tebote ten Mea gia Poute Me ¢ v an ‘ my ne 7 aor, " a a A ie vat n i on ‘tie, ta : toy m Pein nN : ‘ a I Ui itm ete an ' e P } p ¥ ‘i. ” i Poca ahi ia: a a 4 Le pai it avatar ibs 4 : Tiana _ eae | | Tr wrk ce are Pi Cf in? OYE Aa ; soe Ped ; , O oot MONOGRAPH OF THE GENUS HELICINA. Char. Gen. Molluscum terrestre; testa spirali, sub-globosa ; anfractibus quatuor ad sex; columella brevi; aperture margine interno sub-recto, margine externo plus minusve incrassato, reflexo. Operculo concentrico, semi-lunari vel sub-quadrato, nucleo centrali. This genus consists of heliciform Jand shells, with from four to six whorls, having the inner margin of the aperture nearly straight, and the outer lip generally thickened and more or less reflected. The operculum is concentric, having the nucleus near the centre, and of a semi-lunar or sub-quadrated form. The greater part are brought from the West Indies, many from South America, particularly Brazil, and a few from North America. Several new and interesting species have been lately brought from the Philippine Islands by Mr. Cuming. No species has yet been found in Europe. The species vary in form from the rounded globe to the depressed lens, and the whorls are either rounded or angular in the centre, generally smooth, more rarely ribbed in either direction. The inner lip is sometimes thickened near the colu- mella, which is short, terminating sometimes in an angle, and sometimes in a point, with an incision behind it in the outer lip, and sometimes it is confluent with the outer lp. In attempting to arrange the various species according to their affinities with each other, it was found impossible to divide them into sections by any fixed and undeviating rule; in the following arrangement, therefore, we have been content to place together those species which most nearly resemble each other in groups, which may be imperfectly defined in the following manner :— Sec. 1. Lip thickened, sinuous, depressed at the base of the columella. H. Aurantia, Jamaicensis, heemastoma, depressa, Aureola, stria- tula, solidula, Maugeriz. Sec. 2. Shell thick, sub-angulated ; a notch at the base of the columella. H. Sagra, sub-marginata, pulcherrima, festiva. Sec. 3, Shell more globose, thinner, notch deeper. H. major, Brownii, dentigera, hispida, minima, 2 Sec. 4. Spirally ribbed or striated ; outer lip diffuse; columella flat- tened or concave. H. pulchella, Tankervillii, virginea, globosa, costata. Sec. 5. Globose; outer lip confluent with the columella; inner lip thin. H. zonata, lutea, variegata, neritella, picta, variabilis, Antil- larum, occidentalis. Guadaloupensis, maculata, polita, similis, parva, globulosa, maxima, ambeliana, Zephyrina, pellucida, flavida. Sec. 6. Columella as in Sec. 5; shell pyramidal. H. Trochulina, conica, elongata, elegans, rupestris, Sloanii. Sec. 7. Shell carinated ; outer lip confluent with the columella. H. acutissima, Trochiformis, Oxystoma, Carocolla, aggluti- nans, Lazarus, viridis, candeana, carinata, Rotella, pilosa. Sec. 8. Shell depressed; columella angulated. H. Rhodostoma, angulata, fulva, Brasiliensis, sylvatica, oresi- gena. Sec. 9. Shell horny ; columella rather angulated, or slightly notched ; cuter lip scarcely thickened. H. orbiculata, cornea, castanea, nitida, rotunda, minuta, vestita, rugosa. DESCRIPTIONS. Sec. 1. Lip thickened, sinuous, depressed at the base of the columella. Sp. l. H.aurantra,(pl.i. f. 1, 2.) Gray, Zool. Journ. i. p. 69. Testa globosd, levi; labio externo reflexo, crasso, in medio sub-expanso, postice et antice depresso; labio interno crasso, ex- panso; columella lata complanata. The peritreme of this globular shell is generally of a light orange colour; it is thick, and the outer lip is depressed above, and at its union with the columella, which is broad and flattened. Jamaica. 2. H. Jamaicensis, (pl. i. f. 3, 4.) nobis. T. H. aurantie simillimaé, sed magis conica, et magis tenui ; peritremate pallidiore, minis incrassato. More conical than the last, with the edge of the aperture thinner, It may be only a variety. 3. H. nwemastoma, (pl.i. f. 5, 6. pl. iii, f. 98.) Moricand. Mem. Coq. terr. et. fluv. de Bahia. T’. H. aurantize simili, sed anfractibus superné striatis; colu- mella sub-angulata. Our first two figures of this shell were copied from those given 3 by Moricand, but subsequently the kindness of Mr, Cuming en- abled us to give f. 98. which is froma specimen. The species differs from H. aurantia in being slightly angulated at the colu- mella and in not having the inner lip spread over the body whorl. Antilles. 4, H. perressa, (pl. i. f. 47.) Gray, Zool. Journ. i. p. 70. T. alba, levi, depressd, tenui; apertura transversim elongata; columella triangulari; labio externo depresso, supra infraque sub- dentato. White, smooth, depressed, thin; with a triangular columella ; the outer lip thickened and sinuated above and below. 5. H. aureona. (pl. i. f. 44, 45, 46.) Gray. Zool. Journ. i. p. 70. T. globosi, minuté spiraliter striata; apertura sub-quadrata, marginé lato, supra infraque unidentato, Shell globular, finely striated, with the aperture rather square, and the edge broad, with a tooth above and below; the last whorl contracted near the margin. Jamaica. 6. H. srararuta. (pl. i. f. 43.) Sow. Jun. Zool. Proc. 1842. T. sub-depress, concentricé sub-striata, fulvo-rufescente, aper- turd sub-quadrata, margine albo, crasso, reflexo, integro, sub- sinuato, posticé sub-depresso. A concentrically striated, sub-depressed shell, placed next to H. aureola on account of the margin being slightly bending and de- pressed, above and below. Martinique. 7. H. sourvuta. (pl. ii. f. 52, 53, 54.) Gray. Beech. App. T. crassa, depresso-conica; anfractibus carinatis; labio interno calloso, externo crasso, prope columellam sub-coarctato. Thick, conical, depressed; whorls with a central keel ; inner lip thickened; outer lip thick, slightly contracted near the columella. 8, H. maveuria#, (pl. ii. f. 55.) Gray. Beech. App. T. crassa, depress; anfractibus uni-carinatis; labio interno crasso, magno; columella angustata; labio externo crasso, supra infraque sub-emarginato. Thick, depressed ; whorls angular and keeled ; inner lip thick, columella terminating in a point; outer lip thick, slightly emargi- nated above and below, prominent in the centre. Sec, 2. Shell thick, sub-angulated, a notch at the base of the columella. 9. H. Sacra. (pl. i. f. 10. pl. iii. f. 126.) D’Orb. Moll. Cub. p. 240. T. crassd, conoideda, subcompressa, concentrice sub- striata; apertura subtriangulari, labio externo vix reflexo; prope columellam sub-emarginato; labio interno expanso, calloso, colu- mela sub-complanata, acuminata; epidermide fusca ,viridescente. Shell thick, conical, depressed, with the whorls angulated, the aperture rather triangular, the outer lip scarcely reflected, thickened within, inner lip thickened and spread widely over the under part of the last whorl. Cuba. 10. H. sus-marq@inata, (pl. iii. f. 123 and 137.) Gray, Zool. B2 4 Journ. i. 68. H. rubra, Pfeiffer. crassa, D’Orb. Moll. Cub. p. 243. T. Sagree simili, sed magis depressd, anfractu ultimo mino1i, magis rotundato. Smaller and more globose than the last, with the last whork smaller in proportion and less angulated, probably however only a variety of H. Sagra. Cuba. 1]. H. putcnuerrma, Lea. (pl. i. f. 14.) Lea. obs. T. H. Sagree simili,sed magis globosa, striis concentricis regula- ribus, distinctis. Rather lighter and much more globose than the last, with the strize distinct and regular. 12. H. Festiva. (pl. i. f. 9.) Gray. Beech. App. T. H. Sagrze simili, sed concentricé lirata, interstitiis rubro- lineatis. Shaped like Helicina Sagra, but concentrically grooved, with the interstices coloured red. The figure is taken from Beechey’s Appendix; we are inclined to think it over-coloured. Sec. 3. Shell more globose, thinner, notch deeper. "13. H. masor. (pl. i. f. 12, 13.) Gray. Zool. Journ. i. 68. T. globosa, leevi, sub-tenui, anfractu ultimo magno; apertura semilunari; labio externo reflexo, expanso; prope columellam valdé emarginato; labio interno subtus leviter calloso; columella parva; operculo caleareo. Shell rather thin, globose, the last whorl large, aperture semi- lunar, outer lip reflected, expanded, with a deep notch at the termi- nation of the columella, inner lip expanded, slightly callous under- neath, operculum shelly. 14, H. Brownn. (pl. i. f 7,8.) T. globosa, tenui, anfractu ultimo magno; apertura semi-lunari; labio externo reflexo, paululum expanso; prope columellam incisura elongata; labio interno prope columellam sub-calloso; columella obliqua, acuta. Globose, thin, shaped like H. major, but differing from that and all other species in the deep elongated incision at the base of the columella. 15, H. pentreera. (pl. ii. f. 107, 108.) D’Orb. Moll. Cuba. p. 293. T. globosa sub-depressa, alba, labio externo paululum reflexo prope columellam emarginato; labio interno tenui; columella pro- ducta, acuta, dentem efformante. A. small white shell, shaped like the two last, with the outer lip slightly reflected and the notch as in H. major. Cuba. 16. H. nispipa. (pl. iii. f. 112, 113.) Pfeiffer. Weig. Arch. fiir Natiirgesch, Band. i. 1839. T. globuloso-depressé, tenui, rufa, hispida; anfractibus 4 con- vexiusculis; callo columellari tenui; angulo columellari dentem efformante; labro crassiusculo juxta dextram acuté inciso; apertura semi-lunari. 5 It is difficult to distinguish this from H. dentigera, the surface, however, is rather rougher, and the outer lip is scarcely reflected. Matanzas. 17. H. minima. (pl. ii. f. 119.) D’Orb Moll. Cub. p. 240. T. minuta, H. dentigerz simili, emarginatione minus valida. A minute shell, somewhat resembling the H. dentigera in shape, but the last whorl larger in proportion, and the notch less distinct. Cuba. Sec. 4. Spirally ribbed or striated, outer lip diffuse, columella flattened or concave. 18. H. putcHe a. (pl. i. f. 15, 16.) Gray, Zool. Journ. i. 64. T. conica, sub-angulata, spiraliter costata; costis distantibus, rugosis; labio externo expanso, reflexo; columella lata, complanata. Conical, rather angulated, with rugose, distant ribs, in a spiral direction, with the outer lip expanded, reflected and confluent with the columella; columelJa broad, flattened. 19. H. Tankervinun. (pl. i. f. 17.) Gray, Zool. Journ, i. 250. T. H. pulchellz simillima; sed majori; carina interrupta, in medio anfractuum ornata. Very much like H. pulchella, but larger, with an interrupted keel, in the middle of the whorls. 20. H. vireinea. (pl. i. f. 18. and pl. iii. f. 114.) Lea. Obs. T. H. pulchellze simili. sed crassiori, costis magis numerosis ; columella concava. Differing from H. pulchella in being thicker, having the ribs closer and more numerous, the outer lip less expanded above, and the columella rather hollow. 21. H. Groposa. (pl. i. f. 24.) Gray Beech. App. T. forma H. virginev simili, anfractibus supra costatis infra le vibus. In this species, the upper part of the whorls only are ribbed, the outer lip is less expanded, and the upper part of the whorl more elevated than in H. virginea. 22. H. cosrata. (pl. i. f. 20.) Gray Zool. Journ. i. 66 T. minuta, H. virginee simili, sed costis paucis; columella angustiori; labio externo vix expanso. A minute shell, resembling H. virginea in shape, but with the ribs larger and fewer in proportion, the outer lip scarcely expanded and the columella narrower. Sec. 5. Globose ; outer lip confluent with the columella ; inner lip thin. 23. H. zonara. (pl. ii. f. 62, 63, 64.) H. fasciata, H. flava, Spix; H. variabilis, Wagner. T. conica, sub-rhomboidea, leviter spiraliter costata; anfractibus angulatis, unicarinatis,; carina altera, plus minusve distincta infra angulum ; apertura sub-quadrata; labio externo expanso, superné depresso in medio attenuato, ad columellam sub-angustato, 6 Conical, obscurely ribbed on the upper part of the whorls, withs blunt keel on the angle, and another more or less distinct below; outer lip expanded in the centre and lower part, confluent with the columella, operculum horny. Of the synonyms quoted above, fasciata and variabilis were pre-occupied, flava was given to one of the varieties on the supposition of its being a distinct species, and on that account is thought unsuitable. Common in woods, upon trees and green leaves, in Bahia. 24. H. urea. (pl. ii. f. 59. and pl. iii. f. 142.) T. globosa, sub-angulata, levi; labio externo paululum expanso, vix incrassato; labio interno leviter incrassato. Resembling the last in general form, but smooth, with the outer lip searcely reflected ; the inner lip slightly thickened ; the colour varies from light yellow to dark brown, operculum horny. Antilles. 25. H. apspersa. (pl. iii. f. 103, 115, 124, 125.) Pfeiffer. Wieg. Arch, fiir Natiirgeshichte. Band i. 1839. H_ variegata, D’Orb. Moll. Cub. p. 242. var. H. ornata, Fer. marmorata, D’Orb. T. globosd, levi; anfractibus rotundatis; prope suturam elevatis; apertura semi-lunari; labio externo expanso, postice depresso; columella parva. Globose, smooth ; whorls round, elevated near the suture ; aperture semi-lunar; outer lip expanded, the upper part de- pressed; columella small. Varieties occur as follows,—yellow, yellow banded with brown, brownish white with broad brown bands, brownish white with brown bands and spots between; the last variety being named picta by Pfeiffer. Callajabas, Cuba, Matanzas. 26. H. NERITELLA. (pl. ii. f. 72 to 75.) Lamarck. Gray Zool. Journ. T. H. variegatz simili, sed magis depressa; anfractibus minus distinctis; labio externo magis expanso et reflexo, This shell resembles the last; it, however, is more compressed, the upper part of the whorls are less elevated, the outer lip and columella more flattened and expanded. West Indies. 27. H. pica. (pl. ii. f. 56. and pl. iii. f. 140, 141.) Ferussac. Fasciata, Lamarck ? T. depressa, leevi; anfractu ultimo magno; labio externo sub- expanso; columella obliqua, confluenti. Depressed, smooth, with the last whorl large; the outer lip rather expanded and obliquely confluent with the columella. Co- lours varying, but generally arranged in bands. ‘This is the shell which Gray has figured as H. fasciata, Lam. Its identity, how- ever, appearing doubtful, we have applied the name given by De Ferussac. Martinique and Jamaica. 28. H. varraniuis. (pl. ii. f. 57, 58, and pl. iii. 106, 109, 129.) Guild. Zool. Journ. T. H .picr® simili, sed anfractu ultimo minori. é The principal difference between this and the last species, is, that the whorls increase more gradually in size, the outer lip is also generally more thickened on the outside; the colours of this species vary considerably and are arranged in bands as in the last. West Indies. 29. H. anritiarum. (pl. ii. f. 68, 69, 70.) T. depressé, magna, tenui, leviter striata; anfractu ultimo magno; labio interno tenui, prope columellam paululum incras- sato; columella rotundata, angustd, obtusissime angulata; labio externo expanso, reflexo, postice sub-depresso. Depressed, large, thin, very finely striated; last whorl large ; inner lip thin, swelled near the columella; columella rounded, narrow, obtusely angulated at its union with the outer lip, which is thickened, expanded, and reflected. The commonest variety is coloured with brown mottled bands on a light ground ; another variety is of a uniform light green, and a third purplish brown; in an individual of the last, a very obtuse keel is to be traced in the centre of the whorl. Antilles. 30. H. occwenraus, (pl. ii. f. 86 and 87.) Guild. Zool. Journ. iii. p. 529. T. depressa, reticulata; obsoletissime carinata; columella rotun- data; labio externo expanso, reflexo; operculo corneo. Depressed, reticulated, very obscurely carinated, or rather an- gulated ; columella rounded, passing smoothly and obliquely into the outer lip, which is expanded, reflected, and rather depressed above ; operculum horny. West Indies. 31, H. Guapatourensis. (pl. ii. f. 65, 66,) nobis. Zool. Proc. 1842. T. depressa, sub-angulata, concentricé leviter striata ; columella ad basin sub-nodos4; labio externo crasso, reflexo; anfractibus gradatim crescentibus, supra infraque sub-ventricosis; operculo fusco, corneo. This shell is rather thicker and more depressed than the last, the whorls more gradually increasing, and the outer lip less expanded. Guadaloupe and the Antilles. 32. H. macuara. pl. iii. f. 131). T. trapezoidea, sub-angulata, supra infraque conica, levi, tenui, rubro-fasciata et maculata; labio externo reflexo, sub-expanso, ad basin columellz tenui; columella sub-callosd, ad basin attenuata; operculo corneo. Several varieties of this pretty little shell were kindly commu- nicated by M. D’Orbigny, and, no name being attached to them, I have ventured to give it the above, regretting, however, that time would not allow of a previous communication with their possessor. ‘This species is more angular than the preceding, and conical above and below. There are several varieties, mottled and banded, with red or brown, on a pink or yellowish ground. South America. 8 33. H. pouira, (pl. ii. f. 76 to 81.) nobis. Zool, Proc. 1842. T’. polita, tenui, pellucida, plus minusve depressa et angulata ; anfractibus supra sub-complanatis, infra ventricosis ; labio in- terno tenui, anticé paululim inflato; columella angustata ad basin leviter angulataé; labio externo tenui, expanso, reflexo, supra angulum plus minusve depresso; operculo interné rubro, externe sub-margaritaceo. Smooth, thin, transparent, more or less depressed and angulated ; the whorls rather flattened above; rather more ventricose beneath ; inner lip thin, rather swelled near the columella ; columella narrow, rather angulated at the base; outer lip thin, expanded, reflected, more or less depressed above the angle; operculum red within, pearly without, rather square. The principal varieties in size and colour are shown in the plates. Brought by Mr. Cuming from the Philippine Islands. 34, H. srmiis. (pl. iii. f. 130.) nobis. Zool. Proc. 1842. T. forma H. polite simillima, sed magis angulata, et leviter striata. Presenting a medium between H. Guadaloupensis and H. polita, from the latter of which it differs in being lightly striated, and rather more angular. Guadaloupe. 35. H. parva. (pl. ii. f. 82.) nobis. Zool. Proc. 1842. T. H. polite simillima, sed minori, magis globosa, et labio externo vix reflexo. Between the more globose and small varieties of polita, and this shell, it is difficult to recognise the distinction, which, however consists partly in the shape, and partly in the outer lip being less reflected. Philippine Islands. 36. H.eLosutosa.(pl. iii. f.127, 128.) D’Orb. Moll, Cub. p. 294. T. globosa, levi, sub-tenui; labio externo sub-expanso, reflexo; columella acuta. Globose, smooth, rather thin; outer lip rather expanded, re- flected ; columella acute. Cuba. 37. H. maxima. (pl. i, f. ii.) Zool. Proc. 1842. T. globoso-sub-depressa, leevi, alba; apertura magna, semilunari, margine reflexo,acuto; labio interno sub-crasso; columella obtusé angulata. Rather more depressed than H. major, and the base of the colu- mella angulated instead of being notched. 38. H. amBeviana. (pl. i. f. 19, 26.) De Roissy, Guerin. Mag. Zool, Cl. v. pl. 68. T. conica, levi, spiraliter tenuissime striata; apertura semi- lunari; labio externo crasso, reflexo, rotundato; operculo corneo. Rather conical, globose, nearly smooth, with the aperture semi- lunar, and the outer lip thickened, reflected and rounded; oper- culum horny. Our shell, which has been named Texasiana and Bolanderiana, in manuscript, agrees better with the figure pub- lished in Guerin than with the accompanying description. Antilles and Texas. 9 39. H. zerpnyrina. (pl. i. f. 25, 27. pl. iii. f. 118.) Duclos Guerin Mag. Zool. T. globosa sub conica, levi, tenui; labio externo reflexo; colu- mella obliqué attenuata. Globose, rather conical, smooth, thin; outer lip reflected, colu- mella obliquely attenuated. Figure 118 is a more conical eet uba. 40. H. petxucipa. (pl, iii. f. 138.) T. H. Zephyrine simili, sed columella poene recta, sub angulata. A more transparent shell than the preceding, with the co\umella nearly straight, and joining the outer lip at an angle. French Guiana. 41. H. ruavipa. (pl. iii. f. 117, 134.) Menke, Syn. Moll. Pyri- montis 1830. p. 132. T. trochiformi, sub-crasso; labio externo crasso, reflexo, ro- tundato. A smaller shell than H. Zephyrina, with the outer lip thickened reflected, and rounded. Sec. 6. Columella like the last, shell pyramidal. 42. H. rrocuutina. (pl. iii. f. 105.) D’Orb. Moll. Cub. p. 249. T. trochiformi, sub-angulata; labio externo paululum incrassato, vix reflexo. Trochiform and slightly angulated; outer lip very slightly thickened, scarcely reflected. Cuba. 43. H. prramipauis (pl. iii. f. 104.) HH. conica. D’Orb. Moll. Cub. p. 249. T. forma H. Trochuline simili, sed majori; labio externo incras- sato, in medio sub-expanso. Larger than H. Trochulina, with the outer lip thickened, and expanded in the centre. The name given by D’Orbigny was pre- viously occupied. Cuba 44, H. evoneata. (pl. iii f. 110.) D’Orb. Moll. Cub. p. 291. T. conica, elongata, angulata, levi; apertura semi-lunari; labio externo laté expanso, in medio producto, ad basin columelle an- gustato; operculo corneo. Another conical species, longer than the last. The outer lip is expanded and broad, particularly in the centre, where it is bent forwards; near the columella it is extremely thin. The shelly operculum fits on the margin of the aperture. Cuba. 45. H. conica. (pl. iti. f. 101.) Pfeiffer. Wiegmann Archiv fir Naturgesch. Band i. 1839. H. elegans, D’Orb. Moll. Cub. p. 290. *“T conica, acuminata, subtus convexiuscula, pallide rufa; anfr. 6 planiusculis, spiraliter confertim striatis; ultimo spiram sub- zequante, ad basin sub-angulato; callo columellari angusto; labio albo, expanso, acuto; apertura integra, sub-triangulari.’”” Oper- culo testaceo, pallido. Conical, very finely striated in both directions; whorls nearly 10 round; outer lip widely expanded, flat, narrow at the base of the columella. Matanzas, Cuba. 46. H. rupesrris (pl. iii. f. 120.) Pfeiffer. Wiegmann Arch. fiir Naturgesh. Band i. 1839. * T. conica, subtus convexiuscula, vitrea, spiraliter striata; an- fract, 5 disjunctis, ultimis sub-angulatis ; callo columellari obsoleto ; apertura integra, ovata.’’ Operculotenuissimo, flavo. A small yellow conical shell, slightly striated in both directions, the aperture somewhat square, the outer lip scarcely reflected, and the operculum fitting to the margin. Matanzas. 47. H. stoanu. (pl. iii, f. 102.) D’Orb, Moll. Cub. p. 248. T. trochiformi, angulata, sub-carinata ; striis spiralibus, distanti- bus, cincta, labio externo reflexo; operculo corneo. Trochiform, angulated, with an obtuse keel in the centre of the whorls, and distant, spiral strie; outer lip reflected; operculum horny. Cuba. Sec. 7. Shell carinated, outer lip confluent with the columella. 48. H. acurissma (pl. il. f. 92 to 95, and pl. ili. f. 133.) nobis, Zool. Proc. 1842. T. plus minusve depressa, concentricé leviter striata, angulari, acutissime carinata; infraangulum paululum complanata; apertura triangulari; labio interno tenuissimo; columella sub-complanata ; ad basin sub-undata; labio externo acuto, validé reflexo, expanso, supra angulum sub-depresso. More or less depressed, concentrically and finely striated, angu- lar, very sharply keeled, rather flattened under the angle; aperture triangular; inner lip very thin; columella rather flattened, rather undulated at the base; outer lip sharp, widely reflected and ex- panded, above the angle rather depressed. Varies much in colour, as will be seen in the figures. Brought by H. Cuming from the Philippine Islands. 49, H. Trocuirormis. (pl. ii. f. 90.) nobis, Zool. Proc, 1842. T. lutea, Helicinz acutissimze simillima, sed spira altiori. It differs from acutissima in being more conical. Found on the leaves of palms, or on mountains in the Isle of Negros by H. Cuming. 50. H. Oxysroma. (pl. iii. f. 139.) Gray, Beech, App. T. H. acutissime simili, sed crassiori; labio interno valido. Not having seen the shell, we are uncertain of its distinctness ; it appears from the figure, however, to be more solid and more distinctly conical than H. acutissima, with the inner lip thickened. Bahia. 51. H. Carocota. (pi. ii. f. 88, 89.) Moricand. Mem. Coq. terr. et fluy. T. depressd, conica, tenuissimé decussata; anfractibus angu- latis, in medio carinatis, supra et infra paululum inflatis; apertura sub-trapezoidali; columella sub-callosa; labio externo yalide ex- panso, reflexo, in medio sub-attenuato. il Depressed, conical, finely striated in both directions ; whorls angulated, with a keel in the middle, above and below which they are slightly rounded ; aperture rather trapezoidal; columella slightly callous, making a rounded outline at its union with the outer lip; outer lip much expanded, strongly reflected, and lengthened at the angle. Almada. 52. H. accuutinans, (pl. ii. f. 83, 84, 85.) nobis, Zool. Proc. 1842. T. depress4, angulata, obtusé carinata, supra infraque eequaliter convexa, minuté concentricé striata, apertura quadrilaterali ; labio interno tenuissimo; columella triangulari, complanata, sub-umbi- licata, ad basin obtusé angulaté; labio externo effuso, reflexo, postice leviter depresso; operculo sub-crasso, irregulariter quadri- laterali; epidermide aliquando, per adhesionem rupium particularum in carinam latam preeruptam producta. This shell is found on rocks, the decomposed particles of which are agglutinated to the epidermis in some specimens so as to form a broken keel on the angle of the whorls. Found by Mr. H. Cuming in the Philippine Islands. 53. H. Lazarus. (pl. ii. f. 91.) nobis. Zool. Proc. 1842. T. H. agglutinanti simillima, sed magis elevata, columella angustiori. Very much like H. agglutinans, but more elevated and the columella narrowed. Taken on the leaves of palms by Mr. Cuming in the island of Luzon, Philippines. 54. H. viripis. (pl. ii. f. 67.) Lam. Hist. Nat. vi. 103. T. levi, tenui; anfractibus angulatis, carinatis, supra et infra rotundatis ; labio externo tenui, expanso; columella sub-callosa. Our figure is taken from the Zoological Journal. The specimen cannot now be found. 55. H. canpeana. (pl. iii. f. 97, 99.) D’Orb, Moll. Am. Mer. No. 17. T. depressd, levi; anfractibus angulatis in medio valde cari- natis; labio externo expanso, reflexo, in medio sub-acuminato, attenuato; operculo corneo. This shell resembles H. Carocolla, but is smooth, with the outline rather more rounded, the outer lip less expanded, and pointed upwards in the centre. Bay of Honduras. 56. H. cartnata. (pl. ii. f. 60. and pl. iii. f. 96.) D’Orb. Moll. Am. Mer. p. 360. T. forma H. Candeanz simili, spiraliter obsolete distanter striata; columella sub-complanata, triangulari ; labio externo crasso, rotundato ; carina obsoleta, infra carinam centrali; operculo corneo, Like H. Candeana in form; spirally, obsoletely and distantly striated ; columella rather flattened, triangular; outer lip thick, rounded; with an obsolete keel under the central one; operculum horny. Brazil. 12 57. H. rorecta. (pl. iii. f. 135, 136.) T. levi, angulata, vix carinata; labio externo reflexo; labio interno expanso; columella sub-angulata. Shaped like the last, but small, smooth, with the outer lip very little spread, and the inner lip expanded. We have figured a yel- low and a brown variety. 58. H. piuosa. (pl. iii. f. 121, 122.) nob. Zool, Proc. 1842. T. parva, cornea, angulata, supra angulum distanter spiraliter striaté, labio externo vix reflexo; epidermide ad angulum in cari- nam pilosam producta. A small, brown, horny, angulated shell, smooth below the angle, with three or four spiral grooves above; the epidermis is produced into a broad keel or fringe at the angle of the whorls. Opara. Sec. 8. Shell depressed, columella angulated. 59. H. Ruopostroma. (pl. ii. f. 71.) Gray. Z. J. i. 68. T. angulata levi, carinata; labio externo valide reflexo, com- planato, lato; columella supra callosd, ad basin producta, acu- minata. Angulated, smooth, carinated ; outer lip reflected, flattened and broad ; columella callous above, produced into a point at the base. 60. H. aneunata. (pl. ii. f. 61. and pl. iii. f. 100,) nob. Zool. Proc. 1842. T. conica, spiraliter striata; anfractibus supra et infra sub- inflatis, in medio carinatis, labio externo reflexo, rotundato, supra angulum sub-depresso; collumella sub-recta, ad basin angulata ; operculo corneo. Conical, spirally grooved; with the whorls rather inflated above and below the angle, keeled in the centre; outer lip rather rounded, its outline more inflated below than above the angle; columella sharply angulated; operculum horny. The general colour of this shell is whitish yellow, the operculum is red, and there is a red line within the outer lip. Brazil. 61. H. FuLVA. (pl. i. f. 23.) D’Orb. Moll. Am. Mer. p. 398. T. sub-angulata, spiraliter striata; columella triangulari, ad basin angulata; labia externo reflexo; operculo calcareo. Rather angulated, spirally grooved; columella triangular, pointed at the base; outer lip reflected; operculum calcareous. Bolivia. 62. H. Brasiurensis. (pl. i. f. 29.) Ferussac. T. H. fulve simillima, sed apertura sub-quadraté; columella recta, angustata. Very much like the last, but with the aperture rather square ; columella straight and narrow, with a triangular space behind it. Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. 63. H. sytvatica. (pl. i. f. 30.) D’Orb. Moll. Am. Mer. p. 399. T. H. fulve simili, sed leviori, spira magis elevata. This shell is smooth excepting immediately under the centre 13 of the whorls where it is slightly striated, the lip is not much thickened, and the spire is more elevated than in H. fulva, which in other respects it resembles. Bolivia, South America. 64, H. onesicgena. (pl. i. f. 28.) D’Orb. Moll. Am. Mer. p. 399. T. H. fulvz simillima, sed labio externo vix expanso; sub- reflexo, columella angustiori. The outer lip and columella of this species are narrower than in H. fulva, and the shell is rather more depressed. Bolivia. Sect. 9th. Shell horny ; columella rather angulated, or slightly notched ; outer lip scarcely thickened. 65. H. orpicuvata. (pl. i. f. 33,34.) Oligyra orbiculata, Say. Zool. Journ. i. 70. T. parva, globosa, depressa, concentricé tenuissimé striata; labio interno sub-calloso ; columella obliqua, sub-angulata ; labio externo tenui, sub-reflexo. Small, globose, depressed, concentrically and very finely striated ; inner lip rather callous ; columella oblique, rather angulated ; outer lip thin, a little reflected. North America. 66. H. cornza., (pl. i. f. 35, 36.) T.H. orbiculatz simillim4, sed crassiori; labio externo ad basin columellz sub-emarginato; columella callosa. Thicker and darker than H. orbiculata, rather less depressed with the columella and the lower part of the inner lip callous, and the outer lip very slightly notched behind the columella. 67. H. casTanega. (pl.i. f. 31, 32.) Guilding ? T: H. orbiculate simili, sed levi, depressi; labio externo tenui. Like H. orbiculata, but smooth and depressed ; outer lip thin. North America. 68. H. niripa. (pl iii. f. 116.) Pfeiffer. Wiegmann Archiv fiir Naturgesch. Band i. 1839. ‘“'T. sub-depressa, tenui, glabra, saturate incarnata, supra subtus- que convexiuscula, apice mucronato, anfractibus 5, ad suturam minutissimé striatis ; columella vix callosd; labio simplici, acuto, sinuato, ad angulum columellarem acuté dentato.” Differing from H. castanea in having a sinuosity in the upper part of the outer lip, which is slightly thickened. Matanzas. 69. H. rotunda. (pl. iii. f. 111.) D’Orb. Moll. de Cub. p. 292. T. globosa, conica, nitida, tenui; labio externo tenui, superné sinuato, depresso, Globose, conical, shining, thin; outer lip thin, the upper parts sinuated and slightly depressed. Cuba. 70. H. minura. (pl. i. f. 40, 41.) nobis. Zool. Proc. 1842. T. parva, depressa, sub-angulata, rubra vel straminea; margine crasso, effuso; labio interno calloso; columella ad basin sub- emarginata. 14 More angular and more depressed than H. orbiculata, and slightly striated. 71. H. vesrrra (pl. i. f. 42.) Guild. M. S. T. globosa, tenui, concentricé lyrata, parva; apertura semi- lunari; labio externo tenui. Globose, thin, concentrically ribbed, small; aperture semi-lunar ; outer lip thin. North America. 72. H. rugosa. (pl. iii. f. 132.) Pfeiffer. Wiegmann Archiv. fiir Natiirgesch. Band i. 1839. «T. depressd, subtus convexiuscula, rubello-succinea ; anfract. 5, elegantissimé obliqué rugosis; callo columellari tenui, albido; labro albido, incrassato, prope angulum columellarem sub-dentato ; apertura ovata.”’ Concentrically ribbed, like H. vestita, but depressed, with the margin of the aperture thickened, and slightly angulated at the base of the columella. The author is unable to identify the following, the figures of which are copied from the works referred to .— 73. H. substriata (pl. i. f. 22.) Gray Zool. Journ. i. p. 66. 74. —- unifaseiata (pl. i. f. 21.) Gray Zool. Journ. i. p. 69. 75, — flammeata. (pl. i. f. 37, 38, 39.) Quoi. Voy. Astr. 76. — teniata. (pl. ii. f. 49, 50, 51.) Ib. 77. — lens. (pl.1. f. 48,) Lea. Obs. — striata. Lam. Hist. Nat. vi. p. 183. — sordida. Hing. Zool, Journ. EXPLANATION OF THE PLATES. HELICINE. Figures of the natural size. 1. H. Aurantia. Sp. 1. 19. H. ambeliana. 38. 2. — ——___,, var. 20. — costata. 22. 3. — Jamaicensis. 2. 21. — unifasciata. 74. 4, — ———_., var. 22. — sub-striata, 73. 5. — hemastoma. 3. 23. — fulva. 61. 6. — ——, var. 24. — globosa. 21. 7. — Brownii. 14. 25. — Zephyrina. 39. 8. — ——-, var. 26. — ambeliana. 38. 9. — festiva. 12. 27. — Zephyrina, var. 39. 10. — Sagra. 9. 28. — oresigena, 64. 11. — maxima. 37. 29. — Brasiliensis. 62. 12. — major. 13. 30. — sylvatica. 63. 13. — ————-, var. 31, — castanea. 67. 14, — pulcherrima. 11. 32, — castanea. 15. — pulchella, 18. 33. — orbiculata. 65. 16. — ————-, var. 34. — orbiculata. 17. — Tankervillii. 19. 35. — cornea. 66. 18, — virginea. 20. | 36. —~————. 37. H. 84. H.agglutinans. 38. —\flammeata,3 views.75. 8. — —$—$<— 39. — 86. — occidentalis. 30. 40. —- minuta. 70. magnif. 87. — occidentalis. 41, — ———_— 88. — Carocolla, 51. 42, — vestita. 71. 89, — ———_—— 43, — striatula. 6. 90. — Trochiformis 49. 44, — Aureola. 5. 91. — Lazarus. 53. to , var. ; 92, — acutissima. 48. 46. — , var. 93, — ————_— 47. — depressa, 4. 94, — 48. — lens. 77. magnif. 95, — ————— 49. — 96. — carinata, var. 56. 50. — tzeniata. 3 views. 76. 97. —candeana. 55. 51. — 98. — hzmastoma. 3. 52. —solidula. 7. 99. —-candeana. 55. 53. — , Var, 100. — angulata. 60. 54. — Var: 101. —conica. 45. 55, — Maugerie. 8. 102. — Sloanii. 47. 56. — picta. 27. 103. — adspersa. 25. 57. — variabilis. 28. 104, — pyramidalis. 43. 58, — ————— 105. — Trochulina. 42. 59. — lutea. 24. 106. — variabilis. 28. 60. —carinata. 56. 107. — dentigera. 15. 61. — angulata. 60. 108, — ————— 62. — zonata. 23. 109. — variabilis. 28. 63. — , var. 110. — elongata. 44. 64. — , var, 111. — rotunda. 69. 65. — Guadaloupensis. 31. 112. — hispida. 16. 66, — ————_—. >. Was 113. — 67. — viridis. 54. 114. — virginea, var. 20. 68. — Antillarum. 29. 115, — adspersa. 25. 69, — 116, — nitida. 68. 70. — 117, — flavida. 41. 71. — Rhodostoma. 59. 118. — Zephyrina. 39. 72. — neritella. 26. 119, — minima. 17. magnif. 73. — 120. — rupestris. 46. magnif. 74, — 121. — pilosa. 58, 75. — 122, — 76. — polita. 33. 123, —sub-marginata. 10. 77. — 124, — adspersa. 25. ——— 125. — adspersa. (Oo oS 126. — Sagra. 9. 39o = 127, — globulosa. 36. 81. — 128. — globulosa. 36. 82. — parva. 35, 129. — variabilis. 28. 83. — agglutinans. 52. 130. — similis. 34. 131. H. maculata. 32. 132. — rugosa. 72. 133. — acutissima. 48. 134. — flavida. 41. 135. — Rotella. 57. 136. — 16 137 138 139 140 141. 142 . 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Na A Me ty ui . i sey a i fogs i an ie om iy, iia hy i) Ae Miah oe: Dye iy es) a spe aN ieee 7 ay us ti Me Pay La “ fy ie a : ay (tivuye ya 4 a Raa ae id ya ‘ ay Le i naa wn aX 4 i ii ‘ am - ak Be yy ne 7 Mi at ae Ash ti, ti i? ate ny ce. ne m5 7 vi t By ey f a7 Wi Pay, * at : i’ ov ti! te ene en i cn” ae ya is Ne Sk ; rae a a a ue ns 7 ies i Dah Wy ie oe ae at) a Yi a Lh : ‘ peri i pay ee me ‘ if ; | ad Ge a a was oe ha Ona pe iP 4 ch WA v a ie ‘ah ve aia nie - bik a: 7 , iM At iM Py. Te eS ‘ Pas aw 0 = at wD vu ie i- i SES tne Ao ene yd We ey by ih Ms wt ei 7 oe a ane ¥ - te f a i a a ry, a 7 ab Bey at "ocean a - xy! aa on on in "he are, m f rf ay H nc ae : ra i Pl Mike. f) See ee re iP ; ii « on Mer. Ph i on i ie y ie nal PEM eh ty ey a he a Pi reas wii ae oe aR ae AMER i Ke ia G tole MONOGRAPH OF THE GENUS PUPINA. Char. Gen. Molluscum terrestre; testa sub-cylindrica, vitrea, nitidissima; anfractibus quinque ad sex, penultimo inflato, ultimo paululum coarctato; apertura circulari, margine crasso, reflexo, ad basin columellz inciso vel emarginato; operculo corneo, spirali. A genus of small pupiform land shells, with a round spiral oper- culum, generally having an incision at the base of the columella ; differing from those species of Cyclostoma which are similarly shaped and which have a similar incision, in the glassy enamel which covers the shell, and fills up the suture of the spire. The first species described under this generic name was P. Ke- raudrenii, published by Vignard, in the « Annales des Sciences.” 1829. Mr. Grateloupsubsequently described P. Nunezit under the generic name Moulinsia, neither of these naturalists being ac- quainted with the operculum. All the species here described, with the exception of P. humilis and P. Keraudrenit, were recently brought to this country by Mr. Cuming from the Philippines. DESCRIPTIONS. Sec. 1. The azis of the spire turned backwards. Sp. 1. P. Nunezu (pl. iv. f. 8,9, 10, 11.) Moulinsia Nunezii, Grateloup. Ann. Soc. Linn. Bordeaux, 1840. T. globosd, obliqua; apertura magna, margine validé expanso, reflexo, complanato, incisura triangulari penitus diviso; labio co- lumellari concavo; anfractu ultimo prope aperturam sub-compla- nato. Obliquely globose, with the aperture large ; the margin reflected ; expanded, flattened; notch deep and triangular, nearly dividing the peritreme; the last whorl rather flattened in front. Varying from bright orange to purplish cream colour and dark brown. Found on leaves of small plants and low bushes in several of the Philippine Islands. 2. P. petuucipa (pl. iv. f. 18, 19, 20.) Zool. Proc. 1842. T. obliqua, sub-globosa, pellucida; spiree axe validé retrorso ; anfractu penultimo elevato, ultimo complanato margine reflexo, in- cisura diviso; columella lata, convexa. A 18 Smal'er, more transparent, and with the spire more bent than the last; the outer lip less expanded, the notch completely dividing the peritreme, and the columella convex. Found on small plants in woods, in the Philippine Islands. Sec. 2. Spire nearly straight. 3. P. uusrica. (pl. iv. f. 12 to 16.) nobis. Zool. Proc. 1842. T. sub-obliqua, cylindrica; spira brevi obtusa; apertura rotun- data; margine anticé sub-expanso, paululim incrassato, ad basin columelle vix emarginato; columella callosa. In this species the notch is scarcely perceptible, and there is a rounded callosity behind the columellar lip. The inner lip is thickened on the body whorl. Found in dense woods on small plants in the Philippine Islands. 4, P. virrea. (pl. iv. f. 6, 7 ) nobis. Zool. Proc. 1842. T. sub-elongata, recta; anfractibus sub-rotundatis, margine expanso, reflexo, complanato, incisura diviso. The spire is straight and elevated, gradually tapering towards the obtuse apex; the peritreme is expanded and flattened, the notch deep. Mindinao and Luzon, Philippines. 5. P. sums. (pl. iv. f. 4, 5.) nobis. Zool. Proc. 1842. T. fulva, sub-elongata, recta ; anfractibus sub-rotundatis; mar- gine pallidé fulvo, expanso, reflexo, rotundato, crasso ; incisura usque ad dorsum diviso. Resembling P. vitrea, but the margin not flattened, and the notch so deep that it is seen at the back of the shell. Found on leaves of bushes and trunks of trees in the Island of Luzon, Philippines. 6. P. exieua. (pl. iv. f. 17.) nobis. Zool. Proc. 1842. T. parva, translucida, alba. cylindrica; anfractu penultimo inflato; margine aperturze paululim incrassato, incisura diviso. This small, transparent white species has the margin very little thickened, and the notch deep. Found on small plants in the Philippine Islands. Sec. 3. Spire straight, with a notch at both ends of the aperture. 7. P. Humiuis (pl. iv. f. 2.) Jacquenot. T. ovali, solida, pallidé lutea; anfractibus sub-rotundatis, ultimo propé aperturam paululum complanato; apertura rotun- data, margine crasso, expanso, reflexo; labio interno crasso, posticé plicato; columella crassa, lata, tortuosa, reflexd ; incisura ad dorsum lita. This being a dead shell has lost the brilliancy of the enamel. The teeth or folds at the posterior part of the inner and outer lips form a very distinct canal. The columella is tortuous and turned backwards, and the notch is seen at the back like the corresponding part of a Buccinum. 19 8. KERAUDRENTI (pl. iv. f. 2.) Vignard. T. parva, cylindrica, grisea, rufescente; spira obtusa, recta, apertura parva, margine incisura diviso; labio externo levitér incrassato, posticé sub-plicato; labio interno plicato. A pupiform species with a posterior canal. Manilla and Singapore. 9. P. BrcaNALicuLATA. (pl. iv. f. 1.) nobis. Zool. Proc. 1842. T. parva, ovali, alba, translucidi; anfractibus ventricosis ; apertura magna, margine sub-expanso, sub-incrassato, ad basin columellze inciso; labio interno posticé plicato. This species differs from P. Keraudrenii in shape, being more ventricose, having a tapering spire, and a very strong fold on the inner lip. Found on small plants in the island of Zebu, Philip- pines. EXPLANATION OF PLATE IV. PuPINzé, 1. P. bicanaliculata. Sp. 9. 11. P. bicanaliculata. var. 2. —- humilis. 7. 12, — lubrica. 3. 3. — Keraudrenii. 8. 13. — 5 Var. 4. — similis. 5. 14, — , var, 5, — ————_, var. 1. — » Var. 6. — vitrea. 4, 16, — , var. 7. — ———_. var. 17. — exigua. 6 8. — Nunezii. 1. 18. —- pellucida. 2. 9. — ——___. var. 19, — ———_—_-, var. 10. — ————, var. | 20, —————., var. Pupina qo: ED Cats YS ie 21 MONOGRAPH OF THE GENUS APORRHAIS. nn oe Char. Gen. Molluscum marinum; test& turrité, fusiformi; apertura sub-quadrata ; labio externo tate dilatato, magno, antice et postice propé canales undatim emarginato; canali anticd rostrato, sub-foliato; labio interno crasso, canali postico. DESCRIPTIONS. Sp. 1. A. PHs-PELECANI. (pl. v. f. 3, 4.) Linn. T. turrita fusiformi, anfractibus angulatis, nodulosis; apertura sub-quadrata; canalibus duobus, rostratis, sub-complanatis; labio externo crasso, bilobato. A well known species found in Great Britain and the Mediterranean. 2. A. PES-cARBONIS. (pl. v. f. 1) T. quam A. Pes-Pelecani magis tenui; canalibuselongatis; labio externo trilobato. A thinner and smaller species, with the beaks of the canals narrower and more lengthened, and the outer lip divided into three digitations. Mediterranean. 3. A. occipenTauis. (pl. v. f. 2.) T. turrita, concentricé plicata, spiraliter striata; canalibus brevibus; labio externo unilobato. S ell turrited, with longitudinal ribs, spirally striated; canals outer lip with one digitation. ? MONOGRAPH OF THE GENUS ROSTELLARIA. ————eeeee Char. Gen. Molluscum marinum; testa fusiformi, antice in canalem rostratum desinente; apertura ovali; canali postico partem spire decurrente; labio interno crasso; labio externo digi- tato ad canalem emarginato; operculo corneo, unguiculato. 