RETURN TO
LIBRARY OF MARINE BIOLOGICAL LABORATORY

WOODS HOLE, MASS.

LOANED BY AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY

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THE

TERRESTRIAL

AIR-BREATHING MOLLUSKS

OF

THE UNITED STATES, &c.

CENTRAL PAFK
NEW Y"RK.

THE

TERRESTRIAL

AIR-BREATHING MOLLUSKS

OF

THE UNITED STATES,

AND THE

ADJACENT TERRITORIES OF NORTH AMERICA:

DESCRIBED AND ILLUSTRATED BY

AMOS BINNEY.

EDITED BT

AUGUSTUS A. GOULD.

•«

VOL. IH. PLATES.

BOSTON:

LITTLE, BROWN AND COMPANY.
MDCCCLVII.

CAMBRIDGE:
PRINTED BY H. O. HOUGHTON AND COMPANY.

PRELIMINARY REMARKS.

IN November, 1834, Dr. Binney began read-
ing, to the Boston Society of Natural History,
a series of papers, entitled "A Monograph of
the Helices inhabiting the United States," and
published them in successive numbers of the
Journal, dating from May, 1837, to April, 1843.
These were illustrated by colored lithographic
figures, in most instances representing both the
animal and the shell. This attempt tended to
show him how imperfect were the conceptions
either he or any one else had formed of the
extent and interest of this special fauna ; and
led him. to conceive the design of remodelling
the whole work, and of issuing it, at his own
expense, as a contribution to science, with new
illustrations, in a style which should not be sur-
passed by any other publication. To obtain
ample materials for fulfilling the project as he
had designed it, he employed a collector for

6 PRELIMINARY REMARKS.

two winters, who traversed Florida, Alabama,
Tennessee, Arkansas, and Texas, and brought
home many new species, of types imperfectly
known. The first volume, containing the Anat-
omy, Physiology, and General History of the
Family, was then put in print ; still, new in-
formation was constantly accumulating, and he
resolved again to remodel it, adding also the
Histology of the animals.

He had not advanced far before his health
began to fail him ; and he went to Europe, for
the double purpose of invigoration and of super-
intending the execution of the engravings which
remained to be done. His death in Rome soon
followed, (February, 1847 ;) and, as already
stated in the first volume, he requested and
provided that the work should be completed by
some other hand. It was supposed that this
task might be readily accomplished. But such
was the dispersed state of the materials, and
such a series of uncontrollable losses and mis-
carriages by steam and flood and fire ensued,
that it was not until 1851 that the volumes of
text were completed ; and six years more have
now elapsed in completing the volume of illus-
trative plates. An irreparable loss was sustained

PRELIMINARY REMARKS. 7

in the death of the artist Lawson, of Philadel-
phia, who fully understood the views of the au-
thor, and whose exquisite engravings are unsur-
passed by any thing of the kind extant. The
remaining plates were undertaken by Delarue,
of Paris, who was almost equally skilled and
successful. But he, too, died, and the work was
continued by artists trained by him ; their suc-
cess was but indifferent, and some of the plates
are so poorly engraved and colored that they are
admitted with great reluctance, and nothing but
the dread of further delay has deterred from
having them executed again. In justice to our-
selves, we must say, that our intentions to have
the work carried out as it was begun were most
sincere, and our efforts to succeed have been
most unwearied. For the serial irregularities in
the numbering of the plates, and for erroneous
references from the text to the figures, we must
express extreme regret, but will attempt no
apology.

Meantime, new explorations have brought to
light new species, and have, in many instances,
induced modifications of the views expressed
concerning species previously known. Espec-
ially may this be said in relation to explorations

8 PRELIMINARY REMARKS.

in the regions bordering on the Pacific. No
extended rectifications, however, will be here
attempted, as it is judged best that the work
should represent, as it does, the state of knowl-
edge at the time when it was written. And we
leave it thus the less reluctantly, as we are
happy to know that the tastes and purpose of
the father have descended to the son, from whom
we may hope to receive, in due time, a critical
emendation and amplification of this Monograph,
as the fruit of his exhaustive research in the
same field of investigation.

It has been thought proper, however, to insert
in this volume the description of one species,
which was accidentally omitted in its place ; and
also to quote the descriptions of several other
North American species, which have been re-
cently published, so as to embody all the species
at present known. Nearly all of them we have
seen, and regard them as true species.

EDITOR.

BOSTON, Jan. 1857.

DESCRIPTIONS

OF

ADDITIONAL SPECIES.

HELIX BUCCULENTA, GoULD.
PLATE XI a.

T. subglobosa, vix perforata, concinne striata, luteo-cornea ; an-
fractibus quinque rotundatis ; apertura sub-circulari ; peristomate
albo reflexo ; palati interdum unidentati.

SYXONYMS AND REFERENCES.

H. Imcatlenta, GOULD, Proceed. Boston Soc..Nat. Hist. III. 40. June, 1848.

DESCRIPTION.

ANIMAL, not examined.

SHELL. Globose-conic, more or less elevated, rather
thin, shining, pale yellowish green, surface regularly and

VOL. III. 2

10 HELICID^.

delicately furrowed by the striae of growth. Whorls
five or a little more, rounded, and separated by a well-
impressed suture ; base convex ; aperture rounded ; peri-
treme forming nearly two thirds of a circle, rather
broadly reflexed, white, somewhat flesh-colored behind,
not completely covering a small umbilical perforation.
The palate sometimes bears a small white tooth at the
middle, but oftener not.

Diameter, three fifths of an inch ; axis, from three to
five tenths of an inch.

GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION. The Southern States,
from Georgia to Texas.

REMARKS. This is a very neat shell, intermediate in
its size and characters between H. tliyroidus and H.
clausa. It is smaller than the former, and very often
possesses a palatal tooth much like it. It is larger and
darker colored than H. clausa, which never has a tooth
in the aperture. It varies widely hi elevation, sometimes
being as depressed as H. appressa, and sometimes as
prominent as H. elevata. Notwithstanding there is a
very close affinity of this shell with H. clausa , a name
which it has usually borne with a query, I think its
group of characters, with its sectional distribution, will
entitle it to be regarded as a true species. The figure
in Fe'russac, plate 50 a, fig. 7, is a good representation
of it.

