sie

CONC

a a:
4

7a VOLUME IX, NO. 1 A 1976 SEPTEMBER 1972

NOTES CONCERNING TEXAS BEACH SHELLS

HelmbPowe er Po ‘i Mrs. Fos a ee

SUPERFAMILY PYRAMIDELLACEA, PART II. THE ODOSTOMIID GENERA AND
THE GENUS LONGCHAEUS.

1. INTRODUCTION.

IN THIS PART OF OUR PRESENTATION OF TEXAS PYRAMIDELLIDS WE WILL TREAT THE
GENERA USUALLY DESIGNATED UNDER THE GENUS NAME ODOSTOMIA, AND THE GENUS
LONGCHAEUS,, WHICH 1S THE ONLY TRUE PYRAMIDELLID GENUS OF THE TEXAS BEACHES.

THE ENORMOUS COMPLEX OF LITTLE STUDIED SMALL GASTROPODS KNOWN AS ODOSTO-
MIAS HAS MANY SPECIES IN TEXAS WHICH ARE DIFFICULT TO IDENTIFY. IN BEACHDRIFT
THEY ARE COMMON BOTH IN NUMBER OF SPECIES AS WELL AS IN SPECIMENS. ONE OF
THE DIFFICULTIES IN THE IDENTIFICATION OF THESE SHELLS HAS BEEN THE UNFORTU-
NATE USE OF THE SINGLE CATCHALL GENERIC DESIGNATION "ODOSTOMIA" FOR A GREAT
NUMBER OF UNDOUBTEDLY SEPARATE GENERA. WE HAVE DECIDED HERE TO USE SOME
OF THE SUBGENERIC NAMES FOUND IN VARIOUS PUBLICATIONS AS FULL GENERIC DESIG—
NATION FOR THE PURPOSE TO BRING OUT THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN VARIOUS SPECIES
IN THE CLEAREST POSSIBLE WAY. OUR CHOICE OF SOME TAXA MAY NOT ALWAYS BE
JUSTIFIED BY THE RULES OF NOMENCLATURE.

TEXAS BEACH MATERIAL CAN BE DIVIDED IN ESSENTIALLY THREE MAIN GROUPS. THESE
ARE:

1. HEAVY, SOMEWHAT CHALKY FORMS, USUALLY WITH STRONG SURFACE SCULPTURE ,

AND IN POSSESSION OF A STRONG COLUMELLAR TOOTH.
MENESTHO, MIRAL DA, FARGOA.

2. SOMEWHAT LESS STRONGLY BUILT SHELLS, WITH HARDLY ANY*VISIBLE SURFACE
SCULPTURE , OFTEN QUITE VARIABLE IN FORM, AND SOMETIMES WITH REDUCED
COLUMELLAR PLICA.

EULIMASTOMA, EVALEA, ODOSTOMIA

3. GLASSY, LIGHT TO DARK BROWN SHELLS, WITH A COLUMELLAR FOLD RATHER

THAN A TOOTH.
SAYELLA

IN ADDITION , THERE ARE A FEW SPECIES WHOSE PLACE IN THIS SIMPLE ARRANGEMENT
1S QUESTIONABLE.

THE MENESTHO-COMPLEX OF SPECIES IS WIDESPREAD ALONG THE TEXAS COAST. IT IS
REMARKABLE THAT AT LEAST IN TEXAS, SPECIES IN THIS GROUP APPEAR TO PREFER A
DIFFERENT ECOLOGY THAN SPECIES IN THE GENUS EULIMASTOMA, WHEREAS ALL SPECIES
OF EULIMASTOMA EXCEPT ONE ARE BAY DWELLERS PREFERRING AN ENVIRONMENT OF

PAGE 1

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VARIABLE, OFTEN LOW, SALINITY, THE SPECIES OF THE MENESTHO COMPLEX IN TEXAS
LIVE IN THE MORE SALINE BAYS AND IN THE OPEN SEA. IT 1S NOT IMPOSSIBLE THAT THE
SEVERAL TEXAS EULIMASTOMA SPECIES DERIVE FROM A PARENT STOCK CLOSE TO THE
SINGLE EULIMASTOMA SPECIES WHICH IS WIDESPREAD OVER THE SHALLOW SHELF.

IT 1S POSSIBLE THAT OUR DEFINITION OF THE MENESTHO COMPLEX, AS INTERPRETED
HERE, IS TOO WIDE. A NUMBER OF SMALL, BARRELSHAPED SPECIES, OF WHICH
FARGOA ONLY OCCURS ON THE BEACH, MAY CONSTITUTE A SEPARATE GROUP. FOR
SIMPLICITY WE HAVE ALIGNED THIS GENUS WITH MENESTHO,

MENESTHO ON ONE HAND AND CHRYSALLIDA, AT LEAST WHEN DEFINED BY A SPECIES
SUCH AS C, SEMINUDA, ON THE OTHER, ARE SO CLOSE, THAT WE CONSIDER THE GEN=
ERIC STATUS OF CHRYSALLIDA QUESTIONABLE. HOWEVER, IF CHRYSALLIDA SHOULD BE
DEFINED BY A SPECIES SUCH AS C, DECUSSATA MONTAGU OF THE NORTH SEA, WE
WOULD CONSIDER IT A VALID GENUS. FOR THE TIME BEING WE WILL THEREFORE RANK

CHRYSALLIDA MERELY AS A SUBGENUS OF MENESTHO AND ASSUME THAT C, DECUSSATA

MONT. , IS INCORRECTLY DESIGNATED AS A CHRYSALLIDA. SIMILARLY THE OFFSHORE
WIDESPREAD CINGULINA BABYLONIA IS IN OUR OPINION MERELY A MENESTHO AND WE
HAVE TREATED IT AS SUCH.

DIFFERENT, BUT CLOSELY RELATED, IS THE GENUS MIRALDA, ONLY ONE SPECIES OF
WHICH INVADES THE BAYS, BUT OF WHICH SEVERAL SPECIES LIVE OFFSHORE. PERIS—
TICHIA MAY HAVE AFFINITIES WITH MIRALDA OR MATHILDA, BUT WE DO NOT BELIEVE
THAT IT IS CLOSE TO TURBONILLA.

THE GENUS _ EULIMASTOMA FORMS THE MOST DIVERSE GROUP OF SPECIES ON THE TEXAS

PAGE 2

Figure 1 Figure 2
Menestho impressa Say, 1821 - Alive, South Padre Menestho impressa Say, 1821, resembling trifida
Island * 4.68 mm. © March 1, 1965. Aransas Pass Causeway « 2.56 mm. = March 11,
1957.

COAST. THIS GROUP PRESENTS SERIOUS DIFFICULTIES IN IDENTIFICATION BECAUSE ,
ALTHOUGH AS A GROUP IT IS WELL DEFINED, THE SEVERAL SPECIES DISPLAY AN EX-
TRAORDINARY RANGE OF VARIATION IN SHELL MORPHOLOGY. IN THE SAME POPULATION
ONE MAY FIND UMBILICATED AND NON UMBILICATED SHELLS, SPECIMENS WITH KEEL=

ED OR WITH ROUNDED PERIPHERY, OR SHELLS WITH A STRONGLY NOTCHED OR WITH A
SMOOTH SUTURE.

JUVENILE MATERIAL IS OFTEN INDISTINGUISHABLE , BECAUSE THE SPECIFIC CHARACTERS
MANIFEST THEMSELVES MOST STRONGLY IN THE LATER STAGES OF GROWTH. THE TEXAS
SPECIES LISTED BY US ARE BASED ON FULLY GROWN MATERIAL, OFTEN COLLECTED ALIVE.

TRUE ODOSTOMIAS IN TEXAS ARE VERY LIMITED IN NUMBERS. THERE IS ONLY A SINGLE
WIDESPREAD SPECIES WHICH WE HAVE VENTURED TO DESIGNATE AS ODOSTOMIA GIBBOSA
BUSH, 1909, AND POSSIBLY A SECOND MUCH RARER ONE. SOMEWHAT IN BETWEEN EULI-—

MASTOMA AND ODOSTOMIA_ IS THE GENUS EVALEA OF WHICH IN TEXAS ONLY A_ SINGLE
SPECIES CAN BE FOUND IN BEACHDRIFT.

THE SAYELLA COMPLEX IS A PUZZLING ONE. THESE HIGHLY VARIABLE SHELLS OCCUR

PAGE 3

IN SMALL NUMBERS THROUGHOUT MOST OF THE TEXAS BAYS AND DISPLAY SUCH A RANGE
OF VARIABILITY THAT WE FIND IT IMPOSSIBLE TO MAKE RELIABLE IDENTIFICATIONS, IT
SEEMS TO US UNLIKELY THAT THE SPECIES OF THIS COMPLEX ARE CLOSELY RELATED
TO ANY OF THE PREVIOUS GROUPINGS, ALTHOUGH USUALLY THEY HAVE BEEN CLOSELY
ALLIED WITH ODOSTOMIA,

SOME ATTENTION SHOULD BE GIVEN HERE TO THE WORK OF BARTSCH ON THE PLIOCENE
ODOSTOMIID FAUNA FROM TAMPA BAY, FLORIDA, IN WHICH A HUGE NUMBER OF POORLY
DEFINED SPECIES WAS DESCRIBED. WE MENTION THESE SPECIES NOT SO MUCH BECAUSE
WE DISAGREE COMPLETELY WITH THE SPECIES CONCEPT OF BARTSCH, BUT FOR THE
REMARKABLE FACT THAT SEVERAL OF THESE FOSSIL SPECIES, WHICH TO OUR KNOWLEDGE
NEVER HAVE BEEN FOUND IN THE RECENT FLORIDA FAUNA, OCCUR IN THE FAUNA OF TEX=
AS. SEVERAL OF BARTSCH'S SPECIES HAVE BEEN COLLECTED IN BEACHDRIFT AND STILL
OTHERS, NOT DISCUSSED HERE, HAVE BEEN COLLECTED OFFSHORE GALVESTON AND FREE=
PORT.

ANOTHER RECENT STUDY OF PYRAMIDELLID SPECIES OF THE NORTHWEST GULF OF MEX=

Figure 3 Figure 4
Menestho (Chrysallida) seminuda C. B. Adams, Miralda dux Dall and Bartsch, 1906 « Indianola
1839 + Laguna Madre at Port Isabel » 3.98 mm. « 3.00 mm. + October 19, 1958.
February 27, 1965.
PAGE 4

Figure 5 Figure 6
Miralda decorata Folin, 1870 - South Padre Island Siasiella c.f. balchi Bartsch, 1955. > San Luis
at Coast Guard Station - 1.76 mm. - (very badly Pass © 2.76 mm. © February 1970.
beachworn) e February, 1970.

ICO WAS MADE BY CORGAN, WHO STUDIED MATERIAL OBTAINED FROM THE MUDLUMP
CLAY OF THE MISSISSIPPI RIVER DELTA. THIS FAUNA IS ABOUT 30,000 To 15 ,000
YEARS OLD. THE MANY TAXA ERECTED BY CORGAN FOR THIS PYRAMIDELLID MATERIAL
HAVE SO FAR NOT BEEN VALIDATED(PH. D. THESIS) AND FOR THAT REASON CANNOT BE
INCLUDED IN THIS DISCUSSION. THERE IS LITTLE DOUBT THAT MOST IF NOT ALL OF
CORGAN'S SPECIES ARE PRESENT IN THE RECENT FAUNA OF THE GULF OF MEXICO. THE
MAJORITY OF THEM IN ALL PROBABILITY ARE KNOWN AS ONE OR MORE OF THE COUNTLESS
DESCRIBED TAXA FOR THE WESTERN ATLANTIC,

BEFORE DISCUSSING THE VARIOUS GROUPS OF SPECIES IN MORE DETAIL WE WANT TO EM-
PHASIZE TWO ASPECTS OF THIS STUDY: 1) A SCHEMATIC ARRANGEMENT OF THE ODOSTO—
MIAS AS SIMPLE AS THE ONE USED FOR OUR BEACH MATERIAL IS NOT POSSIBLE WHEN
ALL OFFSHORE FORMS ARE CONSIDERED. THIS MATERIAL INVOLVES MANY OTHER GENERA
SUCH AS IOLAEA, IVARA, EVALINA, CARELIOPSIS, ETC. FOR WHICH A MORE EXTENSIVE
ARRANGEMENT HAS TO BE MADE; 2) THE PRELIMINARY NATURE OF ALL OF OUR IDENTI-
FICATIONS SHOULD BE UNDERSTOOD. THE PURPOSE OF THIS STUDY IS TO PROVIDE A
REASONABLE BASIS FOR THE DISCUSSION OF TEXAS ODOSTOMIID MATERIAL RATHER THAN

PAGE 5

TO CLARIFY TAXANOMIC DIFFICULTIES,

Il. THE MENESTHO COMPLEX.

THE GENUS MENESTHO. SPECIES OF THE MENESTHO-CHRYSALLIDA GROUP OF SPECIES
ARE WIDESPREAD IN TEXAS OFFSHORE WATERS, AND WE BELIEVE THAT A NUMBER OF AS
YET UNDESCRIBED SPECIES LIVE HERE. WE WILL NOT DISCUSS THIS MATERIAL HERE,
BUT CONFINE OUR ATTENTION TO THE BAY AND INLET FORMS, WHICH ARE ONLY THREE

IN NUMBER. IN GENERAL THE SHELLS IN THE GENUS MENESTHO HAVE A SOLID STRUC=
TURE , ARE CHALKY WHEN DEAD, BUT VITREOUS WHEN ALIVE, THE ORNAMENTATION CON=
SISTS OF WELL DEVELOPED SPIRALS, SOMETIMES AUGMENTED OR BROKEN BY RADIAL
ELEMENTS, A COLUMELLAR TOOTH IS CLEARLY VISIBLE FROM THE OUTSIDE AND THE
NUCLEUS IS SMALL AND PERCHED ON TOP OF THE POSTNUCLEAR WHORLS. WE BELIEVE
THAT THE FOLLOWING TAXA KNOWN TO US FROM THE LITERATURE ARE TRUE MENESTHO:

CHEMNITZIA BABYLONIA C. B. ADAMS, 1845, Proc. Bost. Soc. NAT. HIST. ,2,
P..6

Figure 7 Figure 8
Eulimastoma weberi Morrison, 1965 ~ Palacios Eulimastoma teres Bush, 1885. * Alive, San Luis
2.22 mm. © April 5, 1967 © Intermediate form which Pass + Nov., 1969 « 4.28 mm. + Contains yellow
is most common in Galveston Bay populations. operculum and shows spiral striae.

The species can be recognized by concave outline
of whorls.

PAGE 6

Figure 9 Figure 10

Eulimastoma teres Bush, 1885 » San Luis Pass = Eulimastoma engonia Bush =teres Bush, 1885 =
November, 1969 « 5.68 mm. - Large, openly ume Galveston West Beach - Aug. 2, 1964 © 4.60 mm. »
bilicated form. Shells up to 7 mm. can be collece Widely umbilicated, Broader and rounder than E.
ted rarely. teres Bush but is merely a form,

ODOSTOMIA (MENESTHO) BEAUFORTI JACOT, 1921. JOURN. ELISHA MITCHELL Scl.
Sec., VO, 36, P, 139.

TURRITELLA BISUTURALIS SAY, 1821. JOURN. ACAD. NAT. SclI. PHILA. , VOL. 2,
P. 244, i

ODOSTOMIA (MENESTHO) BISUTURALIS OVILENSIS BARTSCH, 1909. Proc. BosT.
Soc. NAT. Hist. , Vor. 34(4).

MENESTHO BRUNERI VERRILL, 1882. TRANS. CONN. Ac. ARTS Scl,., VOL. 5, P. 539,

ODOSTOMIA (CHRYSALLIDA ) BUSHIANA BARTSCH, 1909. Proc. Bost. Soc. NAT,
Sci.i, Vou, .34(4);, p.-99, Pe. 13. FIG. 44,

ODOSTOMIA GEMMULOSA C. B. ADAMS, 1850. CONTR. CON. 7, P. 109. Occ. PAP.
MoOGEI VOE. We PS-286.. PE.. 40. FIGs 1

TURRITELLA IMPRESSA SAY, 1821. JOURN. ACAD. NAT. Sci. , PHILA. , VOL. 2,
P, 244,

ODOSTOMIA INSCULPTA DE KAy, 1847. MoL.L. N. Y., P. 115, PL. 31, FIG. 297.
(1s M. TRIFIDA TOTTEN).

ODOSTOMIA (CHRYSALLIDA) JADISI OLSSON AND McGInTy, 1958. BULL. 177, Am.
PAL... P.. 43, PL. 1, FIGS. 11 AND.ITA.

PAGE 7

ODOSTOMIA (MENESTHO) MORSEANA BARTSCH, 1909. Proc. Bost. Soc. NAT. HIST.,
VoL. 34 (4), Pp. 104. (NEW NAME FOR O. SULCATA VERRILL, 1880).

OpDoSsTOMIA (CHRYSALLIDA) NIOBA DALL AND BARTSCH, 1911. P.U.S.N.M., VoL.
40, (1820), P.286.

JAMINIA SEMINUDA C. B. ADAMS, 1839. Bost. JOURN. NAT. HIST. , 2, P, 280-
282, Pt. 4, FIG. 13, Occ. PAP. MoLL., Vor. 1, P. 341, PL. 41, FiGSio eee

ODOSTOMIA SEMINUDA GRANATINA DALL, 1883. P.U.S.N.M., 6, P. 331.

ODOSTOMIA SULCATA VERRILL, 1880. PrRoc. U.S.N.M., VoL. 3, P. 380 ALSo:
Tr. Conn. ACAD. ARTS Sci., VoL. 5, P. 539, PL. 58, Fic. 13.

ODOSTOMIA SULCOSA MIGHELS, 1843. (1S M, MORSEANA BARTSCH)

ODOSTOMIA (CHRYSALLIDA) TOYATANI HENDERSON AND BARTSCH 1914, P.U.S.N.M.,
Vout. 47 (2053) , Bs. 4174 Pl. 13,.F. 2;

ACTAEON TRIFIDA TOTTEN, 1834. AM. JOURN. SCI. ARTS, VOL. 26, P. 368, FIGS.
4A AND 4B,

ODOSTOMIA (MENESTHO) TRIFIDA BEDEQUENSIS BARTSCH, 1909. Proc. Bost. Soc.
NAT. Hist, , Vou. 3404), 2.106. Pls 13, Fle; 49.

ODOSTOMIA (CHRYSALLIDA) WILLIS! BARTSCH, 1909. Proc. Bost. Soc. NAT. HIST.,
VoL. 34 (4), P. 99, PL. 13, FIG. 42.

OUR LIST IS PROBABLY INCOMPLETE AND POSSIBLY ONE OR TWO TAXA MAY NOT BE TRUE
MENESTHO, MENESTHO BISUTURALIS HAS BEEN REPORTED SEVERAL TIMES FOR TEXAS
BUT DOES AS FAR AS WE KNOW NOT LIVE IN THE WESTERN GULF OF MEXICO. THE
SPECIMEN FIGURED IN ANDREWS, 1971, IS A HYDROBIID. IN TEXAS THE FOLLOWING
SPECIES: MENESTHO IMPRESSA SAY, 1821. OFTEN FOUND ALIVE ON LIVE OYSTER
SHELLS IN THE PORT ARANSAS AREA. IN GALVESTON BAY LARGELY CONFINED TO WEST
BAY , WHICH IS MORE SALINE THAN THE MAIN BODY OF WATER OF GALVESTON BAY.
NEVER FOUND ALIVE IN OFFSHORE DREDGINGS AND IN CONTRAST TO THE NEXT SPECIES
A TYPICAL BAY DWELLER. (SEE FIG. 1). ON RARE OCCASIONS SPECIMENS CAN BE
FOUND WHICH STRONGLY RESEMBLE M, TRIFIDA TOTTEN. (SEE FiG. 2). THIS SIMI-
LARITY 1S CAUSED BY A REDUCTION OF THE NUMBER OF CORDS IN THE ORNAMENTATION
OF M. IMPRESSA. BOTH _IMPRESSA AND TRIFIDA MAY BE IDENTICAL... THE NUCLEUS
1S SMALL AND IS PERCHED ON TOP OF THE POSTNUCLEAR WHORLS,

LOCALITIES: COMMON IN BEACHDRIFT ALONG THE ENTIRE TEXAS COAST, ALIVE

IN THE MORE SALINE COASTAL BAYS.
PREVIOUS REFERENCES: MoST WORKERS HAVE REPORTED THIS SPECIES,

MENESTHO (CHRYSALLIDA) SEMINUDA C. B. ADAMS, 1839. THIS QUITE VARIABLE
SPECIES IS COMMON IN BEACHDRIFT ALONG THE TEXAS COAST SOUTH OF MATAGORDA
AND IS ONLY OCCASIONALLY FOUND AT GALVESTON. (SEE FIG. 3). THE SPECIES
1S WIDESPREAD ON THE SHALLOW SHELF OFF GALVESTON AND FREEPORT AND IS FAR
LESS OUTSPOKEN A BAYDWELLER THAN M, IMPRESSA. OF NO SPECIES OF MENESTHO
HAVE SO MANY UNNECESSARY SYNONYMS BEEN CREATED (SEE F.1. BARTSCH, 1955,
WHICH HAS: PALMERAE, DALLI, GARDNERAE , COOKEI, WEBERI AND MANY OTHERS; IT
IS INCREDIBLE THAT SO MANY SIMILAR SHELLS COULD HAVE BEEN DESCRIBED UNDER SO
MANY DIFFERENT NAMES: ALSO BEAUFORTI AND TOYATANI ARE PROBABLY THIS SPECIES.
STRUCTURE OF THE NUCLEUS IS SIMILAR AS IN IMPRESSA,

LOCALITIES: UNCOMMON IN BEACHDRIFT AT GALVESTON, BUT MORE COMMON AND

ALIVE AT PorRT ARANSAS AND SOUTH PADRE ISLAND.

PREVIOUS REFERENCES: FIRST REPORTED BY HULINGS, 1955.
MENESTHO BABYLONIA C. B. ADAMS, 1845. THIS SMALL HEAVILY CORDED SPECIES

USUALLY ASSIGNED TO THE POORLY DEFINED GENUS CINGULINA, IS A TYPICAL OFF=
SHORE FORM, NEVER VENTURING INTO THE COASTAL BAYS, A SINGLE SPECIMEN WAS

PAGE 8

COLLECTED ONCE FROM BEACHDRIFT AT SOUTH PADRE ISLAND (Opf). NEVER IN LARGE
NUMBERS OFFSHORE, AND LIVING IN GENERAL IN A DEPTHRANGE BELOW 10 FMS. , SO
THAT REGULAR OCCURRENCE IN BEACHDRIFT IS PRECLUDED.

LOCALITIES: SOUTH PADRE ISLAND.

PREVIOUS REFERENCES: NONE

THE GENUS MIRALDA. KNOWN TO US FROM TEXAS INSHORE AND OFFSHORE WATERS ARE
ABOUT FIVE DIFFERENT SPECIES SOME OF WHICH ARE FROBABLY UNDESCRIBED. ONLY
TWO OF THESE HAVE BEEN FOUND IN BEACHDRIFT. MIRALDA DISPLAYS A PATTERN OF
ORNAMENTATION OF KNOBBED SPIRAL CORDS. MOREOVER AS FAR AS WE KNOW, MIRAL—
DA HAS AN IMMERSED AND NOT A PERCHED NUCLEUS. TAXA KNOWN TO US FROM THE
LITERATURE ARE:

ODOSTOMIA (MIRALDA) ABBOTTI OLSSON AND McGInTY, 1958. BULL. 177, Am. PAL.
Seeca PL. 1, FIG. 7.

ODOSTOMIA DECORATA FOLIN, 1870. SOURCE UNKNOWN TO US.

ODOSTOMIA DUX DALL. SEE WELLS AND WELLS, 1961, NAuTILUS, VoL. 74, P. 149-
157.

ODOSTOMIA (MIRALDA) HAVANENSIS PILSBRY AND AGuAyYo, 1933. NAUTILUS, VOL.
Boer), P. 118, Pr. 6, FIG. 4, SEE AtSo BULL. 177, Am. PAL..,-P. 44;
Piet, FIG. 8.

IN TEXAS THE FOLLOWING TWO SPECIES:

MIRALDA DUX DALL AND BARTSCH, 1906. IN THE PAST WE HAVE REPORTED THIS
SPECIES AS ODOSTOMIA BUSHIANA BARTSCH. ALTHOUGH BOTH SPECIES ARE PROBAB-—
LY IDENTICAL WE THINK IT IS SAFER TO REPORT THIS COMMON TEXAS BAY SPECIES
AS M, DUX INSTEAD OF M. BUSHIANA UNTIL THEIR IDENTITY CAN DEFINITELY BE ESTAB—
LISHED. (SEE FIG. 4). R. ROBERTSON HAS IDENTIFIED SOME TEXAS MATERIAL FOR
US AS O,. BUSHIANA. NOT FOUND IN OFFSHORE DREDGINGS AND CONFINED TO THE MORE
SALINE COASTAL BAYS. THE NUCLEUS IS IMMERSED AND NOT PERCHED AS IN TRUE
MENESTHO; FOR THIS REASON WE BELIEVE THIS SPECIES TO BE A MIRALDA,

LOCALITIES: IN THE MORE SALINE COASTAL BAYS ALONG THE ENTIRE TEXAS COAST.

NOT OFFSHORE.

PREVIOUS REFERENCES: NONE
MIRALDA DECORATA FOLIN, 1870. THIS SPECIES WAS FIRST DISCOVERED BY SPEERS
FROM MATERIAL FROM THE 7 1/2 FATHOM REEF OFF PoRT MANSFIELD. LATERA
BADLY WORN SPECIMEN WAS COLLECTED FROM BEACHDRIFT AT SOUTH PADRE ISLAND
(Ove). (SEE FIG. 5). IT 1S A VERY PRETTY AND ELEGANT SHELL WHICH WAS IDENTI-
FIED FOR US BY DR. H. REHDER, ACCORDING TO WHOM THIS SPECIES HAS NOT BEEN
SINCE DALL LAST REFERRED TO IT.

LOCALITIES: SOUTH PADRE ISLAND

PREVIOUS REFERENCES: NONE,

THE GENUS PERISTICHIA IS USUALLY ALLIED WITH THE TURBONILLAS. THIS APPEARS
TO US AN UNLIKELY PLACEMENT. FOR LACK OF A MORE DEFINITE PLACE WE WILL
TREAT IT TOGETHER WITH MIRALDA, PERHAPS IT SHOULD BE PLACED IN THE FAMILY
MATHILDIDAE. TWO SPECIES HAVE BEEN DESCRIBED FROM THE WESTERN ATLANTIC,
ONLY ONE OF WHICH HAS BEEN FOUND ON TEXAS BEACHES,

PERISTICHIA TORETA DALL, 1889. THIS LARGE AND SLENDER PYRAMIDELLID IS UN-
COMMONLY FOUND IN BEACHDRIFT ALONG THE ENTIRE TEXAS COAST. FAIRLY COMMON

PAGE 9

Figure 11 Figure 12

Eulimastoma harbisonae Bartsch, 1955 + Causes Eulimastoma canaliculata C. B. Adams, 1850 «
way to Padre Island at Corpus Christi - May 31, Rockport, beach along highway + 3.20 mm, « May
1957 = 2.40 mm. = Typical notched and openly 31, 1957 - Fresh specimens occasionally show
umbilicated specimen, spiral striae.

IN OFFSHORE DREDGE MATERIAL FROM THE GALVESTON—F REEPORT AREA, BUT SEL—
DOM SEEN ALIVE. FIGURED AS TURBONILLA SP. F IN ANDREWS, 1971.
LOCALITIES: OCCASIONALLY IN BEACHDRIFT ALONG THE ENTIRE TEXAS COAST.
PREVIOUS REFERENCES: NONE
1
THE GENUS FARGOA, BARTSCH ERECTED THE GENUS FARGOA FOR SOME SMALL PU=
POID SHELLS OF THE FLORIDA PLIOCENE, WHICH DIFFER CONSIDERABLY FROM MENES—
THO, WHICH IS MORE CONICAL IN OUTLINE. PROVISIONALLY WE HAVE COMBINED IT
WITH THE MENESTHO COMPLEX. IN TEXAS OFFSHORE WATERS A NUMBER OF SPECIES
HAVE BEEN FOUND, MOST OF WHICH ARE PROBABLY UNDESCRIBED. A FEW HAVE BEEN
NOTED BY CORGAN IN HIS STUDY OF THE FAUNA OF MICROMOLLUSKS OF THE MISSIS=
SIPP!| RIVER MUDLUMP CLAY. IN TEXAS ONLY A SINGLE SPECIES, OFTEN COLLECTED
ALIVE IN THE COASTAL BAYS, IS KNOWN, BUT IT IS POSSIBLE THAT AMONG OUR MATERIAL
A SECOND SPECIES OF FARGOA IS PRESENT. THE TEXAS SPECIES IS:

FARGOA DIANTHOPHILA WELLS AND WELLS, 1961. THIS IS ONE OF THE MOST UBI-
QUITOUS SPECIES LIVING ALONG THE TEXAS COAST. IT TOLERATES A WIDE RANGE OF

PAGE 10

Figure 13 Figure 14
Evalea emeryi Bartsch, 1955 = Port Aransas Causes Evalea emeryi Bartsch, 1955 - Matagorda Beach +

way = 2.56 mm. « March, 1957. 1.55 mm. = Nov. 5, 1967 ¢ Top is not broken and is

typical for species. Appears to be umbilicated.

ECOLOGICAL CONDITIONS. PLENTIFUL LIVE MATERIAL HAS BEEN COLLECTED IN THE LOW
SALINITY EAST MATAGORDA BAy, AND IT IS ALSO KNOWN ALIVE ON OYSTERS FROM
CHRISTMAS BAY AND AT PoRT ARANSAS, WHERE SALINITIES ARE MUCH HIGHER. ITS
RANGE EXTENDS TO RATHER DEEP (20 FMS.) OFFSHORE WATERS AND LOCALLY THE SPECIES
MAY BE COMMON IN DREDGE SAMPLES. DEAD AND WORN SPECIMENS ARE NOT RARE IN
BEACHDRIFT ALONG THE TEXAS COAST. LIVE SHELLS HAVE BEEN COLLECTED AMONG THE
DEAD SHELL RUBBLE SO THAT THIS SPECIES PROBABLY DOES NOT PARASITIZE OTHER
MOLLUSKS,

LOCALITIES: ALIVE IN MOST OF THE COASTAL BAYS, AND WIDESPREAD IN BEACH-

DRIFT.
PREVIOUS REFERENCES: HARRY, 1968 AND TEXAS CONCHOLOGIST, VOL. 7 (8).

NoT RELATED TO THE PREVIOUS GENERA, BUT PERHAPS CLOSER TO THE MENESTHO COM-—
PLEX THAN TO THE EULIMASTOMA COMPLEX IS THE GENUS SALASIELLA, IT IS MORE
TURBONILLID IN CHARACTER THAN ANY OTHER ODOSTOMIA AND PERHAPS SHOULD BE
TREATED WITH THE TURBONILLAS. IN TEXAS ONLY A. SINGLE SPECIES IN BEACHDRIFT ,
ALTHOUGH SEVERAL MORE ARE KNOWN FROM DREDGED MATERIAL,

PAGE 11

SALASIELLA C.F. BALCHI BARTSCH, 1955. A SINGLE SPECIMEN OF THIS OFFSHORE
UNCOMMON SPECIES WAS TAKEN ONCE FROM BEACHDRIFT AT SAN Luis Pass. (SEE
FIG. 6). THE SPECIMEN COMES CLOSEST TO THE DESCRIPTION AND FIGURE OF THIS
PLIOCENE SPECIES BY BARTSCH FROM FLORIDA AND WE HAVE TENTATIVELY IDENTIFIED
IT AS SUCH, ITS OFFSHORE RANGE IS BELOW 10 FATHOMS.

LOCALITIES: SAN LuIS PASS, GALVESTON ISLAND

PREVIOUS REFERENCES: NONE.

Ill. THE EULIMASTOMA COMPLEX.
IN THIS COMPLEX WE TREAT THE GENERA EULIMASTOMA, EVALEA AND ODOSTOMIA,

THE GENUS EULIMASTOMA, IN THIS GENUS WHICH APPEARS TO BE CHARACTERISTIC FOR
THE NORTHERN GULF OF MEXICO, WE HAVE ASSEMBLED A NUMBER OF REMARKABLY DIF=
FERENT LOOKING SPECIES. ON CLOSER INSPECTION THEY PROVE TO HAVE MANY TRAITS
IN COMMON. ALL CHARACTERIZED BY A LACK OF STRONG SURFACE SCULPTURE. SOME
SPECIES HOWEVER POSSESS WHEN COLLECTED ALIVE AND UNCORRODED BY THE ENVIRON=
MENT MICROSCOPIC IRREGULAR SPIRAL STRIATIONS. THESE STRIAE ARE MOSTLY ABSENT
IN WORN BEACH MATERIAL. THE NOTCHING OF THE SUTURE IS BROUGHT ABOUT BY THE
FACT THAT THE BODY WHORL, WHILE GROWING FORWARD, !S NOT LINED UP WITH THE
PREVIOUS ONE BUT IS APPRESSED TO IT SLIGHTLY BELOW THE KEEL ON THE PERIPHERY.
IN THE EARLY WINDINGS NOTCHING IS HARDLY PRESENT. IN E. WEBERI AND E, TERES
THE PLICA ON THE COLUMNELLA IS STRONGLY REDUCED. THIS FACT MAY SERVE TO
DISTINGUISH JUVENILE MATERIAL FROM EQUAL SIZE E, CANALICULATA,

EULIMASTOMA, A NAME WHICH WE HAVE CHOSEN MORE OR LESS AT RANDOM , WAS
INTRODUCED BY BARTSCH TO REPLACE SCALENOSTOMA. SULCORINELLA IS ANOTHER
POSSIBLE NAME FOR THIS GROUP. EULIMASTOMA COMPRISES A DIFFICULT AND LITTLE
UNDERSTOOD COMPLEX OF SPECIES, WHICH ALL POSSESS AN IMMERSED NUCLEUS,
SPECIES VARY GREATLY IN SIZE. E. TERES BUSH IS ONE OF OUR LARGEST ODOSTO-
MIAS AND E. BARTSCHI WINKLEY ONE OF OUR SMALLEST. ALL SPECIES APPEAR TO
BE HIGHLY VARIABLE IN SHELL MORPHOLOGY. IN THE SAME POPULATION SPECIMENS
MAY BE UMBILICATED AND NONUMBILICATED, SOME MAY HAVE A KEELED PERIPHERY AND
SOME A ROUNDED ONE, SOME HAVE A STRONGLY NOTCHED SUTURE , SOME AN ALMOST
SMOOTH ONE. THIS VARIABILITY WAS UNFORTUNATELY NOT APPRECIATED BY ALL EAR=
LIER WORKERS. ESPECIALLY BARTSCH HAS DESCRIBED MANY SOCALLED NEW SPECIES
IN THIS GROUP.

THAT THEY ARE ALL CLOSELY RELATED IS SHOWN BY JUVENILE MATERIAL, WHICH IS
OFTEN PRACTICALLY IMPOSSIBLE TO DIFFERENTIATE. WE DIFFER IN OPINION ABOUT
THESE SPECIES WITH THE RECENT FINDINGS OF CORGAN WHO DISCUSSED SOME CHARACTERS
OF THE GENUS EULIMASTOMA. E, WEBERI , TERES, HARBISONAE, ETC. , ARE IN SPITE
OF DIFFERENCES IN SHELL MORPHOLOGY IN MATURE SPECIMENS, BASICALLY SO CLOSE
WHEN JUVENILE THAT THEY MUST BELONG TO THE SAME SUBGENUS, ALL APPEAR DE-

RIVABLE FROM A SINGLE BASIC FORM WHICH MUST HAVE BEEN A PRECURSOR TO | CAN-
ALICULATA,

BEFORE ENUMERATING THE TEXAS SPECIES SOME MORE DISCUSSION MAY HELP TO CLARI-—
FY OUR CONCEPT OF THIS GENUS. MUCH CONFUSION WAS CREATED BY THE MANY SPECIES
DESCRIBED BY BARTSCH ABOUT WHICH ABBOTT HAS NOT WITHOUT REASON COMPLAINED
THAT IT BE PROBABLY FOREVER IMPOSSIBLE TO DETERMINE THE DISTINCTIVENESS.

UNTIL WE STARTED TO WRITE THIS STUDY WE HAD NO IDEA THAT UNEXPECTEDLY WE

WERE OFFERED THE OPPORTUNITY TO DO EXACTLY THAT. IT SHOULD BE CLEAR NOW

THAT THE COMPOSITION OF THE RECENT PYRAMIDELLID FAUNA OF TEXAS IS EXTREMELY

PAGE 12

CLOSE TO THE PLIOCENE FAUNA OF ST, PETERSBURG. BUT NOT ONLY DOES IT CON-
TAIN MANY SPECIES WHICH ARE EITHER IDENTICAL WITH OR ARE VERY CLOSE TO MANY

OF THE SPECIES DESCRIBED BY BARTSCH, ALSO ITS COMPOSITION IN GENERAL RESEMBLES
THAT OF FLORIDA PLIOCENE CLOSELY. "RELICT" SPECIES OCCUR IN THE TEXAS TURRID
AND VITRINELLID FAUNA,

ABBOTT WAS PROBABLY SOMEWHAT HASTY IN DISMISSING SEVERAL OF BARTSCH'S UN-
REALISTIC SPECIES AS MERELY VARIANTS OF THE SINGLE SPECIES ODOSTOMIA LAEVI-
GATA. CHEMNITZIA LAEVIGATA ORB. , 1842, ODOSTOMIA OVULOIDES C. B. ADAMS,
1850, ODONTOSTOMIA (SYRNOLA) CALOOSAENSIS DALL, 1892 AND_ODOSTOMIA ACU-
TIDENS PERRY AND SCHWENGEL, 1955 (NOT oF DALL 1884) MAY ALL BE THE SAME
SPECIES. IN OUR SCHEME OF CLASSIFICATION THEY ARE LISTED AS SAYELLA, THE
FOLLOWING BARTSCH, 1955, SPECIES WE CONSIDER AS SAYELLA: O, WILLCOXI,
HEILPRINI, STEPHENSONI, SCHWENGELAE , CONRADI, GUNTERI, PINELLASENSIS, BASS—
LERI, NICOLI, COOPERI, BURNSI, MATSONI, COXI, STEARNSI. THE SHELL WHICH
BARTSCH FIGURED AS ODOSTOMIA (EVALEA) CALOOSAENSIS DALL IS IN OUR OPINION
NOT THAT SPECIES, BUT IS IDENTICAL WITH ODOSTOMIA (EVALEA) EMERYI BARTSCH,
1955, WHICH IS FIGURED ON THE SAME PLATE. THIS IS A QUITE DISTINCT SPECIES
FOUND AT PorRT ARANSAS AND PorRT ISABEL, WHICH CAN BE EASILY AND CONSISTENTLY
SEPARATED FROM SPECIES OF THE SAYELLA COMPLEX. ANOTHER DISTINCT SPECIES IS
EULIMASTOMA HARBISONAE , WHICH HAS BEEN COLLECTED AT GALVESTON, PORT ARAN-
SAS AND PoRT ISABEL, SOME MATERIAL ALIVE.

A LIST OF TAXA OF EULIMASTOMA KNOWN TO US CORRESPONDS EXACTLY WITH THE TEX-—
AS SPECIES, PERHAPS WE MUST ADD:

ODOSTOMIA (CYCLODOSTOMIA) DIDYMA VERRIL AND BUSH, 1900. TRANS. CONN. ACAD.
ARTs Sci., Vor. 10.,.P. 533,.Pu. 65, FIG,.14,
PYRAMIDELLA (SULCORINELLA) CAMARA BARTSCH, 1927, P.U.S.N.M. 70, P. 1-11.

IN TEXAS THE FOLLOWING SPECIES:

EULIMASTOMA WEBERI Morrison, 1965. (Proc. BIoL. Soc. WASH., VOL. 78, P.
217-224) THIS 1S PROBABLY THE MOST COMMON ODOSTOMIID AT SAN Luis PASS.
THE SPECIES LIVES IN PROFUSION IN SHALLOW WATER IN THE LOW SALINITY AREAS
ALONG THE MAINLAND COAST OF THE BAYS, SUCH AS CHOCOLATE BAYoU AT GALVESTON
WEST BAY. IT WAS ONLY RECENTLY DESCRIBED FROM THE BAY AREAS OF LOUISIANA,
(SEE FIG. 7). VERY VARIABLE IN SHELL MORPHOLOGY, SOMETIMES ALMOST CORDED,
SOMETIMES ALMOST SMOOTH; KEELED OR ROUNDED, UMBILICATED OR NOT; SLENDER OR
STUBBY. IT IS NOT IMPOSSIBLE THAT THE VARIABILITY DISPLAYED BY THIS SPECIES
AND OTHERS LIKE E, TERES BUSH IS RELATED TO THE VARYING SALINITY OF ITS EN-
VIRONMENT. JUVENILES ARE OFTEN INSEPARABLE FROM THOSE OF THE NEXT MUCH
LARGER SPECIES, WITH WHICH IT OFTEN LIVES. NEVER IN OFFSHORE DREDGINGS.
LOCALITIES: IN BEACHDRIFT ALONG THE EASTERN TEXAS COAST AND LIVING IN THE
LOW SALINITY BAYS, RARE SOUTHWEST OF MATAGORDA,
PREVIOUS REFERENCES: REFERRED TO AT SEVERAL OCCASIONS IN THE TEXAS CON-
CHOLOGIST.

EULIMASTOMA TERES BUSH, 1885. (TRANS. CONN. ACAD. ARTS. SCI., VOL. 6,
P.467; FOR_E, ENGONIA BUSH, 1885, SEE IBID. P. 466). THIS IS ONE OF THE MOST
WIDESPREAD ODOSTOMIAS IN THE LOW SALINITY BAYS ALONG THE TEXAS COAST, AL-
THOUGH IT NEVER OCCURS IN THE HUGE CONCENTRATIONS OF SPECIMENS LIKE E, WEBERI,
DREDGED ALIVE IN GALVESTON WEST BAY NEAR CHOCOLATE BAYOU, AND IN EAST

PAGE 13

MATAGORDA BAY. OFTEN COLLECTED AS WORN SHELLS IN BEACHDRIFT NEAR THE IN-
LETS, SOMETIMES EVEN ALIVE. (SEE FIG. 8). LIVE SPECIMENS OFTEN SHOW VERY
FINE IRREGULAR SPIRAL STRIATIONS. HARDLY EVER IN OFFSHORE DREDGINGS AND THE
FEW SPECIMENS SO OBTAINED ARE PROBABLY FOSSIL. COMMON IN DRIFT ALONG THE
GALVESTON ISLAND AND MATAGORDA BEACH, LESS COMMON AT PORT ARANSAS AND
Port ISABEL. NOTCHING OF THE SUTURE IS IN THIS SPECIES AS IN E., WEBERI QUITE
VARIABLE. (SEE FIG. 9). THE ANIMAL POSSESSES AS ALL EULIMASTOMA A YELLOW
HORNY OPERCULUM. SULCORINELLA LOCKLINI BARTSCH, 1955 LOOKS SUSPICIOUSLY
LIKE IT. WE ARE CONVINCED THAT E., ENGONIA IS THE SAME AND MERELY REPRESENTS
A FORM OF THIS VARIABLE SPECIES. IT IS IN GENERAL A SOMEWHAT BROADER AND
MORE ROUNDED SHELL THAN E. TERES. (SEE FIG.10). THE UMBILICUS IS USUALLY
OPEN, BUT CAN BE GLAZED OVER BY A CALLUS. RARE IN BEACHDRIFT AT GALVESTON.
LOCALITIES: ALIVE IN GALVESTON AND MATAGORDA BAYS. COMMONLY DEAD
IN BEACHDRIFT ALONG THE ENTIRE TEXAS COAST, BUT MOST COMMON
AT GALVESTON.
PREVIOUS REFERENCES: Moore, 1958; HARRY, 1967 AND 1968.

EULIMASTOMA HARBISONAE BARTSCH, 1955. THIS SMALLER SPECIES HAS BEEN COL=
LECTED ONLY A FEW TIMES ALIVE AT PORT ARANSAS, BUT DEAD SPECIMENS ARE
FAIRLY COMMON AT ROCKPORT AND Port ARANSAS, (SEE FIG. 11). WE BELIEVE THIS
SPECIES TO BE IDENTICAL WITH SOME OTHER OF BARTSCH'S SPECIES, WHICH ARE
MERELY ANNOYING SYNONYMS (EVALEA POMEROYI AND _EULIMASTOMA OLSSONI). THE
SPECIES IS CHARACTERIZED BY A FOR EULIMASTOMA UNUSUALLY PRONOUNCED COLUMELLAR
PLICA, A STRONG NOTCH EFFECT IS PRESENT IN ABOUT HALF OF OUR SPECIMENS. THE
MOUTH IS RARELY SCALAROID. DR. R. ROBERTSON HAS SUGGESTED THE NAME_O,
SOLIDULA C. B. ADAMS FOR SOME OF OUR MATERIAL. PROVIDED THE TYPE SPECIMEN
FIGURED BY CLENCH AND TURNER (Occ. Pop. MoLL., VoL. 1, PL. 40, FIG. 2) IS
CORRECT AND ALL SPECIMENS IN THE ORIGINAL LOT ARE UNIFORM, WE MUST DISAGREE.
THE FIGURE SHOWS A SHELL WHICH WE BELIEVE IS A SAYELLA,. IT COMPLETELY LACKS
THE NOTCHING OF THE SUTURE EXHIBITED BY MOST OF OUR MATERIAL AND ALSO THE
STRUCTURE OF THE COLUMNELLA IS CONSIDERABLY DIFFERENT. FURTHER VERIFICATION
OF ITS IDENTITY IS IN ORDER. QUITE RARE AT GALVESTON, WHERE ONLY ONCE A FEW
SPECIMENS WERE COLLECTED (ODE), BUT INCREASINGLY COMMON TOWARD THE SOUTH.

