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Test Rules

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Register of Merit Rules

American
Jersey Cattle Club

Issued by the Club
May 4, 1015

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CONTENTS

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Rules Governing Test Supervisors................ 14

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Test Rules

Adopted January 29, 1913. Amended January 28 and
April 15, 1914, and May 4, 1915

AUTHENTICATED FAT TESTS

These are tests supervised by a representative of a
State, Provincial, or national experiment station or
agricultural college, who certifies as to the weight of
the milk, and the percentage of fat it contains, on the
days on which the cow is under official test.

Year’s Tests

1. Year’s tests cover a period of not more
than 365 consecutive days, and must be authenti-
cated by applying the Babcock test to a sample
of the milk of every milking during two consecu-
tive days in each month.

Required Yield

2. If the test is commenced the day the cow
is two years old, or previous to that day, she
must produce, within one year from the date the
test begins, 250.5 pounds butter-fat. For each
day the cow is over two years old at the begin-
ning of her year’s test, the amount of butter-fat
she must produce in the year is fixed by adding
0.1 (one-tenth) of a pound for each such day
to the 250.5 pounds required when two years old.
This ratio of increase applies until the cow is
five years old at the beginning of her test, when
the required amount will have reached 360

5

pounds, which will be the amount of butter-fat
required of all cows five years old or over. These
standards are based upon one complete year’s
record from the time of beginning, regardless of
any time which may be lost by being dry or
calving during that period.

The production of butter-fat in each month
is to be computed from the results obtained by
the official application of the Babcock test.

Seven, Fourteen and Thirty Days’ Tests

3. In the case of tests for seven, fourteen or
thirty days, the Babcock method must be applied
to a sample of the milk of every milking during
the test, and the milk of every milking must be
weighed.

No record will be accepted of a test of less
than twelve pounds of butter-fat in seven con-
secutive days.

No record will be accepted of a test for a period |

of thirty consecutive days, or any shorter period
down to seven days, unless the butter-fat amounts,
on the average, to one and seven-tenths pounds
per day.

No test for seven, fourteen or thirty days will
be accepted unless same has been begun at least
twenty-one days after the cow has freshened.

Fat Tests Made at Experiment
Stations

In cases where cows are owned by or have
been turned over to a State experiment station
or agricultural college to be tested for one year,
the animals remaining continuously at the station
and under the exclusive care and control of the
station officials during the entire period of the
test, such tests will be accepted as authenticated,

6

Sw eee

and the cows will be eligible to the Register of
Merit, provided:

First—That the yield of butter-fat meets the
requirements as to yield stated in these rules; and

Second.—That the report of the test is signed
and sworn to by the supervisor and countersigned
by the director or other qualified official of the
station, and that it has been conducted either
according to the regular rules or in accordance
with the following method:

1. The milk of each milking during the test
shall be weighed and the weight recorded.

2. The milk of each milking shall be carefully
mixed immediately after milking, and an aliquot
sample comprising as many cubic centimeters of
milk as the number of pounds of milk in the
milking shall be taken, placed in a composite
sample bottle and carefully preserved.

3. Each week composite samples representing
the milk of the entire week shall be tested for
fat, and the total fat in the week’s milk shall be
computed from the percentage of fat thus shown.

4. In any fraction of a week, the milk of which

is included in a test record, the fat percentage
_ shall be ascertained in the same way as in a full
week; and the fat production to be credited to
the cow shall be the total of the fat of all the
weeks and fractions of a week embraced by the
LOSE.

5. At the end of the test the experiment station
or agricultural college shall report the test fully
to the Club on a form furnished for the purpose,
certifying to the statements made.

~i

CONFIRMED BUTTER TESTS
Churn Tests

1. All confirmed tests shall be churn tests, con-
firmed by the Babcock, as hereinafter provided.

No test for seven, fourteen or thirty days will
be accepted unless same has been begun at least
twenty-one days after the cow has freshened.

Babcock Tests

2. In making confirmed tests, the supervisor
shall apply the Babcock test to the milk every day
during the period for which such test is made,
making a separate test of each milking; except
in the case of confirmed tests for yearly periods,
when he shall apply the test to each milking dur-
ing two consecutive days in each month. If such
application of the Babcock test practically con-
firms the test made by the churn, the “confirmed
test’? may be accepted by the Club.

