PRINCESS ALICE.

A short dedication of the Defence of Lucknow to the dead princess Alice, daughter of queen Victoria. The poet makes the princess's known patriotism a pretext for dedi- cating

' this ballad of the deeds Of England, and her banner in

the East ? ' at her dead feet.

DEFENCE OF LUCKNOW.

A patriotic poem descriptive of the gallant defence of Luck- now by a ' handful of men ' written as though the writer had been one of the besieged army. At the end of every stanza is the triumphant refrain ' And ever upon our topmost roof the banner of England blew ! ' The poem describes in vivid

DEM]

II

[DES

language the horrors of the siege, the death of the Com- mander * Lawrence, the best of the brave,' and the un- bounded joy of the whole gar- rison at the appearance of a relieving force with Havelock and Outram in command.

Lucknow was one of the decisive sieges of the Indian Mutiny.

DEMETER AND PERSEPHONE.

A monologue spoken by Demeter the earth-goddess at the return of her daughter Persephone from the dark home of her husband, the monarch of Hades. Persephone, accord- ing to the Greek legend of the Spring, had been stolen away while playing in a field, and taken to be the bride of ' dark Aidoneus,' king of Hades. But so great was Demeter's sorrow for her child that she neglected to bless the land with increase. So Zeus decreed that for nine months in the year Persephone should live with her mother — the other three to be spent with her husband in the underworld. Demeter, however, is but ( ill- content,' and looks forward to the time when Persephone shall spend the whole year with her. The theme is taken from Ovid.

DE PROFUNDIS.

A poem in two parts, named respectively The Two Greetings and The Human Cry. The first part is subdivided, and con- tains a father's greeting, first,

to the physical being of his child, after the ' nine long months of antenatal gloom/ and secondly to the spiritual being of the child * half -lost In thine own shadow and this fleshly sign.' The Human Cry is a snorter poem in two stanzas. In it, the poet voices the adora- tion of man towards God — 4 We know we are nothing — but

Thou wilt help us to be. Hallowed be Thy name — Hallelujah ! '

DESERTED HOUSE.

A short poem in five stanzas, describing — in the simile of a deserted house — a dead body. It is called a house from which ' Life and Thought have gone away

'• • .

Leaving door and windows

wide : '

The last verse is an expression of the hope of immortality —

' Life and Thought Here no longer dwell ;

But in a city glorious — A great and distant city — have

bought

A mansion incorruptible.' Nevertheless the human longing also finds voice in the last line — * Would they could have stayed with us ! '

DESPAIR.

A man and his wife having lost faith in a God and hope of a life to come, and being miserable in this, resolve to end themselves by drowning. The

DIR]

12

[DRE

woman is drowned, but the man rescued by a minister of the sect he had abandoned.

DIRGE, A.

A poem in seven stanzas the refrain of which is ' Let them rave.' The dead need be troubled by no discordant voices — c God's great gift of speech

abused '

for the grave is quiet and only ' The balm-cricket carols clear In the green that folds thy

grave.'

DORA.

A narrative poem in blank verse, founded on a story in Miss Mitford's Our Village. In it, the poet tells the story of a man who brought up his brother's daughter with his own son. He had planned a mar- riage between them, and when the time was ripe he broached the subject to his son William, who refused to marry his cousin Dora, and left his father's house to marry a certain Mary Mor- rison. The indignant father forbad Dora to see or communi- cate with William or his wife or child. William died in poverty, leaving his widow and small son. Dora helped them by stealth, and at last persuaded Mary to let her have the child in the hope that her uncle's heart might be moved to com- passion. But after he had agreed to adopt the boy he sent Dora away in great anger.

Mary, however, refused to allow Dora to sacrifice herself for the sake of the boy, and they went together to ask for the child again. The father was so moved by his daughter-in-law's appeal and by the winsomeness of his grandson that he was reconciled to Dora and Mary —

4 So those four abode Within one house together ; '

DOUBT AND PRAYER.

A short prayer in which the poet prays God ' Steel me with patience ! soften

me with grief ! ' Through sorrow and even sin, the soul finds God, but the poet here prays that death may not come to him ' Till this embattled wall of

unbelief My prison, not my fortress,

fall away ! '

DREAMER, THE.

A certain man dreamed he heard the lament ' a voice of the Earth ' of one who said — ' To the wail of my winds, and

the moan of my waves, I whirl, and follow the Sun.' The dreamer thought he an- swered with a song, counselling the wailing voice to remember that —

' all's well that end's well, Whirl, and follow the Sun ! '

DREAM OF FAIR WOMEN, A.

The poet had been musing on Chaucer's Wild 1 'ales till he imagined himself living in the

DYI]

[ENG

past. This poem is an account of the dream that followed. The poet dreamed he was in a wood in which he met with many fair dead women — Helen of Troy, Cleopatra, Jephtha's daughter, and Fair Rosamond. They each told him of the joys and sorrows of their respect- ive lives, and he was at last awakened by Cleopatra's sharp scornful taunt of Rosamond for having so ' tamely died.' The dreamer closes the poem with the regret that he awak- ened before he had seen other fair women —

* her, who clasp'd in her last

trance

Her murder'd father's head,' or Joan of Arc, or Eleanor of Castile.

DYING SWAN, THE.

A description in two stanzas of the wonderful death-song of a swan. Tennyson appar- ently believed the popular say- ing that ' a swan only sings at its death.'

EAGLE, THE.

Six lines, descriptive of a view seen from a mountain top by an eagle.

EARLY SPRING.

A ' Spring Song ' in eight stanzas.

EDWARD GRAY.

A ballad, containing the story of Edward Gray who was beloved by Ellen Adair. He, however,

* Thought her proud, and fled

over the sea ; '

In his absence she pined and died. Edward Gray is un- touched by the lovableness of other women — his heart buried with Ellen Adair.

is

EDWIN MORRIS.

This poem is the story of a man who stayed for nine months by a lake. While here he made friends with ( Edwin Morris and Edward Bull the curate/ Also, he fell in love with a mil- lionaire's daughter, Letty HilL One evening he was found making love to Letty, and her relatives forbad him the place^ and married her

* to sixty thousand pounds r To lands in Kent and messuages

in York, And slight Sir Robert with his

watery smile And educated whisker.' They then brought a lawsuit against Letty's lover, and he left the place

* left Edwin, nor have seen Him since, nor heard of herr

nor cared to hear.'

ELEANORE.

A poem in eight stanzas written in praise of a ' Serene,, imperial Eleanore ! '

ENGLAND AND AMERICA IN 1782.

A short poem addressed to England personified as ' Strong mother of a Lion-line.' The writer bids England be proud

ENO]

of the American rebels who

* Retaught the lesson thou hadst

taught, And in thy spirit with thee

fought '

ENOCH ARDEN.

A long narrative in blank verse. In it, the poet tells the story of Enoch Arden. He and Philip Ray — the miller's son — lived in a seaside town and both loved Annie Lee. She flirted impartially with both, but at last Enoch won and married her, for 'Philip loved in silence.' Enoch was a sailor's orphan and pursued his father's trade. When two children had been born to him, Enoch's good fortune deserted him. He broke a limb in an accident and lost his job. As he lay recovering he was haunted by the thought of his wife and children starving because he was unable to work for them. Then came an offer from the captain of a China-going vessel to take Enoch as boatswain and he went, first selling his boat to provide money for Annie and bidding them all a sorrowful farewell. After his departure, the third and sickliest child was born, but scarcely lived a few weeks. Philip Ray, who had not seen Annie since Enoch left, thinking to be of comfort to her, asked her to let him educate the remaining boy and girl as Enoch would have wished. Annie consented and

14 [EPI

Philip became a second father to her children, though scruples kept him from seeing Annie often. But the years went by and Enoch did not return, and at last Philip convinced Annie that Enoch was dead, and they were married. A child was born, and they were very happy. Meanwhile Enoch was not dead, but prospering much. After he had made and lost a fortune, Enoch at last returned to his native town, eagerly anticipating seeing Annie again. He learned from a gossip called Miriam Lane of Annie's marriage with Philip. The news was too much for his already failing strength, and he died without making himself known to Annie, first giving Miriam Lane a curl of his son's hair, which Annie had given him — to give the boy's mother. ' And when they buried him the

little port Had seldom seen a costlier

funeral.'

EPIC, THE.

An introduction to the beauti- ful MOT te £ Arthur. On Christ- mas Eve four college friends sat about the fire and wine after the rest of the guests had departed. They talked of the decay of Christmas customs and of the Christian religion. One of their number, Everard Hall, was known at college as a toper and a poet of parts. His friends laughingly inquired of

EPI]

[FAR

him what he had done with an epic he had written about king Arthur. He replied that he had burnt it, deeming it of little interest. One of the young men had, however, res- cued the eleventh book from the flames and forthwith pro- duced it. The poet was then constrained to read the Morte £ Arthur.

EPILOGUE.

A short poem dedicating ' the Sleeping Beauty ' series of poems to a certain ' Lady Flora.'

EPITAPH ON CAXTON.

Written for the Caxton win- dow in St. Margaret's. The poet praises Caxton as a seer praying for ' Light more light,' but seeing only the glory and not the disadvantages of the spread of learning.

EPITAPH ON GENERAL GORDON.

Written for the cenotaph in Westminster Abbey. The poet addresses Gordon as ' Warrior of God,' whose bones lie in the far-away Soudan.

EPITAPH ON LORD STRAT- FORD DE REDCLIFFE.

Lines written in memory of this enthusiastic admirer of Tennyson and friend of Byron. FAITH.

Two ^tanzas encouraging men to )

'Doubt no longer that the Highest is the wisest and the best,'

FALCON, THE.

A play in blank verse in one scene. Count Federigo degli Alberighi has been in love with the Lady Giovanna since she was fifteen. He had gone to the war, thinking she cared nothing for him, and in his absence and believing him dead she had married another. She is now a widow with one son, and Federigo is living with his old nurse and foster-brother in poverty — having sold all his possessions to give gifts to Giovanna. To the consterna- tion of the inmates of Federigo's cottage, the lady appears one morning announcing that she will stay for breakfast. There is nothing in the larder, and Federigo reluctantly gives an or- der to kill his much loved falcon for the lady's entertainment. He is horrified — when the bird is dead — to learn that she had come to beg no other thing than the falcon for her son who is sick. All, however, ends well with a mutual declaration of love and a hopeful certainty of the boy's recovery. The theme of the story is taken from Boccaccio's Decamerone.

FAREWELL, A.

Four stanzas in which the poet bids farewell to a ' cold rivulet ' f for ever and ever.'

FAR-FAR-AWAY.

A song written for music with a refrain * far-far-away.'

FAT]

16

[FOR

FATIMA.

A woman's passionate love- song. She enumerates the de- lights of her love and her long- ing for her lover's coming and ends with a determination to * Die, dying clasp'd in his em- brace.'

FIRST QUARREL, THE.

A narrative poem, written in dialect in the first person. The narrator is a woman who tells the story of her life to a sympathetic friend. She is an Isle of Wight girl. When quite a young girl she was the sweet- heart of a boy of the same vil- lage. When the boy — Harry — began to grow up, a farmer relative sent for him and after saying good-bye to Nelly — the girl — he went to Dorset- shire to work on his kinsman's farm. While there, he got into trouble with another girl. But when he returned, he and Nelly were married and were very happy. Work, however, * was scant in the Isle,' and Harry crossed the Solent in search of employment. He wrote his wife saying he had got a six weeks' job and was coming back to kiss her good-bye on the following day. While she was tidying the house ready for his return, she came across a box containing a letter written to Harry by the other girl. This so angered her that she would have nothing to say to her husband when he came in and

refused to be mollified by his gentle assurances of love and trust, and the complete dead- ness of the past. After trying in vain to reassure her, Harry leaves her, and she refuses to say good-bye. He sends her a letter to say he had work in Jersey and is going by the boat that night — c and the boat went down that night.' So the first quarrel proved the last,

FLEET, THE.

Lines written in praise of the British Navy after a newspaper attack upon it.

FLIGHT, THE.

A girl rouses her sister on her wedding morning, and they fly together from a hateful mar- riage proposed by a mercenary father.

FLOWER, THE.

A ' fable ' of one who sowed a seed that, grown into a flower,, was dubbed a weed. It grew tall and beautiful, the seeds were in demand, it became easy to get and so again a weed,

FLOWER IN THE CRANNIED WALL.

A fragment, in which the

poet declares his conviction that

" if I could understand

What you (i.e. the flower) are,,

root and all, and all in all, I should know what God and

man is.'

FORESTERS, THE.

A play in blank verse in four

FOR]

[HAN

acts. The plot is adapted from the legends of Robin Hood and Maid Marian. It opens with the outlawry of Robin by Prince John, Regent for Richard I, and ends with the return of Richard and the marriage of Robin and Marian.

FORLORN.

A short poem in which a mother chides her daughter for contemplating a marriage of which she is unworthy.

FORM, THE, FORM, THE.

An early sonnet in which the frivolous soul of a * slight co- quette ' is described.

FRATER AVE ATQUE VALE.

Lines written in praise of Catullus — * tenderest of the Roman poets.' This poem was written while Tennyson was staying in Italy, and contains descriptions of lake scenery.

FREEDOM.

A political poem in which the poet gave expression to his conviction that innovations and reforms should be gradually introduced.

GARDENER'S DAUGHTER, THE.

An artist tells the story of his love for the gardener's daughter, and shows a picture of her in her youth. A narra- tive poem in blank verse.

GOD AND THE UNIVERSE.

Two stanzas in which the poet expresses his fear of God

and imagines God to reply re- assuringly.

GODIVA.

A poem in blank verse in which the poet tells the story of the sacrifice made by Lady Go diva on behalf of the people of her husband's city, Coventry.

GOLDEN YEAR, THE.

An account, in blank verse, of a poet who wrote some verses anticipating the return of the golden age. A friend of the poet declares 'That unto him who works,

and feels he works, This same grand year is ever at the doors.'

GOOSE, THE.

A short humorous poem. An old woman is given a goose — which lays golden eggs — by a stranger. After prospering, she grows tired of the clatter made by the goose and drives it out to the original owner.

GRANDMOTHER, THE.

A monologue in which an old woman who has outlived all her children recounts the chief events of her life to a grandchild. The poem was suggested in a letter from Ben- jamin Jowett giving the saying of an old lady, ' The spirits of my children always seem to hover about me.'

HANDS ALL ROUND.

A ' convivial lyric ' in which the poet calls for healths to be C

HAP]

18

[IDY

drank to England, her colonies and other friendly powers.

HAPPY.

The words of the wife of a leprous Crusader who has been formally separated from the community. The wife refuses to leave him, and swears that she will live and die at his side.

HAROLD.

A five-act play in blank verse. The plot is concerned with incidents happening between Harold's — then earl of Wessex — first setting out for Normandy, where he was to swear the rash oath to help William of Nor- mandy to the English throne, and the defeat of the English and death of Harold at the battle of Senlac, 1066.

HELEN'S TOWER.

Lines written at the request of Lord DufTerin for the Tower built in memory of Helen, mother of Lord Dufferin. The poet expresses in these lines his conviction that were the ' granite girth ' of the Tower as strong as the love between mother and son which caused it to be built, it would endure ' Doomsday fire.'

HENDECASYLLABICS.

An experiment in ' a metre of Catullus ' addressed to c you chorus of indolent reviewers,' and humorously conveying the poet's request and critics to be lenient to the new metre.

HIGHER PANTHEISM, THE.

A short poem expressing the poet's belief in the ' Immanence of God in the Universe.' The poem contains the beautiful and well-known couplet ' Speak to Him thou for He

hears, and Spirit with Spirit

can meet — Closer is He than breathing,

nearer than hands and feet.'

IDYLLS OF THE KING.

An epic series of poems

founded on Malory's Mortt

d'Arthur.

Dedication. To Queen Vic- toria in memory of Albert, Prince Consort.

Coming of Arthur. The com- ing of Arthur to his kingdom, his royal parentage is proved, he marries Guinevere, daugh- ter of king Leodogran, and founds his knighthood of the Round Table. He rids the land of wild beasts and ma- rauders.

Gareth and Lynette. Of how Gareth son of Lot and Belli- cent obtained his mother's consent to serve as kitchen- boy at Camelot before he should discover himself to Arthur and ask for knight- hood. Of how Arthur dis- covered the Prince in the kitchen-boy and sent him to rescue Lyonors, sister of Lyn- ette, from the Castle Perilous, guarded by four warriors. Of his success in the quest.

Marriage of Geraint. Of how

IDY]

queen Guinevere was in- sulted by a dwarf riding with a knight and lady. Of how sir Geraint followed them to avenge the Queen. Of how he came to the town where they dwelt and chanced to lodge with an old man iiv the power of the stranger- knight. Of how Geraint loved Enid, the daughter of his poverty-stricken host. Of how he overcame the stranger-knight in the lists. Of how Geraint and Enid rode back together to Arthur's court, and there were married. Geraint and Enid. Of how Geraint took Enid his wife to his own land in Devon. Of how for love of her he neglected knightly adventure. Of how she wept for it. Of how he misunderstood her sorrow, and grew jealous thinking she loved another. Of how they set forth on horseback, Enid in front and not beside him. Of how Geraint fought many men by the way and overcame them all. Of how they came

19 [IDY

having been dubbed knight before, remained at court. Of . how he obtained leave to wear the Queen's crown upon his shield. Of how sir Balin presently rode away

. to seek adventure and came to the castle of king Pelles. Of how one sir Garlon spoke evil of the Queen and Lance- lot. Of how sir Balin struck him in his anger and fled the castle. Of how he rested in the forest and hung his shield upon a tree, deeming himself unworthy of the Queen's token. Of how a damsel came and also spoke evil of the Queen. Of how sir Balan chanced to pass. Of~~| how sir Balin, being beside himself, fought his brother. Of how they were both slain and afterwards buried by the Lady of the Lake.

Merlin and Vivien. Of how Vivien came from the base king Mark to spy on Lancelot and Guinevere. Of how she whispered slanders in Arthur's .court. Of how she sought

•' to gain from Merlin the

to Arthur's court. Of how^J^secret of a spell. Of how she all misunderstanding was re- ££ followed him to Broceliande, moved. Of how they re- '*$ and, having gained the secret turned to Devon to live longc^ yK>f the enchantment, used and happy: :- it upon the great wizard him-

Balin and Balan. Of how Balin self and left him

and Balan, brothers, were brought by the King to his court. Of how Balan was dubbed knight, and sent on

a quest, and of how Balin,

as one dead.

Lancelot and J)laine. Of how sir Lancelot stayed at the castle of Astolat and of how Elaine, trie^rMicl of Astolat, loved him not knowing who

IDY]

he was. Of how he wore her favour in a tourney. Of how he was wounded, and of how Elaine tended him in sickness. Of how he recovered and rode away with no word of love, being pledged to the Queen. Of how Elaine sickened and died of her love, and of how her body was placed in a boat and rowed to Camelot by an old deaf servant.

Holy Grail. Of how the sister of sir Percivale saw a vision of the Holy Grail. Of how she made a girdle of her hair for Galahad. Of how many of the Round Table swore to find the Grail. Of how they set forth from Camelot. Of how Galahad and Percivale set forth together. Of their adventures and temptations. Of how sir Galahad was the sole knight worthy to behold the Grail. Of the unsuc- cessful return of other knights to Camelot. Of the King's welcome and of how some did not return.

Pelleas and Ettarre. Of the young knight sir Pelleas and of how he overcame in the jousts and gained the victor's circlet for the lady Ettarre. Of how she shut herself in her castle and scorned her champion. Of how he was brought a prisoner to her by her knights. Of how sir Gawain undertook to plead the cause of sir Pelleas with the lady Ettarre. Of how she was

20 [IDY

false with Gawain. Of how Sir Pelleas grew distraught and fought unwittingly with sir Lancelot and accused him of shame with Guinevere. Of how sir Pelleas went out and was no more seen.

Last Tournament. Of the ruby carcanet that Guinevere gave to the king as a tourney prize. Of the tourney and of how sir Tristram won the rubies. Of how he refused to give them to any lady of the court but kept them for Isolt, the Queen of the Cor- nish king Mark. Of Da- gonet the king's fool and of his talk with Tristram. Of Tristram's coming to Tin- tagil and Isolt. Of Isolt's jealousy of Tristram's wife — Isolt of Brittany. Of how king Mark slew Tristram as he clasped the ruby carcanet about the throat of Isolt the Queen.

Guinevere. Of Lancelot's re- solution to leave Guinevere. Of their last meeting and of its discovery by Modred. Of the flight of Lancelot to his castle and of the queen to a nunnery at Almesbury. Of the war of the king with Lancelot and of the treachery of Modred. Of the visit of the king to the queen at Almesbury, of his forgiveness and her repentance. Of how the king went out to his last battle, and of how Guinevere made atonement by a life

IF]

21

[JUN

of penitence and piety in the nunnery. ^j^^^'C^U^ *> passing o* A^Br._Of the battle with the heathen hosts of Modred. Of how the knights of the Round Table perished in the fight. Of how the king was wounded and of how he sent sir Bedi- vere to throw Excalibur into the lake, from whence it had come. Of how sir Bedivere at first would not and lied to the king, but at last yielded and flung Excalibur into the lake. Of how Arthur was carried to the water and of how he did not die but passed from sir Bedivere in a funeral barge in which were three queens.

IF I WERE LOVED, AS I DESIRE TO BE.

An early sonnet in which the poet declares that, with love at his desire, he would fear nothing in heaven or earth.

IN MEMORIAM, A. H. H.

A long poem in a unique metre written to the memory of the poet's greatest friend, Arthur Henry Hallam, who died at Vienna. The body was brought back to be buried at Clevedon — the home of the Hallams. The poem contains Tennyson's expressed thoughts on Life and Death and God and Man, as well as his pas- sionate grief and love for Arthur Henry Hallam.

IN MEMORIAM, WILLIAM GEORGE WARD.

Six lines beginning — c Farewell, whose living like I shall not find,'

IN THE CHILDREN'S HOSPITAL.

A nurse's description of the illness and eventual death under an operation of a little girl in a children's hospital.

IN THE GARDEN AT SWAINS- TON.

A lament for three dead friends, memories of whom are revived by the garden where they had walked with the poet.

IN THE VALLEY OF CAUTER- ETZ.

The poet's memories of a dead friend who had formerly been with him at Cauteretz.

ISABEL.

Three stanzas in praise of Isabel — a pattern of purity and holy calm.

ISLET, THE.

A woman urges her lover to go with her to a beautiful island he has described for her. He refuses because

' a worm is there in the lonely

wood, That pierces the liver and

blackens the blood ; And makes it a sorrow to be.'

JUNE BRACKEN AND HEA- THER.

Nine lines, dedicating a book to a friend who has

KAP]

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[LIT

' a faith as clear as the heights

of the June-blue heaven, And a fancy as summer-new As the green of the bracken amid

the gloom of the heather.'

KAPIOLANI.

Six stanzas in praise of Kapio- lani, chieftainess of the Sand- wich Isles, who defied the priesthood of the Island god- dess, Peele, and so won the people to Christianity.

KATE.

Two stanzas in which is de- scribed a lady who bears strong resemblance to Shakespeare's Kate — the Shrew.

KRAKEN, THE.

A sonnet describing some sort of horrible sea monster called the Kraken.

LADY CLARA VERB DE VERB.

Nine stanzas addressed by a poet to a certain nobly-born but haughty lady. He assures her that ' Kind hearts are more than

coronets,

And simple faith than Nor- man blood.'

LADY CLARE.

A narrative poem. Lady Clare discovers on the eve of her marriage that she is not lady Clare, and that the real owner of her lands and wealth is her husband-to-be. She hastens to tell him the truth. He appreciates her honesty but declares that he will marry her

and that she shall ' still be Lady Clare.'

LADY OF SHALOTT, THE.

The story of a mysterious lady who viewed the outer world solely through the medi- um of a mirror, because a curse would fall upon her if she ever looked through the window. She fell in love with the reflection of sir Lancelot as he passed towards Camelot, and, risking the curse, allowed a boat to carry her down stream in the same direction. She presently arrived at Camelot — a corpse. An Italian romance upon the Donna di Scalotta is said to have suggested this poem. — Palgrave's Lyric Poems of Tennyson.

LEONINE ELEGIACS.

In praise of ' sweet Rosalind.'

LETTERS, THE.

Six stanzas in which the poet tells the story of a man and woman, formerly affianced, separated by slanders. The woman returns his letters, but he replies with such a burst of invective against her whole sex, that he frightens her into a reconciliation that ends in marriage.

LILIAN.

Four stanzas in which the poet praises ' Airy, fairy Lilian.'

LITERARY SQUABBLES.

A short lament that such things as petty strife between literary men should exist.

LOG]

[LUC

LOCKSLEY HALL.

The soliloquy of a rejected lover. He recounts the inci- dents of his courtship, the ambitions of his youth, and the plans he has formed to induce forgetfulness of his unhappy love. These are rejected, and he leaves Locksley Hall — the scene of his courtship — with a noble resolution to live his life worthily.

LOCKSLEY HALL SIXTY YEARS AFTER.

A sequel to Locksley Hall. The young lover has now be- come an old man and the changes wrought by age are emphasized by the poet.

LORD OF BURLEIGH.

The story of the marriage of a village girl with the Lord of Burleigh and of her subsequent death from the effects of

f the burthen of an honour Unto which she was not born.'

LOTOS-EATERS, THE.

Some mariners find an en- chanted isle ' In which it seemed always afternoon.' Bewitched by the magic lotos plant, they grow weary of wandering and declare that they * will no longer roam.' The poem is founded on Odyssey ix. 82 seq.

LOVE AND DEATH.

A few lines in which the poet recounts the meeting of Love and Death and the former's declaration — * — I shall reign for ever over all.'

LOVE AND DUTY.

A blank verse poem. Two lovers, parted by their sense of duty, contemplate a lonely future with a faint hope of love's fulfilment in some future age.

LOVER'S TALE, THE

Argument. Julian, whose cousin and foster-sister Camilla, has been wedded to his friend and rival Lionel, endeavours to relate the story of his own love for her and the strange sequel. He speaks of having been haunted by a vision and the sound of bells tolling for a funeral, and at last ringing for a marriage ; but he breaks away overcome, as he approaches the event, and a witness to it completes the tale in the Golden Supper. Eleven months after her marriage to Lionel, Camilla, supposedly dead, is borne to the vault. Julian, going for a last farewell to his cousin, finds her alive. After some time has passed he gives a great feast, at which he contrives the meeting of Lionel and the wife he had thought dead.

LOVE THOU THY LAND.

An exhortation in the metre of In Memoriam to a wise love of England.

LUCRETIUS.

Lucilla, wife of Lucretius, dissatisfied with her husband's attitude towards herself, bought a love-philtre and mingled it with his drink. It, however,

MAD]

clouded his brain with insane fancies, and in a fit of madness he committed suicide, to the despair of his repentant wife.

MADELINE.

Three stanzas in praise of * Ever varying Madeline.'

MAKING OF MAN, THE.

Two stanzas in which the poet expresses a belief in the — as yet incompleted — evolution of man.

MARGARET.

Five stanzas in praise of ' Sweet pale Margaret.'

MARIANA.

A poem in which the forlorn state of Mariana in waiting for her faithless lover is described. The character and circum- stance are taken from Shake- speare's Measure for Measure.

MARIANA IN THE SOUTH.

Another description of the sad betrothed of the faithless Angelo in Measure for Measure.

MAUD : A MONODRAMA.

A morbid man grows to love Maud the playmate of his youth. She, too, loves him. But he quarrels with her brother, she dies and he goes away. After her death, he is ill and for a time loses his rea- son, and fancies himself dead. He at length comes to a better frame of mind and finds con- solation in fighting for his country. Part of the poem — the verses beginning * Come

24 [MER

into the garden, Maud ' — has been set to music and is well- known as a song.

MAY QUEEN, THE.

A poem in three parts. In the first a young girl requests her mother to call her early in the morning of may-day for she is to be may-queen. In the second part — called New Year's Eve — the former may- queen supposes herself to be dying, and bids farewell to her mother with many regrets for the happy life she leaves. In the Conclusion, however, she is still alive though it is spring time again. She thinks that her death really is near and de- clares herself glad to go where * — the wicked cease from

troubling, and the weary

are at rest.'

MECHANOPHILUS.

A short poem written in the time of the first railways. The poet marvels at present inven- tion and anticipates great things to come.

MERLIN AND THE GLEAM.

Merlin speaks, though all his life he has had for guidance the gleam — a lodestar revealed to him by the great magician and prophet who has taught him his Art.

MERMAID, THE.

Three stanzas, descriptive of an imaginary mermaid loved by many mermen and married by a sea-king.

MER]

MERMAN, THE.

The poet's idea, expressed in a poem of three stanzas, of the merry life of a merman under the sea.

MILLER'S DAUGHTER, THE.

A man happily married to a miller's daughter goes through his former life in retrospect with his wife — now growing old with him. He says that his life has been so happy that ' Would God renew me from

my birth I'd almost live my life again.'

MILTON.

An experiment in Alcaics. The poet praises Milton in glowing words.

MINE BE THE STRENGTH OF SPIRIT.

A sonnet expressing the poet's desire for a spiritual strength corresponding with the tre- mendous strength of a river in the physical world.

MINNIE AND WINNIE.

A ' child-song ' beginning — ' Minnie and Winnie Slept in a shell.' and ending with — ' Wake, little ladies, The sun is aloft ! '

MONTENEGRO.

A sonnet to Montenegro, which is thus addressed — ' O , smallest among peoples ! rough rock-throne Of Freedom ! '

S [NOR

MORTE D' ARTHUR.

A beautiful description in blank verse of the mysterious passing and last words of the British hero-king.

MOVE EASTWARD, HAPPY EARTH.

A fragment in which the poet exhorts the earth to move eastward more quickly in order that his wedding day may come the sooner.

MY LIFE IS FULL OF WEARY DAYS.

A dying man bids farewell to his friend and leaves the last request — ' Come only, when the days are

still,

And at my headstone whis- per low,

And tell me if the woodbines blow.'

NORTHERN COBBLER.

A dialect poem in which the Northern Cobbler tells a friend the story of how he cured him- self of drunkenness.

NORTHERN FARMER, OLD STYLE.

A poem in dialect. A north- ern farmer [who is failing, has been visited by doctor and parson and is equally scornful cf both. He reviews his life and decides to disregard the doctor and take his beer as usual. The poem was suggested by a story told to the poet by his great- uncle of a Lincolnshire farm-

NOR]

bailiff, who on his death-bed said : ' God A'mighty little knows what He's aboot, a-takin' me, an' 'Squire '11 be so mad an' all!'

NORTHERN FARMER, NEW STYLE.

A dialect poem in which a more modern northern farmer gives his son advice as to marriage —

' Doant thou marry for munny, but go a wheer munny is ! ' The poem was suggested by the remark of a rich neighbour, ' When I canters my 'erse along the ramper I 'ears proputty, proputty, proputty.9

NOTHING WILL DIE.

One of the poet's earlier efforts in which he declares that though the world may change yet nothing will die.

OAK, THE.

Three short stanzas in which the poet exhorts his readers to imitate in their own lives the stages in the life of an oak tree.

ODE ON THE DEATH OF THE DUKE OF WELLINGTON.

A beautiful funeral ode, on the death of the great duke. The poet expresses an ' Em- pire's lamentation,' recounts the great deeds and fine qualities of the duke and ends with the prayer

6 God accept him, Christ receive him.'

26 [OF

ODE SUNG AT THE OPENING OF THE INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION.

An Ode written for the open- ing of the Exhibition. The poet regrets that the Prince Consort — upon whose sugges- tion the Exhibition was founded — had succumbed to an attack of typhoid fever, and fore- shadows the time when the ' arts of peace ' shall have entirely superseded for all time the ' works of war.'

ODE TO MEMORY.

An invocation to Memory which the poet personifies as a friend with whom —

' to live alone Were how much better than to

own A crown, a sceptre, and a

throne ! '

(ENONE.

The very beautiful lament of the nymph CEnone, deserted by her lover, the shepherd- prince, Paris. She relates the story of the Three Goddesses and Paris's judgment in favour of Aphrodite and of the conse- quent love of Paris for Helen of Troy. CEnone ends her tragic story with the declaration ' That, wheresoe'er I am by

night and day, All earth and air seem only

burning fire.'

OF OLD SAT FREEDOM ON THE HEIGHTS.

A five stanza poem in which

ON]

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[POE

Freedom is described, personi- fied as ' Grave mother of majestic works.'

ON A MOURNER.

A poem in seven stanzas in which the poet describes the ways in which Religion and Nature combine to console a mourner.

ON ONE WHO AFFECTED AN EFFEMINATE MANNER.

Four lines, the gist of which seems to be — ( man woman is not woman man.'

ON THE JUBILEE OF QUEEN VICTORIA.

Eleven stanzas in which the poet recounts the glories of the Queen and of her reign, and ends with a forecast of a happy future m

ON TRANSLATIONS OF HOMER.

An experiment in Hexameter s and Pentameters .

OPENING OF THE INDIAN AND COLONIAL EXHIBITION BY THE QUEEN.

Lines written by the poet, as Laureate, for the royal opening of the above Exhibition.

OWD ROA.

An old native of the North of England tells his son — in dialect — the story of the way in which c old Rover ' saved his (the son's) life in a fire. The grate- ful father declares that his in- tention is ' to maake 'is owd aage as 'appy ' as he possibly can. ' Owd Roa ' is the north- ern version for Old Rover.

The poem is the poet's version of a report that he had read in a newspaper about a black re- triever which saved a child from a burning house.

OWL, THE

A song in two stanzas ad- dressed to a white owl who * in the belfry sits.'

PALACE OF ART, THE

4 A sort of allegory ' in which the poet tells the story of a gifted soul who had a passion for Beauty que beauty — c Art for Art's sake.' She dwells for some time secure in a palace of perfect beauty but is at length cast out to bemoan her error in exclud- ing Love from her scheme of life.

PARNASSUS.

A description in three stanzas of the Mountain of the Gods. The poem is prefaced by a quotation from Horace.

PLAY, THE

A quatrain descriptive of the gradual unwinding of the plot of a drama.

POET, THE

A short poem setting forth the mission of a Poet.

POET'S MIND, THE

Two stanzas, beginning —

1 Vex not thou the poet's mind

With thy shallow wit :

The poet goes on to describe the nature of a poet's mind and warns off all alien spirits from what he declares is ' holy ground.'

POE]

28

[PRO

POET'S SONG, THE

Two stanzas in which the effect of the song of a poet on birds and beasts is described.

POETS AND CRITICS.

An exhortation to poets bid- ding them disregard critics and ' Hold thine own, and work thy

will ! ' In two stanzas.

POETS AND THEIR BIBLIO- GRAPHIES.

Tennyson congratulates the ancient poets that they lived ' Before the Love of Letters,

overdone, Had swampt the sacred poets

with themselves.'

POLAND.

An early sonnet expressing a passionate sympathy with the woes of Poland.

POLITICS.

A short poem of a single stanza addressed to

' — you that drive, and know

your Craft,' i.e., politicians, exhorting them

not to be swayed by the cries

of the multitude.

PREFATORY POEM TO MY BROTHER'S SONNETS.

A poem written as a preface to the dead poet's dead brother's sonnets. It contains tender memories of the dead and earnest hopes that the living poet may follow the example of the dead one.

PREFATORY SONNET TO THE 6 NINETEENTH CENTURY.'

A sonnet as described in the title.

PRINCESS, THE: A MEDLEY.

A story in blank verse — inter- spersed with lyrics of great beauty — of a certain princess Ida * proxy wedded ' in infancy to a neighbouring prince. The princess however, on attaining marriageable age, elects to found a college for women from which men are rigidly excluded. To this house of learning the prince and his two friends gain access disguised as girls, would- be students. After many amusing adventures, the sex of the three friends is dis- covered and the prince woos and weds Ida after all.

PROGRESS OF SPRING.

A poem in nine stanzas de- scribing the gradual coming of Spring to its full perfection.

PROLOGUE TO GENERAL HAMLEY.

Lines addressed to Sir Ed- ward Hamley as a prologue to The Charge of the Heavy Brigade at Balaclava. The short poem is descriptive of the visit of General Hamley to Aldworth and the fine autumnal view from that place.

PROMISE OF MAY, THE

A play described as a ' Village Tragedy.' The hero — a selfish libertine — among other wicked- nesses, seduces and then deserts

QUE]

29

[RIZ

a village girl. After many years he returns to the scene of his crime, determined to make reparation by marrying the surviving elder sister, and rescue her old father from ruin. But the girl whom he had be- trayed long ago appears, and with her dying forgiveness, awakes in her seducer a true repentance, such as he had not felt before. The magnanimity of the father completes his moral salvation, and he quits the scene to make expiation by lifelong contrition.

QUEEN MARY.

A five-act play in blank verse, setting forth the tragedy of the reign of Mary Tudor, of her bigoted Roman Catholicism, of her piteous childless marriage with Philip of Spain, and of her painful illness and final death. The tragedy ends with the accession of Elizabeth. RECOLLECTIONS OF THE ARABIAN NIGHTS.

An early poem in which the poet describes the imaginary adventures of a boy after reading the Arabian Nights.

REQUIESCAT.

Two quatrains in memory of a woman who died while young. The poet is sure that ' Her peaceful being slowly

passes by To some more perfect

peace.' REVENGE, THE

A stirring ' Ballad of the

Fleet, ' in which the poet tells the story of Sir Richard Gren- ville's single-handed achieve- ment, when his flagship, the little ' Revenge,' fought a fleet of fifty-three Spanish galleons for a day and a night before the death from wounds of the heroic Sir Richard, with these words on his lips — ' I have fought for Queen and Faith like a valiant man and true ;

I have only done my duty as a man is bound to do :

With a joyful spirit I Sir

Richard Grenville die ! ' The materials of this ballad were drawn from a ' Report ' of the fight by Sir Walter Raleigh.

RIFLEMEN FORM!

A recruiting song written to encourage the volunteer move- ment, before it was properly started.

RING, THE

A blank verse poem in the form of a conversation between father and daughter on the latter's wedding morning. The father gives his child the ring which had belonged to her dead mother, and tells the legend which endowed it with certain magic powers. He then re- lates the full story of the ring's effect in his own life and that of his daughter's mother and stepmother.

RIZPAH.

A poem in seventeen stanzas, in which a criminal's mother,

ROM]

on her deathbed, tells a woman the story of her son's crime, his death by hanging and her own theft of his bones in order to bury them in holy ground. She ends with a confident trust in God's mercy — * — He means me I'm sure to

be happy with Willy, I know

not where.'

The poem was suggested by a story, which appeared in a magazine entitled Old Brighton, of a young man named Rooke who was hanged in chains for robbing the mail in the eight- eenth century. ' When the elements had caused the clothes and flesh to decay, his aged mother, night after night, in all weathers, and the more tempes- tuous the weather the more frequent the visits, made a sacred pilgrimage to the lonely spot on the Downs, and it was noticed that on her return she always brought something away with her in her apron. Upon being watched, it was discovered that the bones of the hanging man were the objects of her search, and as the wind and rain scattered them on the ground she conveyed them to her home. There she kept them, and, when the gibbet was stripped of its horrid burden, in the dead silence of the night she interred them in the hal- lowed enclosure of Old Shore- ham Churchyard.'

ROMNEY'S REMORSE.

Romney, in his youth, was

30 [ST

told that . * wife and children drag an artist down,' so he de- serted his young wife and child. In this poem the dying Romney expresses his remorse and im- plores the forgiveness of the wife, who heaps coals of fire upon his head by nursing him when he comes to her in his last illness .

ROSALIND.

A song to Rosalind — whom the poet. likens to a bright-eyed falcon — in three stanzas.

ROSES ON THE TERRACE.

The sight of the roses on the terrace brings to the poet me- mories of a courtship fifty years old.

SAILOR BOY.

A song of a boy who went to sea in obedience to his irre- sistible desire, and in spite of all ' danger of the roaring sea.'

ST. AGNES' EVE.

A beautiful poem in three stanzas. The young virgin- martyr, St. Agnes, soliloquizes on the eve of her death.

ST. SIMEON STYLITES.

The Saint, who spent ' thrice ten years ' on the top of a column to expiate his sins, in this poem makes his last prayer to God.

ST. TELEMACHUS.

The story, in blank verse, of an heroic man, who in the time of gladiatorial combats in Rome, came from the East to stop these

SEA]

[SON

murderous exhibitions. He was stoned to death, for daring to enter the arena to stop the people's pleasure. But the em- peror forbade such combats for the future.

SEA DREAMS.

A narrative in blank verse. A man — bitter at the loss of money — his wife and infant daughter go to stay at the sea-side. The man and wife dream of the coast, wake, recount their dreams, and the man is pre- vailed upon to forgive a preacher of the town, against whom he bore a grudge, but who has died suddenly. The slumber song 1 What does little birdie say ' occurs in the poem.

SEA-FAIRIES.

A short poem in which the poet describes the legendary syrens of the sea and their enchanted singing which lured mariners on to dangerous rocks. The theme is taken from Homer.

SILENT VOICES, THE

The poet beseeches the * silent voices ' of the dead to urge him forward — i On ! and always on ! ' — not drag him back.

SIR GALAHAD.

A short poem in which king Arthur's youngest and purest knight describes himself and his quest for the Holy Grail.

SIR JOHN FRANKLIN.

Lines on the cenotaph in Westminster Abbey. The poet

praises the * heroic sailor-soul ' of the great Arctic explorer.

SIR JOHN OLDCASTLE, LORD COBHAM.

Soliloquy of Lord Cobham — one of the earliest protestants — who was burnt for heresy on Christmas Day, 1417.

SIR LAUNCELOT AND QUEEN GUINEVERE.

A fragment — a description of king Arthur's Queen and her lover, Sir Launcelot, as they ride through the woods in Spring.

SISTERS, THE.

A short poem. One of two sisters is seduced by an earl, and after death is avenged by the death of the earl at the hands of the surviving sister.

SISTERS, THE (EVELYN AND EDITH).

A narrative in blank verse. A man tells the story of his love for two sisters. He married one but was never able to make up his mind which he cared for most. His wife was alienated from him by hearing of his former wooing of her sister — since dead.

SNOWDROP, THE.

A single stanza in which the poet welcomes the first appear- ance of the ' February fair maid.'

SONNET TO .

The poet here seems to be- lieve in a former existence, for

SPE]

[TIT

he writes in this sonnet to a friend that at the first meeting — c Methought that I had often

met with you, And either lived in cither's

heart and speech.'

SPECIMEN OF A TRANSLATION OF THE ILIAD IN BLANK VERSE.

Translation into stirring blank verse of Iliad viii. 542-561.

SPINSTER'S SWEET-ARTS, THE

A dialect poem. The solilo- quy of an e old maid ' who has named her cats after her one- time sweethearts. She speaks to the cats as though they were indeed the men, and reminds them of her young days of courtship.

SPIRIT HAUNTS THE YEAR'S LAST HOURS, A.

A song in two stanzas in which the poet laments the passing of the old year.

SPITEFUL LETTER, THE.

The soliloquy of a poet on receiving a ' Spiteful Letter ' from a jealous fellow-poet.

SUPPOSED CONFESSIONS OF A SECOND - RATE SENSITIVE MIND.

Morbid, self-centred reflec- tions about the relation of the soul to God. An early poem.

TALKING OAK, THE.

A youthful poet obtains an account of the doings — in his absence — of the girl he loves from an oak gifted with speech.

In return for the information he vows to honour the oak in prose and rhyme and make for his bride a chaplet of oak-leaves. A playful narrative in quatrains.

THIRD OF FEBRUARY, 1852.

Lines written on the political situation at this time. The poet regrets with scorn the suggestion of the House of Lords that English politicians should curb their ' honest ccn - sure ' in order to placate France, who, at this time, was regarded as somewhat of a menace to England.

THROSTLE, THE.

A short set of verses in which the poet sets words to the music of the song-thrush and hails the bird as a ' wild little poet.'

TIRESIAS.

Tiresias, as a young man, had looked upon Pallas Athene as she came from the bath. He was blind from that time, but also gifted with a fatal gift of prophecy to which none would give ear. In this poem the old and dying Tiresias tells his son the story of his life, and prophesies the ruin of Thebes unless the young man will fight bravely for the city of his birth. The poem was suggested by the Phcenissez of Euripides.

TITHONUS.

A soliloquy in blank verse, in which Tithonus regrets bitterly the irrevocable gift of immor-

TO]

33

[TO

tality bestowed on him by the gods. The story is told in the Homeric Hymn to Aphrodite.

TO ALFRED TENNYSON, MY GRANDSON.

Lines written to * golden- hair'd Ally,' grandson and name- sake of the poet, who is ad- dressed as a ' Glorious poet who never hast written a line.'

TO DANTE.

Lines written at request of the Florentines. The poet casts at Dante's feet his tribute of verse.

TO E. FITZGERALD.

Lines written on the death of Edward Fitzgerald, an old and close friend of the poet. In these lines Tennyson intro- duces a hope of eternal life into his sadness at his friend's death.

TO E. L., ON HIS TRAVELS IN GREECE.

Lines to a friend who had ap- parently sent the poet vivid accounts of Greece, for Tenny- son declares himself to be transported in spirit to the Greece of the Golden Age.

»* E. L.' was Edmund Lushing- ton, who married Tennyson's sister.

TO H.R.H. PRINCESS BEA- TRICE.

Lines written on the marriage of princess Beatrice, daughter of queen Victoria. The poet rejoices that the princess's marriage will not entirely

separate her from her widowed mother.

TO J. M. K.

A sonnet written to a ' soldier

priest.'

TO J. S.

Lines written to a friend on the death of a brother, who was also a friend of the poet.

TO MARY BOYLE.

Lines written to accompany a copy of The Progress of Spring, sent by the poet to induce his friend to leave London for hi* own country home.

TOMORROW.

A narrative poem. An old woman recognizes the body of a young man laid in an Irish churchyard as that of the lover of her girlhood days. The man had been lost in a peat bog, and the peat had preserved the body perfectly.

TO ONE WHO RAN DOWN THE ENGLISH.

Four lines in which the poet expresses his hope that the fears of one who depreciated the English may prove false.

TO PROFESSOR JEBB.

Three stanzas dedicating Demeter and Persephone to Professor Jebb.

TO THE DUKE OF ARGYLL.

Lines to the ' Patriot States- man ' in which the poet urges wisdom, foresight and courage. D

TO]

34

[TO

TO THE MARQUIS OF DUF- FERIN AND AVA.

Viceroy of India. The poet praises the virtues of the mar- quis and mourns for Lionel Tennyson, who died in India, and whose memory brought to the poet affectionate memories of lord Dufferin.

TO THE MASTER OF BALLIOL.

Lines written to dedicate The Death of (Enone to the Master of Balliol.

TO THE PRINCESS FREDERIC A OF HANOVER ON HER MARRIAGE.

A marriage blessing in which the poet assures the Princess that her dead father's blessing is upon her.

TO THE QUEEN. I.

A Dedication to queen Vic- toria of the poet's collected poems — ' this poor book of song.' The poem was written on the occasion of Tennyson's appointment as Poet Laureate, 1850.

TO THE QUEEN. II.

An epilogue to The Idylls of the King, in which with fervent loyalty the poet begs her to accept them as a tribute to the memory of

' one to whom I made it o'er

his grave.'

He prays for blessings for the Queen and England.

TO THE REV. F. D. MAURICE.

An invitation to pay a visit

to the poet and his family sent by Tennyson to the godfather of Hallam Tennyson.

TO THE REV. W. H. BROOK- FIELD.

A sonnet written at the death of an old Cambridge friend. The poet recalls past companion- ship and prays a blessing for the dead.

TO ULYSSES.

Lines sent by the poet to W. G. Palgrave. Ulysses was the title of a book of Palgrave's Essays, descriptive of Travels. This poem conveys the poet's pleasure in this book of Pal- grave's Essays — a ' various book ' — in thanks for which he sends ' a gift of slenderer value,' a book of his own.

TOURNEY, THE.

The story of a knight who was victorious in a tourney and won his lady-love. A short poem in three stanzas.

TO VICTOR HUGO.

A sonnet written to Victor Hugo, after Lionel Tennyson had visited the French poet in France.

TO VIRGIL.

A poem in ten stanzas. Tennyson salutes the ancient poet as the

' Wielder of the stateliest mea- sure ever moulded by the lips of man.'

TO W. C. MACREADY.

A sonnet addressed to the

TO]

35

actor on his retirement from the stage.

TO WITH PALACE OF ART.

Lines in which the poet dedi- cated his ' sort of allegory,' to a friend who * will understand.'

TWO VOICES, THE.

The poem is an account of the v agitations, the suggestions, and \ counter-suggestions of a mind sunk in hopeless despondency, and meditating self-destruction ; together with the manner of its recovery to a more healthy condition.

ULYSSES.

A short poem. The solilo- quy of the aged Ulysses ex- pressing his unconquerable love of adventure. He leaves his son to manage his kingdom and sets forth once more on his voyaging with undiminished zest. The theme of the poem is from Dante's Inferno, Canto

XXVI.

VASTNESS.

A poem in which the poet declares the whole Creation to be simply an unmeaning vastness unless interpreted by the doctrine of the immortality of life and love.

VICTIM, THE.

A narrative poem. An an- cient kingdom was ravaged by plague and famine. The priests consulted the gods and declared that only the sacrifice of the * nearest and dearest ' to the

king would appease their wrath. The priests took the king's only son, but at the last moment the queen substituted herself for her son, declaring that she was the dearest to the king.

VILLAGE WIFE, THE.

A poem in Lincolnshire dia- lect, in which an old ' village wife ' tells the story of an old book-loving, impractical squire, whose estate was entailed, and was to come to the nearest male relation, passing over the squire's many daughters. The death of the squire and his only son at the same time leaves the daughters entirely unprovided for, and a stranger becomes squire and owner of the estate.

VISION OF SIN, THE.

A poem in which the poet recounts a vision of a purely sensual soul. It may have been suggested by Shelley's Triumph of Life.

VOICE AND THE PEAK, THE.

The Peak signifies height, the voice of the Peak is drawn down- wards, for c the deep has power on the height,' but the c thought of man ' is higher and deeper than either, and will endure long after * The valley, the voice, the peak,

the star, Pass, and are found no more.'

VOICE SPAKE OUT OF THE SKIES, A.

A fragment. A heavenly voice declares that the earth will

VOY]

[WIL

endure but for a moment. The poet in answer to a beggar's cry for food, reflects that if the Voice speak truth, the giving and receiving of food is of very little moment.

VOYAGE, THE.

A poem in twelve stanzas. The story of an endless voyage in the wake of a vision —

* — blind or lame or sick or

sound,

We follow that which flies before.'

VOYAGE OF MAELDUNE, THE.

The story of a legendary Irish Chief who called his men to- gether to sail with him to the Isle of Finn to avenge the death of his father. They reached the Isle, but were blown away be- fore they could land. They con- tinued their voyage and landed at various magic islands in all of which they fought. After a while they came to the Isle of Brendan, who blest them and bade them ' Let the past be past/ so when they reached the Isle of Finn where the murderer of Maeldune's father was, they forewent revenge and left the murderer alive.

WAGES.

' The wages of sin is death,' but, says the poet, the wages of virtue is ' the glory of going on.' Two stanzas.

WALKING TO THE MAIL.

A conversation in blank verse between two men walking to the

mail. They discuss a neigh- bour and politics, and their own youthful doings.

WANDERER, THE.

Four stanzas in which a * wan- derer ' bids farewell to his friends and passes on.

WAN SCULPTOR, WEEPEST THOU TO TAKE THE CAST

A sonnet in which the poet contrasts the grief of a sculptor or painter making a portrait of some dead friend with the greater grief of one who mourns the death of love itself — more generous than the death of love's object.

WELCOME TO ALEXANDRA, A.

A poem written to welcome the young and beautiful Danish bride of the Prince of Wales — afterwards Edward VII. It is full of enthusiasm and praise for the young Princess, now the Queen-mother.

WELCOME TO H.R.H. MARIE ALEXANDROVNA, DUCHESS OF EDINBURGH.

Another poem of welcome for a bride. It was written at the time of the marriage of the duke of Edinburgh with the Russian princess Marie Alex- androvna.

WILL.

Two stanzas in which the poet praises the man who possesses a strong will and pities the man whose will is weak.

WIL]

37

[YOU

WILL WATERPROOFS LYRI- CAL MONOLOGUE.

A monologue of a wine-loving man, seated in his favourite tavern. It is a discourse upon wine and the purely physical pleasures of life, in light, humor- ous verse.

WINDOW, THE.

A song cycle ' in the German fashion ' written for music of sir Arthur Sullivan. The story is a series of little songs of the loves of two wrens.

WINDS, AS AT THEIR HOUR OF BIRTH, THE.

A song, in two stanzas, of the freedom of the winds.

WRECK, THE.

A woman, unhappily married, escapes by sea with a more con- genial lover than her husband. She is haunted by memories of her only child, and when, after ten days, the boat is wrecked and her lover killed, she cries to

be taken back to it. Her re- morse comes too late, as the child died on the night of the wreck. The poem is in the form of a story told by the woman herself to her mother.

YOU ASK ME WHY, THO' ILL AT EASE.

In this poem the poet answers those who question him as to why, in spite of disadvantage, he still chooses to live in Eng- land. England is free, c a man may speak the thing he will,' but in spite of his choice of England as a permanent home, the poet desires to visit other lands before he dies.

YOU MIGHT HAVE WON THE POET'S NAME.

A poem written after reading a biography of one who ' might have won the poet's name ' but preferred a silent ' deedful ' life and so escaped the unseemly posthumous publicity which is the lot of poets.

THE TENNYSON DICTIONARY

ABADDON.

The angel of the bottomless pit.

And they had a king over them, which is the angel of the bottomless pit, whose name in the Hebrew tongue is Abaddon. Rev. ix. 2.

St. Simeon Stylites. ABDIEL.

One of the Seraphim, who withstood Satan in his revolt against God.

So spake the Seraph Abdiel, faithful found I Among the faithless faithful only he ; Among innumerable false unmoved, Unshaken, unseduced, unterrified, His loyalty he kept, his love, his zeal; Milton : Paradise Lost, Book v. 896-900.

Milton.

ABEL.

Hear me, son. As gold Outvalues dross, light darkness, Abel Cain, The soul the body, and the Church the Throne,

Becket. ABOMINABLE.

The Abominable, that uninvited came Into the fair Peleian banquet-hall,

Has reference to Eris, the Greek goddess of strife and dis- cord. She was the only goddess who was not invited to the marriage of Peleus and Thetis, and in revenge threw a golden apple among the guests, which led to the Trojan war.

(Enone. ABSALOM.

Deal gently with the young man Absalom.

Bishop Foliot's reference to Archbishop Becket.

Becket.

ABU SAID.

Sufee poet, born A.D. 9687 died at the age of 83. He was a mystical poet, and some of his expressions have been com- pared to our George Herbert, Poet's Note.

Akbar's Dream.

ACACIA.

The name of a thorny tree found in Egypt.

The Princess ; Maud.

ACADEME.

=Academy.

who could think The softer Adams of your Academe,

Shakespeare m Love's Labour's Lost uses the same term.

The Princess.

ACANTHUS-WREATH.

The Acanthus is a prickly plant, the leaves of which are reproduced in the capital of Corinthian and Composite Or- ders. Lotos-Eaters.

ACJLEANS.

The common name for the Greek nation in the Homeric period.

Achilles over the Trench.

ACHILLES.

Son of Peleus and Thetis, grandson of ^Eacus, king of the island of ^Egina, and the most

39

ACH]

40

[ACR

famous of the Greek heroes in the Trojan war. When a baby he was taken to the river Styx, for it was said that those who bathed in its waters could never be wounded. Afraid to let go her child for fear he might drown, his mother plunged him into the tide, holding him fast by one heel. This she held so tightly that the waters never wet it, and some time after, when too late to remedy it, the oracle told her lie would be wounded in his heel. At Troy he slew Hector, tied the corpse by the heels to his chariot and dragged it three times round the walls of Troy. After several other great fights Achilles was wounded in his heel by a poisoned arrow, shot by Paris, from which he died. Thus was fulfilled the prophecy. Upon his death his arms were awarded to Ulysses, who after- wards saw and conversed with him in Hades. It is supposed that he married Helen after the siege of Troy, but others maintain that he was married after death in the island of Leuce, where many of the ancient heroes lived.

It may be we shall touch the Happy Isles, And see the great Achilles, whom we knew.

The story of his quarrel with Agamemnon — who deprived him of his favourite mistress, Briseis — is the main subject of the Iliad of Homer. In the Odyssey he is one of the heroes of the underworld visited by

Odysseus, and is also one of the characters in Shakespeare's Troilus and Cressida. Ulysses ; Achilles over the Trench.

ACRE.

A seaport on the coast of Syria, on a promontory north of Mount Carmel. It was cap- tured by the Saracens in 638, by the Crusaders in 1104, re- captured by the Saracens in 1187, and in 1191, after a two years' siege and a loss of 300,000 soldiers, it was taken by the Crusaders under Richard Coeur de Lion and Philip Augustus. It was then named St. Jean d'Acre on account of it being the headquarters of the Knights of the Order of St. John. It was again taken by the Saracens in 1291, when 60,000 Christians perished. In 1517 it was cap- tured by the Turks, and in 1799 was besieged by the French under Napoleon, but was suc- cessfully defended by the gar- rison with the aid of English sailors under sir Sydney Smith. In 1832 it was stormed by Ibrahim Pasha, son of the vice- roy of Egypt, in whose posses- sion it remained until 1840, when it was captured by a com- bined English, Austrian and Turkish fleet under sir Robert Stopford.

The Foresters.

ACRISIUS.

The included Danae has escaped again Her tower, and her Acrisius — where to seek ? I have been about the city.

In Greek mythology, king of

ACT]

Argos and father of Danae (^.z>.)' Being told by an oracle that his daughter's son would kill him, he kept her shut up in a tower of brass, where she became the mother of Perseus — who won the Golden Fleece, and cut off the Gorgon's head — by Jupiter, in the form of a golden shower. Acrisius then ordered his daughter and her child to be cast into the sea, but they were rescued by a fisherman named Dictys. When Perseus was grown to manhood, wishing to show his skill in throwing the quoit, he by mis- adventure struck the foot of Acrisius with a quoit, which caused his death, and thus the oracle was unhappily fulfilled. Acrisius reigned about 31 years. Eecket.

ACTON (Roger). See Roger Aeton. AD AIR. See Ellen, Ellen Adair. ADAM.

For since the time when Adam first Embraced his Eve in happy hour,

And every bird of Eden burst In carol, every bud to flower,

Day-Dream. ADAM.

so might there be

Two Adams, two mankinds, and that was clean Against God's work :

Columbus. ADAM.

From yon blue heavens above us bent The gardener Adam and his wife Smile at the claims of long descent.

Lady Clara Vere de Vere. ADAMS.

who could think The softer Adams of your Academe,

The Princess.

Adam is used here as ' Galen ' in Canto I, line 19.

ADAM'S WINE.

A cant phrase for water as a beverage.

Northern Cobbler. ADDER

A small serpent of the genus Fipera.

Harold ; Eecket.

ADELINE.

You are not less divine, But more human in your moods, Than your twin-sister, Adeline.

ADELINE.

Margaret. Adeline.

ADMIRAL OF THE OCEAN.

A title conferred upon Colum- bus and on his heirs and suc- cessors for ever, by Ferdinand of Spain.

JEAKIDES. See Achilles.

JBQIS.

In mythology the shield of Jupiter, made of the hide of the goat Amalthaea. Jupiter gave this shield to Pallas, who placed upon it Medusa's head, which turned into stone all those who fixed their eyes upon it. It was the symbol of divine pro- tection.

and round

The warrior's puissant shoulders Pallas flung Her fringed aegis,

Achilles over the Trench.

JEOLIAN HARP.

A stringed instrument con- sisting of a box, on or in which were stretched strings, on which the wind acted to produce the

MS]

42

[AGR

notes. It was usually placed at an open window.

Two Voices. JESOP.

Inverted JEsop — mountain out of mouse. Say for ten thousand ten — and pothouse knaves,

was a famous Greek fabulist who lived in the sixth century B.C. Little is known of his history except that he was a native of Phrygia and a slave, but subsequently set free by Jadmon of Samos. Visiting the court of Croesus he gained his confidence to such an extent that he was sent on several missions, on one of which to Delphi he was put to death by the priests. (B.C. 620-560).

Queen Mary.

;ETNA.

A mountain on the east coast of Sicily, noted for its volcano. Demeter and Persephone ; Lover's Tale.

AFRIC (Africa).

The voices of our universal sea

On capes of Afric as on cliffs of Kent, The Maoris and that Isle of Continent,

And loyal pines of Canada murmur thee,

A Welcome to Her Royal Highness Marie Alex- androvna, Duchess of Edinburgh.

AGARIC.

A fungus, to which the com- mon mushroom belongs.

Edwin Morris ; Gareth and Lynette.

AGATHA.

A sister of mercy, who per- suaded Eva Steer, who was sup-

posed to be drowned, to return home to her father and implore his forgiveness. Agatha rescued Eva when she was about to commit suicide by drowning. Promise of May.

AGAVE.

A plant, native of the warmer parts of America. It takes from ten to seventy years, according to climate, to attain maturity, the stem rising to a height of 40 feet.

The Daisy. AGINCOURT.

A village in Pas-se-Calais where one of the more import- ant battles in the Hundred Years' War was fought ; Henry V defeating the French on October

25, H'S-

The Princess. AGLAIA.

The child of Lady Psyche. Means brightness, and is the name of one of the Graces.

Her maiden babe, a double April old, Aglala slept.

The Princess.

AGNED-CATHREGONION.

The scene of one of king Arthur's battles. Some author- ities consider it to be a hill in Somersetshire ; according to others Edinburgh is the place, as the old name of that city was Agned.

And up in Agned-Cathregonion too,

And down the waste sand-shores of Trath

Treroit, Where many a heathen fell ;

Lancelot and Elaine.

AGRIPPINA.

A cultured and courageous

AGY]

43

[AKR

Roman matron, daughter of Vipsanius Agrippa and Julia, and the granddaughter of the emperor Augustus. She mar- ried Germanicus, whom she accompanied on his campaigns, and upon his death brought his ashes to Rome ; was subse- quently exiled to the island of Pandataria, by Tiberius, where she died in 33 A.D.

Of Agrippina.

and the Roman brows

The Princess here is pointing out the brows on the marble statue of Agrippina.

The Princess. AGYPT (Egypt).

Tomorrow.

AIDONEUS.

A surname of Pluto, king of the Molossi, who imprisoned Theseus because he and Piri- thous attempted to ravish his daughter Proserpine, hence the fable of the descent of Theseus and Pirithous into hell.

Demeter and Persephone.

AILMER (John).

Chaplain to Henry Grey, marquis of Dorset, and tutor of lady Jane Grey. In 1522 he was made archdeacon of Stow, but on the accession of Mary was deprived of prefer- ments for opposing in Convo- cation the doctrine of Tran- substantiation, and fled to Zurich. In 1558, upon Eliza- beth's accession, he returned, was made archdeacon of London 1562 ; D.D. of Oxford 1573 ; and

bishop of London 1577 (1521-

I594)-

Queen Mary. AJALON.

Than that earth should stand at gaze like Joshua's moon in Ajalon !

A valley in Palestine, and the scene of a battle between Joshua and five Canaanitish kings, during which Joshua commanded the sun and moon, to stand still.

' Sun, stand thou still upon Gibeon ; and thou, Moon, in the valley of Ajalon.' Joshua x. 12 ,

Locksley Hall.

AKB AR ( Jellal - Ud - Din -Mo- hammed).

The greatest of the Mogul emperors, who, at the age of 13, succeeded his father Huma- yun. Assuming the reins of government at the age of 18,, he commenced his conquest of Hindustan. He subdued and ruled over fifteen provinces,, and his empire extended from Cashmir to Ahmedabad and from Cabul to Dacca. His reign was marked by his daring change of policy from fanatical Mohammedanism to universal tolerance. He consulted Mo- hammedans, Hindus, Parseesr Jews and Christians, and drew up a new faith upon eclectic principles, by which he hoped to unite all creeds and peoples ; he abolished the poll-tax on infidels and the pilgrimage tax on Hindus (1542-1605).

Akhar*s Dream.

AKROKERAUNIAN WALLS.

The long divine Peneian pass, The vast Akrokeraunian walls,

ALB]

44

[ALC

The Acroceraunia : a moun- tain range along the coast of north-west Greece jutting out into the Ionian sea.

To E. L.

ALBERIGHI (Federigo degli). See Federigo degli Alberighi.

ALBERT.

The Prince Consort, husband of queen Victoria. Before the Idylls of the King were pub- lished the Prince died (1861), and to his memory they were afterwards dedicated.

THESE to His Memory — since he held

them dear,

Perchance as finding there unconsciously Some image of himself — I dedicate, I dedicate, I consecrate with tears — These Idylls.

In the concluding lines of the Dedication Tennyson added some words of comfort to the Queen on the death of the Prince :

May all love,

His love, unseen but felt, o'ershadow Thee, The love of all Thy sons encompass Thee, The love of all Thy daughters cherish Thee, The love of all Thy people comfort Thee, Till God's love set Thee at his side again !

The success of the Exhibition of 1851 was mainly due to the efforts of the Prince, who at the time of his death was plan- ning the International Ex- hibition of 1862. In the Ode sung at the Opening of the Inter- national Exhibition, and the Opening of the Indian and Colonial Exhibition by the Queen, the poet alludes to the part played by the Prince in connexion with these two Ex- hibitions.

It was chiefly owing to the

Prince's admiration of In Me- moriam that Tennyson was appointed Poet Laureate.

Dedication of Idylls. ALBERT.

And with him Albert came on his.

I look'd at him with joy ; As cowslip unto oxlip is,

So seems she to the boy.

Brother of Olivia, who was betrothed to Walter.

Talking Oak. ALBION.

Ancient name for Britain, in use among the early Celtic inhabitants. The word means 4 white island ' and was used by the Gauls to describe the white-chalked cliff land they saw to the North. On the Jubilee of Queen Victoria.

ALCESTIS.

Had I but known you as I know you now — The true Alcestis of the time.

In Greek mythology, daughter of Pelias and Anaxibia, and wife of Admetus. In order that her father might be re- stored to youth by Medea, she, with her sisters, put him to death, but Medea refused to redeem her promise, and the sisters fled to Admetus, who married Alcestis. Their bro- ther Acastus with an army pursued them, and Admetus being taken prisoner, was re- deemed from death by Alcestis who gave herself to save her husband; but Hercules de- scended to the lower world and brought her back. Alcestis is the subject of one of the tragedies of Euripides.

Romney's Remorse.

ALC]

45

[ALE

ALCOR.

The name of a star in the tail of the Great Bear.

Last Tournament.

ALDER.

A tree related to the birch, usually growing in moist land. Edwin Morris, Am-phion, A Farewell, Balin and Balan.

ALDRED.

Abbot of Tavistock, 1027 ; bishop of Worcester, 1044 ; appointed ambassador by Ed- ward the Confessor to the emperor of Germany, Henry III, 1054 ; and was the first English bishop to visit Jerusalem, which he did in 1058. On his return, he was made archbishop of York, 1060, with leave to hold his former See, but upon visit- ing Rome the pope refused him the pallium unless he resigned his former post. On the death of Edward (1066) Aldred sup- ported Harold, and officiated at his coronation ; but after the battle of Senlac he became a faithful servant of the Con- queror, and crowned William at Westminster before the year was completed in which he had crowned Harold (d. 1069).

Harold.

ALDWYTH.

Daughter of Alfgar, and widow of Griffyth, king of Wales ; she subsequently be-

tcame the wife of Harold. Harold.

ALENCON.

Capital of the department of Orne, North France, once famous for its point -lace. The title of a Duchy held by various members of the royal family of France, from Charles II of Valois. In 1048 duke William of Normandy captured the town, and inflicted great cruelty on the inhabitants who had taunted him with his birth, by hanging raw hides over the walls,

hast thou never heard His savagery at Alencon — the town Hung out raw hides along their walls, and

cried, ' Work for the tanner.'

The town was taken and retaken in the French Wars during the reigns of Henry V and Henry VI of England ; and in 1871 it capitulated to the Germans under the grand duke of Mecklenburg. The only re- mains of the ancient castle are three towers which form part of the present Town Hall. Harold.

ALEXANDRA.

Eldest daughter of the late king Christian IX of Denmark ; married to the Prince of Wales, afterwards Edward VII, at St. George's Chapel, Windsor, on March 10, 1863. The poem was written as a welcome to her upon her arrival in England.

SEA- KINGS' daughter from over the sea, Alexandra I

Saxon and Norman and Dane are we, But all of us Danes in our welcome of thee Alexandra

Welcome her, thunders of fort and of fleet Welcome her, thundering cheer of the street

A Welcome to Alexandra.

ALE]

ALEXANDROVNA. See Marie,

Marie Alexandrovna. ALFGAR.

Son of Leofric, earl of Mer- cia and Godgifu (Lady Go diva). He and his father supported king Edward the Confessor against earl Godwin at Glou- cester, 1051. Was outlawed by the Witan, 1055, and took refuge in Ireland ; invaded Herefordshire with Welsh allies but was defeated by Harold ; made peace and succeeded as the earl of Mercia, 1057. In the same year he was again out- lawed, but regained his earl- dom with the help of Northmen.

Harold. ALFRED.

Duke of Edinburgh and duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha ; second son of queen Victoria and prince Albert ; married February 23, 1874, at St. Petersburg to the grand duchess Marie Alexandrovna, only daughter of Alexander II, czar of Russia. The bride and bridegroom made their public entry into London on March 12 of the same year.

A Welcome to Her Royal Highness Marie Alex- drovna, Duchess of Edin- burgh. ALFRED.

King of the West Saxons, born at Wantage. His father was king Ethelwulf, and al- though the youngest of five sons succeeded to the crown in 872 A.D. — at the age of 22.

46 ALF

In the first year of his reign the young king fought nine battles against the Danes who had overrun the greater part of England north of the Thames. After a respite of several years a second invasion took place in 878 under Guthrum, king of the Danes in East Anglia, who overran Somerset without opposition, and Alfred retired to Athelney, where tradition says he burnt the cakes. In the same year he inflicted a defeat on the Danes at Edington in Wiltshire. By the peace of Wedmore, Guthrum con- sented to become a Christian and to acknowledge the supremacy of Alfred of the country south of the Thames and the greater part of Mercia. He subse- quently devoted himself to legislation, the administration of government, and to the encouragement of learning, be- ing himself a man of letters. It is to him we owe the founda- tion of England's greatness on the seas (849-901).

An Ode on the death of tie

Duke of Wellington ;

Harold.

ALFWIG.

Abbot of New Minster and uncle of king Harold. With twelve of his monks, joined Harold at the battle of Senlac, and after the battle was found among the slain, his body being recognized by the habit of his order.

ALI]

47

[ALL

Osgod. I am sure this body Is Alfwig, the king's uncle. Athelric, So it is !

Harold. ALICE.

A lady in waiting to queen Mary.

Queen Mary. ALICE.

Daughter of a wealthy miller, betrothed to a man whose parents at first thought he ' might have looked a little higher.' They were married, and in later years her husband expressed a wish that they might die together.

Pray, Alice, pray, my darling wife, That we may die the self-same day.

Miller's Daughter. ALICE.

The nurse of the supposed lady Clare. On the eve of the wedding of lady Clare and lord Ronald, Alice revealed to her the secret of her birth, namely, that she was the daugh- ter of her own nurse.

Lady Clare. ALICE.

There's Margaret and Mary, there's Kate and

Caroline : But none so fair as little Alice in all the land

they say,

May Queen.

we scarce can spell The Alif of Thine alphabet of Love.

The first letter of the Arabic alphabet.

Akbar's Dream.

IGTON.

A castle — near the river Med- way — originally built in Saxon times by a family named Colum- bary, but was razed afterwards by the Danes. After the con-

quest it was given to bishop Odo, and on his disgrace to earl Warrenne. It afterwards passed to the Cobham family, and from them to the Brents, by whom it was alienated to sir Thomas Wyatt, who made it his residence, and where was born his son and successor, sir Thomas Wyatt, Junior, who was subsequently deprived of his estates and executed for treason against Mary.

Ah, gray old castle oflAlington, green field Beside the brimming Medway, it may chance That I shall never look upon you more.

Queen Mary. ALIOTH.

The name of a star in the tail of the Great Bear.

Last Tournament. ALLA.

The word used by the Arabs to denote their chief god, and adopted by Mahomet as the name of the one true God.

Akbar's Dream. ALLAN.

A farmer, father of William, to whom he wished to wed his niece Dora.

Dora.

ALLEN (Francis). See Francis, Francis Allen.

ALLEN.

A labourer to farmer Steer. Promise of May.

ALLEN (Sally). See Sally, Sally Allen.

ALLENDALE (Earl of).

Allen-a-Dale of Nottingham was to be married to a lady who returned his love, but her

ALL]

48

[ALP

parents compelled her to forego him for an old knight of wealth. Allen told his tale to Robin Hood, who, in the disguise of a harper, went to the church where the wedding ceremony was to take place. ' This is no fit match ; the bride shall be married only to the man of her choice,' exclaimed Robin, and sounding his horn Allen and twenty-four bowmen entered the church. The bishop, how- ever, refused to marry the woman to Allen until the banns had been called three times, whereupon Robin pulled off the bishop's gown, and placed it upon Little John, who called the banns seven times, and per- formed the ceremony.

The Foresters.

ALL-HEAL.

A name applied to various plants, as the mistletoe, the great valerian, etc.

Fastness. ALLY.

Alfred Tennyson, grandson of the poet, to whom the poem is inscribed.

GOLDEN-HAIR'D Ally whose name is one with mine,

To Alfred Tennyson.

ALMESBURY.

A town in Wiltshire on the river Avon, about eight miles from Salisbury. Elfrida, widow of Edgar, founded here in 980 a Benedictine nunnery in atone- ment for the murder of her son- in-law, king Edward, but there had been a more ancient British

monastery at the same place, called after king Ambrosius who lies buried there. Mary, daughter of king Edward I, took the veil here in 1285, and two years later, Eleanor, queen of Henry III and the mother of Edward I, was admitted. It was at this town that Guin- evere (q.v.) after the death of Arthur, took the nun's habit.

QUEEN GUINEVERE had fled the court

and sat

There in the holy house at Almesbury Weeping, none with her save a little maid, A novice :

Guinevere.

' And when queen Guenever understood

that long Arthur was slain, ... she went

to Almesbury, and there she let make herself

a nun, and wore white clothes and black.'

Malory : Morte d' Arthur, Book XXI, chap.

vii.

Guinevere ; Passing of Arthur.

ALMSHOUSES AT NOTTING- HAM.

Part shall go to the almshouses at Notting- ham, part to the shrine of our Lady.

The Foresters. ALOE.

A genus of plants, some classed as trees, others as shrubs, of considerable medicinal import-

ance.

The Daisy.

ALPHEGE OF ENGLAND.

Monk of Deerhurst, bishop of Worcester 984; archbishop of Canterbury 1006. Inaugurated the Council of Enham, which made enactments against hea- thenism and the selling of slaves. By confirming Olaf Tryggwesson in his Christianity and obtaining from him in 994 a promise not to invade Eng- land, he incurred the hatred of

ALP]

49

[AMA

the Northmen, and during the invasion of the Danes in ion was captured, and upon refusing to ransom himself was put to death. His body was trans- lated to Canterbury by Knut, and in 1078 he was canonized (954-1012).

Becket. ALPS.

I climb'd the roofs at break of day : Sun-smitten Alps before me lay.

The great mountain range in Europe, forming the bound- ary between France, Germany and Switzerland on the north and west, and Italy on the south. The Daisy.

ALRASCHID. See Haroun Alras- chid.

ALVA (Duke op.

A distinguished soldier and a descendant from one of the ancient families of Spain. When only 17 years of age he was selected for a military command by Charles V, and was present at the battle of Pa via, 1535. In 1547 he gained a victory over John of Saxony at the battle of Muhlberg and subse- quently took part in the siege of Wittenburg and presided at the court-martial which tried and condemned to death the Elector. In 1552 he in- vaded France and was engaged for several months in an unsuc- cessful siege of Metz. In his campaign against pope Paul IV in 1556, Alva was completely successful and was at the gates

of Rome when he was compelled by Philip to negotiate a peace, and to ask pardon for having opposed the pope in the war. In 1567 he was sent to the Low Countries to reduce the Nether- lands to the Spanish yoke, which they were attempting to throw off. By his tyranny he filled the provinces with terror and scenes of carnage, for which his memory is held in detesta- tion to this day. In 1573 the oppressed country was relieved of his presence, and on returning to Spain was treated with dis- tinction by Philip. Falling into disgrace he was banished from court, and confined in the castle of Uzeda, where he remained for two years. Appointed in command of an army he invaded Portugal in 1581, defeated An- tonio and subdued the kingdom (1508-1583).

Queen Mary.

AMARACUS.

=Mar joram, a mint -like plant, used as a seasoning in cookery.

(Enone. AMARANTH.

The unfading Amaranth, so called because its flowers do not soon wither ; early employed as an emblem of immortality.

Immortal Amarant, a flower which once In Paradise, fast by the Tree of Life, Began to bloom, but, soon for Man's offence To Heaven removed where first it grew, Milton : Paradise Lost, Book III, 353-356.

Lotos-Eaters ; Romney's Remorse.

AMARYLLIS.

A genus of bulbous-rooted E

AMA]

[AMP

plants, including the narcissus, jonquil, daffodil, agave, etc. Amaryllis is the name of a country girl in Theocritus and Virgil.

The Daisy. AMAZON.

Glanced at the legendary Amazon As emblematic of a nobler age:

In Greek mythology a race of warrior females, said to have inhabited the neighbourhood of the Caucasus.

The Princess. AMBROSIA.

for her, and her,

Hebes are they to hand ambrosia, mix The nectar :

The food of the gods which conferred immortality upon those who partook of it.

The Princess ; Demeter and Persephone.

AMBROSIAL.

With rosy slender fingers backward drew From? her warm brows and bosom her

deep hair Ambrosial,

An epithet used by Homer of the hair of the gods.

Claribel ; (Enone ; In Memoriam.

AMBROSIALLY.

= Delicious.

and opening out his milk-white palm Disclosed a fruit of pure Hesperian gold, That smelt ambrosially,

(Enone. AMBROSIUS.

A monk.

And one, a fellow-monk among the rest, Ambrosius, loved him much beyond the rest And honour'd him,

Holy Grail. AMMON.

A tribe, occupying the region to the east of Jordan, who hired

Balaam to curse Israel. They were continually at war with the Israelites until subdued by Judas Maccabseus.

' Moreover it is written that my race Hew'd Ammon, hip and thigh, from Aroer On Arnon unto Minneth.'

Dream of Fair Women. AMMONIAN OASIS.

Gliding with equal crowns two serpents led Joyful to that palm-planted fountain-fed Ammonian Oasis in the waste.

Refers to Alexander's visit to the famous temple of Jupiter Ammon in the Libyan desert. Alexander.

AMMONITES.

Carved stones of the Abbey-ruin in the park, Huge Ammonites, and the first bones of Time ;

Huge fossil snake-shaped stones, known in the middle ages as ' Cornu Ammonis,' so- called from the Ammonian Horn of Ammon.

The Princess.

AMOMUM.

An Indian spice plant. It is mentioned in Virgil's Eclogue. The Cup.

AMPHION.

In Greek mythology son of Zeus and Antiope, and twin- brother of Zethus. He was born on mount Citheron, where Antiope had fled to avoid the resentment of Dirce (^.z>.)> and the two children were exposed, but were brought up by shep- herds. It is said that Amphion invented the lute and built Thebes by the music of it, which was so melodious that the stones danced into walls.

AMP]

[ANA

Amphion there the loud creating lyre Strikes, and beholds a sudden Thebes aspire ! Pope : Temple of Fame, 85-86.