LOCALITIES: RARE AT GALVESTON, COMMON IN DRIFT AT ROCKPORT AND PORT

ARANSAS.
PREVIOUS REFERENCES: NONE

EULIMASTOMA CANALICULATA C. B. ADAMS, 1850 (Occ. PAP. MoLL., VoL. 1,
PL. 40, FIG. 3). THIS IS THE OFFSHORE MEMBER OF THE GENUS. IT IS WIDESPREAD
AND COMMON OVER THE TEXAS SHELF, BUT ALSO INVADES ALL OF OUR COASTAL BAYS,
WHERE IT IS NEVER COMMON. FURTHER STUDY OF THE EXTENSIVE OFFSHORE AND BAY
MATERIAL MAY REVEAL THAT MORE THAN ONE SPECIES IS INVOLVED IN THE CANALICU=
LATA COMPLEX AS CONCEIVED BY US, BESIDES E, BARTSCHI, TYPICAL CANALICULATA
1S BEAUTIFULLY CONICAL IN SHAPE WITH PERFECTLY STRAIGHT SIDES, THE SUTURE BE=
ING A WELL DEFINED GROOVE. (SEE FIG. 12). HOWEVER MANY VARIATIONS OF THIS
BASIC PATTERN OCCUR, SOME OF WHICH MAY CONSTITUTE DIFFERENT SPECIES. FOR
INSTANCE SOME FORMS HAVE SLIGHTLY SWOLLEN WHORLS, OTHERS DISPLAY A TENDEN=
CY TO NOTCHING OF THE SUTURE, ETC. E, CANALICULATA IS NOT COMMON IN BEACH=
DRIFT , BUT HAS BEEN COLLECTED ALONG THE ENTIRE TEXAS COAST,

LOCALITIES: UNCOMMON IN BEACHDRIFT ALONG THE ENTIRE TEXAS COAST; SOME=

TIMES IN THE COASTAL BAYS,
PREVIOUS REFERENCES: NONE

PAGE 14

EULIMASTOMA BARTSCH! WINKLEY, 1909 (PYRAMIDELLA (SULCORINELLA) BARTSCHI
WINKLEY, 1909, NAuTILUS, VoL. 23, P. 39, TEXT FIG. ALSO: IBID. , VOL. 26,
1912, Pp. 54). Dr. R. ROBERTSON DREW OUR ATTENTION TO THIS SPECIES AS A POS-
SIBLE NAME FOR SOME OF OUR MATERIAL AND SOME SHELLS COLLECTED BY Mrs, C,
BOONE ALONG THE INTRACOASTAL CANAL AT PORT ARANSAS, SEVERAL POPULATIONS
OF LIVE SHELLS WERE COLLECTED BY A, SPEERS FROM ALGAE ON OYSTERREEFS, MubD
ISLAND, ARANSAS BAY. SHE NOTED THAT THESE SMALL SHELLS APPEAR TO BE FULL
GROWN, BECAUSE NEVER DURING THE YEAR LARGER SPECIMENS WERE COLLECTED. THIS
1S ANOTHER INSTANCE OF SIZE DIFFERENCE IN PYRAMIDELLID GASTROPODS, BECAUSE
THESE SMALL SHELLS ARE DIMINUTIVE REPLICAS OF E, CANALICULATA,. IT IS UNLIKE-
LY HOWEVER THAT ALL OUR MATERIAL WHICH WE CANNOT IDENTIFY IN THIS GENUS BE-
LONGS TO THIS SPECIES. FOR THE TIME BEING WE WILL MENTION IT HERE AS A TEN=
TATIVE NAME FOR OUR SMALLEST SPECIES IN THIS GENUS.

LOCALITIES: PoRT ARANSAS

PREVIOUS REFERENCES: NONE

THE GENUS EVALEA. IN CONTRAST TO EULIMASTOMA, EVALEA IS QUITE CONSTANT IN
SHELL CHARACTERS. IT IS HYDROBIID IN SHAPE, WITH A NORMAL SHALLOW SUTURE, A
REDUCED COLUMELLAR PLICA AND A FEW INCISED LINES AROUND THE PERIPHERY. EVvA-
LEA IS KNOWN TO US IN THE WESTERN ATLANTIC BY THE FOLLOWING LIST OF TAXA; WE
ARE BY NO MEANS CERTAIN THEY ALL SATISFY THE REQUIREMENTS OF THIS GENUS.

ODOSTOMIA (EVALEA) EMERY! BARTSCH, 1955. SMITH. Misc. CoLL., VoL. 125,
P. 84, PL. 17, FIG. 1.

ODOSTOMIA (EVALEA) FERNANDINA BARTSCH, 1927. P.U.S.N.M., 70, P. 1-11.

ODOSTOMIA (EVALEA) POCAHONTASAE HENDERSON AND BARTSCH, 1914, P.U.S.N.M.,
(2055). Pt 418. -Pu. 13, Fie, 6.

ODOSTOMIA (EVALEA) RYCLEA BARTSCH, 1927. P.U.S.N.M., 70, P. 1-11.

ODOSTOMIA (EVALEA) SOMERSI VERRILL AND BUSH, 1900. TRANS. CONN. ACAD. ARTS
pet. vou. 10, P.533, PL. 65, FIG, 7.

ODOSTOMIA (EVALEA) VIRGINICA HENDERSON AND BARTSCH, 1914. P.U.S.N.M.
(2655) PP, 418, pes 13, Fic. 3.

IN TEXAS ONLY A FEW SINGLE SPECIES IN BEACHDRIFT; SEVERAL MORE LIVE OFFSHORE.

EVALEA EMERYI BARTSCH, 1955. THIS OPENLY UMBILICATED SPECIES, QUITE HYDRO-
BIID IN SHAPE IS CHARACTERIZED BY THREE INCISED LINES AROUND THE PERIPHERY OF THE
BODY WHORLS. (SEE FIG. 13). ONLY AT PorT ARANSAS CAN THIS SPECIES BE COLLEC-—
TED IN SOME NUMBERS. VERY FRESH, BUT JUVENILE MATERIAL HAS BEEN TAKEN IN
BEACHDRIFT AT SAN LUIS PASS AND ALONG THE MATAGORDA BEACH. IT CAN BE RE-
COGNIZED BY THE ALMOST UMBILICATED NUCLEUS, THE NUCLEUS IS OF THE IMMERSED
TYPE AND WHERE IT RISES OUT OF THE SHELL IT IS ACCOMPANIED BY A NARROW BUT DEEP
HOLE. (SEE FIG. 14). ALSO THE CONTOURS OF THE JUVENILE SHELL ARE QUITE DIFFER-
ENT FROM JUVENILE SPECIMENS OF EULIMASTOMA, WE HAVE TENTATIVELY SELECTED
BARTSCH'S NAME FOR THIS SPECIES.

LOCALITIES: GALVESTON, MATAGORDA, PORT ARANSAS, PORT ISABEL.

PREVIOUS REFERENCES: NONE

PAGE 15

TRUE ODOSTOMIA IN TEXAS IS REPRESENTED BY TWO AND POSSIBLY MORE SPECIES,
ONE OF THEM IS UBIQUITOUS, SMOOTH, RATHER HYDROBIID IN SHAPE AND IN POSSES=
SION OF A STRONG COLUMELLAR PLICA, THE OTHER SPECIES IS VERY MUCH LIKE IT,
WE NEED CONSIDERABLE FURTHER STUDY ON THIS COMPLEX OF SPECIES BEFORE WE CAN
BE EVEN SURE ABOUT THEIR SPECIFIC DISTINCTIVENESS. OUR MATERIAL IS DEFINITELY
NOT UNIFORM IN SHAPE AND GENERAL HABITUS. THE ENORMOUS RANGE OF DEPTHS AND
ECOLOGIES IN WHICH THE SPECIES, WHICH SO FAR WE HAVE DESIGNATED AS O, GIBBOSA
CAN BE FOUND INDICATES THAT MORE THAN ONE SPECIES MAY BE INVOLVED IN THIS COM=
PLEX. DR. R. ROBERTSON HAS SUGGESTED THE NAME OQ, RYALEA BARTSCH FOR SOME
OF OUR MATERIAL.

EVEN AFTER WE SUCCEED IN SPLITTING OUR MATERIAL INTO DISTINCT SPECIES TAXONO=
MIC PROBLEMS REMAIN. POSSIBLE TAXA FOR THE SPECIES WE REPORT HERE ASO,
GIBBOSA BUSH ARE: O. ACUTIDENS DALL (NOT OF PERRY AND SCHWENGEL, 1955,
—___ ——_ et

WHICH IS A SAYELLA). OR ODOSTOMIA MODESTA STIMPSON, 1851.

THE FOLLOWING LIST OF TAXA PERTAINING TO TRUE ODOSTOMIA IS PRESENTED HERE
WITH MUCH HESITATION. SOME MAY OR MAY NOT BE ODOSTOMIA AS WE INTERPRET THE
GENUS. .

ODOSTOMIA ACUTIDENS DALL, 1883. P.U.S.N.M., VoL. 6, No, 364) Pivaeee
LATER CONSIDERED SYNONYMOUS WITH O. CONOIDEA BrRoccHi (DALL, 1892)

TURBO CONOIDEUS BrRoccHI, 1814. CONCH. Foss. SUBAPP. II, P. 659, PL. 16,
FIG... 2

CHEMNITZIA DEALBATA STIMPSON, 1851. SEE: -PRoc. Soc. NAT. HiIst.; 4)Re tee
Atso: 1870, BINNEY, GOULD INVERT. MASS., P. 327, FIG. 595.

ODOSTOMIA GIBBOSA BUSH, 1909, SEE: AM. JOURNAL OF SCIENCE, 27: 475.

ODOSTOMIA MODESTA BARTSCH, 1909. Proc. Bost. Soc. NAT. HIST. , VoL. 34 (4),
P. 108, PL. 13, FIG. 50. ACCORDING TO ABBOTT 1954 THIS IS NOT CHEMNIT—
ZIA MODESTA STIMPSON, 1851.

ODOSTOMIA (EVALEA) RYALEA BARTSCH. 1927. P.U.S.N.M., 70, P. 1-11.

CHEMNITZIA MODESTA STIMPSON, 1851. SEE: Proc. Bost. Soc. NAT. HIST.,
VOt. 4. P. $6.

ODOSTOMIA TORNATA VERRILL, 1883. No FURTHER INFORMATION,

ODOSTOMIA UNIDENTATA MONT. , FLEMING, 1813. NO FURTHER INFORMATION.

IN TEXAS THE FOLLOWING TWO SPECIES:

ODOSTOMIA GIBBOSA BUSH, 1909, THIS UBUQUITOUS SPECIES IS COMMON IN BEACH=
DRIFT ALL ALONG THE TEXAS COAST. (SEE FIG. 15). DEAD SHELLS ARE ESPCEIALLY
COMMON AT GALVESTON WHERE MOST HANDFULLS OF BEACHDRIFT CONTAIN A FEW SPEC—
IMENS. LIVE ANIMALS HAVE BEEN COLLECTED OCCASIONALLY IN BEACHDRIFT NEAR THE
INLETS. Mrs. C, BOONE NOTED THAT THESE ANIMALS SECRETE A YELLOW DYE. LIVE
SPECIMENS HAVE ALSO BEEN OBTAINED FROM DREDGINGS IN THE VARIABLE SALINITY
BAYS AND ON THE SHALLOW PORTIONS OF THE OFFSHORE TEXAS SHELF. LIVE SHELLS
ARE IVORY WHITE WITH SLIGHT STREAKS OF GRAY. "THE TAXONOMY OF THIS SPECIES IS
UNSETTLED, THE NEXT SPECIES DIFFERS FROM THIS ONE IN A LESS DEEP SUTURE AND
ALSO IN COLOR, WHIGH IS A DIFFERENT DIRTY GRAY.
LOCALITIES: COMMON, SOMETIMES ALIVE IN THE BAYS, INLETS AND ON THE OFF=
SHORE SHALLOW SHELF. COMMON IN BEACHDRIFT ALL ALONG THE
TEXAS COAST.
PREVIOUS REFERENCES: RICE, 1960.

PAGE 16

ODOSTOMIA RYALEA BARTSCH, 1927. AMONG OUR MATERIAL ARE SOME SHELLS WHICH
APPEAR DIFFERENT. COMPARISON WITH TYPE MATERIAL SHOWS THAT THIS MAY BE O,
RYALEA, WHICH NAME WE HAVE TENTATIVELY GIVEN TO IT.

LOCALITIES: GALVESTON, PORT ARANSAS

PREVIOUS REFERENCES: NONE.

THERE 1S ANOTHER PYRAMIDELLID SPECIES, PRESUMABLY OF ODOSTOMIID AFFINITY, ON
THE TEXAS COAST WHICH WE HAVE DIFFICULTY IN ASSIGNING A PLACE IN OUR SCHEME.
ORIGINALLY WE THOUGHT THAT IT PERHAPS WAS .A FOSSARUS, BUT CLOSER INSPECTION
SHOWED A PYRAMIDELLID TYPE OF NUCLEUS AND A FAINTLY DEVELOPED COLUMELLAR
PLICA. ITS GENERIC POSITION MAY BE CLOSE TO AMAURA, WE HAVE DIFFICULTY WITH
THE FAMILIAL ASSIGNMENT OF MANY OF THE SHELLS OF THIS GENUS AS THEY ARE IL—
LUSTRATED IN SEVERAL PUBLICATIONS (F.1. DALL AND BARTSCH, 1909, BULL. 68,
U.S.N.M.) SOME OF THESE SPECIES APPEAR TO US RATHER CLOSER TO THE ACTE-
ONIDAE THAN THE PYRAMIDELLIDAE, THE PECULIAR SURFACE SCULPTURE , AT LEAST OF
SOME OF THESE SPECIES, SEEMS MORE INDICATIVE OF RELATIONSHIP WITH ACTEON
THAN ODOSTOMIA,

AMAURA SPEC. INDET. A.SINGLE SOMEWHAT
WORN SPECIMEN WAS COLLECTED FROM BEACH-—
DRIFT NEAR THE LARGE JETTY ON BOLIVAR
PENINSULA (CDE). IT SHOWS CLEARLY THE
PIPED SCULPTURE OF THE SPECIES AND DIS=
PLAYS A FAINT COLUMELLAR TWIST; WIDE-
SPREAD IN OFFSHORE DREDGINGS.

LOCALITIES: BOLIVAR PENINSULA
PREVIOUS REFERENCES: NONE

me BE CONTINUE Diss ous a-0 6 6

Figure 15
Odostomia gibbosa Bush, 1909 - San Luis Pass =
3.00 mm. « When rotated slightly specimen will
show large tooth.

Photos by Frank Van Morkhoven.
PAGE 17

MOLLUSCANA BY W. W. Sutow, M. D.

TRITELY STATED BUT TRUE: THE LIVE PACIFIC COAST GEODUCK (PRONOUNCED "GOOEY-
DUCK") WHICH GOES BY THE RESPECTABLE SCIENTIFIC APPELLATION OF PANOPE GENER-
OSA MUST BE SEEN TO BE BELIEVED. THESE HUGE CLAMS LIVE IN SOFT MUD, BURIED
THREE TO FIVE FEET DEEP AND EXTEND THEIR SIPHONS (NECKS) TO THE SURFACE OF THE
MUD. IN THE JANUARY 1971 ISSUE OF TEXAS CONCHOLOGIST SOME COMMENTS
WERE MADE REGARDING THE NEW YORK TIMES ARTICLE ON THE COMMERCIAL IMPLICATIONS
OF THE DISCOVERY THAT THE BOTTOM OF PUGET SOUND WAS TEEMING WITH THESE BI-
VALVES.

DURING MY TRIP TO THE PACIFIC NORTHWEST SEVERAL MONTHS AGO, I HAD OCCASION
TO THINK OF GEODUCKS AGAIN. CNE OF THE AMAZING SIGHTS THERE (To ME) WAS A
PICKUP TRUCK ACTUALLY ADVERTISING FRESH GEODUCKS FOR SALE — IN THE SHELL!

NATURALLY I HAD TO CHECK OUT THE GASTRONOMICAL QUALITIES OF THIS MOLLUSK,
Most LARGE ( AND MANY SMALL) RESTAURANTS IN THE SEATTLE AREA NOW SEEM TO
CARRY THIS CLAM ON THEIR MENUS. I HAD MY FIRST CRACK AT THE GEODUCK IN PORT
ANGELES. IT WAS LISTED AS "KING CLAM" AND WAS SERVED FRENCH FRIED AS A
CUTLET OR STEAK. My SNAP DIAGNOSIS WAS THAT THE SIPHON HAD BEEN SLIT LONGI-
TUDINALLY AND THEN OPENED OUT SO THAT CHUNKS OF STEAK COULD BE CUT. THE
TASTE WAS GOOD. THE MOLLUSCAN FLAVOR WAS THERE — NOT AT ALL LIKE THE PISMO
CLAM OR THE QUAHOG — RESEMBLING fAORE THE ABALONE.

IN SEATTLE , MY NEUROPATHOLOGIST FRIEND WHO IS AN EXCELLENT CHEF TOOK ME TO
THE FISH MARKET. WE BOUGHT OURSELVES A BIG GEODUCK (WITH GOOD SHELLS) AND
THAT NIGHT WE HAD A FEAST.

WE STARTED OUT WITH SOUP, ORIENTAL STYLE. THE SOFT PARTS WENT IN AS TASTY
INGREDIENTS FOR THE CLEAR SOUP. THEN WE HAD PORTIONS OF THE CLAM "SASHIMI"
STYLE — THAT 1S, RAW. (A DIFFERENT DISH FROM OYSTERS OR CHERRYSTONES ON THE
HALF SHELL — BUT THE SAME IDEA.) TO TOP THINGS OFF, MY TAIWANESE GOURMET
PREPARED THE REST OF THE GEODUCK CHINESE STYLE. IT WAS A MEMORABLE EVENING
— AND TO TOP IT ALL, | CAME AWAY WITH THE SHELL,

* * K K K K K *

ON THIS SEATTLE TRIP, MY FIRST STOP, AFTER UNLOADING AT THE SEA-TAC AIRPORT,
WAS POULSBO. I CAUGHT TOM RICE JUST THE DAY BEFORE HE WAS TO LEAVE FOR
FLORIDA AND A SHELLING EXCURSION. PER USUAL, I FULLY ENJOYED HIS GENIAL HOS—
PITALITY AND SPENT THE HOURS GABBING ABOUT SHELLS IN GENERAL BUT PARTICULARLY
ABOUT BOOKS. TOM HAS HIS EXHIBITS, SHELL SHOP, LIBRARY, STOREROOM, PRINTING
PRESS AND OFFICE STRATEGICALLY SITUATED IN THE BASEMENT OF HIS FAMILY HOME.
HE HAD JUST MAILED OUT THE MOST RECENT ISSUE OF OF SEA AND SHORE,

TOM 1S AMAZINGLY PROLIFIC, AS YOU KNOW. SOMEHOW HE MANAGES TO PUT TOGETHER
JUST WHAT MANY SHELLERS WANT. TAKE FOR EXAMPLE HIS A CATALOG CF DEALERS!
PRICES FOR MARINE SHELLS, NOW IN ITS THIRD EDITION, THE COST IS NOMINAL ,
ONLY $3.00, INSIDE ARE 70 PAGES CRAMMED WITH REALISTIC ESTIMATES OF THE
CURRENT MARKET PRICES FOR SOME 8000 SPECIES OF MARINE MOLLUSKS. THE GENERA
ARE LISTED ALPHABETICALLY IN BOLD PRINT AND UNDERNEATH EACH GENUS ARE TABU-
LATED A NUMBER OF SPECIES (E.G. CYPRAEA, OVER 440 ENTRIES; CONUS, OVER 490
ITEMS) BY NAME, AUTHOR, AND COMMON GEOGRAPHIC SOURCE.

PAGE 18

THE PRICE RANGE IS INDICATED AND IN MANY INSTANCES THE DIFFERENCES IN THE
QUOTED PRICES BETWEEN GOOD SPECIMENS AND BEACH SPECIMENS ARE SHOWN. TOM
HAS TAKEN SPECIAL PAINS TO MAKE THE PRICES CONFORM AS MUCH AS POSSIBLE TO THE
USUAL MARKET QUOTATIONS.

THIS BOOK 1S RECOMMENDED TO EVERY SHELL COLLECTOR. NOT ONLY DOES IT PROVIDE
A RELIABLE BASIS FOR ESTIMATION OF SHELL VALUES (PARTICULARLY USEFUL: IN SHELL
EXCHANGES) BUT ALSO THE BOOK CAN BE USED AS A CHECK LIST FOR FAMILIES AND
GENERA,

TOM IS CURRENTLY FINISHING ANOTHER PRACTICAL BOOK. THIS WILL LIST, SO I
UNDERSTAND, THE PUBLICATIONS (BOOKS, MONOGRAPHS, JOURNALS, ETC.) IN WHICH
A GIVEN SPECIES IS PICTURED OR ILLUSTRATED. IT SOUNDS LIKE ANOTHER GOOD ONE.

* * KK K K OK *

TALKING ABOUT JOURNALS, THERE IS ONE THAT DESERVES SPECIAL COMMENDATION.
THIS IS A MONTHLY ENTITLED MOLLUSCAN DIGEST. MENTION OF THIS PUBLICA-
TION WAS MADE IN THIS COLUMN IN THE MAy 1971 ISSUE. IN THE PAGES OF THE DIGEST
ARE LISTED CITIATIONS FOR CURRENT ARTICLES, BOOKS, AND MONOGRAPHS DEALING WITH
MOLLUSKS. THE TWO EDITORS, STEVEN J. LONG AND JACK BROOKSHIRE HAVE PUT IN
CONSIDERABLE EFFORT TO MAKE THESE CITATIONS USEFUL. EACH REFERENCE !S KEY-
CODED BY NUMBER, WHICH AUTOMATICALLY DENOTES THE YEAR OF PRINTING AND THE
IDENTIFYING NUMBER. THE REFERENCES ARE LISTED ALPHABETICALLY BY AUTHOR AND
THE TITLE OF THE ARTICLE (OR PUBLICATION), NAME OF THE JOURNAL AND INCLUSIVE
PAGES ARE GIVEN. PERIODICALLY AND PARTICULARLY WHEN THE TITLE ITSELF DOES
NOT PROVIDE A CLUE TO THE CONTENTS OF THE ARTICLE , THE EDITORS INSERT SHORT
PHRASES, CONCISELY INDICATION THE NATURE OF THE SUBJECT MATTER. THERE IS NO
CROSS INDEX BY SUBJECT OR TAXON BUT THE EDITORS LIST THAT AS ANOTHER OF THEIR
OBJECTIVES. |

THESE CURRENT CITATIONS ARE OF SIGNIFICANT USEFULNESS TO THE PROFESSIONAL
AND THE ADVANCED AMATEUR CONCHOLOGIST AS SOURCES FROM WHICH LITERATURE
REFERENCES CAN BE READILY RETRIEVED. EVEN FOR THE LESS SCIENTIFICALLY ORI-—
ENTED SHELL-COLLECTOR, THE TITLES OF THE ARTICLES AND THE NAMES OF THE
AUTHORS PROVIDE A SATISFYING PERSPECTIVE THAT LENDS DEPTH TO ONE'S INTEREST
IN THE HOBBY OF SHELLS. THE PUBLICATION IS RECOMMENDED AS ONE OF ITS KIND.
(THERE IS ANOTHER "REVIEW" JOURNAL BUT THE FORMAT IS DIFFERENT AND THE
SCOPE OF COVERAGE IS MUCH LESS.) ONE CAN SUBSCRIBE TO THE MOLLUSCAN
DIGEST AT THE cosT oF $4.50 THROUGH JACK BROOKSHIRE , 2962 BALBOA AVE. .
OXNARD, CALIFORNIA 93030,

IF THIS READS LIKE AN ADVERTISEMENT, IT IS MEANT AS SUCH — THOUGH UNSOLICITED,
THE TWO EDITORS RICHLY DESERVE APPRECIATION FOR TACKLING THIS MOST DIFFICULT
JOB AND PRODUCING SUCH GOOD RESULTS. THE JOURNAL IS NOW COMPLETING ITS
SECOND YEAR. EACH ISSUE IS GARNISHED WITH A PAGE OR TWO OF NOTES AND NEWS
ABOUT CURRENT EVENTS, CURRENT PUBLICATIONS AND SHELL PERSONALITIES,

0000000

PAGE 19

SEARCH AND SEIZURE BY CONSTANCE BOONE

HELPING TO PLAN AND LEAD, WITH DR. HAROLD MURRAY OF TRINITY UNIVERSITY AT
SAN ANTONIO, THE FRESH WATER AND LAND FIELD TRIP FOR THE AMERICAN MALACO=
LOGICAL UNION MEETING IN GALVESTON IN JULY WAS A MARVELOUS ADVENTURE FOR

ME.

TWENTY-ONE PROFESSIONALS AND AMATEURS (INCLUDING SOME REAL NOVICES AT THIS
KIND OF COLLECTING) LEFT THE GALVEZ HOTEL JULY 14 AND HEADED WEST ALONG
HIGHWAY 6 FOR A SITE ON PRIVATE PROPERTIES IN FORT BEND COUNTY (PERMISSION
TO DO SUCH COLLECTING IS A MUST IN TEXAS.) HERE, AT A DELIBERATELY CONTRIV-
ED JOINING OF OYSTER CREEK AND FLAT BEND CREEK, WHICH BOTH EVENTUALLY DRAIN
INTO THE BRAZOS RIVER, WE TRUDGED THOUGH COW TRACKS AND MUDDY, WEEDY TRAILS
(IT HAD BEEN SHOWERING DAILY ) FOR PLACES TO "JUMP IN" AND START DIGGING. THE
WATER WAS REDDISH AND MUDDY, FROM ONE TO FOUR FEET DEEP IN BOTH STREAMS,
AND THE BOTTOM WAS SOFT MUD. FOR SOME OF THE VISITORS IT WAS A FIRST TIME
TO REALIZE THAT YOU SIMPLY HAD TO GROPE FOR UNIOS BECAUSE THERE WAS NOT THE
SLIGHTEST HOPE OF SEEING THEM!

THERE WAS AN ABUNDANCE OF LARGE THREE-RIDGED MUSSELS, HEAVY AND GLOBOSE
AND REAL BUCKET FILLERS! MOST COLLECTORS HAD ONE BUCKET AND BEGAN TO EMPTY
LITTLE PILES OF MUSSELS ALONG THE BANK AS THEY PROGRESSED SOUTH IN THE STREAM,
THESE WERE RETRIEVED LATER. THE BEGINNER HAD NO PROBLEM FINDING THE SHELLS
AND LEARNED VERY QUICKLY TO DIG LIVE SPECIMENS FROM THE MUD AND LOW BANKS,
THE PROFESSIONALS WERE GENEROUS IN POINTING OUT THE PREFERRED HABITATS FOR
THE DIFFERENT SPECIES. AMONG THE "ISLANDS" OF PLANT GROWTH, OTHER SPECIES
AND SPHAERIIDAE COULD BE COLLECTED OR SIEVED. FOR ME, SHARING A MUD HOLE
(AND TRYING TO SOAK UP KNOWLEDGE) WITH FELLOWS LIKE Dr. J. P. E. MORRISON
OF THE SMITHSONIAN, DR. WILLIAM J. CLENCH OF HARVARD FAME, Dr. D. H.
STANSBERY OF OHIO STATE AND DR. MURRAY WILL GO IN A SPECIAL MEMORY NICHE,

THE NAIADES I KNOW WERE COLLECTED HERE ARE AS FOLLOWS:

(NOMENCLATURE IS THE WAY I HEARD IT FROM PROFESSIONALS, YOU WILL NOTE SEVER=
AL VIEWPOINTS MADE IN THE FIELD. I MAKE NO ATTEMPT TO SETTLE THE SPECIFIC
NAME AT THIS TIME.)

1. QUADRULA QUADRULA (RAFINESQUE 1820) THE COMPLEX INCLUDES
QUADRULA APICULATA APICULATA (SAY, 1829) AND MENTION THAT
DAY WAS MADE OF A FORM CALLED QUADRULA ASPERA (LEA, 1831).

2. LAMPSILIS ANODONTOIDES ANODONTOIDES (LEA, 1831) OR LAMPSILIS
ANODONTOIDES FALLACIOSA (SMITH, 1869)

3. _TOXOLASMA TEXASENSIS (LEA, 1857) = CARUNCULINA TEXASENSIS IN
OLD LITERATURE.

4. _ANODONTA IMBECILLIS SAY, 1829

5. ANODONTA GRANDIS SAY, 1829,

6. CYRTONAIAS GRANDENSIS (CONRAD, 1855) --— A GENUS UNDERGOING
SPECIAL STUDY AT THIS TIME BY A TRIO OF PROFESSIONALS AND KNOWN
BY MANY NAMES IN LITERATURE STEMMING FROM LAMPSILIS TAMPICOENSIS
(LEA, 1838).

7. AMBLEMA PLICATA (Say, 1817)
(ALSO MENTIONED AS THE FORM PLICATA PERUVIANA OR FORM PERPLICATA)

PAGE 20

8. LEPTODEA FRAGILIS (RAFINESQUE, 1820)
9. ARCIDENS CONFRAGOSUS (SAY, 1829)

FROM THIS COLLECTING SITE THE SEVEN CARS FOLLOWED THE LEADER THROUGH HOUS=
TON'S FREEWAYS (BECAUSE OF A DETOUR OFF Hwy 6 FOR A REST STOP) TO THE BARKER
OVERFLOW OF ADDICKS DAM SOME 17 MILES WEST OF HOUSTON. SOME VERY UNUSUAL
CIRCUMSTANCES FOR THE ACQUISITION OF SPECIMENS HERE MADE THIS A ONCE INA
LIFETIME EVENT! THROUGH THE COOPERATION OF THE U. S. ARMY CORPS OF ENGI=-
NEERS, THE OVERFLOW AT THE DAM WAS CUT OFF FOR ONE HOUR SO THAT COLLECTING
COULD BE MADE EASIER. EVERYONE WAS ALREADY DOWN THE STEEP CEMENTED SLOPE
AND IN BUFFALO BAYOU BELOW THE DAM AND ATTEMPTING TO COLLECT IN THE SWIFT=
LY FLOWING WATER WHEN THE OUTLET WAS CLOSED. IN A MATTER OF MINUTES THINGS
CHANGED. AS THE WATER DECREASED TO POOLS HELD BY SEDIMENT AND ROCKS ON THE
CEMENTED BAYOU FLOOR, FISH UP TO 15 TO 20 INCHES (CATFISH, BASS, CARP, ETC.)
FLOPPED AROUND IN DISMAY. THIS IS A FAVORITE HAUNT OF FISHERMEN WHO KNOW FISH
ABOUND IN THE POOL BELOW THE DAM, THE HIGHLY OXYGENATED WATER HERE HELPS
FISH AND FOOD FOR THEM TO THRIVE. SOME OF THE FISHERMEN STANDING ON THE BANK
THAT DAY GAPED IN AWE AT THE READY MADE FEAST OF FISH AND RAN DOWN TO CATCH
THE FISH WITH HANDS AND NETS,

IN ADDITION TO THE FISH IN FULL VIEW, UNIOS BEGAN TO BE EASILY VISIBLE. BIG RED
CRAYFISH POPPED OUT OF HOLES AND WERE SNATCHED BY SOME OF THE MUSEUM WORK=
ERS. THESE SUCCULENT CREATURES WERE DESTINED TO RIDE HOME IN ALCOHOL FOR
FUTURE STUDIES. IT WAS A WILDLY FUNNY AND PRODUCTIVE TIME FOR ALL OF US,

HOWEVER, IT WAS ALSO A GOOD LESSON FOR ME ON JUST WHY THIS AREA HAS HAD A
GOODLY POPULATION OF UNIONIDS, THIS IS, AFTER ALL, A PART OF BUFFALO BAYOU
WHICH BECOMES THE HOUSTON SHIP CHANNEL EVENTUALLY AND WHICH HAS BEEN MUCH
IN OUR NEWS ON POLLUTED STREAMS THAT NEED TO BE CLEANED, HERE THE FLOW OF
WATER PROVIDES GOOD OXYGEN AND FISH SEEK THIS AREA, SINCE UNIONIDS HAVE A
GROWTH CYCLE DURING WHICH THE YOUNG GLOCHIDIA (FIRST STAGE YOUNG, NEWLY
HATCHED FROM EGGS CARRIED WITHIN THE MUSSELS) MUST FIND CERTAIN FISH TO ATTACH
TO FOR THE NEXT PHASE OF LIFE BEFORE DROPPING TO THE STREAM FLOOR TO GROW AS
MUSSELS, THIS AREA THEN IS A LIKELY SITE FOR THIS TO HAPPEN, IT TAKES SOME
YEARS FOR A MUSSEL TO GROW TO ANY SIZE, AND WHILE SOME OF THE MUSSELS PRO-
BABLY DO COME OVER THE DAM WITH FLOOD WATERS, CONDITIONS FOR THE PROPER
CYCLE OF GROWTH HERE ON THIS CEMENTED FLOOR ARE GOOD, SEDIMENT FORMS
AROUND ROCKS THAT COME OVER THE DAM, AND SEDIMENT AND PLANTS ESTABLISH HOLD=
FASTS FOR THE UNIOS AROUND THE CEMENT BLOCK WALLS, s
REPORTS TO ME OF WHAT WAS COLLECTED HERE MAY NOT BE COMPLETE AS I DID NOT
SEE EVERY MUSSEL. IT IS MY UNDERSTANDING THAT ALL SPECIES FOUND AT SITE I
WERE REPRESENTED AT SITE II ALTHOUGH SOME OF THE MUSSELS MAY BE DIFFERENT
SUBSPECIFIC FORMS,

ADDITIONAL SPECIES COLLECTED HERE NOT FOUND AT SITE I INCLUDE THE FOLLOWING:

QUADRULA MORTON! (CONRAD, 1836)
IN THE PUSTULOSA COMPLEX
MEGALONAIAS GIGANTEA (BARNES, 1823)
GLEBULA ROTUNDATA (LAMARCK, 1819)
UNIOMERUS TETRALASMUS (SAY, 1830) OR DECLIVIS FORM (Say, 1831)

PAGE 21

A JAUNT DOWN BEAR CREEK FIELDS ALONG THE BAYOU EAST OF Hwy 6 FOR THE DIE=
HARDS STILL GOING AFTER THE BAYOU INVASION WAS PRODUCTIVE FOR A FEW LAND AND
FRESH WATER GASTROPODS. OF NOTE, WE MENTION THE RECOVERY OF LIVE SUCCINEA
LUTEOLA GOULD ON A TREE AND THE COLLECTION OF ESTIVATING VIVIPARUS INTERTEX—
tus (SAY, 1829) FROM A DRY, LEAFY BOG. THIS MAY BE THE MOST WESTERN LOCAL=
ITY FOR THIS LAST NAMED SPECIES,

CASUALTIES OF THIS ALL=DAY , SOMEWHAT ARDUOUS JOURNEY CONSISTED OF BRUISES,
CUT FINGERS, LOST TENNIS SHOES IN THE MUD, ONE PAINFUL STING OR BITE BY SOME
CRITTER FALLING FROM A TREE, ONE SKINNED KNEE FROM A FALL ON THE CEMENT
SLOPE , SOME RUINED HAIRDOS FROM THE SUDDEN SHOWER, POISON IVY, AND A FRIGHT=
ENED ENCOUNTER WITH A COPPERHEAD UNDER A LOG. WE DIDN'T SEE THE ALLIGATORS
KNOWN TO BE IN THE GENERAL AREA OF OYSTER CREEK WE VISITED, BUT I CAN ASSURE
YOU THAT THEY WERE NEAR THERE, FOURTEEN IN ONE BATCH KNOWN TO THE OWNER OF
THAT LAND. JUST TWO WEEKS BEFORE THIS TRIP, AT.V. VIEW FROM THE BRIDGE OVER
OYSTER CREEK AT Hwy 6 SHOWED ONE ADULT ALLIGATOR AMONG THE LILY PADS,

O000000
A BRIEF NOTE ON THE GENUS SEMELE IN TEXAS BY H. ODE

RECENTLY THE FIRST ISSUE OF THE FIFTH VOLUME OF _JOHNSONIA APPEARED IN WHICH
THE GENUS SEMELE WAS TREATED FOR THE WESTERN ATLANTIC BY K. Boss, AS USUAL
THE TREATMENT OF THE VARIOUS SPECIES -—- IN THIS CASE SIX -= IS COMPLETE AND
WELL DONE. OF THE SIX SPECIES FOUR OCCUR IN THE NORTHWEST GULF OF MEXICO,
BECAUSE FOR ONE OF THEM THE STATEMENT IS MADE THAT IT IS LACKING ON THE TEXAS
AND MEXICAN COASTS WE WILL BRIEFLY REVIEW HERE THE OCCURRENCES OF THESE
SPECIES IN THE NORTHWEST GULF OF MEXICO AS DOCUMENTED BY MATERIAL IN THE
MUSEUM OF NATURAL SCIENCE OF HOUSTON,

SEMELE PROFICUA IS A RATHER COMMON BIVALVE IN BEACHDRIFT , WHICH CAN BE COL=—
LECTED ALONG THE ENTIRE TEXAS COAST. IT 1S SOMEWHAT LESS EASILY OBTAINED
ALIVE , BUT HAS BEEN FOUND LIVING ON SANDY MUD FLATS NEAR AND AROUND THE IN=
LETS TO MOST BAYS ALONG THE TEXAS COAST. OFFSHORE IT IS DREDGED RATHER RARE—
LY AND THE MAJORITY OF SPECIMENS MAY BE FOSSIL, ALTHOUGH A FEW FROM SHALE
UPLIFTS MAY BE RECENT.

SEMELE PURPURASCENS IS WIDESPREAD IN MUDDY AND SHELLY HABITATS ON THE SHELF.
LARGE COLORFUL, LIVE SPECIMENS HAVE BEEN DREDGED FAIRLY FREQUENTLY. THE
HABITAT MENTIONED BY PARKER IN THE GRASSY PARTS OF HYPERSALINE BAYS IS AN
UNUSUAL ONE FOR THIS SPECIES IN TEXAS, FRESH BEACH MATERIAL HAS BEEN OB=
TAINED AT SARGENT BEACH AND SOUTH OF THE CORPUS CHRISTI AREA,

SEMELE NUCULOIDES IS AN UNCOMMON BEACH SHELL, SOMETIMES RAFTED ASHORE AT—
TACHED TO THE ROOTS OF WHIPCORAL, IT IS WIDESPREAD ON THE OFFSHORE SHELF IN
A RATHER RESTRICTED TYPE OF ASSEMBLAGE WHICH ALSO CONTAINS ALMOST INVARIABLY
ERVILIA CONCENTRJCA, THE SPECIES IS PARTICULARLY ABUNDANT ON SABINE AND
HEALD BANKS,

SEMELE BELLASTRIATA (IT 1S TO BE NOTED THAT BOSS SPELLS THE NAME "BELLESTRI-
ATA") 1S STATED BY BOSS TO BE MISSING ON THE TEXAS AND MEXICAN COASTS, THIS
STATEMENT IS UNDOUBTEDLY CAUSED BY THE LACK OF MATERIAL FROM THE NORTHWEST
GULF OF MEXICO IN MOST OF THE BIG MUSEA ALONG THE EAST COAST. HOWEVER IT IS

PAGE 22

A COMMON SPECIES ON THE TEXAS SHELF, SOMETIMES DREDGED ALIVE , USUALLY IN
SANDY , MUDDY AND SHELLY ENVIRONMENTS. TEXAS MATERIAL IS SELDOM OUTSPOKENLY
CANCELLATE IN SCULPTURE WHICH IS RESTRICTED TO THE ANTERIOR AND POSTERIOR
PARTS OF THE SHELL, LEAVING THE AREA IN THE MIDDLE SOMEWHAT SMOOTH. LIVE
BEACH MATERIAL HAS BEEN COLLECTED AT PoRT ARANSAS. UNDOUBTEDLY THE SPECIES
1S ALSO PRESENT ALONG THE MEXICAN COAST.

0000900
COLLECTING TRIP NW GULF OF MEXICO, Jury, 1972 BY H., ODE

ON JULY 6-9 A COLLECTING TRIP FOR THE HOUSTON MUSEUM OF NATURAL SCIENCE WAS
MADE TO THREE LOCATIONS IN THE NORTHWEST GULF OF MExIco. ABOUT 40 DIVERS
AND SEVERAL NON DIVERS HAD BOARDED THE USN DESTROYER AULT AT GALVESTON AT
DUSK AND DURING THE NIGHT THE SHIP, NOW WELL KNOWN TO MANY, BROUGHT US TO
THE FIRST LOCATION.

WE ARE MOST GRATEFUL TO ALL NAVY PERSONNEL WHICH MADE THIS TRIP POSSIBLE
AND TO ALL DIVERS WHO PARTICIPATED IN THE VENTURE. A BRIEF PRELIMINARY REPORT
ON THE RESULTS OF THE TRIP MAY INTEREST OUR READERS,

THE FIRST LOCATION VISITED WAS AN UNCHARTED STRUCTURE — NAMELESS AS YET —
WHICH IS LOCATED EAST AND SLIGHTLY TO THE NCRTH OF THE FLOWER GARDENS. IT
WAS UNKNOWN WHETHER THIS SMALL STRUCTURE WOULD BE CROWNED BY LIVING CORAL
OR WHETHER IT WOULD BE SIMILAR TO STETSON BANK , WHICH IS A SHALE BANK. DIvV-
ING QUICKLY SOLVED THE PROBLEM: IT PROVED TO BE A MIOCENE SHALE UPLIFT, AS
EVIDENCED BY THE ROCK MATERIAL BROUGHT UP BY THE FIRST DIVE. THE MOLLUSK
FAUNA STRONGLY RESEMBLES THAT OF THE STETSON BANK, IN WHICH CERITHIUM
LITTERATUM, ASTRAEA AMERICANA, MUREX POMUM, LATIRUS INFUNDIBULUM AND
SEVERAL SPECIES OF CYMATIUM ARE THE DOMINANT GASTROPODS., A HUGE PINNA

CARNEA CARRYING A SIMILARLY HUGE SIZE LIVE PODODESMUS WAS OBTAINED AT THIS
LOCATION. FOR THE FIRST TIME A LIVE SPECIMEN OF THE LARGE, VERY GLOBOSE
BULLA SPECIES WHICH VERY RARELY WASHES ASHORE ON SOUTH PADRE ISLAND WAS
TAKEN. THE ANIMAL IS A UNIFORM CHOCOLATE BROWN AND ITS MANTLE HAS A SOME=-
WHAT GRANULOSE APPEARANCE. FINALLY I SHOULD MENTION THAT APART FROM A LARGE
QUANTITY OF BOTTOM MATERIAL WHICH WILL BE INVESTIGATED FOR MICROMOLLUSKS, A
VERY LARGE SPECIMEN OF COLUBRARIA OBSCURA AND SEVERAL LIVE SPECIMENS OF
COLUBRARIA LANCEOLATA WERE BROUGHT UP.

THE SECOND LOCATION, VISITED ON THE NEXT DAY, WAS ON THE WEST FLOWER GARDEN 4
WHERE A LARGE AMOUNT OF CORAL RUBBLE WAS COLLECTED FOR A FURTHER SEARCH OF
MICORMOLLUSKS. SOME INTERESTING SMALL SPECIES WERE QUICKLY PICKED FROM THIS
MATERIAL: A TO ME UNKNOWN VERY PRETTY DRILLIA, A LARGE SPECIMEN OF STILIFER
SUBULATUS; TRIPHORA TURRISTHOMAE WAS COMMON. BIVALVES INCLUDED ANTIGONA SP. ,
ISOGNOMON RADIATUS AND PSAMMOBIA CIRCE. SPONDYLUS AMERICANUS IS COMMON AT
MOST LOCATIONS WITH EXPOSED ROCK SURFACES IN THE NW GULF, SO THE SEVERAL
SPECIMENS BROUGHT UP CAUSED LITTLE STIR. MALLEUS CANDEANUS IS A COMMON IN-
HABITANT OF THE REEFS. AT THE PARTICULAR LOCATION SAMPLED THIS TIME BY THE
DIVERS SILIQUARIA PROVED TO BE EXCEEDINGLY COMMON. SEVERAL LARGE SPECIMENS
AND COUNTLESS SMALLER ONES WERE COLLECTED.

IT WAS THE THIRD LOCATION , HOWEVER, WHICH PROVED THE MOST PRODUCTIVE IN
SPECIES WHICH HAD SO FAR ELUDED US. THE LAST DAY OF THE TRIP A DIVE WAS

PAGE 23

MADE ON THE "CLAY PILE", A SHALE UPLIFT IN THE VICINITY OF STETSON BANK WITH
A SIMILAR MOLLUSK FAUNA, COLLECTING MATERIAL AT THIS LOCATION PROVED TO BE
SOMEWHAT DIFFICULT BECAUSE THE MUDDY BOTTOM CONDITIONS CAUSED THE WATER TO
BECOME MURKY WHEN THE DIVERS DISTURBED THE BOTTOM. HOWEVER THE VERY FIRST
DIVE SCORED A HIT: A VERY LARGE BUT OLD SPECIMEN OF STROMBUS COSTATUS WAS
BROUGHT UP, A SPECIES SO FAR REPRESENTED IN THE MUSEUM COLLECTION BY A
FRAGMENTAL SHELL, IN THE SAME SAMPLE CAME UP A LARGE ANADARA NOTABILIS, A
SPECIES WHICH IS QUITE UNCOMMON IN TEXAS OFFSHORE WATERS. A LARGE CLUMP OF
SPONGE MATERIAL LEAVING A SMALL OPENING SO A LIVE HERMIT CRAB, INDICATING THE
PRESENCE OF A SHELL INSIDE, YIELDED A BEAUTIFUL SPECIMEN OF MORUM DENNISONI

THE SECOND SPECIMEN KNOWN FROM THE NORTHWEST GULF OF MExiIc9. LIVE SPECI-
MENS OF STROMBUS RANINUS DISPLAYED A WHOLE SPECTRUM OF COLORS —— FROM LIGHT
ORANGE TO DARK PURPLE. SOME SPECIMENS HAD THICK BLACKENED LIPS. FURTHER
INTERESTING FINDS WERE SEVERAL LIVE SPECIMENS OF CRASSISPIRA SP, AND DISTOR-
S1O MCGINTYI, WHICH AT THIS LOCATION LIVES TOGETHER WITH DISTORSIO CLATHRATA ,
LYROPECTEN NODOSUS, AND SEVERAL SPECIES OF CONES OF WHICH THE MOST COMMON

IS THE LARGE C, ERMINEUS. AT THIS LOCATION ALMOST ALL BOTTOM FRAGMENTS OF
SHALE WERE BORED BY JOUANETTIA QUILLINGI. THIS SPECIES SEEMS TO THRIVE IN THIS
ENVIRONMENT ON THE LOUISIANA AND TEXAS COAST AND IS IN NUMBERS BY FAR THE
MOST COMMON MOLLUSK ON THE MIOCENE SHALE UPLIFTS. THE GENUS CYMATIUM,
WHICH IS ALSO CHARACTERISTIC FOR THESE STRUCTURES, WAS AT THIS LOCATION REPRE-
SENTED BY C, PILEARE, NICOBARICUM, MURICINUM AND KREBSI, SEVERAL XENOPHORAS
WERE COLLECTED WHICH HAD ATTACHED, AS IS AS USUAL ON THE SHALE DOMES, PIECES
OF SHALE INSTEAD OF SHELL FRAGMENTS TO THEIR SHELLS, A FURTHER SEARCH THROUGH
THE MATERIAL COLLECTED HAS REVEALED AN INTERESTING FAUNA OF MICROMOLLUSKS,
PYRAMIDELLIDS WERE, ALTHOUGH NOT RICH IN SPECIES, QUITE CHARACTERISTIC AND
DIFFERENT FROM MOST OTHER LOCATIONS ON THE SHELF. VITRINELLIDS ARE SIMILAR
LY FEW IN SPECIES, BUT DIFFERENT. CYCLOSTREMISCUS JEANNAE IS THE MOST COM=
MON.