HELIX. 1 1

HELIX DEVIA, GOULD.

Testa orbiculatodepressa, oblique striata, dilute fusco-cornea,
umbilieo modieo canaliculate perforate ; spira anfractibus sex con-
vex!.*, ultimo ad peripheriam rotundato; apertura transversa,
oblique lunata, ad anfractum penultimum unidentata, dente tri-
gono ; labro albo, late reflex o, ad basim horizontal!, umbilicum
aliquanto ambiente.

SYNONYMS AND REFERENCES.

H. devia, GOULD; Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist. II. 165. Aug. 1846;

Mollusca of the Exploring Expedition, p. 69, fig. 74.
PFEIFFER, Monog. Helic. I. 383.
H. Baskervillei, PFEIF., Proc. Zool. Soc. 1849'.
KEEVE, Conch. Icon, fig. 684.

SHELL solid, depressed globose, pale yellowish horn
color, or brown, with fine lines of growth. Whorls six,
convex, suture well defined. Beneath slightly convex,
and perforated by a moderate-sized umbilicus, which
appears to have an obtuse channel revolving on the
whorls within it. Periphery rounded. Aperture trans-
verse, obliquely lunate ; lip white, or sometimes rufous,
rather broadly reflected, horizontal at base, the inner
edge dilated into an elongated, lamellar, white process,
and abruptly turning up to form a short columella, where
it dilates, and partly surrounds the umbilicus. Near the
upper margin, and( on the penultimate whorl, is a white
trigonal tooth.

Diarn. f inch ; axis, ^ of an inch. Found at Puget's
Sound, and in Oregon.

12

It has the form of H. Townsendiana, -without its in-
dented surface. It also closely resembles the southern
form of H. palliala, or still more, a small H. elevata.

HELIX RAMENTOSA, GOULD.

T. suborbicularis, depressa, tenuis, perforata, fulva fascia fusca
albo-marginata ad peripheriam cincta, lineis incrementalibus et
sulcis decussantibus pariter obliquis granulata ; anfr. 5£ convex-
iusculis, ultimo obtuse augulato ; sutura valde impressa : apertura
oblique; oblongo-ovata ; peritremate postic£ acuto, sensim versus
umbilicum reflexo, albo ; fauce rufescente.

SYNONYMS AND REFERENCES.

Helix ramentosa, GOULD, Proc. Best. Soc. Nat. Hist. (Oct. 1856,) VI. 11.

Axis, half an inch ; diameter, four fifths of an inch.

Habitat, California. In the Cabinet of Dr. W. New-
comb.

Agrees well with H. zonata, Pfr., in which the um-
bilicus is represented larger, and no allusion is made to
the peculiar rasp-like decussation.

HELIX ^ERUGINOSA, GOULD.

Testa globoso-conica, solidula, umbilicata, indentata et minutis-
gime granulata, coloribus rufo-olivaeeis et flavis variegata et fascia
fusca cincta ; anfractibus septem convexis : apertura rotundato-
ovata ; labro reflexo, incarnato ; fauce livida.

SYNONYMS AND REFERENCES.

Jltlix ceruginosa, GOULD, Proc. P>ost. Soc. Nat. Hist. (Feb. 1855,) V. 137.

HELIX. 1

Q

DIAM. If poll. ; axis, f to ^ poll.

Brought from San Francisco by Dr. Bigelow and by
Mr. Samuels.

With the general form and coloring of H. Townsend-
iana it has the aperture of H. tudiculata. The former
has a different aperture, revolving striae, and is destitute
of a band ; the latter is not umbilicated ; neither have a
granulated surface.

HELIX INFUMATA, GOULD

Testa ruagna, discoidea, biconvexa, ad peripheriam obtuse cari-
nata, late umbilicata, supra infumata et rugis minutis obliquis
asperata, infra nigenima, nitida et minutissime granulata; anfract.
61 convexiusculis : apertura rhomboidea ; labro rufo, basi reflex-
iusculo ; fauce sericea, lilacina, prope labrum fuscescente.

SYNONYMS AND REFERENCES.

Helix infumata, GOULD, Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist. (Feb. 1855,) V. 137.

DIAM. l£ ; axis, f poll.

Brought from San Francisco by Dr. Bigelow.

It has the form and color of H. plicata, Born, without
its complicated aperture. It might, at first, be mistaken
for H. Nuttalliana,) but is distinguished by its lenticular
form, smoky black color, and its peculiar rasp-like granu-
lated surface.

HELIX OREGONENSIS, LEA.

Testa subcarinata, tennis, Ircvis, rufb-fusca, ad carinam bifas-
ciata, superne subconvexa, interne subiuflata,

14 HELICIDJS.

SYNONYMS AND REFERENCES.

//. Oref/onensis, LEA, Trans. Amer. Philos. Soc. VI. 100, read July, 1837 :
PFEIFFER, Monog. Helic. II. 339.

Obs. on Genus Unio, etc. II. 100, pi. 23, f. 85.

THE above description is confessedly defective, as the
specimens described were immature ; but they were evi-
dently, on comparison, the young of the following, the
description of which fully represents the species. The
two should therefore be united, with the prior name, H.
Dupetithouarsii, Desh.

Testa umbilicata, orbiculato-convexa, laevigata vel substriata,
saturate castanea, superne pallidior, nigrescenti-rufo cingulata ;
spira conoideo-obtusa ; anfr. 7-8 angusti, convexiusculi, ultimus
in flatus ; apertura ovato-semilunaris, intus alba, fasciata ; peris-
toma simplex, brevissirn^ reflexum, margine columellari arcuato,
superue dilatato-reflexo, umbilicum mediocrem non occultante.

SYNONYMS AND REFERENCES.

Helix Dupetithouarsii, DESHAYES, Revue Zool. 1839, p. 360.
GUERIN, Mng. 1841, tab. 30.
CHEMN., 2cl ed. 319, tab. 56, f. 3-5.
PFEIFFER, Monog. Helic. I. 338.