When the two children had grown to manhood they united to avenge the wrongs which their mother had suffered at the hands of Dirce. They captured Thebes, slew Lycus, and tied Dirce to the tail of a wild bull which dragged her through precipices until she expired. Amphion married Niobe (q.v.) who, boasting that she was greater and more de- serving of immortality than Latona was changed into a stone, and in despair Amphion killed himself. Amphion.

AMPHISBAENA.

so you quash rebellion too For heretic and traitor are all one : Two vipers of one breed — an amphisbaena, Each end a sting : Let the dead letter burn.

A fabled serpent having two heads and able to move either backwards or forwards.

Dreadful was the din Of » hissing through the hall, thick-swarming

now

With complicated monsters, head and tail — Scorpion, and Asp, and Amphisbaena dire,

Milton : Paradise Lost, Book X. 521-524.

Queen Mary. AMURATH.

The Third, sixth sultan of the Turks (1574-1595). His first act on ascending the throne was to invite all his brothers to a banquet and strangle them.

This is the English, not the Turkish court ; Not Amurath an Amurath succeeds, But Harry Harry. Shakespeare : 2 Henry IV. Act v. Scene 2.

In 1579 a commercial treaty between Amurath and Elizabeth was ratified.

Sir John Oldcastle, Lord Cobham.

AMY.

The fiancee of an impetuous boy lover — her cousin — who found that his love had been disdained. Amy forsook him to satisfy the wishes of her father, and married for money. On account of his unhappy love affair he spoke of flight into a far country, and a mar- riage amid some savage tribes, but the bonds of culture and comfort were too strong for him, and the project of wild adventure was abandoned as quickly as it was formed. Amy died at the birth of her first child, and sixty years afterwards her once boy lover says :

All in white Italian marble, looking still as

if she smiled, Lies my Amy dead in child-birth, dead the

mother, dead the child.

* * *

I this old white-headed dreamer stoopt and kiss'd her marble brow.

Locksley Hall ; Locksley Hall Sixty Tears After.

ANAKIM.

I felt the thews of Anakim, The pulses of a Titan's heart ;

Sons of Anak, a race of giants inhabiting the mountains of Hebron, and who were con- quered by Joshua. Joshua xi.

21-22.

The Israelites said they were grasshoppers as compared with the Anakim. Numbers xiii. 33. In Memoriam.

ANATOLIAN GHOST.

Anatolian spectre stories. To Ulysses.

ANE]

[ANN

ANEMONE.

A plant of the crowfoot family.

Dream of Fair Women ; To the Rev. F. D. Maurice ; City Child.

ANDREW, SAINT. See St. An- drew.

ANGELO (Michael).

A famous Italian sculptor, painter and poet.

In Memoriam. ANGLE.

A German race of people who invaded Britain in the fifth century and settled in North- umbria and East Anglia. From them the name of England was derived.

Battle of Brunanburh ; Har- old ; Becket.

ANGUISANT.

King of Erin, subdued by king Arthur, fighting on behalf of Leodogran, king of Came- liard.

Coming of Arthur. ANGLIA.

Eques cum pedite

Praepediatur ! Illorum in lacrymas

Cruor fundatur ! Pereant, pereant,

Anglia precatur.

ANGLIAE.

Hostis per Angliae Plagas bacchatur Casa crematur, Pastor fugatur

trucidatur •

ANGLIAM.

Hostis in Angliam Ruit przedator,

Illorum, Domine, Scutum scindatur !

Harold.

Harold

Harold.

ANJOU.

An ancient province of France. In 1127 tne eleventh count of Anjou married Plan- tagenet, the daughter of Henry I of England and became the father of Henry II, who took it from his brother Geoffrey in 1156. It was taken from king John by Philip Augustus of France in 1205, and united to the French kingdom in 1328 by Philip VI, son of Charles of Valois.

Becket.

ANLAF.

A Danish king who invaded England and, joining forces with Constantius, king of the Scots, was defeated by Athel- stan (<?.£>.) and his brother Edmund Atheling (q.v.) at the battle of Brunanburh, A.D. 937. Battle of Brunanburh.

ANNE.

The warrior Earl of Allendale,

He loved the Lady Anne ; The lady loved the master well,

The maid she loved the man.

The Foresters. See Allendale (Earl of).

ANNE (Queen). See Boleyn.

ANNE.

ANNE WHARTON.

Wife of lord Wharton, and a friend of lady Jane Grey.

she was passing

Some chapel down in Essex, and with her j Lady Anne Wharton, and the Lady Anne Bow'd to the Pyx ;

Queen Mary.

ANNE— ANNIE.

For, Annie, you see, her father was not the

man to save, Hadn't a head to manage, and drank himself

into his grave.

ANN]

53

[ANT

An old woman — who had survived all her children — re- lates to her grandchild Annie the story of her life.

Grandmother. ANNIE.

An' es for Miss Annie es call'd me afoor

my awn foalks to my faace ' A hignorant village wife as 'ud hev to

be larn'd her awn plaace,'

Eldest daughter of the village squire. Village Wife.

ANNIE.

' He says I shall never live thro' it, O

Annie, what shall I do ? ' Annie consider'd. ' If I,' said the wise

little Annie, ' was you,

One of the inmates of a chil- dren's hospital, who suggested to one of her fellow sufferers who was about to undergo an operation, that she should pray for help to * the dear Lord Jesus.'

In the Children's Hospital.

ANNIE.

ANNIE LEE. See Enoch, Enoch

Arden. ANSELM.

Archbishop of Canterbury. Born at Aosta in Piedmont. In 1060 entered the monastery of Bee, and in 1063 was in- stalled as prior in succession to Lanfranc, and fifteen years later was elected abbot. Visited England in 1092, and in the following year accepted the archbishopric of Canterbury from William II who was lying ill at Gloucester. Consecrated the church, erected by William I in 1094 on the field on which he defeated Harold. In 1494 he was canonized (1033-1109). Becket.

ANT.

A small insect.

Pelleas and Ettarre ; Fast- ness ; Queen Mary.

ANTIBABYLONIANISMS. See Boanerges.

ANTIOCH.

Ancient capital of the Greek kings of Syria, built by Se- leucus 300 B.C. It was famous in the early history of the Church as the seat of several ecclesias- tical councils, as well as for being the birthplace of Chrysos- tom. In 635 A.D. it fell into the hands of the Saracens, who held it until 969 A.D. when it came under Roman dominion and retained till 1084 A.D., when it fell into the hands of the Turks, from whom it was cap- tured by the Crusaders A.D. 1098.

Becket. ANTON.

A Knight of the Round Table, and, according to Tenny- son, the foster-father of king Arthur.

Wherefore Merlin took the child, And gave him to Sir Anton, an old knight And ancient friend of Uther ; and his wife Nursed the young prince, and rear'd him with

her own ; And no man knew.

Malory in his Morte d* Arthur says : * So the child was de- livered unto Merlin ; and so he bare it forth unto Sir Ector, and made an holy man to christen him, and named him Arthur.'

Coming of Arthur.

ANT]

54

[APP

ANTONIUS.

A Roman general, but evi- dently not meant to be identi- fied with any Roman general known to history.

The Cup.

ANTONY (Mark). See Mark An- tony. ANTONY. ANTONY KNYVETT.

Lieutenant of the Tower of London in the reign of Henry VIII ; joined the earl of Devon in insurrection to prevent the marriage of Mary with Philip of Spain ;takenprisoner with Wyatt at Temple Bar by sir Maurice Berkeley, and being taken to the Tower was tried, condemned and executed.

Queen Mary. ANTWERP.

To Strasburg, Antwerp Frankfort, Zurich, Worms, Geneva, Basle — our Bishops from their sees Or fled, they say, or flying —

Queen Mary. APE.

A monkey.

St. Simeon Stylites ; In Me- moriam ; Making of Man ; Queen Mary ; B ecket.

APHRODITE;.

The Greek goddess of love and beauty, and wife of Hephaes- tus and mother of Cupid. Her sacred bird was the dove. As the queen of beauty she had the golden apple awarded her by Paris, and possessed the power of conferring beauty. In Ro- man mythology she is identified with Venus (q.v.).

(Enone.

APICUS.

A celebrated Roman glutton in the time of Augustus Tiber- ius. He expended large sums in gluttony and wrote a book upon cookery. It is said that having spent £800,000 in supply- ing the delicacies of his table and having only £30,000 left, he committed suicide, not think- ing it possible to exist on such a miserable sum.

Becket. APOLLO.

The chief god of the Greeks ; in ancient literature described as possessed of many powers. Tennyson speaks of him as the god of the sun and god of music :

Like that strange song I heard Apollo sing,

Tithonus.

' Look where another of our Gods, the Sun, Apollo,'

Lucretius.

The statue of Apollo at Rhodes, made to commemorate the successful defence of that place against Demetrius Polior- cetes in 300 B.C., was one of the several wonders of the old world. It represented the sun- god with his head surrounded by rays, and with his feet rest- ing one on each side of the en- trance to the port. This Co- lossus of Rhodes, as the statue was generally called, was 105 feet high, and took twelve years to build, at a cost of about £120,000.

Titbonus ; Lucretius.

APPLE-TREE.

A tree of many varieties.

Holy Grail.

AQU]

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[ARA

AQUITAINE.

A province of south-west France. It was conquered by the Romans 57 B.C. under Caesar, and again in 418 in the reign of Augustus. On the marriage of Louis VII with Eleanor, daughter of William X, it was annexed to the French crown, but upon Henry II of England marrying Eleanor after her divorce, it was added to the English crown. It remained in English possession until 1453, when it was restored to France.

Becket. ARAB.

From the delicate Arab arch of her feet To the grace that,

Refers to the high instep of the Arab, giving swiftness and elasticity to his gait.

Maud. ARABI.

Leader of the Egyptian Re- volt, 1882. As under-secretary for War in the Egyptian govern- ment, he adopted a policy which the British government had to meet by armed force. Alexandria was bombarded on July II, 1882, and on September 13 of the same year the British troops under sir Garnet Wolse- ley completely routed him at the battle of Tel-el-Kebir.

You saw the league- long rampart-fire

Flare from Tel-el-Kebir Thro' darkness, and the foe was driven,

And Wolseley overthrew Arabi.

Arabi fled to Cairo, but surrendering was banished to Ceylon, 1883. In 1901 he was released and granted a pension.

He claimed descent from the prophet. Prologue to General Hamley.

ARABY.

A poetical form of Arabia. Queen Mary.

ARAC (Prince).

A prince, whose hard olct father represented in his blunt and violent manner the old- fashioned regime when women were women and knew their place. Since his infancy he had been proxy wedded to a certain princess Ida (q.v.)9 with whom he was deeply in love. He is described as a genial giant, with splendid muscles, healthy love of action, and proud devotion to his sister. When Ida reached marriageable age she founded a college for women from which men were excluded. Arac determined to gain access to the college, so- with two more friends disguised as girl students, the college portress admitted them. After many adventures his sex was discovered. Arac wooed Ida,, this time more successfully, and after many amusing hap- penings they were married. The Princess.

ARAGON.

Once a kingdom, but now divided into three provinces, It was conquered by the Ro- mans, but upon the fall of that empire, it passed into the hands of the Goths ; and at the beginning of the eighth century

ARE]

[ART

was conquered by the Moors. In 1137 ft was recovered by the rulers of Aragon and united with Catalonia, and by the marriage of Ferdinand with Isabella of Castile in 1469 the crowns of Aragon and Castile (q.v.) were united.

Queen Mary. ARBACES.

Name of a horse.

The Brook. ARCADY.

And round us all the thicket rang To many a flute of Arcady.

Represents Greek Idyllic poetry.

In Memoriam.

ARDEN (Enoch). Enoch Arden.

See Enoch,

ARDEN.

A large forest supposed to have been in Warwickshire. It is a place-name in Shake- speare's As You Like It. Sisters (Evelyn and Edith).

ARES.

The Greek god of war, called by the Romans, Mars, and son of Zeus and Hera. Was an enemy of Cadmus (q.v) on account of his having killed the dragon that guarded the springs of Dirce which were sacred to Mars.

The great God, Are's, burns in anger still Against the guiltless heirs of him from Tyre, Our Cadmus, out of whom thou art, who found Beside the springs of DircS, smote, and still'd Thro' all its folds the multitudinous beast, The dragon,

His symbols were the spear and the burning torch.

Tiresias.

ARIMATHUEAN JOSEPH. See Joseph.

ARNO.

An Italian river which flows through Florence.

The Brook.

ARNON.

A river which formed the boundary between Moab and the Amonites, and afterwards between Moab and Israel. Dream of Fair Women.

AROER.

A city on the river Arnon, the southern point of the terri- tory of Sihon, king of the Amor- ites, and afterwards of the tribe of Reuben, but later in the possession of Moab.

' Moreover, it is written that my race

Hew'd Ammon, hip and thigh, from Aroer On Arnon unto Minneth.'

Dream of Fair Women. 'And he smote them from Aroer, even till thou come to Minnith." Judges xi. 33.

Dream of Fair Women.

'AROLD (Harold).

Promise of May.

AROMAT.

Supposed to have been the native land of Joseph of Ari- mathaea and the place from which he brought the Holy Grail to Glastonbury.

The cup, the cup itself, from which our Lord Drank at the last sad supper with His own. This, from the blessed land of Aromat —

Holy Grail.

ARTEMIS.

In Greek mythology the daughter of Zeus and Leto. She was twin-sister of Apollo, and was born in the isle of

ART]

57

[ART

Delos. A virgin goddess, re- presented as a huntress armed with bow and arrows. The Romans identified Artemis with the old Italian goddess Diana

&•*•)•

The Cup.

ARTEMISIA (Carian). See Car- ian Artemisia.

ARTHUR.

' You know,' said Frank, ' he burnt His epic, his King Arthur, some twelve books.

= The Idylls of the King.

The Epic. ARTHUR.

Sir Arthur, a local magnate. The Brook.

ARTHUR.

Arthur Henry Hallam, son of Henry Hallam, the historian, born 1811. During his resi- dence at Trinity College, Cam- bridge, Tennyson made the acquaintance of Hallam, with whom he formed an affectionate friendship, and some years later Hallam became engaged to the poet's sister Emily. His early death, which occurred suddenly at Vienna in 1833, was a great grief to the poet, whose In Memoriam is a noble elegy to his loss.

My Arthur, whom I shall not see Till all my widow'd race be run ; Dear as the mother to the son,

More than my brothers are to me.

Hallam was buried at Cleve- don in Somersetshire, and in the Manor aisle of the church, over the vault of the Hallams, is a tablet, which bears the following inscription :

TO

THE MEMORY OF

ARTHUR HENRY HALLAM

ELDEST SON OF HENRY

HALLAM ESQUIRE

AND OF JULIA MARIA HIS WIFE

DAUGHTER OF SIR ABRAHAM

ELTON BARONET OF CLEVEDON COURT

WHO WAS SNATCHED AWAY BY SUDDEN DEATH

AT VIENNA ON SEPTEMBER I5TH 1833

IN THE TWENTY-THIRD YEAR OF HIS AGE AND NOW IN THIS OBSCURE AND SOLITARY

CHURCH

REPOSE THE MORTAL REMAINS OF ONE TOO EARLY LOST FOR PUBLIC FAME BUT ALREADY CONSPICUOUS AMONG HIS

CO NTEM PO RARIES

FOR THE BRIGHTNESS OF HIS GENIUS THE DEPTH OF HIS UNDERSTANDING THE NOBLENESS OF HIS DISPOSITION

THE FERVOUR OF HIS PIETY AND THE PURITY OF HIS LIFE

VALE DULCISSIME

VALE DILECTISSIME DESIDERATISSIME REQUIESCAS IN PACE

TER AC MATER HIC POSTHAC REQUIES-

CAMUS TECUM USQUE AD TUBAM.

In Memoriam.

ARTHUR.

Supposed to have been in the sixth century a war leader of the tribes inhabiting Cumbria and Strathclyde against the Saxons from the East and the Picts and Scots from the North. The name Arthur originally denoted the Bear, and the con- stellation of that name is called in Welsh the Chariot of Arthur. His father was Uther the pen- dragon, and his mother Ygerne widow of Gorlois, duke of Corn- wall, and he was born at Tin- tagel Castle, Cornwall, about

ART]

[ART

the year 500 A.D. Tennyson says that Merlin gave Arthur, when an infant, to Sir Anton to bring him up, and he was brought up as his foster-son.

Wherefore Merlin took the child, And gave him to Sir Anton, an old Knight And ancient friend of Uther ;

Malory in his Morte <T Arthur says :

So the child was delivered unto Merlin, and so he bore it forth unto Sir Ector, and made an holy man to christen him, and named him Arthur :

Uther Pendragon dying while Arthur was yet an infant, the succession to the kingdom was in doubt, and in order to prove who was the rightful heir to the realm, the method of draw- ing a sword from a stone was adopted. This stone, which was in the churchyard of St. Stephen's, London, was like a marble stone, with an anvil of steel in the middle a foot high, and on it was placed a sword naked to the point, and in- scribed thus :

Whoso pulleth out this sword of this stone and anvil is rightful king born of all England. Malory : Morte <T Arthur, Book I, chap. iii.

Some 200 knights tried to release it but failed. Arthur alone could draw it, whereby proving his right of succession to the kingdom.

And right as Arthur did at Christmas he did at Candlemas, and pulled out the sword easily, whereof the barons were sore aggrieved, Malory : Morte d" Arthur, Book I, chap. iv.

At the age of fifteen he was crowned at Caerleon-upon-Usk by Dubricius, archbishop of the * City of Legions.' No sooner had he ascended the throne than slanderous statements began to

be circulated as to his birth, some maintaining he was not the son of Uther and Ygerne :

' Away with him ! No king of ours ! a son of Gorlois he, Or else the child of Anton, and no king, Or else baseborn.'

Others said that he was cast up from the sea on the ninth wave :

And then the two Dropt to the cove, and watch'd the great sea

fall,

Wave after wave, each mightier than the last, Till last, a ninth one, gathering half the deep And full of voices, slowly rose and plunged Roaring, and all the wave was in a flame : And down the wave and in the flame was

borne

A naked babe, and rode to Merlin's feet, Who stoopt and caught the babe, and cried

' The King ! Here is an heir for Uther ! '

Whilst another version says :

Or if some other told, How once the wandering forester at dawn, Far over the blue tarns and hazy seas, On Caer-Eryri's highest found the King, A naked babe, of whom the Prophet spake,

A great war took place be- tween Arthur and eleven kings, all of whom were slain. Having defeated his enemies he ruled over the kingdom wisely, estab- lishing order throughout the land, for since the death of Uther, lawlessness had become rampant. Meeting one day king Pellinore, he attacked him, and in the encounter their swords met with such force that the sword of king Arthur was broken in two pieces ; but in order to save his life — being now defenceless — Merlin cast an enchantment on Pellinore, and he fell to the earth in a deep sleep, and Arthur was borne away to a place of safety. After three days, when the king's wounds were healed, Arthur told Merlin he had no sword. So

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they rode till they came to a lake, and afar out in the midst of the lake, an arm clad in white samite rose from out the water and held up a fair sword. Then came the Lady of the Lake moving upon the water. ' Enter into yonder barge,' she said, * and row to the sword and take it ; ' whereupon the king rowed out in the middle of the lake and seized the sword. The weapon, which was called Excalibur, was possessed with magic power, and gave light equal to thirty torches ; and it was with this sword that he defeated all his enemies. He then began his career of con- quests. He is supposed to have fought and won twelve great battles over the Saxons, Picts and Scots ; the first was fought in Northumberland, by the river Glen ; the second, third, fourth and fifth were the four battles of the Duglas ; the sixth by the river Bassa ; the seventh in the wood Celidon ; the eighth at Castle Gurnion,

where Arthur bore the image of the Holy Vir- gin, Mother of God, upon his shoulders, and through the power of our Lord Jesus Christ, and the holy Mary, put the Saxons to flight, and pursued them the whole day with great slaughter.

Nennius : Six Chronicles.

It is however supposed to have been the head of the Virgin Mary engraven on the shield borne by Arthur.

and again

By castle Gurnion, where the glorious King Had on his cuirass worn our Lady's Head, Carved of one emerald center'd in a sun Of silver rays, that lighten'd as he breathed Lancelot and Elaine.

Athwart his brest a bauldrick brave he ware, That shind, like twinkling stars, with stones

most pretious rare. And in the midst thereof one pretious stone

Of wondrous worth, and eke of wondrous

mights,

Shapt like a Ladies head, exceeding shone, Like Hesperus amongst the lesser lights, And strove for to amaze the weaker sights :

Spenser : Faerie Queene, Book I. Canto vii. Amazement runs before the towering casque Of Arthur, bearing through the stormy field The virgin sculptured on his Christian shield :

Wordsworth : Ecclesiastical Sonnets, Part I. Stanza xr

The ninth battle was at Caerleon, or the c City of Legions ' ; the tenth by the river Trath Treroit, the eleventh near Agned Cathregonion, and the twelfth — the greatest vic- tory of all — near Badon HilL Some authorities consider his kingdom embraced Devon, Corn- wall and part of Wales ; others that it extended as far as the Orkneys, for we find that the king of those islands was married to Arthur's sister. Leodogran, king of Cameliard, then appealed to Arthur to assist him in clear- ing his kingdom of wild beasts and heathen hordes that swarmed from overseas . Arthur accepted the call and leading all his knighthood threw the

kings

Caradps, Urien, Cradlemont of Wales, Claudias and Clariance of Northumberland, The King Brandagoras of Latangor, With Anguisant of Erin, Morganore, And Lot of Orkney.

Meanwhile Arthur had fallen in love with king Leodogran's daughter, Guinevere, and from the battle-field sent three of his knights — Ulfius, Brastias and Bedivere — to Leodogran, sayings

'If I in aught have served thee well^ Give me thy daughter Guinevere to wife.'

but Leodogran, having heard of the suspicion attached to his birth hesitated, but eventually satisfy" ing himself gave his consent. The marriage was however delayed'

ART]

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[ART

as Arthur was compelled to enter upon a campaign abroad,with the result that Ireland and Iceland, as well as Norway and Gaul, were added to his conquests. Returning, he was married by Dubric the high priest, amid great splendour, to Guinevere at Game- lot, in the church of St . Stephen's .

St. Dubric went before Christ had chosen him. The Archbishop of London walked by his side And fifteen bishops chosen from many lands. They were all hung about with very rich cloth- ing

That was all embroidered with burnished gold.

Trumpets were blowing, bells were ringing,

Knights were riding, women forth gliding.

Kirtlan : Sir Gawain and the Green Knight.

Leodogran gave Arthur for a wedding present the famous Round Table with 100 knights, which tradition says is still pre- served at Winchester. Arthur then established his new Order, .known as the Knights of the Round Table, and made his knights swear to live lives of purest chastity, to love one maiden only, to redress human wrongs, and to reverence their ting as their conscience. To accommodate the magic table a magnificent castle was erected, in the centre of which was a banqueting hall.

' O brother, had you known our mighty hall, Which Merlin built for Arthur long ago ! For all the sacred mount of Camelot, And all the dim rich city, roof by roof. Tower after tower, spire beyond spire,

Holding a royal feast and Table Round at Camelot there came into the hall twelve men, ambassadors from Lucius, em- peror of Rome, demanding that Arthur should acknowledge him as his lord, and pay tribute as his predecessors had done. Arthur

met it with a counterclaim to the empire for himself as being the real representative of Con- stantine, and receiving promise of help from the knights and lords, held a Privy Council at York to make the necessary arrangements for his departure, and leaving his nephew sir Modred in charge of the king- dom, sailed from Sandwich in Kent. Arriving in Brittany he met the united forces of the Romans and Saracens, and in a great battle slew the emperor and his allies, the sowdan of Syria, and the kings of Egypt and Ethiopia, sent their bodies to the Senate at Rome, and marching over the Alps, through Lombardy and Tus- cany, arrived at Rome, where he was crowned king by the pope. After sojourning in Rome for a short time, a message was brought to him that his nephew Modred, whom he had left in charge of his kingdom, had traitorously proclaimed himself king, and had seized Guinevere and kept her a prisoner. With- out delay Arthur returned home, and landing at Dover was met by Modred, who being defeated fled with his forces to Winchester. Arthur pur- sued after him, and joined forces with him near the river Camel in Cornwall, where they fought all the day long. As night drew nigh, and some 100,000 lay dead upon the field, Arthur took his sword, held it

ART]

6l

[ART

with both hands, and ran to- wards sir Modred, calling out ' Death to thee, traitor ! ' ' pierced the helmet and the brainpan, and sir Modred fell stark dead to the earth. And the noble Arthur fell in a swoon to the earth.'

And uttering this the King Made rat the man; then Modred smote

his liege Hard on that helm which many a heathen

sword

Had beaten thin ; while Arthur at one blow, Striking the last stroke with Excalibur, Slew him, and all but slain himself, he fell.

Not one of sir Modred's men remained alive, and of Arthur's noble men, sir Bedivere alone had escaped. Finding his end drawing nigh, he commanded sir Bedivere to return his sword to the Lady of the Lake.

' But now delay not : take Excalibur, And fling him far into the middle mere : Watch what thou seest, and lightly bring me word.'

Twice did sir Bedivere go to the mere, and twice did his heart fail him, for instead of flinging the brand into the water he hid it in the waterflags about the marge. Returning to the dying king and being questioned as to what he had seen, replied :

' I heard the ripple washing in the reeds, And the wild water lapping on the crag.'

Perceiving the knight's decep- tion, Arthur in wrath com- manded him to fulfil his task :

' Unknightly, traitor-hearted ! Woe is me ! Authority forgets a dying king,

* * *

get thee hence :

But, if thou spare to fling Excalibur, I will arise and slay thee with my hands.'

whereupon the knight quickly rose, and going to the water side took the sword with both hands

and flung it in mid-stream, when an arm rose up from out of the lake, caught it, and it disappeared for ever :

Then quickly rose Sir Bedivere, and ran, And, leaping down the ridges lightly, plunged Among the bulrush beds, and clutch' d the

sword, And strongly wheel' d and threw it. The

great brand

Made lightnings in the splendour of the moon, And flashing round and round , and whirl'd in

an arch,

Shot like a streamer of the northern morn. Seen where the moving isles of winter shock By night, with noises of the Northern Sea. So flash'd and fell the brand Excalibur : But ere he dipt the surface, rose an arm Clothed in white samite, mystic, wonderful, And caught him by the hilt, and brandish'd

him Three times, and drew him under in the mere.

Returning again to the king he told him what he had seen, and taking the king upon his back, placed him in a barge in which were three queens — Queen Morgan le Fay ; the Queen of Northgales ; and the Queen of the Westerlands — who wept over him on account of his grievous wound. Elsdale in his Studies of the Idylls represents the three queens as Faith, Hope and Charity. Then sir Bedivere seeing his noble master about to leave him, asked permission to accompany him ;

Ah ! my Lord Arthur, whither shall I go ? Where shall I hide my forehead and my eyes ? For now I see the true old times are dead,

and Arthur slowly answered :

' The old order changeth, yielding place to-

new, And God fulfils Himself in many ways,

Comfort thyself : what comfort is in me ? I have lived my life, and that which I have- done

May He within Himself make pure ! but thou If thou shouldst never see my face again, Pray for my soul.

But now farewell. I am going a long way With these thou seest—

and the barge with oar and sail Moved from the brink,

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[ART

With the three mourning queens he passed up the Bristol Channel and hence

To the island-valley of Avilion : Where falls not hail, or rain, or any snow, Nor ever wind blows loudly ; but it lies Deep-meadow'd, happy, fair with orchard

lawns

And bowery hollows crown'd with summer sea, Where I will hea! me of my grievous wound.

And in the Palace of Art the .scene is pictured :

Or mythic Uther's deeply-wounded son In some fair space of sloping greens

Lay, dozing in the vale of Avalon, And watch'd by weeping queens.

According to tradition, king Arthur is not dead but rests in Glastonbury, ' till he shall come again, full twice as fair, to rule over his people.' Cervantes in Jiis Don Quixote says :

that he did not die, but that, by magic art, he was transformed into a raven : and that in process of time, he shall reign again, and recover his kingdom and sceptre ; for which reason it cannot be proved that, from time to time, any Englishman hath killed a raven.

Some authorities contend that the mystery of his grave remains unsolved, for

where is he who knows. From the great deep to the great deep he goes .

Sharon Turner in his History •of the Anglo-Saxons says :

In 1189 — in the reign of Henry II — the body of king Arthur was found in Glastonbury Abbey sixteen feet under the surface. It was found under a stone, bearing the inscrip- tion : Hie jacit sepultus inciltus rex Arthurus in Insula Avallonia. The body was crumbled to dust, but a lock of golden hair was^found, supposed to be that of his wife.

In the British Museum is a fifteenth century MS., contain- ing annals of the Cistercian Abbey of Meaux, and a chronicle of events connected with it from its establishment in 1150 to the reign of Henry VI. In this MS., occurs the following :

In the twenty- third year of king Henry, the bodies of Arthur, so'me time king of the Britons, and of Wenevere his wife, were found

at Glastonbury, between two stone pyramids formerly erected in the sacred cemetery. They were hidden by a hollow oak. lay about fifteen feet deep in the ground, and were distinguished by the most unmistakeable marks ; for Arthur's thigh-bone, when ex- amined, exceeded by three fingers in length the tallest man's thigh-bone that had ever been found, when measured down to the knee. Moreover, the space between his eye- brows was of the breadth of the palm of a man's hand.

King Arthur has been made the hero of many adventures by romancers and poets of the Middle Ages. The earliest legends are found in the Welsh Tales, the three Welsh poets, Taliesin, Aneurin and Llywarch Hen being the first to celebrate his deeds. In the twelfth cen- tury Geoffrey of Monmouth introduced the legends into his Latin History of the Britons. In 1196 archdeacon Map intro- duced the legend of the Quest of the Holy Grail, and in 1485 sir Thomas Malory published his Morte d' 'Arthur. It is from this work that Tennyson de- rived most of the incidents narrated in his Idylls of the King, and his Morte d? Arthur. Spencer introduced Arthur in his Faerie Queene, and-Blackwood wrote two epics, and Dryden produced a dramatic opera entitled King Arthur. Later sir Walter Scott edited the old romance of Sir Tristram, and in 1838 lady Charlotte Guest published a translation of the mediaeval Welsh tales, known as the Mabinogion. It is from the latter work that Tennyson derived his characters for his Idyll of Geraint and Enid.

Morte d' Arthur ; Coming

ARU]

[ASH

of Arthur ; Gareth and Lynette ; Marriage of Ger- aint ; Geraint and Enid ; Balin and Balan ; Merlin and Vivien ; Lancelot and Elaine ; Holy Grail ; Pel- leas and Ettarre ; Last Tournament ; Guinevere ; Passing of Arthur ; Becket ; Merlin and the Gleam.

ARUNDEL (Thomas).

Archbishop of Canterbury. Became bishop of Ely when only twenty-one years of age, and was Lord Chancellor five times under Richard II and . Henry IV. In 1388 he was created archbishop of York, and translated to Canterbury in 1396; banished for conspiracy against Richard II in 1397, but returned to crown Henry IV in 1399. He was a vigorous persecutor of the Wicldiffites (1353-1414).

Sir John Oldcastle, Lord Cobham.

ARVIRAGUS.

Younger son of Cymbeline, a king of Britain from the time of the invasion of Claudius to the reign of Vespasian. Upon the arrival of Joseph of Ari- mathaea(<7.z/.) Arviragus gave him permission to settle, and pre- sented him with land upon which to erect a church.

' From our old books I know That Joseph came of old to Glastonbury, And there the heathen Prince, Arviragus, Gave him an isle of march whereon to build ; And there he built with wattles from the

marsh A little lonely church in days of yore.'

Arviragus is one of the char-

acters in Shakespeare's Cym- beline.

Holy Grail. ASAPH.

The Levite, chief musician to king David. Considered to have been the founder of a guild of singers in the second Temple.

I have built the Lord a house — sing

Asaph ! clash The cymbal, Heman ! blow the trumpet,

priest ! Fall, cloud, and fill the house — lo ! my

two pillars, Jachim and Boaz !

Harold. ASCALON.

A city of the Philistines. The Egyptian army, sent by the Sultan of Egypt to recapture Jerusalem, was defeated near this town by the Crusaders under Godfrey of Bouillon, August 12, 1099. Recaptured by the Moslems, it was retaken in 1157 by Baldwin III, and in 1192 was the scene of a great victory gained by the Christians under Richard I, over the Saracen army under Saladin. Its forti- fications were demolished by the Sultan Bibars, in 1270.

The Princess. ASH.

ASHTREE.

A genus of trees of the Olive family.

Amphion ; The Princess ; In Memoriam ; Harold ; The Foresters ; Promise of May.

ASHRIDGE.

Gardiner. I think she means to counsel

your withdrawing To Ashridge, or some other country house.

P Elizabeth. 'Tis mine own wish fulfill* d before the word

ASI]

64

[ASS

Was spoken, for in truth I had meant to crave Permission of Her Highness to retire To Ashridge,

Ashridge House, in Bucking- hamshire, was founded in 1 22 1 by Edmund, earl of Cornwall, a grandson of king John, for an order of friars, called Bonhommes. After the dissolution of the monasteries it was given to the princess Elizabeth by her brother, Ed- ward VI, after whose death she continued to occupy it during the reign of Mary, and after her retirement from court made it her permanent resi- dence until she was suspected of conniving at sir Thomas Wyatt's rebellion, when she was removed to the Tower.

Queen Mary.

ASIA.

Locksley Hall Sixty Tears After.

ASMODEUS.

Devils pluck' d my sleeve, Abaddon and Asmodeus caught at me.

The angel of the bottomless

pit.

St. Simeon Stylites.

ASP ASIA.

The most accomplished woman in Athens during the government of that city by Pericles, whose mistress she was. When Pericles was deposed from the office of General in 430 B.C. Aspasia was, by the poet Hermippus, charged with im- piety and brought to trial, but the pleading of Pericles pro- cured her acquittal, and subse-

quently a decree was passed legitimizing her son.

The Princess. ASPEN.

ASPEN-TREE.

A species of the poplar ; the trembling poplar.

Lady of Shalott ; A Fare- well ; Lancelot and, Elaine.

ASPHODEL.

A plant of the lily species. (Enone, Lotos-Eaters, Demeter

and Persephone. ASPICK.

A venomous serpent.

Dream of Fair Women.

ASS.

A well-known quadruped of the horse family.

'The Princess ; Last Tourna- ment; Queen Mary.

ASSAYE.

Against the myriads of Assaye Clash'd with his fiery few and won ;

A small town in the Deccan, India. Here Wellington, with an army of 4,500 English and Sepoy troops defeated the Mah- ratta army, consisting of 30,000 men, on August 23, 1803.

Ode on the death of the Duke of Wellington.

ASSYRIAN BULL.

That oil'd and curl'd Assyrian Bull Smelling of musk and of insolence, Her brother,

Maud's brother, with his well-oil'd and groomed curly hair, and his dignified manner, is represented here by the Assyrian Bull, human-headed winged lions and bulls, sculp-

AST]

[ATH

tured in stone as found among Assyrian antiquities.

Maud.

ASTOLAT.

According to Malory, the town of Guildford in Surrey, thirty miles south-west of Lon- don, and situated on the river Wey ; a tributary of the Thames.

And then he rode so much until he came

to Astolat, that is Gilford. Malory: Morte d' Arthur, Book XVIII. chap.

ix.

It was the home of Elaine e the lily maid of Astolat.' Lancelot and Elaine.

ASTIUEAN.

The second-sight of some Astraean age,

Astraea, which means * star- bright ' was a daughter of Astraeus and Eos, or, according to another account, of Zeus and Themis. She lived among men on earth during the golden age, and in the brazen age was the last to withdraw into the sky, where she shines as the constellation of Virgo. Should the golden age ever return it is believed she will re-establish her home on earth again. Many poets make reference to this theory, but the best known is Dry den's Astra a Redux.

The Princess.

ATHELING (Edgar). See Edgar (the Atheling).

ATHELING (Edmund). See Edmund Atheling.

ATHELSTAN.

King of the Mercians and West- Saxons, and afterwards of

all the English. Son of Ed- ward the Elder and grandson of Alfred the Great. Defeated the Welsh of Devonshire, Corn- wall and Wales, and in 937 in a decisive battle defeated the Welsh, Scots and Danes at Brunanburh. He died at Gloucester in 940, and was buried at Malmesbury (895-940) ,

ATHELSTAN King, Lord among Earls, Bracelet-bestower and Baron of Barons, He with his brother, Edmund Atheling, Gaining a lifelong Glory in battle, Slew with the sword-edge There by Brunanburh,

Battle of Brunanburh ;

Harold.

ATHENE (Pallas). See Pallas, Pallas Athene.

ATHENS.

Capital of the kingdom of Greece.

Freedom . ATHOS.

Signifies 'Holy Hill.' A mountain in the peninsula of Salonica, 6,780 feet high. It is celebrated for its twenty large monasteries, built during the ninth and tenth centuries, the first of which is said to have been founded by the empress Helena. The roofs of these monastic buildings sparkle with hues of bronze and purple and gold, and present a very pic- turesque appearance. There are many legends connected with the mountain.

To E. L.

ATL]

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[AUR

ATLANTIC.

The Atlantic Ocean.

Third of February ; The Princess ; Columbus. AUBREY (Ellen). See Ellen, Ellen Aubrey .

AUDLEY. AUDLEY COURT.

' Let us picnic there At Audley Court.'

I spoke, while Audley feast Humm'd like a hive all round the narrow quay.

A place-name in the poem entitled Audley Court. The poem was suggested by Abbey Park, at Torquay.

Audley Court. AUGUSTINE.

One of the fathers of the early Church. In 371 he was sent to Carthage, where he became a convert to the Manichaeans, and taught rhetoric with great reputation, and on his return to Rome was appointed its professor at Milan. Here the sermons of St. Ambrose effected his conversion, and renouncing his heretical opinions he was baptized, 387. Returning to Africa he was ordained a priest, and subsequently became coad- jutor of Valerius, bishop of Hippo, and afterwards his suc- cessor. In the church of All Saints, Trull, Somerset, there is a fifteenth century oak pulpit, richly carved. On the pulpit are five figures, one of which represents Augustine of Hippo (354-430). Columbus.

AURELIAN.

Lucius Domitius Aurelian, son of a peasant of Pannonia,

was elected emperor of Rome 270 A.D., and rendered himself famous for his military char- acter ; drove the barbarians out of Italy ; defeated Zenobia, queen of Palmyra, and carried her captive to Rome. After a reign of six years, as he was on his way to crush a rebellion in Persia, he was assassinated near Byzantium by his troops, A.D. 275.

with the Palmyrene

That fought Aurelian, and the Roman brows Of Agrippina.

The Princess. AURELIUS.

Elder brother of Uther the pendragon and reigned before him. In Latin he is called Ambrosius. He was the uncle of king Arthur. In 457 he defeated the Saxons who had been invited over by Vortigern, and beheaded Hengist (q.v) ; and by the aid of his magician Merlin, brought the great stones known as the ' Giant's Dance ' from Kildare to Salisbury Plain where he erected them as a monument to the 460 British chiefs who had been treacher ously slain by Hengist. It is said that upon his death there appeared in the sky a large comet which issued two long and brilliant rays, together with a fairy form like a dragon.

For first Aurelius lived and fought and died, And after him King Uther fought and died, But either fail'd to make the kingdom one.

Coming of Arthur ; Gareth and Lynette. AURICULA.

A species of primrose, called

!

AUS]

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[AYL

also, from the shape of its leaves, bear's ear.

City Child.

AUSONIAN.

stay'd the Ausonian king to hear Of wisdom and of law.

Ausonia was the name of Campania, a province of Italy, during its occupation by the Oscans and Etruscans in the eleventh century.

Palace of Art.

AUSTIN (Augustine).

Did not Great Gregory bid St. Austin here Found two archbishopricks, London and York?

Prior of the Benedictine mon- astery of St. Andrew, Rome ; sent by pope Gregory I in 596 with forty other monks as a missionary to England. Land- ing on the Isle of Thanet the missionaries were kindly re- ceived by Ethelbert, king of Kent, who subsequently became a convert to Christianity. Founded the See of Canterbury, and became its first archbishop. Becket.

AVALON— AVILION.

Avalon or Avilion is supposed to have been an island in the neighbourhood of Glastonbury in Somersetshire, where Joseph of Arimathaea is said to have first landed with his boat with the Holy Grail. It was to this island that king Arthur went to be healed of his wounds, which he had received in the last weird battle in the west.

'if indeed?! go

(For all my mind is clouded with a doubt) — To the island-valley of Avilion ;

Where falls not hail, or rain, or any snow; Nor ever wind blows loudly : but it lies Deep-meadow'd, happy, fair with orchard

lawns And bowery hollows crown'd with summer

sea, Where I will heal me of my grievous wound.'

The word means * Apple-green Island ' and it has been de- scribed as the ' Island of the blest, upon which Glastonbury stood.'

O three times famous Isle, where is that place that might

Be with thy self compar'd for glory and de- light,

Whilst Glastonbury stood?

Drayton : Polyolbion, Third Song.

Palace of Art; Morte d* Arthur ; Gareth and Lynette ; Passing of Arthur.

AYE MARY. See Mary.

AVERILL.

The Rector of the parish in which Aylmer's Hall, the resi- dence of sir Aylmer Aylmer (q.v.) was situated. On the death of Edith, the daughter of sir Aylmer, he was asked to preach the funeral sermon, and taking for his text * Behold, your house is left unto you desolate ' he denounced the pride and self-seeking of the Aylmer parents.

Aylmer's Field.

AVILION. See Avalon.

AYLMER.

Sir Aylmer Aylmer was a country squire, and was looked upon as the supreme authority in the village in which he resided.

SIR AYLMER AYLMER, that almighty man, The county God — in whose capacious hall, Hung with a hundred shields, the family tree Sprang from the midriti of a prostrate king —

AYL]

68

[AYL

His wife, lady Aylmer, had in her young days been a lady of superior beauty and attrac- tion, but with advancing years had lost some of her good looks.

His wife, a faded beauty of the Baths, Insipid as the Queen upon a card ; Her all of thought and bearing hardly more Than his own shadow in a^sickly sun.

They had one daughter, Edith, heiress of their wealth and name, and a favourite in the parish, and sir Alymer's ambition was, that the man who married her should adopt the name of Aylmer in order that the family name may not become extinct.

His only child, his Edith, whom he loved

As heiress and not heir regretfully?

But ' he tha t marries her marries. her'name.'

The Rector of the parish in which Aylmer hall was situated was named Averill, whose family was on intimate terms with the Aylmers, three generations of each family having followed one another at the rectory and the hall respectively.

Where Aylmer followed Aylmer at the Hall And Averill Averill at the Rectory Thrice over : so that Rectory and Hall, Bound in an immemorial intimacy, Were open to each other:

Edith was in love with Leolin — a barrister — brother of the rector, who, during the vaca- tions, used to come and stay with his brother at the rectory. On the other hand an Indian kinsman came to visit the Aylmers and made presents to Edith, among them being a jewelled dagger; but as Edith did not care neither for the dagger nor the donor she passed it on to Leolin. Owing to

the gossip in the village sir Aylmer's eyes were opened to the lovemaking between his daughter and Leolin, with the result that Leolin was forbidden to enter his house, and Edith was kept close at home.

' Boy, should I find you by my doors again, My men shall lash you from them like a dog ; Hence ! ' with a sudden execration drove The footstool from before him ; and arose :

A clandestine correspondence was however carried on, and this being discovered was stopped, and Edith was more closely confined, with the result that she lost her health and eventually succumbed to an attack of fever. When Leolin learned the news he stabbed himself with the dagger that Edith had given him.

The second day

My lady's Indian kinsman rushing in, A breaker of the bitter news from home, Found a dead man , a letter edged with death Beside him ; and the dagger which himself Gave Edith, redden'd with no bandit's blood : ' From Edith ' was engraven on the blade.

On the Sunday following Edith's death, the rector of the parish was asked to preach her funeral sermon, and taking for his text * Behold your house is left unto you desolate,' he denounced the pride of the Aylmer parents.

Long o'er his bent brows linger'd Averill' His face magnetic to the hand from which Livid he pluck'd it forth, and labour'd thro* His brief prayer- prelude, gave the verse

'Behold,

Your house is left unto you desolate ! ' But lapsed into so long a pause again As half amazed half frighted all his flock':n

In a fainting condition lady Aylmer was carried out of church, followed by her hus- band, amid the frowns of the congregation.

AYL]

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[BAB

While thus he spoke, his hearers wept ; but

some,

Sons of the glebe, with other frowns than those That knit themselves for summer shadow,

scowl'd At their great lord.

Neither of them entered the church again, for in the course of a month lady Aylmer died.

But nevermore did either pass the gate Save under pall with bearers. In one month, Thro' weary and yet ever wearier hours, The childless mother went to seek her child .

Sir Aylmer became an im- becile and two years later was laid beside his wife and daughter ; the hall was demolished and its place became the haunt of the mole and hedgehog, the slow-worm and the weasel.

his own head

Began to droop, to fall ; the man became Imbecile ; his one word was ' desolate ; ' Dead for two years before his death was he ; But when the second Christmas came, escaped His keepers, and the silence which he felt, To find a deeper in the narrow gloom By wife and child.

• «. • *

Then the great Hall was wholly broken down, And the broad woodland parcel!' d into farms : And where the two contrived their daughter's

good, Lies the hawk's cast, the mole has made his

run,

The hedgehog underneath the plantain bores, The rabbit fondles his own harmless face, The slow-worm creeps, and the thin weasel

there Follows the mouse, and all is open field.

Aylmer's Field.

AYLMER-AVERILL.

A combination of the names of Aylmer and Averill ; Aylmer being the family name of the pompous squire, and Averill the name of the rector of the parish in which Aylmer hall was situated.

Where Aylmer followed Aylmer at the Hall And Averill Averill at the Rectory Thrice over ; so that Rectory and Hal], Bound in an immemorial intimacy, Were open to each other ;

In years gone by an Aylmer liad married an Averill.

There was an Aylmer-Averill marriage once, When the red rose was redder than itself.

Aylmer's Field. AZORES.

A group of nine volcanic islands in the Atlantic of which Flo res is one. It was near these islands that sir Richard Gren- ville (q.v.) in the reign of queen Elizabeth was attacked by the Spanish Fleet.

The Revenge. AZRAEL.

I saw thee fall before me, and then Me too the black- wing' d Azrael overcame, But Death had ears and eyes ;

The Angel of Death. Ac- cording to Mahomet the angel appointed to inflict the death penalty on all unbelievers.

Akbar's Dream. BAAL.

The principal god of the Ca- naanites and Phoenicians. In Biblical times the priests, in honour of their god, cut them- selves with knives. I Kings xviii. 28.

Aylmer' }s Field ; Becket.

BABEL.

till a clamour grew

As of a new-world Babel, woman-built And worse-confounded :

Signifies confusion. Has re- ference to the building of the tower of Babel. Genesis xi. 1-9.

The Princess. BABYLON.

Sea Dreams ; Sir John Old- castle, Lord Cobham ; The Dawn.

BABYLONIAN WALL.

and she The foundress of the Babylonian wall,

Semiramis, wife of Ninus,

BAG]

[BAL

king of Assyria and the founder of Nineveh. She was the daughter of Derceto, the Syrian fish-goddess, and married Onnes one of Ninus' generals ; but after her heroic capture of Bactra, the king married her, and Onnes committed suicide. After Ninus' death she ruled and founded many cities, in- cluding the city of Babylon. After reigning forty-two years she abdicated in favour of her son and ascended to heaven in the form of a dove.

The Princess. BACCHANAL.

Then those who led the van, and those in rear, Rush'd into dance, and like wild Bacchanals Fled onward to the steeple in the woods :

==A noisy or riotous person. Lover's Tale. BACCHANTE.

Cassandra, Hebe, Joan, Or spinning at your wheel beside the vine — Bacchante, what you will ;

=A female disciple of Bacchus. Romney's Remorse.

BACCHUS.

In Roman mythology the god of wine, son of Zeus and Semele.

Dream of Fair Women.

BACON (Lord). See Verulam.

BADGER.

A burrowing nocturnal BAILEY-GATE.

animal.

Holy Grail ; The Foresters.

of all his victories, it being computed that ' nine hundred and sixty men fell before Arthur's single onset.'

' and on the mount Of Badon I myself beheld the King Charge at the head of all his Table Round, And all his legions crying Christ and him, And break them ; and I saw him, after, stand High on a heap of slain, from spur to plume Red as the rising sun with heathen blood,'

The locality of Badon has been a matter of dispute. It has been identified with Badon Hill, in Linlithgow, but is now generally thought to be Brad- bury Hill, in Dorset.

Lancelot and Elaine.

BAGDAT.

or Bagdad, on the river Tigris, was founded in 762 to be the capital of the Caliphate. Under Haroun Alraschid (q.v.) it became famous as a seat of learning, and contained over 100 mosques, the domes and minarets of which were orna- mented with glazed tiles in green and white.

By Bagdat's shrines of fretted gold, High- walled gardens green and old ; True Mussulman was I and sworn.

For it was in the golden prime

Of good Haroun Alraschid.

Recollections of the Arabian Nights.

BAGENHALL. See Ralph, Ralph Bagenhall.

BADON.

The twelfth great battle of king Arthur with the Saxons was fought near Badon Hill, 520 A.D. It was the greatest

Storm at the Water-gate ! storm at the Bailey gate ! storm.

Defence of Lucknow. BALA.

A Welsh lake, out of which flows the river Dee. The south-west wind blows from end to end of the lake, and as

BAL]

[BAL

it drives the water to north-east it fills the river.

As the south-west that blowing Bala lake Fills all the sacred Dee.

Geraint and, Enid,. BAL AN.

A Knight of the Round Table ; brother of Balin (q.v.) Balin and Balan.

BALE (John).

Bishop of Ossory. Born in Suffolk, and educated at a Carmelite monastery, Norwich, and Jesus College, Cambridge, he became a convert from popery. In 1540, on the fall of Cromwell, he fled to Ger- many, but in 1547 was recalled by Edward VI, made rector of Swaffam in 1551, and two years later bishop of Ossory. On the accession of Mary he fled to Basle, where he lived until 1559, but returned in the reign of Elizabeth, and was made a prebendary of Canter- bury. He wrote the first literary history of England, and in 1849 his select works were published by the Parker

Society (1495-1 563)-

Queen Mary.

BALIN.

A knight of the Round Table called 'The Savage.' He was a Northumberland knight and being taken captive by king Arthur, was imprisoned for six months. When he was released, a damsel came to Camelot girded with a sword, and told the king that no one tainted with 'treachery' could draw

it. King Arthur and all his knights tried and failed, but sir Balin drew it easily. The damsel begged for the sword but Balin refused, whereupon she said that it would be a plague to him, for with it he would slay his best friend, and would also prove his own death. The Lady of the Lake next demanded the sword, but Balin cut off her head with it and he was banished from court. Going one day to a castle to joust, he met a knight in red, accom- panied with a shield, and rode forth to meet him. So fierce was the encounter that both the combatants were wounded, each living long enough to learn that his antagonist was none other than his brother.

' O brother,' answered Balin, ' woe is me ! My madness all thy life has been thy doom, Thy curse, and darken' d all thy day ; and now The night has come. I scarce can see thee

now. Goodnight ! for we shall never bid again

goodmorrow —

* * *

Goodnight, true brother.

Balan answer'd low, ' Goodnight, true brother here ! goodmorrow

there !

We two were born together, and we die Together by one doom : ' and while he spoke. Closed his death-drowsing eyes, and slept the

With Balin, either lock'd in cither's arm.

Thus was fulfilled the dam- sel's prophecy. Merlin buried the two brothers in one tomb, and

' the scabbard of Balin's sword Merlin left it on this side the island that Galahad should find it,' also he put ' Balin's sword in a marble stone standing upright as great as a millstone, and the stone hoved always above the water, and did many years, and so by adventure it swam down the stream to the city of Camelot, that is in English Winchester.' Malory : Morte (F Arthur, Book II. chap. xix.

Balin and Balan.

BAL] 72

BALLIOL

A college at Oxford founded in 1263 by John de Baliol father of John de Baliol king of Scotland.

To the Master of Balliol.

BALM-CRICKET.

A cicada. A Dirge.

BALTIC.

O shaker of the Baltic and the Nile,

Has reference to Lord Nel- son's victory at the battle of Copenhagen, April 2, 1801.

Ode on the Death of the Duke of Wellington.

BALTIC (Sea).

Maud. BAMBOO.

A gigantic Indian reed or grass, with hollow jointed stem, which are used for poles, walking sticks, etc.

To Ulysses. BARA.

A Welsh word meaning 6 bread.'

Sir John Oldcastle,

Lord Cobham. BARABBAS.

Why should this Rome, this Rome, Still choose Barabbas rather than the Christ.

Becket.

BARBARIAN.

Till that o'ergrown Barbarian in the East Transgress his ample bound to some new crown : —

= Russia.

Poland.

BARBAROSSA.

Surname of Frederick I, emperor of the Holy Roman Empire. Succeeded his father duke Frederick II of Swabia in 1147, and his uncle Conrad III as emperor in 1152. The

[BAR

great struggle of his reign was with Lombardy. Honorius III prepared to support the Lom- bardy cities, and Gregory IX began the struggle between the papacy and the emperor.

I, true son

Of Holy Church — no croucher to the Gregories That tread the kings their children under-

heel—

Must curb her, and the Holy Father, while This Barbarossa butts him from his chair.

Died in 1190 in the crusade against Saladin (1123-1190). Becket. BARCELONA.

At Barcelona — tho* you were not then

So bearded. Yes. The city deck'd herself

To meet me, roar'd my name ; the king, the

queen

Bad me be seated, speak, and tell them all The story of my voyage,

A seaport and capital of the province of Barcelona. On his return from his first voyage Columbus arrived at Barcelona, where every preparation had been made to give him an en- thusiastic reception, and where Ferdinand and Isabella, seated under a rich canopy, awaited his arrival. As Columbus ap- proached the king and queen rose from their seats, and Columbus falling on his knees requested to kiss their hands. The sovereigns however ordered him to seat himself in their presence, and at their request Columbus gave an account of the voyage and a description of the land he had discovered. Columbus.

BARLOW (William).

A native of Essex, canon of St. Osith monastery Essex, and afterwards prior of the canons at Bisham. Appointed bishop

BAR]

73

[BAY

of London, 1509, and bishop of St. Asaph, 1535, being transferred to St. David's in the following year. In 154? he was translated to Bath and Wells, and became a zealous preacher of the reformed faith. On the accession of Mary he was deprived of his bishopric, and committed to the Tower, but escaping, fled to Germany.

our Bishops from their sees Or fled, they say, or flying — Poinet, Barlow, Bale, Scory, Coverdale ;

Elizabeth having succeeded, he returned, was created bishop of Chichester, 1559, and in 1560 prebendary of West- minster, and died the same year. Queen Mary.

BARTON (Elizabeth). See Joan of Kent.

BASILISK.

A fabulous creature, resem- bling a dragon.

Holy Grail. BASLE.

A city in the north-west of Switzerland. Was a centre of influence in Reformation times, and for several years the home of Erasmus.

To Strasburg, Antwerp, Frankfort, Zurich, Worms, Geneva, Basle — our Bishops from their sees Or fled, they say, or flying —

Queen Mary. BASS A.

Supposed to mean Bashall Brook, which joins the river Ribble near Clitheroe, in Lan- cashire. It was the scene of king Arthur's sixth victory over the Saxons.

Lancelot and Elaine.

BAT.

An animal with a body like a mouse, but which flies on wings attached mainly to its fore-feet.

Mariana ; T. 'he Princess ;

In Memoriam ; Maud ;

Balin and Balan ; Despair ;

The Foresters.

BATHS.

His wife a faded beauty of the Baths,

=Lady Aylmer. Had for- merly been a belle at the fashionable watering-places, but had now lost her good looks. Aylmer 9s Field.

BATHS, THE.

The Baths, the Forum gabbled of his death,

In great cities of the Roman Empire the Baths were popular lounges where amusements were provided for the people ; con- sequently centre of gossip.

St. Telemachus.

BATTLE-TWIG.

=an earwig.

Spinster's Sweet-Arts. BAY.

=the laurel-tree.

Garetb and Lynette ; Poets and their Bibliographies.

BAYEUX.

An ancient city of Normandy. The ancient cathedral in Gothic said to be the oldest in Nor- mandy, was rebuilt, after a fire, by William the Conqueror in 1077, but the present structure dates mainly from 1106 to the thirteenth century. Bayeux is noted for its celebrated tapestry, preserved in the Bayeux public

BEA]

74

[BED

library. It is 230 feet long, by 20 inches wide, worked in coloured worsted, and divided into seventy-two scenes con- nected with the life of William the Conqueror. It is con- sidered to have been the work of queen Matilda. William's half-brother, Odo, was ap- pointed bishop of Bayeux in 1048, a see which he held for fifty years. Harold.

BEAR.

=an animal of many varieties.

The Princess ; Coming of

Arthur ; Pelleas and

Ettarre ; Harold, ; Becket.

BEAR.

A constellation of seven stars in the northern hemisphere, called also the Plough, the Wagon, and Charles's Wain. In Welsh it is called the Chariot of Arthur, as the name Arthur originally denoted a Bear ; while the Round Table was suggested by the movement of the con- stellation round the pole star.

Now poring on the glow-worm, now the star, I paced the terrace, till the Bear had wheel'd Thro' a great arc his seven slow suns.

The Princess, iv. and thro' the gap

The seven clear stars of Arthur's Table Round — Holy Grail.

1 'he Princess. BECKET (Gilbert). See Gilbert

Becket. BECKET (Thomas). See Thomas,

Thomas Becket. BEDINGFIELD (Henry). See

Henry Bedingfield. BEDIVERE.

The first made and the latest

left of all the Knights of the

Round Table. He is described as the ' bold sir Bedivere,y being always ready to defend king Arthur's right to the throne.

For bold in heart and act and word was he, Whenever slander breathed against the King —

He was one of the three knights sent by king Arthur to king Leodogran, to ask for the hand of his daughter Guinevere ; and in the last weird battle in the west the only knight of Arthur's who escaped alive. When Arthur lay dying he commanded sir Bedivere to return his sword Excalibur to the Lady of the Lake.

'But now delay not: take Excalibur, And fling him far into the middle mere : Watch what thou seest, and lightly bring me word.'

Twice did sir Bedivere go to the pool and twice did his heart fail him, for thinking it a pity to throw away so valuable a weapon he hid it among the waterflags about the marge. Returning to the dying king and being questioned as to what he had seen he replied :

' I heard the ripple washing in the reeds, And the wild water lapping on the crag.'

but the dying monarch detect- ing the knight's deception, threateningly commanded him to fulfil his wishes.

' Unknightly, traitor-hearted ! Woe is me ! Authority forgets a dying king,

get thee hence :

Bat, if thou spare to fling Excalibur, I will arise and slay thee with my hands.'

whereupon the knight rose, and going down to the mere, clutch'd the sword and threw it in the water.

BEE]

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[BEL

But ere it dipt the surface, rose an arm Clothed in white samite, mystic, wonderful, And caught him by the hilt, and brandish'd

him Three times, and drew him under in the mere.

Returning to the king sir Bedivere told him what he had seen, and taking the king upon his back went to the water- side and placed him in a barge in which were three queens, all of whom wept. Rowing from the land sir Bedivere cried :

' Ah, my lord Arthur, what shall become of me now ye go from me, and leave me here alone among thine enemies. Comfort thy- self, said the king, and do as well as thpu mayest, for in me is no trust for to trust in. For I will into the vale of Avilion, to heal me of my grievous wound. And if thou hear never more of me, pray for my soul.'

Malory : Morte d' Arthur, Book XXI. chap. v.

And as soon as the bold sir Bedivere lost sight of the barge he wept, and taking to the forest became a hermit.

Morte d7 Arthur ; Coming of Arthur ; Passing of Arthur.

BEE.

A four-winged insect that makes honey.

Claribel ; A Dirge ; Eleanor e ; Two Voices ; (Enone ; Amphion ; A Farewell ; Enoch Arden ; The Princess ; Northern Farmer, New Style ; The Window ; Lancelot and Elaine ; Holy Grail ; An- dent Sage ; Fastness ; Pro- gress of Spring ; Romney's Remorse.

BEEA.

=Bee.

Northern Cobbler.

BEECH.

A tree with smooth silvery- looking bark.

On a Mourner ; Talking Oak ; In Memoriam ; Progress of Spring; Edwin Morris ; Amphion ; The Brook ; Prologue to General Hamley ; The Cup.

BEELZEBUB.

The Foresters. BEETLE.

An insect, having four wings, the outer pair being stiff cases for covering the others when they are folded up.

Claribel. BEL.

The British god of the under- world.

Boddicea. BELLEROPHON.

Name of a horse.

The Brook. BELLICENT.

Daughter of Gorlois, duke of Cornwall, and his wife Ygerne. As a widow married Uther the pendragon, and was therefore the mother of Arthur. Tenny- son says that she was the wife of Lot, king of Orkney, and mother of Gawain and Modred :

there came to Cameliard, With Gawain and young Modred, her two sons, Lot's wife, the Queen of Orkney, Bellicent ;

Geoffrey of Monmouth says ' that Lot's wife was Anne, the sister of Arthur ; ' but Malory, in his Morte d? Arthur, says : ' And king Lot of Lothian and of Orkney then wedded Mar- gawse that was Gawaine's

BEN]

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[BER

mother : and king Nentres of the land of Garlot wedded Elaine.'

Coming of Arthur ; Gareth and Lynette. BENEDICT.

Founder of the religious order of the Benedictines. Born at Nursia of wealthy parents, he became convinced of the necessity of leading a life of meditation and prayer, and lived for three years as a hermit. Appointed abbot of the monas- tery of Vicovaro, he left it on account of the rules not being severe enough and founded the monastery of Monte Cassino, near Naples (480-543).

Btcktt. BENGAL.

A presidency of British India. The Brook.

BERKELEY (Maurice). See Maurice, Maurice Berkeley.

BERKHAMSTEAD.

A castle erected by the Saxons, but in the time of Henry I was ordered to be razed to the ground. It is probable, however, that the demolition was only partial, as we find it some years later fitted up as a royal residence. In the twelfth century it was given to Thomas Becket, arch- bishop of Canterbury, by Henry II, and since was granted by the Crown from time to time to various noble families, until the time of Edward III, when it descended from the Crown to

the successive Princes of Wales as heirs apparent to the throne and possessors of the dukedom of Cornwall. Becket.

BERKSHIRE.

and as now Men weed the white horse on the Berkshire

hills To keep him bright and clean as heretofore,

The figure of the White Horse on the Berkshire Hills is said to have been executed by king Alfred to celebrate his victory over the Danes at Ashdown in 871. The figure, which is 374 feet long, can be seen at a distance of fifteen miles, and is formed by cutting away the turf and leaving the chalk bare. A ceremony called the 4 Scouring of the White Horse ' was formerly held once a year ; and for this purpose it was customary for the neighbouring inhabitants to assemble with picks and shovels, and after they had rendered more distinct the form of the horse, were enter- tained by the lord of the manor.

The owld White Harse wants zettin to rights,

And the Squire hev promised good cheer, Zo we'll gee un a scrape to kip un in shape,

And a'll last for many a year. A was made a lang lang time ago

Wi' a good dale o' labour and pains, By King Alferd the Great when he spwiled their consate

And caddled thay wosbirds the Danes. The Bleawin Stwun in days gone by

Wur King Alferd's bugle harn, And the tharnin tree you med plainly zee

As is called King Alferd's tharn. There'll be backsword play, and climmin the powl,

And a race for a peg, and a cheese, And us thenks as hisn's a dummell zowl

As dwont care for zich spwoorts as theze. Hughes : Scouring of the White Horse.

The festival, which concluded their labours, included horse- racing, foot-races, backsword- play, and other old English

BER]

77

[BEV

games, and prizes were distri- buted to the successful com- petitors. The ceremony was suspended in 1780, only, how- ever, to be renewed with great pomp in 1857. Appended is a copy of the hand-bills an- nouncing the ceremony for the years 1776 and 1857 ; from The Scouring of the White Horse, by Hughes.

WHITE HORSE HILL, BERKS, 1776.

' The scowering and cleansing of the White Horse is fixed for Monday the 27th day of May ; on which day a Silver Cup will be run for near White Horse Hill, by any horse, etc., that never run for anything, carrying n stone, the best of 3 two-mile heats, to start at ten o'clock. 4 Between the heats will be run for by Poneys, a Saddle, Bridle and Whip ; the best of 3 two- mile heats, the winner of 2 heats will be en- titled to the Saddle, the second best the Bridle, and the third the Whip.

' The same time a Thill harness will be run for by Cart-horses, etc., in their harness and bells, the carters to ride in smock frocks without saddles, crossing and jostling, but no whipping allowed.

' A flitch of Bacon to be run for by asses.

' A good Hat to be run for by men in sacks, every man to bring his own sack.

' A Waistcoat, xos. 6d. value, to be given to the person who shall take a bullet out of a tub of flour with his mouth in the shortest time.

' A Cheese to be run for down the White Horse Manger.

' Smocks to be run for by ladies, the second best of each prize to be entitled to a Silk Hat.

' Cudgel-playing for a gold-laced Hat and a pair of buckskin Breeches, and Wrestling for a pair of silver Buckles and a pair of pumps.

4 The horses to be on the White Horse Hill by nine o'clock.

' No less than four horses, etc. or asses to start for any of the above prizes.' PASTIMF,

To be held on the occasion of the Scouring of the White Horse, September 17 and 18, 1857.

At a meeting held at the Craven Arms, Uf- fington, on the 2oth day of August, 1857, the following resolutions (amongst others) were passed unanimously : —

First. That a pastime be held on the Whit* Horse Hill, on Thursday and Friday, the I7th and i8th of September, in accord- ance with the old custom at the time of ' The Scouring of the Horse.'

2dly. That E. Martin Atkins, Esq., of Kingston Lisle, be appointed Treasurer.

3dly. That prizes be awarded for the fol- ing games and sports, That is to say —

A jingling match. Foot races. Hurdle races.

Race of cart-horses in Thill harness (for a new set of harness).

Donkey race (for a flitch of bacon).

Climbing pole (for a leg of mutton).

Races down ' the Manger ' (for cheeses).

A pig will be turned out on the down, to be the prize of the man who catches him (under certain regulations) ; and further prizes will be awarded for other games and1 sports as the funds will allow.

4thly. That no person be allowed to put up or use a stall or booth on the ground, without the previous sanction of Mr. Spack- man, of Bridgecombe Farm [the occupier], who is hereby authorized to make terms with any person wishing to put up a stalf or booth.

Signed, E. MARTIN ATKINS,

Chairman.

The White Horse was the- emblem of Hengist, and repre- sented Odin, the war-god of the Teutonic Tribes.

Geraint and Enid. BESS.

The wife of a farmer, a native of the north of England.

Owd Rod. BESS.

Servant girl to an old spinster,, who named her cats after her former admirers.

Spinster's Sweet-Arts.

BESSY HARRIS.

A person of rather doubtful character. She accused an old farmer of being the father of her child. In order to deal fairly he decided to look after Bessy and her child.

I done moy duty boy 'urn as I 'a done boy the lond.

Northern Farmer, Old Style. BETHLEHEM.

Not least art thou, little Bethlehem In Judab, for in thee the Lord was born; See Matthew it. v.

Sir John Oldcastley Lord Cobham.

BEVERLEY (John).

Carmelite : doctor and pro- fessor of divinity at Oxford ;

BID]

canon of St. John's Church, Beverley ; burnt to death, 1414.

Burnt — good Sir Roger Acton, my dear friend * Burnt too, my faithful preacher, Beverley !

Sir John Oldcastle,

Lord Cobham. BIDEFORD.

A town on the north coast of Devonshire, and in the time of Elizabeth a port of some im- portance. It was the birth- place of sir Richard Grenville (?.£>.), commander of The Re- venge ; and we may assume the greater part of his crew be- longed to this place :

But Sir Richard bore in hand all his sick men

from the land Very carefully and slow, Men of Bideford in Devon.

Here Kingsley wrote part of his Westward Ho \

The Revenge. BILLY.

Name of a horse.

Village Wife.

BILLY-ROUGH-UN.

Name of a horse.

Village Wife.

BINDWEED-BELL.

=the convolvulus, a genus of plants so-called from their twining or binding, with showy bell-like flowers.

The Brook. BIRCH.

A tree of several species. Prologue to General Hamley.

BIRK.

= Birch. A Dirge ; Progress of Spring.

BISCAY.

A bay between the west coast

78 [BLA

of France and the north coast of Spain. Navigation is much impeded by the heavy seas produced by the north-west winds.

Enoch Arden.

BITHYNIA.

A country in the north-west of Asia Minor, its inhabitants being of Thracian origin. In the seventh and sixth cen- turies B.C. it was part of the kingdom of Lydia, and after- wards became a part of the Persian empire under Cyrus. During the decline of the Persian empire it became an independent kingdom under a dynasty of native princes, which lasted until 74 B.C., when Nicomedes III bequeathed it after his death to the Romans and it became a province of the empire.

The Cup.

BLAISE (Saint).

Bishop of Sebaste, Cappa- docia, suffered martyrdom, 316. In 1070 a chapel in the north transept of Canterbury Cathe- dral was dedicated to St. Blaise which stood intact until 1379, when, in the course of rebuilding the nave the chapel was done away with. The staircase and passage leading to it is however preserved in the existing wall

To the crypt ? no — no, To the chapel of St. Blaise beneath the roof !

Becket. BLACK.

An inland sea bounded by Russia, Asia Minor and Euro-

BLA]

79

[BLU

pean Turkey, Bulgaria and Roumania.

Maud. BLACK BESS.

Name of a horse.

The Brook. BLACKBIRD.

A species of thrush, a well- known singing bird.

The Blackbird ; Audley Court ; Early Spring.

BLACKCAP.

A small European bird, so- called from its black crown.

Progress of Spring.

BLACKTHORN.

A dark-coloured thorn ; the sloe.

May Queen. BLANCHE.

Lady Blanche, mother of Melissa, and a widow. She was a woman of narrow and jealous disposition. Was engaged by the princess Ida in the college founded by the princess for women. She regarded the in- stitution as a means for ignoble self-aggrandisement, and was willing to desert it when she conceived that her end might be more effectively secured else- where. Envious, self-centred, treacherous, she lacked even the redeeming feature of love for her child or respect for the memory of her dead husband. The Princess.

BLESSED ISLES.

Row to the blessed Isles ! the blessed Isles ! Sinnatus !

Name given to the Canary

Islands off the coast of north- west Africa.

The Cup. BLEYS.

The historian of Arthur's court. Malory tells us how Merlin, after Arthur's great battle against the kings, c he took leave of Arthur and of the two kings, for to go and see his master Bleise that dwelt in Northumberland. Merlin gave Bleise an account of the fight, and so Bleise wrote the battle, word by word, as Merlin told him. . . . All the battles that was done in Arthur's days Mer- lin did his master Bleise do write.'

andfone

Is Merlin's master (so they call him) Bleys, Who taught him magic ; but the scholar ran Before the master, and so far, that Bleys Laid magic by, and sat him down and wrote All things and whatsoever Merlin did In one great annal-book, where after-years Will learn the secret of our Arthur's birth.'

Coming of Arthur. BLIND FATE.

THO' Sin too oft, when smitten by Thy rod, Rail at ' Blind Fate ' with many a vain 'Alas!'

Has reference to a man who, for his evil deeds, and his viola- tion of the Divine Law, is overtaken by God's judgments, but refuses to see in them any- thing more than the operation of < Blind Fate.'

Doubt and Prayer.

BLUEBELL.

A plant which bears blue bell- shaped flowers.

A Dirge ; Adeline ; Last Tournament; Becket ; Pro- mise of May.

BLU]

BLUEBOTTLE.

A plant which grows in grain fields, so called from its blue bottle-shaped flowers.

Promise of May. BOADICEA.

Queen of the Iceni in Britain who inhabited Norfolk and Suf- folk. Being treated with in- dignity by the Romans, she — during the absence of the Ro- man governor in Anglesey — assembled an army, captured and burnt the Roman colonies of London, Colchester, and Verulam and slew 70,000 Ro- mans. Upon his return Sue- tonius Paulinus attacked and defeated her and in despair she poisoned herself, A.D. 61. This victory secured the Roman dominion in Britain. Cowper makes her the subject of one of his poems.

She, with all a monarch's pride, Felt them in her bosom glow,

Rushed to battle, fought and died, Dying, hurled them at the foe.

Cowper: Boadicea, 37-40.

Boddicea.

BOANERGES.

A declamatory parson, who consigns to perdition all except his own followers.

Our Boanerges with his threats of doom, And loud-!ung'd Antibabylonianisms.

Sea Dreams.

BOAR.

=the wild boar. Coming of Arthur ; Gareth and Lynette ; The Foresters.

BOAZ.

A brass pillar, signifying strength, at the entrance to

80 [BON

Solomon's Temple. I Kings vii. 21.

I. r have built the Lord a house — sine

Asaph! clash The cymbal, Heman! blow the trumpet,.

priest! Fall, cloud, and fill the house— lo !

two pillars Jachin and Boaz ! —

my

Harold. BOBOLI.

At Florence too what golden hours, In those long galleries, were ours ;

What drives about the fresh Cascind, Or walks in Boboli's ducal bowers.

Giardino di Boboli, a garden behind the Pitti Palace, Flor- ence. The walks, bordered with evergreens, attract crowds of pleasure-seekers.

The Daisy. BOGGLE.

=a ghost.

Northern Farmer, Old Style.

BOLEYN.

Second queen of Henry VIII, and mother of Elizabeth. After a three years' residence at the French court became maid- of-honour to queen Catherine ; attracted the admiration oi Henry, and the king having instituted proceedings with a view of his divorce from Cather- ine of Aragon married her secretly on January 3, 1533 j charged with adultery and con- spiracy she was condemned to death and beheaded on Tower Hill, 1536 (1507-1536).

Queen Mary.

BOLINGBROKE (Harry). See Harry Bolingbroke.

BONNER (Edmund).

Bishop of London. Chap-

BON]

81

[BOS

lain to cardinal Wolsey 15 39; appeared before the pope at Marseilles in 1533 to appeal for the excommunication of Henry VIII ; appointed to the living of East Dereham, 1534; bishop of Hereford and am- bassador to the French court, 1538. In 1540 he was made bishop of London ; and was appointed ambassador to the emperor, 1542 ; fell into dis- grace under Edward VI, who imprisoned him in Fleet ; repri- manded for neglecting to en- force use of the new prayer book, and imprisoned at Mar- shalsea, 1540-53 ; deprived of his bishoprick ; restored on the accession of Mary, 1553 ; refused to take the oath of supremacy under Elizabeth and was again imprisoned in the Marshalsea where he died (1500- 1569).

Queen Mary.

BONNY DOON.

where the waters marry — crost, Whistling a random bar of Bonny Doon,

Air or tune to which the song of The Banks 0' Doon is sung. The song is by Robert Burns, and begins :

Ye banks and braes o' bonnie Doon, How can ye bloom sae fresh and fair,

Doon is the name of a river in Ayrshire.

The Brook.

BOOR-TREE

=Elder-tree.

Tomorrow. BORS.

A Knight of the Round

Table, called sir Bors de Ganis> brother of sir Lionel and nephew of sir Lancelot. He was ' a square-set man and honest ; ' and represented those who have sinned and effectually repented. When sir Bors went to the castle of Corbin and saw Galahad, the son of Lancelot and Elaine, he ' wept for joy, and he prayed to God it might prove as good a knight as his father was,' and forthwith the Holy Grail appeared unto him :

And so came in a white dove, and she bare a little censer of gold in her mouth, and there was all manner of meats and drinks, and a maiden bare that Sancgreal, and she said openly, Wit you well Sir Bors that this child is Galahad, that shall sit in the siege perilous, and achieve the Sancgreal, and he shall be much better than ever was Sir Launcelot du Lake, that is his own father. And then they kneeled down and made their devotions. . . . And then the dove took her flight, and the maiden vanished with the Sancgreal as [sh came.

Malory : Morte d' Arthur, Book XL chap, iv

Sir Bors accompanied sir Galahad and sir Percivale in the quest of the Holy Grail, and was present when it ap- peared. After the death of Galahad, sir Bors departed with sir Lancelot from Cardiff and sailed to Benwick, and was crowned king of all king Claudus' lands.

Holy Grail. BOS.

when the long wave broke All down the thundering shores of Bude and Bos,

Represents the rocky coast of Cornwall. Bos, now called Boscastle, is a village near Tintagil Head.

Guinevere. BOSHAM.

A seaport in Sussex. It was G

BOU]

82

[BOV

for some time the residence of king Harold, and the place from which he started on his journey to Normandy. In the church is the tomb of Bosham, secretary to Thomas Becket. King Canute built a castle here, and his daughter lies buried in the church.

Harold; Becket.

BOUNTEOUS ISLE. See Mael- dune.

BOURNE (Gilbert).

Son of Philip Bourne and brother of sir John Bourne, Secretary of State in the time of Mary. In 1531 we find him Fellow of All Souls' College, Oxford, and ten years' later was made prebendary of Wor- cester and of St. Paul's. In the meantime he had become chaplain to bishop Bonner, and was in 1553 sent to preach at Paul's Cross ; and denouncing Edward VI for having im- prisoned Bonner in the Mar- shalsea, the crowd became so exasperated that a dagger was hurled at him, and had it not been for the interference of Courtenay, earl of Devon, would have undoubtedly paid for his rashness with his life.

Son Courtenay, wilt thou see the holy father Murdered before thy face ? up, son, and save

him ! They love thee, and thou canst not come to

harm.

In 1553 he was created bishop of Bath and Wells, and soon afterwards was made president of Wales, but in the reign of Elizabeth was deprived (1559)

for refusing to take the oath of supremacy, and was committed to the Tower ; afterwards being committed to ' free custody.' He died at Silverton, Devon- shire, 1569.

Queen Mary.

BOVADILLA (Franciso de).

An official of the royal house- hold of Ferdinand and Isa- bella ; appointed Commissioner to investigate the state of affairs that existed in the island of Hispaniola under the vice- regency of Christopher Colum- bus. Armed with authority to take complete possession of the island he sailed from Spain in July 1500, and entered the harbour of San Domingo on August 23 of the same year. Landing on the following day he demanded from James Col- umbus— brother of the naviga- tor, who was left in command during Christopher's absence in Vega Real — the release of all the prisoners in the fortress, and upon James refusing took the fortress by storm. He then occupied Columbus' house and seized all his public and private papers. Hearing of Bovadilla's arrival, Columbus set out for San Domingo, and upon his arrival was — with his brothers James and Bartholomew — arrested, placed in chains and sent home to Spain, Bovadilla remaining in command of the island. He however tailed to reduce the colony to order, and

BOX]

in 1501 was superseded by Nicholas de Ovando. Upon the latter's arrival in the island, Bovadilla embarked for Spain, but encountering a hurricane immediately upon leaving the shore was shipwrecked and consequently lost his life.

Columbus. BOX.

A tree or shrub remarkable for the hardness and smoothness of its wood.

A Spirit haunts.

BRAMBLE.

A prickly shrub.

Holy Grail; Pelleas and, Ettarre. BRANDAGORAS.

King of Latangor, subdued by king Arthur, fighting on behalf of Leodogran, king of Cameliard.

Coming of Arthur.

BRAST1AS.

A Knight of the Round Table : one of the three knights sent by king Arthur to king Leodogran to ask for the hand of his daughter Guinevere. Brastias became a hermit and retired to a hermitage in the forest of Windsor, where he was visited by sir Lancelot when the latter was com- manded by Guinevere to avoid the court.

Coming of Arthur.

BRENDAN.

An Irish saint of the sixth century. He lived an ascetic life and was Abbot over 100

83 [BRI

monks. Said to have visited certain islands in the eastern ocean where he — with his Irish monks — preached.

And we came to the Isle of a Saint who had sail'd with St. Brendan of yore.