Analysis of Butter

3. Every confirmed test shall be accompanied
by a chemical analysis of a sample of the butter
made at each churning; and no test shall be ac-
cepted wherein the butter averages less than
eighty per cent. of fat.

Computing the Butter

4. The churned butter made in confirmed tests
shall be computed on the basis of eighty-five per
cent. butter-fat, thus reducing butter containing
varying proportions of butter-fat to a common
basis for purposes of comparison.

8

Production Required

5. No record will be accepted of a confirmed
test for a shorter period than seven days, and no
record will be accepted for a period of thirty
consecutive days or any shorter period unless the
churned butter, analyzing eighty per cent. fat,
amounts, on the average, to two pounds per day.

No record will be accepted of a confirmed test
for a period of one year unless the churned butter,
analyzing eighty per cent. fat, 1s confirmed by
Babcock tests indicating yields of butter-fat at
the various ages in accordance with the provi-
sions for fat yield in authenticated fat tests.

Note.—In confirmed tests the supervisor makes re-
port, on a form furnished for the purpose, of the
weights of milk and fat, and calculates the equivalent
of the fat yield in eighty-five per cent. butter. The
owner of the cow makes report to the Club, on a sepa-
rate form, of the yield of milk and churned butter,,
feed given, weight of cow and date of last calving.
The reports of the person doing the milking and
churning must be sworn to. The butter is computed by
the Club on the basis of eighty-five per cent. fat—that
is, the cow is credited with the weight of eighty-five
per cent. butter that the actual churned butter is equiva-
lent to.

GENERAL RULES
Application for Test

1. No test shall be accepted for record unless
the cow tested has been admitted to the Herd
Register of the American Jersey Cattle Club.
Before a test is commenced application shall be
made to the Club, ten days’ notice being given
the Secretary in order that arrangements for a
supervisor may be made, the name and Herd
Register number of the cow to be tested being
also stated.

Test Supervisors

2. No one is competent under these rules to
supervise tests unless he is appointed or recom-
mended, and his reports are countersigned by the
director, dairy husbandman, or other proper
authority of a State experiment station or agri-
cultural college, and no one can supervise tests
of cattle over which he has charge or in which
he has any pecuniary interest.

Institutions sending out supervisors are re-
quested to change them whenever practicable, so
that the same man may not go continuously to any
particular herd.

Under no circumstances shall any payment or
gratuity to the supervisor be made by or per-
mitted from the owner of the cow or any one
interested in her, and any violation hereof shall
invalidate the test.

The owner of the cows under test must pro-
vide for conveying supervisors to and from rail-
road station on line of travel.

The reports of supervisors shall be retained
permanently on file at the office of the Club.

Starting Tests

3. Tests may be begun at any date during
the lactation period, to continue for not more
than 365 consecutive days, including any time
the cow may be dry during this period, but the
milk record must not begin earlier than the
fourth day after calving, the day on which the
calf is dropped being counted as the first day.

Reporting Milk Yield

4. The milk of every milking during the con-
tinuance of a test must be weighed and the

10

weights reported to the Club in detail, signed by
the manager of the cow, on forms provided for
the purpose.

The month’s milk record in year’s tests shall
be reported to the Club within thirty days after
the close of each monthly period, and the test
data for the entire year shall be certified to at
the conclusion of the test, in the form of an affi-
davit by the manager of the cow.

The owner’s barn sheets with the original milk
records of tests should be preserved by owners
of cows until the Club has either accepted or re-
jected the tests, and shall be forwarded to the
Club for inspection if required.

Feed and Care

5. The feed and care of cows under test are
under the control and direction of the owner.
As far as possible, the weights and quantities
as well as kinds of feed given the cow should be
stated. No condiments, condition powders, or
drugs are permitted to be given the cow, except
remedies in case of sickness, when statement of
that given is required.

Receptacles for Samples

6. Owners of cows must provide suitable glass
receptacles for samples, and also a box or closet
in which same may be kept securely under lock
and key.