IN CONCLUSION , A REMARK MAY BE MADE ON THE QUITE DIFFERENT APPEARANCE OF THE
VALVES OF PAPYRIDEA SOLENIFORMIS WHEN COLLECTED ON THE FLOWER GARDENS,
WHICH IS PURE CORAL ENVIRONMENT , AND WHEN COLLECTED ON THE SHALE UPLIFTS.,

IT 1S HARDLY CREDIBLE THAT THESE SHELLS ARE SPECIFICALLY IDENTICAL, AND I AM
CONVINCED THAT TWO DIFFERENT SPECIES ARE INVOLVED. THESE DIFFERENCES ARE
EXPRESSED IN THE SHAPE, THE SIZE AND THE COLORATION OF THESE SHELLS. THE
CORAL FORM IS IN GENERAL A LARGE, SOMEWHAT UNSYMMETRICAL FIRM SHELL,

WITH A LIGHT BACKGROUND ON WHICH DOTS OF COLOR ARE PRESENT. THE MUD AND
SHALE FORM WHICH IS THE ONE WHICH OCCASIONALLY WASHES ASHORE ON PADRE IS-
LAND, IS A THINNER SHELL, OFTEN COLORED A UNIFORM ORANGE COLOR, WHICH IS MORE
EVENLY ROUNDED AND SMALLER, .

0000000

PAGE 24

VOLUME IX, No. 2 eae os \. 1] DECEMBER 1972

NOTES| CONCERNING. TEXAS BEACH SHELLS

Helmer Ode Mrs. Anne B. Speers

SU PERFAMILY PYRAMIDELLACEA, PART II. THE ODOSTOMIID GENERA AND
THE GENUS LONGCHAEUS. (CONTINUED FROM VOLUME IX , No. 1)

-.IN OFFSHORE WATERS MANY OTHER ODOSTOMIIDS OCCUR, WHICH SHOULD BE CLASSIFIED
UNDER SUCH DIVERSE GENERA AS IVARA, IOLAEA, CARELIOPSIS, EVALINA AND SALASSIA,
A LIST OF A NUMBER OF WESTERN ATLANTIC TAXA, WHICH BELONG HERE, OR WHICH WE
“CANNOT PLACE OR ABOUT WHICH WE HAVE NO FURTHER INFORMATION, IS AS FOLLOWS:

TURBONILLA (CARELIOPSIS) BERMUDENSIS DALL AND BARTSCH 1911, P.U.S.N.M.,

Wor,''40 > (18207, ©. 279, PL.” 35, Fie. 4.

<CHEMNITZIA CANCELLATA OrRB., 1853. MoLL. CUBA, VoL. 1, P. 225, ATLAS, PL. e
17, FIGS. 1-3.

RISSOA EBURNEA STIMPSON, PMS... PRoe? Bost. Soc. Nam, Bist. , VOLsA,. P..fAc

ODOSTOMIA JONESI VERRILL AND. BusH, 1900. TRANS. CONN. ACAD. ARTS SCl.,
VOL. 10.-P, S31, PL...64. Fic. . 123:

ODOSTOMIA LUBRICA VERRILL AND BUSH 1900. TRANS. CONN. ACAD. ARTS SCI., VOL.
HOz PS 532) Pe. J64) FG... FS.

ODOSTOMIA SPIRATA KURTZ AND STIMPSON

CARELIOPSIS STYLIFORMIS MOoERCH, 1874. SEE Proc. Bost. Soc. NAT. HIST.,
Woe. 40%, P2900:

ODOSTOMIA (IVARA) TERRY! OLSSON AND McGInTY 1958. BULL. 177, AM. PAL., P. 43,
PE. 4 FIG. 4.

ODOSTOMIA (EVALINA) WINKLEY! BARTSCH, 1909. Proc. Bost. Coc. NAT. HIST.,
Wor, 34 (4) Pp. OO. Pe. t3: cie.47.

IV. THE SAYELLA COMPLEX.

QUITE DIFFERENT FROM ALL PREVIOUSLY DISCUSSED ODOSTOMIA'S ARE THE SPECIES OF
THE SAYELLA COMPLEX. A CONFUSED GROUP OF SPECIES LIVES IN DEEP WATER, BUT WE
WILL NOT DUSCUSS THOSE HERE , BECAUSE NONE OF THESE FORMS HAVE AS YET BEEN
FOUND IN BEACHDRIFT. THEY HAVE BEEN VARIOUSLY DESCRIBED UNDER SUCH GENERA AS
PyYRAMIDELLA, EULIMELLA, LOCKLINIA, SYRNOLA, ETC. SEVERAL SPECIES ARE KNOWN
FROM TEXAS OFFSHORE WATERS.

THE FOLLOWING TAXA PERTAIN TO SHALLOW WATER SAYELLAS, ALL LIVING IN COASTAL
ENVIRONMENTS:

ODONTOSTOMIA (SYRNOLA) CALOOSAENSIS DALL, 1892. TRANS. W.F.I.S., VoL. 3

i. Po 252. Pe. 'S, Fic. 128. - (Fossry)
SAYELLA CHEASAPEAKEA MORRISON, 1939. NAuTILUS, VOL. 53 (2), Ps. 45.

PAGE 25

The TEXAS CONCHOLOGIST is the official publication of the Houston Conchology Society,

Inc., and is published quarterly at Houston, Texas.

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MELAMPUS (SAYELLA) CROSSEANA DALL, 1885. P.U.S.N.M., VoL. 8 (519), P. 286,
PL. 18; ‘Fig. 10; 1869; U:S:.NiM.B., 37; Pi: 473 Fier mee

SAYELLA CROSSEANA BAHAMENSIS DALL, 1885. B.M.C.Z., VoL. 25 (9), P. 117

PyRAMIS FUSCA C. B. AbAms, 1839. Bost. J. NAT. Hist. , VoL. 2, P. 282-284,
Pt. 4, FIG. 9. ALSO: Occ, PAP: MoLL:, VoL. 1, Pi 38) Pree eee

MELAMPUS (SAYELLA) HEMPHILLI DALL, 1889. U.S.N.M.B., VoL. 37, P. 92, PL.
AZ. Fie? tie

CHEMNITZIA LAEVIGATA ORB. , 1842. Hist. ISLE CuBA, MoLL., VoL. 1, PL. 17,
Fi6es: F=o:

SAYELLA LIVIDA "DALL" REHDER, 1935. NAuTILUS, VoL. 48 (4), P. 129-130, PL. 7,
FIG. 7. LISTED BY SINGLEY, 1893.

ODOSTOMIA OVULOIDES C. B. ADAMS, 1850. CONTR. CONCH. 7, P. 109-110. ALSo:
Occ; PAP. Mout. 1,.P. 322, Pe: 40, Fic: 4:

JAMINIA PRODUCTA C. B. ADAMS, 1840. Bost. J. NAT. Hist. , 3, P. 322-323, PL.
3, FIG. 8 Atso: Occ. PAP. MoLL. 1, P. 328, PL. 41, FIGS. 8=9.

ODOSTOMIA SOLIDULA C. B. ADAMS, 1850, CONTR. CONCH., VOL. 7, P. 110, Atso:
Gcc. PAP. MOLe., Vour {; @s 343, Pi. @8: Fig. 2s

ORINELLA VANHYNINGI BARTSCH. MENTIONED ON PAGE 15, PUBLICATION 4186, VOL.
#25 (2), SM. Mise: Soke:

SAYELLA WATLINGSI MORRISON, 1939. NAuTiILusS, VOL. 52, P. 45.

PYRAMIDELLA (SYRNOLA?) WINKLEY! BARTSCH, 1909. Proc. Bost. Soe. NAT. HIST.,
VoL. 34 (4), P.-74; Pex TT, Fie. Tf.

WE SUSPECT THAT A NUMBER OF THESE TAXA REPRESENT SYNONYMS OF A RATHER SMALL

NUMBER OF TRUELY DIFFERENT SPECIES, THIS MUST BE ESTABLISHED BY FURTHER STUDY.
AS IN OTHER LISTS BARTSCH'S PLIOCENE SPECIES HAVE BEEN OMITTED.

PAGE 26

Figure 16
Sayella producta C. B. Adams, 1840 - Aransas Pass
at jetty to Harbour Island + 3,00 mm. = May 31, 1957.

A CONSPICUOUS CHARACTER OF OUR TEXAS MATERIAL, AT LEAST WHEN IT IS ALIVE, IS
THE BEAUTIFUL GLASSY BROWN COLOR, PERHAPS A CONSEQUENCE OF THE MUDDY ENVIRON-
MENT IN WHICH THIS ANIMAL LIVES. THE FOUR MAIN CHARACTERS OF TEXAS SAYELLA
ARE:
1) BROWN COLOR
2) LIGHT CONSTRUCTION, WITH A COLUMELLAR FOLD QUITE DIFFERENT FROM
THE ONE SEEN IN MENESTHO OR ODOSTOMIA,
3) LACK OF ORNAMENTATION. IN SOME SPECIMENS A VERY FAINT SPIRAL
SCULPTURE CAN BE SEEN UNDER HIGH MAGNIFICATION.
4) IMMERSED NUCLEUS.

THE COLUMELLAR STRUCTURE COUPLED WITH THE GLASSY BROWN CONSISTENCY OF THE
SHELLS ARE DECISIVE CHARACTERS. IN THE GENUS LONGCHAEUS IT IS CLEAR THAT THE
UPPER TOOTH IS MORE STRONGLY DEVELOPED THAN THE LOWER TWO, WHICH HAVE THE
APPEARANCE TO DESCEND AT A MORE INCLINED ANGLE. THE STRONG PLICA IN MENESTHO
AND_ODOSTOMIA MAY BE HOMOLOGOUS WITH THE UPPER PLICA IN LONGCHAEUS, WHILE
THE LOWER ONES HAVE DISAPPEARED. IN SAYELLA ON THE OTHER HAND, THE STRONG

PAGE 27

PLICA MAY HAVE DISAPPEARED, WHILE A SINGLE LOWER, OR TWO MERGED ONES, WERE
RETAINED. IN MATURE MATERIAL THIS PLICA PRODUCES A SINGULAR TWISTED EFFECT

ON THE COLUMELLA, QUITE DIFFERENT FROM THE SIMPLE PLICA IN ODOSTOMIA,

THE MOST COMMON TEXAS SPECIES IS A MEDIUM SIZE ,.MEDIUM FAT SHELL, SOMEWHAT
VARIABLE IN OUTLINE , WHICH WE HAVE CALLED SAYELLA LIVIDA, WE ARE UNABLE TO
SEPARATE IT CONSISTENTLY FROM FIGURES WHICH HAVE BEEN LABELLED O, LAEVIGATA
Ors. S. LIVIDA MAY, AS REHDER POINTED OUT, BE THE SAME AS S, HEMPHILLI DALL,
A LONG SLENDER SHELL, WHICH BECOMES SOMEWHAT IRREGULARLY COILED WHEN MATURE,
WE HAVE NOTED AS S, PRODUCTA C. B. ADAMS. A NAME GIVEN BY DR. R. ROBERTSON
TO SOME MATERIAL COLLECTED BY US AND Mrs, C. BOONE AT PORT ARANSAS. ALTHOUGH
MATURE SHELLS ARE QUITE SLENDER AND APPEAR MUCH DIFFERENT FROM S, LIVIDA WE
ARE NOT FULLY CONVINCED THAT THEY REPRESENT A DIFFERENT SPECIES. A BIG RATHER
STUBBY SPECIES, WHICH WHEN MATURE, SHOWS A CLEARLY REFLEXED LIP ON THE COLU-
MELLA WE HAVE VENTURED TO NAME SAYELLA FUSCA C. B. ADAMS. BOTH S, LIVIDA

Figure 17
Sayella fusca C. B. Adams, 1839 © Palacios » April
5, 1967 ~ 3.65 mm. © Shell showing typical frace
ture: reflected lip and lower part of outer lip are
broken away.

PAGE 28

Figure 18
Sayella livida Rehder, 1935 - Aransas Pass causes
way - Alive, March, 1957 +» 3.40 mm. = Specimen
showing typical elliptical outline.

AND S. FUSCA ARE DUPLICATED BY MINUTE REPLICAS. THIS IS NOT AN UNCOMMON PHENO-
MENON AMONG PYRAMIDELLIDS. ONE OF THESE COULD BE S, CROSSEANA DALL, THE
OTHER WE ARE MORE HESITANT TO GIVE A NAME. AT THIS POINT, WE MAY SPECULATE
ABOUT THE REASONS FOR THESE SIZE DIFFERENCES. WE SUSPECT THAT BOTH LARGE
AND SMALL FORMS REPRESENT MERELY DIFFERENT POPULATIONS OF THE SAME SPECIES,
WHICH BECAUSE OF DIFFERENCES IN ENVIRONMENT , DEVELOPED DIFFERENTLY. IN VIEW
OF THE LARGE POSSIBLE VARIATIONS IN THE RANGE OF PHYSICAL PARAMETERS OF THE
COASTAL BAY ENVIRONMENT THIS APPEARS POSSIBLE. SALINITY, TEMPERATURE, SEDI-
MENT—LOAD OF THE WATER, ETC. , DURING SPAWNING PERIODS, CAN BE QUITE DIFFERENT
IN THE COASTAL BAYS, THE FACT THAT SO MANY OF OUR COASTAL PYRAMIDEELIDS
DISPLAY THIS SIZE PHENOMENON MAKES ONE SUSPICIOUS OF SIZE AS A SIGNIFICANT
SPECIFIC CHARACTER.

IN SUMMARY , THEN WE MAY STATE THAT TEXAS MATERIAL OF THE GENUS SAYELLA CON-
TAINS PERHAPS NOT MORE THAN THREE HIGHLY VARIABLE SPECIES. UNTIL THE BIOLOGY
OF THESE ANIMALS HAS BEEN MORE FULLY STUDIED, NOTHING OF SIGNIFICANCE CAN BE
ADDED HERE. WE DIVIDE FOR THE TIME BEING OUR TEXAS MATERIAL IN THE FOLLOWING
CATEGORIES:

PAGE 29

SAYELLA PRODUCTA C,. B. ADAMS, 1840. THIS, THE MOST SLENDER AND LONGEST OF
ALL TEXAS SPECIES HAS ONLY BEEN COLLECTED IN THE ROCKPORT- PORT ARANSAS AREA.
FULL GROWN SPECIMENS BECOME SLIGHTLY IRREGULARLY COILED. THE SPECIES MAY BE
A GERONTIC FORM OF S. LIVIDA. (SEE FIG. 16).
LOCALITIES: DEAD MATERIAL NOT UNCOMMON IN THE ROCKPORT—PORT
ARANSAS AREA SELDOM ALIVE.
PREVIOUS REFERENCES: NONE.

SAYELLA FUSCA C, B. ADAMS, 1839. THIS IS A RATHER STUBBY , SOMEWHAT FAT
LOOKING SPECIES, WHICH HAS BEEN COLLECTED ON THE SOUTH TEXAS COAST, FULL
GROWN MATERIAL CAN BE RECOGNIZED BY THE PECULIAR REFLEXED LIP FORMED BY THE
COLUMELLAR PLICA, OFTEN THIS LIP IS BROKEN OFF IN BEACHWORN MATERIAL SO THAT
THE SHELL RESEMBLES A TRUE ODOSTOMIA, WE SUSPECT THAT SHELLS WITH THAT TYPE
OF DEFECT HAVE CONTRIBUTED TO THE TAXONOMIC CONFUSION IN THIS GENUS, OUR
PHOTOGRAPH OF S. FUSCA (SEE FIG. 17) SHOWS SUCH A SHELL AND LATER WE HOPE TO
PUBLISH A FIGURE OF AN UNBROKEN SHELL.

LOCALITIES: PALACIOS, ROCKPORT, PoRT ARANSAS (ALIVE), PORT ISABEL.

PREVFOUS REFERENCES: PARKER, 1959,

Figure 19
Sayella crosseana ? Dall, 1885 » Rockport ~ May
31, 1957 © 2.68 mm.

PAGE 30

PHOTOS BY FRANK VAN MORKHOVEN

Figure 20
Sayella sp. indet. ¢ Indianola Beach » May 30, 1957
1,87 mm. - dwarfed form.

SAYELLA LIVIDA REHDER, 1935. PROBABLY THE BULK OF TEXAS SAYELLA MATERIAL CAN
BE CLASSIFIED AS THIS SPECIES, IT IS IN ALL ITS CHARACTERS RATHER MEDIUM: NOT
LARGE , NOT FAT, NOT SLENDER, (SEE FIG. 18) AND FOR ALL WE KNOW CAN BE INTER-
MEDIATE SIZE S. PRODUCTA. ALIVE IN THE COASTAL BAYS ALONG THE ENTIRE, TEXAS
COAST , BUT MOST OFTEN COLLECTED IN THE SOUTH.

LOCALITIES: ALIVE IN ALL TEXAS COASTAL BAYS.

PREVIOUS REFERENCES: SINGLEY, 1893.

SAYELLA CROSSEANA DALL, 1885. A SMALL VERSION OF ABOVE SPECIES WE HAVE
DESIGNATED AS S. CROSSEANA, BUT WE ARE RELUCTANT TO RECOGNIZE IT AS A TRUE
SPECIES. HOWEVER, WE WILL LIST IT HERE. (SEE FIG. 19) DEAD MATERIAL HAS BEEN
TAKEN FROM GALVESTON BAY AND MATAGORDA BAy.

LOCALITIES: GALVESTON BAY AND MATAGORDA BAy.,

PREVIOUS REFERENCES: SiNGLEY, 1893 AND MAury, 1922, HARRY, 1968.

SAYELLA SPEC. INDET. THE SMALLEST FORM OF SAYELLA IN TEXAS IS OCCASIONALLY
COLLECTED FROM BEACHDRIFT AT SAN LUIS PASS AND ALONG MATAGORDA BEACH. (SEE

PAGE 31

FIG. 20). WHETHER THESE SHELLS ARE MERELY DWARFED SPECIMENS OF ONE OF THE
ABOVE SPECIES WE CANNOT TELL; HOWEVER IT MUST BE CONSIDERED IN THE HIGHEST DE=
GREE UNLIKELY THAT IN A RELATIVELY SMALL STRETCH OF THE U. S. COAST NO LESS
THAN FIVE DIFFERENT BUT QUITE SIMILAR AND EXTREMELY CLOSELY RELATED SPECIES
WOULD LIVE IN THE SAME ECOLOGICAL. NICHE.

LOCALITIES: SAN LUIS PASS, MATAGORDA BEACH, INDIANOLA,

PREVIOUS REFERENCES: NONE.

V. THE TRUE PYRAMIDELLIDS,

THE GENUS LONGCHAEUS. IN CONTRAST TO THE_TURBONILLAS AND ODOSTOMIAS SHELLS
OF THE GENUS LONGCHAEUS ARE CHARACTERIZED BY MORE THAN ONE PLICA ON THE COLUM=—
ELLA. WE BELIEVE THAT IN TEXAS ONLY A SINGLE SPECIES IN THE GENUS LONGCHAEUS
OCCURS, ALTHOUGH IN THE LITERATURE TWO SPECIES HAVE BEEN MENTIONED. HOWEVER
ALL TEXAS MATERIAL WE HAVE SEEN HAS A UNIFORM APPEARANCE AND IS REFERRABLE

TO L. CRENULATUS HOLMES.

LONGCHAEUS CRENULATUS HOLMES, 1859. THIS COMMON BEACHSHELL IS OFTEN FOUND
IN FRAGMENTARY CONDITION ALONG THE ENTIRE TEXAS COAST. LIVE SPECIMENS ARE
OCCASIONALLY OBTAINED IN BEACHDRIFT ALONG THE OUTER BEACHES. THE SHELLS ARE
UNIFORMLY LIGHT BROWN WHEN FRESH, BUT BECOME DULLWHITE OR GRAY WHEN OLD,

LIVE ANIMALS ARE SOMETIMES DREDGED ON MUDDY SANDBOTTOMS IN SHALLOW WATER
(2-8 FMS.) THIS PAST WINTER MEMBERS OF THE HOUSTON CONCHOLOGY SOCIETY COL=

LECTED LIVE SPECIMENS FROM TRAILS IN THE SAND ON FLATS NEAR THE GALVESTON
JETTIES. THE INSIDE OF THE OUTER LIP OCCASIONALLY IS REINFORCED BY A NUMBER OF
INTERNAL RIDGES OR LIRAE; THEY ARE ONLY PERIODICALLY FORMED BY THE ANIMAL, IN
CROSS-SECTIONAL VIEW IT APPEARS THEN THAT THE INNER LIP IS TOOTHED,
LOCALITIES: COMMON IN BEACHDRIFT ALONG THE ENTIRE TEXAS COAST.
LIVES IN THE INLETS AND ALONG THE OUTER BEACHES IN
SHALLOW WATER.
PREVIOUS REFERENCES: FIRST REPORTED BY DALL, 1890, AND SUBSEQUENT—
LY BY MANY OTHER WORKERS,

NOTE ON REFERENCE
FOR THE FOLLOWING INFORMATION WE ARE INDEBTED TO DR. D. R. MOORE.

THE REFERENCE FOR MIRALDA DECORATA FOLIN, 1873, 1S LIA DECORATA FOLIN, 1873,
LES FONDS DE LA MER, 2"171, PL. 6, FIG. 8. (TYPE OF LIA BY MONOTYPY).

LtAMORPHA DECORATA FOLIN, PitsBRy, 1898, MAN. CONCHOL., 17, 323, INDEX.

FAMILY MELONGENIDAE

IN SPITE OF CONSIDERABLE ATTENTION GIVEN TO THE GENUS BUSYCON BY RECENT WORK=—
ERS, IT REMAINS DIFFICULT FOR THE CHRONICLERS OF LOCAL FAUNAS TO DECIDE WHAT
TAXA TO USE. WE HAVE USED FOR THE THREE TEXAS SPECIES THE NAMES B, PERVERSUM
LINNE ,_B. CANDELABRUM LAMARCK AND B, SPIRATUM LAMARCK. THE GENUS MELON-
GENA DOES NOT OCCUR IN TEXAS,

PAGE 32

BUSYCON PERVERSUM LINNE, 1758. Most TEXAS REPORTS FOR THIS SPECIES EMPLOY
THE NAME B, CONTRARIUM CONRAD WHICH SOME EXPERTS CONSIDER SYNONYMOUS WITH
B, PERVERSUM LINNE 1758. Dr. T. PULLEY (SEE ELSEWHERE IN THIS ISSUE) CONSID—
ERS THE LATTER A CLOSELY RELATED FORM OF THE SAME SPECIES. WHATEVER THE CASE
MAY BE, THE SPECIES IN ALL THESE REPORTS CANNOT BE MISTAKEN. IT IS A COMMON
SHELL, OFTEN FOUND ALIVE ALONG THE SURF, ESPECIALLY AFTER A BLOW, THIS UBI-
QUITOUS SPECIES IS ALSO FOUND IN ALL THE COASTAL BAYS AND INLETS AND LIVES OFF=
SHORE IN SHALLOW WATER ALONG THE ENTIRE TEXAS COAST, JUVENILE SPECIMENS, JUST

RELEASED FROM EGG CAPSULES, ARE COMMON IN DRIFT ALONG THE ENTIRE TEXAS COAST,
THE EGG CAPSULES ARE FORMED BY SMALL HOLLOW DISCS, FORMING SPIRAL COILS WHICH

OFTEN CAN BE FOUND IN DRIFT. EACH DISC CONTAINS A FEW DOZEN YOUNG SNAILS,

TEXAS MATERIAL DIFFERS SLIGHTLY FROM FLORIDA MATERIAL IN THAT IT IS IN GENERAL
SOMEWHAT MORE SPINOSE AND MORE TURRETED IN SHAPE. IT WAS GIVEN THE NAME B,
PULLEY! HOLLISTER 1958, LARGE LIVE SPECIMENS CAN BE COLLECTED AT LOW TIDE
ON THE MORE REMOTE MUDFLATS OF GALVESTON WEST BAY. THIS IS A RATHER HEAVY
FORM, BUT THE HEAVY FLORIDA SHELL WITH THE OUTSPOKEN RIDGE ON THE POSTERIOR
END OF THE SHELL IS NOW KNOWN FROM THE TEXAS BEACH,

THE RANGE OF VARIATION IN THE SHAPE OF THE SPECIES IS CONSIDERABLE. A. SPEERS
OBTAINED A NUMBER OF ABNORMALLY FORMED, ALMOST SCALAROID, SMALL, SLENDER
SPECIMENS, Z TO 4 INCHES IN SIZE, ON THE BEACHES OF MUSTANG AND PADRE ISLANDS,
LOCALITIES: COMMONLY ALIVE ALONG THE ENTIRE TEXAS COAST.
PREVIOUS REFERENCES: ONE OF THE MOST OFTEN REPORTED SPECIES IN
TEXAS.

BUSYCON CANDELABRUM LAMARCK 1818. ONLY A FEW SPECIMENS OF THIS RIGHT HAND—
ED SPECIES ARE KNOWNFROM TEXAS BEACH. (MUSTANG ISLAND). IT LIVES APPARENTLY
IN SOMEWHAT DEEPER WATER THAN THE PREVIOUS SPECIES, AND MATERIAL IS NOT SELDOM
DREDGED OFFSHORE GALVESTON AND FREEPORT. ITS COLOR PATTERN IS CLOSE TO THAT
OF B. PERVERSUM, AND CONSEQUENTLY iT HAS BEEN MISTAKEN FOR RIGHTHANDED SPECI-—
MENS OF _B, PERVERSUM, FROM WHICH IT, HOWEVER, DIFFERS SOMEWHAT IN SHAPE AND
SPINOSITY.

LOCALITIES: PoRT ARANSAS

PREVIOUS REFERENCES: NONE,

BUSYCON SPIRATUM LAMARCK, 1816. THE COMMON PEAR WHELK CAN OFTEN BE COLLEC—
TED ALIVE ON THE BEACHES OF TEXAS, ESPECIALLY AFTER HEAVY SEAS, IT LIVES IN THE

SURFZONE ALONG GALVESTON ISLAND AND ALL OTHER PARTS OF THE TEXAS COAST. ALSO
FOUND ALIVE ON THE MUDFLATS OF THE SALINE BAYS AND IN OFFSHORE DREDGINGS FROM

THE SHALLOW SHELF. LARGE FRESH SPECIMENS ARE USUALLY LIVELY COLORED BY
- STREAKS AND BLOTCHES OF REDDISH BROWN. IT APPEARS TO BE A VARIABLE SPECIES
AND HOLLISTER HAS CREATED A NUMBER OF NEW TAXA, SOME HAVING THEIR TYPE OF
LOCALITY IN TEXAS. THUS, ALSO FOR THIS COMMON SPECIES THE TAXONOMY REMAINS
UNSETTLED. WE BELIEVE THAT ONLY A SINGLE SPECIES IS INVOLVED IN OUR MATERIAL,
THE SPECIES HAS BEEN MOSTLY REPORTED AS B, PYRUM DILLWYN. IN THE OLDER LITER-
ATURE ONE FINDS SOME REFERENCES TO B. CARICA GMELIN, 1791, A SPECIES WHICH
DOES NOT LIVE IN THE WESTERN GULF.
LOCALITIES: ALIVE ALONG THE ENTIRE TEXAS COAST,
PREVIOUS REFERENCES: OFTEN REPORTED,

o000000

PAGE 33

BUSYCON PERVERSUM (LInnE!) 1758

(A REVIEW PREPARED BY DR. TOM PULLEY, DIRECTOR OF THE HOUSTON MUSEUM OF
NATURAL SCIENCE, FOR THE INSIDE COVER OF THE PROGRAM FOR THE 38TH ANNUAL
MEETING OF THE AMERICAN MALACOLOGICAL UNION WHICH MET IN GALVESTON IN JULY,
1972, AND REPRINTED HERE WITH HIS PERMISSION. )

LINNE' NAMED THE AMERICAN LEFT-HANDED WHELK MUREX PERVERSUS IN HIS TENTH
EDITION OF "SYSTEMA NATURAE". HE REFERRED TO TWO PREVIOUSLY PUBLISHED FIGURES:
THE SLENDER SHELLED FORM THAT 1S COMMON THROUGHOUT MOST OF THE RANGE OF THE
SPECIES, AND D'ARGENVILLE'S FIGURE IS OF THE HEAVY FORM WITH A SWOLLEN DIAG=
ONAL RIDGE ON THE SIPHONAL CANAL. IT !S DOUBTFUL THAT LINNE' HAD A SPECIMEN OF
EITHER TYPE OF THE SHELL IN HIS POSSESSION AT THE TIME THE TENTH EDITION WAS
WRITTEN; HIS DESCRIPTION WAS PROBABLY BASED ENTIRELY ON THESE TWO FIGURES.

THE QUESTION NOW IS WHETHER THESE FIGURES REPRESENT TWO DIFFERENT SPECIES,

Most TAXONOMISTS RECOGNIZE REPRODUCTIVE ISOLATION AS THE IMPORTANT CRITERION
FOR THE SEPARATION OF SPECIES. SINCE BREEDING EXPERIMENTS TO DETERMINE REPRO-
DUCTIVE COMPATABILITY ARE OFTEN DIFFICULT OR IMPOSSIBLE, INDIRECT EVIDENCE OF
SPECIES ISOLATION, SUCH AS THE PRESENCE OR ABSENCE OF INTERGRADES BETWEEN AD=
JACENT POPULATIONS, 1S USUALLY REGARDED AS ADEQUATE FOR MAKING THE BIOLOGICAL
DECISIONS CONCERNING SPECIES SEPARATION.

IN THE CASE OF THE LEFT-HANDED WHELK, THERE ARE SUFFICIENT COLLECTIONS AVAIL—
ABLE TODAY TO INDICATE THAT IN A LIMITED AREA WEST OF OBREGON, MEXICO, AND IN
DEPTHS FROM THE SHORE OUT TO 18 FATHOMS, THE POPULATION CONSISTS ALMOST ENTIRE-
LY OF THE HEAVY FORM WITH A SWOLLEN RIDGE ON THE SIPHONAL CANAL. ELSEWHERE,
THE LEFT-HANDED WHELK IS MORE LIKELY TO BE A LIGHTER SHELL WITH A SMOOTHLY
TAPERING CANAL. THROUGHOUT THE SHRIMPING GROUNDS OFF CAMPECHE , HOWEVER,
INTERGRADES BETWEEN THESE TWO FORMS OCCUR FREQUENTLY. SINCE THESE INTER
GRADES INDICATE INTERBREEDING AND A LACK OF REPRODUCTIVE ISOLATION, THERE CAN

BE ONLY ONE LIVING SPECIES OF LEFT—-HANDED WHELK, AND IT MUST TAKE THE NAME OF
BUSYCON PERVERSUM (LINNE').

THE ABOVE DESCRIPTION OF THE GEOGRAPHIC VARIATION WITHIN THE SPECIES CLEARLY
INDICATES THAT SUBSPECIES NAMES ARE APPLICABLE. THE FIRST PERSON TO RECOGNIZE
THAT LINNE' HAD COMBINED TWO CATEGORIES IN HIS DESCRIPTION WAS KIENER, WHO IN
1840 PUBLISHED A BEAUTIFUL FIGURE OF THE HEAVY OBREGON FORM WHICH HE DESIGNATED
PYRULA PERVERSA, VARIETY. IN 1848 PHILIPPI! FORMALLY DESCRIBED AND NAMED PYRULA
KIENERI BASED ON KIENER'S FIGURE. IT WOULD THUS SEEM THAT THE PROPER NAME FOR
THE SLENDER FORM OF THE SHELL SHOULD BE BUSYCON PERVERSUM PERVERSUM (LINNE'),
AND THE HEAVY FORM FROM OBREGON IS BUSYCON PERVERSUM KIENERI (PHILIPPI).

A SPECIMEN OF THE HEAVY SHELL IS IN THE LINNAEAN COLLECTION IN LONDON, HOWEVER,
AND SEVERAL RECENT AUTHORS HAVE SUGGESTED THAT IT SHOULD BE REGARDED AS THE TYPE
SPECIMEN. THERE ARE NUMEROUS OBJECTIONS TO ACCEPTING THIS SPECIMEN AS THE TYPE,
BUT IF THEY ARE OVERRULED, THEN THE HEAVY SHELL SUBSPECIES BECOMES BUSYCON
PERVERSUM PERVERSUM (LINNE') AND THE LIGHTER SHELL SUBSPECIES BECOMES BUSYCON
PERVERSUM SINISTRUM (HOLLISTER).

BUSYCON CONTRARIUM (CONRAD) IS AN EXTINCT SPINELESS POPULATION WHICH, IF IT
COULD BE REVIVED, WOULD PROBABLY BE ABLE TO INTERBREED WITH LIVING BUSYCON
PERVERSUM (LINNE'). IF SUCH WERE THE CASE, ITS PROPER NAME WOULD BE BUSYCON
PERVERSUM CONTRARIUM (CONRAD).

PAGE 34

NOTE By H. On&

IN SCIENCE, JULY 21, 1972, VoL. -177 (No. 4045) HAS APPEARED AN ARTICLE OF GREAT
INTEREST TO THE STUDENT OF MOLLUSCAN EVOLUTION. THE TITLE OF THE PAPER IS
"ROSTROCONCHIA: A NEW TYPE OF BIVALVED MOLLUSCS," AND ITS AUTHORS ARE J. PRO-
JITA, B. RUNNEGAR, N. J. MoRRIS AND N. D. NEWELL. IN THE NEW CLASS OF MOL—
LUSKS ARE ASSEMBLED FOUR PALAEONIC GENERA WHICH HAVE AN UNCOILED UNIVALVED
LARVAL SHELL BUT AN UNTORTED BIVALVED ADULT SHELL. THEY HAVE NO HINGE TEETH,
LIGAMENT OR ADDUCTOR MUSCLES AND HAVE A FUSED ALMOST INFLEXIBLE HINGE. THE
AUTHORS CONSIDER THESE MOLLUSKS MORE CLOSELY RELATED TO THE PELECYPODA AND
SCAPHOPODA THAN TO OTHER KNOWN CLASSES OF MOLLUSKS,

REVIEW OF THREE PAPERS IN VOLUME 21 OF THE TRANS. GULF COAST ASSOCIATION OF
GEOLOGICAL SOCIETIES, OCTOBER 1971, 470 PAPERS.

7

BY H. ODE

THREE PAPERS OF INTEREST TO STUDENTS OF THE MOLLUSK FAUNA OF THE NORTHERN
GULF OF MEXICO HAVE APPEARED IN THIS VOLUME. THE FIRST: "GEOLOGY OF THE
FREEPORT ROCKS OFFSHORE TEXAS," BY P, D. WINCHESTER, P. 211-222, DISCUSSES
THE AGE OF A SERIES OF OUTCROPS ABOUT SIX MILES SOUTH OF FREEPORT AND DESCRIBES
THE NATURE OF THIS ROCKY MATERIAL. ACCORDING TO THE AUTHOR IT WAS FORMED
ABouT 8,000 B.P. (BEFORE PRESENT) AS AN OLD OFFSHORE BAR OR BARRIER ISLAND,

WE MENTION THIS PAPER HERE BECAUSE THE MOLLUSK FAUNA — — WHICH IS NOT DIS~
CUSSED IN THE PAPER — ~— ON THIS LINEAR TREND OF SMALL PINNACLES IS QUITE INTER
ESTING. IT iS QUITE LIKELY THAT MOST OF THE COLLECTOR'S ITEMS ON THE BEACH
DERIVE FROM ENVIRONMENTS SUCH AS THESE.

THE SECOND PAPER ENTITLED "ENVIRONMENTAL CONTROLS OF BENTHIC MACROFAUNAL
PATTERNS IN THE GULF OF MEXICO ADJACENT TO THE MISSISSIPPI DELTA," BY R. J.
STANTON AND T. EVANS, Pe. 371-378, COMES TO THE CONCLUSION THAT DISTRIBUTION
PATTERNS OF BENTHIC ORGANISMS ARE CONTROLLED BY CHARACTERISTICS OF THE WATER
MASS AND THAT THE SUBSTRATE ITSELF IS OF SECOND IMPORTANCE IN FAUNAL DISTRI=
BUTION PATTERNS. ONLY THE GENERIC INFORMATION ABOUT MOLLUSKS IS PRESENTED.

THE THIRD PAPER BY W. R. PAMPE ENTITLED "A NEW PLEISTOCENE MARINE FOSSIL
LOCALITY IN CHAMBERS COUNTY, TEXAS," DESCRIBES THE FAUNA OBTAINED FROM A
SANDPIT NEAR WINNIE, ABOUT 20 MILES INLAND FROM THE PRESENT COASTLINE. THIS
FAUNA IS PRACTICALLY IDENTICAL WITH THE FAUNA LIV,ING AT PRESENT IN THE BAYS AND
INLETS OF THE COAST. IT IS UNFORTUNATE THAT NO MICROMOLLUSKS WERE OBTAINED
BY THE AUTHOR. ONE ADDITIONAL REMARK MUST BE MADE HERE. IN PAPERS SUCH AS
THESE WHICH PUT ON RECORD LISTS OF SPECIES WHICH PROBABLY WILL BE QUOTED BY
FUTURE WORKERS ON HOLOCENE FAUNAS, EVERY PRECAUTION SHOULD BE TAKEN TO MAKE
THE CORRECT IDENTIFICATIONS AND TO SPELL THE SCIENTIFIC NAMES CORRECTLY. IN

THIS PAPER THE SPELLING IS ATROCIOUS AND SEVERAL BLUNDERS IN IDENTIFICATION ARE
OBVIOUS; F.1. "TELLINA ALTERNATA” 1S MACOMA MITCHELLI; "PHLYCTIDERMA SEMI-—

ASPERA" 1S ABRA AEQUALIS. NO EXPLANATION OF PLATES 9 AND 10 IS GIVEN, BUT IF
IT 1S TRUE THAT ALL FIGURED SPECIES ARE ALSO LISTED THEN "FASCIOLARIA TULIPA"
1S IN FACT THAIS HAEMOSTOMA, A FAR MORE LIKELY COMPONENT OF A TEXAS HOLOCENE
FAUNA THAN F. TULIPA,

A SHORT Note ABOUT THE CONTENTS OF STOMACHS OF SEASTARS By H. Ove
IN THE COURSE OF DREDGING OPERATIONS TO OBTAIN MOLLUSKS FOR THE COLLECTION OF

PAGE 35

THE MUSEUM OF NATURAL SCIENCE IN HOUSTON, A LARGE NUMBER OF SEASTARS WERE

BROUGHT TO THE SURFACE AT TWO LOCATIONS OFFSHORE GALVESTON. SO FAR WE HAVE
MADE NO EFFORT TO IDENTIFY THIS SPECIES AND CONSEQUENTLY AT THIS MOMENT IT 1S
ONILY POSSIBLE TO MAKE THE STATEMENT THAT THE SPECIES IS A COMMON ONE, RATHER
SMALL AND OF A REDDISH COLOR,

THE STOMACH CONTENTS OF THESE ANIMALS WAS INVESTIGATED BY Mr. H. GEIS WHO
CUT OPEN A LARGE NUMBER OF THEM,

fe)
LOCATION: oa. 29' N. , 94°, 31’ W, DEPTH 20 FATHOMS; BOTTOM: SANDY MUD WITH
SHELL DEBRIS.

OuT OF ABOUT 80 SEASTARS WERE OBTAINED:

136 TECTONATICA PUSILLA

16 ALABINA CERITHIDIOIDES

DOSINIA ELEGANS
EULIMASTOMA SP, (PROBABLY JUV. CANALICULATA)
RETUSA CANDEI
NUCULA PROXIMA
CHIONE CLENCHI
NUCULANA ACUTA (?)
SOLARIORBIS SP,
ABRA AEQUALIS
ONOBA (?) SP.

Bb

——- —= —= WH Wa kh

ALL THIS MATERIAL IS EXTREMELY SMALL, ONLY A FEW SPECIMENS REACH 2 MM,

LocaTion: 28° 35! Ni: 95° 09' W., DEPTH 16 FATHOMS; BOTTOM: MUD, OUT OF ABOUT
70 SEASTARS WERE OBTAINED:
73 TECTONATICA PUSILLA
14 ALABINA CERITHIDIOIDES
3 CHIONE CLENCHI
3 JUV. MANGELIIDS (PROB. JUV. KURTZ IELLA ATROSTYLA)
2 ALVANIA AUBERIANA
1 NUCULA PROXIMA
1 MITRELLA LUNATA
1 NUCULANA ACUTA
1 EULIMASTOMA SP. (PROBABLY JUV. CANALICULATA)

ALL MATERIAL VERY SMALL ABOUT 2 MM.

FROM THIS LIST IT IS CLEAR THAT THE SEASTARS MAINLY SUBSIST ON TECTONATICA
PUSILLA, WHICH AT THESE LOCATIONS ARE QUITE COMMON. HOWEVER, THE SEASTARS
WILL APPARENTLY DEVOUR ANY OTHER SPECIES OF GASTROPOD OR BIVALVE WHICH THEY
HAPPEN TO FIND.

REVIEW: LIFE IN THE SEA BY GUNNAR THORSON, 256 PAGES, WORLD By H. Ove
UNIVERSITY LIBRARY , MCGRAW HILL BooK COMPANY, 1971.

FOR THIS EXCELLENT LITTLE BOOK I PAID $2.95 CANADIAN. IT IS A GENERAL TEXT ABOUT
MARINE BIOLOGY , BUT FOR THE SHELL COLLECTOR, WHOSE HORIZONS ARE A LITTLE WIDER
THAN THE MERE ACCUMULATION OF PRETTY SHELLS, THERE 1S MUCH INFORMATION ABOUT
MOLLUSKS. DURING HIS LIFE THE AUTHOR WAS PROFESSOR OF MARINE BIOLOGY AT COPEN=—

PAGE 36

HAGEN UNIVERSITY AND DIRECTOR OF THE MARINE BIOLOGICAL LABORATORY AT HELSINGOR
IN DENMARK. IT IS IN MY OPINION AN EXTREMELY WELL BALANCED TEXT IN WHICH NO _
PARTICULAR GROUP OF ANIMALS RECEIVES UNDUE ATTENTION NOR IS THE EUROPEAN FAUNA
USED EXCLUSIVELY TO PROVIDE EXAMPLES AND ILLUSTRATIONS, FOOD CHAINS, LIFE
CYCLES AND BIOLOGICAL RELATIONSHIPS ARE CLEARLY SET FORTH. THE BOOK IS SO
FILLED WITH INTERESTING INFORMATION ABOUT MOLLUSKS THAT | SHALL NOT ATTEMPT
TO REPEAT ANY OF IT. THE CHAPTERS IN IT ARE TITLED AS FOLLOWS: 1. THE SEA AS
HABITAT; 2. PLANKTON; 3. NEKTON; 4. LIFE AND DEATH IN THE PHOTIC ZONE; 5. A
WORLD WITHOUT LIGHT; 6. LIFE ON THE BOTTOM; 7. THE SUPRALITTORAL AND LITTORAL
ZONES; 8. THE SUBLITTORAL ZONE; 9. BELOW TWO HUNDRED METRES; 10, THE SEA AS
SOURCE OF FOOD; 11. SOME AREAS OF IGNORANCE.

HIGHLY RECOMMENDED.
SEARCH AND SEIZURE By CONSTANCE BOONE

RECENTLY I WAS ASKED TO REPLY TO A REQUEST FOR THE POSSIBILITIES OF SHELLING IN
OUR AREA THIS FALL, AND SO ONCE AGAIN I HAD OCCASION TO THINK ABOUT HOW OUR
SHELLING MIGHT APPEAR TO VISITORS. THE SAME VIEWS ALSO SEEM TO APPLY TO NEW-
COMERS TO THE SHELL GAME ON OUR SHORES. MyY OWN ENTHUSIASM FOR LOCAL FAUNA
INCLUDES THE MINUTE AND MICROSCOPIC AND EXTENDS TO ANY AND EVERYTHING I FIND,
SO TRYING TO TELL SOMEONE SEEKING A NEW SHORE ABOUT OUR SHELLING MAKES ME
REALIZE THAT WHAT TEXAS SHORES HAVE TO OFFER MAY NOT BE THE MOST EXCITING,

TO SAY THE LEAST.

THOSE OF YOU WHO TRIED TO FIND SHELLS DURING THE RECENT WEEK ENDS IN OCTOBER
WHICH WERE SUPPOSED TO HAVE A FEW LOW TIDES KNOW THE EFFORTS MIGHT HAVE BEEN
MAGNIFICENTLY EXECUTED BUT WITH VERY LITTLE RESULTS, I HAD A FOUR DAY HOLIDAY
DURING THE OCTOBER FULL MOON PERIOD AT PORT ARANSAS AND ROCKPORT. THE TIDES
WERE “REDFISH TIDES" AND OVERFLOWING INTO DUNES AND GRASSES IN THE BAYS. I
WALKED MILES ALONG MUSTANG ISLAND AND FINALLY HAD TO BE SATISFIED WITH EXAMINING
COLONIES OF DONAX UNCOVERED WITH THE WAVES. ONCE I READ A STUDY THAT SAID THESE
LITTLE SHELLS WEREN'T UNCOVERED WITH EVERY WAVE, AND THIS DID SEEM TO BE TRUE.
THERE WAS LITTLE DEBRIS FOR COLLECTION TO FIND MICROS. I WAS SO DETERMINED TO
TRY AND GET SOME OF THE SMALL THINGS FROM A SPOT I HAVE BEEN GOING TO ON THE

IN TRACOASTAL CANAL AT ARANSAS PASS THAT | GOT OUT IN WAIST DEEP WATER (WHICH
SHOULD HAVE BEEN INCHES DEEP! ) AND SCOOPED UP TROWELFULS OF BOTTOM MATERIAL

TO PUT INTO A NET SIEVE. I DID MANAGE TO GET SOME LIVE TELLINA TAMPAENSIS, ONE
JUVENILE, LIVE PHACOIDES PECTINATUS , ONE LIVE GEMMA, BUT THERE WERE NO ODO-

STOMIAS, NO HENRYAS, NO SAYELLAS THAT I HOPED TO GET.

