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CONCHOLOGIT

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VOLUME XXXIV, No. 1 ISSN 0885-1263

———" AUGUST 1997

The Texas Conchologist is the official publication of the Houston Conchology
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TEXAS CONCHOLOGIST Vol. XXXIV No. 1, August, 1997

FIELD NOTES ON THE SOUTHWARD DISPERSAL OF
THE EXOTIC BROWN MUSSEL, PERNA PERNA,
IN THE WESTERN GULF OF MEXICO

BRENDEN S. HOLLAND
Department of Oceanography
College of Geoscience and Maritime Studies
Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas

INTRODUCTION

The natural distributions of over one thousand marine species have
been directly altered by human activity (Carlton, 1989). The brown
mussel, Pema pema, represents a recent biological addition to the
western Gulf of Mexico biofouling community. Prior to 1990, the range
of the brown mussel included the South Atlantic, portions of the Indian
Ocean, and the eastern Mediterranean Sea (Vakily, 1989; Bayne, 1976).
The introduction and subsequent proliferation (Figure 1) of this marine
mussel in the western Gulf of Mexico is by now familiar to most Texas
conchologists, Gulf coast naturalists, marine scientists, beach comb-
ers, and fishermen. Hicks and Tunnell first discovered this mussel
inhabiting the South Jetty at Port Aransas, Texas, in early 1990 and
were the first to document its presence in North American waters (Hicks
and Tunnell, 1993). They have been studying its ecology, both in the
field and in the laboratory, since that time (Figure 1). Moreover, Hicks
and Tunnell speculate that the brown mussel arrived in the Gulf of Mexico
as a result of ballast-water transport (Hicks personal communication;
Hicks and Tunnell, 1993). At Texas A&M’s main campus, we are focus-
ing on the population structure of P. perna. Using molecular markers
we are working to determine the most probable geographic source of
this exotic bivalve. We are testing genetic material from populations
within the natural range of P. perna and then comparing it to popula-
tions from the Texas and Mexican gulf coast. The introduction of P.
pema to the Texas coast presents an opportunity to investigate and
document this invasion as it happens. Using shipping records in con-
junction with genetic data, we hope to reconstruct the most likely intro-
duction scenario. Identification of the most likely geographic origin of
this species should aid conservationists and marine resource manag-
ers concerned with prevention of ballast water introductions. Further-
more, by accurately identifying the anthropogenic source of biological
introductions this study can be used by legislators and regulatory agen-
cies charged with enforcement of “no introductions” policy. By dem-
onstrating the ability to identify the source of human-mediated intro-

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TEXAS CONCHOLOGIST Vol. XXXIV No. 1, August, 1997

ductions in coastal regions where ballast water regulations are in effect,
we thereby provide a powerful legal tool which can be used to protect
the natural marine communities and biodiversity. Historically, biological
invasions have proven both economically and ecologically disastrous
(Carlton and Geller, 1993; Hamer 1991; Hedgpeth, 1993; Locke et al.,
1991; Mills et al., 1994). For example, the European zebra mussel,
Dreissena polymorpha, was introduced in the mid-1980’s to Lake Erie.
Its rapid colonization of the entire Great Lakes watershed is an ecologi-
cal and financial disaster of unprecedented scope and magnitude. The
zebra mussel has altered North America’s largest aquatic ecosystem
irreversibly. Regional municipal water and utility plants have estimated
zebra mussel removal costs at over 100 million dollars per year (Anony-
mous, 1990; Carlton and Geller, 1993; Hamer 1991; Locke et al., 1991;
Mills et al., 1994).

Due to similarities between the zebra mussel and P. pema in terms of
adaptability, fecundity and the capacity to alter the environment, the
brown mussel should be closely monitored. Potential threats include
health concerns for humans, displacement of endemic species, and
biofouling of coastal structures and vessels (Carlton, 1989; Hamer, 1991).
Due to paralytic shellfish poisoning (PSP) and accumulation of danger-
ous levels of pathogenic bacteria, pesticides, and heavy metals in pol-
luted areas (Bayne, 1976), mussels can be highly toxic to humans who
consume them. Biofouling of coastal structures such as municipal
water and utility intakes, petroleum exploration and production platforms,
and navigation buoys leads to expensive cleaning operations and navi-
gational hazards (Carlton, 1989; Hamner, 1991; Locke et al., 1993;
Mills et al., 1994).

FIELD SURVEY

Pema pema has been reported on outer wave exposed regions of jet-
ties and groins as far south as Playa Escondida in the southern portion
of the Mexican state of Veracruz (Figure 2) (Hicks and Tunnell, 1995).
Armed with this information, a Mexican vehicle permit, collection buck-
ets, several gallons of ethanol (tissue preservative), and a four-wheel
drive vehicle, we departed in early June, 1996, on a collecting effort
that we hoped would take us as far south as the brown mussel had
dispersed (Figure 2).

We began our survey at the South Jetty in Port Aransas, Texas. Stop-
ping frequently along the way, we found and collected P. perna samples
along the Texas coast from Port Aransas to Brazos Santiago Pass, and

Z.

TEXAS CONCHOLOGIST Vol. XXXIV No. 1, August, 1997

along the Mexican Gulf as far south as the town of Tecolutla (Lat. 20° 33'
N, Long. 97° OO’W), Mexico, about 170 km north of Veracruz City
(Figure 2).

We observed the healthiest looking and most abundant mussels at the
Mansfield Pass jetties, Padre Island National Seashore, Texas (Lat. 26°
34’N, Long. 97° 17’W). At Mansfield, we found dense colonies of
robust mussels, with individuals of up to 10 cm in length. The condition
of the mussels at Brazos Santiago Pass (Lat. 26° 4’N, Long. 97° 9' W)
was also very good, although colony density and average shell length
were lower (no individuals over 7 cm were observed). There appeared
to be some evidence of harvesting, possibly by local fishermen. Con-
tinuing southward into Mexico,we did not find mussels as healthy or
abundant as those observed at Mansfield and Brazos Santiago Passes
in Texas. Well developed jetties at Barra Tuxpan (Lat. 20° 57’N, Long.
97° 26’W) protect the mouth of the Tuxpan River, 150 km south of
Tampico, Mexico. Mussels at this locality were small, and beds were
poorly developed (Figure 3). There was evidence of recent recruit-
ment, as hundreds of tiny mussels (<I cm) were found amongst the
byssal threads of most of the individuals we observed. At Tecolutla,
Mexico, the southernmost collection site, P. perna occurred at low den-
sities and its distribution was patchy. Size of collected specimens ranged
from 2 to 5 cm, with a mean shell length of 3.1 cm (+ 0.3). As in Texas,
P. perma populations in Mexico were found in close association with sea
lettuce, Ulva sp., and often with oysters, Crassostrea sp., periwinkles,
Nodilittorina spp., and beds of the scorched mussel, Brachidontes
exustus. Careful examination of suitable hard surfaces in wave swept
areas south of Tecolutla, Mexico, revealed mainly B.exustus and an
absence of P. pema. At Veracruz, using snorkeling gear and underwa-
ter lights we searched the harbor jetty from the surface down to about
six meters. The water clarity was good at this locality (25 m), an indica-
tion of oligotrophic conditions, very different from the rich green water
of the South Texas coastal habitats where we have seen P. pema in well
developed beds. We did not find P. pema in Veracruz City. However,
south of Veracruz City we encountered more promising looking areas,
with higher turbidity and suspended organic matter, but no P. pema. At
Playa Mocambo, there is a series of closely spaced, short (about 50 m)
granite groins protecting public beaches but we found no P. pema. In
the small town of Boca del Rio we hired a launch and motored out to
examine the tips of long jetties there at the mouth of the river. Checking
both the inside and the outside of these structures, we again found only
native mussels: Petaloconchus vanans, B. septifer, B. exustus and

TEXAS CONCHOLOGIST Vol. XXXIV No. 1, August, 1997

lsognomon bicolor. Figure 2 depicts the approximate extent of our
findings of P. pema southward radiation.

CONCLUSIONS AND DISCUSSION

If P. perma occurs south of Veracruz City, as reported by Hicks and
Tunnell 1995, there is a significant gap in its distribution. This gap
appears to extend from Tecolutla to Playa Escondida, Mexico, a dis-
tance of about 300 km (Figure 2). The cause for this break in occur-
rence is presently unkown. However, possible reasons include collec-
tion by humans, predation, and disease. Other factors include unsuit-
able water quality, pollution, unfavorable surface current direction, and
insufficient wave energy.

P. Perna is harvested throughout its natural range and is an important
food source in both South Africa and South America. We have re-
ceived reports of human harvest of P. pera from South Texas, which
may explain observed fluctuations in mussel bed density in populated
coastal areas (Hicks personal communication). One of our concerns is
in the safety of human consumption of P. perna. Federal and state
agencies have not yet taken steps to either investigate health concerns
or control harvest, creating a potentially dangerous situation. It is pres-
ently unknown whether the brown mussel will exhibit seasonal toxicity
due to accummulation of algal toxins as occurs in other areas (Hicks
and Tunnell, 1993). It is also unknown whether dispersal barriers will
arise as P. perma approaches the Yucatan Penninsula to the south and
the Mississippi River to the north. Although P. pema has yet to have a
major negative impact, it is likely that it is here to stay, and it should be
monitored closely. We plan to continue to study this interesting phe-
nomenon.

| welcome correspondence from any interested Texas conchologists on
any topic relating to the presence of the brown mussel in the Gulf of
Mexico. | am particularly interested in information regarding any P.
pema expansion into the apparent “Perna gap”, towards the Yucatan, to
the northeast of Port O’Connor, and any human health related inci-
dents.

TEXAS CONCHOLOGIST Vol. XXXIV No. 1, August, 1997

B. Holland can be reached at:
442 Kleberg Center

Texas A&M University

College Station, TX 77843-2471
Telephone: (409) 845-6896

FAX: (409) 845-6970

Intemet: bsh8625@acs.tamu.edu

REFERENCES

Anonymous. 1990. Zebra Mussel Update. University of Wisconsin Sea Grant Institute,
May 10, 8 pp.

Bayne, B.L. 1976. Marine mussels: their ecology and physiology. Cambridge University
Press. 506 pp.

Carlton, J.T. 1985. Transoceanic and interoceanic dispersal of coastal marine organisms:
the biology of ballast water. Oceanogr. Mar. Biol. Annu. Rev. 23:313-37 1.

Carlton J.T. 1989. Man's role in changing the face of the ocean: biological invasions and
implications for conservation of near-shore environments. Con. Biol. 3(3): 265-
273.

Carton, J.T. and J.B. Geller. 1993. Ecological roulette: the global transport of nonindigenous
marine organisms. Science. 261: 78-82.

_ Hamer, M. 1991. Toxic hitchhikers conquer the world’s oceans. New Scientist, March 23,

page 23.
Hedgpeth, J.W. 1993. Foreign Invaders. Science. 261: 34-35.

Hicks, D.W. and J.W. Tunnell, Jr. 1993. Invasion of the South Texas Coast by the Edible
Brown Mussel Pema pema (Linnaeus, 1758). Veliger. Vol. 36 No. 1, pp.92-94.

Hicks, D.W. and J.W. Tunnell, Jr. 1995. Ecological notes and patterns of dispersal in the
recently introduced mussel, Perna pema (Linne, 1958), in the Gulf of Mexico.
Amer.Malac. Bull. 11(2),203-206.

Locke, A., J.T. Carlton, D.M. Reid, W.G. Sprules, and H.C. van Leeuwen. 1991. Ballast
water exchange as a means of controlling dispersal of freshwater organisms by
ships. Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 50: 2086-2093.

Mills, E.L., J.H. Leach, J.T. Cartton, and C.L. Secor. 1994. Exotic species and the integ
rity of the Great Lakes. Biosci. 44(10): 666-676.

Vakily, J.M. 1989. The biology and culture of mussels in the genus Pema. ICLARM
Studies and Reviews 17, International Center for Living Aquatic Re
sources Management, Manila, Philippines and Duetsche Gesellschaft fur
Technische Zusammenarbeit (GTZ) GmbH, Eschbom, Federal Republic of Ger
many. 63 pp.

TEXAS CONCHOLOGIST Vol. XXXIV No. 1, August, 1997

by.

a
7 November 1993

Atanses Pass: Location of First Discovery
February 1990

Figure 1. Map showing introduction route and subsequent radiation
events of the brown mussel within the Gulf of Mexico, with approximate
dates of documented appearance (Hicks and Tunnell, 1995) Note that
range expansion lines from point 4 are projected and have not yet been
documented, but are expected to occur within the next five years.

TEXAS CONCHOLOGIST Vol. XXXIV No. 1, August, 1997

MEXICO

VFUCATAN
300 km gep in brown mussel PENINSULA
v distribution es of June 1996

Figure 2. Map depicting Gulf of Mexico localities of samples obtained
for genetic analysis (1-5) and approximate location of "Perna gap".
Playa Escondida is the furtherest south that P. pema has been re-
ported (Hicks and Tunnell, 1995).

TEXAS CONCHOLOGIST Vol. XXXIV No. 1, August, 1997

Yeas ‘
GED Pereviitis “”
Perm camicuts
7. es ——) CQ) Perna perme

Figure 3. Geographical distribution of the genus Perna. Note recent

range espansion of P. Pema into the Gulf of Mexico and P. viridis into
the southern Caribbean Sea.

Retractor muscle scar
(AP: anterior portion
PP: posterior portion)

Retractor muscle scar:
(Continuous)

Figure 4. Muscle scar patterns in Pera and Mytilus, showing a diag-
nostic feature of genus Perna (After Siddall 1980).

TEXAS CONCHOLOGIST Vol. XXXIV No. 1, August, 1997

Fig. 5. Comparison of shell form in (A) Pema and (B) Mytilus, de-
picting attachment of muscles. Adductor scars (black), retractor scars
(shaded) and pallial scars (thin line). (After: David Hicks).

TEXAS CONCHOLOGIST Vol. XXXIV No. 1, August, 1997

ALEXANIA (EPITONIIDAE) IN TEXAS, AND
PARALLELS WITH RECLUZIA (JANTHINIDAE)

BY ROBERT ROBERTSON
Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia

Recently, a small, empty gastropod shell, a Ribless Wentletrap, Alexania
floridana (Pilsbry, 1945)(family Epitoniidae), was discovered in a sample
of drift with many juvenile Atlantic Wing Oysters Ptena colymbus (Roding,
1798). The Alexania was found between the jetties at Fish Pass, Mus-
tang Island, Texas by Mr. Roe Davenport, Jr. on September 25, 1995,
and is in his private collection.

Alexania has never been reported from Texas (Pulley, 1952; Andrews,
1971; Abbott, 1974) under this or any other name. On this point | was
misunderstood by Jacobson (1966; see Speers, 1966, who hoped it
might turn up in Texas). Abbott (1974) did speculate about this (Abbott
also thought that it could be in North Carolina, but that is unverified).
Rosewater (1976) reported A. floridana from “the Gulf of Mexico area.”

The 2.65 mm shell is juvenile or a small male (assuming that Alexania,
like Epitonium, is protandric, i.e. an individual first becomes male and
later female: Robertson, 1981). Alexanias attain a shell length of over
11mm. The Texas shell was freshly dead because there were dried
pieces of purple tissue from the pigmented mantle organ (Robertson,
1985). Also, some of the dried digestive gland was seen through the
transparent apex.

Epitoniids are predators or parasites on coelenterates such as sea
anemones and stony corals (Robertson, 1983, etc.). The Texas Alexania
no doubt has one such mode of life, but no information is yet available
on this. The genus is not specific to sea anemones of the genus
Aiptasiomorpha (or Haliplanella, or Diadumene) as stated by Abbott
(1974).

The genus Alexania has a convoluted nomenclatural history that was
first unraveled by Robertson & Habe (1965), and well summarized by
Jacobson (1966). The animal was first described by Tomlin (1926) as a
South African cephalaspid opisthobranch and first validly named
Alexania Strand, 1928. It was then named from Japan as Habea (Kuroda,
1943). Lastly, it was named from Florida by Pilsbry (1 945) as Stenacme
in a new marine (basommatophoran) pulmonate family Stenacmidae.

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TEXAS CONCHOLOGIST Vol. XXXIV No. 1, August, 1997

The epitoniid (prosobranch) natures of Habea and Stenacme were rec-
ognized by Kuroda (1943), Habe (1943), and Robertson & Oyama (1958),
the last of whom synonymized them. Later, Robertson & Habe (1965)
recognized that Alexania is an earlier name for the genus. Problitora
Iredale (1931), with a southeast Australian type species, seems to be
yet another synonym (A. Warén in Kabat, 1991), this time placed in the
Naticidae or Littorinidae. The radulae of ptenoglossate prosobranchs,
basal opisthobranchs and basal pulmonates have some similarities
(Marcus, 1974), and two great malacologists were led astray by these.
As a result Alexania has been placed in all three classical gastropod
subclasses!

Conchologically, Alexania is the epitoniid equivalent of the janthinid
genus Recluzia Petit, 1853, which, like Janthina, floats at the surface
of the sea with a bubble raft (Laursen, 1953) but preys on the rare
floating sea anemone Minyas (Abbott, 1968). Recluzia is known rarely
from Texas and Florida (Abbott, 1963, 1974, Boone, 1984), occurring
in March to May at the same Mustang Island. The Epitoniidae and
Janthinidae are fairly closely related (Robertson, 1997), the different
shells notwithstanding. Alexania and Recluzia are brown transitional
shell forms. The anatomy, like the ptenoglossate radula, is also similar
(Thiele, 1928; Pilsbry, 1945). Alexania matures sexually (Fig. 1), and
thus presumably is not juvenile Rec/uzia.

An Alexania shell is rather characterless and resembles those of vari-
ous other globose, thin, and unsculptured marine and fresh-water gas-
tropods. It was believed that Alexania would be easier to find and
recognize if the Texas specimen were photographed and described in
detail, and if the habitat were also described. These things are done
here.

Methods: the shell was studied with a Wild dissecting microscope at
magnifications of X25 and X50; it was photographed with a Pentax
single lens reflex camera with three sets of extension tubes, an elec-
tronic flash held close, and Kodak Tmax 100 film, at f 22.

Description (Fig. 2). Shell nearly globose, low-spired (Note 1), with
evenly inflated whorls, thin, fragile, and with an acuminate (or mucr-
Oonate?) protoconch. Protoconch with Epitonium- or Janthina-like
microsculpture (Note 2), translucent or transparent, demarcated by varix.
Teleoconch nearly smooth and shiny, with faint axial growth lines inter-
mittently more pronounced (Note 3), and faint spiral threads; suture
narrowly canaliculate. Aperture swollenly pyriform, with a slight poste-

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TEXAS CONCHOLOGIST Vol. XXXIV No. 1, August, 1997

rior angle; outer lip thin, showing flaky periostracum (Note 4); basal lip
and columella confluent with base; outer lip not flared, in side view
slightly prosocline; columella lip narrow, its apertural profile slightly sinuous
but no fold; slight umbilical chink present. Color pattern: protoconch
whitish tan, with pale brown varix, and dark orange brown suture; early
teleoconch uniformly brown, except near suture, where it grades into
whitish tan; last whorl pale tan below suture and on inner base, grading
into broad spiral band, darkest brown on lower outer base and low on
shoulder.

Length: 2.65 mm

Width: 2.08 mm

Aperture length: 1.71 mm

Aperture width: 1.26 mm

Immersed protoconch length: 0.24 mm

Protoconch whorl no.: ca. 2.4

Teleoconch whorl no.: 2.7

Notes: 1.Low-spired for an epitoniid. 2. Illustrated by Robertson (1971,
1983b), just visible at X50. 3. These intermittent growth lines, possibly
grown with a tidal or diurnal cycle (Robertson, 1983a), correspond to
the ribs (costae) of Epitonium. 4. Andrews (1971) figured a flaky
periostracum in Recluzia.

The Texas shell, far the smallest Alexania | have seen, is presently best
identified as Alexania floridana (Pilsbry, 1945). It matches the holo-
type and 24 nontopotypic paratypes of Stenacme flondanum (ANSP
180988, 181079, 220257) except that all the Floridian shells lack clearcut
spiral brown bands. These could be a juvenile feature, but the large
South African and Indian shells are variably banded. The Japanese
shells (except Habea callizona Habe, 1961) are like the Floridian

ones: nearly uniform brown. Thus banding may be unimportant as a
taxonomic character. As the name suggests, Alexania flondana is Flo-
ridian. In May, 1960, | looked in vain for the habitat of A. flondana at
its type locality (“opposite the inlet known as Baker's Haulover, at the
upper end of Biscayne Bay,” Miami). The area had already been de-
stroyed by a housing development. The species may still occur at Lake
Worth, southeast Florida. It is not known elsewhere in Florida. A.
floridana is, however, also reliably known from Cuba (Espinosa &
Fernandez Garcés, 1989), Bimini, Bahamas (USNM 462998; Robertson
& Worsfold., in prep.), and, curiously, the Panama Canal (Miraflores
and Gatun locks), i.e. near both the Pacific and Caribbean coasts
(Rosewater, 1975, 1976). The animals there were subjected to a salin-
ity as low as 5.7% and submergence to 21-24 m. An unidentified Alexania

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TEXAS CONCHOLOGIST Vol. XXXIV No. 1, August, 1997

was also reported by Rosewater (1976) from the Gulf of California,
Sonora, Mexico (the collector was M.J. Goldsmith). As was pointed out
to me by G. Rosenberg, Sunderland's (1989) photo of “Alexania flondana”
from Jamaica (35 feet) is of Fossaria cubensis (Pfeiffer,
1839)(Lymnaeidae; freshwater). Alexania is now definitely known from
the Indo-Pacific (including “Problitora” in southeastern Australia?), the
eastern Pacific, and very few places in the western Atlantic.

There possibly is but a single, circumglobal species of A/exania, the
oldest name for which is Alexania natalensis (Tomlin, 1926; type local-
ity “Umbogintwini,” 12 mi. Southwest of Durban, Natal, South Afiica).
An unidentified one was studied by Robertson (in Robertson & Habe,
1965) in southern India. Alexania inazawai and Habea callizona Habe
are probably color forms of one species; they occur in southern Japan
(S. Honshu, Shikoku, and N. Kyushu). Presumably all janthinids and
certain species of epitoniids (Robertson, 1994) are also-circumglobal.
The habitat in India was intertidal, sand-scoured beachrock with cracks
and crevices in which were lodged many small, unidentified, mainly
greenish sea anemones (not Aiptasiomorpha). The alexanias and some
true epitoniums were associated with and fed on these. Commonly, the
Epitonium-like Alexania sand-agglutinated egg capsules were more con-
spicuous than the snails in the field. These occurred mainly in pairs of
small and large individuals (presumably in the male and female phases).

Alexania, like Janthina and Recluzia may be seasonal. Rosewater’s
(1985) Panama alexanias were collected in March. My observations in
India were made from mid-January to mid-February. In Japan, Alexania
spawned in June (Habe, 1943). Postlarval Alexania may, like Janthina
be broadly vernal in its occurrence (Wilson & Wilson, 1956; Bayer,
1963), with the teleplanic veligers probably in the plankton for most of
the year, and the postlarvae growing, spawning and dying in quick
succession. The first Texas shell was beach-collected in late Septem-
ber; it could have been on the beach for some months.

| suggest that during some springtime low tide a collector at Mustang
Island look closely in the intertidal (sand-scoured?) rock jetties for sea
anemones with which alexanias might be living. Look closely for sand-
agglutinated egg capsules! Diligence may be needed, for the animals
may be short-lived.

| thank Dr. Gary Rosenberg for bringing to my attention two references,
and Dr. John B. Wise and Connie Boone for editorial help and one
more reference.

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TEXAS CONCHOLOGIST Vol. XXXIV No. 1, August, 1997

REFERENCES

Abbott, R.T., 1963, The janthinid genus Recluzia in the western Atlantic. Nauti-
lus, 76(4): 151.

Abbott, R.T., 1968 [new ed. 1986], Seashells of North America. 288 pp., Golden
Press, New York. See pp. 92-93.

Abbott, R.T., 1974, American Seashells. Ed. 2,663 pp., Van Nostrand Reinhold
Co., New York.

Andrews, J., 1971, Sea Shells of the Texas coast. xvii + 298 pp. University of
Texas, Austin and London. See p. 91.

Bayer, F.M., 1963, Observations on pelagic mollusks associated with the siphono-
phores Velella and Physalia. Bulletin of marine Science of the Gulf and
Caribbean, 13: 454-466, 7 figs.

Boone, C., 1984, Rare janthinid found by HCS [Houston Conchology Society]
member. Texas Conchologist, 21(I): 8-9.

Espinosa, J. & R. Fernandez Garcés, 1989, Primer registro de la familia
Stenacmidae (Mollusca: Gastropoda) para las Antillas. Miscelanea
Zooldgica del Instituto de Ecologia y Sistematica (Academia de Ciencias
de Cuba), 43: 2-3.

Habe, T., 1943, Observations on Habea inazawai with special reference to its
development. Japanese Journal of Malacology, 13(1-4): 65-67. In En-
glish and Japanese.

Habe, T., 1961, Descriptions of fifteen new species of Japanese shells. Venus;
Japanese Journal of Malacology, 21(4): 416-431. See p. 423.

Iredale, T., 1931, Australian molluscan notes. No. 1. Records of the Australian
Museum, 18(4):202-234. See p. 216.

Jacobson, M.K., 1966, A little known tidal mollusk from the South. New York
Shell Club Notes, no. 123: 3-4.

Kabat, A.R. 199 1. The classification of the Naticidae (Mollusca: Gastropoda):
review and analysis of the supraspecific taxa. Bulletin of the Museum
of Comparative Zoology, 152(7): 417-449. See p. 435.

Kuroda, T., 1943, On anew gastropod genus Habea. Japanese Journal of Mala-
cology, 13(1-4):1 l-14. In Japanese and English.

Laursen, D., 1953, The genus /anthina [sic]; amonograph. Dana-Report, 6(38):
40 pp.

14

TEXAS CONCHOLOGIST Vol. XXXIV No. 1, August, 1997

Marcus, E.d.B.-R. 1974. On some Cephalaspidea (Gastropoda: Opisthobranchia)
from the western and middle Atlantic warm waters. Bulletin of Marine
Science, 24(2): 301-371.See pp. 303, 308.

Pilsbry, H.A., 1945, Stenacme flondana, an American member of the
Amphibolacea. Nautilus,58(4): 112-116.

Pulley, T.E., 1952, An illustrated check list of the marine mollusks of Texas. Texas
Journal of Science, 4(2): 167-199.

Robertson, R., 1971. Scanning electron microscopy of planktonic larval marine
gastropod shells. Veliger, 14(I): 1-12. See figs. 18, 24, etc.

Robertson, R., 1981, Protandry with only one sex change in an Epitonium
(Ptenoglossa).Nautilus, 95(4): 184-186.