Retesting

%. If the milk averages in any two days below
3.5 per cent. butter-fat, the owner may have
a retest made, at his own expense, if he so de-
sires ; but notice of such retesting must be given
the Club within fifteen days. The Club will

11

pay the entire cost of all other retesting required
by the rules. All data secured in cases of retest-
ing shall be reported to the Club, and all or
any of such data may be used in determining the
average percentage of fat for the month in which
retesting is called for, the Club reserving the
right of disregarding the results of any test made
when a cow is in a decidedly abnormal condition.

Omission of Monthly Test

8. In the case of cows freshening after, or
finishing their tests before, any regular visit of
the supervisor, the results of the tests made at
his succeeding visit, in the first case, and of the
tests made at his previous visit, in the latter, shall
be used in determining the fat to be credited for
such portions of monthly periods.

In cases where, in any monthly period, no tests
have been made owing to unavoidable circum-
stances, the institution supervising the test shall
make explanation to the Club of the circum-
stances, and the Secretary may authorize the
average percentage of fat shown by the tests of
the preceding and succeeding months to be used
in determining the fat to be credited; provided
that, in his opinion, good and sufficient cause has
been shown for the omission.

Tests Made at Experiment Stations

9. When a test is made by any State, Pro-
vincial, or national experiment station or agricul-
tural college, in conformity with these rules, and
such test is certified to by the proper officer of
such station or college, the same may be accepted
by the Club. The officials of such stations and
colleges are qualified under these rules to super-
vise the tests of cows belonging to the institutions

12

with which they are officially connected; and a
student is qualified to test the cows belonging to
the college where he studies, under the super-
vision of the officials aforesaid.

Rejection of Tests

10. All tests shall be made and carried on
as provided in the rules of the Club, but the Ex-
ecutive Committee shall at all times have the
power to reject any proffered test on objection
being made and evidence submitted ; and the Ex-
ecutive Committee shall be the exclusive judges
of the sufficiency of any objection and the evi-
dence submitted in support thereof. The com-
mittee shall also have the power to expunge from
the records any test shown to be erroneous or
fraudulent.

Expenses of Testing

11. The owner of the cows under test shall pay
all the expenses of testing. The agricultural col-
lege or experiment station sending out the super-
visor shall collect from the owner of the cows
the cost of this supervision and pay the super-
visor, the Club guaranteeing the station or col-
lege against loss if the owner fails to pay in any
particular month; but in such cases the college
shall stop the tests.

In cases where the above plan cannot be car-
ried out by a station, the Club shall charge the
owner with the expense and pay the supervisor.
Should the owner fail to reimburse the Club
each month within thirty days after bill is ren-
dered him, the test shall be stopped. No test
shall be published unless all bills for testing have
been met by the owner of the cow.

13

Blank Forms

12. Blanks for use of the supervisors and the
owners of cows will be furnished by the Secretary
of the Club upon request.

13. All Register of Merit records are published
free of charge; but no test shall be published,
or furnished for publication, until the animal
making said test is entered in the Register of
Merit.

Rules Governing Supervisors of
Tests

Identity and Condition of Cow.—1. The supervisor
should as far as possible satisfy himself as to the iden-
tity of the cow under test; he should note upon his re-
port form any sickness of a cow or other condition
likely to affect the reliability of a test; he should also
report any irregularity or suspicious occurrence, and in
all ways endeavor to conduct a fair test.

Rules Must be Followed—2. The supervisor is not
at liberty to decide as to which stipulations contained
herein are essential and which are not, but is required
to observe these directions in all details.

Seeing Cow Milked.—3. A supervisor shall be present
at and throughout each and every milking during the
entire test period of two days in each month during
the test year. In case of tests for shorter periods than
one year he shall be present at each and every milking
during the continuance of the test.

Under no circumstances shall more than one cow
undergoing test be milked at the same time, and the
supervisor must in every case be in position to observe
the milker during the whole milking.

Weighing Milk—4. The supervisor shall assure him-
self as to the accuracy of the scales used, and they
should be graduated to pounds and tenths. He shall
weigh the empty milk-pail before each milking, and
after the milking he shall satisfy himself that the pail
contains nothing but the milk drawn from the cow
under test; he shall take charge of the pail and its con-
tents, weigh the milk given at each milking immediately
after it is milked, and record the exact weight of the
milk on the blank form provided for that purpose.