The islands of St. Brendan are supposed to be to the west of the Canary Islands. Brendan visited St. Columbia at lona in 563. He is the hero of the Navigation of St. Brendan, a popular tale of the mediaeval ages.

Voyage of Maeldune.

BRETON (Brittany).

Maud ; Merlin and Vivien ; Last Tournament.

BRETT (Captain).

Joined sir Thomas Wyatt in insurrection to prevent the marriage of Mary with Philip of Spain, and was in charge of the London deserters ; taken prisoner by sir Maurice Berke- ley at Temple Bar, and executed.

Queen Mary. BRIAR.

= Brier.

Day-Dream ; Promise of May.

BRIER.

A plant with a stem bearing prickles.

Buonaparte ; You might have won ; The Princess ; The Window; Last Tourna- ment; Lover's Tale.

BRIGADE, Heavy. See Heavy Brigade.

BRIGADE Light. See Light Brigade.

BRI]

84

[BRO

BRIGADE, Scarlett's. See Scar- lett's Brigade. BRIONY.

On a sudden a low breath Of tender air made tremble in the hedge The fragile bind weed- bells and briony rings ; And he look'd up.

A wild climbing plant com- mon in English hedgerows ; its rings are its spiral tendrils.

Talking Oak; The Brook.

BRITAIN.

Ton ask me why ; 'The Princess ; Third of Febru- ary ; A Welcome to Her Royal Highness Marie Alexandrovna ; Boddicea ; Maud ; Coming of Arthur ; Marriage of Geraint ; Balin and Balan ; Lancelot and Elaine ; Last Tournament; Guinevere ; To the Queen, II ; Defence of Lucknow ; Sir John Oldcastle, Lord Cobham ; Battle of Brunan- burh ; Opening of the Indian and Colonial Exhibition ; To Marquis of Dufferin and Ava; Harold; Queen Mary.

BRITO (Richard de). See De Brito.

BRITTANY.

The north-western peninsula of France. It was conquered by the Romans in 57-56 B.C., and in the fifth and sixth cen- turies was invaded and chris- tianized from England and Ire- land. From the end of the tenth to the middle of the fifteenth centuries it was inde- pendent of the French king, being governed by dukes, but

in 1532 was united to the French crown.

Last Tournament ; Harold ; The Foresters. BROC. See De Broc.

BROCELIANDE.

A forest supposed to have been Brittany. At one end of the forest stands the fountain of Baranton, and near by is the tomb of Merlin surmounted by a cross of wood. From the fountain flows a mineral spring, which bubbles up when a piece of iron or copper is thrown into it.

And chased the flashes of his golden horns Until they vanish'd by the fairy well That laughs at iron — as our warriors did — Where children cast their pins and nails, and

cry,

' Laugh, little well,' but touch it with a sword, It buzzes fiercely round the point ;

Merlin and Vivien. BROOKS.

William Henry Brookfield, son of Charles Brookfield, a Sheffield solicitor. Curate of Maltby (1834), St. James', Piccadilly, London (1840), and St. Luke's, Berwick Street (1841) ; chaplain-in-ordinary to queen Victoria (1860). Whilst at Trinity College, Cambridge, made the acquaintance of Tennyson, who in 1875 wrote for Lord Lyttelton's preface to Sermons by the late Rev. Wil- liam Henry Brookfield, the following :

Old Brooks, who loved so well to mouth my

rhymes,

How oft we two have heard St. Mary's chimes ! How oft the Cantab supper, host and guest, Would echo helpless laughter to your jest ! How oft with him we paced that walk of limes, Him, the lost sight of those dawn-golden times. Life of Tennyson.

To Rev. W. H. Brookfield.

BRU]

[BUL

BRUNANBURH.

The scene of a bloody battle in 937, where Athelstan (q.v.) and his brother Edmund Athel- ing (q>v?) gained a decisive victory over Anlaf the Dane, Constantine of Scotland, and the Northumbrian Danes, which victory practically estab- lished the unity of England. The site of the battle is uncer- tain, but it has been variously located in Northumberland, Dumfriesshire, Lancashire and Yorkshire. Battle of Brunanburh ; Harold.

BRUNELLESCHI.

A famous Italian architect, born at Florence. He built the Pitti Palace, the churches of San Lorenzo, and Spirito Santo, as well as the Duomo of the Cathedral, the latter being his principal title to fame.

My dearest brother, Edmund, sleeps, Not by the well-known stream and rustic

spire,

But unfamiliar Arno, and the dome Of Brunelleschi :

The Brook. BRUSSELS.

The capital of Belgium.

Queen Mary.

BRUTUS (Lucius Junius). See Lucius Junius Brutus.

BUBLIN'.

=a young unfledged bird. Owd Rod.

BUCKINGHAM.

Edward Stafford, third duke of Buckingham, eldest son of Henry Stafford, second duke. On April 16, 1521, he was com-

mitted to the Tower for treason, and on May 13 was tried by seventeen peers, presided over by the duke of Norfolk ; con- demned and executed on Tower Hill on the i/th of the same month, his body being buried in the church of the Austin Friars (1478-1521).

Queen Mary. BUDE.

when the long wave broke All down the thundering shores of Bude and Bos,

The rocky coast of Cornwall. Bude is a small port on the north coast of that county. Guinevere.

BULBUL.

A Persian word much used in Persian poetry. Though there is much dispute as to the bird to which it refers, it is generally considered to be the nightingale.

The living airs of middle night Died round the bulbul as he sung ;

Recollections of the Arabian Nights ; The Princess.

BULL.

An inn sign.

THE Bull, the Fleece are cramm'd, and not a

room For love or money.

Audley Court.

BULL (Edward).

A curate.

Edwin Morris.

BULLINGHAM (Nicholas).

Fellow of All Souls' College, Oxford, 1536; chaplain to archbishop Cranmer ; preben- dary of Lincoln, 1547 ; and rector of Thimbleby, 1551 ; deprived on account of being

BUR]

married in 1553, and on the outbreak of the Marian per- secution fled to Germany. In the reign of Elizabeth he re- turned, was appointed to the vacant See of Lincoln rendered vacant by the deprivation of bishop Watson, and was one of the bishops appointed to draw up the Articles. In 1571 he was translated to Worcester, and appointed one of the Com- missioners for the enforcement of the Book of Common Prayer. He died in 1576 and was buried in the chapel at Worcester cathedral. On his tomb ap- pears the following epitaph :

Here born, here bishop, buried here,

A Bullyngham by name and stock, A man twice married in God's fear,

Chief pastor, late of Lincolne flock, Whom Oxford trained up in youth,

Whom Cambridge doctor di'd create, A painful preacher of the truth,

Who changed this life for happy fate

18 April, 1576. Dictionary of National Biography,

Queen Mary. BURDOCK.

A broad-leaved, prickly plant. Holy Grail.

BURGUNDY.

An old duchy of France.

Harold. BURLEIGH.

Deeply mourn'd the Lord of Burleigh, Burleigh-house by Stamford-town.

Lord of Burleigh.

BURLEIGH-HOUSE.

6 Burleigh-house by Stam- ford-town ' is the county resi- dence of the marquis of Exeter, the descendant of the famous Cecil, lord Burleigh, who was Secretary of State to queen Elizabeth. In the Civil War

86

[CAD

it was taken by the Parliamen- tarians.

Lord of Burleigh.

BUTTER-BUMP.

=Bittern, a bird of the heron family.

Northern Farmer, Old Style.

BUTTERFLY.

The name of an extensive group of beautiful winged in- sects.

Adeline ; Talking Oak ;

Queen Mary ; Promise of

May.

BUZZARD.

A rapacious bird of prey of the falcon family.

Queen Mary.

BUZZARD-CLOCK.

= Cockchafer, a beetle, called also the May-bug. Northern Farmer, Old Style.

CADE (Jack).

And Thomas White will prove this Thomas

Wyatt, And he will prove an Iden to this Cade.

An Irish adventurer, and the leader of an insurrection in Kent in the reign of Henry VI (1450), against the oppressive taxation of the government. With a force of 15,000 men marched on London, and en- camped at Blackheath ; and defeating the royal army sent against him entered London on July 2, 1450. The citizens however retaliated and a struggle took place between them and Cade on the night of July 5. As a result terms

CAD]

[CAE

were arranged, and the Kentish men retired from the city. A price being set upon Cade's head, he attempted to reach the coast, but was pursued by a Kentish squire named Alex- ander Iden (^.^.)> wno fought and killed him in a garden at Heathfield in Sussex, for which service he was knighted.

King Henry. The head of Cade! — Great

God, how just art thou ! — O, let me view his visage, being dead.

King Henry. How art thou call'd ? and

what is thy degree ?

Iden. Alexander Iden, that's my name ; A poor esquire of Kent, that loves his king.

King Henry. Iden, kneel down.

Rise up a knight. Shakespeare : 2 King Henry VI .

ActV. Scene i.

On the side of the road oppo- site the garden where he was killed stands a monumental stone bearing the following inscription :

Near this spot was slain the notorious Rebel

Jack Cade

By Alexander Iden, Sheriff of Kent, A.D. 1450. His body was carried to London, and his head

fixed on London Bridge.

This is the success of all rebels,

And this fortune chanceth ever to traitors.

Queen Mary.

CADMEAN.

A citadel of Thebes, built by Cadmus (<?.£>.), son of Agenor, king of Phoenicia.

Lucretius. CADMUS.

In Greek mythology son of Agenor, king of Phoenicia by Telephassa or Agriope. Was ordered by his father to go in quest of his sister Europa whom Jupiter carried away, and he was never to return to Phoenicia if he did not bring her back. His search proving

fruitless, he consulted the Del- phic oracle, who ordered him to build the Cadmean, after- wards the citadel of Thebes. Here he killed a dragon which guarded the well of Ares, and sowed its teeth which sprang up as armed men, who imme- diately fought and slew each other, except five. For this act Cadmus made reparation to Ares for a period of eight years.

The great God, Ares, burns in anger still Against the guiltless heirs of him from Tyre, Our Cadmus, out of whom thou art, who found Beside the springs of DircS, smote, and still'd Thro' all its folds the multitudinous beast The dragon,

Afterwards he married Her- mione, the mother of Venus, and both of them being changed into serpents by Zeus were removed to Elysium. Cadmus was the first to introduce the alphabet into Greece.

Tiresias.

CAER-ERYRI.

= Snowdon. The latter part of the word means * eagle's nest.'

Or if some other told How once the wandering forester at dawn, Far over the blue tarns and hazy seas, On Caer-Eryri's highest found the King,

Garetb and Lynette.

GAERLEON.

An ancient town in Mon- mouthshire on the river Usk. The name Caerleon-upon-Usk distinguished it from Chester, which was Caerleon-on-Dee. This ' City of Legions ' with its golden domes and magnifi- cent churches, and its gorgeous palace, with its giant tower

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from whose high crest, they say, Men saw the goodly hills of Somerset, And white sails flying on the yellow sea ;

is supposed to have equalled Rome in splendour. It was one of the principal residences of king Arthur, where he lived in splendid state, surrounded by his knights, and where he held his court.

For Arthur on the Whitsuntide before Held court at old Caerleon upon Usk.

King Arthur's ninth great

battle against the Saxons was

fought here. Roman remains

have been found, as walls, bath,

and an amphitheatre (16 feet

high and 222 by 192 feet) called

king Arthur's Round Table.

Marriage of Geraint ; Ger-

aint and Enid ; Balin and

Balan ; Lancelot and

Elaine ; Merlin and Vivien ;

Pelleas and Ettarre.

CAERLYLE.

The city of Carlisle in Cum- berland.

Lancelot and Elaine. CAESAR.

nor tame and tutor with mine eye That dull cold-blooded Caesar.

Octavian Augustus Caesar, the adopted son of Julius Caesar. Dream of Fair Women.

CAESAR.

And King Leodogran

Groan'd for the Roman legions here again, And Caesar's eagle :

Coming of Arthur.

CAESAR.

And sweeter than the bride of Cassivelaun, Flur, for whose love the Roman Caesar first Invaded Britain, But we beat him back, t

= Julius Caesar.

Marriage of Geraint.

CJESAR.

Rome of Cassar, Rome of Peter, which was crueller ?

Locksley Hall Sixty Tears After. CAESAR.

Now thy Forum roars no longer, Fallen every purple Caesar's dome —

To

CJESAR.

Lightning may shrivel the laurel of Caesar, but mine would not wither.

Parnassus.

CAESAR.

Of ' Render unto Caesar.'

Shepherd ! Take this, and render that.

The Good

Harold.

CAIAPHAS-ARUNDEL.

These Pharisees, this Caiaphas-Arundel, What miracle could turn ?

Has reference to archbishop Arundel, who examined and condemned to death sir John Oldcastle.

Sir John Oldcastle,

Lord Cobham. CAIN.

Maud ; Forlorn ; Happy ; Becket ; Queen Mary.

CALABER (Quintus). See Quin- tus Calaber.

CALAIS.

A French seaport on the straits of Dover. It was cap- tured by Edward III in 1347 after a heroic defence, and re- mained under the English crown until the time of Mary (1558), when it was taken by the duke of Guise. It was the last town held by the English on French soil, and its loss was a blow to the English nation, queen Mary declaring that on her death

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' Calais ' would be found written on her heart.

Queen Mary.

CALIPHAT.

The government or empire of the Caliphs.

Recollections of the Arabian Nights. CALIXTUS.

The first pope of Rome ; elected 219 A.D. and martyred 223 A.D. He is known as the constructor of the celebrated catacombs on the Appian Way at Rome.

Harold. CALLIOPE.

A daughter of Jupiter and Mnemosyne, and the first and noblest of the nine Muses (q.v.). She is represented as presid- ing over epic poetry and elo- quence. Her attributes are a tablet and stylus ; sometimes a scroll.

Rather, O ye Gods, Poet-like, as the great Sicilian called Calliope to grace his golden verse —

Lucretius. CALPE.

The rock of Gibraltar, and one of the pillars of Hercules — the other being Abyla. It is supposed these two were origin- ally one mountain, but Hercules tore them asunder and the sea poured between them.

Last with wide arms the solid earth He tears, Piles rock on rock, no mountain mountain

rears;

Heaves up huge Abyla on Afric's sand, Crowns' with him Calpe Europe's salient strand, Crests with opposing towers the splendid scene, And pours from urns immense the sea be- tween,

Darwin : Botanic Garden : Part I. Econ- omy of Vegetation.

The Poet.

CAMA.

In Hindu mythology the god of love and marriage, repre- sented as riding across the sky on the back of a parrot accom- panied by the cuckoo and the humming-bee.

Or over hills with peaky tops engrail'd, And many a tract of palm and rice,

The throne of Indian Cama slowly s ail'd A summer fann'd with spice.

Palace of Art. CAMBALU.

The mediaeval name of Pekin, the city of the Great Khan.

His eye might there command wherever stood City of old or modern fame, the seat Of mightiest empire, from the destined walls Of Cambalu, seat of Cathaian Can,

Milton : Paradise Lost, xi. 385-388.

Columbus. CAMBRIDGE.

The capital of Cambridgeshire, and the seat of one of the Eng- lish Universities.

Becket. CAMEL.

A large ruminant quadruped, much used in Asia and Africa as a beast of burden, and for riding. The camel is remark- able for its ability to go a long time without drinking.

Merlin and Vivien ; Lover's Tale. CAMELEON.

A small lizard famous for changing its colour.

Queen Mary.

CAMELIARD.

The realm of Leodogran, father of Guinevere, wife of king Arthur. Brecknock- three miles from which town is a hill known as Arthur's hill — was considered to have

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marked one of its borders, and its capital is said to have been Carohaise, a city as yet undis- covered.

LEODOGRAN, the King of Cameliard, Had one fair daughter, and none other child ; And she was fairest of all flesh on earth, Guinevere, and in her his one delight.

With the assistance of king Arthur he cleared his realm of wild beasts and heathen hordes that swarmed from overseas, after which his daughter Guine- vere became Arthur's queen. Coming of Arthur.

CAMELOT.

The place where king Arthur chiefly held his court.

As it fell out on a Pentecost day,

King Arthur at Camelot kept his court

royall, With his faire queene dame Guenever the gay ;

And many bold barons sitting in hall ;

With ladies attired in purple and pall ; And heraults in hewkes, hooting on high, Cryed, Largesse, Largesse, Chevalier stres-hardie.

Percy's Reliques. King Ryence's Challenge.

Caxton in his preface to Malory's Morte <T Arthur speaks of it as if it were in Wales, probably meaning Caerleon- upon-Usk, where the Roman amphitheatre is still called Arthur's Round Table. The place referred to by Shake- speare in his King Lear is considered to be in Cornwall.

Goose, if I had you upon Sarum plain, I'd drive ye cackling home to Camelot. Shakespeare : King Lear, Act II. Scene ii.

But the Camelot of the Arthurian romance is supposed to be the city of Winchester.

Balin's sword was put in a marble stone standing upright as great as a millstone, and the stone hoved always above the water, and did many years, and so by adventure it swam down the stream to the city of Camelot that is in English Winchester.

Malory : Morte d' Arthur, Book II. chap. xix.

It is now identified with a

village called Camel in Somerset- shire and the town of Camelford in Cornwall. In the former place remains of the entrench- ments of an ancient town are still to be seen. The village still preserves the traditions of Arthur, ' the bridge over the river Camel is called Arthur's Bridge,' and in the neighbour- hood is a spring known as 'Arthur's Well.' At Camel- ford there is a grave locally known as c King Arthur's grave,' and in the vicinity is Slaughter Hill, the reputed scene of the ' last weird battle in the west,' where the traitor Modred was slain, and where Arthur received his mortal wound. In Gareth and Lynettr it is described as :

a city of shadowy palaces- And stately, rich in emblem and the work Of ancient kings who did their days in stone : Which Merlin's hand, the Mage at Arthur'*

court,

Knowing all arts, had touch'd, and every- where At Arthur's ordinance, tipt with lessening

peak And pinnacle, and had made it spire to heaven.

And in the centre of the city was the great hall which Merlin had built for Arthur

O brother, had you known our mighty hall Which Merlin built for Arthur long ago f For all the sacred mount of Camelot, And all the dim rich city, roof by roof, Tower after tower, spire beyond spire,

But in the description of the departure of the three knights in search of the Holy Grail, Percivale says :

O brother, had you known our Camelot, Built by old kings, age after age, so old The king himself had fears that it would fall , So strange, and rich, and dim ; for where the

roofs

Totter'd toward each other in the sky Met foreheads all along the streets of those Who watch'd us pass ;

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And in Pelleas and, Ettarre^ as Pelleas is riding away from the castle of Ettarre

he saw

High up in heaven the hall that Merlin built, Blackening against the dead-green stripes of

even, ' Black nest of rats,' he groan'd, ' ye build too

high.'

Lady of Shalott ; Morte cT Arthur ; Gareth and Lynette ; Marriage of Ger- aint ; Balin and Balan ; Merlin and Vivien ; Lance- lot and Elaine ; Holy Grail ; Pelleas and Ettarre ; Last Tournament ; Guinevere ; Passing of Arthur ; Merlin and the Gleam.

CAMILLA. See Julian.

CAMMA.

Wife of Sinnatus (q*v.)9 after- wards priestess in the temple of Artemis.

The Cup.

CAMPANILI.

A genus of plants, bearing bell-shaped flowers.

The Daisy.

CAMULODUNE.

The Roman name for the city of Colchester. Claudius established a Roman settlement here to assist in the subjuga- tion of Caractacus, a war- like king who lived in South Wales. During the absence of the Governor, the Iceni, under Boadicea (q.v.) captured and burnt the colony and massacred the inhabitants, some 70,000 Romans being said to have perished, but Suetonius Paulinus

on his return from Wales re- covered possession of the place.

Boadicea. CANA.

Perhaps, like him of Cana in Holy Writ, Our Arthur kept his best until the last ;

Refers to the marriage feast in Cana of Galilee where Christ was present with His disciples and performed His miracle of turning the water into wine. John ii. I -i i.

Holy Grail.

CANADA.

A Welcome to Her High- ness Marie Alexandrovna^ Duchess of Edinburgh ; Hands all Round.

CANNING.

Stratford Canning, first vis- count Stratford de Redclifrer the famous ambassador. Was secretary to the Envoy to Den- mark in 1807 ; Constantinople in 1808, and two years later was left in charge of the British Embassy at Constantinople ; plenipotentiary to Switzerland 1813-20; envoy to the United States of America 1820-24; to St. Petersburg 1824, and again to Constantinople in 1825. M.P. for Salisbury 1828, and for Stockbridge, 1830; appointed Envoy to St. Petersburg 1833, but the Czar refused to receive him; in 1835 declined the governorship of Canada ; M.P. for Kings Lynn 1835-41, and in 1842 appointed ambassador at Constantinople. Envoy to

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Switzerland 1847, and in the following year returned to Con- stantinople. In 1852 he was created viscount Stratford de Redcliffe, and six years later resigned his ambassadorship. He died in 1880. A statue to his memory was erected in Westminster Abbey in 1884. Will Waterproofs Lyrical Monologue ; ^Epitaph on Lord Stratford de Redcliffe.

CANOPUS.

A bright star in the rudder of Argo, a constellation of the southern hemisphere ; so called from the old Egyptian city Canopus, or from an Egyptian god of that name.

1 We drank the Libyan Sun to sleep, and lit Lamps which out-burn'd Canopus.'

Dream of Fair Women.

CANTERBURY.

Queen Mary ; Harold ; Becket.

CANTERBURY-BELLS.

= Campanula, a plant bearing bell-shaped flowers.

City Child.

CANTERBURY MINSTER.

Becket. CAPITOL.

The temple of ancient Rome, where the senate met. It was situated on the Mons Capitol- inus, the smallest but the most famous of the seven hills on which Rome is built.

Freedom. CAPRERA.

A small island in the Buc- cinari group of the coast of

Sardinia. It was the home of general Garibaldi, where he died, and his burial-place.

To Ulysses. CARADOS.

A king subdued by king Arthur, fighting on behalf of Leodogran, king of Cameliard. Coming of Arthur.

CARAFFA.

John Peter Carafla, elected pope of Rome under the title of Paul IV in 1555, at the age of eighty.

Queen Mary. CARAVEL.

the frailer caravel , With what was mine, came happily to the

shore. There was a glimmering of God's hand.

The small, open ship of the Portuguese was called a caravel. When Bovadilla (§'.£'.) started on his homeward voyage to Spain, a hurricane burst over his fleet. Many of the ships were entirely lost, and others returned to San Domingo in a shattered condition. The only ship of the fleet which pursued her voyage and ultimately reached her port of destination was the frail caravel freighted with the property of Columbus. Columbus.

CARBONEK.

A castle, according to legend built as the resting place of the Holy Grail in the time of Alain, grandson of Joseph of Arimathaea. It was the resi- dence of king Pelles, whose daughter Elaine was mother of sir Galahad.

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and looking up,

Behold, the enchanted towers of Carbonek, A castle like a rock upon a rock,

Holy Grail.

CAREW (Peter). See Peter

Carew. CARI AN ARTEMISIA.

Daughter of Lygdamis, and queen of Halicarnassus. She built in memory of her hus- band king Mausolus of Caria, the famous Mausoleum of Halicarnassus, counted by the ancients as one of the seven wonders of the world. With five ships she joined Xerxes in his invasion of Greece, and fought at Salamis, 480 B.C., where she displayed such signal courage and energy, that Xerxes exclaimed : * My men have become women, and my women men.'

and she

The foundress of the Babylonian wall The Carian Artemisia strong in war.

The Princess. CARLOS.

Don Carlos, son of Philip II of Spain.

Queen Mary. CAROLINE.

There's Margaret and Mary, there's Kate and

Caroline : But none so fair as little Alice in all the land

they say,

One of the four little girl friends of Alice, ' Queen of the May.'

May Queen.

CARP.

A fresh-water fish.

Marriage of Geraint.

CARRIER-PIGEON.

A domestic pigeon used to

convey messages from a distant point to its home.

Harold. CARYATIDS.

In Greek architecture draped female figures supporting an entablature in place of a column,

The Princess. CASCINE.

At Florence too what golden hours, In those long galleries, were ours ;

What drives about the fresh CascinS, Or walks in Boboli's ducal bowers.

A park of Florence about two miles long, bounded by the rivers Arno and Mugnone. It affords refreshing walks to the traveller, and is a fashionable rendezvous, particularly for driving.

The Daisy. CASSANDRA.

A Trojan princess ; the beau- tiful daughter of Priam and Hecuba, whom Apollo in return for her love endowed with the gift of prophecy. She pre- dicted to the Trojans the siege and destruction of their city, and was shut up in prison as a madwoman. On the fall of Troy she became the slave of Agamemnon, and was mur- dered along with her master by his wife Clytemnestra. She is one of the characters in Shakespeare's Troilus and Cressida.

(Enone ; Romney's Remorse.

CASSIA.

A genius of plants of many

species.

most of which have

purgative qualities.

Love and Death.

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CASSIOPEIA.

Queen of Ethiopia, mother of Andromeda. For boasting that her daughter's beauty surpassed the beauty of the sea-nymphs, Neptune sent a sea-serpent, which ravaged the kingdom. At death she was made a con- stellation, consisting of thirteen stars.

Or that starred Ethiop queen that strove To set her beauty's praise above The Sea-Nymphs, and their powers offended. Milton : II Penseroso, 19-21.

The Princess.

CASSIVELAUN.

Cassivelaun, was a king of Britain at the time when Julius Caesar invaded the island. Mwrchan, a Gallic chief, in league with Caesar seized and carried away to Gaul, Flur, Cassivelaun's betrothed, but Cassivelaun invading Gaul at the head of 60,000 troops, gained a complete victory and rescued his bride.

And sweeter than the bride of Cassivelaun » Flur, for whose love the Roman Caesar first Invaded Britain,

On Caesar's second invasion of the island, Cassivelaun again vanquished him ; but the Romans being reinforced by Androgeus, he was defeated and agreed to pay tribute to the amount of 3,000 pounds of silver annually. Several years after he died and was buried at York.

Boddicea ; Marriage of Geraint.

CASTALIES. See Castaly.

The Princess.

CASTALY.

A fountain at the foot of mount Parnassus, sacred to the Muses ; called after a nymph who drowned herself in it to escape Apollo. Its waters in- spired those who drank thereof with the gift of poetry.

Becket. CASTILE— CASTILLE.

A district of Spain, divided by the mountains of Castile into old and new Castile. Anciently inhabited by Celti- berian tribes, but united to the crown of Spain in 1469 by the marriage of Ferdinand and Isabella.

Columbus ; Queen Mary.

CASTLE PERILOUS.

The home of Lady Lyonorsf There she was held captive by four knights. Lynette (^.^.) her sister went to king Arthur and asked for a knight to fight to rescue her, and the task was given to sir Gareth (£.£>.)» who overcame the knights and liberated the lady. Malory in his Morte d* Arthur says that Gareth married the lady and his brother Gaheris married Lynette, but Tennyson says that Gareth married Lynette, but makes no mention of lady Lyonors.

Gareth and Lynette. CASTRO.

Chaplain to king Philip of Spain.

Thou knowest I bad my chaplain, Castro

preach Against these burnings.

Queen Mary.

CAT] CAT.

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A domestic animal.

The Falcon; The Owl; The Goose; Walking to the Mail ; The Princess ; Maud ; Promise of May ; The Foresters ; Holy Grail ; Northern Cobbler ; To- morrow ; Spinster's Sweet- Arts ; Locksley Hall Sixty Tears After ; Owd Rod ; Church-warden and the Curate.

CATALONIAN MINORITE.

For curbing crimes that scandalised the Cross By him, the Catalonian Minorite, Rome's Vicar in our Indies ?

Catalonian = Catalonia, a Spanish province. Minorite •= a monk. Has reference to Friar Bernardo Buil, a Benedictine monk who accompanied Colum- bus on his second voyage to America, 1493. He had been chosen by pope Alexander VI to be his apostolic vicar in the West Indies.

Columbus.

CATERPILLAR.

The coloured grub of the lepidopterous insects, or of butterflies and moths.

Guinevere. CATHARINE.

of Aragon (b. 1485), first queen of Henry VIII, youngest daugh- ter of Ferdinand and Isabella of Spain. Married first to Arthur, eldest son of Henry VII, in 1501, but was left a widow, and in 1509 by a papal dispensation was married to her brother-in-law, afterwards

Henry VIII. In 1533, shortly after Henry's cleavage with Rome, Cranmer declared the marriage null and void ; but the pope pronounced it valid, 1534. Died 1535, and buried in Peterborough Abbey.

Queen Mary. CATHAY.

The mediaeval name for Tar- tary, the capital of which was Albracca.

the ship

From Ceylon, Inde, or far Cathay, unloads

For him the fragrant produce of each trip ;

Byron : Don Juan, Canto XII. Stanza ix.

Locksley Hall. CATHERINE.

Daughter of a woman who chides her because she is con- templating a marriage, of which her mother says she is unworthy.

Murder would not veil your sin,

Marriage will not hide it, Earth and Hell will brand your name,

Wretch you must abide it ...

She exhorts her to confess to her lover.

Up, get up, and tell him all, Tell him you were lying !

Forlorn. CATIEUCHLANIAN.

An ancient British tribe whose kingdom embraced the present counties of Buckingham- shire, Northamptonshire, and Middlesex.

Boddicea. CATO.

M. Porcius Cato, Roman orator and statesman. He was known as ' the Censor,' to which office he was appointed in 184 B.C. He was an opponent o Hellenic fashions, and during the second Punic war (215 B.C.), when Rome was in danger

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of being captured by Hannibal, a law — called the Oppian Law — was passed to restrain the extravagant dress of the Roman ladies, but some years after the women rose in revolt, and were successful in getting the law repealed in spite of the opposi- tion of Cato (234-149, B.C.).

Titanic shapes, they cramm'd The forum, and half-crush'd among the rest A dwarf-like Cato cower'd.

The Princess.

CATULLUS.

Considered to be the greatest of Roman lyric poets. Some of his poems are inspired by the love for a beautiful maiden named Lesbia, a passion that eventually proved his downfall. The poem referred to in Edwin Morris, 79, is by Catullus.

Hendecasyllabics ; Prater Ave Atque Vale ; Poets and their Bibliographies.

CAUCASIAN.

but every legend fair Which the supreme Caucasian mind Carved out of Nature for itself,

A phrase by which the race of people who inhabited the Caucasian mountains was known.

Palace of Art. CAUCASIAN.

He never yet had set his daughter forth Here in the woman-markets of the west, Where our Caucasians let themselves be sold.

Alludes to the sale of Cau- casian girls for Turkish harems. Aylmer^s Field.

CAUCASUS.

A mountain range, 900 miles in length, with an average height of 12,000 feet, extend-

ing from the Black Sea to the

Caspian.

The Poet; A Welcome to Her Royal Highness Marie Alexandrovna, Duchess of Edinburgh.

CAUF.

=Calf.

Spinster's Sweet-Arts. CAVALL.

King Arthur's best hound ; name of a mountain in Wales, where tradition says exists a stone with a footprint of the dog impressed in it.

And chiefly for the baying of Cavall, King Arthur's hound of deepest mouth,

Marriage of Geraint. CECIL.

William, baron Burghley, queen Elizabeth's chief minister.

Queen Mary. CECILY.

A Roman virgin of rank, who embraced Christianity in the reign of Antoninus, and who is said to have been visited by angels. She is the Latin saint of music, and the reputed in- ventor of the organ. Suffered martyrdom about 200 B.C.

Or in a clear-wall'd city on the sea, Near gilded organ-pipes, her hair

Wound with white roses, slept St. Cecily ; An angel look'd at her.

Dryden, Pope, Addison other English poets have con- tributed Odes, but the best- known is Dryden's (1697).

Orpheus could lead the savage race, And trees unrooted left their place,

Sequacious of the lyre ; But bright Cecilia raised the wonder higher : When to her organ vocal breath was given,. An angel heard, and straight appeared

Mistaking earth for heaven.

Dryden : A Song for St. Cecilia's Day. 48-54.

Palace of Art.

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CEDAR.

CEDAR-TREE.

The name of several ever- green trees.

Recollections of the Arabian Nights; Gardener's Daugh- ter; The Princess ; Milton; Maud ; Queen Mary.

CELANDINE.

A plant of the poppy family with yellow leaves.

Progress of Spring.

CELIDON.

A forest, and the scene of Arthur's seventh victory over the Saxons. One authority considers it in Cornwall, an- other in Lincolnshire, while another places it on the banks of the Carron in Upper- Tweeddale.

then the war

That thunder'd in and out the gloomy skirts Of Celidon the forest ;

Lancelot and Elaine. CELTIC DEMOS. See Demos. CHAMIAN ORACLE.

There in a silent shade of laurel brown Apart the Chamian Oracle divine Shelter 'd his unapproach'd mysteries :

The temple of Jupiter Am- mon. Ammon was an Egyptian god, represented in the shape of a ram, his chief temple being in the desert of Libyan, twelve days' journey from Memphis. This temple possessed a famous oracle, said to have had con- nexion with the oracle at Dodona, two black doves flying away from Thebes in Egypt, one to the temple of Jupiter

Ammon and the other to Dodona, by which the inhabit- ants were informed of the divine mission ; consequently the Greeks identified Ammon with their god Zeus and the Romans with their Jupiter.

Alexander.

CHARING CROSS.

A part of London, the junc- tion of Whitehall and the Strand. It derived its name from the stone cross which was erected as a memorial to Eleanor, queen of Edward L Queen Mary.

CHARIOTEER.

and the Charioteer

And starry Gemini hang like glorious crowns Over Orion's grave low down in the west,

The constellation Auriga, situ- ated midway between the Polar Star and Orion.

Maud ; Achilles over the Trench.

CHARLES (the First).

King of England, third son of James I and Anne, daughter of the king of Denmark. Created duke of York and Cornwall on the accession of his father, and in 1616, four years after the death of his elder brother Henry, created Prince of Wales. Succeeding his father in 1625 he married Henrietta Maria, youngest daughter of Henry IV of France. Became involved in controversy with Parliament, particularly regarding the re- venues rendered necessary by his extravagant policy, and for eleven years through his ministers

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governed without one. Civil war eventually broke out which ended in the disastrous battle of Naseby in 1645. In the following year he surrendered himself to the Scots at Newark, who handed him over to the English. On January 20, 1649, he was brought to trial, and on the zyth of the same month was condemned, and beheaded at Whitehall three days later (1600-1649).

Third of February.

CHARLES (the Second).

King of England, second son of Charles I. Having assisted his father until after the battle of Naseby he proceeded with his mother to the Hague, where he received the news of his father's fate. He was pro- claimed king at Edinburgh on February 3, 1649, and again on July 15, 1650, after his arrival in that country, and on January I in the following year was crowned at Scone, in Perthshire. In August of the same year he invaded England at the head of 10,000 troops, but was defeated by Cromwell at Worcester. Es- caping, he hid in the branches of a large oak in Boscobel wood to avoid his pursuers, who actually came under the tree where he was. Wandering from place to place in disguise he eventually reached Shoreham, escaped to France, and hence to Brussels, where he remained

until the death of Cromwell in 1658. Two years later he was recalled to the throne, and arriving in England was re- received with acclamation. In 1665 he declared war against Holland and a Dutch fleet sailed up the Medway and destroyed several ships. The same year a great plague swept away a large number of the inhabitants of London, and in the following year a large portion of the city was destroyed by fire. In 1674 he made peace with Holland, and his niece, princess Mary, married William of Orange in 1677 (1630-1685).

Talking Oak.

CHARLES (the Fifth).

Emperor of Germany, son of Philip of Austria, became in 1516 by right of birth, ruler of Spain, the Netherlands, Sicily, and Naples ; and on the death of his grandfather added Austria to his dominions. His chief ambition was the suppression of the Reformation and the succession of his son Philip to the imperial crown, but failing in both, abdicated in favour of his son, and retired to the monastery of St. Yuste, in Estremadura, where he died, having, not- withstanding his retirement, continued to direct the policy of his son (1500-1558).

Queen Mary.

CHARLES'S WAIN.

The constellation of Ursa Major, a wagon without a

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wagoner, an old English name for the constellation of the Great Bear.

May Queen.

CHARLEY.

A dog — a King Charles spaniel — belonging to Maud.

Look, a horse at the door,

And little King Charley snarling.

Maud. CHARLIE.

A son of an old woman, who outlived all her children. See Harry.

Grandmother. CHARLIE.

Only son of an old book- loving village squire. Unlike his father he did a little hunting and fishing. His father's estate was entailed, and being in debt he asked his son to help him out of the difficulty, but he refused, suggesting that the books should be sold. Charlie however did not live to enjoy the possession of the estates, for while out riding one evening his horse threw him, and he was killed. Village Wife.

CHARLOCK.

A plant of the mustard family, with yellow leaves, that grows as a weed in cornfields.

Garetb and Lynette.

CHARTIST PIKE.

I once was near him, when his bailiff brought A Chartist pike.

A weapon used by the revolu- tionary party known as the Chartists. During the agita- tion by the working-classes for greater political power in 1838

in a document called the ' People's Charter ' there were fears of a secret rising on account of the petition being refused by the House of Commons. Walking to the Mail.

CH ATE LET.

A poet-squire in the suite of Marshal Damville, who was executed for intrigue with Mary, queen of Scots.

Margaret.

CHAUCER (Dan). See Dan Chaucer.

CHESTNUT.

=a tree.

Miller's Daughter; Lord . of Burleigh ; Progress of Spring.

CHICHESTER (Bishop of).

Hilary ; elected bishop of Chichester 1147, and arch- bishop of York the same year, but the latter appointment was not confirmed by the pope. He urged Becket to accept the £ ancient customs ' included in the embassy to the pope against Becket ; and granted absolution to those bishops whom Becket had excommunicated (d. 1169).

Becket. CHIMERA.

In Greek mythology a fire- eating monster, destroyed by Bellerophon, having the head of a lion, the body of a goat, and the tail of a dragon. The word signifies any impossible monstrosity.

The Princess.

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[CLA

CHINA.

till warming wth her theme She fulmined out her scorn of laws Salique And little-footed China, touch'd on Mahomet With much contempt, and came to chivalry :

Refers to the custom pre- valent in China of cramping the feet of girls from an early age in tight bandages to keep them small.

The Princess.

CHRISTCHURCH (Dean of).

our Bishops from their sees Or fled, they say, or flying — Poinet, Barlow, Bale, Scory, Coverdale ; besides the Deans Of Christchurch, Durham, Exeter, and Wells —

Queen Mary. CHRISTIAN.

More like the picture

Of Christian in my ' Pilgrim's Progress ' here Bow'd to the dust beneath the burthen of sin.

The hero of Bunyan's Pil- grim's Progress.

Promise of May.

CHRISTOPHER COLON. See Columbus.

CICALA.

At eve a dry cicala sung, There came a sound as of the sea ;

An insect with wings. The male makes a shrill sound by peculiar organs in the side of the abdomen.

Mariana in the South.

CLARA VERB de VERB.

Daughter of an earl, nobly born, but of a haughty and proud disposition. The poet assured her that hers was not a character to be admired, and that for all her wealth and name he would not forsake a simple maiden with a truer heart. In the poem appear the well- known lines :

Howe'er it be, it seems to me,

Tis only noble to be good. Kind hearts are more than coronets,

And simple faith than Norman blood.

Lady Clare Fere de Fere.

CLARE, LADY.

The supposed child of an earl, who is afterwards told by her old nurse that she is not the lady Clare, as the old earl's daughter died almost directly after birth. The nurse tells her that she is her mother. The supposed lady Clare hastens to tell the truth to her lover, lord Ronald, the real heir to her lands. This takes place on the eve of her marriage. Lord Ronald greatly appreciates her honesty and frankness.

If you are not the heiress born And I,' said he, ' the lawful heir,

We two will wed to-morrow morn, And you shall still be Lady Clare.'

Lady Clare. CLARENCE.

A lady-in-waiting to queen Mary.

Queen Mary.

CLARIANCE.

King of Northumberland, subdued by king Arthur fight- ing on behalf of Leodogran, king of Cameliard.

Coming of Arthur.

CLARIBEL.

Claribel lived in a beautiful bower, where everything was at peace.

Where Claribel low-lieth The breezes pause and die, Letting the rose-leaves fall :

Claribel. CLAUDIAS.

One of the petty kings over- come by king Arthur fighting

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[COC

on behalf of Leodogran, king of Cameliard.

Coming of Arthur. CLELIA.

A Roman virgin who swam the river Tiber to escape from Porsina, king of Clusium, whose hostage she was. Being sent back by the Romans, Porsina not only set her at liberty but allowed her to take with her a part of the hostages.

The Princess. CLEMATIS.

A genus of climbing plants. Golden Tear ; City Child; The Window ; Voyage of Maeldune.

CLEOPATRA-LIKE.

Cleopatra-like as of old

To entangle me when we met,

= Cleopatra, queen of Egypt, distinguished for her beauty and her charms ; first fascinated Caesar, and after his death Mark Antony (q.v.). On the fall and suicide of the latter she killed herself to escape being taken to Rome. Maud.

CLIFFORD. See Rosamund, Rosamund de Clifford.

CLOVER.

A genus of plants, containing a great number of species.

A Dirge ; City Child,.

COBHAM.

Sir John Oldcastle, lord Cobham ; lollard leader ; first author and first martyr among the English nobility. In the reign of Henry IV he com- manded an English army in

France, where he compelled the duke of Orleans to raise the siege of Paris. Becoming a convert to Wycliffe's doc- trines, he was in the reign of Henry V tried by archbishop Arundel and other bishops ; declared to be a heretic, and sent to the tower, but escaping, summoned all his followers to meet him in St. Giles' fields. The assemblage being attacked and his followers dispersed, he fled to Wales, and after hiding for four years was captured, conveyed to London, and being condemned was hanged in chains and burnt, December 1416.

Sir John Oldcastle,

Lord Cobham. COBRA.

A hooded and poisonous snake, a native of the East Indies. Akbar's Dream.

COCK, THE.

O PLUMP head-waiter at The Cock To which I most resort,

A Tavern, No. 201, Fleet Street, near Temple Bar, and of great antiquity.

Generally he would stay at the Temple or in Lincoln's Inn Fields ; dining with his friends at The Cock, and other taverns. A perfect dinner was a beefsteak, a potato, a cut of cheese, a pint of port, and afterwards a pipe (never a cigar).

' The plump head-waiter of The Cock,' by Temple Bar, famous for chop and porter, was rather offended when told of the poem [Will Waterproof]. ' Had Mr. Tennyson dined of tener there, he would not have minded it so much,' he said.

Edward Fitzgerald quoted in Life of Tennyson.

Pepys in his Diary for April 23, 1668, speaks of having been there :

COC]

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Thence by water to the Temple, and there to the Cock alehouse, and drank, and ate a lobster, and sang, and mighty merry.

Will Waterproofs Lyrical Monologue. COCKATRICE.

A fabulous monster, resem- bling a serpent.

Holy Grail. COCO.

= the cocoa-nut tree.

Enoch Arden. COCO-PALM.

=r:Cocoa-palm.

Progress of Spring.

COESNON.

A river forming the boundary between Normandy and Brit- tany. Harold.

COGOLETTO.

A village in the province of Genoa, on the coast.

The Daisy. COLE (Henry).

Fellow of the New College, Oxford, 1521-40 ; submitted to the Reformation, and became prebendary of Salisbury in I539> but on Mary's accession joined the Roman Catholic party ; was made archdeacon of Ely in

1553, canon of Westminster and provost of Eton ; and disputed with Cranmer at Oxford in

1554. He preached at St. Mary's Church, Oxford, on the occasion of the martyrdom of Cranmer in 1556.

Him perch'd up there? I wish some

thunderbolt Would make this Cole a cinder, pulpit and all.

Dean of St. Paul's, 1556-9; •vicar-general of the archbishop of Canterbury, 1557-8 ; sent to

Ireland to extirpate protes- tantism 1558.

'In 1558,' says Timbs and Gunn's Abbey, Castles, etc., 'Dr. Henry Cole, dean of St. Paul's, was entrusted with the commission issued by queen Mary, to institute prosecutions against such as should refuse to observe the ceremonies of the Roman Catholic religion in Ireland. The doctor stopped at Chester on his way, and at the Blue Posts Inn was visited by the Mayor, to whom, in the course of conversation, he com- municated the business upon which he was engaged ; open- ing his cloak-bag, he took out a leather box, observing with exultation, " he had that within which would lash the heretics of Ireland." The hostess acci- dentally overheard the dis- course, and having a brother who was a Protestant, she be- came alarmed for his safety ; and with a surprising quickness of thought, whilst the doctor was complimenting his worship down the stairs, to open the box, take out the commission, and leave instead a pack of cards, with the knave of clubs uppermost. Soon afterwards the dean sailed for Ireland, where he arrived on December 7, 1558. Being introduced to the Lord-Deputy Fitzwalter and the Privy Council, he ex- plained the nature of his em- bassy, and then presented the box containing, as he thought,

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the commission ; his lordship took it, and having lifted the lid, beheld with considerable surprise the pack of cards, with the knave on the top. The doctor was thunderstruck, and in much confusion affirmed that a commission he certainly had, and that some artful person must have made the exchange. " Then," said his lordship, " you have nothing to do but return to London and get it renewed ; meanwhile we'll shuffle the cards." This unwelcome ad- vice the doctor was constrained to follow . . . but before he could reach Ireland a second time queen Mary died, and her sanguinary commission be- came useless. The woman whose dexterity and presence of mind had thus providentially operated, was rewarded by Elizabeth with a pension of forty pounds a year.'

In 1559 he was one of the eight romanist disputants at Westminster Abbey, and for contempt was fined 500 marks and deprived of all his prefer- ments. In the following year he was committed to the Tower, whence he was removed to the Fleet. His subsequent history is obscure. Queen Mary.

COLEWORT.

A species of cole, or cabbage.

Guinevere. COLLANTINE.

A town on the Anio, built by the people of Alba.

Lucretius.

[COL COLOSSEUM.

Like some old wreck on some indrawing sea, Gain'd their huge Colosseum.

The great amphitheatre in Rome standing on the site of Nero's palace. It was begun by Vespasian 72 A.D., and finished by Titus A.D. 82. It was here the fights of wild beasts and gladiators went on.

5 Telemacbus. COLT.

A young hor

Talking Oak ; Enoch Arden ; The Brook ; The Princess ; Coming of Arthur ; Rom- ney's Remorse.

COLUMBUS.

A celebrated Genoese navi- gator. His life is of little inter- est till 1470, when he settled in Lisbon and made voyages to the Madeira and the Azores. Thinking it possible to reach India by sailing westward, he made an appeal to his native city but without result ; to the king of Portugal, to Henry VII of England, and to the dukes of Medina Sidonia, and Medina Celi, who advised him to lay his proposals before the Spanish king and queen. After seven years of delay his pro- posals were accepted by the Spanish monarchs, and on August 3, 1492, his little squadron of three small ships set sail on its perilous voyage, and on October 12 of the same year landed on the island of Guanahani, one of the Bahamas, which he called San Salvador,

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and thence sailed to Cuba and Hispaniola. On his return to Spain in 1493 he was wel- comed with great enthusiasm, and man7 honours were con- ferred upon him, that which he prized most of all being the title 'Admiral of the Ocean.' He sailed on his second voyage on September 25, 1493, and discovered Porto Rico and Jamaica. Returned in 1496 and set out on his third voyage which resulted in the discovery of Trinidad, and the mainland of South America. His enemies in Spain, however, did him much harm, and a new gover- nor, Francisco Bovadilla (<?.£>.), acted with great harshness ; and in October 1500 Columbus was placed in irons and sent back to Spain. This treatment caused a wave of indignation to sweep over Spain, and Colum- bus, on landing, was restored to favour by Ferdinand and Isabella.

Chains for the Admiral of the Ocean ! chains For him who gave a new heaven, a new earth, As holy John had prophesied of me, Gave glory and more empire to the kings Of Spain than all their battles ! chains for

him

Who push'd his prows into the setting sun And made West East, and sail'd the Dragon's

mouth,

And came upon the Mountain of the World, And saw the rivers roll from Paradise !

In 1502 he made his fourth and last voyage and explored the north coast of the gulf of Mexico. He returned in 1504, and worn out in body died two years later at Valladolid, in poverty and want. He was buried at Valladolid, but in

1513 his remains were trans- lated to Seville, and a monu- ment erected to his memory in- scribed : ' To Castile and Leon Columbus has given a new world.' In 1513 they were taken, with those of his son Diego, and laid in the Cathe- dral of San Domingo. Two hundred and fifty years later the island was ceded to the French, and they were removed to the cathedral of Havana in Cuba. After the Cuban war the bones were — in 1898 — brought from Havana to Spain, kept for a time at Granada, and finally deposited in 1912 in the cathedral of Seville (1435-1506).

The Daisy ; Columbus.

COMO.

A town on the lake of Como of Italy.

The Daisy.

CONSTANTINUS.

A king of Scotland, who allied himself with the Danes under Anlaf against Athelstan. The allied kings were defeated at Brunanburh (937 A.D.), by Athelstan and his brother Ed- mund. This victory practically established the unity of Eng- land.

Battle of Brunanburh.

CONVOLVULUS.

A genus of twining plants, called also Bindweed.

Enoch Arden ; Voyage of

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105

[COR

CONY.

=a rabbit.

Enoch Arden.

COOMBERLAND (Cumberland).

Promise of May. COOT.

A short -tailed water-fowl, with a white spot on the forehead. The Brook.

COPHETUA.

An imaginary king of Africa. Sitting one day at his palace window he saw a beggar maid pass, and fell in love with her and married her. The story is alluded to in Percy's Reliques, and in Shakespeare's Love's Labour's Lost, and Romeo and Juliet.

The magnanimous and most illustrate king Cophetua set eye upon the pernicious and indubitate beggar Zenelophon,

Shakespeare : Love's Labour's Lost,

Act IV . Scene *. So sweet a face, such angel grace,

In all that land had never been : Cophetua sware a royal oath :

' This beggar maid shall be my queen ! '

Beggar Maid. COPTIC.

Peal after peal, the British battle broke, Lulling the brine against the Coptic sands.

= Egyptian. Buonaparte.

CORINNA.

A Greek poetess, born at Tanagra in Bceotia. She was the most eminent of the Greek lyric poets, but only fragments of her poems remain. At the national games she was said to have obtained a victory over Pindar, the lyric poet of Greece. Her name is the title of one of de Stael's novels :

At the word, they raised A tent of satin, elaborately wrought With fair Corinna's triumph ; here she stood, Engirt with many a florid maiden-cheek, The woman-conqueror ;

The Princess.

CORITANIAN.

A British tribe who in- habited the present counties of Lincolnshire, Derbyshire, Not- tinghamshire, Leicestershire, and Northamptonshire.

Boddicea.

CORNELIA.

Wife of Titus Sempronius Gracchus, and mother of the Gracchi. She was held in high esteem by the Romans, who during her lifetime erected a statue in her honour with the inscription : Cornelia, the mother of the Gracchi.

The Princess.

CORNWALLIS (Sir Thomas).

Eldest son of sir John Corn- wallis. In 1549, he was sent into Norfolk to suppress the rebellion headed by Ket, and was made sheriff of Norfolk in 1553. In the following year he escorted the princess Eliza- beth to London ; and was one of the commissioners at the trial of sir Thomas Wyatt, the insurrectionary leader. From 1554-7 he was treasurer of Calais, and it is generally con- sidered that he sold the town to the French. In the latter year he was made Comptroller of the Household, but on the accession of Elizabeth was re- moved from the post, as well as from the privy council, and retired into private life. He died in 1604 (1510-1604).

Queen Mary.

CORJ

1 06

[COV

CORONACH.

An Irish funeral song or lamentation.

Dying Swan. CORRIENTES.

A province, Argentine Re- public, between the Parana and the Uruguay rivers.

To Ulysses. COSSACK.

Cossack and Russian Reel'd from the sabre-stroke, Shatter'd and sunder'd.

The Cossacks are a warlike

people in south-eastern Russia,

forming splendid light cavalry.

Charge of the Light Brigade.

COURTENAY.

Edward Courtenay, earl of Devonshire. With his parents was in 1538, when only twelve years of age, imprisoned in the Tower until 1547, when he was released by Edward VI. On the accession of Mary he was created earl of Devonshire, and at her coronation carried the Sword of State ; and being held in high favour by the queen, was hopeful for her hand in marriage ; but on Mary's marriage with Philip of Spain was urged to propose marriage to the princess Eliza- beth. At the end of 1553 a plot was discovered having for its object the placing of Eliza- beth on the throne. Sir Thomas Wyatt joined in the conspiracy, but he and his followers were promptly sup- pressed and Courtenay was sent back to the Tower, and subse- quently removed to Fotherin-

gay. In 1555 he was exiled and went to Brussels, and thence to Padua, where he died (1526— Queen Mary.

COURT-GALEN.

Our great court-Galen poised his gilt-head cane,

Has reference to a celebrated Greek physician named Clau- dius Galenus of Pergamos. He went to Rome where he gained great renown in the medical profession, and undertook scientific journeys through Greece and Asia. He was a great writer, being author of some 300 volumes — 125 of which were destroyed in a fire — and his writings, which left no branch of medicine un- touched, formed for many cen- turies the chief text-books for physicians and doctors. It was customary for the medical pro- fession to carry a gilt-headed cane in his honour.

The Princess. COVENTRY.

A city in Warwickshire. Ac- cording to legend it obtained its municipal rights from Leo- fric about 1044, by the ride of Godiva (q.v.) through the streets of the city.

Godiva.

COVERDALE (Miles).

Bishop of Exeter, and trans- lator of the Bible. The Great Bible or CromweWs Bible (1539) was printed under his direction and issued under the auspices of Thomas Lord Cromwell. Cranmer's Bible (1540), was also

COW]

edited by Co verdale. Appointed chaplain to Edward VI in 1548 and bishop of Exeter in 1551. Upon the accession of Mary he was deposed from his See and imprisoned, but released upon the intercession of the king of Denmark and retired to Geneva ; but returned to England after Elizabeth had ascended the throne, and subsequently ap- pointed to the living of St. Magnus, near London Bridge (1488-1568).

Queen Mary. COW.

The female of the bovine animals.

The Brook ; Northern Farmer, Old Style ; Village Wife ; Promise of May ; Spinster's Sweet - Arts ; Locksley Hall Sixty Tears After ; Church-warden and the Curate ; Queen Mary ; The Foresters.

COWSLIP.

A species of primrose, having yellow blossoms.

Adeline; Rosalind; May Queen ; Talking Oak ; Aylmer's Field; In the Children's Hospital.

CRAB.

An animal of the class Crus- tacea with the whole body covered by a crust-like shell.

Harold ; The Foresters ;

Walking to the Mail.

CRADLEMONT.

A king of North Wales, sub- dued by king Arthur, fighting

107 [CRA

on behalf of Leodogran, king of Cameliard.

Coming of Arthur.

CRAG-CLOISTER.

The monastery of Sumelas. It stands on the side of a rocky glen near Trebizond, 4,000 feet above the level of the sea, and is approached by a zigzag path at the side of the cliff. The foundation is considered to be some 1,500 years old, and in 1360 it was rebuilt by the emperor Alexius Comnenus. The bull of that emperor, which henceforth became its charter, is still preserved in the monas- tery, which also possesses the firman of Mohammed II, by which he accorded his protec- tion to the monks on becoming ruler of that part of Asia Minor. To Ulysses.

CRAKE.

A corn-crake, a bird which frequents grain fields.

In Memoriam.

CRANE.

A large wading bird, with long legs, neck and bill.

The Princess ; Progress of Spring

CRANMER.

Archbishop of Canterbury ; born at Aslacton, Nottingham. In 1522 he was appointed vicar of St. Mary's, Taunton. His opinion of the divorce of Henry VIII with Catherine of Aragon recommended him

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[CRO

to that monarch, which opinions he propounded in a treatise. In 1530 he was sent as an embassy to the pope, and two years later to the emperor Charles V, and while in Germany married a niece of the reformer Osiander. In 1533 he was created arch- bishop of Canterbury, and pro- nounced Henry's marriage with Catherine as invalid and that with Anne Boleyn lawful. On the accession of Mary he was committed to the Tower, but subsequently released. A charge of heresy was however brought against him and he was condemned. On the pro- mise of life he was induced to sign his abjuration of the Pro- testant faith. For having com- mitted this act he was struck with deep remorse, and when brought into St. Mary's Church, Oxford, to read his recantation in public, instead of complying he denounced the errors of the Romish Church. This greatly enraged his enemies, who, de- nouncing him as a heretic, dragged him to the stake oppo- site Balliol College. When the faggots were lighted he put his right hand in the flame and exclaimed ' This unworthy hand' (1489-1556).

Queen Mary.

CRAW.

Woa — theer's a craw to pluck wi' tha, Sam :

=crow, to have something to settle with some one. Northern Farmer ; New Style.

CRETE.

or Candia, an island in the Mediterranean sea.

On a Mourner. CRICHTON.

His own — I call'd him Crichton, for he seem'd All-perfect, finish'd to the finger nail.

James Crichton, surnamed ' the Admirable Crichton ' a Scottish nobleman. He visited Paris, Rome and other conti- nental universities, and at Venice he challenged all scholars, claiming to be an expert lin- guist, as well as an expert swordsman. He became tutor to the son of the duke of Man- tua. He was killed one night in the street, presumably by a body of masked men, when only twenty-three years of age.

Edwin Morris. CRICKET.

An orthopterous insect. The male makes a chirping noise by rubbing his wing-covers against each other.

Death of the Old Year ; In Memoriam ; Merlin and Vivien ; Lancelot and Elaine ; Voyage ofMaeldune.

CROCODILE'S TEARS.

= Affected tears.

A Dirge. CROCUS.

A bulbous plant with brilliant yellow or purple flowers.

(Enone ; Palace of Art ; To Rev. F. D. Maurice; Voyage of Maeldune ; Pre- fatory Sonnet to the * Nine- teenth Century ' ; Progress of Spring.

CRO]

109

CROW.

A large black bird.

Audley Court ; Locksley Hall; Will Water-proofs Lyrical Monologue ; Mer- lin and. Vivien ; The Ring ; Queen Mary ; The Fores- ters.

CROWN.

An inn sign.

and she brew'd the best ale in all Glo'ster, that is to say in her time when she had the 1 Crown.'

Becket. CUCKOO.

A bird whose name is sup- posed to be called from its note. It builds no nest of its own, but lays its eggs in the nests of other birds to be hatched by them. Gardener's Daughter ; The Princess ; The Window ; Coming of Arthur ; Lover's Tale ; Prefatory Poem to my Brother's Sonnets ; To Mary Boyle ; Progress of Spring ; Queen Mary.

CUCKOO-FLOWER.

A species of Cardamine, called . also Lady's Smock.

Margaret ; May Queen*

CULVER.

A dove, or wood-pigeon. Progress of Spring.

CUMBERLAND.

Promise of May.

CUNOBELINE.

=Camulodune (q.v.)

CUPID.

In Roman mythology the God of love, and the son of Mercury and Venus ; repre-

[CYR

sented as a winged boy and armed with a bow and a quiver of arrows. In Apuleius' Golden Ass Cupid and Psyche (g.v.) are the subjects of a beautiful fable representing the soul of per- fection.

Edwin Morris ; Talking Oak ; The Princess ; Becket.

CUSHIE.

Name of a cow.

Spinster's Sweet-Arts.

CYGNET.

A young swan.

Lancelot and Elaine.

CYPRESS.

An evergreen tree, whose branches used to be used at funerals and to adorn tombs y hence a symbol of mourning and sadness.

Amphion ; The Princess ; The Daisy ; In Memoriam ; Lover's T ale ; Dedicatory Poem to the Princess Alice ; Voyage of Maeldune ; Ak- bar's Dream ; The Cup.

CYRIL.

One of the two friends of prince Arac. A man of vigor- ous, healthy common-sense, un- disturbed by haunting fancies, unfettered by false modesty, and as clear-sighted as jovial. In gaining admission to the ladies' college he had a very humorous manner in dealing with two of the tutors. Psyche he appeased, by complimenting her abilities as a lecturer, and admiring Aglaia, her baby. The

CYP]

no

[DAI

lady Blanche he silenced by appealing to her ambitions. The Princess.

CYPRUS.

Again this Richard is the lion of Cyprus, Robin, the lion of Sherwood —

=Richard Cceur de Lion. When journeying to Jerusalem on the third Crusade he stayed some time at this island, and here he married Berengaria of Navarre, after having deposed the ruler of the island.

The Foresters.

CYRUS.

*/'• A warlike and blood-thirsty king who after subduing the eastern parts of Asia organized an expedition against the Mas- sagetae in Scythia. Tomyris (^.2>.)> queen of the Massagetae, met and defeated him, and cutting off his head threw it into a vessel filled with human blood, remarking as she did so, < There, drink thy fill.'

And great bronze valves, emboss'd with

Tomyris And what she did to Cyprus after fight,

The Princess. CZAR.

And Jack on his ale-house bench has as many lies as a Czar;

Represents the indignation of the English people with Russia in 1853 at her destruc- tion of the independence of Poland, and its tyrannous de- mand for the surrender of the Hungarian refugees.

Maud.

DAFFODIL.

A plant of the genus Nar-

cissus. It has a bulbous root, and flowers of a yellow hue.

Maud ; Lover's Tale ;

Prefatory Sonnet to the

( Nineteenth Century?

DAFFODILLY.

^Daffodil.

The Princess.

DAGONET.

King Arthur's Fool and a Knight of the Round Table.

And upon a day Sir Dagonet, King Arthur's fool, came into Cornwall, with two squires with him,

* * *

For they would not for no good that Sir Dagonet were hurt, for king Arthur loved him passing well, and made him knight with his own hands. And at every tournament he began to make king Arthur to laugh.

Malory : Morte d' Arthur, Book X. chap. xii.

Tennyson says that he was made a mock-knight by Gawain.

DAGONET, the fool, whom Gawain in his mood Had made mock-knight of Arthur's Table

Round, At Camelot,

Last Tournament.

DAHOMEY.

A French colony on the Guinea coast of Africa. The colony represents the former native kingdom of Dahomey, where human victims were offered in sacrifice, but these were prohibited after the coun- try was subdued by the French in 1892.

Head-hunters and boats of Dahomey that float upon human blood !

The Dawn.

DAISY.

Name of a cow.

Queen Mary.

DAISY.

A common wild-flower. Two Voices ; Gardener's

DAM]

III

[DAN

Daughter ; The Daisy ; City Child ; In Memoriam ; Maud; Lover's Tale ; The Wreck; The Ring; The Throstle ; Queen Mary ; Promise of May ; The Foresters.

DAMON.

The polish'd Damon of your pastoral here, This Dobson of your idyll?

A goat-herd in Virgil's Eclogues.

Promise of May. DAN.

DANNY O'ROON.

The lover of a certain Molly Magee. They agreed to meet on the morrow at a chapel- door, but that to-morrow never came. Years afterwards his body was found in a peat bog, perfectly preserved. Molly recognized the body as that of her former lover and fell dead by his side.

Tomorrow. DANAE.

An Argive princess, daughter of Acrisius (q.v.), king of Argos. She was confined in an inacces- sible tower of brass by her father, where she was visited by Jupiter in the form of a shower of gold, and became the mother of Perseus. She was then, with her son, cast into the sea, but was rescued by a fisher- man named Dictys, of the island of Seriphos. Polydectes, king of the island, wished her to marry him, but Perseus rescued her, and took her back to Greece.

The included Danae has escaped again Her tower, and her Acrisius — where to seek ? I have been about the city.

The Princess ; Becket.

DAN AID.

Danaus, king of Argos, had fifty daughters, called the Danaids. ^Egyptus, brother of Belus, king of Egypt, and his fifty sons drove Danaus and his fifty daughters from Egypt into Argos. The sons of ^Egyptus subsequently followed and compelled Danaus to give his daughters in marriage. At their father's command they all (with one exception), mur- dered their husbands on their wedding-night, and were pun- ished in Hades by having to pour water everlastingly into sieves.

Let not your prudence, dearest, drowse, or

prove The Danaid of a leaky vase,

The heads of the sons of ^Egyptus were buried at Argos ; but their bodies were left at Lerna, where they had been murdered.

The Princess.

DANCE OF DEATH.

An allegorical representation of the universal power of death, dating from the fourteenth century. Frescoes of the Dance of Death are painted on the walls of the Campo Santo at Pisa ; on the walls of the Tower of London ; the cloister of St. Paul's ; the Hungerford Chapel at Salisbury Cathedral ; and many other churches. Queen Mary.

DAN]

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[DBA

DAN CHAUCER.

Dan Chaucer, the first warbler, whose sweet breath

Preluded those melodious bursts that fill The spacious times of great Elizabeth

With sounds that echo still.

Dan is a title of honour com- monly used by old poets.

Dream of Fair Women.

DANIEL.

Refers to Daniel, a book of the Old Testament.

Sea Dreams. DANIEL.

Has reference to Daniel, the Hebrew Prophet.

Harold. DANNY. DANNY O'ROON. See Dan.

Tomorrow. DAN SMITH.

A farm labourer.

Promise of May. DANTE.

The most distinguished of the Italian poets.

Palace of Art. DANUBE.

The Danube to the Severn gave The darken'd heart that beat no more ; They laid him by the pleasant shore,

And in the hearing of the wave.

Let her great Danube rolling fair Enwind her isles, unmark'd of me : I have not seen, I will not see

Vienna ;

Arthur Henry Hallam, died at Vienna on the Danube, and was buried at Clevedon on the Severn.

In Memoriam.

DARNLEY BRIDGE.

There is Darnley bridge It'has more ivy ;

The Brook. DARNLEY CHASE.

Then crost the common into Darnley chase To show Sir Arthur's deer.

The Brook.

DAUPHIN, THE.

The title of the eldest son of the king of France, and heir to the crown. Since the Re- volution of 1830 the title has been discontinued. Mary, queen of Scots, was married to the dauphin of France in 1558, who for a year (1559-60) was king Frances II.

Queen Mary. DAVID.

King David called the heavens a hide,

See Psalm civ. 2.

Columbus.

DAVID.

They say the gloom of Saul Was lightened by young David's harp

See Samuel xvi. 23.

Queen Mary.

And no David See Samuel xvii.

Harold.

DAVID.

To meet him ?

DAWES (Jocky). See Jocky Dawes.

Walking to the Mail.

DEAD INNOCENCE. See Tourna- ment of the Dead Innocence.

DEAD MARCH.

Hush, the Dead March wails in the people's

ears : The dark crowd moves, and there are sobs and

tears :

=a funeral march in Handel's Oratorio.

Ode on the death of the Duke of Wellington*

DEAN.

An ancient royal forest in the west of Gloucestershire.

Marriage of Geraint ; Pel- leas and Ettarre.

DEB]

[DEN

DE BRITO.

One of the murderers of Thomas Becket.

Becket.

DE BROG.

of Saltwood Castle. It was at this castle that the four knights — murderers of Becket — stayed upon their arrival in England from Normandy, and from thence proceeded to Canter- bury.

Becket.

DEE.

The river Dee ; rises in Bala lake in Merionethshire and flows into the Irish Sea. The ancient Britons considered it to be a sacred river, its ancient name Deva meaning divine.

As the south-west that blowing Bala lake Fills all the sacred Dee.

Geraint and Enid. DEER.

A quadruped of several species, as the stag, the fallow- deer, the reindeer, etc.

Talking Oak ; Sir Launce- lot and Queen Guinevere; The Brook ; Aylmer's Field ; The Princess ; The Victim ; Gareth andLynette; Last Tournament ; Harold ; Becket; The Cup; The Foresters.

DELIUS.

A surname of Apollo, because he was born at Delos.

Lucretius. DE MORVILLE.

Hugh de Morville, son of Hugh de Morville, of Burgh-

on- Sands, and one who took part in the murder of Thomas Becket. He married Helwis de Stuteville and thus inherited the castle of Knaresbo rough. There is scant evidence as to whether he actually struck the archbishop, as he kept back the crowd which were pouring into the cathedral. After the mur- der he rode with his companions to Saltwood Castle, and thence to Knares borough, where he sheltered his fellow-murderers, and finally was sent by the pope to the Holy Land as a penance, after which he regained the royal favour. He died in 1204. Becket.

DEMOS.

Celtic Demos rose a Demon,

The mob of France, with Celtic blood in their veins.

Locksley Hall Sixty Tears After.

DENIS.

DENIS OF FRANCE.

Bishop of Paris and patron saint of France. One of the missionaries sent from Rome in the third century to convert the Gauls. By order of the Roman governor he was tor- tured and put to death about 270 A.D.

Ay, by St. Denis, now will he flame out, And lose his head as old St. Denis did.

Becket.

DENMARK.

The King of France is with us ; the King of Denmark is with us; the world is with us — war against Spain !

Queen Mary.

DER]

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[DIG

DERWENT.

A river in Derbyshire.

Where lie the Norsemen ? on the Derwent ?

ay At Stamford-bridge.

Harold.

DESENZANO.

Row us out from Desenzano, to your Sirmione

row ! So they row'd, and there we landed —

A small town at the south- west angle of the Lago de Garda in Italy.

Prater Ave Atque Vale.

DE TRACY.

William de Tracy, one of the murderers of Thomas Becket. He was the first to approach the archbishop, and struggled be- fore the altar with Becket who dashed him on the pavement. He is considered to have struck the first mortal blow which nearly severed the arm of Ed- ward Grim — Becket's cross- bearer — who rushed be- tween the archbishop and De Tracy. With his fellow-mur- derers he rode back to Salt- wood Castle, and thence to Knaresborough, the home of de Morville ; and was the first of the four to surrender him- self to the pope ; but the last to set out for the Holy Land. He however got no farther than the isle of Sicily, where he was taken ill of a foul disease and died in 1173, praying for for- giveness. Becket.

DEVILSTOW.

He bad me put her into a nunnery — Into Godstow, into Hellstow, Devilstow ! The Church ! the Church ! God's eyes !

Becket.

DEVON. See Courtenay, Earl of Devon.

DEVON (County of).

Marriage of Geraint ; Ger- aint and Enid; The Re- venge ; Queen Mary.

DIAN. See Diana.

The Princess ; The Foresters. DIANA.

An Italian goddess, the dis- penser of light, identified with theGreek goddess Artemis (q.v.). She was a virgin goddess repre- sented as presiding over the open country, armed with a bent bow and quiver and attended by gods. The temple of Diana at Ephesus was one of the seven wonders of the world.

but also that the temple of the great goddess Diana should be despised, and her magnifi- cence should be destroyed, whom all Asia and the world worshippeth.

Acts xix. 27.

Literary Squabbles ; The Cup. DICK.

Thim's my noations, Sammy, wheerby I

means to stick ; But if thou marries a bad un, I'll leave the

land to Dick.—

Son of a northern farmer, who was to receive the lands at his father's death, if his brother married ' a bad 'un.'

Northern Farmer, New Style.

DICK— DICKY.

Son of a north of England farmer. When young his life was saved by their faithful dog c Owd Roa.'

Ozud Rod. DICKON.

look ye, here's little Dickon, and little Robin, and little Jenny—

DIG]

[DIG

One of a crowd of women and children collected together on London Bridge.

Queen Mary.

DICKON.

One of the three pages attendant on queen Mary.

Queen Mary. DIDO.

Ilion falling, Rome arising, wars, and filial faith, and Dido's pyre ;

Daughter of Belus, king of Tyre. Having put Sichaeus to death for the sake of his wealth she fled to Africa and founded Carthage. Hairbas, king of the Libyans, made suit for her hand in marriage, but in order to escape him she erected a funeral pyre and stabbed herself in the presence of her subjects. Ac- cording to Virgil she fell in love with ^Eneas, who fleeing from Troy, visited Dido at Carthage, but the gods ordered him to leave her, and on his doing so she stabbed herself with a sword given her by him. When Por- son, the celebrated Greek scholar — who boasted he could rhyme on any subject, was asked to rhyme upon the three Latin gerunds, he gave this couplet :

When Dido found Eneas would not come, She mourned in silence, and was Di-do dum (b). Brewer : Dictionary of Phrase and Fable.

To Firgil. DIES ILLA.

DIES HUE.

let 'em look to it,

Cranmer and Hooper, Ridley and Latimer, Rogers and Ferrar, for their time is come. Their hour is hard at hand, their ' dies Irae,' Their ' dies Ilia,' which will test their sect.

Dies Ilia = That (awful)

day. Dies Irce = Day of Wrath ; the name of a famous mediaeval Latin hymn on the Last Judgment, the opening lines of which are :

Dies irae, dies ilia,

Solvet saeclum, in favilla

Teste David cum sybilla.

The day of wrath, that dreadful day

Shall all the world in ashes lay,

As David and the sybils say.

The hymn is supposed to have been written by Thomas de Celano, a Franciscan friar of the thirteenth century. Macaulay's version of the lines is :

On that great, that awful day, This vain world shall pass away, Thus the sibyl sang of old.

Queen Mary. DIET.

Yet while they rode together down the plain. Their talk was all of training, terms of art, Diet and seeling, jesses, leash and lure.

Has reference to the feeding of hawks, which was an import- ant matter in their manage- ment.

Merlin and Vivien.

DIM SAESNEG.

The Shepherd, when I 'speak, Failing a sudden eyelid with his hard ' Dim Saesueg ' passes, wroth at things of old —

Two Welsh words meaning

' no Saxon ' and ' no English.'

Sir John Oldcastle,

Lord Cobham. DIOTIMA.

A Mantineia priestess, the teacher of Socrates. Socrates was put to death by poison in 399 B.C. on a charge of teaching atheistic and immoral doctrines. The usual method of inflicting the death penalty in Athens at that period was by a decoction of the hemlock.

DIR]

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[DOR

beneath an emerald plane Sits Diotima, teaching him that died Of hemlock ;

The Princess.

DIRCE.

Wife of Lycus,king of Thebes, who for her ill-treatment of Antiope, her divorced pre- decessor, was by Antiope's two sons — Amphion (<?-^.) and Zethus — tied to the tail of a wild bull, which dragged her about, until the gods, pitying her sufferings, changed her into a fountain, which bore her name ever after.

Tiresias.

DIVES.

When Dives loathed the times, and paced his land

In fear of worse, And sanguine Lazarus felt a vacant hand

Fill with his purse.

The name given to the rich man in the parable of the Rich Man and Lazarus. Luke xvi. To Mary Boyle.

DOBBINS (Dobson).

Promise of May.

DOBSON.

A farmer, in love with Dora, daughter of farmer Steer.

Promise of May.

DOE.

The female of the fallow- deer.

The Foresters ; Lady Clare.

DON.

' We be all good English men. Let us bang these dogs of Seville, the children

of the devil, For I never turn'd my back upon Don or

devil yet.'

A Spanish title.

The Revenge.

DON CARLOS. See Carlos. DONOVAN'S WAKE.

An' he ped me back wid the best he could give at ould Donovan's wake —

A wake is a festival held on the anniversary of a patron saint, especially in Ireland.

Tomorrow.

DOON (Bonny). See Bonny Doon.

DOORM.

A russet-bearded earl who tried to make Enid his mistress ; and because she would not con- sent smote her on the cheek ; whereupon her husband, Sir Geraint, cut off his head with one stroke of his sword.

Take my salute,' unknightly with flat hand. However lightly, smote her on the cheek. Then Enid,

* * *

Sent forth a sudden sharp and bitter cry,

This heard Geraint, and grasping at his sword, (It lay beside him in the hollow shield), Made but a single bound, and with a sweep of

it

Shore thro' the swarthy neck, and like a ball The russet- bearded head roll'd on the floor.

Geraint and Enid.

DORA.

A niece of farmer Allan.

Dora.

DORA. DORA STEER.

Daughter of farmer Steer, and sister of Eva (q-v.)

Promise of May.

DORMOUSE.

A rodent, so-called because they are usually torpid in winter. It is allied to the mouse, and resembles the squirrel in habits.

The Window.

DOR]

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[DUB

DORSET— DORSETSHIRE

(County of).

First Quarrel.

DOVE.

A pigeon.

Supposed Confessions of a Second-rate Sensitive Mind ; Miller's Daughter ; Gar- dener's Daughter's Walk- ing to the Mail ; Locksley Hall ; Lucretius ; The Princess ; The Window ; In Memoriam ; Maud ; To E. Fitzgerald ; Progress of Spring ; Harold ; Becket.

DOVER.

A seaport in Kent. Queen Mary ; Harold ;

Becket.

DRAGON.

Inn sign.

Slip-shod waiter, lank and sour, At the Dragon on the heath !

Let us have a quiet hour,

Let us hob-and-nob with Death.

Vision of Sin.

DRAGON-FLY.

An insect of the family libellula.

Two Voices ; Marriage of Geraint ; Lover's Tale.

DRAGON OF THE GREAT PEN- DRAGONSHIP.

And while he spake to these his helm was

lower'd,

To which for crest the golden dragon clung Of Britain ; so she did not see the face, Which then was an angel's, but she saw, Wet with the mists and smitten by the lights, The Dragon of the great Pendragonship Blaze, making all the night a steam of fire.

The crest of Arthur's helmet. Spenser describes it thus :

His haughtie Helmet, horrid all with god, Both glorious brightnesse and great terrour

bredd : For all the crest a Dragon did enfold

With greedie pawes, and over all did spredd His golden winges : his dreadfull hideous hedd Close couched on the bever, seemed to throw From flaming mouth bright sparckles fiery

redd, That suddeine horrour to faint hartes did

show ; And scaly tayle was stretcht adowne his back

full low.

Spenser: Faerie Queene, Book I. Canto vii.

Guinevere. DRAGON'S MOUTH.

And made West East, and sail'd the Dragon's mouth,

The passage between the island of Trinidad and the peninsula of Paria, South America. In the rainy months of July and August the impetu- ous body of water which flows through the gulf of Paria renders the entrance and exit extremely dangerous to naviga- tion.

Columbus.

DRUID.

A priest among the ancient Celtic nations, particularly of Gaul and Britain.

Boddicea.

DRUIDESS.

A prophetess, or a female Druid.

Boddicea.

DRYAD-LIKE.

And when my marriage morn may fall,

She, Dryad-like, shall wear Alternate leaf and acorn-ball

In wreath about her hair.

In Greek mythology the Dryads were nymphs who were supposed to dwell in the forests. Talking Oak.

DUBRIC,

or Dubritius, archbishop of Caerleon-upon-Usk ; the ' City of Legions,' and primate of

DUD]

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[BAG

Britain. Geoffrey of Mon- mouth says :

He was primate of Britain, was so eminent for his piety, that he could cure any sick per- son by his prayers.

Tennyson calls him ' Dubric the high saint,' and he is men- tioned on the occasion of the marriage of king Arthur and Guinevere ; and also as having set the crown on the head of Arthur at Caerleon-upon-Usk.

To whom arrived, by Dubric the high saint, Chief of the Church in Britain, and before The stateliest of her altar-shrines, the King That morn was married,

Coming of Arthur.

And all that week was old Caerleon gay, For by the hands of Dubric, the high saint, They twain were wedded with all ceremony. Marriage of Geraint.

Coming of Arthur ; Mar- riage of Geraint ; Geraint and Enid.

DUDLEY (Guildford). See Guild- ford Dudley.

DUGLAS.

The scene of four Arthurian battles. The Duglas is said to be the river Douglas in Lan- cashire which falls into the estuary of the Ribble. Other authorities consider it is a stream in Lennox, which falls into Loch Lomond.

And in the four loud battles by the shore Of Duglas ;

Lancelot and Elaine.

DUMBLE.

Name of a cow.

Queen Mary.

DUNSTAN.

Archbishop of Canterbury, born at Glastonbury in 924. In 945 he was made abbot of Glastonbury by king Edmund,

and soon made the monastery famous as a seat of learning. King Edgar created him bishop of Worcester, and afterwards bishop of London. In 959, consequent on the death of Edwy, Edgar became king of the whole of England and he made Dunstan archbishop of Canterbury. He died in 958 and was afterwards canonized.

Harold. DURHAM (Dean of).

Queen Mary.