Robertson, R. 1983a, Extraordinarily rapid postiarval growth of a tropical wentle-
trap (Epitonium albidum). Nautilus, 97(2): 60-66.

Robertson, R., 1983b, Observations on the life history of the wentletrap Epitonium
albidum in the West Indies. American Malacological Bulletin, 1: 1-12.
See fig. 15.

Robertson, R., 1985. Four characters and the higher category systematics of
gastropods.American Malacological Bulletin, Special edition 1: 1-22. See
pp. 5-7, table 1.

Robertson, R., 1994 [“ 1993 “], Two new tropical western Atlantic species of
Epitonium, with notes on similar global species and natural history. Nau-
tilus, 107(3): 81-93. See p. 81.

Robertson, R., 1997, Relationships: Epitonium & Janthina. Epinet, 5(2): 1.

Robertson, R. & T. Habe, 1965, Alexania replaces Habea (Epitoniidae). Nauti-
lus, 78(4): 140-141.

Robertson, R. & K. Oyama, 1958, The family Stenacmidae. Nautilus, 72(2): 68-
69.

Robertson, R. & J. Worsfold, in prep., Seashells of the Bahamas 1: Prosobranch
Snails (except Neogastropods); Identification, Zoogeography, and Natural
History.

Rosewater, J., 1975, Mollusks of Gatun Locks, Panama Canal. Bulletin of the
American Malacological Union, “1974”: 42-43.

15

TEXAS CONCHOLOGIST Vol. XXXIV No. 1, August, 1997

Rosewater,J., 1976, Some results of the National Museum of Natural History -
Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute Survey of Panama 1971-1975.
Bulletin of the American Malacological Union, “1975”: 48-50.

Speers, A.B., 1966, A new shell for Texas? Texas Conchologist, 3(3): [5].

Sunderland, K., 1989, Caribbean Epitoniidae. American Conchologist, 17(2):
14-15.

Thiele,J.,1928, uber ptenoglosse Schnecken. Zeitschrift fur wissenschaftliche
Zoologie, 132: 73-94, 11 figs.

Tomlin, JR. le B., 1926, On South African marine Mollusca, with descriptions of
new species.Annals of the Natal Museum, 5(3): 283-301. See p. 287,
pl. 16, figs. 1, 2.

Wilson, D.P. & M.A. Wilson, 1956, A contribution to the biology of lanthina [sic] -
janthina (L.).Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United
Kingdom, 35(2): 291-30.

NOTE ADDED IN PRESS: Colman (1986) reported that a Recluzia
in Australia has dwarf males that cling to the female's bubble float.
The date of collection was not recorded but may be on the specimen
label. Do Southern Hemisphere ptenoglossans occur there in the
(southern) spring?

Colman, P. , Observations on Recluzia. Australian Shell News, no. 53,
5 figs.

TEXAS CONCHOLOGIST Vol. XXXIV No. 1, August, 1997

“

Fig. 1. Alexania flondana (Pilsbry, 1945). Copy of original illustrations of "Stenacme
floridana (from Pilsbry, 1945).Explanation of Plate 5 Figs. 1-5, 10 are from type specimen,
Biscayne Bay. Figs. 6-9, 11, 12 are from Lake Worth, near the south inlet. 1,2, outlines
of living animal; 3, shell of type; 4, early whorls of same, more enlarged; 5, operculum; 6,
group of egg capsules; 7, 8, extremes of shape of shell; 9, head; 10, group from middle of
radula, with 27th and 40th lateral teeth; 11, living animal; 12, palial organs as seen
through the mantle. Scale lines for figs. 3, 7, 8 =1 mm. From Nautilus Vol. 58 (4) p. 116.

17

TEXAS CONCHOLOGIST Vol. XXXIV No. 1, August, 1997

Fig. 2. Shell of an immature or small male Alexania floridana (Pilsbry,
1945)(2.7 mm long) from Mustang Island, Texas. Collected by Roe
Davenport, Jr. Photo by R. Robertson.

18

TEXAS CONCHOLOGIST Vol. XXXIV No. 1, August, 1997

THIRTY-YEAR-OLD BEACH SAMPLE
By H. Odé

A beachdrift sample from South Padre Id., Texas, by the late W. Sutow
in August, 1966, was recently given me by Mrs. Mary Sutow. Picking it
under the microscope yielded an unusual amount of micromollusks as
well as notable numbers of some scarce species on the Texas coast.

The exact location is unknown, but it probably was collected at either
the Gulf beach near the jetty or on the drift line along the ship channel
near the Coast Guard Station, both areas which produce good drift
even today. This report has been edited by Editor C. Boone.

Odé notes a total of over 200 different species, most minute or micro,
some represented by valves only or tiny juvenile pairs which may have
been live when collected. He remarks that only three small plates of
chiton species appeared and no buccinids were found. Some bay
species appeared along with rarer offshore material. Nine species of
epitoniids, and thirty plus species of pyramidellids were sorted. Some
of the latter were not well preserved and crumbled, including what ap-
peared to be Ebala resticula and Rissopetia hummelincki.

Most of the material has been deposited and cataloged in the Malacol-
ogy Collections of the Houston Museum of Natural Science. It would be
a challenge for collectors today to match the list of species from one
sample from one area from South Padre.

The following list presents the species under an alphabetical list by
families:

Aclididae
Aclis underwoodae (Bartsch, 1947) 2
Henrya goldmani Bartsch, 1947 32
Acteonidae

Rictaxis punctostriatus (C.B.Adams, 1840) 42

Architectonicidae
Heliacus bisulcatus (d’Orbigny, 1842) 2

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TEXAS CONCHOLOGIST Vol. XXXIV No. 1, August, 1997

Arcidae
Barbatia domingensis (Lamarck, 1814)
Anadara chemnitzi (Phillippi, 1851)
Anadara transversa (Say, 1822)
Noetia ponderosa (Say, 1822)

Bullidae
Bulla striata Bruguiere, 1792

Caecidae
Elephantulum coopen (Smith, 1868)
Meioceras nitidum (Stimpson, 1851)
Bochina johnsoni (Winkley, 1908)
Caecum textile deFolin, 1870

Calyptraeidae
Crepidula plana Say, 1822
Crepidula convexa Say, 1822

Cardiidae
Laevicardium mortoni (Conrad, 1830)
Trachycardium municatum (Linnaeus, 1758)

Cerithidae
Finella dubia (d’Orbigny, 1842)
Alaba incerta (d’Orbigny, 1842)
Cerithium lutosum Menke, 1823

Cerithiopsidae
Cerithiopsis fusiformis (C.B. Adams, 1845)
Cerithiopsis emersoni (C.B.Adams, 1830)

Chamidae
Arcinella comuta Conrad, 1866

Chitonidae
Chiton sp.

Columbellidae

Mitrella multilineata (Dall, 1889)
Mitrella lunata (Say, 1826)

20

2 valves

31 juv. valve
3prs., valves

1 pr.

29

NM = Ww
par

valves

3 plates

TEXAS CONCHOLOGIST Vol. XXXIV No. 1, August, 1997

Corbiculidae
Polymesoda manitima (d’Orbigny, 1842)

Corbulidae
Varicorbula operculata (Philippi, 1848)
Corbula caribaea d’Orbigny, 1842 .

Crassitellidae
Crassinella lunulata (Conrad, 1834)

Dentalidae
Dentalium eboreum Conrad, 1846

Epitoniidae
Epitonium undeceimocostatum Mérch, 1874
Epitonium rupicola (Kurtz, 1866)
Epitonium angulatum (Say, 1830)
Epitonium sercifilum (Dall, 1889)
Epitonium humphreysi (Kiener, 1838)
Epitonium tollini Bartsch, 1938
Epitonium multistniatum (Say, 1826)
Epitonium foliaceicostum (d'Orbigny, 1842)
Depressiscala nautlae (Mérch, 1874)

Eulimidae
Eulimostraca subcarinata (d’Orbigny, 1842)
Eulimostoma hemphilli (Dail, 1884)
Melanella sp.
Strombiformis bifasciatus (d’Orbigny, 1842)
Melanella arcuata C. B Adams, 1850

Gadilidae
Cadulus quadridentatus (Dall, 1881)

Hydrobidae
Hydrobia sp. |
Hydrobia sp. 2
Hydrobia sp. 3
Hydrobia sp. 4
Hydrobia sp. 5

Kellidae
Aligena texasiana Harry, 1969

21

8 valves

11 valves
23 valves

7 valves

oN)
NJ

=-WO2=32DOdSs
© W

NM DM B NM

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TEXAS CONCHOLOGIST Vol. XXXIV No. 1, August, 1997

Lasaeidae
Lasaea sp. 1

Leptonidae
Lepton lepidum (Say, 1826) 6

Littoridinidae
Texadina barrette (Morrison, 1968) 92

Lucinidae
Parvilucina multilineata (Tuomey and Holmes, 1857)
43 vals. 25 prs. juv.

Linga amiantus (Dall, 1901) 8 juv. valves

Lucina pectinata (Gmelin, 1791) 4 juv. valves
Mactridae

Rangia flexuosa (Conrad, 1839) 1 juv. valve

Mactra fragilis Gmelin, 1791 1 juv. pair, 13 valves

Marginellidae
Prunum apicinum Menke, 1828 4

Melampodidae

Melampus bidentatus Say, 1822 23
Mesodesmatidae

Ervilia concentrica (Holmes, 1860) 9 valves
Montacutidae

Mysellla sp. 1 juv. valve

Mysella sp. 2 6

Mysella planulata (Stimpson, 1851) 2

Neacromya flondana (Dall,1889) 1
Mytilidae

Crenella cf divancata (d’'Orbigny, 1845) 3 vals.

Musculus lateralis (Say, 1822) 1 juv. valve

Greganella coralliophaga (Gmelin, 1791) 2 valves
Nassariidae

Nassanus acutus (Say, 1822) 29

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TEXAS CONCHOLOGIST Vol. XXXIV No. 1, August, 1997

Naticidae

Tectonatica pusilla (Say, 1822)

Nuculanidae

Nuculana concentnica (Say, 1824)
Nuculana unca (Gould, 1862)

Nuculidae

Olividae

Nucula aegeensis Jeffreys, 1879

Olivella dealbata (Reeve, 1850)

Ovulidae

Simnialena marferula Cate, 1973

Pectinidae

Argopecten irradians amplicostatus Dall, 1898

Petricolidae

Petnicola lapicida (Gmelin, 1791)

Phasinellidae

Tricolia affinis cruenta Robertson, 1958

Potamididae

Cenithidea pliculosus (Menke, 1829)

Pteridae

Pinctada imbricata Roding, 1798

Pyramidellidae

Odostomia laevigata (d’Orbigny, 1842)
Fargoa cf gaudens Corgan, 1967

Sayella sp. 1

Sayella sp. 2

Sayella sp. 3

Eulimastoma canaliculata (C.B.Adams, 1850)
Perstichia agria Dall, 1889

Ebala sp.

Boonea impressa (Say, 1821)

Boonea seminuda (C.B.Adams, 1834)
Odostomia engonia form teres Bush, 1885
Odostomia elegans d’Orbigny, 1842

23

12

22 valves
36 valves

60

7 juv. valves

1 juv. valve

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TEXAS CONCHOLOGIST Vol. XXXIV No. 1, August, 1997

Turbonilla aequalis (Say, 1827)
Turbonilla toyatani Henderson & Bartsch, 1914
Turbonilla sp.

Turbonilla peilei Dall and Bartsch, 1911
Turbonilla reticulata (C.B. Adams, 1850)
Odostomia sp.

Odostomia gibbosa Bush, 1909
Pyramidella orbiculata (Holmes, 1859)
Fargoa bushiana (Dall and Bartsch, 1906)
Odostomia weben Morrison, 1965
Cyclostremella humilis Bush, 1897
Turbonilla sp.

Retusidae
Volvulella persimilis (Mérch, 1875)

Rissoidae
Schwariziella catsebyana (d’Orbigny, 1842)

Zebina browniana (d’Orbigny, 1842)
Scaphandridae

Acteocina bidentata (d’Orbigny, 1841)
Semelidae

Abra aequalis (Say, 1822) many prs.
Skeneidae

Cyclostremiscus pentagonus (Gabb, 1873)

Sportellidae
Ensitellops protexta (Conrad, 1841)

Tellinidae
Stngilla pisiformis (Linnaeus, 1758)
Strigilla mirabilis (Philippi, 1841)
Macoma constncta (Bruguiere, 1792)
Macoma tenta (Say, 1822) juv. prs.

Trapeziidae
Coralliophaga coralliophaga (Gmelin, 1791)

24

oe

NNO WN OI] ODA PW

200

43

4 valves

1 valve

1 valve

1 juv. pair
& 50 valves

1 valve

TEXAS CONCHOLOGIST Vol. XXXIV No. 1, August, 1997

Triphoridae
Triphora nigrocincta (C.E. Adams, 1839) 6
Turridae
Kurtziella atrostyla (Tryon, 1884) 6
Kurtziella sp. 6
Nannodiella melanitica (Bush, 1885) 20
Pyrgocythara plicosa (C.B. Adams, 1850) 3
Cryotumis cerinella (Dall, 1889) 103
Ungulinidae
Phyctiderma semiaspera (Philippi, 1836) 1 valve
Diplodonta soror (C.B.Adams, 1852) 1 valve
Veneridae
Chione grus (Holmes, 1858) 1 pr, valves
Chione clenchi Pulley, 1952 24 valves
Mercenania campechiensis (Gmelin, 1791) 1 val.
Chione intapurpura (Conrad, 1849) valves
Vitrinellidae
Teinostoma parvicallum (Pilsbry & McGinty, 1945) 2
Circulus suppressus (Dall, 1889) 11
Anticlimax pilsbryi McGinty, 1945 3
Teinostoma sp. 1
Vitrinella floridana Pilsbry and McGinty, 1946 41
Teinostoma biscaynense Pilsbry & McGinty, 1945 21
Solanorbis infracarinatus Gabb, 1881 28
Teinostoma megastoma (C. B. Adams, 1850) 22
Vitrinella helicoidea (C. B. Adams, 1859) 1
Solanorbis blakei Rehder, 1944 7

2

TEXAS CONCHOLOGIST Vol. XXXIV No. 1, August, 1997

1997 HAROLD W. HARRY AWARD WINNERS

Three graduate students from Texas institutions were awarded mon-
etary gifts in May, 1997 by the Houston Conchology Society.

The first place award of $500.00 was given to Donald A. Yee of Texas
Tech University of Lubbock, Texas, for his research to investigate pat-
terns of diversity and habitat association of all species of land snails of
Puerto Rico.

Yee is the student of Dr. Michael R. Willig of the Department of Biologi-
cal Sciences and is working on his Master of Science degree in zool-
ogy. He hopes to finish this work by the end of 1998. He is originally
from Eastpointe, Michigan where he received his Associates degree
from Macomb Community College in 1994. His Bachelor's degree is in
biological science. He plans to pursue his studies to securing a Ph.D.
in some aspects of community, behavioral, and animal ecology.

A second award of $250.00 was given to Michelle McGrath, student of
Dr. J. W. Tunnell, Jr. of Texas A&M University at Corpus Christi, Texas.
McGrath's research has been on monitoring the range expansion of
Pema pema along the Texas coast, a mussel that has invaded the Texas
area in recent years.

Placement of articifical substrates along the coast enabled her to collect
spatfall. She hopes to complete her work to obtain her Master's degree
this fall. Michelle was one of our speakers last spring when we hosted
three students from Corpus for a club meeting program. She hopes
eventually to teach.

Another second award was made to John Beatty of Angelo State Uni-
versity at San Angelo, Texas. A student pursuing his Master's degree,
Beatty is the student of Dr. Ned Strenth, Department of Biology. His
research is on the examination of the transitional zone between Rabdotus
alternatus alteratus and Rabdotus altematus hespenus using allozyme
electrophoresis. These are land snails found in Texas.

Beatty is a graduate assistant in the Department of Biology at Angelo
State. He is a Texan and received his Bachelor's degree from that
university in 1996 and is currently working toward his Master's degree
in biology. He is the recipient of the Carr Scholarship award for 1994-
1996 and has been on the dean's list his entire college career. With Dr.

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TEXAS CONCHOLOGIST Vol. XXXIV No. 1, August, 1997

Strenth, he presented a paper on the preliminary review of allozyme
variation in the land snail, Holospira pedroana from Central Mexico at
the 99th annual meeting of the Texas Academy of Science.

The research work from each of the three winners is presented in this
issue of Texas Conchologist.

The Houston Conchology Society has announced plans to continue the
Harold W. Harry award in 1998. We are very pleased to have an
increased number of applications this year for the award. Due to two
donations to the award fund, the club was able to give three awards in
1997. The basic amount allocated to this award offer is $500.00.

DIVERSITY AND HABITAT ASSOCIATIONS OF LAND SNAILS
IN A SUBTROPICAL MONTANE RAINFOREST

DONALD A. YEE
Department of Biological Sciences
Texas Tech University, Lubbock Texas 79409-3131

Land snails in the Luquillo Experimental Forest (LEF) of Puerto Rico
are key components in nutrient cycling and decomposition. Quantify-
ing their diversity and patterns of habitat association may generate
insight into spatial variation in ecosystem function. This information
also is important to understanding the long-term recovery of ecosys-
tems from human and natural disturbance.

During the summer of 1997, land snail diversity and habitat associa-
tions will be assessed on a 16 ha grid. All snails will be located on
accessible surfaces (i.e., soil, vegetation, rock, and litter) within a three
meter radius of each of 160 points within this grid. Abundances of
each species of snail will be recorded to determine their spatial distribu-
tion. Additionally, a mark-recapture procedure will be used to estimate
population sizes for the two most common land snails, Caracolus
caracolla and Nenia tridens. All individuals of these species will be
marked with a unique number upon capture. After marking, snails will
be released at the point of capture. On subsequent nights, previously
marked snails, as well as newly marked individuals, will be recorded.
The Lincoln-Peterson, Lincoln-Peterson Modified, and Schnable mark-

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TEXAS CONCHOLOGIST Vol. XXXIV No. 1, August, 1997

recapture estimators will be calculated for each species at each point to
determine abundance.

To evaluate patterns of habitat association for snails, numerous taxo-
nomic and structural habitat characteristics will be recorded at each
sampling point. These attributes include the composition of surround-
ing vegetation, vertical structure of the vegetation, attributes of ground
cover, and canopy openness. At each point, a 3 m PVC pole, located
at each major compass heading 3 m from each sampling point, will be
used to define vertical structure and diversity. At every 0.5 m on this
pole, a small wooden dowel, 0.5 m in length, will be positioned perpen-
dicularly. For each major compass heading at each height, the taxo-
nomic identity of plants that the dowel touches will be recorded. Addi-
tionally, the relative amounts of rock, dead wood, vine, and litter cover
will be quantified for each point. Finally, a measure of canopy open-
ness (densiometer) will be recorded at each major compass headings,
3 m from the sampling point.

These data, in combination with density estimators, will be used to de-
termine the relationship between habitat characteristics and snail abun-
dance and diversity. An assessment of this relationship will be made by
grouping the 160 points by historical disturbance events (i.e., logging
and hurricanes) to evaluate the legacy of natural and anthropogenic
disturbance on the population and community attributes of tropical snails.

28

TEXAS CONCHOLOGIST Vol. XXXIV No. 1, August, 1997

MONITORING THE RANGE EXPANSION OF THE INTRODUCED
BROWN MUSSEL, PERNA PERNA (LINNAEUS, 1758) ALONG
THE TEXAS COAST AND INTO BAYS AND INLETS

MICHELLE MCGRATH
Texas A. & M University, 6300 Ocean Drive
Corpus Christi, TX, 78412

Pema pema, the non-indigenous brown mussel, was first observed Feb-
ruary 1990 on the south jetties located at Port Aransas, Texas. To date
there has been a gradual range expansion southward along the Texas
Gulf coast as well as a slower northward expansion. A monitoring pro-
gram has been initiated in an effort to survey P. perna expansion and
determine effect of the distribution of P. perma on utility, navigational
structures, and service lands. Other objectives include determining
potential limiting factors and communicating with other agencies and
universities on the status of P. pema. Research was initiated in June
1995 to monitor the dispersal of P. perna along the Texas Gulf coast,
including adjacent bay systems. In this study, fourteen sites along the
Texas Gulf coast were examined for P. perma presence to establish a
current base range. Artificial substrates were placed in January 1996,
in four areas along the Texas coast along areas of water passage with
no existing hard substrates. These areas include Cedar Bayou, Pass
Cavallo, San Bernard River, Brazos River, and one area with pre-exist-
ing hard substrates, Aransas Pass (control). These substrates consist
of four different substrate “types” Including wood, tile, metal and plastic.
Therefore, it is my intention to monitor these substrates to collect data
which may be used to help manage this non-indigenous, introduced
species.

29

TEXAS CONCHOLOGIST Vol. XXXIV No. 1, August, 1997

AN EXAMINATION OF THE TRANSITION ZONE BETWEEN
RABDOTUS ALTERNATUS ALTERNATUS AND
RABDOTUS ALTERNATUS HESPERIUS
(GASTROPODA: PULMONATA)

USING ALLOZYME ELECTROPHORESIS

JOHN BEATTY
Department of Biology,
Angelo State University,
San Angelo, Texas, 76909,
E-mail: aad538@ramail.angelo.edu

Rabdotus altematus is a wide spread land snail that is found in south-
ern Texas and northern Mexico. Two subspecies are currently recog-
nized as occurring in Texas. Rabdotus alternatus altematus, which is
characterized by a white shell with brown streaks, is found south on the
coastal plains and the lower Rio Grande Valley northwest to eastern Val
Verde County (Fullington & Pratt,1974). Rabdotus altematus hespenus,
with a predominantly white shell, is found from above Presidio down-
stream to Val Verde County, Fullington and Pratt (1974:15) proposed
that the two subspecies intergrade in “a broad transition zone” in Val
Verde County of southwest Texas. Pilsbry (1946:17) had earlier noted
that Val Verde specimens appeared to be possible “intergrades.” This
study was undertaken to determine the nature of enzymatic variation
among and between populations of Rabdotus altematus from Val Verde
County in comparison with populations from both the upper and lower
Rio Grande Valley of Texas.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Specimens of both subspecies from Brewster, Maverick, Starr, and Val
Verde Counties have been collected, frozen in liquid nitrogen, and are
currently in the frozen tissue holdings at Angelo State University. Elec-
trophoretic analysis, using cellulose acetate electrophoresis (Hebert &
Beaton 1993), will be conducted on tissue samples from as many of the
collections as possible. Monies from the award will be used to defray
the cost of chemicals involved with the electrophoretic analysis.

PROPOSED RESULTS

My current plans are to present the results of this project during the
annual meeting of theTexas Academy of Science in 1998,

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TEXAS CONCHOLOGIST Vol. XXXIV No. 1, August, 1997

Also,if accepted, it is my intention to submit the results of this study to
suitable scientific journal for publication.

LITERATURE CITED

Fullington, R. W. and W. L. Pratt. 1974. Dallas Museum of Natural
History. Bulletin 1. The aquatic and land mollusca of Texas.
Part 3. Bulimulidae. Pp, 14-19, 34, Melton Printing Co. Inc.
48 pp.

Hebert, P. and M. Beaton. 1993. Methodologies for allozyme analysis
using Cellulose acetate electrophoresis. A practical handbook,
Obtained through Helena Laboratories. 1-800-231-5663.

Pilsbry, H. A. 1946. Land mollusca of North America (north of Mexico).
Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia. Monograph 3(Vol.
2-part 1): 16-17.

ANNOUNCEMENT: DR. HAROLD W. HARRY MEMORIAL
AWARD, 1998.

The Houston Conchology Society has established the Dr. Harold W.
Harry Memorial Award to support graduate research in malacology at
both private and public Texas institutions. As funding permits, an an-
nual stipend of $500.00 will be awarded to a full-time graduate student
studying molluscan phylogeny, ecology, physiology, etc. The recipient
may use these monies to help defray travel (e. g. meetings, field work,
museum visits, etc.) and research expenditures, (e. g. supplies, elec-
tron microscope time, etc.)

Interested students must submit a completed application (available from
the editor of Texas Conchologist) and a concise, one page proposal,
outlining their research. All paperwork must be submitted by March 1,
1998. Announcement of winners will be made by May 15, 1998.

An application for 1998 is enclosed. Write or call the HCS President
for more forms or information.

Constance E. Boone
3706 Rice Blvd.
Houston, TX 77005
Tel. (713) 668-8252

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TEXAS CONCHOLOGIST Vol. XXXIV No. 1, August, 1997

NEW PUBLICATION POLICIES

The Texas Conchologist, publication of the Houston Conchology Soci-
ety, Inc., introduces with this issue some policy and publication changes.

This journal began as a monthly meeting newsletter, evolved to a quar-
terly bulletin and lately has been published 1-3 times yearly.

Beginning with this issue, the editors plan two issues a year to present
reearch or serious studies of mollusks from Texas and the Gulf of Mexico.
Worldwide papers of local interest will also be considered. Travel re-
ports are acceptable if they are concise and informative. New finds,
preferably with photographs, are welcome. The journal will continue to
present researched lists of families or genera helpful to malacologists.
This publication is not copyrighted.

The editors are pleased in this issue to offer current studies by gradu-
ate students from Texas Institutions.

It is also with great pleasure that we present the Alexania report
by Dr. Robert Robertson.

Dr. Robertson has long been an authority on epitoniids and was in-
volved in the mystery of nomenclature of Alexania.

We thank our member Roe Davenport, Jr. for bringing this new find in
Texas to our attention.

The Editors

Bz

HOUSTON CONCHOLOGY SOCIETY, INC.