ON THE WAY HOME, WITH A FEW HOURS TO SPARE , MY HUSBAND SAID HE'D LIKE TO REVISIT
Port O'CONNOR. IT USED TO BE A FAVORITE FISHING SPOT OF OURS, BUT I HAVE NEVER
TRIED TO SHELL THERE. THIS TIME ! WAS WILLING TO LOOK FOR SHELLS AS I WAS LOOK-
ING FOR SOMETHING TO BRING HOME. I ASKED TO GET OUT AND EXAMINE A ROCK GROIN AND
TO WALK ALONG A LITTLE COVE TO A CEMENT WALL. AND SO IT WAS THAT I FOUND A NICE
COLONY OF PEDIPES MIRABILIS UNDER LARGE SMOOTH ROGKS AT HIGH TIDE LEVEL. |!
DON'T BELIEVE THIS SPECIES HAS BEEN FOUND LIVING NORTH OF PORT ARANSAS BEFORE
ALTHOUGH SEVERAL OF US HAVE GOTTEN VERY FRESH SPECIMENS IN THE DRIFT AT GAL-
VESTON AND SOMEDAY WE HOPE TO FIND THE LIVING ONES THERE. THERE ARE CERTAIN-
LY PLENTY OF ROCK GROINS AND JETTY AREAS IN GALVESTON WHERE A COLONY OF THIS
SPECIES COULD ESTABLISH.

| ALSO FOUND LIVE LITTORINA NEBULOSA , ON THE GROIN ROCKS AND ON THE CEMENT WALL;

PAGE 37

MELAMPUS BIDENTATUS UNDER ROCKS, AND ONE LIVE TRUNCATELLA PULCHFLLA, A BEAU=
TIFULLY RIBBED ONE , UNDER A ROCK. NOW, FINDING THESE THINGS PLEASED ME VERY
MUCH. | DOUBT IF THEY WOULD HAVE PLEASED A VISITOR OR A NEWCOMER THAT MUCH,
MosT OF MY FRIENDS SAY YOU HAVE TO HAVE X-RAY EYES TO ENJOY THESE SMALL SPE=
cies. (P.S. THE 10xX HAND LENS THAT CAN BE PURCHASED AT THE HOUSTON MUSEUM
SALES COUNTER FOR $1.50 1S A GREAT LITTLE INSTRUMENT TO CARRY ON FIELD TRIPS.

IT WOULD MAKE A NICE STOCKING GIFT FOR A SHELLER.)

SPEAKING OF FINDING NEW COLONIES ESTABLISHED OF NOT UNUSUAL SHELLS REMINDS ME
TO REPORT THAT A GOOD START HAS BEEN MADE BY NERITINA RECLIVATA IN THE GRASS=—
ES ON CANEY CREEK NEAR TINA AND FRANK PETWAY'S BEACH HOUSE. ONE NIGHT AT
THEIR HOME I NOTICED SOME OF THIS SPECIES IN THEIR BIG AQUARIUM, ‘THEY DIDN'T
THINK THE SHELLS WERE UNUSUAL FOR TEXAS AT ALL SINCE THEY HAD BEEN ABLE TO
COLLECT THEM EASILY. BUT THIS SPECIES IS NOT COMMON IN TEXAS AND SO THIS NOTE
IS IMPORTANT. SEVERAL OF US HAVE COLLECTED IT WASHED IN ON SHORE, SOMETIMES
ON BAMBOO BUNCHES, AND I KNOW THAT AN OCCASIONAL SPECIMEN IS COLLECTED IN THE
BAYS NEAR FREEPORT AND GALVESTON, BUT THIS NEW COLONY IS WELCOMED. TINA SAYS
THAT A NEIGHBOR ON CANEY CREEK BROUGHT IN SOME OF THE SHELLS FROM THE GULF
BEACH AND PUT THEM AMONG THE GRASSES WHERE THE HABITAT WAS A NATURAL,

THIS THEN BRINGS UP ONE MORE NOTE. ON A FIELD TRIP LAST SPRING AT FREEPORT,
SAN LUIS, WHEN THE TIDES WERE VERY HIGH AND PICKINGS WERE VERY POOR, WE WENT
TO THE BAY SIDE TO SEE WHAT WE COULD FIND ON THE OYSTERS OR AT THE FOOT OF REEDS
FOR THE NEW SHELLERS AMONG US. ONE OF OUR NEWER MEMBERS TOOK THE HINT TO PICK
UP OLD OYSTERS AND OTHER OLD SHELLS TO SEEK MINUTE LIVE SPECIMENS SUCH AS ODO-
STOMIAS AND ANACHIS. IT WAS INSIDE AN OLD MODIOLUS DEMISSUS GRANOSISSIMUS
THAT JOHN KOSUT FOUND A TINY LIVING NERITINA VIRGINEA, FIRST ONE I'VE SEEN IN THIS
AREA IN RECENT YEARS.

I'D SAY THAT SHELLING IN TEXAS TAKES A LOT OF LEG WORK AS WELL AS A DETERMINATION

TO STUDY WHAT IS_ HERE ON SHORE. SINCE WE HAVE MANY MILES TO BEACHES TO COVER,
WE WOULD WELCOME ANY NOTES ON COLLECTING YOU WILL SHARE WITH OUR READERS,

PAGE 38

MOLLUSCANA By W. W. SUTOW, M. D.

LIKE MY OTHER TREKS TO THE SOUTH PACIFIC, THE MARSHALL ISLAND ASSIGNMENT THIS
PAST SEPTEMBER HAD ITS HIGHLIGHTS. ONE OF THE EXCITING MOMENTS CAME EARLY —
ON THE OUTWARD LEG.

THE TRIP THIS YEAR WAS AN EMERGENCY: | HEEDED THE CALL FROM THE ATOMIC ENERGY
COMMISSION AND BROOKHAVEN NATIONAL LABORATORY TO JOIN A SPECIAL INTERNATIONAL
TEAM FOR A CONCENTRATED MEDICAL SURVEY IN THE MARSHALL ISLANDS. THE NATURE OF
THE ASSIGNMENT AND THE MEDICAL (AS WELL AS POLITICAL) IMPLICATIONS OF OUR WORK
GENERATED AN AURA OF URGENCY ABOUT OUR ACTIVITIES THAT DAMPENED OUR SPIRITS FOR
ANYTHING OTHER THAN OUR MISSION,

MUCH OF THIS, HOWEVER, OCCURRED AFTER WE HAD SET SAIL FOR THE OUTER ISLANDS
FROM KWAJALEIN. THE FIRST STOP ON MY WAY OUT WAS HONOLULU. GOOD LUCK
FAVORED ME. I LANDED IN HONOLULU ON LABOR DAY WHEN THE HAWAIIAN MALACOLOGI-—
CAL SOCIETY SHELL FAIR WAS ABOUT TO OPEN,

THE SHELL SHOW WAS AGAIN HELD IN THE EXHIBITION SECTION OF THE GROUND FLOOR

OF THE FABULOUS ALA MOANA SHOPPING CENTER. SOME 40 EXHIBITS IN ABOUT 60

CASES WERE SHOWN. THE JUDGING WAS DONE BY DR. ALISON KAY, DR. C. M. BURGESS,
AND ELLIS Cross. BY THE TIME THESE WORDS ARE PRINTED, MANY OF THE READERS WILL
HAVE SEEN THE REPORT OF THE SHOW IN THE OCTOBER, 1972 ISSUES OF THE HAWAIIAN
SHELL NEWS. IT 1S POSSIBLE ALSO THAT TOM RICE'S IMPRESSIONS OF THE SHELL SHOW
WILL HAVE APPEARED IN "OF SEA AND SHORE",

ONE OF THE MAJOR AWARDS OF THE SHOW, THE SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION TROPHY, WAS
WON BY ANDY BUTLER FOR AN OUTSTANDING LIVE AQUARIUM. THIS REPRESENTED A TRANS—
PLANTED CORAL GARDEN FROM THE REEF OFF THE HAWAIIAN COAST NEAR KOKO HEAD AT
ABOUT 150 FEET DEPTH. NUMEROUS LIVE COWRIES WERE PROMINENT, INCLUDING CYPRA-

C, SULCIDENTATA.

THE DUPONT AWARD FOR THE BEST EXHIBIT OF THE SHOW WAS GIVEN TO A DISPLAY
ENTITLED "WORLD WIDE SHELLS AND STAMPS" BY MR, AND Mrs. STEWART F,. ARMING —
TON FROM CLEVELAND, OHIO. THIS PRIZE WINNER CONSISTED OF THREE LARGE CASES
SHOWING SEASHELLS—-ON-STAMP STAMPS ALONG WITH THE ACTUAL DEPICTED SHELL SPECIES
ITSELF, THE EXHIBIT CONTAINED MANY RARE SHELLS THAT PROVIDED COLOR AND EXCITE-
MENT TO THE WELL DISPLAYED COLLECTION.

THE SHELL OF THE SHOW WAS A FINE SPECIMEN OF CYPRAEA SURINAMENS!S OWNED BY
DONALD ROWLAND, JR. THIS RARE BEAUTY APPARENTLY HAD WON THE COVETED HONORS
OVER TWO OTHER RARE COWRIES, CYPRAEA GUTTATA AND CYPRAEA ROSSELLI, BOTH OF
WHICH WERE SHOWN IN THE SAME EXHIBIT. THE RIBBON FOR THE BEST HAWAIIAN SHELL
WAS AFFIXED TO A GORGEOUS AND HUGE SPECIMEN OF TONNA MELANOSTOMA COLLECTED

BY ED KONOPKE OFF WAIKIKI. THE AWARD FOR THE BEST EXHIBIT AMONG THE JUNIORS
WAS GIVEN TO DAVID ORNELLES (AGE 13) FOR HIS DISPLAY OF "WORLD WIDE CowRIES”.
THE SHOW COMMITTEE THIS YEAR HAD A CATEGORY FOR "CRABBED, BEACH AND DEAD—
COLLECTED SHELLS" — A DELIBERATE CONSERVATION-ORIENTED MOVE.

* KK K K K O*

PAGE 39

WHILE BROWSING THROUGH A SHELL STORE INTHE WAIKIKI AREA OF HONOLULU, I CAME
ACROSS A BOOKLET ENTITLED "HAWAIIAN SEASHELLS"., THE COST WAS $2. THE AU-
THOR WAS NOT DESIGNATED, THE BOOKLET WAS PUBLISHED IN 1972 BY ROBERT Boom.
THIS HANDBOOK PROVED TO BE SURPRISINGLY GOOD. THE 137 SHELLS (ALL GASTROPODS)
WERE DEPICTED IN FINE COLOR. SUFFICIENT INFORMATION CONCERNING EACH SHELL WAS
GIVEN TO MAKE THIS PUBLICATION A MOST USEFUL REFERENCE FOR HAWAIIAN SHELLS,

IT 1S RECOMMENDED.

OF PARTICULAR INTEREST TO ME WAS THE IDENTIFICATION OF THOSE SPECIES THAT ARE
RESTRICTED TO HAWAIIAN WATERS. SO DESIGNATED WERE THE FOLLOWING SPECIES:
MITRA ASTRICTA LAMARCK; CONUS SPICERI BARTSCH & REHDER; CONUS ABBREVIATUS
REEVE; CYPRAEA SULCIDENTATA GRAY; CYPRAEA FESELLATA SWAINSON; CYPRAEA GAS=
KOINI REEVE; CYPRAEA GRANULATA PEASE; MUREX PELE PILSBRY; STROMBUS HELLI
KIENER; STROMBUS VOMER HAWAIENSIS; PATELLA TALCOSA GOULD; PATELLA SANDWICH-—
ENSIS PEASE; AND PHALIUM UMBILICATUM PEASE.

* * * * K *K *

ANOTHER HIGHLIGHT OF MY TRIP OCCURRED ON KWAJALEIN. | HAD A CHANCE TO TALK
FACE TO FACE WITH SOME OF THOSE WHO ACTUALLY MADE THE DIVES AND BROUGHT BACK
LIVE SPECIMENS OF CYPRAEA AURANTIUM, THE GOLDEN CowrRy. THIS EXCITING NEWS
WAS PUBLICIZED WIDELY IN THE MARCH 1972 ISSUE OF THE HAWAIIAN SHELL NEWS,
THE COUNT IS NOW WELL OVER 27 REPORTED IN THE HAWAIIAN SHELL NEWS. ONE
SPECIMEN I SAW HAD A DEEP ORANGE FLUSH THAT MADE IT EXTREMELY ATTRACTIVE.

ACCORDING TO A NEWSLETTER DISTRIBUTED TO MEMBERS OF THE KWAJALEIN MALACOLO—
GICAL. SOCIETY, TWO DIVERS (ROGER LEMASTER AND ROGER MEISENBACH) EACH HAD
FOUND A LIVE GOLDEN COWRY IN ABOUT 50 FEET OF WATER OFF THE OCEANSIDE DROPOFF
AT ONE OF THE ISLANDS OF THE KWAJALEIN ATOLL SOME YEARS AGO. MORE RECENTLY,
At HARTY AND ED PERRY DELIBERATELY PLANNED FOR THE "GOLD HUNT" AND STRUCK
PAY DIRT. SINCE THEN A NUMBER OF LIVE SPECIMENS HAVE BEEN FOUND. REPRODUCED
BELOW ARE EXTRACTS OF THE NEWSLETTER (WHICH UNFORTUNATELY WAS ANONYMOUS).

"LIKE ALL COWRIES, CYPRAEA AURANTIUM IS NOCTURNAL AND HIDES DURING THE DAY.

IT 1S VEGETARIAN , FEEDING UPON ALGAE SCRAPED OFF BY MEANS OF ITS RIBBON OF
RADULAR TEETH. THE MOTTLED MANTLE IS APPARENTLY EXTREMELY SENSITIVE TO LIGHT,
BUT IS SPECTACULAR WHEN IT IS EXPOSED, IT MOST CLOSELY RESEMBLES THE MANTLE
OF CYPRAEA LYNX, C. CARNEOLA OR C,. VITELLUS, AND WOULD BE PERFECT CAMOUFLAGE
IF THE ANIMAL USED IT FOR THAT PURPOSE. THE HAIRY PROJECTIONS ARE BRANCHED AND
PROFUSE , WHILE THE WHITISH~CREAM BLOTCHES ARE INTERSPERSED WITH CHOCOLATE
BROWNISH COLOR. TRACES OF WHITE AND BLACK ARE ALSO PRESENT. THE GOLD IS
FAINTLY VISIBLE BENEATH THE LIGHTER PORTIONS OF THE MANTLE. SO FAR, THEY HAVE
BEEN FOUND SINGLY IN SMALL CAVELIKE HOLES IN THE HONEYCOMB DROP-OFF ON THE
OCEANSIDE REEFS. ...."

* kK * K K *K

| MAY HAVE MENTIONED THIS BEFORE — BUT ONE OF THE HELPFUL REFERENCES (I ALWAYS
CARRY THIS WITH ME ON THE TRIPS TO THE MARSHALL ISLANDS) IS A REPRINT OF AN ART=
ICLE ENTITLED "MICRONESIAN REEF-ASSOCIATED GASTROPODS" BY J. DEMOND WHICH
APPEARED IN PACIFIC SCIENCE, JULY 1957, 11:275-341. (THE REPRINT IS STILL
AVAILABLE AT A COST OF $2.50 FROM SEVERAL BOOK DEALERS, E.G. TOM RICE). AL-
THOUGH ONLY GASTROPODS ARE LISTED, THE SPECIES DESCRIBED ARE GENERALLY COLLEC=
TIBLE WITHOUT DIVING.

PAGE 40

BOOK REVIEWS By W. W. Sutow, M. D.

THE SEASHELLS OF SAGAMI BAY By TOKUBE! KURODA , TADASHIGE HABE AND
KATURA OYAMA, PUBLISHED BY MARUZEN Co., LTD., ToKyYo, 1971. 741 PAGES OF
JAPANESE TEXT, 489 PAGES OF ENGLISH TEXT, 105 COLOR PLATES, 16 BLACK AND WHITE
PLATES AND 51 PAGES OF INDEX. $59.00

SAGAMI BAY 1S SITUATED OFF CENTRAL JAPAN, CONNECTING WITH THE PACIFIC OCEAN
SOUTH OF THE TOKYO~YOKOHAMA AREA. TOKYO BAY IS THE NORTHERN EXTENSION OF
SAGAMI BAY. THE BROAD EQUATORIAL CURRENT (WITH WATER TEMPERATURES RANGING
FROM 68 TO 82 DEGREES FAHRENHEIT) SWEEPS UP THE EASTERN COAST OF ASIA AND
SPLITS TO ENVELOP THE JAPANESE ISLAND CHAIN. THE COLD KUROSHIO CURRENT FLOWS
DOWNWARD ALONG THE SIBERIAN COAST AND MIXES WITH THE TROPICAL CURRENT OFF THE
COASTS OF JAPAN. THUS SAGAMI BAY PROBABLY HAS A MIXED AND RICH MOLLUSCAN
FAUNA OF TROPICAL AND COLD WATER SPECIES,

THE SHELLS DESCRIBED AND PHOTOGRAPHICALLY REPRODUCED IN THIS BOOK WERE ALL
COLLECTED BY THE EMPEROR OF JAPAN IT 1S NOTED THAT THE EMPEROR HAD BEEN
INTENSELY ACTIVE IN NATURAL HISTORY SINCE HIS GRADE SCHOOL DAYS. THE WRITING

OF THE TEXT OF THE BOOK WAS BEGUN 15 YEARS AGO BY DR. KURODA, THE WELL~KNOWN
JAPANESE MALACOLOGIST. BECAUSE OF HIS ADVANCING AGE, DR. KURODA SUBSEQUENTLY
RECEIVED THE ASSISTANCE OF DR. HABE AND DR. OYAMA,

THE FOREWORD STATES THAT 683 GENERA, 1121 SPECIES AND SUBSPECIES ARE DESCRIBED.
OF THESE, 30 GENERA AND 104 SPECIES AND SUBSPECIES ARE REPORTED IN PRINT FOR THE
FIRST TIME. THE NEW SPECIES ARE DOCUMENTED IN DETAIL. THE LITERATURE REFERENCES
ARE CITED IN FULL FOR ALL SPECIES. AUTHOR, YEAR, JOURNAL, VOLUME AND PAGE
CITATIONS ARE LISTED. DESCRIPTIVE TEXT IS BRIEF EXCEPT FOR THE NEWLY DESCRIBED
SPECIES. HOWEVER, INFORMATION REGARDING ACTUAL MEASUREMENTS OF THE FIGURED
SPECIMEN, TYPE LOCALITY, LOCALITY AND DISTRIBUTION ARE GIVEN. AS USUAL THE
PICTURES ARE SHARP AND THE COLORS EXCELLENT.

THE BOOK OBVIOUSLY SHOULD BE USEFUL FOR ANYONE SPECIALIZING IN SHELLS OF JAPAN,
THE NEW SPECIES UNDOUBTEDLY ARE DISTRIBUTED ELSEWHERE IN THE JAPANESE WATERS
AND FOR THOSE SPECIES THE BOOK PROVIDES INFORMATION NOT AVAILABLE IN OTHER
PUBLICATIONS.

THIS MASSIVE TOME IS BEAUTIFULLY PRODUCED AND WILL PLEASE THE CRITICAL BIBLIO—
PHILE AS WELL AS THE SCIENTIST. BUT THE BOOK IS EXPENSIVE. FORTUNATELY, THE
MAJORITY OF THE SPECIES SHOWN HAVE ALREADY BEEN ADEQUATELY DOCUMENTED BY
COLOR PHOTOGRAPHS IN A NUMBER OF POPULAR BOOKS ABOUT SEASHELLS FROM THIS PART
OF THE WORLD.

(THIS BOOK HAS BEEN PURCHASED BY THE GEORGE G. MAJORS MEMORIAL FUND FOR THE
LIBRARY OF THE HOUSTON CONCHOLOGY SOCIETY).

* * KK KOK K

THE EROTIC OCEAN. A HANDBOOK FOR BEACHCOMBERS. BY JACK RUDLOE.
NEw YORK. WORLD PUBLISHING Co. 1971. 448 PAGES. $15.00

THIS BOOK WITH THE INTRIGUING TITLE SEEMS TO HAVE BEEN INTENDED TO DO FOR THE
ATLANTIC COAST FAUNA WHAT RICKETTS' BETWEEN PACIFIC TIDES DID FOR THE FAUNA

PAGE 41

OF THE PACIFIC COAST OF THE UNITED STATES. THE AUTHOR DRAWS ON HIS MANY
YEARS OF EXPERIENCE AS A COMMERCIAL COLLECTOR OF BIOLOGICAL SPECIMENS AND HAS
ATTEMPTED TO PUT BETWEEN COVERS HIS OBSERVATIONS OF A VARIETY OF MARINE ANI=
MALS INCLUDING MOLLUSKS.

TEN CHAPTERS ARE UTILIZED TO DESCRIBE A NUMBER OF DIFFERENT HABITATS ALONG THE
ATLANTIC COAST, FLORIDA SEASHORES AND THE COASTS ALONG THE GULF OF MEXICO.
THE AUTHOR DEFINITELY HAD THE SHELL COLLECTOR IN MIND WHEN HE WROTE THESE
CHAPTERS BECASUE THEY ARE CHUCK FULL OF PRACTICAL HINTS, BITS OF UNUSUAL INFOR=
MATION AND FASCINATING ANECDOTES, A NUMBER OF PHYLA ARE THEN DISCUSSED WITH
GENERAL COMMENTS AND DESCRIPTIONS OF SELECTED GENERA AND SPECIES,

THE STYLE IS POPULAR — NO DIFFICULT SCIENTIFIC DISCOURSES ARE PRESENTED. THE
BOOK IS READABLE — BUT FALLS SHORT OF THE SCIENTIFIC SCOPE AND QUALITY THAT SO
EMINENTLY CHARACTERIZED THE BOOK BY RICKETTS. THE ATFEMPT TO COVER A VAST
FIELD NECESSARILY CURTAILED THE CONTENTS OF EACH COMPONENT SECTION. THUS,
FOR THE PHYLUM MOLLUSCA, ONLY FOUR BIVALVES ARE DESCRIBED ALONG WITH ONLY
SIX GASTROPODS.

FOR A BOOK OF THIS TYPE, THE REVIEWER WAS LEFT WITH THE IMPRESSION THAT MANY
PHOTOGRAPHS OF THE ANIMALS DESCRIBED WOULD HAVE BEEN DESIRABLE. AMONG THE
STRONG FEATURES OF THE PUBLICATION ARE THE INSTRUCTIONS AND INFORMATION (ALONG
WITH A GOOD BIBLIOGRAPHY) ON THE SUBJECT OF PRESERVATION OF MARINE SPECIMENS.

(THIS BOOK HAS BEEN PURCHASED THROUGH THE GEORGE G. MAJOR FUND FOR THE
LIBRARY OF THE HOUSTON CONCHOLOGY SOCIETY).

* * * KOK OK *

DIE EVROPAISCHEN MEERMUSCHELN (BIVALVIA) VOM EISMEER BIS KAP-

VERDEN, MITTELMEER UND SCHWARTZES MEER, sy FRITZ NORDSIECK.
GUSTAV-FISCHER VERLAG. STUTTGART. 1969. 256 PAGES.

THIS PUBLICATION (IN GERMAN) DEALS WITH BIVALVES FROM THE EUROPEAN WATERS
FROM NORTH SEA TO THE MEDITERRANEAN SEA AND THE BLACK SEA, IT IS A COMPAN—
ION VOLUME TO THE BOOK ON GASTROPODS PUBLISHED EARLIER BY THE SAME AUTHOR,

THE TEXT IS ENTIRELY IN GERMAN. THERE ARE 25 PLATES OF LINE DRAWINGS DEPICTING
THE SHELLS DESCRIBED IN THE TEXT. ONLY 100 REFERENCES COVERING THIS VAST FIELD
ARE LISTED IN THE BIBLIOGRAPHY.

* * KK K K *

KINGDOM OF THE SEASHELL, By R. TUCKER ABBOTT. NEW YORK, CROWN
PUBLISHERS, INC. 1972. 256 PAGES. $14.95.

THIS REVIEW WILL BE SHORT. THIS BOOK IS GOOD! THE REVIEWER RECOMMENDS THAT
EACH MEMBER OF THIS SHELL CLUB PURCHASE A COPY FOR HIMSELF OR HERSELF AND
READ THE BOOK — INSTEAD OF ANY REVIEWS. WHERE IS A BOOK TO OWN, TO SEE, TO
ENJOY AND FROM WHICH TO LEARN. THE PAGES ARE PROFUSELY ILLUSTRATED WITH MANY
BEAUTIFUL COLOR PLATES. THE TEXT IS AUTHORITATIVE AND IT IS FULL OF INFORMATION
OF ALL SORTS RELATING TO THE SEASHELL AND SHELLCOLLECTING.

* * * K K K *

Pace A?

A.M.U. CONSERVATION NEWS

THREE IMPORTANT MOTIONS, LATER ADOPTED AT THE ANNUAL BUSINESS MEETING, WERE
PASSED BY THE CONSERVATION COMMITTEE AT THE AMERICAN MALACOLOGICAL UNION
CONVENTION IN GALVESTON JULY 12, 1972.

THE FIRST tS THE FOLLOWING RESOLUTION:

"WHEREAS THE AMERICAN MALACOLOGICAL UNION IS ACTIVELY PROMOTING AND SPONSOR=
ING THE PLACEMENT OF SEVERAL FRESH WATER AND LAND MOLLUSKS ON THE OFFICIAL
UNITED STATES ENDANGERED SPECIES LIST, AND WHEREAS THE LISTING OF SUCH SPE-
CIES DOES NOT NECESSARILY CONVEY PROTECTION OF SUCH SPECIES ON THE ENDANGERED
STATUS OF SUCH SPECIES, THEREFORE , THE CONSERVATION COMMITTEE OF THE A.M.U.
HEREBY REQUESTS THE COOPERATION OF ALLA.M.U. MEMBERS IN ASSISTING WITH THE
PROTECTION OF SUCH LISFED SPECIES WHENEVER POSSIBLE, AND REQUESTS THAT A.M.U.
MEMBERS PROMOTE THIS ATTITUDE TO OTHER SHELL COLLECTORS BY ADOPTING THE FOL
LOWING RESOLUTION:

Be !IT RESOLVED FHAT HENEEFORTH ALL A.M.U. MEMBERS IN ORDER TO PROMOTE THE
PROTECTION OF ALL MOLLUSCAN SPECIES OFFICIALLY LISTED AS ENDANGERED By THE
UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT, WILL ADOPT THE FOLLOWING POLICY WHENEVER CALLED
UPON TO ACT AS JUDGE, CRITIC, COMMENTATOR, ETC. OF ANY SHELL SHOW OR EXHIBIT.
ANY SHELL EXHIBIT ENTERED IN- COMPETITIONFOR ANY AWARD, RIBBON, OR OTHER DESIG—
NATION OF MERITORIOUS RECOGNITION WILL BE-ELIMINATED FROM ALL CONSIDERATION
FOR ANY AWARD, RIBBON, ETC, , IF THE EXHIBIT UTILIZES A SHELL OR SHELLS OF ANY
MOLLUSK SPECIES APPEARING ON THE OFFICIAL ENDANGERED SPECIES LISTS.OF THE U.S.
GOVERNMENT. THIS DOES NOT APPLY TO THE USE OF PHOTOGRAPHS, SLIDES, DRAWINGS,
ETC. OF SUCH SPECIES, NOR DOES IT AFFECT THE MINIMAL USE OF SUCH SPECIES IN
LIMITED, NON-COMPETITIVE , EDUCATIONAL EXHIBITS,

BE IT FURTHER RESOLVED THAT ON ADOPTION OF THIS RESOLUTION BY THE MEMBERS OF
THE A.M.U., A COPY OF THIS RESOLUTION WILL BE SENT TO ALL MEMBER CLUBS WITH
THE REQUEST THAT THEY PUBLISH IF IN THEIR CLUB PUBLICATION IN ORDER THAT THIS
POLICY WILL BECOME GENERALLY KNOWN TO AS MANY COLLECTORS AS POSSIBLE,"

AT THE MOMENT, THIS RESOLUTION APPLIES TO BUT ONE SPECIES -
PAPUINA PULCHERRIMA. THE CLUB WILL BE NOTIFIED WHEN OTHERS APPEAR ON THE
OFFICIAL LIST.

THE OTHER TWO MOTIONS PASSED CONCERN AWARDS TO BE GIVEN FOR OUT STANDING ECO=
LOCIGAL AND CONSERVATION ACTIVITIES. ONE WILL BE A "TROPHY, PLACQUE , FRAMED
CERTIFICATE OR SIMILAR AWARD" FOR THE BEST EXHIBIT IN A SHELL SHOW DEMONSTRA-—
TING SOME MALACOLOGICAL FEATURE OF A SPECIES OR GROUP OF SPECIES. EXHIBITS
USING PHOTOGRAPHS , SLIDES, MOVIES, DRAWINGS OF THE LIVING MOLLUSCAN ANIMAL
ARE ENCOURAGED, A SECOND AWARD WILL BE GIVEN TO A SHELL CLUB THAT HAS DONE
THE MOST — — WITH A SCRAPBOOK AS EVIDENCE —- =~ TOWARD A CONSERVATION PROJECT.

PRESIDENT DEE DUNDEE NAMED DR. RUTH TURNER AND DR. DONALD MOORE TO WORK
OUT THE DETAILS OF THE FWO AWARDS FOR SUBMISSION TO THE COUNCIL OF A.M.U.
AT THE 1973 MEETING.

FOR THOSE OF YOU WONDERING WHAT THIS SPECIES IS THAT IS THE ONLY MOLLUSK ON

THE ENDANGERED LIST OF THE U. S. GOVERNMENT AT PRESENT, IT IS THE BEAUTIFUL
GREEN TREE SNAIL THAT YOU SEE IN ALL THE SHELL STORES. IT CAN BE SEEN AS YELLOW,

PAGE 43

TOO, AS CLOROX BLEACHES THE GREEN SHELL TO BRIGHT YELLOW. THE PRICE IS USUALLY
AROUND $1.50 To $2.00. IT IS ABOUT AN INCH TO INCH AND HALF LONG AND COMES ONLY
FROM MANUS ISLAND, ONE OF THE ADMIRALTY GROUP IN THE SOUTH PACIFIC: IT HAS
BEEN IMPORTED BY THE THOUSANDS UNTIL PUT ON THE ENDANGERED LIST. THE PRESENT
ENDANGERED SPECIES CONSERVATION ACT OF THE U. S. GOVERNMENT IS A COMBINATION
OF PARTS OF TWO ACTS PASSED IN 1966 AND 1969. THE ONE IN 1969 WAS THE ONE THAT
HELPED PUT THIS GREEN SNAIL ON THE LIST AS THIS ACT PROVIDED THAT WHEN THE U.S.
FINDS AN ANIMAL TO BE ENDANGERED WORLDWIDE IT CAN BE BANNED FROM IMPORTATION
INTO THE UNITED STATES.

WHILE WORK IS GOING ON TO SURVEY THIS COUNTRY TO DETERMINE WHAT OTHER MOLLUS-—
CAN SPECIES SHOULD BE PUT ON THE LIST IN THE UNITED STATES, THE LEGAL PROCESSES
MOVE SLOWLY BECAUSE THE COMPLETE RECORDS OF SPECIES ARE NOT KNOWN FROM ALL
AREAS. A SPECIES WILL NOT BE PUT ON THE LIST UNTIL ALL THE EVIDENCE tS IN TO
SUPPORT THE "ENDANGERED" CONTENTION. A SPECIES MAY BE SCARCE OR EVEN EXTINCT
IN ONE PART OF OUR COUNTRY BUT MAY BE MAINTAINING A NORMAL GROWTH PATTERN
ELSEWHERE.

SHELL CLUB MEMBERS ARE ASKED TO ASSIST THE OFFICE OF ENDANGERED SPECIES OF
THE U. S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR BY POINTING OUT TO SHELL SHOPS THAT THIS>
GREEN SNAIL CAN NO LONGER BE IMPORTED AND ASKING THAT IT NO LONGER BE BOUGHT
FROM DEALERS OFFERING IT. IT tS DIFFICULT FOR INSPECTORS TO FIND AMONG SHELL
IMPORTS TO THIS COUNTRY THE GREEN SNAILS THAT STILL ARE SENT IN.

ALSO, SHELL CLUB MEMBERS SHOULD BE AWARE OF THE GENERAL SALE PRICE OF THIS
SHELL UP TO DATE SO THAT WE CAN DISCOURAGE BLACK MARKET PRICES ONCE THE SUP=
PLIES GET LOW OF THOSE NOW ON HAND.

o000000

. e a
FiveE SHELLS OF A DIFFERENT COLOR By H. ODE

ANY CONCHOLOGIST WHO HAS TRIED TO IDENTIFY SHELLS IS AWARE OF THE FACT THAT HE,
OFTEN IN DEFIANCE OF THE RULES OF LOGIC, HAS TO RELY ON THE AUTHORITY OF MANY
PREVIOUS WORKERS SO THAT MANY A TIME THERE IS LITTLE SCOPE FOR HIS OWN INGENU~
ITY AND IMAGINATION. FOR THOSE CONCHOLOGISTS WHO WANT A PROBLEM OF IDENTIFICA—
TION WHERE THEY MAY EXERCISE THEIR INGENUITY TO THE UTMOST, RELY PURELY ON.
LOGIC AND BE FREE FROM THE FETTERS OF AUTHORITY , THE FOLLOWING STORY, SAID TO
HAVE HAPPENED DURING THE RECENT A.M.U. CONVENTION, IS PRESENTED.

FIvE LADIES WHICH WE WILL NAME MorTON, MITCHELL, SMYTH, BLACK AND WHITE,
ENTERED A SHELL SHOP SOMEWHERE IN TEXAS, AMONG THEM WERE A FOREIGN VISITOR
AND A SCUBA DIVER. EACH SELECTED A FINE SPECIMEN OF A FULLY MARINE SPECIES
OF A BIVALVE OR A GASTROPOD LIVING AT PRESENT IN THE WESTERN GULF OF MEXICO
AND WHICH OCCASIONALLY CAN BE COLLECTED ON THE BEACHES OF TEXAS,

THE LADIES INTRODUCED THEMSELVES TO THE DEALER AND TALKED ABOUT SHELL COLL—
ECTING AND DIVING, THE DEALER INFERRED FROM THE CONVERSATION THAT ONE OF THE
LADIES WAS A FOREIGNER AND ONE, PERHAPS THE SAME PERSON, A DIVER. HE POLITELY
INQUIRED WHO THE VISITOR WAS AND WHO THE DIVER,

ONE OF THE LADIES LIKING A PRACTICAL JOKE ANSWERED: "I WILL TELL YOU. Mrs,
MITCHELL BOUGHT A SHELL NAMED BY THE AUTHOR OF THE EARLIEST ACCEPTED SOURCE

Danrme AA

IN TAXONOMY. THE ONLY SHELL WHICH HAS THE TRIVIAL NAME WHICH IS A PATRONYM OF
ONE OF OUR NAMES BELONGS TO A DIFFERENT CLASS OF MOLLUSKS AS THE ONE OUR VISI-
TOR BOUGHT. MOREOVER HER SHELL IS NOT THE LARGE DARK RED ONE."

BEFORE THE DEALER, THOROUGHLY ASTONISHED, COULD REPLY, ONE OF THE LADIES CHIMED
IN: "HOW INTERESTING , YOU KNOW, THE TENTH EDITION. I BUY ONLY SHELLS DESCRIBED
BY THAT AUTHOR." ANOTHER LADY TURNED TO HER AND REMARKED: "SO DO 1I, DEAR,

BUT MUCH LONGER THAN YOU. I WONDERED WHY YOU, BEING A DIVER, BOUGHT YOUR
SHELL, BUT | SEE NOW THAT YOURS CANNOT BE OBTAINED BY DIVING,”

THE DEALER SMILED. "THANK YOU FOR YOUR HELP, MAM. I KNOW NOW THE ANSWERS
TO MY QUESTIONS," AND ENTERING IN THE SPIRIT OF THE GAME HE CONTINUED: "YOUR
VISITOR BOUGHT THE YELLOW SHELL AND THE DIVER THE SHELL MENTIONED IN THE STATE-
MENT THAT WAS OF NO USE TO ME. AM I RIGHT?"

THE LADIES ADMITTED THAT HE WAS RIGHT. THE DEALER PAUSED A MOMENT BEFORE RE-
SUMING WITH A TWINKLE IN HIS EYE. "THERE REMAINS THE LITTLE TRIFLE OF PAYMENT.
FOR THIS SPECIAL OCCASION I WILL REDUCE MY PRICES TO THE NEAREST DOLLAR. Now
THEN, IF ONE MULTIPLIES THE PRICES OF THESE THREE SHELLS 1) THE SHELL Mrs.
WHITE BOUGHT , 2) THE ONLY SHELL WHOSE GENERIC NAME EQUALS ITS TRIVIAL NAME AND
3) THE BROWN SHELL, ONE OBTAINS A NUMBER 692 IN EXCESS OF THE EARLIEST PUBLI-
CATION DATE IN TAXONOMY."

THE FIVE LADIES IN TURN WERE ASTONISHED AND WERE SILENT, SO THE DEALER CONTIN=-
UED, "Mrs. SMYTH WILL PAY HALF OF THE TOTAL BILL. MOREOVER THE SUM OF MONEY
PAID FOR THE RED SHELL, THE SHELL OF MRS, MITCHELL AND THE FINE GASTROBOD OF
Mrs. BLACK, WHICH BY THE WAY COST MORE THAN Mrs. MorTON'S SHELL, EQUALS
TWICE THE AMOUNT OF MONEY THE LATTER OWES ME FOR HER LARGE SHELL."

ALL EYES LOOKED AT Mrs. MorTON'S SHELL. "WHAT WOULD YOU SAY THAT ITS COLOR
WAS?" , ASKED ONE OF THE LADIES. "ft WOULD SAY," SAID THE DEALER, "YOU ALL
BOUGHT A SHELL OF A DIFFERENT COLOR."

Mrs. MITCHELL PICKED UP HER SHELL. "IT 1S DEFINITELY NOT BROWN OR WHITE, BUT
ITS OPERCULUM IS MUCH DARKER. WELL," SHE EXCLAIMED, "THE PRICE IS MARKED ON
brs

THE DEALER BENT OVER. "THAT IS THE CORRECT PRICE, MAM." Mrs. MORTON LOOKED
AT HIM, SAT DOWN, AND SAID, "EXCUSE ME, # MUST CHECK YOUR STATEMENTS," AND
PROCEEDED, LEFTHANDEDLY TO SCRIBBLE ON A PIECE OF PAPER. r

"VERY CURIOUS,” THE DEALER OBSERVED TO HER, "QUITE A COINCIDENCE. YOU HAVE
THAT IN COMMON WITH YOUR SHELL,”

"IT 1S RATHER OBVIOUS," THE LADY OBSERVED COOLY, "BUT BY NO MEANS SO REMARK=
ABLE AS THE FACT THAT THE ONLY SHELL NAMED AFTER OUR COUNTRY WILL FIND A HOME
OUTSIDE IT!"

HER SCRIBBLING DONE SHE ADDRESSED THE DEALER WITH SOME ASPERITY: "YOU WERE
NOT QUITE FAIR. IT IS IMPOSSIBLE TO STATE THE PRICE OF EACH OF OUR SHELLS,"

"| BEG YOUR PARDON, MAM," ANSWERED THE DEALER, AND AFTER SOME REFLECTION,

PaGcF 45

HE ADDED, "YOU ARE QUITE RIGHT, OF COURSE. LET ME GIVE YOU THE INFORMATION
YOU NEED." HERE HE WAS INTERRUPTED BY THE SCUBA DIVER WHO SWEETLY ASKED:
"CAN YOU STATE WHICH SHELL IS CHEAPEST?"

"No," SAID THE DEALER, "AND THAT IS ALL THE INFORMATION YOU NEED."

THE READER IS ASKED TO NAME THE DIVER AND THE VISITOR, TO IDENTIFY THE SHELL
EACH LADY BOUGHT AND TO STATE THE PRICE OF EACH SPECIMEN. THERE ARE NO TRICKS.
AND ALL SPECIMENS ARE WELL KNOWN COLLECTORS ITEMS, OFTEN DISPLAYED AT SHELL
SHOWS IN TEXAS. IT CAN BE DONE WITH SOME INGENUITY. THE SOLUTION WILL FOLLOW
IN A LATER ISSUE OF THIS VOLUME.

FOR THE FOLLOWING INFORMATION WE ARE INDEBTED TO Dr. D. R. Moore.

THE REFERENCE FOR MIRALDA DECORATA FOLIN, 1873, 1S LIA DECORATA FOLIN, 1873,
LES FONDS DE LA MER, 2:171, PL. 6, FIG. 8. (TYPE OF LIA BY MONOTYPY),

LIAMORPHA DECORATA FOLIN, Pivcsspry, 1898,-MAN. CONCHOL. , 17, 323. INDEX.

O000000

A SURVEY OF THE MOLLUSCAN FAUNA OF THE NORTHWEST GULF OF MEXICO-
r a
PRELIMINARY REPORT. By H. ODE

THIS PRELIMINARY REPORT ON THE MOLLUSCAN FAUNA OF THE NORTHWEST GULF OF
MEXICO IS NOT MORE THAN AN ENUMERATION OF THE SPECIES CATALOGUED DURING WORK
IN THE PERIOD 1965-1970. THE PURPOSE OF THIS LIST IS TO REPORT THE PROGRESS
OF THE SURVEY AND TO DESCRIBE BRIEFLY SOME PRELIMINARY RESULTS AFTER 5 YEARS
OF WORK. IT 1S HOPED THAT THE LIST ALSO MAY BE OF INTEREST TO SEVERAL WORKERS
IN THE FIELD OF MALACOLOGY IN THAT IT SHOWS THE UNEXPECTED RICHNESS OF THE
NORTHWEST GULF OF MEXICO FAUNA,

MATERIAL OBTAINED AT ABOUT 200 LOCATIONS DURING THE YEARS 1965-1968 HAS NOW
BEEN PROCESSED. SAMPLES WERE WASHED, DRIED, SPLIT INTO ABOUT 11,000 LOTS
AND CLASSIFIED. THE RESULTS ARE SUMMARIZED !N THIS REPORT.

THE PROJECT WAS STARTED IN 1965 WHEN Mr. H. GEIS OF HOUSTON ARRANGED WITH
THE BUREAU OF COMMERCIAL FISHERIES AT GALVESTON AND DR. T. PULLEY, DIREC—
TOR OF THE HOUSTON MUSEUM OF NATURAL SCIENCE, TO OBTAIN DREDGE SAMPLES OF
BOTTOM FAUNA FOR THE MUSEUM OF NATURAL SCIENCE AT HOUSTON. THIS MATERIAL
IS NOW HOUSED IN THIS MUSEUM. MEMBERS OF THE HOUSTON CONCHOLOGY SOCIETY
HAVE SORTED, PROCESSED, AND IDENTIFIED THIS MATERIAL, THIS WORK WAS CARRIED
OUT IN THE SPARE TIME OF THE PARTICIPANTS.

IN ADDITION TO THE SAMPLES OBTAINED BY THE BUREAU OF COMMERCIAL FISHERIES

OF GALVESTON, TWO COLLECTING TRIPS WERE MADE IN COOPERATION WITH THE U. S.
NAVY , WHICH PROVIDED A DESTROYER FOR TWO DIVING EXPEDITIONS TO THE CORAL REEFS
FRINGING THE TEXAS COAST OF THE CONTINENTAL SHELF. ONLY THE MATERIAL OF THE
FIRST TRIP 1S INCLUDED IN THIS REPORT. OTHER MATERIAL WAS ADDED BY DREDGING
OPERATIONS IN THE BAYS AND OTHER COLLECTING TRIPS.

IT NEED HARDLY BE STATED HERE THAT BECAUSE OF THE UNCERTAINTY CONCERNING THE
TAXONOMY OF MANY GROUPS OF MOLLUSCS AND THE LACK OF TIME TO CHECK MUSEUM

PAGE 46

MATERIAL IN OTHER COLLECTIONS, IT WAS IMPOSSIBLE TO DO THE CLASSIFICATION AND
IDENTIFICATION OF SPECIES WITH THAT PRECISION WHICH IS NECESSARY FOR A FINAL
REPORT. THE NAMES OF A LARGE NUMBER OF SPECIES IN THIS LIST ARE MERELY TEN-
TATIVE AND CANNOT BE CONSIDERED IN ANY WAY DEFINITE. A CONSIDERABLE NUMBER

OF CHANGES, CORRECTIONS AND ADDITIONS WILL HAVE TO BE MADE. THE RESPONSIBILITY
FOR ALL PRELIMINARY IDENTIFICATIONS RESTS WITH THE AUTHOR. SPECIES WHICH WERE
UNKNOWN HAVE BEEN DESIGNATED AS SPECIESA, B, ETC. SUCH DESIGNATIONS DO NOT
NECESSARILY MEAN THAT THESE SPECIES ARE NEW OR UNDESCRIBED. A NUMBER OF THEM
PROBABLY ARE BUT THE VERIFICATION OF THESE AND MANY OF THE ENUMERATED SPECIES
WILL REQUIRE MUCH TIME AND EFFORT.

THE MAIN BODY OF THE REPORT CONSISTS OF TWO LISTINGS: (1) A LIST OF LOCATIONS
FROM WHICH MATERIAL WAS OBTAINED BY DREDGING, DIVING OR OTHERWISE. IT 1S
ARRANGED AS FOLLOWS: IN THE FIRST COLUMN THE CODE NUMBER FOR THE PARTICULAR
LOCATION 1S GIVEN; IN THE SECOND COLUMN ITS COORDINATES ARE LISTED; IN THE THIRD
AND FOURTH COLUMNS THE BOTTOM DEPTH AND THE BOTTOM CONDITION, RESPECTIVELY,
ARE STATED. (2) A LIST OF ALL SPECIES ENCOUNTERED. THIS LIST IS ARRANGED IN

A CONVENTIONAL MANNER ACCORDING TO FAMILY WETH OMISSION OF ALL HIGHER CATE-
GORIES. ALSO INDICATED ARE NUMBER OF LOCATIONS, DEPTH RANGES AND BOTTOM CON>
DITIONS.

ALL MATERIAL, EXCEPT FOR A SPECIMEN COLLECTION WHICH WAS PLACED IN THE BUREAU
OF COMMERCIAL FISHERIES AT GALVESTON, IS HOUSED IN THE MUSEUM OF NATURAL
SCIENCE IN HOUSTON.

DURING THE PERIOD 1968-1972 , AN ADDITIONAL NUMBER OF SAMPLES WAS OBTAINED
WHICH HAVE BEEN WASHED AND PARTLY SORTED. THEY WILL BE INCLUDED IN THE FINAL
REPORT. THE SPECIES LIST WHICH IS SUBMITTED HERE IS THUS KNOWN TO BE INCOM—
PLETE AND WILL EVENTUALLY REACH ABOUT 1500 SPECIES IN ABOUT 20 ,000 LOTS. THE
BULK OF THE SAMPLES ON WHICH THIS PRELIMINARY LIST IS BASED WAS OBTAINED IN THE
FREEPORT—- GALVESTON SHELF AREA, IN WATERS BETWEEN 10-70 FATHOMS, ALTHOUGH
A FEW SAMPLES COME FROM DEEPER WATER AND SOME FROM BAY ENVIRONMENT. BE-
CAUSE OF THE VERY UNEQUAL DENSITY OF SAMPLING AND THE LACK OF INFORMATION CON-
CERNING THE SOUTHERN PART OF THE TEXAS SHELF AREA, THE SUBMITTED RESULTS GIVE
ONLY AN APPROXIMATE INDICATION ABOUT THE COMPOSITION OF THE TEXAS MOLLUSK
FAUNA. ESPECIALLY THE LACK OF INFORMATION ABOUT THE FAUNA BETWEEN 100-300
FATHOMS, WHICH tS RICH, IS FELT TO BE A SERIOUS GAP IN OUR KNOWLEDGE.