22 In this genus the notch or sinus is close to the canal, thus differing from Strombus, in which a portion of the outer lip intervenes. DESCRIPTIONS. Sp. 1. R. Curvirosrrum. (pl. v. f. 9.) Enc. Met. Strombus Fusus. Gmel. T. crassa, leevi, fusiformi; apice plicato; anfractibus numerosis, convexiusculis; canali postico, super anfractis penultime partem, decumbenti; canali antico brevi undato. This is the well known species with a short curved beak; the general colour is reddish brown, with the aperture white. Moluccas and Red Sea. 2. R. curt. (pl. v. f. 7, 11.) nobis. Zool. Proc. 1842. T. R. Curvirostro simillima, sed anfractu ultimo breviori; canali recto. The last whorl of this species is shorter than of R. Curvirostrum, and the canal is straight. There isa broad band of brown colour close to the suture of the whorls. The specimen is in Mr. Cuming’s collection. 3. R. Recrirostrum. (pl. v. f. 8, 10.) Lam. T. fusiformi, elongata, medio levigata; anfractibus convexis primis cancellatis, ultimo infra spiraliter sulcato, rostro elongato, recto, gracili; labio externo prope canalem posticum lobato, emar- ginato; digitibus quinque ad sex. Much more graceful and slender in form than the two preced- ing ; the whorls nearest the apex are cancellated; all of them are ventricose ; the suture of the spire is deeper, and the digitation of the outer lip commences nearer the posterior canal. The variety, fig. 10, with wider aperture, and somewhat less slender form, may possibly be distinct. The specimen is in the collection of Mr. Cuming. China ? Sumatra. 4. R. Povisn. (pl. v. f. 5, 6.) Petit. M. S.? T. turritaé; anfractibus superné angulatis, spiraliter sulcatis; apertura angustata; labio interno crasso, labio externo crasso, granulato, prope canalem posticum lobato; digitis quatuor; canali postico recurvo; canali antico rostrato, brevi. This species, which is spirally grooved, takes the general form of Strombus Fissurella, but, like the other Rostellariz, has the outer lip emarginated close to the canal. China. 23 MONOGRAPH OF THE GENUS STRUTHIOLARIA. Char. Gen. Molluscum marinum; testa turrita, ovali, ventri- cosi; anfractibus plus minusve angulatis; apice obtuso; labio interno calloso, oblique elongato; labio externo crasso, sub-reflexo, sinuoso; supra infraque emarginato, in medio prominente; canali antico brevi, indistincto, minime profundo. Turrited, ventricose, oval: whorls more or less angulated ; apex obtuse; inner lip callous, obliquely elongated, so as to form a sort of obtuse beak at its union with the outer lip, behind this the canal is short and shallow, the outer lip is thickened and sinuous, receding at each extremity, and produced into a prominent lobe at the centre. We regard the sinus near the canal as connecting this genus with the Strombide. DESCRIPTIONS. Sp. 1.8. srraminga. (pl. v. f. 16, 18, 20.) Murex stramineus, Gmel. Str. nodulosa. Lam. T. crassa, spiraliter striata, flammulis undatis, fulvis, picta ; anfractibus angulatis, ad angulum nodulosis; apertura sub- quadrata, margine crasso. This well known species has the whorls angulated, and, when full grown, has the prominent lobe in the outer lip thick; the nodules on the angle of the whorls are triangular and large. New Zealand. 2. S. vermis. (pl. v. f. 12, 13, 19.) Sow. Zool. Journ. ? T. brevi, spiraliter striata; anfractibus rotundato-angulatis, ad angulum minuté nodulosis; apertura sub-quadrata, margine angustata. Short, spirally striated ; with the angle of the whorls rounded and beaded ; aperture nearly square, with the inner and outer lips narrow. 3. S. cieas. (pl. v. f. 17.) nobis. T. S. straminee simillima, sed majori; angulo anfractuum rotundato, nodulis minoribus ornato. A large shell, resembling S. straminea in general character, but having the angle of the whorls rounded, and the nodules 24 smaller, as inS. inermis. The specimen is in the collection of the Rey. F. J. Stainforth. A. S. oblita (pl. v. f. 14, 15.) Sowerby Tankerville Catalogue App. p. xviii. T. ovali, levi; anfractibus angulatis ; sutura varice tumida levi, impleta, labio externo vix reflexo, paululiim incrassato; labio interno crasso. Oval, smooth; whorls angulated; the suture covered by an enamelled tumidity, outer lip scarcely reflected, slightly thickened ; inner lip thick. New Zealand. We have had no opportunity of indentifying S. microscopica described by Mr. Gray in the Zoological appendix to Beechey’s voyage. EXPLANATION OF PLATE V. The figures half the natural diameter. 10. R. Rectirostrum. 3. SEORERAIS. 11. —curta, young. 2. 1. A. Pes-Carbonis. Sp. 2. 2. — occidentalis. 3. Ve OU MEOH SE 3. — Pes-Pelecani. 1. 12. S. inermis. 2. 4, — , young. 13. — ———-,, var. 14. —~ oblita ROSTELLLARIA. 15 ee re 52 he Lovisiert. 16, — straminea. 1. 6. — ———— 17. — gigas. 3. 7. —curta,. 2. 18. — straminea. 1. 8. — Rectirostrum. 3. 19. —inermis, var. 2. 9, — Curvirostrum, 1. 20. — straminea, young. I. Liam r 3. Nal Ma ny * i) “aT at diy! aay? MONOGRAPH OF THE GENUS STROMBUS. OO orn Char. Gen. Molluscum marinum; testa conica, spirali, ventri- cosa, crassi; spira conicé, plerumque plicata, acuta; apertura plerumque angustata, posticé canaliculata, anticé in canalem brevem emarginatum desinente; labio interno plerumque incras- sato; labio externo etate dilatato, posticé plus minusve emargi- nato, unilobato, medio intis incrassato, anticé sinu é€ canali dis- tincto, interrupto ; operculo corneo, pyriformi, nucleo terminali. In conformity with the plan announced in the first page of this number, the author contents himself with stating the characters of this genus as generally understood, without presuming at present to attempt such a definition as would prevent the possi- bility of shells being confounded with it which do not belong to it; it will, however, be perceived, on glancing over the plates, that there is an indescribable peculiarity in form and appearance by which most persons in the habit of seeing shells would know a Strombus at first sight. The shells belonging to this genus are spiral, conical and thick, with the spire conical, and generally plicated near the apex, the aperture is narrow, with a canal close to the body whorl, near to or upon the spire, and a short anterior canal, sometimes produced into a truncated beak ; inner lip gene- rally thickened with age; outer lip, when full grown, dilated, at the spiral extremity more or less elevated, emarginated, and having a single lobe, in the centre thickened within, generally inflected, and having a sinus near to the anterior termination, but distinct from the canal; operculum horny, pyriform, terminated by the nucleus anteriorly ina point. The difference between Strombus and Rostellaria is stated to be that in the latter there is no sinus in the outer lip distinct from the canal. In Pteroceras, the ante- rior canal is lengthened into a caudal appendage, and the outer lip is digitated. Strombi are found in seas of warm climates. In the following arrangement of species we commence with two be- longing to a form which may probably hereafter be erected into a genus, the character of the anterior and posterior canals presenting a strong resemblance to those of Rostellaria, but having in the species now described a distinct though shallow sinus in the outer lip. There are, however, fossil species of the same general form without the sinus. D 26 DESCRIPTIONS. Sp. 1, S. FissuRELLA. (pl. viii. f. 64, 65.) Lin. Syst. Nat. 1212. Rostellaria Fissurella, uam. ? T. turrita, fusiformi, concentricé plicata, spiralitér striata ; aper- tura ovali, posticé in carinam canaliculatam ad apicem decurrente, anticé canali rostrato; labio externo crasso, crenulato; labio in- terno crasso, Turrited, fusiform, concentrically plicated, spirally striated ; aperture oval, with a posterior carinated canal running up the spire; outer lip thick, crenulated ; inner lip thick. The colour varies from pale yellow to banded brown. India and the Philippines. 2. S. crispatus. (pl. viii. f. 62, 63.) T. turrita, fusiformi, concentricé plicata, spiralitér striata ; apertura ovali, posticé in canalem carinatam crispatam desinente, anticé canali brevitér rostrato; labio externo crasso, crenulato ; labio interno crasso; operculo lateralitér serrato, Rather more ventricose than S. Fissurella, with the beak shorter, and the posterior canal resting upon the penultimate whorl only, and coiled at the extremity; the outer edge of the operculum is serrated. Body pale straw colour, with three brown bands across the last whorl, Brought by Mr. Cuming from Luzon, Bureas and Panay, Philippines. 3. S. Campsetu. (pl. vi. f. 22, 23.) Griffiths Cuvier. Mol- lusca, pl. 25. T. sub-fusiformi, ventricosa, levi; spird turrita, elongata; an- fractibus convexiusculis, propé suturam unisulcatis, dorso anfrac- tis ultimi, obtusé unilobato, anticé sulcato; labio externo elevato, expanso, postice inflexo; sinu parvo. Rather fusiform, ventricose, smooth; spire turrited, elongated, whorls rather convex, with a groove near the suture, the last whorl with a very obtuse tubercle on the back, and several grooves near the anterior termination; outer lip elevated, expanded, with an inflected prominence towards the upper part; sinus small, The colour is pale brown, with interrupted bands of brown. 4, S. virratus. (pl. vi. f. 27, 28, 29, 30, 31.) Linn, Syst. Nat. p. 1211. Including S. turritus and S. sulcatus, Lam, and Chemn. T. fusiformi-turrité, fulvo-rufescente, albo-fasciatim-maculata ; spird elongata, plicata; anfractibus angulatis, prope suturam sul- catis, ultimo anticé sulcato; labio interno crasso, angusto; labio externo dilatato, interné sulcato, ad angulum sub-lobato. Another fusiform species, of a pale brown colour, nearly covered by interrupted brown bands, the elongated spire is plicated, with a spiral groove near the suture, the body whorl generally smooth, sulcated anteriorly. S. turritus, (f. 27.) Lam. is distinguished 27 only by the spire being rather longer in proportion, and the greater part of the body whorl! being plicated. 8. sulcatus, (f. 31.) Chemn. is a dwarfish variety, with the groove near the suture deepened. There is another variety (f. 30.) in which only the first two or three whorls are plicated. East Indies. 5. S. perormis (pl. vi. f. 1, 8.) Griffith’s Cuvier, Moll. pl. 25. T. sub-fusiformi, spiraliter striata; spird mediocri; anfractibus angulatis ; labio externo interné striato, ad anfractum ultimum elevato, prope spiram paululim emarginato; sinu antico mediocri, labio interno striato. A dull white shell, spirally striated all over, except in the middle of the body whorl in front; the spire plicated, the anterior canal of the aperture elevated, the outer lip slightly emarginated at the upper angle, both lips striated with raised tines, the sinus of the outer lip not very deep. 6. S. corumpa (pl. vi. f. 2, 3, 6, 7.) Lam. Tankervillii, Swain- son? T. sub-ovali, spiraliter striata, dorso prope marginem plica lon- gitudinali; spiree anfractibus angulatis, plicatis; labio interno calloso, striato; labio externo expanso, striato, supra infraque va- lidé emarginato; apeture canali postico lobato, spiree partem de- currente. Nearly oval, spirally striated, with a longitudinal fold on the back near the margin of the aperture; whorls angular, plicated ; inner lip striated, outer lip expanded, striated, with a deep emargi- nation on the upper angle, and the anterior sinus deep; posterior canal with lobated margins running up part of the spire. The usual colour is pale brown, nearly covered on the back by mottled dark brown, which is interrupted by a nearly white band in the centre. India? and the Philippines. 7. S. piaratos. (pl. vii. f. 38, 39.) Sw. Zool. Hl. 1820, 1. T. S. Columbz simillim4, sed magis ovali; plica laterali minus distincta ; labio externo magis expanso ; loba postica minori. A more oval and finely striated pale brown species, with the outer lip more expanded, and less distinctly lobed and sinuated above than S. Columba. 8. S. uasrosus. (pl. vi. f. 15, 16.) Wood. Cat. Suppl. T. ventricosa, angulata; omnino sive in medio anfractis ultimi striata; spira plicata ; anfractibus angulatis, ultimo ad angulum no- duloso; labio externo magno. expanso, margine incrassato, posticé unilobato, interné striato, Ventricose, angulated ; spirally striated in every part except the middle of the last whorl; spire plicated; the last whorl tubercu- lated; the outer lip large, expanded and thickened, striated within, with a lobe at the upper angle. The beautiful specimen from which figure 15 is taken is in the collection of W. Metcalfe Esq. it is of a rich, shining, yellowish brown colour. 9. S. varrasinis. (pl. vi. f. 9, 13, 14.) Sw. Zool. Til. , PS 28 T. ovali, sub-angulata, levi; spira brevi; anfractibus plicatis ; labio externo expanso, medio incrassato, ad canalem pos ticum et ad angulum supernum lobato, sinu valido. Smooth, oval angulated, white, with interrupted brown bands ; angle of the whorls plicated; outer lip with a lobe close to the posterior canal, and another at the upper angle, with a sinus be- tween; anterior sinus not very deep. 10. S. epmromis (pl. vi. f. 12.) Linn. Syst. Nat. p. 1211* T. ovali, levi; anfractibus sub-angulatis, ad angulum plicatis ; labio externo magno, validé expanso, incrassato, postice paululim sinuato. Oval, smooth, brown, aperture white; spire plicated at the angle of the whorls; outer lip much expanded, slightly thickened above the anterior sinus, and very slightly emarginated near the spire. 11. S. minimus. (pl. vi. f 4, 5.) Sw. T. S. epidromi simillima, sed minori; labio externo posticé bilo- bato, inter lobos valide sinuato. Very much like S. epidromis, but smaller, with a deep sinus be- tween the two lobes on the posterior angle of the outer lip. Colour dark reddish brown or fawn, with a white band on the angle, and another in the centre of the whorls. East Indies. 12. §S. Sisearpit. (pl. vi. f. 10, 11.) nobis. T. sub-clavata, leevi; spira parva : anfractibus angulatis. plicatis ; ultimo magno, ventricoso; labio interno nigro-lineato; labio ex- terno interné striato, medio sub-incurvo; sinu parvo. This species has a small spire and ventricose body whorl; the inner lip is striated in the centre with short black lines; outer lip expanded, striated, with a very slight sinus. Colour white, banded and mottled with fawn. Brought by Dr. Sibbald from Ceylon. 13. S. succrnctus. (pl. vi. f. 20, 21.) Linn. Syst. Nat. p. 1212. T. ovato-oblonga, spiraliter tenue striata; spira brevi; anfracti- bus sub-angulatis; apertura elongata; canali postico spiram de- currente ; labio externo intus striato, ad angulum inflexo; sinu antico parvo. Oval-oblong, very finely striated ; spire short; whorls rather an- gulated; aperture elongated; anterior canal running up the spire ; outer lip striated within; with an inflection at the angle; sinus small. ‘The ground colour is a dull white, but the body of the shell is nearly covered by broad brown bands jagged at the edges. The pink variety is in the collection of the Rev. F. J. Stainforth. East Indies. 14. S. marginatus (pl. vi. f. 17.) Gmel. p. 3573. No. 15 T. S. succinctz simillima, sed magis conica, angulo anfractuum carinato, Veiy probably only a variety of the last, it is more conical in form, with the dorsal angle of the last wherl sharply keeled. East Indies. 29 15. S. uinzatus (pl. vii. f. 32, 33.) Lam. An. sans vert. S. polyfasciatus, Chemn, T. conica, levi, alba; lineis nigris interruptis cincta; spira brevi; anfractibus noduloso-angulatis, a; ertura angustata aurantia; labio externo prope spiram emarginato; labio interno tenui. A smooth conical shell, white, with interrupted blackish lines or bands across the body whorl. The spire is short; the whorls an- gular, plicated at the angle. The aperture is of a golden tint. Red Sea. 16. S. cyuinpricus. (pl. vii. f. 50, 57, 59.) Swainson. Zool. illus. S. Mauritianus Lam. Anim. s. vert. vii. p. 206. T. conica, levi, spira brevi, anfractibus sub-angulatis, plerumque plicatis, ultimo ad angulum gibboso, apertura angusta, labio externo posticé paululim emarginato et unilobato. A conical species, with short spire and narrow aperture; the outer lip is not much expanded; it is slightly emarginated above the outer angle. The usual colour is pale brown, with brown mottled bands. Fig. 50 represents a white variety, belonging to the Rev. F. J. Stainforth. The inside of the aperture has a beautiful tinge of pink. Isle of France. 17. S. cunuanus. (pl. vii. f. 54.) Linn. Syst. Nat. p. 1209. T. conica, 8. cylindrico simillima, sed columella nigro marginata. We can scarcely regard this as distinct from the preceding, although the columellar lip is edged with black, and in some spe- cimens the outer lip is more decidedly lobed above. Moluccas. 18. S. contrormis. (pl, vii. f. 55, 61.) T. conica, levi, pallide fulva, fasciis brunneis interruptis cincta, validé angulata; spira brévissima; anfractibus ad angulum plicatis ; apertura angustata; labio externo vix expanso, sinu parvo. Both specimens are rather young, from the cabinets of Messrs. Norris and Stainforth, but we think that from the general form, and the absence of the posterior sinus, the species will prove to be distinct. 19, S. pusrus. (pl. vii. f. 80.) We insert in this place a singular shell, from the collection of Mr. Cuming, which has the general form of a cone, yet the outer lip is shghtly expanded upwards and crenulated near the margin within. 20. S. muraBiuis. (pl. vii. f. 40, 45, 46, 47, 49, 52.) Swainson. Floridus, Lam. T. ovata, angulata, anticé truncati, ad extremitates spiraliter striata; spira brevi, nodulosd; apertura angusta; labiis striatis, externo posticé angulato, sinu antico valido. Oval, angular, striated at the spire and at the anterior part of the body whorl; spire short, tuberculated; aperture narrow, with both lips striated; outer lip angular above, truncated at the anterior termination, with the anterior sinus deep. The variations in colour are almost innumerable. Moluccas and Philippines. D 30 $1. S. Urnceus. (pl. vii. f. 34, 35, 36, 37, 41, 42.) Gmel. p. 3518. No. 29. var. S. incisus. Wood. Ind. Test. Supp. T. S. Mutabili simillima, sed magis elongata, anticé magis attenuata; spira longiora. This species has not the square, truncated, flattened appearance of S. mutabilis. All the varieties, although differing greatly from each other, are easily distinguished from that species by the more tapering form of the extremities. The typical variety has the aperture of a dark, black colour, Some are of a delicate pink ; others are beautifully mottled on the back, and a variety (f. 36) brought by Mr. Cuming from the Philippines, is of a much more oval shape. Between the variety (f. 41) named S, incisus, by Wood, and the typical variety, (f. 34) there appears to be a great difference, but having a great number of specimens, we traced the passage so gradually that it would be impossible to draw a line of separation. E. Indies and Philippines. 22. S. macuLatus, (pl. vii. f. 53.) Nuttall. T. ovali, levi, anticé truncata; spira brevi,anfractibus rotundato- nodulosis; apertura angustata, lzevi. A species having the general form of S. mutabilis. It is of a dingy white colour, with obscure purple spots. Sandwich Islands. 23. S. ruGosus. (pl. vii. f. 58, 60.) Sow. Tank. Cat. App. “'T. oblonga, longitudinaliter plicata, transversé striata, apice acuminato, anfractibus superné nodulosis; ultimo anfractu altera tuberculorum minimorum serie instructo; apertura oblonga, labio externo intus striato, columellari valido, superné infraque trans- versim striato; sutura crenulata.”’ In shape like S. plicatus, but distinguished by its rugosity and by a second row of tubercles on the last whorl. The colour is white, mottled with brown. East Indies. Ge 24. S. puicatus. (pl. vii. f.56.) Lam. Anim. s. vert. vil. p. 210. T. ovali, angulata, undatim longitudinaliter plicata spiraliter Striata, apertura striata. Resembling S. mutabilis &c. in form, but longitudinally plicated, with the whorls angular, the ribs raised in tubercles at the angles. Colour grey, banded with brown; or brown, with white spotted bands, E. Indies and Moluccas, 25. S. evEeaans. (pl. vii. f. 43, 48.) Nobis. T. sub-elongata, fusiformi; spiré sub-elongaté, anfractibus angulatis,ad angulum plicatis, in medio minuté tuberculatis, anticé sulcatis; ultimi margine varicoso; apertura ovali, striata. Much shorter in the body whorl than any of the three preceding species. It is of a pale brown, clouded in bands with darker brown; the aperture is striated and of a dark brown colour. It approaches S. rugosus in some characters, but is much more fusiform; the spire much larger in proportion to the aperture. One variety is nearly smooth, 31 26. S. Hamasvoma. (j]. vii. f. 51.) Nobis. T. ovali, striata, longitudinaliter plicata; apertura rosea, striata ; labio externo sinu valido. A small white striated species, with longitudinal ribs and a purplish pink striated aperture. Specimens are contained in the collections of Mr. Norris, Mr. Stainforth and Miss Saul. 27. S. Gisperuwus. (pl. vi. f. 18, 19, 24, 25, 26.) Gmel, 3514. T. ovali, medio levigata, anticé striata ; anfractibus ineequaliter gibbosis, ultimo ad dorsum complanato; spira brevi; labio externo posticé validé lobato, sinuato ; sinu antico valido. The whorls are unequally gibbous at the upper angle. The varieties are, pale brown, mottled with zigzag lines of brown; white, with spotted brown bands; the same with a purple streak on the columellar lip and on the inner surface of the outer lip; and nearly white, with pink aperture. East Indies and Moluccas. 