Officers

1997-1998
President: Constance E. Boone
Program Vice President: Mary Martin
Field Trip Vice-President: Dave & Nancy Barziza
Treasurer: Nancy Mustachio
Recording Secretary: Carol Andrews
Corresponding Secretary: Jean Holman

Directors:
Angela Doucette Ruth Anne Sparlin
Cheryl Hood Alex Bermudez
Virginia Joiner Dave Green
Immediate Past President: Darwin G. Alder

Co-Editor, Texas Conchologist Constance E. Boone
Co-Editor, Texas Conchologist Darwin G. Alder

Honorary Life Members

Constance E. Boone Dr. Helmer Ode'

TEXAS CONCHOLOGIST Vol. XXXIV No.1, AUGUST 1997

Table of Contents

Field Notes on the Southward Dispersal of the Exotic Brown
Mussel, Perna perna, in the Western Gulf of Mexico.

by Brenden S. Holland.................sccssecssccccccscsscssees 1
Alexania (Epitoniidae) in Texas, and Parallels with Recluzia
(Janthinidae) |

by Robert Robertson...............ccccccccccssssessnsseseeessees 10
Thirty-Year Old Beach Sample

by’ Dr. Helmer Od 6 .rs oases ccgosncseckoss pheastauschadesntuwates 19
1997 Harold W. Harry Award Winne’e...............ccccccssseeeees 26

Diversity and Habitat Associations of Land Snails ina
Subtropical Montane Rainforest
DY: DOMAIG: Fai FOG ccs ccaseecgentensedicep see swonnatuesuneyenaitears 27

Monitoring the Range Expansion of the Introduced Brown
Mussel, Perna perna (Linnaeus, 1758) Along the Texas
Coast and into Bays and Inlets

by Michelle McGrath...............ccsscssssssscssscsssssssssseees 29

An Examination of the Transition Zone Between Rabdotus
alternatus alternatus and Rabdotus alternatus hesperius
(Gastropoda: Pulmonata) Using Allozyme Electrophoresis.
BY JOR BORON oy ceiicccdaveisiccivinsenininiicn sate dviesipaentaaios 30
Announcement: Dr. Harold W. Hary Award, 1998............ 31

OW Parblicationy: POG ii ior css isedeantonsésteinadacecsvctesankcudeeaack 32

- VOLUME XXXIV, No. 2 ISSN 0885-1263 -

MARCH 1998

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articles are welcomed

TEXAS CONCHOLOGIST Vol. XXXIV No. 2, March, 1998

Indo-Pacific Taxa of Turbonilids, excluding those along the
Americas.
by Dr. Helmer Odé

This is a third list of turbonillid taxa; a fourth list of these for Europe, the
Mediterranean and West Africa has also been prepared. This list is
more or less complete until about 1980. It includes all recent and fossil
taxa | have been able to find. For each mentioned taxon a reference
has been given except for a few where pertinent data were not available
tome. Much more library work in worldwide libraries would be necesary
to supply that information.

As before all species, which were originally reported as Turbonilla or
another clearly turbonillid genus, are in this list. Also those reported as
Turbonilla, which probably are not in that genus (Cingulina,
Ptycheulimella), are listed, with the notation "not turbonillid". All names
invented by A. Adams, many of which have never been used by later
workers, can be found here. Also included are the few living species of
circum Antarctic seas.

The reader will soon notice that the majority of names was invented by
only a few workers: Nomura named many of the Japanese and Taiwan-
ese species; Saurin those of Thailand; Melvill those of the Persian Gulf
and Gulf of Oman; Sowerby, Bartsch and Turton those of South Africa;
Laseron those of Australia and Laws those of New Zealand.

Although | have discovered several synonymies which so far escaped
notice, no replacement names should be proposed. Until the true ge-
neric position of most species can be established on a more satisfac-
tory basis than by shell characters, such arbitrary name changes often
create extra taxonomic problems. There is no doubt that further work
will considerably shorten the present list even though in the enormous
expanse of the Indo-Pacific Ocean still other species await discovery.

Comments by the author reflect his views.

a-adamsiana Nomura, 1936, Turbonilla (Turbonilla), no. 10, p. 61,
figs. 66 a, b. Recent, Siogama Bay, Japan.

abbreviata Turton, 1932, Turbonilla, p. 100, pl. 22, fig. 728. Recent,
Port Alfred, South Africa.

abercrombei Melvill, 1896, Turbonilla, p. 114, pl. 8, fig. 7. Recent,
India and Gulf of Thailand.

33

TEXAS CONCHOLOGIST Vol. XXXIV No. 2, March, 1998

abjunctus Laws, 1937 Pyrgiscus p. 176, pl. 34, fig. 3. Tertiary,
(Awamoan),Gisborne district, New Zealand.

abseida Dall and Bartsch, 1906, Turbonilla (Chemnitzia), p. 337, pl.21,
fig. 4. Recent, Japan.

acer Laws, 1937, Chemnitzia, p. 68, pl. 14, fig. 3. Recent, off Otago
Heads, New Zealand.

acicularis A. Adams, 1855, Chemnitzia, p. 181, no figure. Bohol, Phil-
ippines, at 60 fms. Also has been described the variety similis
Laseron, 1951 (see there). A possible synonym, (some work-
ers disagree) is Turbonilla macleyana Tenison Woods, 1877.
See there.

aclis A. Adams, 1851, Pyramidella, p. 224. Recent, Philippines. See
also Yen, 1942, p. 221, pl. 20, fig. 136 and Nomura, 1939, pl.
9, fig. 21, who places it in Rissosymola.

acosmia Dall and Bartsch, 1906, Turbonilla (Chemnitzia), p. 329, pl.
20, fig. 5. Mostly reported as Pliocene and Pleistocene fossil
from Japan.

acosta Bartsch, 1929, Turbonilla (Pyrgolampros), Vol. 10, p. 136, pl.
4, fig. 5. Russian seas near Vladivostok.

actophora Dall and Bartsch, 1906, Turbonilla (Chemnitzia), p. 338, pl.
20, fig. 6. From Dunker collection, Japan. Pliocene and Re-
cent, North Central Japan.

acutilirata Sowerby, 1892, Turbonilla, pl. 1, fig. 32. See trachealis
Gould, 1861.

adaba Bartsch, 1915, Turbonilla (Pselliogyra), p. 75, pl. 15, fig.5.
Recent, Port Alfred, South Africa. Probably Pyrgulinid.

adamsi Clessin, 1902, Turbonilla, p. 257, pl. 41, fig. 1. Recent, Hong
Kong. Not Turbonilla adamsi Cossman, 1912, a replacement
name for Chemnitzia pusilla C. B. Adams, 1850 from Jamaica,
nor Turbonilla (Cingulina) adamsi Yokoyama, 1920. (see next).

adamsi Yokoyama, 1920, Turbonilla (Cingulina), p. 83, pl. 5, fig. 17.
Pliocene-recent, Japan and Gulf of Thailand.
Probable synonyms: Cingulina japonica Clessin, 1900, p. 223,
pl. 36, fig. 3 and Cingulina inequicingulata Nomura, 1938, p. 9,
pl. 3, figs. 29 a, b. Cingulina is not turbonillid.

adelaidensis Ludbrook, 1957, Turbonilla (Chemnitzia), p. 45, pl. 3, fig.
13. Pliocene, Adelaide, Australia.

adeps Laws, 1937, Pyrgiscilla, p. 174, pl. 34, fig. 8. Tertiary (Bortonian),
New Zealand.

admira Nomura, 1937, Turbonilla, p. 67, pl. 14, figs. 79 a, b. Recent,
Sagami Bay, Japan. .

admirabilis Turton, 1932, Turbonilla, p. 98. Replacement name for

34

TEXAS CONCHOLOGIST Vol. XXXIV No. 2, March, 1998

Elusa bifasciata Tenison Woods, 1876; not Turbonilla bifasciata
A. Adams, 1861. See also Chemnitzia fusca A. Adams, 1855.

aemilia Thiele, 1925, Turbonilla, p. 323, pl. 17, fig. 26, 26a. Recent,
Padang, Sumatra.

affinis Turton, 1932, Turbonilla pellucida var..., p. 98, pl. 21, fig. 719.
See pellucidus Sowerby, 1897.

africana Tate, 1867, Chemnitzia, p. 153. Neocomian of South Africa.
Newton, 1896 lists it as Turbonilla, but generic position unclear.

agatha Thiele, 1925, Turbonilla (Pyrgiscus), p. 164, pl. 17, fig. 5.
Indian Ocean, station 211. Described from a single specimen.

aglaia Bartsch, 1915, Turbonilla (Cingulina), p. 83, pl. 17, fig. 3.
Recent, Port Alfred, South Africa. Not turbonillid.

agrestis Laws, 1937, Turbonilla, p. 410, figs. 1, 1a. Not Turbonilla
(Pyrgiscus) agrestis Aldrich, 1911, from the Eocene of
Alabama. See also paleogenica Corgan, 1969.

ailhaudi Saurin, 1959, Chemnitzia, p. 262, pl. 6, fig. 23. Recent,
Nhatrang, Viet Nam and Gulf of Thailand.

alacer Saurin, 1959, Pyrgiscus, p. 269, pl. 8, fig. 21. Recent, Nhatrang,
Viet Nam.

alba Grabau and King, 1928, Turbonilla garettiana var... See
garrettiana Dall and Bartsch, 1906.

albella A. Adams, 1861, Turbonilla, p. 298, no figure. Recent, Shantung,
China at 4 fms.

albolapis Laws, 1937, Pyrgolampros, p. 168, p. 35, fig. 30. Tertiary
(Awamoan), New Zealand.

alma Thiele, 1925, Turbonilla, p. 323, pl. 17, fig. 20, 20a. Recent,
Sumatra, Indonesia.

alta Clessin, 1900, Turbonilla, p. 165, pl. 29, fig. 7. Recent, Nagasaki,
Japan. See also Kuroda and Habe, 1952, p. 94.

amalia Thiele, 1925, Turbonilla, p. 324, pl. 17, fig. 27. Recent, off
Padang, Sumatra.

amanda Thiele, 1925, Chemnitzia, p. 255, pl. 4, fig. 15. Recent, Nias
off the west coast of Sumatra.

ambigua Saurin, 1961, Chemnitzia, p. 255, pl. 4, fig. 15. Recent, Gulf
of Thailand (Thuan Yen). Only known from type locality. Not
Turbonilla ambigua Weinkauf, 1868, which is a replacement
name for Rissoa gracilis Philippi, 1844 (which is Odostomia
emaciata Brusina, 1865); nor Turbonilla ambigua Deshayes,
1864, p. 571, pl. 21, figs. 20-21, from the Oligocene of the
Paris Basin.

ambulatia Laseron, 1951, Chemnitzia, p. 322, fig. 93. Recent, Long
Reef, Australia.

35

TEXAS CONCHOLOGIST Vol. XXXIV No. 2, March, 1998

amicitia Nomura, 1936, Turbonilla (Pyrgiscus), p. 79, pl. 8, fig. 58 a,b.
See mumia A. Adams, 1861, p. 45, described as a Chrysallida,
but which may be a Turbonilla.

angasi Tenison Woods, 1878, Turbonilla. Non vidi. See manae Tenison
Woods, 1876.

angea Bartsch, 1915, Turbonilla (Pyrgolampros), p. 77, pl. 9, fig. 3.
Recent, Port Alfred, South Africa.

angulifera Yokoyama, 1922, Turbonilla (Careliopsis), p. 106, pl. 5,
fig. 15. Pleistocene, Japan. Of doubtful pyramidellid affinity.

angustissima Melvill, 1904, Turbonilla, p. 55, pl. 5, fig. 13. Recent,
Persian Gulf, Viet Nam. May be a Nisiturris, and possibly
Turbonilla gabrieli Hedley, 1909, p. 449, pl. 42, fig. 74 from
Hope Islands, Queensland is the same.

anna Thiele, 1925 Turbonilla, p. 159, pl. 16, figs. 8,8a. Recent from
98° 52.3'-O° 39.2' at 750 m.

annamitica Saurin, 1959, Chemnitzia, p. 262, pl. 7, fig. 16. Recent,
from Nhatrang, Viet Nam.

antiqua Marshall, 1919, Turbonilla, p. 228, pl. 15, fig. 10. See
hampdenensis Allan, 1927. [Not antiqua Sacco, 1892, T.
costellatoides var antiqua from the Italian tertiaries, which is
probably 7. scala Eichwald, 1853].

aoteana Powell, 1930, Chemnitzia, p. 545, pl. 87, fig. 15. Recent,
New Zealand. :

aplini Brazier, 1877, Turbonilla, p. 258. Recent, New Guinea.
According to Laseron, 1959, p. 218 is Exesilla.

approximata Dall and Bartsch, 1906, Turbonilla (Chemnitzia), pl. 20,
fig. 1. Recent, Japan. Possibly there are the following
synonyms: Turbonilla (Turbonilla) pseudoapproximata Nomura,
1936, p. 55, pl. 7, figs. 51 a,b and 56a, b, Siogama Bay,
Japan; Turbonilla (Chemnitzia) subapproximata Yoyokama,
1920, p. 83, pl. 5, fig. 16. Pliocene of Naganuma, Japan;
Turbonilla (Turbonilla) osyuensis Nomura, 1936, p. 54, pl. 6,
figs. 48 a,b. Recent, Siogama Bay, Japan.

apsa Bartsch, 1915, Turbonilla (Pyrgiscus), p. 81, pl. 16, fig. 4.
Recent, Port Alfred, South Africa.

arayai Nomura, 1936, Turbonilla (Turbonilla), p. 74, pl. 12,
figs. 102 a,b. Recent, Siogama Bay.

arcana Laws, 1937, Turbonilla, p. 413, pl. 32, fig.5. Tertiary (Bortonian)
of New Zealand.

archen Dall and Bartsch, 1904, Turbonilla (Baldra), p. 15, no figure.
Recent, Singapore. Type of Baldra, Dall and Bartsch, 1904.

arcuata Nomura, 1936, Turbonilla (Turbonilla), p. 59, pl. 8, figs. 62 a,b.
Recent, Siogama Bay. Based on a pathologically deformed

36

TEXAS CONCHOLOGIST Vol. XXXIV No. 2, March, 1998

specimen sometimes found in Turbonillas.

argentea Sowerby, 1892, Turbonilla. Non vidi. See Turton, 1932,
p.94. Recent, South Africa.

arianae Hornung and Mermod, 1924, Turbonilla, p. 305, text fig. 22.
Recent, Massaua, Red Sea at 30 m.

arrighii Saurin, 1959, Chemnitzia, p. 264, pl. 6, fig. 12. Recent,
Nhatrang, Viet Nam. Described from a single specimen.

asmundina Saurin, 1959, Pyrgiscilla, pl. 9, fig. 12. Recent, Nhatrang,
Viet Nam. Only known from type locality.

aspera Kuroda and Habe, 1971, Paramomula (with Oyama), p. 279,
pl. 64, fig. 5. Recent, Sagami Bay, Japan, at 200 m.

asperodolata Laws, 1940, Turbonilla, p. 442, fig. 23. Miocene
(Waitotaran) of New Zealand.

asperulata A. Adams, 1860, Dunkena, p. 119, no figure. Not
pyramidellid, but Clathrofenella.

atossa Bartsch, 1915, Turbonilla (Pyrgiscus), p. 78, pl. 15, fig. 1.
Recent, South Africa.

aulica Dall and Bartsch, 1906, Turbonilla (Mormula), p. 345. pl. 22,
fig. 7. Replacement name for Turbonilla varicosa Dunker, 1860
[not Turbonilla varicosa Doderlein, 1862]. Recent, Nagasaki,
Japan, and throughout the tropical Pacific. There are several
synonyms (see Cernohorsky, 1972): Turbonilla vitiensis
clavus Pilsbry, 1918, p. 317, pl. 22, fig. 3. Recent, Fidji
Islands; Turbonilla elongata Pease, 1867, p, 293, pl. 24, fig.
22, type of Lancea Pease, 1868 and Lancella Dall and Bartsch,
1906, preoccupied by Chemnitzia elongata Philippi, 1844 (non
vidi) and was named Turbonilla peasei Dall and Bartsch, 1906,
p. 347; Mormula excellens Sowerby, 1907, p. 302, pl. 25,
fig. 10, New Caledonia; Chemnitzia cumingii Carpenter, 1856,
p. 170. Recent "China seas"; Turbonilla (Pyrgiscus) miyagiensis
Nomura, 1936, p. 86, pl. 11, figs. 85 a,b. Recent, Siogama
Bay, Japan; Turbonilla tokunagai Yokoyama, 1920, p. 84,
pl. 5, fig. 8. Pleistocene, Japan.

aureocincta Kuroda and Habe, 1971, Mormula (with Oyama), p. 278,
pl. 114, fig. 10. Recent, Sagami Bay. Indistinguishable from
figure of C. flavocincta C. B.Adams, 1850 from Jamaica given
by Clench and Turner, 1950, p. 281.

auncolor Nomura, 1936, Turbonilla (Pyrgiscus), p. 88, pl. 6,
figs. 44 a,b, Siogama Bay, Japan.

australis Laseron, 1959, Egila, p. 223, figs. 111, 112. Recent, northern
Australia. Doubtfully referred to Egila and in my opinion
turbonillid (Asmunda?).

37

TEXAS CONCHOLOGIST Vol. XXXIV No. 2, March, 1998

awakinoensis Laws, 1937, Mormula, p. 177, pl. 35, fig. 29. Tertiary
(Hutchinsonian), New Zealand.

awamoaensis Marshall and Murdoch, 1921, Turbonilla, p. 84, pl. 19,
fig.6. Tertiary (Awamoan), New Zealand. Not pyramidellid but
Notacirsa [Epitoniidae].

awamoana Laws, 1937, Turbonilla, p. 411, pl. 32, fig. 3. Tertiary
(Awamoan), New Zealand.

awana Nomura, 1938, Turbonilla ss., p. 87, pl. 15, figs. 132 a,b.
Pleistocene of Tiba prefecture, Japan.

awasimulans Laws, 1937, Turbonilla, p. 415, pl. 32, fig. 11. Tertiary
(Awamoan), New Zealand.

axivarians Laws, 1937, Chemnitzia zelandica..., p.61. See
zealandica Hutton, 1873.

badia Pilsbry, 1905, Turbonilla hiradoensis var..., p. 30. See
hiradoensis Pilsbry, 1905. :

barrierensis Laws, 1937, Chemnitzia, p. 61, figs. 11 and pl. 14,
fig. 29. Recent, New Zealand.

barthelemyi Saurin, 1958, Turbonilla (Turbonilla), p. 79, pl. 4, figs. 2,3.
Recent, South Viet Nam. Described from a single specimen.

basicincta Saurin, 1959, Pyrgiscilla, p. 273, pl. 9, fig. 7. Recent,
Viet Nam and Gulf of Thailand.

basicordata Nomura, 1936, Turbonilla (Turbonilla) D..J2, Aor
figs. 52 a,b. Recent, Siogama Bay, Japan. This could be an
Asmunda.

basilica Melvill, 1898, Turbonilla, p. 22, pl. 1, fig. 9. Recent,
Persian Gulf.

bathybius Barnard, 1963, Turbonilla, p. 89 and figure in Barnard, 1969,
p. 649. Recent, off East London, South Africa.

batyraphe Sowerby, 1901, Turbonilla, p. 213, pl. 22, fig. 18. Recent,
South Africa. Probably a Tragula, which is in my opinion a
pyrgulinid.

baumanni Cox, 1927, Strioturbonilla, p. 20, pl. 10, fig. 9. Miocene of
Pemba Island, Zanzibar.

becki Turton, 1932, Turbonilla, p. 97, pl. 21, fig 705. Recent, Port Alfred,
South Africa. Described from a single specimen.

beddomei Petterd, 1884, Chemnitzia, p. 136, no figure. See
tasmanica Tenison Woods, 1875.

bella Dall and Bartsch, 1906, Turbonilla (Lancella), p. 346, pl. 22,
fig. 6. See comelliana Newcomb, 1870.

belonis Melvill and Standen, 1896, Turbonilla, p. 303. Recent, Japan
and Pacific Islands. Type of Amamimormula Kuroda, 1928. A
possible synonym is Amamimormula torresiana Laseron, 1959,
p. 245, figs. 192, 193 from Murray Island, Australia.

38

TEXAS CONCHOLOGIST Vol. XXXIV No. 2, March, 1998

belsantii Saurin, 1959, Asmunda, p. 266, pl. 8, fig. 3. Recent, Nhatrang,
Viet Nam. Described from a single specimen.

bertha Thiele, 1925, Turbonilla, p. 160, pl. 16, fig. 11. Recent. This
could be a Waikura.

bexleyana Laws, 1937, Turbonilla, p. 422, pl. 33, fig. 18. Tertiary
(Hutchinsonian), New Zealand.

bicarinata Carpenter, 1856, Chemnitzia, p. 170. Recent, Mindanao,
Philippines. Only cited by others, never reported found.

bicincta A. Adams, 1860, Turbonilla, p. 419, no figure. Recent, Japan.

bifasciata Tenison Woods, 1877, Elusa, p. 150, no figure. Recent,
Tasmania. See fusca A. Adams, 1855. This is not bifasciata
A. Adams, 1861.

bifasciata A. Adams, 1861, Turbonilla, p. 298. Recent, Hula Shan Bay,
China. Some authors incorrectly synonymize this with
Chemnitzia fusca A. Adams, 1860. See also Cooke, 1885.

bifilosa Barnard, 1963, Turbonilla (?), p. 90, text figure 15 a. Recent,
at 34° 5'S, 25° 55' E, at 67 fms.; described from a single
incomplete specimen.

birestis Laseron, 1959, Pyrgiscilla, p. 241, fig. 178. Recent,
Endeavour Reef, Australia.

bisculpta Nomura, 1937, Turbonilla, p. 27, figs. 30 a, b. Recent,
Siogama Bay, Japan.

bittiformis Carpenter, 1856, Chemnitzia, p. 171, no figure, Recent,
Mindanao, Philippines. Apparently never reported found, but
only listed by others.

blanda Finlay, 1924, Turbonilla (Pyrgolampros), p. 522, fig.4. Recent,
Otago, New Zealand. Doubtful affinity (Ac/is?).

boholensis A. Adams, 1855, Chemnitzia, p. 180, no figure. Recent,
Bohol, Philippines.

bona Nomura, 1937, Turbonilla (Pyrgiscus), p. 71, pl. 14, figs. 80 a, b.
Recent, Sagami Bay, Japan. Described from a single
specimen.

bonellii Saurin, 1959, Chemnitzia, p. 263, pl. 7, fig. 9. Recent
Nhatrang, Viet Nam and Gulf of Thailand. Not Turbonilla
(Pyrgiscus) bonellii Pavia, 1975, p. 162, pl. 11, figs. 24 and
27. Introduced as replacement name for Pyrgostelis columnaris
Bonelli (from the Lower Pliocene of Italy) which is not
Pyrgolydium columnanis Bonelli as reported by Harmer, 1920.

boninensis Nomura, 1939, Turbonilla (Pyrgiscus), p. 141, pl. 9, fig. 4.
Recent, Titizima, Japan.

bosihoensis Nomura, 1935, Turbonilla (Turbonilla), p. 224, pl. 10,
figs. 37a, b. Pliocene of Taiwan.

39

TEXAS CONCHOLOGIST Vol. XXXIV No. 2, March, 1998

bowenensis Laseron, 1959, Turbonilla, p. 233, figs. 142, 143.
Recent, Bowen, Australia. A possible synonym is Turbonilla
ninona Laseron, 1959, p. 223, fig. 143, from the Albany
Passage, Australia.

brevis Nomura, 1936, Turbonilla, p. 85, pl. 9, figs. 67a, b. Post-
Pleistocene to Recent in Siogama Bay, Japan. Preoccupied
by Turbonilla brevis Seguenza, 1880, p. 265, no figure. Astien
of southern Italy, with a "variety" obsoleta Seguenza. Even
older is Turbonilla brevis Reuss, 1867, p. 157, pl. 7, fig. 9 from
the Miocene of Poland which may be pyrgulinid (? pygmaea
Grateloup, 1838). There also exists Turbonilla humboldti brevis
Requien, 1848 from Corsica, which is an Actaeopyramis and
Turbonilla (Pyrgisculus). Scalaris brevis Cerulli lrelli, 1914,
p. 276, figs. 65a, b and 66.

brevisutura Laws, 1937, Chemnitzia, p. 68, pl. 14, fig. 35. Tertiary
( Hutchinsonian and Awamoan) of New Zealand.

brunneomaculata Melvill, 1897, Elusa, p. 13, pl. 6, fig. 5. Recent,
Persian Gulf, Gulf of Oman, Karachi. This may be the same as
Elusa ruppelli Jickeli, 1882 from the Red Sea.

bucknilli Laws, 1937, Chemnitzia, p. 56, pl. 13, figs. 14 and 34.
Recent, Tauranga, New Zealand.

byorituana Nomura, 1935, Turbonilla s.s., p. 224, pl. 10, figs. 36a, b.
Pliocene of Taiwan.

caelata A. Adams, 1864, Parthenia, p. 4, no figure. Recent, Japan. In
my opinion not turbonillid, but Dall and Bartsch, 1906 placed it
in Babella which they considered a subgenus of Turbonilla. |n
that case it was preoccupied by caelata Gould, 1861 and thus
the name was changed to cael/atior Dall and Bartsch, 1906.

caelata Gould, 1861, Turbonilla, p. 406, no figure. Recent, Hong Kong,
China.

caelatior Dall and Bartsch, 1906, Turbonilla (Babella), p. 347, pl. 17,
fig. 9 ex Dunker collection (Berlin Museum). Recent, Japan.
See also caelata A. Adams, 1864.

callista Bartsch, 1915, Turbonilla (Cingulina), p. 83, pl. 17, fig. 2.
Recent, Port Alfred, South Africa. Cingulina is not turbonillid.

campbellica Odhner, 1924, Turbonilla, p. 33, pl. 1, fig. 23. Recent,
Campbell Island, New Zealand.

cancellata Turton, 1932, Turbonilla, p. 99, pl. 21, fig. 724. Recent
South Africa. Not Chemnitzia cancellata Orbigny, 1842, atlas,
pl. 17, figs. 1-3 (1853), recent, Cuba, possibly an Odostomia;
nor Dunkena cancellata Carpenter, 1857, p. 435, Mexico
(Pacific), nor Turbonilla cancellata Holmes, 1860, p. 85,
South Carolina.

