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LEOFRIC MISSAL

WARREN

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HENRY FKOWDE

OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS WAREHOUSE
7 PATERNOSTER ROW

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THE

LEOFRIC MISSAL

AS USED IX THE

CatiKDtai of ejcetet

DURING THE EPISCOPATE OF ITS FIRST BISHOP
A.D. I05O 1072

TOGETHER WITH SOME ACCOUNT OF

THE RED BOOK OF DERBY, THE MISSAL OF ROBERT OF JUMIEGES.

AND

A FEW OTHER EARLY MANUSCRIPT SERVICE BOOKS OF THE ENGLISH CHURCH

EDITED, WITH INTRODUCTION AND NOTES

BY

F. E. WARREN, B.D., F.S.A.

RECTOR OF FRENCIIAY, GLOUCESTERSHIRE,
AND LATE FELLOW OF ST. JOHN S COLLEGE, OXFORD

xfottr

AT THE CLARENDON PRESS
1883

[ All rights reserved \

Dignum judico qui ab Ecclesiastics Historise studiosis a capita ad calccm perlegatur.

WANLEY, Thesaurus, p. 82.

To the shame of this country, much of what belongs to our ancient ecclesiastical history has
been snatched from forgetfulness, and given to the world through the press, not by Englishmen nor
by English patronage, but by foreigners, such as those truly great and truly learned ecclesiastics,
Mabillon, Martene, Muratori, and the Bollandists. Let us, however, hope that a new and a brighter
day may dawn upon England; and while she learns to appreciate her own vast wealth in the
remains of her ancient literature, she will hearten forwards all those among her sons who are now
ready and wishful to toil upon the national stores, and bring to light these islands literary riches
which still lie hidden in manuscripts. ROCK, The Church of our Fathers, iii. i. 191.

PREFACE.

THE object of the publication of this volume is to render generally accessible
the text of the Liturgy of the Church of England during the Anglo-Saxon period.
The Liturgy of the Anglo-Norman period has been popularized by recent reprints
of the Sarum, York, and Hereford Missals. With the Leofric Missal before him,
a student will now be able to trace the alterations and modifications which gradually
took place in the text of the Canon and in the structure of Masses. The almost entire
absence of rubrics from the Leofric, in common with all early Sacramentaries, will
unfortunately prevent him from ascertaining how far the peculiar directions of the later
Uses as to the position and manual acts of the priest, the sequence of colours, and othnr
ritual details, are of mediaeval origin, or a perpetuation of earlier English usao- e .

> >

In the course of publication the Editor has become indebted to many known, and
to some unknown, friends, for much valuable assistance and information. His thanks
are especially due to the Delegates of the Clarendon Press for undertaking a publica
tion which would have been too costly for individual enterprise ; to the chief Librarians
and other members of the Library Staff in the University Libraries of Oxford and
Cambridge, the National Library at Paris, and the Public Library at Rouen, for much
courtesy and assistance ; to Henry Bradshaw, Esq., for help in deciphering faded pas
sages in early Missals belonging to Corpus Christi College, Cambridge, and freely
at the Editor s disposal through the Rev. S. S. Lewis ; to Professor Westwood for
advice and help in reproducing some of the faded designs in the Kalendar; to }. B.
Davidson, Esq. and the Rev. C. W. Boase, for help in the identification of Obits, and
of Anglo-Saxon names of places and persons ; to E. Bishop, Esq., for help in tracing the
history of a lost Leofric Missal; to the Rev. W. C. Bishop, jun., for aid in attempting
to discover an ancient Missal of the Church of England, stated to have been a*t
Cologne in the sixteenth century; to Falconer Maclan, Esq., Miss Wyndham, and others,
for much general assistance in correcting proof sheets, verifying references, etc.

ORDO RERUM QU/E IN HOC MISSALI
CONTINENTUR.

Pae xix

C ... Colophon ... ... . .

C ... Manumissiones ......... ......

<" ...

C ... De episcoponim institutione, et cle Leofrico, episcopo Cridionensi, deinde Exoniensi ... i 2 a.

< ... Legitimum ieiunium. Missa in For. iv. . . ... ... ... ... ... ... 3 4 a.

,, ,, ,, l cr. vi. ... ... ... ... . . 3 ... 4 a.

C ... Sabbato in xii. lectionibus .. ... ... .. ... ... ... ;, ... 4 b.

C ... Reliquiarum nomina in monasterio Exoniensi 3 ... 6 a.

... Missa de S. Michahele. .. 5 . . 7 b.

... Collecta. Manumissiones ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 5 ... 8 a.

r ... Manumissiones ... ... ... ... ... ... . . ... ... . . 6 ... 8 b.

< ... K enedictio tintinnabuli. Xomina uiuoram et defunctorum ... 6 ... 9 a.

A. ... Benedictiones uarice ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 6 ... 9 b.

C ... Pacttim inter abbatissam et abbatcin ... ... ... ... ... ... S . . lib.

< , ... Apologire saccrdotis ... ... ... . . ... ... ... ... S ... i 2 a.

A ... Orationes ... ... ... ... ... ... ... . ... ... ... 8 ... 13 a.

C ... Benedictio pro rege ... ... ... ... ... ... ... . . ... ... 8 ... i^b.

C ... Benedictio super regem in tempore synodi . . ... . . ... 9 ... 14 a.

A ... Freces oblationis ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... .. 9 ... 140.

C ... Benedictio super unum bominem ... ... ... ... .. Q ... IK b.

C ... Benedictio pro itcr agcntibus ... ... 9 ... i6a,

A ... Preces ... ... ... ... .. . ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 10 ... i6b.

C ... Missa ad pluuiam postulandam ... ... ... ... ... 10 ... 17 a.

C ... Missa pro his qui temptationibus fatigantur aut luxuria seculari ... ... 10 ... iSn..

C ... Missa generalis uiuorum et mortuorum ... ... ... ... ... . ... n ... 20 a.

C ... Missa pro cpiscopo ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 12 ... 21 b.

C ... Missa pro poenitentibus ... ... ... ... 13 ... -23 a.

C ... Missa pro familiaribus ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 14 ... 24 b.

C ... Missa pro quacunque tribulatione ... ... ... ... ... ... -.. 14 ... 2-6:;.

C ... Missa pro pace ... ... ... ... ... ... ... .. 15 ... 27 a

C ... Missa pro iter agenti bus ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 16 ... zSb.

C ... VIII. Id. Dec. Natale S. Nicolai episcopi ... ... ... 17 ... 30 a.

C ... Missa pro inimicis ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 17 ... 30 b.

C ... Missa pro fideli am ico ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 17 ... 3 a.

C ... In anniuersarium ecclesirc missa ... ... ... ... ... . . ... ... 18 ... 33 a.

C ... In anniuersario festo ecclesirc, bencdictio ... ... .. 19 ... 33 b.

C ... Missa primo mane in festiuitate S. lohannis [Baptiste] ... ... ... ... ... 19 ... 34 a.

C ... Missa pro his qui ecclesice Dei pnesunt ... ... ... ... 19 ... 34b.

C ... Missa pro pace ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 19 ... 34 b.

C ... Missa pro rege in tempore synodi dicenda ... 19 ... 35 a.

C ... Missa propria pro episcopo ... ... ... ... ... ... 20 ... 35 b.

C ... Missa [B. Egidii abbatis] ........................... 20 ... 36 b.

C ... Missa pro regina ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 20 ... 37 a.

C ... Missa in ecclesia ctiiuslibet martyris uel confessoris... ... ... ... 20 37 b.

Vlll

mum qua? m f)0c mfssalt continental:.

B

Argumentum de bissexto

21

Fol. 38 a.

B ...

Computus de singulis mensibus; de regularibus, concurrentibus, epactis ..

22

38 b.

B ..

Kalendarium

23

39 a -

B ...

B ...

Bedre ephemeris...
Ephemeris. Ratio septizodii ...

35
36

45 a.

45 b.
46 a.

B

Regulares lunares

B ...

Eigura ad feriam cuiusque dici inueniendam...

38

46!).

B ...

De regularibus terminis paschce

39

47 a.

B ..

Bedce ephemeris

40

47 h -

B ..,
B ..

. Ephemeris. De signis zodiac!
/Etas lunrc a kalendis lanuariis inuenienda. Dinumeratio trigenaria sequalis quadrature

4 1
42

... 48 b.

B ..,

Imago manus humance ...

43

... 49 a.

B ..

. Imago nitre

44

... 49 b -

B

Imago mortis

45

5 a.

B ..

Circuli paschales

46

50 b.

B ..

Argumcntum descriptionis terminorum deccnnoualis cycli ..

47

B .

De terminis luna:

48-9

510.

B ..

Circulus quinquagesimus secundus, et quinquagesimus tertius, secundum Dionysium

5

... 53 a.

B ..

De octo tramitibus circuli decennoualis

51

53 b.

B ..

De nominibus septcm clierum ebdomadis

51

53 b.

B ..

De regularibus vii clierum metrice compositis

5 1

... 53 b.

B ..

De regularibus lunrc super kalendas ...

5 J

53 b.

B ..

De concorclia mensium metrice dictum

5 2

54 a.

B ..

Versus de singulis mensibus ...

54 a.

B ..

Arnimentum qualiter Aduentum Domini cclcbrare debes ..

52

... 54 b.

B ..

Argumcntum ad tcrminum inueniendum xiiiie luna: paschcc

5 2

... 54 b -

B ..

De concurrentibus

52

54 b -

Z

H4. b.

B ..

De epactis

B ..

. Mutatio concurrentium, ct epactrc, et cyclus...

53

54 b -

B ..

De annis

53

55 a-

B ..

De ieiuniis

53

... 55 a.

B ..

. De celebratione paschse

53

... 55 a.

B ..

. De initio lunoe quadragesimse ...

54

55 b.

B ..

De luna bona uel mala [ad sanguinem minuendum] . . .

r \

=;6 a.

B ..

Aro-nmcntum ad inueniendum in quota hora luna accendatur

54

56 a.

B ..

. Argumcntum quot horas luna luceat ...

55

... 56 b.

B ..

Quot sint ebdomadcc diesque a Natiuitate Domini, usque ad initium Quadragesimse

56

... 57 a.

B .,

. De relate luncc, et decursu maris

57

... 57 b -

B .

Ilorologium

58

... 58 a.

C .

,. Orationes dum induitur sacerdos

59

... 58 b.

C .

Prefatio in XL ...

59

... 58 b.

C .

.. Octabas S. Anclrere Apost. ...

59

... 59 a-

C .

.. Epistola Adeke ad L

59

... 59 a -

C .

Prefatio commv.nis

59

59 b -

C .

Epistola Pelagii Papre...

59

... 59 b -

A .

.. CANON MISS.K ...

60

60 a.

A .

IX. Kal. Ian. Vigilia Natiuitatis Christi. De hora nona

62

... 65 a.

A .

j, ,, I n nocte

63

66 a.

A .

,, ,, ,, Primo mane ...

63

... 66b.

A

.. VIII. Kal. Ian. Natiuitatis Christi ...

64

... 67!).

A .

Dominica i. post Natale Domini

65

69 a.

A .

.. Kal. Ian. Octauis Domini ...

66

... 6 9 b.

A .

.. Dominica ii. post Natale Domini ...

66

70 b.

A .

.. Non. Ian. Vigilia Epiphaniae

66

7o b.

A

... VIII. Id. Ian. Epiphania Domini ...

67

71 a.

A

[Id. Ian.] In Octauis Theophanice ...

68

72b.

A

Dominica i. post Epiphaniam Domini

68

... 73 a-

A

Dominica ii. post Epiphaniam Domini

68

... 73b.

A ,

,,. Dominica iii. post Epiphaniam Domini

69

... 73 b.

A

,.. Dominica iv. post Epiphaniam Domini

69

... 74 b -

mum qiix in ])oc mfssalt contmtntur.

IX

A ...

Dominica v. post Epiphaniam Domini

Page 69

Fol. 75 a.

A ...

Dominica vi. post Epiphaniam [Domini]

70

... 75 b.

A ...

In uigiliis festiuitatum S. Maria:

70

... 76 a.

A ...

IV. Non. Feb. Purificatio S. Maria-

7=>

76 a.

A ...

VIII. Kal. Apr. Annunciatio S. Maria-

71

... 77 a.

A ...

Dominica in Septuagesima

72

78 a.

A ...

Dominica in Sexagesima

72

... 78 b.

A ...

Dominica in Quinquagesima ...

73

79a.

A ...

Feria iv. Caput ieiunii. Ordo agcntibus publicam pceniteiuiam

73

79 b.

A ...

Feria iv. [Missa.]

74

81 a.

A ...

Feria v. ...

74

... 8ib.

A ...

Feria vi

74

82 a.

A ...

Sabbato...

75

82 b.

A ...

Dominica. Initium Quadragesima; ...

75

... 82b.

A ...

Fcria ii. ...

76

83 b.

A ...

Feria iii

7*

84 b.

A ...

Feria iv.

77

85 a.

A ...

Feria v. ...

77

... 8 5 b.

A ...

Feria vi.

77

86 a.

A ...

Sabbato in xii. Lectionibus

... 78

86b.

A . .

Dominica uacat.

79

873.

A ...

Feria ii. ...

79

... 8;b.

A ...

Feria iii

So

... 8Sa.

A ...

Feria iv

80

... 88b.

A ...

Feria v. . . .

80

89 a.

A ...

Feria vi

81

... 8 9 b.

A ...

Sabbato ...

81

9oa.

A ...

Dominica iii.

81

90 b.

A ...

Feria ii. ...

82

91 a.

A ...

Feria iii....

82

91 b.

A ...

Feria iv

83

92 a.

A ...

Feria v. ...

83

92b.

A ...

Feria vi

84

... 93 a.

A ...

Sabbato ...

84

93b.

A ...

Dominica iv. .....

84

94 a.

A ...

Feria ii.

85

95 a.

A ...

Feria iii

85

... 95 b.

A ...

Feria iv. ...

86

96a.

A ...

Feria v. ...

86

... 96b.

A ...

Feria vi

87

... 97 a.

A ...

Sabbato ...

... 87

97b.

A ...

Dominica v. De Passione Domini

87

9Sa.

A ...

Feria ii. ...

88

99 a.

A ...

Feria iii....

88

99 b.

A ...

Feria iv

89

looa.

A ...

Feria v. ...

89

100 a.

A ...

Feria vi. ...

... 89

loob.

A ...

Sabbato ......

9

101 a.

A ...

Dominica in Palmis. Benedictio palmarum siue florum ...

9

101 b.

A ...

Feria ii. .......

9 1

... 103 a.

A ...

Feria iii

... 91

... 103 b.

A ...

Feria iv

... 92

104 a.

A ...

Feria v. Coena Domini [reconciliatio pcenitentium]

92

104 b.

A ...

Benedictio .......

93

... 105 b.

A ...

,, Static ad missam

93

... io6a.

A ...

Feria vi. Ordo Passionis Domini

94

... 107 b.

A ...

Sabbato sancto. Benedictio cerei

96

noa.

A ...

;> xii. Lectiones

97

1123.

A ...

,, ,, Ad Missam... ...

... 98

... H4b.

A ...

Dominica sancta. [Paschac.] ...

99

... H5b.

x rtro mum qttet in !)oc mfesalf contmentur.

A ... Feria ii, in albis Page 100 Fol. ii6b.

A ... Feria iii IO1 "7 b .

A ... Feria iv ICI Il8a -

A ... Feria v i2 ... "8b.

A ... Feria vi - IO2 IJ 9 b .

A ... Sabbato Io2 I2Oa -

A ... Dominica. Octauis Paschce ... ... ... ... IO 3 I2Ob.

A ... Alice Orationes Paschales IO 3 121 b.

A ... Missa in Pascha annotina ... ... ... ... ... ... ... IO 5 I2 3b-

A ... Dominica i. post octauas Paschce ... ... ... ... ... IO 5 124 a.

A ... Dominica ii. ,, ,, ... ... ... ... 1O 5 1240.

A ... Dominica iii. ,, ... ... ... ... IQ 6 124 b.

A ... Dominica iv. ,, ,, IQ 6 I2 5 D -

A ... Letaniamaior IO 7 12<5a .

A ... Feria iii IO 7 ... I2 7 a -

A ... Feria iv. Vigilia Ascensionis Domini ... ... ... ... ... 108 ... I27b.

A ... Ascensa Domini ... ... ... ... ... JO 9 128 a.

A ... Dominica post Ascensam Domini ... ... ... ... 109 1 29 a.

A ... Sabbato Pentecostes. vi. Lectiones ... ... ... ... no ... i29b.

A ... Ad Missam no ... i3ob.

A ... Dominica Pentecosten ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ni ... I3 j b.

A ... Feria ii " 2 132 b.

A ... Feria iii 112 ... 132 b.

A ... Feria iiii 113 ... 133 b.

A ... Feria v. ... ... ... ... ... ... IJ 3 ... I33b.

A ... Feriavi 113 ... I34a.

A ... Sabbato in xii. Lectionibus ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 114 134 b.