DWARF-ELM.

An elm which is much below the ordinary size of its species, or kind.

Pelleas and Ettarre.

DYFLEN.

^Dublin.

Shaping their way toward Dyflen again, Shamed in their souls.

Battle of Brunanburh.

EAGLE.

A rapacious bird of the genus Falco.

Palace of Art ; Golden Year ; Godiva ; The Prin- cess ; Ode on the Death of the Duke of Wellington ,- Boddicea ; In Memoriam ; Coming of Arthur ; Gareth and Lynette ; Merlin and Vivien ; Last Tournament ; Montenegro ; Battle of Brunanburh ; The Wreck; Opening of the Indian and Colonial Exhibition.

EAGLE-OWL.

A genus of large owls.

Gareth and Lynette.

EDE]

EDEN.

Two Voices ; Gardener's Daughter ; Locksley Hall ; Day-Dream ; Enoch Ar- den ; The Princess ; The Islet ; Milton ; In Me- moriam ; Maud ; Geraint and Enid ; Lover's Tale ; Happy ; The Foresters.

EDEN-ISLES.

The Philippine islands.

To Ulysses.

EDGAR (the Atheling).

A Saxon prince, and grand- son of Edmund Ironside ; was proclaimed king of England after the death of Harold at the battle of Senlac, but was kept out of the throne by the Conqueror. He made two un- successful attempts to over- throw William, and compelled to leave the country took refuge with Malcolm, king of Scotland, who married Edgar's sister Margaret. Embracing the cause of Robert, duke of Nor- mandy against Rufus, he was driven from Scotland and went with Baldwin II, to the Cru- sades ; was finally taken prisoner in 1106 when fighting for duke Robert against his brother Henry I. He died in obscurity. Harold.

EDGAR (afterwards Mr. Harold).

See Eva. Promise of May.

EDITH.

Eadgyth Swanneshals (Edith of the Swan's neck) ; ward of king Edward the Confessor, and

119 [EDI

afterwards the mistress of king Harold. After the battle of Senlac she went in search of the body of Harold and found it underneath a heap of slain. Harold.

EDITH. See Alymer.

Aylmer's Field.

EDITH.

Wife of the impetuous boy lover mentioned in Locksley Hall. Years brought recon- ciliation to him, and a stronger, deeper and more reasonable love for Edith.

She with all the charm of woman, she with all

the breadth of man, Strong in will and rich in wisdom, Edith, yet

so lowly-sweet, Woman in her inmost heart, and woman to

her tender feet.'

Locksley Hall Sixty Tears After.

EDITH.

One of two sisters — the other being Evelyn — both of whom were loved by the same man, who eventually married Evelyn, Edith being bridesmaid. Dur- ing the wedding ceremony she was pale and statuelike, and spoke no word at parting. Her grief at her sister's marriage with her former lover, was so great that she died soon after- wards.

Sisters (Evelyn and Edith).

EDITH.

EDITH MONTFORT.

Betrothed to Ralph who took part in the tournament, and earned great praise from his king. At the conclusion of the

EDM]

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[EDW

tournament Edith crowned Ralph

and flush'd as red As poppies when she crown'd it.

The Tourney.

EDMUND.

Brother of Lawrence Aylmer. On account of ill health he went to the warm climate of Italy, but the journey was taken when it was too late to save his life. Poetry and not money-making was what he cared for :

One whom the strong sons of the world despise ;

For lucky rhymes to him were scrip and share,

And mellow metres more than cent for cent ;

* * *

' Poor lad, he died at Florence, quite worn out, Travelling to Naples.'

The Brook.

EDMUND ATHELING.

King of the Mercians and West Saxons, son of Edward the Elder ; was present at the battle of Brunanburh in 937, where he and his brother Athel- stan (q.v.) gained a decisive victory over Anlaf the Dane, Constantine of Scotland and the Northumbrian Danes ; suc- ceeded his brother in 941. On May 26, 946, an outlaw named Leof slipped into the banquet- ing-hall of Edmund, who was celebrating the festival of St. Augustine at Pucklechurch in Gloucester. The king endea- voured to remove him, where- upon the outlaw stabbed him with a dagger (922-946).

Battle of Brunanburh.

EDMUND IRONSIDE. See Eng- lish Ironside.

EDMUND (Saint).

King of the East Angles. Son of king Alkmund of Saxony, he was adopted by Offa, king of the East Angles as his heir, and succeeded 855. In 870, during the Danish invasion, he was defeated at Hoxne, and, being captured by the Danes was beheaded on refusing to re- nounce Christianity. He was buried at Hoxne, but his re- mains were afterwards trans- lated to Bury St. Edmunds. He was subsequently canonized (841-870).

Harold.

EDWARD (the Confessor).

King of England and the elder son of Ethelred the Unready ; born at Islip, Oxfordshire ; married Edith, daughter of the great earl Godwin, and suc- ceeded to the throne in 1042. The greater part of his life was spent in Normandy. He was a pious and peaceful man, but a feeble monarch. He died in 1066 and was buried in West- minster Abbey. In 1161 he was canonized by Alexander III (1004-1066).

Harold.

EDWARD (the Elder).

King of the Anglo-Saxons (921-925). He was the eldest son and successor of Alfred the Great, and most of his reign was spent in war with the Danes, regaining from them the greater portion of central England. Battle of Brunanburh.

EDW]

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[EDW

EDWARD (the First).

Surnamed Longshanks, king of England, eldest son of Henry III, born at Westminster in 1239, ascended the throne in 1272, married Eleanor of Castile. He came first into prominence in the war with the Barons, whom he defeated at Evesham ; joined the last Crusade in 1270, and distin- guished himself at Acre ; re- turned to England in 1274 to assume the crown, having been two years previously pro- claimed king. Under his reign Wales was finally subdued and annexed to England, and during the latter part of his reign was largely engaged in Scottish affairs, winning the battle of Falkirk in 1298, and seven years later captured and executed Wallace. Some years previ- ously Edward had, along with queen Eleanor, visited Glaston- bury and taken away as relics the skulls of king Arthur and queen Guinevere, which had been found buried in Glaston- bury Abbey. He died in 1307 at Burgh-on-sands while lead- ing an army against Robert Bruce.

Queen Mary.

EDWARD (the Third).

King of England, born at Windsor 1312, son of Edward II whom he succeeded in 1327. During his boyhood the government was carried on by regency. In 1328 the inde-

pendence of Scotland was recog- nized, but the principal event of his reign was the beginning of the Hundred Years' War with France. In 1340 Edward de- feated the French fleet at Sluys, one of the earliest vic- tories of English arms at sea ; on August 26, 1346, he routed the French forces at Cre^y ; and in October of the same year queen Philippa defeated the Scots — who had invaded England — at Neville's Cross. In 1347 Edward captured Calais, but the ravages of the black death in the succeeding year stopped hostilities for a time. In 1355 the war was resumed, and in the following year the Black Prince won a brilliant victory at Poitiers. By the peace of Bretigny in 1360 Calais, Ponthieu, Gascony and the greater part of the duchy of Aquitaine were added to the English crown. War broke out again in 1369, but it proved disastrous to England, involving as it did the with- drawal of Edward's claim to the French crown. The Black Prince died in 1376, and twelve months later Edward died, having reigned fifty years. It was during this reign that the Lords and Commons first sat in different chambers and the Order of the Garter insti- tuted.

On the Jubilee of Queen Victoria.

EDW]

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[EDW

EDWARD (the Fourth).

King of England, son of Richard, duke of York, born 1442. He succeeded the Lan- castrian Henry VI in 1461, whom he defeated at Towton. The chief event of his reign was the War of the Roses, the Yorkists gaining victories at Hedgeley Moor, Hexham, Bar- net and Tewkesbury. During his reign Carton introduced the printing press. He died in

1483-

Queen Mary.

EDWARD (the Sixth).

King of England, son of Henry VIII and Jane Seymour, born 1537. Being only nine years old at his succession, the government was carried on by regency under the earl of Hert- ford and later the duke of Somerset. His reign was marked by a victory over the Scots at Pinkie in 1547, and in 1549 the first Prayer Book of Edward VI was issued. In the same year Somerset was deposed from the protectorate, and Warwick, who in 1551 had become duke of Northumber- land became supreme, and had Somerset executed in January 1552. In the same year the second Prayer Book of Edward VI — which was of a more re- formed type than the first — was issued, as well as the forty- two articles embodying the doctrines of the Church. By the advice of Northumberland

he left the crown to lady Jane Grey. He died in 1553, having reigned only six years.

Queen Mary. EDWARD.

Christian name.

Locksley Hall Sixty Tears After. EDWARD BULL.

A curate friend of Edwin Morris, who was spending a holiday by a lake.

Edwin Morris.

EDWARD GRAY.

The lover of Ellen Adair, who on account of her shyness r which he mistook for coldness y left her, and went across the sea. On his return he found she had pined and died. He reproached himself for his treat- ment of her, and

will love no more, no more , Till Ellen Adair come back to me.

Edward Gray.

EDWARD HEAD.

The subject of a conversation between two men walking to the mail. He left his country house and went abroad, vex'd with a melancholy that pos- sessed him like an evil spirit.

' sick of home went overseas for change.'

Walking to the Mail.

EDWIN.

The absent lover of one of two sisters, who had gone on a voyage to

' those islands of the Blest !

While he was away her father planned a marriage which to

EDW]

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[EGL

her was loathsome, and in order to avoid it, the two sisters decided to fly away together.

O would I were in Edwin's arms — once more

— to feel his breath, Upon my cheek — on Edwin's ship, with

Edwin, ev'n in death,

The Flight.

EDWIN.

Earl of Mercia, son of Alfgar, whom he succeeded in 1062 ; joined his brother Morcar in his revolt against earl Tostig, and was defeated by the Norsemen, under Hardrada at Fulford Gate, near York, September 20, 1066. After the battle of Sen- lac he opposed the Conqueror, and made his last stand in person on the banks of the river Weaver, near Nantwich, but being defeated, surrendered, made submission to William and was pardoned. In 1071 he joined the insurrection in the Isle of Ely under Hereward the Wake, and met his death on his way to the ' Camp of Refuge.'

Harold.

EDWIN.

EDWIN MORRIS.

A man skilled in botany and geology, a poet, and with various other accomplishments.

he seem'd All-perfect, finish'd to the finger nail.

He made the friendship of a man who had intended to spend a holiday by the lake, but being disappointed in his love affair,

left Edwin, nor have seen Him since, nor heard of her, nor cared to hear.

Edwin Morris.

EDYRN.

Son of Nudd, and nephew of earl Yniol. He was a mali- cious man, and was called the ' sparrow-hawk.'

And toppling over all antagonism

Had earn'd himself the name of sparrow-hawk

He ousted his uncle fron\ his earldom and attempted to win his daughter Enid, but was unsuccessful. Being over- thrown in a tournament by sir Geraint, he was compelled to restore the earldom to Yniol, after which he was sent to the court of Arthur, and became a reformed character.

Marriage of Geraint ; Geraint and Enid.

EFFIE.

Sister to the * Queen of the May ' (§'.£'•)•

Little Erne shall go with me to-morrow to the

And you'll be there, too, mother, to see me made the Queen ;

May Queen. EGBERT.

These old pheasant-lords, These partridge-breeders of a thousand years, Who had mildew'd in their thousands, doing

nothing Since Egbert — why, the greater their disgrace !

Has reference to Egbert, king of the West Saxons.

Aylmer's Field.

EGLANTINE.

A name given to the sweet- brier, and some other species of rose. Milton seems to have applied the name to some twining plant —

Through the sweet-briar or the vine, Or the twisted eglantine.

Milton: L" Allegro, 47-48.

The Window ; Lover's Tale.

EGL]

124

[ELE

EGLATERE.

= Eglantine.

A Dirge.

EGYPT.

Dream of Fair Women ; The Princess; To Pro- fessor Jebb ; Becket ; The Cup ; Promise of May ; Columbus.

ELAINE.

The c lily maid of Astolat,' daughter of king Pelles, and mother of Galahad, son of Lancelot ; a lady at the court of king Arthur in love with Lancelot, whose shield she had in her charge.

ELAINE the fair, Elaine the loveable, Elaine, the lily maid of Astolat, High in her chamber up a tower to the east Guarded the sacred shield of Lancelot :

When Lancelot claimed the shield and bid the damsel good- bye she confessed her love for him ; but being told by Sir Lancelot that his love was another's, she pined and died. According to her dying request her dead body was placed on a bed in a barge, with a letter in her right hand, and, thus conveyed to the palace of king Arthur. The letter, telling of her love for Lancelot was handed to the king who ordered her story to be blazoned on her tomb.

And while my body is hot, let this letter be put in my right hand, and my hand bound fast with the letter until that I be cold and let me be put in a fair bed . . . and so let my bed ... be laid with me in a chariot unto the next place where Thames is, and there let me be put within a barget,

Malory: Morte d' Arthur, Book XVIII. chap. xix.

When the barget arrived

before the king, he took the latter and brake it and made a clerk to read it : this being the substance of the letter :

Most noble knight, Sir Launcelot, now hath death made us two at debate for your love ; I was your lover, that men called the fair maiden of Astolat ; therefore unto all ladies I make my moan ; yet pray for my soul, and bury me at the least and offer ye my mass-penny. This is my last request. And a clean maiden I died, I take God to witness. Pray for my soul, Sir Launcelot, as thou art peerless.

Malory: Morte d1 Arthur, Book XVIII. chap. xx.

Lancelot and Elaine.

ELBURZ.

A mountain range in North Persia, south of the Caspian. A Welcome to Her Royal Highness Marie Alexandrov- na, Duchess of Edinburgh.

ELEANOR.

of Aquitaine, daughter of duke William X of Aquitaine ; married Louis VII of France, 1137, divorced 1152, and in the following year married Henry, count of Anjou and duke of Normandy, afterwards Henry II of England. Became jealous of Henry on account of his paramour the ' fair Rosamund,' whom she poisoned. For ex- citing her sons to rebel against their father she was imprisoned for sixteen years, released on the accession of Richard I, and in his absence in the Holy Land was made regent. She died a nun in the Abbey of Fonte- vrault in 1204.

Dream of Fair Women / Becket. ELEANORE,

Eleanore.

ELE]

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[ELL

ELEUSIS.

A town in ancient Attica, north-west of Athens. It pos- sessed a famous temple for the worship of Demeter, and was the scene of an annual festival lasting nine days held in honour of Demeter and Persephone. The Greek Archaeological Society a few years ago dis- covered the remains of some of its famous buildings.

Demeter and Persephone.

ELF.

A supernatural being, much like a fairy, supposed to haunt hills and wild places.

Every elf and fairy sprite, Hop as light as bird from brier ; Shakespeare: Midsummer-Night's Dream, Act V. Scene »'.

The Foresters. ELISABETTA.

Nurse to count Federigo degli Alberighi.

The Falcon. ELIZABETH.

Queen of England, and only child of Henry VIII and Anne Boleyn, born at Greenwich, 1533. She was educated in the Protestant religion, and in the reign of Mary was sent to the Tower, afterwards to Wood- stock, where she was kept till 1555, being then taken to the royal palace at Hatfield. On the death of Mary in 1558 she was proclaimed queen, and four years later refused the offer of Philip II of Spain (husband of Mary) of marriage. In 1561 Mary, queen of the Scots, claimed to be Mary's suc-

cessor, but being defeated at Langside, fled to England and was confined by Elizabeth in Tutbury castle, and on the charge of conspiracy was be- headed. Pope Pius V in 1570 issued a bull excommunicating the queen, an act which was immediately answered by the enactment of penal statutes against the Roman Catholics, The chief event of her reign occurred in 1588, when Philip of Spain sent against England his Armada, to which the pope had given the appellation of Invincible — which was de- feated by Drake and Hawkins, She died in 1603.

Dream of Fair Women ;

'The Princess ; Queen Mary,

ELIZABETH (Aunt).

' To the Abbey : there is Aunt Elizabeth And sister Lilia with the rest.'

Aunt to Walter, son of sir Walter Vivian, who lived at Maidstone Park. At the time of speaking, Elizabeth with others, was spending the day at the house of sir Walter Vivian, where a festival was being held.

The Princess.

ELLEN.

An Isle of Wight girl, who told the story of her unhappy life to a sympathetic doctor. When quite young she was the sweetheart of a boy of the same village. When the boy — Harry — was grown up, a farmer relative sent for him to work on his farm. He said good-bye

ELL]

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[ELY

to Ellen, went to Dorsetshire, and while there got into trouble with another girl. He returned, and on Christmas Day married Ellen. Work was, however, scant in the Isle, so Harry crossed the Solent in search of em- ployment. In waiting for his return Ellen set to righting the house, and found a letter written to Harry by the Dorset- shire girl. On his return she refused to be reassured by his assurances of his love and trust. He left her, and she refused to say good-bye. He wrote to say he had work in Jersey - but in crossing, the boat went down and he was drowned.

First Quarrel.

ELLEN.

ELLEN ADAIR.

A maiden in love, much against the will of her parents, with a certain Edward Gray, who mistook her quiet and reserved manner for coldness and pride. Being angry with her he fled over the sea.

Shy she was, and I thought her cold ; Thought her proud, and fled over the sea";

During his absence she pined and died. On his return he .saw his folly, but it was now too late.

Love may come, and love may go, And fly, like a bird, from tree to tree ;

But I will love no more, no more, Till Ellen Adair come back to me.

Where her body is buried, there lies his heart also.

There lies the body of Ellen Adair ! And there the heart of Edward Gray!

Edward Gray.

ELLEN.

ELLEN AUBREY.

The subject of a song sung by Everard Hall, at the con- clusion of a picnic, in reply to that sung by his friend, Francis Hale. Everard found the song in a book of songs, but sub- stituted familiar names — of which Ellen Aubrey was one — in place of the original ones.

I found it in a volume, all of songs, * * *

I set the words, and added names I knew.

Audley Court. ELM. ELM-TREE.

A tree of the genus Ulmus. Ode to Memory ; Gar- dener's Daughter ; Am- phion ; The Princess ; In Memoriam ; Balin and Balan ; Lover's Tale ; The Ring ; To Ulysses ; To Mary Boyle ; May Queen ; Sir Launcelot and Queen Guinevere.

ELSINORE.

A seaport on the island of Zeeland in Denmark ; and the scene of Shakespeare's Hamlet. Buonaparte.

ELY (Bishop of). See Thirlby.

ELY (City of).

Harold. ELYSIAN.

= Elysium, the Greek heaven. There is a description of the place in the Odyssey.

Lotos-Eaters ; The Princess.

ELYSIUM.

The land of the blest, where

EMI]

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[ENG

the souls of the righteous passed without dying. The place is considered to be the Canary Islands.

Demeter and Persephone.

EMILIA.

Sister of Ellen Aubrey, both of whom are mentioned in a song sung by Everard Hall, at a picnic held at Audley Court. Francis Hale, friend of the poet, sang a song, and Everard re- plied with one the opening lines of which were —

' Sleep, Ellen Aubrey, sleep, and dream

of me :

Sleep, Ellen, folded in thy sister's arm, And sleeping, haply dream her arm is mine.

Sleep, Ellen, folded in Emilia's arm ; '

Audley Court.

EMMA MORELAND.

Met Edward Gray on his re- turn to his native country, and asked him,

' Are you married yet, Edward Gray ? '

to which he replied, weeping,

' Sweet Emma Moreland, love no more Can touch the heart of Edward Gray.

He related to her the sad death of Ellen Adair, and told her that love will never again touch his heart, as it is buried with Ellen Adair.

Edward Gray. EMMIE.

A little girl who died in the ward of a children's hospital, after undergoing an operation.

In the Children's Hospital.

EMPEROR-MOTH.

One of the several large and beautiful moths, the prevailing colours being dark grey, brown and reddish yellow.

The Princess.

EMRYS (Aurelius). See Aurelius.

'ENEMIES.

Anemones. Northern Farmer, Old Style.

ENGLAND.

Talking Oak ; Amphion ; Enoch Arden ; Ode on the death of the Duke of Wel- lington; Third of Febru- ary ; A Welcome to Her Royal Highness Marie Alex- androvna, Duchess of Edin- burgh ; The Daisy ; On Translations of Homer; Mil- ton ; In Memoriam ; Dedi- cation of Idylls; To the Queen, II ; Dedicatory Poem to the Princess Alice ; Defence of Lucknow ; Col- umbus ; To Victor Hugo ; Locksley Hall Sixty Tears After ; Prologue to General Hamley ; Epitaph on Lord Stratford de Redclife ; Hands all Round; The Fleet ; To Professor Jebb ; Kapiolani ; Queen Mary ; Harold ; Becket ; The Foresters.

ENGLISH GARTER.

and round his knee, misplaced, Our English Garter, studded with great

emeralds, Rubies, I know not what.

The Order of the Garter, an order of Knighthood instituted in 1344, by Edward III; it is the highest order of Knight- hood, and is designated K.G. Queen Mary.

ENGLISH IRONSIDE.

Edmund the Second, com- monly known as Ironside on

ENI]

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[ENN

account of his bravery, son of Ethelred the Unready and half-brother to the Confessor. Elected king in 1016, but only London acknowledged him, the rest of England accepting the rule of Canute the Dane, who was chosen king at Southamp- ton. A fierce struggle there- fore raged between him and Canute, and Edmund defeated the Danes at Pen in Somerset- shire, at Sherborne, and at Otford. He was however de- feated at Assandun, where ' all the flower of the English race perished ' and an arrangement was entered into at Olney, an island in the Severn, by which the kingdom was divided, Ed- mund receiving Wessex, East Anglia, Essex and London ; and Canute Mercia and Northum- bria ; and it was further agreed that on the death of either the survivor was to succeed him. A few weeks after this agree- ment Edmund was assassinated at Oxford by two of his chamberlains (981-1016).

Or Athelstan, or English Ironside

Who fought with Knut, or Knut who coming

Dane Died English.

Harold.

ENID.

Daughter of earl Yniol and the wife of sir Geraint, a Knight of the Round Table, who had delivered the earl from the tyranny of his nephew Edyrn. When Guinevere's infidelity was spread about the court of Arthur, Geraint, in order to

save Enid from the taint, left the court and removed to his mansion in Devonshire. Over- hearing the latter part of a sentence uttered by her, Ger- aint charged her with unfaith- fulness, and bade his wife to wear her meanest apparel.

And thou, put on thy worst and meanest

dress,

And ride with me.' And Enid ask'd, amazed, ' If Enid errs, let Enid learn her fault.'

Being wounded in battle Enid nursed him with such devotion that he saw he had misjudged her. Full of repent- ance he expressed his mistake and they became reconciled, and ' crown'd a happy life with a fair death.'

nor did he doubt her more But rested in her fealty, till he crown'd A happy life with a fair death, and fell Against the heathen of the Northern Sea In battle, fighting for the blameless King.

At the court of Arthur she was called ' Enid the fair,' but the people called her ' Enid the good.' The representation of purity, she was loved by queen Guinevere and was the most beautiful lady at Arthur's court next after the queen.

Marriage of Geraint ; Ger- aint and Enid ; Guinevere.

ENN A.

A city of Sicily, remarkable for its fertile soil and numerous- springs. In ancient times it possessed a famous temple of Demeter and another of Pro- serpine. Proserpine was carried off by Pluto while gathering flowers in the plain.

she moved, Like Proserpine in Enna,' gathering flowers ;

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Edwin Morris ; Demeter and Persephone. To Pro- fessor Jebb.

ENOCH.

ENOCH ARDEN.

The hero of Enoch Arden. He was a ' rough sailor's lad.' At first he was successful, prospered in his fishing, became an able seaman on board a merchantman, and before he attained the age of twenty-one purchased his own boat and married Anne Lee, * the prettiest little damsel in the port.' All things continued to go well until he fell from a mast and broke a limb, and the master of the ship he had served in hearing of his misfortune offered to take him as boatswain, to which Enoch consented. When the day of his departure arrived he kissed his wife and his two elder children, but the youngest, asleep in the cot, he would not waken, but took away with him a little curl from the baby's head.

Enoch rose,

Cast his strong arms about his drooping wife, And kiss'd his wonder-stricken little ones ; But for the third, the sickly one, who slept After a night of feverous wakefulness, When Annie would have raised him Enoch

said, ' Wake him not : let him sleep ; how should

the child

Remember this ? ' and kiss'd him in his cot. But Annie from her baby's forehead dipt A tiny curl, and gave it : this he kept Thro' all his future ;

During his absence his wife had no success, and had it not been for Philip Ray would have sunk into poverty. Ten years passed away, and nothing having

[ENO

been heard of Enoch, Philip offered to marry her, and she became his wife. In the mean- time, Enoch had on his home- ward voyage been wrecked on a desert island. During his soli- tary life on the island, the sights and sounds of his home passed continually through his mind, until at length a ship took him off and he returned to England. Arriving at the little port he reached his old home,

But finding neither light nor murmur there (A bill of sale gleam'd thro' the drizzle) crept Still downward thinking ' dead or dead to me 1 '

Going to the village tavern he found that during his absence the landlord had passed away, but his widow, Miriam Lane, still held the house and here he rested. So completely had he changed that he lived at the tavern without being identified, and learned from Miriam Lane the story of his house.

Told him, with other annals of the port, Not knowing — Enoch was so brown, so bow'd, So broken — all the story of his house. His baby's death, her growing poverty, How Philip put her little ones to school, And kept them in it, his long wooing her, Her slow consent and marriage,

But Enoch longed to see his wife again, and in the darkness went to Philip's house, and through the window saw his wife and children in comfort on Philip's hearth. Creeping from the garden he fell upon the earth and prayed for strength not to tell her, never to let her know. But he did not live long. Finding death dawning upon him he called for Miriam Lane, and under promise on K

EPH]

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[ERO

the Bible not to divulge until EPHESUS. after death, told her who he was, and taking from his pocket the dead child's curl bade her to give it to Annie in order that she might know that it was really he, and to tell her that he died blessing her and her children and Philip. Three days after- wards he passed away, and in gratitude to this devoted soul was, by the villagers, accorded a rich funeral.

Then the third night after this, While Enoch slumber'd motionless and pale, And Miriam watch 'd and dozed at intervals, There came so loud a calling of the sea, That all the houses in the haven rang. He woke, he rose, he spread his arms abroad Crying with a loud voice, ' A sail ! a sail ! I am saved : ' and so fell back and spoke no

more.

So past the strong heroic soul away, And when they buried him the little port Had seldom seen a costlier funeral.

Enoch Arden.

EPHESIAN ARTEMIS.

Artemis, Artemis, hear her, Ephesian Artemis !

= Diana of the Ephesians. Her magnificent temple at Ephesus was burnt to the ground by Herostratos, in the same night in which Alexander the great was born (B.C. 356). It was rebuilt by contributions from all the Ionian cities, and was regarded as one of the seven wonders of the world. This £ Ephesian Artemis ' was apparently an ancient Asiatic deity whose worship the Greeks found in Ionia. Its image is .stated to have fallen down from Jupiter (Acts, chap. xix. verse 35), the lord of Heaven. =gods.

The Cup.

I have had a vision

The seven sleepers in the cave at Ephesus Have turn'd from right to left.

Has reference to the seven Christian youths of Ephesus, who, in order to escape from the persecution of the Christians under Decius took refuge in a cave near that city. Being discovered, great stones were rolled against the entrance to the cave in order that they might die of hunger. They however fell into a supernatural sleep, and some 200 years afterwards, in the reign of Theodosius, they were discovered. One of the seven was sent to the city to purchase provisions, but was arrested for offering a coin of the time of Decius and brought before the authorities ; but leading his accusers to the cavern where his six companions were found, was liberated. The seven sleepers is a favourite subject in early mediaeval art. Harold.

ERIN.

The Celtic name for Ireland. Coming of Arthur.

ERNE (Miriam). See Miriam, Miriam Erne.

ERNE (Muriel). See Muriel Erne.

EROSES.

But a bevy of Eroses apple-cheek'd, In a shallop of crystal ivory-beak'd, With a satin sail of a ruby glow.

The Islet.

ESA] 131

ESAlAS.

Word of God

In English : over this the brainless loons That cannot spell Esaias from St. Paul, Make themselves drunk and mad, fly out

and flare Into rebellions.

=Isaiah.

Queen Mary. ESAU.

And from a heart as rough as Esau's hand, He answer'd, ' Ride you naked thro' the town, And I repeal it ; '

See Genesis xxvii. 23.

Go diva. ESH. ESHTREE.

=Ash-tree.

Northern Farmer, New Style ; Promise of May. ESHCOL.

over which there roll'd To meet me long-arm'd vines with grapes Of Eshcol hugeness.

The name signifies a bunch, of grapes. See Numbers xiii. 23-24.

To E. Fitzgerald. ESSEX.

Why, Madam, she was passing Some chapel down in Essex, and with her Lady Anne Wharton, and the Lady Anne Bow'd to the Pyx ;

Queen Mary. ESTHER.

A Jewish maiden, the niece of Mordecai, a Jewish resident at the court of Ahasuerus. Was chosen as queen in place of Vashti, who had refused to obey the king's command. Esther.

Marriage of Geraint.

ETHELRED (the Second).

Called the ' Unready '; king of Saxon England, son of Edgar and Elfrida ; succeeded his half- brother Edmund the Martyr in 979. During his reign the Danes invaded England, and

[ETT

Ethelred defeated them at Watchet in Somersetshire and at Maldon, but his unmanly spirit submitted to pay a tribute to the Danes by a tax levied on his subjects known as the c Dane- geld.' In 1 002 during the time of peace he ordered a general massacre of all the Danes in England, and Sweyn, king of Denmark, entered his kingdom and he fled to Normandy. Sweyn dying soon afterwards Ethelred returned and in 1014 he defeated Cnut, but in the following year Cnut renewed his attack, ravaged Mercia and Wessex, and was preparing to march on London when Ethel- red died April 23, 1016.

Harold.

ETTARRE.

A lady loved by sir Pelleas, but being so proud she scorned him, and said she would never return his love even if he died for her. But Pelleas promised to follow her from place to place, and never to leave her until she returned his love ; but she sent her knights to fight with him and treated him very shame- fully.

Thereon her wrath became a hate ; and once,

A week beyond, while walking on the walls

With her three knights, she pointed down- ward, ' Look,

He haunts me — I cannot breathe — besieges me:

Down ! strike him ! put my hate into your strokes,

And drive him from my walls.' And down they went,

And Pelleas overthrew them one by one ;

And from the tower above him cried Ettarre,

' Bind him, and bring him in.'

Sir Gawain then promised to advocate his cause with the

EUR]

I32

[EVA

lady, but she played him false, for sir Pelleas coming to the pavilion outside Ettarre's castle found them caressing each other.

Then was he ware of three pavilions rear'd Above the bushes, gilden-peakt : in one, Red after revel, droned her lurdane knights Slumbering, and their three squires across

their feet:

In one, their malice on the placid lip Froz'n by sweet sleep, four of her damsels lay ; And in the third, the circlet of the jousts Bound on her brow, were Gawain and Ettarre.

The Damosel of the Lake then came to Pelleas and bade him come forth with her in the country, and * she rejoiced sir Pelleas, and they lived together during their life days' and the lady Ettarre died from sorrow.

Pelleas and Ettarre. EUROPA.

A beautiful maiden, daughter of Agenor, king of Phoenicia . While gathering flowers she was carried off to Crete by Zeus, disguised as a white bull.

Or sweet Europa's mantle flew unclasp'd, From oft her shoulder backward borne :

From one hand droop'd a crocus : one hand

grasp'd The mild bull's golden horn.

She was worshipped in Crete under the name of Hellotis, and a festival called Hellotia was held in her honour, at which her bones were carried surrounded by wreaths of myrtle.

Palace of Art.

EUROPE.

Locksley Hall ; Ode on the death of the Duke of Wel- lington ; Third of February ; To Rev. F. D. Maurice; Defence of Lucknow ; Locks- ley Hall Sixty Tears After ;

Queen Mary ; The Foresters.

Becket ,-

EUSTACE.

An artist — a very muscular and well-made person.

My Eustace might have sat for Hercules ; So muscular he spread, so broad of breast.

Along with an artist friend they went to see the gardener's daughter. Eustace painted Juliet, fell in love with her, and after a year had passed married her.

Gardener's Daughter.

EVA.

Daughter of farmer Steer, and sister of Dora Steer. Under a promise of marriage, she was seduced by Philip Edgar, a wealthy gentleman. She ran away, leaving a letter to the effect that she would drown herself. At the news of her disgrace the old father worked himself into a fury which subsided into paralysis. After many years' absence Edgar re- turned under the name of Harold, but on account of his beard passed unrecognized. Dobson, a farmer who was himself in love with Dora Steer, suspected him, but Edgar showed him a newspaper cut- ting of his father's death, which he easily passed off as his own. Edgar made love to Dora, who was easily won, when news arrived that a lady had been run over in a neighbouring lane. The injured lady, who was nursed by Dora, was none other than Eva, who yearned

EVA]

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[EXC

for her father's forgiveness, but the old man was too troubled with his disease to understand. Edgar and Eva eventually met, and Dora learned who her lover really was. At the sight of the meeting Eva fell dead, and over her sister's dead body Dora cursed the man, who hoped by marrying her to make amends for Eva's seduction. Promise of May.

EVANGEL.

=The Gospels.

Heaven-sweet Evangel, ever- living word, Who whilome speaking to the South in Greek About the soft Mediterranean shores,

Sir John Oldcastle, Lord Cobham.

EVANGELIST.

Behold a man raised up by Christ !

The rest remaineth unreveal'd ;

He told it not ; or something seal'd The lips of that Evangelist.

= St. John.

In Memoriam. EVE.

Day-Dream ; Maud ; Becket.

EVELYN.

One of two sisters — the other being Edith. She married her sister's former lover, but was quite unconscious of the fact, which was only made known to her after her sister's death. The news caused some estrange- ment between husband and wife. During the second year of her married life she died.

Sisters. (Evelyn and Edith)

EVERARD. EVERARD HALL.

A poet. While at college he

wrote an epic about king Arthur, but thinking that

nothing new was said, or else Something so said 'twas nothing —

destroyed it. His college friend, Francis Allen inquired later as to what had become of it. He replied that considering it of small value he had destroyed it.

' these twelve books of mine Were faint Homeric echoes, nothing-worth, Mere chaff and draff, much better burnt.'

Francis had however, rescued the eleventh book from the hearth, and forthwith produced it

' But I,'

Said Francis, ' pick'd the eleventh from this

hearth

And have it ; keep a thing, its use will come. I hoard it as a sugar-plum for Holmes.'

The Epic ; Morte d> Arthur.

EVERGREEN.

A plant that remains green all the year, as the laurel and the ivy.

Enoch Arden ; Spiteful Letter ; Gareth and Lynette. EWE. EWE-LAMB.

A female sheep.

The Princess / Becket.

EXCALIBUR.

King Arthur's magic sword. It meant cut-steel and would cut through iron or steel ; in poetic language, it is called a sword as its blade flashed like fire. It was given to Arthur by the Lady of the Lake, and she was nine years in the shaping of it, sitting in the deeps upon the hidden bases of the hills.

Arthur and his enchanter Merlin rode one day by a broad lake, and afar out in the midst of the lake an arm clad in white samite rose from out of the water and held up a fair sword. Then came the Lady of the Lake moving upon the water. ' Enter into yonder

EXC]

[FAL

barge,' she said, ' and row to the sv\ord and take it and the scabbara.'

Tappan : Heroes of the Middle Ages.

It was so bright in his enemies' eyes, that it gave light equal to thirty torches. Tennyson in his Coming of Arthur de- scribed it :

' There likewise I beheld Excalibur Before him at his crowning borne, the sword That rose from out the bosom of the lake, And Arthur row'd across and took it — rich With jewels, elfin, Urim, on the hilt, Bewildering heart and eye — the blade so

bright That men are blinded by it —

It was by this sword that Arthur overcame his enemies in battle. After receiving his wound in the last weird battle in the west, king Arthur com- manded sir Bedivere to take the sword and return it to the Lady of the Lake.

But now delay not : take Excalibur, And fling him far into the middle mere : Watch what thou se6st, and lightly bring me word.'

Twice did sir Bedivere go to the pool and twice did his heart fail him, for instead of flinging the brand into the water he hid it. Returning to the dying king and being questioned as to what he had seen, replied :

' I heard the ripple washing in the reeds, And the wild water lapping on the crag.'

but the king detecting the knight's deception threateningly commanded him to fulfil his task, whereupon the knight went to the lake, and seizing the sword threw it into the water.

But ere he dipt the surface, rose an arm Clothed in white samite, mystic, wonderful, And caught him by the hilt, and brandish'd

him Three times, and drew him under in the

mere.

Morte d"* Arthur ; Coming

of Arthur ; Gareth and Lynette ; Holy Grail ; Last Tournament ; Passing of Arthur.

EXETER (Dean of).

Queen Mary.

EYE.

A Castle.

My lord, the King demands three hundred

marks, Due from his castles of Berkhamstead and

Eye When thou whereof wast warden

Becket.

FAIR-HANDS.

According to Malory, a nick- name given by sir Kay to sir Gareth when he was a kitchen-scullion at the court of king Arthur.

And since he hath no name, I shall give him a name that shall be Beaumains, that is Fair- hands. Malory : Morte d' Arthur, Book VII. chap *.

Tennyson in his Gareth and Lynette makes sir Kay address sir Lancelot whilst referring to- sir Gareth :

fair and fine, forsooth ! Sir Fine-face, Sir Fair-hands ? but see thou

to it That thine own fineness, Lancelot, some fine

day Undo thee not — and leave my man to me.'

Gareth and Lynette.

FALCON.

A bird of prey formerly trained to the pursuit of game. Marriage of Geraint ; Mer- lin and Vivien ; Lancelot and Elaine ; Happy ; The Falcon ; Harold.

FALCON, THE.

Name of a ship.

For a huge sea smote every soul from the decks, of The Falcon but one.

The Wreck.

FAN]

135

[FER

FANNY.

The name of a song.

Fanny be the naame i' the song, but I swopt it fur she.

Promise of May.

FATHER PHILIP.

=Philip Ray.

Enoch Arden.

FAUN.

The symbol of a drunkard.

Arise and fly

The reeling Faun, the sensual feast ; Move upward, working out the beast, And let the ape and tiger die.

Lucretius ; In Memoriam.

FAUNUS.

In Roman mythology the grandson of Saturn, and the god of fields and shepherds. Upon the introduction of Greek mythology Faunus was identi- fied with Pan the protector of flocks and herds. Two festi- vals were held annually in his honour in the temple on the island in the Tiber, when the peasants brought their simple offerings.

' But who was he, that in the garden snared Picus and Faunus, rustic Gods)

Lucretius.

FEDERIGO.

FEDERIGO DEGLI ALBERIGHI.

An impoverished nobleman, in love with a wealthy widow, the lady Giovanna. She had a rival — his favourite falcon — for which the count had a strange affection, the bird at times being as dear to him as his mistress. The son of the lady Giovanna fell sick, and yearned for the count's falcon. The lady paid

a visit to the count at the lun- cheon hour, with the object of begging the bird from him ; but the scanty provision of the larder being insufficient for the meal, the count ordered his foster-brother Filippo to kill the falcon and have it cooked for the lady. When the lunch was spread she could not eat on account of her anxiety for her request ; but when she learned that her lover had killed his favourite bird in order to entertain her, she con- fessed her love for him, and happiness ensued.

The Falcon.

FERDINAND.

the fifth of Aragon, second of Aragon and Sicily, and third of Naples, born at Sos in Aragon ; married Isabella of Castile, sister of Henry IV, a step by which these ancient kingdoms were united. It was during his reign that Columbus sailed from Spain on his voyages of discovery, Ferdinand granting him three ships for the purpose, Columbus.

FERIA.

A Spanish count who came to England with Philip II as one of his ministers. Married in 1558 to Jane Dormer, second daughter of sir William Dormer. He was a bigoted Catholic, and an enemy of Elizabeth, and notwithstanding his apparently friendly speeches, urged Philip to an armed interference in.

FER]

136

[FIR

England. In a letter full of friendliness Philip announced to Elizabeth that Feria's ser- vices were required in Flanders, and accordingly he left England. He died in August 1571.

Queen Mary. FERN.

The popular name of the order of cryptogamic plants called Filices.

Edwin Morris ; Talking Oak ; Enoch Arden ; The Brook ; The Princess ; Marriage of Geraint ; Pelleas and Ettarre ; Last Tournament ; Sisters

(Evelyn and Edith) ; Harold.

FERRAR (Robert E.)

Bishop of St. David's. Was an Augustinian Canon and monk of St. Mary's Priory, Ox- ford ; became a convert to the reformed religion, but was compelled to recant ; created bishop of St. David's by Ed- ward VI ; deprived 1554, and being charged by Gardiner with having violated his mon- astic vow was burnt to death, I555-

let 'em look to it

Cranmer and Hooper, Ridley and La timer, Rogers and Ferrar, for their time is come Their hour is hard at hand, their ' dies Iras, Their ' dies Ilia,' which will test their sect .

Queen Mary.

FIGTREE.

A small tree, with lobed, rough and deciduous leaves, cultivated in warm climates for the sake of its fruit.

The Princess.

FILIPPO.

Foster - brother to count Federigo degli Alberighi.

The Falcon.

FINE-FACE.

According to Tennyson sir Kay was addressing sir Lance- lot, but referring to sir Gareth, who was a kitchen-scullion at the palace of king Arthur.

fair and fine, forsooth ! Sir Fine-face, Sir Fair-hands ? but see thou

to it *

That thine own fineness, Lancelot, some fine

day Undo thee not — and leave my man to me.'

Gareth and Lynette. FINN.

And we wallow'd in beds of lilies, and chanted the triumph of Finn,

According to tradition ah Irish leader of the third century, and the son of Cumall the hero of the Ossianic tales. After his defeat in County Meath he escaped, but was slain soon afterwards at Athbrea. Other authorities say he did not die but passed to the blessed land. In this, as in many other re- spects, he resembled the British king Arthur.

Voyage of Maeldune.

FIR.

The name of several species of cone-bearing trees, some of them valued for their timber and others for their resin .

Gareth and Lynette ; Lover's Tale.

FIRE-FLY.

A name applied ' to many

phosphorescent insects, some

giving forth a steady light,

FIS]

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[FLO

others flashing light intermit- tently.

Locksley Hall ; The Princess.

FISHER (JOHN).

Bishop of Rochester, bom at Beverley ; was distinguished at Cambridge and became chap- lain to the mother of Henry VIII who had him appointed first lady Margaret professor of divinity in 1503. In the following year he was elected Chancellor of the University and bishop of Rochester ; fined for denying the validity of the divorce of Catherine of Aragon, 1534,; and in the same year was with sir Thomas More sent to the Tower for refusing to swear to the Act of Suprem- acy ; deprived and beheaded by order of the king, 1535. He was beatified in 1886.

Queen Mary.

FITZ.

Edward Fitzgerald, English poet and translator, and a friend of Tennyson ; first met at the home of James Spedding, in the Lake District. Upon his death in 1883, Tennyson wrote the following lines :

Gone into darkness, that full light

Of friendship, past, in sleep, away By night, into the deeper night !

The deeper night ? A clearer day Than our poor twilight dawn on earth —

If night, what barren toil to be ! What Me, so maim'd by night, were worth

Our living out ? Not mine to be Remembering all the golden hours

Now silent, and so many dead, And him the last.

Life of Tennyson.

Some years later his widow wrote to the poet thanking him for dedicating Tiresias to the

memory of her late husband. To E. Fitzgerald.

FITZURSE. See Reginald, Regi- nald Fitzurse.

FLAG-FLOWER.

=the Iris ; an original of the fteur-de-lys in the arms of France.

Miller's Daughter.

FLANDERS.

A former name of a country of Europe extending along the North Sea from the Straits of Dover to the river Scheldt.

Queen Mary ; Harold. FLEA.

An insect remarkable for its great agility.

Merlin and Vivien; Queen Mary.

FLEECE, THE.

Name of an Inn.

1 THE Bull, the Fleece are cramm'd; and not

a room For love or money.

Audley Court.

FLEUR-DE-LYS.

The flower of the lily. A bearing in the French Arms of the house of Bourbon, repre- sented by three lilies, as em- blematic of royalty.

Sir John Oldcastle,

Lord Cobham. FLORA.

A famous portrait by Titian, the famous Italian painter, and representation in Roman mythology of the goddess of Flowers and the Spring.

' will you climb the top of Art, You cannot fail but work in hues to dim The Titianic Flora.

Gardener's Daughter.

FLO]

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[FON

FLORA.

The lady Flora, to whom is related by a young man deeply in love with her, the familiar fairy tale of the Sleeping Beauty. At the time she was working in the drawing room at her em- broidery. In conclusion, he told her that he would gladly slumber for a hundred years if at the end of that time he could awake her with a kiss.

The Day-Dream.

FLORENCE.

A famous Italian city, in the valley of the Arno. It is the city of Dante, Petrarch, Angelo and many more of Italy's great men.

The Brook ; The Daisy ;

Maud ; To Dante ; The

Falcon.

FLORES.

One of the Azores islands. Discovered in 1439 by Vander- berg, it was near this island that sir Richard Grenville in the reign of Elizabeth fought his famous sea-fight.

AT FLORES in the Azores Sir Richard Gren- ville lay,

And a pinnace, like a flutter'd bird, came flying from far_ away :

The Revenge.

FLORIAN.

A friend of prince Arac, one of the three who gained admis- sion to princess Ida's college. He was described by prince Arac as

my other heart,

And almost my half-self, for still we moved Together, twinn'd as horse's ear and eye.

The Princess.

FLORIDA.

Ev'n as the warm gulf-stream of Florida Floats far away into the Northern seas The lavish growths of southern Mexico.

Mine be the strength. FLORIO.

Only child of the lady Gio- vanna, who married count Federigo deghli Alberighi.

The Falcon.

FLOWERING ISLE.

And we hated the Flowering Isle, as we hateci the isle that was mute,

Voyage of Maeldune. See Maeldune.

FLUR.

The daughter of Mygnach Gorr and the betrothed of Cassivelaun (y.^.)> a ^n& °^ Britain. Mwrchan, a Gallic chief carried her away to Gaul, but Cassive'laun invaded Gaul with 60,000 men and gaining a victory, rescued her.

Marriage of Geraint.

FOLIOT (Gilbert). See Gilbert

Foliot. FONSECA (Juan Rodriguez de).

Archdeacon of Seville ; ap- pointed commissioner to super- intend the fitting-out of Columbus' second voyage from Spain. A capable man, but of a very crafty disposition, he objected to the number of footmen which Columbus pro- posed for his domestic house- hold, and the matter being re- ferred to Ferdinand he was ordered to carry out Columbus7 wishes. Fonseca subsequently became archbishop of Toledo and Patriarch of the Indies. Columbus.

FOR]

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[FRA

FORGET-ME-NOT.

A small herb, with beautiful blue flowers, and considered the emblem of fidelity.

Miller's Daughter ; The Brook ; Queen Mary ; Promise of May.

FORTUNE.

And affluent Fortune emptied all her horn.

In Roman mythology the goddess of good luck. She was worshipped at a great number of shrines under various titles ; but is represented here as hold- ing in her hand the horn of plenty.

Ode on the death of the Duke of Wellington.

FORUM, THE.

The Baths, the Forum, gabbled of his death,

Was originally the market- place of the city, but afterwards the centre of the religious, civil and political life of the city. The Princess; St. Tele- machus ; To Virgil.

FOX.

An animal of the dog family, remarkable for cunning.

Walking to the Mail ; Day- Dream ; Aylmer's Field ; Pelleas and Ettarre ; Village Wife ; Queen Mary ; Promise of May.

FOXGLOVE.

= a plant, whose leaves are used as a medicine.

Two Voices ; In Memoriam; Sisters (Evelyn and Edith) ; The Foresters.

FRANCE.

Dream of Fair Women ; The Captain; The Prin- cess ; Ode on the death of the Duke of Wellington ; Aylmer's Field ; In Memoriam ; To the Queen, II. In the Children's Hos- pital ; Columbus ; To Vic- tor Hugo ; Locksley Hall Sixty Tears After ; Queen Mary ; Harold ; Becket.

FRANCHE-COMTE.

An ancient province in East France, added to the crown of France at the peace of Nime- guen in 1671. It extends from the Saone to the Jura moun- tains.

Queen Mary.

FRANCIS. FRANCIS ALLEN.

Friend of Everard Hall who had written an Epic about king Arthur. At the house of Fran- cis on Christmas eve, four college friends sat round the fire talking of Christmas cus- toms. Everard was asked what he had done with his Epic. Francis replied that Everard had burnt it, but he had been fortunate enough to save the eleventh book from the flames and forthwith produced it.

The Epic ; Morte d> Arthur.

FRANCIS. FRANCIS HALE.

A farmer's son, who lived at Torquay, and a friend of Everard Hall. Was present

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[FUR

with him at a picnic at Audley Court as

' The Bull, the Fleece are cramm'd, and not

a room

For love or money. Let us picnic At Audley Court.'

They spent an enjoyable evening, eating homely fare, discussing politics, the king and matters nearer home, and ended the picnic by entertaining each other with a song.

He sang his song, and I replied with mine ;

and returned in the dusky moonlight to Torquay.

Audley Court.

FRANCIS OF ASSISI.

Founder of the Franciscan order, born at Assisi in Umbria (1182). Began life as a soldier, but at the age of twenty-four he gave himself up entirely to religious life. He died in 1226 and was canonized in 1228.

Locksley Hall Sixty Tears After

FRANK. See Francis, Francis. Allen

FRANKFORT.

On-the-Main, one of the old free cities of Germany.

To Strasburg, Antwerp, Frankfort, Zurich,

Worms,

Geneva, Basle — our Bishops from their sees Or fled, they say, or flying —

Queen Mary. FRIAR TUCK.

Robin Hood's chaplain. He is represented as being fat and very self-indulgent, and a very humorous character. He was a monk of Fountains Abbey, which was of the Cistercian order, and wore a red corded girdle ornamented with gold

twist, red stockings and a wallet. He was nick-named * Tuck ' on account of his dress being tucked at the waist by a girdle.

In this our spacious Isle, I thinke there is

not one, But he hath heard some talke of him and

Little John ; And to the end of time, the Tales shall ne'e r

be done, Of Scar lock, George a Greene and Much, the

Millers sonne,

Of Tuck, the merry Frier, which many a Ser- mon mada, In praise of Robin Hood, his Out-lawes, and

their Trade.'

Drayton : Polyolbion. Five and twentieth

Song.

The Foresters. FROG.

An amphibious animal of the genus Rana, remarkable for its activity in swimming and leaping.

On Translations of Homer.

FROTHFLY.

Also called froth-worm and frog-fly ; a small insect which in its larva state is found on plants, enveloped in a frothy liquid.

Aylmer's Field.

FULVIA.

The first wife of Mark An- tony and a woman of dissolute character. In 40 B.C., during Antony's absence from Rome, she raised a revolt in Italy against Augustus, and was be- sieged in Perusia. On its fall she escaped and fled to Antony. Cleopatra likens her to Eleanor, the queen of Henry II, hence :

You should have clung to Fulvia's waist, and

thrust The dagger thro' her side.'

Dream of Fair Women.

FURY— FURIES.

The three Greek goddesses

FUR]

[GAL

of vengeance : named Alecto (She who rests not) ; Tisi- phone (avenger of murder) ; and Negara (the jealous one). They were the daughters of Gaia and Uranus, and resided at the court of Pluto. They punished without mercy all wicked doers, haunting them on earth and scourging them in hell.

Vision of Sin ; Lucretius ;

In Memoriam ; Maud ;

Sisters (Evelyn and Edith).

FURZE.

A thorny evergreen shrub with yellow flowers.

Becket.

FUZZ.

= Furze.

Northern Farmer, Old Style.

GABRIEL.

The archangel, who an- nounced to the Virgin Mary the solemn intimation that God had elected her to be the mother of the Messiah. Danielvii.i$-2J. Luke i. 26.

By the Mohammedans he is called the * Holy Spirit ' and ' Spirit of Truth ' and is be- lieved to have dictated the Koran to Mahomet.

Milton.

GAD-FLY.

A fly which deposits its eggs in the skin of cattle. The Princess ; The Foresters.

GAFFER.

Then yelp'd the cur.fand ya Ran Gaffer, stumbled Gar

iwl'd the cat ; miner.

The goose ew this way and flew that, And filled the house with clamour.

=A rustic.

The Goose. GAFFER DEATH.

but if You starve me I be Gaffer Death himself.

=A Goodman.

The Foresters. GALAHAD.

Son of sir Lancelot and Elaine and a Knight of the Round Table. Famous in- Arthurian legend for his suc- cess in the quest of the Holy Grail. Malory says : ' and he was named Galahad because sir Launcelot was so named at the fontain-stone ; and after that, the Lady of the Lake con- firmed him sir Launcelot du Lake.' He was known as the knight of the ' long isles ' and was always clad in white armour. His sword was the one which Balin released from the scabbard brought by the damsel to the court of king Arthur, and his shield was snow-white on which Joseph of Arimathaea made a cross with his blood. Sir Gala- had was called the ' perfect knight,' being the only knight who could sit in the ' Siege Perilous,' a seat reserved for the knight who was successful in his search for the Holy Grail. Sir Galahad, with sir Bors and sir Percivale went in quest of the Grail, but only Galahad was- permitted to see the vision with the bodily eyes after which his soul was borne to heaven.

Merlin and Vivien ; Lan-

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[GAR

celot and Elaine ; Holy Grail; Be eke t.

<5ALATIA.

An ancient district of Asia Minor. It derived its name from the Gauls who took posses- sion of it in the third century B.C. In 25 B.C., during the reign of Augustus, Galatia was made a Roman province.

The Cup.

GALATIAN ARTEMIS.

See Ephesian Artemis.

GALAXY.

Like, to some branch of stars we see Hung in the golden Galaxy.

The Milky Way, or the lumin- ous band of stars stretching across the heavens.

Lady of Shalott.

GALEN. See Court-Galen. GALILEE.

for she walks,

Wearing the light yoke of that Lord of love Who still'd the rolling wave of Galilee !

Has reference to Christ re- buking the storm on the Sea of Galilee. Matthew viii. 26 ; Mark iv. 39 ; Luke viii. 24. Aylmer's Field.

GAMA.

Father of princess Ida. prince Arac says :

His name was Gama ; crack' d and small his

voice, But bland the smile that like a wrinkling

wind

On glassy water drove his cheek in lines ; A little dry old man, without a star, Not like a king :

Prince Arac visited him, and reminded him of the former compact. Gama explained to

Arac the new ideas of Ida con- cerning the college for women, and said his chance of winning her was almost as nothing. Gama suggested war, but the prince objected to its almost inevitable accompaniments, and wished to win his bride in some better way

The Princess.

GAMEL.

A Northumberland Thane, son of Orm. Was by treachery murdered by earl Tostig, who had invited him into his room on pretence of peace.

Harold.

GAMMER.

Then yelp'd the cur, and yawl'd the cat ;

Ran Gaffer, stumbled Gammer. The goose flew this way and flew that,

And fill'd the house with clamour.

=An old woman.

The Goose.

GANYMEDE.

A beautiful youth, son of Tros, king of Dardania, whom Zeus, attracted by his beauty, carried off disguised as an eagle to heaven, and conferring im- mortality upon him, made him cup-bearer to the gods in place of Hebe. As a compensation to Tros, Zeus presented him with four immortal horses for his chariot.

Or else flush'd Ganymede, his rosy thigh Half-buried in the Eagle's down,

Sole as a flying star shot thro" the sky Above the pillar'd town.

Palace of Art ; Will Water- proofs Lyrical Monologue ; The Princess.

GARCIA (Villa). See Villa Garcia.

OAR]

[GAR

GARDA. GARDA LAKE.

An Italian lake on the edge of the plain of Lombard/.

Queen Mary ; Prater Ave Atque Vale.

(GARDINER (Stephen).

Bishop of Winchester, born 1483. Private secretary to Wol- sey ; in 1528 sent as ambas- sador to pope Clement VII, he obtained a second commis- sion on the royal divorce ques- tion ; after Wolsey's fall acted as secretary to Henry VIII ; created bishop of Winchester 1531 ; ambassador in France 1531-32; falling into dis- favour he was ousted from the council and the chancellorship of Cambridge, deprived of his see, and was imprisoned in the Tower during the whole of the reign of Edward VI. On Mary's accession he was liber- ated, reinstated, and made Lord •Chancellor ; opposed the Span- ish marriage and advocated severe measures against Eliza- beth, whom he caused to be declared illegitimate by Act of Parliament. He died in 1555.

Queen Mary. (GARETH.

A Knight of the Round Table, who * underwent the sooty yoke of kitchen-vassalage.' Malory says that he

' was the youngest son of Lot, king of Orkney and Morgawse, Arthur's sister,'

but according to Tennyson he was

' the last and tallest son of Lot king of Orkney .and of Bellicent his wife.

In order to please his mother he concealed his name and served as kitchen-knave at Arthur's court for a twelve- month and a day, and on account of his large hands was by sir Kay nicknamed Fair- hands :

And since he hath no name, I shall give him a name that shall be Beaumains, that is Fair- hands. Malory : Morte £ Arthur, Book VII. chap. i.

At the end of the twelve- month he was knighted, and a maiden called Lynette (^.€>.) went to king Arthur to ask for a knight to deliver her sister Lyonors (^.)> who was held captive in Castle Perilous. The king gave the quest to Gareth, but Lynette became indignant and treated him with indignity, calling him ' a master of dishes and a kitchen knave.' He bravely endured her insults, and eventually won her admira- tion by his courageously slaying the four knights who kept the passage to Castle Perilous and liberating her sister, whom, according to Malory, he married. Tennyson however makes him marry Lynette.

And he that told the tale in older times Says that Sir Gareth wedded Lyonors, But he, that told it later, says Lynette.

Gareth was slain by sir Lan- celot in the rescue of Guinevere from the stake.

Gareth and Lynette ; Lan- celot and Elaine.

GARGARUS.

Behind the valley topmost Gargarus Stands up and takes the morning :

The highest peak of the Ida

GAR]

144

[GAW

range rising about 4,600 feet above the level of the sea.

(Enone.

GARLON.

A Knight of the Round Table. He was a man of secrecy, and went about in- visible inflicting wounds. He was slain at a feast by Balin in revenge for having slain two of his (Balin's) knights.

Soon Balin asked a knight. Is there not a knight in this court whose name is Garlon ? Yonder he goeth, said a knight, he with the black face ; he is the marvellest knight that is now living, for he destroyeth many good knights, for he goeth invisible. . . . There- with this Garlon espied that this Balin behind him, and then he came and smote Balin on the face with the back of his hand. . . . Give me the truncheon, said Balin to his lady, wherewith he slew your knight . . . and therewith Balin smote him through the body, and said openly, With that truncheon thou hast slain a good knight, and now it sticketh in thy body.

Malory : Morte tf Arthur, Book II. chap. xiv.

Balin and Balan.

GARRICK.

David Garrick, dramatist, born at Hereford, 1717 ; was a pupil of Samuel Johnson, whom he accompanied to Lon- don in 1737. Four years later he commenced his career as an actor and in 1747 became, with Lacy, joint-proprietor of Drury Lane Theatre, which he con- tinued to direct until his retire- ment from the stage in 1776, when he sold his half-share for £35,000. He died in 1779, and was buried in Westminster Abbey. In all Saints Church, Hereford, a brass plate bears the following inscription : ' In memory of David Garrick, who was born in this parish, and baptized in this Church, 28th

February 1717, and was interred in Westminster Abbey.'

To W. C. Macready. GASCON.

and most amorous Of good old red sound liberal Gascon wine :

=Wine from Gas cony, a province of France.

Becket. GAWAIN.

A Knight of the Round Table, son of king Lot, nephew of king Arthur, and brother of Modred and Gareth. He was the second of the fifty knights created by Arthur, and was considered to be the most reckless and irrever- ent of them all. He fought with, and struck off the head of sir Priamus, but the headless knight picked up his head again and walked away, requesting sir Gawain to meet him twelve months hence. Gawain kept the appointment and was sumptuously entertained by Priamus. Gawain counselled king Arthur not to be over hasty in punishing Guinevere for her unfaithfulness. Ga- wain was considered at first to be the hero of the quest of the Holy Grail, but was deprived of that honour by Malory. According to the prophecy of Merlin Gawain fell in fighting for king Arthur against sir Lancelot in Benwick ; and previous to the * last weird battle in the west ' Arthur is represented as seeing the ghost of Gawain ' blown along a wandering wind ' and crying out.

GEM]

[GEO

Then, ere that last weird battle in the west, There came on Arthur sleeping, Gawain kill'd In Lancelot's war, the ghost of Gawain blown Along a wandering wind, and past his ear Went shrilling, • Hollow, hollow all delight ! Hail, King ! to-morrow thou shalt pass away. Farewell ! there is an isle of rest for thee. And I am blown along a wandering wind, And hollow, hollow, hollow all delight.'

To which sir Bedivere replied:

1 O me, my King, let pass whatever will, E Ives, and the harmless glamour of the field ; But in their stead thy name and glory cling To all high places like a golden cloud For ever : but as yet thou shalt not pass. Light was Gawain in life, and light in death Is Gawain, for the ghost is as the man ; And care not thou for dreams from nun,

but rise — I hear the steps of Modred in the west,

Coming of Arthur ; Garetb and Lynette ; Lancelot and Elaine ; Holy Grail-, Pel- leas and Ettarre ; Last Tournament ; Passing of Arthur.

GEMINI.

The Twins, two stars in the southern hemisphere, named Castor and Pollux.

Maud ; The Foresters.

GENEVA.

A city of Switzerland.

To Strasburg, Antwerp, Frankfort, Zurich

Worms,

Geneva, Basle — our Bishops from their sees Or fled, they say, or flying —

Queen Mary.

GEOFFREY (of Monmouth).

A Welsh monk and cele- brated chronicler and ecclesi- astic of the twelfth century, born in Monmouth, where he was educated in a Benedictine monastery. In this monastery there is a chamber — with a projecting window, called ' Geoffrey's window ' — said to have been used by the monk as a study. Chaplain till 1128 to count William of Normandy ;

archdeacon of Monmouth, 1140; created bishop of St. Asaph 1152. His chief work is Chronicon sive Historia Briton- umy which was the basis of a number of works of the Ar- thurian cycle (1100-1154).

To the Queen, II.

GEOFFREY.

GEOFFREY PLANTAGENET.

Son of Rosamund and Henry II.

Becket.

GEORGE.

Patron Saint of England, re- presented on horseback slaying a dragon. He is supposed to have sprung from Cappadocia, and to have suffered martyrdom under Diocletian, A.D. 303. The historian Gibbon identifies him with George of Cappa- docia the Arian archbishop of Alexandria, who, for his tyranny and oppression was massacred by the people, December 24, 361. Clapton in his Life of St. George, says :

It is unfortunate that the life history of this saintly martyr has been absurdly mixed up, even by the historian Gibbon, with that of the Arian George of Cappadocia, who lived more than half a century later, became by fraud archbishop of Alexandria, and turned out so great a villain that he was lynched by his own people, and his body cast into the sea.

The historical reason for the introduction of the saint in England is this : — In the wars of the Crusades he is said to have appeared at the head of a large army, carrying a banner with a red cross engraved upon it, to help Godfrey de Bouillon L

GEO]

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[GER

against the Saracens at the siege of Antioch.

A bloodie Crosse he bore,

The deare remembraunce of his dying Lord.

In a vision Richard Coeur de Lion was bidden to take for his battle-cry ' Saint George for England.' This he did, and won the day, and St. George was adopted by Richard as his patron saint.

By the decree of the Council of Oxford, in 1222, the festival of St. George assumed a na- tional character, but it was not until 1349, in the reign of Edward III, that he was defin- itely recognized as the nation's patron saint.

About 126 churches are dedi- cated to his honour, and it was under the flag of St. George that Nelson won the battle of the Nile. The Union Jack, the national flag of Great Britain and Ireland, consists of a combination of the three crosses of St. George, St. An- drew and St. Patrick, denoting the union of England, Scotland and Ireland.

At St. Neot in Cornwall, the life of the saint is depicted in twelve panels of stained glass, beneath each of which is a Latin scroll :

1. S. George fights against

the Gauls.

2. He is captured by them

and slain at the shrine of the Blessed Virgin, who

3. brings him back to life from

the grave, and

4. arms him.

5. He rescues Princess Cleo-

dolinda and slays the dragon.

6. He is arrested for treason

and brought before the ^king.

7. His body is torn with rakes.

8. On hands and knees he is

ridden by the emperor's son.

9. He is heavily weighted and

hung by the wrists.

10. He is set in boiling lead.

11. He is dragged by a wild

horse.

12. He is beheaded.

The Foresters.

GERAINT.

A tributary prince of Devon, and brother of Gareth and one of the Knights of the Round Table. He was married to Enid (?.z>.) only child of Yniol. Overhearing the latter part of her speech, he charged her with unfaithfulness, and commanded her to put on her meanest dress and follow him silently through the world. Being wounded in fighting against the Saxons, Enid nursed him with such devotion that he could no longer doubt her fealty, confessed his error, and they lived together happily.

nor did he doubt her more, But rested in her fealty, till he crovm'd A happy life with a fair death, and fell Against the heathen of the Northern Sea In battle, fighting for the blameless King.

Marriage of Geraint ; Ger- aint and Enid; Lancelot and Elaine.

GER]

[GLA

GERMANY.

On Translations of Homer ; Becket. GHOUL.

An imaginary eastern demon, who was supposed to subsist on human flesh.

Ancient Sage. GIDEON.

The Israelite judge, who was appointed by God to destroy the altar and groves of Baal. With a small army of 300 men he gained a complete victory over the Midianites. See Judges, chap. vii. The refer- ence here is to Napoleon, who with a mighty army thought to conquer the world, but was defeated by the British both in Egypt and at Trafalgar —

' at Trafalgar yet once more We taught him : late he learned humility Perforce, like those whom Gideon school'd with briers.

Buonaparte. GIGGLESBY GREEAN.

But wa boath was i' such a clat we was shaamed to cross Gigglesby Greean,

Spinster's Sweet-Arts. GIGGLESBY HINN.

Sa we boath on us kep out o' sight o' the winders o' Gigglesby Hinn —

Spinster's Sweet-Arts. GIGGLESBY WOOD.

By the claay'd-oop pond, that the foalk be sa scared at, i' Gigglesby wood,

Spinster's Sweet- Arts.

GILBERT BECKET.

A London merchant and a native of Rouen ; father of Thomas Becket, archbishop of Canterbury.

Becket.

GILBERT FOLIOT.

Bishop of London, prior of Clugny and Abbeville and after- wards abbot of Gloucester ; created bishop of Hereford in 1147, and translated to London in 1163 ; opposed election of Becket to the archbishoprick of Canterbury, and refused to yield him obedience ; excom- municated by Becket in 1167, and again in 1169, but was ab- solved at Rouen in the follow- ing year ; consecrated Henry IPs eldest son for which act he was again excommunicated and again absolved in 1172.

Becket.

GILEADITE.

The daughter of the warrior Gileadite, A maiden pure ; as when she went along

From Mizpeh's tower'd gate with welcome

light, With timbrel and with song.

Has reference to Jephthah, one of the Judges of Israel. See Judges xi.

Dream of Fair Women.

GILLYFLOWERS.

A name given by old writers to the clove pink.

Aylmer's Field.

GIOVANNA (The Lady). Federigo degli Alberighl.

See

GLASTONBURY.

A city in Somerset, built in the form of a cross and situated on the peninsula formed by the river Brue called the Isle of Avalon. It was one of the earliest centres of Christianity in Britain ; its abbey is sup- posed to have been founded by

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Joseph of Arimathaea, and the place where he is represented to have landed in his boat with the Holy Grail. On setting foot on land he planted his pilgrim's staff which took root, and grew into a holy thorn which miraculously blossomed every old Christmas-eve until it was cut down by a puritan soldier, who was maimed in the act. A graft of the thorn is however supposed to exist. King Arthur is supposed to have been buried in the abbey. Balin and Balan ; Holy Grail.

GLIMMER-GOWK.

=An owl.

Village Wife.

GLO'STER (Gloucester).

Becket.

GLOW-WORM.

A beetle of the genus Lam- pyris, having phosphorescent structures on the abdomen.

like a glow-worm in the nigh The which hath fire in darkness, none in light : Shakespeare : Pericles, Act II. Scene u».

Vision of Sin ; The Princess ; Becket; The Foresters.

GNAT.

A genus of troublesome winged insects of numerous species.

Caressed or Chidden ; Day- Dream ; Merlin and Vivien ; Lancelot and Elaine ; Vastness ; Harold.

GNOME.

An imaginary creature, repre-

sented as a protector of mines and quarries.

Merlin and the Gleam.

GOAN PADRE.

And when the Goan Padre quoting Him, Issa Ben Mariam, his own prophet, cried ' Love one another little ones,' and ' bless ' Whom ? even ' your persecutors ' !

Goan : a place in India. Padre : a priest.

Akbar^s Dream.

GOAT.

A ruminating quadruped, allied to the sheep.

(Enone ; Morte d* Arthur ; Locksley Hall; The Prin- cess ; Merlin and Vivien ; Last Tournament ; Passing of Arthur.

GODIVA.

Wife of Leofric, earl of Mercia and lord of Coventry. About 1040, in order to save Coventry from excessive taxa- tion, she consented to ride naked through the streets of that city. The deed is com- memorated by a stained-glass window in St. Michael's Church, Coventry, bearing the inscrip- tion :

I Luriche, for the love of thee, Doe make Coventre tol-free.

The legend of the prying, inquisitive tailor, who looked out of a window being struck blind was also commemorated in an effigy of c Peeping Tom of Coventry ' which long pro- truded from an upper window in High Street, adjoining the King's Head Tavern.

Go diva.

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[GOO

GODSTOW. GODSTOW NUNNERY.

He bad me put her into a nunnery — Into Godstow, into Hellstow, Devilstow '. The Church ! the Church ! God's eyes !

A nunnery on the banks of the Isis, two miles from Ox- ford, the ruins of which may still be seen. It was founded in the reign of Henry I by Editha, a lady of Winchester. Rosamund de Clifford (q.v.), the mistress of Henry II, was buried here in 1177.

Becket.

GODWIN.

Earl of the West Saxons, being appointed by Canute ; married a daughter of Ulf, Canute's brother-in-law. In 1042 took a prominent part in raising to the English throne Edward the Confessor, to whom he married his daughter Edith, and headed the national party against the Norman favourites. On the accession of Jumieges to the See of Canterbury the old charge of having caused the death of Alfred the Atheling was revived, and in 1051 was, with his sons, outlawed and took refuge with count Baldwin of Flanders. He returned in the following year and was restored to favour, and died in 1054 of apoplexy while dining with the king.

Harold.

GOLDEN FLEECE.

and five days after that He met the bailiff at the Golden Fleece,

The name of an Inn. Has

reference to the fleece of a ram which Phryxos, after he had sacrificed it to Zeus, gave to ^Eetes, king of Colchis, who hung it on a sacred oak, and had it guarded by a dragon. It was however stolen by Jason in his Argonautic expedition. The Brook.

GOLDEN FLEECE.

An order of knighthood in- stituted in 1429 by Philip, duke of Burgundy.

hanging down from this The Golden Fleece — and round his knee, mis- placed Our English Garter,

Queen Mary.

GOLD-LILY.

Edwin Morris.

GOLDSMITHS (Immanuel). See Immanuel Goldsmiths.

GOLIATH.

There is one

Come as Goliath came of yore — he flings His brand in air and catches it again, He is chanting some old warsong.

Has reference to the landing in England of William, duke of Normandy. See I Samuel xvii. Harold.

GOOD FORTUNE.

Name of a ship.

prosperously sail'd

The ship* Good Fortune/ tho' at setting forth The Biscay, roughly riding eastward,

Enoch Arden.

GOOSE.

An aquatic fowl of the genus Anser.

The Goose ; The Brook ; Maud ; Gareth and Lynette ; Last Tournament ; Becket; The Foresters.

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GORGON.

A hideous looking creature with a hissing serpent on her head in place of hair, the sight of whom turned the beholder to stone. Perseus, son of Zeus and Danae, being armed with a sharp sickle, discovered the Gorgons asleep, cut off Me- dusa's head, and thrusting it into a bag flew away, being pursued by two other gorgons.

Lest Gorgon rising from the infernal lakes, With horrors arm'd, and curls of hissing snakes, Should fix me, stiften'd at the monstrous sight, A stony image, in eternal night !

Homer : Odyssey, Book XL

Death of (Enone.

GORLOIS.

Lord of Tintagel in Cornwall. He is by some authorities con- sidered to be the father of king Arthur. His daughter Belli- cent became the wife of Lot, king of Orkney.

Sir, for ye know that in King Arthur's time The prince and warrior Gorlois, he that held Tintagil castle by the Cornish sea, Was wedded with a winsome wife, Ygerne :

Coming of Arthur. GORSE.

=the furze, a prickly shrub with yellow flowers.

Voyage of Maeldune.

GRACES.

The Graces were three god- desses named Aglaia, Thalia, and Euphrosyne, representing Grace, Gentleness and Beauty.

Vision of Sin ; The Princess.

GRAIL. See Holy Grail.

GRAMERCY.

A word formerly used to express thanks.

The Foresters.

GRASSHOPPER.

An insect that lives among

grass, closely allied to the locust.

Leonine Elegiacs ; (Enone ;

Becket.

GRANADA.

Queen Mary.

GRAY (Edward). See Edward Gray.

GRAYHOUND.

A tall slender dog kept for the chase, remarkable for keen sight and swiftness.

Harold. GRAYLING.

And here and there a lusty trout, And here and there a grayling.

A silvery-gray fish of the salmon genus.

The Brook.

GREAT SEAL.

The principal seal of England with which all state documents are stamped.

Becket.

GREAT SILENCE.

Inherit the Great Silence.

=be killed.

Ay, sir,

GREECE.

GREENWICH.

GREGORY.

Queen Mary- (Enone.

Queen Mary.

I, true son

Of Holy Church — no croucher to the Gregories That tread the kings their children underheel —

Refers to the popes in general, more particularly to Gregory VII, pope of Rome from 1073 to 1085 A.D.

Becket.

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GREGORY.

Did not Great Gregory bid St. Austin here Found two archbishopricks, London and York?

^Gregory I, pope of Rome from 590 to 604 A.D.

Becket.

GREGORY.

Not to a Gregory of my throning ! No.

Becket.

GRENVILLE (Sir Richard). See Richard, Richard Grenville.

GRESHAM (Sir Thomas). See Thomas Gresham.

GREYS.

The Scots Greys, who, with the 2nd squadron of Innis- killings made the famous charge at Balaclava.

Charge of the Heavy Brigade at Balaclava.

GRIFFIN.

A fabulous monster repre- sented as half lion and half eagle.

Holy Grail; Merlin and the Gleam.

GRIFFYTH.

A king of Wales ; joined with Elfgar, earl of East Anglia, and gathering a large army of Welsh- men and Irishmen invaded England. The earl of Here- ford, king Edward's nephew, met him, but was defeated, and Griffyth sacked the city of Hereford and burnt the Cathe- dral to the ground. Harold, earl of Wessex, afterwards king of England, was sent by Edward the Confessor to avenge this disaster, and with earl Tostig

succeeded in suppressing the rebellion (1063). In the same year Griffyth was slain by his own men and his head brought to Harold who sent it to the king.

Harold.

GRIM (Edward).

Thou art but yesterday from Cambridge,

Grim ; What say ye there of Becket ?

A monk of Cambridge. Was cross-bearer to Thomas Becket. When the four knights — mur- derers of Becket — entered Can- terbury Cathedral, Grim stood by the archbishop during his altercation with them, and shielded him from their violence until his own arm was nearly cut off by a stroke aimed at the primate. Falling to the ground, he crawled away to the altar where the other clerks had taken refuge, and escaped with his life. He was the author of a biography of Becket.

Becket.

GUANAHANI.

An island in the West Indies on which Columbus first landed on October 12, 1492, and to which he gave the name of San Salvador.

and last the light, the light On Guanahani ! but I changed the name ; San Salvador I call'd it ;

Columbus. GUERNSEY.

Second in size and population of the Channel Islands.

Queen Mary.

GUILDFORD DUDLEY.

Fourth son of the first duke

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of Northumberland. At the instigation of his father — whose object was to get the succession of the crown transferred from Mary — he married lady Jane Grey, daughter of the duke of Suffolk. The plot however failed, and upon the accession of Mary, Dudley was committed to the Tower, and thence to trial at the Guildhall, where he was condemned, sentenced to death and beheaded on Tower Hill, February 12, 1554.

Queen Mary. GUINEA-HEN.

An African bird of the pheas- ant family, having dark-gray plumage variegated with small white spots. The Brook.

GUINEVERE.

Daughter of Leodogran, king of Cameliard.

LEODOGRAN, the King of Cameliard, Had one fair daughter, and none other child : And she was fairest of all flesh on earth, Guinevere, and in her his one delight.

After king Arthur had assisted king Leodogran in clearing his kingdom of wild beasts and heathen hordes, he sent three of his knights to Leodogran to ask for the hand of Guinevere, ^nd Leodogran consenting they were married by Dubric, at Camelot, in the church of St. Stephen's. She entertained a guilty passion for sir Lancelot (q.v.) and was in consequence condemned to be burnt. When she was at the stake she was rescued by Lancelot, who carried her off to his castle at Joyous Guard, which castle

was besieged by Arthur. Ulti- mately Guinevere was given up by Lancelot, and received back by Arthur, who, on the advice of Gawain waged a second war on Lancelot in Benwick. Dur- ing the absence of Arthur on his expedition against the Romans, Modred, nephew of Arthur, who had been left in charge of the kingdom, traitor- ously proclaimed himself king, and seized Guinevere whom he kept prisoner. Upon receiv- ing the news, Arthur hurriedly returned, and defeating Modred rescued Guinevere. After the battle, she with two other queens received Arthur in a barge and conveyed him to the Isle of Avalon, where he died, after which Guinevere retired to the nunnery at Almesbury.

And when queen Guenever understood that king Arthur was slain ... she went to Almesbury, and there she let make herself a nun, and wore white clothes and black. Malory : Morte <? Arthur, Book XXI, chap. vii.

and on the death of the Abbess was chosen as her successor, and remained head of the establishment for a period of three years.

And likewise for the high rank she had borne, Was chosen Abbess, there, an Abbess lived For three brief years, and there, an Abbess,

past To where beyond these voices there is peace.

Her death being revealed to Lancelot in a dream, he pro- ceeded to Almesbury, and taking the body of the queen he laid it by the side of king Arthur in the chapel of Glaston- bury.

Sir Launcelot and Queen

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Guinevere ; Coming of Arthur ; Marriage of Ger- aint ; Ealin and Balan ; Merlin and Vivien ; Lan- celot and Elaine ; Pelleas and Ettarre ; Last Tourna- ment ; Guinevere.

GUISNES.

A town near Calais. The garrison commanded by lord Grey was besieged and sur- rendered to the duke of Guise in the reign of Mary.

Queen Mary.

GULISTAN.

A Persian word for rose- garden.

' O Bulbul, any rose of Gulistan Shall burst her veil :

The Princess.

GULL.

A web-footed sea-fowl of the genus Larus.

Pelleas and Ettarre.

GURNION.

The scene of king Arthur's eighth battle against the Saxons :

where Arthur bore the image of the Holy Virgin, Mother of God, upon his shoulders, and through the power of our Lord Jesus Christ, and the holy Mary, put the Saxons to flight, and pursued them the whole day with great slaughter.

Nennius : Six Chronicles .

It is however supposed to have been the head of the Virgin Mary engraven on the shield borne by Arthur.

and again

By castle Gurnion, where the glorious King Had on his cuirass worn our Lady's Head, Carved of one emerald center'd in a sun Of silver rays, that lighten'd as he breathed ;

Lancelot and Elaine.

Athwart his brest a bauldrick brave he ware, That shind, like twinkling stars, with stones most pretious rare.