40

TEXAS CONCHOLOGIST Vol. XXXIV No. 2, March, 1998

candida A. Adams, 1855, Chemnitzia, p. 181, no figure. Recent,
Philippines, South Africa, Gulf of Suez, Karachi. There is a
synonym: Turbonilla (Chemnitzia) kraussi Clessin, 1900,
p. 135, pl. 16, fig. 6, replacement name for Turbonilla lactea
Krauss, 1848, non Linné, 1758. Not Dunkena candida A.
Adams, 1861, p. 301, no figure, replaced by Turbonilla
(Pyrgisculus) candidissima Dall and Bartsch, 1906; nor
Turbonilla candida de Folin, 1870, p. 207, pl. 28, fig. 13, from
Senegal, West Africa. Melvill reported this species from the
Persian Gulf (extremely doubtful in my opinion).

candida A. Adams, 1861, Dunkeria, p. 301. See candida A. Adams
1855 and candidissima Dall and Bartsch, 1906.

candidissima Dall and Bartsch, 1906, Pyrgisculus, p. 342, pl. 17,
fig. 3.Pleistocene till recent, Nagasaki, Japan. Replacement
name for Dunkeria candida A. Adams, 1861, p. 301, no figure.

cara Nomura, 1936, Turbonilla, p. 72, pl. 12, figs. 97a, b. Recent,
Siogama Bay, Japan.

carifa Bartsch, 1915, Turbonilla (Careliopsis), p. 84, pl. 20, fig. 4.
Recent, Port Alfred, South Africa. Not turbonillid.

cerina A. Adams, 1861, Turbonilla, p. 297, no figure. Recent,
Gulf of Pe-Chili, China.

chabanesi de Folin; 18.., Dunkeria, p. 249, pl. 31, fig. 6. Recent,
Noumea, New Caledonia.

charbarensis Melvill and Standen, 1901, Turbonilla (Pyrgostelis),
p. 393, pl. 22, fig. 22. Recent, Charbar, Mekran Coast.

charezieuxi Saurin, 1959, Chemnitzia, p. 264, pl. 6, fig. 15. Recent,
Nahtrang, Viet Nam. Described from a single specimen.

chattonensis Marwick, 1929, Turbonilla (Strioturbonilla), p. 920,
figs. 52, 53, 57,61. Tertiary of Chatton, New Zealand. Type
of Pyrgiscilla.

cheverti Hedley, 1901, Turbonilla, p. 124, pl. 16, fig. 13. Replacement
name for Turbonilla eximia Brazier, 1877, p. 258. Recent,
New South Wales. Not Turbonilla eximia A. Adams, 1860,
p. 418, no figure. Recent, Korea.

chilkaensis Preston, 1915, Chrysallida (Mormula) humilis var...,
p. 295, figs. 6, 6a. See humilis Preston, 1906.

chinensis Clessin, 1900, Turbonilla, p. 170, pl. 35, fig. 2. Recent,
Makao; reported with wrong gender as "chinense".

chitaniana Yokoyama, 1926 Turbonilla (Mormula), p. 384, pl. 44, fig. 7.
Made type of Mormurella Nomura, 1939. Is not turbonillid but
a synonym is Plioacirsa martensi de Boury, 1936(7).
(Epitoniidae).

chrysostoma "Mart" Couturier, 1907, Turbonilla, p. 168. Error for

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TEXAS CONCHOLOGIST Vol. XXXIV No. 2, March, 1998

chrysozona von Martens, 1880. See there.

chrysozona von Martens, 1880, Chemnitzia, p. 301, pl. 20, fig. 21.
Recent, Mauritius and Madagascar.

chuttina Saurin, 1959, Asmunda, p. 266, pl. 8, fig. 11. Recent,
Nhatrang, Viet Nam. Described from a single specimen.

cifara Bartsch, 1915, Turbonilla (Mormula), p. 84, pl. 16, fig. 5.
Recent, Port Alfred, South Africa.

cincta A. Adams, 1860, Turbonilla, p. 419, no figure. Recent, Mino
Sima at 60 fms. Japan.

cingulata Dunker, 1860, Turbonilla, p. 239, no figure. Recent,
Nagasaki, Japan. Not turbonillid, but is Cingulina. Asynonym
is Turbonilla (Cingulina) laticingula Dall and Bartsch, 1906,
p. 344, pl. 21, fig. 3. Recent, Japan.

circumdata Gould, 1861, Chemnitzia, p. 407, no figure. Recent,
Sydney, Australia. Cingulina is not turbonillid. A synonym is
Cingulina circinata A. Adams, 1860 (p. 414). Recent, Japan.
Subsequent authors have split the species in a number of
others f. i. Cingulina brazieri Angas, 1877. p. 35, pl. 5, fig. 5
and Terebra hedleyi Tate, 1901, p. 214, incorrect replacement
name for Cingulina brazieri Angas;Smith (1904) corrected
the error.

circumdata Laws, 1941, Waikura, p. 15, pl. 1, fig. 5. Tertiary
(Awamoan), New Zealand. Not circumdata Gould, 1861.

clara Thiele, 1925, Turbonilla, p. 158, pl. 16, figs. 6, 6a. Recent from
station 251. Not Asmunda clara Saurin, 1959.

clara Saurin, 1959, Asmunda, p. 266, pl. 8, fig. 7. Recent, Nhatrang,
Viet Nam. Described from a single specimen. Not Turbonilla
clara Thiele, 1925.

clavus Pilsbry, 1918, Turbonilla vitiensis... p. 317, pl. 22, fig. 3. See
aulica Dall and Bartsch, 1906.

cleo Thiele, 1925, Turbonilla, p. 162, pl. 16, figs. 20, 20a. Recent, from
station 191, near the island of Siberut (off Sumatra).

clessiniana Nomura, 1938, Turbonilla s.s., p. 56, pl. 10, figs. 80a, b.
Recent, Kamakura, Japan.

clifdenica Laws, 1937, Turbonilla, p. 416, pl. 33, fig. 20. Tertiary,
Clifden, New Zealand.

clivosa Marwick, 1931, Waikura, p. 109, fig. 211. Tertiary
(Hutchinsonian), New Zealand.

coelata Dunker, Chemnitzia; cited by Clessin, 1900, p. 162, pl. 27,
fig. 3 (Bartschella?) for Dunker 1882, Index Moll. Jap. 84.
That publication does not mention that species. In all
probability Gould's species was intended. (caelata).

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TEXAS CONCHOLOGIST Vol. XXXIV No. 2, March, 1998

coeni Preston, 1905, Turbonilla, p. 7, pl. 2, fig. 31. Recent,
Kandakulli, Ceylon.

colpodes Melvill, 1910, Turbonilla, p. 183, pl. 5, fig. 14. Recent,
Persian Gulf at Mussandam.

columna Turton, 1932, Turbonilla, p. 93, pl. 20, fig. 680. Recent,
Port Alfred, South Africa.

comacum Melvill, 1910, Pyrgulina, p. 198, pl. 6, fig. 3. Recent,
Gulf of Oman. Probably a Waikura.

comitas Laws, 1937, Turbonilla, p. 412, pl. 32, fig. 4. Tertiary
(Awamoan), New Zealand.

commoda A. Adams, 1860, Turbonilla, p. 419, no figure. Recent,
Tsu-sima, Japan.

compta A. Adams, 1861, Turbonilla, p. 298, no figure. Recent,
Hula-Shan Bay, China at 4 fms. [Not Turbonilla compta
Deshayes, 1864 from the Eocene at Verneuil, France, p. 565,
Atlas, pl. 23, figs. 26 and 27].

concinna A. Adams, 1855, Chemnitzia, p. 181, no figure. Recent,
Bohol, Philippines. [ Not Turbonilla concinna Pantanelli, 1884,
from the Pliocene of Italy].

confusa Brazier, 1877, Turbonilla, p. 258; figure in Laseron, 1959,
p. 258, fig. 166. Recent, Torres Strait, N.E. Australia to
Queensland. A synonym is Odostomia (Turbonilla) rhabdoides
Watson, 1886, p. 492, pl. 32, fig. 5. West of Cape York,
N.E. Australia.

conica Laseron, 1959, Turbonilla, p. 235, figs. 148-149. Recent,
Endeavor Reef, Australia. [Not Turbonilla conica Briart and
Cornet. 1873, p. 16, figs 12a, c, from the Paleocene of
Belgium, which possibly is a Pachysymola; nor Turbonilla
conica Széts, 1953, p. 175, pl.4, fig. 41, from the Eocene of
Hungary; nor Turbonilla (Pyrgolydium) internodula var. conica
Harmer, 1920, p. 574, pl. 49, figs. 37,38 from the tertiaries of
Great Britain.

cornicera Laseron, 1959, Exesilla, p. 216, fig. 93. Recent, Albany
Passage, North Australia.

consanguinea Smith, 1891, Odostomia (Turbonilla), p. 441, pl. 35,
fig. 17. Recent, off Sydney, Australia. There is some doubt
about this species because other material got mixed with the
sample.

constncta Smith, 1891, Odostomia (Turbonilla), p. 441, pl. 35, fig. 18.
Recent, in 410 fms. off Sydney, Australia. There is some doubt
about this species because other material got mixed in with the
sample [not Turbonilla constricta Chapman and Crispin, 1928,

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TEXAS CONCHOLOGIST Vol. XXXIV No. 2, March, 1998

nor Turbonilla incisa constncta Bush, 1899, p. 57 from the
Western Atlantic].

constricta Chapman and Crispin, 1928, Turbonilla, p. 109, pl. 7,
fig. 36. Tertiary fossil from a well bore in Victoria.

contracta Nomura, 1938, Turbonilla s.s., p. 115, pl. 22 (9), fig. 6.
Pliocene of Taiwan. [Not E/usa contracta Saurin, 1959, p. 233,
pl. 2, fig. 16. See there.

contracta Saurin, 1959, Elusa, p. 233, pl.2, fig. 16. Recent,
Nhatrang, Viet Nam. Described from a single speciman.
Possibly not turbonillid.

convexiuscula Solikov, 1967, Turbonilla (Stnoturbonilla). Non vidi.
Recent, Possiet Bay, Sea of Japan. See also Golikov and
Scarlato, 1967, p. 76.

cookiana Laws, 1937, Chemnitzia, p. 58 and 67, pl. 13, fig. 15.
Recent, Auckland, New Zealand. Cannot be considered
homonymous with Turbonilla (Strioturbonilla) cookeana
Bartsch, 1912, p. 266, pl. 35, fig. 3 from the Gulf of California.

corgani Eames, 1968, Turbonilla (Terebromilla), p. 167, no figure.
Replacement name for Turbonilla (Terebromilla) terebriformis
Eames, 1951; [Not Turbonilla corgani Okutani, 1968, which is
a replacement name for Turbonilla punicea Okutani, 1964, from
Japan. (non Dall, 1884)].

corgani Okutani, 1968, Turbonilla, p. 43. Pibbldnehien name for
Turbonilla punicea Okutani, 1964; not Turbonilla vindaria
var. punicea Dall, 1884, p. 332 from Florida.

cornea A. Adams, 1855, Chemnitzia, p. 181, no figure. From
“Eastern Seas". Never later reported, but only listed by
Tryon, 1886, p. 335 and Paetel, 1888, p. 259.

comelliana Newcomb, 1870, Proto, p. 164, fig. 6. Recent, Hawaiian
Islands, known also as T. varicosa A. Adams, 1855 or
T. decussata Pease, 1861, non A. Adams, 1861 and
Turbonilla (Lancella) bella Dall and Bartsch, 1906. See there.

coromandelica Melvill and Standen, 1898, Turbonilla, p. 32, pl. 1, fig. 5.
Recent, Madras, India.

corpulens Kisch, 1959, Turbonilla, p. 94, one figure, holotype in
collection Folin "Chemnitzidae" in Museum Nat. Hist. Paris.
Recent, Mauritius. There is a "variety": Turbonilla corpulens
var. minima Folin, 1879, Fonds de la Mer Ill, p. 242.

corngea Laseron, 1959, Turbonilla, p. 234, figs. 145-146. Recent,
Darwin, Australia.

costei de Folin, 18.., Dunkeria, p. 187, pl. 8, fig. 7. Recent, Mayotte
(fide Kisch, 1959, p. 102).

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TEXAS CONCHOLOGIST Vol. XXXIV No. 2, March, 1998

crassa Nomura, 1936, Turbonilla, p. 63, pl. 9, figs. 71a, b. Recent,
Siogama Bay, Japan. [not crassus Saurin, 1959].

crassus Saurin, 1959, Pyrgiscus, p. 267, pl. 8, figs. 15, 16. Recent,
Nhatrang, Viet Nam. Described from a single specimen.
[Not Turbonilla crassa Nomura, 1936].

crassicostata "A. Adams" Clessin, 1900, Turbonilla, p. 156, pl. 26,
fig. 6. Recent, Hong Kong. Not Turbonilla elegantissima
crassecostata Doderlein, 1862, p. 17 (not spelled
crassicostata). According to Sacco, 1892, p. 78 this possibly
is Turbonilla costellatoides var. dertocolligens Sacco, 1892.

craticulata A. Adams, 1861, Dunkena, p. 46, no figure. Listed by
several workers, but never later reported found. Possibly not
pyramidellid. [Not Turbonilla craticulata Mérch, 1860, p. 119.
Recent, Costa Rica].

crebricosta Marwick, 1931, Turbonilla (Pyrgiscus), p,. 107, pl. 11,
fig. 207. Oligocene of New Zealand.

crenulifera Tate, 1890, Turbonilla, p. 126, pl. 1, fig. 2. See Turbonilla
tasmanica Tenison Woods, 1875.

crichtoni Winckworth, 1940, Turbonilla, p. 42, fig. 3. Recent,
Madras, India.

cryptolira Laws, 1937, Stnarcana, p. 180, pl. 35, figs, 18, 23. Recent,
Lyall Bay, Wellington, New Zealand.

crystallina Dall and Bartsch, 1906, Turbonilla (Nisiturris), p. 304,
pl. 17, fig. 7; pl. 24, fig. 3. From Dunker Collection, Samoa. In
Dunker 1869, p. 78 the name Chemnitzia crystallina occurs
as nomen nudum. Dall and Bartsch made crystallina the type
of Nisiturris.

crystallinula \ssel, 1869, Turbonilla, p. 176, pl. 1, fig. 18. Recent,
Suez, Egypt.

cubitata de Folin, 18.., Turbonilla, p. 247, pl. 31, fig. 5. Recent,
Carimata (China Seas), fide Kisch, 1959, who states that the
label in the Paris Museum states: Chemnitzia cubitata.

cumingii Carpenter, 1856, Chemnitzia, p. 170. See aulica Dall and
Bartsch, 1906.

cura Nomura, 1937, Turbonilla, (Turbonilla), p. 67, pl. 14, figs. 81a,b.
Recent, Japan; described from a single specimen.

currongae Ludbrook, 1957, Turbonilla (Chemnitzia), p. 45, pl. 3,
fig. 16. Pliocene of South Australia.

cylindrica Saurin, 1959, Pyrgiscilla, p. 271, pl. 8, fig. 22. Recent,
Nhatrang, Viet Nam.

dactylus Boettger, 1896, Turbonilla, p. 54. No data available. Recent,
Luzon, Phillippines.

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TEXAS CONCHOLOGIST Vol. XXXIV No. 2, March, 1998

daibutu Nomura, 1938, Turbonilla tobisimensis var..., p. 53, pl. 6,
figs. 51a, b. See tobisimensis Nomura, 1958.

damleyensis Brazier, 1877, Turbonilla, p. 257, no figure. Recent,
Torres Strait, Australia.

darwinensis Laseron, 1959, Turbonilla, p. 232, figs. 139, 140. Recent,
Darwin, Australia.

datei Nomura, 1936, Turbonilla (Turbonilla), p. 58, pl. 8, figs. 60a, b.
Recent, Siogama Bay, Japan.

davidi Marwick, 1943, Waikura, p. 191, pl. 27, fig. 28. Tertiary
(Awamoan), New Zealand.

dawydoffi Saurin, 1959, Pyrgiscilla, p. 270, pl. 9, fig. 6. Recent,
Nhatrang, Viet Nam.

deae Nomura, 1937, Turbonilla (Pyrgiscus), p. 69, pl. 11, figs. 57a, b.
Recent Sagami Province, Japan.

debilis A. Adams, 1860, Turbonilla, p. 420, no figure. Recent,
Mino Sima, Japan, at 65 fms.

decora Smith, 1904, Turbonilla, p. 24 and 36, pl. 3, fig. 5. Recent,
Port Alfred, South Africa.

decussata A. Adams, 1860, Couthouyia, p. 410. No data available.
Recent, either Suez, China or Japan. See A. Adams, 1870
(here cited as Turbonilla) who refers to Adams, 1860, but |
can not find such a reference. See also Cooke, 1885, p. 40:
Tryon, 1886, p. 337; Kuroda, 1928, p. 50; and Yokoyama,
1931, p. 53. [Not Turbonilla decussata Bonelli, 1826 (m. s.
Mus. Zool. Turino, no. 3003) which probably is Turbonilla
crenata Brown, 1827; nor Turbonilla decussata Pease, 1861,
p. 438, which is T. comelliana Newcomb, 1870; nor Mormula
decussata Kuroda, 1928. Recent, Japan, for which see
T. hirasei Kuroda and Habe, 1952].

decussata Pease, 1861, Turbonilla, p. 438. Recent, Sandwich Island
(=Hawaiian Islands). See cornelliana Newcomb, 1870.

decussata Kuroda, 1928, Mormula. Name replaced by Turbonilla
hirasei Kuroda and Habe, 1952. Recent, Japan.

delia Melvill, 1906, Turbonilla (Pyrgostelis), p. 73, pl. 8, fig. 30.
Recent, Persian Gulf; Bushire in 6-10 fms. :

delli Powell, 1976, Turbonilla (Planpyrgiscus), p. 108. Replacement
name for Planpyrgiscus lawsi Dell, 1956, p. 156, fig. 176.
{Not Chemnitzia lawsi Powell, 1936]. A name change such as
this is only valid if both species belong in the same genus and
this is not certain.

deprofundis Barnard, 1963, Turbonilla, p. 89. Recent, South Africa,
off East London in 400-450 fms. Possibly a Nisiturris.

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TEXAS CONCHOLOGIST Vol. XXXIV No. 2, March, 1998

dextra Saurin, 1959, Turbonilla, p. 259, pl. 6, fig. 13. Recent, Nhatrang,
Viet Nam. Possibly an Exesilla.

dipsycha Watson, 1886, Odostomia (Turbonilla), p. 494, pl. 32, fig. 8.
Recent, west of Cape York, Northeast Australia in 28 fms. There
is a "variety": Odostomia (Turbonilla) dipsycha var. incerta
Watson, 1886, p. 494. Recent, Flinders Passage, Cape York
in 7 fms.

disculus Velain, 1877, Turbonilla, p. 285. Merely a nomen nudum.
See Kobelt, 1881, p. 22 (Chemnitzia) or Tryon, 1886, p. 336,
p. 75, fig. 97 (Turbonilla).

dispanilis Laws, 1940 Planpyrgiscus, p. 444, fig. 22. Miocene
(Waitotaran), New Zealand.

distincta Turton, 1932, Turbonilla, p. 99, pl. 21, fig. 723. Recent, Port
Alfred, South Africa.

doliella Laws, 1940, Evelynella, p. 155, pl. 14, fig. 12. Upper
Oligocene (Hutchinsonian), New Zealand.

dongbaensis Saurin, 1959, Turbonilla, p. 259, pl. 6, fig. 11. Recent,
Nhatrang, Viet Nam. Described from a single specimen.

dongkhanhi, Saurin, 1959, Pyrgiscilla, p. 270, pl. 8, fig. 13. Recent,
Nhatrang, Viet Nam. Described from a single specimen.

ducalis Thiele, 1925, Turbonilla, p. 158, pl. 16, figs. 4, 4a. Recent,
off East Africa (1° 49' N-45° 29 %' E) in 1134 m.

dunedinensis Laws, 1937, Chemnitzia, p. 54 and 67, pl. 13, fig. 1.
Recent, Dunedin Harbour, New Zealand.

dunkeri Clessin, 1902, Turbonilla, p. 257, pl. 47, fig. 3. Recent,
Nagasaki, Japan. For better figure see Dall and Bartsch, 1906,
p. 336, pl. 20, fig. 3. Possible synonyms are Turbonilla
(Turbonilla) orthoplicatula Nomura, 1936, p. 74, pl. 12,
figs, 101a, b; Turbonilla pseudomala Nomura, 1938, p. 29,
pl. 4, figs. 33a, b, and Turbonilla pseudocura Nomura, 1938,
pl. 4, figs. 32a, b, all Recent, Japan.

dunkeniformis Saurin, 1959, Chemnitzia, p. 261, pl. 6, fig. 25. Recent.
Possibly the same as Turbonilla (Turbonilla) s-itoi Nomura,
1936.

duplicaria Marwick, 1931, Turbonilla, p. 107, pl. 11, fig. 205. Miocene
of New Zealand. See also Turbonilla natales Laws, 1937.

dusiana Nomura, 1937, Turbonilla (Dunkena), p. 74, pl. 11, figs. 60a,b.
Recent, Sagami Bay, Japan.

ecclesia Preston, 1915, Chrysallida (Mormula) p. 295, figs. 7, 7a. Not
turbonillid. See humilis Preston, 1905.

edoensis Yokoyama, 1927, Turbonilla (Chemnitzia), p. 424, pl. 47,
fig. 24. Pleistocene of Tokyo City.

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TEXAS CONCHOLOGIST Vol. XXXIV No. 2, March, 1998

egregia A. Adams, 1864, Mormula, p. 2. Recent, Dalaguete, Cebu,
Philippines. This may be a Chrysallida.

egressa Pilsbry and Johnson, 1917, Turbonilla (Tragula), p. 178, no
figure. A figure is in Pilsbry, 1922, p. 392, pl. 36, fig. 3.
Oligocene of Santo Domingo. Tragula is not turbonillid.

elizabethae Pilsbry, 1918, p. 314, text figures 9 and 9a. Recent, Oahu.
See /acteola Preston, 1904.

elongata Pease, 1867, Turbonilla, p. 293, pl. 24, fig. 22. See aulica
Dall and Bartsch, 1906. [Not Turbonilla (Strioturbonilla)
miocrassulata elongata Peyrot, 1938, from the Miocene of

France].

elsa Thiele, 1925, Turbonilla, p. 325, pl. 15, fig. 31. Recent, Padang,
Sumatra.

elvira Thiele, 1925, Turbonilla, p. 161, pl. 16, fig. 16. Recent,
Station 193.

emiliae Melvill, 1896, Turbonilla, (Pyrgostelis), p. 115, pl. 8, fig. 25.
Recent, Bombay, India. |

eminuta de Folin, 1879, Stylopsis, Fonds de la Mer Ill, p. 254, pl. 8,
fig. 8. Recent, Singapore. Possible synonyms are
Pyrgiscilla inaequistnata Saurin, 1959, p. 272, pl. 9, fig. 5.
Recent, Nhatrang, Viet Nam. Described from a single
specimen; and Turbonilla zetemia Meivill, 1910, p. 192, pl. 5,
fig. 13. Recent, Gulf of Oman. |

emma Thiele, 1925, Turbonilla (Pyrgisculus?), p. 164, pl. 17, fig. 4.
Recent, from station 211.

enamelicolor Nomura, 1936, Turbonilla (Turbonilla), p. 70, pl. 11,
figs. 94a, b. Recent, Siogama Bay, Japan.

enelata Melvill, 1910, Elusa, p. 179, pl. 4, fig.7. Recent, Bombay,
India.

epibathra Melvill, 1906, Mumiola, p. 72, pl. 7. fig. 5. Recent, Persian
Gulf and Gulf of Oman.

eques Laws, 1937, Turbonilla, p. 415, pl. 33, fig. 24. Recent,
New Zealand in 60 fms.

erecta Turton, 1932, Turbonilla, p. 95, pl. 21, fig. 691. Recent,
Port Alfred, South Africa.

erica Thiele, 1925, Turbonilla (Pyrgisculus), p. 161, pl. 16, fig. 14.
Recent, Zanzibar Channel, East Africa.

ema Thiele, 1925 Turbonilla (Pyrgisculus), p. 161, pl. 16, fig. 3.
Recent, from station 199. [Not Turbonilla (Ptycheulimella)
ema Bartsch, 1915, which is not turbonillid].

ema Bartsch, 1915, Turbonilla (Ptycheulimella), p. 75, pl. 16, fig. 2.
Recent, Port Alfred, South Africa. [Not turbonillid]. Chemnitzia
eruita Laws, 1950, possibly is the same.

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TEXAS CONCHOLOGIST Vol. XXXIV No. 2, March, 1998

errabunda Laws, 1937, Chemnitzia, p. 53, pl. 13, fig. 5. Recent,
Takapuna, New Zealand.

erratica Laws, 1937, Turbonilla, p. 421, pl. 33, fig. 21. Tertiary
(Awamoan), Pukeuri, New Zealand.

erubescens Tate. 1879, Turbonilla, p. 138, pl. 5, fig. 10. See
Chemnitzia fusca A. Adams, 1855.

eruita Laws, 1950, Chemnitzia, p. 24, pl. 5, fig. 4. Lower Pliocene of
Otahuhu, New Zealand. Possibly Turbonilla (Pytcheulimella)
erna Bartsch, 1915 is the same.

eucosmia Bartsch, 1915, Rissoina, p. 131, pl. 20, fig. 2. Listed here
because it may be turbonillid (Babella?). Not Turbonilla
(Pyrgisculus) eucosmia Dall and Bartsch, 1909, p. 128, pl. 12,
figs.13, 13a, off La Paz, Mexico, (Lower California)

eucteana Melvill, 1910, Turbonilla, p. 183, pl. 4, fig. 11. Recent,
Bombay, India.

eugeniae Saurin, 1959, Chemnitzia, p. 262, pl. 6, fig. 19. Recent,
Nhatrang, Viet Nam.

eulimelloides Nomura, 1936, Turbonilla (Pytcheulimella), p. 76, pl. 5,
figs. 41a, b. Recent, Siogama Bay, Japan. Not turbonillid.

eulimoides de Folin, 18.., Turbonilla. Fonds de la Mer, I, p. 250, pl. 31,
fig. 7. Recent, Noumea, New Caledonia. See Kisch, 1959,

p. 103.
eumenes Melvill, 1910, Turbonilla, p. 184, pl. 4, fig. 12. Recent,
Bombay, India.

eupellucida Nomura, 1937, Turbonilla (Turbonilla), p. 27, pl. 7,
figs. 28a, b. Recent, Siogama Bay, Japan.

evelynae Laws, 1937, Pyrgolampros, p. 167, pl. 35, fig. 16. Tertiary
of Clifden, New Zealand.

excavata Saurin, 1961, Elodiamea, p. 240, pl. 2, fig. 14. Recent,
Gulf of Thailand. Possibly a Waikura.

excellens Sowerby, 1907, Mormula. See aulica Dall and Bartsch,
1906.

exilispira Mellvill, 1918, Turbonilla, p. 143, pl. 4, fig. 12. Recent,
Karachi, Pakistan.

exilissima Nomura, 1938, Turbonilla s.s., p. 87, pl. 15, figs. 133a, b.
Recent, Numa, Japan.

eximia A. Adams, 1860, Turbonilla, p. 418, no figure. Recent, Chosan
Harbour, Korea. [Not Turbonilla eximia Brazier, 1877;
see there].

eximia Brazier, 1877, Turbonilla, p. 258. Name replaced by Turbonilla
cheverti Hedley, 1901.

extenuata Marwick, 1931, Turbonilla (Pyrgiscus), p. 107, pl. 11,
fig. 206. Oligocene, Gisborne district, New Zealand. Type of

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TEXAS CONCHOLOGIST Vol. XXXIV No. 2, March, 1998

the subgenus Planpyrgiscus Laws, 1937.

fasciata Tenison Woods, 1875, Dunkena, p. 14. Recent, Tasmania.
Tenison Woods later suggested (1876, p. 152), that it is an
Alvania.

felicita Laseron, 1959, Turbonilla, p. 235, fig. 153. Recent, off Darwin,
North Australia.

feraudi Saurin, 1959, Pyrgiscilla, p. 271, pl. 9, fig. 1. Recent,
Nhatrang, Viet Nam. Described from a single specimen.

ferruginea A. Adams, 1860, Dunkena, p. 421, no figure. Recent, Sado,
Japan, at 30 fms. Not pyramidellid, but Clathrofenella.

festiva Marwick, 1943, Pyrgiscilla, p. 191, pl. 26, figs. 17 and 19.
Tertiary (Awamoan), N.E. Otago, New Zealand. [Not
Turbonilla festiva Angas, 1877, p. 35, pl. 5, fig. 4, which is
Chemnitzia fusca A. Adams, 1855, p. 181, from Australia.

festiva Angas, 1877, Turbonilla, p. 35, pl. 5, fig. 4. See Chemnitzia
fusca A. Adams, 1855.

filiola Yokoyama, 1927, Turbonilla (Careliopsis), p. 453, pl. 51, fig. 16.
Pleistocene, Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan. Not turbonillid.

finlayi Laws, 1937, Finlayola, p. 311, pl. 44, fig. 12. Tertiary, Oamaru,
New Zealand. Type of Finlayola.

finlayi Laws, 1937, Gispyrella, p. 181, pl. 34, fig. 9. Tertiary, Oamaru,
New Zealand. Type of Gispyrella.

finlayi Powell, 1926, Turbonilla, p. 594, pl. 104. Recent, Awanui Bay,
New Zealand.

finlayi Laws, 1941, Waikura, p. 16, fig. 14. No further data. New
Zealand. Note: all four species named finlayi were described
in different genera, based merely on shell characters.

fintschi Clessin, 1900, Turbonilla, p. 163, pl. 29, fig. 2. Recent, Ralik
Islands (in Marshall Islands, Pacific).

fischen Smith, 1891, Odostomia (Turbonilla), p. 441, pl. 35, fig. 16.
Recent, off Sydney, Australia in 410 fms.

flexicosta Laseron, 1951, Pyrgiscus, p. 323, fig. 92. Recent, New
South Wales, Australia.

forsteriana Laws, 1937, Chemnitzia, p. 56, pl. 13, fig. 16. Recent,
off Otago Heads, New Zealand, in 72 fms.

foveolata Preston, 1908, Turbonilla, p. 200, pl. 17, fig. 66. Recent,
Andaman Islands.

fragilis A. Adams, 1860, Turbonilla, p. 419, no figure. Recent,
Tsu-Sima, Japan, at 16 fms. [Not Turbonilla fragilis Deshayes,
1862, p. 569; atlas pl. 20, figs. 11, 20, which probably is a
Belonidium from the Eocene of the Paris Basin; not Turbonilla
(Ondina) fragilis Dall, 1892, p. 253, pl. 20, fig. 5. Pliocene of
South Carolina, renamed subfragilis by Cossmann, 1921.