A ... Dominica octauis Pentecostes ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... IJ 4 ... i34b-

A ... Dominica ii. post Pentecosten ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 115 J 36a.

A ... Dominica iii. post Fentecosten ... ... ... ... ... ... 115 I 36b.

A ... Dominica iiii. post Pentecosten ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 116 ... I37 a -

A ... Dominica v. post Pentecosten ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... n6 ... I37b.

A ... Dominica vi. post Pentecosten ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... n6 ... 138 a.

A ... Dominica vii. post Pentecosten ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 117 iS^b.

A ... Dominica viii. post Pentecosten ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 117 J 39a.

A ... Dominica viiii. post Pentecosten ... ... ... ... ... ... ... n8 ... 139 b.

A ... Dominica x. post Pentecosten ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... n8 ... 140 a.

A ... Dominica xi. post Pentecosten ... ... ... ... ... 119 ... I4ob.

A ... Dominica xii. post Pentecosten ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 119 ... 141 a.

A ... Dominica xiii. post Pentecosten ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 119 ... 141 b.

A ... Dominica xiiii. post Pentecosten ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 120 ... 142 a.

A ... Dominica xv. post Pentecosten ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 120 ... I42b.

A ... Dominica xvi. post Pentecosten ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 121 ... 143 a.

A ... Dominica xvii. post Pentecosten ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 121 ... 143 b.

A ... Dominica xviii. [post Pentecosten]... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 121 ... 144 a.

A ... Mensis septimi. Feria iiii. ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 122 ... 144 b.

A ... Feriavi. ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 122 ... 145 a.

A ... Sabbato in xii. Lectionibus ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 123 ... 145 a.

A ... Dominica xviiii. post Pentecosten ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 123 ... 146 a.

A ... Dominica xx. post Pentecosten ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 124 ... 1461^.

A ... Dominica xxi. post Pentecosten ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 124 ... 147 a.

A ... Dominica xxii. post Pentecosten ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 124 ... 147 a.

A ... Dominica xxiii. post Pentecosten ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 125 ... I47b-

A ... Dominica xxiiii. post Pentecosten ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 125 ... 148 a.

A ... Dominica xxv. post Pentecosten ... . . ... ... ... ... ... ... 126 ... i48b.

A ... Dominica xxvi. post Pentecosten ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 126 ... 1493.

A ... Dominica xxvii. post Pentecosten ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 126 ... 149 a.

A ... Ebdomada iiii. ante Natale Domini ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 126 ... 149^

A ... Ebdomada iii. ante Natale Domini... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 127

A ... Ebdomada ii. ante Natale Domini ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 127

mum quae m fioc mfssnlf contfnentur. xi

A .

Mcnsis clecimi, Feria iiii.

Page 128

Fol. 151 a.

A .

Feria vi.

128

151 b.

A .

Sabbato in xii. lectionibus ...

128

152 a.

A

Dominica uacat

129

153 a.

A ..

Alia: orationes de Acluentu Domini

130

154 a.

C

Consecratio thimiamatis

130

I54b.

c ..

Benedictio ampullae siue ampullarum

1 3 r

156 b.

C ..

Benedictio anuli

131

i57a.

c ..

. Benedictio baculi

... 131

X 57a.

c ..

Benedictio thuribuli .

!3i

157 a

c ..

Bcnedictio ad generalem cultum ecclesioc ...

131

157 b.

[PROPRIUM DE SANCTIS.]

A ..

VII. Kal. Ian. S. Stephani.

131

158 a.

A ..

VI. Kal. Ian. S. lohannis, Apost. et Euang.

132

1 59 a.

A ..

. V. Kal. Ian. SS. Innoccntium

... 133

160 a.

A ..

II. Kal. Ian. S. Siluestri, Papa; ...

134

i6ib.

A ..

. XVIII. Kal. Feb. S. Fclicis in Pincis ...

I7 >4

161 a.

A ..

. XVI[I]. Kal. Feb. S. Marcelli, Papa ...

J 34

i6ib.

A ..

. XV. Kal. Feb. S. Prises;, Mart....

134

162 a.

A ..

. XIIII. Kal. Feb. SS. Maria: et Martha ....

T 35

162 a.

A ..

. XIII. Kal. Feb. S. Fabiani, Mart.

135

l62b.

A ..

,, ,, S. Sebastiani

135

i6 2 b.

A ...

. XII. Kal. Feb. S. Agna, Mart

135

163 a.

A ..

. XI. Kal. Feb. S. Vincentii, Mart.

136 .

163 b.

A ...

. X. Kal. Feb. SS. Emerentiani et Macharii, Mart.

136

1 64 a.

A ..

. VIII. Kal. Feb. Conuersio S. Pauli, Apost.

J36 .

164!).

A ...

, V. Kal. Feb. S. Agna, secundo ...

. 137

165 a.

A ...

Non. Feb. S. Agatha, Mart

137 .

1653.

A ..

. XVI. Kal. Mar. S. Valentin!, Mart

... 137 -

.. 165 b.

A ..,

XIII. Kal. Mar, S. luliana, Mart

138 .

1 66 a.

A ...

VIII. Kal. Mar. Cathedra S. Petri, Apost.

138 .

i66a.

A ...

VI. Kal. Mar. S. Matthia, Apost.

138 .

167 a.

A ...

IV. Id. Mar. S. Gregorii, Papa;

... 139

1673.

A ...

XII. Kal. Apr. Depositio S. Benedict!, Abbatis .. . . .

!39

i67b.

A ...

XVIII. Kal. Mai. SS. Tyburtii, Valeriani, et Maximi

140

i68a.

A ...

VIII. Kal. Mai. S. Georgii, Mart

1 40

:6Sb.

A ...

IIII. Kal. Mai. S. Vitalis, Mart

1 40

1 69 a.

A ...

Kal. Mai. SS. Philippi et lacobi, Apost.

140

169 a.

A ...

V. Non. Mai. SS. Alexandri, Euenti, Theodoli, [Mart.]

141

i69b.

A ...

Eodem die. Inuentio Sancta Crucis

141 ..

1703.

A ...

II. Non. Mai. S. lohannis, Apost. et Euang.

142

1 70 b.

A ...

VI. Id. Mai. SS. Gordiani et Epimachi, [Mart.]

142

171 a.

A ...

IIII. Id. Mai. SS. Nerei, et Achillei, et Pancratii. Mart.

... 143 ..

171 a.

A ...

XV. Kal. lun. S. Marci, Euang. ...

143

I7ib.

A ...

[III. Id. Mai]. In Dedicatione S. Maria; ad Martyres ..

143 .-

172 a.

A ...

VIII. Kal. lun. S. Vrbani, Papa

143 ..

172 a.

A ...

Kal. lun. S. Nicomedis, Mart

143 ..

I72b.

A ...

IIII. Non. lun. SS. Marcellini et Petri, Mart. ...

144

. 172 b.

A ...

V. Id. lun. SS. Primi et Feliciani, Mart.

144

1 73 a.

A ...

II. Id. lun. SS. Basilidis, Cyrini, Naboris, et Nazarii, Mart.

144 ..

A ...

XVII. Kal. lul. S. Viti pueri, Mart.

... 144 ..

i73b.

A ...

XIIII. Kal. lul. SS. Marci et Marcelliani, Mart.

145

I 74 a.

A ...

XIII. Kal. lul. SS. Gcruasii et Protasii, Mart.

... 145 ...

1 74 a.

A ...

VIIII. Kal. lul. Vioilia S. lohannis Baptista ..

145 ...

i7 4 b.

A ...

VIII. Kal. lul. Natiuitas S. lohannis Baptista

146

175 a.

A ...

VI. Kal. lul. SS. lohannis et Pauli, Mart.

147 ...

1 76 b.

A ...

IIII. Kal. lul. S. Leonis, Papa

147 ...

I77a.

A ...

Eodem die. Vigilia SS. Petri et Pauli, Apost.

147

1 77 a.

A ...

III. Kal. lul. S Petri, Apost. ...

148

i77b.

b 2

mum qm in f)oc mtssalt contfamtur.

A ...

II. Kal. lul. S. Pauli, Apost.

Page 148

Fol. i78b.

A ...

VI. Non. lul. SS. Processi et Martiniani, Mart. ..

149

i79 a -

A ...

[Trid. Xon. Tul.] Octauis Apostolorum ...

149

... 179 a.

A ...

VI. Id. lul. SS. VII. Fratrum ...

149

... i79l>-

A ...

V. Id. lul. Translatio S. Benedict*, Abbatis

149

iSoa.

A ...

VIII. Kal. Aug. S. lacobi, Apost.

... 150

iSoa.

A ...

IIII. Kal. Aug. SS. Simplicii, Faustini, Beatricis, Felicis, -Mart.

150

iSob.

A ...

III. Kal. Aug. SS. Abel on et Senncs, Mart.

150

181 a.

A ..,

Kal. Aug. S. Petri ad Vincula

151

iSia.

A ..

Eodem die. Passio SS. Machabeorum

... 151

iSib.

A ...

IIII. Non. Aug. S. Stephani, Pout.

151

182 a.

A ...

VIII. Id. Aug. S. Svxti, Episc. ...

... 151

182 a.

A ...

Benedictio IHKV

... IS 2

l82b.

A ...

, Eodem die. SS. Felicissimi et Agapiti, Mart. ...

152

182 b.

A ..

VII. Id. Aug. S. Donati, Episc. et Conf.

1^2

183 a.

A ..

VI. Id. Aug. S. Cyriaci, Mart. ...

I5 2

183 a.

A ..

V. Id. Aug. Vigilia S. Laurcntii, Mart. ...

153

... 183!).

A ..

IIII. Id. Aug. Passio S. Laurcntii, Mart.

153

184 a.

A ..

III. Id. Aug. S. Tyburtii, Mart

... 154

184!).

A ..

Id. Aug. S. Ypoliti, Mart

154

... 185 a.

A ..

XVIIII. Kal. Sep. S. Eusebii, Conf.

154

... 185 b.

A ..

Eodem die. Vigilia Assumption!* S. Marice

154

... 185 b.

A ..

XVIII. Kal. Sep. Assumptio S. Maria. ...

155

1 86 a.

A ..

XVI. Kal. Sep. Octauis S. Laurentii

... 155

187 a.

A ..

XV. Kal. Sep. S. Agapiti, Mart

... I 5 6

1 87 a.

A ..

XI Kal. Sep. S. Timothei, Mart

. -. 156

i87b.

A ..

VIII. Kal. Sep. S. Bartholormei, Apost. ...

... 156

i87b.

A ..

V. Kal. Sep. S. Hermetis, Apost....

... 157

iS8a.

A ..

IIII. Kal. .Sep. Dccollatio S. lohannis Baptistre

... 157

... i88b.

A ..

Eodem die. S. Sabinre, Mart.

157

189 a.

A ..

III. Kal. Sep. SS. Felicis et Adaucti, Mart.

... 158

i8 9 b.

A ..

VI. Id. Sep. Natiuitas S. Maria:

... 158

189 b.

A ..

. V. Id. Sep. S. Gorgonii, Mart.

158

igoa.

A ..

III. Id Sep. SS. Proti et lacincti, Mart

... 159

1 90 a.

A .,

,. XVIII. Kal. Oct. Exaltatio Sanctrc Crucis

... 159

190 b.

A .

Eodem die. SS. Cornelii et Cypriani, Mart.

159

190 b.

A .

.. XVII. Kal. Oct. S. Nicomedis, Mart

I 60

190!^.

A .,

. XVI. Kal. Oct. S. Eufemire, Mart.

I 60

192 a.

A .

Eodem die. SS. Lucirc et Geminiani, Mart.

I 60

192 a.

A .

.. XII. Kal. Oct. Vigilia S. Mathei, Apost

1 60

I92b.

A .

. . XI. Kal. Oct. S. Mathei, Apost. et Euang.

161

192 b.

A .

X. Kal. Oct. SS. Mauricii, Exupcrii, Candidi, Victoris, Innocentii, Mart.

161

J93 a -

A .

. V. Kal. Oct. SS. Cosmrc et Damiani, Mart

. 161

... 193 b.

A .

III. Kal. Oct. Dedicatio Basilicre S. Michahelis Archangeli

... 162

i94 a -

A .

. II. Kal. Oct. S. Hieromini, Presb. et Conf.

162

194 b.

A .

Non. Oct. S. Marci, Paprc

... 163

i95 a -

A .

.. VII. Id. Oct. SS. Dyonisii, Rustici, et Eleutherii, Mart.

163

1953.

A .

.. 71. Id. Oct. S. Calyxti, Paprc et Mart

163

i95b.

A .

. XV. Kal. Nou. S. Lucse, Euang. ...

... 163

1 96 a.

A .

VI. Kal. Nou. Vigilia SS. Simonis et ludse, Apost.

164

I96b.

A .

V. Kal. Nou. SS. Symonis et lucloc, Apost.

164

197 a.

A .

. II. Kal. Nou. Vigilia Omnium Sanctorum

165

... I97b.

A .

Kal. Nou. Sollemnitas Omnium Sanctorum

165

198 a.

A .

Eodem die. S. Csesarii, Mart.

165

1983.

A .

VI. Id. Nou. SS. Quattuor Coronatorum

1 66

I98b.

A .

V. Id. Nou. S. Theodori, Mart

1 66

19 a.

A .

III. Id. Nou. S. Martini, Ep. et Conf.

166

... iggb.

A .

Eodem die. S. Mennre, Mart.

167

200 a.

A .

.. X. Kal. Dec. S. Cecilue, Virg

... 167

200 a.

A ,

,.. VIIII. Kal. Dec. S. dementis, Mart

167

201 a.

(JDrtro rtrum qua in ijoc mt ssnlf contfncntur.

A ... Kodem die. S. Fclicitatis, Mart Page 167 Fol. 201 a.

A ... VIII. Kal. Dec. S. Chrissogoni, Mart ... i r > 8 2O1 b -

A ... III. Kal. Dec. S. Saturnini, Mart. i 68 - ol h -

A ... Eodem die. Vigilia S. Andrea-, Apost 168 202 a.

A ... II. Kal. Dec. S. Andrea;, Apost 169

A ... Id. Dec. S. Luciuj, Virg ... ir >9 2O 3 a -

A ... XII. Kal. Ian. S. Thomcc, Apost. 169 203 b.

[COMMUNE SANCTORUM.]

A ... Vigilia sine natali unius Apostoli ... ... ... ... ... 1 7

A ... Natali plurimorum Apostolorum ... ... ... ... ... ... J 7 2040.

A ... Vigiliis Sanctorum Martirum ... ... ... ... ... ... 1 7 I 205 a.

A ... Natali unius Martyris I 7 l 205!)

A ... Natali plurimorum Martyrum ... ... ... ... ... ... 1 7 2 206 a.

A ... Vigiliis Sanctorum Confessorum ... ... ... ... ... ... ... I 7 2 2o6b.

A ... Natali unius Confessoris ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... !7 2 207 a.

A ... Natali plurimorum Confessorum ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... *73 208 a.

A ... Natali Virginum et Martyrum !73 208 b.

A ... Natali plurimorum Sanctorum commnniter ... ... ... ... ... ... i?4 209 b.

C ... [Missa in tribulatione] i/5 2Iob -

C ... [Apologia; Sacerdotis] ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... J 75 211 a.

[MISS^E VOTIV/E.]

A ... Missa cle Sancta Trinitate 1 7$ 2I2a -

A ... Missa dc Sancta Sapientia I? 6 2I2b -

A ... Missa de Sancta Caritate ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... J 7^ ... 21 3 a.

A ... Missa de eordis cmundatione per Spiritum Sanctum postulanda ... ... ... J 77 2I 3 b -

A ... Missa ad angelorum suffragia postulanda ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 177 214 a.

A ... Missa in honore Sanctse Crucis ... ... ... ... ... ... ... *?8 i4b.

A ... Missa in honorem Sanctse Mariae ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... r /8 2I 5 a -

A ... Missa in ecclcsia quorum reliquiae ibidem continentur ... ... ... ... ... 178 -- 2I 5 b -

A ... Missa cotidiana in honore Omnium Sanctorum ... ... ... ... ... ... J 79 2l6a.

A ... Missa ad suffragia Sanctorum postulanda,.. ... ... ... ... ... ... *79 2i6a.

A ... Missa pro regibus ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... J 79 2IOD.

A ... Missa cotidiana pro rege ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... I 79 217 a.

A ... Missa pro rcge dicenda tempore synodi ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 180 21 7 b.

A ... Missa specialis sacerdotis ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 180 ai8b.

A ... Item alia lSl 2I 9 b -

A ... Item alia 181 ... 220 b.

A ... Missa contra temptationem carnis ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 182 ... 221 b.

A ... Missa pro abbate et congregatione... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 182 222 a.

A ... Missa pro iter agentibus ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 182 -- 222 a.

A ... Missa pro nauigantibus fidelibus ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 183 ... 222b.

A ... Missa pro pace ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... J ^3 2233.