And in the midst thereof one pretious stone Of wondrous worth, and eke of wondrous

mights,

Shapt like a Ladies head, exceeding shone, Like Hesperus amongst the lesser lights, And strove for to amaze the weaker sights :

Spenser : Faerie Queene, Book I. Canto vii.

Amazement runs before the towering casque

Of Arthur, bearing through the stormy field

The virgin sculptured on his Christian shield : —

Wordsworth : Ecclesiastical Sonnets, Part I.

Stanza x.

The Castle of Gurnion is generally considered to have been in Wales.

Lancelot and Elaine.

GURTH.

Earl of East Anglia and son of earl Godwin ; accompanied his father in exile in 1052, and returned with him the follow- ing year ; succeeded to the earldom of East Anglia in 1057. He accompanied his brother Harold to the battle of Stam- ford-bridge. Gurth advised Harold not to appear in person against William, but to stay and guard the city of London. Fought by the side of Harold at the battle of Senlac, where he threw a spear at the charger ridden by the Conqueror and killed it ; but William rushed forward on foot and slew Gurth with his own hand.

Harold.

GUY.

Count of Ponthieu. Earl Harold sailing one day in a fishing boat in the English Channel was driven by storm on the coast of Ponthieu, and was taken prisoner by Guy, count of Ponthieu. Harold, however, sent a message to duke William of Normandy

GWY]

[HAM

complaining of the treatment he had received, and asking his interference. William ordered his release, and invited him to his court, when it is said he persuaded Harold to swear to assist him to the crown of England upon Edward's death.

drave and crack'd His boat on Ponthieu beach ; where our friend

Guy Had wrung his ransom from him by the rack,

Harold. GWYDION.

Who, after, turn'd her daughter round, and

said,

She never yet had seen her half so fair ; And call'd her like that maiden in the tale, Whom Gwydion made by glamour out of

flowers,

The tale is that of £ Math,' son of Mathonwy, who, with Gwydion sought to form, by enchantment, a wife for Llew.

So they took the blossoms of the oak, and the blossoms of the broom, and the blossoms of the meadow-sweet, and produced from them a maiden, the fairest and most graceful that man ever saw.

Guest : The Mabinogion : Math the Son of Mathonwy.

Marriage of Geraint.

GYNJECEUM.

The women's quarters in a Greek house.

The Princess. HALCYON.

=the kingfisher.

Progress of Spring.

HALE (Francis). See Francis, Francis Hale.

HALL (Everard). See Everard, Everard Hall.

The Epic ; Morte <T Arthur.

HAMAN.

but all those that held with him, Except I plead for them, will hang as high As Haman.

Has reference to Haman,

king Ahasuerus' chief minister, who was hanged on the gallows which he had erected for Mordecai. Esther vii.

The Foresters.

HAMILTON (Lady).

The daughter of a labourer,, born at Ness, Cheshire, in 1763. For some years she lived under the protection of sir William Hamilton, whom she married in 1791. She was a woman of extraordinary beauty, and is immortalized in many portraits by Romney.

What ! the Lady Hamilton ? Good, I am never weary painting you.

She subsequently became the mistress of lord Nelson, and although a widow with a fortune^ fell into debt and died in poverty in 1815.

Romney^s Remorse.

HAMPDEN.

The singleTnote

From that deep chord which Hampden smote Will vibrate to the doom.

Has reference to John Hamp- den who withstood the illegal exaction of Charles I in 1627,. and whose refusal to pay ship money in 1635 l£d to his being tried before the court of exchequer ; and although judg- ment was given against him, the country expressed itself strongly on the side of Hampden and the Long Parliament re- versed the decision of the court, England and America.

HAMPTON COURT.

A palace situated on the Thames erected by Cardinal

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Wolsey in 1515, and presented by him to Henry VIII in 1526. Mary, Elizabeth, Cromwell, the Stuarts, William III, and other monarchs have resided there, but since the time of George II it has ceased to be a royal residence, and is now occupied by pensioners of the crown.

Queen Mary.

HANNIE (Annie).

Eldest child of the village squire, disliked by the village wife.

Hes fur Miss Hannie the heldest nes now be

a-grawin' sa howd, I knaws that mooch o' shea es it beam not

fit to be towd !

Village Wife. HANOVER SHIP.

And curse me the British vermin, the rat ; I know not whether he came in the Hanover

ship,

But I know that he lies and listens mute In an ancient mansion's crannies and holes :

Has reference to the Nor- wegian rat, which came to Eng- land during the eighteenth century. This rat infests ships and thus was carried into coun- tries where they were unknown. The Jacobites claimed that this rat had come to England with the House of Hanover in 1714, when George Ludwig, elector of Hanover, succeeded Anne on the English throne, hence it was called the ' Hanoverian rat.' Maud.

HAPPY ISLES.

It may be we shall touch the Happy Isles, And see the great Achilles, whom we knew.

The Isles of a happy abode for the departed, identified with the Canaries and the Azores. Ulysses.

HARDRADA.

Harold Hardrada, king of Norway, who, at the invitation of earl Tostig (q.v.) came to England and defeated Edwin and Morcar at the battle of Fulford in Yorkshire, but was in turn defeated by Harold at the battle of Stamford-bridge, Hardrada and Tostig being among the slain.

May all invaders perish like Hardrada ! ' All traitors fail like Tostig !

Harold.

HARE.

A rodent of the genus Lepus, with long ears, a short tail,, soft hair, and a divided upper

HP.

Aylmer's Field ; The Foresters.

HAREBELL.

A small branching plant with pale blue bell-shaped flowers. The Princess ; Promise of May.

HARFLEUR.

A French village on the estuary of the Seine. In the Hundred Years' War it was taken after a six months' siege by the English under Henry V (1415), and during the suc- ceeding twenty years changed hands three times. The town was lost to England on Novem- ber 4, 1435.

Harold.

HAROLD.

King of England, second son of earl Godwin. Was in 1051 along with his father banished,, and took refuge with count Baldwin of Flanders. He re-

HAR]

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[HAR

turned the following year, and on Godwin's death became earl of Wessex, and the right hand of king Edward the Confessor. In 1064 he was shipwrecked on the coast of Ponthieii and taken prisoner by Guy (q.v.) count of Ponthieu. Harold complained to duke William of Normandy of the treatment he was re- ceiving at the hands of the count, and asked his interfer- ence. William ordered his re- lease, invited him to his court, where it is said he made him swear that he would, on the death of Edward the Con- fessor, help to make him king of England. On the death of Edward Harold was pro- claimed king. His younger brother Tostig (q.v?) rebelled, and invited over to England Harold Hardrada (q.v.)9 king of Norway. Hardrada sailed up the Humber and with Tostig defeated the English troops at Fulford Bridge in Yorkshire. Harold however marched to meet them, and joined forces with them at Stamford-bridge, where, after a bloody struggle, he won. a complete victory on September 25, 1066, Tostig and Hardrada being among the slain. Four days later, news arrived that duke William of Normandy had landed at Peven- sey. Harold marched south- ward, and with his troops occupied the hill of Senlac, near Hastings. There he was visited by a monk who urged him to

yield to the pope, who had given encouragement to the claims of William. Harold in anger repudiated Rome's author- ity :

Back to that juggler,

Tell him the Saints are nobler than he dreams, Tell him that God is nobler than the Saints, And tell him we stand arm'd on Senlac Hill, And bide the doom of God.

The battle, which lasted from nine o'clock in the morn- ing until after sunset was fought on October 14, 1066, and after a desperate struggle the English were defeated, owing to their allowing the pretended flight of the Normans to draw them from their impregnable position on the hill, Harold himself being slain by an arrow which pierced his eye. Harold's body was found upon the field of battle, and was, by William, ordered to be buried there, saying ' He guarded the shore when living, let him guard it now he is dead,' but afterwards he permitted it to be interred at Waltham Abbey.

Harold.

HAROLD (King of Norway). See Hardrada.

HAROLD (Mr. Philip Edgar). See Eva.

Promise of May.

HAROLD THE SAXON. See Harold (King of England).

The Foresters.

HAROUN ALRASCHID.

(Aaron the Orthodox.) The most renowned of the Bagdad

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caliphs, succeeded to the Caliphate in 786 A.D. He maintained a magnificent court where he gathered round him a company of poets and scholars. He was a contemporary of Charlemagne, and figures as the chief character in the Arabian Nights.

Recollections of the Arabian Nights.

HARRY.

' Ere yet, in scorn of Peter's-pence And number'd bead, and shrift, Bluff Harry broke into the spence And turn'd the cowls adrift :

Has reference to the dissolu- tion of the monasteries by Henry VIII.

Talking Oak. HARRY.

One of the sons of an old woman, who outlived all her children. She fancied they were not dead, but were all about her yet.

While Harry is in the five-acre and Charlie

ploughing the hill, And Harry and Charlie, I hear them too —

they sing to their team :

He died at the age of sixty. Grandmother. HARRY.

Husband of Ellen, with whom she quarrelled on account of a letter written him by a girl in Dorsetshire. Harry wrote his wife assuring her that all would come right again. He left for Jersey, stating he had found work there, but while crossing the boat went down and he was drowned. His wife, who had refused to say good- bye to him, felt she was to blame. First Quarrel.

HARRY BOLINGBROKE.

Henry IV — surnamed Boling- broke, from the place of his birth — king of England from 1399 to 1418; the first of the Lancastrian kings ; eldest son of John of Gaunt and grand- child of Edward III. After spending some time of his life in exile at Paris, he invaded England, and owing to the misrule of his cousin Richard II had little difficulty in de- posing that monarch and assum- ing the crown. This usurpa- tion of the throne gave rise to civil strife known as the Wars of the Roses, which broke out during the reign of Henry VI.

Harry of Bolingbroke Had holpen Richard's tottering throne to

stand,

Could Harry have foreseen that all our nobles Would perish on the civil slaughter-field,

During his reign wars were successfully undertaken against the Welsh under Glendower, and against the rebellion of the Percies in their attempt to win the crown for Mortimer. A statute for the burning of heretics — the first in England for the suppression of religious opinion — was passed during his reign (1366-1413).

Queen Mary.

HARRY OF MONMOUTH. See Henry V.

HARRY THE EIGHTH. See

Henry VIII. HARRY THE SEVENTH. See-

Henry VII. HARRY THE SIXTH. See Henry

VI.

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[HAY

HARWICH.

A seaport in Sussex.

Queen Mary.

HASTINGS (Francis).

Second earl of Huntingdon, eldest son of George Hastings, first earl. Joined the duke of Northumberland against the protector Somerset, and on October 13, 1549, conducted Somerset to the Tower. In order to strengthen his alliance with Northumberland married his son Henry to Northumber- land's daughter Katherine on the same day as lord Guildford Dudley married lady Jane Grey. He was one who signed the agreement to maintain lady Jane Grey's succession to the crown, and on the death of Edward VI joined Northum- berland in declaring her Queen. By order of Mary was arrested and sent to the Tower ; being released, was sent down to Leicester to suppress the revolt headed by the duke of Suffolk, whom he brought back a prisoner to the Tower in February 1555. After obtain- ing several minor appointment s under Mary and Elizabeth he died at Ashby-de-la-Zouch in 1561.

Queen Mary.

HASTINGS.

A town and seaport in Sussex, near to which place was fought the battle of Senlac, 1066. On a hill near the town are the

ruins of the castle built by the Conqueror.

Harold.

HAVELOCK (General Sir Henry)

of Bishop-Wearmouth, Dur- ham. Educated at the Charter- house, and in 1823 proceeded to India. Served with dis- tinction in the Afghan and Sikh Wars and in the Persian Expedition. On the outbreak of the Indian Mutiny he was sent to the relief of Cawnpore and Lucknow, the latter of which places he entered on September 25, 1857. He was however in turn himself be- sieged, but held out until re- lieved by sir Colin Campbell. Almost immediately afterwards he was attacked by dysentery and died on November 22, 1857, and was buried in the Alum-Bagh.

Defence of Lucknow.

HAVERINGATTE-BOWER.

The nightingales in Haveringatte-Bower Sang out their loves so loud, that Edward's

prayers Were deafen'd and he pray'd them dumb,

A village in Essex. It was the seat of some of the Saxon kings, and a favourite resort of Edward the Confessor. It abounded with nightingales — being a woody and peaceful place — and it is said that they sang so loudly that the king was disturbed in his devotions. The ruins of Edward the Con- fessor's palace are still to be seen.

Harold.

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[HEB

HAWA-I-EE.

One of the Sandwich, islands. It contains the famous volcano Kilauea, the crater of which is one of the world's wonders, being nine miles in circum- ference, and which is filled with boiling lava which ebbs and flows like an ocean tide.

Kapiolani.

HAWK.

One of a numerous species of rapacious birds of the family Falconida.

And where the two contrived their daughter's

good, Lies the hawk's cast, the mole has made his

run,

Hawk's cast=feathers, fur, and other indigestible matters ejected from the stomach by a hawk after it has devoured its prey.

Poet's Song ; Aylmer's Field; Marriage of Ger- aint ; Sir John Oldcastle, Lord Cobham ; Harold, ; Becket ; The Foresters.

HAWTHORN.

A thorny shrub or tree, with small fragrant flowers. It is extensively used for hedges.

May Queen ; Progress of Spring. HAZEL. HAZEL-TREE.

A shrub or small tree of the genus Corylus.

Will Waterproofs Lyrical Monologue ; Enoch Arden ; In Memoriam ; May Queen.

HEAD (Edward). See Edward Head.

HEAGLE.

==Eagle.

Owd Rod.

HEATH (Sir Nicholas). See Nicholas, Nicholas Heath.

HEATH.

A small evergreen shrub, growing on waste lands.

Maud ; Coming of Arthur ; Pelleas and Ettarre ; The Ring.

HEATHER.

=Heath.

Romney*s Remorse ; June Bracken and Heather.

HEAVY BRIGADE.

A brigade consisting of two

squadrons of the Scots Greys,

and the 2nd squadron of Innis-

killings, commanded by sir

James Yorke Scarlett which

made the famous charge at

Balaclava, October 25, 1854.

Charge of the Heavy Brigade

at Balaclava.

HEBE.

The goddess of eternal youth, daughter of Zeus and Hera ; cup-bearer to the immortals, before Ganymede (q.v.) super- seded her. She became the wife of Hercules after his ad- mission among the immortals. Gardener's Daughter ; The Princess ; Romney's Re- morse.

HEBREW.

' And I went mourning, No fair Hebrew boy Shall smile away my maiden blame among

The Hebrew mothers ' — emptied of all joy, Leaving the dance and song,

HEC]

1 60

[HEL

Among the Jews it was a reproach to women to be child- less, as each hoped to be the maternal ancestor of the pro- mised Messiah.

Dream of Fair Women.

HECTOR.

Son of Priam and Hecuba, and chief hero of Troy in the Trojan war. He was a favourite of the gods, especially of Apollo. His chief exploits were his single combat with Ajax, and his slaying of Patroclus the friend of Achilles. In revenge for the latter deed Achilles stabbed him and fastened his body to his chariot, and dragged it three times round the grave of Patroclus, but Apollo pre- served it from mutilation. The Iliad of Homer describes the last meeting of Hector and Andromache, her lament upon his death, and the mourning of his mother, his wife and Helen at the funeral obsequies. Specimen of Iliad.

HEDGAR (Edgar). See Eva.

Promise of May.

HEDGEHOG.

A prickly-backed insecti- vorous quadruped, able to roll itself into a ball so as to present the spines outwardly in every direction. It makes a hole or nest for itself a few inches below the surface of the ground, and is nocturnal in its habits.

Aylmer's Field.

HEDGE-PIG.

=a young hedgehog.

The Foresters.

HEDGE-ROSE.

=the wild rose.

Queen Mary.

HELEN.

' Then, then, from utter gloom stood out the

breasts, The breasts of Helen,

Has reference to Helen of Troy, daughter of Zeus and Leda, and the wife of Menelaosy king of Sparta, who was carried off to Troy by Paris (q.v.)T the shepherd-prince of Troy. Lucretius.

HELEN'S TOWER.

Helen's Tower stands on a hill on the southern shore of Belfast Lough. It was built for the purpose of enshrining the following verses written by lady Dufferin to her son, the great British diplomatist, on his coming of age in 1 847 :

TO MY DEAR BOY ON HIS 21ST BIRTHDAY.

With a Silver Lamp.

Fiat Lux. How shall I bless thee ? human love

Is all too poor in passionate words ; The heart aches with a sense above

All language that the lip affords, Therefore, a symbol shall express

My love, a thing nor rare nor strange ; But yet eternal, measureless,

Knowing no shadow and no change; Light, which of all the lovely shows

To our poor world of shadows given, The fervent prophet-voices chose

Alone as attribute of heaven.

At a most solemn pause we stand,

From this day forth for evermore The weak but loving human hand

Must cease to guide thee as of yore; Then as through life thy footsteps stray

And earthly beacons dimly shine, ' Let there be light ' upon the way,

And holier guidance far than mine, ' Let there be light ' in thy clear soul

When passion tempts or doubts assail, When grief's dark tempests o'er thee roll

' Let there be light ' that shall not fail.

HEL]

161

[HEN

So, angel-guarded raay'st thou tread

The narrow path which few may find, And at the end look back nor dread

To count the vanished years behind ; And pray that she whose hand doth trace

This heart-warm prayer, when life is past, May see and know thy blessed face

In God's own glorious light at last.

In 1861 the marquis of Duf- ferin addressed to Tennyson a letter to the effect that he had erected on a hill in his park in Ireland a tower which he had named after his mother ' Helen's Tower,5 and that the only thing wanting to make it a perfect little gem of architecture and decoration, was ' a voice* In answer to this the poet sent the marquis the following lines : —

Helen's Tower, here I stand, Dominant over sea and land. Son's love built me, and I hold Mother's love engrav'n in gold. Love is in and out of time, I am mortal stone and lime. Would my granite girth were strong As either love to last as long ! I should wear my crown entire To and thro' the Doomsday fire, And be found in angel eyes In earth's recurring Paradise.*

* The fancy of some poets and theo- logians that Paradise is to be the renovated earth, as, I dare say, you know.

Life of Tennyson. Helen's Tower.

HELICONIAN HONEY.

Or Heliconian honey in living words, To make a truth less harsh,

Lucretius.

HELICONIAN RIDGE.

Part of the mountain range of Parnassus sacred to the Muses.

Tiresias . [ELLSTOW.

He bad me put her into a nunnery — Into Godstow, into Hellstow, Devilstow ! The Church ! the Church ! God's eyes !

Becket.

HEMAN.

Son of Joel, and grandson of Samuel the prophet. He is called the musician, and was one of the three Levites — the others being Asaph and Ethan — in charge of the vocal and instru- mental music in the second Temple.

sing, Asaph ! clash The cymbal, Heman ! blow the trumpet,

priest !

Fall, cloud, and fill the house — lo ! my two- pillars, Jachin and Boaz ! —

Harold. HEMLOCK.

The name of several poison- ous herbs. In ancient Greece the punishment of death was inflicted by criminals being forced to drink a decoction of the hemlock.

The Princess ; Lover's Tale ; Demeter and Perse- phone.

HENGIST.

The first Saxon king of Kent and joint-founder with his brother Horsa of that kingdom ; arrived at Ebbsfleet from Jut- land in 449 A.D. at the invitation of Vortigern to help him in repelling the Picts and Scots ; but afterwards turned against the Britons themselves and was defeated at Aylesford, 455. Guinevere.

HENRY (Bedingfield). See Henry Bedingfield.

HENRY (the First).

King of England, was the youngest son of William the Conqueror, and the first mon- M

HEN]

arch of the Norman line who was English by birth. He suc- ceeded his brother William Rufus in 1 1 00, at which time his brother Robert was in Normandy. Soon after Robert invaded England, but agreed to renounce his claim to the throne. Robert was however persuaded again to resort to arms and Henry invaded Nor- mandy, defeated him and brought him prisoner to Eng- land where he died in Cardiff castle, and Normandy was united to England. William, Robert's son, however secured the assistance of Louis VI and the counts of Flanders an.d Aragon, and in order to defend himself Henry married his daughter Matilda to the em- peror Henry V, and in mo defeated the French king at Bremule. Henry died sud- denly at Rouen in 1135, and was buried at Reading.

Becket.

HENRY (the Second).

King of England, eldest son of Geoffrey Plantagenet ; suc- ceeded Stephen in 1*54' Through his father and mother, Aragon, Touraine, Normandy and Maine were added to the English crown ; while through his wife, Eleanor— the divorced wife of Louis VII of France — he secured the provinces of Poitou, Limousin and Gascony. His reign was troubled by dis- putes between himself and

162 [HEN

Becket, archbishop of Canter- bury, who was murdered in 1170; and Henry was obliged by the pope to undergo penance at the tomb of the archbishop at Canterbury. In 1170 he caused his son Henry to be crowned king, and three years later his sons, at the instigation of their mother, rebelled against him on account of his attach- ment to Rosamund de Clifford. In 1183 his son Henry died, and Richard, his third son, re- volted against his father, and being supported by the king of France defeated him in Normandy. He died at Chinon 1189.

Becket.

HENRY (the Third).

King of England, eldest son of John, whom he succeeded in 1216, when only ten years of age. He was of a feeble character, and during his reign Normandy and other French provinces were relinquished to the king of France. Civil war broke out, and from 1258-64 a struggle took place between the king and the barons, and at the battle of Lewes in 1264 Henry was defeated and taken prisoner, but promised to accept the Provisions of Oxford. At the battle of Evesham the Barons were totally defeated, chiefly through the courage of Henry's son Edward, where- upon he deprived several of them of their estates. He can-

HEN]

celled the Great Charter and allowed the pope to collect tithes in England. By the treaty of Shrewsbury in 1267 Wales was pacified. He died in 1272 at Westminster and was buried in the Abbey.

On the Jubilee of Queen Victoria.

HENRY.

Son of Henry II, born in 1155 and married at the age of five to princess Margaret of France. Crowned as his father's suc- cessor at Westminster 1170, and again with his queen at Win- chester 1172. In the following year he rebelled against his father, and fled to Normandy ; became reconciled to his father in 1174, and eight years later made war on his brother Richard in Aquitaine, and afterwards on his father. He died penitent, of fever, at Martel at the age of twenty-eight, and was buried at Rouen (1155-1183).

Becket.

Henry (the Seventh).

King of England, son of Ed- mund Tudor and of Margaret, of the house of Lancaster. Henry, who was in Brittany, was invited to invade England to rescue it from the usurper Richard III, and in 1485 landed in Wales and marched to Bos- worth in Leicestershire, where Richard was defeated and slain, Henry being crowned king upon the spot. He united the houses of York and Lancaster, by

163 [HEN

marrying Elizabeth daughter of Edward IV. During his reign a joiner's son named Simnely who pretended to be the young earl of Warwick, rose in rebellion, but was suppressed by Henry's victory at Stoke, near Newark, in 1487. Some years later a Yorkist pretender from Flanders, named Perkin Warbeck, personated Richard, duke of York, who was believed to have been murdered in the tower, claimed the crown, but he was apprehended and con- fined to the Tower, where, with the earl of Warwick, he was executed (1499). Henry died at Richmond in 1509, and was buried in Henry the Seventh's chapel, built by him in Westminster Abbey (1457- 1509).

Queen Mary.

HENRY (the Sixth).

King of England, son of Henry V. Being only ten years of age when he was pro- claimed king, the country dur- ing his long minority was governed by the Privy Council. Charles king of France, dying soon after, the duke of Orleans encouraged by the minority of Henry assumed the title of king, under the name of Charles VII. Henry was crowned king of England at Westminster in 1429, and king of France at Paris in 1431 ; but the conclusion of peace between Charles VII,

HEN]

and Burgundy, and the death of the duke of Bedford brought ruin to the English arms in France. The siege of Orleans was raised by the French in 1429, inspired by Jeanne d'Arc ; Normandy was lost in 1450, and in 1483 with the exception of Calais the English were expelled from France. The king being de- clared insane, the duke of York was made protector, and on Henry's recovery York openly claimed the crown, civil war, known as the Wars of the Roses, broke out, and at the first great battle at St. Albans in 1455 Henry was defeated and taken prisoner. For the two succeed- ing years there was peace, York governing in Henry's name, but in 1459 war again broke out, the Yorkists winning the battle of Bloreheath, but were defeated at Ludlow. In the following year the Yorkists won the battle of Northampton, but were defeated at Wakefield by Margaret, Henry's queen, York himself being slain. In 1461 York's son Edward gained a victory at Mortimer's Cross, and although Warwick was de- feated by Margaret at the second battle of St. Albans, young Edward was crowned at Westminster, and Henry fled to Scotland. After wandering for uur years he was captured and imprisoned in the Tower, where after the defeat of Margaret at Tewkesbury, and the murder

164 [HEN

of prince Edward after the battle, he was murdered (1421—

TO-

Queen Mary.

HENRY (the Eighth).

King of England, son of Henry VII, whom he succeeded in 1509 at the age of eighteen. In the same year he married Catherine of Aragon, widow of his brother Arthur, and the early years of his reign were very popular. In 1512 he joined the Holy League, formed by pope Julius II, and Henry in- vaded France, and having won several victories, concluded peace with the French king,, Louis XII. During his absence James IV of Scotland invaded England, but was defeated and slain at Flodden Field. Form- ing an attachment for Anne Boleyn, he determined to divorce his wife Catherine, his plea being that she was his brother's widow, and the divorce being refused by the pope, Henry assumed the title of head of the English Church. In 1522 Cranmer, who had been created archbishop of Canter- bury, declared Henry's marriage with Catherine void, and the king married Anne Boleyn, but some years later, on the ground of infidelity, she was executed, and Henry married Jane Sey- mour, but she dying soon after the birth of Edward VI, Henry married Anne of Cleves, who was in 1540 divorced. Henry

HEN]

next married Catherine Howard, niece of the duke of Norfolk, who was subsequently beheaded for infidelity, after which he married Catherine Parr, who happily survived him. During his reign the Reformation made great headway ; statutes were passed by parliament completely abrogating the papal authority in England, and in 1535 an act made Henry the supreme Head of the Church. The monas- teries were suppressed, but this act aroused discontent, and an outbreak known as the Pilgrimage of Grace, headed by Robert Aske, broke out in 1536. The rebels were defeated in Lincolnshire, but took posses- sion of York, and marching on Doncaster were dispersed by the duke of Norfolk. In the following year they again rose, but were promptly suppressed and the leader executed (1491-1547). See Harry.

Queen Mary.

HENRY (the Second).

King of France, succeeded his father Francis in 1547. He married Catherine de Medici, but was largely under the influ- ence of his celebrated mistress Diane de Poitiers, and the family of Guise. He formed an alliance with Scotland, and declared war against England which ended in 1558 with the loss of Calais, the last English possession on French soil, that city having been in the hands

165 [HEN

of the English for 210 years. Henry was accidentally wounded in a tournament held in honour of his daughter's marriage, by Montgomery, a Scottish noble- man and captain of the guard, of which he died on July 10, 1559. It was his fixed in- tention to destroy all the Protestants in his dominions, and his sudden death preserved him from the execration which clings to the name of Charles IX.

Queen Mary.

HENRY BEDINGFIELD.

A Privy Councillor, son of sir Edmund Bedingfield. On the death of Edward VI he sup- ported the cause of Mary, and was appointed Constable of the Tower in 1555 in succession to Lord Williams of Thame, when the princess Elizabeth was committed to his keeping for supposed complicity in the rebellion of sir Thomas Wyatt. On the accession of Elizabeth he retired into private life.

Queen Mary.

HENRY OF ENGLAND. See

Henry (the Second).

HENRY OF WINCHESTER.

Henry of Blois, brother of king Stephen. Abbot of Glas- tonbury, where he built a palace and abbey buildings ; created bishop of Winchester in 1129, and procured the throne for his brother Stephen — whom he crowned — by guaranteeing the liberty of the Church.

HEN]

166

[HER

Becket. Htriry of Winchester ? Henry. Him who crown'd Stephen — King Stephen's brother ! No ; too royal for me.

Was suspended from his bishoprick for advising Stephen to forbid Theobald's attend- ance at the papal council at Rheims in 1148, but obtained absolution three years later. Consecrated Becket as primate in 1162, and supported him against Henry II, and on his deathbed rebuked Henry for the murder of Becket.

Becket.

HENRY (The Fifth).

King of England, surnamed Monmouth from the place of his birth, eldest son of Henry IV. Henry having laid claim to the French crown, left the kingdom in the hands of a regency, and invaded France, where he won, in 1415, a great victory at Agincourt. Three years later he married Catharine, daughter of the French king, and by the treaty of Troyes got himself appointed as successor to the French throne. One of the most illustrious men of this reign was sir John Old- castle, Lord Cobham (?.z>.), a nobleman who had fought with success in France during the reign of Henry IV, and a friend of Henry V. Being a convert to Lollardism he was sum- moned by archbishop Arundel to appear before his court, and being found guilty of heresy, Henry had the unpleasant task of choosing between his old

comrade and the Roman pre- late, with the result that Cob- ham was condemned and burnt to death, December 1417.

Sir John Oldcastle* Lord Cobham.

HERBERT (of Bosham).

Born at Bosham, 1162. On the election of Becket to the archbishoprick of Canterbury,, Bosham was appointed his special monitor. Accompanied Becket to the Council of Tours (1163), and the Councils of Clarendon and Northampton in 1164. Went with Becket into exile, and returned with him in 1 170, but returned almost immediately to France. He returned again to England in 1184, and died two years later and was buried in Bosham Church. He was the author of a biography of Becket.

Becket. HERB-OF-GRACE.

The common rue, a perennial * suffrutescent plant, with a bitter taste. Queen Mary.

HERCULES.

My Eustace might have sat for Hercules ; So muscular he spread, so broad of breast-

Has reference to Hercules , son of Zeus and Alkmene, the typical hero of the Greeks.

Dream of Fair Women? Gardener's Daughter.

HERCULES.

He fasts, they say, this mitred Hercules \ He fast ! is that an arm of fast ?

Bishop Folio t's reference to archbishop Becket.

Becket.

HER]

I67

[HER

HERE.

Wife of Zeus and the queen of heaven, whose sacred bird was the peacock. In Greek mythology the attendant at the banquet of the gods, whose food was ambrosia and whose drink was nectar. In Italian myth- ology she was identified with Juno (q.v.).

(Enone ; The Princess.

HEREFORD (Bishop of).

Gerard, archbishop of York, sent by William II in 1095 on a secret mission to pope Urban, from whom he obtained the despatch of a legate and pallium. On his return was created bishop of Hereford, and crowned Henry I ; translated to York in noo; opposed archbishop Anselm in the investiture dis- pute, but was repudiated by the pope, and compelled to profess obedience to Anselm. He attempted to consecrate bishops, and on his death was refused burial in the minster, but was subsequently transferred thither by archbishop Thomas II.

Becket.

HEREWARD THE WAKE.

A yeoman who made a gallant attempt to rally his countrymen against the Conqueror. He held the Isle of Ely for about twelve months (1070-71), and when William succeeded in encom- passing the English, and pene- trating their camp of refuge, he cut his way through the besieging army and escaped.

His subsequent fate is not certain.

The Foresters.

HERMON HILL.

A mountain on the north- eastern border of Palestine, over against Lebanon, and a great landmark to the Israelites. It is referred to in many instances in the Bible, and the mount on which Christ was transfigured.

The beauty that endures on the Spiritual

height, When we shall stand transfigured, like Christ

on Hermon hill,

HERN.

Ha-ppy .

The Heron.

The Brook; In Me- moriam ; Gareth and Lynette ; Geraint and Enid; Lancelot and Elaine ; The Falcon.

HEROD.

Ah, gentle cousin, since your Herod's death, How oft hath Peter knock'd at Mary's gate !

HEROD.

Queen Mary.

And so she throve and prosper 'd : so three years

She prosper'd : on the fourth she fell, Like Herod, when the shout was in his ears,.

Struck thro' the pangs of hell.

Has reference to Herod Agrippa in Acts xii. 22-23.

And the people gave a shout, saying, It is the voice of a god, and not of a man.

And immediately the angel of the Lord smote him, because he gave not God the glory : and he was eaten of worms and gave up the ghost.

Palace of Art. HEROD-HENRY.

When Herod-Henry first Began to batter at your English Church,

Refers to Henry VIIPs re- pudiation of the papal authority in England.

Queen Mary.

HER]

168

[HIL

HERON.

A large water-fowl, with long sharp bill and long legs and toes. Happy.

HESPER.

The personification of the evening star.

Leonine Elegiacs ; Mariana in the South ; In Me- moriam ; Locksley Hall Sixty Tears After.

HESPERIAN.

He smiled, and opening out his milk-white

palm

Disclosed a fruit of pure Hesperian gold, That smelt ambrosially,

The golden apple that grew in the fabulous garden of Hes- perides the daughter of Hes- perus, or Night, in Africa. (Enone.

HESPER-PHOSPHOR.

Sweet Hesper- Phosphor, double name

Hesper and Phosphor are two names for the same star, i.e. Venus as she is the evening or the morning star.

In Memoriam.

HESPERUS.

The personification of the

evening-star. The name of a

knight — one of four brothers —

who kept the passages of Castle

Perilous, where the lady Lyonors

was held a prisoner, and who

was overthrown by sir Gareth.

Leonine Elegiacs ; Gareth

and Lynette.

HETAIRAI.

But girls, Hetairai, curious in their art, Hired animalisms.

A supposed primitive state of society, in which all the

females of a tribe were held in common.

Lucretius. HETTY.

Daughter of the village squire, supposed to be weak-minded.

An Hetty wur weak i' the hattics, wi'out ony harm i' the legs,

Village Wife. HIC JACETS.

The first words on old tomb- stones— * Here lies.9

Merlin and Vivien. HIDALGOS.

Spanish noblemen.

Columbus. HIGGINS.

A farm labourer.

Promise of May. HILDEBRAND.

Pope Gregory VII, born in Tuscany. His youth was passed at Rome in the monastery of St. Maria, and afterwards studying at Clugny became famous as a preacher. Elected pope in 1073 ; deposed by the emperor Henry IV, but Gregory retaliated by excommunicating the emperor, and finally com- pelled him to do penance. Gregory was however subse- quently deposed in favour of Clement III, in 1080, by Henry, who besieged and captured Rome, but Gregory was liber- ated by Robert Guiscard, and retired to Salerno, where he died.

Harold. HILL OF HOPE.

' Brother,' she said, ' let this be call'd hence- forth The Hill of Hope : '

Lover's Tale.

HIL]

169

[HOL

HILL OF WOE.

Last we came To what our people call ' The Hill of Woe.'

Lovers Tale.

HILLS.

A millionaire family.

new-comers in an ancient hold, New-comers from the Mersey, millionaires, Here lived the Hills— a Tudor-chimnied bulk Of mellow brickwork on an isle of bowers.

Edwin Morris.

HISPANIOLA.

The largest of the West Indian Islands, now known by the name of Hayti, discovered by Columbus in 1492. In 1697 the island was ceded to France, but in 1791 after a revolution, the natives swept the island of all Europeans, and established a republican form of government.

Columbus.

HO.

they swerved and brake Flying, and Arthur call'd to stay the brands That hack'd among the flyers, ' Ho ! they yield i;

A word used by the Heralds to stop fighting in tournaments in mediaeval times.

Coming of Arthur.

HOLLY.

An evergreen shrub, with hard, prickly leaves and red and yellow berries.

The Princess ; Spiteful Letter ; In Memoriam ; Pelleas and Ettarre ; Sir John Oldcastle, Lord Cobham.

HOLLY-HOAK.

A rich luxuriant plant, a favourite in English shrubberies,

with a great variety of colour in its flower.

The Princess.

HOLLYHOCK.

A kind of mallow, bearing flowers of various colours.

A Spirit Haunts ; Aylmer's Field.

HOLMES.

A clergyman present at the house of Francis Allen, on Christmas Eve, when a con- versation on the decay of Christmas customs and the Christian religion took place between some college-friends assembled round the wassail- bowl.

The Epic.

HOLOFERNES.

And, couch'd behind a Judith, underneath The head of Holofernes peep'd and saw.

The Assyrian general in com- mand of Nebuchadnezzar's army. As he was besieging the" town of Bethulia, Judith, a Jewish heroine, made her way into his tent and cutting off his head as he lay asleep, bore it in triumph to the town. The subject forms part of the apocryphal book of Judith, but it is not mentioned by Josephus, and is therefore considered spurious. Judith, a poem, the authorship of which is unknown, gives in some 350 lines the of Holofernes and summons to the

slaughter

Judith's

Israelites.

The Princess.

HOL]

170

[HOL

HOLY CROSS.

English cries. Harold and Holy Cross ! Out ! out !

See Waltham. HOLY ELDERS.

Such times have been not since the light that

led The holy Elders with the gift of myrrh.

Has reference to the Magi who were led to Bethlehem by the Star in the East where they presented to the new-born Christ their offerings of gold, frankincense and myrrh. St. Matthew ii. n.

Morte d* Arthur ; Passing of Arthur.

HOLY GRAIL.

The vessel made of emerald stone, said to have been used by Christ at the last supper, and in which Joseph of Ari- mathaea caught some of the blood that flowed from His wounds on Calvary.

The cup, the cup itself from which our Lord drank at the last sad supper.

The story is, that after Joseph of Arimathaea had begged the body of Christ he followed Philip to Gaul as a preacher, and being sent across the Channel to carry the gospel into Britain, came to Glaston- bury in Somersetshire. He brought with him the dish which was eventually lost, and the quest of the Grail was undertaken by several knights of the Round Table. As the Knights were seated at the Round Table at Camelot, a noise as of thunder was heard and the palace shook, and there

came from the beam a vision of the Holy Grail, covered with white samite and borne by invisible hands ; all the knights heard the noise, but only sir Galahad the pure was permitted to see it with his bodily eyes,, after which it was borne away to the holy heavens.

The Cathedral of Genoa is supposed to contain the Holy Grail. It is a shallow basin made of dark green glass, and was for centuries regarded as an emerald. It was brought to Genoa in noi A.D. by Guglielmo Embriaco, a native of Genoa and a Crusader. Embriaco invented the movable wooden towers used at the siege and capture of Jerusalem in the First Crusade.

Sir Galahad ; Holy Grail.

HOLY LAND.

=Palestine.

In Memoriam ; Lover'f Tale ; Happy ; The For- esters.

HOLY ROOD.

The cross or crucifix fixed over the entrance to the chancel of a church.

Harold ; Queen Mary ; Becket ; The Foresters.

HOLY SEPULCHRE.

whereon I vow'd

That, if our Princes harken'd to my prayer, Whatever wealth I brought from that new

world,

Should, in this old, be consecrate to lead A new crusade against the Saracen, And free the Holy Sepulchre from thrall.

The Sepulchre in which the body of Christ was laid.

Columbus.

HOL]

171

[HOR

HOLY WAR.

The name given to an expedi- tion carried on by Christians against the Saracens in the Holy Land in the eleventh, twelfth and thirteenth centuries.

Happy.

HOLY WRIT.

=The Scriptures. Merlin and Vivien ; Holy Grail ; Queen Mary ; The Foresters.

HOMER.

The great epic poet of Greece, and author of the Iliad and the Odyssey.

The Princess ; On Trans- lations of Homer ; Epilogue; Parnassus.

HOMERIC.

these twelve books of mine Were faint Homeric echoes, nothing- worth .

Has reference to the poetry of Homer the famous Greek poet.

The Epic.

HONEYSUCKLE

A flowering plant with cream- coloured flowers.

May Queen ; Aylmer's Field ; Gareth and Lynette; City Child.

HONG-KONG.

Clag-cloister ; Anatolian Ghost ; Hong- Kong, Karnac, and the rest.

=the three cities.

To Ulysses.

HONORIUS.

but echo'd on to reach Honorius, till he heard them, and decreed That Rome no more should wallow in this

old lust

Of Paganism, and make her festal hour Dark with the blood of man who mur "er'd

man.

Flavius Honorius Augustus, emperor of Rome, second son of Theodosius. He suppressed the gladiatorial combats prac- tised in Rome. It was during his reign that the persecution of the pagans began (384-423). St. Telemachus.

HOOD (Robin). See Robin, Robin Hood.

HOOPER (John).

Born in Somersetshire in 1518, and became a Cistercian monk at Gloucester. A study of the writings of Zwingli con- verted him to the reformed faith, and in 1550 he was created bishop of Gloucester by Edward VI, but was impris- oned in the Fleet prison for objecting to wear the episcopal habit. In 1552 he was made bishop of Worcester. On the accession of Mary he was com- mitted to the Tower, and after eighteen months' imprisonment was tried for heresy, con- demned to death, and burnt at Gloucester, February 9, 1555. Queen Mary.

HOP.

A bitter plant, the cones of

which are much used in brewing.

AylmeSs Field; The

Princess.

HORACE.

The Roman lyric poet.

Epilogue ; Poets and their Bibliographies.

HORSELEECH.

Golden Tear.

HOR]

172

[HUG

HORTENSIA

On the other side Hortensia spoke against the tax ;

In 44 B.C. after the assassina- tion of Julius Caesar there was formed in Rome a Commission, called the Commission of Public Safety. This Commission, hav- ing declared war against Brutus {the murderer of Caesar), levied a war tax on the wealthy ladies of Rome, but the eloquent pleading of Hortensia succeeded in the proposed tax being re- jected. She was the daughter of the famous orator Hortensius. The Princess.

HOUGOUMONT.

this, indeed, her voice

And meaning, whom the roar of Hougoumont Left mightiest of all peoples under heaven ?

= Battle of Waterloo.

To the Queen, II.

HOURIS.

Or thronging all one porch of Paradise A group of Houris bow'd to see

The dying Islamite, with hands and eyes That said, We wait for thee.

Seventy-two beautiful virgins of paradise, whose companion- ship, according to the teaching of the Koran, is part of the reward of every faithful Mohammedan after death. They are pos- sessed with perpetual youth and beauty.

Palace of Art ; Promise of May. HOURS.

But thy strong Hours indignant work'd their wills,

Three sisters, attendants on the gods.

Tithonus.

HOWARD (Thomas).

See Thomas Howard.

HOWARD (Lord William). See William, William Howard.

Owd Rod.

HOWL.

=Owl.

HOWLABY BECK.

But I minds when i' Howlaby beck won

daay ya was ticklin' o" trout, An' keeaper "e seed ya an roon'd, an' 'e beal'd

to ya ' Lad, coom hout '

Church-warden and the Curate. HOWLABY DAALE.

An' 'e kep his head hoop like a king, an' 'e'd

niver not fown wi' 'is taail, Fur 'e'd niver done nowt to be shaamed on,

when we was i' Howlaby Daale.

Ozud Rod.

HUBERT.

Lover of Miriam Erne, only child of the late Miriam Erne. Hubert was spoken of by Miriam's father as the fairy prince. On the wedding morn- ing Miriam asked her father to wish her joy. He replied,

What need to wish when Hubert weds in

The heart of Love, and you the soul of Truth In Hubert ?

The Ring. HUGH.

An old knight who had fought at Agincourt where Henry V defeated the French in 1415. Walter, son of Walter Vivian, showed to some of his friends invited to spend the day with them, some of the articles which adorned his father's house, and which had been collected from all quarters of the globe and at all eras of history. And ' this ' he said, ' was Hugh's at Agincourt.'

The Princess.

HUG]

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[ICE

HUGH (de Morville). See De Morville.

HUMBER (river).

Harold.

HUNGARY.

Shall I weep if a Poland fall ? shall I shriek if a Hungary fail ?

In 1848-9 the Hungarians under Louis Kossuth rebelled against Austrian rule, but, with the aid of Russia, were reduced to subjection.

Maud.

HUNTINGDON (Earl of). See Robin, Robin Hood.

HUTTERBY HALL.

I could fettle and clump owd booots and

shoes wi' the best on 'em all, As fer as fro' Tbursby thurn hup to Harmsby

and Hutterby HalL

Northern Cobbler.

HYACINTH.

A beautiful bulbous-rooted flowering plant of many varieties. The hyacinth was fabled to have sprung from the blood of Hyakinthos, a youth killed by Apollo with a quoit.

Balin and Balan ; Guinevere.

HYADES.

on shore, and when Thro' scudding drifts the rainy Hyades Vext the dim sea :

A Greek word meaning the * rainers ' ; and a name given to seven stars in the constella- tion Taurus ; their rising and setting simultaneously with the sun is believed to be attended with wet weather.

Ulysses.

HYMEN.

In Greek mythology the god

of marriage, son of Apollo ; represented as a boy with wings, and carrying in his hand the marriage torch and bridal veil. Originally a song sung at a Greek wedding.

Till Hymen brought his love-delighted hour, There dwelt no joy in Eden's rosy bow'r ! In vain the viewless seraph ling'ring there, At starry midnight, charm'd the silent air ; In vain, the wild-bird caroll'd on the steep r To hail the sun, slow- wheeling from the deep ; In vain, to soothe the solitary shade, Aerial notes in mingling measure play'd ; The summer wind that shook the spangled

tree,

The whispering wave, the murmur of the bee ; — Still slowly pass'd the melancholy day, And still the stranger wist not where to stray. The world was sad ! — the garden was a wild f And man, the hermit, sigh'd — till Woman

smil'cl !

Campbell : Pleasures oftHope, Part II

The Cup. HYPERION.

' Look where another of our Gods, the Sun r Apollo, Delius, or of older use All-seeing Hyperion — what you will —

The name given by the poets to the Sun.

Lucretius.

IBYCI.

And one an uxor pauperis Ibyci.

Has reference to the wife of Ibycus, a Greek lyric poet. Becket.

ICELAND.

An island in the North Atlantic Ocean.

Harold.

ICENIAN.

An ancient British tribe who inhabited the present counties of Norfolk and Suffolk. Under their queen Boadicea (q.v) they rose against the Romans, destroyed the Roman colonies of Colchester, St. Albans and London, and slew 70,000 Romans, but were in turn de-

IDA]

174 [IDA

feated by Suetonius Paulinus the Roman governor of Britain. Boddicea.

IDA.

A mountain range in Asia Minor extending from Phrygia through Mysia into the Troas. It was the scene of the rape of Ganymede and the judgment of Paris, and the place from which the gods watched the battle between the Trojans and the Greeks. Zeus is said to have been born here, and it possessed a temple in honour of Cybele the Idaean Mother. The rivers Gramcus, Simois, Scamander and many other smaller streams have their sources in the mountain, hence Tennyson's epithet of Many- •fountairfd Ida.

(Enone ; Lucretius ; Death of (Enone.

IDA.

Heroine of The Princess, betrothed in infancy to prince Arac. On attaining marriage- able age she determined to found a college for women, and rigidly exclude all men. She was essentially earnest and de- voted to her cause for its own sake, and would undoubtedly have shrunk from no personal sacrifice which might have pro- moted the welfare of her darling purpose. In her position as head of the college she was the embodiment of majestic dignity, her voice resonant and divine .and formed a striking contrast

to some of the subordinate members of her staff. In founding the college her chief aim was for the betterment of woman's position. She thought that the province of woman in the economy of nature was intellectual eminence.

Knowledge is now no more a fountain seal'd : Drink deep, until the habits of the slave, The sins of emptiness, gossip and spite And slander, die.'

The prince put on woman's clothing, and was admitted to the college as a girl student. The prince's father declared war upon the father of the princess to enforce the marriage contract, and it was agreed to settle the quarrel by a combat of fifty warriors on either side ; the prince was beaten and the college was turned into a hospital for the wounded men, most of the girl graduates being ordered home. The princess remained to nurse the defeated prince, with the natural consequence that in tending him she was drawn to love him, abandoned the college, and married her betrothed.

The Princess.

IDALIAN.

Idalian Aphrodite beautiful, Fresh as the foam, new-bathed in Paphian wells,

Idalium, an ancient town in Cyprus. It possessed a temple sacred to Aphrodite, from which she was sometimes called Idalia.

(Enone.

IDE]

I7S

[INN

IDEN.

And Thomas White will prove this Thomas

Wyatt, And he will prove an Iden to this Cade,

Has reference to Alexander Iden, a Kentish squire who slew Jack Cade (q>v.) and brought his head to Henry VI, for which service he was knighted. Shakespeare in Second Part of King Henry VI ', Act v. Scene i, alludes to it :

King Henry. The head of Cade! Great

God, how just art thou ! O, let me view his visage, being dead, * * *

King Henry. How art thou call'd ? and

what is thy degree ?

Iden. Alexander Iden, that's my name ; A poor esquire of Kent, that loves his king.

King Henry. Iden, kneel down. Rise up a knight.

Queen Mary. IDRIS.

Himself beyond the rest pushing could move The chair of Idris.

A mythical Welsh giant, whose rocky chair was on the mount of Cader Idris in Merionethshire. Tradition says that any one passing the night in the chair, would, in the morn- ing either be found dead or endowed with poetical inspir- ation.

Marriage of Geraint.

ILIAD.

The great epic poem by Homer.

Parnassus. ILION.

but in front

The gorges, opening wide apart, reveal Troas and Ilion's column'd citadel, The crown of Troas.

= The city of Troy, built by the gods Neptune and Apollo, for Laomedon, the father of Tithonus.

(Enone ; Tithonus ; Lucre- tius ; To Virgil; Death of (Enone.

ILLYRIAN.

ILLVRIAN woodlands, echoing falls Of water, sheets of summer glass,

The coastlands east of the Adriatic and north of Greece. To E. L.

IMMANUEL GOLDSMITHS.

A jeweller, whose shop was ransacked and ' ower a hoonderd pounds worth o' rings stolen.' Promise of May.

IND.

and bind with bands That island queen who sways the floods and

lands From Ind to Ind,

= India. Buona-parte ; Queen Mary.

INDIA.

Milton ; A Welcome to Her Royal Highness Marie Alex- androvna, Duchess of Edin- burgh ; To the Marquis of Dufferin and Ava ; On the Jubilee of Queen Victoria ; Defence of Lucknow.

INDIES.

= West Indies.

Columbus ; Queen Mary.

INNISKILLENS.

The second squadron of Inniskillings, who, with two squadrons of the Scots Greys made the famous charge at Balaclava.

Charge of the Heavy Brigade at Balaclava.

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[ISL

INQUISITION DOGS.

To these Inquisition dogs and the devildoms of Spain.

= The Spanish Inquisition established in 1480.

The Revenge.

IONIAN ARTEMIS. See Ephe- sian Artemis.

IONIAN FATHER.

And there the Ionian father of the rest ; A million wrinkles carved his skin ;

= Homer.

Palace of Art.

IONIAN HILLS.

THERE lies a vale in Ida, lovelier Than all the valleys of Ionian hills.

May probably refer to the neighbouring hills of Mysia.

(Enone. IRAN.

= The Persian empire.

Akbar's Dream. IRELAND.

Last tournament ; Harold. IRIS.

But light-foot Iris brought it yester-eve, Delivering, that to me,

The daughter of Thaumas and Electra. She was a virgin goddess and a messenger of the gods, and swift as the breeze with wings of gold. She was the personification of the rain- bow.

(Enone ; Achilles over the Trench. IRIS.

A genus of plants having showy flowers and bulbous roots.

In Memoriam. ISABEL.

Revered Isabel, the crown and head, The stately flower of female fortitude, Of perfect wifehood and pure lowlihead.

Has reference to Tennyson's

mother. The poem itself is a description of her.

Isabel ISCARIOT.

That Pontius and Iscariot by my side Show'd like fair seraphs.

= Judas, surnamed Iscariot, one of the twelve Apostles, who betrayed his Master for thirty pieces of silver.

St. Simeon Stylites ; Queen Mary. ISIS.

For the drift of the Maker is dark, an Isis hid by the veil.

An Egyptian goddess and the goddess of procreation and birth, her symbol being the cow. Her principal temple was at Busiris in the Delta of the Nile. Several feasts were held in her honour, and there were also special mysteries of Isis, supposed to have been borrowed from the Eleusinian mysteries of Demeter.

Maud. ISLAMITE.

Or thronging all one porch of Paradise A group of Houris bow'd to see

The dying Islamite, with hands and eyes That said, We wait for thee.

^Obedience to God's WilL Palace of Art.

ISLE OF FINN.

Go back to the Isle of Finn and suffer the Past to be Past.'

= Ireland.

Voyage of Maeldune.

ISLE OF A SAINT. ISLE OF FIRE. ISLE OF FLOWERS. ISLE OF FRUITS. ISLE OF SHOUTING.

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[ixr

ISLE OF THE DOUBLE TOWERS. ISLE OF WITCHES.

See Maeldune.

ISLE OF WIGHT.

Yet one lay-hearth would give you welcome (Take it and come) to the Isle of Wight :

An island in the English Channel.

To Ulysses ; To Rev. F. D. Maurice. ISLIP.

A town near Oxford.

Queen Mary. ISOLT.

According to the Arthurian tradition there were two ladies of this name, Isolt the Fair, daughter of Anguish, king of Erin, wife of king Mark (q.v.) of Cornwall ; and Isolt of the 1 White Hands,' daughter of Howell, king of Brittany, and the wife of sir Tristram (q.v.). It is the latter lady to whom Tennyson refers. Last Tournament ; Guinevere.

ISSA BEN MARIAM.

Issa Ben Mariam, his own prophet, cried ' Love one another, little ones,' and ' bless ' Whom ? even ' your persecutors ' !

= Jesus, the son of Mary, founder of the Christian religion.

Akbar's Dream. ISSUS.

when her Satrap bled At Issus by the Syrian gates,

A Cilician town, famous for the victory which Alexander the Great obtained over Darius, 333 B.C.

Alexander. ITALY.

The Brook; The Daisy; To Dante ; Queen Mary.

ITHACENSIAN SUITORS.

I ceased, and all the ladies, each at each Like the Ithacensian suitors in old time, Stared with great eyes, and laugh'd with alien lips,

Has reference to Penelope, wife of Odysseus, king of Ithaca, who, during the latter's absence in the Trojan war, was beset by numerous suitors, assuming that Odysseus had perished in the war. Eventually, through the good offices of Pallas Athene, Odysseus returned, and relieved her of her perplexity, The Princess.

IVIN'.

= Ivy.

Owd Rod ; Church-warden and the Curate.

IVY.

A plant of the genus Hederay with dark smooth evergreen leaves. The stem clings to walls and trees.

(Enone ; Lotos-Eaters ;

Day-Dream ; The Brook ;

Spiteful Letter ; Marriage

of Geraint ; Lover's Tale ;

Harold; The Foresters.

IX10N-LIKE.

Shadows thou dost strike, Embracing cloud, Ixiou-like ;

Ixion was the king of the Lapithae, who attempted to win the love of Juno, but Jupiter substituted a cloud of her instead, whereby he became the father of the Centaurs, and whom Jupiter punished by fastening him to an eternally revolving wheel in hell.

Two Voices.

JAC]

I78

[JAM

JACHIN.

A brass pillar, signifying sta- bility, at the entrance to Solo- mon's temple. I Kings mi. 21.

IJhave built the Lord a house — sing, Asaph !

dash The cymbal, Heman ! blow the trumpet,

priest!

Fall, cloud, and fill the house — lo ! my two ^pillars, Jachin and Boaz ! —

Harold.

JACK.

The man employed by a farmer named Jocky Dawes to remove his household belong- ings from the farm as the house was supposed to be haunted.

Walking to the Mail. JACK.

And Jack on his ale-house bench has as many lies as a Czar;

See Czar.

Maud.

JACKSON.

A labourer to farmer Dobson. Promise of May.

JACOBINISM— JACQUERIE.

After madness, after massacre, Jacobinism and Jacquerie.

Jacobinism. The policy of the Jacobite faction opposite to legitimate government. Jac- querie. A name given to the French peasants who rose in revolt against the nobles during the absence of king John II of France as a prisoner in Eng- land in 1358, the leader of whom assumed the name of Jacques Bonhomme.

Locksley Hall Sixty Tears After. JAEL.

And highest, among the statues, statue-like, Between a cymbal'd Miriam and a Jael,

A Jewish heroine, wife of Heber the Kenite, who slew Sisera the captain of the host of the Canaanites, who after being defeated by Deborah and Balak near the brook Kishon, fled and took refuge in her tent. See Judges iv.

The Princess.

JAMES.

A friend of the poet Leonard, also spending a holiday in Llanberis. He had listened to the lines written by Leonard concerning the Golden Age, and added all in heat,

4 What stuff is this !

Old writers push'd the happy season back, — The more fools they — we forward : dreamers both:

He declares :

That unto him who works, and feels he works, This same grand year is ever at the doors.'

Golden Tear. JAMES.

We flung the burthen of the second James.

=We got rid of James II, declared the throne vacant, and resisted him by force of arms. Third of February.

JAMES.

A Protestant who with others was assembled to see the burning of Cranmer, who at the time of the conversation was set upon a scaffold before the people.

First Protestant. See how the tears run

down his fatherly face. Second Protestant. James, didst thou

ever see a carrion crow Stand watching a sick.beast before^e'dies ?

Queen Mary. JAMES, ST. See St. James.

JAM]

I79

[JEN

JAMES WILLOWS.

Cousin of Katie Willows, and also her lover —

James Willows, of one name and heart with her.

Katie and her lover quar- relled, and it was implied that the narrator, Lawrence Aylmer, of whom James was jealous, was the guilty person.

And James departed vext with him and her.

Lawrence, however, did Katie a good turn by engaging the attention of her father Philip, so that she and James had an opportunity of making up the quarrel.

' Arrived and found the sun of sweet content Re-risen in Katie's eyes, and all things well.

The Brook. JANE. See Jenny.

JANE.

Daughter of Henry Grey, marquis of Dorset and a dis- tinguished linguist. The duke of Northumberland, who had succeeded Somerset, compelled her to marry against her wish his fourth son, lord Guildford Dudley, and on the death of Edward VI had her pro- claimed queen. On the acces- sion of Mary she was sent to the Tower, and being condemned to death was six months later with her husband beheaded. Queen Mary.

JAPAN.

To Ulysses.

JAQUES.

Our kindlier/trustierc Jacques, past away !

Has reference to Jaques, a lord attendant on the banished duke in the forest of Arden. Is

one of the characters in Shake- speare's As you like it, AWs well that ends well, and Henry V.

To Rev. W. H. Brookfield.

JASMINE.

A shrubby plant, bearing flowers of a peculiarly fragrant odour.

Dream of Fair Women ; Aylmer 's Field ; The Prin- cess.

JAY.

A bird allied to the crow family with gay plumage.

My life is full ; Progress of Spring ; The Foresters.

JEAN.

A priest.

Harold.

JENNY.

Cousin of the speaker in the poem, and to whose house she had come with the idea of making trouble between the speaker and her lover Willy. She partially succeeded, being seen one moonlight night taking a walk with Willy. On account of this the speaker suggested to her lover that they should part, but Willy said

Sweetheart, I love you so well that your good

name is mine. And what do I care for Jane, let her speak of

you well or ill ; But marry me out of hand : we two shall be

happy still.'

Grandmother.

JENNY.

One of a crowd of women and children assembled on London Bridge, who were much

JEPJ

1 80

[JOA

against the marriage of Mary and Philip of Spain.

Queen Mary.

JEPHTHA.

JEPHTHA'S DAUGHTER.

Pale, for on her the thunders of the house Had fallen first, was Edith that same night ; Pale as the Jephtha's daughter,

Has reference to the daughter of Jephtha, who was offered up to God as a sacrifice. See Judges xv. AylmeSs Field ; The Flight.

JEROOSILIM (Jerusalem).

Tomorrow. JERSEY.

The largest of the Channel Islands.

First Quarrel.

JERUSALEM.

The capital of ancient Judaea, and of modern Palestine, and the scene of many import- ant events in Biblical history. Columbus ; Becket ; Promise of May. JESSAMINE. =Jasmine.

Maud.

JESSMINE.

=Jasmine.

Spinster's Sweet- Arts.

JESSES.

Yet while they road together down the plain, Their talk was all of training, terms of art, Diet and seeling, jesses, leash and lure.

Two short straps round the legs of a hawk to which was attached the leash.

Merlin and Vivien.

JILT.

Name of a horse.

The Brook.

JINNY.

Daughter of the village squire.

An' the fever *ed baaked Jinny's 'ead as bald as one o* them heggs,

Village Wife.

JOAN.

A French maiden, born of poor parents. Professed to have been inspired to liberate France from the English ; and in 1428 led the French army to victory, raised the siege of Orleans and saw Charles VII crowned king at Rheims on July 13, 1429. In the follow- ing year she was captured and sold to the English, and after being imprisoned at Rouen was brought to trial, and being condemned as a sorceress was burnt to death, May 30,

H31-

The Princess ; Romney's

Remorse ; Dream of Fair Women.

JOAN.

A country wife.

Queen Mary. JOANES.

Described by an old farmer, whose strength is fast failing, as being devoid of sense, and a person who could be more easily spared to die than the farmer himself.

A mowt 'a taaen owd Joanes, as 'ant not a 'aapoth o' sense,

Northern Farmer, Old Style. JOAN OF KENT.

'twas you

That sign'd the burning of poor Joan of Kent ; But then she was a witch.

Called the 'Maid of Kent,' born in 1506. When a domestic

JOC]

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[JOH

servant at Aldington she came out of an illness in a state of religious mania, and under the direction of a monk — sent by archbishop Warham to examine her — gave herself out as a prophetess who had received inspiration from the Virgin Mary. Events having falsified her predictions she was in 1533 examined before parliament, confessed the imposture and was condemned and executed at Tyburn, with other accom- plices in April 1534. When brought to the scaffold she described herself as ' a poor wench without learning, who had been puffed up by praises to her own undoing and that of her companions.'

Queen Mary.

JOCELYN (Bishop of Salisbury).

No saying of mine — Jocelyn of Salisbury.

=Jocelin de Bohun, bishop of Salisbury 1142-1184.

Becket.

JOCKY DAWES.

A farmer — tenant of Sir Edward Head — who removed from his farm as it was supposed to be haunted by a ghost

that shook

The curtains, whined in lobbies, tapt at doors, And rummaged like a rat : no servant stay'd : The farmer vext packs up his beds and chairs, And all his household stuff ;

Walking to the Mail.

JOHN.

What amulet drew her down to that old oak, So old, that twenty years before, a part Falling had let appear the brand of John —

The tree had been branded with the letters I.R. (= John Rex or King), denoting that it had been so marked in the reign of King

John. The marks thus burnt into the bark of the tree had been concealed from view by the overgrowth of fresh bark, which, fall- ing off centuries after, had disclosed the an- cient brand.

Webb : Notes on Aylmtr's Field.

T. J. M. wiiting in Notes and Queries, September 25, 1880,

says :

4 that in cutting down some timber in Birk- land and Billagh, in Sherwood Forest, letters have been found cut or stamped in the body of the trees, denoting the king's reign in which they were so marked. The cyphers were of the reign of James I., of William and Mary, and one of King John. The mark of John was eighteen inches within the tree, and something more than a foot from the centre ; it was cut down in 1791. But the middle year of John's reign was 1207, from which, if we subtract 120 — the number of years requisite for a tree of two feet in diameter to arrive at that growth — it will make the date of its planting 1085, or about twenty year$ after the Conquest.'

J. T. F. in the same issue of

Notes and Queries tells us :

' that a bit of oak bearing the two Roman letters I.R., was given to his grandfather, William Fowler, of Winterton, some sixty years ago, by a gentleman in the neghbour- hood of Newark. The letters, which are a little over an inch in height, are cut or branded directly across the grain of the wood. At- tached to the fragment is a label inscribed as follows :—

' This piece of wood was found in an Oak tree, 15 inches below the bark, and contained the Initals of King John, who died at Newark 600 years ago.'

Inter's Field.

Ayli

JOHN.

St. John the Evangelist. Columbus considered the words in the Book of Revelation, chap, i, verse I, referred to him. Columbus. JOHN.

Let them go.

They go like those old Pharisees in John Convicted by their conscience, arrant cowards,

=The Gospel of St John. Queen Mary.

JOHN.

Prince John, afterwards king of England.

The Foresters.

JOHJ

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[JOS

JOHN.

JOHN OF OXFORD.

Bishop of Norwich ; presi- dent of the Council of Claren- don in 1164; in November of the same year — after Becket's flight — was sent with other bishops, to the French king requesting that he would not receive the archbishop. In 1 1 66 Becket while at Veselay formally excommunicated him, but he obtained absolution from Alexander III. In 1175 he was appointed bishop of Norwich by Henry II. His latter years appear to have been spent in retirement. He died in 1200.

Becket.

JOHN.

JOHN OF SALISBURY.

Bishop of Chartres ; secre- tary to archbishop Theobald for some years ; fell into dis- grace with Henry II and appealed to Becket to intercede for him ; left England in 1164 but returned in 1170 after Becket's interview with Henry at Freteval. Was in the com- pany of Becket when the four knights made their appearance in Canterbury Cathedral, and advised Becket to be prudent in his dealings with them ; when the actual attack began he fled and hid himself. After the murder he supported the in- clusion of Becket's name in the calendar of martyrs and wrote a biography of him with a view of securing his canonization.

In 1176 he was appointed bishop of Chartres. He died on October 25, 1179, and was buried in the monastery of Josaphat.

Becket.

JOHN (Prester) . See Prester John. JOHN, ST. See St. John.

JOHN THE SWEARER. Set John of Oxford.

JONAH.

' I am the Jonah, the crew should cast me into the deep,

The Wreck. JONAH.

I had liefer that the fish had swallowed me, Like Jonah, than have known there were such devils.

Harold. JONAH'S GOURD.

In us true growth, in her a Jonah's gourd, Up .in one night and due to sudden sun : See Jonah iv. 6.

The Princess. JOSEPH.

of Arimathaea. The story is that after Joseph of Arimathaea had begged the body of Christ he followed Philip to Gaul as a preacher, and being sent across the Channel to carry the gospel into Britain landed with his boat at Glastonbury.

And finds himself descended from the Saint Arimathaean Joseph ; him who first Brought the great faith to Britain over seas ;

Arviragus, a heathen king at that time welcomed Joseph and gave him land upon which to build a church, and he erected a wattle church on the site of St. Mary's Chapel, Glastonbury, which is supposed to have been destroyed by fire about I I 80.

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[JUL

' From our old books I know That Joseph came of old to Glastonbury, And there the heathen Prince, Arviragus, Gave him an isle of marsh whereon to build ; And there he built with wattles from the

marsh A little lonely church in days of yore,

Joseph brought with him from the land of Aromat the Holy Grail, the cup in which he is said to have caught some of the blood of Christ, as He hung upon the cross

but now — the Quest,

This vision — hast thou seen the Holy Cup, That Joseph brought of old to Glastonbury ?

Upon landing he planted his pilgrim's staff into the ground, which took root and grew into a Holy Thorn, which miracul- ously blossomed every old Christ- mas eve until it was cut down by a puritan soldier who was wounded in the act. A graft of the thorn is however sup- posed to exist.

the good saint

Arimathasan Joseph, journeying brought To Glastonbury, where the winter thorn Blossoms at Christmas, mindful of our Lord.

He is the reputed founder of Glastonbury Abbey — which includes in the north transept the Chapel of St. Mary (other- wise known as St. Joseph's), and he is said to lie buried on a hill known as Chalice Hill.

Balin and Balan ; Holy Grail.

JOSHUA.

Than that earth should' stand at gaze like Joshua's moon in . Ajalon !

The successor of Moses as the leader of the Israelites. In the valley of Ajalon, the scene of a battle between the Israelites and five Canaanitish kings, he commanded the sun and the moon to stand still. Joshuax.i2. Lock shy Hall.

JOSHUA.

What fame ? I am not Raphael, Titian — no, Nor even a Sir Joshua, some will cry.

=Sir Joshua Reynolds, the English painter.

Romney's Remorse. JUDAH.

Not least art thou, thou little Bethlehem In Judah, for in thee the Lord was born : See Matthew ii.

Sir John Oldcastle, Lord Cob ham.

JUDITH. See Holofernes.

The Princess. JUDITH.

But your Judith — but your worldling — she had never driven me wild.]

Judith was the woman who had jilted the grandson of the speaker.

Locksley Hall Sixty Tears After. JULIAN.

Cousin and foster-brother of Camilla, for whom he conceived a silent love.

I did not speak : I could not speak my love. Love lieth deep : Love dwells not in lip- depths.

When Camilla told him of her love for his friend Lionel his heart was broken and he lived a life of solitude. Camilla married Lionel, but died within the year. She was buried in an open coffin in the family vault, where she was visited by Julian who embraced her in death.

He rose and went, and entering the dim vault, And, making there a sudden light, beheld All round about him that which aD will be. The light was but a flash, and went again. Then at the far end of the vault he saw His lady with the moonlight on her face ; Her breast as in a shadow-prison, bars Of black and bands of silver, which the moon Struck from an open grating overhead High in the wall, and all the rest of her Drown' d in the gloom and horror of the vault.

As he held her to him, he felt her pulse beat, she

JUL]

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[JUN

was alive ; and taking her into his arms carried her to her mother's house, where immedi- ately afterwards her child was born. Then Julian made a feast to which Lionel was in- vited. At the end of the feast, in accordance with a Persian custom which showed the guests the richest treasure of his host, he brought Camilla and the babe into the room. She was reunited to Lionel.

Then taking his dear lady by one hand, And bearing on one arm the noble babe, He slowly brought them both to Lionel. And there the widower husband and dead wife Rush'd each at each with a cry, that rather

seem'd For some new death than for a life renew'd ;

And Julian, magnanimous at the spectacle of their happiness, without bidding farewell, rushed from the scene :

' It is over : let us go ' — There were our horses ready at the doors — We bad them no farewell, but mounting these He past for ever from his native land ; And I with him, my Julian, back to mine.

JULIET.

Lover's Tale.

Gardener's Daughter.

JULIUS (the Third).

Pope of Rome from 1550 to 1555. As a cardinal he was one of the papal legates at the Council of Trent, and on being appointed pope sent cardinal Pole to England to arrange with Mary as to the best means of bringing the kingdom again in subjection to the papal see. Queen Mary.

JUMlfcGES. See Robert of Jumi6ges.

JUNO.

In Italian mythology the wife of Jupiter and queen of heaven. Her temple at Rome, which was in the Capitol close to Jupiter, was one of the most ancient and venerated. As queen of the heavens, she pre- sided over marriage, and parti- cularly patronised the most faithful and virtuous of the sex, and severely punished lewdness in matrons. She was the goddess of power and empire, and is represented sitting on a throne with a diadem on her head and a golden sceptre in her right hand. In another form of worship she is represented as clad in a mantle of goat-skin, bearing a shield and an up- lifted spear, and accompanied by a sacred serpent. In Greek mythology she was identified with Here. Paris (^.^.)> tne shepherd-prince of Troy, was appointed arbiter to decide which of the three goddesses (Juno, Pallas Athene and Venus) was the most beautiful, and to which should be awarded the golden apple, the prize of beauty. On appearing be- before Paris she made an attempt to bribe him, promising him sovereignty.

She to Paris made Proffer of royal power, ample rule Unquestion'd, overflowing revenue Wherewith to embellish state, ' from many

a vale And river-sunder'd champaign clothed with

corn,

Or labour'd mine undrainable of ore. * * *

Still she spake on and still she spake of power, ' Which in all action is the end of all ; Power fitted to the season ; wisdom-bred

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[KAT

And throned of wisdom — from all neighbour

crowns

Alliance and allegiance, till thy hand Fail from the sceptre-staff.'

Paris however decided in favour of Venus.

A Character ; The Cup.

JUPITER.

In Italian mythology the lord of heaven, identified with the Greek Zeus. His chief seat of worship was the Capitol at Rome, an earthenware image being enthroned in the temple, with a thunderbolt in his right hand. After existing for 400 years the temple was burnt down, but was rebuilt with increased magnificence in B.C. 83. It was again destroyed by fire A.D. 70, and scarcely had it been rebuilt by Ves- pasian when it was again burnt down A.D. 80 ; but in A.D. 82 Domitian erected a temple which stood as late as the ninth

century.

The Cup.

KALIFA.

Those cobras ever setting up their hoods — One Alia ! one Kalifa !

A title given to the successors of Mahomet.

Akbar's Dream.

KAPIOLANI.

'A great chieftainess who lived in the Sandwich islands at the beginning of the eigh- teenth century. She won the cause of Christianity by openly defying the priests of the terrible goddess Peele\ In spite of their threats of vengeance she ascended the volcano

Mauna-Loa, then clambered down over a bank of cinders 400 feet high to the great lake of fire (nine miles round) — Kilauea — the home and haunt of the goddess, and flung into the boiling lava the conse- crated berries which it was sacrilege for a woman to handle. Poet's Note.

Kapiolani. KARNAC.

Hong-Kong, Karnac, and all the rest.

=The temple of Karnac in To Ulysses.

KATE.

Friend of a little girl Alice, who is to be ' Queen of the May.' May Queen.

KATE.

A girl who according to the description given of her by the poet bears a very strong resem- blance to Shakespeare's Kate — the Shrew. She is described as woman-soldier.

My woman-soldier, gallant Kate, As pure and true as blades of steel.

Her lover expresses a wish that he were an armed and far- famed knight. Then he thinks that Kate would accept his love :

Kate loves well the bold and fierce ; But none are bold enough for Kate, She cannot find a fitting mate.

Kate. KATE.

An attendant on MaidMarian.

The Foresters. KATEKIN.

Little John . I have lodged my pretty Kate- kin in her bower.

The Foresters.

KAT]

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[KIL

KATIE WILLOWS.

Daughter and only child of Philip Willows, and born and bred amid country surroundings.

A daughter of our meadows, yet not coarse, Straight, but as lissome as a hazel wand ; Her eyes a bashful azure, and her hair In gloss and hue the chestnut,

She was betrothed to James Willows, her cousin, with whom she quarrelled. James was supposed to be jealous of a certain Lawrence Aylmer, who afterwards engaged the attention of Katie's father in conversation concerning the farm, so that she and James had an opportunity of making up their quarrel. Lawrence related how at the conclusion of his conversation with Philip, he

found the sun of sweet content Re-risen in Katie's eyes, and all things well.

The Brook. KATTY'S.

The name of the proprietor of a grog-shop.

Tomorrow. KAY.

A Knight of the Round Table ; son of sir Ector and foster-brother of king Arthur. He was a rude and boastful knight, and delighted in giving nicknames. He called sir Brewnor the ( Shocking Bad Coat ' and sir Gareth he nick- named * Beaumains ' on account of his large hands.

Gareth and Lynette ; Last Tournament.

KEMBLE.

John Mitchel Kemble, Anglo- Saxon scholar ; son of Charles

Kemble. Editor of writings of the Anglo-Saxon period, his chief works being Codex Diplo- maticus aevi Saxonici and The Saxons in England. Made the acquaintance of Tennyson whilst at Cambridge and soon after- wards the poet visited him in London.

To W. C. Macready.

KENDAL CHURCH.

Have I not met you somewhere long ago ?

I am all but sure I have — in Kendal church —

O yes!

Kendal is a town in Westmor- land.

Romney's Remorse. KENT.

E dwinM orris ; A Welcome to- Her Royal Highness Marie Alexandrovna, Duchess of Edinburgh ; Queen Mary ; Becket.

KESTREL.

A small species of falcon allied to the sparrow-hawk.

Boddicea. KHAN.

A title of a Tartar sovereign or prince.

Columbus.

KILAUEA.

A lake of fire (nine miles round) in the island of Hawaii y the home of the goddess Peele, It was into this lake that Kapiolani, the chieftainess of the Sandwich islands, defied the goddess by descending and flinging into the boiling lava the consecrated berries which it was sacrilege for a woman to handle. Kapiolani.

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[LAB

KINGCUP.

=The common buttercup. Queen Mary ; A Dirge ; City Child; Last Tourna- ment ; Progress of Spring.

KINGSTON.

Wyntt. Be happy, I am your friend. To Kingston, forward !

= Kingston-upon-Thames . Queen Mary.

KINGSTON BRIDGE.

we must round By Kingston Bridge.

A bridge over the river Thames.

Queen Mary. KITE.

A rapacious bird of the hawk kind.

Boddicea ; Promise of May ; Harold.

KITTEN.

A young cat.

Merlin and Vivien.

KNUT

Or Athelstan, or English Ironside Who fought with Knut, or Knut who coming

Dane Died English.

King of Denmark, Norway and England. After succeed- ing his father as king of Den- mark he landed in England and was chosen king at Southampton. Edmund Ironside who had been elected king in 1016 on the death of Edward the Confessor however opposed him so bravely that an agreement was entered into at Olney, an island in the Severn, by which the kingdom was divided, but Edmund being assassinated a few weeks after- wards Knut obtained the whole of the kingdom. A famous

story is told of him that seated in a chair on the seashore at Southampton he rebuked his flattering courtiers by showing to them how regardless the waves were of his kingly power,, and bade them to remember that the Great Being only was the One whom the waters and winds obeyed. In 1027 he made a pilgrimage to Rome and founded the monasteries of St, Bennet at Holme, and St. Edmund's Bury. He died at Shaftesbury and was buried in Winchester Cathedral. Knuts- ford (' Canute's ford ') a town in Cheshire is supposed to have derived its name from this

king (995-1035).

Harold.

KNYVETT. See Antony, Antony Knyvett.

KORAN.

The Mohammedan bible.

Akbar's Dream.

KRAKEN.

Far, far beneath in the abysmal sea, His ancient, dreamless, uninvaded sleep The Kraken sleepeth :

A fabulous sea-monster, sup- posed to have been seen in the Norwegian seas.

The Kraken.

KYPRIS.

Ay, and this Kypris also —

= Venus.

Lucretius.

LABURNUM.

A small tree with beautiful flowers, a native of the Alps. In Memoriam.

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[LAD

LACTANTIUS.

Some cited Old Lactantius : could it be That trees grew downward, rain fell upward,

men Walk'd like the fly on ceilings ?

A Christian apologist in the fourteenth century.

Columbus.

LADY-FERN.

A pretty British fern.

Balin and Balan.

LADY OF SHALOTT.

A beautiful lady who dwelt in a castle on the island of Shalott.

ON either side the river lie Long fields of barley and of rye, That clothe the wold and meet the sky; And thro' the field the road runs by

To many-tower'd Camelot ; And up and down the people go, Gazing where the lilies blow Round an island there below,

The island of Shalott.

In this castle she sat and sang, and wove a web of beau- tiful silk embroidery in many colours. In front of her hung a large mirror, through the medium of which she viewed the outside world, as a curse would fall upon her if she looked through the window.

THERE she weaves by night and day A magic web with colours gay. She has heard a whisper say, A curse is on her if she stay

To look down to Camelot. She knows not what the curse may be And so she weaveth steadily, And little other care hath she,

The Lady of Shalott.

One night a bride and bride- groom passed down the wind- ing road to Camelot, and as they strolled along the road in the moonlight, and she saw the happiness that shone in their eyes, a longing sprang into her heart, and she cried out in a passionate voice : ' I .am half sick of shadows.'

Or when the moon was overheard, Came two young lovers lately wed ; ' I am half sick of shadows,' said The Lady of Shalott.

Eventually on the path lead- ing to Camelot came a figure of a knight. It was sir Lance- lot, one of the Knights of the Table Round. On his shield was the figure of a red-cross knight kneeling to a fair lady.

A BOW-SHOT from her bower-eaves, He rode between the barley-sheaves, The sun came dazzling thro' the leaves, And flamed upon the brazen greaves

Of bold Sir Lancelot. A red-cross knight for ever kneel'd To a lady in his shield, That sparkled on the yellow field,

Beside remote Shalott.

As sir Lancelot approached the magic island, singing ' Tirra lirra,' his reflection fell on the magic mirror, and the lady who could no longer resist the temptation, leaned upon the sill of the window, and looked down to Camelot.

Immediately she did so, she heard a fearful crash, and look- ing behind her saw the magic mirror was cracked from side to side. ' Alas, for my disobedi- ence ! ' she exclaimed, ' the mirror is broken. The web has gone ! The curse is upon me ! Where shall I go, or what shall I do ? '

She left the web, she left the loom, She made three paces thro' the room, She saw the water-lily bloom, She saw the helmet and the plume,

She look'd down to Camelot. Out flew the web and floated wide; The mirror crack'd from side to side; ' The curse is come upon me,' cried

The Lady of Shalott.