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TEXAS CONCHOLOGIST Vol. XXXIV No. 2, March, 1998

fraterna Melvill, 1910, Turbonilla, p. 184, pl. 4, fig. 3. Recent, Gulf of
Oman at 156 fms.

fulgurata Nomura, 1938, Turbonilla s.s., p. 117. Pliocene of Taiwan.

fulvizonata Nomura, 1938, Pyrgiscus, p. 54, pl. 8, figs. 67a, b. Recent,
Kamakura, Japan. Possibly the same as chrysozona von
Martens, 1880, or patruelis Melvill, 1918.

funiculata Saurin, 1961, Babella, p. 249, pl. 3, fig. 10. Recent, Kep,
Gulf of Thailand. [Not Turbonilla funiculata de Folin, 18.., Fonds
de la Mer, vol. 1, p. 68, pl. 9, fig.1. Recent, Batavia, Hong
Kong and Carimata. (labeled in Paris Museum: Dunkeria; fide
Kisch, 1959, p. 103].

funiculata de Folin, 18.. See previous entry.

fusca A. Adams, 1855, Chemnitzia, p. 181. Recent, Port Lincoln,
Australia. Ranges from Japan, over Philippines to Tasmania.
There are several synonyms: Turbonilla admiranda Tate and
May, 1900, p. 98; this is a new name for Elusa bifasciata
Tenison Woods, 1876. Recent, Tasmania; other synonyms are:
Turbonilla erubescens Tate, 1879, p. 138, pl. 5, fig. 10.
Recent, West Australia; and Turbonilla festiva, Angas, 1877,
p. 35, fig. 4. Recent, Port Jackson, Australia.

fusca A. Adams, 1860, Dunkernia, p. 119, no figure. Recent,
Tabu-Sima, Sea of Japan at 25 fms. Probably a
Clathrofenella (Kuroda and Habe, 1952, p. 56).

fusoensis Yokoyama, 1926, Turbonilla (Chemnitzia), p. 280, pl. 34,
fig. 6. Pliocene of Sado Island, Japan.

gabneli Hedley, 1909, Turbonilla, p. 449, pl. 42, fig. 74. See
angustissima Mellvill, 1904.

galactodes Melvill, 1910, Turbonilla, p. 185, pl. 4, fig. 14. Recent,
Gulf of Oman at 156 fms.

garrettiana Dall and Bartsch, 1906, Chemnitzia, p. 30, pl. 21, fig. 5.
Recent, Fiji lslands. Replacement name for Odostomia sulcata
Garrett, 1873, p. 224, pl. 3, fig. 46. Not a turbonillid, but a
Costasymola. A"variety" alba, Turbonilla garrettiana var. alba
was described by Grabau and King, 1928, from China.

gemmula Smith, 1904, Turbonilla, p. 24 and 36, fig. 4. Recent,
Port Alfred, South Africa.

gemmulata Saurin, 1959, Chemnitzia, p. 264, pl. 6, fig. 16. Recent,
Nhatrang, Viet Nam. Described from a single specimen.

geraudei Saurin, 1959, Chemnitzia, p. 262, pl. 7, fig.1. Recent,
Nhatrang, Viet Nam.

gerda Thiele, 1925, Turbonilla, p. 323, figs. 24, 24a. Recent,
Padang, Sumatra.

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TEXAS CONCHOLOGIST Vol. XXXIV No. 2, March, 1998

gisela Thiele, 1925, Turbonilla, p. 160, pl. 16, fig. 12. Recent, from off
Nias, Sumatra.

gracilenta Nomura, 1936, Turbonilla (Pyrgiscus), p. 82, pl. 11,
figs. 84a, b. Recent, Siogama Bay, Japan.

gradatula Mellvill and Standen, 1897, Elusa, p. 380 and 412, pl. 11,
fig. 84. Recent, Loyalty Islands, Pacific.

grandis Adams and Reeve, 1850 (1848), Chemnitzia, p. 52, pl. 11,
fig. 7. Recent, "Eastern Seas". [Not Turbonilla grandis Verrill,
1885, p. 427. Recent, off Virginia in 1582 fms.].

granti Laws, 1937, Chemnitzia, p. 69, pl. 14, fig. 36. Tertiary
(Hutchinsonian), New Zealand.

gravicosta Laseron, 1951, Pyrgiscus, p. 324, fig. 50. Recent, New
South Wales, Australia.

gravis Laseron, 1951, Chemnitzia, p. 320, fig. 54. Recent, Patonga
Beach, New South Wales.

hadakazimana Nomura, 1938, Turbonilla s.s., p. 26, pl. 1, figs. 3a, b.
Recent, Asamusi, Japan.

hadwigis Thiele, 1925, Turbonilla (Elusa), p. 321, pl. 17, figs. 16, 16a.
Recent, off Sumatra.

halaibensis Sturany, 1903, Elusa, p. 51, pl. 6, figs. 11a, b. Recent,
Red Sea, Egypt.

hamiltoni Laws, 1937, Chemnitzia raptor, var..., p. 55, no figure.
See raptor Laws, 1937.

hampdenensis Allan, 1927, Turbonilla, p. 291, foot note. Assigned
by Laws, 1937, p. 173, to Pyrgiscilla. Replacement name for
Turbonilla antigua Marshall, 1919, non Sacco, 1892.

hanagaiana Nomura, 1938, Turbonilla s.s., p. 28, pl. 4, figs. 31a, b.
Recent, Hanagai, Japan.

hanzawai Nomura, 1935, Turbonilla (Pyrgisculus), p. 223, pl. 10,
figs. 32-33. Pliocene of Taiwan.

haroldi Laws, 1937, Turbonilla, p. 420, pl. 33, fig. 14. Recent, off
Oamaru, New Zealand. [Not Turbonilla haroldi Smith, 1890.
Recent from St. Helena, p. 275, pl. 23, fig. 18].

hasimotoi Nomura, 1937, Turbonilla (Turbonilla), p. 63, pl. 10,
figs. 54a, b. Recent, Dusi, Japan. A probable synonym is
Turbonilla (Turbonilla) mollita Nomura, 1937, p. 66, pl. 14,
figs. 77a, b. Recent, Dusi, Japan.

hastula Saurin, 1961, Babella, p. 249, pl. 3, fig. 9. Recent, Gulf
of Thailand.

hataiana Nomura, 1937, Turbonilla (Pyrgiscus), No. 13, pl. 12,
figs. 66a, b. Recent, Dusi, Japan.

haugrandis Marwick, 1931, Turbonilla (Chemnitzia), p. 108, pl. 11,
fig. 208. Oligocene of New Zealand. (Awamoan?).

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TEXAS CONCHOLOGIST Vol. XXXIV No. 2, March, 1998

hawera Laws, 1941, Waikura, p. 16 and 71, pl. 1, fig. 13. Tertiary
(Waitotaran), New Zealand.

hayasakai Nomura, 1938, Turbonilla s.s., p. 116, pl. 22, fig. 4.
Pliocene of Taiwan.

hedleyi Laseron, 1951, Pyrgiscus, p. 322, fig. 61. Recent,
New South Wales, Australia.

helena Bartsch, 1915, Turbonilla (Pyrgiscus), p. 77, pl. 14, fig. 1.
Recent, Port Alfred, South Africa. [Not Turbonilla helena
Semper, 1861 (non vidi), p. 364, but see Koch and Wiechmann,
1872, p. 102. Tertiary of Europe (Oligocene); nor Turbonilla
helena Thiele, 1925. See below.

helena Thiele, 1925, Turbonilla, p. 322, pl. 17, 19, 19a. Recent, off
Padang, Sumatra.

hella Thiele, 1925, Turbonilla, p. 324, pl. 18, fig. 2. Recent, off
Padang, Sumatra.

hemiorcyta Laws, 1937, Gispyrella, p. 182, pl. 34, fig. 7. Tertiary
(Awamoan), New Zealand.

hemiplicata Nomura, 1936, Turbonilla (Ptycheulimella), p. 78, pl. 10,
figs. 73a, b. Recent, Japan. Not turbonillid.

hermia, Melvill, 1906, Turbonilla, p. 74, pl. 7, fig. 1. Recent,
Gulf of Oman.

hertha Thiele, 1925, Turbonilla, p. 169, pl. 16, fig. 10. Recent,
station 191.

hilda Thiele, 1925, Turbonilla (Pyrgisculus), p. 324, pl. 18, fig. 1.
Recent, off Padang, Sumatra.

hiradoensis Pilsbry, 1915, Turbonilla, p. 31, pl. 5, fig. 45. Recent,
Japan. There is a color variety: Turbonilla hiradoensis
badia Pilsbry, p. 31.

hiradokoensis Otuka, 1935, Turbonilla, p. 865, pl. 54, figs. 90a, b.
Pleistocene, Noto-Peninsula, Japan.

hirasei Kuroda and Habe, 1952, Turbonilla, p. 94. New name for
Mormula decussata Kuroda, 1928, non Adams, 1860.

hofmani Angas, 1877, Turbonilla, p. 183. New name for Turbonilla
nitida Angas, 1867. See Turbonilla manae Tenison Woods,
1876 (1875), p. 144.

homaeotata Watson, 1886, Odostomia (Turbonilla), p. 490, pl. 32,
fig. 3. Recent, Flinders Passage, Cape York, Australia. See
also Laseron, 1959, p. 240, figs. 174-176 (Pyrgiscilla).

hortensia Thiele, 1925, Turbonilla, p. 325, pl. 15, fig. 32. Recent, off
Padang, Sumatra. [Not E/odia hortensiae Nansouty, 1872,
which is an Odostomella from Europe (doliolum Philippi, 1844)].

hozyoensis Nomura, 1938, Turbonilla (Pyrgiscus), p. 83, pl. 4, figs.
120a, b. See Chrysallida mumia A. Adams, 1861.

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TEXAS CONCHOLOGIST Vol. XXXIV No. 2, March, 1998

hulda, Thiele, 1925, Turbonilla (Nisiturris), p. 163, pl. 17, fig. 2.
Recent, Station 193.

humilis Preston, 1905, Pyramidella (Mormula), p. 6, pl. 2, fig. 27.
Recent, Ceylon (Sri Lanka). [Not turbonillid, but is
Taphrostomia Cossmann, 1921. A more recent but superflu-
ous name is Morrisonietta Brandt, 1968, introduced for a num-
ber of species from Thailand]. The variable humilis has
received several names: Chrysallida (Mormula) humilis var.
chilkaensis Preston, 1915, p. 295, figs. 6, 6a. Recent, Chilka
Lake, India; Chrysallida (Mormula) ecclesia Preston, 1915, p.
295, figs. 7, 7a. Recent, Chilka Lake, India; Chrysallida
(Mormula) nadiensis Preston, 1915, p. 296, figs. 8, 8a.
Recent, Chilka Lake, India. See also Annandale, 1924, p. 856
and 867, fig. 10, (Pyrgulina) and Annandale and Kemp, 1928,
p. 347, (Pyrgulina). The type of Taphrostomia is Odostomia
sandbergeri Cossmann, 1921, a replacement name for
Odostomia scalaris Sandberger, 1860 [non McGillavry, 1843,
nor Mérch, 1875]. That of morrisonietta is M. krungtepensis
Brandt, 1968, which lives in brackish to fresh water in Thailand.
Together with it Brandt described several very closely related
forms parallel to the related forms of humilis. Thus both popula-
tions produce closely related but quite variable forms. Also the
outward appearance of the living animal is quite similar. (See
Annandale, 1924, p. 867). The reader should compare the
following figures: Kuster Wendenburg, 1973, p. 633, pl. 4,
fig. 52, 51 (1), for Taphrostomia sandbergeri Cossmann 1921;
Brandt, 1969, p. 280, pl. 10, fig. 67 for Morrisonietta
siamensis Brandt, 1969, and Preston, 1915, p. 295, figs 7,
7a, for Chrysallida (Mormula) ecclesia Preston, 1915.

humilis Yokoyama, 1924, Turbonilla, p. 30, pl. 2, fig. 3.
Holocene coral bed, Numa, Japan. A possible synonym is
Turbonilla pseudohumilis Nomura, 1938, p. 87. pl. 15,
figs. 131a, b. Fossil, Numa, Japan.

icela Melvill, 1910, Turbonilla, p. 185, pl. 11, fig. 15. Recent, Gulf of
Oman at 156 fms.

ida Thiele, 1925, Turbonilla (Mormula) p. 321, pl. 17, figs. 18, 18a.
Recent, off Padang, Sumatra.

imbana Yokoyama, 1922, Turbonilla (Chemnitzia), p. 101, pl. 4, fig. 5.
Pleistocene of Shisui, Japan. Probable synonyms are Turbonilla
(Turbonilla) mira Nomura, 1937, p. 66, pl. 14, figs. 78a, b.
recent, Dusi Japan, and Turbonilla tosana Nomura, 1937, p.
84, pl. 6, figs. 17a, b, from the Pliocene of Tonohama, Japan.

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TEXAS CONCHOLOGIST Vol. XXXIV No. 2, March, 1998

imperforata Laseron, 1959, Tropaeas, p. 194, figs. 27-30. Not
turbonillid. See Pyramidella subulata A. Adams, 1855 (1853).

inaequalis Melvill, 1904, Turbonilla, p. 162, pl. 10, fig. 10. Recent,
Gulf of Oman at 156 fms.

inaequistnata Saurin, 1959, Pyrgiscilla, p. 272, pl. 9, fig. 5. See
Stylopsis eminuta de Folin, 1879.

incerta Watson, 1886, Odostomia (Turbonilla) dipsycha..., p. 144.
See dipsycha Watson, 1886.

indenta Laseron, 1959, Pyrgscilla, p. 171, fig. 171. Recent, Palm
Islands, Australia, at 15 fms.

infans Laseron, 1951, Pyrgiscus, p.322, fig. 60. Recent, Gunnamatta
Bay, Port Hacking, Australia.

infantilis Saurin, 1958, Pyrgiscus (Pyrgiscus), p. 81, pl. 4, figs. 13, 14.
Recent, Pho-Hai, South Viet Nam. Described from a single
specimen.

infantula Dall and Bartsch, 1906, Turbonilla (Chemnitzia), p. 338, pl.
20, fig. 3. Recent, Japan. Described from the type in Berlin
Museum. A probable synonym is Turbonilla (Strioturbonilla)
nihona Otuka, 1935, p. 863, Pleistocene of Hiradoko, Japan.

infelix Thiele, 1925, Turbonilla (Pyrgiscus), p. 161, pl. 16, fig. 15.
Recent, from Nias channel (Sumatra) in132 m. [Not infelix
Nomura, 1936. See next entry].

Infelix Nomura, 1936, Turbonilla (Turbonilla), p. 68, pl. 11, figs, 92a,b.
Recent, Siogama Bay, Japan. [Not Thiele, 1925].

informis Laws, 1937, Chemnitzia, p. 67, pl. 14, fig. 10. Recent,
Takapuna Beach, Auckland, New Zealand. (See also Boreham,
1959, p. 69).

inscitula Yokayama, 1927, Turbonilla (Ptycheulimella), p. 176, pl. 47,
figs. 15-16. Pliocene of Japan. Not turbonillid.

integra Saurin, 1959, Chemnitzia, p. 260, pl. 7, fig. 14. Recent,
Nhatrang, Viet Nam. Possibly the same as Turbonilla kidoensis
Yokoyama, 1922.

intersecta Turton, 1932, Turbonilla, p. 100, pl. 22, fig. 731. See
Turbonilla prolongata Turton, 1932.

intexta Marwick, 1931, Turbonilla (Pyrgiscus), p. 107, pl. 11, fig. 204.
Oligocene (Clifdenian), New Zealand.

intuslirata de Folin, 1879, Turbonilla, Fonds de la Mer, Ill, p. 24, pl. 7
bis, fig. 1. Recent, Andaman Islands. Two syntypes in Paris
Museum, fide Kisch, 1959, p. 103.

iota Gould, 1861, Chemnitzia, p. 106. Recent, Port Jackson,
New South Wales, Australia.

iredalei Laseron, 1959, Mormulasta, p. 242, figs. 180-182. Recent,
Michaelmas Cay, North Australia. Type of Mormulasta.

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TEXAS CONCHOLOGIST Vol. XXXIV No. 2, March, 1998

iredalei Laseron, 1959, Tathrella, p. 218, fig. 101. Recent, Port Curtis,
North Australia.

irena Thiele, 1925, Turbonilla (Chemnitzia), p. 163, pl. 16,
figs. 23, 23a. Recent at station 193.

irma Thiele, 1925, Turbonilla, p. 324, pl. 18, fig. 3. Recent, off
Padang, Sumatra.

isabella Thiele, 1925, Turbonilla, p. 161, pl. 16, figs. 17, 17a.
Recent, at station 193.

ishidae Masuda, 1967, Turbonilla, p. 11, pl. 2, figs. 34a, b and 35.
Miocene of Noto Peninsula, Japan.

isolda Thiele, 1925, Turbonilla (Elusa), p. 321, pl. 17, fig. 15. Recent,
off Padang, Sumatra.

isseli Tryon, 1886, Turbonilla (Cingulina), p. 339, pl. 76, fig. 64. New
name for Eulimella cingulata \ssel, 1869, Egypt, not Dunker,
1860. Not turbonillid.

itiharana Nomura, 1938, Turbonilla, s.s., p. 86, pl. 14, figs. 122a, b.
Fossil from Semata-Noseki, Japan. See also Saurin, 1961,
D. 257, pi. 0, Miss;

itikawana Nomura, 1938, Turbonilla s.s., p. 85, pl. 13, figs 112a, b.
Pleistocene of Itikawa, Japan.

jactura Laws. 1937, Chemnitzia, p. 57, pl. 13, fig. 7. Recent, off
Oamaru, New Zealand in 50 fms.

josephi Saurin, 1959, Chemnitzia, p. 263, pl. 8, fig. 4. Recent,
Nhatrang, Viet Nam. Described from a single specimen.

josettae Saurin, 1959, Pyrgolidium, p. 267, pl. 8, fig. 4. Recent,
Nhatrang, Viet Nam. Described from a single specimen.

julia Melvill, 1910, Turbonilla, p. 186, pl. 5, fig.1. Recent, south of
Astola Island, Pakistan, in 90 fms.

junghuni Martin, 1906, Turbonilla, p. 322, pl. 45, fig. 745. Miocene of
Java, Indonesia.

kaawa Laws, 1937, Chemnitzia, p. 63, no figure. Miocene (Waitotaran),
New Zealand. To be noted is that Laws named three different
turbonillids "kaawa", all believed to be generically different.

kaawa Laws, 1940, Evelynella, p. 155, pl. 14, fig. 12. Miocene
(Waitotaran), New Zealand.

kaawa Laws, 1940, Striodostomia, p. 157, pl. 14, fig. 4. Miocene
(Waitotaran), New Zealand.

kagamigaurana Nomura, 1938, Turbonilla (Pyrgiscus), p. 83, pl. 11,
figs. 87a, b. Recent, Numa, Japan.

kahoolawensis Pilsbry, 1918, Turbonilla (Chemnitzia), p. 314,
no figure. See Chemnitzia lirata A. Adams, 1855.

kamakurensis Nomura, 1938, Turbonilla, p. 55, pl. 9, figs. 70a, b.
Recent, Kamakura, Japan.

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TEXAS CONCHOLOGIST Vol. XXXIV No. 2, March, 1998

kanagawana Nomura, 1937, Turbonilla (Turbonilla), p. 63, pl. 13,
figs. 69a, b. Recent, Dusi, Japan.

kauiensis Pilsbry, 1918, Turbonilla (Turbonilla), p. 314, text fig. 7. See
Chemnitzia lirata A. Adams, 1855.

kawanoensis Nomura, 1937, Turbonilla (Dunkena), p. 142, pl. 9,
fig. 15. Pleistocene, Huruga, Japan.

keiskeana Yokoyama, 1927, Turbonilla (Chemnitzia), p. 423, pl. 47,
fig. 19. Pleistocene of Tokyo City. A possible synonym is
Turbonilla otukai Nomura, 1938, p. 57, pl. 10, figs. 81a, b.
Recent, Kamakura, Japan.

kempi Ray, 1968, Turbonilla, p. 19. Recent, off Puri, Orissa Coast,
Bay of Bengal.

kereruensis Laws, 1937, Chemnitzia, p. 52, no figure. Tertiary
(Nukumaruan), New Zealand.

kermadecensis Salisbury, 1936, Turbonilla, p. 124, pl. 13A, figs. 1,2.
Recent, Kermadec Islands.

kesennumana Nomura, 1938, Turbonilla s.s., p. 30, pl. 4, figs. 35a,b.
Recent, Kesennuma. Japan.

kidoensis Yokoyama, 1922, Turbonilla (Chemnitzia), p. 103, pl. 4,
fig. 39. Pleistocene of Tega, Japan. Possibly the same as
Chemnitzia integra, Saurin, 1959.

kingi Laws, 1937, Chemnitzia, p. 54, pl. 13, fig. 10. See Chemnitzia
pliocenica Laws, 1937.

kitcheni Laseron, 1951, Pyrgiscilla, p. 324. Recent, Port Jackson,
Australia.

komitica Laws, 1937, Turbonilla, p. 412, no figure. Miocene
(Hutchinsonian), New Zealand.

koruahina Laws, 1937, Turbonilla, p. 418, no figure. Tertiary
(Waitotaran), New Zealand. Figure in Laws, 1950, p. 24,
pl. 3, fig. 4.

kotorai Nomura, 1936, Turbonilla (Pyrgiscus), p. 83, pl. 11,
figs. 90a, b. Recent, Siogama Bay, Japan.

kraussi Clessin, 1900, Turbonilla (Chemnitzia), p. 135, pl. 16, fig. 6.
See Chemnitzia candida A. Adams, 1855.

kugyoi Nomura, 1938, Turbonilla s.s., p. 56, pl. 10, figs. 77a, b.
Recent, Kamakura, Japan.

kurodai Nomura, 1936, Turbonilla (Pyrgiscus), p. 80, pl. 7, figs. 53a, b.
Recent, Siogama Bay, Japan.

kurumana Yokoyama, 1927, Turbonilla (Pytcheulimella), p. 424,
pl. 47, fig. 16. Pleistocene, Tokyo City. Not turbonillid.

kurunensis Nomura, 1939, Turbonilla s.s., p. 135, pl. 9, fig. 13.
Recent, Yosino, Japan.