14

Sampling Milk.—5. The supervisor shall take a sam-
ple of the milk of each milking for determination of
butter-fat immediately upon the weighing of the milk,
being careful that the milk is thoroughly mixed by
pouring from one pail to another, or by means of a
dipper, before taking the sample, to insure that it is a
fair sample of the whole. Such samples must always
be securely retained until tested under the absolute
control of the supervisor, and, when not in his actual
possession, under lock and key, if necessary, and the
testing shall be proceeded with as soon as convenient
after the samples have cooled to ordinary room tem-
perature.

Applying the Babcock Test.—6. The supervisor shall
apply the Babcock test to the milk of every milking
during the test period of two days in each month dur-
ing the test year, making a separate test of each milk-
ing. In the case of tests for shorter periods than one
year he shall make a separate test of each milking dur-
ing the continuance of the test. He shall determine the
percentage of butter-fat in each sample, placing the re-
quired amount of milk from the sample in at least two
test bottles for that purpose, recording the readings of
both bottles. Should the reading of such butter-fat
show a greater variation than two-tenths of one per
cent. between two bottles, the supervisor shall make
another determination of the percentage of butter-fat
by two test bottles to correct the previous one. If the
variations between the two determinations is two-tenths
or less of one per cent., the supervisor shall take the
mean between the two decimal fractions as the percentage
of butter-fat upon which he shall calculate the total fat
in such milk. Readings of test bottles should be made
when at a temperature of about 130 degrees F. The
supervisor shall record in ink the total amount of but-
ter-fat shown by the Babcock test to have been con-
tained in the milk of each milking.

Determining Fat Percentage—7. The average per-
centage of fat shall be determined by dividing the total
yield of fat shown by the tests by the total amount of
the milk tested. Fat percentages must be carried out
to at least three decimal degrees.

Retesting.—8. (a) If in the supervision of any test the
supervisor finds that the yield of fat in any two days
after the first month of the test period is in excess of
the appropriate amount specified in the following table,
he shall inform at once the authority by which he was

15

appointed, so that a retest for two days by another test
supervisor shall be made within ten days after the ter-
mination of the first test:

CLASS I CLASS II CLASS III

Cowsnot over | Cows over 30 |Cows 5 Yrs. or
30 Mos. at |Mos.andunder| over at start
LACTATION start of test | 5 Yrs. atstart of test

PERIOD of test
Lbs. Fat Lbs. Fat Lbs. Fat
in Two Days | in Two Days | in Two Days
Ist to 6th
month, incl. . . 33/5 4,75 5.00
7th to 12th
month, incl. .. 3.00 4.00 4.33

(b) If in the supervision of any test the supervisor
finds that the milk averages for the two days above
seven per cent. butter-fat when it averages thirty
pounds or over per day, or above eight per cent. when
it averages fifteen pounds or over per day, there shall
be a retest as stipulated in Section 8 (a).

Lost Milk and Lost Samples.—9. If any or all of the
milk of a milking is accidentally lost before weighing,
the weight of that which has been lost is to be supplied
by taking the weight of the corresponding milking in
the test period; and if the sample from any milking is
accidentally lost before testing, the missing test is to
be obtained by taking the results of the tests made of
the corresponding milking during the test. For exam-
ple, if an evening milking is involved, the preceding or
succeeding evening milking shall be used. It must be
stated on the report form that any data thus obtained
are estimated.

Reports of Supervisors—10. The supervisor shall
sign his reports, and shall send them promptly, for
checking and indorsement, to the agricultural college,
State experiment station, or other institution under
whose authority he acts, accompanied by a memoran-
dum of his expenses.

A preliminary report shall be mailed by the supervisor
immediately after the test direct from the farm to the
Secretary of the Club.

16

Special Rules for Supervisors of
Confirmed Butter Tests

Computing Butter—In confirmed butter tests butter
shall be computed on the basis of eighty-five per cent.
butter-fat.