A ... Missa pro peccatis ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... l $3 22 3 a -

A ... Missa de quacumque tribulatione ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 183 223 b.

A ... Item alia 184 223b.

A ... Missa contra obloquentes ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 184 224b.

A ... Missa in contentione ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ^4 2240.

A ... Missa contra indices male agentes ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 184 ... 225 a.

A ... Missa tempore belli... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... J 85 225 a.

A ... Item alia 185 ... 225}).

A ... Item alia 185 ... 226a.

A ... Missa contra paganos ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 185 ... 2 26 a.

A ... Missa pro petitione lacrimarum ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 186 ... 227 a.

A ... Missa monachorum propria ... ... ... ... ... ... ... J 86 ... 227b.

A ... Missa in tempore, quod absit, mortalitatis ... ... ... ... ... ... J S6 ... 2283.

A ... Missa pro peste animalium ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... I ^7 228 b.

xiv (Sh tto mum <JUK m fjoc mfssalf contfnentur.

A ... Missa in slcrilitate tcrrrc ... Page 187 Fol. 229 a.

A ... Missa ad pluuiam postulandam ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 187 ... 229 a.

A ... Missa ad poscendam serenitatem ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 188 ... 22C)b.

A ... Missa ad repellendam tempestatem ... ... ... ... ... iSS ... 230 a.

A ... Missa pro temptationibus ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... iSS ... 2303.

A ... Missa pro amico fideli ... ... ... ... ... 189 ... 231 a.

A ... Item pro amico ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 189 ... 231!).

A ... Item pro amico ... ... ... ... ... ... I( > ... 232!).

A ... Item pro amico uiuo ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 19 2 33 a -

A ... Missa pro eo qui sua peccata confitetur ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 190 ... 233.1.

A ... Missa pro familiaribus ... ... ... ... 191 ... 233 b.

A ... Missa pro omnibus fidelibus uiuis ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 191 ... 2 34 a -

A ... Missa pro salute uiuorum uel requie defunctorum ... ... ... 191 ... 235 a.

A ... Item alia missa generalis ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 192 ... 2 36 a.

A ... Item alia [missa] generalis ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... I9 2 2 37 a -

A ... Missa uiuorum et defunctorum ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 193 2 37^-

A ... Missa pro infirmis ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 193 238 a.

A ... Missa pro reddita sanitate ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 193 2 3^ b-

A ... Reconciliatio penitentis ad mortem ... ... ... ... ... ... 194 ... 2 38b.

A ... Missa pro infirmo qui proximus est morti ... ... ... ... 194 ... 2 39a.

A ... Missa super episcopum defunctum ... ... 194 ... 240 a.

A ... Missa pro defuncto sacerdote ... ... ... 195 ... 240!).

A ... Missa pro defuncto in ipso die ... ... ... ... 195 ... 2410.

A ... Missa unius defuncti laici ... ... ... ... ... ... 196 ... 241 b.

A ... Missa pro defuncta femina ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 196 ... 2423.

A ... Missa pro defuncto nuper baptizato ... ... 196 ... 242 b.

A ... Missa pro desiderantibus poenitentiam et minime consequentibus ... ... 196 ... 242!).

A ... Missa in anniuersario unius defunct! ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 197 ... 243 a.

A ... Missa plurimorum defunctorum ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 197 ... 243!).

A ... Item alia ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 197 ... 244a.

A ... Missa in die depositions defuncti uel iii. uel vii. uel xxx. tiel anniuersaria ... ... 197 ... 244!).

A ... Missa in cymeterriis ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 198 ... 245 a.

C ... Benedictio in tcmpore hostilitatis ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 198 ... 245 b.

A ... Ordo in agenda mortuorum ... ... 198 ... -2463.

A ... Orationes super defunctum ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 199 ... 246 a.

A ... Orationes quando inceperint corpus lauare, et in ecclesia, ct dum corpus deportatur ad

locum sepulturse ... ... ... ... ... ... 200 ... 247 b.

A ... Orationes post sepultum corpus ... ... ... ... ... 201 ... 250 b.

A ... Commendatio animse ... ... ... ... ... ... 203 ... 252 b.

C ... Orationes in commemorationibus Sanctorum ... ... ... 203 2 ? >!>

C ... Benedictio ignis, in Purificatione S. Marioe ... 203 ... 254 a.

C ... Orationes super cereos, ,, ,, 203 ... 2^4 a.

C ... Benedictiones super cineres ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 204 ... 256 a.

C ... Benedictiones in die Palmarum ... ... ... ... ... 205 ... 2R6b.

C ... Litania ... ... ... ... _ ... ... 205 ... 257a.

C ... III. Kal. Aug. Prefatio SS. Abdon et Sennen. ... ... ... ... ... ... 205 ... 258 a.

C ... XIII. Kal. Ap. Missa S. Cuthberti, Pontificus 205 2 58b.

C ... Prsefatio in Inuentione Sanctse Crucis ... ... ... 206 2^ob.

C ... [VII. Id. Oct.] Missa SS. Dionisii, Rustici, et Eleutherii 206 260 a.

C ... Prefatio pro defunctis ... ... ... ... 207 261 a

A ... Oratio pro familiariis ... ... ... ... 2O - 262 a

A ... Oratio pro omni populo catholico ... ... ... ... 207 26? a

A ... Oratio generalis pro omni populo ... ... ... ... 20 -. 262 b

A ... Oratio in agenda mortuorum ... ... ... ... 2O , 26^b

C ... Missa in laude Sanctorum Omnium ... ... ... ... 2O 264 a

C ... III. Non. Aug. Inucntio corporis S. Stephani ... ... 208 264 b

C ... Missa pro peccatoribus ... ... ... ... 2O g 26- a

A Litania 209 266 a.

(JDrfco rmun qua? in ftoc nu ggali contuumttv. xv

C ... Benedictio Page 2 1 j Fol. 26 7 b.

C ... Missa in Festis S. Maria; ... ... 211 267 b.

A ... Ordinatio Ostiarii ... ... 211 268 a

A ... Ordinatio Lectoris ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 2 I2 2 (>8 b

A ... Ordinatio Exorcistx... ... ... ... ... ... ... 212 268 b

A ... Ordinatio Acoliti ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... , 12 269 a

A ... Ordinatio Subdiaconi ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 21? 270 a

A ... Ordinatio Diaconi ... ... ... ... ... ... . .. 2 i? 2~ia

A ... Missa in onlinatione Presbyteri sine Diaconi ... ... ... ... ... ... 214 272 b.

A,C... Ordinatio Presbyterum ... ... ... ... 214 27^

C ... Orationes in Electione Episcopi ... ... ... 215 276 b.

^ Mii *a 216 ... 277 a.

A ... Orationes in Ordinatione Episcopi... ... ... 217 2-8 a.

A ... In dedicatione basilica; notice. Orationes et preces ... 21 S 281 b.

A Missa 219 ... 282 a.

A ... Consecratio Altaris ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 220 284 a.

A ... Consecratio Tabulae ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 220 284 b.

A ... Consecratio Patena; ... ... ... ... ... 220 285 a

A ... Consecratio Calicis ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 221 285 a.

A ... Consecratio super Patenam et Calicem 221 ... 2853.

A ... Consecratio Corporalis ... ... ... 221 28^ b.

A ... Consecratio Altaris, et Calicis, et Patense, et Corporalis 221 ... 286 a.

A ... Ad manus impositionem ... ... 222 286b.

A ... Consecratio Chrismalis ... ... 222 287 a

A ... Consecratio Chrismatis in Coena Domini 222 ... 287"b.

A ... Exorcismus Olei ... ... 22 , 288b

A ... Consecratio Ignis et Cerse ... 223 289 b.

A ... Benedictio Fontis, Lactis, et Mellis 224 ... 2913.

A ... Benedictio Panis ......... 224 201 a.

A ... Benedictio Vuse uel Fabse 224 291 b.

A ... Benedictio Pomorum 224 291 b.

A ... Benedictio Pomorum et Nucleum 224 292 a.

A ... Benedictio ad Fruges nouas 224 ... 292 a.

A ... Benedictio Vini 224 292 b.

A ... Benedictio Crucis ... ... ... 225 202b.

A ... Benedictio super Vasa in loco antique reperta 225 ... 293 a.

A ... Benedictio Putei 225 293 a.

A ... Benedictio super Fontem ubi aliqua negligentia contigerit 225 ... 293 b.

A ... Benedictio Domus ... ... ... ... ... ... 225 294 a.

A ... Oratio contra Fulgura 226 294 b.

A ... Oratio post Mandatum 226 2 94t>-

A ... Oratio ad Agapem pauperum 226 294^

A ... Oratio ad Capillaturam 226 295 a.

A ... Oratio ad Barbas tontendas 226 2953.

A ... Oratio ad Clericum faciendum 226 2953.

A ... Oratio ad Diaconissam faciendam 226 295 b.

A ... Benedictio Vestium Viduse uel Virginis 226 296 a.

A Benedictio Virginis, ab episcopo dicenda 227 296 a.

A ... Item ad uelandam Viduam 227 297 b.

A ... Oratio ad Abbatem uel Abbatissam faciendam 227 298 a.

A ... Oratio pro Coniugandis ... ... ... ... 228 ->oSb

A ... Missa ad Sponsas benedicendas 228 298 b.

A ... Oratio in Sterilitate Mulierum 229 300 a.

A ... Reconciliato Ilcereticorum 229 300 a.

A ... Oratio super eos qui morticinum comederint ...... 229 300 b.

A ... Reconciliato altaris ubi homicidium perpetratum fuerit 229 300 b.

A ... Oratio pro Regnantibus ... ... ... ... ... 2 l o 302 a.

A ... Oratio super Militantes ... ... ... ... 230 302 a.

A Benedictiones super Regem nouiter electum 230 ... 302 b.

A ... Item super Regem ... ... ... ... 231 30- a.

XVI

mum quae in oc mt ssatf contuwntur.

A ...

Orationes super Archiepiscopo antequam pallium accipiat

Page 232

Fol. 3o6 a.

A ...

Item postquam pallium acceptum fuerit .

232

300 b.

A ...

Oratio super Infirmum poenitentem

232

37b.

A ...

Orationes super eos qui a drcmonio uexantur

232

308 a.

A ...

Impositio manuum super Energuminum Catechummum . . .

233

3 9 a -

A ...

Item alia pro paruulo Energumino...

233

39 a -

A ...

Item super Energumino baptizato ..

233

309 b -

A ...

Ad Catechuminum faciendum

235

3 1 2 b.

A ..

, Benedictio Salis dandi Catechumino

235

3*3 a -

A ..

Oratio post datum Salis

235

3*3b.

A ..

Benedictio Fontis

236

3 I 4 a -

A ..

Ordo Baptism!

A ..

Ordo ad uisitandum et unguendum et communicandum Infirmum

238

3 : 9 a -

A ..

Orationes pro peccatis

241

3 2 4 a .

A ..

Orationes cotidianrc ...

243

32oa.

A ..

Orationes matutinales

245

... 3 2 9 a -

A ..

Orationes matutinales sen uespertinales . . .

245

3 2 9 a .

A ..

. Orationes uespertinales

246

33 1 a.

A ..

Orationes cotidianis diebus ad Missam [ = Missa; cotidiamv]

... 247

33 1 b.

A .

Benedictiones in cotidianis diebus ...

... 248

... S3 2 b.

A ..

Benedictio super Regem dicenda tempore Synocli

249

334 b-

A. ..

Exorcismus Salis

249

... 334 b.

A ..

Benedictio Salis

249

... 335 a-

A ..

Exorcismus Aquse

250

... 335 a-

A ..

Benedictio Aqua

250

... 335a-

A ..

. Benedictio Salis et Aqua; . . .

250

... 335 b.

A .,

. Oratio quando Aqua spargitur

250

33 6 a.

A ..

Benedictio ad omnia qurccumque uolueris...

250

33 6 a.

C ..

Orationes

250

... 33 6 a.

C ..

Missa de omni celesti uirtute

251

337 a.

C ..

Missa generalis pro Viuis et Defunctis

251

... 333b.

C .

XI. Kal. Aug. S. Maria Magdalene

251

... 339 b.

C .

III. Non. Aug. Inuentio Corporis S. Stephani, Protomartyris...

252

340 a.

C .

.. XI. Kal. Sep. Octaua S. Mariic ad Martyres ...

252

34 Ia -

C .

.. XII. Kal. Aug. S. Margaretre, Virg. et Mart.

253

34 1 a -

C .

. . X. Kal. lul. S. Albani, Sociorumque eius

253

342 b.

C .

IIII. Non. lul. Translatio S. Martini, Episc. ...

253

... 343 a.

C .

.. Dominica xxiiii. post Octabas Pentecosten

254

... 344 b.

C .

Praifationes uaria;

254

345 a.

C .

. . Sabbato ante Palmas

255

... 346 a.

C .

. Dominica vi. in xl. in Ramis Palmarum ...

255

... 34 6a -

C .

In Coena Domini

256

349 a.

C .

Feria vi. Parasceues

261

361 b.

C .

Praifationes uaria:

262

364 a-

C .

.. III. Id. Mai. Dedicatio ecclesia: S. Maria> ad Martyres

263

365b.

C .

In Anniuersario Ecclesia: ...

264

... 368 a.

C .

.. III. Id. Mai. Dedicatio Ecclesia; ...

264

368 b.

C ,

Prasfationes uaria:

264

368b.

C

... In natale unius Euangelistre

265

369 b.

C

... In Vigilia unius Martyris ... ...

265

... 369 b.

C

... In natale plurimarum Virginum

266

37a.

C

. .. Praifationes uaria;

266

... 37b.

C

Missa propria Pontificis in Ordinatione ipsius ... ...

266

... 37 Ia -

C

... VIII. Kal. Oct. Conceptio S. lohannis Baptista:

267

... 372 b.

C

. . . Missa pro Rege uel Regina ... ... ...

267

... 373 a.

C

... In Ordinatione S. Gregorii ... ...

267

... 373 b.

C

VI. Id. Dec. [Conceptio S. Maria:, Virginis]

268

... 374 a -

C

... Missa pro amico ab aduersariis afflicto

268

374b.

C

... Octauas S. Martini ... ...

268

... 375 a-

C

... Octauas S. Andrea; ... ... ... ...

268

... 375 a.

(JDrtro rcrum quae m fjoc mfssali contmtntur. xvii

C ... Natalc S. Fidis Page 268 Fol. 375 b.

C ... S. Petri ad Vincula ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 269 3 "6 a.

C ... Natale S. Augustini ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 2 (j ( , 776 b

C ... XV. Kal. Ian. S. Lazari, Episc. et Mart. ... ... ... ... ... ... 269 v a

C ... Manumissiones ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 2 6o 3" b

APPENDIX.

The Red Book of Derby ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 271

Missal of Robert of Jumieges ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 275

C. C. C. C. MS. 270 294

Sidney Sussex Coll. MS. A. 5. 15 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ^ 02

Cott. MS. Vitell. A. xviii 30?,

DigbyMS. 39 307

Missale Vetus Anglicanum ... .., ... ... ... ... 308

INDICES.

1 ... Index of Collects ... ... ... ... ,j-,

2 ... Index of Prefaces ......... -.27

3 ... Index of Benedictions and Exorcisms ... ... 3?!

4 ... Index of Passages of Scripture ...... 31?

5 ... Index of Subject Matters ...... ? :> 5

6 .,. Index of Proper Names ......... 356

INTRODUCTION.

CONTENTS.

i. INTRODUCTORY. 2. Life of Leofric. 3. Policy of Leofric. 4. The Leofric Missal. 5. Accents. 6. Punctuation
7. Forms of Letters. 8. Abbreviations and Contractions. 9. Music. 10. Orthography. 11. Carelessness of tlu-
Scribe.

12. LKOKKIC A, Account of. 13. List of Gregorian Sacramentaries. 14. Handwriting of A. 15. Gatherings, Ruling of A.
16. Ornamentation of A. 17. Classes of Festivals in A. 18. Additions to A. 19. Rubrics and Titles in A. 20.
Comparison of A with other copies of Gregorian Sacramentary, and with later Missals. 21. Date of A. 22. Localiu
of A. Proofs of its having been written in North-Eastern France.

23. LKOFIUC B, Account of. 24. Ornamentation of B. 25. Classification of Festivals, etc.. in B. 26. Other Entries in B.
27. Centenary and Geographical Tables of Names of Saints in B. 28. Additions to B. 29. List of Obits in B.
30. Omissions in B. 31. Unusual Entries in B. 32. Date of B. 33. Locality of B. Proofs of its connection will/
the Monastery of Glastonbury, and with the dioceses, firstly of Wells, and then of Crediton.

34. LEOKRIC C, Account of. 35. Ornamentation of C. 36. Contents of C. 37. Date of C. 38. Locality of C.
39. Liturgical Offices in C. 40. Miscellaneous Entries in C. 41. Manumissions in C. 42. Historical Statement-
in C. 43. List of Relics at Exeter in C. 44. Letter of Adela in C. 45. Letter of Pelagius in C.