WORK ON THE COLLECTION IS CONTINUING AT A STEADY PACE. THIS WORK WILE CON-
SIST IN INPROVEMENT OF THE RESULTS OBTAINED SO FAR: THE ADDITION OF THE AS YET
UNWORKED SAMPLES; AND THE PREPARATION OF A MORE DETAILED REPORT. THE INCLU-
SION OF PHOTOGRAPHS OF ALL DISCUSSED SPECIES IS PLANNED AND PHOTOGRAPHY IS IN
PROGRESS.

IN CONCLUSION THE AUTHOR WISHES TO ACKNOWLEDGE THE HELP OF THOSE WHO HAVE
GIVEN SO FREELY OF THEIR SPARE TIME TO MAKE THIS UNDERTAKING POSSIBLE. ALL
WORKERS ARE IN PARTICULAR INDEBTED TO MR. H. GEIS, AT WHOSE HOUSE ALL OF
THE WORK WAS DONE , AND WHO PROVIDED CONTINUOUS ENCOURAGEMENT AND IMPETUS
TO THE PROJECT. WITHOUT HIS INITIATIVE, THIS EXTENSIVE COLLECTION WOULD NOT
HAVE BEEN POSSIBLE.

PAGE 47

IN LIST:

A = ALGAL REEF
C = CORAL REEF
M= MUD
=
S = SAND, SANDY MUD, SILT, ETC.
1s UNKNOWN GENUS, SP. A 6 LOC.
S CISSURELLIDAE
rea SCISSURELLA PROXIMA 6 Loc.
Se SCHISMOPE SP. A TF eect
HALIOTIDAE
4; HALIOTIS POURTALESI hstoc.
F 1SSURELLIDAE :
as ZEIDORA BIGELOWI l7toce
6. RIMULA FRENULATA 4 oc.
re RIMULA AEQUISCULPTA SLOG:
8. EMARGINULA PHRIXODES 4 toc.
9. EMARGINULA PUMILA le OC.
iO) EMARGINULA SICULA 1iLOC
1 FISSURELLA SP. A LOG.
12. | -DIODORA CAYENENSIS 2a LOG:
13. DIODORA SAYI oe.
14, DIODORA JAUME! SxLoc.
1S DIODORA META 2hOG..
16. LUCAPINA SOWERBYI 2 toc.
LAs LUCAPINA AEGIS L fee.
18. LUCAPINELLA LIMATULA Loc.
ACMAEIDAE
19. ACMAEA PULCHERRIMA 3 Loc.
T ROCHIDAE
20. SOLARIELLA SP. A 5 toc.
21. SOLARIELLA SP, B 2 Loc.
224 SOLARIELLA SP. C G Eoc.
23; SOLARIELLA sP. D 6 OG
24, CALLIOSTOMA JUJUBINUM BALoc.
nD CALLIOSTOMA ROSEOLUM 2 LG.
26. CALLIOSTOMA PULCHRUM 7 0G.
rly CALLIOSTOMA FASCINANS tS Loe.
28: CALLIOSTOMA EUGLYPTUM G06;
29. CALLIOSTOMA YUCATECANUM 18 Loc,
30. CALLIOSTOMA OREGON 2 Loc.
re CALLIOSTOMA SP, A A.LOG.
oat GAZA SUPERBA 1 Lee.
LIOTIIDAE
33. LIOTIA BAIRDI 2 Loc.
34. LIOTIA SP. A 3 LOG.
35; LIOTIA sP. B i Loe,
36. MECOLIOTIA SP. A SLOG.
af. ARENE VARIABILIS 1. Boe.
38, ARENE SP. A Li Loe.
PAGE 48

OUTCROPS (PLEISTOCENE ROCKS, MOSTLY SHELL CONCRETIONS, ETC

AND

13-85 FMS.

67-167 FMS.

25-28 FMS.

25-28

25-28
10-28
10-28
10-28
25-28
25-28
2o-28
4-32
10-50
10-30
10-28
8-16
'3=-16
25

10-28

110-170 FMS.

167 FMS,
32-167 FMS.
67-500 FMS,

4-20
10-30
11-25
10-43

4-25

4=37

70-75
6-23
?

70-75
10-28
25-28
10-28

70

50-170 FMS.

FMS,

FMS.
FMS.
FMS.
FMS.
FMS.
FMS.
FMS.
FMS.
FMS.
FMS.
FMS.
FMS.
FMS.
FMS.

FMS,

FMS.
FMS.
FMS.
FMS.
FMS,
FMS,
FMS.
FMS.

FMS.
FMS.
FMS,
FMS,
FMS,

2 ®@

MIOCENE UPLIFTS).

CAS

>

>

°

-

fo)

> > >

eo. 0%

-

TOA roan FY > OO OF

2)
>

>
O

~NZTNONZNNOZZzZ2Z
O O

>

= PO
fe)

--TO BE CONTINUED

VOLUME IX, NO, 3 ; | Tho ple MARCH, 1973

NOTES CONCERNING TEXAS BEACH SHELLS
sites Ode . Mrs. Anne B. Speers

IN THIS AND THE FOLLOWING ISSUE OF TEXAS CONCHOLOGIST WE WILL PRESENT THE
LAST INSTALLMENTS OF OUR SERIES "TEXAS BEACH NOTES.” THERE REMAIN TO BE
TREATED A SMALL NUMBER OF INCONSPICUOUS SMALL BIVALVES ABOUT WHICH LITTLE
1S KNOWN EXCEPT THAT SOME PROBABLY LIVE COMMENSALLY WITH OTHER ORGANISMS.
THEY ARE CLASSIFIED IN SEVERAL FAMILIES: LEPTONIDAE, KELLIIDAE, ERYCINIDAE
AND MONTACUTIDAE. IN PAST ISSUES WE HAVE ILLUSTRATED SO FAR TWO SPECIES OF
LEPTONACEIDS. HERE WE REPORT ABOUT TWELVE SPECIES IN ALL, SEVERAL OF WHICH
WE CANNOT NAME, BUT IN OUR COLLECTIONS REMAIN A NUMBER OF UNIDENTIFIED SMALL
SPECIES WHICH ARE PROBABLY LEPTONACEIDS SO THAT THE TOTAL NUMBER OF SPECIES
ALONG THE TEXAS BEACH IS CERTAINLY IN EXCESS OF THE NUMBER REPORTED HERE,
FROM OFFSHORE WATERS WE HAVE COLLECTED MANY MORE SPECIES, MOST OF WHICH
WE CANNOT IDENTIFY.

FAMILY LEPTONIDAE

CN THE TEXAS BEACH ONLY A SINGLE, BUT WIDESPREAD SPECIES, LEPTON LEPIDUM
SAY, 1826. THIS OCCASIONALLY COMMON, GLASSY CLEAR AND EXTREMELY THIN,
SMALL BIVALVE IS A TYPICAL SURF AND INLET INHABITANT. WE HAVE NEVER COLLECTED
IT IN DREDGINGS FROM THE GULF OF MEXICO. SMALL PAIRS ARE NOT UNCOMMON IN THE
FRESHLY WASHED IN UPPER TIDELINE DRIFT ALONG THE ENTIRE TEXAS COAST ALIVE.
UNDER THE MICROSCOPE THE SPECIES SHOWS VERY FINE RADIATING STRIAE. WE HAVE
NEVER SEEN THE SPECIES ATTACHED TO CERTAIN ARTHROPODS WITH WHOM IT 1S REPORT-—
ED TO LIVE COMMENSALLY.

PREVIOUS REFERENCES: LISTED IN TEXAS CONCHOLOGIST

LOCALITIES: ALONG THE ENTIRE COAST, OCCASIONALLY COMMON IN BEACH—

DRIFT.

FAMILY KELLIIDAE

CNLY A SINGLE SPECIES IN THE GENUS KELLIA OCCURS ON THE TEXAS BEACH. SEVERAL
SPECIES IN THE GENUS ALIGENA WE REPORT HERE FOLLOWING THE TREATISE ON PALEON-
TOLOGY.

KELLIA C.F. SUBORBICULARIS MONTAQU, 1803. WHETHER OUR SPECIES IS CORRECTLY
DESCRIBED BY THE ABOVE TAXON WILL HAVE TO BE DECIDED LATER. K. SUBORBICULAR-
is LIVES APPARENTLY IN THE ENTIRE COASTAL REGION OF THE NORTH ATLANTIC, BOTH
ON THE NORTH AMERICAN AND EUROPEAN CONTINENTS. IT IS A SMALL, GLOBOSE BI-
VALVE WHICH CAN SOMETIMES BE COLLECTED IN PAIRS FROM EMPTY BORINGS MADE BY
BANKIA OR TEREDO IN DRIFT WOOD FOUND ALONG THE TIDELINE. IN OFFSHORE DREDGED
MATERIAL IT 1S OFTEN PRESENT IN BORINGS IN SHELLS AND WOOD,
PREVIOUS REFERENCES: NONE

LOCALITIES: GALVESTON, MATAGORDA, PORT ARANSAS, SOUTH PADRE ISLAND.

PAGE 49

The TEXAS CONCHOLOGIST is the official publication of the Houston Conchology Society,

Inc., and is published quarterly at Houston, Texas.

The TEXAS CONCHOLOGIST is mailed, postpaid, to regular and subscribing members of the

Society, with the exception that only one copy is mailed to a family.

RATES AND DUES

Family membership $6.00
Single membership $5.00
Student membership $2.00
Subscriber $4.00
Single issues $1.00
Extra sets mailed members

at subscription rate of $4.00

EDITORIAL STAFF

EDITOR STAFF MEMBER
Helmer Odé - 664-9942 W. W. Sutow - 748-7233
4811 Braeburn Drive 4371 North MacGregor Way
Bellaire, Texas 77401 Houston, Texas 77004

ASSOCIATE EDITOR CIRCULATION
Mrs.. Hollis Q. Boone - 668-8252 Mr. & Mrs. Sam Miron

3706 Rice Boulevard 5238 Sanford Street

Houston, Texas 77005 Houston, Texas 77035

The TEXAS CONCHOLOGIST accepts contributions for publication from amateurs, students,
and professionals, subject to approval by the editorial board. Manuscripts should be typed,
double-spaced and should be submitted to the editorial staff.

ALIGENA TEXASIANA HARRY, 1969. THIS COMMON BAY AND BEACH SPECIES IS WIDE-
SPREAD ALONG THE TEXAS COAST BUT ONLY A FEW SPECIMENS HAVE BEEN DREDGED
OFFSHORE GALVESTON. IT WAS RECENTLY DESCRIBED BY HARRY FROM ITS TYPE LOCAL=
ITY IN GALVESTON WEST BAY. WE NOTED THAT VERY SMALL JUVENILES WERE SUR-
PRISINGLY MORE ELONGATE THAN MATURE SPECIMENS. IT DEFINITELY IS A BAY AND
PERHAPS AN INLET DWELLER, AND THE VERY FEW SPECIMENS OBTAINED IN OFFSHORE
DREDGE HAULS ARE PROBABLY DROWNED BAY MATERIAL. THE SPECIES WAS FIGURED
IN VoL. V (8), P. 86, OF THE TEXAS CONCHOLOGIST.

PREVIOUS REFERENCES: VELIGER, VOL, 11, P. 168-171, AND TEXAS CON-

CHOLOGIST.
LOCALITIES: ALONG’ THE ENTIRE TEXAS COAST IN DRIFT.

ALIGENA FLORIDANA DALL, 1899. THIS, BY FAR THE LARGEST OF ALL TEXAS LEPTO-
NACEID BIVALVES 1S USUALLY NAMED MONTACUTA FLORIDANA,. BECAUSE WE CANNOT
SEE ANY SIGNIFICANT DIFFERENCES IN HINGE STRUCTURE BETWEEN MATERIAL OF THIS
SPECIES AND ALIGENA WE WILL ALIGN IT WITH THAT GENUS. IN JUVENILE MATERIAL OF
A. FLORIDANA EVEN THE RATHER VAGUE SULCUS PRESENT IN A. TEXASIANA CAN BE
SEEN. APART FROM ITS STRIAE THIS SPECIES 1S CHARACTERIZED BY MUCH STRONGER
CONCENTRIC SURFACE SCULPTURE THAN A. TEXASIANA. IT IS A MUCH RARER SPECIES
WHICH HAS MAINLY BEEN COLLECTED NEAR THE INLETS, AND RARELY IN THE BAYS AND
ALONG THE OUTER BEACHES (GALVESTON AFTER HURRICANE CARLA). IT WAS NEVER
OBTAINED IN OFFSHORE DREDGINGS,

PREVIOUS REFERENCES: REPORTED SEVERAL TIMES IN TEXAS CONCHOLOGIST.

LOCALITIES: GALVESTON (BOLIVAR PASS) , ST. JOSEPH ISLAND, PORT

ARANSAS (BEACHES AND BAYS) , SOUTH PADRE ISLAND,

PAGE 50

FAMILY MONTACUTIDAE

SEVERAL SMALL SPECIES IN THE GENUS MYSELLA ARE KNOWN FROM THE TEXAS BEACH,
CNE 1!tS A FAIRLY COMMON BAY AND INLET DWELLER, THE OTHER TWO MUST DERIVE
FROM DEEPER OFFSHORE WATERS, IN WHICH THEY ARE FAIRLY OFTEN DREDGED, UNFOR-
TUNATELY WE CANNOT IDENTIFY THEM,

MyYSELLA PLANULATA STIMPSON 1851. THIS COMMON AND WIDESPREAD BAY AND INLET
SPECIES IS OFTEN COLLECTED IN PAIRS FROM BEACHDRIFT. IT ATTACHES ITSELF BY
BYSSUS TO SOLID OBJECTS OR SHELLS. RARE IN OFFSHORE DREDGINGS WHERE IT 1S
REPLACED BY SEVERAL OTHER SPECIES, TWO OF WHICH ARE KNOWN FROM THE BEACH,
PREVIOUS REFERENCES: FIGURED IN _ TEXAS CONCHOLOGIST. VOL. V(9), P. 96
LOCALITIES: COMMON IN BEACHDRIFT OF GALVESTON ISLAND NEAR THE INLETS;
IN DRIFT ALONG THE ENTIRE TEXAS COAST.

MYSELLA SP. THIS TYPICAL OFFSHORE MYSELLA, MUCH MORE ELLIPTICAL IN OUTLINE
THAN M,. PLANULATA, AND SOMEWHAT THICKER SHELLED, HAS BEEN TAKEN A FEW TIMES
IN BEACHDRIFT AT GALVESTON AND MATAGORDA BEACH. IT LIVES IN 4 MUCH DEEPER
DEPTH RANGE THAN M, PLANULATA AND HAS BEEN DREDGED OFTEN OFFSHORE GALVESTON
AND FREEPORT.

PREVIOUS REFERENCES: NONE

LOCALITIES: GALVESTON, MATAGORDA.

MyYySELLA SP. A SINGLE VALVE OF A LARGER AND ROUNDER SPECIES WAS COLLECTED
ONGE ON MATAGORDA BEACH. WE CANNOT IDENTIFY IT.

PREVIOUS REFERENCES: NONE

LOCALITIES: MATAGORDA

FAMILY ERYCINIDAE

IN THIS FAMILY WE HAVE TO REPORT THE GENERA ERYCINA AND LASAEA. THE LATTER
GENUS IS SOMETIMES ALSO PLACED WITH THE SPORTELLIDAE , FOR WHICH WE WILL ALSO
REPORT A FEW ADDITIONAL SPECIES,

ERYCINA PERISCOPIANA DALL 1899. OF THIS RATHER COMMON OFFSHORE SPECIES
ONLY TWO VALVES SO FAR ARE KNOWN FROM THE BEACH. ONE FROM DRIFT AT MATA=
GORDA BEACH AND THE OTHER FROM PORT ARANSAS. THIS SPECIES DISPLAYS A RE-
MARKABLE ASYMMETRY IN FORM AND IS READILY RECOGNIZED.
PREVIOUS REFERENCES: NONE
LOCALITIES: MATAGORDA, PORT ARANSAS.

LASAE? SP. ONLY AT PORT ARANSAS AND AS SOUTH PADRE ISLAND VALVES OF THIS
BEAUTIFUL, RATHER FLAT BIVALVE HAVE BEEN TAKEN FROM BEACHDRIFT. AS WITH THE
MAJORITY OF ALL TEXAS LEPTONACEID BIVALVES, WE DO NOT KNOW WHAT IT IS. IT IS
WIDESPREAD IN OF FSHQRE WATERS OFF GALVESTON AND FREEPORT.

PREVIOUS REFERENCES: NONE

LOCALITIES: PORT ARANSAS, SOUTH PADRE ISLAND.

LASAEA? SP. A FEW VALVES COLLECTED AT SOUTH PADRE ISLAND POSSIBLY BELONG
TO A SECOND SPECIES, ALSO OBTAINED FROM OFFSHORE DREDGED MATERIAL. IT 1S
UNKNOWN TO US,

PREVIOUS REFERENCES: NONE

LOCALITIES: SOUTH PADRE ISLAND

PAGE 51

ADDITION TO SPORTELLIDAE

IN A PREVIOUS ISSUE WE REPORTED THE SPECIES ENSITELLOPS CONSTRICTA. IN RE-
VIEWING SOME OF OUR MATERIAL WE DISCOVERED THAT THERE ARE AT LEAST TWO SPE-
CIES OF ENSITELLOPS ON OUR COAST. HOWEVER, THE SITUATION IS SOMEWHAT UN—
CLEAR, BECAUSE SOME OF THESE DIFFERENTLY SHAPED SHELLS WERE IDENTIFIED AS
ERYCINA FLORIDANA VANATTA AT THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. THE LATTER SPECIES IS
UNKNOWN TO US, SO WE CANNOT DISAGREE ON THAT BASIS. HOWEVER, OUR MATERIAL
SHOWS QUITE CHARACTERISTICALLY THE SHAGREENING STRIAE SO TYPICAL OF ENSITEL—
LOPS AND MOREOVER IT IS IDENTICAL IN HINGE STRUCTURE. WE SHALL DENOTE IT
HERE AS ENSITELLOPS SP. TWO OTHER SPORTELLIDS COMPLETE OUR LIST.

ENSITELLOPS SP. A RATHER COARSE FORM, FAR MORE ELLIPTICAL THAN THE EXTREME=
LY ELONGATE E, CONSTRICTA, JUVENILES OF BOTH SPECIES ARE DIFFICULT TO SEPARATE;
E. CONSTRICTA DEVELOPS QUITE ASYMMETRICALLY AND GROWS INTO A CIGAR SHAPED
SHELL, WHILE THIS SPECIES REMAINS FAIRLY OVAL IN SHAPE. ERYCINA FLORIDANA WAS
ONCE REPORTED FROM MATAGORDA BAY, AND MAY BE THIS SPECIES,

PREVIOUS REFERENCES: NONE (MATAGORDA BAY?) |

LOCALITIES: PorRT ARANSAS, SOUTH PADRE ISLAND, GALVESTON?

BASTEROTIA QUADRATA HINDS, 1843. ONLY A SINGLE VALVE OF THIS QUITE RARE AND
UNUSUAL BIVALVE IS SO FAR KNOWN FROM OUR BEACH. ALSO OFFSHORE IT IS QUITE
RARE AND ONLY A FEW SPECIMENS ARE IN THE MUSEUM COLLECTION IN HOUSTON. OUR
SPECIMEN IS QUITE BEACH WORN, AND UNDOUBTEDLY DERIVES FROM DEEPER WATER.
PREVIOUS REFERENCES: NONE
LOCALITIES: ST. JOSEPH ISLAND.

BASSEROTIA ELLIPTICA RECLUZ, 1850. ONLY A FEW VALVES OF THIS QUITE RARE
SPECIES ARE KNOWN FROM OUR BEACH, MOST WERE FOUND IN THE PORT ARANSAS
AREA, ON THE BAYSIDE OF THE ISLAND OR ALONG THE CAUSEWAY. OFFSHORE ALSO
QUITE UNUSUAL.

PREVIOUS REFERENCES: NONE

LOCALITIES: PORT ARANSAS,

oC000000

PAGE 52

TRIPTYCHUS PLIOCENA BartTscuH, 1955. By H. Opt

AT PREVIOUS OCCASIONS WE HAVE MENTIONED THE FACT THAT SEVE RAL PYRAMIDELLID
SPECIES DESCRIBED BY BARTSCH FROM THE ST. PETERSBURG DEPOSITS OF FLORIDA
STILL OCCUR IN THE NORTHWEST GULF OF MEXICO. TO DOCUMENT THIS STATEMENT
PROPERLY A FIGURE OF ONE OF THESE SPECIES, WHICH IS RATHER WIDESPREAD OVER

THE TEXAS SHELF, ALTHOUGH IT HAS NOT YET BEEN COLLECTED ON THE BEACH, 1S

GIVEN HERE. THE SPECIES HAS BEEN COLLECTED IN A DEPTH RANGE OF 6 TO 20 FATHOMS
AND LIVES ON THE ROCK OUTCROPS OFFSHORE FREEPORT.

WHETHER ITS GENERIC DBSIGNATION IS CORRECT WILL HAVE TO BE INVESTIGATED AND ITS
IDENTITY WITH BARTSCH'S SPECIES HAS TO BE PROVEN. OUR FIGURE IS OF A SHELL,
ABOUT 3.5 MM. IN LENGTH, WHICH WAS DREDGED SOUTH OF GALVESTON AT ABOUT 15
FATHOMS.

TRIPTYCHUS PLIOCENA Bartsch, 1955
3.5 mm., dredged off Galveston

PAGE 53

ASSIMINEA SUCCINEA PFEIFFER 1840 By H. Ove

THIS UNCOMMON SPECIES HAS BEEN COLLECTED ONLY A FEW TIMES ALONG THE TEXAS
COAST , WHERE IT LIVES IN THE COASTAL BAYS. LIVE SPECIMENS HAVE BEEN COL
. LECTED AT SEABROOK AND FRESH MATERIAL IS KNOWN FROM MATAGORDA BAyY.

DEAD SHELLS ARE KNOWN FROM CORPUS CHRISTI BAY.
FRESH MATERIAL HAS A STRAW COLORED YELLOW HUE,

o-
OUR FIGURE SHOWS TWO SHELLS COLLECTED AT SEABROOK BY H, ODE. UNFORTUNATE-
LY THEY APPEAR SOMEWHAT FORESHORTENED. THERE IS IN GENERAL ONLY AN INDICA-
TION OF AN UMBILICUS,
WE HAVE REPORTED THIS SPECIES IN THE TEXAS CONCHOLOGIST, VOL. VI (5), PAGE

46. UNFORTUNATELY WE HAVE NOT MEASURED THE LENGTH OF THE SHELLS WE SHOW,
BUT MOST BEACH SPECIMENS DO NOT EXCEED 2.5 MM. IN LENGTH,

ASSIMINEA SUCCINEA Pfeiffer, 1840

Collected at Seabrook, Texas

Photos by Frank van Morkhoven

PAGE 54

SEARCH AND SEIZURE By CONSTANCE BOONE

THE NAuTILWS OF JANUARY, 1973, VoL. 87 (1), CARRIES A SHORT PAPER BY DR. J. P.
E. MORRISON OF THE DIVISION OF MOLLUSKS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM OF NATURAL
HtsTORY OF WASHINGTON, D. C., ON A TEXAS SHELL THAT HAS BEEN RERORTED FROM
TIME TO TIME IN THE TEXAS CONCHOLOGIST. SINCE THERE 1S A NAME CHANGE TO BE
NOTED, WE REPORT IT HERE FOR OUR MEMBERS. THE SPECIES WAS NAMED ODOSTOMIA
BARRETT! MORRISON IN 1965 FROM MATERIAL OBTAINED FROM LOUISIANA BUT WAS
NOT SEEN ALIVE. DUE TO COLLECTION OF THE SNAILS ALIVE IN GALVESTON BAY IN
1967 AND SUBSEQUENT STUDY OF LIVE MATERIAL BY DR. ROBERT ROBERTSON OF THE
ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA, IT WAS DETERMINED THAT THIS
SPECIES WAS ACTUALLY A MEMBER OF THE GENUS HYDROBIA. SINCE THE ORIGINAL
NAME OF _ODOSTOMIA BARRETTI. HAD ALREADY PROVED TO BE PREOCCUPIED, DR. Mor-
RISON HAS NOW RENAMED THE 35PECIES HYDROBIA BOONEAE.

MEMBERS AND CORRESPONDENTS INTERESTED IN CHECKING TO SEE WHAT HyYDROBIA
BOONEAE MORRISON 1973 LOOKS LIKE ARE REFERRED TO THE ORIGINAL DESCRIPT ION
OF THIS SPECIES AS ODOSTOMIA_ IN THE PROCEEDINGS OF BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF
WASHINGTON VOL. 78:P. 220, FIG. 4, 1965. AN ENLARGED PHOTOGRAPH AND REPORT
WAS MADE IN TEXAS CONCHOLOGIST VOL. 8 (1), AUGUST, 1971. THE SPECIES IS
BETWEEN 2 AND 3 MILLIMETERS AND WILL GO THROUGH AN ORDINARY KITCHEN SIEVE.

A TEA STRAINER OR GEOLOGIST'S SMALL MESH STRAINER IS RECOMMENDED. ON FEB-
RUARY 3,.1973, A FEW LIVE SPECIMENS WERE OBTAINED AT THE GALVESTON BAY
LOCATION JUST NORTH OF THE HOUSTON YACHT CLUB WHERE THE FIRST LIVE ONES
WERE DISCOVERED. HOWEVER, MY RECORDS SHOW THAT MAy, JUNE AND JULY WERE
THE BEST MONTHS TO COLLECT THIS SPECIES IN SHALLOW WATER OR IN TRAILS AT LOW
TIDE. PERHAPS THE INCREASED SALINITY POSSIBLE IN THE BAY DURING THE HOT
WEATHER CAUSES THEM TO MOVE IN CLOSER TO THE BEACH WHERE THERE 1S SOME
FRESH WATER DRAINAGE. NEEDLESS TO SAY, THIS EPISODE OF COLLECTION OF MOL-
LUSKS ALIVE FOR THE PROFESSIONALS HAS BEEN AN ESPECIALLY REWARDING ONE IN MY
LIFE.

* KK * K K K

WHILE VISITING IN THE HOME OF MARJORIE AND WILBUR Woops, HCS MEMBERS, ONE
DAY IN DECEMBER I NOTED A FINE BIG SPECIMEN OF A_DISTORSIO WITH THE PERIOSTRA—
CUM AND OPERCULUM. JUST A FEW DAYS BEFORE THAT I HAD RECEIVED VOL. 86 (2-4)
OF THE NAUTILUS AND HAD READ HAL LEWIS'S REPORT ON A THIRD SPECIES OF DISTOR=
S10 FOR THE GULF OF MEXICO. I HAD SEEN A THIRD SPECIES SORTED IN THE COLLEC—
TION OF THE MCGINNS OF CUT OFF, LOUISIANA, BUT NO ONE KNEW WHAT TO NAME IT.
THE Woop's SPECIMEN, 78 MM. , WAS BROUGHT IN BY BILLY HOPPER FROM SHRIMP—
ING GROUNDS OFF GALVESTON, TEXAS. DATA GIVEN THE WOODS STATED THAT IT HAD
BEEN COLLECTED IN 12 FMS. SOUTHEAST OF GALVESTON IN JULY, 1972, SINCE MR.
HOPPER HAS ONLY BEEN A SHRIMPER THIS SEASON AND ONLY IN THE CLOSE AREA OFF
GALVESTON, THIS INFORMATION MAY BE WORTHY OF ATTENTION AS IT SERVES AS A RANGE
EXTENSION OF THE THIRD SPECIES OUTLINED BY Mr, LEwiIs.

PREVIOUSLY WE HAVE KNOWN DISTORSIO CLATHRATA AND DISTORSIO MACGINTYI FROM THE
GULF OF MEXICO. THIS THIRD SPECIES IS CONSIDERED TO BE THE SAME AS DISTORSIO
PERDISTORTA FULTON, 1938, A SPECIES LIVING IN JAPANESE WATERS AND ALSO NOW
KNOWN TO BE IN THE GULF OF MEXICO, ACCORDING TO LEWIS IN THE NAUTILUS.

PAGE 55

THE "BEARDED ONES" OF THE FAMILY CYMATIIDAE HAVE ALWAYS FASCINATED ME, BUT
| HAD NEVER COLLECTED MANY UNTIL MY TRIP LAST MARCH TO BOTH COASTS OF PANAMA,

ON THE COLON SIDE, AT Coco SOLO BOAT HARBOR IN THE CANAL ZONE, I WAS TOLD

BY MY HOSTESS, Mrs. BEN (ALICE) MULLEN, TO LOOK FOR CYMATIUMS AMONG THE
ALGAL GROWTHS OF THE SUBMERGED ROCKS NEAR SHORE IN 3 TO 4 FOOT WATER. THERE
I WAS ABLE TO COLLECT SPECIMENS OF CYMATIUM NICOBARICUM RODING, 1798, AND
CYMATIUM MURICINUM RODING 1798, AND A PERFECT JUVENILE SPECIMEN, WITH IN=
TACT PROTOCONCH, OF CYMATIUM PARTHENOPEUM VON SALIS, 1793. THEY APPARENT—
LY WERE EATING ON SMALL MOLLUSKS ON THE ROCKS AND WEED GROWTH, BECAUSE WHEN
CLEANING SOME OF THEM, AFTER PRESERVING THE SHELLS IN ALCOHOL FOR THE TRIP
BACK TO TEXAS, | RECOVERED RISSOINAS AND CERITHIUMS.

ON THE PACIFIC SIDE | WAS NOT LUCKY ENOUGH TO GET THE MUCH=PRIZED CYMATIUM
TIGRINUM, BUT ONE NIGHT MY PARTNER DID GET ONE AND I SAW THIS BEAUTIFUL ANIMAL
AND SHELL. HOWEVER, ONE DAY AT THE FIRST BIG ROCK PILE ONE THE WAY TO VENADO
ISLAND, PANAMA BAy, I DID COLLECT A LARGE, ADULT CYMATIUM WIEGMANNI (ANTON,
1839) NESTLED AT THE FOOT OF A BOULDER. | WAS ALSO LUCKY ENOUGH TO GET ONE
LIVE DISTORSIO CONSTRICTA (BRODERIP, 1833) AND A FRESH DEAD DISTORSIO DECUS—
SATA (VALENCIENNES, 1832), BOTH AT THE DEBRIS LEVEL AROUND THE BOULDERS AT
VENADO ISLAND. OTHER LIVE CYMATIUMS COLLECTED THERE WERE CYMATIUM GIB=
BOSUM (BRODERIP, 1833), VERY SMALL ADULTS, AND CYMATIUM VESTITUM (HINDS,
1844).

0000000

PAGE 56

News RELEASE
Fes. 2, 1973
ALAPOCAS, DELAWARE

CASANOVA OUT OF BUSINESS

THE PIEDMONT BETTER BUSINESS BUREAU , REPRESENTING THE LEGITIMATE INTERESTS
OF BUSINESSMEN AND CONSUMERS OF CHARLOTTE , NORTH CAROLINA, HAS AS RECENTLY
As 1971 AND 1972 INFORMED INVESTIGATORS THAT THE PALEONTOLOGICAL RESEARCH
LABORATORY WAS FORMALLY ENTERED IN BANKRUPTCY. THIS COMMERCIAL ENTERPRISE
WAS CARRIED OUT IN THE PRIVATE HOME OF MR, RICHARD L. CASANOVA. THE BETTER
BUSINESS BUREAU FILES HAVE REMAINED INACTIVE ON THE ABOVE CASE SINCE 1968,
EXCEPT FOR CONTINUING COMPLAINTS FROM OUT=OF=STATE CORRESPONDENTS. UNSAT-—
ISFACTORY TRANSACTIONS HAVE BEEN REPORTED ALSO TO THE POSTAL INSPECTOR, U.S.
Post OFFICE DEPARTMENT IN ATLANTA, GEORGIA, DURING 1971. THE STATE AUDITOR
OF THE STATE OF NORTH CAROLINA STATED IN A RECENT LETTER THAT CASANOVA'S
OPERATION "HAS ABSOLUTELY NO CONNECTION WITH THE STATE OF NORTH CAROLINA",

LEGITIMATE MALACOLOGISTS AT THE SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTE , HARVARD UNIVERSITY,
CORNELL UNIVERSITY AND THE DELAWARE MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY HAVE NO
KNOWLEDGE OF MOLLUSK WORK BEING DONE BY ANY "WORLD DATA CENTER A". THE
COMMERCIAL NAME "PALEONTOLOGICAL RESEARCH LABORATORY"™ IS NOT TO BE CON-
FUSED WITH THAT OF THE PALEONTOLOGICAL RESEARCH INSTITUTE OF ITHACA, N. Y.,
WHICH IS A LEGITIMATE, SCIENTIFIC ORGANIZATION OF HIGH ESTEEM AND RENOWN.
MOLLUSK WORKERS AND SHELL COLLECTORS ARE WARNED TO KNOW THEIR CORRESPON—
DENTS BEFORE ENTERING INTO ANY SERIOUS EXCHANGES, LOANS OR GIFTS.

(EDITOR'S NOTE: CASANOVA NEVER WAS IN BUSINESS IN THE HOUSTON CONCHOLOGY
SOCIETY).

O000000

PAGE 57

MOLLUSCANA By W. W. SutTow, M. D.

W OLFGANG BUCHERL AND ELEANOR E, BUCKLEY HAVE EDITED SEVERAL VOLUMES OF
"VENOMOUS ANIMALS AND THEIR VENOMS", VOLUME III (ACADEMIC PRESS, NEW
YORK-LONDON, 1971) DEALS WITH VENOMOUS INVERTEBRATES. IN THIS VOLUME ‘PAGES
373-393) , DONALD F. MCMICHAEL HAS CONTRIBUTED A CHAPTER ENTITLED "MOLLUSKS=—

CLASSIFICATION, DISTRIBUTION, VENOM APPARATUS AND VENOMS, SYMPTOMATOLOGY
OF STINGS." THE SUBJECT MATTER DEALS WITH VENOMOUS CONES AND THE OCTOPUS.

McMICHAEL POINTS OUT THAT THE CONES CAN BE DIVIDED INTO-THREE GROUPS BASED
ON FOOD PREFERENCES. CONE SPECIES FEEDING ON FISH (PISCIVOROUS) INCLUDE CONUS

CATUS , GEOGRAPHUS, OBSCURUS, TULIPA, MAGUS, STRIATUS AND STERCUSMUSCARIUM,
SPECIES FEEDING ON OTHER MOLLUSKS (MOLLUSKIVOROUS) INCLUDE CONUS CAPITANEUS,

CORONATUS, LIVIDUS, MARMOREUS, PENNACEUS , QUERCINUS AND TEXTILE, MANY

SPECIES ARE KNOWN TO FEED ON WORMS (VERMIVOROUS) INCLUDING CONUS ABBREVIATUS ,
CEYLANENSIS, CHALDEUS, CLAVUS, CORONATUS, DISTANS, EBRAEUS, EMACIATUS, FIGU=
LINUS, FLAVIDUS, GLANS, IMPERIALIS, LEOPARDUS, LIVIDUS, MILES, PERTUSUS bu.
CARIUS, QUERCINUS, RATTUS, SPONSALIS, TIARATUS, VEXILLUM, VIRGO AND VITULINUS.,

THE AUTHOR SUMMARIZES THE VENOMOUS POTENTIAL OF THE CONES AS FOLLOWS: "ALL
PISCIVOROUS SPECIES SHOULD BE REGARDED AS HIGHLY DANGEROUS AND APPARENTLY
MOLLUSKIVOROUS AND VERMIVOROUS SPECIES MAY CAUSE SERIOUS HARM TO SUSCEPTIBLE
INDIVIDUALS."

* * KK K K K *

IN BROWSING THROUGH THE SHELL LISTS THAT INDICATE THOSE SPECIES PRESUMED TO
BE ENDEMIC TO HAWAII, I HAVE NOTED THAT THE RANGE OF DISTRIBUTION FREQUENTLY
MENTIONED JOHNSTON ISLAND. THEREFORE, I HAVE COME TO ASSUME THAT THE EX=
PRESSION "HAWAIIAN WATERS" DOES IN FACT EXTEND SOUTHWARD TO INCLUDE JOHNS=—
TON ISLAND.

OVER THE YEARS, I MUST HAVE TOUCHED GROUND AT JOHNSTON ISLAND AT LEAST A
DOZEN TIMES. THE ISLAND WAS A FUEL STOP BETWEEN KWAJALEIN AND HONOLULU
UNTIL THE FLIGHTS WERE CONVERTED TO JETS. SOME YEARS BACK I STARTED TO
CHRONICLE SOME OF THE HAPPENINGS ON OUR FREQUENT TRIPS TO THE MARSHALL IS=
LANDS. | THOUGHT THAT A FEW PARAGRAPHS I HAD ONCE SCRIBBLED DOWN REGARDING
THIS RELATIVELY UNKNOWN BIT OF LAND MAY BE OF INTEREST TO A FEW READERS,

THE 1967 TRIP STARTED IN THE USUAL MANNER. WE ROUSED OURSELVES AT 4 A.M.
WE WHIPPED THROUGH THE CHECK-IN ROUTINE AT THE PASSENGER SERVICE COUNTER
oF MAC (MILITARY AIRLIFT COMMAND) TERMINAL AT HICKAM FIELD IN HONOLULU.
BuT OUR PLANE (A NoRTHWEST AIRLINES DC=-7) WAS NOT READY. IT WASN'T READY
THREE HOURS LATER. BUT EVENTUALLY WE DID TAKE OFF. IN THREE HOURS WE HIT
THE POSTAGE STAMP CALLED JOHNSTON ISLAND. WE SWEATED OUT THE ONE HOUR
FUELING WAIT (UNDER THE WATCHFUL EYES OF THE SECURITY GUARD) AND THEN WE
TOOK OFF AGAIN. SIX HOURS LATER WE LANDED ON KWAJALEIN BETWEEN THE USUAL
TROPICAL SHOWERS,

JOHNSTON ISLAND IS A MAN=MADE ISLAND—AIRSTRIP ABOUT 715 NAUTICAL MILES SOUTH=
WEST OF HONOLULU. FOR MOST PURPOSES OF ADMINISTRATION, JOHNSTON ISLAND IS
CONSIDERED TO BE A PART OF THE COUNTY AND CITY OF HONOLULU. (TM.No. PMR-
TM-60-7. JOHNSTON ISLAND GEOGRAPHY AND FACILITIES, PACIFIC MISSILE RANGE,

PAGE 58

Point Mucu, CALIFORNIA, 29 APRIL 1960, 36 PAGES). FROM THE AIR, THE ISLAND
LOOKS LIKE A LONG RUNWAY WITH A LITTLE BIT OF LAND ON ONE SIDE FOR THE NECESSARY
AIRCRAFT MAINTENANCE BUILDINGS AND A FEW LIVING QUARTERS. I SAW NO GREENERY.
THE OUTDOOR AQUARIUM ‘WHICH AT ONE TIME CONTAINED FISH AND OTHER MARINE LIFE
WAS EMPTY AND DRY.

THE SO-CALLED ISLAND IS PART OF A SMALL CORAL REEF COVERING 173 ACRES (IN
1960). IN THE NATURAL STATE THE LAND AREA WAS SAID TO BE 40 ACRES. HISTORI-
CALLY , THE AMERICAN BRIG, SALLY, WENT AGROUND ON JOHNSTON REEF IN 1796, IN
1807 , THE BRITISH SHIP, CORNWALLIS , REDISCOVERED THE ATOLL AND NAMED IT FOR
THE COMMANDING OFFICER OF THE CORNWALLIS, CAPTAIN JOHNSTON. IN 1858 THE
CAPTAIN OF THE AMERICAN SCHOONER PALESTINE CLAIMED THE ATOLL FOR THE UNITED
STATES. IN SEPTEMBER 1941, WORK WAS BEGUN TO ENLARGE THE LAND MASS OF
JOHNSTON ISLAND TO PROVIDE AN AIRSTRIP. WITH WORLD WAR II THERE WAS A RAPID
DEVELOPMENT INTO AN IMPORTANT MILITARY BASE FOR THE AIRFORCE AND THE NAVY.

ON OUR STOPS WE COULD NOT LOOK FOR SHELLS. AS A MATTER OF FACT, WE COULD
NOT VENTURE MORE THAN A FEW FEET FROM THE SMALL TERMINAL.
Kk ek KK KK K

DURING MY MANY VISITS TO THE SOUTH PACIFIC, I WAS NOT AT ALL BASHFUL ABOUT
SITTING DOWN WITH THE ISLANDERS AND TRYING THEIR MOLLUSCAN DISHES. HERE ARE
SOME FIRST-HAND EVALUATIONS (IN PARENTHESES BELOW) OF THE GASTRONOMICAL
QUALITIES THEREOF:

OCTOPUS — FRESH-CAUGHT AND QUICK BOILED (DELICIOUS IF PREPARED RIGHT —
STRINGY OTHERWISE)

TRIDACNA — BROILED WHOLE ON COCONUT—HUSK FIRE (CHEWY AND TOUGH BUT OF
GOOD FLAVOR)

TRIDACNA —- THE MANTLE AND THE ADDUCTOR MUSCLES MARINATED IN VINEGAR,
SALT AND COCONUT JUICE (DELICIOUS FLAVOR OUT OF THIS WORLD)

LAMBIS TRUNCATA AND LAMBIS CHIRAGRA — BOILED AND SLICED THIN (REMINIS—
CENT OF THE-ABALONE)

TURBO SPECIES — BOILED, THEN BROILED IN SHELL WITH SEASONING (TYPICAL
JAPANESE DISH AND Goob)

LITTORINAS — BOILED (TINY MORSELS LIKE THE NEW ENGLAND PERIWINKLES,
DELICIOUS GOODIES TO PICK ON, WITH A PIN)

MUREX RAMOSUS — BOILED AND SLICED (ATE THIS TO BARGAIN FOR THE SHELL
AND THE OPERCULUM,. NICE, CHEWY SOLID TASTE LIKE THE TURBO)

STROMBUS LUHUANUS — BOILED OR BROILED (CROSS BETWEEN CLAM AND ABALONE ,
QUITE GOOD)
* eK KK KOK OK OK
TRADING SEASHELLS IS REAL FUN. ASK ANYONE WHO SERIOUSLY ENGAGES IN THIS
PRACTICE. ELMER LEEHMAN, IMMEDIATE PAST PRESIDENT OF THE HAWAIIAN MALA-
COLOGICAL SOCIETY AND AN EXPERIENCED SHELL TRADER HAS SOME HELPFUL AND PER-
TINENT COMMENTS IN THE CURRENT ISSUE OF THE HAWAIIAN SHELL NEWS.

PAGE 59

A SURVEY OF THE MOLLUSCAN FAUNA OF THE NORTHWEST

GULF OF MEXICO - PRELIMINARY REPORT (cONTINUED)

Cope: A = ALGAL REEF

C = CORAL REEF
M = mMuD

BY H. ODE

O = OUTCROPS (PLEISTOCENE ROCKS, MOSTLY SHELL CONCRETIONS, ETC, ,

AND MIOCENE UPLIFTS.

S = SAND, SANDY MUD, SILT, ETC.

SKENEIDAE

39. SKENEA SP. A

40. SKENEA SP. C

41. SKENEA SP. D
42. PARVITURBO SP. A 1
43. PARviTuRBO SP. B
44. PARVITURBO SP. C
CYCLOSTRE MAT IDAE

45. CYCLOSTREMA AMABILE
TURBINIDAE

46. ASTRAEA AMERICANA
47. ASTRAEA LONGISPINA
48. ASTRAEA SP. A

49. TURBO CASTANEUS

50. TURBO CANALICULATUS
LITTORINIDAE

51. LITTORINA LINEOLATA
52. LITTORINA IRRORATA
53. LITTORINA NEBULOSA
NERITINIDAE

54. NERITINA VIRGINEA
55. NERITINA RECLIVATA

PHASIANELLIDAE

5G.

TRICOLIA AFFINIS CRUENTA

COCCULINIDAE

57.

COCCULINA SP. A

HYDROBIIDAE

58. "HYDROBIA" SP. A

59. WVIOSCALBA LOUISIANAE

60. LITTORIDINA SPHINCTOSTOMA

RISSOIDAE

61. AMPHITHALAMUS SP. A =
VALLEL

62. AMPHITHALAMUS SP. B

63. RISSOINA STRIATOCOSTATA

64. RISSOINA MULTICOSTATA 1

65. RISSOINA DECUSSATA 1

66. RISSOINA PULCHRA

67. RISSOINA CANCELLATA 1

68. RISSOINA BROWNIANA

69. RISSOINA CATESBYANA

70. RISSOINA ELEGANTISSIMA

71. RISSOINA sP, B

PAGE 60

WN = — UI

—

Loc.
Loc,
Loc,
toc,
Loc,
Loc.

Loc.

Loc.
LOC.
Loc.
Loc,
Loc.

Loc,
Loc,
Loc.

Loc.
LOC.

LOC.

Loc,

Loc.

LOC.
LOC.

Loc,
Loc,
Loc,

LOC,

Loc,
Loc,
Loc,
Loc,
Loc,
Loc,
Loc,

13-28 FMS.
11-30 FMS.

140-167 FMS.

12-40 FMS.
4- 8 FMS.
10-13 FMS.

10-28 FMS.

10-43 FMS.
25-28 FMS.
25-28 FMS.
13-28 FMS.
10-28 FMs,

0-20 FMS.
22 FMS.

0-30 FMS.
4-12 FMS.

7-1/2 FMS.
50 FMS.
12 FMS,

11 FMS,
11-28 FMS.

A,Cc
A,C,O

JETTIES
S
Ss

s
(TRAWL)

(TRAWL)
=
(TRAWL)

Ss
S.,.6

fe)
O

a

+

NNAOANAY>Y>?A’D
> rperunua

wu

fe

72.
7a.
74.
43
76.
ads
78.
79.
80.
si.
82.
83.
84.

ALVANIA AUBERIANA

ALVANIA ABERRANS
BENTHONELLA SP. A
BENTHONELLA SP. B

BENTHONELLA SP. C

RISSOA SP. A

RISSOA SP. B
CINGULA SP. A
ONOBA SP, A
ONOBA SP. B
ONOBA SP, C

ONOBA sP. D

NopuLtus? sp. A

RISSOELLIDAE

85.

RISSOELLA? SP. A

V ITRINELLIDAE

86.

O7 «

88.

89.
30.
91.
92.
93.
94.

95.

96.

oF.

98.

99.
100,
101,
102.
103.
104,
105.
106.
107.
108,
109,
11d,
111.
TE.
Eis

114,
1tS.