Analysis of Butter —Every confirmed butter test shall
be accompanied by.a chemical analysis of a sample of
the butter made at each churning. It shall, therefore,
be the duty of the supervisor to procure samples of
butter from each churning made while he is testing the
cow, and to send the same to, or as directed by, the
Club, securely sealed, for the purpose of analysis.
Should a churning not have been made during the time
the supervisor is taking the Babcock test of the milk
of the cow, he shall remain at the expense of the owner
until one churning has been made, so that he can pro-
cure a sample. The supervisor will be careful to see
that the butter he sends as a sample is taken from each
churning, should there be more than one, and that the
same remains securely in his possession from the time
such sample is taken until sent to, or as directed by, the
Club. The supervisor will instruct the owner to send
for analysis a sample of the butter of any churning
made after he leaves.

Samples of Skim-Milk and Buttermilk.—In confirmed
butter tests it is very desirable, though not compulsory,
that the supervisor procure a sample of the skim-milk
after each skimming, and also of the buttermilk, and
ascertain the percentage of butter-fat that was lost by
skimming and churning and report the same.

Register of Merit Rules

With the purpose of raising to a still higher
standard the average excellence of the Jersey
cow, and of securing an additional authoritative
and permanent record to which reference can
be made in the selection of breeding animals, the
American Jersey Cattle Club has adopted the
following rules for the establishment of a Reg-
ister of Merit, to which shall be eligible meri-
torious bulls and cows, judged by the standards
of progeny and dairy performance. All animals
previously entered in the Herd Register of the
American Jersey Cattle Club may be recorded
in the Register of Merit when they comply with
one or more of the following conditions:

Basis of Entry of Cows—No application for
entry in the Register of Merit based upon the
production of butter-fat shall be entertained un-
less accompanied with proof of compliance with
the rules for making authenticated fat tests, and
no application for entry in said Register based
upon the production of butter shall be enter-
tained unless accompanied with proof of com-
pliance with the rules for making confirmed
butter tests.

Class AA.—A cow shall be entitled to entry
in Class AA after the production, in one year,
of the amount of butter or butter-fat specified
in the test rules, provided that said application
shall be accompanied with proof by the affidavit
of the manager of the cow (attested by the cer-

18

tificate of the owner thereof, where the owner
is not the manager) that said cow has either
dropped a living calf during the period covered
by said test and not less than 155 days after the
beginning thereof, or has dropped a living calf
within 125 days after the completion of said test.

Cows already entered in Class A may, upon
application therefor, be transferred to Class AA,
upon presentation of the additional proof above
specified as requisite to entitle animals to entry
in said class.

Class A.—A cow shall be entitled to entry in
Class A after the production, in one year, of the
amount of butter or butter-fat specified in the
test rules.

Class B.—A cow shall be entitled to entry in
Class B after the production in seven days of the
amount of butter or butter-fat specified in the
test rules.

Re-entry—Cows which have already been en-
tered in the Register of Merit, upon meeting
the requirements in another test, will be re-en-
tered under the same number, and certificate is-
sued free of charge.

Bulls.—A bull shall be entitled to entry in said
Register of Merit after three of his daughters
from as many different dams have been entered
therein on year’s authenticated butter-fat or
butter records. When a bull becomes eligible
to the Register of Merit, he shall be entered
therein by the Secretary, without application
being made, and free of charge.

Certificates of Entry—The Secretary shall
issue certificates of entry of all animals admitted
to the Register of Merit. The application, and

19

all other evidence on which he makes such entry,
shall be kept on file by him and be subject to ex-
amination by any member of the American Jer-
sey Cattle Club.

Fees.—The fee for entering a cow in the Regis-
ter of Merit and issuing a certificate, which shall
set forth the record made by the animal, shall
be $2. This fee must be sent with the final re-
port of a test by the owner [Form No. 62, which _
also constitutes the application for entry of the
cow in the Register of Merit], the amount of
fee to be returned if cow does not qualify, or
placed to the remitter’s credit, as directed. If
a certificate of entry of a bull is desired, the
same may be obtained by paying a fee of $2.

Supervision and Direction—The Register of
Merit shall be under the general supervision and
direction of the Executive Committee.

The Secretary of the Club is authorized, under
direction of the Executive Committee, to prepare
said Register, and to publish the blank forms
and circulars needed in carrying this system into
effect.

GraRany OF CONGRESS
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