46. PASCHA ANNOTINUM. 47. Public Penance. 48. Communion in both kinds. 49. Intinction. 50. Benedictions.
51. Proper Prefaces.

i. THE MS. volume, now presented for the first time in cxtcnso, has long been known to
liturgical writers, and has been frequently quoted by them under the title of The Leofric Missal."
It is so called from its having been the property of Leofric 1 first bishop of Exeter, and by him
presented to Exeter Cathedral. Its liturgical interest lies in the fact that it is one of the only
three surviving Missals known to have been used in the English Church during the Anglo-Saxon
period, its companion volumes being the Missal of Robert of Jumiegcs, Archbishop of Canterbury,
written in the first half of the eleventh century, and now in the Public Library at Rouen, [MS.Y. 6],
and the Rede Boke of Darby c, written in the second half of the eleventh century, now in the
Library of Corpus Christi College, Cambridge 2 . [Nasmith s Catalogue, No. 422.]

2. Considerable uncertainty hangs over certain points connected with the life of Leofric.
The exact place and date of his birth arc unknown. Inett calls him a Burgundian : Dr. Oliver is
a little more circumstantial, and describes him as descended from an illustrious family in
Burgundy 4 ; but as neither of these writers give any authority for their statements, and as
evidence can be produced which is inconsistent with them, the Burgundian theory may be dismissed
without further notice. Florence of Worcester calls him Britonicus 5 , a word which has been
interpreted to mean a Breton, or native of Brittany, by Mr. Pcdler , and Professor Stubbs 7 , and

1 Leofricus, fol. i a ; Leouuricus, Bod. MS. 718, fol. 180. h. 4 Oliver, G., Plistory of Exeter, cd. 1821, p. 15. Probably

* Schultingius gives an account of another English Missal following the earlier authority of Godwin. Cat. of Bps. edit. 1616,

existing in his time (1599) in the Library of St. Pantaleon at p. 455. 5 In an. 1046.

Cologne. Biblioth. Eccles. col. 1599, torn. iv. part iii. p. 145. 6 Anglo-Saxon Episcopate of Cornwall, p. 47.

Some of his extracts have been reprinted on p. 308, q. v. 7 Foundation of YValtham Abbey (or De Inventione Crucis),

:J Inett, ]., Origines Anglicana;, ed. 1855, i. 468. p. ix.

C 2

xx Introduction.

an inhabitant of the Cornish portion of the diocese of Crediton, by Mr. Freeman \ The latter
interpretation seems to be the more probable ; yet a person bearing the common Saxon name
of Leofric 2 cannot have been a Celt pure and simple, and ; Britonicus can only imply that he was
born in what was actually or traditionally Celtic ground, or that at least on one side of his family
Celtic blood was flowing in his veins. But whatever may have been his birthplace, we know that
his youth was spent, and his education received in Lotharingia. By residence he was therefore
a foreigner 3 , and as such he must have come in contact with Edward the Confessor during his
enforced absence from England, 1016-42.. at the court of his cousin Robert the Devil, Duke of Nor
mandy, who died in 1035, or of his infant cousin William, hereafter to be known as the Conqueror.

When Edward returned to England to assume the Crown in 1042, Leofric probably accom
panied him in the capacity in which he is first introduced to us in history as priest or private
chaplain to the king 4 . But further honours were soon showered upon him. The estate of
Holcombe in Dawlish was conferred upon him 5 . He was made Chancellor to the king . In
1046 the Bishopric of Crediton, which, since the death of Burhwold or Brithwold Bishop of St.
Germain s, had comprised the two Sees of Devonshire and Cornwall, and which had become vacant
through the death of Living 7 , was offered to and accepted by him. Leofric sat as Bishop of
Crediton for four years, but in 1050 he procured the direction of the King, and the sanction of
Pope Leo IX, to transfer the headquarters of the See from Crediton to Exeter. The reason given
for the change, both in the letter written by Leofric, and borne by his priest Lantbcrt, to the Pope s
and also in^the royal charter authorizing the transfer of the See 1 , was the need of greater safety
from" the attacks of pirates. The enthronization of Leofric in his new cathedral took place with
o-reat pomp. The leading nobility and clergy of the realm were present, and formed a brilliant
throng through which the Bishop advanced, his right arm being supported by the King and his left
arm by Oueen Edith 10 .

After an Episcopate at Exeter of twenty-two years, Leofric died on Feb. 10,
buried in the crypt of the cathedral. The exact site of his grave is no longer known, and no
memorial stone marks it, although as late as 1419 there is this entry upon the fabric rolls of the
cathedral, Pro scriptura lapidis Domini Leofrici, primi ccclcsia: Exon. Episcopi 11 . In 156*
memorial to him was erected under the south tower consisting of an old altar slab of Purbeck
marble, with a canopy over it of the same material, with this inscription, Leofricus the first

1 Norman Conquest, ii. 83. 7 The date of the death of Burhwokl, and the subsequent union

2 E.g. Leofric, Earl of Mercia or Coventry, ob. 1057. His o f the dioceses of Cornwall and Devonshire, is uncertain. Ac-
grandfather and that person s great-grandfather bore the same cording to William of Malmesbury the union of the sees took
name. A duke Leofric and an abbot Leofric witness a charter place by the act of Canute, i.e. before 1035 (Gesta Pontif. Ang.,
ofEthelrecl in 994 (Kemble, Cod. Diplom., no. 6*6). Many lib. ii. 94) ; according to Florence cf Worcester by permission
more instances of the name occur in W. de G. Birch s Index List of Edward the Confessor, who was crowned in 1043. Living also
of Saxon Abbots, p. 82. Three persons named Leofric are among held the bishopric of Worcester, which was given in 1046 to
the witnesses to manumissions on fol. 8 and on fol. 377 of this Ealdred.

Mi ssa i. 8 Ubi ab hostilitatis incursu liber tutius ecclesiastica officia

3 Apud Lotharingos altus et doctus. William of Mabnes- disponere posset. Leofric Missal, fol. 3. a.

bury, Gesta Pontif., Rolls Series, lib. ii. 94. p. 201. > Quoniam piratici Cornubiensem ac Cryditonensem aecclesi;

4 "Kynges preost. Anglo-Saxon Chronicle in an. 1046. Capel- devaslare poterant. Charter printed in II. and S. Councils,
lano suo. Leofric Missal, fol. 3 a. Meo idoneo capellano Leo- 1.694. The genuineness of this charter was doubted by Hickes,
frico onomate nuricupato. Charter of Edward in an. 1044, printed but is upheld by Mr. lladdan. Ib. 695, note b.

in Oliver s Lives of Bishops of Exeter, p. 8. The letter of Pope Leo to King Edward is given in this

5 Quoddam rus in villa qua: ab incolis regionis illius vocitatur Missal, fol. 3. b.

Doflisc, scilicet .vii. mansos. Ib. Leofric was confirmed in his " II. and S. Councils, i. 692. Leofric Missal, fol. 3 b.

possession of this estate by a charter of William the Conqueror, n Quoted in Oliver s Lives of the Bishops of Exeter, p.

dated 1068. Ib. p. 10. Archdeacon Freeman identifies this lapis Leofrici with the

6 Regis Cancellarius. Florence of Worcester in an. 1046. sedilia. Architectural History of Exeter Cathedral, p. 40.

Introduction. xx i

byshoppc of Exeter lyeth here. Some account must be added of Leofric s character and policy.
At first sight one would imagine that as a foreigner, at least in education and habits, he would
incur a share of the popular odium which attached to the foreign favourites introduced by Edward
into high ecclesiastical positions in England. But Edward s foreign appointments can be
divided into two classes. In the first place there were cases of the appointment of Ercnchmcn
from Normandy, who were the King s favourites, but objects of hatred to the English people.
Conspicuous among this class of nominees were Robert, Abbot of Jumiegcs, appointed to the
See of London in 1044, and translated to the Archiepiscopate of Canterbury in 1051 ; William, one
of the king s Norman chaplains, made Bishop of London in 1051 : and Ulf, another Norman
chaplain, elevated to the Bishopric of Dorchester in 1049. All of these prelates fled from England
for fear of their lives, before the national reaction of feeling which took place in 1052. But there
was a second class of foreign appointment, in which the favoured nominees came not from
Normandy but from Lotharingia. a term which corresponds geographically to the South Nether
lands, or to Belgium, and part of Germany west of the Rhine, and the French and German
provinces of Flanders, Picardy, Artois, Alsace, and Lorraine ; ecclesiastically, to the province of
Cambray, including the dioceses of St. Omer, Tournay, Arras, Cambray, Namur ; the northern
part of the province of Rhcims, including the dioceses of Soissons, Amiens, Laon ; the province of
Treves, including the dioceses of Treves, Metz, Verdun, and Toul ; the southern part of the
province of Mechlin, including the dioceses of Antwerp, Bruges, Ypres, and Ghent ; and the
western part of the province of Cologne, including the dioceses of Cologne and Liege. This
district formed a borderland between France and Germany ; in which both languages were
spoken, but where German preponderated over French, and the inhabitants of which were
more akin than the French to the inhabitants of this country. The appointment of a Lotharin-
gian was therefore by no means the same thing as the appointment of a Norman to any post of
honour or emolument in England. Nor were such appointments confined to Edward the Confessor.
We may include among the more conspicuous instances of such appointments those of

(a) Duduc, made Bishop of Wells by Canute, in 1033, whom Florence of Worcester describes
as of Lotharingian origin 1 , but whom his successor, Gisa, declared to be of Saxon nationality 2 .

(/?) Hermann, a Lotharingian, chaplain to King Edward, made Bishop of Ramsbury in 1044.

(c] Lcofric, a Lotharingian. chaplain of the King, made Bishop of Crediton in 1046.

Not one of these Lotharingian bishops fled from his See, like their Norman brethren
in the Episcopate, in 1052 a . But though these bishops were not obnoxious to the inhabitants
of their English dioceses on the score of their nationality, their appointment tended to the
de-insularization of the English Church, and to its assimilation to the continental Church in,
the loss of national privileges and in an increased subservience to the Papacy. We are glad
to believe the post mortem panegyric, preserved in this Missal, which states that Leofric was most
active in teaching, preaching, promoting church restoration, and in fulfilling all the other duties
of the Episcopate 4 . His generosity, and his title to be enumerated among the benefactors
of the diocese of Exeter, are undoubted. He recovered for St. Peter s Minster much of its
alienated property, $ land ret Culmstoke, and ty land act Brancescumbe, and a^t Sealtcumbe, and $

1 De Lotharingia orinnclus, in an. 1060. Waltham. Baldwin, appointed Abbot of Bury St. Edmund s,

2 Natione Saxo. Camden Society, vol. viii. for 1840, p. 15. 1062-5, mav nave ^ een a Lotharingian, though the balance of

3 There were numerous later appointments of the same kind. evidence seems to be in favour of his French origin. The clis-
In 1060 Gisa, a Lotharingian, and native of the bishopric of tinction between Edward s Norman and Lotharingian appoint-
Liege, was made Bishop of Wells ; and Walter of Lotharingia, merits, first pointed out by Dr. Stubbs in the De Inventione
chaplain to Queen Edith, was made Bishop of Hereford ; Adel- Crucis, has been set forth at length in Freeman s Norman Con
hard, a Lotharingian, a native of Liege, was appointed by Earl quest, ii. 585-7.

Harold as Canon and Lecturer in his newly-founded minster at 4 Fol. 3 a.

XX 11

Introduction.

land a:t sanctc Maria circean, and f land act Stofordtunc, and aet Swearcan willc, and ^ land ;et
Morccshillc and Sidcfullan hiwisc, and ]? land set Brihtriccs stanc, and ^ land aet Toppeshamme,
thcah the Harold hit mid unlagc ut nam, and ^ land rot Stoce, and ^ land a* Sydcbirig, and ]>
laud aet Niwantune, and act Northtunc, and ]? land ait Clist the wid haefdc , He also enriched
the monastery, by endowing it with his own private possessions, namely, land aet Bemtune and ;et
Ksttune, and ojt Ccommcnige, and ]> land ret Doflisc, and ;ut Holacumbe, and ret Suth wuda-.
He also presented to the cathedral a large quantity of church furniture, ornaments, and vest
ments ; viz. :

ii b[isceop] roda two bishop s crosses.

ii mycele gebonede roda, butan oo rum [litlum] sil- two great ivory crosses, besides other small silver

frenum swur rodum neck crosses.

ii mycclc cristes bee gebonede two great ivory Christ s book?.

iii gebonede serin three ivory caskets.

i geboned altare one ivory altar.

v silfrene caliceas five silver chalices.

iiii corporales four corporals.

i silfren pipe ... one silver pipe 3 .

v fulle masse reaf live full mass vestments.

ii dalmatica two dalmatics.

iii pistcl roccas three tunicles.

iiii subd[i]aconcs handlin... four subdeacon s handlinen.

iii cant eravppa three chorister s caps.

iii canterstafas three choir staves.

v wa-llcnc wcofod sceatas five woollen altar covers.

vii of braxlelsas seven carpels.

ii Uvppcdu two tapestries.

[iii berascin] three bearskins.

vii sctlhnvgel seven seat-covers.

iii ricghnvgel three back hangings.

ii wahrcft two wall hangings.

vi msesene sceala ... six brass scales.

ii gebonede hnojppas two ivory cups.

iiii hornas four horns.

ii mycele gebonede candelsticcan two great ivory candlesticks.

vi laessan candelsticcan gebcnede six smaller ivory candlesticks.

i silfren stor cylle mid silfrenum stor sticcan one silver censer, with silver censer stick.

viiikeflas eight ewers.

ii gmSfana two banners.

[i] mere one table (?), flag (?).

vi midrcca six coffers J .

i lirdwxn one military wagon.

i cystc one chest.

& )>ajr nojron ccr but on vii upp hangene bella, & nu six suspended bells, in addition to the seven which
thser sind xiii upphangene previously existed.

xii handbella twelve handbells.

None of these gifts are now known to be in existence.
And the following list of books :

ii fulle msesse bee (l, 2) two plenary missals.

i collectaneum (3) one collectaneum.

ii pistel bee (4,5) two epistle-books.

ii fulle sang bee (6, 7) two complete choral books.

i niht sang (8) one night choral book.

i ad te Icuaui (9) one ad te levavi .

1 Bodl. MS. Auct. D. 2. 16, fol. i a, printed, with a translation, 3 See 49.

in Dugdale s Monasticon, ii. 527. * Probably an Antiphonary, so called from the opening words

- Ib. The land at Ilolcornbe and Dawlish had been given to of the Introit for the first Sunday in Advent.
him by King Edward.

Introduction. xxiii

i tropere (10) one tropary.

ii salteras (n, 12) two psalters.

se J>riddan saltere swa man singo" on rome (13) ... a third psalter with music as sung at Rome.

ii ymneras (14, 15) two hymnarics.

i deorwyr Se bletsing hoc (16) one very valuable bencdiclional.

iii o Sre (17, 18, 19) three other benedictionals.

i englisc christes hoc (20) one English Christ s book.

ii sumernedingbec (21, 22) ... two summer reading books.

i winter reeding boc (23) one winter reading book.

[i] regula canonicorum (24) one canonical rule.

[i] martyrlogium (25) ... one martyrology.

i canon on leden (26) one canon in Latin.

i scrift boc on englisc (27) one Penitential in English.

i full spel boc wintres & sumeres (28) one complete book of homilies for winter and summer.

[i] boeties boc on englisc (29) one Book of Boethius in English.

i mycel englisc boc be gehwilcum Jjingum on leotf- one great English book on various subjects, composed

wisan geworht (30) inverse.

Then, after enumerating five books and one worthless set of mass vestments, which Leofric
at Exeter, the document names the following Latin books presented by him to the
cathedral :

liber pastoralis (31) ,. ... ... the Pastoral of St. Gregory.

liber clialogorum (32)

libri iiii prophetarum (33, 34, 35, 36) the .iiii. may be intended to apply to prophetarum.

liber boetii de consolatione (37) Bodl. Auct. F. i. 15.

j a later hand adds de Dialectica in Exeter MS. 3501,
isagoge porphirii (38) . ( fol. 2 a, line 6, and an erasure follows the entry in

) the MS. here transcribed.

i passionalis (39)

i liber prosperi (40)

liber prudentii psicemachie (41) \ (41) (42) (43) now form one volume in the Bodleian

liber prndentii ymnorum (42) , \ Library. Auct. F. iii. 6.

liber prudentii de martyribus (43) } (43) Ex- MS. 3501 adds on aure bee. Auct. F. iii. 6.

liber ezechielis prophetg (44)

cantica canticorum (45)

liber isaie prophetg on sundron (46) ... ... ... the Book of Isaiah by itself.

liber isidori ethimolagiarum (47)

passiones apostolorum (48)

expositio bede super euangelium luce. (49) ,

expositio bede super apocalipsin (50)

expositio bede super vii epistolas canonicas (51) ...
liber isidori de nouo & ueteri testamento (52)

liber isidori de miraculis christi (53)

liber oserii (54) probably a mistake for Liber Orosii.

liber machabeorum (55)

liber persii (56) Bodl. Auct. F. i. 15.

sedulies boc (57) ... = Liber Sedulii.

liber aratoris (58)

!a work of Smaragdus, abbot of the Benedictine monas
tery of St. Michael on the Meuse, f 24. The
title is erased in Ex. MS. 3501, fol. 2 a.

glose statii (60) = Glossoe Statii.

liber officialis amalarii (61)

The list 1 closes with a request that worshippers in Exeter cathedral would pray for the
soul of Leofric, and the imprecation of a malediction on any persons who should be concerned
in the alienation or removal of his gifts.