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TEXAS CONCHOLOGIST Vol. XXXIV No. 2, March, 1998

lactea Krauss, 1848, Chemnitzia p. , pl. 5, fig. 23. See Chemnitzia
candida A. Adams, 1855. [Not Turbo lacteus Linne, 1758,
p. 765, no figure; a European species with innumerable
synonyms].

lacteola Preston, 1904, Styloptygma, p. 77, pl. 6, figs. 9 and 10.
Recent Ceylon (Sri Lanka). Not turbonillid but syrnolid.
Synonyms are: Turbonilla (Evaletta) elizabethae Pilsbry, 1918,
p. 314, text figures 9 and 9a, Oahu. (See also Kay, 1979,
p. 414) and Turbonilla (Evaletta) laysanensis Pilsbry, 1918,
p. 315, text fig. 10, Hawaii. (See also Kay, 1979, p. 414).

laevigata Laws, 1937, Mormula, p. 178, pl. 35, figs, 20 and 25.
Tertiary, Weka Pass, New Zealand.

laevocostata Sowerby, 1892, Turbonilla. (non vidi). Recent, South
Africa. See E. A. Smith, 1904; Bartsch, 1915, p. 76 and
Turton, 1932, p. 94, who misspelled the name /aevicostata.

laminedentata de, Folin, 18.., Turbonilla, p. 253, pl. 8, fig. 7. Recent,
Singapore. See Kisch, 1959, p. 103.

lamyi Hedley, 1916, Chemnitzia, p. 62, pl. 9, fig. 10. Recent, Lusitania
Bay, Macquarie Island (Antarctica). Possibly a Striarcana.

lanassae Hornung and Mermod, 1924, Syrnola (Elusa), p. 293, text
figure 8. Recent, Massaua, Red Sea. Here listed because
sometimes Elusa is used for turbonillids.

langae Saurin, 1959, Chemnitzia, p. 261, pl. 6, fig. 22, pl. 8, fig. 1.
Recent, Nhatrang, Viet Nam. Described from a single
specimen.

latacosta Laseron, 1959, Exesilla, p. 217, figs. 96-99. Recent, Palm
Islands, Australia.

latelirata de Folin, 1879, Dunkeria, Fonds de la Mer Ill, p. 238, pl. 6,
fig. 4. Recent, Andaman Islands. See also Kisch, 1959,
p. 102.

laticingula Dall and Bartsch, 1906. Turbonilla (Cingulina) cingulata
var..., p. 344, pl. 21, fig. 3. See cingulata Dunker, 1860.
Not turbonillid.

laticonica Nomura, 1936, Turbonilla (Turbonilla), p. 72, pl. 12,
figs. 99a, b. Recent Siogama Bay, Japan.

latonae Hornung and Mermod, 1924, Syrnola (Elusa?), p. 292, text
fig. 7. Recent, off Massaua, Red Sea, at 30 fms. Possibly
turbonillid.

laura Thiele, 1925, Turbonilla, p. 163, pl. 17, fig. 1. Recent,
Station 193.

lawsi Powell, 1936, Chemnitzia, p. 210, pl. 54, fig. 8. Recent, off Three
Kings Island, New Zealand in 92 m. [Not Planpyrgiscus lawsi

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TEXAS CONCHOLOGIST Vol. XXXIV No. 2, March, 1998

Dell, 1956 which was renamed Turbonilla (Planpyrgiscus)
delli Powell, 1976; see there].

lawsi Dell, 1956, (Planpyrgiscus), p. 156, fig. 176. See delli
Powell, 1976.

laysanensis Pilsbry, 1918, Turbonilla (Evaletta); see Styloptygma
lacteola Preston, 1904.

lerichei Saurin, 1959, Chemnitzia, p. 261, pl. 4, fig. 14. Recent,
Nhatrang, Viet Nam.

lillingtoniana Laws, 1937, Chemnitzia, p. 65, pl. 14, fig. 29. Recent,
off Cape Saunders, New Zealand.

linearis Laseron, 1959, Pyrgiscilla, p. 241, fig. 179. Recent,
Darwin, North Australia. Described from a single incomplete
specimen. Possibly the same as Pyrgiscilla otoconsors,
Laws, 1937.

linjaica Melvill and Standen, 1901, Turbonilla, p. 393, pl. 22, fig. 23.
Recent, Persian Gulf at 3.5 fms.

liraecostata Tenison Woods, 1877, Turbonilla, p. 101, no figure. Fossil
from Tasmania (Table Cape).

lirata A. Adams, 1855, Chemnitzia, p. 181, no figure. Recent, Ceylon
(Sri Lanka). Synonyms are (see also Kay, 1979, p. 414,
fig 133F, but who erroneously states: described from Japan,
instead of Ceylon). Turbonilla (Chemnitzia) kahoolawensis,
Pilsbry, 1918, p. 314, no figure. Recent, Hawaii; Turbonilla
(Turbonilla) kauiensis Pilsbry, 1918, p. 314, text fig. 7. Recent,
Kauai; and Turbonilla (Chemnitzia) oblectamentum
Pilsbry, 1918, p. 313, text fig. 8. Recent Oahu.

liratula Turton, 1932, Turbonilla, p. 96, pl. 21, fig. 698. Recent,
Port Alfred, South Africa.

livida Sowerby, 1901, Elusa, p. 210, pl. 22, fig.8. Recent,
Philippines. Not turbonillid. A possible synonym is Herviera
isidella Melvill and Standen, 1899, p. 186. Recent, from the
Loyalty Islands..

locuples Laws, 1937, Mormula, p. 176, pl. 35, fig. 19. Tertiary
(Awamoan), New Zealand.

lucina Nomura, 1938, Turbonilla s.s., p. 26, pl.2, figs. 19a, b. Recent,
Siogama Bay, Japan.

ludovica Nomural, 1938, Turbonilla, p. 325, pl. 18, fig. 5. Recent, off
Padang, Sumatra. Perhaps an Asmunda.

lydia Thiele, 1925, Turbonilla (Nisiturris), p. 322, pl. 17, figs. 22, 22a.
Recent, off Sumatra.

mabutii Nomura, 1938, Turbonilla (Pyrgiscus, p. 22, pl. 2, figs. 12a, b.
Recent, Japan.

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TEXAS CONCHOLOGIST Vol. XXXIV No. 2, March, 1998

macandreae A. Adams, 1870, Mormula, p. 127, no figure. Recent,
Gulf of Suez. See also Cooke, 1885, p. 40; Tryon, 1886, p.
312. Also spelled macandrewi (Melvill and Standen, 1901, p.
391;Smith, 1903, p. 387; Turton, 1932, p. 93). Recent, Red
Sea, Persian Gulf, South Africa. [Not Turbonilla macandreae
H. Adams, 1870, which is a replacement name for Turbonilla
speciosa H. Adams, 1869 (non A. Adams, 1860, Japan) from
the Atlantic coast of Spain and which Nordsieck, 1972,
p. 128, pl. 6, fig. 3, made the type of Magniturbonilla].

macies Laws, 1937, Turbonilla, p. 417, pl. 33, fig. 15. Oligocene
(Hutchinsonian), New Zealand.

macilenta A. Adams, 1860, Turbonilla, p. 418, no figure. Recent,
Korea, at 7 fms.

macleyana Tenison Woods, 1877, Turbonilla, p. 151; no figure.
See Chemnitzia acicularis A. Adams, 1855.

macphersoni Marwick, 1931, Turbonilla, (Pyrgiscus), p. 108, fig. 209.
Tertiary (Awamoan), New Zealand.

maia Bartsch, 1915, Turbonilla (Pyrgiscus), p. 80, pl. 14, fig. 3.
Recent. Port Alfred, South Africa.

makaoensis Clessin, 1900, Turbonilla, p. 169, pl. 35, fig. 1. Recent,
Macao, China.

mala Nomura, 1937, Turbonilla (Turbonilla), p. 68, pl. 14, figs. 82a, b.
Recent, Sagami Bay, Japan.

malayana Fischer, 1927, Turbonilla, (Pyrgostelis), p. 51, pl. 212,
fig. 16. Pliocene of Ceram, Moluccas.

manorae Melvill, 1898, Turbonilla (Pyrgostelis), p. 23, pl. 1, fig. 22.
Recent, Karachi, Pakistan.

mappingae Ludbrook, 1957, Turbonilla (Chemnitzia), p. 43, pl. 3,
fig. 11. Pliocene of South Australia.

marginalis Laws, 1940, Evelynella, p. 154, pl. 13, fig. 19. Tertiary
(Waitotaran), New Zealand.

manae Angas, 1877, Turbonilla. New name for Turbonilla nitida
Angas, 1867, (non A. Adams, 1855, Chemnitzia). There are
several synonyms: Turbonilla angasi Tenison, Woods, 1878,
which also is a new name for Turbonilla nitida Angas, 1867
(non A. Adams, 1860, Turbonilla, p. 419, no figure, Mino Sima,
Japan). Another synonym is Turbonilla hofmani Angas, 1877,
p. 183, which is a new name for Turbonilla nitida Angas, 1867.

mamayae Saurin, 1959, Turbonilla, p. 260, pl. 6, fig. 10. Recent,
Nhatrang, Viet Nam. Described from a single specimen.

martensi Clessin, 1901, Dunkeria, p. 254, pl. 36, fig. 6. Recent,
Singapore. [Not martensii Clessin, Turbonilla, from Timor.
See there].

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martensii Clessin, 1900, Turbonilla, p. 167, pl. 35, fig. 9. Recent,
Kupang, Timor.

martha Thiele, 1925, Turbonilla, p. 159, pl. 16, fig. 19, 19a. Recent,
from station 191.

masamunei Nomura, 1936, Turbonilla, (Turbonilla), p. 57, pl. 8,
figs. 59a, b. Recent, Siogama Bay, Japan.

massui Saurin, 1959, Pyrgiscilla, p. 271, pl. 9, fig. 2. Recent,
Nhatrang, Viet Nam. Described from a single specimen.

materma Melvill, 1912, Turbonilla (Nisiturris), p. 247, pl. 12, fig. 13.
Recent, Persian Gulf at 55 fms. There is a variety: Turbonilla
(Nisiturris) materna var. melvilli Ray, 1968, p. 21. Recent, off
Puri, India.

matunamiensis Otuka, 1935, Turbonilla (Pyrgiscus), p. 864, text
fig. 224. Pleistocene of Noto, Japan.

matusimensis Nomura, 1936, Turbonilla (Turbonilla), p. 64, pl. 10,
figs. 76a, b and 77a, b. Recent, Siogama Bay, Japan.

megaembryo Hornung and Mermod, 1924, Turbonilla tantilla var..,,,.
p. 307, text fig. 24. See tantilla Hornung and Mermod, 1924.

melitta Thiele, 1925, Turbonilla (Chemnitzia) p. 163, pl. 16,
figs. 22, 22a. Recent, from station 193.

melvilli Ray, 1968, Turbonilla matema var melvilli, p. 21. Recent.
Puri, India, Bay of Bengal. [Not Turbonilla melvilli Dautzenberg,
1912, p. 65, figs. 3, 4. Libreville, West Africa].

metulina A. Adams, 1860, Turbonilla, p. 421, no figure. Recent, from
Mino-Sima, Japan, at 63 fms.

michaelis Melvill, 1910, Turbonilla, p. 187, pl. 5, fig. 2. Recent,
Persian Gulf.

micra Pritchard and Galtliff, 1900, Turbonilla (Ondina), p. 134, pl. 21,
fig.1. Recent, Australia. Not turbonillid.

microcheilos de Folin, 1879, Turbonilla, p. 241, pl. 6, fig. 9. Recent,
Andaman Islands.

microperone Melvill, 1904, Turbonilla, p. 162, pl. 10, fig. 11. Recent,
Gulf of Oman.

microscopica Laseron, 1959, Turbonilla, p. 235, figs. 150-151.
Recent, Darwin, North Australia. Perhaps Pyrgulinid.

minna Thiele, 1925, Turbonilla (Turbonilla), p. 325, pl. 8, fig. 4.
Recent. No precise location given.

mira Nomura, 1937, Turbonilla (Turbonilla), p. 66, pl. 14, figs. 78a, b.
See Turbonilla (Chemnitzia) imbana Yokoyama, 1922.

mirandus Saurin, 1959, Pyrgiscus, p. 269, pl. 8, fig. 6. Recent,
Nhatrang, Viet Nam. Described from a single specimen.

misella Yokoyama, 1922, Turbonilla (Ptycheulimella), p. 100, pl.4,

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TEXAS CONCHOLOGIST Vol. XXXIV No. 2, March, 1998

fig. 36. Pleistocene of Otaki, Japan. Not Turbonillid. A
synonym is Turbonilla (Ptycheulimella) misella supramisella
Nomura , 1938, p. 52, pl. 9, figs. 73a, b. Recent, Kamakura,
Japan.

mitis Laws, 1937, Chemnitzia, p. 65, pl. 14, fig. 30. Recent, Australia.

miurana Nomura, 1937, Turbonilla (Pyrgiscus), p. 70, pl. 12,
figs. 64a, b. Recent, Dusi, Japan.

miyagiensis Nomura, 1936, Turbonilla (Pyrgiscus), p. 86, pl. 11,
figs. 85a, b. See Turbonilla (Mormula) aulica Dall and
Bartsch, 1906.

miyakoensis Nomura, 1939, Turbonilla (Pyrgiscus), p. 140, pl. 9,
fig. 12. Recent, off Miyakomati, Japan, in 100 m.

mizuhoana "Nomura" Hatai and Nisiyama, 1952, p. 260. Misspelling
for mizuhonica Nomura, 1939.

mizuhonica Nomura, 1939, Turbonilla (Pytcheulimella), p. 133, pl. 9,
fig. 18. Pliocene of Yamanouti, Japan.

modica A. Adams, 1860, Turbonilla, p. 420, no figure. Recent,
Mino-Sima, Japan, at 63 fms.

mollita Nomura, 1937, Turbonilla (Turbonilla), p. 66, pl. 14,
figs. 71a, b. See hasimotoi Nomura, 1937.

monocycla A. Adams, 1860, Parthenia, p. 479, no. figure. Recent,
Mino-Sima, Japan. This is a Sulcoturbonilla. A synonym
Turbonilla (Sulcoturbonilla) quantoana Nomura, 1937, pl. 12,
figs. 62a, b, and 68a, b. Recent, Sagami Province, Japan.
[Not Turbonilla monocycla A. Adams, 1860, p. 418, no figure,
which was made by Dall and Bartsch, 1909, the type of
Pselliogyra].

monocycla A. Adams, 1860, Turbonilla, p. 418, no figure. Recent,
Mino-Sima, Japan at 63 fms. Doubtfully turbonillid.

moorei Laws, 1937, Turbonilla, p. 66, pl. 33, fig. 16. Recent, off
Otago Heads, New Zealand in 50 fms.

mormuloides Nomura, 1936, Turbonilla (Pyrgiscus), p. 90, pl. 10,
figs. 75a, b. Recent, Siogama Bay, Japan.

morsei Yokoyama, 1926, Turbonilla (Cingulina), p. 281, pl. 33, fig. 17.
Pliocene of Sawani, Japan. Not turbonillid, but Turritellopsis.
[See Makiyama, 1958, pl. 45, fig. 17].

mourazimana Nomura, 1938, Turbonilla (Pyrgiscus), p. 24, pl. 4,
figs. 34a, b. Recent, Moura-zima, Japan. (Not a Pyrgiscus).

mulderi Chapman, Crispin and Keble, 1928, Turbonilla, p. 108, pl. 7,
fig. 34. Recent, Western Beach, Gulong, Australia.

multigyrata Dunker, 1882, Turbonilla, p. 79, pl. 13, figs. 18-20.
Recent, Decima, Nagasaki City, Japan. A synonym is

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TEXAS CONCHOLOGIST Vol. XXXIV No. 2, March, 1998

Turbonilla (Turbonilla) pseudomultigyrata Nomura, 1936, p. 68.
pl. 11, figs. 89a, b. Recent, Sagami Bay, Japan.

multistriata Turton, 1932, Turbonilla, p. 97, pl. 21, fig. 708. Recent,
Port Alfred, South Africa.

mumia A. Adams, 1860, Chrysallida, p. 45, no figure. Recent, Japan.
By Dall and Bartsch, 1906, p. 343, pl. 17, put in Turbonilla
(Pyrgiscus). There are two probable synonyms: Turbonilla
(Pyrgiscus) amicitia Nomura, 1936, No. 10, p. 79, pl. 8,
figs. 58a, b. Recent, Siogama Bay and Turbonilla (Pyrgiscus)
hozyoensis Nomura, 1938, p. 83, pl. 14, figs. 120a, b.
Pleistocene of Numa, Japan. Described from a single
specimen.

munda A. Adams, 1860, Turbonilla, p. 420, no figure. Recent,
Mino-Sima, Japan, at 63 fms.

nadiensis Preston, 1915, Chrysallida (Mormula), p. 296, figs. 8, 8a.
Not turbonillid, but Taphrostomia. See humilis Preston, 1905.

naganinus Saurin, 1959, Pyrgiscus, p. 268, pl. 8, fig. 13. Recent,
Nhatrang, Viet Nam. Described from a single specimen.

nakamurai "Onoyama m. s." Nomura, 1937, Turbonilla, p. 76, 79,
and 90. Merely a listed manuscript name. Pliocene of Kaga,
Japan. (Onoyama, 1933, p. 273).

nana Laseron, 1959, Exesilla, p. 217, fig. 10. Recent, Port Curtis,
North Australia.

nata Nomura, 1938, Turbonilla s.s., pl. 2, figs. 14a, b. Recent,
Siogama Bay, Japan. Described from a single specimen. A
probable synonym is: Turbonilla rikuzen-osimenis Nomura,
1938, p. 27, pl. 3, figs. 27a, b. Recent, from Kesennuma Bay,
Japan, at shallow depth.

natales Laws, 1937, Turbonilla, p. 417, fig. 19. Tertiary, Clifden, New
Zealand. Possibly Turbonilla duplicaria Marwick, 1931, is the
same. See there.

natukawaensis Nomura, 1939, Turbonilla yabei...., p. 139, pl. 9,
fig. 2. See yabei Nomura, 1939.

neogila Melvill, 1910, Turbonilla, p. 187, pl. 5, fig. 3. Recent,
Bombay, India.

neozelanica Hutton, 1885, p. 934, no figure. See zealandica
Hutton, 1873.

ngatape Marwick, 1931, Turbonilla, p. 106, figs. 201-202. Oligocene
of New Zealand.

ngatutura Laws, 1940, Chemnitzia, p. 444, figs. 19 and 43. Miocene
(Waitotaran), New Zealand.

nicobanica Thiele, 1925, Turbonilla, p. 162, pl. 16, fig. 18. Recent, at
7° 48.8' N-93° 7.6' E at 805 m.

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TEXAS CONCHOLOGIST Vol. XXXIV No. 2, March, 1998

nigricolor Nomura, 1936, Turbonilla (Turbonilla), pl. 7, figs. 55a, b.
Recent, Siogama Bay, Japan.

nihona Otuka, 1935, Turbonilla (Strioturbonilla). See Turbonilla
infantula Dall and Bartsch, 1906.

ninona Laseron, 1959, Turbonilla, p. 233, fig. 143. See Turbonilla
bowenensis Laseron, 1959.

nippona Nomura, 1936, Turbonilla (Turbonilla), p. 62, pl. 9,
figs. 69a, b. Recent, Japan.

nisitaiensis Nomura, 1938, Turbonilla s.s., p. 31, pl. 4, figs. 30a, b.
Miocene of Japan. Described from a poor specimen.

nishigasaensis Nomura, 1939, Turbonilla (Pyrgiscus), p. 140, pl. 9,
fig. 1. Pliocene of Japan. Note: most authors spell
"nishihigasaensis" which is not the spelling of the original
publication.

nisiyamai Nomura, 1938, Turbonilla (Pyrgiscus), p. 82, pl. 11,
fig. 85a, b. Recent, Numa, Japan.

nitida Angas, 1867, Turbonilla, p. 112, pl. 13, fig. 9. See marae
Tenison Woods, 1876. [Not Turbonilla nitida A. Adams, 1860].

nitida A. Adams, 1860, Turbonilla, p. 419, no figure. Recent,
Mino-Sima, Japan. [Not nitida Angas, 1867].

nitidissima \ssel, 1869, Turbonilla, p. 177, pl. 1, fig. 9. Recent, Red
Sea. Probably a Costosymola (not turbonillid).

nodosa Martin, 1884, Turbonilla, p. 161, pl. 8, fig. 156. Lower Miocene
of Java. Most probably a Wajkura. —

nodosocostata Nomura, 1938, Turbonilla (Pyrgiscus), p. 117, pl. 22,
fig. 27. Pliocene of Taiwan.

nodulosa Laseron, 1959, Zaphella, p. 242, fig. 184. Recent, Albany
Passage, North Australia.

nonnota Nomura, 1936, Turbonilla (Turbonilla), p. 52, pl. 5,
figs. 34a, b. Recent, Siogama Bay, Japan. Described from
a single specimen.

numamurana Nomura, 1938, Turbonilla s.s., p. 88, pl. 15,
figs. 134a, b. Pleistocene of Numa, Japan.

n-zinboi Nomura, 1936, Turbonilla (Pyrgiscus), p. 87, pl. 11,
figs. 91a, b. Recent, Siogama Bay, Japan. Described from a
single specimen.

oamura Laws, 1937, Turbonilla, p. 411, no figure. Miocene (Awamoan),
New Zealand.

oamarutica Suter, 1917, Turbonilla (Pyrgiscus), p. 16, pl.1, fig. 7.
Tertiary, New Zealand. Not turbonillid, but is a Notacirsa.

obeliscus Gould, 1861, Turbonilla, p. 406, no figure. Recent, South
Africa. Renamed secura Dall and Bartsch, 1906 and
redescribed by Bartsch, 1915, p. 76, pl. 17, fig. 7. (See there).

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TEXAS CONCHOLOGIST Vol. XXXIV No. 2, March, 1998

Not Chemnitzia obeliscus C. B. Adams, 1850, from Jamaica,
which may be a form of T. interrupta Totten, 1835.

oblectamontum Pilsbry, 1918, Turbonilla (Chemnitzia), p. 313, text
figure 8. See /irata A. Adams, 1855.

obliqua Laseron, 1959, Chemnitzia, p. 237, figs. 164-165. Recent,
Albany Passage, North Australia, 4-14 fms. [Not Chemnitzia
obliqua Saurin, 1959, from Viet Nam (see there); nor
Turbonilla obliqua Loven, 1846, which is not turbonillid but is
Turbo divisa J. Adams, 1787, an European Evalea; nor
Turbonilla obliqua De Grange-Touzin, 1895, p. 400, pl. 9, figs.
4, 4a, from the Miocene of France].

obliqua Saurin, 1959, Chemnitzia, p. 261, pl. 6, figs. 20-21. Recent,
Viet Nam. [Not C. obliqua Laseron, 1959; see there].

obliquitestulata Nomura and Zinbo, 1935, p. 191, pl. 15, fig. 4.
Miocene of Japan. (The Latin name might be corrected to
the correct obliquetestulata).

obscura Yokoyama, 1922, Turbonilla (Careliopsis), p. 106, pl. 5,
fig. 16. Pleistocene of Shito, Japan. Not turbonillid. [Not:
Turbonilla obscura Reuss, 1867, p. 1590, pl. 7, figs. 5-7,
Miocene of Poland, this is not a Turbonilla but an Eulimella].

oceanica Oliver, 1915, Turbonilla, p. 530, pl. 10, fig. 19. Recent,
Kermadec Islands in 10-30 m.

okadaensis Nomura, 1939, Turbonilla, p. 137, pl. 9, fig. 43. Miocene
of Okada, Japan,

olga Thiele, 1925, Turbonilla, p. 165, pl. 17, fig. 7. See Turbonilla
tegulata Sowerby, 1892.

oligopleura Melvill, 1910, Turbonilla, p. 188, pl. 5, fig. 4. Dredged
alive, Gulf of Oman, at 198 fms.

optima Nomura, 1936, Turbonilla (Pyrgiscus), pl. 6, figs. 47a,b.
Recent, Siogama Bay, Japan.

optiva Nomura, 1936, Turbonilla (Pyrgiscus), p. 73, pl. 14, 6,
figs. 76a, b. See paucicostulata. Tokunaga, 1906.

omata Gould, 1861, Turbonilla, p. 406, no figure. Recent, Hong
Kong Harbor. [Not Chemnitzia omata Orbigny, 1842, p. 221;
atlas 1853, pl. 16, figs. 18-20. Recent, Cuba].

orthoplicatula Nomura, 1936, Turbonilla (Turbonilla), p. 74, pl. 12,
figs. 101a, b. See Turbonilla dunken Clessin, 1902.

osyuensis Nomura, 1936, Turbonilla (Turbonilla), p. 54, pl. 6,
figs. 48a, b. See Turbonilla (Chemnitzia) approximata
Dall and Bartsch, 1906.

otaioensis Laws, 1937, Finlayola, p. 312, p. 43, fig. 7. Oligocene
(Hutchinsonian), New Zealand.

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TEXAS CONCHOLOGIST Vol. XXXIV No. 2, March, 1998

otokauica Laws, 1937, Pyrgiscilla, p. 175, p. 34, figs. 2 and 4.
Recent, Dunedin Harbor, New Zealand in 2-4 fms.

otoconsors Laws, 1937, Pyrgiscilla, p. 174, pl. 34, fig. 1. Tertiary
(Ototaran), near Gore, New Zealand. May be the same as
Pyrgiscilla linearis Laseron.

otukai Nomura, 1938, Turbonilla s.s., p. 57, pl. 10, figs. 81a, b. See
Turbonilla (Chemnitzia) keiskeana Yokoyama, 1927.

ovalis de Folin, 18.., Turbonilla, Fonds de la Mer, Vol. 1, p. 81, pl. 9,
fig. 6. Type lost, fide Kisch, 1959, p. 95, 104. Recent,
Carimata, China Seas.

owenga Laws, 1937, Chemnitzia, p. 70, no figure. Recent, off Owenga,
New Zealand.

pachypleura Melvill, 1910, Turbonilla, p. 188, pl.5, fig. 5. Recent,
Gulf of Oman at 156 fms.

pacifica Yokoyama, 1922, Turbonilla (Strioturbonilla), p. 105, pl. 5,
fig. 3. Pleistocene of Shito, Japan.

pagoda Tenison Woods, _, Turbonilla. non vidi. Oligocene of
Tasmania fide Dennant and Kitson, 1903, p. 117.

pakaurangiensis Laws, 1939, Pyrgolampros, p. 468 and 492,
no figure. Tertiary, New Zealand.

paleogenica Corgan, 1969, Turbonilla, p. 574. New name for
Turbonilla agrestis Laws, 1937, p. 410, figs. 1, 1a. Tertiary
of New Zealand. [Not agrestis Aldrich, 1911, p. 10, pl. 4,
fig. 2. Eocene of Alabama].

panucidula Nomura, 1936, Turbonilla (Turbonilla), p. 64, pl. 11,
figs. 86a, b. Recent, Siogama Bay, Japan.

parvitesta Nomura, 1936, Turbonilla (Turbonilla), p. 70, pl. 12,
figs. 95a, b. Recent, Siogama Bay, Japan.

paschalis Thiele, 1925, Turbonilla, p. 158, pl. 16, figs. 3, 3a. Recent,
from Station 251.

patricia Thiele, 1925, Turbonilla, p. 159, pl. 16, figs. 5 5a. Recent,
off East Africa, Zanzibar Channel at 463 m.

patruelis Melvill, 1918, Turbonilla, p. 144, pl. 4, fig. 13. Recent,
Gulf of Oman, Charbar, at 5 fms. This may be the same as
Chemnitzia chrysozona von Martens, 1880, which could be
the same as Pyrgiscus fulvizonata Nomura, 1938.

paucicostulata Tokunaga, 1906, p. 22, no figure. Pleistocene, Tokyo,
Japan. A possible synonym is Turbonilla (Pyrgiscus) optiva
Nomura, 1937, p. 73, pl. 14, figs. 76a, b.

paucina Laseron, 1959, Turbonilla, p. 234, fig. 147. Recent, Port Curtis,
North Australia.

paula Thiele, 1925, Turbonilla, p. 162, pl. 16, figs. 19, 19a.
Recent, station 251.