DIAM. maj. 29, min. 25 ; alt, 17 mill.
Inhabits California and Oregon.

HELIX AREOLATA, SOWERBY.

T. perforata, orbiculato-conoidea, striata, nitidula, alba, lineis
fuscis interruptis vari£ ornata ; spira depresso-conoidea ; anfractus

HELIX. 15

quinque convexiusculi, ultimus vix descendens, basi parum con-
vexus ; apertura rotundato-lunaris, intus fuscescens ; peristoma
acutum, intus sublabiatum, margine eolumellari breviter arcuato,
unidentato, dilitato, reflexo, perforationem fer£ tegente.

SYNONYMS AND KEFEKENCES.

Helix areolata, SOWERRY, Brit. Mus.

PFEIF. in Zeitschr. f. Malak. 1845, p. 154;

Mouog. Helic. I. 152.
PHILIPPI, Icon. II. 15, tab. 9, f. 4.
CHEMN., ed. 2, No. 226, tab. 36, f. 10-13.

DIAM. maj. 26, min. 23 ; alt. 18 mill.
Hal. In Oregon and California.

HELIX PANDORAS, FORBES.

H. testa obtecte perforata, depresso-globosfi, tenui, rugulosa,
concentrice minutissim£ striata, anfractibus (5) supra periphe-
riam fuscis (vel violaceis) infra et prope peripheriam albidis fusco
cingulatii basi albidis ; apertura rotuudatfi intus fusca albido fas-
ciata, margine interne incrassato, albo ; peristoniate reflexiusculo,
extus albo-labiato, margine eolumellari dilatato, reflexo, umbili-
cum occultante.

SYNONYMS AND REFERENCES.

H. Pandoras, FORBES, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1850, p. 55, pi. 9, fig. 3 a, b.
//. damascenus, GOULD, Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist. Oct. 1856, VI. 11.

DIAM. max. 17, min. 16 ; alt. 14 mill.

Forbes gives the " Vicinity of the Straits of Juan del

16 HELICID^!.

Fuaco " as the habitat, though he previously says that
the box was labelled " Santa Barbara." The specimens
I saw from the collection of Dr. Newcomb came from
the " desert region east of California ; " so that I have
no doubt the southern locality is the true one. My
specimens were larger than those given above, and were
in many respects like H. alauda ; and I unfortunately
described them before noticing the Zoological Pro-
ceedings.

HELIX EXIGUA, STIMPSON.

Testa minuta, discoidea, pellucida, corneo-viridescens, supra
convexiuscula, infra concava ; anfrac. 3^ convexis, spiraliter
striatis, et [apice excluso] costis longitudinalibus reniotis strias
incrcmenti oblique decussantibus instructis ; anfractu ultimo ro-
tundato ; sutura impressa ; umbilico lato : apertura rotundata ;
labro siinplici.

SYNONYMS AND REFERENCES.

Helix exiyua, STIMPSON, Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist. III. 175, Jan. 1850.
DlAM. .078 poll.

Hob. Massachusetts, prope Bostoniae.

Young specimens of H. striatella, which it much re-
sembles, have nearly one whorl less, want the revolving
lines, and have the whorls somewhat angular instead of
rounded. Usually found under dead leaves, in low,
moist places.

HELIX. 17

HELIX HINDSI, PFEIFFER.

Testa anguste umbilicata, depressa, subtiliter striata, eorneo-
lutescens, diapliana, nitida ; spira parum elevata ; anfractus quin-
que planiusculi, ultinius basi convexior ; antice superne deflexus,
subtus constrictus ; umbilicus pervius ; apertura perobliqua, luua-
ris, ringens ; peristoma breviter reflexum, marginibus conniven-
libus, callo triaiigulari, deutiformi, bicruri junctis, dextro lamella
subverticali, basali dentibus 2 acutis niunito.

SYNONYMS AND REFERENCES.

H. Bindsi, PFEIF. in Proc. Zool. Soc. 1845, p. 132; Monog. Helic. I. 410.
CHEMN., 2d ed. No. 386, tab. 65, f. 7, 8.

DIAM. maj. 8, min. 7 ; alt. 4-j mill.

Inhabits Mexico and Texas.

Obs. Dentram formatione persimilis H. ventrosulge ;
difFert magnitudine, umbilico regulari, pervio, anfracti-
bus arctioribus, ultimo minus inflate, baud gibbo, etc.

HELIX HOPETONENSIS, SHUTTLEWORTH.

Testa anguste et vix pervie unibilicata, depresso-globosa, con-
fertim costulato-striata, olivaceo-cornea, lardeo-nitens ; spira ob-
tusa, convexa ; anfr. 5^ convexiusculi, tiltimus antic^ vix deflec-
tus, ad aperturam constrictus ; apertura lunaris, tridentata ; dente
mediocri linguiformi in parieti aperturali paululum intrante ;
perist. reflexuni, iutus ctillo albo tenui labiatum, margine dextro
dente parvo paululum inimerso, basali dente marginali niunito.

VOL. III. 3

18 HELICID^E.

SYNONYMS AND REFERENCES.

Helix tridentata, var. BINN. in Bost. Journ. III. p. 382, tab. 18, f. 2.

FERUSSAC, Hist. tab. 51, f. 3, parva ad sinistram.

DIAM. maj. 13, min. 11 ; alt. 6 mill.

Hob. Prope Hopeton, Georgia, copiosisshne.

Obs. Differt ab H. fallaci, umbilico angustiori vix
pervio, colore saturation, peristomate minus incrassato
et dentibus inter se magis remotis. Hue forsan pertinet
figura Cheinn., ed. 2, t. 64, f. 7-9 ad fallacem laudata.
Variat quoad diniensiones ; speciinina duplo fere niinora
occurrunt.

HELIX RUGEL.I, SHUTTLEWORTH.

Testa obtecte perforata, orbiculato-convexa, granulato-striata,
parce setosa, corneo-cerea ; spira brevis, obtusa ; anfr. 5|-, con-
vexiusculi, ultimus antice subito deflexus, ad aperturam valde
constrictus ; apertura depressa, dente valido liuguifornri flexuoso
in pariele aperturali intrante coarctata ; perist. reflexuin, intus
callosum, margine dextro dente maguo obtuso profunde immerso
extus scrobiculato, basali dente minore transverso submargiuali
instructo.