1 Transcribed from Bodl. MS. Auct. D. ii. 16, foil, i a-2b ; an sented by the Dean and Chapter to the Bodleian Library ii
Evangeliarium given by Leofric to Exeter Cathedral, and pre- It is not one of the volumes in the above list.

XXIV

Intnrtmctfon.

Of the above list of sixty-one MSS. only one (30) is still in the Library of the Dean
and Chapter of Exeter. It was edited, with translation and notes, by G. B. Thorpe, under the
title of Codex Exoniensis, in 1842. Of the remainder, one (3) is in the British Museum
(Harl. 296.); three (24), (25), (27) are in C. C. C. C. (S 12, D 5, L 12, now 190, 196,190); one
(28) is in the Cambridge University Library (GG ill. 28 ; seven (i), (31), (37), (41)- (4 2 )-
(43), (56), arc in the Bodleian Library (MS. 579, 7 8 )> Auct - F - * J 5, containing (37) and (56),
Auct. F. iii. 6, containing (41), (42), (43)- There is an A S " Book of thc Gos P cls > arranged for
Sundays and Festivals of Saints, in the Cambridge University Library, (I. i. 2. n), which once
belonged to Lcofric, and may possibly be identified with (20) in the above list.

3. While admiring thc assiduity and generosity of thc first bishop of Exeter, we must
also note his tendency and determination, in common with other foreigners intruded about
the same time into English Sees, to Romanize thc Church of England. Roman in origin,
owing her existence to thc forethought of one of thc greatest of Popes, and fostered at first by
Roman missionaries and bishops, the Church of England had been consistently and loyally
Roman in doctrine and practice. Her first liturgical books, as well as vestments and church
ornaments, came direct from Rome, being sent by Gregory to Augustine 1 . Her archbishops
from thc very first applied for and wore the pall . But along with a just and ready recognition
of her debt to Rome, she had retained, till the reign of Edward the Confessor, certain privileges
and notes of autonomy, which are necessary to thc independent life of a national Church. For
example in the election of bishops. Up to thc time of Edward the Church of England kept this
matter in her own hands. The mode of election resembled that prevailing in thc Anglican
rather than in the Roman Church of the present day. The chapter, thc witenagcmot, and thc king
all took their part ; but the appointment, virtually, and under ordinary circumstances, was a royal
one, and it is thc king who is most frequently described as giving a bishopric to this or that
royal nominee: but in the eleventh century we hear for the first time of bishops going to
Rome for consecration or confirmation, and of the Roman court claiming at least a veto on
the nomination of the English king". Or take thc question of canonization. In the earlier
Anglo-Saxon Church this power was exercised by the provincial bishops and national councils,
thc first instance of solemn canonization by a pope being that of Ulric, Bishop of Augsburg,
by John XV in 993, while the privilege was reserved exclusively to thc Roman See by
Alexander III in 1170. Thus thc two Saxon brothers, priests, and martyrs. Ilcwald the Swarthy
and Hewald the Fair, were canonized by the English Church soon after their death circ. 695
Thc nativity of St. Gregory, March 12, and thc deposition of St. Augustine were fixed by thc
Council of Clovesho in 747". St. Boniface died in 755, and in thc first synod held in thc
following year his name was enrolled among thc saints in thc Anglican kalendar* . Thc name

1 Tapa Gregorius Augustino episcopo misit . . . qua; ad cul- 5 Canon XVII. Seplimo dccimo constituttim est prrecepto,
turn erant ac ministerium ecclesice necessaria, vasa videlicet sacra ut dies natalities bead 1 apre Gregorii, et dies quoque deposi-
et vestimenta altarium, ornamcnta quoque ccclesiarum, et sacer- tionis. qui est vii. Kal. lun. Sancti August ini ep scopi atque con-
dotalia vel clericalia indumenta, sanctorum etiam apostolorum fessoris, qui genti Anglorum missus a prrefato Papa, et patre
ac martyrum reliquias, necnon et codices plurimos. Bede, Hist. nostro Grcgorio, scientiam fklei, Baptism! sacramentum, et ex-
Ec J 2g< lestis patriK notitiam primus adtulit, ab omnibus, sicut decet,

2 j b> honorifice uenerantur. Ita ut uterque dies ab ecclesiasticis et

3 Freeman, E. A., Norman Conquest, ii. 67. The original monasterialibus feriatus habeatur nomenque eiusdem beati patns
authorities are given with great fulness and accuracy. Ib. pp. et doctoris nostri Augustini in La-tanioc decantatione post sancti

(7I _ ( .y. Gregorii uocationem semper dicatur. H. and S. iii. 368.

4 Inuenta namque eorum corpora, iuxta honorem martyribus c Unde in generali synodo nostra eius diem natalicii illmsque

condignum, recondita sunt, et dies passionis uel inuentionis eorum, cohortis cum eo martyrizantis insinuantes statuimus annua fre-

congrua illis in locis ueneratione celebratur. Bede. Hist. EC. v. 10. quentatione sollemniter celebrare. Epist. Cuthberti ad Lullum.

They are commemorated on Oct. 3 in MS. Vitell. A. xviii. H. and S, iii. 391.

Untroftttcifon.

XXV

of King Edward (f 978) was inserted in the Kalcndar on March i<S. by a Witenagcmot held under
Ethelred, A.D. 1008 \ That of St. Dunstan (f 9) by a Witenagemot held at Winchester under
King Canute, A.D. 1033 L> .

Hut the claims of Rome to interfere in these and other matters grew apace, and submission
to them was secured by the foreigners, in birth or sentiment, who in the eleventh century were
selected by Edward the Confessor to fill the chief ecclesiastical posts in England. We can trace
such a tendency in the policy of Lcofric. He considered the Pope s leave necessary before-
shifting his See from Creeliton to Exeter, and deferentially applied for it :: . Considerable altera
tions had taken place in Roman office books since the time of Charlemagne, and Lcofric introduced
foreign devotional books into his diocese. Among the Psalters, in the list of books previously
quoted, is one arranged according to the Roman mode of chanting 1 . The present Missal,
as far as the larger portion of it is concerned, is not English in origin, only in use. It was
written in Lotharingia 5 and was doubtless brought over to England by Lcofric on his first
arrival on English shores, and then, with considerable English additions, made one of the principal
books in use at Exeter cathedral". On transferring his Sec to Exeter in 1050, he ejected
thc^ nuns 7 who had hitherto occupied the monastery of St. Peter, which was given to him over
their heads by the king, and introduced for the first time (virtually) regular canons to under
take the services of the new cathedral 8 . This body is believed to have consisted of twenty-four
canons and twenty-four vicars, if, in the absence of contemporary authority, we may trust the
assertions of later documents connected with the cathedral. Much later on in his episcopate
we are told of his exempting the priory on St. Michael s Mount from episcopal jurisdiction",
and ejecting the old body of secular canons from St. Germain s and introducing a body of regular
canons in their place. Such at least is the description of his action at St. Germain s in a document
written in the thirty-second year of Edward III, and printed by Dugdalc 10 ; but it may be con
jectured that Leofric acted at St. Germain s as he did at Exeter, where he introduced and enforced
upon his newly-created canons the severe and, as William of Malmesbury terms it, the un-English
rule which he brought with him from Lotharingia . This was the famous rule of Chrodegang,
Bishop of Metz, 743-766, which sought to impose almost all the severities of monastic life upon
those who submitted to it, although it did not allow them to use the name or to wear the

1 Thorpe B., Ancient Laws, ii. 308. * Ih. p . 37 o. debita tantum uiginti quatuor canonicis antiquis ; The fol .

4 Lingard Ang o-Saxon Church, eel. 1858, vol. ii. 356. lowing passage is in Bishop Bronescomb s Statutes, April 28,

5 p 5al> foL 3 a> 1268: Sicut antiquorum traclicione accepimus, et nos ipsi ex-

6 r^f C ? XV * perimento nouimus, a tempore fundacionis ecclesice Exoniensis

ign part has been marked as Leofric A, for an ac- certo, uidelicet uiginti quatuor canonicorum numero ecclesia ipsa

3f which see 12. floruit Item a temporc ecclcsie prcdicte fuemnt et esse tencntur

Eiectis sanctimonialibus. Gul. Malm. Gest. Pont. Ang. ii. in ipsa ecclesia uiginti qualtuor uicarii singulis canonicis attitu-

94. Their monastery, according to tradition, occupied the site lati. Quoted in Oliver s Hist, of Exeter iS i p i;
of the present deanery. Dugdale, Monast. ii. 5 1 3. All modern Leofric s charter to this effect is printed in Dugdale s Monas-

wnters, except Mr. Freeman, assert, without making any men- ticon, vol. vi. part ii. p. 989, from the original documents pre-

tion of nuns, that monks were ejected by Leofric. So Dugdale, served in St. Michael s Mount in Normandy.
Monast. ii. 514. Leland speaks of eight monks having their 10 Et postea idem Leofricus episcopus fundauit, apud S. Ger-

s taken away and given to twenty prebendaries by grant of manum, prioratum canonicorum rcgularium, canonicis sccculari-

Itin. iii. 67. Dr. Oliver, following Godwin, adds bus amotis. Dugdale, Monast. ii. 69.

the further information that the eight displaced monks were Hie Lefricus, eiectis sanctimonialibus a Sancti Petri Monas-

transplanted to \\ estminster (Lives of Bishops of Exeter, p. 7 ), terio, episcopatum et canonicos statuit, qui contra morcm Anglo-

r. M. E. C.Walcott that it was a Benedictine abbey which rum ad formam Lothariiiijorum uno triclinio comederent, uno

solved (English Minsters, 177). There were two monas- cubiculo cubitarcnt. Transmissa est huiuscemodi regulaad

Exeter, and the inmates of both establishments, monks posteros, quamuis pro luxu tcmporum nonnulla iam ex parte

and nuns, were dismissed by Leofric. deciderit, habentque clcrici economum, ab episcopo duntaxat

A twelfth-century charter of Bishop John, 1186-1191, now constitutum, qui eis cliatim necessaria uictui, annuatim amictui

ost, bore this title: Carta lohannis episcopi de communa commoda suggerat. Gul. Malm Gest. Pont. Ang. ii. 94.

xxvi Introduction.

dress of monks. Indeed the latter was expressly forbidden 1 . Otherwise it seems to have
differed from a conventual rule, only in nominally allowing, what it practically took away, the
right of private property 2 . Equal rations of food and drink were served out daily, and clothing
once a year, by an officer appointed for that purpose :! . There was a common dinner table, and
a common dormitory 4 . They were bound to keep all the canonical hours \ and their fasts
were severe and long. From Martinmas to Christmas, Nov. n to Dec. 25, they might cat no
flesh, nor taste anything at all before 3 p.m. They were not to have wives, and were to
avoid all women as far as possible, and unmarried women like snakes 7 . Severe penalties
were assigned to trivial offences, and all, except the aged and the exalted in rank, were
subject to corporal punishment 8 . It is hardly to be wondered at that William of Malmes-
bury should describe this system as contrary to the custom of the English, and that, in spite
of the personal piety of Lcofric, his attempt to plant this foreign rule on an English soil was
a failure 9 .

4. Having now described the life, character, and policy of Bishop Leofric, and the phase
through which the Church of England was passing in the reign of Edward the Confessor, under his
guidance and that of other foreign prelates, we pass on to describe more particularly the service
book which he bequeathed to his cathedral, and which therefore has long passed under the
name of the Leofric Missal.

In its present condition it is a stout quarto volume, consisting of 378 leaves of vellum,
Sin. x 6in., exclusive of six blank modern paper fly-leaves, which belong to the same date as the
brown Russian leather binding, which it received from some Oxford book-binder about a century
ago. The first of the 378 vellum leaves is blank and is not included in the modern pagination,
in Arabic numerals, by which the last folio is numbered 377. This numeration has been retained
for the sake of harmony with the numerous references to this MS. in the works of Dr. Rock,
Mr. Maskell, and other Liturgical writers.

The volume, in its present form, is of a very complex character 10 , and consists of three main
and distinct divisions, which, for convenience sake may be designated as Lcofric A, B, C.

Lcofric A, which forms the bulk of the volume, is a Gregorian Sacramcntary, written in
Lotharingia early in the tenth century.

Leofric B is an Anglo-Saxon Kalcndar with Paschal Tables., etc., written in England circ.
A. D. 970.

Leofric C consists of a heterogeneous collection of Masses, Manumissions, historical state
ments, etc., written in England partly in the tenth, partly in the eleventh centuries.

The complexity of the volume is increased by the confused arrangement of the leaves belong
ing to these separate parts, and to the occupation of blank leaves or parts of leaves by entries in
later handwritings. It is impossible to say when the present dislocation of leaves began,
and how far it is due to the Oxford binder ; nor is it possible to reproduce exactly the original
arrangement, some leaves having been lost, as is evident from the incomplete gatherings and
from the abrupt endings of the text on foil. i6b, 21 ib, etc.

1 Ut canonici cucullos monachorum non habeant. Cap. liii. Cap. Ivi. The whole passage is worth reading.

2 Cap. iv. 3 Capp. vii, viii. 6 The younger monks were to be incessantly Hogged, Eorum
4 Cap. xiii. 5 Cap. xxiv. c Cap. xxxv. latent, ne indurescant, uirgis assidue tundenda sunt. Cap. lii.

7 Prohibe uirgines commorari tecum qua.- cle tuo genere non 9 Page xxv, note u.

sunt. Nemo inter serpcntes et scorpiones securus ingrtdilur. . . Another example of a compound volume, partly of foreign,

Si cum uiris fcmincv habitauerint, uiseai him diaboli non deerit. partly of English execution, is afforded by MS. Cott. Galba, A.

lanua diaboli, uia iniquitatis, percussus scorpionis, nocuumque xviii, which consists of a ninth-century German Psalter with a

genus. . . Inde mando atquc remando, ut hospitiolum canoni- tenth-century English Kalendar prefixed to it, and other addi-

corum aut raro aut nunquam mulicrum pedes terant, etc. tions of a liturgical character.

Introduction.

XXVI 1

The following table represents the present position of the various parts :

Folio.

Page.

/ rout.

To

Lcofric.

Century.

i .1-9 a

1-6

Ilunc missalcm

Mu*

C

X, XI

9 b-ii b

6-8

Deus, dei filius

pocula christus

A

X

ii b-12 b

8

Dis synt

cunctisque

C

X, XI

I3a-i3b

8

Oremus, fratres

Per eundem

A

X

13 b-i4a

8-9

Benedictio pro regc

et rc/ii/iia.

C

XI

I 4 b-i 5 b

9

Suscipe

deus. Per.

A

X

15 b-i6 a

9-10

Benedictio super unum

dignetur

C

XI

i6b

10

Veni

ut in

A

X

i7a-37b

10-21

silientes uenitc

donis. Per.

C

XI

38 a- 58 a

21-58

Inquirendum est

[ad finem].

B

X

5$ b~59 b

59

Ad sitperhunieralem

pro defunct is

C

XI

60 a-154 a

60-130

Per omnia

percipiat. Per.

A

X

154 b-i57 b

130-131

Exorcizo

sempiterna. Per.

C

XI

158 a-2io a

I3I-I74

Da nobis

prestnre.

A

X

210 a- .21 1 b

r 75

Ouem laudant

circumadstantium

C

XI

212 a-245 b

176-198

Missa <le sancta

claritatem. Per.

A

X

245 b

198

Benedictio in tcmpore

Ille nos.

C

XI

2 4 6a-253a

198-203

Incipit ordo

seculorum. Amen.

A

X

253 b-26i b

203-207

Orationes in

christum dominum.

C

XI

262 a-263 b

207-208

Oratio pro fam

eundem dominum.

A

X

264 a-265 b

208-209

Missa in laudc

saluandos. Per.

C

XI

266 a-267 b

209-211

Christe audi

eleyson.

A

X

267 b

211

Benedicat

trinitatem.

C

XI

268 a-273 b

21 I-2I5

Ordinatio ostiarii

per septuag.

A

X

27 4 a-27Sb

215-217

inta uirorum

israhel.

C

XI

2 7 8b -33 6 i

217-250

Orationes et

percipiat. Per.

A

X

33^b-377b

250-269

Pnx-sta, domine

on exan ccstre

C

XI

For the different kinds of type employed to distinguish the text of these various parts see
the Table of Abbreviated Titles under A, B. C.