CYCLOSTREMISCUS PENTA-

GONUS

CYCLOSTREMISCUS PENTA=

GONUS VAR. A

CYCLOSTREMISCUS SUPPRES-—

sus

CYCLOSTREMISCUS JEANNAE
CYCLOSTREMISCUS CUBANUS
CYCLOSTREMISCUS BEAUI
SOLARIORBIS BLAKE!
SOLARIORBIS MOOREANA

SOLARIORBIS INFRACAR-
INATA

SOLARIORBIS TERMINALIS

SOLARIORBIS SP. A
SOLARIORBIS SP. B

SOLARIORBIS SP. C

SOLARIORBIS SP. D
LYDIPHNIS ? SP, A
VITRINELLA FLORIDANA
VITRINELLA HELICOIDEA
VITRINELLA SP, A

ANTICLIMAX PILSBRYI

ANTICLIMAX SP. A
VITRINORBIS SP. A

COCHLIOLEPIS PARASITICA
COCHLIOLEPIS STRIATA

COCHLIOLEPIS SP. A

TEINOSTOMA BISCAYNENSE

TEINOSTOMA LEREMA

TEINOSTOMA GONIOGYRUS

TEINOSTOMA GONIOGYRUS
VAR. A

TEINOSTOMA CARINICALLUS

TEINOSTOMA PARVICALLUS

N

Loc,
Loc.
Loc.
Loc.
Loc,
Loc,
Loc,
Loc,
Loc,
Loc,
LOC.
Loc,
LOC.

—

wW

Loc.

30 Loc.

1

3 Loc.
i Novel
35 Loc.

PAGE 61

7-1/2 - 67 FMS.
10-50 FMS,
40-140 FmMs.

450-500 FmMs.

167 FMS,

67 FMS.

30-167 FMS,
30-70 FMS,

15-170 FMS.
140 FMS.

67 FMS,
10-13 FMS.
67 FMS,

8-1/2 - 70 FMS.

4-50 FMS.

25 FMS.

5- 7-1/2 FMS.

5- 7-1/2 FMS.

25-28 FMS.
4- 8 FMS.
5-20 FMS,
6-11 FMS.

4-25 FMS.
°9-11 FMS.
25-30 FMS.

9 FMS.
11 FMS.
25 FMS.
25-85 FMS.

4-152 FMS.

4-170 FMS.
25-28 FMS.

4-11 FMS,

24 FMS.
24 FMS.
11 FMS.

8-11 FMS.

20 FMS.

4-167 FMS.
8-1/2 - 30 FMS.

7-25 FMS.

9-25 FMS.
25 FMS.
0-140 FMS.

>
to)

= OS SS oe ee

W

S$,0,C
A

0)

GRAB SAMPLE
(TRAWL)

Cc. Ss

—

Se gseszzre

~

%

-

-
na

00

-

NDNNNnNNYNYVNOFZES

-

WN W
a =

116. TEINOSTOMA INCERTUM j Hd) ae eke 10-13 FMS. Cc

117. TEINOSTOMA AVUNCULUS ? 2 Loc. 9 FMS. S,M
118, TEINOSTOMA MEGALOSTO=

MEA 4 toc. 10-28 FMS. C,A,S,M
119, TEINOSTOMA SP. A | Loc, 11 FMS, S,M
120. TEINOSTOMA sP. B 1 boc. 11 FMS, Ss,M
121. TEINOSTOMA SP. C , te. 140 FMS, M
122. PACHYSTREMISCUS ORNATUS 2 LOC. 10-28 FMS. CYA
123, PARVITURBOIDES INTERRUP-

TUS 23 Loc. 8-43 FMS. S,M,O
124, MACROMPHALINA PALMA-

LITORIS 8S Loc. 11-32 FMS. Ss M,;cS
125. MACROMPHALINA SP. A 1 Lee, 25-28 FMS. A
126. MACROMPHALINA SP. B T (LOG. 11 FMS, SsS,M
127. MACROMPHALINA PIERROT 1 EOC, 11 FMS, S.M
128, EPISCYNIA INORNATA 14 Lec. 12-70 FMS. S Me
129. EPISCYNIA SP. A A EOC. 9-32 FMS. S,M
130. PLEUREMALAXIS BALESI f Lec. 25 FMS. Oo
131. AOROTREMA SP. A Loc. 9-30 FMS. SsS,M
CAECIDAE
a2. MEIOCERAS NITIDUM 2 L0G.7..172 =12) Ms, (TRAWL)
Vans MEIOCERAS RHYSSOTITUM T Bes. 4- 8 FMS. O
134, MEIOCERAS SP. A 2 toc. 9-13 FMS. c.s
Wie CAECUM CLAVA 3 Loc: 4-25 FMS. Ss,M
136. CAECUM CONDYLUM tb Loe. 10-13 FMS, Cc
Ip IF CAECUM PLANUM 14 toc. 4-32 FMS. A,S,M,O
138. CAECUM FLORIDANUM OnOG. 5-28 FMS. S,M,C,A
139, CAECUM CUBITATUM 16 LOoGce 4-40 FMS. Ss ,M,O
140. CAECUM PLICATUM Moc. 10-13 FMS. Cc
141. CAECUM HELADUM S Loc. 4-25 FMS. S,M,O
142. CAECUM VERACRUZANUM 9°EoG. 4-24 FMS. Ss .M,O
143. CAECUM BIPARTITUM 27 ‘Loc, 4-40 FMS, S,M,O
144, CAECUM GLABRUM Me Boo. 4-32 FMS. Ss ,M.o
145. CAECUM COOPERI So LOG, 4-40 FMS. S,M,O
146. CAECUM TORQUETUM 2 Loe. 10-28 FMS. A,Cc
147. CAECUM SP, F lec. 85 FMS. Ss ,M
TURRITELLIDAE
148, TURRITELLA EXOLETA a Loc. 10-50 FMS. Ss,M
149, VERMICULARIA SPIRATA Ze Oc. 9-43 FMS. C,A,O,S,M
150. VERMICULARIA FARGOI 4 toc, 7 1/2-25 Fms. M,S
Pols VERMICULARIA SP, A BOG. 4-11 FMS. S,M,O
VERMETIDAE
152. TENAGODUS SP. A 3 Loc. 10-28 FMS. Ge
153. PETALOCONCHUS ERECTUS 3 Loc. 10-28 FMS. C,A
154, PETALOCONCHUS SP. A T ot. 25-28 FMS. A
CERITHIIDAE
55. CERITHIUM FLORIDANUM 2 LOC. 6-37 FMS. A,S
156. CERITHIUM LITTERATUM A 0G. 10-28 FMS, cC,A,O
Lone CERITHIUM ALGICOLA 2 Koc. 13-28 FMS, A ,C
158, CERITHIUM VARIABILE y EOC. 0-25 FMS. BEACH, O,S,M
159. BITTIUM VARIUM So LOC. 0-25 FMS. BEACH, S,M
160, ALABINA CERITHIDIOIDES 49 Loc, 7 1/2-50 FMS. 0,A,C,S,M
161. ALABINA sP, A 2 toc. 7 1/2-25 FMS. S,M

PAGE 62

LITIOPIDAE

162. LITIOPA MELANOSTOMA
163. LITIOPA sP. A
Neal, ALABA INCERTA

CERITHIOPSIDAE

165. CERITHIOPSIS GREENI
166. CERITHIOPSIS LATUM
167. CERITHIOPSIS EXILE
168, CERITHIOPSIS ABRUPTA
169. CERITHIOPSIS EMERSONI
170. CERITHIOPSIS SP. A
a CERITHIOPSIS SP. B
i772. CERITHIOPSIS SP, C
73, CERITHIOPSIS SP. D
174, CERITHIOPSIS SP, E
Ivo. CERITHIOPSIS SP. J
176, CERITHIOPSIS SP. K
ee ae CERITHIOPSIS SP, L
178. SEILA ADAMSI

T RIPHORIDAE

ives TRIPHORA TURRISTHOMAE
180. TRIPHORA NIGROCINCTA
181. TRIPHORA :MELANURA
182. TRIPHORA SP, A

183. TRIPHORA SP. B

184. TRIPHORA SP, C

185. TRIPHORA SP. D

186. §TRIPHORA SP, E
MoODULIDAE

187. MobDULUS MODULUS

POTAMIDIDAE
188, CERITHIDEA PLICULOSA
ARCHITECTONICIDAE

189. ARCHITECTONICA NOBILIS
190. PHILLIPPIA KREBSI

ot. TORINIA BISULCATUS

192. CALODISCULUS RETIFERUS
193. SPIROLAXIS EXQUISITA
194, SPIROLAXIS SP. A

195. SPIROLAXIS SP, C

OMALOGYRIDAE

196, OEMALOGYRUS SP. A
197. OEMALOGYRUS SP, B
198, OEMALOGYRUS SP, C

CYCLOSTREMILLIDAE
199,
EPITONIIDAE

200. CIRSOSTREMA DALLI
ZOW-. OPALIA ABBOTTI
202. OPALIA BURRYI
203. OPALIA SP. A

204. OPALIA SP, B

CYCLOSTREMELLA HUMILIS

C1 gy WW = w

32
4
6

19
1
7
1

9

=a =_a NO — =

LOC,
Loc.
Loc,

LOC,

Loc,
Loc.
Loc,
koe.
Loc,
Loc,
Loc.
LOC.
Lec.
Loc.
Loc.
Lac.
LOC:

Loc,
FMS,
Loc.
LOC,
Loc.
LOC,
LOC.
LOC.

LOC,

Loc,

Loc. +

LOC.
LOC,
Loc,
Loc.
LOC,
Loc.

LOC,
Loc,
LOC.

Loc.

Loc,
LOC.
LOC.
Loc.
Loc,

PAGE 63

8-75

FMS,

450 FMS,

12-28

5-37
10-28
4-28
10-28
4-12
4-30
4-28
4-30
10-28
13-28
10-12
4-50
9-50
0-43

0-50
10-50
10-50

1/2-50 FMS.

25~28
70
25-268

10-14
Z5~28
25-28

0-20

23
25
23-30
10-13
20

FMS,

FMS,
FMS,
FMS,
FMS,
FMS,
FMS,
FMS.
FMS,
FMS,
FMS.
FMS.
FMS,
FMS.
FMS.

FMS.
FMS.
FMS.
FMS.
FMS,
FMS.
FMS,
FMS,

FMS,

FMS,
FMS.
FMS.

FMS.
FMS,
FMS.

FMS,
FMS.
FMS.

FMS,

FMS.
FMS.
FMS,
FMS.
FMS,

fe)
O

205. CYLINDRISCALA ANDREWSI
206. CYLINDRISCALA AcuUS ?
207. EPITONIUM ANGULATUM
208, EPITONIUM HUMPHREYSI
209. EPITONIUM FOLIACEICOSTA 1
210. EPITONIUM VENOSUM

ri ho EPITONIUM ALBIDUM
Ztee EPITONIUM APICULATUM
Ziae EPITONIUM FRIELEI!

214. EPITONIUM KREBSI

eros EPITONIUM MULTISTRIATUM
216, EPITONIUM NOVANGLIAE
Ey EPITONIUM CANDEANUM
218, EPITONIUM TIBURONENSE
219. EPITONIUM TURRITELLULA
220. EPITONIUM RUPICOLA
re A EPITONIUM SP. A

pe DEPRESSISCALA NAUTLAE
rr. AMAEA MITCHELLI

224, AMAEA RETIFERA
JANTHINIDAE

py JANTHINA JANTHINA

226. JANTHINA PROLONGATA
Bed « JANTHINA PALLIDA

228. JANTHINA UMBILICATA
ACLIDIDAE

229. BERMUDACLIS BERMUDENS
2ad. SCHWENGELIA FLORIDANA
re SCHWENGELIA SP, A

232 « AcLIS SP. A

230. GRAPHIS SP. A

234. GRAPHIS UNDERWOODAE
Zoos COSTACLIS SP. A

236. HEMIACLIS SP, A

a AP HEMIACLIS SP, B

238. HEMIACLIS SP, C

239, HEMIACLIS SP, D

240. HEMIACLIS SP, E

H 1PPONACIDAE

241. CHEILEA EQUESTRIS
242. HIPPONAX SP, A
CALYPTRACIDAE

243. CALYPTRAEA CENTRALIS
244, CRUCIBULUM AURICULA
245. CREPIDULA FORNICATA
246, CREPIDULA CONVEXA
247. CREPIDULA PLANA

248, CREPIDULA ACULEATA
STROMBIDAE

249. STROMBUS ALATUS

250. STROMBUS RANINUS

7
1
3
1
6
6
rd
4
3
6
2

oT

1

—=— —_ eh

44

Loc,
Loc,
Loc.
Loc.
Loc,
Loc,
Loc,
Loc,
Loc,
Loc,
Loc,
Loc,

LOC.
Loc.
LOC.
Loc,
Loc.
LOC.
Loc.

LOC.
Loc.
Loc.
Loc.

LOC.
Loc,

LOC,
Loc,
Loc,
Loc,
LOC,

Loc.
LOC.
Loc,
Loc,
Loc,

Loc.
Loc.

Loc,
Loc,
Loc,
Loc,
Loc,
Loc,

Loc.
Loc,

PAGE 64

24-60
70
12-25
3
4-75
4-20
5-12
4-11
25
10-30
10=25

6 1/2-70 FMs.

7 1/2-37 FMS.

8-50
8-20
25-28
25
9=50
10-25

©) Oo. OF @

25-28
23

2a
25-167
25
23

FMS.
FMS,
FMS,
FMS.

FMS,

FMS,
FMS.
FMS.
FMS.
FMS.
FMS,

FMS.
FMS.
FMS.
FMS,
FMS.
FMS,

FMS.
FMS,
FMS.
FMS.

FMS,
FMS.

FMS.
FMS,
FMS,
FMS,

8 1/2 FMS.

50
25
25
10-14

10-40

FMS.
FMS,
FMS.
FMS,

FMS,

110 FMS,

6-40
12-50
4-40
8-12
4-50
10-25

6-50
10-50

FMS,
FMS,
FMS.
FMS,
FMS,
FMS,

FMS,
FMS,

z

- -

lo

-

fo

oF

-

°

YONHNOHNHNHHNHOZY
eS ee A oe ae

-

-
-

ak
0O.Q.0

YONN FH UY
= &.=
olme)

(ORANGE PEEL

GRAB
(TRAWL)
A,M

Ss ,M

M

(ORANGE PEEL

aot.

STROMBUS GIGAS

X ENOPHORIDAE

252. XENOPHORA CONCHYLIOPHORA 10 Loc,
LAME LLARIDAE
28.6 LAMELLARIA SP. A
F OSSARIDAE
254. ISELIEA ANOMALA
255. FOSSARUS SP, A
256. FOSSARUS SP. B
E RATOIDAE
Pets TRIVIA PEDICULUS
258. TRIVIA MALTBIANA
ass TRIVIA CANDIDULA
260. TRIVIA ANTILLARUM
261. TRIVIA SUFFUSA
262. ERATO MAUGERIAE
CY PRAEIDAE
263. CYPRAEA CINEREA
264, CYPRAEA SPURCA

: ACICULARIS
2G5. CYPRAEA ZEBRA
266. CYPRAEA CERVUS
OVULIDAE
267. NEOSIMNIA INTERMEDIA
268. NEOSIMNIA ACICULARIS
269. NEOSIMNIA UNIPLICATA
270, NEOSIMNIA SP, A
2/1. NEOSIMNIA SP. B
272. CYPHOMA MCGINTYI
ATLANTIDAE
273. ATLANTA INFLATA
274. ATLANTA FUSCA
27S. ATLANTA PERONI
276. ATLANTA_INCLINATA
ae go ATLANTA HELICINOIDES
278. PROTATLANTA SOULEYETI
CASSIDIDAE
ar. SCONSIA STRIATA
280. PHALIUM GRANULATUM
BURSIDAE
Pat. BURSA THOMAE
282. BURSA SPADICEA
283. BURSA CUBANIANUM
CY MATIIDAE
284. CYMATIUM POULSENI
285. CYMATIUM PILEARE
286. CYMATIUM PARTHENOPEUM
aG7 . CYMATIUM NICOBARICUM
288, CYMATIUM KREBSI
289. CYMATIUM RUBECULUM

OCCIDENTALE

290. CYMATIUM SP, A
net.

DISTORSIO CONSTRICTA

1 sLoc.

1 0c.

WO = —= WH U—
fe
[e)
Qa

ZA TEOC.
33 Loc.

NW WwW DBD
i
fe)
c?)

PAGE 65

13-16

20-40

20

30
10-50
25-28

25-28

30
10-50
25~28
10-50
10-50

10=28

10-50
4- 8
10-50

30
10-25
=e
20

11
1O=T1

67
13-167
4-167
13-450
67
60-140

15-70
4-75

10-28
15
10-16

10-50
13-28
10-20
10-50

20-40

25-28
29-28
30

FMS,

FMS,

FMS,

FMS.
FMS.
FMS.

FMS.
FMS.
FMS,
FMS.
FMS.
FMS,

FMS.

FMS.
FMS,
FMS.

FMS.
FMS.
FMS.
FMS.
FMS,
FMS.

FMS.
FMS.
FMS.
FMS,
FMS.
FMS.

FMS.
FMS.

FMS.
FMS.
FMS.

FMS.
FMS.
FMS.
FMS.
FMS.

FMS.
FMS.
FMS.

S202 sz
w
==

(

OW
<<

12)
>

292. DISTORSIO CLATHRATA 33
T ONNIDAE
293. TONNA GALEA 4
NATICIDAE
294. SIGATICA CAROLINENSIS 2
295. NATICA CANRENA 19
296. NATICA SP. A 14
297. NATICA sP. B 11
298. NATICA SP. C 4
299. POLINICES HEPATICUS 1
300, POLINICES DUPLICATUS 24
301, POLINICES SP. A 1
302. TECTONATICA PUSILLA 70
303. DILLWYNELLA (?) sP. A 1
304. DILLWYNELLA (7?) sP. B 1
305. SINUM PERSPECTIVUM 10
306. SINUM MINOR 4
MU RICIDAE
307. MUREX POMUM 8
308. MUREX BELLEGLADEENSIS 13
309. MUREX FULVESCENS re
310, MUREX BRANCHI 2
ach, MuREX SP. A 1
312 Murex SP. B 1
313. MuREX SP. C 1
S14. MUREXIELLA CELLULOSUS 2)
StS. MUREXIELLA LEVICULA 15
ef. RISOMUREX ROSEUS 18
PF RISOMUREX SP, A F
318, DRUPA MODULOSA Fa
319. OCENEBRA INTERMEDIA 2
320, TYPHIS SOWERBYI 1
321. THAIS HAEMOSTOMA 34
MAGILIDAE
S22. CORALLIOPHILA MANSFIELDI 3
323. CORALLIOPHILA CARIBAEA 6
324. CORALLIOPHILA ABERRANS-) 5
325. CORALLIOPHILA ABBREVIATA 3
COLU MBELLIDAE
326. ANACHIS OSTREICQLA 11
B27". ANACHIS OBESA 31
328. ANACHIS IONTHA 14
329. ANACHIS TRANSLIRATA
SEMIPLICATA 7
300), ANACHIS AVARA SIMILIS 15
S31. ANACHIS AVARA, SUBSP, A 1
oes ANACHIS TRANSLIRATA Fa
333, ANACHIS SP, A 6
334. ANACHIS SP. B 2
3335. ANACHIS SP, C 2
336. ANACHIS SP, D 3
B3/ « ANACHIS SP, E -

A. FLORIDANA

1

Loc,

Loc,

Loc,
Loc,
Loc,
Loc,
Loc,
Loc,
Loc.
Loc,
toc,

Loc,

Loc. 7 1/2-12 FMS.
110-140 FMS,
75-110 FMS.

Loc,
LOC.
LOC.

Loc.

PAGE 66

4-75

10-15

11
10-85
8=75
9-50
10-67
29
0-26
56
4-75
450
450
0-25
8-70

12-40
20-40
0-110
50-1106
7-172
TrO=15
30
10-25
12-40
7-40
10-16

10-30
10-28
13-16
13=28

0-25
4-32
10-43

4-12
6-25

5
4-32

FMS,

FMS.

FMS,
FMS,
FMS,
FMS.
FMS.
FMS.
FMS,
FMS.
FMS.
FMS.
FMS.
FMS.
FMS.

FMS.
FMS.
FMS,
FMS.
FMS,
FMS.
FMS,
FMS.
FMS,
FMS,
FMS,
FMS.
FMS.
FMS,
FMS,

FMS.
FMS,
FMS.
FMS.

FMS.
FMS.
FMS.

FMS,
FMS,
FMS,
FMS,

SMZTZTZTONVNO ZV ONS

10-28 FMS.

8 FMS,

-

ozzzz
Oo: 6
>

>

°

fa)

oz2z

-

Oz

zzz
iu, 2

> Oo

9
<
in

-

rPzZz

AA0ONnAAANHOAZTZVONN
>

0)
=
fe)

-
-_

Zu
=

=

Ont O20
ru >

BEACH ,O,S,M
$s So
S Sa

SILTY So
SS ,.M
SIT & SAND
M, S&S

338. ASTYRIS DUCLOSIANA 26
339: ASTYRIS LUNATA 3
340, NITIDELLA SP. A 1
Say. NITIDELLA SP. B 1
342, AMPHISSA SP. A 13
BUCCINIDAE

343. COLUBRARIA OBSCURA Z
344. COLUBRARIA LANCEOLATA 4
$45. ENGINA TURBINELLA 2
346. PISANIA PUSIO 1
347. CANTHARUS TINCTUS a
348. CANTHARUS MULTANGULUS 1
349. CANTHARUS CANCELLARIUS 28
350. CANTHARUS AURITULUS 3
Bol. CANTHARUS SP. A

aSe2 « ANTILLOPHOS CANDE! 6
i NASSARINA GLYPTA S31
354. ANTEMETULA AGASSIZI 1
FASCIOLARIIDAE

a55. FASCIOLARIA HUNTERIA 26
356. PLEUROPLOCA GIGANTEA 8
357. LATIRUS INFUNDIBULUM 4
356. LATIRUS SP, A 1
359. FUSINUS TIMESSUS 2
360. FUSINUS SP. B 1
361. FUSINUS SP. C 1
MELONGENDAE

362. BUSYCON CONTRARIUM 25
363. BUSYCON CANDELABRUM 12
364. BUSYCON SPIRATUM a |
NASSARIIDAE

365. |(NASSARIUS ACUTUS ST
366. NASSARIUS VIBEX 4
oG/.. NASSARIUS ALBUS 17
S66. NASSARIUS SP. A 17
369. NASSARIUS SP. B 21
OLIVIDAE

370. OLIVA SAYANA 33
Sal. OLIVA CARIBAEENSIS 5
ro i a OLIVELLA DEALBATA 21
ars OQLIVELLA BULLULA 10
374. OLIVELLA THOMPSONI 1
SP. OLIVELLA ADELAE 1
376. OLIVELLA SP. A 1
MITRIDAE

ro ae PUSIA PULCHELLA 2
378. PUSIA GEMMATA 2
379. PuSIA sP. A 1
380. PusiA sP. B 2
381. PusIA sP. CG 1
362. PusiA sP, D 1
383. MITRA BARBADENSIS 1

Loc,
Loc,
Loc,
Loc,
Loc,

Loc,
Loc,
Loc,
Loc.
LOC,
Loc.
LOC,
Loc.

Loc.
Loc.
Loc.

Loc,
LOC.
LOC.
Loc,
Loc,
Loc,
Loc,

Loc,
Loc.
Loc.

Loc.
Loc,
Loc.

Loc.
Loc.

Loc,
Loc,
Loc,
Loc.
Loc,
Loc,
Loc,

Loc.
Loc,
Loc,
Loc.
Loc,
Loc,
LOC.

PAGE 67

6-32 FMS,
O- 7 FMS.
25-28 FMS.
167 FMS.
4-70 FMS,

10-28 FMS.
10-50 FMS,
13-16 FMS.
13-16 FMS.
4-16 FMS.
25-28 FMS.
0-25 FMS.
10-16 FMS.

10-70 FMS.

10-70 FMS.
70 FMS.

4-50 FMS,
8-23 FMS.
20-43 FMS.
25 FMS.
26-40 FMS.
25 FMS.

6 FMS.

0-50 FMS.
20-40 FMS.
O-27 FMS.

0-25 FMS.
O FMS.
4-43 FMS.

20-16 FMS.
8-50 FMS.

0-40 FMS.
11-40 FMS.
5-75 FMS.
10-167 FMS,
12 FMS.

11 FMS,
10-13 FMS.

10-16 FMS.
10-28 FMS.
25-28 FMS.
10-16 FMS.

30 FMS.
10-13 FMS.
13-16 FMS.

BEACH, M,O
CORAL REEF ,O

S ,M,CuLcH,
A,Cc

M

Ss,M

384. MITRA NODULOSA 7 (4c,
385. MITRA SWANSONI 4 Loc,
386. MITRA sP. A 1 Loc,
387. MITRA sP. B 3 toc,
388. MITRA SP. E ' £26,
V OLUTIDAE
389. SCAPHELLA SP. A ¥ Loc.
390. AURINIOPSIS KIENERI > LOC,
CANCE LLARIIDAE
391, CANCELLARIA RETICULATA 6 Loc,
392. CANCELLARIA SMYTHI 7 Loc.
393. ADMETE SP. A 7 (es
MARG INE LLIDAE
394. MARGINELLA AUREOCINCTA 15 LOC.
395. MARGINELLA SP. A Te ‘ee,
396. PERSICULA MINUTA 2 t-5c.
397. BULLATA OVULIFORMIS 20. Lec.
CONIDAE
398. CONUS SOZONI 6 Loc.
399. CONUS CENTURIO t Loc.
400, CONUS CLARK! 23 tec;
401. CONUS RANUNCULUS 4 Loc.
402. CONUS AUSTINI 20 "L0G.
403. CONUS AUSTINI SUBSP. A 4 Loc.
404. CONUS sSTIMPSONI 1 ‘hoc.
405. CONUS FLORIDANUS 4 Loc,
406. CONUS SP. A i toc.
407. CoNUS SP, B 1 Loe.
408. CONUS SP. C So toc,
TEREBRIDAE
409, TEREBRA DISLOCATA 3 Loc.
410, TEREBRA PROTEXTA 59 Loc.
411. TEREBRA CONCAVA 24 Loc,
412. TEREBRA LIMATULA 4 Loc.
413. TEREBRA FLORIDANA 1 Loe;
414, TEREBRA SP, A 1 kOe,
415. TEREBRA SALLEANA S Loe,
416, TEREBRA MARYLEEAE T ‘tee.
TURRIDAE
417. PLEUROTOMA SP, A i EGC.
418, POLYSTIRA ALBIDA oY OG.
419. POLYSTIRA TELLEA a LOO.
420, ANCISTROSYRINX RADIATA 6° toc,
421. CRASS ISPIRA OSTREARUM 13 Loc,
422. CRASSISPIRA FUSCESCENS- 1 LOC.
423. CRASSISPIRA SP. A I Los.
424. CRASSISPIRA SP. B 1 Lec,
425, CRASSISPIRA SP, C 1 “oc.
426. LEUCOSYRINX SP, A 5» LOC,
427. LEUCOSYRINX SP. B 1 toc,
428. CLATHRODRILLIA SP. A S 6G.
429, CLATHRODRILLIA SP, B 1 Lec,
430. CLATHRODRILLIA SP, C 1 LOS,
PAGE 68

10-28
10-50

110
10-28
25-28

110
43-140

4-12
10-50
28

10-70
10-110
10-28
12-16

20-40
10-13
20-50
13=30

20-25
43
12-30
12
73
25-50

4-32
4-75
6-40
50=75
40

25
0-25
=

150
20-75
50-75
25-50

8-40
13

10

12

50
40-110
20
50-70
70

110

FMS.

1/2-75 FMS.

FMS,

FMS.
FMS,
FMS,
FMS,
FMS,
FMS,
FMS.
FMS,

FMS,
FMS,
FMS.
FMS.
FMS.
FMS.
FMS,
FMS.
FMS.
FMS.
FMS,
FMS,
FMS,
FMS,

zoze

ZZaOANHH>ZOAN
nnzza
£.&

z

2 Zz
Oo

-

Sas O.2 2-050 0 GFE

431. COMPSODRILLIA SP, A 4
432. SYNTOMODRILLIA SP. A 1
433. CARINODRILLIA SP. A 2
434. CARINODRILLIA SP, B 15
435. CERODRILLIA CLAPPI 7
436. DRILLIA SP. A 6
aS? . DRILLIA SP. B 16
438. DRILLIA SP, C 1
439. DRILLIA COCCINATA 1
440. LEPTADRILLIA SPLENDIDA 20
441. NEODRILLIA CYDIA 1
442. LISSODRILLIA SP, A 14
443. MONILISPIRA MONILIS 9
444, GENOTA SP. B 1
445. GENOTA SP. A 1
446. GLYPHOSTOMA SP, A 1
447. GLYPHOSTOMA SP, C 1
MANGE LIIDAE
448. INODRILLIA SP. A 1
449. INODRILLIA SP, B 1
450. INODRILLIA SP, C 1
451. FENIMOREA SP, A 1
2452. GLYPHOTURRIS QUADRATA 6
453. GLYPHOTURRIS SP. A 3
454. ITHCYTHARA LANCEOLATA 1
45 ITHCYTHARA PSILA 5
456. ITHCYTHARA SP, A 7
457. ICHCYTHARA SP. B 14
458, ICHCYTHARA SP, C 21
459. GRANOTURRIS SP, A 2
460. CRYOTURRIS SP. A 20
461. CRYOTURRIS SP, B 9
462. KURTZIELLA CERINELLA 14
463. KURTZIELLA LIMONITELLA 25
464, KURTZIELLA SP. A 32
465. KURTZIELLA SP. B 28
466. KURTZIELLA SP. C 1
467. NANNODIELLA MELANITICA 27
468. NANNODIELLA SP. A 4
469. NANNODIELLA SP. B 11
470. RUBELLATOMA sP. A 23
471. RUBELLATOMA SP. B 11
472. VITRICYTHARA METRIA 17
473. PYRGOCYTHARA DENSES—
TRIATA a
474. PYRGOCYTHARA PLICOSA 1
475. PYRGOCYTHARA COXI 1
476. PYRGOCYTHARA ASARCA 6
477. PYRGOCYTHARA ELATA 4
478. PYRGOCYTHARA SP. A 3
479. PYRGOCYTHARA SP. B 1
480. THELECYTHARA FLORIDANA § 1
481. BRACHYCYTHARA SP, A 5
PAGE

Loc,
Loc,
Loc,
Loc,
LOC,
Loc,
Loc,
Loc,
Loc,
Loc,
LOC.
Loc,
Loc,
Loc,
Loc,
LOC.
LOC.

Loc,
Loc,
Loc,
LOC,
LOC,
Loc,
LOC.
Loc.
Loc.
Loc.
Loc.
Loc.
Loc,
Loc,
LOC.
Loc.
Loc,
Loc,
Loc.
LOC,
Loc.
Loc,
Loc.
Loc,
Loc,

LOC,
Loc.
Loc,
Loc.
LOC,
Loc.
Loc,
Loc,
Loc.

69

20-75 FMS.
25-28 FMS.
20-25 FMS.
15-70 FMS.
12-30 FMS.
50-75 FMS.
9-37 FMS,
167 FMS.
110 FMS,

13 1/2-110 FMS.

20 FMS.
11-167 FMS,
6-20 FMS,
25-28 FMS.

110 FMS.

110 FMS,

40 FMS,

50 FMS.
50 FMS.

{t ems.

25-28 FMS.
12-75 FMS.

150-450 FMS.

9 FMS.
12-37 FMS.
12-30 FMS.
11-25 FMS.
11-70 FMS.

67-110 FMS.
9-50 FMS.
5-60 FMS.

7 1/2-25 FMS.
7 1/2-37 FMS.
8-70 FMS.
7 1/2-60 FMS.

10-13 FMS.
8-140 FMS.
20-50 FMS.
12-167 FMS.

7 1/2-50 FMS.

8-25 FMS.

7 1/2-37 FMS.

9-20

FMS.
FMS.
FMS.
FMS.
FMS.
FMS.
FMS.
FMS.
FMS.

: =
W
=

0) z
z

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z
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NDNNNNN ZNNHHNVHNSKHHKPUNnNYNY
ae ae eee

-

482.
483.
484.

485.
486.
487.
488.
489.
490.
491.
492.

DAPHNELLA SP.
DAPHNELLA SP.

BRACHYCYTHARA SP. B
BRACHYCYTHARA SP, C
DAPHNELLA STEGERI
DAPHNELLA MORRA

1

8

2
12

DAPHNELLA LYMNAEIFORMIS 1

DAPHNELLA SP. A

DAPHNELLA SP.
DAPHNELLA SP.
DAPHNELLA SP,

1modoao

ACTEONIDAE

493.

494.

495.
496.
497.
498.
499.

ACTEON SP,

ACTEON PUNCTOSTRIATUS

(SMALL NUCLEUS)

ACTEON PUNCTOSTRIATUS
(LARGE NUCLEUS)

ACTEON SP, A

ACTEON SP. B

ACTEON SP,

mong

ACTEON SP.

RINGICULIDAE

500. RINGICULA SEMISTRIATA
BULLIDAE

oy BULLA STRIATA

502). BULLA SP,

ATYIDAE

503... ATYS LINEATA

504. ATYS RIISEANA

505.. AtTys sP. A

506. ATys sP. B

507. ATYS SP. C

508. HAMINOEA ELEGANS
509. HAMINOEA ANTILLARUM
S10. HAMINOEA SUCCINEA

it ee HAMINOEA SP, A

S12. HAMINOEA SP. B
RETUSIDAE

Sy ee RETUSA CANALICULATA
ay & RETUSA CANDE!

= RETUSA sP. A

286. RETUSA SP. B

= be am VOLVULELLA PAUPERCULA
518, VOLVULELLA RECTA
3196. VOLVULELLA TEXASIANA
520. VOLVULELLA PERSIMILIS
521. VOLVULELLA SP. A
Ye PYRUNCULUS CAELATUS

S CAPHANDRIDAE

523.

SCAPHANDER WATSON!

1

1
1
1
8
3

14

11

23

oN

—_— —- —- —= —« () NW — NN

20

Loc. 10-13 FMS,
Loc. 15-167 FMS.
Loc. 24-25 FMS,
Loc, 12-40 FMS.
LOC. 10-13 FMS.
Loc, 30 FMS.
Loc. 140 FMS.
Loc. 23 FMS.
LOG; 25-28 FMS.
Loos 20-75 FMS.
Loe. 20 FMS.
Lec: 0-37 FMS.
LOC. 11-75 FMS.
LOG: 30 FMS.
toc. 50-450 FmMs.
foc. 28 FMS.
LOC. 23-30 FMS.
LOC, 110 FMS.
Loc. 20-167 FMS.
Loc. 0-12 FMS.
Loc. 12-167 FMS.
Loc. 10-28 FMS.
Loc. 0-32 FMS.
Loc. 140-500 FMs.
Loc. 152-170 FMS.
Loc. 22 1/2-170 FMS.
Loc. 30 FMS,
Loc. O FMS.
Loc. O FMS.
Loc. 30 FMS.
Loc. 12 FMS.
Loc. O-12 FMS.
Loc 0-12 FMS.
Loc. 9-50 FMS.
Loc. 6- 9 FMS.
Loc. 50-110 FmMs,
Loc. 40-75 FMS.
LOG. 9-28 FMS.
Loc. 8-167 FMS.
Loc, 50-75 FMS.

Loc. 7 1/2-75 FMS.

LoG,.- 20=167

PAGE 70

FMS,

ORANGE PEEL
A
S mM

ACTEOCINIDAE

524. CYLICHNA BIDENTATA 18 Loc, 8-20 FMS. 0,0
Bed. CYLICHNA SP, A 2 tac, 30-70 FMS, M
526. CYLICHNA SP. B 2 Le. 6-10 FMS, Ss,M
PHILINIDAE
B27. PHILINE SAGRA 10 Loc. 17-56 1/2 FMs. S,M
528. PHILINE SP. A iskoc. 32 FMS. Ss ,M
529. PHILINE SP. B 1 ‘LOG, 167 FMS, M
PLEUROB RANCH IDAE
530. PLEUROBRANCHUS SP, A 1 ‘Loc. 25-28 FMS. A
Sol. LOBIGER SP. A 1 Loc, 25-28 FMS. A
PYRAMIDELLIDAE
O36. PYRAMIDELLA SP, A 1 Loc, 8 FMS. S,S,M
pac. PYRAMIDELLA SP. B L Lec. 30 FMS, Ss,S,M
534. PYRAMIDELLA SP. C t goc. 25 FMS, S‘*Ss .M
535. PYRAMIDELLA sP. D Mp We fod 40 FMS. (TRAWL)
556. PYRAMIDELLA SP. E 1- Loc. 25-28 FMS. A
war’, PTYCHEULIMELLA SP. A 2 Loc. 40-167 FMS. M
ao0. PTYCHEULIMELLA SP. B 1 Loc. 167 FMS. M
229. PTYCHEULIMELLA SP. C 6 coc, 40-167 FMS. M
540. PTYCHEULIMELLA SP, D 2 LSC. 60-67 FMS. M
541. PTYCHEULIMELLA SP, E SuLOG. 67-85 FMS, M
542. LONCHAEUS CRENULATUS 31 Loc. 7 1/2-28 FMS. Ss ,S,M,O
543. MENESTHO BISITURALIS(?) 2 Loc. 5-20 FMS. @)
544. MENESTHO IMPRESSA 4) LOG. 5-11 FMS. SAND Stir
545. MENESTHO SP. A 12 Loe: 9-28 FMS. SSM
546. MENESTHO SP, C BLOG. 10-28 FMS. C,A
547 . MENESTHO SP, D 5 Loc. 70-75 FMS. M
548. MENESTHO SP, E ISEOG . 450 FMS. M
549. CHRYSALLIDA BUSHIANA 2 toc. 7 1/2-10 FMS. .oM
550. CHRYSALLIDA SEMINUDA ne Lec. 5-40 FMS. S',S..|M
oe i CHRYSALLIDA SP. A 2 Loe. 9-32 FMS. So yh
Soe. FARGOA DIANTHOPHILA 3 LOG. 8-12 FMS. SS Mo
553. CINGULINA BABYLONIA 5 0c. 12-50 FMS. SiS.
goa. IVIDELLA sP, A 2 Loc. 12-25 FMS. $s ,S,M
5D5:: IOLAEA SP. A 3 LOG. 10-67 FMS. = SY, |
556. IVARA SP, A 3 Loc. 8.1/2-110 FMS. M
‘S07 . IVARA sP. B t- Loe. 5 FMS. SILT AND SAND
a568, MIRALDA sP, A 2 LOG, 10-28 FMS. C,A
559. MIRALDA sP. B 1° bos. 12 FMS,
560. MIRALDA sP, C 4 Loc. 4-28 FMS, | ec .A.6
561. MIRALDA sP. D jes Bre foe 30 FMS. Oo “
562. SALASSIA SP, A 2 LOC. 10-28 FMS. C,A
563. SALASSIA sP. B SYLOG:. 20-60 FMS. A,O
564. SALASSIELLA SP. A 2 bec; 30 FMS. Oo
565. SALASSIELLA sP. B 2 Lec. 20-30 FMS. s,S,M
566. EULIMASTOMA CANALICU—

LATA 29 Loc, 0-140 FMS. S,S..M.AsO
567. EULIMASTOMA WEBERI 10. Loc. 4-75 FMS, S,M,0
568. EULIMASTOMA TERES 11 Loc, 4-20 FMS. SS... Mio
569. EVALEA sP, A i-Loe. 25-50 FMS, Oo
70. EVALEA sP. B f Loc. 25 FMS. S,S,M
SF’. ODOSTOMIA GIBBOSA 6 Loc. 5-12 FMS. S,M,O

PAGE 71

S72.
573.
574.
975.
576.
a a
578.
579.
580.
$81..
582.
3263.
584.
585.
586.
587 .
588.
589.
520.
aol.
592.
393.
294.
595.
596.
527%
598.
599.
600.
601.
602.
603.
604,
605.
606.
607.
608.
609.
610.
oft,
Giz.
613.
614.
615.
616.
G17 .
618,

SAYELLA SP.

SAYELLA SP.
SAYELLA SP,

PERISTICHIA
TURBONILLA
TURBONILLA
TURBONILLA
TURBONILLA
TURBONILLA
TURBONILLA

TURBONILLA

TURBONILLA
TURBONILLA
TURBONILLA
TURBONILLA
TURBONILLA
TURBONILLA
TURBONILLA
TURBONILLA
TURBONILLA
TURBONILLA
TURBONILLA

TURBONILLA

TURBONILLA

TURBONILLA

TURBONILLA

TURBONILLA
TURBONILLA
TURBONILLA
TURBONILLA
TURBONILLA
TURBONILLA
TURBONILLA
TURBONILLA
TURBONILLA

TURBONILLA

TURBONILLA
TURBONILLA

TURBONILLA

TURBONILLA

TURBONILLA
TURBONILLA
TURBONILLA
‘TURBONILLA
TURBONILLA
TURBONILLA

TURBONILLA

MELANELLIDAE

619.
620.
621.
622.
623.

BALCIS JAMA

A

B

Cc
TORETA
PENISTONI

HEMPHILLI
CURTA
DALLI
ABRUPTA

ELEGANS
SWIFTI
UNILIRATA
PUPOIDES
INTERRUPTA
INCISA

PILSBRYI
CONRADI
ALFREDI
CF. PYRRHA

HAYCOCKI
VALIDA
STIMPSONI
Si
Sr.
SP.
St.
Sr
Sr.
SP.
SP.
Sis
SPs
SP
SP.
Sie
Se.
SP.
SP.
SP.
SP.
SP’.
SP.
Sri.
a a
SP.
SP.
SP.

NMS < CHO yOUuZzZ Ss rAG ro am oo w >

>
>

ICENSIS

BALCIS CONO

IDEA

BALCIS HEMPHILLI
BALCIS GIBBA

BALCIS PATULA

_ —_
oo W

—

nN
ONNwWO HR KM Ws Bs BB BRO O = = ONN We UN

LOC.
Loc.
Loc,
Loc,
Loc.
LOC.
Loc,
Loc,
Loc,
LOC.
Loc,
Loc,
Loc,

Loc,

LOC.
Loc.
Loc,
Loc,
Loc.
Loc.
Loc.
Loc

LOC,
Loc.
Loc,
Loc,
Loc,
Loc,
Loc.
Loc,
Loc.
Loc.
Loc.
Loc,
Loc,
Loc.
Loc,
Loc,
Loc,
Loc,
Loc,
Loc,
Loc.
Loc.
Loc,
Loc,
Loc,

Loc.

Loc.

Loc,
Loc,
Loc,

PAGE 72

12-32 FMS.

7 1/2-32 FMS.

70 FMS.
8-24 FMS,
8-30 FMS.

7 1/2-20 FMS,

4-40 FMS.
8-12 FMS,
5-25 FMS.
4-70 FMS.

13 1/2-70 FMS.
8 1/2=20 FMS.

12-28 FMS,
0-40 FMS,
10-25 FMS.
11-20 FmMs.

7 1/2-110 FMS.

8-37 FMS.

7 1/2-50 FmMs.

20-50 FMS.
8-25 FMS.

8 1/2-25 FMS.

50 FMS.

7 1/2-25 Fms.

50-70 FMS.
4-25 FMS.

18 1/2-40 FMS.

50-75 FMS.
20-75 FMS.
50 FMS.
8-23 FMS.
25-50 FMS.
75 FMS,
5-24 FMS.
10-30 FMS,
5-20 FMS.
40 FEET

40 FMS.

67 FMS.
11-20 FMS.
11 FMS,
9-25 FMS.
50 FMS.

7 1/2-32 FMS.

40-75 FMS.
10-67 FMS.

7 1/2-37 FMS.

8-50 FMS.
8-32 FMS.
4-25 FMS.
4-12 FMS,

22-167 FMS.

TO BE CONTINUED...

ON ZNNY

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CONCHOLOGIST

1975

VOLUME IX, NOC. 4 JUNE,

A SURVEY OF THE MOLLUSCAN-FAUNA OF THE NORTHWEST BY H. Ove

GULF OF MEXICO - PRELIMINARY REPORT (CONTINUED)

CopE: A = ALGAL REEF
C = CORAL REEF
M = mMuD
O = OUTCROPS (PLEISTOCENE ROCKS, MOSTLY SHELL CONCRETIONS, ETC.,
AND MIOCENE UPLIFTS.
S = SAND, SANDY MUD, SILT, ETC.

ME LANELLIDAE (CONTINUED)

624. MELANELLA ARCUATA 7 LOC 9-25 FMS. S,S,M,A
625. MELANELLA SP. A 10 Loc 4-40 Fos. A,S,S,M
626. MELANELLA SP. B Sinkzoc 25-30 FMS. S.-sM
G27. MELANELLA SP, C AOC 25-28 FMS. A
628. MELANELLA SP. D 2 LoS 9 FMS. S,o Mi
629. MELANELLA SP. E EGC 25-28 FMS. A
630. MELANELLA SP, F 17 Loc. 4-32 FMS. SS .,M ,oO
631. MELANELLA SP, G 8 Loc. 9-30 FMS. SS.
G32. MELANELLA SP. H Sj (fore 4-32 FMS. S,.SeMio
633. MELANELLA SP. K t Loc; 140 FMS, M
634. NISO INTERRUPTA 31 Loc. 4-174 FMS. ©°.S' 5S. M
635. Niso sp. A 5 Loc. 60-167 FMS. M
636. Niso sp. B t- bec. 40 FMS, TRAWL
637. STROMBIFORMIS AUREO—

CINCTA 3 Loc 25-50 FMS. s,S,M
636. STROMBIFORMIS BIFAS=

CIATA w% LOC. 4-111 FMS. Ss.,S,M
639. STROMBIFORMIS SP. A 1 Loc 25 FMS. Ss SM
640. STROMBIFORMIS SP, B 3 Loc. 8 1/2-167 FMS. Ss,S,M
STILIFERIDAE e
641. STILIFER SUBULATUS 3 Loc. 10-50 FMS. Cc,O
642. ROSENIA SP. A 1 Loc, 25-28 FMS. A
MATHILDIDAE
643. (MATHILDA BARBADENSIS 6 Loc. 25-50 FT. C,A
644. MATHILDA SP, A 6 Loc. 10-40 FMS. O,Cc,.S'.M
645. MATHILDA SP. B 1 Loc 30 FMS, Oo
646. MATHILDA SP. C 1 Loc 25-28 FMS. A
PERA€LIDAE
647. PERACLE RETICULATA 6 Loc 67-500 FMS. M
S PIRATE LLIDAE
648. SPIRATELLA INFLATA 20 Loc 32-500 FMS. Ss ,M,M,
649. SPIRATELLA LESUEURI 15 Loc 28-500 FMS. PCy) 2S) sve

PAGE 73

CONTINUED ON PAGE 75

The TEXAS CONCHOLOGIST is the official publication of the Houston Conchology Society,

Inc., and is published quarterly at Houston, Texas.

The TEXAS CONCHOLOGIST is mailed, postpaid, to regular and subscribing members of the

Society, with the exception that only one copy is mailed to a family.
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ASSOCIATE EDITOR CIRCULATION
Mrs. Hollis Q. Boone - 668-8252 Mr. & Mrs. Sam Miron

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The TEXAS CONCHOLOGIST accepts contributions for publication from amateurs, students,
and professionals, subject to approval by the editorial board. Manuscripts should be typed,
double-spaced and should be submitted to the editorial staff.