98. S. rustrormis (pl. ix. f. 91, 92.) Nobis. T. fusifurmi, levi, anticé subtruncata; spira conica, anfractibus prope suturam uni-sulcatis ; ultimo ad marginem striato, dorso sub- gibboso ; apertura angustata ; labiis intis striatis posticé in canalem spire partem decurrentem attenuatis; externo obliqué truncato ; sinu antico parvo. The colour of this species is of a pinkish or purplish white, mottled and banded with brown, the lips of the aperture are buff. The aperture is peculiar in form, the lips being attenuated into a canal which is bent forwards on the penultimate whorl of the spire, and the outer lip obliquely truncated at the base This character connects S. fusiformis with the following species. Messrs. Nortis, Stainforth and Cuming possess specimens. 29. S. penrarus. (pl ix. f. 86, 87.) Gmel. p. 3519. and den- tatus Wood. S. tridentatus Lam. T. oblonga, levi, anticé striata, truncata; spira breviuscula; an- fractibus plicatis, convexiusculis; apertura posticé in canalem brevem angustata, anticé effusa; labio interno angusto paululiim incrassato, posticé striato; externo brevi, striato, anticé quinque- fariam dentato, effuso, obliqué truncato. _ The shortness of the outer lip, its anterior tooth-like lobes anid its truncated character distinguish this species so that it might almost stand alone asa genus. The colour is yellowish white in- clining to pink or purple at the apex, ornamented by waved spots of brown. The strice on the inside of the outer lip are interlined with dark brown. E 30. S. TEREBELLATUS. (pl. ix. f. 84, 85.) T. elongata, levi, spira brevi; anfractu ultimo anticé obliqué truncato; apertura interné striata; labio externo vix expanso, pau- lulim incrassato; sinu antico indistincto, sub-dentato., A narrow, elongated smooth species, shaped like a Terebellum with the last whorl truncated. The colour varies from pale yellow, 32 to pale brown, mottled with darker brown. The strize on the inner part of the aperture are in some specimens nearly obsolete. 31. S. BuLBuLus (pl. ix. f. 81, 82, 83.) Nobis, Zool. Proc. 1842. T. S. terebellato simillima sed magis ventricosa, anfractu penul- timo gibboso; labio interno validiore; labio externo validé striato, posticé spiree partem decurrente. More ventricose than S. Terebellatus, with the penultimate whorl} gibbous, the inner lip thicker, the outer lip striated to its edge and posteriorly elevated on the last whorl of the spire. Fig. 84. is from a specimen in Mr. Stainforth’s collection where it has existed for some time without any history, and we think it may bea variety of this species which has been brought by Mr. Cuming from the Philip- pine Islands. 32. S. crasratus. (pl. vill. f. 66, 67.) Nobis. T. sub- pyramidali, nitida; apertura ovali, bicanaliculata; colu- mell4 truncata ; labio externo crasso reflexo, anticé sub-emarginato ; eperculo ovali; anfractu ultimo ad dorsum prope suturam plicato. This singular shell, having the general form of a Nassa, never- theless has a slight emargination in the outer lip, and is considered by experienced conchologists as being allied to the family, at least, of Strombide, although differing from the present genus in being covered by a glassy enamel. We place it here to remain till some author shall undertake to erect it into a new genus, and define its characters. The colour is pale straw, with a reddish tinge on the back, and a grey line under the suture of the spire. 33. S. pueiuis. (pl. viii. f. 74.) Lin. Syst. Nat. 1209. T. turbinata, ventricosd; spira brévi, spiraliter sulcata; anfracti- bus angulatis ad angulum tuberculis magnis acutis coronatis ; aper- turd angusta, labio interno tenui expanso, externo brevi, interné striato, posticé emarginato, lobato, anticé truncato; sinu magno ; operculo parvo, pytiformi. This well-known shell is of a rich vermilion colour, tinted with yellow and at the anterior termination with purple, It is lobed at the angle of the outer lip and truncated at the anterior extremity. W. Indies. 34. S. pyrutatus, (pl. viii. f. 72, 75.) Lam. T. S. pugili simili sed magis elongata, spiree anfractibus vix tu- berculatis validé striatis. More elongated than S. pugilis, with the whorls of the spire scarcely tuberculated. The colour is dark brown, tinged with purple at the mouth. The variety, f. 72, is white with zigzag lines of brown. We think, however, that both varieties may belong to S. pugilis, the difference not being greater than between acknow- ledged varieties of other species. 35. S. eracizior (pl. viii. f. 73,) Sow. App. Tank. Cat. “ 'T’, ovato-oblonga, apice acuminato-pyramidali, ad basin trans- versé striata, pallidé aurantiaca; anfractibus superné nodulosis ; labio interno tenui expanso, externé dilatato intis transverse leviter sulcato.”’ 33 We think this more distinct from S. pugilis, than S. pyrulatus. It is more slender, the spire more pyramidal, a larger space being left between the angle and suture of the whorls. The colour is yellowish brown; the aperture white, the outer lip edged with orange. South Seas. 36, S. canarium. (pl. viii. f. 69, 70.) T. ventricosa, crassa, leevi, anticé sulcata; spira brevi;. anfracti- bus rotundato-angulatis; labio interno gibboso; labio externo ex- panso, crasso, angulato, anticé angustato. The colour of this species is a light brown, sometimes tinged with purple, and covered by zigzag lines of light or dark brown ; the aperture is white, or nearly so. A very dark variety is named S. Vanikorensis, in Voy. Astr. Ceylon, Moluccas, 37. S. 1saBeLua. (pl. viii. f. 68,71.) Lam. T.§. canario simillima, sed graciliori; anfractibus obtusé angu- latis. More slender than S. canarium, the whorls ina slight degree more angular, the colour generally paler. We are doubtful, how- ever as to its distinctness. A banded variety is named S. tzeniatus, in Voy. Astr. 38. S. rasciatus. (pl. x. f. 104, 106.) Gmelin. p. 3510. Bu- bonius, Lam. p. 203. T. ovali, sub-quadrata, levi; spira brevi; anfractibus angulatis, ad angulum tuberculatis, ultimo tuberculorum seriebus tribus; apertura sub-quadrata ; labio externo posticé elevato, medio incras- sato; sinu antico magno. Oval, ventricose, angulated, smooth; spire rather short, tuber- culated at the angle of the whorls, with three rows of tubercles on the last whorl, those on the posterior angle largest. General co- lour light brown, with zigzag patches of white on the rows of tubercles. Antilles. 39, S, eranuatus. (pl. ix. f. 100.) Sowerby Zool. Journ. T. ovali, sub-quadrata, spiraliter striata; spira longiuscula; an- fractibus angulatis, tuberculis coronatis, ultimo seriebus tribus tuberculornm minorum, margine flexuoso; labio interno tenui, expanso; labio externo crasso, sub-inflexo, posticé elevato, interné granulato; sinu anticé magno. A species resembling S. fasciatus in shape, with brown and blackish spots arranged in bands on a light ground; the aperture is white within, yellow inclining to orange on the margins; the inner surface of the outer lip is granulated. 40. S. ruersirss. (pl. x, f. 109.) Gray. T. ovali, spiraliter striata; spird elongata; anfractibus angu- latis, acuté tuberculatis, ultimo gibboso, ventricoso, margine crasso, expanso; apertura sub-quadrata; labio interno crasso, ex- panso; posticé elevato, calloso; labio externo crasso, posticé elevato, quadrato, medio crasso. 34 The ground colour of this shell is white, with spots of deep brown arranged in bands, the spire is rather long and slender, the lips of the aperture are thick, and formed into an elevated square at the upper part, they are of a buff colour, with band-like spots on the outer margin. In the collection of Mr. Cuming and Miss Saul. Rurutu. 41. S. rricornis. (pl. x. f. 103, 107.) Humph. Portland Cata- logue, p. 5. T. ventricosa, sub-trigona, levi, spiraliter obscuré rostrata ; spira brevi, nodulosa ; anfractibus angulatis, ultimi margine flexuoso, crasso, ad angulum tuberculis tribus magnis, mediano maximo, elongato; apertura sub-trigona; labio externo dilatato, crasso, posticé elevato in spinam ad angulum posticum elongato. A triangular shell, with three tubercles on the back of the body whorl, the largest in the centre, the outer lip is elevated and elon- gated at the outer angle, the ground colour is white or pale brown, in some varieties very elegantly mottled with dark brown streaks and patches ; the aperture is buff. Antilles. 42. S. peruvianvs. (pl. x. f. 110.) Sw. Zool. Illust. T. trigona; spiraliter costata; spira obtusa; anfractibus nodu- losis, ultimo magno, tuberculis magnis coronato, ad dorsum uno maximo, in medio serie tuberculorum minorum ; apertura sub-tri- gona; labio interno posticé crenato; labio externo in angulum acutum elevato. The colour of this shell is pinkish brown; the aperture is buff, tinged with deep rose and orange. 43. S. ropatus. (pl. viii. f. 76, 77, 78.) Sw. Zool. Illustr. 1821. S. bituberculatus, Lam. vii. p. 202. (1822.) T. trigona, spiraliter costata; spira brevi, tuberculata; anfractu ultimo margine expanso flexuoso, ad angulum tuberculis coronato, dorso duobus maximis armato, in medio seriebus duabus tubercu- culorum minorum ; apertura sub-trigona, posticé plicaté; labio externo expanso posticé bilobato, interné crenulato, The usual ground colour is grey, mottled with greenish brown. The variety, figure 78, is destitute of the two large tubercles which generally characterize the species. Antilles. 44. S. eauuus. (pl. x. f. 108, 111.) T. S. lobato simili, tuberculis maximis tribus; labio externo magis dilatato, posticé in digitam attenuato; canali anticé elon- gato. Resembling S. lobatus, but having three large tubercles, the two minor rows of tubercles wanting, the outer lip much more expanded, with a posterior elongated lobe, and an anterior caudal canal. Asia and America ? 45. S. accipirrinus. (pl. x. f. 115, 116.) T. sub-trigona, spiraliter costata; spiraé brevi; anfractibus an- gulatis, ad angulum tuberculatis, ultimo marginé expanso, tuber- culis magnis duobus, mediano maximo; apertura lata; labio 35 interno expanso; externo posticé angulato, medio crasso, sub- reflexo. A large white, short, thick species, with a very large tubercle on the dorsal part of the angle of the last whorl, and one rather smaller between it and the margin. 46. S. ivermis. (pl. x, f. 113.) Sw. Bligh Catalogue. T.S. accipitrino simili, sed longiore; spira magis attenuata ; tuberculis principalibus minoribus; anfractu ultimo medio crenu- lato. Like S. accipitrinus, but longer, with the spire more attenuated ; the principal tubercles smaller; the last whorl is crenulated in the middle, 47. S. aicas. (pl. x. f. 117.) Linn. Syst. Nat. p. 1210. T. sub-quadrata, angulata, rugosa, spiraliter costata; spira mediocri; anfractibus angulatis, tuberculis magnis, elongatis, armatis; apertura lata; labio externo dilatato, tenui, posticé in alam sub-quadratam elevato. This well-known shell, the largest but one of the genus, is of a buff colour, with a greenish brown epidermis, the aperture beauti- fully tinted with rose colour. Antilles. 48, S. Gouartn. (pl. x. f. 118.) Chemn. xi. p. 147. T. ovali, rugosa, spiraliter, distanter, sulcata sulcis duplicatis ; anfractibus ad angulum obtusé nodulosis; labio externo laté ex- panso, complanato, posticé in alam rotundatam elevato; sinu antico parvo. Oval, rugose, with distant, double, spiral grooves; the whorls obtusely angulated with large blunt tubercles; the outer lip, espe- cially at the upper part, is widely expanded and flattened ; the an- terior sinus is shallow. The colour is white, shaded with light pink, and yellow in the aperture. 49. S. auris-pian®. (pl. ix. f. 101, 102.) Linn. Syst. Nat. p. 1209. T. ovali, levi; spira glabrata; anfractibus angulatis; ad angu- lum plicato-tuberculatis, ultimo lato; apertura angusta, canali elongato, recurvo; labio interno tenui expanso, margine spiram tegente; labio externo crasso, sub-inflexo, posticé in digitam elon- gato; sinu antico magno. The back of this shell is white, marbled with purplish brown; the inner lip is continued in a glassy enamel covering the spire and the front of the shell, the inside of the aperture is richly tinted with deep vermilion. 50. S. Lamarcku. (pl. ix. f. 98, 99. varieties, 88, 93.) Gray. T. S. Auris-Diane simili, sed rugosa, crassiore; labio interno minus expanso; apertura interné crenulata. This species nearly resembles Auris-Diane, but is rugose, having two rows of tubercles besides those on the angle, and the inside of the aperture is crenulated at both extremities. Some 36 varieties however, occur, which connect the two species rather closely. Fig. 88 is a very fine variety from the collection of Mr. Cuming, with an orange aperture. Fig. 93 is one belonging to Mr. Norris, which has not the crenulations in the aperutre. East Indies. 51. S. MELANosToMA. (pl. ix. f. 89, 90, 94.) Sw. S. adustus, Nonnull. T. ovali,sub elongata, angulata, rugosd; spira mediocri; anfrac- tibus tuberculatis; apertura angusta; labio interno expanso; labio externo crasso, sub-inflexo, posticé, in digitam elongato elevato. A species resembling the two former in shape, having the external rugosity and internal crenulation of S. Lamarckii. The inner lip and the margin of the outer lip are of a deep black, except in the varieties, fig. 89 and 94, in which the anterior part of the inner lip and a wider portion of the outer lip are of an orangecolour. The variety, f. 89, is remarkable for the shortness of the posterior digi- tated lobe. East Indies. 52. S. paciricus. (pl. ix. f. 95.) Sw. Exotic Conchology. T. sub-trigona, leevi, spiraliter sulcata; spira elongata; anfrac- tibus angulatis, plicato-tuberculatis; apertura interné sulcata, sulcis fulvo-inter-lineatis; labio interno calloso, expanso; labio externo expanso, ad anfractus tres elevato; posticé lato, uni-lobato. The shell is pinkish white, ornamented by zigzag lines and patches of light brown, the outer lip is broadly expanded, and so elevated as to reach three whorls of the spire; the inside of the aperture is strongly ribbed, of an orange colour between the ribs. Pacific Ocean. 53. S, AusTra.is. (pl. ix. f. 96, 97.) nobis. T. ovali, rugosa, spiraliter costata; spira elongata; anfractibus angulatis, plicato-tuberculatis, ultimo costis tuberculatis duabus ; apertura lata; labio interno anticé gibboso; labio interno ad anfrac- tus duos elevato, validé expanso, uni-lobato, inttis sulcato, posticé costis duabus magnis, marginé crasso, sub-inflexo, intts crenulato : canali recurvo. A white shell, tinged with purple, banded at the margin with brown, with deep reddish brown on the margins of the inner and outer lips; the shape resembles that of S. pacificus, but it is more square, and thicker; the inner and outer lips are both gibbous in front, the outer lip is sulcated within, having two large distinct ribs near the suture. Australia. 54, S. Gauearus. (pl. x. f. 114.) Sw. Phil. Mag. (1823.) S. crenatus. Sowerby, Tank. Cat. (1825 ) S. Galea, Wood’s Cat. T. sub-conica, spiraliter costata; spira brevissima; apertura lata ; labio interno tenui, expanso; labio externo expanso, crasso, cre- nato, posticé lato. This shell is remarkable for the large rounded ribs and for the conical form of the young specimen. When in good preservation, 37 it is covered by a rather thickish brown epidermis, the inner lip is orange, the outer lip white, banded with orange. 55, S. papiio. (pl. vii. f. 44.) Chemn. S. exustus, Humph. T. ovali, rugosa, spiraliter striata, seriatim tuberculata; spira brevi; anfractibus angulatis; ad angulum tuberculatis; apertura angusta, nigra, striata; canali bi-emarginato; labio externo postice trilobato, medio incrassato, sub-inflexo, inter sinum anticum et canalem dentato; labio interno anticé emarginato. The ground colour of this shell is a whitish grey, with three irregular interrupted bands of light brown with dark coloured zigzag lines ; the inner lining of the aperture is of a deep red, in- clining to black. 56, S. Lenricrnosus. (pl. viii, f. 79.) Linn. Syst. Nat. p. 1208. T. ovali, rugosa, crassa, seriatim tuberculata; spira brevi; an- fractibus angulatis; tuberculis magnis, coronatis; apertura an- gusta; canali bi-emarginato; labio externo posticé trilobato, medio incrassato, inter sinum anticum et canalem dentato; labio interno gibboso, posticé elevato, anticé truncato. The colour of this shell is whitish grey with brown spots, the aperture of a delicate pinkish white, obscurely banded. S. Pa- pilio resembles this species, but is thinner, with a black striated aperture, East Indies. 57. S. uatissimus. (pl. x. f. 112.) Linn. Syst. Nat. p. 1211. T. ovali, ventricosa, truncata, spiraliter obsoleté costata; spira mediocri; anfractibus sub-angulatis, tuberculatis; ultimo sub- complanato, lateraliter gibboso, margine validé expanso; apertura lata; labio interno incrassato; labio externo latissimo expanso, posticé elevato, medio laté inflexo; sinu antico parvo, The general colour is pale brown, with interrupted bands of white, and longitudinal undulated streaks of dark reddish brown; the aperture is white, much expanded, and remarkable for the broad flattened inflection in the central part. 58. S. uaciniatus. (pl. x. f. 105.) Chemn. S. cristatus, Lam. vii. p. 202. T. ovali, spiraliter striata; spirad elongata; anfractibus angu- latis, tuberculatis, ultimo propé aperturam gibboso, sub-compla- nato, ad dorsum tuberculis magnis tribus, mediano maximo, armato, margine expanso; apertura magna; labio externo ex- panso, posticé supra spiram decurrente, quadri-lobato, medio laté inflexo, anticé inter sinum et canalem dentato; sinu magno. The colour of this beautiful shell is light brown with interrupted light bands at the back, and white with zigzag brown lines in front; the inner part of the aperture is deep purplish brown. The inflected and lobed margin of the outer lip, which is expanded and carried upwards to the apex of the spire; the general form of the body whorl ; and the prominent dentated lobe between the anterior sinus and the canal point out the close relation which this species bears to the genus Pteroceras. The author is unable to identify S, persicus and S. Integer, Sw. 38 EXPLANATION OF PLATES. STROMBIS. 1. S. deformis. var. Sp. 5. 46 2. — Columba, var. 6. 47. 3, — piVat: 48 4. — minimus. 1]. 49 Sa Miva: 50 6. — Columba, var. 6. 51 . 6 ———— 52 8. —deformis, 5, 53 9, —variabilis. 9. 54 10, — Sibbaldii, 12. 55 i], ————_ 56 12. —epidromis, 10. 57 13. — variabilis, var. 9. 58 14, — Vals 59 15. —labiosus. 8. 60 pa civars 61 17. — marginatus, 14, 62. 18. — gibberulus, var, 26. 63. _—————EE_ 64 20. —succinctus, var. 13. 65. 21, — —_——_ 66 22. — Campbelli. 3. 67. 23. — ———_—— 68 24, — gibberulus, var. 27. 69 25, —-——_—_——, var. 70 26, — ——_—_—, var. 27. rp! 27. —vittatus, var. 4. 238, — ————_— 72 29, — 73 30. — , Var, sulcatus 74 31. — , var, turritus. 75 32, —lineatus. 15. 76 33. — Wie 34, —urceus. 21. 78 on = , var. 79 36. — , Var, 80 37. — war; 81 38. —dilatatus., 7. 82 39, — ————_— 83 40. — mutabilis. 20. 84 41, — urceus, var. 21. 85 42, — , var. 86 43. — elegans, 25. 87. 44, — Papilio, 55. 88 45. — mutabilis, var. 20. | 89 . S. mutabilis, var. , var, . — elegans, var. 25, . — mutabilis, var. 20. . — cylindricus, var, 16. . — Heemastoma. 51. . —mutabilis. var. 20. . — maculatus, 22. . — Luhuanus. 17. . — coniformis. 18. . — plicatus. 24. . —cylindricus. var. 16. . —rugosus. 23. . —cylindricus. 16. . —Trugosus. 23. . —coniformis. 18. — crispatus. 2. — . — Fissurella. 1. , var. . —glabratus. 32. .0—=TIsabella: 37: . —canarium. 36. . — Isabella, var. teniatus. 7. . — pyrulatus, var. 34. . —gracilior. 35. . —pugilis. 33. . — pyrulatus. 34. . — lobatus. 43. — , var. . —lentiginosus. 56. . —dubius, 19. . — Bulbulus. 31. , var. var. . —terebellatus, var. 30. . —dentatus. 29. var. a. a ee. . — Lamarckii, var. 50. . —melanostoma, var. 51 39 390, S. Melanostoma | 105. S. laciniatus, 58. 91. — fusiformis. 23. | 106. — fasciatus. 38. 92. — —___ 107. — tricornis. 41. 93. — Lamarckii, var. 50. 108. — Gallus. 44. 94. — melanostoma, var. 51]. 109. — Thersites. 40. 95. — Pacificus. 52. 110. — Peruvianus. 42. 96. — Australis. 53. 111. — Gallus, var. 44. 97. — ——————. 112, — latissimus. 57. 98. — Lamarckii. 50. 113. — inermis. 46. 99. — ————_ 50. 114. — galeatus, 54. 100 — granulatus, 39. 115. — accipitrinus. 45. 10]. — Auris-Diane. 49. 116, — ————— 102. — ————_ 117. — gigas. 47. 103. — tricornis. 41. 118. —Goliath. 48. 104. — faseiatus. 38. : i A, : aaa, ©" Dies mS ¥is Pie . aA ud] ~ Rae. tn PAE 2 OU ein oy w! hah ee ARR Y= } re, tan Ch. Pte a ue may Mi AL? 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JUste 41 MONOGRAPH OF THE GENUS PTEROCERAS. Char. Gen. Testa ovali, angulata, spiraliter costata; spira conica, anfractibus angulatis apertura elongata, anticé que pos- ticé, in digitam canaliferam desinente ; interné longitudinaliter uniplicata; labio externo etate dilatato, incrasato, digitis arcuatis canaliferis diviso; operculo corneo, ungulatim acuminato. The shells of this genus are generally of an oval shape, angulated on the upper part of the whorls, and spirally ribbed. The aperture is elongated, terminating at each extremity in a lengthened caudiform canal. When full grown, the outer lip is expanded, thickened and divided into from four to eight hollow digitations. The anterior sinus is separated from the canal by a prominent lobe; the inner lip is thickened, and, when mature, unites with the upper part of the outer lip in partly concealing the spire. DESCRIPTIONS. 1. Pt. TRUNCATUM. (pl. xi. f. 13.) Zam. Anim. sans Vert. vii. p. 195. T. magna, ovali, spiraliter costata, alba, lutescente, vel pallidé rosea; spiraé nodulosé, apicé truncata, complanata ; apertura levi; labio externo digitis quinque brevibus, sub-rectis. This species, which is the largest of the genus, differs from P. Lambis in the apex of the spire, the top of which is trun- cated and flattened. The shell is about a foot in length, and in the oldest specimens we have seen, the digitations are much shorter than those of P. Lambis. Polynesia and Australia. 