It will be necessary, for the sake of clearness, to describe A, B, C, separately, after a short
history of the volume as a whole. There can be httle doubt that Lcofric brought (A) with him
from the continent, when, as seems probable, he accompanied Edward the Confessor to England in
1042. He then procured a somewhat more recent Anglo-Saxon Kalcndar (B), and in the exercise
of that diocesan independence, which has only ceased to exist in modern times, he added to
it a selection of Masses (C), one at least of which w r as probably composed by himself 1 . He
then presented the compound volume to his new cathedral in his own life-time, if we may
infer so much from the employment of the present tense dat in the colophon on fol. i, compared
with the perfect dedit in the colophon of his Persius. which must have been left to the canons
after his death 2 . The Lcofric Missal is almost certainly one of the two fulle mcsse bee
enumerated among Leofric s gifts on p. xxii. We need not hesitate to interpret the term full
Mass book, still less the term Missalem in the colophon on the first page, of the Leofric MS.
taken as a whole, although those terms would not apply to its parts regarded singly. A is
simply an old-fashioned Sacramcntary or Liber Sacramentorum. B is only a Kalcndar. C is

1 Missa Propria pro Episcopo, page 20.

But the Anglo-Saxon word is gef in both cases. The Persius is now in the Bodleian Library. Auct. F. i. 15.

d 2

XXV111

Introduction,

mainly a miscellaneous collection of Masses, with all their component parts sometimes exhibited
at length, as in a modern Missal, but too fragmentary in the character and number of such
Masses to deserve the name of a Missal by itself.

The whole MS. remained the property of the Dean and Chapter of Exeter till 1602,
when, through the influence of their fellow-county-man Sir Thomas Bodley, then engaged in
founding the Library which bears his name, it was presented, along with eighty other MSS.,
to the University of Oxford. A list of those MSS. is contained in the Registrum Benefactorum
(p. 42), where this Missal is entered simply as Missalc antiquissimum. It will not surely be
thought uncomplimentary or ill-natured to express a regret that both Leofric s Missals were
not given to the Bodleian Library at that time, for its companion book, the second of the ii fullc
majssc bee previously mentioned, is temporarily, if not irrecoverably lost.

What has become of it? It was believed once to be in the possession of Mr. Bourscough,
Vicar of Totncs, and Archdeacon of Barnstaple, ob. 1/09. Among the list of his MSS. at
the close of the seventeenth century this entry occurs:

7663, 44. Liturgia antiqua eadem, ut videtur, quam Lcofricus Episcopus dedit ecclcsiae
S. I etri Lxoniensi. Bernard s Catalogue, A.I). 1697, p. 233.

In 1/05 Wanley, after a description of the present Missal, adds:

Alter autem mine est peculium Rev. et doctissimi viri D. R. Bourscough, Rectoris ccclesia:
cle Totcness in agro Devoniensi. (Thesaurus, p. 82.)

But there are substantial reasons for supposing that both Bernard and Wanley were mistaken,
and that the MS. to which they refer is a Collcctancum, now in the British Museum, Ilarl.
MS. 2961. It is certain that the last-named MS. once belonged to Bourscough, from the fact
that on the fly-leaf is written, in Wanlcy s handwriting, 7, May 1715, which, as appears from
his Library Diary, was the clay when the MSS. purchased from Bourscough s widow were brought
into Lord Oxford s Library, and marked by Wanley with that date to distinguish them from
other parcels.

The following considerations make it almost certain that this MS. is the Liturgia Antiqua
eadcm, /// videtur, quam Lcofricus/ etc., of Bernard s Catalogue. That description was probably
furnished to Bernard by Bourscough himself, and in its hesitating phraseology, we may detect
either a real uncertainty as to the proper way of describing a rather rare form of Liturgical MS.,
or an antiquary s desire to make a little overmuch of a possession on which he prided himself.
Now one and one only such MS. is mentioned in the printed Catalogue as being in Bourscough s
possession. One only is also mentioned in a letter, written by Bourscough to Wanley in June
1702, giving notice that he had just sent off from Totnes a parcel containing his Saxon MSS.,
under care, to Richard King of Exeter, [who had previously been go-between between Wanley and
Bourscough, sec Had. MS. 3778. fol. 3], for that antiquary s inspection. In this letter he says :

I put a great value upon the old Liturgy, and therefore I desire you not to let it go out of your
hands till you return it with the rest. (Ilarl. MS. 3778 fol. 3.)

Harl. MS. 2961 contains two rather illegible notes on fol. i a, which afford very satisfactory
reasons for concluding, both that its original home was Exeter, and that it was one of the MSS.
presented by Lcofric to his cathedral, while it is known that it afterwards was in Mr. Bourscough s
hands before it became the property of Lord Oxford.

The first note runs thus :

Hunc librum dedisse ecclcsiae D. Petri [Exonicnsi] apparct ex pncfatione sermonis in die Paschae
Saxonice et Anglice, procurante M. Parkero archiepiscopo Cantuaricnsi, Londini editi, ubi cxtat
catalogus librorum a Leofrico datorum, Sedulium et Persium dedit, et Boe[tium de Consoljatione,
Saxonice [etc.] Ibi constat dedisse .i. winter raiding boc cum aliis.

Intro fcuctum.

XXIX

This proposed identification of Harl. MS. 2961 with the winter raiding hoc is erroneous, as that
MS. implies the continuance of offices throughout the year.
The second note, at the foot of the same page, is :

Nactus sum hunc librum Exonix, ego Samuel Canutus in ccemctcrio Divi Pctri. Extant fw-
menta subscripsionis Saxonic[e] in laceris cxtremi folii reliquiis, quibus opinor testatum fuit
Leofricum eundem donasse.

This Canutus is Dr. Samuel Knott, rector of Combe Raleigh in Devon, [661-1698, a diligent
collector of MSS., which afterwards came into Mr. Bourscough s possession. The torn remains of
the last leaf no longer exist, but Leofric s habit of writing an inscription at the beginning or end of
his volumes is in favour of the correctness of Dr. Knott s suggestion.

The following is an extract from a letter written by Mr. Robert Bourscough on Dec. 31 [year not
stated, and not addressed], Smith MS., No. 25, which is a collection of MS. Letters bequeathed to
Thomas Hearne by the Rev. Thomas Smith, D.D., Fellow of Magdalen College, Oxford :

. . . For several years I have not been at Exeter, but I have thoughts of going thither in the
spring, and, if I may be permitted to take a catalogue of the MSS. in the Cathedral Library, I
shall most willingly communicate it to you, and be glad of the opportunity of serving you. In the
preface to a Saxon piece of the abbot yElfric, concerning the sacrament of the Body and Blood of
Christ, published by Archbp. Parker, which I doubt not but you have seen, we arc informed that
many books of that nature were reserved in the libraries of Worcester, Hereford, and Exeter, from
which places divers of them were delivered into the hands of the said archbishop, but that they
were restored doth not there appear. . . /
In another letter he says :

. . . I have 2 MSS. Latin Bibles, in both which I find these words : Tres sunt qui testimonium
dant in caelo, Pater, Verbum, et Spiritus Sanctus, et hii tres unum sunt, etc., Joh. i. 5, 7. And in
prologues that are in both those manuscripts the genuine reading is asserted. I have also a MS.
Liturgy in which these words occur, and are cited as a part of Scripture : Tres sunt qui testimonium
etc., as before. This Liturgy \vas written about 600 years ago, and as I have good reason to think,
this very book was given by Leofrick the first bishop of Exeter to the church of S. Peter at Exeter.
Letter to the same. Ib. No. 28. Undated.

Now this passage (i Joh. v. 7) does not occur in the Leofric Missal, nor is it likely to have
occurred in any missal of the same date as the Leofric Missal, but it does occur in the Collectarium
(Harl. MS. 2961) as the chapter for Terce on Trinity Sunday. Fol. 108 b.

The inevitable deduction from all these facts is that the identification of Leofric s second Missal
with the Liturgical MS. once in Mr. Bourscough s possession must be abandoned.

We subjoin an account of the principal orthographical peculiarities of the Leofric Missal, append
ing either the letters A, B, C, or the folio in each case, to enable the reader to ascertain whether
they belong to the English or the Lotharingian part of it, and reserving other points, such as the
ornamentation, etc., to be described separately hereafter, with that part of the Missal to which they
belong.

5. Accents. A single accent ( ) is employed occasionally and capriciously throughout the
volume, most frequently over monosyllables, but occasionally over longer words. The same mark
is sometimes used, especially in the canon of the mass (A) and in C, to mark a long syllabic, or to
show where the accent is to fall, evidently for the sake of priests whose pronunciation could not be
trusted. The double accent (") appears occasionally over a double vowel obi it, (B), Aaron (A C).

6. Punctuation. The only stop in regular use throughout A and B is the low or middle
point (. or ), but the mark of interrogation () puts in a rare appearance, and the following stop (:)
appears occasionally, singly, doubled, or trebled, at the end of titles in A, and a solitary semi-

XXX

Introduction.

colon (;) makes an appearance at the end of one paragraph in B. The punctuation in C is more
varied, and includes the following forms .>. | ? | ; | y | : | v | : | .,. | ;f | r | r | .

7. Forms of letters. Besides the ordinary form of a capital Q, this form, with a very much
narrowed loop (Q) occurs in C, and (cj) occasionally in A.

C for C occurs in B ; V is the more usual, but by no means universal form of a capital u. The U
shape generally appears in the amalgamated opening capitals of Vcrc Dignum, which throughout A
appear as t0, but sometimes in C as V.

Of the smaller letters, the thick stroke of (a) is sometimes elevated very much above the line in
C ; e, 9, and re are used interchangeably and indifferently, such forms as annure (verb impcr.) and
pnxxipure (adv.) appearing ; a more rare form of e (e) occurs very frequently, but in A only ; the
diphthong oc occurs rarely, as in pcenitcntia, which is also written as pamitentia, pcmitentia. and
penitcntia; the letter h is eleven times represented by the square breathing (K) placed over a word,
six times in A, five times in C ; the middle stroke of n is sometimes elongated to the extent of one
or even two inches to fill up a line (foil. 105 b, nob) ; the small v is always written as u, except in
the case of abbreviations for versus and virgo ; the letter y is clotted ; the thorn is represented by both
5 and }> (B, C) ; the English |> (w) occurs in B, C, but in the later entries it is written as uu or vv.

The following letters are combined with more or less frequency: c and t by a convex semicircular
connccting loop above the line (in C) ; n and t, by the righthand stroke of the N being combined
with the stem t>f the T, which is raised above the line (N ) in A and C ; r and t by a raised concave
link h (fol. 31 a).

(S. Abbreviations and Contractions. Of the abbreviations and contractions in use, the following-
only seem to deserve special notice as bearing upon the date of the MS.

A=rAntiphona ad Introitum, for Introit. (in A and C).

Acuia = Alleluia (in C). This abbreviation occurs also in Cott. Vesp. A. i (;th cent.) fol. 140 b.

R Rcsponsorium graclualc, for Gradual (in A only, Gr. being substituted in C).

H ^hautem, for autem, in C (thrice).

ill. as a substitute for a person or persons to be named (in A), N being used indifferently with
ill. (in C).

or -f =obitus or obiit (in B).

9. Music. Musical motes, in the form of neumes, are placed sometimes over the Introit with
its Psalm, the Gradual with its Verse, the Offertorium, Communio, and Preface in C. They occur very
rarely in A, only in the first fifty leaves, only over a few prefaces in the text, and over marginal
catchwords, and they have mostly the appearance of not being prima manu. Sec foil. 60 a, no a.

10. Orthography. The following is a list of the orthographical irregularities or peculiarities
which occur in the MS. Unless otherwise specified, they may be regarded as being found in A.
a for e : affectus. i propiciatio, preciosi, saciemur, solacia, spaciis,

(E for a : reffectus.

ts for e : rescas, repulas.

b for/: absorbta, obprobium.

b for v : octabas, edificabit, saltabit, etc.

cfoYc/i: cyrographum. carismatum, crisogonus,
pasca, cristum, cristina (B), cristallum, crisolitus,
crissopassus.

c for qu : cotidie, cum, secutus, etc. [passim for
quotidie, etc.]

c for s : infectationibus (C).

c for t : dileccio, marcius, pacienter, pacicntia,

tristicia (C), uicium.

c omitted : untione.

c inserted : scandaliis (C).

cc for c : cicclus (B).

cJi for c: archana (C), chana, michi, nichil, se-
pulchrum.

d for dd : redere (C).

^/ for /: capud, deliquid, rcliquid.

c for /: auctore, oblationes, etc., for auctori, ob-
lationis, etc., a frequent cause of confusion of
cases ; intellegitur, neglegenter.

Introduction.

XXXI

c for cc : frequent.

c for cr : frequent.

ffarff: ofcrcntcs.

f(o\- pJt: fantasia, antifona.

fffarf: affra(B).

g forj: magestas.

h for g: bcnihnus (C).

h omitted : cbrcos, cxortationibus, gomorrc-
orum, iacinctus, myrra, olocaustum, oris, orto-
doxis, rinoccrotis, timiamatis, tronis, ymnum,
ysopus.

Jf inserted : abhominatio, berhtinus (B), coher-
ccamus, cuthberhtus (C), danihel, ephyphania,
gabrihcl, ihcrusalem, israhcl, landbcrhtus (B), mi-
chahclis (A, B), mahthildoj (B), pcrhcnnitatis,
samuhel.

h prefixed : habundare, hcrasmus, hcrcma, he-
remita, hicrcmias, hicricho, hostiarius, hrofensis
(B), hubertate.

? for c : bcniuolus, catechuminus, quatinus,
saltim. Also in immolari, peccatori, etc., for immo-
lare, peccatore, etc., a frequent cause of confusion
of voices and cases.

i for y : acolitus, aegiptiacus, azimus, babilone,
clionisii, eleison, elemosinam, martir, mistcrium,
paraliticus, sardonix, sicomorum.

i omitted : abiciendos, adiciat, eiciant, ma-
estas.

k for c : kalcndae, kalendarium, kapita (B), ka-
rissimi, krysma (C).

/ for r : fraglans.

/for //: police, pululet.
for Dim : amonitio (C).

11 inserted : quoticns, toticns.

mi for n : rcnnuas.

c for 11 : iocundos (for jucundos).

cvforc: obcedientia, inobuxlicns, obccdirc.

cc for (c : dcemonium.

p for b : optincret (A. B).

p for // : apcllari, oportunus, oportunitatem.
opugnauit, suplicii, suplicitcr.

/ inserted : condcmpnes, dampno, hiemps, in-
dempnes, sollempnis, sollempnitas.

rr for r : kyrric.

s for x : ausilium.

s for ss : profesioncm (C).

s omitted : puto (after ex for sputo) and in
composition excquimur, cxtitit, extrui, exupe-
rasti.

s inserted : cxsuens.

ss for s : commissisti.

t fore: aspitias, commcrtium, consotiare, de-
litiae, efficatia, effitamur, fallatia, fatiat, fidutiam,
mendatio, offitium, profitiat, pudititia, sautiati,
sotia, spurtitiis.

t for d: davitica.

// for t : grabatto.

it for b : sauinam, inuocauit, etc., (for inuo-
cabit, etc), an occasional cause of confusion be
tween futures and perfects.

u for o : furtunatus (B), lurica.

11 omitted : ungcnti.

KU for u : euuangelium.

y for i : crysmate, cybum, cymiteriis, cyrogra-
phum, epyphania, mynisterium, mynistrum, mys-
ccatur, paradysi, syderibus, symon, syn, syxtus,
ymber, ypolitus.

Hence the fol-

n for ;/;/ : conubium, conectis.

Prepositions in composition do not, as a general rule, undergo assimilation,
lowing forms of words occur :

Adcrescunt, adfixit, adfligimur, adgrcga, adnunciandum, adposita, adprchendat, adpropinquauit,
adque, adquisiuit, adscribe, adsisto, adtactus, adtcndite, adteritur, adtingcre, adtolle.

Conlatio, conligatus, conlaudare, conpctcnter, conplacuit, conprchcndo, conpunctis, inconpre-
hensibilis.

Inbecillus, inbuendum, inlzesa, inlcccbris, inlicitis. inlumina, inlustrarc, inluxcrit, inmaculatus,
inmensus, inmerito, inmitte, inmoderantia, inmortalis, inmundicias, inmuta, inpendo, inpiger, inpli-
ccmur, inploro, inpositio, inpugnationibus, inradiata, inrcprehensibilis, inriga, inrisit.

Obprobrium.

On the other hand, in the case of ad ; assimilation takes place in the words amministratio.
ammoneo.