DIAM. maj. 13, min. HA ; alt. 6| mill.
Hob. In Tennessee, (Rugel.)

Obs. Specimina plurima vidi. Variat in inagnitu-
dine, sed semper major quam H. inflecta Say, cui max-
ime affinis ; diflfert insuper dente parietali niagis evoluto

HELIX. 1 9

et angulatiin flexuoso, et dente supero marginis clextri
peristomatis crasso et valcle immerso.

HELIX MORDAX, SHUTTLEWORTH.

i

Testa late et perspective umbilicata, depressa, sublenticularis,

carinata, tennis, luteo-cornea, strigis rufis interruptis fasciatiin
orriata, costis validis flexuosis remotis utrinque exiinie asperata ;
anfr. 5j, plani ; apertura perobliqua, angulatim lunari-ovalis ;
perist. simplex, acutum.

DIAM. maj. 18, min. 16 ; alt. 6 mill.
Hob. in mont. Carolinae Septent. ; specimina ultra
12 legit Rugel. Diam. maj. 7^-, min. 6^ ; alt. 3 mill.

Obs. H. alternates valde affinis, seel costis validiori-
bus, ad 1 mill, inter se remotis, distincta. H. Cumber-
landiana, Lea, (forsan mere forma monstruosa) quacum
carina congruit, difFert (ex icone) teste tantum tenuiter
striata nee costata.

ZONITES PLACENTULA, SHUTTLEWORTH.

Testa aperte umbilicata, clepressissima, arctispira, nitidissima,
striis distantibus irregularibus impressis notata, cornea, diaphana,
subtus concolor ; anfr. 7, lentissime accrescentes, vix convexius-
culi, ultimus subtus convexus, ad umbilicuin subexcavatus ; aper-
tura obliqua, lunaris ; peristoma simplex, acutum.

nab. in Tennessee, Amer. Sept., specimina pauca
legit Rugel.

20

Obs. Z. demissa, Binn. affinis, sed testa depressiore,
umbilico latiore, et prsesertim absentia calli albi opaci in
fundo anfractus ultimi distinctissima.

ZONITES MACILENTA, SnuTTLEWORTH,

Testa late et perspective umbilicata, depressa, arctispira, cor-
neo-flavescens, dlaplmna, superne striata vix nitida, subtus Ix-
viuscula, nitida, concolor ; spira depressissime rotundata, obtusa ;
anfr. 8 lentissime accrescentes, subconvexi, ultiinus in fundo eallo
albo subdentiformi profunde intrante praeditus ; apertura lunari-
semicircularis ; perist. simplex, acutum.

DIAM. niaj. 8, min. 7£ ; alt. 3 mill.

Hob. in Tennessee oriental!, semel legit Rugel.

06s. Species instructiva, forma cohortem " Patula "
Held, callo dentiformi " Gastrodonta " Albers (H. sup-
pressa, Say, etc.) testae textura autern Zonitis sectioneni
" Hyalina Fer." referens.

HELIX UVULIFERA, SHUTTLEWOETH.

Testa rimato-perforata, superne planiusoula, subtus iuflata,
striata, cinereo-albida, solidula, nitidula ; anfr. 5, lente accrescen-
tes, angusti, ultimus ad aperturam subito deflexus, subtus devius,
scrobiculato-constrictus ; apertura valde obliqua, auriformis, rin-
gens, valde coarctata ; perist. acutum, reflexo-patulum, marginibus
plica linguiformi oblonga medio excavata profunde intrante junc-
tis, dcxtro lamella profunde iinniersa in apicula filiform! reflexa
desinente, basali tuberculo dentiformi obliquo et sinuoso instructo.

HELIX. 21

DIAM. maj. 12, min. 11 ; alt. 7 mill.
Hal). In Insulis parvis " Long Keys," sinu dicto
" Sarazota " Florida Austr. (Rugel.)

Obs. Specimina numerosissima examinavi. Proxime
H. auriculatse affinis, sed textura, colore, ac apertura
minus coarctata, peristoinateque minus producto satis
distincta. H. Ariadne Pfr. in Chemn. ed. 2, tab. 65,
f. 29-31, etiam affinis, at differt figura testae tantum
rimata sine vestigio perforationis. Nonien specificum
ab apicula lamellae marginis dextri peristomatis, uvulae
humanse hand dissiniili, assumptum, sed character hie in
omnibus speciebus affinibus plus minusve obvius est.

The preceding six species were described in a series
of pamphlets, entitled " Diagnosen neuer Mollusken."
These are found in No. 2.

HELIX BARBIGERA, REDFIELD,

Testa imperforata, acute carinata, lenticular!, tenuiscula, corneo-
fusca, epidermide superne striis asperata, quse ad suturam et cari-
nam in ciliis products sunt ; basi convexa ; spira convexinscula ;
anfractibus 5^, subplanis, ultimo subit6 paululum deflexo ; aper-
tura perobliqua, transversa, auriformi, dente modico linguiformi
oblique intrante in toto pariete aperturali coarctata ; peristomate
calloso, marginibus incrassatis et reflexiusculis, basali subsinuato,

integro.

SHELL imperforate, sharply carinate, rather thin, dark
horn-colored or brown ; the upper surface has the epi-

22 HELICIP.T;.

derails raised into acute stride, which at the suture and
carina are produced into short cilia or bristles ; these
epidermidal striae are sometimes seen beneath, but less
distinctly, being often obsolete in the mature shell ; basal
surface convex, but indented in the umbilical region ;
spire slightly convex ; whorls five and a half, rather flat,
last one suddenly but slightly deflected ; aperture very
oblique, transverse, ear-shaped, narrowed by a rather
slender, tongue-shaped tooth, which extends nearly across
the whole width of the aperture ; peristome callous,
margins slightly but distinctly reflected, and thickened
within, basal margin slightly arcuate, but entire.

Diam. maj. 10 mill. ; diam. min. 9 mill. ; alt. 6 mill.