2. Pt. Lamais. (pl. xi. f. 5, 6, 7.) Lin. Syst. Nat. p. 1208. T. subtrigona, spiraliter costata, angulaté; anfractu ultimo tuberculorum seriebus tribus; tuberculo magno dorsali ad angulum; apertura levi, canalibus sub-elongatis; labio externo expanso ; digitis quinque sub-recurvis. This species seldom reaches above half the length of P truncatus, and the apex of the spire is acute. The colour varies in the aperture from white to dark clouded orange, and E 42 on the back from pinkish white, mottled with brown, to greyish white, mottled with black. India. Ceylon. 3. Pt. AURANTIA. (pl. xi. f. 11.) Lam. Anim. sans Vert. vii. p. 198. T. sub-quadrata, spiraliter striata, seriebus tribus tuberculorum cincta, alba, rufo-maculata; apertura elongata, aurantiaca, levi, canalibus duobus et digitis quinque tenuis, arcuatis, elongatis; labio interno angusto, anticé gibboso. The digitations of this smooth orange-mouthed species are elongated, slender, and curved upwards. East Indies. 4, Pt. Cuiracra. (pl. xi. f. 12.) Lin. Syst. Nat. p. 1207. T. ponderosa, magna, spiraliter costaté, ad angulum tuberculaté, rufa, pallidé fulva, fusco-maculata; apertura excavata, interné plicataé, rosea, nigrostriaté; canalibus terminalibus (postico preecipué) recurvis, digitis marginalibus quatuor arcuatis, una inter canalem et sinum; labio interno gibboso, nigrescente, interné striato. In this well known species the posterior canal is strongly recurved and bent downwards over the spire as far as the angle. The digitations are large and strongly curved; one of them being placed on the lobe between the sinus and the canal; the aperture is deep. Kast Indies. 5. Pt. ruGosum. (pl. xi. f. 9. 10.) nodis. T. crassa, sub-ovali, spiraliter striata, costis quatuor nodulosis cincta, digitis crassis, arcuatis, terminalibus, recurvis, una inter sinum anticum et canalem; apertura; lata, validé excavata, intus uniplicata, sulcis nigris striata; labio interno sulcis nigris striato. After careful examination, we have arrived at the conclusion that this shell, although generally regarded as a mere variety of Pt. Chiragra, is perfectly distinct. The principal difference consists in the comparative smoothness and flatness of the inner lip and the strong downward curve of the posterior canal, which reaches the angle of the body whorl in Pt. Chiragra. Pt. rugosum is thick, sub-oval, spirally striated, with four tubercu- lated ribs on the body whorl, below the angle. The digitations are thick and curved, the posterior terminal one, although somewhat recurved is not bent downwards over the spire, as in Pt. Chiragra. The aperture is wide, and very deep, with the interior strongly plicated, and transversely sulcated with black interstices ; the inner lip is sulcated in the same manner. The general colour of the shell is light brown mottled with ‘darker touches and blackish stripes on the terminations of the digitations. The aperture is more or less strongly tinctured with rose colour; the black striped grooves covering a larger 43 portion of the interior in one variety than in the other. South Seas. 6. Pt. Scorpio. (pl. xi. f. 1.) Linn. Gmel. p. 3508. No. 4. T. sub-quadrata, spiraliter sulcata, tuberculorum seriebus tribus cincta, tuberculorum dorsalium tribus ad angulum maximis, tuberculis intermediis parvis, digitis septem, terminalibus, elongatis, tuberculatis ; postica ad basin in alam complanatam dilatata; aperturaelongata, ad marginem carneola, intus purpurea, costis albis nigro interlineatis, transversis ; labio interno costis albis nigro interlineatis. This species is distinguished from the rest by the knobs in the digitations, for which reason it is generally called the “ Gouty Scorpion.” Moluccas, East Indies. 7. Pt. Pseuposcorpio. (pl. xi. f. 2.) Lam. T. crassa, sub-quadrata, spiraliter costataé, tuberculorum seriebus tribus cincta, ad angulum tuberculis magnis, digitis septem, crassis, vix nodulosis; posticd ad basin crassa; apertura sulcis interlineatis, irregularibus, elongatis, ad labium internum distantibus, ornata. Differing from Pt. scorpio in the thickness and comparative smoothness of the digitations, in the absence of the flattened lobe at the base of the posterior canal, and in the comparative coarseness of the sulci on the inner lip. The colour is of a whitish brown mottled with darker brown, which is darkest at the extremities; the aperture in one variety is light brown, and in the other of a dark reddish brown, with narrow white ribs interlined with black. 8. Pt. MILLIPEDA. (pl. xi. f. 3.) Linn. T. ovali, sub-levigata, spiraliter levitér striata, dorso ad angulum tuberculis magnis; infra-angulum seriebus duabus tuberculorum; digitis decem, parvis; tribus posticis uneta antica, longiusculis; medianis brevissimis, arcuatis: apertura sub-levigata, intis albo sulcata, fulvo-interlineata, margine dilatata, tenui. The general colour is whitish brown mottled with darker brown, with a narrow blackish line at the suture of the whorls; the aperture is of a smoky brown, which is darker between the white ridges. Philippines, Indian Ocean. 9. P. MULTIPES. (pl. xi. f. 8.) Chemn. (Strombus) 10. pl. 159. f. 1494, 1495. Purpurascens Swainson. T. Sub-ovali, alba, fusco-maculata, spiraliter striata, dorso ad angulum tuberculis maximis; infra-angulum costis tribus noduliferis, margine costato; apertura sulcis elevatis striata, fauce purpurea; labio externo dilatato, margine fulvo-fasciato digitis (extra canalem posticam) decem, sub-complanatis, dd parvis, antica bilobata; labio interno angusto, vix sulcato, anticé gibboso, rosea tincto. A most beautiful shell, rarely seen in perfection. It is white, beautifully and regularly marked with brown; the outer lip is much dilated, strongly grooved, and banded on the margin between the digitations with pinkish buff; the inside is marked by a tinge of rich purple. There are ten small flattish digitations besides the caudal canal. 10. P. Exroneatuo. (pl. xi. f. 4.) Swains. Sow. Tank. Cat. P. Croceum, Reeve. Conch. Syst. pl, 248. f. 2. (G. B. S. Jun. regrets the necessity of changing his opinion, with respect to the relative merits of the two names given above. The author of the Tankerville Catalogue has expressed his assurance that the name elongatum was published by Swainson previously to being quoted in that work. The name is also in common use. | T. sub-elongata, spiraliter sulcata, tuberculis magnis ad angulum, costis noduliferis, infra~angulum; spira elongata, acuminata; apertura sub-angustata; labio externo crasso, margine lato, complanato, intts sulcis albis purpureo interlineatis, striato; labio interno crasso, sulcato, margine distincto, digitis extra canalem anticam Octo, quarum una postica, elongata, bilobata, tum una sub-recta, sub-elongata, deinde sex brevibus obtusis. This species is remarkable for the elongated spire, and the flattened margin of the outer lip, with the short obtuse digitations. The colour is the same as in other species, with purplish black lines between the white grooves of the aperture, and a strong tinge of yellow inside. EXPLANATION OF PLATE XI. 1. Pteroceras Scorpio Sp. 6. 2. Pseudoscorpio. 7. 3. Millepeda. 8. 4, elongatum. 10, De Lambis. 2. 6. » Var. 7. ——_—__———_. var. 8. Multipes. 9. 9. rugosum, var. 5. 0 11. ———— Aurantia. 3. 12, ————— Chiragra. 4. 13, ————— truncatum. Sp. 1. MONOGRAPH OF THE GENUS PECTEN. Char. Gen. Molluscum acephalopodum monomyarium. Testa interdum libera, ineequivalvi, subzequilaterali, biauriculata, plerumque radiatim costata, atque regulari; cardine recta, foveola trigona centrali cartiliginem recipiente; ligamentum lineare ; umbonibus contiguis. Obs. The bivalve shells included in this genus are free, regular, inequivalye, subequilateral, with a pair of triangular flattened auricles forming the hinge margin in each valve; and ribs radiating from the point of the umbones. The hinge is straight and toothless, with a linear ligament near the edge, and a triangular pit in the centre, containing the elastic sub- stance called the cartilage. In nearly all the species, there is a sinus in the anterior auricle of the lower, or right valve, apparently to admit the passage of a byssus. In nearly all cases the colouring is much paler in the right valve (therefore considered the lower) than in the left, and in many instances the rich tints and markings which adorn the latter, are entirely wanting in the former. DESCRIPTIONS. Sp. 1. P. maximus. (pl. xv. f. 98 to 100.) Linn. Syst. Nat. p, 1144. T. subrotundata, lateralitér expansa, subdepressa ; umboni- bus lavibus,marginibus striatis; valva sinistra prope umbonem concava, prope mediam paululim elevata; auriculis magnis, rectangulatis, striatis, cardiné obliqué plicato ; costis 12 ad 14 subdepressis, rotundatis, sulcatis, latis; interstitiis sulcatis ; colore albo-lutescente, vel fusco-lutescente, fusco vel rubro precipué ad umbones, angulariter maculato. Long. 6. 50.; lat. 1.60.5, alt. 6.5 poll. A large, rounded, inequivalve species, rather spread at the sides, and having 12 or 14 rounded, sulcated, rather flattish ribs in each valve. It is smooth near the umbones, and in the 46 upper valve has an elevation between the umbo, which is concave, and the centre. This is thecommon Britishand Medi- terranean Scallop Shell. Mr. Cuming has a specimen from Brazil. 2. P. srmiuis. (pl. xvi. f. 116. 117.) nobis. T. P. maximo simillima, sed costis in valva sinistra magis elevatis, magis sulcatis, in valva dextra leviuscula; valva sinistra externé concava. Long. 3. 70.; lat. 0. 60.; alt. 3. 40.; poll. Dittering from P. maximus in having the ribs in the upper valve more elevated and more deeply sulcated; the upper valve has not the same elevation near the centre. We have only seen one specimen, which belongs to the Rev. F. J. Stainforth. Great Britain ? 3. P. Jacopavs. (pl. xv. f. 107. 108. and pl. xvii. f. 153.) Linn. Syst. Nat. p. 1144. T. subrotunda, lateraliter expansa, subdepressa; valva sinistra, prope umbonem concava, lateribus elevatis ; auriculis” latis, rectangulatis, concavis, propé marginem sulcatis; costis 14 ad 16, in valva sinistra valde elevatis, rotundatis, concentricé striatis ; invalyadextra valdé elevatis, quadratis, valdé radiatim sulcatis, sulcis moniliformibus, interstitiis concentricé striatis ; colore albo-lutescente, vel fusco-lutescente, fusco vel rubro angulariter maculato. Long. 6. 50.; lat. 1. 75.; alt. 6.; poll. This British shell differs from P. maximus in the character of the ribs, which in the upper valve are much raised and concentrically striated, and in the lower valve are square, elevated, deeply grooved, and deeply undercut. Great Britain? and Mediterranean. 4, P. Laqueatus. (pl. xv. f. 101.) nobis. T. rotundataé; valva dextraé costis 7, latis, sublevibus, subquadratis, complanatis, obsoleté radiatim sulcatis, utrinque ad latera tribus minoribus ; interstitiis angustatis, planis; valva sinistra ignota; colore albo, ad umbonem purpureo tincto. Long. 4. 20., lat. 1. 20.; alt. 3. 50.; poll. We have only the deep valve of this species. The principal ribs are seven in number, broad, flattened, with subangular edges; there are also three or four smaller ribs on each side; the interstices are narrow. Brought by Capt. Dixon frora N. W. America. 5. P. meptivs. (pl. xv. f. 102, 103, 104. pl. xvii. f. 177, 178.) Lam. Anim. s. Vert. vi. p. 163. P. Jati-costatus, British Museum. T. sub-rotundata, sub-depressa, levi; valva sinistra plana, 47 prope umbonem sub-concava, lateribus paululim elevatis ; auriculis equalibus, latis, concavis, propé marginem sulcatis ; costis in valya simistra 14, angustatis, ad latera angulatis, planis, in valva dextra 16, latis, divisis, depressis, sub-rotun- datis ; interstitiils in valva sinistra latis, planis, in medio sub- costatis, in valva dextra angustatis ; colore albo-lutescente vel fusco, rubro-maculato vel rubro, albo-maculato vel purpureo fasciato. Long. 3. 30. lat. 0. 80.; alt. 2. 80.; poll. The ribs in the upper valve are narrow, and angulated at the side, those of the lower are broad, and generally divided in the centre, the breadth of the ribs in the lower valve corres- ponding with the broad interstices in the upper. West Indies. 6. P. sutcicosrarus. (pl. xiii. f. 35, 36.) nob. T. rotundata, radiatim sulcata, sub-ventricosé; auriculis latis, excavatis, striatis; costis 12, in valva sinistra elevatis, sub-quadratis, sulcatis; in valva dextra rotundatis, striatis, interstitiis in valva sinistra mediocris, sulcatis, in valva dextra sub-nullis; colore valve sinistre pallidé fulvo, rubro-fulgurato, valve dextree purpureo. Long. 1. 65.; lat.0. 50.; alt. 1. 50; poll. , Rounded, radiately sulcated, rather ventricose ; the auricles wide, concave, striated; the ribs 12 in number, in the left valve elevated, rather square, sulcated, in the right valve rounded and striated, with scarcely any interstices. The interstices in the left valve are as wide as the ribs, and suleated. The colour of the left valve is pale fawn, with angulated streaks of red, in the right valve itis purple. From Mr. Norris’s Collection. 7. P. suB-vrrinis. (pl. xvii. f. 165, 166.) nodis. T. sub-rotunda, sub-ventricosa; valva sinistra propé um- bonem concava, lateribus elevatis; auriculis latis, rectangulatis, concavis, propé marginem sulcatis; costis centralibus 13, in valva sinistra elevatis, rotundatis, levibus; lateralibus minori- bus: in valva dextra, obsoleté sulcatis, rotundatis, interstitiis concentricé striatis, colore valve superioris fusco-viridescente, valve inferioris albo, ad umbonem luteo, in medio sub-fusco. Long. 2. 20.; lat. 0. 60.; alt. 2; poll. Resembling P. Jacobceus in form, but less spread at the sides,with the deep valve more ventricose, and the ribs in both valves rounded and nearly smooth; the upper valve is of a greenish brown colour. 8. P. ruscus. (pl. xvi. f. 118, 119.) Klein. T. rotundata, ventricosa, levi; valva siistra ad umbonem 48 concava, ad latera paululum elevata; valva dextra ad umbonem valdé convexa, ad marginem valvam alteram superante; auriculis latis, rectangulatis, striatis, concavis; costis 14, in valva sinistra sub-quadratis, angustis, in valva dextra latioribus, rotundatis, interstitiis planis; colore fusco-nigres- cente vel rubescente, intts fulvo-nebuloso. Long. 3. 50.; lat. 1.5 alt. 3.20.5 poll: Rounded, ventricose, smooth, with the left valve concave at the apex, rather elevated at the sides, the right valve very convex at the apex, overlapping the other valve at the margin ; the auricles are wide, rectangular, striated, concave ; the ribs are 14 in number, in the upper valve they are narrow and nearly square, in the lower they are wider and rounded, with smooth interstices. The colour is blackish or reddish brown ; the inside clouded with ligh t brown. 9. P. Sinewsis. (pl. xvi. f. 120, 121, 134.) nobis. T. rotundata, ventricosa, concentricé striata; auriculis concavis, striatis, valva sinistra valdé concava, costis centra- libus duodecim, quadratis, complanatis, sulcatis, angustatis ; lateralibus parvis; interstitiis latis, concentricé striatis; valva dextra ventricosa ; costis latis 14, rotundatis, obsoleté radiatim sulcatis, interstitiis angustis, margine alteram valvam superante; colore fulvo-rufescente, fusco-maculato, et angulatim lineato. Long 3. 10.$ lat. 0. 70.3 alt. 2.°70.; poll. Differing from P. fuscus in having the upper valve deeply concave, the ribs flatter, the interstices concentrically striated. The prevailing colour is light reddish brown, mottled with darker brown ; near the umbones outside the greater part of the inside and two or three ribs white. China. 10. P. Ziezac. (pl. xvi. f. 129 to 133.) Linn. Syst. Nat. p. 1144. T. rotundata, ventricosa, levi; auriculis magnis, rectangu- latis, distanter sulcatis; valva sinistra complanata, lateribus planis; costis 31, depressis, alternatis, interstitiis angustis, minutissimé striatis ; valva dextra costis viginti quatuor, latis, prope umbonem obsoletis, interstitiis nullis; colore variegato. Tsong. 3. 60; lat. 0. 90.3 ‘alt. 3: 30°;"poll: Rounded, ventricose, smooth ; the auricles having one or two broad slightly raised ribs on the upper part; the upper valve flat, with a broad area on each side destitute of ribs, the ribs 31 in number, the intermediate ones filling up the inter- stices so that only narrow serrated grooves remain; the lower valve radiated with 23 grooves, which are nearly obsolete near the umbones. The variations in colour are numerous, 49 that of the under valve being generally of a reddish brown, softened into purple or white towards the umbones and auricles; in the upper valve being variegated with white spots, interrupted rays of brown and zigzag lines; in one variety the upper valve is nearly black, and the under valve white, with fulvous lines in the grooves. Mr. Cuming has specimens from the Red Sea and the Philippine Islands. 11. P. penratus. (pl. xv. f. 105, 106.) Sow. Zool. Proc. 1835. p. 109. “T. valdé inequivalvi, equilaterali; auriculis equalibus, valya (sinistra) planulata, sulcato-radiata et striata, altera valdé convexa, levigaté, radiatim sulcata, margine ventrali profunde dentato: long. 3. 75.; lat. 1.5.5 alt. 3. 5. poll.” The edges of the ribs are deeply cut in the form of teeth, and the edge of the upper valve falls deeply within. St. Elena. 12. P. Eryrura@ensis. (pl. xviii. f. 163, 164.) ? T. rotundata, ventricosa, levi; auriculis concavis, magnis ; valvA sinistra concava, costis concavis, medianis, distantibus novem; ad latera utrinque tribus minoribus; valva dextra costis duodecim, rotundatis, latis, ad marginem valvam alteram superante ; colore albo-lutescente, rubro-variegato, umbonibus purpureo-tinctis, interné fusco-purpurascente. Long. 2. 10; lat. 0. 60.; alt. 2.5 poll. The general character of this species is similar to that of P. fuscus, but the shell is narrower, and the ribs fewer in number and flatter, those in the upper valve being crossed with lines and spots of red. Found in coral sand in the Red Sea. 13. P. pyxrpatus. (pl. xii. f. 24, 25.) Born. Mus. Ces. Vind. t. 6. f. 5, 6. Ostreea sulcata, Gmel. T. ineequivalvi, rotundata; auriculis sub-eequalibus, magnis, costatis ; valva sinistra complanata, propé umbones excavata, costis viginti-duobus, angustis; distantibus et minoribus, numerosis, lateralibus, interstitiis latis, complanatis, valva dextra ventricosissima; margine alteram superante, costis leevibus, latis, interstitiis nullis. Long. 2. 40; lat. 0. 60.; alt. 2. 20.; poll. Inequivalve, orbicular; the auricles large and nearly equal, with several fine cost; the upper valve flat, inversely hollowed near the umbones, the ribs, twenty-two in number, are narrow and distant, with some smaller ones at the sides, which are rather elevated, the interstices are wide and flat; the dextral valve is very ventricose, the margin over-reaching the other, the ribs are smooth and wide, with no interstices. F 50 China, Australia, St. Nicholas, Zebu. Sandy mud, 10 fathoms, Mr. Cuming. 14, P. aspEr. (pl. xix. f. 196, 197.) nobis. T. sub-rotundata, sub-compressa; auriculis latis, obsolete striatis, valve dextre ad marginem serratis ; valva sinistra sub-complanata, versus umbones paululum elevata; costis octodecim, angulatis, prope marginem bi-angulatis, angulis serratis, interstitiis angustis, planis, concentricé striatis : valva dextra ventricosa, costis octodecim, rotundatis, ad umbonem angulatis, concentricé striatis ; interstitiis angustis, planis: colore valve superioris pallidé rubro, lineis concen- tricis minutis strigato, interstitiis rubris, valve inferioris albo, lineis paucis, rubris, concentricis; costis rubro interlineatis, umbone rubrotincto. Long. 1. 40.3 lat. 0. 30.3 alt. 1. 20.; poll. More flattened than any of the preceding species; the auricles are nearly equal, flat and broad, those of the lower valve serrated at the margin; the upper valve is nearly flat, and very slightly elevated near the umbones; the ribs, eighteen in number, are angulated near the umbones, and the tops flattened so as to form a double angle near the margin ; the angles are finely serrated; the lower valve rather ventri- cose, with the ribs more rounded near the margin than in the other; the interstices in both valves are narrow and flat; a general tint of dull red is made in the upper valve by minute concentric touches on the ribs, and bands in the interstices ; these being less numerous and more distant in the lower valve, leave it nearly white. New Guinea. (Mr. Hinds.) 15. P. InzQUIVALVIS. (pl. xix. f. 193 to 195.) ? Portland Catalogue. T. sub-rotundata, sub-compressa, obliqua, posticé expansa, concentricé striata; auriculis sub-zqualibus, parvis; anticis minoribus; valva sinistra sub-complanata, versus umbones paululum elevata, costis octodecim, sub-angulatis, elevatis ; interstitiis angustis, planis; valva dextra ventricosa, costis octodecim, elevatis, rotundatis, prope marginem sub-quadratis; interstitiis, angustis, planis; colore valve superioris griseo, brunneo-nigrescente aboque maculato; valve inferioris albo- rufescente ; costis fusco-maculatis; lateribus griseo-maculatis. Meet valva inferiori rubro-maculata. Long. 1. 30.; lat. 0. ; alt. 1. 20.5 poll. This species, as well as the last, presents a medium between those with the deep lower valve, ‘and those which have both valves deep, the upper valve of this being rather ventricose in 51 in the centre. It is a thicker shell than the last, with the auricles much smaller, and on the whole more ventricose. Some young specimens were brought from the Philippine Islands by Mr. Cuming. 16. P. ASPERSUS. (pl. xix. f. 198, 199.) Sow. Zool. Proc. 1835. p. 110. *'T, sub-orbiculari, depressiuscula, sub-eequivalvi, eequilate- rali, auriculis ineequalibus, dextra majuscula, valvarum altera radiatim costata, pallescente seu alba, costis quatuordecim majoribus, rotundatis, leevibus, altera radiatim costata, costis quindecim acutioribus, fuscis, punctulis ceerulescentibus asper- sis, interstitis tenuissimé transversim striatis, pallescentibus : long: 1. 