Coming to herself she noticed how differently everything around her had become, and leaving the castle, proceeded to the river where she found a

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[LAM

boat beneath, the willows, on whose prow she wrote in clear letters : — The Lady of Shalott.

Down she came and found a boat Beneath a willow left afloat, And round about the prow she wrote The Lady of Shalott.

Stepping into the boat, she gazed for a moment on Game- lot, and knew her end was near.

And down the river's dim expanse Like some bold seer in a trance, Seeing all his own mischance — With a glassy countenance Did she look to Camelot.

Lying down in the boat she crossed her hands upon her breast, and singing a beautiful song, allowed the boat to drift down the stream to Camelot.

And at the closing of the day

She loosed the chain, and down she lay ;

The broad stream bore her far away,

The Lady of Shalott. Lying, robed in snowy white That loosely flew to left and right — The leaves upon her falling light — Thro' the noises of the night

She floated down to Camelot : And as the boat-head wound along The willowy hills and fields among, They heard her singing her last song,

The Lady of Shalott.

As the boat approached the city of Camelot no song was heard, and the curiosity of the people being aroused at the boat gliding along by itself they drew it ashore, only to find in it the dead body of the princess. As sir Lancelot drew near and beheld the beautiful form of the lady he exclaimed : — * How peaceful and lovely a face ! God grant mercy to her and to us too, that we also may lead pure and noble lives.'

But Lancelot mused a little space ; He said, ' She has a lovely face ; God in his mercy lend her grace, The Lady of Shalott.'

Lady of Shalott.

LADY OF THE LAKE.

A mysterious personage She

gave to king Arthur the sword Excalibur, in recompense for which she asked for the head of Balin (q.v.) because he had slain her brother, but the king refused the request. * Ye would have my head,' said Balin,. ' therefore ye shall lose thine own,' and smote off her head in the presence of king Arthur. She was denoted by the sacred fish on her breast.

Morte d* Arthur ; Gareth and Lynette ; Lancelot and Elaine ; Passing of Arthur.

LAIS.

Becket. Where, my liege ? With Phryne, Or Lais, or thy Rosamund, or another ?

Henry. My Rosamund is no Lais , Thomas Becket;

The name of two Greek cour- tesans of extraordinary beauty. One is said to have been born in Corinth and flourished during the Peloponnesian war. The other was a native of Sicily, but went to Corinth when a child and is said to have been stoned to death by the Thessalian women out of jealousy.

Becket.

LAMB.

=The Saviour of the World.. St. Agnes'' Eve ; 'Columbus.

LAMBERT.

and there was Lambert Who can foresee himself ?

John Lambert ; became a convert to protestantism ; chap- lain to the English factory at Antwerp ; imprisoned 1532, but released on the death of arch- bishop Wareham in the same year ; condemned and burnt

LAM]

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[LAN

to death for denying the doc- trine of transubstantiation. Queen Mary.

LAMBETH. LAMBETH PALACE.

A London municipal and par- liamentary Borough. The Palace is the official residence of the Archbishop of Canterbury.

Queen Mary. XAMECH.

An old song vexes my ear ; But that of Lamech is mine.

See Genesis iv. 23.

Maud. LAMMAS.

Nay — and she will not marry till Richard

come, And that's at latter Lammas — never perhaps.

= The Greek Kalends, never.

The Foresters. LANCASTER.

And York's white rose as red as Lancaster's,

= Wars of the Roses between the houses of York and Lan- caster.

Aylmer's Field. iANCELOT.

The son of king Ban and Helen, and the father of sir Galahad, the chastest of the 150 knights, who was allotted the ' Siege Perilous.' He was stolen in infancy by Vivian, the Lady of the Lake, who threw him into the water, in conse- quence of which he was called sir Launcelot du Lake. He was the bravest of all the knights .and was honoured by king Arthur more than all the rest

Then Arthur charged his warrior whom he

loved >• And honour'd most, Sir! Lancelot, to ride

forth Andibring the Queen ;—

He fell in love with Guine- vere (q.v.)9 who ordered him to slay the knights who kept the door, but sir Modred escaping informed king Arthur, who condemned Guinevere on ac- count of her unfaithfulness to be burnt, but when at the stake she was rescued by Lancelot. In consequence of this guilty passion for the queen he was commanded to avoid the court, and as king Arthur refused to be reconciled to him he left the realm and retired to Ben- wick. Going one day to joust at Astolat he left his blazoned shield in charge of Elaine (^.^.)> the fair maid of Astolat. Being wounded in the encounter, he was carefully nursed by Elaine. Upon being restored to health he claimed his shield and bid the damsel good-bye, where- upon she confessed her love for him ; but being told that his love was another's, pined away and died.

When the news of the c last weird battle in the west,' in which king Arthur received his mortal wound, reached Lancelot, he made haste to see his noble master to seek his pardon for the injury he had done him. Upon his arrival he found the king had passed away, and kneeling down on the earth wept and prayed heartily for his soul. Going in search of Guinevere he found the queen in a nunnery at Almesbury (?.*>.)> and after taking farewell

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of her withdrew into solitude, and for six years led a life of prayer and fasting. In a vision he was told that Guinevere was no more, and hastening to Almesbury found the news too true. With reverence and out of love and gratitude for Arthur he took the body of the queen and laid it by the side of king Arthur in Glastonbury Abbey, after which he again withdrew to his lonely cell ; and some weeks later the spirit of this bold warrior passed away and he was buried in Joyous Guard. Lady of Shalott ; Gareth and Lynette ; Coming of Arthur ; Marriage of Ger- aint ; Balin and Balan ; Merlin and Vivien; Lance- lot and Elaine ; Holy Grail ; Pelleas and Ettarre ; Last Tournament ; Guinevere.

LANDBIRD.

at length The landbird, and the branch with berries

on it, The carven staff

A reference of the nearness of land which Columbus sighted on October n, 1492.

Columbus.

LANE (Miriam). See Miriam,

Miriam Lane.

LAPIDOTH.

there on the roofs Like that great dame of Lapidoth she sang.

Has reference to the Hebrew prophetess Deborah, wife of Lapidoth. She joined Barak in a campaign to deliver Israel from the tyranny of Jabin, king of Canaan, and utterly de-

feated the Canaanites under Sisera near the brook Kishon. After the victory Deborah and Barak sang a song of triumph known as the song of Deborah. See Judges iv. and v.

The Princess.

LAPWING.

A bird of the plover family called also peewit.

Locksley Hall ; Queen Mary.

LAR ANDLUCUMO.

Appraised the Lycian custom, spoke of those That lay at wine with Lar and Lucumo ;

Two titles of honour borne respectively by priests and nobles among the inhabitants of Etruria, an ancient country in central Italy.

The Princess.

LARCH.

A genus of coniferous trees, distinct from firs, with erect and regularly tapering stem, and small branches.

In Memoriam ; Maud.

LARIANO.

Name of the vessel which conveyed the poet and his wife while spending a holiday in Italy, to the various Italian ports.

As on the Lariano crept

To that fair port below the castle Of Queen Theodolind, where we slept;

The Daisy.

LARI MAXUME.

The rich Virgilian rustic measure Of Lari Maxume, all the way,

= ' O great Larius ' i.e. * O great Lake of Como.'

The Daisy.

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[LA If

LARK.

A well-known singing bird of the genus Alauda.

Rosalind ; Gardener's

Daughter ; Audley Court ; Talking Oak ; Day Dream; Poet's Song ; The Princess; The Window; In Me- moriam ; Gareth and Lyn- ette ; Lancelot and Elaine ; Holy Grail ; Lover's Tale ; First Quarrel ; Northern Cobbler ; Voyage of Mael- dune ; Ancient Sage ; The Flight ; Tomorrow ; Pro- gress of Spring ; Queen Mary ; Harold ; The Cup ; The Falcon ; Promise of May ; The Foresters.

LATANGOR.

The King Brandagoras of Latangor, With Anguisant of Erin, Morganore, And Lot of Orkney.

Coming of Arthur.

LATERAN.

A celebrated church in Rome, so called from its occupying the site of the palace of the Laterani family ; and which was until 1308 the residence of the popes of Rome. No fewer than five (Ecumenical councils have met within its walls.

Harold; Becket.

LATIMER.

Bishop of Worcester, son of a Leicestershire yeoman. At the beginning of the Reforma- tion was an earnest advocate of popery, but eventually be- came a convert to the reformed faith. Received permission to preach throughout England,

and his fame reaching Henry VIII he was commanded to preach before that monarch,, who conferred upon him the bishopric of Worcester in 1535^ which See he resigned in 1539 because he could not support the Act of the Six Articles. Twice under Henry VIII he was committed to the Tower,, but was released on the acces- sion of Edward VI, who would have restored him to his diocese but he refused ; assisted Cran- mer in framing the Homilies and in completing the work of the Reformation. In 1555, upon the accession of Mary, he was again committed to the Tower, whence he was with Cranmer sent to Oxford to defend his views before a Com- mission, and being found guilty of heresy was condemned — and with bishop Ridley (q.v) burnt to death opposite Balliol College, Oxford, 1555. After commending his soul to God he turned to his companion and exclaimed, * Be of good cheer, Master Ridley, and play the man ; we shall this day light such a candle in England,, which by God's grace will never be put out.'

Queen Mary.

LAUDAMUS.

And then the great ' Laudamus ' rose to- heaven.

The Te Deum Laudamus. A hymn which forms part of the morning service in the English Church. The authorship is

LAU]

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[LAZ

unknown, though tradition as- cribes it to St. Ambrose.

Columbus.

LAUNCELOT. See Lancelot. LAURENCE.

Not thrice your branching limes have blown Since I beheld young Laurence dead.

A former lover of lady Clara Vere de Vere, whom she first loved, and afterwards rejected. His grief at her conduct pro- bably hastened his death.

Lady Clara Vere de Vere.

LAVAINE.

A Knight of the Round Table, brother of Elaine, and son of sir Bernard, baron of Astolat. Displayed great bravery in battle on behalf of King Arthur ; and afterwards departed to Brittany with Lancelot who created him earl of Arminak. Lancelot and Elaine.

LAWRENCE. See St. Lawrence. LAWRENCE.

Voice of the dead whom we loved, our Lawrence the best of the brave :

Sir Henry Lawrence, briga- dier-general, and chief com- missioner in Oudh. At the outbreak of the Indian Mutiny he was appointed in command of the troops in Oudh, and was killed while holding Lucknow against the mutineers. His death was a blow to the little garrison, but they held out until relieved by sir Colin Campbell. Defence of Lucknow.

LAWRENCE AYLMER.

Lawrence and Edmund Ayl-

mer were brothers. Edmund on account of ill health left for Italy where he died. The brothers parted by a certain, brook known to both since child- hood. Near the brook Law- rence met Katie Willows, a farmer's only child. She had quarrelled with her lover James Willows. Lawrence asked who had angered James and found out from Katie's manner that he himself was the cause of some little jealousy. He how- ever succeeded in putting an end to the quarrel, by engagii g her father in conversation, while Katie and her lover met.

The Brook. LAZARUS.

When Lazarus left his charnel-cave, And home to Mary's house return'd, Was this demanded — if he yearn'd

To hear her weeping by his grave ?

Has reference to the raising from the dead of Lazarus, brother of Martha and Mary. John xi.

In Memoriam.

LAZARUS.

When Dives loathed the times, and paced his land

In fear of worse, And sanguine Lazarus felt a vacant and

Fill with his purse.

Has reference to the beggar in the parable of the rich man and Lazarus. Luke xvi. 19-31. To Mary Boyle.

LAZARUS (Saint).

By St. Lazarus, no ! I am confounded by thee. Go in peace.

Brother of Martha and Mary, and reputed first bishop of Mar- seilles.

Becket.

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[LEN

LEA (Sir Richard). See Richard, Richard Lea, Richard of the Lea.

LEA (Walter). See Walter,

Walter Lea.

LEAR.

A legendary British king, hero of one of Shakespeare's tragedies. In his old age he divided his kingdom between two of his elder daughters, on condition that each should alternately, month by month, provide him with a home. They however showed him very scant hospi- tality, whereupon the youngest daughter Cordelia — who had been disinherited, and who had married the king of France, raised an army in order to de- throne her sisters, but was de- feated and put in prison where she died. The elder sister then murdered her younger sister from jealousy, after which she committed suicide herself. Promise of May.

LEBANON.

O, art thou sighing for Lebanon

In the long breeze that streams to thy delicious

East, Sighing for Lebanon,

The lofty mountain-range in the southern part of Syria.

Maud.

LEBANONIAN CEDAR.

' Madam, he the wisesfman Feasted the woman wisest then, in^ halls Of Lebanonian cedar :

A mountain range in Pales- tine. Originally the mountains were covered with trees, but are now almost bare, only a

few of the famous cedars re- maining.

The Princess.

LEE (Annie). See Enoch, Enoch Arden.

LEGEND OF GOOD WOMEN.

I READ, before my eyelids dropt their shade, The Legend of Good Women, long ago

Sung by the morning star of song, who made His music heard below ;

A poem by Chaucer, con- sisting of nine legends and a prologue, celebrating the faith- fulness of the brides of ancient song : Cleopatra, Thisbe, Dido, Hypsipyle and Medea, Lucrece, Ariadne, Philomela, Phillis, and Hypermnestra.

Dream of Fair Women.

LEICESTER.

The Duke hath gone to Leicester ; Carew stirs In Devon :

The capital of Leicestershire. Queen Mary.

LEICESTER (Lord).

Robert de Beaumont, first earl of Leicester. Was present at the council of Northampton, 1164.

Becket. LENNOX (Lady).

Courtenay. — made you follow

The Lady Suffolk and the Lady Lennox ?— You, The heir presumptive.

Lady Margaret Douglas, niece of Henry VIII, who in 1544 married Matthew Stew- art, earl of Lennox ; planned marriage between her son lord Darnley and Mary queen of Scots ; imprisoned for treason- able intentions by Elizabeth in 1562 ; released, but again im- prisoned in 1565 ; released im-

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LEO

mediately after the murder of Darnley, and at the court of Elizabeth denounced Mary queen of Scots for the crime. Her ambition was realized in 1567 by the accession of her grandson, James VI, to the throne of England. She died in 1578.

Queen Mary.

LENT-LILY.

= the daffodil, as flowering in Lent.

Gareth and Lynette ; Pro- gress of Spring.

LEODOGRAN.

King of Cameliard, and father of Guinevere. King Arthur rescued him from king Rience of North Wales. Uther gave him the famous Round Table which would seat 150 knights, and when king Arthur married Guinevere, Leodogran gave him the table with 100 knights as a wedding gift.

Coming of Arthur.

LEOFRIC.

Abbot Alfwig,

Leofric, and all the monks of Peterboro' Strike for the king;

A nephew of earl Leofric, and abbot of Peterborough 1053-66. Was present at the battle of Senlac.

Harold. LEOFWIN.

Son of earl Godwin ; accom- panied his father in exile in 1051, and returned with him and was made earl of the present counties of Kent, Surrey, Essex

and Middlesex. Accompanied his brother Harold to the battle of Stamford-bridge in 1066, and in the same year fought at Senlac where he was slain. Harold.

LEOLIN.

A barrister, brother of Averill the rector of the parish in which Aylmer's hall was situated ; he was in love with Edith, daughter and heiress of sir Aylmer and lady Aylmer (q.v!). Aylmer's Field.

LEONARD.

A poet who was spending a holiday in Llanberis, but was sought out by his friends. His morning had been spent in writing lines concerning a Gol- den Age that was to be brought about by the peaceful growth of commerce binding the nations together. He said that in the Golden Year wealth will be more equally distributed, but men will not all be reduced, as in socialistic schemes, to one dead level.

Golden Tear.

LEONARD.

Son of Edith and of the boy lover in Locksley Hall. He was drowned at sea when quite a young man. The speaker, talking to his grandson, says :

Gone our sailor son thy father, Leonard early

lost at sea ; Thou alone, my boy, of Amy's kin and mine

art left to me.

Locksley Hall Sixty Tears After.

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[LIL

LEOPARD.

A rapacious quadruped of the cat tribe, a native of Southern Asia and Africa.

The Princess. LETTY. LETTY HILL.

Millionaire's daughter, who fell in love with a visitor to the lake, but on being found in his company was forced by trustees and aunts and uncles to forsake him and marry Sir Robert (q.v.).

Edwin Morris. LEVERET.

A hare in its first year.

Audley Court. LEWES.

Were those your sires who fought at Lewes ?

Battle of Lewes, 1264, be- tween Henry III and the barons under Simon de Mont- fort.

Third of February. LIBYAN.

' We drank the Libyan Sun to sleep, and lit Lamps which out-burn'd Canopus. O my

life In Egypt !

A district in north Africa. Dream of Fair Women. LIGHT BRIGADE.

Consisted of the I3th Light Dragoons, the I7th Lancers, the nth Hussars, the 4th Light Dragoons, and the 8th Hussars commanded by lord Cardigan, who made the famous charge at the battle of Balaclava, October 25, 1854.

Charge of the Light Brigade.

LILAC.

A shrub bearing flowers of a delicate purple tint.

On a Mourner ; The Princess.

LILIA.

One of the young ladies engaged at the college founded by princess Ida, and supposed to be chaperoned by a certain aunt Elizabeth. A very lively sort of person. At the time of speaking, Lilia with others was spending a day at the house of sir Walter Vivian, and during the afternoon aunt Elizabeth was slightly offended at the frivolous behaviour of Lilia and a certain Walter.

The Princess.

LILIAN.

The subject of a short poem written in praise of her. She is described by the poet as resem- bling a fairy with her vivacious manner :

Airy, fairy Lilian

Flitting

ury Lii

, fairy

Lilian,

Lilian.

LILY.

A genus of plants of many species, producing flowers of beauty and variety of colour. Supposed Confessions of a Second-rate Sensitive Mind ; Ode to Memory ; Adeline ; Lady of Shalott ; CEnone ; Gardener's Daughter ; Sir Galahad ; Lady Clare ; To E.L.; The Princess ; City Child ; In Memoriam ; Maud ; Geraint and Enid ; Balin and Balan ; Lancelot and Elaine ; Voyage of Maeldune ; Ancient Sage ; Queen Mary ; Harold ; Becket ; Promise of May ; The Foresters.

LIL]

197

[LIT

LILY MAID OF ASTOLAT.

ELAINE the fair, Elaine the loveable, Elaine, the lily maid of Astolat, High in her chamber up a tower to the east Guarded the sacred shield of Lancelot ;

= Elaine (q.v.).

Lancelot and Elaine.

LIME.

The linden tree.

Margaret ; Lady Clare de Fere ; On a Mourner ; Gardener's Daughter ; Talk- ing Oak ; The Princess ; In Memoriam ; Maud ; To Ulysses.

LIMOURS.

= Doorm (q.v.).

Marriage of Geraint ; Geraint and Enid.

LINNET.

A singing bird of the finch family.

Sir Launcelot and Queen Guinevere ; The Princess ; Minnie and Winnie ; The Window ; In Memoriam ; Gareth and Lynette ; Guine- vere ; Lover' s Tale ; Pro- gress of Spring.

LINTWHITE.

= Linnet.

Claribel.

LION.

A fierce quadruped of the

genus ftlis found in southern

Asia and in many parts of Africa.

Lady Ciare de Vere ; Dream

of Fair Women ; Locksley

Hall ; Aylmer's Field ;

The Princess ; The Daisy ;

Maud ; Gareth and Lynette ;

Balin and Balan ; Lancelot and Elaine ; Holy Grail ; The Revenge ; Tiresias ; Locksley Hall Sixty Tears After ; St. Telemachus ; The Foresters ; Queen Mary ; Harold; Becket ; The Cup.

LIONEL. See Julian.

LIONESS.

A female lion.

The Princess ; Demeter and Persephone ; The Foresters.

LISBON.

The capital of Portugal. Ode on the death of the Duke of Wellington.

LITTLECHESTER.

Promise of May.

LITTLE JOHN.

Robin Hood's lieutenant. His name is supposed to have been John Little, but standing over seven feet in height, his com- panion Will Stutely in merry mood reversed the names.

O, here is my hand, the stranger reply'd, I'll serve you with all my whole heart ;

My name is John Little, a man of good mettle ; Ne're doubt me, for I'll play my part.

He was, I must tell you, but seven foot high. And, may be, an ell in the waste;

* * *

Brave Stutely came then, with seven yeomen,

And did in this manner proceed : This infant was called John Little, quoth he ;

Which name shall be changed anon : The words we'll transpose ; so wherever he

goes, His name shall be call'd Little John.

Ritson : Robin Hood, Vol. II.

He lies buried in the church- yard of Hathersage in Derby- shire, the grave being over seven feet in length. His ( goode stout bowe of best yew tree '

LIZ]

198

[LOK

is preserved at Cannon hall, near Barnsley.

The Foresters. LIZARD.

A family of four-footed reptiles.

(Enone ; Enoch Arden.

LIZARD-POINT.

May never saw dismember thee,

Nor wielded axe disjoint, Thou art the fairest-spoken tree

From here to Lizard- point.

Headland on the south coast of Cornwall.

Talking Oak. LLANBERIS.

we that day had been

Up Snowdon ; and I wish'd for Leonard there, And found him in Llanberis :

A small town at the foot of mount Snowdon.

Golden Tear. LLANBERRIS.

Yet once when first I came on Lake Llanberris in the dark, A moonless night with storm —

Sisters (Evelyn and Edith).

LOCKSLEY.

Locksley Hall Sixty Tears After. LOCKSLEY HALL.

An imaginary place.

Locksley Hall ; Locksley Hall Sixty Tears After.

LOCKSLEY SHIELD.

Locksley Hall Sixty Tears After. LOCKSLEY TOWER.

Locksley Hall Sixty Tears After. LODI.

A town in Lombard/, famous for the victory of Buonaparte over the Austrians, 1796.

The Daisy.

LOMBARDY.

Queen Mary. LONDON (City of).

Edwin Morris ; Locksley Hall ; Ode on the death of the Duke of Wellington ;. Boddicea ; Maud ; To the~ Queen, II ; Locksley Hall Sixty Tears After; The Dawn ; Queen Mary / Harold ; Becket ; Promise of May ; The Foresters ; To E. Fitzgerald.

LONDON (Bishop of).

Becket. LONDON BRIDGE.

The first bridge is said to have been built by the Romans. In 1008 it was broken down in the fighting which took place between Ethelred and the Danes who had gained posses- sion of the city of London. This incident is the subject of a Scandinavian poem

London Bridge is broken down — Gold is won and bright renown.

Shields resounding,

War-horns sounding, Hildur shouting in the din !

Arrows singing,

Mail- coats ringing — Odin makes our Olaf win ! '

Under William Rufus the bridge was repaired, but during the Kentish rising in 1471 it was attacked by the Kentish men under the leadership of Thomas Fauconberg. During the last 700 years it has been destroyed and rebuilt on several occasions ; the present struc- ture dating from 1831.

There is an old song entitled London Bridge, the authorship

LOT]

199

[LOU

of which is unknown. Several versions of this song are given. Rodwell's version in his Old London Bridge commences : —

London Bridge is broken down ;

Dance o'er, Lady Lea. London Bridge is broken down

With a gay La-dee.

while John o' London's trans- lation in his London Stories is :

London Bridge is broken down ;

Dance over, my Lady Lee. London Bridge is broken down

With a gay Ladye.

A later version is as follows : —

London Bridge is broken down ;

Dance over my Lady Lee. Old King Lud he built it first, Built it firm of posts and planks ; Julius Caesar built it next ; Cassar marched through London Town, When Duke Brutus killed him dead. Good St. Olave dinged it down ; So he saved us from the foe ; So we built his holy shrine. Norman William built it up, Built it strong of wood and iron ; He was crowned in London Town. London Bridge is broken down ; Who will build it up again ? We must build it up again. How shall we build it up again ?

Queen Mary.

LOT.

King of Orkney, married Bellicent, daughter of Gorlois, lord of Tintagel Castle, Corn- wall. Father of sir Gawain and sir Modred. Made war on king Arthur on several occasions, notably that of the great battle of the kings. Allied himself with Nero, brother of King Rience of North Wales against Arthur and in the battle which ensued was slain by Pellinore. In Geoffrey of Monmouth he is called king of Norway.

Coming of Arthur ; Gareth and Lynette ; Balin and Balan ; Lancelot and Elaine.

LOTOS— LOTUS

A low thorny shrub, a native of Northern Africa, fabled by the ancients to make strangers who ate of it to forget their native country, or lose all desire to return to it.

(Enone ; Lotos-Eaters ; Akbar's Dream.

LOTOS-EATERS.

And round about the keel with faces pale, Dark faces pale against that rosy flame, The mild-eyed melancholy Lotos-eaters came,

A race of people who lived in Cyrenaica, a district on the north and north-east coast of Africa (Tripoli and Tunis), who lived on the fruit of the lotos tree.

Lotos-Eaters. LOTOS-LAND.

In the hollow Lotos-land to live and lie re- clined

On the hills like Gods together, careless of mankind.

The north and north-east coast of Africa.

Lotos-Eaters. LOT'S WIFE.

see how you stand

Stiff as Lot's wife,

See Genesis xix. 26.

The Princess.

LOTUS. See Lotos.

LOUIS.

LOUIS OF FRANCE.

Son of Louis VI, whom he succeeded in 1137. Engaged in a crusade but was defeated by Saladin. Having divorced his wife Eleanor, she married Henry II of England by which the provinces of Poitou and Guienne were annexed to the English crown. This produced war between England and France

LOV]

200

[LUD

which lasted twenty-one years (1120-1180).

Becket.

LOVER'S BAY.

LOVER'S LEAP.

Lover's Tale.

Lover's Tale.

LUC1LIA. See Lucretius.

LUCIUS JUNIUS BRUTUS.

Son of Junius and Tarquinia, sister of Superbus. When Tar- quin put his brother to death Brutus pretended to be an idiot, hence his name, meaning * stupid.' When the public indignation was aroused on account of the foul outrage on Lucretia by Tarquin's son, he raised a revolt and expelled the tyrant from Rome. In 509 he became the first consul of Rome and sentenced to death his two sons found guilty of conspiring to restore the mon- archy and in the same year was killed in an attack led on by Aruns, son of Tarquin. The Princess. LUCKNOW.

City in British India, and capital of the district of Luck- now and of the old province of Oudh. During the Indian Mutiny it underwent a siege of six months at the hands of the mutineers. It was relieved by sir Colin Campbell.

Defence of Lucknow.

LUCRETIUS.

LUCILIA, wedded to Lucretius, found Her master cold ;

The poem portrays the rav- ings of the maddened Lucre- tius. His wife, Lucilia, not being satisfied with her hus- band's conduct towards her, mixed a love-philtre and min- gled it with his drink. At one moment he cursed, and the next revelled in, the animal passion.

— how the sun delights

To glance and shift about her slippery sides, And rosy knees and supple roundedness, And budded bosom-peaks —

He raved against love and the gods, and lashing himself into a frenzy committed suicide.

Lucretius. LUCULLUS.

that Lucullus or Apicus might have sniffed it in their Hades of heathenism,

A Roman general and epicure, who distinguished himself in the war against Mithridates, and who was celebrated for the luxurious life he lived at Rome. For placing before him one day a less sumptuous feast than usual he reprimanded his servant, remarking :

' Are you aware, sirrah, that Lucullus dines

with Lucullus to-day ?

Becket.

LUCUMO. See Lar.

LUCY.

Daughter of the village squire. She was supposed to have an ungainly deportment.

An* Lucy wur laame o' one leg, sweet-'arts

she niver 'ed none — Straange an' unheppen Miss Lucy ! we naamed

her ' Dot an* gaw one ! '

Village Wife.

LUDGATE.

A famous London gateway supposed to have been built by

:LUN]

2OI

[LYN

Lud, king of the Britons, who lies buried beneath the gate. Queen Mary.

LUNNON (London).

Northern Farmer, Old Style ; Promise of May.

LURE.

Yet while they rode together down the plain, Their talk was all of training, terms of art, Diet and seeling, jesses, leash and lure.

A decoy, used in falconry for training the hawk.

Merlin and Vivien.

LUSCOMBE.

A farm labourer.

Promise of May.

LUSITANIAN.

But such whose father-grape grew fat On Lusitanian summers.

= Lusitania, the ancient name for Portugal.

Will Waterproofs Lyrical Monologue.

1UTHER.

The ghosts of Luther and Zuinglius fade Into the deathless hell which is their doom Before my star !

Has reference to Martin Lu- ther, the protestant reformer.

To J. M. K. ; Queen Mary. XUTTERWORTH.

Not least art thou, thou little Bethlehem In Judah, for in thee the Lord was born ; Nor thou in Britain, little Lutterworth, Least, for in thee the word was born again.

A town in Leicestershire, the church of which John Wycliffe was Rector from 1374 ^ ms death in 1384. He was buried there, but in 1428 his remains were exhumed and burned, and the ashes cast into the river .Swift that flows through Lutter- worth on its course to the Avon.

' the little river conveyed Wyclifl's remains into the Avon, Avon into the Severn, Severn into the narrow seas, they to the main ocean. And thus the ashes of Wyclifl e are the emblem of his doctrine, which now is dispersed all the world over.'

Thomas Fuller.

Sir John Oldcastle, Lord Cobham.

LYCIAN CUSTOM.

Appraised the Lycian custom, spoke o those That lay at wine with Lar and Lucumo :

The * custom ' referred to here is that the Lycians, in- habitants of the country of Lycia in Asia Minor took their names from their mothers and not their fathers, and always reckoned their ancestry in the female line.

The Princess.

LYDIAN CARPETS.

Lay down the Lydian carpets for the king.

Lydia was a country of Asia Minor and as early as 700 B.C. was a powerful empire and a centre of religion and culture. It was noted for its music, its purple dyes, and the weaving of carpets in colours and patterns. The Cup.

LYDIAN LAUGHTER.

as we wander 'd to and "fro Gazing at the Lydian laughter of the Garda

Lake below Sweet Catullus's all-but-island,

= Soft, melodious, as the ancient Greek mode of music known as Lydian.

Prater Ave Atque Vale.

LYNETTE.

Sister to the lady Lyonors. She was a high-spirited girl and exceedingly proud, a fact of which she was reminded by the peacock in his pride that ladies

LYN]

202

[MAD'

should be of a loving and gentle disposition.

And there they placed a peacock in his pride Beside the damsel, and the Baron set Gareth beside her, but at once she rose.

Lynette went to king Arthur to ask for a knight to deliver her sister Lyonors (q.v!) from the tyranny of four knights who held her prisoner in Castle Perilous.

Gareth and Lynette.

LYNX.

An animal resembling the common cat ; with a short tail and ears tipped with pencils of hair.

Becket.

LYONESSE— LYONNESSE.

Considered to have been a country uniting the Scilly islands with western Cornwall, and now covered by the sea. The ( last weird battle in the west ' between king Arthur and sir Modred is supposed to have been fought here.

Then rose the King and moved his host by

night,

And ever push'd Sir Modred, league by league, Back to the sunset bound of Lyonnesse — A land of old upheaven from the abyss By fire, to sink into the abyss again; " Where fragments of forgotten peoples dwelt, And the long mountains ended in a coast Of ever-shifting sand, and far away The phantom circle of a moaning sea.

Morte £ Arthur ; Lancelot and Elaine ; Last Tourna- ment ; Merlin and Vivien ; Guinevere ; Passing of Arthur.

LYONORS.

The lady of Castle Perilous, where she was held captive by four knights. Her sister, the lady Lynette, went to king

Arthur to ask for a knight to deliver her from the tyrants. The king gave the quest to sir Gareth (q.v.) who overcame the knights and liberated the lady, whom according to Malory he married. Tennyson however makes Gareth marry Lynette.

And he that told the tale in older times Says that Sir Gareth wedded Lyonors, But he, that told it later, says Lynette.

Gareth and Lynette.

MACAW.

A tropical bird of the parrot tribe, with long tail and a hooked jaw.

Day-Dream.

MACHREE.

An' shure thin ye'll meet me tomorra ? ' ' Tomorra, tomorra, Machree ! '

Tomorrow. MACREADY.

A famous tragedian ; was manager of Covent Garden,, and afterwards of Drury Lane Theatres. He was a friend of Tennyson, and on his retire- ment from the stage the poet addressed the following sonnet to him :

FAREWELL, Macready, since to-night we p art Full-handed thunders often have confessed Thy power, well used to move the public- breast. We thank thee with our voice and from the

heart.

Farewell, Macready, since this night we part. Go, take thine honours home ; rank with

the best,

Garrick and statelier Kemble, and the rest. Who made a nation purer thro' their art. Thine is it that our drama did not die,

Nor flicker down to brainless pantomime, And those gilt gauds men-children swarm to-

see.

Farewell, Macready ; moral, grave, sublime ; Our Shakespeare's bland and universal eye Dwells pleased, thro" twice a hundred years, on thee.

To W. C. Macready.

MADELINE.

Described by the poet as a

MAE]

203

[MAI

person of an ever-changing mood. He speaks of her as ' Ever-varying Madeline,' and remarks that her smiles and frowns seem to be part of each other.

Thy smile and frown are not aloof

From one another, Each to each is dearest brother ;

Madeline. MAELDUNE.

The hero of an Irish legend A.D. 700. He was the son of Owenacht of Aran, but before his birth his father was killed by a band of robbers. When he had grown to manhood he determined to seek out his father's murderers, and with a crew of some fifty men set out on his voyage. The vessel was blown away from the coast of Ireland, probably amongst the Hebrides, and they visited islands, — described by the poet as the Isle of a Saint, the Bounteous Isle, Isle of Fire, Isle of Flowers, Isle of Fruits, Isle of Shouting, Isle of the Double Towers, the Isle of Witches, and the Silent Isle— which abounded with mon- strous animals, fruits, shouting birds, and biting horses of gigantic size, lakes of fire and of witches. Eventually they came to a bare rock upon which was a fortress where lived his father's murderers, but instead of slaying them, he forgave them in thankfulness to God for having delivered him from so many perils.

Voyage of Maeldune.

MAGDALEN.

A character in Queen Mary. Queen Mary.

MAGDALEN (Saint Mary).

Becket.

MAGEE (Molly). See Dan, Danny O'Roon.

MAGPIE.

A bird of the genus Picay allied to the jay.

To Rev. F. D. Maurice.

MAHOMET.

till warming with her theme She fulmined out her scorn of laws Salique And little- footed China, touch'd on Mahomet With much contempt, and came to chivalry :

Probably refers to the system of Islam, which permits poly- gamy, or to the general idea that Mahomet considered that women have no souls.

The Princess.

MAHOUND.

The corrupt form of the name Mahomet used by old writers. Becket ; The Foresters.

MAID MARIAN.

Supposed to have been the daughter of sir Richard Lea, who assumed the name of Maid Marian while Robin Hood re- mained in a state of outlawry. She is frequently mentioned as the paramour of Robin Hood. She was supposed to have been poisoned at Dunmow Priory by order of king John, because she rejected him.

Queen Mary ; The Foresters.

MAID OF AST.-LAT.

ELAINE the fair, Elaine the loveable, Elaine, the lily maid of Astolat,

MAI]

204

[MAR

High in her chamber up a tower to the east Guarded the sacred shield of Lancelot ;

See Elaine.

Lancelot and Elaine.

MAIDSTONE.

The county town of Kent, situated on the river Medway. Queen Mary.

MAIDSTONE MARKET.

Queen Mary.

MALET.

William Malet of Graville in Normandy and a companion of the Conqueror. Was sheriff of York till 1068, taken prisoner at the capture of York in 1069, but subsequently released.

Harold.

MALLEOR.

or him Of Geoffrey's book, or him of Malleor's,

= Sir Thomas Malory, author of Morte d* Arthur.

To the Queen, II.

MALLOW.

A plant which grows on marshy or moist soils.

The Brook.

MALVOISIE.

= Malmsey, a sweet wine from Crete, Canary Islands, and the Azores.

The Foresters.

MAMMON.

He believed This filthy marriage-hindering Mammon

made The harlot of the cities :

Has reference to the Syrian god of wealth, and wishes to con- vey that persons prevented from marrying on account of material

wealth are apt to fall into dissipation.

Aylmer's Field.

MAMMONITE MOTHER.

When a Mammonite mother kills her babe for a burial fee,

The mother subscribes to an Insurance Society and then murders her child in order to get its funeral expenses.

Maud.

MANCHESTER.

Tho' niggard throats of Manchester may bawl What England was, shall her true sons forget ?

Has reference to the ' School of Manchester ' who protested against the Crimean war.

Third of February.

MANSFIELD.

A town in Nottinghamshire. The Foresters.

MANTOVANO.

I salute thee, Mantovano, I that loved thee

since my day began, Wielder of the stateliest measure ever moulded

by the lips of man.

Has reference to Virgil, the Latin poet, who was born near Mantua.

To Firgil.

MAP. See Walter Map. MARAH.

Becket. Breaking already from thy novi- ciate

To plunge into this bitter world again — These wells of Marah.

See Exodus xv. 23.

Becket.

MARGARET.

Represented by the poet as a pale, delicate and pensive girl, and also appears at times to be given to melancholy. He com- pares her to the calm sea, and

MAR]

205

[MAR'

also speaks of her as the evening star.

alway Remaining betwixt dark and bright:

Margaret. MARGARET.

Friend of a little girl Alice, who is to be ' Queen of the May.' May Queen. MARGARET.

The three year old daughter of a city clerk, gently born and bred, who with his wife and child was spending a holiday at the sea-side. The mother rocked Margaret's cradle, sing- ing her to sleep with the well- known slumber song :

' What does little birdie say.'

Sea Dreams. MARGERY.

Daughter of a poor woman, who received permission from the priest, Father Philip, to send her daughter into the world to earn her own living as a bower-maid. Margery re- lated * he asked our mother if I could keep a quiet tongue i' my head, and not speak till I was spoke to.' Fulfilling these conditions she was to be ad- vanced into the service of a great lady, namely Rosamund de Clifford, paramour of Henry the Second. It was Margery, however, who first disclosed to Rosamund the secret fact of Henry's marriage to Eleanor of Aquitaine. The news caused great grief to Rosamund. Mar- gery left the bower, singing :

Bee mustn't buzz, Whoop — but he knows.

Becket.

MARIA.

Pole. Ave Maria, gratia plena, Benedicta tu in inulieribus.

= Virgin Mary.

Queen Mary.

MARIAM (ISSA BEN). See Issa Ben Mariam.

MARIAN. See Maid Marian.

MARIAN.

The dead wife of a friend in the poem. He induced him to leave London, and come to spend a few days with him at his country home.

Is memory with your Marian gone to rest, Dead with the dead ?

The writer thought that a change of scenery would be some consolation to him in his grief for his wife Marian.

To Mary Boyle.

MARIE.

MARIE ALEXANDROVNA.

Only daughter of Alexander II, czar of Russia, married to the duke of Edinburgh, second son of the late queen Victoria,, at St. Petersburg, January 23,. 1874.

A Welcome to Her Royal Highness Marie Alexandrov- na, Duchess of Edinburgh.

MARK.

of Tintagel Castle, king of Corn- wall. He was a man of vice and treachery, and was hated by all the Knights of the Round Table. He sent an envoy to king Arthur bearing a costly cloth of gold as a gift to the king, with a request that Arthur'

•MAR]

206

[MAR

would knight him, as he had knighted Tristram, but the king rejected with scorn both the gift and the request.

Then came in hall the messenger of Mark, A name of evil savour in the land, The Cornish king. In either hand he bore What dazzled all, and alone far-off as shines A field of charlock in the sudden sun Between two showers, a cloth of palest gold, Which down he laid before the throne, and

knelt,

Delivering, that his lord, the vassal king, Was ev'n upon his way to Camelot ; For having heard that Arthur of his grace Had made his goodly cousin, Tristram, knight, And, he himself was of the greater state, Being a king, he trusted his liege-lord Would yield him this large honour all the

more ;

So pray'd him well to accept this cloth of gold, In token of true heart and fealty.

Then Arthur cried to rend the cloth, to rend In pieces, and so cast it on the hearth.

Being jealous of the popu- larity of his brother Boudwin he murdered him. He married Isolt, daughter of king Anguish of Ireland. He plotted against his nephew Tristram (q.v.)9 who had married Isolt, daughter of Howell, king of Brittany, and finally slew him whilst dallying with his wife.

He spoke, he turn'd, then, flinging round her

neck, Claspt it, and cried ' Thine Order, O my

Queen ! '

But, while he bow'd to kiss the jewell'd throat, Out of the dark, just as the lips had touch'd, Behind him rose a shadow and a shriek — ' Mark's way,' said Mark, and clove him thro' the brain.

Gareth and Lynette ; Balin and Balan ; Merlin and Vivien ; Last Tournament.

MARK ANTONY.

Marcus Antonius, son of Mar- cus Antonius Creticus and Julia, sister of Julius Caesar. He became consul with Caesar 44 B.C., whom he accompanied to Gaul. When Caesar was murdered on the Ides of March he formed a triumvirate and

defeated Brutus and Cassius at Philippi. Fell in love with Cleopatra, with whom he lived in luxury in Egypt. Eventu- ally he was deposed by the Triumvirate and war being proclaimed he was defeated in a naval engagement off Actium, by Octavius, B.C. 31. His outburst against Cleo- patra after his defeat is de- picted in Shakespeare's Antony and Cleopatra, Act iv. Scene xii.

All is lost ;

This foul Egyptian hath betrayed me : My fleet hath yielded to the foe ; and yonder They cast their caps up and carouse together Like friends long lost. Triple-turn'd whore !

'tis thou

Hast sold me to this novice ; and my heart Makes only war on thee.

and when she has left him, he proceeds :

'Tis well thou'rt gone, If it be well to live ; but better 'twere Thou fell'st into my fury, for one death Might have prevented many. Eros, ho! The shirt of Nessus is upon me :

Twelve months later he com- mitted suicide (83-30 B.C.).

Dream of Fair Women.

M ARRIS (Bessy). See Bessy Marris.

MARS.

The Roman god of war. He

was regarded as the father of

Romulus, the founder of Rome.

Maud ; Locksley Hall Sixty

Tears After.

MARSH-DIVER.

The Princess.

MARSH-MARIGOLD.

A genus of plants of the Ranunculus order, having large yellow flowers, common in marshes.

Queen Mary.

MAR]

207

[MAR

MARY.

But ' Ave Mary,' made she moan, And ' Ave Mary,' night and morn,

= ' Hail Mary,' a prayer to the Virgin Mary.

Mariana in the South ; Harold; The Foresters.

MARY.

One of four girl friends spoken of by Alice, the ' Queen of the May.'

May Queen.

MARY.

When Lazarus left his charnel-cave, And home to Mary's house return'd, Was this demanded — if he yearn'd

To hear her weeping by his grave ?

Sister of Martha and Lazarus.

In Memoriam. MARY.

The silver year should cease to mourn and sigh —

Not long to wait — So close are we, dear Mary, you and I

To that dim gate.

= Mary Boyle, to whom the Progress of Spring is dedicated.

To Mary Boyle. MARY.

Wife of Romney, the great painter, who married when he was only nineteen. Sir Joshua and other artists remarked to him that marriage spoiled an artist, and almost immediately he forsook his wife and young child, and scarcely saw them until the close of his life. When old and weary and desolate he returned to her, who received him kindly and nursed him until he died. Before his death he implored for her forgiveness, .and said he

lost Salvation for a sketch.

Romney's Remorse.

MARY.

Queen of England, daughter of Henry VIII and Catherine of Aragon. On the death of Edward VI she was proclaimed queen. The duke of Northum- berland had however induced Edward VI to set aside Henry's will in favour of lady Jane Grey, who had married his son, lord Guildford Dudley, but the country favoured Mary and she entered London in triumph on July 10, 1553. Northum- berland and others were exe- cuted, including lady Jane Grey and her husband, and the Roman Catholic religion was again restored. The unpopu- larity of the proposal to marry Philip of Spain brought about the rebellion of sir Thomas Wyatt, which was crushed with severity, and the princess Eliza- beth being suspected was com- mitted to the Tower, and afterwards removed to Wood- stock. In 1555 persecution broke out which gave her the name of ' Bloody Mary,' some 300 persons, including Cran- mer, Ridley and Latimer being sent to the stake. At the instigation of Philip she de- clared war with France, with the result that Calais was lost to England. During the last years of her reign she suffered from ill-health, and her un- happy and childless marriage, aggravated by the loss of Calais, produced a fever of which she died on November

MAR]

208

[MA Hi

17, 1558, and with her ended the domination of the papal power in England.

Queen Mary.

MARY.

MARY MORRISON.

The lover, and eventually the wife of William, son of farmer Allan.

Dora.

MARY OF ENGLAND. See Mary (Queen of England).

MARY OF SCOTLAND. See Scots (Mary, Queen of).

MASTIFF.

A large dog.

Promise of May.

MATILDA (or Maud).

Daughter of Henry I of England. Married in 1114 to the emperor Henry V, and after his death in 1128 to Geoffrey Plantagenet. On the death of her father, her cousin Stephen (q.v.) became king, and civil war broke out. In 1139 she arrived in England from Nor- mandy, defeated and took Stephen prisoner at the battle of Lincoln, but being defeated herself she fled to Normandy. In 1153 a peace was concluded by which it was agreed that Matilda's son Henry should be Stephen's successor.

Becket.

MAUD.

Daughter of a man who by speculation came into possession of a hall and certain estates.

The son of the ruined man thought of leaving the hateful neighbourhood, but as Maud,, the playmate of his youth, re- turned to the hall, he remained. Maud was perfectly beautiful,, but her face was expression- less. She grew to love the playmate of her youth, to whom she had been betrothed since birth. Her harsh brother for- bade all intercourse, but her lover invited her to meet him in the garden, using the lovely lyric,.

' Come into the garden, Maud.

The trysting-place was how- ever discovered by her brother and a certain young lord. High words ensued, followed by a duel. Maud's brother was shot dead — and the lover fled to the Breton coast. The news of Maud's death reached him and he fell into the apathy of despair.

Maud.

MAURICE (Rev. Frederick Deni- son).

Theologian and social re- former and friend of the poet- Son of a Unitarian minister,, in 1812 went to Trinity College, Cambridge, and founded — in conjunction with Sterling — the Apostles Club; in 1834 Pro" ceeded to Oxford and took his degree ; appointed chaplain of Guy's Hospital 1837; anc* from 1846-53 was Professor of Theology at King's College,, having in the meantime ap- peared before the principal

MAU]

209

[MEL

to answer the charges of hetero- doxy brought against him in the Quarterly Review.

For, being of that honest few, Who give the Fiend himself his due,

Should eighty thousand college- councils Thunder ' Anathema,' friend, at you ;

Should all our Churchmen foam in spite At you, so careful of the right,

Yet one lay-hearth would give you welcome (Take it and come) to the Isle of Wight ;

In 1852 he was godfather to Hallam Tennyson.

COME, when no graver cares employ, Godfather, come and see your boy :

Your presence will be sun in winter, Making the little one leap for joy.

In the following year upon the publication of his Theolo- gical Essays was, by the Council of King's College, requested to retire. He subsequently accepted the Incumbency of Vere Street Chapel, which he held until appointed Professor of Moral Philosophy at Cam- bridge. Incumbent of St. Ed- ward's, Cambridge, 1870-72 and Cambridge preacher at White- hall 1871. He died in the following year and was buried at Highgate.

To Rev. F. D. Maurice.

MAURICE.

MAURICE BERKELEY.

Sir Maurice Berkeley. Fought on the side of Mary in the Wyatt insurrection, 1554. Wyatt sur- rendered to him at Temple Bar.

Queen Mary.

MAVIS.

= The song-thrush.

Claribel ; Gareth and Lyn- ette ; The Foresters.

MAYORS.

then would I cry to thee To kiss thy Mavors, roll thy tender arms Round him,

= Mars.

Lucretius. MAYFLY.

A short-lived fly which appears in May.

Maud.

MAY LILIAN. See Lilian.

MAY-SWEET.

Lover's Tale.

MEADOW-CRAKE.

= the corn-crake. It builds its nest in meadow grass.

The Princess.

MEADOW-SWEET.

A fragrant herbaceous plant with white flowers, called also queen of the meadow.

The Brook ; Promise of May.

MEDITERRANEAN.

An inland sea enclosed east by Asia, south by Africa and north by Europe.

Sir John Oldcastle, Lord Cobbam.

MEDWAY.

Ah, gray old castle of Alingtqn, greenffield Beside the brimming Medway, it may chance That I shall never look upon you more.

A river of Kent.

Queen Mary. MEG.

began

To troll a careless, careless tavern- catch «* j Of Moll and Meg, and strange experiences -, Unmeet for ladies.

A colloquialism for Margaret. The Princess.

MELISSA.

Daughter of lady Blanche and friend of Ida, heroine of The Princess, one of the young p

MEL]

210

[MEN

ladies who accompanied Ida to her house of learning. Melissa is the Greek word for c Bee ' or ' Honey.' She was supposed to be a maiden of youthful charm and one whose tender conscience and loving manner could not brook the shadow •of deceit. At the college she occupied a subordinate posi- tion, but her youthful charm and subordinate sphere formed a striking contrast to the prin- cess who was the embodiment of majestic dignity.

The Princess. MELPOMENE.

The Muse of Tragedy. Her attribute is a tragic mask, or a sword. The Muses (q.v.) were nine in number, daughters of Zeus and Mnemosyne, and were considered as goddesses dwelling in Olympus.

In Memoriam.

MEMMIAN NAPHTHA-PITS.

or fled

Beyond the Memmian naphtha-pits, disgraced For ever —

= Mennis, a place in Meso- potamia with Naphtha-pits, identified with the modern Kerkuk, or Kirkook, in Asiatic Turkey, twenty hours' journey from Arbela.

Alexander quartis castris ad Mennin urbem pervenit. Caverna ibi est, ex qua fons ingentem vim bituminis effundit, adeo ut satis constet, Babylonios muros ingentis opens fontis bitumine interlitos esse. Q. Curtius: Hist. Alex. Magni v. i. 16.

See Professor Bensly's com- munication to Notes and Queries, February 14, 1914,

P- J37-

Alexander.

MEMMIUS.

and meant

Surely to lead my Memmius in a train Of flowery clauses onward to the proof That Gods there are, and deathless.

=A Roman citizen. Was tri- bune, pretor and subsequently governor of Bithynia ; banishec by Caesar. Lucretius dedicatee his poem to him.

Lucretius.

MEMNON.

The beautiful son of Tithom and Eos. He was sent by his father to assist in the Troj; war and slew Antilochus, but was himself killed by Achilles whereupon his mother besought Jupiter to immortalize memory. This, however, did nol calm her sorrow, for she beai witness to her weeping in th< dews of the morning. A colos- sal statue of king Amenophi* built near Thebes, and whic was said to emit a musical sounc at dawn, was given the name oi Memnon.

Thro' which the lights, rose, amber, emerald,

blue,

Flush'd in her temples and her eyes, And from her lips, as morn from Memi

drew Rivers of melodies.

Palace of Art ; The Princess.

MENCECEUS.

A young Theban, son ol Creon. During the siege oi Thebes, Tiresias prophesied that victory would ensue on the side of Thebes if the wrath of the god Ares was pacified by a descendant of the warriors that had sprung from the dragon's teeth sown by Cadmus

MEN]

211

[MER

(q.v.) at the well of the Dirce being sacrificed. Menoeceus, one of the last of the race, slew himself on the wall and his body fell down into the cave which had been the haunt of the dragon.

Tiresias.

MEN-TOMMIES.

= Sweet-hearts.

Spinster's Sweet-Arts.

MERCURY.

The Italian god of commerce.

Lucretius ; Lover's Tale.

MERIDES.

The personification of the noonday sun. The name of a knight — one of four brothers — who kept the passages of Castle Perilous, where the lady Lyonors was held captive, and who was overthrown by sir Gareth.

Gareth and Lynette.

MERLE.

= The blackbird.

Gareth and Lynette ; The Foresters.

MERLIN.

The magician of Arthur's court. He is supposed to have been a bard, born about the year 470 A.D., and adopted the name of Ambrose. He first served the British chief Am- brosius Aurelianus, and after- wards king Arthur.

and one

Is Merlin, the wise man that ever served King Uther thro" his magic art ;

In 457 A.D., after the defeat of the Saxons under Hengist,

Merlin conveyed great stones from Ireland to England, and set them up at Stonehenge as a monument to the British chiefs who had been slain by Hengist, where they still remain.

How Merlin by his skill, and Magiques won- drous might,

From Ireland hither brought the Stonehenge in a night:

Dray ton : Polyolbion, Fourth Song.

He received king Arthur after his birth and handed him to sir Anton to bring him up.

Wherefore Merlin took the child And gave him to Sir Anton, an old knight, And ancient friend of Uther; and his wife Nursed the young prince, and rear'd him with

her own ; And no man knew.

He afterwards made the Round Table at Camelot to seat 150 knights and built a castle to accommodate the magic table.

' O brother, had you known our mighty hall, Which Merlin built for Arthur long ago 1 For all the sacred mount of Camelot, And all the dim rich city, roof by roof, Tower after tower, spire beyond spire,

Various accounts are given as to the manner of his death, but Tennyson says that his fair mistress Vivien (q.v.), who never left his side, followed him to the wild woods of Broceliande where she induced him by craft to reveal to her the secret of his magic strength. Having learnt this, Vivien confined him in a hollow tower from which there was no escape.

And then she follow'd Merlin all the way, Ev'n to the wild woods of Broceliande. For Merlin once had told her of a charm, The which if any wrought on any one With woven paces and with waving arms, The man so wrought on ever seem'd to lie Closed in the four walls of a hollow tower, From which was no escape for evermore.

Morte d' Arthur ; Coming of Arthur ; Gareth and Lynette ; Merlin and

MERj

212

[MIR

Vivien ; Holy Grail ; Pel- leas andEttarre ; Last Tour- nament ; Passing of Arthur ; Merlin and the Gleam.

MERSEY.

And here, new-comers in an ancient hold, New-comers from the Mersey, millionaires, Here lived the Hills.

= The river Mersey.

Edwin Morris.

METHUSALEH.

Eh ! if I could ha' gone on wi' the plowin' nobbut the smell o' the mou'd 'ud ha' maade ma live as long as Jerusalem.

Eva. Methusaleh, father.

Promise of May. MEW.

= A sea-gull.

Sea Fairies ; The Princess.

MEXICO.

A republic of North America.

Mine be the strength ;

Queen Mary.

MICHAEL.

An archangel, and leader of the heavenly host, who drove the rebel angels out of heaven.

Last Tournament.

MICHAEL ANGELO.

A famous Italian sculptor, painter and poet.

In Memoriam.

MILAN.

A city of northern Italy, and capital of the province of Milan.

The Daisy ; Queen Mary.

MILLY.

Servant to farmer Dobson. Promise of May.

MILTON.

Poet (1608-1674).

Palace of Art; Milton; Romney's Remorse. MINNETH.

The chief city of the Am- monites.

And he smote them from Aroer, even till thou come to Minnith. Judges xi. 33.

Dream of Fair Women.

MINNIE.

MINNIE and Winnie

Slept in a shell. Sleep, little ladies !

And they slept well.

Minnie 'and Winnie*

MINNOW.

A small fresh-water fish.

Miller's Daughter. MIRIAM.

And highest, among the statues, statue-like ween a cymbal' d Miriam and a Jael,

Sister of Moses and Aaron, and a prophetess. After the passage of the Red Sea she took a cymbal in her hand, and followed by the whole female population of Israel sang a song of thanksgiving to God for having delivered Israel from the Egyptians. Exodus xv. 20-21. The Princess.

MIRIAM.

MIRIAM ERNE.

Cousin of Muriel Erne, in whose company she was often to be found, Muriel fishing and Miriam sketching by a certain brook. Miriam married, but died during the first year of her married life, leaving a little daughter also called Miriam. The Ring.

MIR]

213

[MOL

MIRIAM. MIRIAM LANE.

The landlady of the village tavern in Enoch Arden.

Enoch Arden. MISERERE MEI.

Then knelt and said the Miserere Mei — But all in English, mark you ; rose again,

The Fifty-first psalm.

Queen Mary. MISTLETOE.

A parasite plant or shrub, which grows on different trees. When found upon the oak it was regarded by the Druids as an object of superstition. Day-Dream. MIZPEH.

The daughter of the warrior Gileadite,

A maiden pure ; as when she went along From Mizpeh's tower'd gate with welcome

light, With timbrel and with song.

See Judges xi. 34-36.

Dream of Fair Women. MNEMOSYNE.

In Greek Mythology, the god- dess of memory and mother of the muses.

The Princess. [OAB.

and a hundred meres About it, as the water Moab saw Come round by the East,

See 2 Kings Hi. 22.

Last Tournament. [OCK-HYMEN. See Hymen. [ODRED.

Son of Lot, king of Orkney, and Bellicent, daughter of Gorlois and Ygerne, and brother of sir Gawain and sir Gareth. His name signifies ' Biter,' which represents the serpent of which king Arthur was by Merlin warned to beware. When king Arthur (q.v.) was absent on a campaign abroad

he left Modred regent ; but he usurped the kingdom and tried to wed Guinevere the queen. Upon Arthur learning the news he returned and in the ' last weird battle in the west ' Modred was slain and Arthur also received his death-wound. Coming of Arthur ; Gareth and Lynette ; Lancelot and Elaine ; Pelleas andEttarre; Last Tournament ; Guine- vere ; Passing of Arthur. MOLE.

A small animal which bur- rows in the ground and casts up little heaps of mould.

My life is full; Aylmer's Field ; Defence of Lucknow. MOLL.

began

To troll a careless, careless tavern-catch Of Moll and Meg, and strange experiences Unmeet for ladies.

A colloquialism for Mary. The Princess. MOLLY.

Servant girl to an old spinster who had named all her cats after her former sweethearts. She seemed to induce Molly to believe her ideas.

That a man be a durty thing an* a trouble an' plague wi' indoor.

• Spinster's Sweet-Arts. MOLLY.

One of the daughters of the new village squire, and described by the village wife

For Molly the long un she walkt away wi' a

hofficer lad, An' nawbody 'eard on 'er sin, sa o' coorse she

be gone to the bad !

Village Wife. MOLLY.

MOLLY MAGEE. See Dan, Danny O'Roon.

MOL]

214

[MOR

MOLOCH.

Screams of a babe in the red-hot palms of Moloch of Tyre,

Refers to the fire god of the Ammonites, which was wor- shipped in Rabba, and to whom human sacrifices were offered.

First, Moloch, horrid king, besmeared with

blood

Of human sacrifice, and parents' tears ; Though, for the noise of drums and timbrels

loud, Their children's cries unheard that passed

through fire

To his grim idol. Him the Ammonite Worshipped in Rabba and her watery plain, In Argob and in Basan, to the stream Of utmost Arnon.

Milton : Paradise Lost, Book I, 392-399.

MOLOWNY.

A priest.

The Dawn.

Tomorrow,

MOLY.

A fabulous herb of magic power, said by Homer to have been given by Hermes to Odys- seus to counteract the spells of Circe.

And yet more med'cinal is it than that Moly That Hermes once to wise Ulysses gave. Milton : Comus, 636-637.

Lotos-Eaters. MONA.

WHILE about the shore of Mona those Neron-

ian legionaries Burnt and broke the grove and altar of the

Druid and Druidess, j

The Roman name of the isle of Anglesey. Upon the occasion of the second Roman invasion of Britain, it was the only place where Druidism existed, which was finally de- stroyed by the Roman General Suetonius Paulinus in A.D. 61. Boddicea.

MONACO.

How like a~gem, beneath the city Of little Monaco, basking, glow'd.

A small principality on the shores of the Mediterranean sea. The Daisy.

MONMOUTH (Harry of). See Harry of Monmouth.

MONNA GIOVANNA.

See Federigo degli AlberighL

MONTE ROSA.

How faintly-flush'd, how phantom-fair, Was Monte Rosa, hanging there

A thousand shadowy-pencill'd valleys And snowy dells in a golden air.

A glacier mass between Switzerland and Italy.

The Daisy.

MONTFORT (Edith). See Edith, Edith Montfort.

MORCAR.

Earl of Northumbria and son of Alfgar of Mercia ; joined his brother Edwin, earl of Mercia in his revolt against Tostig : and was defeated by the Norsemen under Hardrada at Fulford Bridge, near York, September 20, 1066. After the battle of Senlac he made sub- mission to the Conqueror and was pardoned. In 1071 he joined the insurgents in the Isle of Ely under Hereward the Wake and on surrendering was committed to the custody of Roger de Beaumont ; in 1087 he was imprisoned at Win- chester.

Harold.

MORE (Sir Thomas).

Son of sir John More and the author of Utopia. Succeeded Wolsey as Lord Chancellor 1529,

MOR]

2IS

[M00

but resigned the office (1532) because he could not support Henry VIII's action in the matter of his divorce ; with John Fisher, bishop of Rochester, was committed to the Tower for refusing to take the oath of supremacy ; found guilty and was beheaded July 6, 1535 ; his body was buried in the Tower and his head exhibited on London Bridge (1478-1535). Queen Mary.

MOREL AND (Emma). See Emma Moreland.

MORGANORE.

One of the petty kings over- come by king Arthur fighting on behalf of Leodogran, king of Cameliard.

Coming of Arthur. MORIAH.

Alter the day of darkness, when the dead Went wandering o'er Moriah —

A mountain near Jerusalem where king Solomon built the temple. 2 Chronicles, chap. Hi.

The wandering of the dead after the crucifixion is referred to in St. Matthew xxvii. 50-53. Holy Grail ; Columbus.

MORRIS (Edwin). See 'Edwin, Edwin Morris.

MORRISON (Mary). See Mary, Mary Morrison.

MORS.

An infernal deity, the off- spring of Night.

Gareth and Lynette.

MORVILLE. See De Morville. MOSES.

Tomorrow.

MOTH.

A family of nocturnal insects, The Princess ; In Me- moriam ; Sir John Oldcastle, Lord Cobham ; Becket ; Promise of May.

MOUNT OF BLESSING. MOUNT OF VISION.

And climb the Mount of Blessing, whence if

thou Look higher, then — perchance — thou mayest

— beyond

A hundred ever-rising mountain lines, And past the range of Night and Shadow —

see The high- heaven dawn of more than mortal

day Strike on the Mount of Vision !

Ancient Sage.

MOUSE.

A small rodent quadruped, of the genus mus.

Mariana ; Aylmer's Field ; Northern Farmer, New Style ; Maud ; Village Wife ; Spinster's Sweet- Arts ; Owd Rod ; Queen Mary ; The Falcon.

MOUNTAINS OF THE WORLD.

And came upon the Mountains of the World And saw the rivers roll from Paradise

The description given by Columbus to the beautiful and fertile shore of Paria, South America, which he considered to have been the abode of Adam and Eve. He presumed that the stream of fresh water which filled the Paria, and sweetened the salt ocean in its vicinity being supplied by the fountain mentioned in Genesis, as springing from the tree of life in the Garden of Eden.

Columbus.

MUC]

216

[MYR

MUCH.

The ' miller's son,' one of Robin Hood's band of outlaws. The Foresters.

MUGGINS.

A methodist preacher sup- posed to have preached a ser- mon on { Hell-fire an' the loov o' God fur men,' when Sally and her lover the northern cobbler, first went to the meeting together. He was supposed to have had some influence over the cobbler in getting him to give up his habit of drunkenness. Northern Cobbler.

MULE.

A hybrid animal, generated between an ass and a mare.

Sir Launcelot and Queen Guinevere.

MURIEL ERNE.

Muriel and Miriam Erne were cousins. The latter died leaving a little girl who was also named Miriam Erne. Muriel, out of pity for the lonely child, took her and nursed her, and in later years became the child's stepmother.

The Ring.

MUSCOVITE.

How long this icy-hearted Muscovite Oppress the region ? '

= a native of Moscow, or of Russia.

Poland.

MUSES, THE.

Goddesses who presided over poetry, music, dancing, and the liberal arts. They were the daughters of Zeus and Mnemo-

syne,and were nine in number : —

Calliope : the Muse of elo- quence and epic poetry. Her symbols are a tablet and stylus ; sometimes a scroll.

Clio : the Muse of history. Her symbol is a scroll.

Erato : the Muse of erotic poetry and elegy. Her symbol is a lyre.

Euterpe : the Muse of music. Her symbol is a flute.

Melpomene : the Muse of tragedy. Her symbol is a tragic mask, or a sword.

Polyhymnia : the Muse of sacred poetry. She has no attri- bute.

Terpsichore : the Muse of choral song and dance. Her symbols are a lyre and the plectrum.

Thalia : the Muse of comedy. Her symbol is a shepherd's staff, or a wreath of ivy.

Urania : the Muse of astro- nomy. Represented as hold- ing a staff with which she points to a globe.

The Princess ; In Me- moriam ; To Virgil ; Dead Prophet ; Parnassus.

MUSSULMAN.

= The Persian form of Mos- lem. Recollections of the Arabian Nights ; Romney's Remorse ; Akbar's Dream ; Becket.

MYRTLE.

An evergreen shrub of the genus Myrtus. The ancients

NAD]

NER]

considered it sacred to Venus, the goddess of Love.

The Islet ; The Cup.

NADIR.

May this hard earth cleave to the Nadir hell Down, down, and close again, and nip me flat, If I be such a traitress.

Represents the lowest point. Merlin and Vivien.

NAIAD.

In Greek mythology the Naiads were female nymphs, represented as presiding over fresh-water fountains and streams, and endowed with prophetic power.

Leonine Elegiacs ; Adeline ; To E. L.

NAPLES.

A city of Italy and capital of the province of Naples. The Brook; The Ring

Queen Mary.

NEILGHERRY.

yet the brook he loved, For which, in branding summers of Bengal, Or ev'n the sweet half-English Neilgheny air I panted,

A mountain district in south India. It is a bracing district and much frequented by Eu- ropeans as a health resort. In some respects it resembles the climate of England, hence ' half-English.''

The Brook.

NELL.

NELLY. S^Ellen.

NELLY.

Daughter of squire.

the village

An' Nelly wur up fro' the craadle as big i' the mouth as a cow,

On account of this the village wife recommended that she must emigrate.

An' saw she mun hammergrate, lass, or she weant git a maate onyhow !

Village Wife. NELSON.

Horatio, Lord Nelson.

The Fleet.

NEMESIS.

and some great Nemesis Break from a darken'd future, crown'd with fire,

In Greek mythology the goddess of moral justice and the personification of Divine retri- bution. According to Hesiod she is the daughter of Night, and with Aides, the divinity of modesty, left the earth on the advent of the iron age. Her statue at Athens is said to have been executed by Phidias, the greatest sculptor the world has ever seen, out of a block of Parian marble which Darius brought from Persia, and which he had in- tended to set up in Athens as a monument of his victory over the Greeks at Marathon. It was used instead to record his defeat.

The Princess.

'NENE.

Becket. Where is the King ?

Roger of York. Gone hawking on the Nene

A river which has its source in Northamptonshire, and enters the North Sea by the Wash. Becket. NERONIAN.

WHILE about the shore of Mona those Neron-

ian legionaries Burnt and broke the grove and altar of the

Druid and Druidess,

NET]

Refers to the Roman army under Suetonius Paulinus who destroyed the Druidical power in the Isle of Mona (Anglesey)

A.D. 6l.

Boddicea.

NETHERLANDS.

=The low countries.

Queen Mary. NEW ENGLAND.

A name applied to the former British possession in North America, and now comprising the States of Maine, New Hampshire, Vermont, Massachu- setts, Connecticut, and Rhode Island. The inhabitants are descendants of English Puri- tans. Captain John Smith made an extensive exploration of the region in 1614, and sug- gested that it should be called ' New England.'

Hands All Round.

NEW FOREST.

A royal forest of England, enclosed by William the Con- queror, and situated in the south-western portion of Hamp- shire. Contains the Rufus stone marking the traditional site of the death of William II.

Sisters (Evelyn and Edith).

NEWFOUNDLAND (dog).

Aylmer's Field.

NICHOLAS (Saint).

Patron saint of Russia ; was bishop of Myra in Lycia, and suffered persecution under Dio- cletian. Children, especially schoolboys, are regarded as be-

21 8 [NIG

ing under his guardianship, and he still survives in the Santa Claus of Christmas rejoicings. The Foresters.

NICHOLAS. NICHOLAS HEATH.

Archbishop of York and Lord Chancellor ; fellow of Christ's College, Cambridge, 1521, and of Clare Hall, Cambridge, 1524, vicar of Hever 1531-32, and in 1534 appointed arch- deacon of Stafford. Created bishop of Rochester, 1539; and in 1542 succeeded Latimer in the see of Worcester, but was deprived in 1551. On the ac- cession of Mary was restored to Worcester, and subsequently elected archbishop of York,, vacant by the deprivation of archbishop Holgate. In 1556 he was appointed Lord Chan- cellor. On the death of Mary he proclaimed Elizabeth in the House of Lords, and for a short time continued to hold the office of Chancellorship. Was deprived of his archbishoprick for refusing to take the oath of supremacy and committed to the Tower, but was subse- quently set at liberty on giving an undertaking not to inter- fere in Church and State matters. He died in 1579, and was buried in the chancel of Cobham Church.

Queen Mary.

NIGHTINGALE.

A small bird of the Passerine family. It sings at night and

NIL]

219

[NOR

is celebrated for the sweetness

of its song.

Palace of Art ; Gar- dener's Daughter ; Vision of Sin ; Poet's Song ; Ayl- mer's Field ; The Princess ; Grandmother ; In the Gar- den at Swainston ; Marriage of Geraint ; Balin and Balan ; First Quarrel ; Ancient Sage ; Demeter and Persephone.

NILE.

O saviour of the silver-coasted isle, O shaker of the Baltic and the Nile,

Has reference to lord Nel- son's victory at the battle of the Nile, August I, 1798.

Ode on the death of the Duke of Wellington.

NILUS.

The Nilus would have risen before his time And flooded at our nod.

Has reference to the annual overflow (July to October) of the river Nile.

Dream of Fair Women.

NIOBE.

In Greek mythology the daughter of Tantalus, and wife of Amphion, king of Thebes. She had twelve children, six sons and six daughters, and she scorned the goddess Leto who had only two children, Apollo and Diana. These two chil- dren being indignant at the insult to their mother slew with their arrows all Niobe's chil- dren. For nine days they lay in their blood, and on the tenth day the gods buried them. Niobe fled to mount Sipylos,

in Asia Minor, where she was turned into a stone.

Walking to the Mail ; Pro- mise of May.

NIOBEAN.

Has reference to Niobe ($.v.) queen of Thebes.

The Princess.

NOAILLES.

Antoine de Noailles (1504- 1562), soldier and diplomatist. Queen Mary.

NOAKS.

A notorious character, a poacher, who was supposed to have shot a keeper and accord- ing to the story told by an old farmer, was condemned and hanged.

Noaks or Thimbleby — toaner 'ed shot 'um as

dead as a naail. Noaks wur 'ang'd for it oop at 'soize — •

Northern Farmer, Old Style.

NOKES.

A character in Queen Mary.

Queen Mary. NOKES.

A farm hand.

Promise of May*

NORFOLK (Duke of).

Thomas Howard, third duke of Norfolk (1473-1 554), tried to suppress the Wyatt rebellion, but was unsuccessful.

Queen Mary.

NORMANDY.

An old province of France of which Rouen was the CapitaL Harold; Becket.

NORMANLAND.

= Normandy.

Harold.

NOR]

220

[OAK

NORSELAND.

= Scandinavia, but more par- ticularly Norway.

Harold.

NORTHAMPTON.

Becket. On a Tuesday was I born, and on

a Tuesday

Baptized ; and on a Tuesday did I fly Forth from Northampton ; on a Tuesday

pass'd From England into bitter banishment;

In 1164 Thomas Becket, archbishop of Canterbury, was summoned by Henry II to a •Council at Northampton to give an account of the various sums of monies received by him during the time he held the office of Lord Chancel- lor. Judgment being given against him, Becket left the palace, and stealing away by night, reached Sandwich, and thence by boat to Flanders. Becket.

WORTH-SEA.

Lancelot and Elaine.

NORTHUMBERLAND. See Nor- thumbria.

Coming of Arthur ; Harold.

KORTHUMBERLAND (Earl of).

John Dudley, first duke of Northumberland ; executed (1553) for resisting the acces- sion of Mary to the throne. His son lord Guildford Dudley was married to lady Jane Grey. Queen Mary.

UORTHUMBRIA.

An ancient British kingdom reaching from the Humber to the Firth of Forth and from the North Sea westward to

the Celtic Strathclyde. It was founded by Ida in 547.

Harold. NORWAY.

but came

As night to him that sitting on a hill Sees the midsummer, midnight, Norway sun Set into sunrise ; then we moved away.

Has reference to the Aurora Borealis, or Northern Lights. The Princess.

NORWAY (King of). See Har- drada.

NORWAY.

The northernmost country of Europe.

Harold.

NOTTINGHAM.

The Foresters. NOX.

In Greek mythology the goddess of night.

Gareth and Lynette. NUDD.

Father of Edyrn (q.v.). Marriage of Geraint ; Geraint and Enid.

OAF.

A changeling left by the fairies.

The Foresters.

OAK. OAK-TREE.

A tree of about 300 species. Buonaparte ; Talking Oak ; Amphion ; Lord of Bur- leigh ; Aylmer's Field ; The Princess ; Boddicea ; In Memoriam ; Geraint and Enid ; Balin and Balan ; Merlin and Vivien ; Last

DBA]

221

[OLA

Tournament ; Hands all Round ; To Mary Boyle ; The Oak ; The Tourney ; Claribel ; Gareth and Lyn- ette ; The Cup; The Foresters.

OBALISQUE.

A name given to a female slave in the Turkish harem. The Princess.

OBERON.

King of the Fairies. He is one of the characters in Shake- speare's Midsummer - Night's Dream.

The Foresters.

ODIN.

or Wodin, the chief god of the Teutonic tribes. His seat was Hlidskialf in Asgard and he held his court in Walhalla (q.v.), where the warriors slain in battle spent their future exist- ence. He was attended by two black ravens, Hugun and Munin, representing Thought and Memory respectively.

The Victim.

ODO.

Half-brother of William the Conqueror, who created him bishop of Bayeux in 1049. Accompanied the Conqueror to England and fought at the battle of Senlac, for which service he was created earl of Kent and rewarded with Dover Castle. During William's ab- sence from England was viceroy ; built himself a palace at Rome, and even aspired to the pope-

dom ; arrested and imprisoned at Rouen. During the reign of William II he became the centre of conspiracy and was compelled to flee to Normandy^ In 1085 was present at the pro- clamation of the first Crusade and in the following year ac- companied duke Robert of Normandy as a crusader. He- died at Palermo in 1097.

Harold.

(ENONE.

A nymph of Mount Ida,, daughter of Kebren, the river- god, and the wife of Paris (q.v.) the shepherd-prince of Troy. She was endowed with the gift of prophecy and told her hus- band that his journey to Greece would be his ruin. During the siege of Troy he was wounded by an arrow, and sent for CEnone, but on her arrival she found him dead and stabbed herself over the body.

And muffling up her comely head, and crying- ' Husband ' she leapt upon the funeral pile, And mixt herself with him and past in fire.

CEnone ; Death of CEnone. OLAF.

St. Olaf, not while I am by ! Come, come,. Join hands, let brethren dwell in unity ;

Olaf II, king of Norway ; wrested the throne of Norway from Eric and Jarl ; endea- voured to exterminate paganism by fire and sword ; excited disaffection among his subjects,, who rebelled, and with the assistance of Canute over- powered him. Fled to the court of his brother-in-law,,

OLD]

222

[OPH

Jaroslav of Russia ; by his help he tried to recover his throne, but was defeated and slain by Canute at Stiklestad. Was canonized in 1164 and is the patron saint of Norway (995- 1030).

Harold.

OLDCASTLE (Sir John). See Cobham.

OLDHAM.

A farm labourer.

Promise of May. OLEANDER.

An evergreen shrub having clusters of beautiful red or white flowers.

The Daisy. OLIVE.

A tree cultivated in the East for its oily fruit. Its branches are the emblems of peace.

The Princess ; The Daisy ; Maud ; Prater Ave Atque Vale.

OLIVE.

And hear me swear a solemn oath,

That only by thy side Will I to Olive plight my troth

And gain her for my bride.

= A girl's name.

Talking Oak. OLIVET.

Mount of Olivet or Olives, also called Mount of Corrup- tion. A rising ground to the east of Jerusalem over against the Temple hill, and separated from it by the Kidron valley. At its summit is the church of the Ascension, and on its west slope Gethsemane.

In Memoriam.

OLIVIA.

Betrothed to a young English- man named Walter. During his absence she spent much of her time beneath the boughs of an old oak-tree. When Walter returned, the oak-tree — supposed to be gifted with speech — gave him an account of her doings during his absence. In return for the information he vowed to make for his bride a bridal wreath of alternate leaf and acorn ball.

Talking Oak. OLYMPIAN.

From out the Ghost of Pindar in you Roll'd an Olympian ;

Has reference to an Olympian Ode, written by Pindar in honour of the victors at the Olympian games.

To Professor Jebb. OMAR.

that large infidel Your Omar ; and your Omar drew

Full-handed plaudits from our best In modern letters,

Fitzgerald's translation of Omar Khayyam, the astronomer poet of Persia.

To E. Fitzgerald. OPHIR.

but had I brought

From Solomon's now-recover'd Ophir all The gold that Solomon's navies carried home,

In his fourth voyage Colum- bus arrived at Veragua, and the amount of gold obtained from the mines of that district led him to believe that he had discovered the place from which Solomon obtained his sup- plies of gold. See I Kings ix. 28. Columbus.

OPP]

223

[OUT

OPPIAN LAW.

for on one side arose

The women up in wild revolt, and storm'd At the Oppian law.

See Cato.

The Princess.

ORAN.

A port in Algeria.

Ballad of Oriana.

ORANGE.

A tree of the genus Citrus. Queen Mary ; Promise of May.

ORANGE.

Was the capital of the small principality of Orange in France. Passed by marriage into the hands of the house of Nassau in 1531, and the first Nassau prince of Orange was the father of William the Silent. The principality was annexed by France in 1713.

Queen Mary.

ORCHIS.

A genus containing ten of the British species of orchids.

In Memoriam.

OREAD.

A mountain-nymph. (Enone ; Lucretius ; Maud.

ORIANA.

Heroine of the Ballad of Oriana. As she stood on the castle wall, watching her lover go forth to battle, she was pierced through the heart by an arrow.

Ballad of Oriana.

ORIEL.

She took her throne : She sat betwixt the shining Oriels, To sing her songs alone.

A recess in a room with a bay-window.

Palace of Art; Day- Dream ; Lancelot and Elaine ; Holy Grail.

ORION.

In Greek mythology a giant and hunter, son of Hyrieus. He fell in love with Merope, daughter of CEnopion, but was struck blind by CEnopion be- cause of his treatment of her, but recovered his sight by ex- posing his eyeballs to the rays of the rising sun. At his death he was placed in the heavens as a constellation.

Canst thou ! bind the sweet influences of . I Pleiades,

Oft loose the bands of Orion ?

Job xxxviii. 31.

Locksley Hall ; Maud.

ORKNEY.

A group of islands north of Scotland. Coming of Arthur ; Harold.

ORM.

Father of Gamel.

Harold.

O'ROON (Danny). See Dan, Danny O'Roon.

O'SHEA (Shamus). See Shamus, Shamus O'Shea.

OSIER.

A water-willow, from withes of which baskets are made.

Enoch Arden.**j~

OUTRAM (Sir James). ^p

Son of Benjamin Outram

of Butterley Hall, Derbyshire.