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TEXAS CONCHOLOGIST Vol. XXXIV No. 2, March, 1998

pauper Nomura, 1936, Turbonilla (Turbonilla), p. 67, pl. 11, figs, 8, 8a.
Recent, Siogama Bay, Japan.

paupercula Nomura, 1936, Turbonilla (Turbonilla), p. 62, pl. 9,
figs. 68a, b. Recent, Siogama Bay, Japan.

peasi Dall and Bartsch, 1906, Turbonilla (Lancella), p. 347. See aulica
Dall and Bartsch, 1906.

pellucida Sowerby, 1897, Cioniscus, p. 13, pl. 6, fig. 10. Recent, Port
Elisabeth, South Africa. See also Bartsch, 1915, Turbonilla
(Cingulina) and Barnard, 1969, p. 648, Turbonilla. [Not
Pyrgiscilla pellucida Saurin, 1959, Viet Nam. See there.]
There is a "variety": Turbonilla pellucida var. affinis Turton,
1932, p. 98, pl. 21, fig. 719. Recent, South Africa. Not
turbonillid.

pellucida Saurin, 1959, Pyrgiscilla, p. 272, pl. 18, fig. 8. Recent,
Nhatrang, Viet Nam. Described from a single specimen.
[Not pellucida Sowerby, 1897. See there].

perexilis Turton, 1932, Turbonilla, p. 92, pl. 20, fig. 675. Recent,
Port Alfred, South Africa.

perfecta A. Adams, 1860, Turbonilla, p. 418, no figure. Recent,
Port Hamilton, Korea, at 7 fms.

perminima Turton, 1932, Turbonilla, p. 99, pl. 21, fig. 722. Recent,
Port Alfred, South Africa.

peroni Velain, 1878, Turbonilla, non vidi, Recent, St. Paul, Indian
Ocean. Velain, 1876, p. 285, nomen nudum. See also
Kobelt, 1881, p. 22 and Tryon, 1886, p. 326, pl. 75, fig. 98.

perscalata Hedley, 1909, Turbonilla, p. 449, pl. 42, fig. 75. Recent,
Hope Islands, Queensland. Not Turbonilla, but Linopyrga.
See Laseron, 1959, p. 227, fig. 124.

persarum Melvill and Standen, 1903, Mormula, p. 304, pl. 22, fig. 2.
Recent, Gulf of Oman, Muscat, in 15 fms.

petaneana Laws, 1937, Chemnitzia, p. 51, fig. 12. Tertiary
(Nukumaruan and Castlecliffian), New Zealand.

petri Bartsch, 1929, Turbonilla (Pyrgolampros), non vidi. See
rufofasciata Smith, 1875.

philippiana Dunker, 1960, Turbonilla, p. 239. Figure in Dunker, 1861,
p. 16, pl. 1, fig. 12. Recent, Decima, Japan. There are
several synonyms: Mormula rissoina A. Adams, 1864, pl. 1,
no figure. Recent, Osima, Japan; Rissoina rex Pilsbry, 1904,
p. 27, pl. 4, figs. 42, 42a. Recent, Hirado, Japan; Turbonilla
(Pyrgiscus) pseudorex Nomura, 1937, p. 72, pl. 13,
figs. 67a, b. Recent, Sagami Bay, Japan; Turbonilla (Pyrgiscus)
validissima Nomura, 1938, p. 69, pl. 7, figs. 34a, b.
Recent, Sagami Bay, Japan; Turbonilla (Pyrgiscus)

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TEXAS CONCHOLOGIST Vol. XXXIV No. 2, March, 1998

tobisimensis Nomura, 1938, p. 24, pl. 3, figs. 28a, b. Recent,
Tobisima, Japan; Turbonilla tobisimensis daibutu Nomura, 1938,
p. 33, pl. 6, figs. 51a, b. Recent Kamakura, Japan.

phuae Saurin, 1959, Chemnitzia (Nisiturris), p. 265, pl. 7, fig. 10.
Recent, Nhatrang, Viet Nam. Described from a single
specimen.

phyllidis Melvill, 1910, Turbonilla, p. 188, pl. 5, fig. 6. Recent, Gulf of
Oman at 120 fms. Described from a single specimen.

pinguis Laseron, 1951, Pyrgiscus, p. 323, p. 73. Recent, Botany Bay,
New South Wales, Australia. [Not Chemnitzia (Elusa) krebsi
pinguis Mérch, 1875. Recent, Caribbean].

planicostata Yokoyama, 1922, Turbonilla (Pyrgolampros), p. 104,
pl. 15, fig. 11. Pleistocene of Semosa, Japan.

planitesta Nomura, 1936, Turbonilla (Pyrgiscus), p. 89, pl. 7,
figs. 57a, b. Recent, Siogama Bay, Japan.

plebeia Nomura, 1936, Turbonilla (Pyrgiscus), p. 82, pl. 10,
figs. 80a, b. Recent, Siogama Bay, Japan.

plicata de Folin, 18.., Turbonilla, Fonds de la Mer, Vol. 3, p. 265, pl. 9,
fig. 4. Recent, Borneo. See also Kisch, 1959, p. 104.

pliocenica, Laws, 1937, Chemnitzia, p. 51, pl. 13, fig. 18. Recent,
Cape Runaway, 1937, New Zealand. Asynonym is Chemnitzia
kingi Laws, 1937, p. 54, pl. 13, fig. 10. Recent, of Takapuna,
New Zealand.

polaris Hedley, 1917 (19197), Turbonilla, p. 86, figure on p. 87.
Recent, McMurdo Sound, Antarctica.

polykista de Folin, 1879, Stylopsis, p. 244, pl. 7, fig. 4. Recent,
Andaman Islands.

polyzonata Carpenter, 1856, Chemnitzia, p. 170, no figure. Recent,
Mindanao, Philippines.

porrecta Laseron, 1959, Chemnitzia, p. 237, figs. 160-161. Recent,
Bowen, North Australia.

portsaensis Gatliff and Gabriel, 1910, Turbonilla, p. 187, pl. 46, fig. 1.
Recent, Portsea, Victoria, Australia. This probably is a
pyrgulinid.

powelli Bucknill, 1924, Turbonilla, p. 122, text figure. Recent, Tauranga,
New Zealand.

praegravata Laws, 1940, Turbonilla, p. 443, fig. 34. Miocene
(Waitotaran), New Zealand.

prashadi Ray, 1968, Turbonilla, p. 21, text figure 12. Recent, off Puri,
Bay of Bengal, India.

prestoni Ray, 1968, Turbonilla, p. 20, text figure 11. Recent, off
Puri, Bay of Bengal, India.

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princeps Preston, 1906, Turbonilla?, p. 67, pl. 2, fig. 33. Recent,
Ceylon (Sri Lanka). Of uncertain affinity.

prisca Suter, 1917, Turbonilla (Mormula), p. 16, pl. 3, fig. 10.
Not turbonillid, but Notacirsa. See Laws 1937, p. 184.

procerita Laseron, 1959, Pyrgiscilla, p. 239, fig. 170. Recent, Darwin,
North Australia.

producta Turton, 1932, Turbonilla, p. 94, pl. 20, fig. 686. Recent, Port
Alfred, South Africa.

prolongata Turton, 1932, Turbonilla, p. 100, pl. 22, fig. 727. Recent,
Port Alfred, South Africa. [Not Chemnitzia prolongata
Carpenter, 1857, p. 429, no figure, Mazatlan, Mexico].
A synonym is Turbonilla intersecta Turton, 1932, p. 100,
pl. 22, fig. 731. Recent, Port Alfred, South Africa. Described
from a single specimen.

propinqua Laseron, 1951, Chemnitzia, p. 321, fig. 63. Recent, Port
Stephens, New South Wales, Australia.

pseudoactopora Nomura, 1939, Turbonilla s.s., p. 136, pl. 9, fig. 7.
Pliocene of Japan.

pseudoapproximata Nomura, 1936, Turbonilla (Turbonilla), p. 55, pl. 7,
figs. 51a, b, and 56a, b. See approximata Dall and Bartsch,
1906.

pseudocingulata Yokoyama, 1926, Turbonilla (Cingulina), p. 281,
pl. 35, fig. 1. Pliocene of Sawana, Japan. Not turbonillid.

pseudocura Nomura, 1938, Turbonilla s.s., p. 28, pl. 4, figs. 32a, b.
See dunkeri Clessin, 1902.

pseudohumilis Nomura, 1938, Turbonilla s.s., p. 87, pl. 15,
figs. 131a, b. See humilis Yokoyama, 1924.

pseudomala Nomura, 1938, Turbonilla s.s., p. 29, pl. 4, figs. 33a, b.
See dunkeri Clessin, 1902.

pseudomultigyrata Nomura, 1936, Turbonilla (Turbonilla), p. 68, pl. 11,
figs. 89a, b. See multigyrata Dall and Bartsch, 1906.

pseudorex, Nomura, 1937, Turbonilla (Pyrgiscus), p. 72, pl. 13,
figs. 67a, b. See philippiana Dunker, 1860.

pukeuriensis Laws, 1937, Turbonilla, p. 410, pl. 32, figs. 2 and 9.
Tertiary (Awamoan), New Zealand.

pulchella A. Adams, 1860, Dunkeria, p. 120, no figure. Recent, off
Mino-Sima, Japan. Possibly not turbonillid [Fenella?]. See
Tryon, 1887, p. 396.

pulchellus de Folin, 1870, Stylopsis, Fonds de la Mer, I, p. 261, pl. 24,
fig. 2. Recent, off Sydney, Australia.

punctillum Melvill, 1910, Turbonilla, p. 189, pl. 5, fig. 7. Recent, Gulf of
Oman at 156 fms.

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punctipenpherata Nomura, 1936, Turbonilla (Turbonilla). p. 53, pl. 6,
figs. 46a, b. Recent, Siogama Bay, Japan.

punicea Okutani, 1964, Turbonilla, p. 442, pl. 7, fig. 15. See corgani
Okutani, 1968. [Not Turbonilla vindana var, punicea Dall, 1894,
p. 332. Western Atlantic].

puriensis, Ray, 1968, Turbonilla, p. 20, fig. 10. Recent, off Puri, Bay
of Bengal, India. Resembles Turbonilla hertha Thiele, 1925,
from Indian Ocean.

quadrasi Boettger, 1896, Turbonilla, p. 47 and 53-54, no figure.
Recent, Manila, Philippines.

quadruplator Laws, 1940, Chemnitzia, p. 443, p. 39. Tertiary
(Waitotaran), New Zealand.

quaestuosa Mellvill, 1910, Turbonilla, p. 189, pl. 5, fig. 8. Recent,
Bombay, India.

quangae Saurin, 1959, Pyrgiscus, p. 268, pl. 8, fig. 9. Recent,
Nhatrang, Viet Nam.

quantoana Nomura, 1937, Turbonilla (Su/coturbonilla), p. 74, pl. 12,
figs. 62a, b, and 68a, b. See Parthenia monocycla A. Adams,
1860.

queenslandica Laseron, 1959, Chemnitzia, p. 237, figs. 162-163.
Recent, Bowen, North Australia.

radicans Chapman and Crespin, 1928, Turbonilla, p. 109, pl. 7,
fig. 35. Pliocene of Adelaide, South Australia.

raikura Laws, 1937, Chemnitzia, p. 66, fig. 27. Recent, off Stewart
Island, New Zealand.

raptor Laws, 1937, Chemnitzia, p. 55, pl. 13, fig. 8. Pliocene of
Cape Kidnappers, Australia. A synonym is Chemnitzia
raptor var. hamiltoni Laws, 1937, p. 55, pl. 13, fig. 8.

raritans Nomura, 1936, Turbonilla (Turbonilla), p. 66, pl. 10,
figs. 81a, b. Recent, Siogama Bay, Japan.

recticostata Melvill, 1904, Turbonilla, p. 163, pl. 10, fig. 12. Recent,
Gulf of Oman at 156 fms.

regis Saurin, 1959, Chemnitzia, p. 64, pl. 7, fig. 12. Recent,
Nhatrang, Viet Nam.

renatae Saurin, 1959, Pyrgiscilla, P. 270, pl. 8, fig. 19. Recent,
Nhatrang, Viet Nam.

reticulata A. Adams, 1860, Dunkena, p. 422, no figure. [Not
pyramidellid, but is a Clathrofenella; see Kuroda and Habe,
1952 and1954. Recent, Japan; nor Chemnitzia reticulata
C. B. Adams, 1850, from Jamaica, p. 75].

retusa, Turton, 1932, Turbonilla, p. 99, pl. 22, fig. 725. Recent, Port
Alfred, South Africa. Probably an immature shell.

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rex Pilsbry, 1904, Rissoina, p. 27, pl. 4, figs. 42, 42a. See
philippiana Dunker, 1860. [Not Turbonilla rex Thiele, 1925,
p. 157].

rex Thiele, 1925, Turbonilla, p. 157, pl. 16, figs. 1, 1a. Recent, off
Dar es Salam, in deep water. [Not rex Pilsbry, 1904, p. 27].

rhabdoides Watson, 1886, Odostomia (Turbonilla), p. 492, pl. 32,
fig. 5. See Turbonilla confusa Brazier, 1877.

rhambaensis Preston, 1914, Terebra, p. 297, figs. 5, 5a. Recent,
Rhamba Bay, Lake Chilka, Madras, India. Also see
Annandale, 1924, p. 867, (Turbonilla).

ridiculosa Nomura, 1937, Turbonilla (Turbonilla), p. 65, pl. 13,
figs. 70a, b. Recent, Sagami Bay, Japan.

rietensis, Turton, 1932, Turbonilla, p. 96, pl. 21, fig. 702. Recent, Port
Alfred, South Africa.

rikuzenica Nomura, 1936, Turbonilla (Ptycheulimella), p. 87, pl. 10,
figs. 72a, b. Recent, Siogama Bay, Japan. Not turbonillid.

rikuzen-osimensis Nomura, 1938, p. 27, pl. 3, figs. 27a, b. See
Turbonilla nota Nomura, 1938.

rissoina A. Adams, 1864, Mormula, p. 1, no figure. See Turbonilla
philippiana Dunker, 1860.

rolingiana Saurin, 1961, Turbonilla, p. 254, pl. 4, fig. 10. Recent,
Gulf of Thailand.

romesaina Saurin, 1961, Turbonilla, p. 255, pl. 4, figs. 11, 12. Recent,
Gulf of Thailand.

rubrofusca Carpenter, 1856, Chemnitzia, p. 171, no figure. Recent,
China Seas. For figure see Yen, 1942, p. 221, pl. 20,
fig. 131.

rufanensis Turton, 1932, Turbonilla, p. 98, pl. 21, fig. 714. Recent,
Port Alfred, South Africa.

rufocincta A. Adams, 1861, Dunkena, p. 300, no figure. Recent,
Shantung, China. Not pyramidellid, but is Eufenella. See
also Kuroda and Habe, 1952, p. 56.

rufofasciata Smith, 1875, Stylopsis, p. 103, no figure. Recent, east of
Yesso (45° 51'N-144° 40' East) in 48 fms. Made the type of
Denuginella, See Habe, 1958, p. 54. There are also several
synonyms: Turbonilla (Pyrgolampros) petn Bartsch, 1929, p.
135, pl. 4, fig.3; Turbonilla (Pyrgolampros) acosta Bartsch, 1929,
p. 136, pl. 4, fig. 5 and Turbonilla (Pyrgolampros)
Viadivostokensis Bartsch, 1929, p. 133, pl. 4, fig. 2; all from
far eastern Russian seas near Vladivostock. In all probability
the species ranges into Alaska and Canada, whee it is known
under various names given by Bartsch as Pyrgolampros.

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ruippelli Jickeli, 1882, E/usa, p. 366, no figure. Recent, Red Sea.
Possibly the same as Elusa brunneomaculata Melvill, 1897.

sagamiana Yokoyama, 1922, Turbonilla (Strioturbonilla), p. 104, pl. 5,
fig. 12. Pleistocene of Japan. This is probably a Pselliogyra
and thus not turbonillid. See also Taki and Oyama, 1954,
plh25, Tietz:

samarangana Martin, 1884, Turbonilla, p. 163, pl. 8, fig. 159. Tertiary
of Java. Not pyramidellid. Perhaps a Melania?.

s-andoi Nomura, 1938, Turbonilla s.s., p. 115, pl. 22, fig. 25. Pliocene
off Taiwan.

sansibanica Thiele, 1925, Turbonilla, p. 159, pl. 16, fig. 7. Recent,
from Station 245.

scabra A. Adams, 1860, Dunkena, p. 421. Recent, Tsu-Sima, Japan,
in 16 fms. Not pyramidellid but Clathrofenella. See also Kuroda
and Habe, 1952, p. 54.

scala Laws, 1937, Chemnitzia, p. 65, figs. 26, 28. Recent, New
Zealand, off Oamaru, in 50 fms.

scalarina Gould, 1861, Odostomia, p. 405. Recent, Loo Choo
(=Okinawa). Is a Mormula? Possibly = nssoina = rex. [Not
scalarina Brazier, 1894, see there].

scalarina Brazier, 1894, Turbonilla, [in A. U. Henn, p. 170, pl. 14,
fig. 5]. See tasmanica Tenison Woods, 1875.

scalans Velain, 1878, Chemnitzia, non vidi. Recent, St. Paul, Indian
Ocean. Nomen nudum in Velain, 1876, p. 285. [Not Melania
scalanis Philippi, 1836, p. 157, pl. 9, fig. 9, which is a recent
Pyrgostelis from the Mediterranean, (many synonyms), nor
Turbonilla scalaris Martin, 1884 from the Miocene of Java,
(see there)]. sca/aris Velain, 1878 was replaced by Turbonilla
velaini Tryon, 1886. (See there).

scalaris Martin, 1884, Turbonilla, p. 162, pl. 8, fig. 158. Miocene of
Java. [Not Chemnitzia scalaris Philippi, 1836. Recent,
Mediterranean (Pyrgostelis)].

scaliola A. Adams, 1860, Turbonilla, p. 420. No figure. Recent, Korea
Strait.

scalpidens Watson, 1886, Odostomia (Turbonilla), p. 489, pl. 32,
fig. 1. Recent, Port Jackson, New South Wales, Australia.

scitula A. Adams, 1861, Turbonilla, p. 297, no figure. Recent, Japan?.

scrobiculata Yokoyama, 1922, Turbonilla (Mormula), p. 102,
pl. 4, fig. 38. Pleistocene of Otake, Japan. Placed by most
workers in Paramormula. Replacement name for Turbonilla
vancifera Pilsbry, 1901. Not Turbonilla vanicifera Tate, 1898.
See there.

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sculptilis A. Adams, 1860. Turbonilla, p. 419, no figure. Recent,
Tsu-Sima, Japan.

sculpturata Oliver, 1915, Turbonilla, p. 530, pl. 10, fig. 20. Recent,
in 10-30 m. , off Sunday Island, West Australia, [not
sculpturata Turton, 1932].

sculpturata Turton, 1932, Turbonilla, p. 95, pl. 21, figs. 695. Recent,
Port Alfred, South Africa. This is a probable synonym of
Turbonilla tefunta Bartsch, 1915. See there. [Not Turbonilla
sculpturata Oliver, 1915].

secta Saurin, 1958, Turbonilla (Asmunda), p. 81, pl. 4, fig. 8. Recent,
Pho-Hai, South Viet Nam. Probably not an Asmunda.

secunda Saurin, 1959, Elusa, p. 233, pl. 2, fig. 17. Recent, Nhatrang,
Viet Nam.

secura Dall and Bartsch, 1906, Turbonilla (Strioturbonilla), p. 339.
Recent, Cape of Good Hope. Replacement name for
Turbonilla obeliscus Gould, 1861, p. 406. [Not Turbonilla
obeliscus C. B. Adams, 1850. Recent, from Jamaica].

sematana Yokoyama, 1922, Turbonilla (Chemnitzia), p. 103, pl. 4,
fig. 41. Pleistocene of Japan. Probably the same as
Turbonilla tikkoensis Nomura, 1936, p. 54, figs. 50a, b.

semicolorata Yokoyama, 1927, Turbonilla (Mormula), p. 424, pl. 47,
fig. 22. Pleistocene of Tokyo, Japan.

semiglabra Clessin, 1902, Turbonilla, p. 258, pl. 41, (not 14 as printed),
fig. 5. Recent, no locality given.

semilaevigata Laws, 1937, Pyrgolampros, p. 168, pl. 35, fig. 17.
Tertiary (Awamoan), New Zealand.

semistriata Saurin, 1961, Pyrgiscilla, p. 259, pl. 1, fig. 13, pl. 5, fig. 7.
Recent, Gulf of Thailand.

senta Thiele, 1925, Turbonilla (Mormula), p. 321, figs. 17, 17a.
Recent, Padang, Sumatra. .

separabilis Laws, 1937, Turbonilla, p. 415, pl. 32, fig. 8. Miocene
(Awamoan), New Zealand.

sericea de Folin, 18.., Turbonilla, p. 69, pl. 9, fig. 2. (fide Kisch, 1959,
pl. 14. 13 syntypes from various locations: Batavia, Sydney,
New Caledonia. In the Paris Museum labelled Dunkena sencea.)

shigeyasui Yokoyama, 1927, Turbonilla (Pyrgisculus), p. 425, pl. 47,
fig. 26. See Monoptygma spirata A. Adams, 1851, which
possibly is identical. Perhaps this is a Bartrumella.

shurae Shalem, 1937, Chemnitzia, p. 21, pl. 1, fig. 20. Lower
Cretaceous of Syria. Highly uncertain affinity.

siamensis Saurin, 1961, Pyrgiscilla, p. 259, text figure. Recent, Gulf
of Thailand.

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silvii Saurin, 1959, Asmunda, p. 266, pl. 7, fig. 7. Recent, Nhatrang,
Viet Nam. Described from a single specimen.

similans Smith, 1903, Turbonilla, p. 387, pl. 15, fig. 13. Recent,
South Africa.

similis Laseron, 1951, Chemnitzia aciculans var..., p. 321. Recent,
North Harbour, New South Wales. [Not Chemnitzia acicularis
C. B. Adams, 1852, p. 392, Panama (Pacific); nor Chemnitzia
similis S. V. Wood, 1848. Pliocene of Great Britain, which is a
synonym of Chemnitzia filosa S. V. Wood, 1848; nor Turbonilla
elegantissima var. similis Monterosato, 1878, p. 33(?).
Recent, Mediterranean. ]

simplex Deshayes, 1874, Turbonilla. Listed in Rigacci catalogue for
Bourbon (= Reunion) in Indian Ocean. | cannot find that name
in Deshayes' work on Reunion.

sindangbaranensis Martin, 1906, Turbonilla, p. 323, pl. 45, fig. 746.
Miocene of Java.

sinensis Sowerby, 1894, Turbonilla, p. 157, pl. 12, fig. 9. Recent,
Hong Kong.

sinhala Preston, 1905, Turbonilla, p. 7, figs. 32 and 32a. Recent,
Ceylon (Sri Lanka).

sintikuensis Nomura, 1938, Turbonilla (Pyrgiscus), p. 118, pl. 22,
fig. 8. Pliocene of Taiwan.

siogamensis Nomura, 1938, Turbonilla (Turbonilla), p. 60, pl. 8,
figs. 64a, b. Recent, Siogama Bay, Japan.

s-itoi Nomura, 1936, Turbonilla (Turbonilla), p. 56, pl. 7, figs. 54a, b.
Recent, Siogama Bay, Japan. May be the same as Chemnitzia
dunkenformis Saurin, 1959.

soboensis Nomura, 1938, Turbonilla s.s., p. 86, pl. 14, figs. 123a, b.
Pleistocene of Numa, Japan.

solidissima Nomura, 1936, Turbonilla (Turbonilla), p. 71, pl. 12,
figs.96a, b. Recent, Siogama Bay, Japan.

solidula "Deshayes" in Rigacci catalogue, 1874, p. 85, Turbonilla.
See solidula |Issel, 1869.

solidula |ssel, 1869, Turbonilla, p. 176, pl. 1 fig. 17. Recent, Suez,
Red Sea. [Probably not Turbonilla solida Deshayes, 1863,
listed in Rigacci catalogue (1874) for Bourbon (= Reunion in
Indian Ocean). | cannot find that name is Deshayes'work.

someiensis Nomura, 1939, Turbonilla, p. 136, pl. 9, fig. 16.
Pleistocene of Somei, Japan.

sophia Thiele, 1925, Turbonilla, p. 164, pl. 17, fig. 6. See Turbonilla
tegulata Sowerby, 1892.

sordida Nomura, 1936, Turbonilla (Turbonilla), p. 51, pl. 5, figs. 33a, b.
Recent, Siogama Bay, Japan.

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TEXAS CONCHOLOGIST Vol. XXXIV No. 2, March, 1998

soriensis Eames, 1951, Turbonilla (Chemnitzia), p. 2 and 59, pl. 3,
fig. 69. Eocene of Pakistan.

sororia Melvill, 1896, Turbonilla p. 114, pl. 8, fig. 17. Recent, Bombay,
India.

spatha Laws, 1937, Gispyrella, p. 182, pl. 34, fig. 14. Tertiary of
Oamaru, New Zealand.

speciosa A. Adams, 1860, Turbonilla, p. 420. Recent, Mino-Sima,
Japan at 63 fms. [Not Turbonilla speciosa H. Adams, 1869,
p. 274, pl. 17, fig. 11, from the Atlantic west coast of Spain,
which was renamed Turbonilla macandreae H. Adams, 1870,
and later designated as type of Magniturbonilla Nordsieck,
1972, p. 128, pl. 6, fig.3].

speighti Laws, 1937, Turbonilla, p. 413, pl. 32, fig. 7. Oligocene
(Hutchinsonian), New Zealand.

spinulosa Yokoyama, 1926, Turbonilla (Tragula), p. 281, pl. 35, fig. 5.
Pliocene-Recent, Japan. Not turbonilled but Tragula.

spirata A. Adams, 1851, Monoptygma, p. 223, no figure. Recent,
Camaguin, Philippines. May not be turbonillid. See
shigeyasui Yokoyama, 1927, p. 425.

splendida Martin, 1883, Turbonilla, p. 161, pl. 8, fig. 157. Upper
Miocene of Java, Indonesia.

stegastris Melvill and Standen, 1901, Turbonilla, p. 393, pl. 22, fig. 24.
Recent, Persian Gulf. This species looks surprisingly the same
as Turbonilla (Pyrgolampros) somiliana Hertlein and Strong,
1951, p. 100, pl. 4, fig. 2, from the Pacific near Port Guatulco,
Mexico.

stipes Laws, 1937, Chemnitzia, p. 59, pl. 14, figs. 24 and 41. Recent,
near King Island, New Zealand at 100 fms.

stoneleighana Laws, 1937, Turbonilla, p. 421, pl. 32, fig. 12. Tertiary
(Nukumaruan), New Zealand.

stricta Clessin, 1900, Turbonilla, p. 168, pl. 35, fig. 3. Recent, Macao,
China. [Not Turbonilla stricta Verrill, 1873, p. 659, which is a
synonym of T. nivea Stimpson, 1851, of the western Atlantic;
nor Turbonilla stricta Pallary, 1904, p. 256, which was renamed
T. pallaryi Dautzenberg, 1910, p. 141 and unnecessarily given
the same name again by Nordsieck, 1972, p. 124].

studen Hornung and Mermod, 1924, Turbonilla, p. 305, text figure 21.
Recent, Massaua, Red Sea, at 23-30 m.

Stylifera Thiele, 1925, Elusa, p. 320 pl. 15, fig. 30. Recent, off
Sumatra.

subapproximata Yokoyama, 1920, Turbonilla (Chemnitzia), p. 83,
pl. 5, fig. 16. See Turbonilla (Chemnitzia) approximata
Dall and Bartsch, 1906.