Habitat. Habersham County, Georgia, where it was
collected by Bishop Elliott. Northwestern Georgia, Mr.
Pierce.

REMARKS. Smaller and more delicate than H. spi-
nosa ; striae more numerous, thickly set with fine cilise,
which project at the periphery in a fine fringe, and not
like short triangular aculei, as in Spinosa. The umbi-
lical region is less depressed, the parietal tooth much
more delicate, and does not overlap the lip, which stands
off from the shell, and is not appressed to it. H. Ed-
gariana is much more solid and elevated, has the parie-
tal tooth more developed, the outer lip notched, as in H.
hirsuta, but has about the same diameter.

HELIX. 23

HELIX ELLIOTTI, REDFIELD.

Testa angust6 umbilicata, orbiculato-depressa, striattila, virente-
cornea, subdiapkana, subtus nitida ; spira convexa, paruru elata ;
anfractibus quinque, convexiusculis, ultimo vix depresso ; sutura
irnpressa ; apertura obliqua, lunato-circulari ; peristomate sinuato,
acuto, intiis incrassato.

SHELL with rather a narrow umbilicus, depressed-
orbiculate, with fine transverse striae, greenish horn-
colored, hardly translucent, shining beneath ; spire con-
vex but not much raised : whorls five, rather convex,
last one sometimes very slightly depressed at the aper-
ture ; suture deeply impressed ; aperture very oblique,
lunate-circular, peristome a little sinuate, acute, but
thickened within.

Diam. rnaj. 9 mill. ; diam. mm. 8 mill. ; alt. 4 mill,
Habitat. Mountains of Georgia and North Carolina,
where it was collected by Bishop Elliott in great abun-
dance, under the bark of decayed stumps and logs.

REMARKS. It is larger and more solid than H. arbo-
rea, with a less spreading umbilicus and more oblique
aperture. In general form, it is more like a large H.
indentata. It also has relations to H. placentula, but
has fewer whorls. It may be most readily recognized
by its transverse aperture, and thickened, somewhat
sinuous lip.

INDEX TO PLATES.

PLATE I.
HELIX MAJOR Binney, p. 96.

PLATE II.

HELIX ALBOLABRIS Say, with the animal. Lingual
teeth, p. 102. The arrow indicates the central range ; a,
the lateral portion, the continuation of which is placed
above ; b, a longitudinal series of hooks, showing their in-
clination forwards, p. 99.

n-t
\. I .-?

PLATE III.
HELIX MULTILINEATA Say, with the animal, p. 103.

PLATE IV.

HELIX CLAUSA Say. Hypopus concolor, Haldeman,
the minute acaridian which infests the animal of this and
other species, p. 107.

PLATE V.

HKLIX COLUMBIANA Lea, p. 169.

VOL. III. 4

26 INDEX TO PLATES.

PLATE VI.

Fig. 1. HELIX NICKLINIANA Lea. H. Calif orniensis,
Reeve, Conch. Icon. f. 661. The centre figure is regarded
as a variety, but may be a distinct species, p. 119.

Fig. 2. HELIX CALIFORNIENSIS Lea. If. vincta,
Valenc. Voyage de la Venus, pi. 1, fig. 2. Reeve, Conch.
Icon. fig. 660. p. 121.

PLATE VI a.
HELIX NICKLINIANA Lea, full-sized specimens, p. 119.

PLATE VII.

HELIX PENNSYLVANIA Green, p. 105.

PLATE VIII.

HELIX HORTENSIS M ii 1 1 e r , represents the plain, un-
banded variety, (Jf. sub-globosa, Binney.) To the cis-
Atlantic localities I am able to add " head of St. George's
Bay, Newfoundland," whence I have received four diffei'-
ently banded varieties, (1854.) p. 111.

PLATE IX.

HELIX ELEVATA Say, p. 126.

PLATE X.
HELIX EXOLETA S a y , p. 131. Lingual booklets, p. 200.

PLATE XI.

HELIX THYROIUUS, Say, p. 129. Lingual booklets,
p. 131.

INDEX TO PLATES. 27

PLATE XI a.

HELIX BUCCULENTA Gould.

By some unfortunate arrangement of the copy, the de-
scription of this species was wholly omitted in the text. It
is incidentally alluded to on pages 91 and 109. The omis-
sion may be partly remedied by the insertion of the descrip-
tion here. See page 9.

PLATE XII.
HELIX DENTIFERA Binney, p. 134.

PLATE XIII.

HELIX APPRESSA Say, p. 140.

PLATE XIII a.

HELIX DIVESTA Gould. This species appears in the
text, under the name of H. abjecta, which name had been
previously employed by Lowe (Fauna Maderensis) for a
Madeira shell. The above name is therefore substituted.
On page 135, at the bottom, for abjecta read divesta. p. 122.
V^\-TU^etA*VvYi'

PLATE XIV.

HELIX PALLIATA Say, with the animal. The lingual
booklets following the description, page 139, are those of
Tebennophorus Carolinensis. p. 136.

PLATE XV.

HELIX PALLIATA Say, the carinate variety, ( Caracolla
helicoides, Lea.) p. 138.

28 INDEX TO PLATES.

PLATE XVI.

vte yvi«-

HELIX TUDICULATA Binney, p. 117.

PLATE XVII.

Fig. 1. HELIX PULCHELLA Miiller, p. 175. Lin-
gual booklets, p. 209.

Fig. 2. HELIX MINUSCULA Binney, p. 221.

For PLATE XVH a, read PLATE XVII.

Fig. 3. HELIX LABTRINTHICA Say, p. 202. Lingual
booklets, p. 260.

Fig. 4. HELIX CHERSINA Say, p. 243.

PLATE XVIII.
HELIX NUTTALLIANA Lea, p. 159.

PLATE XIX.
HELIX TOWNSENDIANA Lea, p. 161.

PLATE XX.

HELIX VANCOUVERENSIS Lea, p. 166.

PLATE XXI.

HELIX CONCAVA Say, p. 163.

PLATE XXII.

HELIX PROFUNDA Say, p. 177. Lingual booklets,
p. 179.

INDEX TO PLATES. 29

PLATE XXII a.