45 lat. O255;)alt13333° poll? This must be distinguished from P. aspersus, Lam. that author having applied that name to the species which had been previously named “ danicus” by Chemnitz. It is rather ine- quivalve; the rays in the upper valve are more acute than those in the lower. Tumbez, Peru. 17. P) Nucnevs:. (pl. xiv: f. 85.) Born. Mus.’ Ces, t.7. f. 2. Ostrea turgida, dubia? guttata? conspersa? Gmel. T. rotundata, ventricosa, sub-zequivalvi, crassa, costis octo- decim ad viginti, elevatis, sub-quadratis, concentricé striatis ; interstitiis mediocribus; auriculis parvis, sub-zqualibus, sul- catis, rectangulatis; colore griseo nebuloso, fusco-maculato. Variat albo-rufescente, rubro-maculato. Long. 1. 50.; lat. 0. 90.; alt. 1. 45.; poll. Rounded, ventricose, nearly equivalve, thick; having from 18 to 20 ribs, which are elevated, nearly square and con- centrically striated; colour grey, clouded with greyish brown; or nearly white, clouded with reddish brown. 18: Pcrrcuvanis. (pl) xii. f. 23.)%Sow: Zool. Proc. 1835. p. 110. “T’. sub-orbiculari, tumida, sub-zequivalvi, eequilaterali, fusco alboque variegata; auriculis magnis, sub-zqualibus; costis radiantibus octodecim ; interstitiis latioribus, arcuatim striatis ; valva altera sulcis profundioribus: long. 1. 5.; lat. 0. 8.; alt. 1. 4.; poll.” This species is not so rounded as P. Nucleus, and the auri- cles are larger and less obtuse. “Found in sandy mud at a depth of 7 fathoms.” California and St. Vincent’s. 19. P. venrricosus. (pl. xi. f. 18, 19, 26.) nob. P. tumi- dus, Sow. Zool. Proc. 1835. p. 109. “T. sub-inequivalvi, equilaterali; auriculis magnis, sub- zqualibus; valva altera turgida, fusco-rufescente albidoque 52 variegata, radiatim octodecim costata, costis superné planulatis, interstitiis transversim striatis, altera turgidiore, albicante, radiatim sulcaté; costis interstitialibus latioribus, planulatis, lateralibus fusco-variis ; marginibus ventralibus acute dentatis : lang: 1.: 75.3, lateplss alt. V.75.5 polk™ “Found in sandy mud at from 6 to 10 fathoms.” The above name is given on account of the name “tumidus” having been previously applied to a small lenticular species. It differs from P. Nucleus in having one valve much more ven- tricose near the apex than the other, in the more trigonal shape, and in the greater flatness of the ribs: it is also gene- rally a much larger shell. St. Elena; and young specimens brought from Calapan, Philippines, by Mr. Cuming. 20. P. rrRADIANS. (pl. xvii. f. 139, 140.) Lam. Anim. s. Vert. vi. p. 173. P. turgidus, Sow. Genera of Shells. P. concentricus, Say. T. rotundata, ventricosa, sub-tenui, concentricé minuté striata; auriculis sub-equalibus, striatis, anticis minoribus, ad basin emarginatis; costis octodecim, rotundatis; interstitis latis. ong. 3380.5, lat. 1.35.5 alt.3.150.5ipell: Rounded, ventricose, rather thin, concentrically and minutely striated; the auricles are nearly equal, the anterior rather the smaller; and in both valves emarginated at the base ; the ribs, 18 in number, are rounded, with wide interstices. The colour is pale reddish yellow, nearly covered by broad bands and large patches of greyish and reddish brown, a larger portion being left nearly white in the lower valve. Mediterranean and Newhaven. 21. P. purPURATUS. (pl. xv. f. 113 and pl. xvi. f. 123—125.) Lam. Anim. s. Vert. vi. p. 166. T. rotundata, ad latera expansa, ventricosa, crassa ; auriculis sub-equalibus, radiatim costatis, ad basin emarginatis; costis viginti-duobus, latis, complanatis ; lateribus valdé serratis, interstitiis angustis, in medio serratis, ad marginem dentatis ; colore purpureo, albo nigroque maculato; variat aurantiaco et etiam albo occurrit. Long. 4. 80.; lat. 1. 70.; alt. 4. 15.; oll. More spread at the sides than the last, and thicker, with the ribs, 22 in number, broad, flattened on the top, with serrated edges; the interstices are narrow, having a small serrated rib in their centre. The ground colour is pale purple; the ribs are ornamented with strongly marked festoons of white, purple and blackish brown. Bay of Callao, Peru. 22. P. cipBus. (pl. xii. f. 1, 2, 17, and pl. xiv. f. 76.) Linn. 53 Syst. Nat. p. 1147. Including P. Sowerbu, Gualding. Ostrea principalis, flavellum, radiata? plana? crocea? florida? Gmel. T. rotundata, venticosd, concentricé et radiatum striata ; ariculis sub-equalibus, striatis, obtusis; costis octodecim, sub-scabris; valva dextré quam altera paululim magis ventricos4; colore vario. Long. 1. 75.; lat.0. 75.3 alt 1.65.; poll. Rounded, ventricose, concentrically and radiatedly striated; the auricles are nearly equal, striated and obtuse ; the ribs are 18, rather rough; the lower valve rather more ventricose than the upper. The numerous variations in colouring seem to have given rise to many of the specific names quoted above; some are dull brown, others bright red, others delicately pink, mottled with brown, others of a light blue tint, variegated with patches of dark brown and touches of white and yellow. The variety (f. 17.) named P. Sowerbii, is from St. Vincents. Coasts of the Pacific. 23. P. oprrcuLaris. (pl. xvii. f. 141 to 146.) Linn. Syst. Nat. p 1147. Including lineolatus, Lam. &c. T. rotundata, sub-ventricos4, concentric et radiatim striata; auriculis sub-zqualibus, _ striatis, obtusis, valve inferioris antica majuscula, basin emarginatd; valva sinistra scabré quam alterd majis ventricosd, costis octodecim ad viginti, sub-angulatis, interstitiis latis; valva dextra costis minis angulatis, interstitiis angustioribus; colore vario. Long. 2. 50.3 lat. 0. 95.; alt 2. 30.; poll. This well known British species differs from P. gibbus, in being less ventricose and more dilated at the sides ; the ribs are somewhat less elevated, and the upper valve is much more ventricose than the lower. The varieties are numerous, the commonest is light reddish brown, banded and variegated with purplish brown, much lighter on the lower valve ; there is also a bright orange variety and a white one. The variety named P. lineolatus is white, with a red line on the top of each rib. Great Britain and Mediterranean. 24, P. suB-RUFUS. (pl. xix. f. 208 to 210.) Pennant. Brit. Zool. iv. p. 100. t. 60, 63. P. Audouini, Payr. Ostreea palliata ? Gmel. T. sub-rotundaté, sub-compressa, posticé sub-attenuata ; scabra; auriculis sub-equalibus, striatis, obtusis, valve inferioris antica majuscula, basin emarginata; costis viginti, angulatis, angulis serratis, lateribus concentricé striatis ; mter- stitiis scabroso-striatis; colore vario. Long. 2. 50.; lat. 0. 90.; alt. 2. 40.; poll. 54 Rounded, more oblique and rather flatter than the two preceding, the posterior ventral margin rather enlarged; the auricles nearly equal, with serrated striz; ribs angular, finely tuberculated. This species differs from the last in shape, in the greater angularity of the ribs, and their rugosity. The varieties are reddish brown, with zigzag white marks; purple, variegated; and pale orange, variegated with brown and white. Great Britain and Mediterranean. 25. P. EXASPERATUs. (pl. xviii. f. 183 to 186.) nobis. T. rotundato-sub-quadrata, sub-ventricosa, scabra; auriculis magnis, scabroso-striatis; costis octodecim, sub-angulatis, angulis serratis, lateribus serratim striatis, interstitiis scabroso- striatis ; colore vario. Long. 0. 95.; lat. 0. 55.; alt.1.; poll. In the character of the ribs this species resembles the last, they are, however, rather thicker, the shell is more ventricose, less oblique, and has broader auricles. The variations in colour are similar to those of the last species. Mediterranean. 26. P. BIFRONS. (pl. 12. f. 9.10.) Lam. Anim. s. Vert. vi. p. 164. T. rotundata, anticé mints expansa, scabra; auriculis latis, quadratis, striatis, posticis paululum minoribus; costis novem paulultim elevatis, rotundatis, duplicatis vel triplicatis ; inter- stitiis latis, radiatim irregulariter costatis; colore valve sinis- tree pallidé purpureo, costis fuscis nigricantibus, prope um- bones maculatis, valve dextre albo, costis rubris, intus pur- pureo; variat purpureo. Long. 2. 30.; lat. 0. 75.; alt. 2. 20.; poll. A nearly equivalve, nearly equilateral shell with nine slightly raised distant ribs, and smaller ribs at the sides and in the interstices; the margin is shaded with light purple, and the ribs are of a deep blackish red colour, excepting near the umbones, where they are spotted. It also occurs with a stronger shade of purple, and the ribs are not so distinctly lineated. 27. P. Paragontcus. (pl. xii. f. 60.) King. Zool. Journ. T. rotundata, sub-ventricosa, sub-levi ; auriculis striatis, obtusis, anticis majoribus; costis 34, sub-quadratis, elevatis, levibus; colore pallidé fulvo, costis fulvis rubescentibus. Long. 2. 40.; lat. 0. 80.; alt. 2. 40.; poll. Rounded, rather ventricose, nearly smooth; the auricles striated, obtuse, the anterior the larger; the ribs, 34 in number, are nearly square, elevated and smooth; the colour is pale fawn, the ribs reddish brown. Patagonia and the Straits of Magalhaens. BD 28. P. souaris. (pl. xii. f. 7, 8, 22.) Born. Mus. Cas. t. 6. f. 4. T. rotundata, sub-zquivalvi, sub-equilaterali, complanata ; auriculis parvis, sub-equalibus, levibus; costis octodecim, levibus, rotundatis, zqualibus, interstitiis latis, transverse sub-striatis; valve dextre costis latioribus, plus minusve striatis, interstitiis sub-nullis; colore pallidé rubro, lineis spadiceis et maculis albis rubrisque fasciatim maculato, variat albo, rubro fasciatim irregulariter maculato. Long. 2. 15.3 lat. P50: ; alt. 2..5¢5. poll. Orbicular, nearly equivalve, equilateral, rather flat, auricles small, nearly equal, smooth, ribs 18, smooth, rounded; in one valve the ribs are broader than the interstices; in the other, the reverse, the interstices, which are very narrow in the lower valve, are slightly striated. The colour is pale red, variegated with irregular bands and transverse lines of red and white. Macassar and China. 29. P. OBLITERATUS. (pl. xvi. f. 126.) Linn. Syst. Nat. p- 1146. T. sub-ovali, levi, compressa, interné striata, ad marginem dentata, utrinque hiante; auriculis zqualibus, obtusis ; colore fulvo, marginibus purpurascentibus, fasciis rubris radiatim et concentricé picto. Long. 1. 80.; lat. 0. 40.; alt. 1.90.; poll. The internal ribs, more numerous in this species than in the following, are visible externally through the semi- transparent substance of the shell. The lower valve is not white, though considerably lighter than the other. China. 30. P. PLeuRONEcTES. (pl. xvi. f. 127, 128, 135, 136.) Linn. Syst. Nat. p. 1145. T. rotundata, sub-ovali, levi, compressa, utrinque hiante ; auriculis qualibus, obtusis; interné costis duodecim, dupli- catis, vel viginti quatuor singulis; interstitis sub-striatis ; colore valve sinistre purpureo vel fulvo, vel fusco rubescente, fasciis medianis, radiatis, bi-lineatis ; valve dextre albo. Long. a. see clat. 0:60. ; alé.37 3 1455 poll. Rounded, rather oval, smooth, flat, gaping on both sides ; the auricles equal, blunt, with 12 pairs of lightly raised linear ribs within. The ground colour of the upper valve is pale greyish fawn, or dark mahogany brown, or purplish pink, lighter near the umbo, and radiated with bands of darker colour, corresponding to the pairs of ribs within, each band defined by a sharp line on either side. China. 31. P. Japonicus. (pl. xv. f. 109, 110.) Gmel. p. 3317. o. 8. 56 T. rotundata, levi, sub-compressa, utrinque valdé hiante ; auriculis cequalibus, obtusis, parvis; interné costis 22, dupli- catis, vel 44 singulis; colore valve sinistre rubro, griseo, radiatim fasciato, fusco-rubescente concentricé fasciato, prope umbonem lineato; valve dextree albo. Long. 5.; lat. 1. 20.; alt."5.°20.;' polls Differing from P. Pleuronectes in having twice the number of internal ribs, in being rather rounder, and more gaping. The colour of the upper valve is dull red, with concentric lines and bands of a darker tint, with faint light rays. China and Japan. 32. P. Laurenri1. (pl. xvi. f. 137, 138.) Gmel. p. 3317. No. 7. T. sub-rotundata, ad latera sub-angulata, levi; auriculis latis, rectangulatis, marginibus undulatis; valva sinistra sub-com- planata, lateribus elevatis, costis internis 47; valva dextra ventricosa, ad latera subcompressa, costis internis 41: colore valvee superiorioris rubro-fuscescente, pullidé fulvo-radiato, albo-maculato; valvee inferioris pallidé fulvo, fusco-radiato, umbone albo. Long. 3. 40.; lat. 0. 75.3 alt. 3. 25.5; poll. Rather rounded, with a rounded angle at each side, smooth; with wide straight auricles, slightly undulated at the margins ; the upper valve rather flattened in the centre, and elevated at the sides, the lower valve correspondingly ventricose in the centre; there are about 47 internal ribs; the colour of the upper valve is of a reddish brown, faintly radiated with darker brown, speckled with white; the lower valve has a shade of pale fawn, from the centre to the margins, radiated with pale brown. China. 33. P. Maceuuanicus. (pl. xvi. f. 122.) Gmel. p. 3317. No. 9. T. rotundata, sub-compressa, utrinque hiante, striis nume- rosis scabris minutis radiata; auriculis striatis, latis, rectangu- latis; valva sinistra quam altera magis ventricosa; colore valve sinistree fusco; valvze dextre pallidé fulvo. Long. 3. 80. ; lat. 0. 90.3 alt. 3. 80.3 poll. Rounded, rather flat, gaping at both sides, radiated with numerous rough minute strie; the auricles striated, wide, rectangular ; the upper valve more ventricose than the lower ; the colour of the upper valve is brown, that of the lower nearly white. This species, notwithstanding its name, does not come from Magellan but from Massachusets. 34, P. Pseupamusium. (pl. xix. f. 211. 212. and pl. xx. f. 243.) Kiem. Meth. Ost. 146. p. 1451. 9.45 alc 57 exoticus, Chemn t. 207. p. 2037, 2038. P. dispar? Lam. Ostrea hybrida, Gmel. Dist. 1. 173. f. 10. T. rotundata, compressa, levi, vel radiatim minutissimé striata; auriculis planis, equalibus; colore cinereo vel pallidé fulvo, maculis magnis fuscis. Long. 1, 30; lat. 0. 37; alt. 1, 30; poll. This is the true P. Pseudamusium of Klein, the P. Pseu- damusium of Chemnitz being only a variety of his P. Danicus. It varies from nearly smooth to being finely striated; though much smaller, it resembles P. Pleuronectes, &c. in general form and appearance. Gambia, Africa. 35. P. GREENLANDICUS. (pl. xiii. f. 40.) nod. T. equivalvi, orbiculari, sub-compressa, sub-quilaterali, pellucida, tenuissima, levi; auriculis parvis, obtusangulatis, anticis minoribus; valvaé dextraé lamina tenuissima, opacé, induta. Long. 1; lat 0, 25; alt. 1; poll. This white transparent shell is brought from Greenland. We are indebted to Albany Hancock, Esq., of Newcastle, for the loan of the specimen figured. 36. P. Lati-auratus. (pl. xii. £. 20. 21.) Conrad. P. Mesotimeris, Conrad, inclusus ? T. obliqué sub-quadrata, ineequilaterali, tenui, sub-com- planata; posticé attenuata, auriculis obliquis, costatis; um- bonibus anticé reclinentibus; costis duodecim rotundatis, levibus; interstitiis concentricé striatis; colore fusco, albo fasciatim variegato. Variat aurantiaco. Long. 1; lat. 0, 30; alt. 1, 10; poll. Of a somewhat square shape, very oblique, inequilateral, thin, rather flat, posteriorly attenuated ; auricles wide, oblique, costated ; umbones leaning considerably towards the anterior side of the shell ; the ribs, twelve in number, are rounded and smooth; the interstices concentrically striated; the colour brown, variegated with zigzag marks of white; there is also a plain orange variety. California. 37. P. rumipvs. (pl. xiii. f. 27. 28. 29.) Turton. T. rotundata, sub-compressa, parva, tenui, levi; auriculis magnis, sub-zqualibus ; colore pallidé fulvo, rubro fulvoque radiatim maculato, vel albo, vel luteo. Long 0, 22; lat. 0, 8; alt. 0, 22 poll. A small lenticular smooth species with large auricles. The colour is pale fawn, mottled with red and brown; there are also white and yellow varieties. Collection of A. Hancock Esq. Cullercoats, Great Britain. 38. P. orpicuLaARiIs. (pl. xx, f. 231. 232.) nod. T. rotundata, inequivalvi, levi, tenui, sub-equilaterali ; G 58 auriculis sub-eequalibus; valva sinistra ventricosa; valva dextra sub-depressa, auricula antica validissime emarginata ; colore corneo, fusco variegato, intus fusco purpurascente fasciato. Long. 0, 45; lat. 0, 17. alt. 0, 40. poll. Rounded, inequivalve, smooth, thin, nearly equilateral ; the auricles nearly equal; the upper valve ventricose; the iower valve rather depressed, with the anterior auricle widely emarginated ; the colour of the upper valve is horny, with a bread sub-marginal band of purplish dark brown, and speckled withlighter brown; the lowervalve is much lighter, and has only light brown speckles. British Museum. Co. of Africa. 39. P: HYALINUs. (pl. xiv-f. 66. 67.) Pol. t. 28. £. 6. T. rotundata, levi, hyalima, sub-compressa;_ lateribus sub-expansis ; auriculis magnis, sub-equalibus, acutangulatis, planis ; colore corneo, nae fusco alboque radiatim maculato. Variat immaculato. Long. 1; lat. 0, 39; alt. 0, 95; poll. Rounded, smooth, nies nearly flat, rather expanded at the sides; auricles large in proportion to the shell; the colour is red, with small angulated marks of brown and white arranged in rays; in some varieties there are no spots. Mediterranean. 40. P. FLAGELLATUS. (pl. xin. f. 41 to 43.) Lam. Anim. sans Vert. vi. p. 167. T. rotundata, sub- quadrata, compressa, tenui, pellucida, irregulariter costata vel striata; auriculis magnis, acutis; colore corneo, ad latera et ad auriculas roseo vel luteo, fusco alboque angulatim minute variegato, variat fusco-nigrescente. Long..0.°75.; lat. 0.162; ‘alt..0.1 70.3; poll: Of a squarish round shape, thin, nearly transparent, irregu- larly ribbed or striated, that is, the strie in some varieties nearly large enough to be called ribs; auricles large, with acute angles, the colour is horny, pinkish or yellowish at the sides and auricles, with minute angular marks of white and brown; and there is also a variety of a blackish brown. Mediterranean. 41. P. GLABER. (pl. xviil. f. 169 to 176.) Linn. according to Gmel. P. flavidulus, sulcatus, virgineus, griseus, virgo, Lam. Ostrea lutea? flavescens? aurantia? modesta? depressa? Gmel. O. citrina, rustica, Poli. T. rotundata, sub-complanata, levi vel radiatim striata ; margine expanso ; auriculis sub-aqualibus, latis, acutangulatis; costis decem, rotundatis, paululum elevatis, prope margines evanidis, alternis minus elevatis; colore vario. Long. 2. 10, ; lat. 0. 65.; alt. 2. poll. ag Rounded, rather flattened, smooth or radiately striated ; spreadingat the sides, ears nearly equal, large, but narrowedatthe base ; ribs 10, rather rounded, slightly raised near the umbones, flattened so as almost to disappearnear the margin, the alternate ones much less elevated. ‘The varieties are too numerous to describe particularly. In those which are variegated the markings are broad, angular and defined. Mediterranean. 42. P. prorevs. (pl. xiii. f. 53, 54 and pl. xiv. f. 83 and 84.) Solander. according to Dillwyn. Chemnitz. 207. f. 2042. P. discors, ? T. sub-trigoné, compressa, sub-inequivalvi, levi; vel obsoleté striata: auriculis sub-aqualibus, sub-striatis, valva sinistra alteraé magis ventricosd, margine alteram superante: costis latis, rotundatis quinque; valva dextra costis quatuor, latis, sub-duplicatis ; colore vario. Long. 1. 65.; lat. 0. 55; alt. 1.70; poll. In P. sulcatus there are 10 ribs nearly equal in size; in P. glaber 5 are large, and the 5 intermediate ones comparatively small; in this species which retains the general form, the intermediate 5 are wanting, but there are gradations between each. The varieties in colour are, plain orange; orange mottled; plain purple; purple mottled; yellow variegated with grey and intermediate rays; and greyish, with beautiful zebra-like markings of brown. Adriatic. 43. P, suLcatus. (p. xviii. f. 179. 180. 181.) Born. Mus. Ces. pl. 6. f. 3. T. rotundata, sub-complanata, radiatim striata ; auriculis sub- eequalibus, latis, acutangulatis; costis decem sulcatis, rotun- datis, elevatis, equalibus; colore lacteo, fusco maculato, vel aurantiaco, vel fusco-nigricante. Long. 1. 30; lat.0, 50; alt. 0. 20. poll. Rounded, rather flattened, radiately striated; auricles nearly equal, wide, rather narrow at the base; the ribs, ten in number, are sulcated, rounded, elevated, equal, equally raised through- out; the colour is nearly white, spotted with brown; there is a purple variety, and one of a blackish brown colour. The shell here described is unquestionably the true P. sulcatus of Born, though possibly P. sulcatus of Lamarck may be only one of the numerous varieties of P. glaber, from which this species differs not only in having the ribs equal, but in having them as much elevated at the margin as at the umbones. Mediterranean. 44, P. unicotor. (pl. xu. f. 5. 6.) Lam. Anim. s. Vert. vi. p. 163. 60 T. rotundataé, sub-irregulari, inzequivalvi, sub-ventricosa, sub-levi; auriculis sub-zqualibus, striatis; valva sinistra altera magis ventricosa, margine alteram valvam superante ; costis novem, rotundatis, sub-distantibus, sub-depressis; valva dextra sub-complanata, costis mints elevatis; colore auran- tiaco immaculato, vel pallidé roseo, fulvo concentricé fasciato. Long. 1,'70; ‘lat. 0, 505%alt.1,50 5 poll: Rounded, rather irregular, inequivalve, rather ventricose, nearly smooth; the auricles nearly equal, striated; the upper valve more ventricose than the lower, overlapping it at the margin; ribs nine, rounded, rather distant and depressed ; right valve flattish, with less elevated ribs, the colour is plain orange, ora pale red, concentrically banded with light brown. Black Sea. 45. P. ruexvuosus. (pl. xix. £9200 to 1205:) “Poke. Isabella, Lam. P. polymorphus, Jay. T. sub-equilaterali, flabellatim rotundata, plus minisve ventricosa, levi vel obsoleté radiatim striata; marginibus plerumque inflexis; auriculis sub-equalibus, radiatis, rectis, acutangulatis, ad basin emarginatis: costis quinque, magnis, gradatim elevatis; et interdum quinque parvis intermediis: costis internis duplicatis, ad marginem dentatis: colore vario. Long. 0. 