Appointed in 1840 a British

OUZJ

Political Agent in Sind, and distinguished himself by his heroic defence of the British Residency at Hyderabad. Ap- pointed Chief Commissioner of Oudh in 1843, and in 1857 joined the Persian expedition. During his absence the Mutiny broke out, and on his return was offered the commander- ship of the Lucknow Relief Force, but waived his military rank and acted as a volunteer under Havelock (^.^.),who had already fought eight victorious battles with the rebels. After Lucknow was relieved he as- sumed the command, only to be in turn himself besieged, and relieved by sir Colin Camp- bell. Was rewarded with a baronetcy, a pension of £1,000 and the Freedom of London. He died at Paris in 1863, and was buried in Westminster Abbey where the slab on his grave bears the epitaph : The Bayard of India. Statues have been erected to his memory in London and Calcutta.

Defence of Lucknow.

OUZEL.

One of the several species of thrushes, especially the black- bird.

Gardener's Daughter.

OWL.

A bird that seeks its food by night, noted for its howling or hooting noise.

The Owl; St. Simeon Stylites ; The Princess ;

224 [PAG

Gareth and Lynette ; Balin and Balan ; Lancelot and Elaine ; Holy Grail ; Des- pair ; Forlorn.

OWLBY.

He'll niver swap Owlby an' Scratby fur owfe. but the Kingdom o' Heaven ;

Church-warden and the Curate.

OWLET.

A young owl.

Leonine Elegiacs.

OXFORD.

A city and capital of Oxford- shire. It is the seat of one of the English Universities.

Queen Mary ; Becket ; The Foresters.

OXLIP.

A species of primrose.

Talking Oak.

PADRE (Goan). See Goan Padre.

PADUA.

A city of Venetia.

Queen Mary.

P^EAN.

An ancient Greek hymn, sung in honour of Apollo.

Two Voices.

PAGET (Lord).

William Paget, first baron ; played a prominent part in the plot to set aside the will of Henry VIII ; joined queen Jane's council on the death of Edward VI, but sanctioned the proclamation of Mary. Made Lord Privy Seal, but on acces- sion of Elizabeth he relinquished the office (1505-1563).

Queen Mary.

PAL] 225

PALLAS.

PALLAS ATHENE.

In Greek mythology the god- dess of Wisdom, daughter of Zeus, identified with the Roman Minerva. She was produced from Zeus' brain without a mother. The story is that Zeus in fear that a son stronger than himself would be born, devoured his first wife Metis, but Hephaestus clave open his head with an axe and Athene sprang forth in full armour, the god- dess of eternal virginity. Her powers were equal to those of Zeus ; she could hurl the thunder of Jupiter, and bestow the gift of prophecy. A yearly festival, called Panathenaea, was founded in her honour by Theseus, one of the Greek heroes. A magnificent temple called the Parthenon was built on top of the Acropolis at Athens in her honour, and a colossal statue wrought in ivory and gold, some thirty feet in height, was erected. Her attributes are the helmet, the lance, the round shield with the Gorgon's head, the olive branch and the owl. When Paris (q-v.) the shepherd-prince of Troy was appointed to decide which of the three goddesses (Juno, Pallas Athene, and Venus) was the most beautiful, and to which should be awarded the golden apple, the prize of beauty, Pallas attempted to bribe him by promising him wis- dom.

[PAL

4 Self-reverence, self-knowledge, self-control, These three alone lead life to sovereign power. Yet not for power (power of herself Would come uncall'd for) but to live by law, Acting the law we live by without fear; And, because right is right, to follow right Were wisdom in the scorn of consequence.'

* * *

Again she said : ' I woo thee not with gifts. Sequel to guerdon could not alter me To fairer. Judge thou me by what I am, So shalt thou find me fairest.

* * *

Here she ceas'd,

And Paris ponder'd, and I cried, ' O Paris, Give it to Pallas ! ' but he heard me not, Or hearing would not hear me, woe is me !

Paris decided in favour of Venus.

A Character ; CEnone ; The Princess ; In Memoriam ; Achilles over the Trench; Tiresias.

PALM. PALM-TREE.

A tropical tree of many varieties bearing at the summit large leaves like the palm of the hand. A leaf of the palm, anciently borne was a symbol of victory or rejoicing.

Arabian Nights ; Palace of Art ; Lotos Eaters ; ( Ton ask me why? etc. ; St. Simeon Stylites ; Locksley Hall; Enoch Arden; Ayl- mer's Field ; The Princess ; A Welcome to Her Royal Highness Marie Alexan- drovna, Duchess of Edin- burgh ; The Daisy ; The Islet ; In Memoriam ; Gar- eth and Lynette ; Lover's Tale ; Columbus ; The Wreck; To Ulysses; Ak- bar's Dream ; Harold ; The Foresters.

PALMYRENE.

Zenobia, wife of Bedouin Q

PAN|

226

[PAP

Septimius Odenathus, king of Palmyra. After her husband's death she was appointed queen and conquered Egypt. She then aimed at the complete inde- pendence of the Roman empire but was defeated by Aurelian at Hemesa, A.D. 272, and herself captured. She was taken to Rome, but was presented by Aurelian with possessions at Tivoli, where she passed the rest of her life in the society of her two sons. She was a beau- tiful woman, endowed with prudence and great courage.

The Princess.

PAN.

In Greek mythology the son of Hermes and the god of shep- herds. The Romans identified the Greek Pan with their god Faunus (q>v.). He is repre- sented with horns and goat's feet ; hence is derived the modern devil of Christianity. In Memoriam.

PANCRATIUS (St. Pancras).

Son of a heathen noble of Synnada in Phrygia. Being taken to Rome he was during the persecution of Diocletian executed, when only fourteen years of age. He is represented as the Latin saint of children, with a sword in one hand and a palm in the other. St. Pan- cras Station, the terminus of the Midland Railway in London, is named from the parish in which it is situated.

Harold.

PANDORA-BOX.

This beggarly life, This poor, flat, hedged-in-field — no distance

Hollow Pandora-box,

With all the pleasures flown, not even Hope

Left at the bottom!

In Greek mythology a beau- tiful woman whom Jupiter in order to punish the human race — because Prometheus had stolen the heavenly fire — con- structed on earth. Jupiter gave her a box containing all human ills which, when opened, escaped and spread over all the earth, Hope aione remaining at the bottom of the box.

Promise of May.

PANSY.

A species of violet.

Gardener's Daughter.

PANTHER.

A fierce spotted quadruped, allied to the leopard.

(Enone ; Death of CEnone.

PAPHIAN.

Paphos, a town in Cyprus, chiefly identified as a centre of the worship of Aphrodite, the Greek goddess of love and beauty. Aphrodite means ' sea- foam ' and Paphos is the place where she is said to have landed after her birth from the sea. (Enone.

PAPHLAGONIA.

Have you alliances ? Bithynia, Pontus, Paphlagonia ?

An ancient country in Asia Minor. The country was inde- pendent under Persian and Macedonian rule. It passed later to Pontus and subse-

PAR]

227

[PAR

quently became a Roman pro- vince, B.C. 65.

The Cup.

PARAGUAY.

A South American state.

To Ulysses.

PARIS.

He groan'd, he turn'd, and in the mist at once Became a shadow, sank and disappeared, But, ere the mountain rolls into the plain, Fell headlong dead ; and of the shepherds one Their oldest, and the same who first had found Paris, a naked babe, among the woods Of Ida, following lighted on him there, And shouted, and the shepherds heard and came.

Son of Priam and Hecuba, king and queen of Troy. When an infant his mother dreamed that she saw a flaming brand in the cradle where the child lay. Hecuba, very anxious to know the meaning of the dream, decided to ask an oracle to -explain it, and was informed that the child was destined to bring destruction on his native city. To escape this calamity Paris was carried away to a forest to die of hunger, but was found by shepherds who brought him up, hence he is called the shepherd-prince of Troy. He married (Enone, daughter of the river-god Kebren, but was afterwards rewarded by Venus with the love of the beautiful Helen of Sparta whom he carried off to Greece and which led to the Trojan War. The story is, that on the occasion of the marriage of Peleus and Thetis, Eris the goddess of strife was the only goddess not invited to the wedding, and to show

her displeasure threw among the guests a golden apple on which was written * For the fairest.' The three goddesses (Juno, Pallas Athene, and Venus), each claimed the apple, and Paris was appointed to judge which of the three was the most beautiful. On appearing be- fore Paris they each made attempts to bribe him in order to gain the verdict. Juno pro- mised him sovereignty :

She to Paris made Proffer of ample power, ample rule Unquestion'd, overflowing revenue Wherewith to embellish state, ' from many a

vale And river-sunder'd champaign clothed with

corn,

Or labour'd mine undrainable of ore. * * *

Still she spake on and still she spake of power, ' Which in all action is the end of all ; Power fitted to the season ; wisdom-bred And throned of wisdom — from all neighbour

crowns

Alliance and allegiance, till thy hand Fail from the sceptre-staff.

Pallas Athene promised him wisdom :

' Self-reverence, self-knowledge, self- control, These three alone lead life to sovereign power. Yet not for power (power of herself «< Would come uncall'd for) but to live by law, Acting the law we live by without fear ; And, because right is right, to follow right Were wisdom in the scorn of consequence.'

* * *

Again she said : ' I woo thee not with gifts, Sequel of guerdon could not alter me To fairer. Judge thou me by what I am, So shalt thou find me fairest.

* * *

' Here she ceas'd,

And Paris ponder'd, and I cried, ' O Paris, Give it to Pallas ! ' but he heard me not, Or hearing would not hear me, woe is me !

Venus promised him the fairest woman in Greece for his wife :

Idalian Aphrodite beautiful,

Fresh as the foam, new-bathed in Paphian

wells,

With rosy slender fingers backward drew From her warm brows and bosom her deep

hair

Ambrosial, golden round her lucid throat And shoulder ; from the violets her light foot Shone rosy-white, and o'er her rounded form

PAR]

228

[PAS

Between the shadows of the vine-bunches Floated the glowing sunlights, as she moved.

She with a subtle smile in her mild eyes, The herald of her triumph, drawing nigh Half-whisper'd in his ear, ' I promise thee The fairest and most loving wife in Greece,' She spoke and laugh'd : I shut my sight for

fear:

But when I look'd, Paris had raised his arm, And I beheld great Here's angry eyes, As she withdrew into the golden cloud, And I was left alone within the bower ; And from that time to this I am alone, And I shall be alone until I die.

Paris handed the apple to Venus. Subsequently during a visit to Sparta he abused the hospitality of Menelaos, for during his absence in Crete Paris eloped with Helen. To avenge this insult Menelaos laid siege to the city of Troy, and fought a single combat with Paris, whom he defeated, and who would have perished had not Venus interfered. In a succeeding battle Paris slew Achilles, the most famous of all the Greek heroes in the war, but on the fall of the city, being himself mortally wounded by a poisoned arrow of Philocteles, he sent for CEnone whom he had abandoned, but upon her arrival she found him dead, and in despair threw herself upon his body and stabbed herself. (Enone ; Death of (Enone.

PARIS (city of).

Locksley Hall Sixty Tears Ajter ; Romney's Remorse ; The Dawn.

PARMA.

An Italian town.

The Daisy.

PARNASSUS.

The highest peak of a range of

mountains in Greece, dedicated to the Muses, Apollo and Bac- chus.

In Memoriam.

PARROT.

One of a family of tropical birds, remarkable for its beauti- ful plumage, and its powers of imitating the human voice.

Locksley Hall ; Day- Dream ; The Princess.

PARTHENON.

O THOU so fair in summers gone, While yet thy fresh and virgin soul

Inform'd the pillar'd Parthenon, The glittering Capitol;

A celebrated temple on the Acropolis at Athens, built under Pericles and dedicated B.C. 438 to Athena. It is considered the finest specimen of Greek archi- tecture extant. A gold and ivory statue of the goddess Athene stands in the midst of the Parthenon.

Freedom.

PARTHIAN.

The last Parthian shaft of a forlorn Cupid at the King's left breast, and all left-handed- ness and under-handedness.

An arrow discharged at an enemy when retreating from him, as was the custom of the ancient Parthians.

Becket.

PARTRIDGE.

A wild gallinaceous bird of the genus Perdrix. It is noted as a game bird.

Lover's Tale.

PASSION-FLOWER.

A flower so-called from a fanciful resemblance to a crown.

PAU]

229

[PEL

of thorns, the emblem of Christ's passion. Maud ; Voyage of Maeldune.

PAUL.

Saint Paul, the apostle of the Gentiles.

Godiva ; In Memoriam ; Sir John Oldcastle, Lord Cobbam ; Queen Mary.

PAUL THE FOURTH (Pope). See Caraffa.

PAUL'S.

Right down by smoky Paul's they bore, Till, where the street grows straiter,

One fix'd for ever at the door, And one became head- waiter.

= St. Paul's Cathedral, Lon- don. Founded by Ethelbert. In Roman times a temple of Diana is believed to have stood on the site, as a stone altar sculptured with the image of Diana was found during the excavations for the foundations of Goldsmith's hall, in 1830. Destroyed by fire 1087, anc^ again in the great fire of 1666 ; rebuilt by Sir Christopher Wren 1675-1710.

Will Waterproofs Lyrical Monologue.

< PEACE, BE STILL ! '

and while I spoke The crowd's roar fell as at the ' Peace be still ! '

Has reference to the words of Christ in the storm on the Sea of Galilee.

Columbus.

PAYNIM.

= Pagan.

Balin and Balan ; Holy Grail ; Last Tournament.

PEACH.

A tree with a delicious juicy fruit.

Progress of Spring ; The Falcon.

PEACOCK.

A large bird of the pheasant kind remarkable for the beauty of its plumage, especially that of its tail.

(Enone ; Day-Dream. ; The

Princess ; The Daisy ;

Maud; Gareth and Lynette ;

Queen Mary.

PEACOCK-YEWTREE.

A yewtree clipped into the shape of a peacock.

Enoch Arden.

PEA-HEN.

The female of the peacock. The Falcon.

PEELfc.

A goddess who had her home in a great lake of fire nine miles round — Kilauea — (q-v.) the largest active volcano in the world.

Kapiolani.

PELEifAN BANQUET-HALL.

The Abominable, that uninvited came Into the fair Pelei'an banquet-hall,

The banquet-hall in which the guests at the marriage of Peleus and Thetis assembled, and where Eris the goddess of strife threw among the guests the golden apple of discord. (Enone.

PELEION.

unweariable fire

That always o'er the great Peleion's head Bura'd,

PEL]

230

[PEM

= Achilles, so-called because he was the son of Peleus.

Achilles over the Trench.

PELEUS.

' This was cast upon the board, When all the full-faced presence of the Gods Ranged in the halls of Peleus ; whereupon Rose feud, with question unto whom 'twere due;

Has reference to the marriage of Peleus with the sea-nymph Thetis, and where Eris the god- dess of discord threw the golden apple among the guests, to show her resentment at not being in- vited.

(Enone. PELICAN.

I saw

The pelican on the casque of our Sir Bors All in the middle of the rising moon :

The pelican used as a crest was a symbol of devotion to a kinsman.

Holy Grail

PELLAM.

King of Listengise. He gave a feast to all the knights of the Round Table and their ladies ; and they all rose from the table and attacked Balin for having slain sir Galon, Pellam himself being wounded by a miraculous spear but was healed of the wound by sir Galahad.

Balin and Balan.

PELLEAS.

A Knight of the Round Table, created to fill one of the gaps made by the quest of the Holy Grail, and lord of many Isles. Fell in love with the lady Ettarre (q.v .) but the lady did not return his love. For some

time was knight to queen Guinevere. Was slain by sir Meliagrance in defending his mistress.

Pelleas and Ettarre. PEMBROKE (Earl of).

Sir William Herbert, first earl Pembroke ; son of sir Richard Herbert. Became a gentleman-pensioner in 1526, For having killed a mercer in a fracas escaped to France and joined the French army ; re- turning, he married Anne, sister of Henry VIIPs sixth queen, and at once rose in royal favour. At the dissolution of the mon- asteries he received the Abbey of Wilton, destroyed the monas- tic building and built a magnifi- cent mansion. Further grants of land were made him by Henry VIII and Edward VL On the outbreak of the quarrel between Somerset and Warwick Pembroke sided with the latter for which he was suitably re- warded, receiving Somerset's estates in Wiltshire. He signed the agreement for the succession of lady Jane Grey to the throne, and was with her at the Tower of London, but later he declared in favour of Mary and accom- panied the Lord Mayor of London to Cheapside to read the proclamation. On the out- break of the Wyatt rebellion — although his loyalty was re- garded as suspicious — was ap- pointed chief in command of the army to resist Wyatt's entry into London, but his

PEN]

231

[PER

troops made such a feeble resist- ance that Wyatt succeeded in entering the city. He intro- duced into the royal presence the Spanish ambassador who came to represent Philip at the formal betrothal of the Queen, and on the arrival of Philip met him at Southampton, and was one of the four peers who gave Mary away at the wedding in Winchester Cathedral. Al- though a great favourite with both Mary and Philip his loyalty was regarded from time to time with such suspicion that Mary was advised to place him under arrest. Immediately upon Mary's death, Pembroke went to Hatfield and attended Eliza- beth's first Privy Council, and zealously supported a protestant revival. Appointed Lord Stew- ard of the royal household in 1568, he compromised his posi- tion by supporting the proposed marriage of the duke of Nor- folk with Mary, queen of Scots, and was arrested, admitted sympathy with the scheme but denied the charge of disloyalty. He died in 1570, and was buried in St. Paul's Cathedral.

Queen Mary. PENDRAGON.

A title — meaning ' chief leader in war ' — conferred upon several British chiefs in times of distress. Uther and Arthur were each appointed to the office to repel the Saxon in- vaders.

Lancelot and Elaine.

PENDRAGONSHIP.

Has reference to the title of Pendragon (q.v.).

Guinevere.

PENElAN.

The long divine Peneian pass, The vast Akrokeraunian walls,

The river Peneus in Thessaly which flows through a narrow pass, and is extremely beautiful on account of the precipitous rocks on either side.

To E. L.

PENENDEN HEATH.

but ten thousand men on Penenden Heath all calling after your worship,

Pennenden Heath. Ori- ginally a large common near Maidstone in Kent. In Saxon times the Witenagemot was held here, since which time it has been the meeting place for large and important gatherings. A large portion of the com- mon has now been built upon, and part is now used as a public recreation ground under the control of the Maidstone Cor-

poration.

PENUEL.

Queen Mary.

Past Yabbok brook the livelong night,, And heaven's mazed signs stood still In the dim tract of Penuel.

Clear-headed Friend.

PERCIVALE.

A Knight of the Round Table, son of Pellinore, king of Wales. In Lancelot and Elaine he is called ' the meek Sir Percivale ' and in the Holy Grail is known as * the Pure ' and is hailed as the guardian of the Holy Grail :

PER]

232

[PET

And the angelic choir sang in jubilant tones : ' Hail to thee Percival, king of the Grail ! Seemingly lost for ever, Now thou art blest for ever. Hail to thee Percival, king of the Grail ! ' Wagner : Epics and Romances of the Middle Ages (Trans, by M. W. Macdowall).

Sir Percivale accompanied sir Galahad and sir Bors in the quest of the Holy Grail and was present when it appeared, but whether he was permitted to see it with his bodily eyes is not known. Some authorities consider that sir Galahad only saw the vision, while others contend that both sir Galahad and sir Percivale beheld the holy vessel, after which Perci- vale withdrew into a hermitage and spent the rest of his life in prayer.

Sir Percivale Whom Arthur and his knighthood call'd The

Pure,

Has pass'd into the silent life of prayer, Praise, fast, and alms ; and leaving for the cowl The helmet in an abbey far away From Camelot, there, and not long after, died

Merlin and Vivien ; Lan- celot and Elaine ; Holy Grail ; Pelleas and Ettarre. PERSEPHONE.

In Greek mythology the daughter of Jupiter and Deme- ter, and queen of the lower world. As a maiden she was carried off, while plucking flowers in Enna, into the lower world by Pluto in his car, and is represented sitting on an ebony throne wearing a crown.

or the enthroned Persephon^ in Hades,

She married Pluto and be- came the mother of the Furies. In Italian mythology she is identified with Proserpine.

The Princess ; Demeter and Persephone.

PERSIA.

An Asiatic country. Alexander ; Lover's Tale.

PERSIAN GIRL.

Then stole I up, and trancedly Gazed on the Persian girl alone,

= Anis al-Jalis, in Burton's Arabian Nights.

Recollections of the Arabian Nights.

PERU.

Queen Mary. PETER.

= Saint Peter, one of the twelve Apostles.

Godiva ; Gareth and Lyn- ette ; To E. Fitzgerald; Locksley Hall Sixty Tears After ; Queen Mary ; Harold; Becket.

PETER.

Then of the latest fox— where started— kill'd In such a bottom : ' Peter had the brush, My Peter, first : '

A character at a meeting of the hounds.

Aylmer's Field.

PETER.

The Eternal Peter of the changeless chair,

= Pope of Rome.

Queen Mary.

PETER (Peter Martyr).

Pietro Martire Vermigli, born at Florence 1550. Was an Augustinian monk, but became a convert to the reformed faith, and in consequence had to flee from Italy in 1542. Pro- fessor of Divinity at Strasburg 1542-7, and at Oxford in 1548 ; returned to Strasburg in 1553, and became Professor of Divin-

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233

ity in the following year ; died at Zurich in 1562.

Peter, I'll swear for him He did believe the bond incestuous.

Queen Mary. PETERBORO'

Abbot Alfwig,

Leofric, and all the monks of Peterboro' Strike for the king ;

Harold.

PETER CAREW.

Son of sir William Carew. In the reign of Henry VIII was sheriff of Devonshire. On the death of Edward VI he opposed the succession of lady Jane Grey and proclaimed Mary as queen in the West. Con- spired against the Spanish marriage and the plot being discovered escaped to the con- tinent. Passing through Ant- werp he was arrested by lord Paget, sent back to England, and confined in the Tower. On the accession of Elizabeth he rose in favour, and was Con- stable of the Tower in 1572, when the duke of Norfolk was convicted for treason. The latter part of his life was spent in recovering his property in Ireland. He died in 1575, and was buried in the church at Waterford.

Queen Mary.

PETERS.

Gentleman to lord Howard. Queen Mary.

PETER'S-PENCE.

An annual tribute of one penny paid to support the pope. Presented by Ina of the West-

[PEW

Saxons for the endowment oi an English College at Rome, 725, it was confirmed by Off a, 777, and afterwards claimed by the pope as a tribute from England and collected regularly until its abolition by Henry VIII in 1534.

Talking Oak.

PETHER.

An' tell thim in Hiven about Molly Magee

an' her Danny O'Roon, Till Holy St. Pether gets up wid his kays an'

opens the gate !

= St. Peter.

'Tomorrow.

PEVENSEY. PEVENSEY CASTLE.

A village in Sussex on the English Channel twelve miles from Hastings. It was in the bay of this little village that William, duke of Normandy, landed with his army on Septem- ber 28, 1066. The Romans built here a castle — now in ruins — the fortress of which was of great strength. It with- stood for six days the attack of the army of Rufus against Odo, bishop of Bayeux ; king Stephen and Simon de Mont- fort besieged it unsuccessfully ; but it was again successfully defended by lady Jane Pelham in 1399. The castle remained a fortress until the time of Elizabeth.

Harold; Becket.

PEWIT.

=The lapwing.

Will Water-proofs Lyrical Monologue.

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234

[PHI

PHARAOH.

May Pharaoh's darkness, folds as dense as

those

Which hid the Holiest from the people's eyes Ere the great death, shroud this great sin from

ail!

See Exodus x. 21-23.

Aylmer's Field. PHAROS.

but had you stood by us, The roar that breaks the Pharos from his base Had left us rock.

An island near Alexandria on which a lighthouse was erected by Ptolemy I, B.C. 250.

The Princess.

PHENOMENON.

Name of a horse.

The Brook.

PHILIBERT. PHILIBERT OF SAVOY.

Emanuel Philibert, duke of Savoy, born 1528, succeeded

1553 ; died 1580.

Queen Mary.

PHILIP.

A priest.

Queen Mary.

PHILIP.

King of Naples and Sicily, afterwards king of Spain, son of the emperor Charles V. In

1554 married Mary, queen of England in Winchester Cathe- dral, and became unpopular. In the following year left Eng- land in disappointment that an expected heir was not born to him ; resolved to extirpate protestantism in his dominions, and employed sword and fire with bitterness ; the Nether- lands however resisted the attack and succeeded in throwing off the Spanish yoke ; made over-

tures to queen Elizabeth, but was refused and in 1559 married Isabella, daughter of the king of France. In 1588 he sent his ' Invincible ' Armada against England, which was almost to- tally destroyed, the defeat of which marked the beginning of the decline of Spain. The only praise that can be accorded to this tyrant is that he gave a certain amount of encourage- ment to the advancement of the Arts and Sciences (1527- 1598).

Queen Mary. PHILIP.

And following our own shadows thrice as long As when they follow'd us from Philip's door, Arrived and found the sun of sweet content Re-risen in Katie's eyes, and all things well

Father of Katie Willows. The Brook. PHILIP.

PHILIP RAY. See Enoch, Enoch Arden.

PHILIP (de Eleemosyna).

Pope's Almoner ; called the Abbot of 1'Aumone ; was of the Cistercian order.

Becket.

PHILIP (Philip Edgar, afterwards Mr. Harold). See Eva.

Promise of May.

PHILIP EDGAR (afterwards Mr, Harold). See Eva.

Promise of May.

PHILIP HAROLD (Philip Edgar), See Eva.

Promise of May.

PHILIP HEDGAR (Edgar). See Eva.

Promise of May.

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[PHR

PHILIPPINES.

An archipelago, lying between the China Sea in the west, and the Pacific Ocean in the east. Queen Mary.

PHLEGETHON.

That oft had seen the serpent- wanded power Draw downward into Hades with his drift Of flickering spectres, lighted from below By the red race of fiery Phlegethon :

In Greek mythology a river of hell.

Demeter and Persephone.

PHCEBE.

A priestess in the temple of Artemis, along with Camma. Gamma's husband Sinnatus was slain by Synorix. Camma married Synorix, and seemed to have no fear of him. Phoebe reminded her of the shyness with which she faced her first marriage, and was horrified to think that Camma should marry and ' clasp a hand Red with the blood of Sinnatus ? ' but she endured it all that she might pass to Sinnatus on the other side of Death, and tell him that he was avenged.

The Cup.

PHOSPHOR.

Bright Phosphor, fresher for the night, By thee the world's great work is heard Beginning, and the wakeful bird ;

Behind thee comes the greater light :

The light-bringer or morning star.

In Memoriam.

PHOSPHORUS.

The personification of the ' Morning-star.' The name of a knight — one of four brothers — who kept the passages of

Castle Perilous where the lady Lyonors was held captive, and who was overthrown by sir Gareth.

Garetb and Lynette.

PHRA-BAT.

The footstep of the Lord on a rock. See Phra-Chai.

To Ulysses.

PHRA-CHAI.

The shadow of the Lord. Certain obscure markings on a rock in Siam, which express the image of Buddha to the Buddhist more or less dis- tinctly according to the faith and his moral worth. — Poefs Note.

To Ulysses.

PHRYNE.

Becket. Where, my liege ? WitlTPhryne, Or Lias, or thy Rosamund, or another ?

Has reference to Phryne, a Greek courtesan. On account of her beauty she obtained numerous suitors who lavished gifts upon her so freely that she became exceedingly rich. She was a model to Praxiteles for his statue of Venus. Being accused of profanity she was brought before the Tribunal, and was defended by Hyperides, one of her lovers ; but seeing that the eloquence of Hyperides failed to convince the judges, she exposed her person, and was immediately acquitted, and carried in triumph to the temple of Venus.

Becket.

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236

[PIL

PIACENZA.

An old Italian city.

The Daisy.

PICUS.

' But who was he, that in the garden snared Picus and Faunus, rustic Gods ?

King of Latium, son of Saturn, and the Italian god of agriculture. He married the nymph Canens, and became the father of Faunus. When out hunting in the woods one day he was met by Circe, who changed him into a woodpecker, because he rejected her love and was faithful to Canens.

Lucretius.

PIERIAN.

If the lips were touch'd with fire from off a pure Pierian altar,

A regular epithet for the muses.

Parnassus. PIERO.

Piero was cruelly murdered by the captain of a band of highwaymen. The reason given by his wife for such an outrage is

' the Bandit had woo'd me in vain, and he stabb'd my Piero with this.

The bandit dragged the woman to his cave in the moun- tain, where she lived in hatred of her husband's murderer, crying to the saints to avenge. On the birth of a son, however, there seemed to be a little less hatred between them. Being tracked by the police, the bandit accidentally strangled the child as he utter'd a cry. The woman's loathing revived, she stabbed him as he slept, put

the head in a cloth, and set out to receive the promised ransom.

You have set a price on his head : I may claim it without a lie.

* * *

For I with this dagger of his — do you doubt me ? Here is his head !

Bandit's Death. PIERO.

The dead lover of Elisabetta, nurse to Count Federigo degli Alberighi. Elisabeth remon- ' strated with the count for his extravagance towards the lady Giovanni for whom he had bought a diamond necklace, and pointing to her own said :

they are but blue beads — my Piero, God rest his honest soul, he brought 'em for

me, Ay, but he knew I meant to marry him.

The Falcon. PIGEON.

A well-known bird of the genus Columba.

Audley Court ; The Brook ; Gareth and Lynette.

PIKE.

A large fresh-water fish. Village Wife.

PILATE.

Pontius Pilate.

Becket.

PILGRIM'S PROGRESS.

More like the picture

Of Christian in my ' Pilgrim's Progress ' here Bow'd to the dust beneath the burthen of sin.

An allegory by John Bunyan, recounting the adventures of the hero Christian in journey- ing from the City of Destruction to the heavenly Jerusalem. It was written by Bunyan during his imprisonment in Bedford jail, between 1660 and 1672. Promise of May.

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[POI

PINDAR.

FAIR things are slow to fade away, Bear witness you, that yesterday

From out the Ghost of Pindar in you Roll'd an Olympian ;

The greatest lyric poet of Greece.

To Professor Jebb.

PINE.

A cone-bearing evergreen tree.

Leonine Elegiacs ; Two Voices ; (Enone ; Lotos- Eaters ; Amphion ; The Voyage ; Aylmer's Field ; Lucretius ; The Princess ; Ode on the death of the Duke of Wellington ; A Welcome to Her Royal Highness Marie Alexandrovna, Duch- ess of Edinburgh ; The Daisy; To Rev. F. D. Maurice ; The Islet; The Window ; Maud ; Gareth and Lynette ; Lover's Tale ; Voyage of Maeldune ; To Ulysses ; Progress of Spring; Death of (Enone ; Bandit's Death ; Queen Mary ; Becket; The Cup.

PLANE.

= a tree of the genus Platanus. Lucretius ; The Princess ; The Cup.

PLANTAGENET.

What songs below the waning stars The lion- heart, Plantagenet, Sang looking thro' his prison bars ?

Refers to the songs supposed to have been composed by Richard I during his captivity. Margaret.

PLANTAGENET.

A line of English kings who

reigned from the extinction of the Norman line to the accession of the Tudor, 1154- 1485. See Geoffrey.

Queen Mary ; The Foresters*.

PLANTAIN.

A common weed, with broad, strong leaves.

Aylmer's Field.

PLATO.

A Greek philosopher, 427-347 B.C.

Palace of Art ; Lucretius ; The Princess ; Sisters (Evelyn and Edith).

PLEIADS.

A cluster of seven stars ; ap- plied in Greek mythology to seven Greek poets

Canst thou bind the sweet influences of

Pleiades, Or loose the bands of Orion ?

Job xxxviii. 31.

Locksley Hall ; Queen Mary.

PLOVER.

= the lapwing. May Queen ; Come not, when, etc. ; Geraint and Enid ; Haffly ; Becket.

POET-SATYR.

Poet of the poet-satyr Whom the laughing shepherd bound with, flowers ;

Silenus, who was caught asleep and bound with flowers as narrated in Virgil's Sixth- Eclogue.

To Virgil.

POINET (JOHN).

Bishop of Winchester ; be- came a convert to the reformed faith, and was appointed chap-

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[PON

lain to archbishop Cranmer in 1547. Created bishop of Ro- chester by Edward VI in 1550 and translated to Winchester in the following year. On the accession of Mary he was de- prived and fled to Strasburg where he died in 1556.

Cranmer. To Strasburg, Antwerp. Frank- fort, Zurich, Worms,

Geneva, Basle — our Bishops from their sees Or fled, they say, or flying — Poinet, Barlow, Bale, Scory, Coverdale ;

POITEVINS.

Queen Mary.

I learn but now that those poor Poitevins,

= The people of Poitou.

Becket. POITOU.

A province of France.

Harold. POLAND.

Shall I weep if a Poland fall ? shall I shriek if a Hungary fail ?

Has reference to the Polish insurrection against Russia in 1831. The rebellion proving a failure, Cracow, which had been hitherto an indepen- dent state was annexed to Austria, and the remainder of the kingdom of Poland was made a constitutional monarchy under the Czar of Russia.

Maud; Poland.

POLE (Reginald). See Reginald Pole.

POLECAT.

An animal of the weasel kind, which has glands secreting a disagreeable odour.

The Foresters. POLLIO.

Chanter of the Pollio, glorying in the blissful years again to be.

Roman historian and poet ;

the Pollio is the fourth Eclogue of Virgil, which the poet dedi- cated to him.

To Virgil.

POLYTHEISM.

The doctrine of the belief in a plurality of gods each with a sphere of his own, and each a personification of some ele- mental power in the govern- ment of the world.

Akbar's Dream.

PONTH1EU.

A French province.

Harold.

PONTIC.

To Ulysses.

PONTIGNY.

A French village possessing a famous Cistercian monastery built in the twelfth century, and the monastery in which Becket took refuge when he fled to France in 1164.

Becket.

PONTIUS.

That Pontius and Iscariot by my side Show'd like fair seraphs.

=Pontius Pilate.

St. Simeon Stylites.

PONTUS.

An ancient district of Asia Minor on the south-east coast of the Euxine or Black Sea. In Pontus a native monarchy arose soon after 400 B.C. which reached its chief importance under Mithridates VI the Great, who carried on several wars with Rome. In 63 B.C. after the conquest of Mithri-

POP]

239

[PRO

dates, Pompey made the western half a Roman province, and in 63 A.D. the eastern half was also added to the Roman empire. The Cup.

POPLAR. POPLAR-TREE.

A tree of the genus Populus. Leonine Elegiacs ; Mari- ana ; Ode to Memory ; Amphion ; In Memoriam ; Lancelot and Elaine ; Sisters (Evelyn and Edith) ; Voyage of Maeldune ; Balin and Balan ; The Cup.

POPPY.

A plant of the genus Papaver having large showy flowers.

Lotos-Eaters ; Dora ; The Princess ; Last Tourna- ment ; Voyage of Maeldune; Spinster's Sweet- Arts ; The Tourney.

PORTUGAL.

Sisters (Evelyn and Edith).

PRASUTAGUS.

King of the Iceni, husband of queen Boadicea. On his deathbed, 60 A.D., he made the emperor Nero with his two daughters joint heir of his wealth, in the hope of securing Nero's protection for his family and the people of Iceni ; but no sooner was he dead than the Romans seized the territory and treated the inhabitants with cruelty, who under Boadicea (q.v) rose against them but were defeated.

Boadicea.

PRESTER JOHN.

Or clutch'd the sacred crown of Prester John And cast it to the Moor :

A supposed king and priest who is said to have reigned over a kingdom in the interior of Asia. This idea was universal until the beginning of the fourteenth century when it was transferred to Ethiopia and the title applied to a ruler of the Abyssinian kingdom. He claimed to have been the mightiest monarch on earth, no less than seventy-two kings being his tributaries. In 1221 he was defeated by Genghis Khan, one of the tributary kings who had revolted against him.

Columbus. PRIVET.

A shrub, much used for hedges.

Walking to the Mail.

PROSERPINE.

In Italian mythology the daughter of Zeus and Demeter ; identified with the Greek Perse- phone (q*v). Whilst gather- ing wild asphodels in the fields of Enna was seized and carried off by Pluto to the infernal regions and made queen of Hades.

she moved Like Proserpine in Enna, gathering flowers

She married Pluto and became the mother of the Furies.

Edwin Morris. PROVENQAL.

Nay, if I took and translated that hard heart into our Provencal facilities, I could so play about it with the rhyme —

Becket.

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240

[PYR

PROVENCE.

A province of southern France.

Lovers Tale ; Becket.

PSYCHE.

Lady Psyche was one of the tutors at the female college founded by princess Ida, heroine of The Princess. She was sup- posed to be a person possessing a very charming manner, and was essentially feminine both in heart and manner. Her abilities as a lecturer were marked and to her abilities Cyril paid a delicate compli- ment when he, disguised as a girl student, gained admission into the college.

The Princess.

PSYCHE.

The long-limb'd lad that had a Psyche too :

In Greek mythology a beau- tiful maiden, the youngest of three daughters of a king, repre- sented as the personification of the Human Soul. She was loved by Cupid who carried her away to a palace where he visited her without being identi- fied. Psyche could not however resist the curiosity of knowing who he was, and lit a lamp, when a drop of oil fell on Cupid's shoulder, which awoke him and he fled. She then wandered from place to place in search of her lover, until she came to the palace of Venus, who, being jealous of her beauty, made her her slave, but ultimately Cupid came to her rescue, married

her and bestowed on her im- mortality.

The Princess.

PTARMIGAN.

and know

The ptarmigan that whitens ere his hour Woos his own end ;

A species of grouse. The colour of this bird varies, being brownish-gray in summer and white in winter.

Last Tournament.

PUBLIUS.

Captain of a band of Roman soldiers, and guard to Synorix,. from whom he received orders to capture as traitors any one who was talking with Synorix when he cried ' Rome, Rome/ Publius was also present in the temple at the murder of Sin- natus by Synorix, and helped to bear away the body from the temple for burial.

The Cup.

PUMPY.

Scizzars an' Pumpy was good uns to goa

Thruf slush an' squad

When roads was bad, But hallus ud stop at the Vine-an'-the-Hopr Fur boath on 'em knawed as well as mysen That beer be as good fur 'erses as men.

Name of a horse.

Promise of May.

P. W.

Poor Philip, of all his lavish waste of word* Remains the lean P. W. on his tomb :

= Philip Willows ; father of Katie Willows.

The Brook.

PYRENEAN.

Till o'er the hills her eagles flew Beyond the Pyrenean pines,

— The Pyrenees.

Ode on the death of the Duke of Wellington*

PYT]

24I

[QUI

PYTHAGORAS.

And once for ten long weeks I tried Your table of Pythagoras,

= A vegetarian diet, as recom- mended by Pythagoras, the famous Greek philosopher, and adopted by Fitzgerald.

To E. Fitzgerald.

QUAIL.

A bird closely allied to the partridge.

Audley Court.

QUEEN 0' THE MAY.

The chief character in the poem entitled the May Queen. The poem is divided into three parts, and opens

You must wake and call me early, call me

early, mother dear : To-morrow 'ill be the happiest time of all the

glad New- year ; Of all the glad New- year, mother, the maddest

merriest day ; For I'm to be Queen o' the May, mother, I'm

to be Queen o' the May.

The second portion, entitled New Year's Eve, opens with a request from the girl to her mother to call her early on the first morning of the year :

IF you're waking call me early, call me early mother dear,

For I would see the sun rise upon the glad New- year.

It is the last New- year that I shall ever see.

Then you may lay me low i* the mould and think no more of me.

Later on in the poem we find the girl lying seriously ill, but longs to live until the snowdrop comes :

There's not a flower on all the hills : the frost

is on the pane : I only wish to live till the snowdrops come

I wish the snow would melt and the sun come

out on high : I long to see a flower so before the day I die.

Towards the end of the poem she charges her sister to look after her little garden :

She'll find my garden- tools upon the granary floor:

Let her take 'em : they are hers : I shall never garden more :

But tell her, when I'm gone, to train the rose- bush that I set

About the parlour-window and the box of mignonette.

The girl however lingers long enough to see not only the snowdrop but also the violet :

I THOUGHT to pass away before, and yet alive

I am ; And in the fields all round I hear the bleating

of the lamb. How sadly, I remember, rose the morning of

the year ! To die before the snowdrop came, and now

the violet's here.

and as the girl lies in her mother's arms at the point of death, happy in the anticipation of meeting her mother and sister in the world beyond, the poem concludes :

O sweet and strange it seems to me, that ere

this day is done The voice, that now is speaking, may be

beyond the sun — For ever and for ever with those just soub

and true — And what is life, that we should moan ? why

make we such ado ?

For ever and for ever, all in a blessed home — And there to wait a little while till you and

Effie come — To lie within the light of God, as I lie upon

your breast — And the wicked cease from troubling, and the

weary are at rest.

May Queen.

QUINCE.

A tree belonging to the same tribe as the apple.

Balin and Balan.

QUINTUS CALABER.

And read a Grecian tale re- told, \\hich cast in later Grecian mould,

Quintus Calaber Somewhat lazily handled of old ;

A poet, who wrote in four- teen books a Greek poem as a continuation of Homer's Iliad in the third century.

To the Master of Balliol. R

BAB] 242

RABBIT.

A rodent quadruped of the hare family.

Aylmefs Field, ; Queen Mary ; Promise of May.

RACHEL.

Fairer than Rachel by the palmy well,

Has reference to the first meeting of Jacob and Rachel at the well of Haran. Genesis xxix.

Aylmer's Field.

BAGGED-ROBIN.

A common wild-flower of the campion kind, its petals having a ragged appearance, hence its name.

Marriage of Geraint. RAHAB.

Pole. The scarlet thread of Rahab saved

her life ; And mine, a little letting oc the blood.

Has reference to Rahab who received the spies sent by Joshua to spy out Jericho. Queen Mary.

RALPH.

Sir Ralph, an old knight, who evidently took part in the Crusades.

J And that was old S r Ralph's at Ascalon,'

It was near Ascalon that the Crusaders in 1099 under God- frey de Bouillion defeated a superior army sent by the sultan of Egypt to capture Jerusalem. A statue of Sir Ralph in orange scarf and silken sash evidently adorned princess Ida's college, but when prince Arac and princess Ida were wedded, the knight was disrobed of his feminine attire, and was seen

[RAT

once more standing in the armour that befitted his sex and profession.

'The Princess. RALPH.

Ralph, a knight, and lover of Edith Mont fort. He took part in a tournament, won it, and was crowned by his lady-love, and won the admiration of his king.

The Tourney.

RALPH.

RALPH BAGENHALL.

Sir Ralph Bagenhall ; the only member of the House of Commons who protested against reconciliation with Rome in 1556, for which he was com- mitted to the Tower.

Queen Mary. RAM.

= A male sheep.

Last Tournament.

RANDULF.

Grim. And one of the De Brocs is with

them, Robert,

The apostate monk that was with Randulf here.

The brother of Robert de Broc.

Becket. RAPHAEL.

What fame ? I am not Raphael, Titian — no Not even a Sir Joshua, some will cry.

The celebrated painter, sculp- tor and architect.

Romney's Remorse.

RAT.

A rodent quadruped of the genus Mus.

The Foresters ; Walking to the Mail ; Maud ; Merlin

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243

[REG

and Vivien ; Pelleas and, Ettarre ; Owd Rod ; Queen Mary ; The Falcon ; Pro- mise of May.

RAVEN.

A large bird of the crow family.

Boddicea ; Maud ; Guine- vere ; Rizpah ; Battle of Brunanburh ; Merlin and the Gleam ; Harold ; The Foresters.

RAY (Philip). See Enoch, Enoch Arden.

RAYMOND OF POITOU.

Have we not heard Raymond of Poitou, thine own uncle —

Raymond I, prince of Antioch. Becket.

REDCAP.

A bird of the goldfinch family, having a conical crest of red feathers on the top of its head.

Gardener's Daughter.

REDHATS.

But the King hath bought half the College of Redhats.

= Cardinals.

Becket.

RED SEA.

An inland sea between Africa and Asia.

To the Marquis of Dufferin and Ava.

REFORM.

Name of a horse.

The Brook.

REGGIO.

An Italian seaport.

The Daisy.

REGINALD. REGINALD FITZURSE.

Eldest son of Richard Fitz- urse and the principal actor in the murder of Thomas Becket. For some years he re- sided at Williton in Somerset. After the murder he escaped with his fellow-murderers to Saltwood castle, and finally to Knaresborough the home of de Morville, where they re- mained for about a year, after which Fitzurse went to Rome to receive sentence by the pope and was sent to expiate his sins at Jerusalem.

Becket.

REGINALD POLE

Cardinal archbishop of Can- terbury, son of sir Richard Pole. Appointed to various benefices by Henry VIII and upon the death of Wolsey refused the aichbishoprick of York. Being attainted of treason he fled to Italy and settled for some years in Padua ; opposed the royal divorce and was deprived of all his preferments. In 1536 he was summoned to Rome by the pope who appointed him a cardinal, and sent him to the French king, Francis I, to stir him to war against England ; was one of the legates sent to open the Council of Trent, 1545. On the accession of Mary he was appointed papal legate to England, to arrange with queen Mary as to the best means of bringing the kingdom

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[RIC

again in subjection to the papal see, and upon his arrival in England was created arch- bishop of Canterbury. In 1557 his legation was cancelled and he was summoned to Rome on the charge of heresy, but falling ill, died on the same day as queen Mary, November 17, 1558, and was buried in St. Thomas' Chapel, Canterbury. Queen Mary.

RENARD (Simon). See Simon, Simon Renard.

REVEILLEE.

The beat of drum, or bugle blast, about break of day, to give notice that it is time for soldiers

to rise.

In Memoriam.

REVENGE, THE.

The ship commanded by sir Richard Grenville (q.v.) in lord Howard's squadron which was attacked by the Spanish fleet off the Azores in August 1591.

The Revenge.

RHINE.

The principal river of Germany.

In Memoriam.

RHODOPE.

The Rhodope, that bui t the pyramid,

Has reference to Rhodopis, a courtesan of ancient Greece who lived about 600 B.C. There is a Greek legend that she built the third pyramid, but in reality it was the work of Nicotris.

A statelier pyramis to her I'll rear Than Rhodope's of Memphis^ ever was : Shakespeare : / Henry VI. Act i. Scenes t»».

The Princess.

RICHARD (the first, Coeur do Lion).

King of England, third son of Henry II. In 1189 took the vow of a crusader and in the following year proceeded to the East with Philip Augustus of France, leaving the bishop of Ely to carry on the government at home. Richard displayed valour against Saladin whom he defeated near Caesarea, but having concluded a peace set out for England. His vessel being shipwrecked on the coast of Italy, he made his way in disguise through the dominions of his natural enemy Leopold of Austria, but being recognized was arrested and handed over to the emperor, Henry VI, who confined him in a castle in the Tyrol, bound with chains. At length he was ransomed by his subjects for 150,000 marks and arrived in England in 1104. He found his dominions in great confusion owing to the intrigue of Philip of France and John his brother, but rapidly made himself master of the castles which held out for John — who submitted and was pardoned — was in 1194 crowned a second time. He is supposed about this time to have visited Robin Hood in Sherwood Forest. On May 12, 1194, he left England and invaded France with a large army, and while besieging

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the castle of Chaluz in Aquitaine was wounded. He died on April 6, 1199, and was buried in the Abbey Church, of Fontevraud.

The Foresters.

RICHARD (the Third).

King of England, son of Richard, duke of York. On the death of Edward IV he assumed the title of Pro- tector, and on July 6, 1483, was crowned king. Shortly afterwards the two princes were murdered in the Tower, there being strong suspicion that Richard himself was con- cerned in their murder. Dis- gusted with his cruelty and the usurpation of the crown, Henry, son of Edmund Tudor, who was in Brittany, was invited to invade England, and landing at Milford Haven marched to Bosworth in Leicestershire where Richard was defeated and slain, Henry being crowned king on the field.

Queen Mary.

RICHARD (de Brito). See De Brito.

RICHARD.

RICHARD GRENVILLE.

A gallant seaman in Eliza- beth's time ; took part in the defeat of the Armada. In 1591, while commanding the Revenge, engaged singlehanded the entire Spanish fleet off the Azores, and, after a desperate fight of eighteen hours, sur- rendered and was carried

wounded on board the Spanish flagship San Philip, where he died.

And the stately Spanish men to their flagship

bore him then, Where they laid him by the mast, old Sir

Pichard caught at last, And they praised him to his face with their

courtly foreign grace ;

But he rose upon their decks, and he cried : ' I have fought for Queen and Faith like a

valiant man and true ; I have only done my duty as a man is bound

to do : With a joyful spirit I Sir Richard Grenville

die ! ' And he fell upon their decks, and he died

The Revenge. • RICHARD. RICHARD LEA. RICHARD OF THE LEA.

Sir Richard Lea, father of Maid Marian.

The Foresters.

RICHARD.

That traitor to King Richard and the truth,

Richard II, king of England from 1377 to 1399.

Sir John Oldcastle, Lord Cobham.

RIDLEY (Nicholas).

Bishop of London ; descended from an ancient Northumber- land family ; became chaplain to archbishop Cranmer in 1537 and chaplain to king Henry VIII in 1541. Appointed by Edward VI bishop of Rochester, and took part in the framing of the Articles and Homilies. On the deprivation of Bonner, bishop of London, Ridley was appointed his successor. Visited the princess Mary at Hunsdon, but failed to shake her adherence to the Roman Catholic faith, and conse- quently signed the will of Ed- ward VI settling the crown on

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lady Jane Grey. On Mary's accession was deprived and sent to the Tower, thence — with Latimer and Cranmer — to Ox- ford, and on refusing to recant was condemned, and with Latimer (q.v.) burnt to death opposite Balliol College, Oxford,

1555-

Queen Mary.

RINGDOVE.

A wood-pigeon, so-called from a white ring on the neck.

Talking Oak ; Queen Mary.

ROA.

Name of a dog.

Ozvd Rod.

ROiVER.

Name of a dog.

Owd Rod.

ROB.

Name of man and 'cat.

Spinster's Sweet-arts.

ROBBY.

Name of man and cat.

Spinster's Sweet-arts.

ROBERT.

Sir Robert, mentioned by Everard Hall, during an enter- tainment at Audley Court. Francis Hale, his friend, sang a song ; Everard replying with one also, explaining

I found it in a'volume, all of songs,

Knock'd down to me, when old Sir Robert's

pride—

His books — the more the pity, so I said — Came to the hammer here in March —

Sir Robert was evidently a literary person.

Audley Court.

ROBERT.

Wedded to Letty Hill, a

millionaire's daughter. She fell in love with a man who came to spend a holiday near her home, but acting under the influence of her relatives she forsook him, to marry Sir Robert.

They wedded her to sixty thousand pounds, To lands in Kent and messuages in York, And slight Sir Robert with his watery smile And educated whisker.

Edwin Morris. ROBERT.

Grim. And one of the De Brocs is with

them, Robert, The apostate monk that was with Randull

here.

Robert de Broc. A monk. Becket.

ROBERT.

ROBERT OF JUMlfiGES.

Archbishop of Canterbury, a Norman by birth. Prior of St. Ouen at Rouen, and in 1037 was appointed Abbot. Accom- panied Edward the Confessor to England in 1043, who ap- pointed him bishop of London in the following year. Opposed the earl of Godwin with the re- sult that the earl and his family were driven into exile, but upon Godwin's return in 1052 he fled to Walton-on-the-Naze in Essex where he embarked for Normandy. Being deprived of his See, he went to Rome to lay the matter before the pope, who ordered his reinstatement, but he did not regain possession of it. On his return from Rome he went to Jumieges, where he died and was buried near the high altar of the Abbey Church. Harold.

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ROBIN.

Friend and playmate of the 4 May Queen,' who thinks she is dying, and bids farewell to her friends, of whom Robin is one.

And say to Robin a kind word, and tell him not to fret ;

* * *

If I had lived — I cannot tell — I might have been his wife ;

May Queen.

ROBIN.

Subject of a song sung by a milkmaid, beginning

Shame upon you, Robin, Shame upon you now.

Queen Mary.

ROBIN.

ROBIN HOOD.

ROBIN OF HUNTINGDON.

A famous outlaw, who, with his companions — the most noted of whom were Little John, Will Scarlet, Much, the miller's son, his chaplain, Friar Tuck, and his paramour Maid Marian — inhabited the forest of Sher- wood in Nottingham. He is identified with Robin, earl of Huntingdon, and was born at Locksley, Nottingham, in the reign of Henry II.

' In Locksly town, in merry Nottinghamshire,

In merry sweet Locksly town, There bold Robin Hood was born and was

bred, Bold Robin of famous renown.'

(Sloane MS.

He was skilled in archery, and his exploits and those of his merry men, are the subject of many ballads and tales. Robin Hood's Bay, on the east coast of Yorkshire, is said to owe its name to the tradition of Robin Hood, whose arrows shot from the tower of Whitby reached

three miles distant. He robbed the rich only, being particularly fond of pillaging prelates, whom he seems to have held in decided aversion.

These byshoppes and thyse archebyshoppea Ye shall them bete and bynde.

He gave freely to the poor, and protected the needy.

The performance of the Morrice Dance, which was so common in the fourteenth century — and to some degree still extant — has been associated with Robin Hood's forest games, and his jovial life in the green glades of Sherwood, when Robin Hood and Maid Marian and Friar Tuck were the chief char- acters, which company also included the Hobby-horse and the Fool.

The merry pranks he playd, would aske an

age to tell, And the adventures strange that Robin Hood

befell, When Mansfield many a time for Robin hath

bin layd, How he that cosned them, that him would

have betrayd ; How often he hath come to Nottingham dis-

guisd,

And cunningly escapt, being set to be surprizd. In this our spacious Isle, I thinke there is not

one, But he hath heard some talke of him and

Little John : And to the end of time, the Tales shall ne'r be

done, Of Scarlock, George a, Greene, and Much, the

Millers sonne, Of Tuck, the merry Frier, which many a Ser-

mon made, In praise of Robin Hood, his Out-lawes, and

their Trade.

Drayton : Polyolbion. Five and twentieth

Song.

He is supposed to have been intentionally bled to death at the age of eighty-seven in tl e Cistercian nunnery at Kirklees in Yorkshire, about the year 1247.

It is said that when Robin perceived the treachery which

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had been practised on him, he blew a loud blast on his bugle- horn. The call reached the ears of Little John, who hastened from the adjoining forest of Kirklees, and forced his way into the chamber where the dying chieftain lay, who, according to an old ballad, made the following request :

Give me my bent bow in my hand,

And a broad arrow I'll let flee ; And where this arrow is taken up,

There shall my grave digg'd be. Lay me a green sod under my head,

And another at my feet, And lay my bent bow by my side,

Which was my music sweet, And make my grave of gravel and green,

Which is most right and meet. Let me have length and breadth enough,

With a green sod under my head, That they may say, when I am dead,

'Here lies bold Robin Hood.' These words they readily promised him,

Which did bold Robin please, And there they buried bold Robin Hood,

Near to the fair Kirkleys.

The bow being placed in his hand by Little John, Robin discharged it through the open window, and the arrow alighted on a spot where according to tradition he was afterwards interred. On a stone within the railings surrounding the grave is the following inscription:

' Hear Underneath dis laitl stean Laz Robert earl of Huntingtun Ne'er arch- ver az hie sa geud An pipl kauld im Robin Heud Sick utlawz as hi an iz men Vil England nivr si agen Obiit 24. Kal Dekembris 1247.'

Robin Hood has been made the hero of many tales and ad- ventures by romancers and poets. The first historical allu- sion is found in Piers Plough- man, by William Langland, which, according to Skeat, cannot be older than about 1377. In 1420 Wyn-

town published his Scottish Chronicle, and at the com- mencement of the sixteenth century he is mentioned in Mair's History of Great Britain. After the introduction of the art of printing in England by Caxton in 1477, there appeared a collection of Robin Hood Ballads entitled Here beginneth a little geste of Robin Hood and his meiny : and of the 'proud Sheriff of Nottingham, and towards the end of the same century a play by Anthony Munday, The Downfall of Robert, Earl of Huntingdon, made its appear- ance. Reference is also made to him in Michael Drayton's Polyolbion, Song XXV Lincoln- shire, published about 1622. In 1821 Joseph Ritson pub- lished his Robin Hood Ballads, and some years afterwards appeared Campbell's A His- torical Sketch of Robin Hood. The Foresters. ROBIN.

Robin-redbreast, a bird with a reddish breast.

Locksley Hall ; Enoch Arden.

ROBINS.

A farm hand mentioned by an old farmer, who was fast failing, though he refused to believe so, as he had so much work to do. He said that God

' a mowt 'a taaen young Robins — a niver mended a fence :

Northern Farmer, Old Style.

ROCHESTER.

A city and seaport in Kent. Queen Mary.

ROG]

ROGER.

A servant.

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Queen Mary.

ROGER.

ROGER OF YORK.

Archbishop of York. With Be eke t was brought up at the court of Theobald, archbishop of Canterbury. In 1 148 he was made archdeacon of Canter- bury, and six years later was created archbishop of York. On the election of Becket, Roger claimed the right of consecrating him, but his claim was rejected. He however ob- tained the pope's authority to crown kings, which right was — upon Becket protesting — with- drawn. In 1170 he performed — in spite of Becket's remon- strances and the prohibition of pope Alexander III — the coro- nation ceremony of Henry IPs son. Roger was suspended, and upon Becket's return from exile crossed over to Normandy and complained to Henry that there would be no peace so long as Becket remained alive. Some authorities consider that he was mainly responsible for the murder of the archbishop, for after the murder he took an oath before the archbishop of Rouen that he was innocent of the charge, and confessed that he had not received per- mission from the pope to crown Henry's son king, and was accordingly absolved. Ob- tained permission to carry his

cross within the province of Canterbury, and at the council of Northampton in 1176 urged that the Scottish Church should be made subordinate to the See of York ; which claim pope Alexander III recognized in 1180. He died in 1181 and was buried in York Minster. Becket. ROGER ACTON.

Burnt — good Sir Roger Acton, my dear friend !

A Shropshire knight, exe- cuted for taking part in Old- castle's insurrection, 1414.

Sir John Oldcastle,

Lord Cobham. ROGERS (John).

The first Marian martyr, was born at Birmingham. Was rector of Holy Trinity Church, London, 1532-34, after which he lived for some years at Ant- werp, where he became inti- mate with Tyndale, and be- came a convert to Protestant- ism ; published at Antwerp in 1637 what is known as Matthew's Bible. Returned to England in 1548, and was appointed rector of St. Margaret's Moyses, London, and vicar of St. Sepulchre's, London. In 1555, upon the accession of Mary, he preached at St. Paul's Cross against Romanism ; was de- prived of his benefice, and imprisoned in New*gate ; and after a long term of imprison- ment was sentenced to death for heresy and burnt at Smith- field, February 1555.

Queen Mary.

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ROLF.

A Ponthieu fisherman.

Harold.

ROME.

Lucretius ; The Princess ; Boddicea ; Maud ; Com- ing of Arthur ; Garetb and Lynette ; Passing of Arthur ; Columbus ; Locks- ley Hall Sixty Years After ; To Virgil ; Freedom ; The Ring ; Romney's Remorse ; St. Telemachus ; The Dawn ; Queen Mary ; Harold ; Becket ; The Cup.

RONALD (LORD).

Betrothed to lady Clare. On the eve of his marriage he was told by the lady that he was the heir to all her lands, as she was not the daughter of the late earl, but,

I am a beggar born,' she said, ' And not the Lady Clare.'

Lord Ronald laugh'd * a laugh of merry scorn,' and assured her that even if she were not the heiress-born, on her marriage on the morrow she would still be lady Clare.

Lady Clare.

ROOD. See Holy Rood.

ROOK.

A species of crow, so called from its croak. It is black, with purple and violet reflections.

May Queen ; In Memoriam;

Marriage of Geraint ; The

Ring.

ROSA. See Monte Rosa.

ROSALIND.

The subject of a mournful song by a man in a depressed mood. He says c that Hesperus all things bringeth, soothing the wearied mind : ' that Hes- per comes in the morning, but his Rosalind cometh not morn- ing nor evening. He concludes by saying :

False-eyed Hesper, unkind, where is my swreet Rosalind .?

Leonine Elegiacs.

ROSALIND.

The writer likens a girl — Rosalind — to a bright -eyed fal- con. She is a very high-spirited girl, untamed, and also untame- able.

Rosalind.

ROSALIND.

Lo, the face again, My Rosalind in this Arden — Edith — all One bloom of youth, health, beauty, happi- ness,

The charming daughter of the banished duke in Shake- speare's As You Like it. Dressed in male attire and accompanied by her cousin Celia, she seeks her exiled father in the forest of Arden.

Sisters (Evelyn and Edith).

ROSAMUND.

ROSAMUND DE CLIFFORD.

Jane Clifford, ' Rosamund the Fair,' daughter of Walter, lord Clifford, and mistress of Henry II. She is supposed to have been a nun in Godstow nunnery, where Henry met her ; and to keep her from the eyes of queen Eleanor kept her in a bower of

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Woodstock, which was sur- rounded by a labyrinth. Here she was, by a silken thread, supposed to have been discovered and poisoned by queen Eleanor, A.D. 1177.

But nothing could this furious queen

Therewith appeased bee : The cup of deadlye poyson stronge

As she knelt on her knee, She gave this comelye dame to drinke ;

Who took it in her hand, And from her bended knee arose,

And on her feet did stand. And casting up her eyes to heaven,

She did for mercye calle ; And drinking up the poyson stronge,

Her life she lost withalle.

Her body was buried in the chapel of Godstow nunnery, where candles were kept con- tinually burning over her tomb until the bishop of Lincoln in 1191 caused them to be re- moved.

Dream of Fair Women ; Becket.

ROSE.

The daughter of a gardener who was loved by an artist. The latter gives an elaborate description of her in her youth. In conclusion he says

Behold her there,

As I beheld her ere she knew my heart, My first, last love ; the idol of my youth, The darling of my manhood,

Gardener's Daughter. ROSE.

ROSE, on this terrace fifty years ago, When I was in my June, you in your May, Two words ' My Rose ' set all your face aglow' And now that I am white, and you are gray,

Sister of Mary Boyle.

Roses on the Terrace.

ROSE. ROSETREE.

A fragrant flower and shrub of the genus Rosa of many

species and varieties. It is the favourite of poets and the national emblem of England. Ode to Memory ; A Spirit Haunts ; A Dirge ; Ade- line ; Two Voices ; (Enone ; Palace of Art ; Lotos- Eaters ; Gardener's Daugh- ter ; Day-Dream ; Lady Clare ; Vision of Sin ; Enoch Arden ; Aylmer's Field ; Lucretius ; The Princess ; City Child ; Hendecasyllabics ; The Window ; In Memoriam ; Maud ; Geraint and Enid ; Balin and Balan ; Merlin and Vivien ; Holy Grail ; Pelleas and Ettarre ; Lover's Tale ; Sir John Oldcastle, Lord Cobham ; Voyage of Maeldune; The Wreck; Ancient Sage ; Tomorrow ; Locksley Hall Sixty Tears After ; On the Jubilee of Queen Victoria ; Vastness ; The Ring ; Happy ; Rom- ney's Remorse ; Roses on the Terrace ; The Snowdrop ; Akbar^s Dream ; Queen Mary ; Harold ; Becket ; Promise of May ; The Foresters.

ROSE-CAMPION.

A garden plant with hand- some crimson flowers.

Last Tournament.

ROSE-CARNATION.

A carnation striped with rose colour.

In Memoriam.

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ROSEMARY.

A small fragrant evergreen shrub of a pungent taste growing in the countries round the Mediterranean. It is used as an emblem of fidelity or con- stancy.

There's rosemary, that's for remembrance ; Shakespeare : Hamlet, Act IV. Scene v.

Gareth and Lynette. ROSS OF LANCASTER.

Rose of Lancaster,

Red in thy birth, redder with household war, Now reddest with the blood of holy men, Redder to be, red rose of Lancaster —

= Wars of the Roses between the ho uses of York and Lancaster. Sir John Oldcastle, Lord Cobbam.

ROUND TABLE.

A Table made by Merlin the magician for Uther the pen- dragon. Uther gave it to king Leodogran, and when king Arthur married Guinevere Leodogran gave him the table with a hundred knights as a wedding present, which tradi- tion says is still preserved at Winchester. The Table would seat 150 knights and Arthur instituted an order of Knight- hood called * the Knights of the Round Table ' and each seat was appropriated. One of the seats was called the * Siege Perilous ' and was re- served for sir Galahad the Pure, the only knight who could occupy it with safety. Some accounts say that the Round Table was made in token of the roundness of the world, sug- gested by the movement of the

Great Bear round the polar star.

But now the whole ROUND TABLE is dissolved Which was an image of the mighty world ;

and others, that it was con- structed in imitation of the table used by our Lord and His disciples at the Last Supper. Round Tables were not un- usual in the feudal age, for it is placed on record that one of the kings of Ireland had his c Knights of the Round Table.' Roger de Mortimer established at Kenilworth a Round Table, and Edward III had his Round Table at Windsor said to be 200 feet in diameter. Tradi- tion affirms that the earliest use of the Round Tower at Windsor Castle was as a meeting- place for the knights of the Garter.

Morte d? Arthur ; Pelleas and Ettarre ; Last Tourna- ment ; Passing of Arthur.

RUNNYMEDE.

A meadow on the banks of the river Thames where king John signed the Magna Charta, June 15, 1215.

Third of February.

RUSSIA.

Locksley Hall Sixty Tears After. RUTH.

Fairer than Ruth among the fields of corn, See Ruth t».

Aylmer's Field.

SAATAN (Satan).

Heer wur a fall fro' a kiss to a kick like Saatan

as fell Down out o' heaven i' Hell-fire — thaw theer's

naw drinkin' i" Hell ;

Northern Cobbler.

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[ST

SAB^EAN.

'Dripping with Sabsean spice On thy pillow, lowly bent With melodious airs lovelorn, Breathing Light against thy face,

=the region of Saba in Arabia, celebrated for produc- ing aromatic plants.

Adeline.

SABINE.

but she That taught the Sabine how to rule,

Has reference to Egeria, a nymph of ancient Italy who taught Numa the Sabine, king of Rome, the way to govern. He used to meet her in a grove, in which was a well, afterwards dedicated by him to the Ca-

menae.

The Princess.

SAGRAMORE.

A knight of the Round Table. Merlin and Vivien.

SAHIB.

An Indian term to a person of rank.

Aylmer's Field.

ST. ANDREW.

One of the Apostles, brother of St. Peter. Suffered martyr- dom by crucifixion at Patrse in Achaia.

Queen Mary.

ST. JAMES.

they led Processions, chanted litanies, clash'd their

bells,

Shot off their lying cannon, and her priests Have preach'd, the fools, of this fair prince to

come ; Till, by St. James, I find myself the fool.

One of the Apostles, son of Zebedee and brother of John. Was the first martyr among the Apostles, being put to death

by Herod Agrippa. Acts xii. 2. Queen Mary.

ST. JOHN.

What saith St. John : — ' Love of this world is hatred against God.'

One of the Apostles, son of Zebedee and brother of James. Was banished to the Isle of Patmos, where he wrote the Gospel, the Epistles and the • Apocalypse.

Queen Mary.

ST. LAWRENCE.

The patience of St. Lawrence in the fire.

A deacon of the Church at Rome who suffered martyrdom by being broiled on a gridiron in the time of Valerian, 258 A.D. Queen Mary.

ST. MARY'S.

ST. MARY'S CHURCH.

A church in Oxford where archbishop Cranmer was taken to read his recantation in public, but instead of complying de- nounced the errors of the Church of Rome.

Queen Mary. ST. PAUL.

Gardiner. Word of God

In English ! over this the brainless loons That cannot spell Esaias from St. Paul, Make themselves drunk and mad, fly out and

flare Into rebellions.

Originally called Saul ; the Apostle of the Gentiles.

Queen Mary. ST. PETER.

Has reference to St. Peter,, the Apostle, originally called Simon.

Queen Mary ; Becket.

ST. VALERY.

St. V.-sur-Somme, mouth of

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the river Somme. The port from which William duke of Normandy sailed for England.

Harold. Well then, we must fight.

How blows the wind ?

Gurth. Against St. Valery

And William.

Harold. SAL.

A girl who drowned herself in a pond in Giggles by Wood because she had been disgraced.

Spinster's Sweet-Arts. SALADDEEN.

Nay, ev'n the accursed heathen Saladdeen —

Refers to Saladin, sultan of Egypt and Syria, the Saracen leader in the third crusade. Bfcktt.

SALAMANCA.

Were you at Salamanca ?

Has reference to the confer- ence held in the Convent of St. Stephen at Salamanca, in 1486, to consider the proposals of Columbus. Famous for the victory won by the duke of Wellington over the French, July 22, 1812.

Columbus.

SALEEM.

thou knowest how deep a well of love My heart is for my son, Saleem, mine heir, —

Son of Akbar, the Mogul emperor.

Akbar's Dream.

SALIQUE.

till warming with her theme She fulmined out her scorn of laws Salique And little-footed China,

The Laws Salique forbad the succession to pass through the female line. The laws origin- ated amongst the Salic or Salian Pranks, a German tribe in the

fifth century. The accession of Philip the Long to the throne of France in 1337 seems to be the first time on which it re- ceived public sanction, Edward III claiming the crown of France in right of his mother Isabella, daughter of the late king Philip V, which claims resulted in the outbreak of the Hundred Years' War between England and France.

The Princess.

SALISBURY (John of). See John of Salisbury.

SALISBURY (Bishop of). See Jocelyn.

SALLY.

The wife of a northern cobbler, who had turned to drink and ruined his home. Sally was obliged to take in washing to ' keep the wolf from the door,' and during her absence her husband found her earnings and spent it in drink. Matters got worse, and when drunk one evening he kicked his wife. Good seemed to come out of evil, for when the cobbler saw Sally walking as if lame, he was ashamed and made a promise to touch drink no more.

Northern Cobbler.

SALLY.

The dead wife of a northern farmer, who must have exerted a great deal of influence over him, for his own words are :

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[SAN

An' I hallus coom'd to 's church afoor moy Sally wur dead,

Northern Farmer, Old Style.

SALLY. SALLY ALLEN.

A servant to farmer Dobson. Promise of May.

SALTWOOD. SALTWOOD CASTLE

A castle near Hythe, in Kent. When Henry II confiscated the property of the See of Canter- bury during the time Thomas Becket (q.v!) was an exile in France, the castle was granted by the king to Randulf de Broc. Upon Becket 's return to Eng- land in 1170 he denounced and excommunicated De Broc, and hurled a candle to the floor in Canterbury Cathedral as a symbol of the extinction of the man whom he had cursed. This castle was the destination of the four knights — murderers •of Becket — upon their arrival in England from Normandy in 1170, and the place where they laid their plans for the murder of the archbishop, and having accomplished their task, rode back to the castle where they remained during the night of December 30, 1170.

They rode to Saltwood the night of the deed ; the next day to South Mailing. On entering the house they threw off their arms and trap- on the dining- table, which stood in the

hall, and after supper gathered round the blazing hearth. Suddenly the table started back and threw its burthen to the ground. The attendants, roused by the crash, rushed in with lights, and replaced the arms. But a second and still louder crash was heard, and the various articles were thrown still further off. Soldiers and servants with torches scrambled in vain under the solid table to find the cause of its convulsions, till one of the conscience-stricken knights sug- gested that it was indignantly refusing to bear thejsacrilegious burthen of their arms

— the earliest'and most memorable instance of a rapping, leaping, and moving table. Stanley : Memorials of Canterbury.

In the reign of John the castle reverted once more to the possessions of the Church, and during the twelfth and thir- teenth centuries was in the occupation of various knights as tenants of the archbishop of Canterbury. At the disso- lution of the monasteries it was voluntarily presented to Henry VIII by archbishop Cranmer. Becket.

SAM.

SAMMY.

Foolish son of a modern northern farmer, who, giving him advice as to marriage, says :

' Doant thou marry for munny, but goa wheer munny is ! '

His father also promised him that if he married ' a good ?un ' he would leave the land to him.

Northern Farmer, New Style.

SAMIAN.

whene'er she moves The Samian Here rises and she speaks A Memnon smitten with the morning Sun.'

Refers to Samos an island off Asia Minor, where a large temple in honour of Here the queen of Heaven was erected, of which remains still exist.

The Princess.

SANDERS.

A man in a crowd who was rebuked by Stephen Gardiner, bishop of Winchester, for wear- ing his cap before the queen Mary. He offered an explana- tion that he was so ' squeezed among the crowd ' he could not lift his hands to his head.

SAN]

2S6

[SAU

He refused at first to give his name to Gardiner, but after- wards said his name was Sanders, and he lived in Cornhill at the Sign of the Talbot.

Queen Mary.

SANGUELAC.

= A bloody fountain.

According to tradition a San- guelac, or a bloody fountain, is said to have sprung up on the hill of Senlac after the battle, which prompted William the Conqueror to found Battle Abbey as an atonement for the blood that had been shed, as well as for a commemoration of his victory.

Harold. SAN PHILIP.

The flagship of the Spanish fleet in the battle with sir Richard Grenville (q.v.) off the Azores in 1591.

The Revenge.

SAN SALVADOR.

An island in the West Indies on which Columbus landed on October 12, 1492. The native name was Guanahani, but Columbus changed it to San Salvador.

and last the light, the light On Guanahani ! but I changed the name ; San Salvador I call'd it;

Columbus.

SAPPHO.

arts of grace Sappho and others vied with any man :

A poetess of ancient Greece of the seventh century B.C. She was a native of Mitylene in Lebos and a contemporary of Alcaeus and of Pittacus, who

banished her from Lebos. Of her poetry only a few fragments remain.

The Princess.

SARACEN.

Whatever wealth I brought from that new- world

Should, in this old, be consecrate to lead A new crusade against the Saracen, And free the Holy Sepulchre from thrall.

A name given by the Cru- saders to the Mohammedans in the Holy Land.

Columbus ; Queen Mary ; Becket. SASSENACH WHATE.

' Ochone are ye goin' away ? ' Coin' to cut the Sassenach- whate ' he says ' over the say ' —

= English Wheat.

Tomorrow. SATRAP.

when her Satrap bled At Issus by the Syrian gates,

A governor of a province in ancient Persia.

Alexander. SATURN.

Still as, while Saturn whirls, his stedfast

shade Sleeps on his luminous ring.'

The planet of the solar system which revolves on its own axis in about loj hours. It is surrounded by a bright ring which, when the shadow Saturn is cast upon it, appears motion- less, though the body of the planet revolves.

Palace of Art. SAUL.

They say the gloom of Saul Was lighten'd by young David's harp.

The first king of Israel, son of Kish of the tribe of Ben-

jamin. SAUL. See Paul.

Queen Mary.

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SAVOY.

A duchy to the north-east of France.

Queen Mary. SCARBORO' CASTLE.

The Castle, now a ruin, was built in the reign of Stephen, and has been the scene of many stirring events. Piers Gaveston, the favourite of Edward II, sought refuge here from the barons in 1312, but the earl of Pembroke compelled him to surrender and he was beheaded. In the Pilgrimage of Grace it was unsuccessfully besieged by sir Robert Aske. During Wyatt's rebellion in the reign of Mary, sir Thomas Stafford, grandson of the duke of Buck- ingham who was an exile in France, sailed from Dieppe with two vessels manned by thirty Englishmen and landing in Yorkshire, surprised and cap- tured the castle, but three days afterwards it was retaken by the earl of Westmorland, and Stafford and all his men were executed.

Sir Thomas Stafford, a bull- headed ass, Sailing from France, with thirty Englishmen, Hath taken Scarboro' Castle, north of York ;

It was in this castle that George Fox, the first of the people called Quakers, was im- prisoned for his religious opin- ions, in the reign of Charles I. Queen Mary.

SCARLET.

Will Scarlet, one of the com- panions of Robin Hood in Sherwood Forest.

The Foresters.

SCARLETT.

Sir James Yorke Scarlett, son of James Scarlett, first baron Abinger. Appointed General and Leader of the Heavy Brigade in the Crimea, and on October 25 led the famous charge of the Heavy Brigade at Balaclava. In 1855 he was appointed to com- mand the entire British Cavalry in the Crimea.

Charge of the Heavy Brigade at Balaclava.

SCARLETT'S BRIGADE.

The brigade commanded by

sir James Yorke Scarlett ($.v)

at Balaclava, October 25, 1854.

Charge of the Heavy Brigade

at Balaclava.

SCIZZARS.

Name of a horse.

Scizzars an' Pumpy was good uns to goa

Thruf slush an' squad

When roads was bad,

But hallus ud stop at the Vine-an'-the-Hop, Fur boath on 'em knawed as well as mysen That beer be as good fur 'erses as men.

Promise of May.

SCORY (John).

A Dominican Friar born at Acle in Norfolk. On the dis- solution of the monasteries he became Chaplain to archbishop Cranmer. Created bishop of Rochester in 1551, and trans- lated to Chichester in the following year. On the acces- sion of Mary he was deprived of his living on account of being married ; was compelled by Gardiner to renounce his wife ; did penance, and received absolution ; and soon after-

SCO]

wards fled to Germany ; but returned in the reign of Eliza- beth (1558), and was created bishop of Hereford.

Queen Mary.

SCOTLAND.

Queen Mary ; Harold ; Ike Foresters.

SCOTS, MARY, QUEEN OF.

Only daughter of James V of Scotland and Mary of Guise ; became queen when only a week old. The more import- ant years of her early life were spent in France, and in 1558 she was married to the Dauphin. On the death of Mary she formally claimed the English crown on the ground that Elizabeth was illegitimate, and in 156*0 on the death of her husband returned to Scotland, having escaped the English ships of war sent out by Eliza- beth to intercept her. Some years later, in spite of protest, she married her cousin lord Darnley, a man with lack of character and ability, who found himself superseded in the Queen's counsels by David Rizzio, an Italian and court favourite, who was subsequently murdered in the presence of the queen on March 9, 1566. Three months later her only son (afterwards James VI of Scotland and I of England), was born in Edinburgh Castle. Jn February 1567, as Darnley was lying ill in a small mansion

258 [SCO

in Edinburgh it was blown up by the earl of Both well ; and the queen's subsequent marriage with the earl lent suspicion that she herself was not wholly ignorant of the plot. The nobles rose in rebellion and the queen escaped to Dun bar, but surrendering at Carberry was conveyed to Loch Leven, where she was compelled to abdicate in favour of her son who was — a few days later — crowned at Stirling. Escaping from Loch Leven castle, she found herself at the head of an army of 6,000 men, which was defeated near Glasgow, and a few days later fled to England, only to find herself a prisoner. Catholic plots were formed to liberate her and place her on the Eng- lish throne, the chief of which was the Babington plot, which had for its object the assassina- tion of Elizabeth. Letters in Mary's handwriting approving of the assassination were found, and in September 1586 she was brought to trial. Sentence of death was passed on October 25 of the same year, but it was not until February I, 1587, that Elizabeth signed the death warrant. The execution took place on the 8th of the same month and her body was buried at Peterborough. In 1612 it was removed to Henry VI IPs chapel at Westminster, where it now lies in a tomb erected by her son James.

Queen Mary.

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SCOTT.

Sir Walter Scott, the Scottish novelist, to whom the poem The Bandit's Death is dedicated. Bandit's Death.

SCRATBY.

He'll niver swap Owlby an' Scratby fur owl but the Kingdom o' Heaven ;

Church-warden and the Curate.

SCRITCH-OWL.

= the Barn or screech-owl, so called from its screeching cry, and superstitiously re- garded as a bird of evil men. The Foresters. 'SDEATH.

= An exclamation of anger. Corrupted from God's death. The Princess. SEAL.

Ilcannot cease to follow you, as they say The seal does music ;

An aquatic carnivorous mam- mal of the family Phocida. Like other animals, the seal is said to be strongly attracted by musical sounds.

The Princess.

SEAMEW— SEA-MEW.

= The sea-gull.

In Memoriam ; Harold.

SEA-SNAKE.

= A sea-serpent.

The Mermaid. SEELING.

Yet while they rode together down the plain Their talk was all of training, terms of art, Diet and seeling, jesses, leash and lure.

Has reference to the custom of closing the eyes of a hawk by sewing the eyelids together. This custom was in time superseded by hoods.