Fig. 1. HELIX SPORTELLA Gould, p. 211.

Fig. 2. HELIX LUCIDA Drap. p. 233.

Found also on the banks of the Mohawk, and near Col-
umbus, Ohio, by Mr. J. Bartlett.

Fig. 3. HELIX EGENA Say, p. 245.

The lingual booklets placed after the description, p. 246,
are unknown.

PLATE XXIII.
HELIX SAYI Binney, p. 180.

PLATE XXIV.

HELIX SOLITARIA Say, p. 208.

The lingual booklets at the end of the description, p 209,
are those of H. pulchella.

-\ . rVy -«.V»MS. * TV*. ' '

•>3 ^ (vwvjv- ., i \' v— v\>»-v- vy)(x\\

PLATE XXV.

HELIX ALTERNATA Say, p. 212. Lingual booklets,
p. 215.

PLATE XXVI.

HELIX CUMBERLANDIANA Lea, p. 216.

PLATE XXVI a.
HELIX STRIGOSA Gould, p. 210.

PLATE XXVII.

HELIX TRIDENTATA Say. The vertical series repre-

30 INDEX TO PLATES.

sents specimens from the Western States ; the lateral figures
represent New England forms. The lingual booklets are
represented after the description, page 185. p. 183.

PLATE XXVIII.

HELIX TRIDENTATA Say. This plate represents the
form called by Mr. Say Helix fallax. p. 183.

PLATE XXIX.

Fig. 1. HELIX ELECTRINA Gould, p. 236.
Fig. 2. HELIX INDENTATA Say, p. 242.
Fig. 3. HELIX ARBOREA Say, p. 235.
Fig. 4. HELIX CELLARIA Mil Her, p. 230.

PLATE XXIX a.

Fig. 1. HELIX CAPSELLA Gould, p. 239.
Fig. 2. HELIX LORICATA Gould, p. 145.
Fig. 3. HELIX OTTONIS Pfeiffer, p. 238.
Fig. 4. HELIX SAXICOLA Pfeiffer, p. 174.

PLATE XXX.

Fig. 1. HELIX PERSPECTIVA Say, p. 256.
Fig. 2. HELIX STRIATELLA Anthony, p. 217.
Fig. 3. HELIX LIMATULA B i n n e y . Lingual booklets,
after the description undetermined, p. 219.
Fig. 4. HELIX INTERNA Say, p. 247.

PLATE XXXI.
HELIX FULIGINOSA Say, p. 222.

INDEX TO PLATES. 31

PLATE XXXII.

HELIX LUCUBRATA Say. Reeve seems to have taken
this for H. fuliginosa. Conch. Iconica, fig. 675. p. 225.

PLATE XXXIII.
HELIX SUBPLANA Binney, p. 229.

PLATE XXXIV.

HELIX INORNATA Say. Lingual booklets, after the
description undetermined, p. 227.

PLATE XXXV.

HELIX LIGERA Say. Lingual booklets appended are
unknown, p. 204.

PLATE XXXVI.
HELIX INTERTEXTA Binney, p. 206.

PLATE XXXVII.

Fig. 1. HELIX SUPPRESSA Say, p. 253.
Fig. 2. HELIX LASMODON Phillips. Accompanying
lingual booklets undetermined, p. 254.

Fig. 3. HELIX GULARIS Say, small variety, p. 250.
Fig. 4. HELIX GULARIS Say, large typical form, p. 250.

PLATE XXXVIII.

HELIX SEPTEMVOLVA Say. The vertical series repre-
sents the typical form. The lateral figures represent the

32 INDEX TO PLATES.

small variety. A lamellar fold, beginning about one fourth
of a volution within the aperture, and running somewhat
obliquely about half a volution along the columellar side,
has not hitherto been specified in descriptions, though it has
been noticed by several observers ; and distinguishes this
shell from H. paludosa, and other West Indian species,
p. 196.

PLATE XXXIX.

Fi"-. 1. HELIX SEPTEMVOLVA Say. The small con-

O *

vex variety, p. 198.

Fig. 2. HELIX PLICATA Say, (should be H. fatiyiata
Say,)°p. 193.

Fig. 3. HELIX PUSTULA Say, p. 201.

Fig. 4. HELIX FATIGIATA Say. The large, flattened,
carinated variety, p. 195.

PLATE XL.
Fi"1. 1. HELIX AUKICULATA Say. The mature shell.

O " •*

p. 186.

Fig. 2. HELIX AUKICULATA Say. The young shell,
described by Say under the name of Helix avara. Lin-
gual booklets, p. 189.

PLATE XL a.
Fi°-. 1. HELIX LEPORINA Gould. The annexed cut

O

of lingual booklets is that of H. exoleta. p. 199.
Fig. 2. HELIX MAXILLATA Gould, p. 157.
Fig. 3. HELIX GEKMANA Gould, p. 156.
Fig. 4. HELIX VULTU'OSA Gould, p. 189.

•

PLATE XLI.
HELIX MONODON Rackett. The upper series of

INDEX TO PLATES. 33

figures, with the closed umbilicus, represents the variety
separated by Mr. Say, under the name of H.fraterna. The
second series represents the H. Leai, Ward MS. The
third and fourth represent different sizes of the typical
form. p. 147.

PLATE XLII.

Fig. 1. HELIX DEMISSA Binney, p. 232.

Fig. 2. HELIX MOBILIANA Lea, p. 172.

Fig. 3. HELIX HIRSUTA Say. Small, subglobular
form. p. 150.

Fig. 4. HELIX HIRSUTA Say. Large, discoidal form.
Lingual booklets, p. 152.

PLATE XLIH.

HELIX BUFFONIANA Pfeiffer. This plate was un-
fortunately lettered " Helix aspersa," before it was discov-
ered to be different from that shell, p. 115.

PLATE XLIV.

Fig. 1. HELIX SPINOSA Lea, p. 153.
Fig. 2. HELIX EDGARIANA Lea, p. 155.

PLATE XLV.

Fig. l. HELIX TEXASIANA Moricand,p. 191.

Fig. 2. HELIX INFLECTA Say, (lettered fig. 3, in text,)
p. 143.