80.; lat. 0. 40.; alt. 0. 75.3 poll. Some varieties of this species are rather difficult to dis- tinguish from P. glaber, having smaller ribs between each of the five large elevated ones; the margins are generally inflected: the ribs on the under valve are broader, with a groove in the centre. Mediterranean. 46. P. unpuLatus. (pl. xix. f. 206, 207.) nod. T. P. flexuoso simillima, sed lateribus magis expansis, margi- nibus angulatim inflexis, costis magis elevatis; colore, valve sinistre rubro fulvescente, intus purpureo ; valve dextre albo, rubro tincto. Long. 1. 30.; lat. 0. 46.; alt. 1. 8.5; poll. The difference between this species and the last will be more easily recognizable from the figure than from the descrip- tion. It may be observed however that in P. undulatus the ribs are more widely divergent, much deeper, and slightly knobbed. The whole shell is radiately grooved, the colour of the upper valve is yellowish red outside and purple inside, that of the under valve is nearly white tinted with rose. Mediterranean ? 47. P. cuavatus, (pl. xii. f. 14, 15.) Poh. Test-4, 22". 17, Including P. inflexus, Poli. f. 4, 5? P. aspersus, Lam? T. rotundato sub-trigona, ineequivalvi, sub-aquilaterali de- 61 pressa, minutissimé cancellata, umbonibus acuminatis, margine ventrali denticulato, plerumque inflexo; auriculis parvis, posticis minoribus ; valva sinistra in medio paululiim excavata, costis 5, magnis, elevatis, gradatim declinentibus, prope umbones angulatis, propé margimen inflatis ; valva dextra sub- ventricosa, costis 4 magnis, elevatis, latis, rotundatis; colore pallidissimé rufo, maculis rubris parvis, et fuscis radiatis vari- egato; valve dextre albo. Long. 1. 10.; lat. 0. 35.; alt. 1. 20. poll. This shell differs from P. Danicus, in being much narrower, and more elongated towards the umbones; having the margins generally inflected, the ribs larger and deeper, and the upper valve concave. We believe P. flexuosus, figured in the same plate of Poli’s work, to be a variety of this Mediterra- nean species. Sicily. 48. P. panicus. (pl. xii. f. 16. and pl. xvu. f. 187.) Chemn. Conch. 11. t. 207. f. 2043. Including P. Pseudam- usium, Chem. 7. t. 63. f. 601. 602. P. aspersus, Lam. Ostreea hybrida, Gmel. T. compress, sub-circulari, subeequilaterali, levi vel radiatim obsoleté striata; costis septem, latis, pauxillulum elevatis, gradatim declinentibus, angulatis, prope marginem evanidis ; colore pallidé rubro, maculis rubris, parvis, numerosis, varie- gato, vel fusco, obsoleté maculato. Long. 1. 60.; lat. 0. 43. ; alt. 1. 60.; poll. A compressed, somewhat equilateral species. The general surface is smooth, obsoletely striated, with seven very slightly raised angular ribs, which are fainter near the margins. ‘The colour is pale red, sprinkled with minute irregular spots of darker red. A variety occurs of a dull brown colour. Scotland, Denmark ? 49, P. pisTans. (pl. xiii. f. 46, and pl. xvii. f. 182.) Lam. Anim. s. Vert. vi. p. 169. T. sub-ovali, sub-compress4, sub-zquilaterali, radiatim striata; cardine oblique plicato; auriculis sub-zqualibus, anticis ad basin emarginatis ; costis decem, rotundatis, elevatis, erassis; colore griseo, maculis et fasciis fuscis, nigricantibus ee ints fusco. Long. 1.54.; lat. 0.61.5; alt. 1. 87.; poll. Rather oval, rather flattened, nearly equilateral, radiately striated; hinge obliquely plicated; auricles nearly equal, narrowed at the base; the ribs, 10 in number, are rounded, elevated and thick; the colour is a light cream, with bands and spots of avery dark brown, inside brown. Specimens 62 have been brought to this country by Mr. Cuming from Mindoro and Calapan, Philippines. Atlantic Ocean, Lam. 50. P. RasTELLvuo. (pl. xiii. f. 30.) Lam. Anim. s. Vert. vi. p. 166. T. rotundata, compressa ; auriculis magnis, radiatim striatis, marginibus erecto-squamatis; costis novem, gradatim decli- nentibus, tribus medianis rotundatis, squamis minutis; late- ralibus angulatis, squamis rectis, acutis ; ‘colore aurantiaco, costarum interstitiis angulatim fusco-maculatis, lateribus maculatis ; vel albo, fusco maculato. Long. 1.40.; lat. 0. 40. ; alt. 1. 25.; “poll: A compressed, nearly equilateral species, with the auricles large, radiately striated, marginated at the base, with erect sharp scales on the edges. Ribs 9, gradually shelving down, the three centre ones rather large and rounded, with small triangular scales on the top; the lateral ones rather smaller and angulated; the scales on the extreme ones sharp and erect. This species is distinguished from P. squamatus, (figured in Reeve’s “Conchologia Systematica” as P. Rastellum, Lam.) in being regular, and smooth, having the sides of the ribs undefined, aud the scales small in proportion. Our authority for the identity of this species is that of Delessert, who has figured several varieties in his work on the Lamarckian species. Mr. Norris’s collection. ‘ Habite les Mers du Nord,” Lam. 51. BP. erorus. (pl. 20.1233.) 7oo: T. obliqué ovata, compressa ; auriculis sub-zequalibus, mar- gine serrato, radiatim sulcatis, ad basin emarginatis ; lateribus striatis ; costis 13, triangulatis, elevatis, levibus; interstitiis angustis, bi-sulcatis, crenatis: colore pallidé fulvo, fasciis et punctis et lineis rubris variegato; intus albo; Long, 0. 80.; lat: 0.12525 alt. 0: 5.; poll: Obliquely oval, flat, ears nearly equal, with the edge of that in the under valve, serrated; radiately striated, emarginated at the base; at each side of the shell there is a small space slightly striated; ribs 13, square at top, with slanting sides ; interstices narrow, defined by two small grooves, and crenu- lated; colour, dull white, with broad irregular bands, fine transverse lines, and spots of variegated red. Isle of Baicus. Mr. Cuming. 52. P. suPERBUS. (pl. xi. f. 11.) nod. T. sub-ovali, obliqua, posticé expansa, compressa, crassa ; auriculis parvis, obtusis; costis 23, crassis, rotundatis, leevibus, interstitiis angustis ; colore propé umbones roseo, propé mar- gines, pallidé luteo, fasciis rubris, preeruptis,angulatis variegato. Long. 2. 40; lat. 0. 65.; alt. 2. 60.; poll. 63 A flat, solid, obliquely oval shell; the auricles small, obtuse; with 23 rounded smooth, thick ribs; general colour, pale straw, pale pink near the umbones, variegated with interrupted angular bands of brightish red. We have only seen one specimen of this magnificent shell which is in the collection of Mr. Cuming. 53. P. nIsTRIONICUS. (pl. xx. f. 240.) Gmel. p. 3326. No. 54. T. obliqué sub-ovali, compressa, sub-eequivalvi; valva dextra magis ventricosa, auriculis striatis, posticis minoribus, anticisad basin emarginatis ; costis valve sinistre 15 ,rotundatis, lateribus serratis, tribus lateralibus; valve dextre duodecim, centralibus levibus, lateralibus serratis; colore albo, valve sinistre costis alternis nigro, alternis rubro, maculatis. Long. 1. lat. 0.18.5 alt. 0. 21.; poll. A flat shell rather spread out at the sides, and slightly elon- gated at the posterior ventral margin ; the lower valve is slightly ventricose, and the upper valve flat; the 7 central ribs are broad, rounded, smooth on the top, and serrated at the edges; the 3 lateral ribs on each side are much narrower, and serrated across, those of the under valve being 12 in number, and the lateral ones only serrated: ground colour nearly white; some of the ribs of the upper valve spotted with red, the inter- mediate ones with black. Ceylon and Singapore. 54, P. Rapu.a. (pl. xvii. f. 154, 155.) Lin. Syst. Nat. p- 1145. Ostrea maculosa ? Gmel. T. sub-trigona, crassa, compressa, scabra, radiatim sulcata, ad marginem posticé sub-elongata, ad latera sub-quadrata auriculis sub-aequalibus, obtusis, ad basin emarginatis, rugosis, sulcatis, costis novem ad duodecim, elevatis, sub-quadratis, crassis, sulcatis, concentricé lyratim striatis ; interstitiis latis, sulcatis; cardine obliqué plicato; colore pallide luteo, nigro fuscoque maculato, vel fusco laté fasciato et maculato. Long. 3. 40.; lat. 0. 80.; alt. 3. 80.; poll. Rather trigonal, thick, rough, nearly equilateral,the posterior margin slightly produced, and the sides flattened, the auricles nearly equal, roughly ribbed; the ribs vary in number from nine to twelve, they are thick, elevated, rather square, radiately grooved, and concentrically striated; the interstices are of the same shape, inverted; hinge obliquely plicated ; the ground colour is pale yellowish, spotted with brown or black, sometimes nearly covered with broad brown bands. Ceylon. 55. P. vELUTINUS. (pl. xiii. f. 31.) nod. T. sub-ovali, sub-compressa, equilaterali, radiatim leviter striata, ad marginem sub-inflaté; auriculis sub-qualibus, 64 striatis, margine obliqué plicato: costis quinque, crassis, rotundatis, gradatim declinentibus; colore fulvo-rufescente, fasciis albis, angulatis, subtts fusco-marginatis variegato, intus albo. Long. 1. 15.; lat. 0. 37.; alt. 1. 25: ; ‘poll. Nearly oval, rather flat, equilateral, with fine radiating strie, rather swelled at the margin; the auricles nearly equal, striated; hinge obliquely plicated; the ribs, 5 in number, rounded, shallow, of a dull fawn colour, variegated with angular bands of white, margined with brown. The whole surface of the shell has asomewhat velvety appearance. Macassar, Mr. Hinds. 56. P. NODULIFERUS. (pl. xiii. f. 38, 39 and pl. xvi. f. 94.) nob. T. sub-trigond, sub-compressa, radiatim striata, equivalvi ; auriculis radiatim sulcatis, anticis paululum majoribus ; cardine obliqué plicato; costis octo, crassis, rotundatis, nodulosis, interné ad marginem plicatis; colore rufo, intus nebuloso, extus angulatim maculato. Long. 1. 35.; lat.0. 50.5 alt. 1. 46.; poll. Rather trigonal, rather compressed, radiately striated, equivalve; the auricles radiately sulcated, the anterior ones rather larger than the posterior; hinge obliquely plicated ; the ribs, 8 in number, are thick, rounded, slightly knobbed, internally plicated at the margin; the colour is red, clouded inside, with defined angular spots outside. This species differs from P. corallinoides in being more angular and compressed, less spread at the sides, and having the nodules less distinct. Mr. Morris’s collection. 57. P. suBPLICATUS. (pl. xii. f. 37, and pl. xiv. f. 72,73, 81.) nob. T. equivalvi, sub-trigona, sub-zequilaterali, depressa, radia- tim striata; interné levi, leviter undulata; auriculis magnis, striatis, posticis majoribus, sub-rectangulatis; cardine oblique plicato; costis quinque, latis, vix elevatis, interstitiis latioribus; colore pallide fulvo, fusco-nigrescente, angulatim variegato. Long. 1. 45.; lat. Q.45 alt. 1.57.3. poll. Rather flat, nearly equilateral, and radiated with fine strie ; the auricles are broad, the posterior ones rather broader than the anterior; the hinge is obliquely plicated; the ribs, 5 in number, are slightly elevated; the ground colour is light cream, with broad angular patches of dark blackish brown, or brick red; a great part of the inside is brown, particularly about the hinge. The obliquity of the plice on the hinge, the flatness of the shell, and the slight elevation of the ribs, serve to distinguish this species from P. Plica. Amboina. 65 53. RP. Prica. (pl. 20: f. 237 to 229.)" Lin. Syst. - Nat. p. 1145. T. rotundata, sub-trigoné, ventricosa, crassa, radiatim striata, prope umbones complanata ; auriculis parvis, sub-equalibus, obtusis, striatis, ad latera coarctatis: cardine plicato; costis tribus centralibus, crassis, rotundatis, et quatuor lateralibus minoribus, inttis dentato-plicatis; colore vario, plerumque maculis magnis fasciatim variegato, cardine fusco. Long. 1. 40.; lat. 0. 60.; alt. 1. 30.; poll. Of a rounded, trigonal form, ventricose, thick, radiately striated ; the auricles small, nearly equal, blunt, striated, con- tracted at the sides; hinge perpendicularly plicated; there are 3 central ribs, and 2 on each side much smaller; the colour is various, generally a light ground variegated with large patches of a darker colour, the hinge nearly always brown. Nicobar. Ceylon. China. 59. P. coRALLINOIDES. (pl. xii. f. 3,4.) D’Orb. Mollusc. p- 102. Ostrea vittata, sub-rotundata, Gmel. T. rotundata, ventricosa, equivalvi, radiatim striata, posticé producta; auriculis sulcatis, obtusis, anticis majoribus, ad basin emarginatis, cardine oblique plicato; costis decem, crassis, latis, paralellé nodosis, intus dentato plicatis; colore rubro, nebuloso, costis alternis pallidioribus. Long. 2. 10.; lat. 1; altl 1. 90::" poll. A rounded shell, with nodular ribs. Differing from P. nodosus in being much smaller when full grown, much more finely striated, more ventricose, and more spread at the sides, having the ribs equal, and the knobs less considerable. 60. P. MAGNIFICUS, (pl. xv. f. 114.) Sow. Zool. Proc. p. LOST TS35. “'T. sub-equivalvi, equilaterali, auriculis mzequalibus, striis radiantibus, exiguis, numerosissimis, radiisque tredecim, crassiusculis, neat! nonnunquam Sieh intus alba, purpureo marginata: long. 5. 5.; lat. 2.; alt. 5. 5.; poll.” The colour is bright red. Mr. Cuming’s collection. East Columbia. 61. P. sus-noposus. (pl. xv. f. 97. 112.) Sow. Zool. Proeesp. 1095 ts35. “'T. sub-equivalvi, eequilaterali, auriculis ineequalibus, strlis radiantibus, numerosissimus, radiisque decem, crassis, rotun- datis, alternatim nodoso-vesicularibus vel sub-nodosis, intts plerumque purpureo signata. Long. 5. 25.; lat. 2. 75.5 alt. 52> poll: H 66 Var. 1. Brownish red with white stria, from California. Var. 2. Variegated with brown and white patches, from Isl. Plata, East Columbia. Var. 3. A more depressed shell, of a bright orange colour, from Tehuantepec Bay, Mexico. The examination of a number of specimens has led me rather to consider this proposed species as only presenting a variation of P. nodosus, in which the knobs are not so large or conspicuous. 62. P. Noposus. (pl. xv. f. 115 pl..xvu. f. 147.) Linn.- Syst. Nat. p. 1145. Ostr. decemradiata, Gmel? Pecten cor- allinus, D’Argenyille. T. rotundata, ventricosa, sub-zequilaterali, equivalvi, radia- tim sulcata: auriculis ineequalibus, sulcatis; anticis majoribus, ad basin emarginatis: cardine plicato: costis novem, crassis, nodulos rotundos excavatos ferentibus, alternis minoribus ; interné duplicatis, ad marginem dentatis: long. 5. 20; lat. 1. 50:5) alt. 5. poll: This well known species, which has large knobs on the ribs, is generally of a reddish brown colour, but it occurs also of a bright orange. The auricles are unequal, the hinge plicated and the whole surface roughly sulcated. Brazil and Isle of France. 63. P. muscosus. (pl. xix. f. 225.) Wood Suppl. Ind. Test. T. sub-quadrata, ventricosissima, equilaterali, equivalvi scabra; auriculis ienqualibus, elongato-acutis, scabroso- suleatis, basin emarginatis, anticis longioribus; umbonibus prominentibus: costis 18 scabris, sub-angulatis, ad angula spinas breves rectas ferentibus ; ad marginem dentatis: colore fusco rufescente, intus fulvo. Long. 1. 20.; lat. 0. 80.; alt. 1. 30.5 poll. Ventricose, equilateral, equivalve, rough; with elongated, unequal ears, and 18 ribs, which have small, erect spines on their angles: colour reddish brown. The only two specimens we have seen are in Mr. Cuming’s cabinet. 64. P. ruGosus. (pl. xix. f. 226.) Nobis. Zool. Proc. 1842. T. ovali, ventricosa, crassa, scabra, equivalvi, sub-equi- laterali: auriculis inzequalibus, scabroso-sulcatis; posticis minoribus; anticis basin emarginatis: costis 20, elevatis, squamis annulatis, angulis serratis. Interstitiis leevibus. Colore, pallidé fulvo, maculis obscuris, fuscis, variegato. Long. 1.12.3 latO.55e5, alt, 1 2555\poll. Oval, ventricose, thick, rough, equivalve, nearly equilateral, ears unequal, roughly grooved; ribs 20, elevated, undercut, with numerous small annulated scales, and serrated edges. 67 Interstices smooth. Ground colour pale yellowish, obscurely mottled with smoky brown. Bureas, Philippines. Mr. Cuming. 65. P. Prs-rexis. (pl. xvii. f. 162. pl. xx. f. 234.) Lin. Syst. Nat. p. 1146. Bornii, Payr. O. coralline: Poli. T. ovali-subtrigona, compressa, scabra, radiatim sulcata, equivalyi, sub-equilaterali, crassa; auriculis inequalibus, nodoso-sulcatis: posticis parvis, anticis magnis: costis 8, crassis, latis, elevatis, sulcatis. Interstitiis latioribus, sulcatis. Colore, fusco-rubescente, fasciis nigris, et maculis albis varie- gato; variat purpureo. Long. 2. 50.; lat.0. 72.; alt. 2..90.; poll. A well known species from the Mediterranean and also from the Persian Gulf. 66. P. parvus. (pl. xx. f. 227-8.) G. B. Sowerby, Sen. Zool. Proc. 1835. p. 110. T. subovata, depressiuscula, sub-zequivalvi, equilaterali, albicante: auriculis inequalibus, graniferis: valvis radiatim costatis; costis 8, ineequalibus, transversim striatis: interstitiis radiatim sulcatis et transversim striatis: Long. 0. 75.; lat. 0. 25.; alt. 0. 80.; poll. * Found in coral sand on the reefs.” Lord Hood’s Island. Mr. Cuming. 67. P. iwBRicatus. (pl. xi. f. 32-3.) Gmel. p. 3318. No. 12. sauciatus Gmel. Chem. t. 69. f. Hu. T. sub-trigona, complanata, sub-levi, sub-equivalvi: auri- culis ineequalibus, complanatis, ad marginem nodosis : posticis parvis, obiusis: anticis magnis, acutis: valva sinistra com- planata : costis 9, rotundato sub-angulatis, tuberculatis, forni- catis, globosis ferentibus: alternis depressis: valva dextra, sub-ventricosa, costis noduliferis equalibus 10. Colore albo, roseo-maculato, costis alternis rubro maculatis, intus ad mar- ginem purpureo, medio luteo ; nonnunquam occurrit purpureo immaculato. Long. 1. 35.; lat. tuberculis exclusis 0. 40; alt. 1.55 '5* poll: This flat trigonal species is remarkable for the hollow imbricated tubercles which are placed at nearly equal distances on 9 alternating ribs. I believe that the figure in Chemnitz referred to by Gmelim for P. sauciatus is only a variety of this species in the state most common in collections, having the knobs worn down. Red Sea. P. RUBROMACULATUS. (pl. xu. f. 34.) nod. T. ovali-subtrigona, equivalvi, sub-equilaterali, sub-com- pressa: auriculis ineequalibus, scabroso-sulcatis: posticis parvis ; anticis magnis, costis 18, prope marginem squamosis, alternis depressis, minoribus, interstitis leeviter striatis: costis 68 valvee dextrae, numerosis, minuté squamosis, ineequalibus : colore sulphureo, costis alternis depressis, rubro maculatis. Long. 0. 92.; lat. 0. 30.; alt. 1.; poll. The only specimen of this shell with which we are ac- quainted is in the collection of the Rev. F.J. Stainforth. The ribs are scaly near the margin, the intermediate ones, which are more depressed, have spots of a deep red colour in the centre of the shell. 69. P. v1eR1s. (pl. xiv. f. 95-6.) Lam. Anim. sans Vert. T. sub-aquivalvi, obliqué sub-trigona, sub-complanata, sub- scabrosa, interné validé costata; auriculis imaqualibus, sulcatis, posticis parvis, anticis acutangulatis ; costis 11, valide sulcatis, supra sub-angulatis, lateralibus parvis; interstitiis sulcatis, latis: colore albo, superné lutescenté, fasciis fuscis rufescen- tibus, angulatim maculato, intus luteo, cardine nigro, macula rosea ad basin auricule antice in valva dextra. Long. 1. 40; lat. 0. 40; alt. 0. 60; poll. The right valve of this species is a litle deeper than the left, contour somewhat oblique and lengthened posteriorly, having 11 longitudinally sulcated ribs, the lateral one on each side very slightly raised. |The colour is nearly white, tinged with yellow, marked with tiger-like stripes of dark reddish brown, the inside is yellow with a black band on the hinge, and a pink spot at the base of the anterior auricle of the upper valve. Indian Ocean, Lam.Isle Masbate, Philippines, Mr.Cuming. 70. P. MADREPORARUM. (pl. xiv. f. 68.) Petit. T. obliqué ovata, compressa, irregulari, radiatim striata : auriculis ineequalibus, anticis magnis, posticis parvis: costis 7 obsoletis, distantibus: colore albo, nigro maculato. Long. 0. 66.; lat. 0. 10.; alt. 0. 80.; poll. This small, white, flat, oval, black-spotted shell is found in holes of Madrepore. It is from the Red Sea. 71. P. TeGuta. (pl. xiv. f. 90.) Wood's Index. T. sub-quadrata, irregulari, sub-cequivalyvi, compressa, folia- ceA; auriculis inequalibus, anticis maximis, valve dextre antica validissimé emarginata; costis, valve sinistre, 9 ad 13 erassis, irregularibus, imeequalibus; squamas crassas, sub- quadratas, ferentibus: interstitiis irregulariter radiatim sul- catis; costis, valvee dextre, numerosis, squamiferis: colore, fusco, paululum variegato. Long. 2. 85.; lat. 0. 90.; alt.-3- 20.; poll. More irregular and more spreading at the sides than the following, with the ribs fewer and thicker; the scales thicker “S and more square, and the anterior auricles much broader. Japan. 69 (2. P.uivipusa(pl. xii. f. 61. pl. xiv. f. 89 et 91.) Lam. Anim. s. Vert. vi. p. 178. P. sulphureo, Lam. et Ost. Tegulo. Wood. inclusis. ' 'T. irregulari, sub-ovali, sub- eequivalvi, compressa, foliacea ; auriculis ineequalibus, magnis, anticis majoribus, valve dextre, antica validissimé emarginata ; costis 16 ad 20, ineequalibus vix elevatis, squamas numerosas, acutas ferentibuss interstitiis irreculariter radiatim sulcatis: colore, fusco variegato, squa- mis luteis vel albis ; variat fusco paululum var eu squamis feré obsoletis ; variat queque sulphureo. Long. 2. 