REMINDER

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ARE MENTIONED ON THIS SAME PAGE. CHECQUES SHOULD BE MADE OUT TO: HOUSTON
CONCHOLOGY SOCIETY, AND SENT TO: Mr, WILSON WARD, TREASURER, P. O. Box |
26341, HousToN, TEXAS 77032. |

CHANGES IN PUBLICATION DATE

IN ACCORD WITH WISHES EXPRESSED BY OUR MEMBERS AND LAST BUT NOT LEAST BY
OUR PRINTER, WHO HAS ALWAYS PRODUCED A NICE AND READABLE PUBLICATION AT A
COST THE SOCIETY CAN AFFORD, WE WILL CHANGE BACK TO A MONTHLY FORMAT FOR
VOLUME 10, ALTHOUGH NO DEFINITE DECISION HAS BEEN MADE BY THE EDITORIAL
STAFF , THE SUGGESTION BY SOME MEMBERS, THAT WE PUBLISH A LARGER SIZE PRINT ,
1.E. INCREASE THE SURFACE AREA OF OUR PUBLICATION, IS UNDER STUDY. MEMBERS
AND SUBSCRIBERS SHOULD LET THE EDITOR KNOW AS SOON AS POSSIBLE ABOUT THE PROS
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REWARD FOR PUZZLE SOLVERS

IN THE DECEMBER ISSUE (TEX. CONCH. , VOL. 9, P. 44-46) WE PROPOSED A PUZZLE
TO OUR READERS. THE EDITOR WILL AWARD A NICE LARGE SPECIMEN OF _SPONDYLUS
AMERICANUS (UNCLEANED OUTER SURFACE) FROM THE FLOWER GARDENS TO THE READER
WHO SENDS IN THE FIRST CORRECT ANSWER.

PAGE 74

CONTINUED FROM PAGE 73

650.
Cat.
652.

SPIRATELLA TROCHIFORMIS 1

SPIRATELLA BULIMOIDES
SPIRATELLA SP, A

CAVOLINIDAE

653.
654.
555.
656.
637.
658.
Ooo.
660.
661.
662.
663.
664,

CAVO LINA TRIDENTATA

CAVOLINA TRISPINOSA

CAVOLINA QUADRIDENTA

CAVOLINA UNCINATA
CAVOLINA LONGIROSTRIS
CAVOLINA GIBBOSA

STYLIOLA SUBULA
CRESEIS ACICULA

CRESEIS SP. A
HYALOCYLIS STRIATA

CUVIERINA COLUMNELLA

CLIO PYRAMIDATA

S IPHONARIIDAE

665.
666.

WILLIAMI KREBSI

SIPHONARIA PECTINATA

SPIRULIDAE

667.

SPIRULA SPIRULA

S IPHONODENTALSIDAE

668.
669.
670.

CADULUS MAYORI

CADULUS SP, A.

CADULUS SP. B

U MBRACULIDAE

671.
672.
673.
674.
S75...
676.
Gr? .
678.
679.
680.
681.
682.
683.

UMBRACULUM PLICATULUM

UMBRACULUM SP. A
HYALOPATINA SP, A
DENTALIUM JEXASIANUM
DENTALIUM EBOREUM
DENTALIUM LAQUEATUM
DENTALIUM SP. A
DENTALIUM SP.
DENTALIUM SP,
DENTALIUM SP.
DENTALIUM SP.
DENTALIUM SP,
sP.

rjM ITN |M jN}o

DENTALIUM

SOLEMYACIDAE

684,

SOLEMYA OCCIDENTALIS

NUCULIDAE

685.

NUCULA PROXIMA

NUCULANIDAE

686.
687.
688.
689.
690.

691,

692,

YOLDIA SOLENOIDES

NUCULANA ACUTA
NUCULANA BIPENNIS
NUCULANA CARPENTERI
NUCULANA CONCENTRICA
(RIBBED)
NUCULANA CONCENTRICA
(SMOOTH)

NUCULANA PLATESSA

KO LOC.
Zz LOC.

j (A Io) og

14 Loc.
27 OC.

13 Loc.
25

f Lec.
Bec.
LOC.
26 HOC).
4 LOG.
8 oc.
Loc.

1A)Loec.

3 LOC.

PAGE 75

85 FMS.
28-500 FMS.
23-67

37-152
10-500
13-500 FMS.
1-500 FMS.
8 1/2-450 FMS.

450 FMS.
12-500 FMS.

4-500 FMS.
50-140 FMS.
32-450
13-500
25-450

FMS.
FMS,

FMS,
FMS.
FMS,

9-50 FMS.
0-7 1/2 FMS.

O FMS.

12-70 FMS.
14-500 FMS.
30-500 FMS.

10-28 FMS.
10 FMS.
30 FMS.
4-70 FMS.
4-12
11-75
450-500
12-50
11-40
110-170 FMS.
150 FMS.
140 FMS.
27-56 1/2 FMS.

FMS.
FMS.
FMS.
FMS.
FMS.

140 FMS.

FMS,

FMS.
FMS.
FMS.
FMS.
FMS.

4-40 FMS.

110-150 FMS.

M ,O
SANDY M,O
M ,O

M,O
M,O

SANDY M

M

693. NUCULANA SP, A
694, NUCULANA SP. B
695. NUCULANA SP, C
696. NUCULANA SP, D
697. NUCULANA SP, F
MALLETIIDAE
698. MALLETIA SP, A
ARCIDAE
699, ARCA IMBRICATA
700, ARCA ZEBRA
701, ARCA SP, A
702. ANADARA OVALIS
703: ANADARA _LIENOSA
FLORIDANA
704, ANADARA TRANSVERSA
405% ANADARA NOTABILIS
706. ANADARA BAUGHMANI
707. ANADARA BRASILIANA
708. NOETIA PONDEROSA
709. BARBATIA TENERA
719, AANADARA CHEMNITZI
Fig ee ANADARA SP. A
a ae ANADARA SP. B
ik ANADARA SP. D
714, BARBATIA DOMINGENSIS
Tea BARBATIA CANDIDA
716, BARBATIA CANCELLARIA
TT. ARCOPSIS ADAMSI
71é, BENTHARCA SP. A
LIMOPSIDAE
Zine. LiMOPSIS MINUTA
720, LIMOPSIS SULCATA
‘i LiMOPSIS SP, A

GLYCYMERIDIDAE

Tee GLYCYMERIS SPECTRALIS

423. GLYCYMERIS DECUSSATA

MyTILIDAE

724. LITHOPHAGA BISULCATA

725, GREGARIELLA OPIFEX

726. MoDIOLUS AMERICANUS

fers ADULA sP. A

Zo. BRACHIDONTES RECURVUS

729. GEUKENSIA DEMISSA
GRANOSISSIMA

730. LITHOPHAGA SP. A

TaN. MopIio.Lus sp, A.

fae, AMYGDALUM PAPYRIA

Lads LIOBERUS CASTANEUS

734. VOLSELLA SAGITTATA

faa BOTULA FUSCA

7368. LITHOPHAGA NIGRA

137 « MuUSCULUS LATERALIS

736, CRENELLA SP. B

3

Loc. 38-167
iOc.. 500
LOC. 170
LOC. 150
Loc. 24-70
Loc. 50
LOG. 5-28
LOC. 5-43
Loc, 25
Loc: 0-37
Loc.

Lag. 0-70
HOG! 20-28
Loc. 10-60
LOC. 0-25
Loc. 0-37
Loc. 10-25
LOG. 12-25
LOC. 67
Loc. 25-43
Loc. 9-75
LOS. 10-25
LOG. 12-50
LOC, 13-28
LOC’. 8-43
toc. 67-167
toc. .70=T67
Loc. 75-110
Loc. 420-450
Loc. 13-152
EOC. 10-28
Lec, 6-25
Loc 7-43
LOC 8-110
Loc 7-40
Loc 0-25
Loe. 0
LOG. an
Loc 25-28
Loc. 0)
Loc.7 1/2-25
LOG. 23-30
Loc, 10-28
Loc. 10-16
Loc. 8-25
EOC. 23

PAGE 76

FMS,
FMS,
FMS,
FMS,
FMS,

FMS.

FMS.
FMS.
FMS.
FMS,

8-56 1/2 FMS.

FMS,
FMS,

FMS.

FMS,
FMS,
FMS,
FMS.
FMS.

(2.
00

-
-

-
-

.
-

in wey
Zo0002

-
=

>

-
-

00

fa)
>

-
-

YHNOUNN DAH ZONNNNOND
zo

.

i a a a ee
0:0

<esg

Ss M.S
A,Cc

Rock ,O,A,C,S,M

S ,.M,O,A,C
S.M

S,M
FLATS; O

FLATS

S.M

A

MARSHES

oO ,.S.,M
S,M

CA

Cc

O,M,S
ORANGE PEEL

S39). CRENELLA sP. A 3
740. BRACHIDONTES EXUSTUS 6
741, DIMYA ARGENTEA ? 9
PINNIDAE
742. _ATRINA SP, A Z
FAS. ATRINA SERRATA 9
744, ATRINA SEMINUDA 4
745. PINNA CARNEA 2
MALLE IDAE
TAG - MALLEUS CANDEANUS 2
PTERIIDAE
747. _PTERIA COLYMBUS i724
ISOGNOMONIDAE
748, ISOGNOMON RADIATUS 2
LIMIDAE
749. LIMA PELLUCIDA 13
750), LIMA SP. B- 7
wor. LIMA LOCKLINI 16
S32. LIMA SCABRA TENERA 5
POS LIMATULA SUBAURICULATA 9
PLICATULIDAE
TDA. PLICATULA GIBBOSA 24
S PONDYLIDAE
Po SPONDYLUS AMERICANUS 5
PECTINIDAE
756. PECTEN RAVENELI 30
AST PECTEN SP. A 1
758, AMUSIUM PAPYRACEUM 40
759. CHLAMYS BENEDICTI 21
760. CHLAMYS SENTIS 2
761. LYROPECTEN NODOSUS 4
762. AEQUIPECTEN GLYPTUS 4
763. AEQUIPECTEN IRRADIANS 2
764, AEQUIPECTEN MUSCOSUS 37
765. AEQUIPECTEN GIBBUS 65
766. AEQUIPECTEN SP. B 1
167. CYCLOPECTEN NANUS 29
768. CYCLOPECTEN SP. A 5
769. CYCLOPECTEN SP. B 1
470. CYCLOPECTEN SP. C 1
PROPEAMUSSIDAE
TTL IEA PROPEAMUSSIUM POURTA—
LESIANUM 1
ANOMIIDAE
Lies PODODESMUS RUDIS 16
172. ANOMIA SIMPLEX 60
OSTREIDAE
774. OSTREA EQUESTRIS 57
4FS% OSTREA PERMOLLIS 1
7716. OSTREA FRONS 1
Laan OSTREA THOMASI 4
778. OSTREA SP. A 1
779. CRASSOSTREA VIRGINICA 24

Loc. 420-450 FMS,
LOC. 0-25 FMS.
Loc. 13 1/2-70 FMS,
Loc. 12-25 FMS.
Loc. 0-23 FMS.
HOC. O-75 FMS,
LOG. 10-28 FMS.
LOG. 10-16 FMS,
Loc. 6-40 FMS,
LOC. 10-16 FMS.
Loc. 12-500 FMS
LOG. 11-37 FMS
LOG. 8-50 FMS
LOG. 10-28 FMS
Loc. 25-450 FMs
[Maree 6-43 FMS
LOG. 10-28 FMS
Loc; 6-40 FMS.
roe: 30 FMS.
Loc. 13 1/2-75 FMS.

Loc. 7 1/2-70 FMS.
Loc. 10-16 FMS,
LOC. 10-28 FMS.
Loc. 32-110 FMS.
LOC. O-4 FMS.
FMS, 9-50 FMS.
LOG. 4-60 FMS.
EOC? 75 FMS.
Loc. 13 1/2-450 FMs.
Loc. 67-167 FMS.
LOC, 110 FMS,
Lac. 85 FMS.
LOG. 450 FMS.
Loc. 0-37 FMS.
LOG. 0-75 FMS.
EOC. 0-70 FMS,
Loo. 25-28 FMS.
EOS. 25-28 FMS.
Loc. 10-28 FMS.
Loc. 25-28 FMS,
LOG. 0-43 FMS.

PAGE 77

M
MARSHES, S,O,M
s,M

TRAWL
O,A,S,M
M

CORAL; A

ASTARTIDAE

780, ASTARTE NANA 5 toc, 110-170 Fms. M

781. VENERICARDIA ARMILLA 13 Lec: 8-167 FMS. M

CONDYLOCARDIIDAE

782. CONDYLOCARDIA SP. A eo toe; 10-28 FMS. Cc" zs

CARDITIDAE

783. CARDITA FLORIDANA S 1L60c; 4-30 FMS. Ss M,C

CRASSATELLIDAE

784, EUCRASSATELLA SPECIOSA 31 Loc. 13 1/2-50 FMs. S,M

785. _CRASSINELLA MARTINI- 29 Loc. 8 1/2-70 FMs. S,M,A,0O
CENSIS ©

786. CRASSINELLA LUNULATA 46 Loc. 4-50 FMS. S,M,O

7&7. CRASSINELLA SP, A 2° EOS. 11-30 FMS, S,M |

CORBICULIDAE

788, PSEUDOCYRENA FLORIDANA_ 1 LOC, 7 1/2 FMS. TRAWL

DRE

789. MyTILOPSIS LEUCOPHEATA 5 Loc. 0-30 FMS. Ss ,M

UNGULINIDAE

790. DIPLODONTA SOROR AA oc: 4-40 FMS. Ss .M,.©

791. DIPLODONTA PUNCTATA ie: ay 9 a 7-40 FMS. Ss,M

792. DIPLODONTA SEMIASPERA l Loe. 7 FMS. O

793. DIPLODONTA NOTATA i Loc. 20 FMS, S,M

794, DIPLODONTA TURGIDA 16. Lo0c* 20-50 FMS. S,M

795 DIPLODONTA SP. A AILOC . 23-28 FMS. S,M

THYASIRIDAE

796. THYASIRA TRISINUATA 25 toc.7 1/2-70 FMS. S.M

FAS FCs THYASIRA SP. A 11 Loc. 20-170 FMs. S,M

798. THYASIRA SP, B 2 toc. 110-140 Fms. M

799. THYASIRA SP. C 3 Loc. 110-167 FMS. M

800. THYASIRA SP. D l {E0G. 170 FMS, M

801. THYASIRA SP, E 2 toc. 110-150 FMS. M

802. THYASIRA SP, F 3 Loc. 70-167 FMS, M

803. THYASIRA SP, G 1HCOG': 25 FMS. DREDGE

LUCINIDAE

804, CODAKIA ORBICULARIS SyLoc- 12-28 FMS. A

805. CODAKIA ORBICULATA 1 Loc. 60-80 FEET Cc

806. CODAKIA sP, A 2406, 10-28 FMS. A,Cc

807. CODAKIA SP. B 4 0c. 13-28 FMS. A,C,O

808. CODAKIA SP, C NieoG. 25-28 FMS. A

809. PHACOIDES PECTINATUS 3 Loc. O-12 FMS, S AND SILT

810. LUCINA FILOSA 3 Loc. 110-140 FMms. M

ort. LUCINA FLORIDANA 3 Loc, 4-25 FMS.

812. LUCINA AMIANTA 48 Loc. 4-43 FMS. S,M,O,A

813. LUCINA SOMBRERENSIS 21 bee. 20-70 FMS, S (Meo

814, LUCINA MULTILINEATA 45 Loc. 5-43 FMS. S.M.o.e

815. LUCINA SP. A T Loe. 25 FMS. Oo

816. MYRTAEA PRISTOPHORA 2 Loe... 75—)TOsEMS. M

817. MYRTAEA SP. A 2 toc. 150-167 FMS. M

818, MYRTAEA SP. B 1EOG.. 167 FMS. M

819, ANODONTIA ALBA 2 Loc. 4-12 FMS,

820, ANODONTIA PHILIPPIANA -. Loc. 12-70 FMS. S,M,O

821. DIVARICELLA QUADRISUL- 5. £606. 4-25 FMS. S,M

CATA

PAGE 78

CHAMIDAE

822. ECHINOCHAMA ARCINELLA 54 Loc. 4-43 FMS.
823. CHAMA CONGREGATA SF 1000; 4-40 FMS.
824 CHAMA SINUOSA IerOG. 10-13 FMS,
825. PSEUDOCHAMA RADIANS She | Me fot 10-28 FMS.
826. PSEUDOCHAMA SP. A 3 LOC, 5-20 FMS.
GALEOMMATI!IDAE

827. ACLISTHOTHYRA ATLANTICA 1 LOC. 25 FMS,
ERYCINIDAE

828. LASAEA SP. A 19 Loc. 8 1/2-70 FMs.
829. LASAEA SP, C T toe, 4 FMS.
830. LASAEA SP. C (SMOOTH .

FORM) 5 toc. 50-167 FMs.

831. ERYCINA PERISCOPIANA 8 Loc 11-37 FMS,
632. ERYCINA EMMONSI t Loc, 25 FMS.
$33. ERYCINA SP. A i Lec, 50 FMS,
834. ERYCINA SP. B. 1 Loc

LEPTONIDAE

B35. LEPTON LEPIDUM i EOC

836. LEPTON SP. A 2 2c 23-37 FMS.
S37. LEPTON SP. B "tT ESC, 67 FMS.
838. LEPTON SP. C 3 Lec 23-32 FMS.
S39. LEPTON SP. D 2 LOC 8-10 FMS.
840. LEPTON SP. E 1 Lee. 30 FMS.
KELLIIDAE

841. KELLIA ORBICULATA 22. LOC 6-43 FMS,
842. KELLIA SP. A L Bec. 60-80 FMS.
843. KELLIA SP. B 1 Loc; 12 FMS,
844, PYTHINA SP, A 1 Loc

MONTACUTIDAE

845. MYSELLA PLANULATA A Loc. 0-25 FMS.
846. MYSELLA SP. A 18 Loc. 12-40 FMS.
847. MYSELLA SP. B 4 Loc. 9-12 FMS.
848. MYSELLA SP. C 7 toc. 20-450 FmMs,
849. MYSELLA sP. D 2 Loc. 8-8 1/2 FMS.
850. MYSELLA SP. F I Loc. 150 FMS,
SST. ALIGENA TEXASIANA 7 LOG. 4-25 FMS,
852. ALIGENA SP. A 1 Loc. 13-16 FMS.
853. ALIGENA SP. B Toe. O FMS.
854, ANISODONTA SP. A 2 LOE . 23-40 FMS.
655. FABELLA SP. A 8 Loc. 9-32 FMS.
856. FABELLA SP. B BEDS. 10-28 FMS.
Tea? « FABELLA SP. C t (LOC, 60-80 FMS,
858, BASTEROTIA QUADRATA

GRANATINA hoe. 40 FMS.

859. BASTEROTIA ELLIPTICA 8 Loc. 18 1/2-50 FMS.
.860, BASTEROTIA SP, A Ib .koee. 60-80 FMS,
861. BASTEROTIA SP. C bh L0G. 50 FMS.
S PORTELLIDAE

862. ENSITELLOPS SP. A 1: (Lec, 11 FMS.
S63. ENSITELLOPS sP, B 3 Loc, 8-23 FMS.
864. SPORTELLA SP. A LOG. 60-80 FMS.

PAGE 79

zzz
(@h (e)}

Ow =e Wen MH
=

CARDIIDAE

865. T RACHYCARDIUM_ ISOCAR=
DIA _ 4 Loc. 6-11 FMS. Sy
866. TRACHYCARDIUM MAGNUM toc. 25-28 FMS. A
867. TRACHYCARDIUM MURI-~
CATUM i beC; 0-30 FMS, S.M,O
868. TRIGONIOCARDIA MEDIA 17 kOe; 10-32 FMS. SS: .M,ALo
869, DINOCARDIUM ROBUSTUM 20 Loc, 0-43 FMS, S.M,O,A
870. LAEVICARDIUM MORTONI 3 .L0C. 0-25 FMS. sit ess
871. LAEVICARDIUM LAEVIGATUM30 Loc, 9-50 FMS. S,M,O,A
872. LAEVICARDIUM SYBARITICUM2 LOC, 11-12 FMS, SoM
o7.3. LAEVICARDIUM PICTUM A2' 6c. 4-70 FMS, Ss ,.M,O
874, PAPYRIDEA SOLENIFOR-
MIS_ Le OC. 12-40 FMS, S,M,O,A
875. PAPYRIDEA SOLENIFORMIS
SUBSP. A ln koG:. 60-80 FMS. Cc |
876. | MICROCARDIUM PERAMA- ;
BILE 9 Loc. 50-167 FMS. M |
Si 7'. MICROCARDIUM TINCTUM 20 toc. 20-167 FMS. S,.M,O |
VENERIGLOSSIDAE
878. VESICOMYA PILULA 38 Loc. 7 1/2-167 FMs. S,M,M
879. VENERIGLOSSA SP. A 2 toc. 20-167 FMs. M,S,M
880. VENERIGLOSSA SP. B 2 toc. 13 1/2-25 FMS.
PETRICOLIDAE
881. RUPELLARIA TYPICA 2 LOS. 4-12 FMS. 1)
882. PETRICOLA LAPICIDA . ECOG; 4-8 FMS. Oo
883. PETRICOLA PHOLADIFOR-
MIS- 4 Loc. O-5 FMS. SILT 2S
VENERIDAE
884, ANTIGONA RUGATINA 2, £06, 13-20 FMS. Ss .M,.e
885. ANTIGONA STRIGILLINA 16 Loc. 13 1/2-50 FMs. S,M,O,A
886. ANTIGONA LISTERI T Geoc. 25 FMS. O
887. ANTIGONA RIGIDA 4 Loc. 10-28 FMS. C,A
888, MERCENARIA CAMPECHIEN-
SIS TEXANA 14 Loc. 0-33 FMS. O,S,M
889, CHIONE CANCELLATA ey | olor 6-25 FMS. S.-M 76
890. CHIONE INTRAPURPUREA 27 LOCK 4-30 FMS. S,M,O
891. CHIONE CLENCHI 64 Loc. 4-50 FMS, Ss. M,6.h
892. TIMOCLEA GRUS 34 Loc. 7-43 FMS. SM. Cc.
893. PITAR CORDATA AOD) Loc. 12-60 FMS. S,M,O
894, ~ PITAR SIMPSONI 2 LOC. 25 FMS. O,S.M
895. PITAR SP. A 2) LOC. 5-40 FMS. S°;M. Ge
896. PITAR SP. B fh ADE. 30 FMS, S
897. PITAR SP. C 1 Lee, 450 FMS. M
898, CALLOCARDIA TEXASIANA 4 Loc. 9-50 FMS, S,M
899, ANOMALOCARDIA CUNEI-
MERIS 6 Loc. 0-25 FMS, O,S,M
900. GOULDIA CERINA 52 toc. 4-56 1/2 FMS. S ,.M,O,A,C
901. MACROCALLISTA MACULATA25 Loc, 6-25 FMS. S,M,O
902. ,.MACROCALLISTA NUMBOSA 1 Loc, 6 FMS, SAND AND SHELLS
903. COSTACALLISTA EUCYMATA 1 Loc, 25 FMS. Oo
904, TRANSENNELLA CUBANIANA 2 Loc. 75-110 FMS, M
905. CYCLINELLA TENUIS 21, Lec. 4-30 FMS. S Mee

PAGE 80

Loc,
LOC,

Loc,
LOC.
Loc.
LOC,
Loc,
Loc,

1.toc.

906. DOSINIA ELEGANS 30
907. DOSINIA DISCUS 13
TELLINIDAE
908, TELLINA MAGNA 3
909, TELLINA ALTERNATA 20
910, TELLINA TAYLORIANA 2
AE TELLINA NITENS 37
912. TELLINA SQUAMIFERA 34
O13, TELLINA TAMPAENSIS 2
914, TELLINA MARTINICENSIS
915. TELLINA LINEATA 1
916. QUADRANS LINTEA 35
917, TELLINA TEXANA 2
918, TELLINA PROBRINA 21
919, TELLINA VERSICOLOR 53
920, TELLINA SYBARITICA 31
921. TELLINA IRIS 2
922. TELLINA SP. A 1
923. MACOMA CONSTRICTA 3
924, PSAMMOTRETA BREVIFRONS 14
925. MACOMA PSEUDO-

MERA 19
926. CY MATODEA ORIENTALIS 13
927. MACOMA MITCHELLI 1
928. MACOMA PULLEYI 14
929. MACOMA TAGELIFORMIS 21
930. MACOMA EXTENUATA 39
931. MACOMA TENTA 2
932. MACOMA sP, A’: 1
933. STRIGILLA MIRABILIS 24
934. TELLIDORA CRISTATA 13
DONACIDAE
935. DONAX VARIABILIS 9
936. DONAX TUMIDUS 21
SEMELIDAE
937. SEMELE PROFICUA 6
938, SEMELE PURPURASCENS Zi
939. SEMELE BELLASTRIATA 31
940, CUMINGIA TELLINOIDES 3
941. SEMELE NUCULOIDES 15
942, ABRA LIOICA 8
943. ABRA AEQUALIS 47
944, ABRA LONGICALLIS a
945. CUMINGIA ANTILLARUM 1
PSAMMOBIIDAE
946. ASAPHIS DEFLORATA 1
947, PSAMMOBIA CIRCE 2
S OLENIDAE
948, SOLEN VIRIDIS 9
CULTELLIDAE
949, 4

ENSIS MINOR

LOC,
Loc,
Loc.
Loc,
Eoc.

Loc.

LOC.
LOC,
Loc,
Loc.

Loc,
LOC,
Loc,
Loc.
Loc,
Loc.
Loc,
Loc,
Loc,
Loc,

Loc,
LOC.

Loc,
Loc,
Loc,
Loc,

Loc,

Loc,
Loc,
LOC,
Loc,

Loc.
LOC.

Loc,

Loc,

PAGE 81

4-32 FMS,
0-43 FMS,

6-12 FMS,
0-25 FMS,

O FMS,

4-40 FMS,
9-110 FMS,
7 1/2-25 FMS,
25 FMS,

4 FMS.

4-50 FMS.
0-7 1/2 FMS,
14-50 FMS.
4-40 FMS,
4-50 FMS.
O-5 FMS,

50 FMS,

O FMS,

7-25 FMS,

7-50 FMS,
9-25 FMS,
25 FMS,
15-50 FMS,
8-40 FMS,
0-70 FMS,
25-50 FMS,
25 FMS,
4-33 FMS,
8-25 FMS.

0-28 FMS.
4-25 FMS.

5-12 FMS.

7 1/2-30 FMS.

4-32 FMS.
0-25 FMS,
6-25 FMS.

40-167 FMS.
4-40 FMS.
60-450 FMS,

4-8 FMS.

20 FMS.
12-28 —FMS.

FMS,

0-25 FMS.

S .M,0O.A
O, BEACH,S ,M

SHELLY SAND
S,M,O
BEACH

S,M,O
S,M,O,A

S,M,O

SILT FLATS
S,M,O
S,M,O
S,M,O

SittT & SAND
SHELLY M
Bays & BEACH

$,M,O

BEACH, S,.M,O

BEACH, S,M, O

SOLECURTIDAE

950. SOLECURTUS CLIMINGIANUS 31
951. SOLECURTUS SANCTAE MAR-
as 2
952. TAGELUS PLEBEIUS 2
$353.. TAGELUS DIVISUS 7
MACTRIDAE
954. MACTRA FRAGILIS 2
955. MACTRA SP. A 10
956. SPISULA SOLIDISSIMA 5
957. LABIOSA LINEATA 6
958. LABIOSA PLICATELLA 8
959. RANGIA CUNEATA 11
960. RANGIA FLEXUOSA 4
961. MULINIA LATERALIS a7
MESODESMATIDAE
962. ERVILIA CONCENTRICA 14
GASTROCHAEN!DAE
963. ROCELLARIA HIANS 13
964. ROCELLARIA SP. A a2
HIATELLIDAE
965. PANOPE BITRUNCATA 4
966. SAXICAVELLA SAGRINATA 11
967. HIATELLA ARCTICA ie
MYACIDAE
968. SPHENIA ANTILLENSIS 1
969. SPHENIA TUMIDA 1
970. SPHENIA SP. A 2
CORBU LIDAE
Sf t. PARAMYA SUBOVATA a
972. CORBULA BARRATTIANA 73
973. CORBULA SWIFTIANA 20
974. CORBULA DIETZIANA 18
975. NOTOCORBULA OPERCU-
LATA 60
S PHENIOPSIDAE
976. SPHENIOPSIS SP. A 13
PHOLADIDAE
977. PHOLAS CAMPECHIENSIS 3
978. BARNEA TRUNCATA 1
979. CYRTOPLEURA COSTATA 5
980. JOUANETTIA QUILLINGI = 8
981. DIPLOTHYRA SMYTHII 4
9&2. iVIARTESIA FRAGILIS 2
983. MARTESIA CUNEIFORMIS 6
TEREDINIDAE
984. TEREDO SP. A 1
985. TEREDO sP. B 2
986. BANKIA GOULDII J

KOG’, 9-70 FMS,
Loc. 25 FMS.
Los. 0)

Loc, 0-12 FMS.
EOC, 0-15 FMS.
Loc. 7-40 FMS.
Loc: 0-25 FMS.
Loc. O-40 FMS.
ToC. 0-25 FMS.
LOC. 4-37 FMS.
Loc. 4-25 FMS.
LOG. 4-40 FMS.
Loc. 8-32 FMS.
Wis | anes 12-40 FMS.
EOC3 4-43 FMS.
LOC’. 11-25 FMS.
toc. 23-70 FMS.
Loc, 13-40 FMS.
Loc.

EOC.

Loc. 6-25 FMS.
Loc. 7 1/2-25 FMs.
LOG. 4-75 FMS.
ie oe 5-43 FMS.
Loc. 6-40 FMS.
EOC. 6-70 FMS.
Loc. 22 1/2-75 FMS.
LOG. O-5 FMS.
LOGS O

Loc. 0-10 FMS.
LOC’. 9-37 FMS.
Loc. 0-22 FMS.
Loc. O-11 FMS.
Loc. O-15 FMS.
Loc. 40 FMS.
EOC. 11-22 FMS.
LOC. 8-70 FMS.

PAGE 82

S.M,A,O

SANDY ,M.O

BEACHES
BEACH .S .M

BEACH
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.BEACH ,O
mw

z2erzez

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S
—-
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SANDY .M,O,A

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BEACH
BEACH
O,S,M

S.M
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SILTY SAND

SILTY SAND

O ,BEACH ,SILTY

SAND

S,M,O

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BEACH ,.SANDY ,M

SILTY SAND .SANDY
M , BEACH

SHELLY SAND
SANDY ,M
SANDY ,M

LYONSIIDAE

987. LYONSIA HYALINA FLORI-
DANA 6
988, LYONSIA BEANA vA
PANDORIDAE
989. PANDORA TRILINEATA 5
990. PANDORA BUSHIANA 16
991 PANDORA INFLATA 39
ian. ° 9°
992. CYATHODONTA SEMIRUGOSA 9
993. | THRACIA CONRADI 20
994. ‘THRACIA SP. A 1
995. THRACIA SP. B 2
996. THRACIA SP. C 4
PERIPLOMATIDAE
997. PERIPLOMA MARGARITACEUM 1
998. PERIPLOMA SP. A 3
999. PERIPLOMA SP. B 3

VERTICORDIIDAE

1000. VERTICORDIA FISCHERIANA 8LOC. 37-110 FMS.
1001. VERTICORDIA ELEGANTIS—

SIMA 3 Loc. 110-170 FMS.
1002. VERTICORDIA ORNATA 25 Loc. 13 1/2-60 FMS.
1003. VERTICORDIA SP, A 8 Loc. 50-85 FMS.
1004. VERTICORDIA SP. B 2 toc. 110-140 FMs.
CUSPIDARIIDAE
1005. CUSPIDARIA JEFFREYSI 9 toc. 40-110 FMS
1006. CUSPIDARIA COSTELLATA

CORPULENTA 1 ‘Lee. 50 FMS
1007. CUSPIDARIA STRIATA 2 EOS. 60-70 FMS.
1008. CUSPIDARIA LAMELLIFERA 2 Loc. 70-110 FMS
1009. CUSPIDARIA GLACIALIS 1 boc. 50 FMS
1010. CUSPIDARIA GRANULATA 27 toc. 15-110 FMS
1011. CUSPIDARIA SP. A i toe. 170 FMS.
rOT2 . CUSPIDARIA SP. B I Loc: 167 FMS,
1013. “CUSPIDARIA SP. C 6 Loe. 20-70 FMS.
1014. CARDIOMYA ORNATISSIMA 29 Loc. 7 1/2=-50 FMS.
1015. CARDIOMYA PERROSTRATA 16 Loc. 25-167 FMS.
POROMY IDAE
1016. POROMYA ROSTRATA 18 Loc. 20-110 FMs.
rol? . CETOCONCHA SP. A l Eee; 110 FMS.
CHITONIDAE AND ISCHUOCHITONIDAE
1018, CHAETOPLEURA APICULATA 4 LOC, 6-12 FMS.
1019. TONICIA SCHRAMMI 3-Loc. 10-28 FMS,
1020. ISCHNOCHITON SP. A I tee. 25-28 FMS.
1021. ISCHNOCHITON SP. B 2 LOC. 10-28 FMS,
1022, ISCHNOCHITON SP, C 2 Lae. 13-28 FMS.
1023. ISCHNOCHITON SP. D f.tec. 10-13 FMS,
1024. ISCHNOCHITON LIMACI-

FORMIS 2, LOC, 10-28 FMS.
1025. ISCHNOCHITON PAPILLOSUS' 1 LOC, FMS,

0000000

LOC.

Loc. 8 1/2-32 FMS.

LOC.
LOC.

Loc. 8-56 1/2 FMS.

Loc, 22
Loe
EGG.
Coleps

Loc. 22 1/2-32 FMS.

LOC,
LOC.
LOG’.

PAGE 83

0-28

5-28
11-40

*/2-75 FMS.

11-60
a
14-15

2
28-50
O-167

FMS,

FMS,
FMS,

FMS,
FMS,
FMS,

FMS,
FMS,
FMS,

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Ss ,.M,O

OC ,SANDY .M
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S iM :O

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SHELLY SAND ,O

MOLLUSCANA BY W. W. Sutow, M. D.

FROM TIME TO TIME , MONOGRAPHS ARE PUBLISHED WHICH DEAL WITH A GROUP OF RELATED
SUBJECTS CONCERNING MOLLUSKS. IN PARTICULAR, THESE PUBLICATIONS PROVIDE AN UP—
DATED PERSPECTIVE OF A SPECIAL ASPECT OF THE FIELD PLUS AN EXTENSIVE BIBLIOGRAPHY.
IN MANY INSTANCES, THESE VOLUMES CONSTITUTE A SERIES OF BOOKS THAT CONCERN A
BROAD SPECTRUM OF RELATED BIOZOOLOGICAL SUBJECTS IN WHICH THE MOLLUSKS ARE IN-
CIDENTALLY INCLUDED. ONE SUCH SERIES IS ENTITLED CHEMICAL ZOOLOGY. EACH
VOLUME IS PREPARED BY A NUMBER OF AUTHORS, ALL OF WHOM HAVE CONTRIBUTED SIG=
NIFICANTLY TO PROBLEMS INVOLVING COMBINED CHEMICAL AND ZOOLOGICAL APPROACHES,
EACH CHAPTER IS INTENDED TO SUMMARIZE THE PRESENT STATE OF KNOWLEDGE. VOLUME
VIII OF THIS SERIES DEALS WITH MOLLUSKS. (MARCEL FLORKIN AND BRADLEY T. SCHEER,
EDITORS. CHEMICAL ZOOLOGY. VoLUME VIII. MoLLuscA. ACADEMIC PRESS.

NEW YORK AND LONDON. 1972. 567 PAGES). A LIST OF THE CONTENTS AND AUTHORS

IN THE VOLUME IS OUTLINED BELOW:

THE MOLLUSCAN FRAMEWORK. Cc. Hs -STASEK
T
STRUCTURE OF THE MOLLUSCAN SHELL. C. GREGOIRE
SHELL FORMATION IN MOLLUSKS. K. M. WILBUR
ByssuUS FIBER — MOLLUSCA. E.H. MERCER
CHEMICAL EMBRYOLOGY OF MOLLUSCA, Cc. P. RAVEN
PIGMENTS OF MOLLUSCA, T. W. Goodwin
RESPIRATORY PROTEINS IN MOLLUSKS. F. GHIRETTI AND A. GHIRETTI—~MAGALDI
CARBOHYDRATES AND CARBOHYDRATE METABOLISM IN MOLLUSCA. E. M. GOUDSMIT.
LIPID AND STEROL COMPONENTS AND METABOLISM IN MOLLUSKS. P. A. VOOGT
T
NITROGEN METABOLISM IN MOLLUSKS. M. FLORKIN AND S. BRICTEUX—-GREGOIRE
EgNDOCRINOLOGY OF MOLLUSCA. M. MARTOJA
IONOREGULATION AND OSMOREGULATION IN MOLLUSCA, E. SCHOFFENIELS AND
R. GILLES
ASPECTS OF MOLLUSCAN PHARMACOLOGY. R. ENDEAN
BIOCHEMICAL ECOLOGY OF MOLLUSCA. R. GILLES

* * * * *

THE SIZE AND SHAPE AND ASYMMETRY OF BIVALVE SHELLS OFTEN RAISE QUESTIONS RE-
GARDING THE POSSIBLE REASONS FOR THE DEVELOPMENT AND SELECTION OF WIDELY DIF-
FERENT MORPHOLOGIC CHARACTERISTICS AMONG VARIOUS SPECIES. THIS SUBJECT HAS
BEEN WIDELY EXAMINED IN THE DOCTORAL DISSERTATION PUBLISHED RECENTLY FROM THE
DEPARTMENT OF EARTH AND PLANETARY SCIENCES, THE JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY IN
BALTIMORE: STANLEY, S. M. RELATION OF SHELL FORM TO LIFE HABITS OF THE BI-
VALVIA, THE GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA. MEMOIR 125. BOULDER, COLO.

1970. 205 PAGES.
PAGE 84

THE BOOK DISCUSSES ADAPTATIONS (OF THE BIVALVES) FOR BYSSAL ATTACHMENT FOR
CEMENTATION. FOR RECLINING, FOR SWIMMING, FOR BURROWING IN SOFT SUBSTRATA
AND FOR LIFE IN HARD SUBSTRATA, THE LAST SECTION PRESENTS OBSERVATIONS ON
WESTERN ATLANTIC SPECIES OF THE UNITED STATES.

* * K K

PHILIP CHAPNICK, A SCIENCE WRITER, HAS DELVED INTO SOME ESOTERIC SCIENTIFIC
LITERATURE AND HAS PRODUCED A PERFECTLY READABLE (AND FASCINATING) ARTICLE
ENTITLED "A DAY _IN THE LIFE OF A FOSSIL — CRACKING THE CLAM SHELL CALENDAR,"
THIS APPEARED IN THE NOVEMBER 1972 ISSUE OF THE SCIENCES, 12:11-12. THE
BASIC SOURCE MATERIAL WAS WRITTEN BY GIORGIO PANNELLA FROM THE DEPARTMENT OF
GEOLOGY-GEOPHYSICS AT YALE UNIVERSITY. ONE OF PANNELLA'S REPORTS '"PALEON=
TOLOGICAL EVIDENCE ON THE EARTH'S ROTATIONAL HISTORY SINCE EARLY PRECAMBRIAN"
WAS PUBLISHED IN ASTROPHYSICS AND SPACE SCIENCE 16:212-237 , MAy.
1972. A BIBLIOGRAPHY OF OTHER PERTINENT RELATED PUBLICATIONS APPEARS IN THIS
ARTICLE.

SOME INTERESTING OBSERVATIONS ARE MENTIONED. THE FIRST IS THE PRESENCE OF

FAIRLY REGULAR STRIATIONS IN THE CALCIFIED STRUCTURES OF FOSSIL ORGANISMS SUCH

AS FOSSILIZED CORAL AND BIVALVE MOLLUSKS. WHEN THESE ORGANISMS ARE KNOWN

TO GROW CONTINUOUSLY THE RELATIONSHIP OF THESE STRIATIONS TO GROWTH INCREMENTS
OVER REGULARLY RECURRING TIME PERIODS (SUCH AS A DAY OR YEAR) CAN BE SUGGESTED,

IN FACT , PANNELLA HAS DEMONSTRATED IN THE SHELLS OF LIVING MERCENARIA MERCENARIA
AND MERCENARIA CAMPECHIENSIS THE RECORDS OF PASSAGE OF CONTEMPORARY TIME.

THE STRIATION LINE COUNTS CLOSELY APPROXIMATED THE NUMBER OF DAYS ELAPSED

DURING THE STUDY PERIODS.

THE PALEONTOLOGICAL DATA HAVE BEEN INTERPRETED TO INDICATE CYCLES OF DAILY,
TIDAL AND SEASONAL NATURE AND HAVE BEEN USED TO CALCULATE THE LENGTH OF LUNAR
MONTH AND YEAR IN THE GEOLOGICAL PAST. AN INSIGHT INTO THE ACCURACY OF THESE
CALCULATIONS IS PROVIDED BY STUDIES ON THE LIVING MERCENARIA, THE MEAN NUM=
BER OF DAYS PER MONTH (LUNAR) FROM 186 MONTHLY PATTERNS WAS FOUND TO BE 29.22
COMPARED TO THE ACTUAL VALUE OF 29.58 (A VARIATION OF ONLY 1.2%). THESE STUDIES
OF LIVING SHELLS HAVE PERMITTED PANNELLA TO CONCLUDE THAT THE DAILY RHYTHMIC
SHELL DEPOSITION OF CALCIUM CARBONATE IS INTERRUPTED BY ALTERNATION OF SPRING
AND NEAP TIDES. THE TEMPERATURE MINIMA OF ENVIRONMENT WATER IS ALSO IMPOR=
TANT FOR CONTINUITY OF GROWTH (E.G. ARCTIC BIVALVES DO NOT GROW IN WINTER).

A CAREFUL ANALYSIS OF DATA DERIVED FROM FOSSILIZED INVERTEBRATES INDICATES.
THAT 300 MILLION YEARS AGO (PENNSYLVANIAN TIME) THERE WERE 390 DAYS IN THE
YEAR, EACH DAY BEING ABOUT 22 HOURS LONG. DURING THE DEVONIAN=SILURIAN TIMES
(400 MILLION YEARS AGO) THE DAY WAS 21 HOURS LONG WITH 410 DAYS TO THE YEAR,
THERE HAS BEEN, THEREFORE, A "DECREASING NUMBER OF DAYS IN THE SYNODIC MONTH
AND THE YEAR SINCE 2800 MiLLION YEARS AGO".

* K * *K *

FOR THOSE INTERESTED IN THE NorRTH ATLANTIC (USA) MOLLUSKS, ATTENTION IS CALL—-
ED TO A PUBLICATION BY K. L. GOSSNER: GUIDE TO IDENTIFICATION OF MARINE AND
ESTUARINE INVERTEBRATES. CAPE HATTERAS TO THE BAY OF FUNDY. NEW YORK.
WILEY INTERSCIENCE. 1971. (CHAPTER 16, PP. 249-325. DEALS WITH THE PHYLUM
MOLLUSCA).

PAGE 85

SEARCH AND SEIZURE BY CONSTANCE BOONE

Mrs. BETTY BUTCHER HAS BEEN "SHELL SITTING” FOR SEVERAL MONTHS THIS SPRING.
WE ASKED HER TO RELATE SOME OF HER EXPERIENCES IN FEEDING AND KEEPING LIVE
PHALIUM GRANULATUM (BorRN , 1789) WHICH HAD BEEN COLLECTED BY FRIENDS OF HERS
IN LATE FEBRUARY ON THE BEACH BETWEEN JAMAICA BEACH AND SEA ISLE BEACH,

GALVESTON ISLAND.

"TIDES WERE UNUSUALLY LOW. LOTS OF BOTTOM FEEDERS SUCH AS STARFISH, SAND
DOLLARS, ETC. , WERE ON THE BEACH IN FEBRUARY. FRIENDS OF OURS LIVE AT JAMAICA
BEACH AND FOUND FOUR BONNETS; ONE DIED, BUT THREE LIVED. THEY WERE GOING ON

A MONTH'S VACATION AND ASKED US TO 'SHELL SIT' AND OF COURSE , WE WERE DELIGHTED!" ,
SAID Mrs, BUTCHER.

THE BUTCHERS ISOLATED THE BONNETS, NOT KNOWING WHETHER OR NOT THE MOLLUSKS
IN THEIR AQUARIUM WOULD ATTACK THEM. THEY DID NOT KNOW WHAT TO FEED THEM
AND TRIED SMALL COQUINAS BUT THE PHALIUMS WOULD NOT EAT ANY OF THE BIVALVES.,
THEY EVENTUALLY LEARNED FROM JEAN ANDREWS' BOOK , SEA SHELLS OF THE TEXAS
COAST, THAT BONNETS PREFER SAND DOLLARS.

" JUST PRIOR TO READING THIS, | HAD TAKEN A DEAD SAND DOLLAR OUT OF THE TANK AND
WONDERED IF THE BONNETS HAD EATEN IT BECAUSE IT WAS ALIVE WHEN I PUT IT IN THE
TANK ,"" SAID Mrs, BUTCHER.

"THEY FEED LIKE ANY OTHER UNIVALVE WITH THE EXCEPTION OF THE FACT THAT THEY
EAT SANDDOLLARS ONLY. WHILE FEEDING ON A SAND DOLLAR, THEY BEGIN AT ONE END,
WORK FORWARD, CONSUMING THE GREEN SPINES. THEY ALSO PUNCTURE A HOLE IN THE
SHELL AND WE FEEL THEY ALSO EAT THE BODY OF THE SAND DOLLAR.”

"SAND DOLLARS ARE ALL WE'VE FOUND THEY WILL EAT. NOT ONLY DO THEY EAT THE
TOP SPINES BUT THEY TURN THE SAND DOLLAR OVER AND EAT THE BOTTOM." "AFTER
EATING , THEY ACT THE SAME AS WHELKS, THEY SIMPLY TURN OVER ON THEIR BACKS
AND ENLARGE THEIR SHELLS,"

"S INCE ONE OF THE BONNETS WAS A GOOD DEAL SMALLER, WE WERE AFRAID HE WOULD
NOT GET ANYTHING TO EAT. AFTER WATCHING HIM FIGHT OFF (HE REACHED OUT AND
SEEMED TO BITE) ONE OF THE LARGER BONNETS, WE WORRIED NO LONGER,"

* * * * *

FEBRUARY WAS A REALLY BONUS MONTH FOR COLLECTING. TRUST FANNIE AND SAM
MIRON TO FIND A "GOODIE" AMONG THE MOUNTAINS OF WASHED~-UP LIVE SHELLS ON
FEBRUARY 2. I HAVE SEEN THE UNUSUAL DISTORTED BUSYCONS COLLECTED AROUND THE
CORPUS AREA, AND I HAVE SEEN ONE VERY DISTORTED _B, SPIRATUM COLLECTED AT
BoLivVAR, B5U7T I HAVE NOT SEEN SUCH A B, CONTRARIUM FROM GALVESTON AREA, THAT
DAY AT THE JETTIES IN GALVESTON, FANNIE AND SAM PICKED UP AROUND A HUNDRED
BUSYCONS. THE NEXT WEEK WHILE DOING THE CLEAN-UP JOB, THEY DISCOVERED THE
ELONGATE~SPIRED AND MUCH DISTORTED BUSYCON CONTRARIUM. IF INDEED THIS SHOULD
BE CALLED BUSYCON PERVERSUM, THIS ONE SPECIMEN IS A MOST PERVERSE ONE!