Fig. 3. HELIX INFLECTA Say. Regarded as the young
of fig. 2. Probably H. triodonta, Jan.

PLATE XL VI.
HELIX POLYCHROA Binney, (erroneously lettered

VOL. III. 5

34 INDEX TO PLATES.

" H. rhodocheila " on the plate.) Varieties £, ??, &, i.
p. 123.

PLATE XL VII.

HELIX POLYCHROA B i n n e y , (" H. rhodocheila," erro-
neously.) Varieties, «, (9, y, d, e. p. 124.

PLATE XLVIII.

Fig. 1. HELIX LINEATA Say, p. 261 ; (in text, pi. 68.)
Lingual booklets, p. 262.

Fig. 2. HELIX SELENINA Gould, (in the text, pi.
29 a, f. 2,) p. 240.

Since the printing of the text, a description of this shell
by Dr. Binney, under the name of H. tenuistriata, has been
discovered on the cover of the Boston Journal of Natural
History, Vol. IV. No. 1, 1842. It appears also to be iden-
tical with H. vortex Pfeiffer, (1839,) of several West India
Islands.

Fig. 3. HELIX MULTIDENTATA Binney, (in text, pi.
68,) p. 258.

The cut following the description represents the lingual
booklets of H. labyrinthica.

PLATE XLIX.

HELIX BERLANDERIANA, Moricand, Figures 1, 2.
Dr. Binney has indicated a shell under the name H. albo-
lineata, which can be nothing else than a variety of this
multiform species, p. 109.

PLATE L.

Fig. 1. BULIMUS DECOLLATUS Lin. p. 280.
Fig. 2. BULIMUS SERPERASTRUS Say, p. 274.

INDEX TO PLATES. 35

PLATE LI.

Fig. 1. BULIMTJS DEALBATUS Say. The typical form,
p. 276.

Fig. 2. BULIMUS DEALBATUS. The variety described
by Say as Bulimus alternatus, Say. p. 277.

PLATE LI a.

BULIMUS DEALBATUS Say. A thickened, elongated
form from Texas, the Bulimus lactarius, Menke. p. 277.

PLATE Lib.

BULIMUS DEALBATUS Say. A heavy blanched shell,
from Southern and Western Texas and New Mexico, appar-
ently the same as Bulimus Scheidianus, Pfeiffer, p. 277.

PLATE LII.

Fig. 1. BULIMUS FALLAX Gould, p. 288.
Fig. 2. PUPA MODICA Gould, p. 319.
Fig. 3. BULIMUS HARPA Say, p. 290.
Fig. 4. BULIMUS LUBRICUS Mil Her, p. 283.

PLATE LIII.

Fig. 1. BULIMUS EXIGUUS Say, p. 286.

Fig. 2. ACHATINA PELLUCIDA Pfeiffer. Found liv-
ing, by Mr. Bland, on dead leaves and sticks floating in
brackish water, Island of St. Thomas.

Fig. 3. ACHATINA GRACILLIMA Pfeiffer, p. 293.

Fig. 4. BULIMUS SUBULA Pfeiffer, p. 285.

36 INDEX TO PLATES.

PLATE LIV.

BULIMUS ZEBRA M u 1 1 e r . Common forms, young and
old. The large variety, with the animal, intended for
PLATES LIL, LIIL, have been omitted, p. 271.

PLATE LV.

BULIMUS FASCIATUS Miiller. A solid, nearly color-
less variety, described by Mr. Say as Achatina solida,
young and old. p. 266.

PLATE LVI.

BULIMUS FASCIATUS. Varieties, p. 268.

PLATE LVII.

BULIMUS FASCIATUS. The variety described as Acha-
ina crenata, by Swainson. p. 268.

PLATE LVIII.

BULIMUS VIRGULATUS Ferussac, p. 278.

PLATE LIX.

GLANDINA TRUNCATA Say, p. 301. With the animal.
Extremity of the lingual organ, magnified, p. 297. A por-
tion of the organ still more largely magnified, p. 303.

PLATE LX.

GLANDINA TRUNCATA Say. Ordinary forms, p. 301.

INDEX TO PLATES. 37

PLATE LXL

GLANDFNA TRUNCATA Say. Elongated varieties, p.
301.

PLATE LXII.

Fig. 1. GLANDINA VANUXEMENSIS Lea, p. 299.
Fig. 2. GLANDINA TRUNCATA Say. Outline of a fusi-
form variety, p. 301.

PLATE LXII a.
GLANDINA BTJLLATA Gould, p. 298.

PLATE LXIII.

Fig. 1. TEBENNOPHORUS CAROLINIENSIS Bosc, p. 20.
Fig. 2. TEBENNOPHORUS CAROLINIENSIS. Convolutions
of the surface. Lingual booklets, p. 139.

Fig. 3. TEBENNOPHORUS DORSALIS Binney, p. 24.

PLATE LXIV.

Fig. 1. ARION HORTENSIS Ferussac, p. 27.
Fig. 2. LIMAX AGRESTIS M tiller, p. 36.
Fig. 3. LIMAX CAMPESTRIS Binney, p. 41.

PLATE LXV.

Fig. 1. LIMAX VARIEGATUS Draparnaud. The
lateral figures represent the manner in which the eggs are
strung together, p. 34.

Fig. 2. ARION HORTENSIS Ferussac, young speci-
mens, p. 27.

38 INDEX TO PLATES.

PLATE LXVI.

Fig. 1. LIMAX COLUMBIANUS Gould, p. 43. "With a
front view of the head, the form of the calcareous element,
and the anterior portion of the body when contracted. The
wood-cut following the description represents the lingual
booklets of Helicina orbiculata, p. 352.

Fig. 2. ARION FOLIOLATUS Gould, with magnified
patch of the foliated surface, p. 30.

Yv. .T, U V. **\UL * i!U$*4>, t~f*»*4 U

PLATE LXVII.
VAGINULUS FLORIDANUS Binney,p. 17.

PLATE LXVII a.

Fig. 1. VITRINA PELLUCID A Miiller, ( V. limpida,
Gould,) p. 55.