Prepositions out of composition (and pronouns and conjunctions) are frequently written close to

XXXI 1

Entrotructfon.

the governed (or following) word ; so much so that occasionally absorption and assimilation take
place, e.g. cxion [ = cx syon], impcrpetuam, impreciosis, impresenti, impresepe.

n. Carelessness of the scribes. Some of the orthographical irregularities in the above list may
be merely clue to the carelessness of the various wrkers of this MS., which, though by no means
excessive, exhibits itself in the following ways :

By omission (a) of the mark of abbreviation or contraction; of a letter or letters, as omnipontia
for < omnipotent (fol. 291 b) ; of a syllable, as esse for pneesse (fol. 34 b); of a word, as
tribue (fol. 24 a) ; of the marginal entries of catchwords in A (fol. 73 b, 74 b, etc.) ; of the title of a
prayer, as Postcommunio (fol. 17 b). The title Collecta is almost always omitted, but it makes an
appearance on fol. 77 a. By insertion (/;) of a letter, as perficiant for pcrfkiat (fol. 27 a). By repe
tition (c) of a syllable, as dis dispensations (fol. 15 b) ; of a word, as c die-bus (fol. 287 a) ; of two
words, as tui fideles (fol. 27 a); of three words, as ut propitiatus absoluc (fol. 24 a). By trans
position (V) of letters, as iugcant for uigeant (fol. 156 b). By employment (c) of a wrong letter, as
quicquic for quicquid (fol. 2,-,i b) ; of a wrong syllable, as < quinis for zonis (fol. 277 b) ; of
a wrong word, as gregem for reginam (fol. 373 b) ; of a wrong numeral, as vii for viii (fol. 44 a) ;
of a wrong title, as on fol. 371 a, where an extract from the Epistle to the Hebrews is entitled
Lectio ad Romanes/

Very occasionally the scribe has discovered his own mistake, and marks his discovery by placing
a dot or dots beneath the error, on one occasion (fol. 20 a) writing the word nota, which he spells
tona, perpendicularly on the margin. The MS. text lias been accurately copied, even at the cost
of intelligibility, as where (fol. 44 a) the scribe has written Maia gcneroi for Mains Agenorci (B).
but the proper reading has been, in a few of the more important cases, suggested in a footnote.

The preceding remarks apply in the main to the whole volume. It is necessary to describe
separately the three clearly marked off portions which constitute the complete Missal.

12. Lcofric A, which is at once the most ancient and the largest of the component parts ot
the Lcofric Missal, occupying 262 out of 377 leaves, is a Gregorian Sacramentary, written in Lotha-
ringia early in the tenth century.

13. In printing another copy of this Sacramentary it may be convenient to prefix a 1
those which already exist in type, and to add some notice of other MSS. which have not been
printed throughout, but of which partial use has been made in printed editions.

Name of Codex.

Date o/JlfS.

i.

Codex Coloniensis.

IX cent.

2,

Codex Vaticanus (I).

IX cent.

LIST OF PUBLISHED MSS.

Cologne. E bibliotheca Hildebaldi
Episc.

The Preface and Scholia contain no ac
count of the MS. Rocca, Opera Om-
nia, ii. 381, Roma;, i/ I 9-

Editor s Name.

Famelius

Angelus a Rocca, Sacrist to
Clement VIII, 1592-
1605. Several times re
printed.

Place.

Dale.

Cologne.

I57I-

Rome.

1605-, but

Preface

and Scho

lia, 1597.

1 Pamelius also published two other liturgical documents which arc too incomplete in the nature and number of their contents to
be included in the foregoing list, viz. :
() Codex Grimoldi. 1 IX cent. Cologne. E Bibl. Hildebaldi Episc. ; written by an Abbot Gri- Pamelius.

Codex Alcuini.

moldus, probably in the reign of Louis the Pious, 814-40.
IX cent. This is an arrangement of certain parts of the Gregorian Sacra-

Pamelius.

Cologne.

mentary, with additions made to it by Alcuin, ex Bibl. llilde
baldi.

2 The earliest printed copy of this MS. which I have been able to find is that contained in an edition of the works of Gregory the
Great. Paris, 1675.

Introduction.

XXXlll

Name of Codex.
3. Codex S. Eligii.

Date of MS.
IX cent.

4. Codex Vaticanus (II). , IX cent.

5. Codex Leofrici. X cent.

Place of MS.
Erroneously connected with Eligius,

Bishop of Noyon, 640-46 ; formerly

in the Monastery of St. Peter at Corbie,

in Picardy, now at Paris. Bib. Nat.

Lat. 12051.

aris, Sweden, now in the Vatican

Library at Rome.
Lotharingia, Exeter, now at Oxford.

Bodl. MS. no. 579.

Editor s Name. \ Place.

Dale.

Menardus.

Monach. Ord. S. Benedicti.
Migne, Bibl. Pat. Lat. vol.
Ixxviii.

Paris.
Paris.
Paris.

1642.

705-

1847.

Muratori.

Venice.

1748.

F. E. Warren.

Oxford.

1883.

Name of Codex.

1 . Codex Rodradi.

2. Codex Rhemensis.

3. Codex Ratoldi.

4. Codex Reginos Suecice.

5. Codex Calensis.

6. Codex Theodericensis I.

7. CodexTheodericensisII.
S. Codex Othobonianus.

9. Codex Gemmeticensis,
or Missale Roberti, Ar-
chiep. Cantuariensis.
10. Codex Bodleianus.

LIST OF UNPUBLISHED MSS.

Place of MS.

Written by a Priest Rodradus in the Monastery of

Corbie in Picardy, about A. I). 853.
Written by a Priest Lantbert in the Monastery of St.

Remigius at Rheims, by the command of Gaudel-

gaudus.
Written by order of Ratoldus, twenty-eighth Abbot

of Corbie, f 986.
Written for the Chnrch of St. Cloud (Novigentum),

near Paris.

Written in the Monastery of Chelles in Normandy.
Written in the Monastery of St. Theoderic nearRheims.
Written in the Monastery of the B.V.M. at Soissons.
Written at Paris ; once the property of Paul Petau,

Senator ; then of Queen Christina ; now in the

Bibliotheca Othoboniana at Rome.
Written at Winchester ; transferred to Jumieges ;

now at Rouen. See p. 275.

Written in France, probably for the Church of Tours;
now at Oxford, Bodl. Lib. Auct. D. i. 20.

Date. Place of MS. Remarks.

IX cent. Written by a Priest Rodradus in the Monastery of Collated by Menard.

IX cent. Written by a Priest Lantbert in the Monastery of St. Collated by Menard.

X cent. Written by order of Ratoldus, twenty-eighth Abbot Collated by Menard.

of Corbie, f 986.

X or XI Written for the Chnrch of St. Cloud (Novigentum), Collated by Menard.
cent. near Paris.

XI cent. Written in the Monastery of Chelles in Normandy. Collated by Menard.
IX cent. Written in the Monastery of St. Theoderic nearRheims. Collated by Menard.
IX cent. Written in the Monastery of the B.V.M. at Soissons. Collated by Menard.

IX cent. Written at Paris ; once the property of Paul Petau, Collated and partly published by

by Muratori, Lit. Rom. Vet.

XI cent. Written at Winchester; transferred to fumieges; Collated by Menard and in the

present volume.

IX cent. Written in France, probably for the Church of Tours; Written on very fine vellum, with

beautifully ornamented capital
letters in red and gold. Partly
collated in the present volume.

Muratori asserts that nothing is known, and that nothing can be known, about the character
of the Roman Liturgy during the first four centuries after Christ : . As a matter of fact our un
certainty, if not our ignorance, as to its exact nature extends to a much later date -. Such phrases
as the Gregorian Sacramentary/ the Gregorian Canon/ etc., in common use among Liturgical
writers, lead the ordinary reader into the supposition that we have contemporary evidence about its
character and contents, but an inspection of the above list will establish two important points ;
firstly, that we have no surviving documentary evidence as to the contents of the Gregorian
Liturgy earlier than the reign of Charlemagne ; secondly, that all the important extant codices,
which have been printed or collated, were written north of the Alps, and mostly within the
geographical boundaries of France, if we may use that term in the extended sense which it bore
in the earlier part of the ninth century".

An immense number of codices were written at that time by order of Charlemagne, and under
the fostering care of Alcuin, foreign copies being introduced into France in large numbers for the
purpose of transcription, especially from England, where the Roman Liturgy had been in use since
the seventh century.

1 Qualis fuerit quatuor primis ecclesiee sseculis Romance EC- are not, as we have them, contemporaneous with those popes,
clesix- Liturgia in sacrificio ineffabili frustra quccras. Lit. Rom. Their probable date ii discussed by Muratori. Lit. Rom. Vet.
Vet. i. 10. i. ceiii-v.

2 The Sacramentaries known as those of Leo and Gelasius 3 Freeman s Historical Geography, map xvii.

XXXIV

Introduction.

The unusual demand was caused by the abolition of the ancient and national Liturgy of France
by imperial authority, and by the need of copies of the innovating Roman rite which was to take
its place. Leofric A is one of the numerous codices, which in the tenth, as before in the ninth
century, were being elaborated in the scriptoria of French monasteries, and which owed their exist
ence to the Romanizing policy of the Carlovingian dynasty.

Its publication will throw no fresh light on the character of the ancient Liturgy of France ; its
interest lies chiefly in its being the first published text of a Liturgy actually in use in an Fnglish
cathedral before the Conquest.

14. Handwriting of K. The MS. is written throughout in a pure Caroline minuscule hand
writing, in letters about an eighth of an inch in height. Only one scribe has been employed, but
his handwriting exhibits occasional signs of slovenliness towards the close of his work, as if he was
wearied with the length of his task.

15. Gatherings, Ruling of A. The somewhat coarse dark vellum on which it is written is
arranged in twenty gatherings of eight leaves, five of ten leaves, two of twelve leaves, and a few
parts of gatherings or single leaves. There arc no signatures. The vellum is ruled with a sharp
point on one side only. There arc twenty-one lines on a page as far as fol. 243 b, after which
twenty-three lines begin frequently to make their appearance ; the ruled lines, rather more than a
quarter of an inch apart, are confined between single horizontal boundary lines across the full length
of the page ; and double boundary perpendicular lines, drawn from the top horizontal line to the
bottom of the page. These perpendicular lines lie three-eighths of an inch apart, and contain the
ordinary capital letters between them.

1 6. Ornamentation of A. The Sursum corda on fol. 60 a, the first page of the Sacramentary
(from per omnia to iustum est ), is written in uncial letters a quarter of an inch high. Ten such
lines, written alternately in red and black ink, occupy the whole page, with the interstices of the
letters filled up with patches of gold, and of red and blue paint.

The next four pages (60 b to 62 a), containing the ordinary Preface and the opening words of
the Canon (from Vere dignum to cultoribus ), are richly ornamented in the Franco-Saxon style of
the end of the ninth and beginning of the tenth centuries.

The first two pages exhibit a broad golden framework, such as is usual in the case of the Euse-
bian Canons. The arches spring from pillars with foliated bases and capitals. Their groundwork
is gold with vermilion outlines, their centres being filled up with light interlaced work on a dark
ground. In the centre of fol. 60 b is a large U of similar work, with two large birds heads as ter
minations of its lower centre, which is bifurcated upwards ; the letters E R E are written above it,
and Dignum below it, in a light green oblong framework, all these letters being of considerable
size, of gold edged with vermilion.

On fol. 6 1 a the words of the Preface are written in minuscule gold letters, on nine horizontal
panels, once purple, but now nearly black, edged with vermilion, and filling up the centre of the
page within the arched frameworks.

Pages 6 1 b, 62 a exhibit broad square frameworks with smaller squares at the four corners, re
sembling in their colouring and execution the arches on folios 60 b and 61 a. The centre of fol. 61 b
is occupied by a gigantic T, with its stem terminating in two dragons heads, with red outstretched
tongues. A large E in a dark fancy framework is placed on the right-hand side of the stem of the
T, and igitur at its base. These letters are large gold uncials edged with vermilion. On fol. 62 a
the next words of the Canon are written in gold minuscule letters, on seven dark purple (nearly
black) horizontal bands, occupying the centre of the page within the framework.

The only ornamentation in the rest of Leofric A is spent upon initial letters. These, which are
written in plain red and black alternately, are about three-eighths of an inch high, at the commence-

Introtfuctfon.

XXXV

ment of separate Collects, and about five-eighths of an inch high at the commencement of separate
Masses. Very often the first letter of a proper name in the text (fol. 62 a) or the first letter of a new
sentence (fol. 123 a) is written in red, or ornamented with patches of red and green paint. The more
dignified festivals are marked by the increased size and more ornamental treatment of the initial
letters, and of the opening line or lines. The whole of this ornamentation, especially the gold letters
with red outlining, is of unmistakably French execution of the ninth-tenth century.

17. These dignified Festivals or Solemn Days seem to be divided by the scribe into three
classes ; the first class containing four festivals ; the second class twenty-two ; and the third class
fourteen; total forty.

First class ; with a very large initial letter of gold groundwork edged with red and black, elabo
rately shaped and ornamented, and with the opening two, three, or four lines written in large
uncial letters of pure gold.

Dec. 25. Christmas Day (fol. 67 b).
Easter Day (fol. 115 b).

Ascension Day (fol. 128 a).
Whitsun Day (fol. 131 b).

Second class ; with a smaller and less elaborate initial letter of plain gold groundwork edged
with red, and the opening line written in black rustic capitals ornamented with patches of red and
green paint :

Dec. 24. Vigil of the Nativity (fol. 65 a).

Jan. 6. The Epiphany (fol. 71 a).

Ecb. 2. The Purification of the B.V. M. (fol. 76 a).

Fourth Sunday in Lent (fol. 94 a).

Sixth Sunday in Lent (Dominica in palmis) fol. 102 a.

Maundy Thursday (fol. io6a).

Easter Eve (fol. 114 a).

"Wednesday within the Octave of Easter (fol. 1 18 a).

Octave of Easter (fol. 121 a).

Whitsun Eve (fol. 130 b).

Octave of Pentecost (fol. 135 b).

Dec. 26. St. Stephen (158 a) 1 .

May 3. Invention of the Cross (fol. 170 a).

June 24. Nativity of St. John Baptist (fol. 175 a).

29. St. Peter 2 (fol. 177!;).
Aug. 15. Assumption of B.V. M. (fol. 186 a).
Sep. 8. Nativity of B.V. M. (fol. iSc,b).

,, 14. Exaltation of the Cross (fol. 191 a).

29. St. Michael, Archangel (fol. 194 a).
Nov. i. All Saints (fol. 198 a).

ii. St. Martin (fol. 199 b).

30. St. Andrew (fol. 202 b).

March 25. Annunciation of B.V. M. 3 (fol. 77 a).
Septuagesima Sunday (fol. 78 a).
First Sunday in Lent (fol. 82 b).
First Sunday in Advent (fol. 149 b).

27. St. John the Evangelist Jo\. 159 a).

28. Holy Innocents (fol. 160 a).

i. SS. Philip and James (fol. 169 a).

Dec.

Third class ; with red initial letter not ornamented with gold, followed by one line of
black rustic capitals ornamented with patches of red and green paint :

July ii. Translation of St. Benedict (fol. iSoa).
Aug. i. St. Peter s Chains (fol. 181 a).

,, 10. St. Lawrence (fol. 184 b).

,, 24. St. Bartholomew (fol. 187 b).
Sep. 21. St. Matthew (fol. 192!)).
Oct. 28. SS. Simon and Jude (fol. 197 a).
Dec. 21. St. Thomas (fol. 2O3b).

If we leave movable feasts out of calculation, we shall find that this list corresponds, generally,
with the list of thirty-four festivals which have a capital F prefixed to them in the kalendar
in Leofric B, with the following variations :

TEX FESTIVALS SI F.CIAU.Y RANKED IN LEOFRIC B, AND NOT IN LEOFRIC A.
Jan. i. The Circumcision.
Feb. 24. St. Matthias.
Ap. 25. Lcutania maior.
June 30. St. Paul.
Aug. 29. Decoll. of St. John.

March 12.

St. Gregory.

20.

St. Cuthbert.

Ap. ii.

St. Guthlac.

May 26.

St. Augustine.

Nov. 23.

St. Clement.

1 The first line in large gold uncials probably marks the
opening page of the Proprium Sanctorum.

2 The initial letter here belongs to the first class, and is
followed by a line of large black uncials, ornamented with

red and green patches, and then by a line of rustic capitals tion in Bod. fol. 57 b.

similarly ornamented. This treatment marks special regard
for St. Peter, but does not quite elevate his festival into the
first class.

The Annunciation is treated without exceptional ornamenta-

e 2

XXXVI

Introduction.

Two FESTIVALS SPECIALLY RANKED IN LEOFRIC A, AND NOT IN LEOFRIC B.
July ii. Translation of St. Benedict. | Aug. i. St. Peter s Chains.

1 8. Additions in a later hand to A. Apart from the somewhat extensive interpolations,
of whole pages and passages of Leofric C in Leofric A 1 , the following must be noted as not
part of the original Sacramentary, but as added or altered by various English scribes after A
had been brought by Leofric into this country.

1. The marginal entries of Epistles and Gospels. These have been entered sometimes before,
sometimes after, the rest of the catchwords, never in their proper place. Sometimes they are
omitted altogether.

2. The marginal entries of the Sequences in the few cases where they occur, as in the

Feriae post Pascha.