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subcancellata Turton, 1932, Turbonilla, p. 99, pl. 22, fig. 716. Recent,
Port Alfred, South Africa.

subcarina Laseron, 1959, Zaphella, p. 243, fig. 186. Recent, Port
Curtis, North Australia at 1-3 fms.

subcamea Schepman, 1909, Elusa, p. 243, pl. 17, fig. 8. Recent,
Paternoster Islands, Indonesia.

subconica Turton, 1932, Turbonilla, p. 95, pl. 21, fig. 692. Recent,
Port Alfred, South Africa.

subcylindrica Schepman, 1909, Turbonilla, p. 245, pl. 17, fig. 11.
Recent, East Sulu Sea, Indonesia at 535 m. [Not Auricula
subcylindrica Philippi, 1844 from the Oligocene of Germany,
which has several synonyms. Some of these are classified as
Symola, others as Turbonilla].

subdelia Saurin, 1959, Turbonilla, p. 260, pl. 5, fig. 23. Recent,
Nhatrang, Viet Nam. Described from a single specimen.

subemarginata de Folin, 1879, Chemnitzia, p. 237, pl. 6, fig. 3.
Recent, Andaman Islands. See also Kisch, 1959, p. 107.

subfusca Ludbrook, 1941, Turbonilla, p. 93, pl. 5, fig. 7. Pliocene of
Adelaide, Australia.

subglabra Odhner, 1919, Pyramidella (Elusa), p. 16, pl. 1, fig. 9.
Recent, Madagascar.

subglobosa Turton, 1932, Turbonilla, p. 96, pl. 21, fig. 699. Recent,
Port Alfred, South Africa.

subplanicosta Yokoyama, 1927, Turbonilla (Pyrgolampros) p. 425,
pl. 47, fig. 23. Pleistocene of Oji, Japan.

subulata Clessin, 1900, Turbonilla, p. 167, pl. 29, fig. 4. Recent,
Amboina, Indonesia. [Not Turbonilla subulata Holmes, 1860
(1859), p. 85, pl. 13, figs. 8a, b. Pliocene of North Carolina;
nor Turbonilla subulata Sandberger, 1861, p. 172, pl. 15,
figs. 4, 4a. Oligocene, Germany; nor Turbonilla subulata S. V.
Wood, 1842, nomen nudum, Pliocene Gr. Britain; nor
Pyramidella subulata Merian, 1851 [in] A. Braun, p. 1123; nor
Chemnitzia subulata C. B. Adams, 1850, p. 73, no figure,
Jamaica, see also Clench and Turner, 1950, p. 346; nor
Pyramidella subulata A. Adams, 1855, see there].

subulata A. Adams, 1855, Pyramidella, p. 177, pl. 20, fig. 6. Recent,
Luzon, Philippines. Probably not turbonillid and usually
classified as E/usa or Tropaeas. A synonym is Tropaeas
imperforata Laseron, 1959, p. 194. figs 27-30, Recent,
Australia.

sulcata Laseron, 1959, Exesilla, p. 216, figs. 94-95. Recent, Port
Curtis, North Australia; type of Exesilla, Laseron, 1959. [Not
turbonilla sulcata de Folin 18.., pl. 9, fig. 10, Fonds de la Mer,

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TEXAS CONCHOLOGIST Vol. XXXIV No. 2, March, 1998

Vol. |. Recent, Senegal. See also Kisch, 1959, p. 104; nor
Turbonilla sulcata Briart and Cornet, 1877, p. 42, pl. 16,
figs. 3a-c, which may be an Oninella. Paleocene of Mons,
Belgium. (See also Glibert, 1973, p. 88); nor Turbonilla sulcata
Edwards, 1891, (in Newton, 1891, Eocene of Gr. Britain)].

sultana Thiele, 1925, Turbonilla, p. 157, pl. 16, figs. 2, 2a. Recent, off
East Africa in 693 m.

sumatrensis Clessin, 1900, Dunkena, p. 207, pl. 36, fig. 4. Recent,
Benkoelen, Sumatra.

supramirabilis Nomura, 1938, Turbonilla (Turbonilla), p. 65, pl. 10,
figs. 78a, b. Recent, Japan.

supramisella Nomura, 1938, Turbonilla (Ptycheulimella) misella....
See misella Yokoyama, 1922. Not turbonillid.

suzanna Thiele, 1925, Turbonilla, p. 164, pl. 17, figs. 3, 3a. Recent,
station, 193.

suteri Powell, 1926, Turbonilla, p. 47, pl. 5, figs. 4, 5. Recent,
New Zealand.

sycophanta Laws, 1937, Chemnitzia, p. 69, pl. 14, figs. 21 and 23.
Tertiary of Clifden, New Zealand.

sykesi Melvill, 1910, Turbonilla, p. 190, pl. 5, fig. 9. Recent, Gulf of
Oman at 156 fms.

symoliformis Nomura, 1938, Turbonilla (Ptycheulimella), p. 52, pl. 10,
figs. 78a, b. Recent, Kamakura, Japan. Not turbonillid.

tabulae Saurin, 1961, Pyrgiscilla, p. 260, pl. 5, fig. 8. Recent,
Gulf of Thailand.

taeniata de Folin, 1879, Turbonilla, p. 239, pl. 6, fig. 6. Recent,
Andaman Islands, See also Kisch, 1959, p. 104.

tahuensis Laws, 1937, Turbonilla, p. 412, pl. 32, fig. 10. Tertiary of
New Zealand. Used as a manuscript name by Allan, 1927,
p. 291.

taiaroa Laws, 1937, Strioturbonilla, p. 170, pl. 34, figs. 10 and 12.
Recent, off Otago Heads, New Zealand in 72 fms.

tairyoensis Nomura, 1938, Turbonilla s.s., p. 115, pl. 22, fig. 26.
Pliocene of Taiwan.

tantilla Hornung and Mermod, 1924, Turbonilla, p. 306, text figure 23.
Recent, Massaua, Red Sea. The variety megaembryo
Hornung and Mermod, 1924, p. 307, text figure 24 was
described from the same location.

tasmanica Tenison Woods, 1875, Turbonilla, p. 145. Recent, Bass
Straits, Tasmania. There are several synonyms: Chemnitzia
beddomei Petterd, 1884, p. 136, no figure. Recent, northwest
coast of Tasmania; Turbonilla crenulifera Tate, 1890, p. 126,

if

TEXAS CONCHOLOGIST Vol. XXXIV No. 2, March, 1998

pl. 1, fig. 2, Recent, Streaky and Fowler, Great Australian
Bight; also Turbonilla scalarina Brazier, 1894, p. 170, pl. 14,
fig. 5, Recent, Sydney, Australia.

tateyamaensis Nomura, 1938, Turbonilla (Pyrgiscus), p. 84, pl. 15,
figs. 127a, b. Pleistocene of Numa, Japan.

tauranga Laws, 1937, Striarcana, p. 180, figs. 22 and 27. Recent,
Pilot Bay, New Zealand.

tayaensis Nomura and Hatai, 1939, Turbonilla, p. 61, figs. 5a, b.
Miocene of Taya, Japan.

taylor Hedley, 1909, Turbonilla (Nisiturris), p. 449, pl. 42,
figs. 76 and 77. Recent, Hope Islands, Queensland in 5-10
fms. [Not Turbonilla (Pyrgolampros) taylori Dall and
Bartsch, 1907, p. 499, pl. 44, figs. 9, 9a. Recent, Departure
Bay, British Columbia, of which a synonym is Pyrgolampros
idae Oldroyd, 1925, Pleistocene of San Pedro, California].

tefunta Bartsch, 1915, Turbonilla (Pyrgiscus), p. 80, pl. 15, fig. 2.
Recent, Port Alfred, South Africa. A synonym is Turbonilla
sculpturata Turton, 1932, p. 95, pl. 21, fig. 675. Recent,
Port Alfred, South Africa. Also similar (Synonym?) is
Turbonilla (Pyrgiscus) tritonia Bartsch, 1915. See there.

teganumana Yokoyama, 1922, Turbonilla (Chemnitzia), p. 103, pl. 4,
fig. 40. Pleistocene of Japan.

tegulata Sowerby, 1892, Turbonilla, p. 25, pl. 2, fig. 38. Recent,
Port Elisabeth, South Africa. Possible synonyms are:
Turbonilla olga Thiele, 1925, p. 165, pl. 17, fig. 7. Recent,
Simonstown, South Africa and Turbonilla sophia Thiele, 1925,
p. 164, pl. 17, fig. 6. Recent, Simonstown, South Africa.

templans Melvill, 1898, Turbonilla (Pyrgostelis), p. 23, pl. 1, fig. 6.
Recent, Karachi, Pakistan.

tenuicosta |ssel, 1869, Turbonilla, p. 174, pl. 1, fig. 16. Recent, Suez,
Red Sea.

tenuis Turton, 1932, Turbonilla, p. 94, pl. 21, fig. 687, Recent, Port
Alfred. This possibly is the same as Turbonilla producta Turton,
1932, and Turbonilla perexilis Turton, 1932, and Turbonilla
argentea Sowerby, 1892, all from South Africa. [Not
Turbonilla tenuis Pallary, 1904, p. 238, pl. 7, fig. 19. Recent,
Sfax, Tunisia, nor Turbonilla evoluta var. tenuis von Koenen,
1891, p. 627, pl. 43, figs. 14a, b, from the Oligocene of
Germany].

tenuissima Hedley, 1909, Turbonilla, p. 450, pl. 42, fig. 8. Recent,
Hope Islands, Queensland. [Not Chemnitzia tenuissima
Etheridge and Bell m:s. (in) A. Bell, 1898, pl. 12, fig. 148,

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TEXAS CONCHOLOGIST Vol. XXXIV No. 2, March, 1998

from the Pliocene of South England. Harmer, 1920, p. 571,
pl. 49, fig. 42 is the valid author of that species.

tenuistriata Sowerby, 1894, Turbonilla, p. 157, pl. 12, fig. 10. Recent,
Hong, Kong, fide Yen, 1942, p. 221, pl. 20, fig. 135.

terebra Dunker, 1860, Turbonilla, p. 239, no figure. Recent, Japan.
Habe, 1964 lists it as Paracingulina, hence not turbonillid.
[Not Turbonilla terebra A. Adams, 1861, p. 297, no figure.
Recent, Hulu Bay, China, fide Yen, 1942, p. 221].

terebnformis Eames, 1951, Turbonilla (Terebromilla), p. 2 and 60,
pl. 3, fig. 70. See corgani Eames, 1968. [Not Turbonilla
terebriformis Smith, 1890, non vidi. See Eames, 1968, p. 167.
Nor terebraeformis Meneghini, non vidi, but see Sacco, 1892,
p. 88, (Pyrgolampros).

terebrina Melvill, 1896, Turbonilla, p. 115, pl. 8, fig. 20. Recent,
Bombay, India.

teres A. Adams, 1861 Elusa, p. 297, no figure. Recent, Hulu Shan
Bay, China. [Not Wajkura teres, Marwick, 1965].

teres Marwick, 1965. Waikura, p. 47, pl. 10, fig. 11. Tertiary of New
Zealand. [Not E/usa teres A. Adams, 1861].

textus de Folin, 1879, Stylopsis, p. 245, pl. 7 bis, fig. 5. Recent,
Andaman Islands.

thaanumi Pilsbry and Vanatta, 1908, p. 58, fig. 3. Recent, Hilo, Hawaii.

thachi Saurin, 1959, Chemnitzia, p. 263, pl. 7, fig. 6. Recent,
Nhatrang, Viet Nam. Described from a single specimen.

theresa Thiele, 1925, Turbonilla, p. 326, pl. 15, fig. 33. Recent,
off Padang, Sumatra.

thornleyana Laseron, 1951, Turbonilla, p. 320, fig. 74. Recent, Gulf of
Oman at 40 fms.

thryallis Melvill, 1918, Turbonilla, p. 144, pl. 4, fig. 14. Recent, Gulf of
Oman, Charbar, 40. fms. This could be the same as
Amamimormula torreseana Laseron, 1959.

thuanae Saurin, 1959, Pyrgiscilla p. 271, pl. 9, fig. 4. Recent,
Nhatrang, Viet Nam.

tiara May, 1911, Turbonilla, non vidi. See May, 1921, p. 100, #976
and also May and McPherson, 1958, pl. 45, fig. 1. Isa
Pyrgiscilla.

tiganourana Nomura, 1936, Turbonilla (Dunkena), p. 92, pl. 12,
figs. 98a, b. Recent, Siogama Bay, Japan.

tikkoensis Nomura, 1936, Turbonilla (Turbonilla), p. 54, pl. 6,
figs. 50a, b. See sematana Yokoyama, 1922.

tincta Sowerby, 1900, Turbonilla, p. 5, pl. 1, fig. 15. Recent,
South Africa.

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TEXAS CONCHOLOGIST Vol. XXXIV No. 2, March, 1998

tobisimensis Nomura, 1938, Turbonilla (Pyrgiscus), p. 24, pl. 3,
figs. 28a, b. See philippiana Dunker, 1860.

tokaidoensis Nomura, 1939, Turbonilla, p. 135, pl. 9, fig. 14. Pliocene
of Tonbe, Japan.

tokunagai, Yokoyama, 1920, Turbonilla (Mormula), p. 84, pl. 5, fig. 18.
See aulica Dall and Bartsch, 1906.

tonbensis Nomura, 1939, Turbonilla, p. 138, pl. 9, fig. 3. Pliocene of
Tonbe, Japan.

tonegawana Nomura, 1938, Turbonilla (Pyrgiscus), p. 83, pl. 14,
figs. 115a, b. Recent, Hossaka Prefecture, Japan.

torques Marwick, 1931, Waikura, p. 109, pl. 11, figs. 212 and 213.
Oligocene (Hutchinsonian), New Zealand.

torresiana Laseron, 1959, Amamimormula, p. 245, figs. 192 and 193.
See belonis Melvill and Standen, 1896.

tosana Nomura, 1937, Turbonilla, p. 84, pl. 6, figs. 17a, b. See
imbana Yokoyama, 1922.

townsendi Melvill, 1910, Turbonilla, p. 191, pl. 5, fig. 11. Recent,
Gulf of Oman. May be a Bartrumelila.

trachealis Gould, 1861, Chemnitzia, p. 407. Recent, Simon's Bay,
South Africa. Not turbonillid, but in sub genus Polyspirella
(=Cingulina). Synonyms are Turbonilla acutilirata Sowerby,
1892, p. 27, pl. 1, fig. 32, Recent, Port Alfred, South Africa
and Turbonilla trochlearis "Gould" Sowerby, 1897, (appendix),
which is an error for trachealis.

triarata Pilsbry, 1905, Turbonilla (Cingulina), p. 31, pl. 5, fig. 48. See
japonica Clessin, 1900.

tribulationis, Hedley, 1909, Turbonilla, p. 450, pl. 42, figs. 79, 80.
Recent, Hope Islands, Queensland. Made type of Zaphella
Laseron, 1959. (Asmunda?).

triineata A. Adams, 1855, Chemnitzia, p. 180, no figure. Recent,
Ceylon (Sri Lanka), deep water.

trinquien Saurin, 1959, Chemnitzia, p. 265, pl. 7, fig. 4. Recent,
Nhatrang Viet Nam. Described from a single specimen.

tritonia Bartsch, 1915, Turbonilla (Pyrgiscus), p. 79, pl. 19, fig. 4.
Recent, Port Alfred, South Africa.

trochleanis "Gould" Sowerby, 1897, Turbonilla, appendix, p. 14.
Error for trachealis Gould, 1861. See there.

tropica Laseron, 1959, Zaphelila, p. 243, fig. 185. Recent, Endeavour
Reef, Australia, in 20 fms.

truncatula Boettger, 1896, Turbonilla, p. 95. Recent,
Manila, Philippines. Later only listed, never reported.

tuberculosa Nomura, 1939, Turbonilla s.s., p. 137, pl. 9, fig. 48.

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TEXAS CONCHOLOGIST Vol. XXXIV No. 2, March, 1998

Hosoya Pliocene, Japan. See also Hatai and Nisiyama,
1952, p. 262.

tubutubus Nomura, 1939, Chrysallida, p. 146, pl. 9, fig. 32.
Pleistocene, Japan. Possibly a Mormula of the Rissoina rex
or scalarina group.

tugelae Barnard, 1963, Turbonilla, p. 88, fig. 14f. Recent, off Tugela
River, Natal, in 14 fms.

tumida Saurin, 1959, Chemnitzia (Nisiturris), p. 265, pl. 7, fig. 3.
Recent, Nhatrang, Viet Nam. Described from a single
specimen.

tumidula de Folin, 18.., Turbonilla, Fonds de la Mer, Il, pl. 9, fig. 3.
Recent, Mauritius, fide Kisch, 1959, p. 105.

tutamoensis Laws, 1937, Mormula, p. 177, pl. 35, figs. 21 and 28.
Tertiary (Awamoan), New Zealand.

typica Laseron, 1959, Zaphella, p. 243, p. 185. Recent in 20 fms. off
Endeavour Reef, Australia. [Not Turbonilla typica Dall and
Bartsch, 1903 (in) Arnold, p. 269. New name for Turbonilla
plicatula Risso, 1826, non Brocchi, 1813. Made by Dall and
Bartsch, the type of the genus Turbonilla].

ultralaeta Nomura, 1936, Turbonilla (Sulcoturbonilla),p. 92, pl. 9,
figs. 70a, b. Japan.

umbrina Melvill, 1918, Turbonilla, p. 145, pl. 4, fig. 11. Recent,
Karachi, Pakistan.

unemotoi Nomura, 1938, Turbonilla (Pyrgiscus), p. 23, pl. 1,
figs. 10a, b. Recent, Tobosima, Japan.

unicincta Melvill, 1910, Turbonilla, 1892, p. 192, pl. 5, fig. 12.
Recent, Mekran coast, off Charbar in 40 fms.

ursula Thiele, 1925, Turbonilla, p. 323, pl. 17, fig. 25. Recent,
off Padang, Sumatra.

validissima Nomura, 1937, Turbonilla (Pyrgiscus), p. 69, pl. 7,
figs. 34a, b. See philippiana Dunker, 1860.

vallata Melvill, 1912, Turbonilla (Nisiturris), p. 248, pl. 11, fig. 7.
Recent, Kuwait, Persian Gulf at 10 fms.

vana Laseron, 1951, Chemnitzia, p. 321, fig. 57. Recent, Port
Jackson, New South Wales in 6-9 fms.

vanae, Saurin, 1959, Chemnitzia, p. 262, pl. 7, fig. 2. Recent,
Nhatrang, Viet Nam.

vanien Saurin, 1959, Pyrgiscus, pl. 267, pl. 8, fig. 14. Recent,
Nhatrang, Viet Nam. Described from a single specimen.

varicifera Tate, 1898, Turbonilla, p. 85, pl. 4, fig. 7. Recent,
Gulf of St. Vincent, Australia in deep water. [Not Turbonilla
vanicifera Pilsbry, 1901. That name was replaced by Turbonilla
(Mormula) scrobiculata Yokoyama, 1922. See there].

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TEXAS CONCHOLOGIST Vol. XXXIV No. 2, March, 1998

vanicifera Pilsbry, 1901, Turbonilla, pp. 198 and 395, pl. 21, fig. 27.
See scrobiculata Yokoyama, 1922.

varicosa A. Adams, 1855, Chemnitzia, p. 181, pl. 20, fig. 15.
see comelliana Newcomb, 1870.

varicosa Dunker, 1860, Turbonilla, p. 239, Recent, Japan. See aulica
Dall and Bartsch, 1906.

vegrandis Laws, 1937 Chemnitzia, p. 59, pl. 13, fig. 21. Recent,
Dunedin Harbour, New Zealand, in 3 fms.

velaini Tryon, 1866 Turbonilla, p. 336 pl. 75, fig. 99. Replacement
name for Turbonilla scalaris Velain, 1878, non Philippi, 1836,
nec Martin, 1884. See there.

venusta Issel, 1869, Turbonilla, pp. 175 and 334. See pl. 3, fig. 34 in
Savigny, 1826.

venustas Laws, 1940, Evelynella, p. 153, pl. 14, fig. 19. Tertiary
(Awamoan), New Zealand. This is the type of Evelynella
Laws, 1940.

venustula A. Adams, 1860, Turbonilla, p. 418. Recent, Chosan
Harbour, Korea.

verecunda Laws, 1937, Chemnitzia, p. 55, pl. 13, fig. 6. Recent, off
Takapuna, New Zealand in 3-4 fms.

veronica Thiele, 1925, Turbonilla, p. 322, figs. 21, 21a. Recent,
off Padang, Sumatra.

vigilia Laws, 1937, Chemnitzia, p. 63, pl. 13, fig. 4. Recent, Great
Barrier Island, Australia.

vincula Laseron, 1959, Zaphella, p. 244, figs. 190-191. Recent,
Albany Passage, North Australia.

vinhi Saurin, 1959, Turbonilla, p. 260, pl. 6, fig. 24. Recent,
Nhatrang, Viet Nam. Described from a single specimen.

vitiensis Pilsbry, 1918, Turbonilla (Lancella), p. 316, pl. 22, fig. 4.
See aulica Dall and Bartsch, 1906.

vitrea Laseron, 1959, Turbonilla, p. 234, fig. 144. Recent, Albany
Passage, North Australia in 4-14 fms. [Not Turbonilla vitrea
Leach (year unknown to me.) but in Leach, 1852, fig. 167,
described from the Devon Coast of Britain. Cited by
Pfeiffer, 1850, p. 59 and Chenu, 1846, p. 143, pl. 4, fig. 37.
(non vidi)].

vittata de Folin, 1879, Turbonilla, Vol. 3, p. 239, pl. 6, fig. 7. Recent,
Andaman Islands. See Kisch, 1959, p. 105.

vixcostata Ludbrook, 1941, Turbonilla, p. 92, pl. 5, fig. 6. Pliocene of
Adelaide, Australia. See also Ludbrook, 1957, p. 47.
Turbonilla (Pyrgolampros).

viadivostokensis Bartsch, 1929, Turbonilla (Pyrgolampros), p. 135,
pl. 4, fig. 2. See rufofasciata Smith, 1875.

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TEXAS CONCHOLOGIST Vol. XXXIV No. 2, March, 1998

waiauica Laws, 1937, Finlayola, p. 313, pl. 44, fig. 16. Tertiary
(Awamoan), New Zealand.

waikura Marwick, 1931, Turbonilla, p. 107, pl. 11, fig. 203. Oliocene
(Hutchinsonian), New Zealand.

waitemata Laws, 1937, Chemnitzia, p. 67 and 58, pl. 13, fig. 19.
Recent, Takapuna Beach, Auckland, New Zealand.

wangwana Nomura, 1938, Turbonilla (Pyrgiscus), p. 117, pl. 22, fig.
24. Pliocene of Wangwa, Taiwan.

weeahensis Chapman and Gabriel, 1913, Turbonilla, p. 320, pl. 28,
figs. 27a, b. Tertiary of Victoria, Australia.

whitechurchi Turton, 1932, Turbonilla, p. 95, pl. 21, fig. 694, Port
Alfred, South Africa.

widningae Ludbrook, 1957, Turbonilla (Chemnitzia), p. 46, pl. 3,
figs 14, 15. Pliocene, Adelaide, Australia.

woodmasoni de Folin, 1879, Fonds de la Mer, Vol. 3, p. 240, pl. 6,
fig. 8. Recent, Andaman Islands. See Kisch, 1959, p. 105.

wurongae Ludbrook, 1957, Turbonilla (Chemnitzia), p. 44, pl. 3,
fig. 12. Pliocene of Adelaide, Australia.

xenophyes Melvill and Standen, 1912, Turbonilla, p. 353, figs. 16, 16a.
Birdwood Bank, south of Falkland Islands. Placed here
because circum Antarctic species are placed with Indo-Pacific
material.

yabei Nomura, 1939, Turbonilla (Ptycheulimella), p. 139, pl. 9, fig. 42.
Pliocene of Shibikawa, Japan. Not turbonillid. A possible
synonym is Turbonilla (Ptycheulimella) natukawaensis Nomura,
1939, pl. 9, fig. 2.

yanamii Yokoyama, 1926, Turbonilla (Pyrgiscus), p. 280, pl. 35, fig. 4.
Sawane Pliocene, Japan. Not turbonillid but Tachyrhynchus.

yokoyamai Makiyama, 1927, Turbonilla (Strioturbonilla), p. 131, pl. 6,
fig. 11. Dainichi, Pliocene, Japan.

yoritomoi Nomura, 1938, Turbonilla (Pyrgiscus), p. 54, pl. 9,
figs. 75a, b. Recent, Kamakura, Japan.

yotokurensis Nomura, 1938, Turbonilla (Pyrgiscus), p. 23. pl. 1,
figs. 2a, b. Recent, Yotokura, Japan.

yvonnae Saurin, 1959, Pyrgiscilla, p. 272, pl. 9, fig. 20. Recent,
Nhatrang, Viet Nam. Described from a single specimen.

zamboangoensis Baker and Spicer, 1930, Turbonilla (Strioturbonilla),
p. 176, pl. 19, fig. 2. Recent, off the coast of Zamboanga,
Philippines in 4 fms.

zealandica Hutton, 1873, Chemnitzia, p. 22. Recent, Stewart Island,
New Zealand. A form of it is Chemnitzia zelandica axivanians

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TEXAS CONCHOLOGIST Vol. XXXIV No. 2, March, 1998

Laws, 1937 p. 61. Recent, Lyall Bay, Wellington, New Zealand;
zelandica is the spelling used by Laws, 1937 and Finlay, 1928.
A synonym is Turbonilla neozelanica Hutton, 1885, p. 934 and
1893 (non vidi), Tryon, 1886, p. 334 spells erroneously
“neozelandica"

zenobia Bartsch, 1915, Turbonilla, p. 79, pl. 16, fig. 6. Recent,
Port Alfred, South Africa.

zetemia Melvill, 1910, Turbonilla, p. 192, pl. 5, fig. 13. See eminuta
de Folin, 1879.

z-satoi Nomura, 1936, Turbonilla (Turbonilla), p. 59, pl. 8, figs. 61a, b.
Recent, Siogama Bay, Japan.

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TEXAS CONCHOLOGIST Vol. XXXIV No. 2, March, 1998

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HOUSTON CONCHOLOGY SOCIETY, INC.

Officers

1997-1998
President: Constance E. Boone
Program Vice President: Mary Martin
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Co-Editor, Texas Conchologist Darwin G. Alder

Honorary Life Members
Constance E. Boone Dr. Helmer Odé

Dr. John |. McHenry

TEXAS CONCHOLOGIST Vol. XXXIV No.2, MARCH, 1998 Mies

Table of Contents _ i re

Indo Pacific Taxa of Turbonillids, excluding thc
Americas. | en
by Dr. Helmer Od6..........csssessseseeseees

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