* * * * *

PAGE 86

IN DECEMBER, 1972, DURING THE FIRST WEEK WHEN A NORTHER CAME HOWLING IN, I
WAS IN PALACIOS FOR A COUPLE OF DAYS ON BUSINESS. THE OYSTER FLATS IN THE BAYS
WERE COMPLETELY EXPOSED FOR MILES ALONG THE BAYFRONT. I DONNED MY STOCKING—
FOOT WADERS, HOODED WEATHER JACKET, AND SET OUT WITH TROWEL AND BUCKET. THE
WIND WAS SO FIER“E (IT WAS 29 DEGREES) MY EYES WATERED SO MUCH I COULD HARDLY
SEE TRAILS OR HUMPS IN THE MUDDY SAND, BUT I DID PICK UP CLUMPS OF OYSTERS TO
EXAMINE AT HOME AND DID FIND A FEW RANGIAS,. THIS WAS ALL PUT AWAY AT HOME
BECAUSE I CAME HOME TO CHRISTMAS CHORES, AND I FORGOT THIS LOT OF SHELLS UNTIL
APRIL. 1! WAS DELIGHTED TO FIND IN THE MATERIAL SEVERAL RANGIA . CUNEATA (GRAY,
1831) IN A GROWTH SERIES. THE YOUNGER RANGIAS ARE CREAM COLORED AND NOT EROD-
ED AS THE ADULTS. THEY ALMOST LOOK LIKE A DIFFERENT SPECIES BECAUSE THEY ARE
FATTISH AND HAVE A SINUOUS DIP FROM THE UMBONE TO EDGE OF SHELL WHICH DISAPPEARS

AS THE SHELLS GET OLDER. I WAS MOST DELIGHTED TO SEE THAT I ALSO HAD ONE LIVE-
TAKEN RANGIA (RANGIANELLA) FLEXUOSA (CONRAD, 1839), A MUCH SCARCER SHELL AND
ONE THAT COULD ALMOST BE LISTED AS "RARE AND ENDANGERED", IT HAD BEEN KNOWN

IN NUMBERS ONCE IN CLEAR LAKE, BUT I DO NOT KNOW IF IT STILL IS THERE IN ANY
LARGE NUMBERS SINCE THE HABITAT IN FRONT OF THE GLASSES HOME IS SO FULL OF
MUCK AND DEEP SEDIMENT NOW.

| ALSO RECOVERED ONE LIVE AND ONE DEAD, FRESH PAIR, OF POLYMESODA CAROLINIANA
(Bosc, 1830.)

O000000

CORRECTIONS TO THE LISTING OF SPECIES IN THE PRELIMINARY REPORT.

APART FROM NUMEROUS ADDITIONS AND OTHER NECESSARY CORRECTIONS ONE CORRECT—
1ON SHOULD BE MADE NOW. ON PAGE 75 OF THIS ISSUE THE NUMBERS 671, 672 AND
673. WHICH BELONG TO THE UMBRACULIDAE , SHOULD HAVE BEEN LISTED SUBSEQUENTLY
TO NUMBER 531, AND THE FAMILY HEADING OF SPECIES NUMBERS 674-683 SHOULD BE:
DENTALIIDAE,

OO000O000 oA

PAGE 87

CYCLOSTREMISCUS JEANNAE PILSBRY AND MCGINTY, 1946,

THIS OFFSHORE NOT UNCOMMON SPECIES HAS SO FAR BEEN FOUND ONLY RARELY IN
BEACHDRIFT,. (ONE SPECIMEN, MATAGORDA BEACH, COLL. H. Ove; ONE SPECIMEN,
SOUTH PADRE ISLAND, COLL. A. SPEERS). THE SPECIES WAS DISCUSSED IN THE
BEACHNOTES (TEX. CONCHOL. , VOL. 6, P.2-3). IT IS, LIKE THE OTHER CYCLOSTRE-
MISCUS SPECIES OF THE TEXAS COAST, A RATHER HEAVILY BUILT SHELL, AT MOST

3 M.M. IN DIAMETER AND DIFFERS MARKEDLY IN SHAPE FROM C, PENTAGONUS GABB.
THE MAIN POINT OF DIFFERENCE !S ITS RATHER FLAT UPPER SURFACE , CAUSING A
SHOULDERED EFFECT IN THE LAST WHORL, ITS UMBILICUS IS WIDE OPEN,

TUNNELL HAS REPORTED THIS SPECIES IN 1969 FROM THE 7-1/2 REEF OFF PADRE
ISLAND. ON THE TEXAS OFFSHORE SHELF IT IS A RATHER COMMON SPECIES WHICH

HAS BEEN DREDGED IN A VARIETY OF LOCATIONS RANGING IN DEPTH FROM 8 TO 70 FMS,
APPARENTLY IT PREFERS, AS DO OTHER RECENT SPECIES OF THIS GENUS, AN ENVIRON=
MENT OF RATHER SANDY BOTTOMS, BUT ABOUT ITS MODE OF LIFE SOFAR IS LITTLE KNOWN,

MEMBERS OF THE GENUS CYCLOSTREMISCUS IN TEXAS LIVE IN DIFFERENT DEPTHRANGES,
C, SUPPRESSUS LIVES IN THE BAYS AND HAS ONLY BEEN QUITE RARELY DREDGED OFFSHORE.
THESE SPECIMENS MAY DERIVE FROM DROWNED BAY MATERIAL, OFTEN DREDGED OFFSHORE,
OUR DEEPEST RECORD IS 7-1/2 FMS. C, PENTAGONUS IS AN UBIQUITOUS SPECIES, BUT
OVERALL HAS A LESS DEEP OPTIMUM DEPTHRANGE (0-40 FMS.), WITH MOST FINDS AT
ABOUT 8-15 FMS. MOST OF OUR RECORDS FOR C, JEANNAE ARE FROM 15-30 FMS, OUR
FIGURE IS FROM A SPECIMEN FROM OFF GALVESTON (23 FMS.). UNFORTUNATELY NO
MEASUREMENTS WERE TAKEN , BUT ITS SIZE IS ABOUT 2 MM,

CYCLOSTREMISCUS JEANNAE PILSBRY AND MCGINTY, 1946,
PHOTOGRAPH BY CLYDE DEXTER.

PAGE 88

aa
THE COMPOSITION OF THE MOLLUSC FAUNA IN THE MUDLUMPS OF THE BYar.« ODE
MISSISSIPPI DELTA,

MUDLUMPS ARE RELATIVELY SMALL AND LOCALIZED GEOLOGIC STRUCTURES FOUND IN THE
AREA OF THE PRESENT MISSISSIPPI DELTA. IT ARE PERTURBATIONS IN THE UPPER 500
FEET OF THE LAYERED SEQUENCE OF THE DELTAIC SEDIMENTS. THEY OFTEN EXPRESS
THEMSELVES IN CHANGES IN TOPOGRAPHY OF THE SEABOTTOM. MUDLUMPS ARISE MAIN—
LY AFTER HIGH FLOOD STAGES IN THE RIVER, DURING WHICH LARGE QUANTITIES OF SAND
ARE SHIFTED OVER THE SEA FLOOR. THEIR MODE OF ORIGIN IS GENERALLY ACCEPTED TO
BE GRAVITATIONAL INSTABILITY OF THE SOFT WATER-SATURATED CLAYS, WHICH ARE
LOADED BY SHIFTING MASSES OF SAND AT THE EDGES OF THE DELTA. THE RELATIVELY
SOFT CLAY, WHEN OVERLAIN BY A BODY OF SAND, BECOMES UNSTABLE , DEFORMS IN A
WAVELIKE PATTERN AND AT SPOTS IS FORCED UPWARDS, OFTEN INTRUDING AND SOME-
TIMES BREAKING THROUGH THE OVERLYING BAR DEPOSITS. IN THIS MANNER ISLANDS ARE
FORMED WHICH CAN CONSTITUTE A HAZARD TO NAVIGATION IF THEY ARISE IN A SHIPPING
LANE. USUALLY MUDLUMPS ARE RAPIDLY ERODED AT THE TOP AND DISAPPEAR BELOW THE
SURFACE OF THE SEA IN A RELATIVELY SHORT TIME. MANY HUNDREDS OF THESE STRUC—
TURES ARE KNOWN, MOST OF WHICH ARE INACTIVE AND OLD AND WHICH ARE NOW BURIED
AND STABILIZED IN THE DELTA PLATFORM,

THE MUDLUMP CLAY WHICH WAS DEPOSITED 30 ,0O00 To 15, O00 YEARS AGO IN RELATIVE=
LY DEEP WATER, BEFORE THE PRESENT DELTA EXTENDED AS FAR OUT IN THE GULF AS IT
DOES NOW, CONTAINS A SHELL BED IN WHICH A RICH MOLLUSC FAUNA IS PRESENT. IN
SOME OF THE RECENTLY FORMED MUDLUMPS REACHING THE SURFACE, THIS SHELL BED

HAS BEEN EXPOSED SO THAT ITS COMPOSITION CAN BE EASILY STUDIED. AS WE WILL SEE,
FROM ITS COMPOSITION IT MAY BE INFERRED THAT THIS PARTICULAR MOLLUSC FAUNA MUST
HAVE LIVED IN WATER MUCH DEEPER THAN THE AVERAGE DEPTH OF THE SEA AROUND THE
MUDLUMPS AT PRESENT. SAMPLING OF THE EXPOSED SHELL BED THUS AFFORDS A UNI-—
QUE OPPORTUNITY OF STUDYING AT THE SURFACE A FAUNA WHICH MUST HAVE LIVED AT A
DEPTH OF ABOUT 40 FATHOMS. IN SEVERAL RESPECTS, OTHER THAN SHELL SPECIES
COMPOSITION , THE SAMPLE COULD BE RECOGNIZED AS ANOMALOUS, THE LARGE NUM-
BER OF DEEP WATER FORAMINIFERA AND THE RICH AND VARIED FAUNA OF BRYOZOA CLEAR=
LY INDICATE A SOURCE QUITE DIFFERENT FROM THE SHALLOW WATER ENVIRONMENT AROUND
THE PRESENT LUMP,

FROM Mr. F. VAN MORKHOVEN I RECEIVED TWO SAMPLES, EACH ABOUT ONE QUART IN
VOLUME OF ALREADY WASHED AND DRIED SHELL MATERIAL COLLECTED AT THE SURFACE
OF A MUDLUMP ABOUT TWO MILES SOUTHWEST OF SOUTH PASS (#89-90). ITS PRECISE
LOCATION 1S SP=-1-—-B OF REFERENCE 2. THIS WAS ORIGINALLY A SINGLE LARGE LUMP
THAT HAS, BECAUSE OF EROSION, SEPARATED INTO TWO DIFFERENT ISLANDS. ON THIS
LUMP THE SHELL BED WAS EXPOSED AT THE SURFACE SO THAT IT COULD BE EASILY
SAMPLED. THIS SAMPLE, WHOSE COMPOSITION WE WILL DISCUSS IN THIS NOTE, WAS
IN THE STRICTEST SENSE NOT COMPLETELY RANDOM, BECAUSE LARGER SPECIES QF MOL—
LUSKS WERE MISSING AND ONLY SMALL SPECIES OR SMALL SPECIMENS OF SOME LARGER
SPECIES MADE UP ITS COMPOSITION.

IN THE PAST SEVERAL STUDIES OF THE MOLLUSK FAUNA OF THE MUDLUMPS HAVE BEEN
MADE. IN HiS PH.D. THESIS (REF. 2), CORGAN HAS TABULATED MOST OF THESE RE-
SULTS AND IT IS NOT NECESSARY TO DISCUSS THE VARIOUS LISTINGS MADE BY PREVIOUS
INVESTIGATORS IN DETAIL HERE. WE WILL LIMIT OURSELVES TO A FEW REMARKS,
CORGAN FOCUSSED HIS ATTENTION ON THE GASTROPOD MICROMOLLUSK FAUNA OF THE MUD=—
LUMPS WHICH IS FORMED MAINLY BY THE FAMILIES: CAECIDEA, VITRINELLIDAE, PyRA-
MIDELLIDAE , AND SIPHONODENTALIIDAE AND A FEW OTHER SMALLER CATEGORIES (ARENE,

PAGE 89

RISSOINA). INSUFFICIENT SAMPLING LED CORGAN TO THE ERRONEOUS VIEW THAT PELE=
CYPOD MICROMOLLUSKS WERE ABSENT IN THE MUDLUMP FAUNA, TWO SPECIES OF CRASS=—
INELLA ARE ABUNDANT IN OUR MATERIAL AND LEPTONACEID BIVALVES ARE PRESENT, AL=
THOUGH IN SMALL NUMBER. ALSO THE FAIRLY COMMON VALVES OF THE OFFSHORE TEXAS
COMMON VESICOMYA PILULA AND MANY VALVES OF AN AS YET UNDESCRIBED WESTERN
GULF OF MEXICO SPHENIOPSIS SP, CERTAINLY QUALIFY AS MICROMOLLUSKS, CYCLO=
PECTEN NANUS AND THASIRA SP, OCCUR ALSO IN OUR SAMPLE,

SURPRISINGLY ENOUGH ONLY A RELATIVELY SMALL NUMBER OF SPECIES WAS ADDED TO
CORGAN'S LIST OF MICROMOLLUSKS, MAINLY RISSOACEA, ACLIDIDAE AND ODOSTOMIA.
CONCERNING THE MELANELLIDS CORGAN MADE THE STATEMENT THAT THE MELANELLID
FAUNA OF THE MUDLUMPS AND THE WESTERN ATLANTIC IS NOMENCLATORIALLY SIMPLE
AND INCLUDES FEW SPECIES. THIS IS NOT TRUE. THE PRESENT FAUNA OF THE WESTERN
GULF IS RICH IN THESE PARASITIC SNAILS WHOSE TAXONOMY IS ALMOST AS CONFUSED AS
THAT OF THE PYRAMIDELLIDS. WE HAVE ADDED A FEW SPECIES TO CORGAN'S LIST.

THESE OMISSIONS MAY EXPLAIN A CERTAIN DISPROPORTION IN FAUNAL COMPONENTS OF
THE MUDLUMPS AS REPORTED BY CORGAN IN AN APPENDIX, WHEN THIS FAUNA IS COM=
PARED WITH THE PRESENT FAUNA OF THE GULF. CORGAN LISTS'59 SPECIES OF BIVALVES,
12 SCAPHOPOD AND 115 GASTROPOD SPECIES OF WHICH 6 SCAPHOPOD AND 30 GASTROPOD~
SPECIES ARE NEW. THIS MEANS THAT ALREADY A FIRST PRELIMINARY INVESTIGATION
SHOWS THAT ABOUT 18 PERCENT OF THE MUDLUMP FAUNA SO FAR HAS ESCAPED DETECTION.
FAUNAS OF SIMILAR COMPOSITION ON THE OFFSHORE TEXAS SHELF ARE IN GENERAL RICHER
IN SPECIES THAN 193 AND ARE MORE BALANCED IN THEIR COMPONENTS. IN PARTICULAR
THE NUMBER OF SPECIES OF TURRIDS IS MUCH LARGER. ON THE OTHER HAND SEVERAL
OTHER SPECIES ABOUT WHICH CORGAN ALSO EXPRESSED SOME DOUBT AS BELONGING TO THE
MUDLUMP FAUNA AND WHICH CLEARLY BELONG TO SHALLOW WATER COASTAL FAUNAS
SHOULD NOT BE LISTED AS COMPONENTS OF THE MUDLUMP FAUNA. (DINOCARDIUM _
ROBUSTUM, TELLINA ALTERNATA, ETC.) IN CORGAN'S LIST OF 193 SPECIES, SOME OF
WHICH WERE COLLECTED BY OTHER WORKERS FROM CORE MATERIAL OBTAINED FROM
FORMATIONS SUPPOSEDLY EQUIVALENT WITH THE MUDLUMP CLAY, BUT NOT OF THE MUD=—
LUMPS THEMSELVES, 30 ARE MELANELLIDS AND PYRAMIDELLIDS WHICH WHEN COMPARED
WITH RECENT WESTERN GULF FAUNAS IS AN UNLIKELY HIGH PERCENTAGE. THIS WAS ONE
OF THE REASONS FOR THIS INVESTIGATION CONCERNING THE COMPOSITION OF THE MUD=
LUMPS FAUNA. ASA RESULT OF CAREFUL PICKING UNDER THE MICROSCOPE A LARGE NUM=
BER OF ADDITIONAL MOLLUSKS SPECIES CAME TO LIGHT. CORGAN WAS WELL AWARE OF
THE INCOMPLETENESS OF HIS LIST, BECAUSE HE STATES THAT HIS LIST REPORTS ONLY
"ABOUT ONE HALF OF THE TOTAL FAUNA PRESENT IN AVAILABLE COLLECTIONS FROM THE
MUDLUMP PROVINCE." IF THIS ESTIMATE IS, AS SEEMS REASONABLE , ACCEPTED THE
PYRAMIDELLID SPECIES CONSTITUTE ABOUT 8 PERCENT OF THE TOTAL FAUNA, A FIGURE

IN ACCORD WITH THE PRESENT SITUATION IN THE WESTERN GULF OF MEXICO,

THE MAIN PURPOSE OF THIS INVESTIGATICN WAS TO CREATE A BASIS OF COMPARISON BE=-
TWEEN THE RECENT MICROFAUNAL ELEMENTS OF THE GULF OF MEXICO AND THE LARGE
NUMBER OF NEW SPECIES DESCRIBED BY CORGAN IN HIS PH.D. THESIS. EXTENSIVE
MATERIAL IN THE CATEGORIES TREATED BY CORGAN, DREDGED IN OFFSHORE TEXAS
WATERS, IS PRESENT IN THE MUSEUM OF NATURAL SCIENCE IN HOUSTON,

IN PARTICULAR CORGAN HAS DESCRIBED 26 NEW SPECIES OF PYRAMIDELLIDS FROM A
MATERIAL OF ABOUT 280 SPECIMENS OF WHICH 17 SPECIES WERE BASED ON 22 SPECIMENS,
FOR THIS REASON ALONE IT WAS DEEMED WORTHWHILE TO PICK CAREFULLY THROUGH AN
ADDITIONAL VOLUME OF MATERIAL. NOW, WHILE IT IS NOT IMPOSSIBLE THAT A CONSID=
ERABLE PROPORTION OF THE MICROMOLLUSCAN FAUNA OF THE NORTHWESTERN GULF, =~
AND FOR THAT MATTER ANYWHERE ELSE IN TROPICAL SEAS —— IS AS YET UNDESCRIBED IT

PAGE 90

1S SOMEWHAT UNLIKELY THAT EVERY PYRAMIDELLID SPECIES OF A FAUNA, WHICH LIVED

IN THE U.S.A. ONLY ABOUT 20 ,O00 YEARS AGO IN AN ENVIRONMENT NOT SUBJECT TO LARGE
CHANGES, HAS ESCAPED RECOGNITION AND IT 1S EVEN MORE UNLIKELY THAT ALL THESE
SPECIES HAVE BECOME EXTINCT. IN FACT MANY OF CORGAN'S NEW SPECIES RESEMBLE
MATERIAL FROM THE NORTHWESTERN GULF OF MEXICO SO CLOSELY THAT THE HYPOTHESIS
SEEMS JUSTIFIED, EVEN IF BASED ON THE EVIDENCE ALONE PRESENTED BY THE FEW CATE-
GORIES TREATED BY CORGAN , THAT THE MUDLUMP MOLLUSK FAUNA IS IDENTICAL WITH

THE PRESENT FAUNA OF THE NORTHWESTERN GULF OF MEXICO. IT MIGHT BE ARGUED THAT
SOME OF THE DREDGE MATERIAL OBTAINED ALONG THE TEXAS COAST DERIVES PERHAPS
FROM OLD CLAYS EXPOSED AT THE SEABOTTOM BUT SUCH A VIEW MUST BE CONSIDERED
UNPROVEN.

OF COURSE IN AN INVESTIGATION OF A SURFACE COLLECTED SAMPLE THERE IS THE SER-
10US DIFFICULTY OF DISTINGUISHING BETWEEN MATERIAL PRESENTLY LIVING AT THE SUR-
FACE OR WASHED IN FROM NEARBY HABITATS AND MATERIAL BROUGHT UP IN THE CLAY OF
THE LUMP FROM ITS ORIGINAL DEPTH. IN A COLLECTING BAG MATERIAL FROM BOTH
SOURCES IS MIXED AND USUALLY LOOKS EQUALLY AGED. ONLY FOR A LIMITED NUMBER OF
SPECIES THE DISTINCTION COULD BE MADE EITHER BECAUSE LIVING MATERIAL OR RECENT—
LY DEAD SHELLS WERE TAKEN (DONAX , ANACHIS OSTREICOLA, TECTONATICA , MULINIA)
OR BECAUSE THE SPECIES JUST DOES NOT LIVE AT DEPTH (NERITINA RECLIVATA , CYRTO-
PLEURA COSTATA). HOWEVER IT IS SAFE TO ASSUME, AS OUR LIST WILL SHOW, THAT
THE BULK OF ALL SPECIES ENCOUNTERED ON THE MUDLUMP DRIFT, DERIVES FROM GREAT
DEPTH (300-400 FT.) BELOW PRESENT SEA BOTTOM.

FoR A NUMBER OF SPECIES IT REMAINS DIFFICULT TO SAY WHETHER THEY BELONG TO THE
MUDLUMP FAUNA OR NOT. IN OUR SAMPLE SEVERAL SPECIMENS OF EULIMASTOMA WEBERI
WERE PRESENT, ONE OF WHICH LOOKS QUITE FRESH AND COULD HAVE BEEN ALIVE WHEN
THE SAMPLE WAS TAKEN. THIS SPECIES WAS DISCUSSED AND FIGURED IN A PREVIOUS
ISSUE OF THE TEXAS CONCHOLOGIST (VOL. 9, (1)) AND ATTENTION WAS DRAWN TO THE
FACT THAT LIVING POPULATIONS SHOW GREAT VARIABILITY IN SHELL MORPHOLOGY. IT IS
A WIDESPREAD SHALLOW BAY DWELLER ALONG THE LOUISIANA AND EAST TEXAS COAST.

IN GALVESTON WEST BAY, FOR INSTANCE, IT OCCURS IN SPOTS IN COUNTLESS NUMBERS
ON SOFT MUD, RAISING DOUBT AS TO ITS PRESUMED ECTOPARASITIC MODE OF LIFE. IT
HAS NEVER BEEN DREDGED IN OFFSHORE TEXAS WATERS SO THAT THE OCCURENCE OF AN
ALMOST INDISTINGUISHABLY RELATED FORM AT A DEPTH RANGE OF 40-50 FATHOMS IS,

TO SAY THE LEAST, UNEXPECTED. IN HIS THESIS CORGAN HAS DESCRIBED SUCH A_ SPECIES
AND PLACED IT IN A NEW GENUS WHICH HAS A NOMINAL CONTENT OF TWO TAXA, ONE FROM
THE MUDLUMP CLAY AND THE OTHER FROM THE TOTALLY DIFFERENT ENVIRONMENT OF THE
COASTAL BAYS. THE FACT THAT OUR SAMPLE ALSO YIELDED APART FROM THE ABOVE MEN-
TIONED SPECIMENS OF E. WEBERI, A DEAD SHELL OF LITTORIDINOPS SP. AND ANOTHER OF
LITTORIDINA SPHINCTOSTOMA THE FIRST OF WHICH IS AN INHABITANT OF ALMOST FRESH
WATER AND THE SECOND OF WHICH LIVES IN SLIGHTLY BRACKISH TO SALT WATER OF THE
UPPER COASTAL BAYS, FURTHER WEIGHS THE SCALES AGAINST THE INTERPRETATION OF
CORGAN THAT THE MUDLUMPS CLAY CONTAINS AN EULIMASTOMA SPECIES RESEMBLING

E, WEBERI MORRISON. IT APPEARS MUCH MORE LIKELY THAT ONE DEALS HERE WITH
MATERIAL WASHED IN BY DISCHARGE OF THE MISSISSIPPI RIVER. UNFORTUNATELY
CORGAN HAS NOT EXPLICITLY STATED WHETHER HIS SINGLE SPECIMEN, COLLECTED ON

A MUDLUMP AT THE MOUTH OF THE PASS A L'OUTRE (DESIGNATED AS PAL=7) CAME

FROM CORE MATERIAL OR AS SEEMS MORE LIKELY WAS COLLECTED SURFICIALLY.

THE SAMPLE REPORTED BY CORGAN FROM THE SAME LOCATION AS OUR SAMPLE (S P-=I-B)

WAS OBTAINED FROM CORES TAKEN AT VARIOUS DEPTHS IN THE LUMP, IT IS INTERESTING
TO NOTE THAT NONE OF THE POSSIBLY DOUBTFUL SPECIES DID OCCUR IN THIS CORE MATER=

PAGE 91

IAL, WHEREAS OUR SURFICIALLY COLLECTED SAMPLE YIELDED A NUMBER OF WASHED IN
SPECIES... THE CORE MATERIAL FROM SP=-1-B CONTAINED ONLY THREE SPECIES OF PYRA-
MIDELLIDS. POSSIBLY THIS PROVES THAT FAUNAL INVESTIGATION BASED ON CORE MATER-
IAL NECESSARILY REMAIN VERY INCOMPLETE. THE GREATEST NUMBER OF SPECIES RE-
PORTED BY CORGAN CAME FROM TWO OTHER LOCATIONS, FOR WHICH IS NOT SPECIFICALLY
STATED HOW THE SAMPLES WERE OBTAINED. “IT 1S IN THESE, AS IN OUR SAMPLE , THAT
POSSIBLY RECENT MATERIAL IS INCLUDED. THIS UNCERTAINTY RAISES DOUBT WHETHER
NEW TAXA BASED ON A SINGLE OR A FEW SPECIMENS ARE, WHEN COLLECTED ON THE SUR=
FACE OF A MUDLUMP, REALLY DERIVED FROM THE MUDLUMP FAUNA OR ARE WASHED IN.
THE SETTLEMENT OF THIS QUESTION WAS A FURTHER INCENTIVE FOR THIS STUDY.

A DIFFICULTY IN REPORTING OUR FINDINGS IS THAT CORGAN'S NEW TAXA FOR THE ABOVE
MENTIONED CATEGORIES SO FAR HAVE REMAINED MANUSCRIPT NAMES EXCEPT FOR SOME
GENERAL STATEMENTS ABOUT PYRAMIDELLIDS., A DISCUSSION ABOUT THEIR VALIDITY
CANNOT BE GIVEN HERE BUT MUST AWAIT PUBLICATION OF THE NEW TAXA BY THE AUTHOR,
UNFORTUNATELY THE NOMENCLATURE OF THE PYRAMIDELLID FAUNA OF THE WESTERN
ATLANTIC IS IN SUCH A STATE OF CONFUSION THAT THE DESCRIPTION OF NEW SPECIES
FROM A SINGLE LOCALITY WILL, INSTEAD OF THROWING ANY NEW LIGHT ON THE MATTER,
RATHER CONTRIBUTE TO THE EXISTING CONFUSION. FOR THIS REASON WE HAVE CONFINED
OURSELVES TO ONLY MENTIONING FOR THE FEW SPECIES WHERE IT IS POSSIBLE THAT THEY
WERE DESCRIBED AS NEW BY CORGAN. IT SHOULD BE MADE CLEAR AT ONCE THAT THIS
DOES NOT NECESSARILY IMPLY THAT WE DISAGREE WITH CORGAN'S INTERPRETATION. IT
MERELY REFLECTS OUR OPINION THAT IT IS PREMATURE TO MAKE TAXONOMIC DECISIONS
BEFORE ALL AVAILABLE EVIDENCE OFFERED BY THE PRESENT FAUNA OF THE GULF HAS
BEEN CAREFULLY EXAMINED.

THE NUMBER OF SPECIES OF TURBONILLIDS IN THE MUDLUMP FAUNA IS RATHER LARGE,
PERHAPS AS MANY AS 20 AND THUS, IF ONE LUMPS THEM ALTOGETHER UNDER A SINGLE
GENERIC NAME , THE GENUS TURBONILLA, ORBY WHATEVER OTHER DESIGNATION ONE
WANTS TO LABEL THESE SHELLS, HAS AN ABNORMALLY HIGH SPECIFIC CONTENT. ONE
MAY STATE THIS FACT BY SAYING THAT TURBONILLA HAS AN ABNORMALLY HIGH CATE—
GORICAL RATIO. IN MY OPINION, HOWEVER, IT IS FAR MORE PROBABLY THAT THE
CLASSIFICATION OF THESE SHELLS IS AS YET POORLY UNDERSTOOD. IT IS SIGNIGICANT
THAT MANY GASTROPOD GROUPS OF HIGHLY ACICULAR MORPHOLOGY ARE OFTEN DIFFICULT
TO SEPARATE INTO SPECIES. (VIDE, EPITONIUM, CERITHIOPSIS, TRIPHORA, TEREBRA)
FOR A REASON PROBABLY RELATED TO THE RECOGNITION MECHANISM OF OUR MIND. SUCH
ACICULAR FORMS OFTEN APPE AR TO EXHIBIT CONSIDERABLE RANGES OF VARIATION OF
SEVERAL CHARACTERS SO THAT IT APPEARS THAT ONE DEALS WITH A COMPLEX OF SPECIES
WHICH MERGE INTO ONE ANOTHER. I BELIEVE THAT THESE VARIATIONS ARE DECEPTIVE
BECAUSE THE ACICULAR FORM OF THE SHELL ACCENTUATES EVERY INDIVIDUAL VARIATION,
IN THIS MANNER MINUTE AND NON-ESSENTIAL DIFFERENCES OVERRIDE THE CHARACTERISTICS
ON WHICH GENERIC AND SPECIFIC DISTINCTION SHOULD BE BASED, TO SPEAK IN SOME-
WHAT MORE PHYSICAL TERMS ONE COULD SAY THAT THE HIGHLY AMPLIFIED NOISE DROWNS
OUT THE MESSAGE WHICH WE WANT TO RECEIVE. ACCEPTING THIS ASSUMPTION IT BE-
COMES NECESSARY TO FIND OUT THE ESSENTIAL CHARACTERISTICS OR GROUPS OF CHARAC—
TERISTICS, A TENTATIVE START WAS MADE RECENTLY IN VOLUMES 8-9 OF THE TEXAS
CONCHOLOGIST. AN OBVIOUS SEPARATION FOR NORTHWEST GULF OF MEXICO MATERIAL ——
AND PRESUMABLY FOR MATERIAL FROM OTHER PARTS OF THE WORLD -— CAN BE BASED ON
PROTOCONCH AND INITIAL WHORL CHARACTERISTICS, TOGETHER WITH SOME CHARACTERIS—
TICS SUCH AS SCULPTURE , COLORING, ETC. THIS LEADS TO THE TWO "GENERA" TURBO-
NILLA AND PyrRGIscUuS. BOTH OF THESE "GENERA" ADMIT FURTHER DIFFERENTIATION
WHICH HOWEVER IT WOULD BE UNWISE TO BASE ON TEXAS MATERIAL ALONE. FOR THE
TEXAS BEACH MATERIAL THE TURBONILLA GROUP COULD BE DIVIDED INTO TWO (OR THREE
IF "TURBONILLA ELEGANS" ORB. IS TAKEN WITH IT) GROUPINGS, FOR WHICH WE USED

PAGE 92

WITHOUT TAXONOMIC JUSTIFICATION, THE TAXA CHEMNITZIA AND STRIOTURBONILLA,.
PyYRGISCUS WAS ONLY DIVIDED WITHOUT USING FURTHER GENERIC NAMES INTO A NUMBER
OF "COMPLEXES": INTERRUPTUS, RETICULATUS, TEXTILIS, CONRADI, FLAVOCINCTUS.,

ERC. THERE 1S NO DOUBT THAT AT LEAST SOME OF THEM DESERVE GENERIC RECOGNITION.

IT 1S QUITE SIGNIFICANT THAT THE MUDLUMP FAUNA OF TURBONILLIDS CAN BE EASILY
SEPARATED INTO THE SAME CATEGORIES AND SHOWS SUCH A SIMILARITY TO DREDGED
TURBONILLID MATERIAL FROM THE NORTHWEST GULF OF MEXICO, THAT THERE CAN BE
NO DOUBT THAT THIS FAUNA IS VERY CLOSE TO, IF NOT THE SAME, AS THE PRESENT ONE
IN THE NORTHWEST GULF OF MEXICO.

I CANNOT FOLLOW CORGAN IN HIS STATEMENT THAT NONE OF THE MUDLUMPS SPECIES
SHOWS ANY SIMILARITY WITH SPECIES DESCRIBED FROM THE RECENT FAUNAS OF THE
WESTERN ATLANTIC. SUCH TAXONOMIC PRONOUNCEMENTS MADE ON THE BASIS OF POOR
ILLUSTRATIONS AND OFTEN EVEN POORER DESCRIPTIONS, MANY OF WHICH WERE PREPARED
LONG BEFORE THE MORPHOLOGICAL RICHNESS AND THE DIFFICULTIES IN SPECIFIC DIS-—
TINCTION WERE APPRECIATED, CANNOT BE JUSTIFIED. TO SOLVE THE CLASSIFICATION
PROBLEMS OF THE TURBONILLIDS ONE MUST CRITICALLY COMPARE EXTENSIVE MATERIAL
SHOWING THE FULL RANGE OF VARIABILITY OF EACH ASSUMED SPECIES FROM MANY
LOCATIONS. A COMPARISON MERELY OF THE PRINTED RECORD IS TOTALLY INADEQUATE
BECAUSE THE PRINTED RECORD REFLECTS ONLY THE TOTAL CONFUSION IN THIS FIELD.

CONCERNING OUR MATERIAL OF THE MUDLUMP FAUNA IT MAY BE STATED THAT WE FOUND
ABOUT THE SAME NUMBER OF SPECIES AS CORGAN. HOWEVER WE WOULD CLASSIFY THEM
QUITE DIFFERENTLY. SEVERAL SPECIES WE OBTAINED, AND WHICH ARE TYPICAL OFF
TEXAS IN THE DEPTH RANGE OF THE MUDLUMP FAUNA, ARE NOT IN CORGAN'S MATERIAL
(E.G. PYRGISCUS? PILSBRYI_). SOME OF THE SPECIES WHICH CORGAN CLASSIFIED IN
WHAT I CALLED THE CHEMNITZIA~STRIOTURBONILLA GROUP, ARE IN MY OPINION DEFIN=
ITELY AKIN TO PYRGISCUS , (MOSTLY CONRADI-COMPLEX). FOUR SPECIES OF THE DEEP-
WATER GROUP, WHICH CORGAN LABELS SYRNOLA, SHOULD BE ALIGNED IN MY OPINION

WITH TURBONILLA INSTEAD AS IS CUSTOMARY BE PLACED WITH THE "TRUE" PYRAMIDELLIDS.

IF THESE CHANGES ARE MADE IT IS PROBABLE THAT THE ABNORMAL CATEGORICAL RATIOS
FOR THE PYRAMIDELLIDS WILL BE SUBSTANTIALLY REDUCED. FOR THE OTHER LARGE

GROUP OF PYRAMIDELLIDS, THE_ODOSTOMIA'S, MY CONCLUSIONS PARALLEL THOSE OF
CORGAN SOMEWHAT BETTER. SEVERAL OF THE SPECIES DESCRIBED AS NEW UNDOUBTED=—
LY ARE NEW AND SHOULD BE VALIDATED AS SOON AS POSSIBLE BY THE AUTHOR. 2 For
FURTHER DETAILS WE REFER TO OUR LIST.

THE ARRANGEMENT OF OUR LIST IS SELF EXPLANATORY. WE HAVE INDICATED THE DEPTH
RANGES OF ALL SPECIES IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE KNOWN TO US FOR MATERIAL OBTAINED
OFF THE TEXAS COAST. THE £XTREME RANGES ARE INDICATED AND THE MIDDLE NUMBER
INDICATES THE OPTIMAL DEPTH ACCORDING TO OUR DATA AT WHICH THE SPECIES LIVES.
UNLESS OTHERWISE STATED ALL ENTRIES HAVE BEEN COLLECTED IN THE NORTHWESTERN
GULF.

REF. 1. “MorGcAn, J. Pw, COLEMAN, J. M..-AND GAGLIANO, S. M. ; (1968).
MUDLUMPS, DIAPIRIC STRUCTURES IN MISSISSIPPI DELTA SEDIMENTS;
IN: DISPIRISM AND DIAPIRS, MEM. 8, Am. ASS. PETR. GEOL. ,

Pe. b45e

REF. 2. CoRGAN, J. X., (1967) , QUATERNARY MICROMOLLUSCAN FAUNA OF
THE MUDLUMPS PROVINCE, MISSISSIPPI RIVER DELTA. PH.D.
THESIS, Louis. ST. UNIV. , 300 P. , 14 PLATES.

PAGE 93

REF. 3.

P. 51-60.

SPECIES
NUCULA PROXIMA

NUCULANA ACUTA
NUCULANA CONCENTRICA
NUCULANA CARPENTERI
NUCULANA BIPENNIS
YOLDIA SOLENOIDES

ANADARA OVALIS
ANADARA BAUGHMANI

ARCOPSIS ADAMSI

MOoDIOLUS AMERICANUS

MyTILip
PTERIA COLYMBUS

ATRINA SP,
PECTEN RAVENELI

CHLAMYS BENEDICTI
Mita PAPYRACEUM
AEQUIPECTEN GLYPTUS
AEQUIPECTEN GIBBUS
CYCLOPECTEN NANUS

PLICATULA GIBBOSA

MUDLUMP FAUNA

COMMON

ABUNDANT

A FEW

A FEW

COMMON

COMMON

ONE VALVE
COMMON

COMMON

A FEW FRAGMS.

A FEW FRAGMS,
1 VALVE

FEW WORN FRAGMS.
SEVERAL VALVES

SEVERAL VALVES

SEVERAL FRAGMS.

1 FRAGM,

SEVERAL VALVES

COMMON

SEVERAL VALVES

PAGE 94

CorcAN, J. X. (1971), REVIEW oF PARODOSTOMIA, TELLODA,
GONIODOSTOMIA AND EULIMASTOMA,

NauTitus, Voc. 85, (2),

RANGE _ IN NW GULF
ABUNDANT IN NW GULF IN RANGE
O-60 FMS.

ABUNDANT IN NW GULF IN RANGE
24-70 FMS.

ABUNDANT IN NW GULF IN RANGE
0-40 FMS.

WIDESPREAD IN NW GULF IN RANGE
40-75 FMS.

WIDESPREAD IN NW GULF IN RANGE
4-75 FMS.

COMMON IN NW GULF IN RANGE
20-170 FMS,

PROBABLY FROM RECENT FAUNA
WIDESPREAD IN NW GULF IN RANGE
10-60 FMS. MANY SMALL JUVENILES
AND ONLY A FEW MATURE VALVES. THE
THE JUVENILES ARE PRACTICALLY
INDISTINGUISHABLE FROM JUVENILE A,
TRANSVERSA AND IT IS PROBABLE
THAT INSPECTION OF MUSEUM MATER=
IAL OF CENOZOIC ANADARA FROM THE
WESTERN ATLANTIC WILL PROVE THAT
THIS SPECIES SHOULD BE NAMED
DIFFERENTLY.

WIDESPREAD IN NW GULF IN RANGE
0-13 FMS.

WIDESPREAD IN NW GULF IN RANGE
O-110 FMS.

RARE IN NW GULF

WIDESPREAD IN NW GULF IN RANGE
6-40 FMS.

PROBABLY FROM RECENT FAUNA
COMMON IN NW GULF IN RANGE

6-40 FMS,

COMMON IN NW GULF IN RANGE

7-70 FMS.

COMMON IN NW GULF IN RANGE
13-75 FMS. .
UNCOMMON IN NW GULF IN RANGE
32-110 FMS,

ABUNDANT IN NW GULF IN RANGE
4-60 FMS,

ABUNDANT IN NW GULF IN RANGE
13-450 FMS.

WIDESPREAD IN NW GULF IN RANGE
6-43 FMS.

LIMA SP. A FEW FRAGMS. THIS SPECIES IS PROBABLY L. PEL-
LUCIDA OR A RELATED ONE. TWO
VERY SIMILAR ONES LIVE AT PRESENT

IN THE NW GULF.

LIMA LOCKLINI A SINGLE JUV. WIDESPREAD IN NW GULF IN RANGE
8-50 FMS.

LIMATULA SP, A FEW FRAGMS., UNCOMMON IN NW GULF IN RANGE
25-450 FMS.

ANOMIA SIMPLEX COMMON ABUNDANT IN NW GULF IN RANGE
O-75 FMS.

PODODESMUS RUDIS A FEW FRAGMS., COMMON IN NW GULF IN RANGE
O-37 FMS,

OSTREA EQUESTRIS A FEW VALVES DERIVED FROM PRESENT FAUNA —

O-70 FMS, , LIVING AT RATHER SHAL—
LOW DEPTHS.
CRASSOSTREA VIRGINICA A FEW VALVES DERIVED FROM PRESENT FAUNA —
O-43 FMS. , BUT LIVING ONLY IN BAYS,
CARDITA FLORIDANA ABUNDANT RARE IN NW GULF IN RANGE 4-30
FMS. APPARENTLY THIS SPECIES IS
DISAPPEARING FROM THE NW GULF.

VENERICARDIA ARMILLA COMMON ABUNDANT IN NW GULF IN RANGE
8-167 FMS,

EUCRASSATELLA SPECIOSA SEVERAL VALVES COMMON IN NW GULF IN RANGE
13-50 FMS.

CRASSINELLA LUNULATA ABUNDANT ABUNDANT IN NW GULF IN RANGE

4-50 FMS. IN DEEP WATER ONLY
SPECIMENS WHICH USED TO BE DESIG=
NATED AS C, GUADELOUPENSIS ARE
FOUND. HARRY HAS SYNONYMIZED
THESE WITH_C, LUNULATA.

CRASSINELLA MARTINICEN-

sis ABUNDANT ABUNDANT IN NW GULF IN RANGE
8-70 FMS.
ECHINOCHAMA ARCINELLA A FEW VALVES ABUNDANT IN NW GULF IN RANGE
| 4-43 FMS.
CHAMA CONGREGATA ABUNDANT ABUNDANT IN NW GULF IN RANGE
4-40 FMS.
| CHAMA MACEROPHYLLA A FEW VALVES RARE IN THE NW GULF
DIPLODONTA SP. A FEW VALVES ABUNDANT IN THE NW GULF IN RANGE
4-40 FMS. i
DIPLODONTA SEMIASPERA? A FRAGM. PROBABLY DERIVED FROM PRESENT

FAUNA BECAUSE SPECIES DOES NOT
OCCUR IN OFFSHORE WATERS. O-7 FMS.

THYASIRA? SP. A FEW FRAGMS.,. UNCOMMON IN NW GULF IN RANGE
7-70 FMS.
MYSELLA SP, A FEW VALVES COMMON IN NW GULF IN RANGE
12-40 FMS,
MYSELLA SP, ' A FEW VALVES UNCOMMON IN NW GULF
LASAEA(?) SP. A FEW VALVES COMMON IN NW GULF IN RANGE
8-70 FMS.
VESICOMYA PILULA COMMON ABUNDANT IN NW GULF IN RANGE
| 8-167 FMS.
) LAEVICARDIUM PICTUM SOME FRAGMS., ABUNDANT IN NW GULF IN RANGE
| 4-70 FMS.

PAGE 95

MICROCARDIUM TINCTUM MANY FRAGMS.

PAPYRIDEA SOLENIFORMIX?) MANY FRAGMS.

ANTIGONA STRIGILLINA COMMON

CHIONE CLENCHI ABUNDANT
CHIONE GRUS COMMON
GOULDIA CERINA ABUNDANT

PITAR CORDATA SEVERAL VALVES
PITAR SP. SEVERAL VALVES

PETRICOLA PHOLADIFORMIS SEVERAL FRESH

GRACILIS FRAGMS.
TELLINA SQUAMIFERA SEVERAL FRAGMS,
TELLINA AEQUISTRIATA SEVERAL VALVES
TELLINA VERSICOLOR 2 FRESH VALVES
MACOMA EXTENUATA MANY FRAGMS.
DONAX SP. COMMON, 1 LIVE
SEMELE BELLASTRIATA COMMON
ABRA AEQUALIS ONE VALVE
ABRA LIOICA ONE VALVE
MULINIA LATERALIS ABUNDANT , SEVERAL

ALIVE

LABIOSA PLICATELLA ONE FRAGMENT
SOLECURTUS CUMINGIANUS SEVERAL FRAGMS.
ROCELLARIA HIANS? SEVERAL VALVES
SAXICAVILLA SAGRINATA SEVERAL VALVES
HIATELLA ARCTICA COMMON
CORBULA BARATTIANA ABUNDANT

NOTOCORBULA OPERCULATA ABUNDANT

PAGE 96

COMMON IN NW GULF IN RANGE
20-167 FMS.

COMMON IN NW GULF IN RANGE
20-40 FMS.

COMMON IN NW GULF IN RANGE
13-50 FMS,

ABUNDANT IN NW GULF IN RANGE
4-50 FMS.

COMMON IN NW GULF IN RANGE
7-43 FMS,

ABUNDANT IN NW GULF IN RANGE
4-57 FMS.

COMMON IN NW GULF IN RANGE-
12-60 FMS,

UNCOMMON IN NW GULF IN RANGE
5-40 FMS.

DERIVED FROM RECENT FAUNA
O-5 FMS.

ABUNDANT IN NW GULF IN RANGE
9-110 FMS,

ABUNDANT IN NW GULF IN RANGE
4-50 FMS.

DERIVED FROM RECENT FAUNA
O-40 FMS.

ABUNDANT IN NW GULF IN RANGE
0-70 FMS,

DERIVED FROM RECENT FAUNA
0-25 FMS.

COMMON IN NW GULF IN RANGE
4-32 FMS.

DERIVED FROM RECENT FAUNA?
0-40 FMS,

RARE IN NW GULF IN RANGE
40-167 FMS.

DERIVED FROM RECENT FAUNA —
0-40 FMS. , BUT LIVING ONLY AT
SHALLOW DEPTHS.

DERIVED FROM RECENT FAUNA =
0-25 FMS.

UNCOMMON IN NW GULF IN RANGE
9-70 FMS,

PROBABLY DERIVED FROM DEEP WATER?
12-40 FMS.

RARE IN NW GULF IN RANGE
23-70 FMS.

COMMON IN NW GULF IN RANGE
13-40 FMS.

ABUNDANT IN NW GULF IN RANGE
0-75 FMS. REPORTED BY CORGAN
AS CARYOCORBULA CUBANIANA,
ABUNDANT IN NW GULF IN RANGE

O-70 FMS.
TO BE CONTINUED......