3. The Alleluias placed between the Epistle and Gospel in some of the Missae in Easter-Tide.

4. The whole of the marginal entries on fols. 76 a, 77 a, ii2b, 113 a, 123 b, 129 b, 149 a, and
from fol. 204 a (inclusive).

5. Certain alterations in the text of the Bcncdictio Cerei on fol. mab.

19. Rubrics and Titles in. A. There is no Ordinarium Missrc 2 , and there are no Rubrics
in the Canon of the Mass ; nor in the more strictly eucharistic portions of the Sacramentary ;
but Rubrics of some length and importance are placed to regulate the ceremonial observances
of Ash Wednesday, Holy Week, etc., and in the Agenda Mortuorum, and other offices which occur
at the conclusion of the Missx Votivx. They arc written in red, very rarely in black, ink. Some
times they are rather paragraphs giving information than Rubrics, as in the case of the IV. Coronati

(fol. I98b).

The titles of Miss;e, and of their constituent parts, are written in rustic capitals, except from fol.
262-278 b (inclusive), where uncial letters are substituted. They are written throughout in red ink.

With regard to their nomenclature, the first Collect is mostly untitlcd, but the headings
Ad missam and Collecta are employed very rarely. Sccrcta is more frequently used than
Super oblata; Ad complendum more frequently than Postcommunio ; In fractione as fre
quently as Infra actioncm; but the two latter titles arc very apt to get confused, and it may
be doubted whether In fractione, both here and elsewhere, is not always due to a clerical error.

20. Comparison of Leofric A with other copies of the Gregorian Sacramentary, and with

later Missals.

The result of a comparison of Leofric A with other Sacramcntaries is that of the 318 Masses
which it contains, 264 have been found wholly or partially in the Codex Vaticanus published
by Muratori, and of the remaining 54 Masses the following 15 have been found in the Codex
S. Eligii, as published by Menard :! .

Thursday after Pentecost 113

Twentieth Sunday after Pentecost 124

Twenty- second 124

Twenty- third ,, ,, 125

Twenty-fifth 126

Page.

St. Bartholomew 156

Vigil of St. Matthew 160

St. Matthew 161

Vigil of SS. Simon and Jude 164

SS. Simon and Jude 164

St. Matthias 138 Vigil of All Saints 165

Invention of the Cross 141 All Saints ... 165

St. James 15

The following twenty Missae have been found in the Gelasian Sacramentary, as published
by Muratori 4 :

1 See Table on page xxvii. indicated for use, and not the Creed.

2 But there are indications of one in the Office in Dedicatione 3 Migne, Bib. Pat. Lat. vol. Ixxviii.

Basilicse noua: on fol. 281 b, where the Gloria in Excelsis is * A considerable number of Gelasian Collects are introduced

Introduction.

XXXVll

Page.

Jan. i. The Circumcision 66

5- Vigil of Epiphany 66

13. Octave of Epiphany (part) 68

Saturday after Ash-Wednesday 75

In Pascha Annotina 105

Vigil of Ascension 108

Octave of Pentecost ... 114

Jan. 19. SS. Maria and Martha 135

,, 23. SS. Emerentianus and Macharius 136

Feb. 16. St. Juliana 138

150

Page.

May 12. SS. Nereus, Achilleus, etc 142

June 12. SS. Basil ides, Cyrinus, etc 144

15. St.Vitus I44

July 29. SS. Simplicius, Faustinus, etc.
Aug. 7. St. Donatus

17. Octave of St. Lawrence X r-

Sep. 9. St. Gorgonius ... j ^

,, 14. Exaltation of the Cross I^Q

In sterilitate terrre jg^

Pro defuncto sacerdote 105

The following nineteen Missne are of more miscellaneous and (to the editor) mostly un
known origin :

March 12.
21.
May 1 8.
July ii.
Sep. 30.
Oct. 9.

Probably composed by Alcuin.

Day or Object. Page. Source.

Vigil of Feasts of B.V.M 70.

St. Gregory (part) I 39 .

Deposition of St. Benedict 139.

St. Mark, Evang 143.

Translation of St. Benedict 149.

St. Jerome 162.

SS. Dionysius, Rusticus, etc ... 163.

For tears !86.

Proper of Monks 186.

For a living friend 10,0.

For a penitent 190.

For all the faithful living 191.

For the health of the living or repose of the dead ... 191.

A General Mass 192.

For the very sick 194.

For the departed on the day of his death 195.

For a woman departed 106.

In points where the arrangement of ancient MSS. varies, or where readings differ, Leofric A
follows the Codex Othobonianus (O), generally agreeing with it as against the Codex Vati-
canus ii. (V).

The following are among the more important illustrations of such agreements and differ
ences :

(a) Leofric A contains over 200 proper prefaces, most of which are to be found in O.
Here, as in Bod. and E, they are borrowed from a Gallican source. The Roman Sacramentary
in its Gregorian form, of which in this respect V is a sample, contained only eight such prefaces .

(b) It contains a large number of the triple episcopal benedictions which, according to the
custom of the ancient churches of Gaul and Spain, were pronounced by the bishop after the
Lord s Prayer and before the Communion. These did not form part of the Roman rite, and
are not found in V. Where they are found, as here and in Bod. and E, they are importations
from a Gallican source 2 .

(c) The opening words of the Introit and its Psalmus, the Gradual (or Tract) with its Verses.
the Offertorium, and the Communio are written prima manu on the margin. Those of the
Epistle and Gospel and Sequences were added afterwards. This unusual arrangement is also
found in O (but without the Psalmus and Versus), and in Codex Theodericensis, i. Its object is

in an isolated way, as Orationes super populum, in the Sundays
after Pentecost, and in the Pontifical Offices which form the latter
part of A.

1 Viz. two for Christmas Day, V. p. 8-10, and one for each
of these Festivals: Epiphany (p. 16), Easter (p. 66), Ascension
Da Y (P- 85), Pentecost (p. 89), St. Peter s Day (p. 102), St.
Andrew s Day (p. 131). Seventy- two more Prefaces were written

at the close of V. by its Gallican scribe by way of appendix.
Murat. Lit. Rom. Vet. ii. 274.

2 They were also contained in separate volumes, hence called
Benedictionals. Full information on the subject is given in the
Introduction to J. Gage s edition of the Benedictional of St.
^Ethelwold. Scudamore, W. E., Notit. Eucharist., second edition,
p. 662.

XXXVlll

Introduction.

not obvious. They are the parts of the mass which were sung by the choir, or which were
read by the deacon and subdcacon at High Mass, and which were usually contained in the
separate volumes known as the Antiphonarium, Epistolarium, and Evangeliarium. The priest
was not bound then, as now, to repeat them privately, and if he was so bound, the mere catch
words would have been insufficient for the purpose, unless he was endowed with almost superhuman
powers of memory. They are possibly handy references to the various volumes in which those
parts of the service, which are printed in cxtcnso in the modern Missale Plcnarium, were then
separately contained.

(d) In many important variae lectioncs, where the text differs from V, it is found to agree
with O, e. g. within the canon, Et antistite nostro .ill. et omnibus orthodoxis atque catholicse
et apostolicjE fidci cultoribus (fol. 62 a). Pro quibus tibi offerimus vcl (fol. 62 b). Other less
important examples will be found on foil. 63^ 64ab, 72 a, 107 a, io8b, in ab, ii3b, n8b, i58ab,

190 b, 196 a, etc.

A comparison of Leofric A with the Roman and Sarum Missals has been carried out
only as far as the Missre Dominicalcs and the Proprium Sanctorum arc concerned. The
minutiae would occupy too much space to print, but the result may be approximately summed

up thus :

Of entire Missre, one is retained in R only, six are retained in S only, fourteen arc

represented in neither R nor S.

As Roman Missal.
June 9, SS. Primi et Feliciani.

As Sariim Missal.

In vigilia ascensionis.
Dorii. xxvi. Pentec.
Feb. 16. S. luliance.
June i. S. Nicomedis.

July 2. SS. Processi et Mart.

Nov. 8. IV Coronatorum.

As neither.

Jan. 23.

S. Emerentiani.

] une 24.

S. loan. Kapt. (Missa i).

July 11.

Trans. S. Benedicti.

Aug. 6.

S. Sixti.

> 7-

S. Donati.

22.

S. Timothei.

28.

S. Ilermetis.

Sep. 9.

S. Gorgonii.

u.

S. Proti.

15-

S. Nicomedis (Of. Com. as R.).

1 6.

S. Lucioc.

Oct. 7.

S. Marci (Of. Com. as R.).

18-

S. LUCK (Of. as R.).

Nov. 24.

S. Chrysogoni.

An examination of the constituent portions of the remaining Missae which occur in
Leofric A, as well as in R and S, produces the result that in

60 cases Leofric A agrees with R as against S.

n5 S

203 ,, differs from both R and S.

21. Date of Leofric A.

It is almost superfluous to call attention to the Missa in natale S. Gregorii Papa? (March 12,
p. 139); and to the wording of a Collect on p. 229, where St. Gregory s prayers are
indirectly besought on behalf of a barren woman, as proving that here, as in other MSS., we
have not got the Gregorian Sacramentary in its original condition.

The combined weight of the following considerations, some pointing to a very early,
others to a later date, proves that it cannot have been written earlier than the second half of

Jntrotmctfon.

XXXIX

the ninth century, and points to the soundness of the conclusion, which, chiefly on palaeographical
considerations,, assigns it to the first half of the tenth century 1 .

(a) The arrangement of the seven opening Missae Votive for the seven days of the week,
p. 176. The votive Mass de Sancta Trinitate and the six following Masses were compiled by
Alcuin (f 804) and assigned by him to the different days of the week. There is a slight
variation in the wording of their titles and in the order in which they occur in early Missals,
as may be seen by the following Table :

DieDom.
For. ii.
Fer. iii.

Fer. iv.

Fer. v.
Fer. vi.
Sab.

Alcuini Liber Sacramentorum.
Migne, Pat. Lat. ci. 446.

A.

De sancta Trinitate.

Pro peccatis.

Ad postulanda angelica suffragia.

De sancta sapientia.

De charitate.
De sancta cruce.
De sancta Maria.

Id.

De sancta sapientia.
De sancta caritate.

De cordis emundatione perSpiritum
sanctum postulanda.

Ad angelorum suffragia postulanda.
In honore sanctoc crucis.
In honorem sancta; Marice.

Bod.

Id.

De sapientia.

DC postulando dono Spiritus sancti

Ad postulanda angelica suffragia.

De caritate.

De cruce.

De sancta Maria.

(b) The separate commemoration of the Apostles. Till the eighth century, they were jointly
commemorated on June 29, in the West, and on June 30, in the East of Christendom 2 . Hence
there is a good deal of uncertainty and variety in the wording, etc. of these Missae. A trace
of this older arrangement might seem to be found in the title written for July 6, In octauis
Apostolorum (p. 149), but the Collect refers only to St. Peter and St. Paul.

(c] The presence of the following Octaves and Vigils :

OCTAVES (6).

Jan. i. Of Christmas Day.
13. the Epiphany.

,, Faster Day (p. 103).
Pentecost (p. 114).
July 6. the Apostles.
Aug. 17. St. Lawrence.

VIGILS FOR THE COMMON oi< SAINTS (3).

Of one Apostle (p. 170).
Martyrs (p. 171).
Confessors (p. 172).

VIGILS (14).

Dec. 24. Of Christmas Day.
Jan. 5. the Epiphany.

the Feasts of St. Mary (p. 70).
Easter Day (p. 98).
Ascension Day (p. 108).
,, Pentecost (p. no).
June 23. St. John Baptist.

28. SS. Peter and Paul.
Aug. 9. ,, St. Lawrence.

15. ,, Assumption of the B.V. M.
Sep. 20. St. Matthew.
Oct. 27. SS. Simon and Jude.

,, 30. ,, All Saints.
Nov. 29. St. Andrew.

The octave of no festival other than Christmas, Easter, and Pentecost was universal in the
first eight centuries. The octaves of Saints Days are spoken of as unsettled by Amalarius,
t8i5 3 - The vigil of the festival of the Assumption (together with its octave) was ordered to
be kept by Leo IV, in 847.

(d} The presence within the canon of the late clause, Pro quibus tibi offerimus vel (p. 60).
(e) The absence of a Dominica or * Festum Sanctse Trinitatis, the institution of which is
assigned to Alexander III (1159-81).

1 Professor Westwood says, Middle of the ninth or first half of the tenth century. Facsimiles of the Miniatures, etc. p. 99.
* Smith, W., Diet, of Christ. Antiq. i. 109. 3 De Eccles. Offic. iv. 36.

xl Introduction.

(/) The absence of all Sequences ; the few which do occur having been added by a later hand.
Their invention is attributed to Notker, a monk of St. Gall, f9ii, and they began to make
their appearance in Sacramentaries in the tenth century.

() The allusion to diptychs in a Missa Generalis pro uiuis et defunctis :
Et animas famulorum famularumque tuarum, omnium uidelicet fidclium catholicorum
orthodoxorum, quorum commemorationem agimus, et quorum corpora circum quaquc requiescent,
uel quorum noniina ante sanctum altarc tuum script a adcssc uidcntur, electorum tuorum iungere
digneris consortio (p. 192). The phrase is repeated in the following Secreta 1 .
(//) The retention of certain early forms of nomenclature :

i. The title of Octauis Domini instead of Circumcisio Domini, for June i. The

latter title is used in V> (p. 23).
ii. The inverted enumeration of the Sundays in Advent, beginning with Ebdomada iv,

ante natale Domini,
iii. The title Domiuica uacat for the Sunday after the sabbatum in xii. Lectionibus

(pp. 79, 129).

iv. Pascha Annotina (p. 105, q. v.).

(/) The Invocation of several eighth -century saints in the Litany on pp. 209-1 o, the latest
of them being St. Opportuna, abbess of Seez in Normandy, t 769.

Monastic cJiaractcr of Lcofric A. Like other Sacramentaries, Leofric A seems to be monastic
in its origin, and to have been written in the scriptorium, and first used at the altar of a Bene
dictine monastery.

This may be inferred from the Missa monachorum propria (fol. 22 7 b), which a later English
hand has specialized and appropriated by inserting in the Collect the words Et sancto Benedicto
confessore tuo, and by writing an additional Collect on the margin, in which the name of
the same saint is introduced.

There arc two festivals connected with St. Benedict s name,

xii. Kal. Apr. Depositio St. Bcncdicti, Abbatis (p. 139).
v. Id. I ul. Translatio St. Bcnedicti Abbatis (p. 149).
The latter being distinguished as one of the festivals of the third class (p. xxxv.)

There are also a considerable number of monastic saints invoked in the Litany on fol. 266 a.
(p. 209).

22. Locality of Lcofric A. The Roman stations arc. as usual, entered, and preserve a proof
of its Gregorian or Roman origin. Such stations as Ad sanctam mariam trans Tibcrim (p. 80),
Ad pontem Molbi (p. 107), Ad sanctam mariam maiorem (p. 128)., etc., can only point to
one locality. But the copy was written in Erance and contains many Gallican additions,
and exhibits many signs of Gallican influence. The character of the handwriting and of the
ornamentation, as already described 2 , would be alone sufficient to establish its non-Anglican origin.
An approximation to the French style is said to be occasionally found in tenth-century English
documents, as in the Charter of Eadgar for a new minster at Winchester. A.D. 960, but even here
the lengthened letters e, f, g. r, s, w, unmistakably betray an English scribe :! . In the present MS. a
contrast is constantly afforded between the two styles, by the additions of the Epistles and Gospels,
and occasionally Sequences, on the margin by a later English hand, and by small alterations,
as on fol. iSyb, where quite a different r has been written by an Anglo-Saxon hand over the
word sacis, from which it had been accidentally omitted by the original scribe. But., apart

1 A beata: predestinationis liber" is mentioned in a Secreta on fol. 2375. 2 Page xxxiv.

J Facsimiles of Charters, part iii. no. 22.

Introduction.

from palaeographical considerations, the following indications of French influence or origin are
to be noted :

(a) The numerous Episcopal Benedictions, which are not an original part of the Roman
Liturgy.

(b) In the long Litany which occurs on p. 209, the following French saints are invoked ;
such French saints as St. Hilary and St. Martin, whose names are of too general occurrence
in the Kalendars and Litanies of Western countries for any localization to be based upon their
presence, are omitted here.

At the end of the list of fifty-four martyrs :

Lamhertus.
Ragnulfus (Ranulfus).
Salvius.
Justus.

Bishop of Maestricht.

Bishop in Artois.

Bishop of Amiens.

Martyr in Artois, in the diocese of Arras.

Dale in Kalendar.

Obit.

Sep. 17.

t 79-

May 27.

t c. 700.

Jan. ii.

t c. 615.

Oct. 1 8.

Uncertain.

At the end of the list of fifty-one confessors :-

Remigius.

Vedastus.

Bishop of Rheims.

First Bishop of Arras and Cambray.

Oct. i.
Feb. 6.

t c. 532.
t c. 540.

(Vedastus is the only name in the Litany which is written in rust