Merlin and Vivien.

SEINE.

Proclaiming social truth shall spread, And justice, ev'n tho' thrice again \ The red fool-fury of the Seine

Should pile her barricades with dead.

— The Red Republicanism of France.

In Memoriam. SENESCHAL.

==A steward. An officer in the house of a prince in the Mediaeval ages who had the su- perintendence of functions, etc. The Falcon ; Gareth and Lynette ; Marriage of Geraint ; Last Tournament.

SENLAC. SENLAC HILL.

A hill near Hastings where the battle of Senlac — between Harold and William of Nor- mandy— was fought on October 14, 1066. Battle Abbey, which stands upon the spot where Harold fell, was founded by William to commemorate this battle.

Harold.

SENS.

A French town. Its original building is the Gothic cathedral of St. Stephen, where are pre- served the vestments of Thomas Becket.

Becket.

SERPENT.

A general term for any reptile of the order Ophidia.

Alexander ; In Memoriam ; Geraint and Enid ; Holy Grail ; Locksley Hall Sixty Tears After ; Demeter and Persephone.

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SEVERN.

The Danube to the Severn gave

The darken'd heart that beat no more : They laid him by the pleasant shore,

And in the hearing of the wave.

Arthur Henry Hallam died at Vienna on the Danube, and was buried at Clevedon on the Severn.

In Memoriam.

SEVERN.

but, last,

Allowing it, the Prince and Enid rode, And fifty knights rode with them , to the shores Of Severn, and they past to their own land :

King Arthur's Court being held at Caerleon-upon-Usk, it was necessary for the knights who attended to cross the Severn when returning to their homes.

Marriage of Geraint ; Geraint and Enid.

SEVILLE.

Let us bang these dogs of Seville, the children of the devil,

A city of Spain and the port from which the squadron which fought sir Richard Grenville off the Azores in 1591 was fitted out.

The Revenge.

SHAKESPEARE.

A famous English poet, and the greatest of dramatists.

Palace of Art ; Ton might have won ; In Memoriam ; To E. Fitzgerald ; To W. C. Macready.

SHALOTT, ISLAND OF.

The enchanted island on which was situated the castle in which dwelt the lady of Shalott (q.v.)

Lady of Shalott.

SHALOTT, LADY OF. See Lady of Shalott.

SHAMUS. SHAMUS O'SHEA.

Friend of Danny O'Roon, both of whom were frequent visitors to Katty's shebeen. Shamus loved Molly Magee and

'Ud 'a shot his own sowl dead for a kiss of ye» Molly Magee.

Tomorrow.

SHEBA.

No, not to answer, Madam, all [those" hard

things That Sheba came to ask of Solomon.'

Refers to the queen of Sheba's visit to Solomon at Jerusalem. I Kings x. 1-13.

The Princess.

SHEBEEN.

= A grog-shop.

Tomorrow.

Becket.

SHE-GOAT.

= A female goat.

SHELLEY.

My Shelley would fall from my hands when he cast a contemptuous glance

From where he was poring over his Tables of Trade and Finance ;

= The poems of Percy Bysshe Shelley.

The Wreck.

SHEPHERD-DOG.

A dog specially trained to help in tending sheep.

Leonine Elegiacs.

SHERWOOD. SHERWOOD FOREST.

Originally a royal forest sit.uated in the west of the county of Nottingham, but is

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now almost disafforested, being occupied by gentlemen's resi- dences, the town of Mansfield, and several villages. It was the scene of the exploits of the famous outlaw Robin Hood and his merry men, and of several conflicts during the Wars of the Roses.

The Foresters.

SHIAH.

And warms the blood of Shiah and Sunnee, Symbol the Eternal !

On the death of Mahomet the Church which he had founded was divided into two sections, the Shiahs and the Sunnees. The former are the champions of All, the fourth Califf, Ma- homet's nephew, and recog- nized the right of succession to the prophet to rest with him and his descendants. The Per- sians belong to this sect. The Sunnees, or Sunnites, accept the teaching of the Prophet as of the same authority as the Koran, as their rule of faith and manners, and accept the four Califs — Abu Beker, Omar, Othman and Ali — as the true successors of Mahomet. To this sect the Turks belong.

Akbar's Dream.

SHREW.

A .small animal resembling a mouse, but having a longer and more pointed nose.

Gareth and Lynette.

SHRIKE.

A bird of the family Laniida having a strong hooked bill. It

impales its prey on thorns, hence it is called also the butcher bird.

Maud.

SHUSHAN.

O Vashti, noble Vashti ! Summon'd out She kept her state, and left the drunken king To brawl at Shushan underneath the palms. See Esther Hi. 15.

The Princess. SICILIAN.

Poet-like, as the great Sicilian called Calliope to grace his golden verse —

Theocritus, the bucolic poet of Greece, born at Syracuse, in the third century, B.C. His poems, some thirty in number, are pictures of Sicilian life, and are much admired for their beauty and elegance. The date of his death is not known, but it is supposed that for having written some satire of Hiero, king of Syracuse, he was by this king ordered to be strangled in 300 B.C.

Lucretius.

SICILY.

Queen Mary.

SIEGE PERILOUS.

The Round Table made by Merlin contained 150 sieges. One of these was called the ' Siege Perilous ' and was re- served for the knight who achieved the quest of the Holy Grail. The Round Table is supposed to have been an imita- tion of the Table of the Holy Grail made by Joseph of Arima- thaea, but whether the vacant seat represented the one in which Christ Himself sat, or the traitor Judas, opinions differ

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Every seat at the table was in- scribed with the name of its occupant, and the name on the ' Siege Perilous ' was ' Gala- had the Pure.'

Holy Grail.

SIGN OF THE TALBOT.

An Inn sign.

Queen Mary.

SILENT ISLE. See Maeldune.

Voyage of Maeldune.

SIMEON.

SIMEON STYLITES.

A famous monk — founder of a class of recluses, called ' Pillar- saints ' — who lived in extreme seclusion in a Syrian monastery for nine years. At the end of that time he retired to the Syrian desert, where he lived for thirty years on the top of a pillar seventy-two feet high, engaged in prayer and preach- ing. He died on his pillar at the age of seventy-two and was buried at Antioch. Gib- bon's Decline and Fall of the Roman Em-pire gives an account of this monk.

St. Simeon Stylites.

SIMOIS.

A river of Troy which has its origin in mount Ida. It joins the Scamander, wThich also has its source in the same mountain, in the plain of Troas, and flowing north-east falls into the Hellespont.

(Enone.

SIMON.

SIMON RENARD.

Spanish ambassador to the English court, time of queen Mary.

Queen Mary.

SINAI.

But in the darkness and the cloud, As over Sinai's peaks of old, While Israel made their gods of gold,

Altho' the trumpet blew so loud.

= True Faith is enveloped with perplexity, as God wa? hidden in the cloud of fire and smoke on Mount Sinai. Exodus xix. 1 6.

In Memoriam.

S1NNATUS.

Sinnatus was a libertine,, tetrarch of Galatia, but being suspected of infidelity to Rome Antonius, a Roman General, was sent to investigate his honour, and was accompanied by an ex-tetrarch, named Synorix. Some time before he held the tetrarchy, Synorix had become enamoured with Cammar the beautiful wife of Sinnatus, a priestess of Artemis, but being unable to win her by persuasion or force, perpetrated a dreadful deed. He sent to Camma a golden cup embossed with the figure of Artemis, and then by chance fell in with Sinnatus in a hunting expedition. At the end of the day's sport Sinnatus invited Synorix to his house ; where the traitor excited Gamma's fear by swearing that Antonius knew Sinnatus to be false to Rome, and begged her to ask for mercy for her hus-

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band at the hands of the Roman General. Camma presented herself at the camp, but instead of Antonius she found Synorix. Drawing her dagger against him, she was disarmed, and Sinnatus rushing to the rescue was slain by Synorix. Camma fled to the Temple for safety, and was subsequently installed Priestess, and Synorix who had been appointed Prince of Galatia, asked for her hand. She accepted him, and crowned herself queen of Galatia ; but Camma, learning how treacher- ously Synorix had deceived her, poisoned the libation in the cup which Synorix had handed to her ; and after she had drunk a portion of the liquid she bade him drink the rest ; after he had done so she burst into a fierce thanksgiving that she had been permitted to avenge the death of her mur- dered husband, and she and her would-be betrayer died together.

The Cup. SIRENS.

O sister, Sirens tho' they be, were such

As chanted on the blanching bones of men ?

In Greek mythology, the Sirens were sea-nymphs, the virgin daughters of Phorcys. They dwelt on the shores of an island between Circe's isle and Scylla, and sang with such sweetness that they allured and infatuated all who passed by to draw near, but only to meet with death. In Homer there are two, in later writers three, their names being Ligeia,

Parthenope, and Leucothea. The Princess.

SIRIUS.

A dog-star, the brightest star in the heavens and one of the stars of the southern Constella- tion.

The Princess. SIRMIO.

The ancient name of modern. Sirmione, on the Lago di Garda,

Prater Ave Atque Vale. SIRMIONE.

Gazing at the Lydian laughter of the Garda

Lake below Sweet Catullus's all-but-island, olive-silvery

Sirmio!

A promontory which pro- jects from the southern shore of Lake Garda, and still con- tains the ruins of a villa said to have been the country- house of Catullus, who wrote his poems there. Here Tennyson wrote his Prater Ave Atque Vale. F rater Ave Atque Vale.

SIX HUNDRED.

Consisted of the I3th Light Dragoons, the I7th Lancers, the nth Hussars, the 4th Light Dragoons, and the 8th Hussars, known as the Light Brigade who made the famous charge at the battle of Balaclava,

HALF a league,' half a league,

Half a league onward, All in the valley of Death

Rode the six hundred. ' Forward, the Light Brigade ! Charge for the guns ! ' he said : Into the valley of Death

Rode the six hundred.

Charge of the Light Brigade.

SKIPWORTH.

A farm labourer.

Promise of May,

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SKYLARK.

A lark that mounts towards the sky, and sings on the wing. Miller's Daughter.

SLEUTH-HOUND.

A hound that tracks game by the scent ; a bloodhound.

Gareth and Lynette.

SLOE.

SLOE-TREE.

= The Blackthorn.

The Flight; To Mary Boyle ; Amfhion.

SLOW-WORM.

= the blind-worm, a reptile that feeds on earth-worms. According to Skeat a slay-worm. Aylmer's Field.

SMITH (Dan). See Dan Smith.

SNAKE.

= a serpent.

Queen Mary ; (Enone ; Poet's Song ; The Princess ; Marriage of Geraint ; Mer- lin and Vivien ; Holy Grail ; Pelleas and Et- tarre ; Last Tournament ; Lover's Tale ; Death of (Enone ; St. Telemachus ; Becket.

SNIPE.

A bird of the family Scolo- <pacid&, having a long, straight, flexible bill.

On a Mourner.

SNOWDON.

A mountain in North Wales.

Golden Tear. SNOWDROP.

A bulbous plant with a white

bell-shaped flower, which often appears while the snow is on the ground.

May Queen ; St. Agnes' Eve ; The Princess ; Last Tournament; Early Spring; Progress of Spring.

SOLECISMS.

A name given to the incon- gruity of language in the combination of a sentence. Supposed to have been derived from the city of Soli in Cilicia, whose inhabitants — in conse- quence of their intercourse with the natives — spoke very bad Greek.

The Princess.

SOLENT.

So Harry went over the Solent to see if work could be found ;

Separates the Isle of Wight from the mainland.

First Quarrel.

SOLOMON.

No, not to answer, Madam, all those hard

things That Sheba came to ask of Solomon.'

Refers to the queen of Sheba's visit to Solomon at Jerusalem. I Kings x. 1-13.

The Princess. SOLOMON.

but had I brought

From Solomon's now-recover'd Ophir all The gold that Solomon's navies carried home Would that have gilded me?

See i Kings x. 2.

See Ophir.

Columbus.

SOMERSET— SOMERSETSHIRE.

Marriage of Geraint; Pro- mise of May.

SOOMERSET (Somerset).

Promise of May.

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SOUDAN.

WARRIOR of God, man's friend, and tyrant's

foe, Now somewhere dead far in the waste Soudan,

Refers to the death of general Gordon at Khartoum. Epitaph on General Gordon.

SOUTHWARK.

Queen Mary.

SPAIN.

The Revenge ; Columbus ; The Wreck; The Ring; Queen Mary.

SPANIEL.

A sporting dog, having long and thick hair and large droop- ing ears.

Promise of May.

SPARHAWK.

=the sparrow-hawk.

Sir Launcelot and Queen Guinevere. SPARROW.

A small bird of the family Fringillidee.

Mariana ; Amphion ; The Window ; Maud ; Marri- age of Geraint.

SPARROW-GRASS.

A corruption of Asparagus. Spinster's Sweet-Arts.

SPARROW-HAWK.

= A small European hawk. Marriage of Geraint.

SPARTAN.

and why should I not play The Spartan Mother with emotion, be The Lucius Junius Brutus of my kind ?

Has reference to the idea prevalent among the Spartans that man lived for his country's

welfare and must make any sacrifice in its behalf.

The Princess.

SPEEDWELL.

A plant with blue, white, or pink flowers. Promise of May ; In Memoriam.

SPHINX.

and that smooth rock Before it, altar fashion'd, where of late The woman-breasted Sphinx, with wings

drawn back, Folded her lion paws, and look'd to Thebes.

A monster, the daughter of Chimera, represented with the body of a winged lion and breast and head of a maiden. Juno sent her to Thebes, and taking up her abode upon a rock near the city asked every passer-by the following conundrum : 4 What creature walks upon four legs in the morning, upon two at noon, and upon three in the evening ? ' and all those who were unable to answer it she punished by throwing them from the rock. CEdibus, son of Laius, however, succeeded in solving the riddle rightly, whereupon she flung herself from the rock and was dashed

to pieces.

Tiresias.

SPIDER.

A web-spinning, apterous in- sect of the class Arachnida.

The Princess ; Merlin and Vivien ; Becket ; The Foresters.

SPLUGEN.

What more ? we took our last adieu, And up the snowy Splugen drew,

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But ere we reach'd the highest summit I pluck'd a daisy, I gave it you.

An Alpine pass in the Grisons. The Daisy.

SQUIRREL.

A reddish-brown rodent ani- mal, with a long tufted tail. The Princess ; Lover's Tale ; Prologue to General Hamley ; The Foresters.

STAFFORD (Sir Thomas). See Thomas Stafford.

STAG.

A male red-deer.

Becket; The Cup; The Foresters. STAG-TUCKEY.

= A turkey-cock. Church-warden and the Curate.

STAMFORD-BRIDGE.

A village on the river Der- went, where king Harold de- feated Harold Hardrada (q.v.) king of Norway on September 25, 1066.

Harold. STAMFORD-TOWN.

Weeping, weeping late and early,

Walking up and pacing down, Deeply mourn'd the Lord of Burleigh,

Burleigh-house by Stamford-town.

A town in Lincolnshire. Lord of Burleigh.

STANDARD.

= A tree not supported or attached to a wall.

The Blackbird.

STATES.

He's gone to the States, aroon, an' he's married

another wife, An" ye'll niver set eyes an the face of the

thraithur agin in life !

= United States.

Tomorrow.

STEER.

A farmer.

Promise of May.

STEER (Dora). See Dora, Dora Steer.

STEERS (Family of).

Promise of May.

STEEVIE.

Name of a man and a cat.

Spinster's Sweet-Arts.

STEPHEN (Saint).

The first martyr of the Christian church, stoned to death, A.D. 33. See Acts vii.

Two Voices. STEPHEN.

Name of the lover of the speaker in the poem.

The Wreck. STEPHEN.

King of England, son of Stephen, earl of Blois, and Adela, daughter of William the Con- queror ; crowned at West- minster 1135. Matilda (q.v.) daughter of Henry I, and wife of emperor Henry IV, was the legitimate heir to the throne, but Stephen, taking advantage of her absence, obtained posses- sion of it. Matilda landed in England in 1139 and in 1142 Stephen was taken prisoner at the battle of Lincoln by the earl of Gloucester, and sent to Bristol, but was subsequently released in exchange for Glou- cester— who had been captured by the friends of Stephen — and again crowned 1141. Eventu- ally peace was concluded by which it was agreed that

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Matilda's son Henry should be Stephen's successor. For several years he was in conflict with Rome, whereby an inter- dict was laid upon the kingdom in 1148, and some years later failed to obtain the pope's sanc- tion to the crowning of his son Eustace. He died in 1154, and was buried in Feversham Abbey, which he had founded.

Becket.

STEPHEN GARDINER. See

Gardiner.

STIGAND.

Archbishop of Canterbury. A Saxon prelate who was created bishop of the East Angles in 1038 by Edward the Confessor. Soon after was deprived, but reinstated in 1044. Created bishop of Winchester in 1047 and in 1052 was trans- lated to Canterbury, but al- though pope Benedict sent him the Pall, his appointment was generally looked upon as uncan- onical.

Old uncanonical Stigand — ask of me Who had my pallium from an Antipope !

On the death of Harold he supported Edgar Atheling, but eventually submitted and crowned William I at West- minster. Some years later he was deprived and sentenced to perpetual imprisonment. He died shortly afterwards and was buried in Winchester Abbey.

Harold. STOAT.

An animal of the weasel tribe,

called the ermine when in its winter dress.

Garetb and Lynette.

STOCK-DOVE.

A wild pigeon, so called from its breeding in the stocks, or trunks, of trees.

Promise of May. STORK.

A long-necked and long- legged wading-bird, allied to the heron.

Talking Oak.

STRASBURG.

Cranmer. To Strasburg, Antwerp, Frank- fort, Zurich, Worms,

Geneva, Basle — our Bishops from their sees Or fled, they say, or flying —

The capital of Alsace-Lor- raine.

Queen Mary.

STRATO.

A Greek name assumed by Synorix.

The Cup.

STYLITES. See Simeon, Simeon Stylites.

SUCCORY.

A plant of the genus Cichor- ium, having bright blue flowers. Corrupted from chicory.

Promise of May.

SUFFOLK (Duke of).

Henry Grey, duke of Suffolk, marquis of Dorset, father of lady Jane Grey. Supported lady Jane Grey's accession to the throne, but relinquishing her cause was pardoned by Mary ; joined the insurrection

:SUF]

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against the Spanish marriage and was executed for treason, 1554. Queen Mary.

SUFFOLK (Lady).

C&urtenay. — made you follow

The Lady Suffolk and the Lady Lennox ? — You, The heir presumptive.

Queen Mary.

SUMNER-CHACE.

Talking Oak.

SUMNER-PLACE.

Talking Oak.

SUNFLOWER.

A plant of the genus Heli- anthus, so-called from its flower, which is a large disc, with yellow rays.

A Spirit Haunts ; In

Memoriam.

SUNNEE. See Shiah.

SUSSEX.

Harold ; Prologue to General Hamley. SETTEE.

Nor in the field without were seen or heard Fires of Suttee, nor wail of baby-wife, Or Indian widow ;

A custom prevalent in India for about two thousand years, by which a widow upon the death of her husband burned herself on his funeral pyre.

The Emperor Akbar decreed that every widow who showed the least desire not to be burnt on her husband's funeral pyre should be let free and unharmed.'

Poets Note.

The custom was prohibited in 1829 under lord William Ben- tinck's administration.

Akbar'' s Dream.

SWALE.

SWALLER.

= A swallow.

Promise of May.

SWALLOW.

A migratory bird of the family Hirundinidae, with long pointed wings.

Dying Swan ; May Queen ; Edwin Morris ; Poets Song; The Brook; The Princess ; The Window ; Maud ; Coming of Arthur ; Ancient Sage ; The Ring ; Progress of Spring ; Queen Mary ; Harold ; Becket ; The Foresters.

SWAN.

A large aquatic fowl of the genus Cygnus9 having a long neck, and noted for its graceful movements in the water.

Dying Swan ; Palace of Art ; Morte d> Arthur ; Tithonus ; Lancelot and Elaine ; Holy Grail ; Pass- ing of Arthur ; Queen Mary.

SWEET-GALE.

A shrub having bitter frag- rant leaves that grows in marshy places.

Edwin Morris.

SWIFT.

A bird swallow.

resembling the Coming of Arthur.

= A river.

Harold.

SYCAMORE.

A large tree, allied to the common fig.

Becket ; Audley Court ; In Memoriam.

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SYLLA.

I thought that all the blood by Sylla shed Came driving rainlike down again on earth,

Lucius Cornelius Sulla, a Roman of patrician birth and leader of the aristocratic party in Rome. In 93 B.C. he was praetor, and in 92 B.C. governor of Cilicia. Marcus having re- volted against the Senate, Sulla marched to Rome, outlawed Marcus and re-established the power of the Senate. After taking part in several cam- paigns in Epirus and at Orcho- menus, he won the battle of the Colline Gate, outside the walls of Rome, and for having been proscribed he set himself to extirpate his political oppo- nents and caused himself to be proclaimed Dictator in 81 B.C. ; resigned the dictatorship in 79 B.C., and retired into private life (138-79 B.C.) Lucretius. SYLVESTER.

And rail'd at all the Popes, that ever since Sylvester shed the venom of world-wealth Into the church, had only prov'n themselves Poisoners, murderers.

Sylvester the first, pope of Rome from 314-335 A.D.

Sir John Oldcastle,

Lord Cobbam. SYNORIX.

An ex-Tetrarch of Galatia. See Sinnatus. SYRIAN GATES.

A Pass across mount Taurus by which Alexander the Great entered Cilicia.

Alexander. TAATE.

= potato. Northern Cobbler;

Village Wife.

TABLE ROUND. See Round Table.

TABOO.

A Polynesian word meaning 'To forbid.'

The Princess ; Ka-piolani.

TABOR.

A mountain in Galilee which,, according to tradition, was the scene of the Transfiguration, but has little evidence in its favour. A church — now in ruins — built by the Crusaders to commemorate the event crowns the summit.

Queen Mary. TALBOT.

A large-eared hound, usually white.

Holy Grail. TALIESSIN.

A celebrated Welsh Poet who lived in the sixth century. The village of Taliesin, in Car- diganshire, is supposed to be built on the site of his grave. Was one of the first poets to celebrate the deeds of king Arthur.

Holy Grail. TALLYHO.

Name of a horse.

The Brook. TAMES A.

Bloodily flow'd the Tamesa rolling phantom bodies of horses and men ;

The ancient name of the river Thames.

Boddicea. TANTIVY.

Name of a horse.

The Brook. TARANIS.

Till the face of Bel be brighten'd, Taranis be propitiated.

A god to whom the ancient

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Britons did sacrifice. Equated with the Roman Jupiter.

Boadicea. TARQUIN.

When, brooking not the Tarquin in her veins, She made her blood in sight of Collatine And all his peers,

' The Tarquin ' here = Sextus, the blood of Sextus.

Lucretius. TARQUIN.

That your own people cast you from then- bounds,

For some unprincely violence to a woman, As Rome did Tarquin.

Tarquin the second, seventh king of Rome. He was, to- gether with his family, expelled about 510 B.C., on account of the outrage committed by his son Sextus on Lucretia, wife of Tarquinius Collatinus. He made several attempts to regain his throne, but being finally defeated fled to Cumae, where he died.

The Cup. TEL-EL-KEBIR.

The scene of a memorable victory by the British forces under sir Garnet Wolseley over the Egyptian troops of Arabi Pasha, September 13, 1882. Prologue to General Hamley.

TELEMACHUS.

Son of Ulysses and Penelope. He was an infant when his father went to the Trojan war, and after twenty years' absence Telemachus went to seek him. Having visited Pylos and Sparta he returned to Ithaca, where his mother's suitors conspired to murder him, but under the

guidance of Pallas Athene he discovered his father, and they together succeeded in slaying the suitors. Upon his father's death he married Cassiphone, and some time after had the misfortune to kill his mother- in-law ; he fled to Italy and founded Clusium.

Ulysses.

TELEMACHUS (Saint).

An eastern monk, who went to Rome A.D. 404 to protest against the cruelties of the amphitheatre. He sprang into the arena, and endeavoured to separate the gladiators, but was stoned to death by the spectators. His act and death led to the abolition of the exhibitions.

St. Telemachus.

TEMPLE BAR.

A famous London gateway. Rebuilt after the great fire by Wren in 1660-73, it was re- moved in 1878-79, and re- erected in Theobald's Park, Cheshunt, in 1888.

Queen Mary.

TENERIFFE.

The great flame-banner by Teneriffe,

Has reference to the Pico-de- Teyde, a famous volcanic mountain in the island of Teneriffe, which was in erup- tion when Columbus sailed past the island on the night of August 23-24, 1492.

Columbus*

TETRARCH.

A governor of the fourth part

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of a country under the Roman empire. Herod Antipas and Philip were called Tetrarchs because they ruled the fourth part of the former kingdom of their father Herod the Great. See Matthew xiv. and Luke Hi.

The Cup. TETRARCHY.

Part of a province under a Tetrarch.

The Cup. THAMES.

Will Waterproofs Lyrical Monologue ; Queen Mary ; Harold.

THANE.

In Anglo-Saxon times a title of a dignitary.

Harold.

THEBES.

An ancient city of Greece. The walls of Thebes were anciently believed to have arisen to the music of fairy harps. See Amphion. The city was besieged and taken by Alexander the Great. The walls were broken down, and not a single building was left standing, except the house of Pindar, the Greek poet, whose songs Alexander had always admired.

Tire si as.

THEOBALD.

Archbishop of Canterbury ; of Norman blood. Appointed to Canterbury in 1137 and joined Matilda against Stephen, but on the latter's release from prison submitted and crowned

him at Canterbury ; attended the pope's council at Rheims in 1148, although forbidden by Stephen ; upon his return was deprived and fled to France ; returned and became recon- ciled to Stephen ; refused to crown Stephen's son Eustace, was imprisoned, but escaping fled to Flanders ; recalled and brought about a peace between Matilda and Stephen, and on his deathbed recommended to Henry II Thomas Becket as his successor.

Becket.

THEODOLIND.

Queen of the Lombards, and wife, first of king Authari (A.D. 589), and then of Agilulf. The Daisy.

THERMOPYLAE.

= ' the hot gates.' A famous pass in Greece, leading from Thessaly into Locris and Phocis. Celebrated for a battle which was fought there B.C. 480, between Xerxes and the Greeks; also of Greece's struggles against Brennus and the Gauls, 6.0.279. Third of February.

THESSALIAN.

And I will work in prose and rhyme, And praise thee more in both

Than bard has honour'd beech or lime, Or that Thessalian growth,

Has reference to the oracular oaks of Dodona in Epirus. Do dona was an ancient Greek religious centre with a temple dedicated to Zeus, and the priests interpreted the will of the god by the wind rustling

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through the leaves of the oak or beech trees.

Talking Oak. THIMBLEBY.

A notorious character who was with Noaks when a keeper was shot dead. For the crime Noaks was hanged.

Noaks or Thimbleby — toaner 'ed shot 'um as

dead as a naail. Noaks wur 'anged for it oop at 'soize — but git

ma my aale.

Northern Farmer, Old Style.

THIRLBY.

Thomas Thirlby, the only bishop of Westminster, and successively bishop of Norwich and Ely ; as prolocutor to Canterbury Convocation he signed the decree annulling Henry VIIPs marriage with Anne of Cleves, 1540 ; and the same year was created bishop of Westminster. In 1543 and 1545 he was ambassador to the emperor Charles V of Spain ; opposed the Act of Uniformity ; appointed to Norwich 1550, and in 1554 translated to Ely by Mary ; presided at the trial of bishop Hooper ; ambassador to the pope 1555 ; assisted at the degradation of Cranmer in 1556. On the accession of Elizabeth he refused to take the oath of supremacy, deposed 1559 ; anc* continuing to preach against the Reformation was imprisoned 1560 (1506-1570).

Queen Mary. THISTLE.

A genus of prickly plants. The national emblem of Scot- land.

Amphion ; Will Water- proofs Lyrical Monologue ; Ode on the death of the Duke of Wellington ; Mar- riage of Geraint ; Last Tournament ; Guinevere ; Spinster's Sweet- Arts; Rifle- men form !

THOMAS.

THOMAS BECKET.

Son of Gilbert Becket. He was educated at Merton Priory and in 1142 entered the house- hold of Theobald, archbishop of Canterbury ; promoted the cause of Henry II against Stephen's son Eustace ; and thus won the favour of that king who in 1155 made him Lord Chancellor ; supported Henry's campaign in Toulouse where he displayed great valour. Upon the death of Theobald, archbishop of Canterbury, he was appointed to the vacant See, and resigned the office of Lord Chancellor. Like all the Norman kings Henry en- deavoured to keep the clergy subordinate to the State and called upon the bishops to sign the ( customs.' Becket re- fused, but afterwards upon an order from pope Alexander III submitted, but refused to seal the Constitution of Clarendon in 1164. In the same year he was summoned to a council at Northampton, to account for various sums of money received by him during his capacity as Chancellor. He appeared at

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the Council arrayed in his robes, and holding in his hand his cross appealed to the pope ; but judgment being given against him he left the palace, stole away by night, and reaching Sandwich put off in a little boat and reached the Flemish coast. During his six years' exile in France he resided at Pontigny Abbey and at Sens, while Henry confiscated the property of his See. In 1170 he had an interview with Henry at Freteval, in which the king promised to give him the * kiss of peace ' when they met in England, and on December I of the same year Becket landed at Sandwich and immediately excommunicated the archbishop of York and the bishops of London and Salisbury for having crowned Henry's son king. Fresh quarrels broke out and Henry, in a fit of passion, ex- claimed ' of all the cowards that eat my bread, is there none will rid me of this turbu- lent priest ? ' Four knights — Reginald Fitzurse (q.v.), William de Tracy (q.v.), Hugh de Mor- ville (q.v.) and Richard de Brito (q.v.) overheard these hasty words and leaving Nor- mandy entered Canterbury Cathedral on December 29, 1170, and demanded from Becket the absolution of the bishops whom he had excom- municated and an acknowledg- ment of the king's supremacy ; and upon Becket's refusal slew

him before the altar of St. Benedict in the North Transept. Two years afterwards he was canonized, and in 1220 his bones were exhumed from the nave in the crypt and enshrined in a chapel in the cathedral, where they were for three centuries a favourite object of pilgrimage.

Queen Mary ; Becket.

THOMAS GRESHAM.

Sir Thomas Gresham, son of sir Richard Gresham and founder of the Royal Exchange and the Gresham College.

Queen Mary.

THOMAS HOWARD.

Lord Thomas Howard, first earl of Suffolk ; distinguished himself against the Spanish Armada in 1588 and com- manded the squadron which was attacked by the Spanish Fleet off the Azores in 1591 ; created earl of Suffolk in 1603 by James I ; lord high treasurer in 1614, and in 1618 was fined and imprisoned for embezzle- ment.

The Revenge.

THOMAS OF CANTERBURY.

See Thomas, Thomas Becket.

THOMAS STAFFORD.

Son of lord Stafford and a relative of cardinal Pole ; op- posed the Spanish marriage and was compelled to seek refuge in France. During the Wyatt insurrection sailed from Dieppe with two ships manned T

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by thirty Englishmen, and landing in Yorkshire surprised and captured Scarborough Castle, but three days after- wards it was retaken by the earl of Westmorland, and Stafford and all his followers were executed.

Sir Thomas Stafford, a bull-headed ass, Sailing from France, with thirty Englishmen, Hath taken Scarboro' Castle, north of York.

Queen Mary.

THOMAS WHITE.

Sir Thomas White, founder of St. John's College, Oxford, born at Reading. Became a London merchant and a mem- ber of the Merchant Taylors' Company. In 1544 he was elected an Alderman for Corn- hill, but refusing to serve was committed to Newgate. In 1547 he was appointed Sheriff and some years later (1554) was elected Lord Mayor of London. He sat on the Com- mission for the trial of lady Jane Grey, received the Spanish envoys and restored the custom of going in procession to St. Paul's Cathedral to attend high mass. Upon the outbreak of the Wyatt rebellion Mary ap- pealed to the loyalty of the citizens of London, who in response undertook to raise a force of 1,000 men for its defence. These precautions taken by the Mayor and Council prevented Wyatt from entering the city, the rebels being re- pulsed from Southwark Bridge by White, who arrested the marquis of Northampton, and

presided over the Commission at the trial of Wyatt and his adherents. In 1544 an attempt was made to assassinate him whilst attending St. Paul's, caused by his issuing a pro- clamation that the citizens of London should follow the Roman Catholic religion. In the following year he obtained the royal licence to found St. John's College, Oxford, and subsequently went to reside in that city. He died in February 1567 and was buried in the College Chapel (1492-1567). Queen Mary. THOMAS WYATT.

Sir Thomas Wyatt, the younger son of sir Thomas Wyatt the elder. When a boy he accompanied his father to Spain, where the elder sir Thomas was threatened by the inquisition.

I know Spain. I have been there with my father ; I have seen them in their own land ; have marked the haughtiness of their nobles ; the cruelty of their priests.

On the death of his father in 1542 he succeeded to the title and estates, and in the following year was arrested with the earl of Surrey and others for having eaten meat during Lent, and committed to the Tower, where he re- mained for about a month. When the announcement of the marriage of Mary with Philip was made, Wyatt regarded it as a national danger, and re- ceiving an invitation from Courtenay, earl of Devon, to join in an insurrection for the

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purpose of preventing it, under- took to raise the county of Kent. Making Rochester his headquarters he marched to Blackheath at the head of four thousand men. Being pro- claimed a traitor some two thousand men were enrolled for the protection of the city of London, bridges over the Thames were either strongly guarded or broken down and a reward set upon his head.

Wyottt (reads). ' Whosoever will appre- hend the traitor Thouas Wyatt shall have a hundred pounds for reward."

On February 3, 1554, he entered Southwark, but many of his followers deserting him was compelled to evacuate it, marched to Kingston where he arrived on February 6, thence through Kensington and reached Ludgate on the morn- ing of February 8. Finding the gate shut against him he retreated to Temple Bar, and finding his cause was lost surrendered. He was taken to the Tower, tried for high treason, condemned and be- headed on Tower Hill, April n, 1554. Ori the following day his head (which was stolen some days later), was hanged to a gallows near Hyde Park, and his limbs were distributed among gibbets in various parts of the city of London (1521-

1554).

Queen Mary.

THOR.

The Norse god of thunder. The Victim; Harold.

THOULOUSE. See Toulouse.

THREE HUNDRED.

The * Three Hundred ' were two squadrons of the Scots Greys and the 2nd squadron of Inniskillings known as the Heavy Brigade who made the famous charge at Balaclava.

Glory to each and to all, and the charge that

they made ! Glory to all the three hundred, and all the

Brigade.

Charge of the Heavy Brigade at Balaclava.

THROSTLE.

= The song-thrush, or mavis. To the Queen; Claribel ; Sir Launcelot and Queen Guinevere ; The Window ; Early Spring ; The Fores- ters.

THRUSH.

A bird of the family Turdidce. It is noted for the sweetness of its song.

In Memoriam.

THURKILL.

A rich landowner of Kingston in Berkshire, killed at the battle of Senlac.

Harold.

THURNABY HOALMS.

But godamoighty a moost taake met an'

taake ma now

Wi' aaf the cows to cauve an' Thurnaby hoalms 'to plow !

Northern Farmer, Old Style. THURNABY WAASTE.

I weant saay men be loiars, thaw sumtnun said it in 'aaste :

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But 'e reads wonn sarmin a weeak, an' I 'a stubb'd Thurnaby waaste.

Northern Farmer^ Old Style. THURSBY THURN.

I could fettle and clump owd booots and shoes

wi' the best on 'em all, As fer as fro' Thursby thurn hup to Harmsby

and Hutterby Hall.

Northern Cobbler.

TIB.

A country wife.

Queen Mary.

TIGER.

A fierce quadruped of the feline kind, native of southern Asia and East Indies.

Palace of Art ; In Me- moriam ; Defence of Luck- now ; Demeter and Per- sephone ; Akbar's Dream ; Making of Man ; Harold.

TIGER-CAT.

= A wild-cat.

The Princess.

TIGER-LILY.

= A species of lily with spotted flowers.

A Spirit Haunts, etc.

TIGRESS.

= The female of the tiger. The Princess ; Queen Mary.

TIGRIS.

A river in Asia, which rises in the mountains of Kurdistan, and flows into the Persian gulf. On its banks are the ruins of Nineveh.

Recollections of the Arabian Nights. TIMOUR-MAMMON.

And Timour-Mammon grins on a pile of chil- dren's bones,

Timour represents the spirit

of avarice (see Timur), and Mammon is the Syrian god of wealth.

Maud.

TIMUR.

Timur built his ghastly tower of eighty thou- sand human skulls,

Refers to Timur beg, the cele- brated Tartar conqueror. He was a typical Asiatic despot, and inspiring a lust for con- quest built up a mighty empire. Whilst engaged in an expedi- tion in India, Bagdad revolted, and hastening back he gave the city up to pillage and put to death 80,000 persons. Re- solved to make the conquest of China he set out at the head of a large army, but died on the march (1336-1405).

Locksley Hall Sixty Tears After.

TINTAGIL.

A strong castle on the coast of Cornwall. It stands upon the summit of a headland and is reached by a steep path through a rugged valley. In Domesday Book it was entered as Dunchine, or Chain Castle. It was at the foot of the rock upon which the castle stands that Merlin found a naked babe upon the sands :

For there was no man knew from whence he

came ;

But after tempest, when the long wave broke All down the thundering shores of Bude and

Bos,

Then came a day as still as heaven, and theo They found a naked child upon the sands Of dark Tintagil by the Cornish sea ; And that was Arthur ; and they foster' d jhim Till he by miracle was approven King :

Close by is an immense

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cavern locally known as Merlin's

cave.

Coming of Arthur ; Merlin and Vivien ; Last Tourna- ment ; Guinevere.

TIRRA LIRRA.

' Tirra lirra,' by the river Sang Sir Lancelot.

An imitation of a musical sound as of the note of a lark.

The lark, that tirra-lyra chants,

With heigh ! with heigh ! the thrush and the

jay,

Shakespeare: Winter's Tale, Act vi. Scene

m

Lady of Shalott. TITANIA.

Queen of the Fairies.

The Foresters. TITIAN.

An Italian painter (1477-

Romney's Remorse. TITIANIC FLORA. See Flora.

TITMOUSE.

A small bird of the genus Partis.

Maud. TITYRUS.

Poet of the happy Tityrus piping underneath his beechen bowers ;

A shepherd ; one of the characters in Virgil.

To Virgil. TOFT HALL.

in Somerset ; the residence of Philip Edgar, afterwards known as Mr. Harold.

Promise of May. TOM.

Name of men and cats. Spinster's Sweet-Arts.

TOMMY.

Name of a boy.

Northern Cobbler.

TOMMY.

Name of lovers and cats.

Spinster's Sweet-Arts.

TOMOHRIT.

Tomohrit, Athos, all things fair, With such a pencil, such a pen, You shadow forth to distant men,

I read and felt that I was there :

A mountain in Albania.

To E. L.

TOMYRIS.

Queen of the Massagetae. After her husband's death she marched against Cyrus (<?.f.), cut his army to pieces and killed him on the spot. She then ordered the head of the fallen king to be cut off, and thrown into a vessel full of human blood, remarking as she did so * There, drink thy fill.'

And great bronze valves, emboss'd with

Tomyris And what she did to Cyrus after fight,

The Princess. TONUP.

= Turnip.

Village Wife ; Owd Rod ; Church-warden and the Curate.

TORRE.

Brother of Elaine and son of sir Bernard, baron of Astolat. Lancelot and Elaine.

TOSTIG.

Earl of Northumbria, son of earl Godwin (q.v.). Was for some years an exile at the court of Baldwin of Flanders. Upon the death of Edward the Con- fessor he ravaged the south and east coasts, but being driven away by Edwin and Mo rear went to Malcolm, king of Scot-

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land, where he stayed for some time. Having invited Harold Hardrada (q>v>), king of Nor- way, to assist him in conquering England, he met the Norway king off Northumbria and they sailed up the Humber and de- feated Edwin and Morcar at Fulford Bridge, but was in turn defeated by Harold at the battle of Stamford-bridge, both Tostig and Hardrada being among the slain.

Morcar. May all invaders perish like

Hardrada ! All traitors fail like Tostig !

Harold. TOULOUSE.

I speak after my fancies, for I am a Trouba- dour, you know, and won the violet at Tou- louse ;

A city in the south of France. Henry II having laid claim to the earldom of Toulouse, Becket accompanied the English army and fought as a knight in arm- our, riding at the head of 700 troops equipped at his own expense.

Becket.

TOURNAMENT OF THE DEAD INNOCENCE.

But when the morning of a tournament, By these in earnest those in mockery call'd The Tournament of the Dead Innocence,

In the early days — the time of Gareth and Geraint — the * Tournament of the Dead In- nocent ' could have meant but one thing — the memory of the dead innocent babe ; but now there is another suggestion in the title, for the purity of the ladies and the knights has faded : it is their innocence that is dead.

This Tournament is the last, and it is a failure. As the gale makes havoc with the emblem of the kings after the Quest of the Grail is ended, so here the i useful trouble of the rain y mars the pageant, and makes it 6 draggled at the skirt.' And the rules of tournament are not enforced. Lancelot pre- sides as arbiter, but he too is dreaming of dead innocence, and takes so languid an interest that the laws of chivalry are broken before him with im- punity.— Littledale : Essays. Last Tournament.

TOWSER.

Name of a dog.

Promise of May.

TRACY (Sir William de). See De Tracy (Sir William).

TRAFALGAR.

at Trafalgar yet once more We taught him : late he learned humility Perforce, like those whom Gideon school'd with briers.

Has reference to the battle of Trafalgar.

Buonaparte.

TRATH TREROIT.

And down the waste sand-shores of Trath

Treroit, Where many a heathen fell :

The scene of king Arthur's tenth victory over the Saxons. It is identified with a stream near the Solway Firth.

Lancelot and Elaine.

TRAVELLER'S-JOY.

The Clematis Fitalba, a climb- ing plant with white flower?. Aylmer's Field.

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TREE-FERN.

A fern with a tree-like woody stem. To Ulysses.

TRIE (Sir Engelram de). See

Engelram de Erie. TRINACRIAN ENNA.

Tho' dead in its Trinacrian Enna Blossom again on a colder isle.

Trinacrian = Sicilian. Enna (q.v) was a city in Sicily.

To Professor Jebb.

TRINOBANT.

Hear Icenian, Catieuchlanian, hear Cori- tanian, Trinobant !

The inhabitants of Trino- bantium, an ancient British tribe who inhabited the present counties of Middlesex and Essex.

Boddicea. TRISTRAM.

Son of sir Meliodas, king of Liones, and a Knight of the Round Table ; married Isolt, daughter of Ho well, king of Brittany, but the marriage was an unhappy one, on account of his attachment to Isolt his aunt, the wife of king Mark (q.v.) of Cornwall. This Isolt was the daughter of king Anguish of Ireland, and Tristram escorted her to England as bride for his uncle Mark, and on the morning of the marriage Isolt and Tristram drank a love- potion which kindled in their hearts a passion which com- pelled them to love each other as long as they both lived. Tristram was slain by Mark while he was dallying with his aunt.

He spoke, he turn'd, then, flinging round her

neck, Claspt it, and cried ' Thine Order, O my

Queen ! '

But, while he bow'd to kiss the jewell'd throat, Out of the dark, just as the lips had touch'd, Behind him rose a shadow and a shriek — ' Mark's way," said Mark, and clove him thro*

the brain.

Isolt, seeing her lover dead,

flung herself upon his corpse

and died also. The two were

buried in the one grave by order

of king Mark, who planted

over it a rose and vine which

became so interwoven that it

was impossible to separate them .

Gareth and Lynette ; Lan~

celot and Elaine ; Last

Tournament ; Guinevere.

TROAD.

Name of the region round about Troy.

Death of (Enone.

TROAS.

A country in Phrygia in Asia Minor of which Troy was the capital.

(Enone.

TROUBADOUR.

A class of French poets who flourished from the eleventh to the thirteenth century.

Becket.

TROUT.

A fresh-water fish of the salmon kind.

Miller's Daughter ; Walk- ing to the Mail; The Brook ; Church-warden and the Curate ; Promise of May.

TROY.

A city of Troas, celebrated as the scene of the legend im- mortalized by the Iliad o£

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Homer of the abduction of Helen of Sparta by Paris (q.v.), which led to the Trojan war. It was built by the gods Neptune and Apollo for Laomedon, father of Tithonus, the stones of which are said to have been placed in their positions to the sound of Apollo's lute.

O Caves That house the cold crown'd snake ! O

mountain brooks, I am the daughter of a River- God, Hear me, for I will speak, and build up all My sorrow with my song, as yonder walls Rose slowly to a music slowly breathed, A cloud that gather'd shape:

GEnone ; Lotos-Eaters ; On a Mourner ; Ulysses ; Speci- men of a Translation of the Iliad in Blank Verse ; Death of (Enone.

TSERNOGORA.

Great Tseraogora ! never since thine own Black ridges drew the cloud and brake the

storm Has breathed a race of mightier mountaineers.

The Slavonic name for Mon-

tenegro.

Montenegro.

TUCK (Friar). See Friar Tuck. TULIP.

A bulbous plant, with beau- tiful bell-shaped flowers of the genus Tulip a.

Gardener's Daughter ; In Memoriam ; Voyage of Maeldune.

TUNIS.

TURBIA.

Queen Mary.

What Roman strength Turbla show'd In ruin, by the mountain road ;

How like a gem, beneath, the city Of little Monaco, basking, glow'd.

A village near Monaco. The Daisy.

TURKISH ISLAM.

warriors beating back the swarm Of Turkish Islam for five hundred years,

Montenegro. TURTLE.

A gallinaceous bird of the genus Columba.

Progress of Spring.

TUSCAN POETS

O bliss, when all in circle drawn About him, heart and ear were fed To hear him, as he lay and read

The Tuscan poets on the lawn ;

Tuscan=the literary dialect of Italy : Poets = Dante, Petrarch, etc.

In Memoriam. TYNE (river).

The Foresters.

TYROL.

A crownland of Austria. It lies between Bavaria and Italy, and is noted for the beauty of its scenery.

The Princess.

ULAMA.

but our mama,

Who ' sitting on green sofas contemplate The torment of the damn'd ' already,

A body of learned men among the Mohammedans.

Akbar's Dream.

ULFIUS.

King Arthur's chamberlain, and a knight of the Round Table. He accompanied Uther when he entered the castle of Tintagel as the duke of Tin- tagel to have access to the duke's wife, Ygerne, the mother of king Arthur. He afterwards assisted king Arthur in the great battle of the kings, and was one of the three knights

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sent by Arthur to king Leodo- gran to ask for the hand of his daughter Guinevere.

Coming of Arthur.

ULRIC.

A leprous Crusader dwelling according to the custom of the Church and the laws of God in a hut on a solitary moor. His wife refused to leave him, saying she would live and die with him.

The leprosy of the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries was supposed to be a legacy of the Crusades.

Happy.

ULYSSES.

ULYSSES, much experienced man, Whose eyes have known this globe of ours, Her tribes of men, and trees, and flowers, From Corrientes to Japan,

= W. G. Palgrave, author of a book of that name. Palgrave was a great traveller, like the Greek Ulysses.

To Ulysses.

UNICORN.

A fabulous animal men- tioned by ancient authors, with one horn on the forehead and a body like that of a horse. The Unicorn is mentioned in the Old Testament.

Canst thou bind the unicorn with his band in the furrow? Job xxxix. 10.

Holy Grail. URANIA.

In Greek mythology the Muse of Astronomy, represented as holding a staff with which she points to a globe.

In Memoriam.

URANIAN.

This I seal'd :

The seal was Cupid bent above a scroll, And o'er his head Uranian Venus hung, And raised the blinding bandage from his eyes :

= Heavenly love.

The Princess.

URIEN.

A king of north Wales. Hus- band of Morgan le Fay and father of sir Gawain.

Coming of Arthur.

USK.

A river of Monmouthshire. Marriage of Geraint ; Ger- aint and Enid ; Balin and Balan ; Pelleas andEttarre.

UTHER.

Pendragon of the Britons ; married Igerna or Ygerne, widow of Gorlois ; father of king Arthur. He succeeded his brother Aurelius (q>v.), king of the Britons, and defeated the Saxons under Vortigern and Hengist. He then over- came Gorlois, duke of Corn- wall, and married his widow Igerna. Uther commanded Merlin to make the Round Table and gave it to king Leo- dogran who gave it to king Arthur as a wedding gift. Uther was poisoned by the Saxons and buried at Stone- henge near his brother.

Palace of Art ; Coming of Arthur ; Gareth and Lyn- ette ; Geraint and Enid.

VALERY. See St. Valery. VALHALLA. See Walhalla.

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[YEN

VALKYRIAN.

But great is song

Used to great ends : ourself have often tried Valkyrian hymns, or into rhythm have

dash'd The passion of the prophetess ;

In Scandinavian mythology the warrior nymphs who chose the slain in battle for transpor- tation to Walhalla (q.v.) and who handed to the warriors their drinking-horns at their daily feast with Odin.

The Princess.

VAN DIEMEN.

And show you slips of all that grows From England to Van Diemen.

= the island of Tasmania.

Am-phion. VASHTI.

Wife of king Ahasuerus of Babylon, who was divorced, for refusing to obey the king's command. Esther i.

The Princess. VAUNTCOURIER.

A word meaning

runner.

Fore- Lover's Tale.

VAVASOUR (MISS). A schoolmistress.

Promise of May.

VENICE.

A city and seaport of Italy and capital of the province of Venice.

The Ring ; Queen Mary.

VENUS.

In Roman mythology the goddess of love, the queen of laughter, and the mistress of the graces and of pleasures, daughter of Jupiter and Dione, and mother of Cupid. In

Greek mythology she is identi- fied with Aphrodite (q.v). She is represented as presiding over flower-gardens and vines, and is worshipped by gardeners,, vine-growers and florists. She had a temple built in her honour in the Forum by Caesar in 46 B.C. and in A.D. 135 Hadrian erected a double temple in her honour the ruins of which may still be seen. When Paris (q.v.), the shepherd-prince of Troy, was appointed arbiter to judge which of the three god- desses (Juno, Pallas Athene,, and Venus) was the most beau- tiful, and which should be awarded the golden apple, the prize of beauty, Venus, on appearing before him promised him as a bribe the most beauti- ful woman in Greece as his wife,

Idalian Aphrodite beautiful,

Fresh as the foam, new-bathed in Paphiau

wells,

With rosy slender fingers backward drew From her warm brows and bosom her deep

hair

Ambrosial, golden round her lucid throat And shoulder ; from the violets her light foot Shone rosy-white, and o'er her rounded form Between the shadows of the vine-bunches Floated the glowing sunlights, as she moved * * *

She with a subtle smile in her mild eyes, The herald of her triumph drawing nigh- Half-whisper'd in his ear, ' I promise thee The fairest and most loving wife in Greece,' She spoke and laugh'd : I shut my sight for

fear:

But when I look'd, Paris had raised his hand And I beheld great Here's angry eyes, v* As she withdrew into the golden cloud, 1 And I was left alone within the bower ; And from that time to this I am alone, And I shall be alone until I die.

Paris handed the apple to Venus.

Lucretius ; The Princess / Lover's Tale ; Locksley Hall Sixty Tears After; The Cup.

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[VINT

VERAGUA.

my lord,

I swear to you I heard his voice between The thunders in the black Veragua nights,

A region in the western part of the Isthmus of Panama. It was named by Columbus, who discovered it in 1502, and who attempted to found a settle- ment there, but was driven off by the Indians.

Columbus.

VERULAM.

The title of the barony con- ferred on Bacon by Elizabeth in 1618.

Palace of Art ; The Princess.

VERULAM.

The Roman name for the city of St. Albans. It was identical with the fortress of Cassivellaunus destroyed by Caesar in 54 B.C. and it was captured and burnt by Boadicea (q.v.) in 61 A.D.

Boadicea.

VESELAY.

A French town.

Becket.

VICISTI GALIUEE.

Eve after eve that haggard anchorite Would haunt the desolated fane, and there Gaze at the ruin, often mutter low ' Vicisti Galilaee ' ; louder again, Spurning a shatter'd fragment of the God, ' Vicisti Galilaee ! '

Has reference to Julian, called the * Apostate,' emperor of Rome for eighteen months from 361-363 A.D. On becoming emperor he renounced Christi- anity and endeavoured to re- store paganism, and is said to have persecuted the Christians although there is no evidence

to justify it. He was the author of several works, one of which was in opposition to Christianity. In an expedi- tion against the Persians he was wounded, and as he fell from his horse in a fainting condition, he exclaimed : * Vicisti Gali- laee ' (' Thou hast conquered, O Galilean ! ') He was carried to his tent and died the same evening, June 26, 363.

St. Telemachus. VICTORIA.

Victoria, — since your Royal grace To one of less desert allows This laurel greener from the brows

Of him that utter'd nothing base ;

Queen Victoria.

To the Queen. VIENNA.

My blood an even tenor kept,

Till on mine ear this me sage falls, That in Vienna's fatal walls

God's finger touch 'd him, and he slept.

Capital of the Austrian-Hun- garian monarchy, situated on the river Danube.

In Memoriam.

VILLA GARCIA.

One of the men who tried to induce Cranmer to sign and declare the queen's right to the throne, confess his faith before all hearers, and retract the Eucharistic doctrine. He also helped with Soto to take Cranmer to St. Mary's Church,, and with the choir helped to * strike ' up the Nunc Dimittus,

Queen Mary. VINE.

A climbing plant which pro- duces the grape, of the genus Fitis.

Queen Mary ; Harold ,r

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[VIV

The Cup ; Ode to Memory ; Mariana in the South ; (Enone ; Lotos - Eaters ; Dream of Fair Women ; Audley Court ; Amphion ; Aylmer's Field ; The Prin- cess ; Ode on the death of the Duke of Wellington ; Death of (Enone ; The Daisy ; The Islet; The Window; Romney's Remorse ; In Memoriam ; Lancelot and Elaine ; Voyage of Mael- dune ; Demeter and Per- sephone ; To E. Fitzgerald ; Tiresias.

VINE-AN'-THE-HOP.

An inn sign.

Promise of May.

VIOLET.

One of the staff of the College for women founded by the princess Ida.

The Princess.

VIOLET.

An herbaceous plant and flower of the genus Viola, of many species.

Adeline ; (Enone ; May Queen ; Dream of Fair Women ; Will Water- proofs Lyrical Monologue ; Sir Launcelot and Queen Guinevere ; Aylmer's Field ; The Princess ; To Rev. F. D. Maurice ; In Memoriam ; Maud ; Lover's Tale ; Progress of Spring ; Becket ; The Falcon ; Promise of May.

VIPER.

A European serpent whose bite is venomous.

The Princess ; Merlin and Vivien.

VIRGIL.

= The Latin poet.

To Virgil ; Poets and their Bibliographies ; Queen

Mary.

VITUS (Saint).

A Roman saint martyred under Diocletian, and the patron of dances.

The Foresters.

VIVIAN (Sir Walter).

Sir Walter Vivian — a gentle- man supposed to be living at Maidstone Park, when in 1844 a festival of the Mechanics' In- stitution was being held there, sir Walter himself being patron of the Institution. His house was adorned with articles col- lected from all quarters of the globe and all eras of history. The Princess.

VIVIAN-PLACE.

The home of sir Walter Vivian.

The Princess.

VIVIEN.

A wanton at the court of king Arthur, who hated all the knights. She was an orphan, her father having been killed in battle, and her mother had died upon his corpse on the battlefield. She went to queen Guinevere to ask protection and the queen took her as one of

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her maids, where she tried without success to seduce the blameless king. With Merlin (q.v.) she had better success, for under pretence of great devotion, she followed him to the wild woods of Broceliande in Brittany.

A STORM was coming, but the winds were still, And in the wild woods of Broceliande, Before an oak, so hollow, huge and old It look'd a tower of ivied masonwork At Merlin's feet the wily Vivien lay.

Being pestered with her he confided to her the secret of his magic power, whereupon she confined him in a hollow tower from which there was no escape.

And then she follow'd Merlin all the way, Ev'n to the wild woods of Broceliande. For Merlin once had told her of a charm, The which if any wrought on any one With woven paces and with waving arms. The man so wrought on ever seem'd to lie Closed in the four walls of a hollow tower , From which was no escape for evermore ;

Balin and Ealan ; Merlin and Vivien ; Guinevere. VOLTIGEUR.

Name of a horse.

Promise of May. VULCAN.

In Italian mythology the god of fire, and of the art of forging, identified with the Greek Hephaestus. A temple was built in his honour at Rome, and he is supposed to have had a forge under mount Etna where he manufactured thunderbolts.

The Princess. VULTURE.

A rapacious bird of prey of the genus Fultur, feeding largely on carrion.

You might have won ; The Princess.

WALES.

Golden Tear ; Coming of Arthur; Sir John Old- castle, Lord Cobham ; Harold.

WALHALLA.

In Scandinavian mythology the Hall of the Slain ; the name of the residence for brave warriors slain in battle where they were conveyed by the war- rior nymphs, the Valkyries (q.v.)^

Harold. WALNUT.

A tree and its fruit of the genus Jugians.

Miller's Daughter; The Cup,

WALTER.

Married Miriam Erne, cousin of Muriel Erne. Before they were married Walter gave Miriam a ring supposed to be possessed with magic power.

then I bad the man engrave ' From Walter ' on the ring, and send it.

The Ring. WALTER.

The lover of Olivia, and to whom the oak-tree supposed to be gifted with speech gave an account of the doings of Olivia during his absence. In return for the information given he vowed that Olivia should wear on her wedding day a wreath of alternate leaf and acorn ball.. Talking Oak.

WALTER. WALTER LEA.

Son of sir Richard Lea, and brother of Maid Marian.

The Foresters.

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286

[WAR

WALTER.

WALTER VIVIAN. See Vivian.

WALTER MAP.

A twelfth century writer, probably born in Herefordshire. Was an intimate friend of arch- bishop Becket. After studying at the University of Paris, entered the service of Henry II, and acted as chaplain to the king during the wars brought about by the rebellion of Henry's sons. Represented Henry at the court of Louis VII and attended the council at the Lateran at Rome in 1 1 79.

For some time was parson at West bury, where he came in conflict with the monks of the neighbouring Cistercian monastery. Canon of St. Paul's and Chancellor of Lin- coln, and in 1197 was appointed archdeacon of Oxford. He was the author of Latin Satirical Poems against the priesthood.

Becket. WALTHAM.

the Holy Rood That bow'd to me at Waltham—

Waltham Holy Cross was founded by Tovi, standard- bearer to king Canute, and finished by king Harold in 1060. Gasquet in his Greater Abbeys of England says :

The first foundation at Waltham, and in- deed the adoption of the name of ' Holy Cross ' as the dedication, was brought about, according to legend, in a mysterious manner. In the reign of king Canute a pious smith, so runs the story, received a supernatural intima- tion that he would find a crucifix buried on the hill at Montacuta, in Somerset. The parish priest was consulted and thought the matter should be examined into at once. At the head of a procession, praying and singing the Litanies, this priest accompanied the smith to the spot which had been pointed

oat to him in his dream and which, when on the ground, he fully recognized. Here, after much digging, the searchers came upon a wonderful crucifix carved in black marble. The discovery naturally made a great im- pression at the tirna , and indeed, the fact suggested the war cry of the English at the battle of Senlac : ' Holy Cross, out, out ! ' The lord of the manor of Montacute at the time of the discovery was named Tovi, a well-known soldier who was standard-bearer to king Canute. By his direction the crucifix was placed on an ornamented car, to which were harnessed twelve red oxen and twelve white cows, and the ultimate destination was left to their instincts, guided, of course, by Providence. The spot at which they ulti- mately stopped, and which was thus pointed out by fate as the place where the cross was to remain, was Waltham. . . . Here Tovi, with the king's help, established two priests to act as guardians of the crucifix thus so strangely f)und at Montacute and provi- dentially brought to Waltham. From the first this cross was believed to possess miracu- lous powers, and amongst other favours thought to have been obtained at its shrine was the cure of Harold, son of earl Godwin, from the palsy.

On his way to the battle of Senlac Harold came to Wal- tham to pay a visit to the shrine and offer up his devotions at the great Cross. His body, found on the field of battle, was by William ordered to be buried there, but at the request of his mother was transferred to Wal- tham and buried in the Abbey. Harold.

WALWORTH.

Queen Mary.

WANSTEAD.

A town in Essex.

Queen Mary.

WARD.

FAREWELL, whose living like I shall not find, Whose Faith and Work were bells of full accord,

My friend, the most unworldly of mankind, Most generous of all Ul tramontanes, Ward,

William George Ward, to whom the poem is dedicated. A zealous advocate of the Trac- tarian movement, he carried it out in principle by joining in

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[WHA

1845 the Roman Catholic Church (1812-1882).

In Memoriam, William

George Ward. WAR-HAWK.

Battle of Brunanburh.

WASP.

A hymenopterous insect of the genus Vespa whose sting is very painful.

The Princess. WATERFLAG.

Reeds, with long leaves, that wave like flags in the wind. Morte <T Arthur ; Passing of Arthur.

WATERFOWL.

A bird that frequents the water.

Merlin and Vivien.

WATER-GATE.

Storm at the Water-gate ! storm at the Bailey- gate ! storm,

Defence of Lucknow.

WATER-GNAT.

An insect whose early stages are passed in ponds, ditches, .and shallow pools.

Leonine Elegiacs.

WATER-LILY.

A plant of the genus Nymph- tea, with large floating leaves and beautiful flowers.

'Lady of Shalott ; The Princess. WATERLOO.

= Battle of Waterloo. Will Waterproofs Lyrical Monologue ; Ode on the Death of the Duke of Wel- lington ; Sisters (Evelyn and Edith).

WAYFARING-TREE.

A European shrub having large ovate leaves and small white flowers.

Sir John Oldcastle, Lord Cobham.

WEASEL.

A small quadruped of the genus Mustela which feeds on birds and mice.

Aylmer's Field; The Prin- cess ; Gareth and Lynette ; Promise of May.

WEEDY SEAS.

= the Sargasso Sea, where masses of seaweed accumulate. Columbus.

WELLS (Dean of).

Queen Mary.

WESSEX.

The kingdom of the West Saxons.

Harold.

WESTMINSTER (City of).

Harold; Becket.

WESTMINSTER (Bishop of). See Thirlby.

WEST-SAXON-LAND.

Also the brethren, King and Atheling, Each in his glory,

Went to his own in his own West-Saxon-land, Glad of the war.

Battle of Brunanburh.

WHALE.

A mammal of the order Cetacea, hunted chiefly for its oil and whalebone.

Harold.

WHARTON (Lady Anne). See Anne, Anne Wharton.

WHI]

WHITE (Sir Thomas). See Thomas White.

WHITE HORSE.

and as now Men weed the white horse on the Berkshire

hills To keep him bright and clean as heretofore,

See Berkshire.

Geraint and Enid.

WHITE ROSE.

Name of a horse.

The Brook. WHITETHORN.

= the hawthorn.

Queen Mary. WICKENTREE.

= the mountain-ash or rowan- tree.

The Foresters. WICLIF.

John Wiclif, the ' morning star of the Reformation.' In 1361 appointed Master of Balliol College and four years afterwards was made Warden of Canterbury hall by arch- bishop Islip, but deprived by Islip's successor Stephen Lang- ton at the instigation of the monks, who were angry with him for exposing their corrupt lives. In 1374 ne was Pre~ ferred by the crown to the rectory of Lutterworth, and for openly preaching against the corruption of the Roman Church pope Gregory XI issued several bulls charging him with heresy and he was summoned to appear at St. Paul's by the bishop of London, where he made such an able defence of himself that the council broke up without

[WIC

coming to a decision. The pope, however, issued a series of bulls to the bishops bidding them to arrest and imprison Wiclif, with a consequence that he was ordered to appear be- fore a synod in the arch- bishop's palace at Lambeth,, which synod was prohibited by an order from the king's mother. At this time the Roman Church was shaken by the election of a second pope, and Wiclif,, taking advantage, struck at the constitution of the Roman Church and denounced in vigorous language its corrupt- ness. He translated the Bible ; organized a body of poor priests who went through the country preaching and spreading his doctrines. In 1380 he declared against the doctrine of transub- stantiation, but his theses were condemned by a convocation at Oxford, who forbade him to teach them in the university. Two years later archbishop Courtenay condemned his opinions and his followers were arrested and compelled to re- cant. Wiclif withdrew to Lut- terworth, where in spite of a stroke of paralysis he con- tinued his literary activity. He died on December 31, 1384, and in 1428 his bones were dug up and burned, and his ashes thrown into the river Swift, close by the town where he had laboured so long (1320-1384). Sir John Oldcastle, Lord Cobham.

WIL]

[WEL

WILD-SWAN.

A large bird, measuring five feet in length and eight across its expanded wings. These birds fly in a wedgelike figure, following the course set them by their ' leader.'

The leader wild-swan in among the stars Would clang it,

Poet's Song ; The Princess.

WILD WEED-FLOWER.

Day-Dream.

WILD WILL.

Name of a horse.

The Brook.

WILLER.

= the willow.

Promise of May.

WILLIAM.

WITH farmer Allan at the farm abode William and Dora.

Son of farmer Allan.

Dora.

WILLIAM. WILLIAM HOWARD.

Eldest son of Thomas How- ard, second duke of Norfolk ; governor of Calais 1552-53 ; and lord high admiral 1554-73 ; was created a peer for his defence of London against sir Thomas Wyatt in 1554. Queen Mary.

WILLIAM THE FIRST. WILLIAM THE CONQUEROR.

King of England, son of Robert I, duke of Normandy, whom he succeeded in 1035. In 1051 he visited the English Court, and received from Ed- ward the Confessor a promise that he should succeed him as

king, and in 1064, during earl Harold's visit to the French Court he made him swear to help him to gain the English crown. On the death of Ed- ward the Confessor Harold was proclaimed king, and in September 1066 William in- vaded England, and in the following month of the same year defeated Harold at the battle of Senlac, marched to London and was crowned in Westminster Abbey on December 25, 1066. He ruled with great tyranny, in consequence of which several insurrections took place, which were not quelled until William had devastated various parts of the country with fire and sword. He in- stituted the curfew and made a survey of all the lands in the kingdom known as the Domes- day Book. In 1070 an insurrec- tion broke out in the Isle of Ely under the leadership of Hereward the Wake. Eight years later he built the Tower of London, and having entered upon a war with Philip of France, he attacked and burned in 1087 the city of Mantes. As he rode through the burning town his horse stumbled, and he received an injury from which he died on September 9- of the same year. He was buried at Caen.

Queen Mary ; Becket ;

Harold. WILLIAM OF ORANGE.

A member of the noble house U

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[WIL

of Nassau, who inherited from his cousin the principality of Orange. Owing to the perse- cution of Protestants in the Netherlands took up arms in defence of his country's freedom against the tyranny of Philip of Spain, and did not rest until he had freed it from the Spanish yoke. In 1580 Philip issued a ban against him, and set a price of 25,000 gold crowns upon his head, and on July 10 he was assassinated in his house at Delft by Balthazar Gerard (1533-1584).

Queen Mary.

WILLIAMS (Lord, of Thame).

Whereat Lord Williams gave a sudden cry : ' Make short ! make short ! ' and so they lit the wood.

Son of sir John Williams . On the death of Edward VI he became a supporter of Mary's cause, proclaimed her at Ox- ford, and raised some six thou- sand men in Northamptonshire to support her cause. He had the custody of the princess Elizabeth at Woodstock, until she was transferred to the keeping of sir Henry Beding- field. As Sheriff of Oxford- shire he conveyed Cranmer, Latimer and Ridley to Oxford to await their trial, and was present at their execution. On account of the kindness he had shown to Elizabeth during the time she was in his custody, he was on her accession ap- pointed to attend her to Lon- don in 1558, and soon after- wards was appointed Lord

President of Wales. He died in 1559, at Ludlow Castle, and was buried in the parish church at Thame.

Queen Mary.

WILLIAM THE SILENT. See William of Orange.

WILLOW.

A tree or shrub of the genus Salix, including many species. Dying Swan ; Lady of Shalott ; Mariana in the South ; Walking to the Mail ; Amphion ; In Me- moriam ; Merlin and the Gleam.

WILLOW-HERB.

A perennial herb with narrow willowlike leaves and rose- purple flowers.

Promise of May.

WILLOWS (James). See James Willows.

WILLOW-WEED.

A plant which grows on marshy or moist soils.

The Brook.

WILLY.

An old grandmother of re- ligious frame of mind, as her memory travels back, felt that the spirits of her dead sons, of whom Willy was one, were about her in the kitchen, and lost all sense of time and loss, in looking forward towards her own end with restful expecta- tion. Willy was her eldest born, and the flower of her flock, and the news of h' death

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had been brought to her by a little girl named Annie, to whom in reply, she said : —

I ought to have gone before him : I wonder

he went so young, I cannot cry for him, Annie ; I have not long

to stay ;

She could not weep for Willy, but looked forward to a happy reunion with her husband and all her children, as she said :

I, too, shall go in a minute.

Grandmother.

WILLY.

Son of the speaker in the poem. The woman when on her deathbed related to another woman, the story of her son's crime. She blamed others for his sin :

But he lived with a lot of wild mates, and they never would let him be good ;

He robbed the mail as an act of daring, and was hanged in chains. His mother stole his bones from the prison-yard and buried them in the night by the churchyard wall. She contrasts the actions of the lawyer with that of the Saviour.

For the lawyer is born but to murder — the Saviour lives but to bless.

Rizpah.

WILSON.

A schoolmaster.

Promise of May. WINCHESTER (Bishop of).

Queen Mary.

WINCHESTER (Henry of). See Henry of Winchester.

WIND-HOVER.

= the Kestrel, a bird of the hawk kind, so called from its

hovering in the wind over one spot without fluttering its wings.

Aylmer's Field.

WINDSOR.

WINNIE.

Queen Mary.

MINNIE and Winnie

Slept in a shell. Sleep, little ladies !

And they slept well.

Minnie and Winnie.

WIT AN.

= Witenagemot : the Na- tional Council of England in Anglo-Saxon times.

Harold.

WITCH-ELM.

The drooping broad-leaved elm of Scotland.

In Memoriam.

WODEN. See Odin.

WOLF.

An animal of the genus Cams, allied to the dog.

Aylmer's Field ; The Prin- cess ; Boddicea ; Maud ; Coming of Arthur ; Ger- aint and Enid ; Balin and Balan ; Merlin and Vivien; Pelleas and Ettarre ; Northern Cobbler ; Sir John Oldcastle, Lord Cob bam ; Battle of Brunanburh ; For- lorn ; Queen Mary ; Harold ; Becket; The Cup; The Foresters.

WOLSELEY.

Field-Marshal viscount Wolse- ley, eldest son of Major Garnet Joseph Wolseley. He served

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in the Burmese War, the Crimea, the Indian Mutiny — being present at the relief of Lucknow — in the Chinese war, and afterwards in Canada, and in 1873 was appointed in com- mand of the punitive expedition to the Gold Coast against the Ashantis. On the outbreak of the rebellion in Egypt in 1882 he was appointed in command of the expedition, and after fight- ing several engagements with the enemy, advanced to Tel-el- Kebir, where on September 13, 1882, he completely routed the rebels under Arabi Pasha (^.^.)-

You saw the league-long rampart-fire

Flare from Tel-el-Kebir Thro' darkness, and the foe was driven,

And Wolseley overthrew Arabi, and the stars in heaven

Paled, and the glory grew.

Ten years later he proceeded again to Egypt in command of an expedition for the relief of general Gordon at Khartoum, but arrived too late to effect its object. He died on March 25, I9J3 (1833-1913). Prologue to General Hamley.

WOODBINE.

= a climbing plant ; the honeysuckle.

Promise of May ; A Dirge ; My life is full ; Talking Oak ; Day-Dream ; In Me- moriam ; Spinster's Sweet- Arts ; Promise of May.

WOODCOCK.

A bird belonging to the genera Scolopax and Philohela, allied to the snipe.

Balin and Balan.

WOOD-DEVIL.

Balin and Balan.

WOOD-DOVE.

= the wild dove.

Balin and Balan. WOOD-LOUSE.

= a terrestrial isopod of the family Qniscidcz.

The Window. WOODPECKER.

A bird of the order Picarue^ with a strong chisel-like bill, with which it is able to drill holes in the bark and wood of trees.

Kate ; The Princess ; Pro- gress of Spring. WOODSTOCK.

Was a royal residence when the Domesday Survey was made. It was the scene of Henry IPs courtship of Rosa- mond de Clifford. Queen Elizabeth was a prisoner here from May 1554 to May 1555, and after her accession to the throne visited it in 1556 and again in 1575. After the battle of Blenheim the manor of Woodstock was bestowed in perpetuity on John duke of Marlboro ugh.

Queen Mary. WORKS AND DAYS.

Landscape-lover, lord of language more than he that sang the Works and Days,

The name of a poem by Hesiod, the Greek poet, the earliest didactic poem known to us in Greek.

To Virgil. WORMS.

A city and capital of the

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province of Rhine-Hesse, on the river Rhine.

Queen Mary.

WREN.

A species of small bird be- longing to the genus Troglodytes. Golden Tear; The Win- dow ; Marriage of Geraint.

WRIGGLESBY BECK.

Northern Farmer, New Style.

WRIT, HOLY. See Holy Writ.

WULFNOTH.

Son of Godwin, and brother of king Harold.

Harold.

WYATT (Sir Thomas). See Thomas Wyatt.

WYCLIFFE (John). See Wiclif.

WYE.

A river in south Wales.

In Memoriam.

WYVERN.

An heraldic device in shape of a dragon with expanded wings. Aylmer's Field ; Holy Grail.

XANTHUS.

A river of Troas.

Specimen of a Translation of the Iliad in Blank Verse.

YABBOK BROOK.

Clear-headed Friend.

YAFFINGALE.

= the green woodpecker, noted for its loud laughing note.

And hear the garnet-headed yaffingale Mock them :

Last Tournament.

YEW. YEW-TREE.

An evergreeen tree of the genus Taxus, allied to the pine. Love and Death ; Two Voices ; Amphion ; The Letters ; Enoch Arden ; The Princess ; In Memoriam ; Lancelot and Elaine ; Dedi- catory Poem to the Princess Alice ; The Flight ; Walking to the Mail ; Holy Grail ; Promise of May ; The Foresters.

YGERNE.

Wife of Gorlois, lord of Tintagel Castle. She was a beautiful woman, and at a festival of the Round Table Uther fell in love with her, and upon Ulfin 'revealing it to her she told her husband Gorlois, who locked her up in the im- pregnable fortress of Tintagel, and gathering together an army, fought against Uther, but was defeated and slain. Ygerne then became the wife of Uther and subsequently the mother of king Arthur.

Coming of Arthur.

YNIOL.

An earl of decayed fortune and the father of Enid, wife of sir Geraint. He was ousted from his earldom by his nephew Edyrn, who attempted to win his daughter, but was unsuccess- ful. Edyrn, however, being overthrown in a tournament by

YOR]

294

[ZUR

sir Geraint, the earldom was restored to him.

Marriage of Geraint ; Ger- aint and Enid.

YORK.

And York's white rose as red as Lancaster's

= Wars of the Roses between the houses of York and Lan- caster.

Aylmer^s Field.

YORK (Archbishop).

Becket.

YORK (Archbishoprick).

Becket.

YORK (City of).

Queen Mary ; Harold ; The Foresters*

YORK (County of).

Edwin Morris ; Aylmer^s Field.

ZERUBBABEL.

The Christian name of a man called Sanders (?.£'.)> who lived

in Cornhill at the Sign of the Talbot.

Queen Mary.

ZEUS.

In Greek mythology the lord of Heaven, identified with the Italian Jupiter (q.v.).

Achilles over the Trench.

ZOROASTRIAN.

A follower of Zoroaster, the prophet of the ancient Persians. Akbar^s Dream.

ZUINGLIUS.

The ghosts of Luther and Zuinglius fade Into the deathless hell which is their doom Before my star !

Has reference to Zuingli, the Swiss reformer.

Queen Mary.

ZURICH.

Cranmer. To Strasburg, Antwerp Frank- fort, Zurich, Worms,

Geneva, Basle — our Bishops from their sees Or fled, they say, or flying —

A town in Switzerland, and capital of the Canton of Zurich. Queen Mary.

LIST OF AUTHORITIES AND OF WORKS CONSULTED AND QUOTED

ABBOTT, Dr. EVELYN. History of Greece. ALFRED LORD TENNYSON. A Memoir, by his son. ALLEN, GRANT. Anglo-Saxon Britain. Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, The.

Arthurian Chronicles, represented by Wace and Layamon. Bible, The.

BREWER, Rev. Dr. E. C. Dictionary of Phrase and Fable. BREWER, Rev. Dr. E. C. Reader's Handbook. BURNS, ROBERT. Poetical Works. BYRON, LORD. Poetical Works. CAMPBELL, THOMAS. Pleasures of Hope. CERVANTES, MIGUEL DE. Don Quixote. CHAMBERS, R. Editor. Book of Days. Chambers's Encyclopaedia. CONYBEARE, EDWARD. Roman Britain. COWPER, WILLIAM. Poetical Works. DARWIN, ERASMUS. Botanic Garden. Dictionary of National Biography. DRAYTON, MICHAEL. Polyolbion. DRYDEN, JOHN. Poetical Works. Encyclopaedia Britannica. FREEMAN, Dr. E. A. Norman Conquest.

FROISSART, Sir JOHN. Chronicles of England, France, Spain, etc. FROUDE, JAMES ANTHONY. History of England. FULLER, Rev. THOMAS. Worthies of England. GARDINER, Dr. SAMUEL R. History of England. GEOFFREY OF MONMOUTH.

GUERBER, H. A. Myths and Legends of the Middle Ages. GUEST, LADY CHARLOTTE. The Mabinogion. Harmsworth's Encyclopaedia. Haydn's Dictionary of Dates. HOMER. The Iliad and Odyssey. HUNT, Rev. WILLIAM. Norman Britain. IRVING, WASHINGTON. Life of Columbus.

295

296

KIRTLAN, Rev. E. J. B. Sir Gawain and the Green Knight.

LEMPRIERE, Dr. J. Classical Dictionary.

LIDDELL, Dr. HENRY G. History of Rome.

LITTLEDALE, Prof. H. Essays on Lord Tennyson's Idylls of the King.

Macmillan's Modern Languages and Literature Series.

MALORY, Sir THOMAS. Morte d'Arthur.

MILTON, JOHN. Poetical Works.

NENNIUS. Six Chronicles.

Nuttall Encyclopaedia, The. Edited by Rev. James Wood.

PEPYS, SAMUEL. Diary of.

PERCY, THOMAS. Reliques of Ancient English Poetry.

POPE, ALEXANDER. Poetical Works.

RAWNSLEY, Rev. Canon. Memories of the Tennysons.

RHYS, Dr. J. Celtic Britain.

RITSON, JOSEPH. Robin Hood.

ROLLIN, Prof. CHARLES. . Ancient History.

SEYFFERT, Dr. OSKAR. Dictionary of Classical Antiquities, Mythology, Religion, Literature and Art.

SHAKESPEARE, WILLIAM. Works.

SLOANE, Sir HANS. Manuscript.

SPENSER, EDMUND. Poetical Works.

TAPPAN, EVA M. Heroes of the Middle Ages.

TURNER, SHARON. History of the Anglo-Saxons.

WAGNER, Dr. W. Epics and Romances of the Middle Ages. Trans- lated by W. M. Macdowall.

Webster's International Dictionary.

WORDSWORTH, WILLIAM. Poetical Works.

Printed in England by Butler & Tanner, Selwood Printing Works, Frome, Somerset .

AUG4 1961

PR 5580

Baker, Arthur Ernest A Tennyson dictionary

PLEASE DO NOT REMOVE CARDS OR SLIPS FROM THIS POCKET

UNIVERSITY OF TORONTO LIBRARY