Fig. 2. SUCCINEA CONCORDIALIS Gould, p. 82.
Fig. 3. SUCCINEA OVALIS Gould, p. 78.
Fig. 4. SUCCINEA NUTTALLIANA Lea, p. 81.

PLATE LXVII b.

Fig. 1. SUCCINEA CAJIPESTRIS Say, p. G7.
Fig. 2. SUCCINEA OBLIQUA Say, p. 69. The variety
described by Mr. Lea as Succinea Totteniana, page 72.
Fig. 3. SUCCINEA OBLIQUA Say, p. 69.

PLATE LXVII c.

Fig. 1. SUCCINEA LUTEOLA Gould, p. 75.

Fig. 2. SUCCINEA OREGONENSIS Lea, p. 77.

Fig. 3. SUCCINEA AUREA Lea, p. 76.

Fig. 4. SUCCINEA AVARA Say, p. 73.

INDEX TO PLATES. 39

PLATE LXVIII.

PUPA MARITIMA Pfeiffer, p. 316. (The plate is
lettered " Pupa incana ; " see text, p. 313.)

PLATE LXIX.

Fig. 1. CYLINDRELLA PONTIFICA Gould, twice the
natural size, p. 306.

Fig. 2. CYLINDRELLA LACTARIA Gould, middle fig-
ure ; the tip magnified, p. 309.

Fig. 3. CYLINDRELLA JEJUNA Gould, central figure ;
base magnified, p. 320.

PLATE LXX.

Fig. 1. PUPA RUPICOLA Say, p. 341. Wood-cut of
apei'ture magnified, p. 342.

Fig. 2. PUPA CONTRACTA Say, p. 324. Wood-cut
of aperture magnified, p. 326.

Fig. 3. PUPA BADIA Adams, p. 323. Wood-cut of
aperture magnified, p. 324.

Fig. 4. PUPA ARMIFERA Say, p. 320. Wood-cut of
aperture magnified, p. 322.

.PLATE LXXL

Fig. 1. VERTIGO MILIUM Gould, p. 337. Wood-cut
of aperture magnified, p. 338.

Fig. 2. VERTIGO GOULDII B i n n e y , p. 332. Wood-
cut of aperture magnified, p. 333. (In text, " LXXII. "
by mistake.)

Fig. 3. PUPA DECORA Gould, p. 327.

Fig. 4. VERTIGO OVATA Say, p. 334. Wood-cuts of
aperture enlarged, p. 336. N\. *

40 INDEX TO PLATES.

PLATE LXXII.

Fig. 1. PUPA PENTODON Say. Wood-cut of the aper-
ture magnified, p. 330. That at the right represents the P.
Tappaniana of Adams ; that at the left, the P. curvidens,
Gould. By error, it is referred to PLATE LXII. in the
text. p. 328.

Fig. 2. PUPA VARIOLOSA Gould, p. 331.

Fig. 3. PUPA SIMPLEX Gould. The animal to which
the wood-cut at the end of the text refers, is unknown.
p. 343.

Fig. 4. PUPA CORTICARIA Say, p. 339. Wood-cuts
of the aperture magnified, p. 340.

PLATE LXXII a.

CTCLOSTOMA DENTATUM Say, p. 348. (Erratum in
text, " LXXII.")

PLATE LXXIII.

HELICINA ORBICULATA Say, several varieties, p. 352.
Lingual hooklets magnified, p. 44.

PLATE LXXIV.

Fig. 1. HELICINA RUBELLA, Green, p. 353.

Fig. 2. HELICINA OCCULTA Say, p. 356.

Fig. 3. HELICINA ORBICULATA Say, a large variety,
p. 352.

Fig. 4. HELICINA CHRYSOCHEILA Binney, p. 354.
The lingual organ, represented at the conclusion of the
text, is unknown.

Jft/(.\'

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//< /t.\' .1 i

//(//. r / '<( ////v •//r'y/.sv.v, /,,-,/.

•

V

i.

.

////>.r t'/t \'f//<(. .So.

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////// //////"///// v Sax

Ill It. r Inn-/ •n/fi/lfi

f/i-ff. I • it/i/nrss(t .-Say.

c

i I I,' /id- i,t!ni),ftr. ,:„„/,/ 2. ffe/ir t/i//,;r/,r . /;„„/,/.

I*" Ih-larut ,Ju-<?

/////.' i • />/ ////', r

//I//.V

, .. .. /i

/ /!'//. \' /t/l/ll'tl/ltftt

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: ///-//.I- />/ //,-// ,-//,/.

minuscula

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XXI'

,,,

////.r />t't>//(//</ti. Say.

.,,

.' fft'/u- t't/f/lef . .i;,y .

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/////. r \f/\ 7

PL. xy.

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i

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. .

XXVI

PL- ?'

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,

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//f/t.r /t/<-(t/ir«/n. Say

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n/i<r»tif(i say.

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///'//.I' (//t/ltf/X, X/r

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>

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llc/i.i le.poruia.

//<J//,r

llcli.r (jc
//(>/i, v mdtiioj'a

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PL , XLVOT

//•'//./• ///ii'dlii, .fay. a Hell, i~ ,ri'/t'/u/iii . t;,nit<t

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Bulimus

SI,,, »,/,„ K /..,*•„,„ ./,/

A

/tux It t'<t (;,>n!tf .
). ButiflUU /l(fi/'ICU,r. f'ouM •

3

t',ru)iiutn .

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to

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•

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-*

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ff .»

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* C&rolijuensis. Best fttiti<n"f cf

7 i bamcphoriis //> /:v////.v

y

; .//'/i'// fwrtensis. f/-r :: L/////I. r /itt/rxtix, Mull

.\' I'll ////>! Xt/'/X

¥

t. r rttrii'tittfnx. limp . //•/<•// hcrttflSlS. /•/•/•

.

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11,1 III:' ./.'I

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W

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<i'tf('i'//ti'<r if///'/ 'if, ,.,-,! 4. ,fiti'['f/it'ir

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iri /i-i /:'"?//if/f, <:••-,/,/,
•, // ." - .

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.

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,ft//tjft/(',l' , 1,','U/,/ -i /'///> tf I'l'/'/fl'l/

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