5.; lat. 0. J0i3-alGs:2.25:5° poll. An irregular, compressed, foliaceus species, with 16 to 20 irregular, unequal ribs, having numerous thin scales which are nearly obsolete in some varieties ; the ribs of the lower valve are more numerous. ‘The general colour is variegated purplish brown, with the scales white or yellow; there is a variety scarcely mottled, and another of an uniform sulphureous tint. Red Sea and Japan. es P. sauamosvs. (pl. xiii. f. 48, 49, 50. pl. xiv. f. 88, 92, 93.) Gmel. O. anonyma, Lam. et P. hybridus, Lam. inciu- sis, O. hybrida, Gmel. exclusa. P. arausicanus, Chemn. i: irregulari, sub-ovali, sub- eequivalvi, complanata, foliacea ; auriculis “neequalibus, magnis, anticis majoribus, valvee dextre antica validissimé emarginata; costis 12 ad 18, feré obsoletis, squamiferis, ad umbones ev anidis, valve dextree numerosis, paululum angulatis; colore vario, aliquando ee umbones albo fulgurato. Long. Ie 85.3 lat.O. 50x35 alé.-2. ; poil. The figure i in Lister referred to by Gmelin, aide es os doubt of the identity of this species, which is remarkable among the irregular foliaceus group, for a peculiar flatness, particu- larly at the umbones. The varieties are numerous, many of them being marked with fine zigzag lines of white. Northern Ocean. And also brought from the Philippines by Mr. Cuming. 74. P. sERRATUS. (pl. xu. f. 56.) nob. DL: oblique ovali, irregulari, postice sub-producta, sub-com- pressa, auriculis inaequalibus, posticis minoribus, costis nume- rosis, minutissimeé squamiferis ; ; colore sulphureo, maculis magnis, fuscis, variegato, intus ad marginem purpureo. Long. 1 90-5 dat 0250 calt. 1.40; poll. More ventricase; more oblique, with the auricles smaller and the scales more minute than P. squamosus. Brought from the Philippine Islands by Mr. Cuming. 75. P. IRREGULARIS. (pl. xi. f. 51-2.) nod. T. obliqué ovata, irregulari, sub-equivalyi; auriculis in- 70 eequalibus, scabroso-sulcatis, posticis parvis, obtusis; anticis magnis, acutis; costis numerosis, parvis, scabris, sub-angulatis; colore, miniaceo, radiis septem, albo purpurco que maculats : : umbonibusalbis, purpuTse ubrogue maculatis: variatpurpureo, nigro maculato. Long 1, 20, lat 0,42; alt 1, 45.; poll. “A rather flat, obliquely -oval, irregular species, with unequal auricles and numerous serrated close set ribs. The under valve is rather more ventricose than the upper. The colour is scarlet with seven rays of interrupted white, mottled with purple; near the umbones the shell is white, mottled with purple. Collection of the Rev. F. J. Stainforth. Mr. Sowerby has a purple varicty. 76. P. squamarus. (pl. xii. f. 57, 58.) Gmel. p. 33 Bae Conebst.183: £20. T. rotundato-sub-trigona compressa, irregulariter sub- -aequi- oe ; valvaé sinistra paululim convexiori; auriculis magnis, costatis, aculeato- squamiferis, antica late sub-acutangulata ; costis alterius valvee quinque ad sepvem, latis, leevibus, ‘rotun- datis, aculeato- squamiteri is, irregularibus, quindecim minoribus, interstitialibus, interstitiis minutissime punctatis, alterius ccs- tis irregularibus, squamiferis, ineequalibus; colore brunneo- rufcscente, costis magnis squamiferis rubris; variat testa alba. Long. 1. 75e5 dat. 0. 50. salt. 1.78545)-poll: A smooth flattish shell, with from 5 to 7 broad ribs, with large elevated scales, the intervals being filled up with several narrow ribs in enc: The ground colour is dull clouded brown, relieving the pr incipal rips, which are red. An inspection of the figure in Listcr, referrel to by Gmelin, will remove all doubts as to the identity of our shell, which has been erroneously figured in Reeve’s “ Conchologia Systema- tica,” as Rastel ana Lam. The white variety is figured by favour of Miss Saul. 77. P. Brupi. (pl. xx. f, 241, 242.) Payr. Moll. p. 78. pls 2. £ LO; a. “P. testa sub-rotundata, equivalvi, s sab-equilatera, flava; radius valve superioris varils, alternis minoribus, in longum lineatis et tenuiter squamosis; radiis valve inferioris binis, etiam lineatis et papillosis; auriculé alteraé minima; nover ad undecim lineas lata.” “ Hab. les Golfes de Sagone, d’Ajaccio, de Valineo, de Porto Vecchion. Peu abondant.” The rays of the upper valve alternate irregularly in size, they are slightly annulose or papillary; those of the lower are also irreewlar and papillary, but are disposed i in pairs. The fl shell, which is sub-trigonal, flat and irregular, bears some resemblance to P. Pusio, but the ribs are much larger and more rugose. Corsica. 78. P. AcuLEATUS. (pl. xi. f. 47.) Jefferys Conchological Magazine. P. vitreus, Var. Chemn. t. 67. f. 637. 0. T: cequivalvi, sub-ovali, tenui, radiatim striata, striis punctis elevatis, minut’ aculeatis ; auriculis inequalibus: postica parva, antica magna, avenue valvee, validé emarginata; colore pallide luteo, rubro-nebulato. Long. 0. 80.; lat. 0. 20.; alt. 0. 90.; poll. The specimen from which our figure is taken was found in breaking up a mass of a British species of Serpula. It is identical with the shell figured by Chemnitz in association with, and as a variety of, his P. vitreus, which however, according to his own statement, is quite distinct. Great Britain. 79. P. viTREwvs. (pl. xiv. f. 86-7.) Chemn. t. 67. f. 637. a. Ne parva, compressa, eequivalyvi, sub-zequilaterali, radiatim striata, alba, griseo-punctata; auriculis latis, sub-zequalibus. Long. 0. 40. ; Plate OM; alt10.°50. 5. poll! The small shell here figured, which was brought by Mr. Cuming from Sorsogon, resembles the ficure’ given by Chemnitz t. 67. f. 637, a. for the first variety of his P. vitreus. which, from the description, as well as from the figure, differs entirely from the shell figured as a second variety, the P. aculeatus of Jefferys. 80. P. cornneEus. (pl. xi. f. 44-5. pl. xx. f. 244-5.) nobis. T. pellucida, tenui, equivalvi, rotundato-ovali, obliqué sub- equilateral ; ; auriculis ineequalibus, costatis, ad basin striatis, postica parva, antica magna, costis levibus, indistinctis, planulatis, numerosis, interstitiis aoncentrieg® minutissimé striatis. Long. 0. 47.; lat. 0. 25.; alt. 0. 52.; poll. A light transparent species, of a horny colour and texture: the anterior auricles are much larger than the posterior, the ribs are irregular, very slightly raised, flattened and smooth: the interstices are very finely striated across. When young, the shell is radiated by several bands of brown. Magellan. 81. P. opsoLetus:. (pl. xiv. f. 74, 75, 79.) Pennant. Brit. Zool. t. 61. f. 66. Tigerinus, Miller. domesticus, Chemn. T. ovali sub-trigona sub-ventricosa, equivalvi, sub-eequi- laterali, leevi vel obsoleté striata, auriculis valdé inzequalibus, posticis minimis, anticis magnis, sulcatis; colore, valdé vario, plerumque maculis purpureis, albis, luteisque variegato. Long. 0. 84.; lat. 0. 30. alt. 0. 90.; poll. Oval, inclining to triangular, nearly equilateral, equivalve, 12 radiately striated or nearly smooth, with the auricles very unequal; the posterior being very smooth. The colouring is various, most commonly consisting of large spots of purple and white upon a ground of light purple or yellow. Great Britain. 82. P. HASTATUS. (pl. Rok: de 236s) 00: Ae walk subtrigona, subelongaté, scabra; auriculis in- eequalibus, posticis mininis, anticis magnis, scabroso-sulcatis : valva sinistra, costis 8, ineequalibus, valde elevatis, angulatis ; spinas numerosas, erectas, subcrispatas ferentibus. costis intense Eee numerosis, ineequalibus, serratis: valva dextra, costis 22, angulatis, spinosis; colore rubro, intus albo. Long. 0; 95.3 Jat.0.730%;, alto, 15.5 poll, Oval, inclining to triangular, rather elongated, rough ; with very unequal ears, the posterior ones being very small; the upper valve has eight unequal, elevated, angular ribs, with numerous erect, slightly curved, sharp spines, and several smaller spinose ribs in the interstices. The lower valve has 22 more nearly equal ribs with more numerous and smaller spines on the angles. The only specimen we have seen is in the collection of the Rev. F. J. Stainforth. 83. P: Pusi0..(pl. xiv. 1. 62, 3, 4;,5,) LaSysta Nate p- am 46: palliolum Chem. , P. ovali, subzequivalyvi, ineequilaterali, subirregulari, radi- atim scabroso-sulcata, suleis in valva dextra, duplicatis : auriculis neequalibus, posticis minimus, anticis magnis, ad basin Be ae Se re colore vario, plerumque variegata. Long. 0. 80.; lat. 0.95.3 alt. 1.5; poll. The above name thes been erroneonsly applied to the ir- regular attached shell properly, called Hinnites sinuosus. The shells are somewhat similar in their young state. This species has numerous small rough ribs which are doubled in the lower valve. Mediterranean. 84. P. ornatus. (pl. xiv. f. 77, 78, 89.) Lam. Anim: sans Vert. vie pa ba T. ovali subtrigona, compressa, eequivalyi, seabra: auri- culls ineequalibus, posticis minimis, anticis magnis, acutis, sulcatis ; costis valve sinistree numerosis inequalibus, alter- natim majoribas-valve dextre, duplicatis. Interstitiis scabris; colore pallidissime fulvo, maculis elongatis, undulatis, fine ciatim variegato, plerumque costis tribus, albis; occurrit etiam, rubro, prope umbones solum maculato. Long. 0. 93.; lat. 0.30.5, alt. 1210.3 poll: Oval, nearly triangular, rather flat, equivalve; auricles unequal, the postericr extremely small: the ribs of the upper ia valve are numerous, unequal, rather undercut, crenulated, the alternate ones most prominent: those in the under valve -are doubled. The colour is nearly white, variegated with undulating banded patches of deep red; these patches are generally interrupted by three of the ribs being white; a variety occurs in which the dark red is spread nearly over the entire surface of the shell. Atlantic Ocean. 85. P. ALBOLINEATUS. (pl. xiv. f. 69.) nob. Zool. Proc. 1842. T. ovali subtrigona, compressa, equivalvi; auriculis in- equalibus, posticis minimis, anticis magnis, acutis, sulcatis: costis numerosissimis, aqualibus, subquadratis. Interstitiis levibus. Colore palidissime; luteo valve dextre, costis griseo maculatis, valve sinistre, costis griseis, lineis albis interruptis, costis tribus albis. ong. 0, 98.; ‘lat. 0, 25%: alt. 1. 19; poll. Differing from P. ornatus in having the ribs more numer- ous and more equal in both valves. The shell is nearly white, with grey spots on the under valve, and in the upper valve, the tops of all the ribs, excepting three, are grey, the spaces between the white ribs being crossed by narrow lines of white. Brought by Mr. Cuming, from Guimaras, Philip- pines. 86. P. sANGUINOLENTUS. (pl. xiii. f. 59.) Gel. p. 3322. No. 41. T. ovali subtrigona, scabra, subequivalvi, subzequilaterali ; auriculis ineequalibus, noduloso-sulcatis, acutis, posticis mi- noribus ; costis 9, crassis, valdé elevatis, subquadratis, nodu- loso-sulcatis, lateribus serratis. Interstitiis magnis, noduloso- sulcatis: cardine obliqué plicato. Colore albo, roseo-tincto, supra costas fasciis rubris, latis, distantibus, variegato. Long. 1. 60.; lat. 0. 50.; alt. 1. 75.; poll. This species bears some resemblance to P. Pallium, but it is more triangular in form, and the ribs are fewer, much more deeply undercut, and more elevated; the angles of the ears are much more acute. Rep Sea. 87. P. Pauurum. (pl. xvii. f.148—150. pl. xviii. f. 167— 68.) Lin. Syst. Nat. p. 1145. O. regia, Gmel. T. Subrotundataé, compressa, equivalvi, subequilaterali : auriculis inequalibus, noduloso-sulcatis: costis 14 ad 16, tri- partitis, elevatis, crassis, subquadratis, concentric® squamatis, squamis plerumque tripartitis, imbricatis, numerosis, tenuis ; interstitiis squamoso-sulcatis; intus ad marginem dentatis. Colorealbo, purpureo fasciatimmaculato; intusalbo,marginibus I 74 aurantiacis ; variat aurantiaco, albo-maculato, atque purpureo. Long. 3. 5.3; lat. 0. 92.5 alt. 3. 5.; poll. This well-known species is remarkable for the three rows of thin, sharp, scales upon each rib. South Seas. 88. P. sPINIFERUS. (pl. xx. f. 229, 230.) G. B. Sowerby, Senr. Zool. Proe. 1835. 110. Ps pulcherrimus, ‘Graz, Beechey’s Appendix. “T. subovata, depressiuscula, subequivalvi, cequilaterali, auriculis inzequalibus, sinistra majore; valvis radiatim costatis, costis utriusque valve novem, latis, squamuliferis, squamulis fimbriatis ; valve alterius marginibus dorsali, antico, posticoque spiniferis. Long. 0. 9. lat. 0. 25. alt. 0. 9.” A richly sculptured little species, from Lord Hood’s Island. 89. P. TRanquEeBanricus. (pl. xu. f. 12. 13.) Gmel. p. 3328. T. ovali-subtrigona, ventricosa, equivalvi, equilaterali, crassa: auriculis ineequalibus sulcatis; posticis mediocribus, rectis; anticis majoribus, acutis: costis 18, subleevibus, ele- vatis, subquadratis, lateribus minutissimé serratis: colore pallidissimé fulvo, maculis magnis fuscis irregulariter fasci- atim varlegato; vel aurantiaco, immaculato. Long. 1. 35; lat. 0: 60:- alt. 15 40. Somewhat triangular, ventricose, equivalve, equilateral, thick: with unequal ears, the anterior large; ribs 18, smooth on the tops, very finely striated at the sides. The usual colour is nearly white, with large, defined, brown patches. An orange variety 1s not uncommon. Tranquebar. 90. P. Stncaporinus (pl. xi. f. 55. ph. Kivi. dt. /2s) moo: T. rotundato sub-trigona, sub-compressa, equivalvi, eequi- laterali, sub-tenui; auriculis mequalibus; anticis magnis; costis 24, elevatis, sub- quadratis, levibus: colore albo pallidé roseo faneen radis 4, latis, fusco lineatis; propé umbones griseo maculato. Long. 1. 30.; lat. 0. 40.3 alt. 1. 30. Differing from the preceding in being more depressed, and rounded, and having a much greater number of less elevated ribs ; the auricles, although unequal, are less disproportionate. Var. f. 55. Mr. Norris’s collection; Var. f..71, Mr. Cuming, Singapore. 91. P. Senatorius (pl. xvu. f. 151 and pl. xviii. f. 188 to 192.) Gmel. p. 3327. ostrea porphyria? citrma? aculeata? Gmel. P. florens, Lam. (ft 188) P. aurantius, Lam. P. ovali sub-trigona, sub-depressa, eequivalvi, sub-levi ; latere postico paululiim expanso: auriculis inaequalibus ; scabroso-sulcatis; posticis plerumque obtusis; anticis elongatis, 75 ad basin emarginatis; costis 20 ad 24 sub-elevatis, leevibus vel minuté serratis, squamis annulatis, ad latera numerosis ; colore Vario. lions, S5.s) lat. 0: 70.5, alt.,2..;- poll. Oval, rather triangular, rather depressed, equivalve ; with the posterior side more expanded than the anterior ; auricles very unequal, the anterior being generally much produced ; ribs 20 to 24 slightly elevated, round on the tops and either smooth or very finely serrated, with annulated scales, which are generally obsolete towards the centre of the shell. The author having laid together some 50 specimens of this species, all of which differed from each other in some degree, found that although the extreme varieties, such as f. 151 were scarcely recognizable as belonging to the same species, the intermediate gradations were so minute as to render it impos- sible to divide them. Indies, Molluccas; var. f. 151. Red Sea. 92. P. crassicosTatTus. (pl. xv. f. 111. pl. xvii. f. 152.) nob. T. sub-rotundaté, crassa, sub-zquilaterali, sub-levi; auriculis ineequalibus, costas squamiferas ferentibus: costis 24 crassis, elevatis, sub-quadratis, annulatis, lateralibus squamiferis. Interstitiis feré loevibus, colore pallidé purpureo, vel aurantiaco, intus albo. Long. 4. 50.; lat. 1. 50.; alt. 4. 30.; poll. - The ribs of this species are much more square and elevated than those of P. senatorius, it is also a thicker and larger shell. Locality unknown. 93. P. 1cELANDICUS. (pl. xvi. f. 159, 160, 161.) Chemn. 7. to 65. f. 615. 616. Ostr. Cinnabavina. Dillwyn. T. ovali, sub-compress4; sub-equivalvi, sub-zquilaterali, tenui, posticé paululim expansa; auriculis inequalibus, scabroso-sulcatis; anticis magnis: costis numerosissimis, ineequalibus, minute serratis ; colore aurantiaco, concentricé fasciato ; vel albo, vel purpureo concentricé et radiatim fasciato. icone, .3.; late 1. 20.3 alt. 3.,25..;, poll. A well known oval, nearly equilateral, equivalve shell, with unequal auricles and numerous irregular, unequal, serrated, narrow ribs, which are grouped together in twos, threes and fours. Northern Ocean. 94. P. aspERRIMUS. (pl. xvii. f. 156, 157, 158.) Lam. Anim. s. vert. vi. p. 174. P. rotundato sub-ovali, ventricosdé, tenui, equivalvi, ineequilaterali, scabroso-sulcata posticé sub-expansa: auriculis ineequalibus, scabroso-sulcatis: costis 25, angulatis, ad latera serratis, ad angulum erecto-squamosis: interstitiis nullis 76 colore fusco-rubescente, vel purpureo, vel aurantiaco. Long. S01Os late). 10ss ‘alt. 2220" poll: Rounded, oval, oblique, ventricose, thin, equivalve ; with unequal suleated auricles ; ribs 25, angular, serrated at the sides and having small, regular, erect, scales. The colour of the most common variety 1s reddish brown; while some specimens are orange red and others purple. Found in sponge. New Holland. 95. P. Austratis. (pl. xix. f. 210, 220.) nod. T. sub-ovalhi, ventricosa, crassiuscula, aquivalvi, inzequi- laterali, postice sub- -expansa : auriculis ineequalibus, scabroso- suleatis; costis 23 crassis, sub-angulatis, trifariam divisis, lateribus serratis, angulis squamatis; interstitiis planis. Long. Ab, sVateObo.s alin. 50. soll The shell is thicker and rounder than P. asperrimus, with fewer and less angular ribs and flat interstices. The ribs are composed of two rows of small, sharp points and a central ridge with scales. Swan River. 96. P. varius. (pl. xix. f. 214. 218.) Linn. Syst. Nat. p. 1146. Ostr. muricata, punctata, mustellina, violacea, tenuis, versicolor (f. 216), incarnata, media, ochreoleuca, flammea, Gmel. le sub-ovahi, tenui, sub-irregulari, valva sinistra paululim majori, umbonibus angustis ventricosis: auriculis valdé ineequalibus; muricato- sulcatis: posticis parvis, obtusis; anticis magnis, acutis; dextre valve antica longitudine alteram superante, margine valde inflexa et squamata, ad basin valde emarginata; costis 27 ad 30, sub-quadratis distantibus, squamas erectas, acutas, distanter ferentibus: interstitus latioribus, colore vario. Long. 2.; lat. 0. 75.; alt. 2. 25. ; poll. Rather oval, lengthened, thin, not quite regula Ty with the under valve rather smaller than the upper, which is slightly ventricose near the umbones: the anterior auricles are much elongated, that of the upper valve considerably overlapping the other at the margin, with the sinus very large: ribs trom 20 to 30, muricated by distant, erect, sharp scales, the interstices smooth, rather wider Then the ae. Some varieties are considerably smoother than others, with a greater number of ribs. The variations in colour are numerous. In the variegated varieties the white patches have an angulated character. Great Britain and Mediterranean. 97. P. sPLENDIDULUS (pl. xx. f. 246.) nob. T. ovali, sub-trigona, tenui, compressa, ad latera angulata ; ii auriculis valdé inaequalibus, squamoso-sulcatis, complanatis ; anticis latis, elongatis ; sinumagno: costis 25, concinnis, sub- distantibus, rotundato sub-quadratis, squamas, distantes, erectas, acutas ferentibus: colore rubro, maculis albis elongatis, ad auricula et ad latera fasciatim variegato. Long. 1. 20.; lat. 0. 35.; alt. 1. 35.5 poll. A more compressed, regular, and neat shell than P. varius. In the collection of Mr. Cuming. Singapore. 98. P. sANGUINEUS (pl. xix. f. 221-2) Linn. according to Gmelin. T. ovali,sub-compressa, regular, equivalvi, sub-zequilaterali; auriculis ineequalibus, muricato-suleatis, marginibus elevatis ; anticis elongatis ; costis 25, crassis, sub-angulatis, squamas, mumerosas, erectas, angulatas, parvas, ferentibus, margine dentatis ; interstitiis angustis, planis; colore rubro, sanguineo, albo-variegato seu griseo, albo nigroque variegato; intus fulvo. Long. 1. 70.; lat. 0. 60.5 alt. 1. 95. ; poll. The author cannot doubt the identity of the red variety of this species, with the figure quoted by Gmelin. The dark variety, which is variegated black and white, is new to our collectors, Mr. Cuming having brought a number of speci- mens from the Philippine Islands. The ribs are angular, and much thicker than in P. varius, and the interstices are nar- rower than the ribs. 99. P. mrntaceus (pl. xx. f. 247.) Lam. Anim. sans vert. vol. vi. p. 67. T. ovali, compressé, subzquivalvi ; auriculis inzequalibus, minut® scabroso-sulcatis: costis 30, rotundatis, annulatis, ad latera minutissimé serratis; interstitiis planis. Colore miniaceo, maculis albis, undulatis variegato, costis infra maculos minute concentricé lineatis. Long. 0. 90; lat. 0. 32 ; alt. 1. 05; poll. A small oval species, with unequal auricles, and 30 ribs which are minutely serrated at the sides, and annulated by obliterated scales. The colour is red, variegated by white undulating patches, beneath which the ribs are crossed by minute concentric lines. Mr. Cuming’s Cabinet. 100. P. nrvevs. (pl. xix. f. 223-4.) — ? T. ovali, sub-tenui, ventricosa, valva sinistra paululum majori; auriculis inzequalibus, anticis majusculis: costis 40. leevibus, quadratis; spimas distantes, erectas, acutas ferentibus: interstitiis planis. Colore albo (nonnunquam occurrit rubro angulatim variegato?) Long. 1. 50; lat. 02°60: > alt bs 70.5 poil. 78 More regular, more oval and more ventricose than P. varius, with the anterior auricles smaller in proportion, and 40 muri- cated ribs instead of 25 or 30. It is a white British shell, the coloured variety (fig. 223) is more like P. varius, but has the same number of ribs as this species. Great Britain. 101. P. Pszeupouma. (pl. xx. f. 235.) nob. T. rotundato-ovali, sub-obliqua, sub-equivalvi, ventricosa : auriculis ineequalibus, squamoso-sulcatis; anticis elongatis, acutis, valve dextre, ad marginem spinosis; posticis parvis obtusis; costis 27, crassiusculis, bi-sulcatis, sub-rotundatis, series tres squamarum, acutarum ferentibus: interstitiis angustis, planis: colore aurantiaco, albo (precipué ad umbones) variegato. Long. 1. 15.; lat. 0. 50.5; alt. 1. 20. ; poll. The ribs in this species are beautifully ornamented by thre rows of close, sharp, erect, slightly curved scales. Brought by Mr. Cuming from Jacna, Bohol, Philippines. DOUBTFUL SPECIES, NOT MENTIONED ABOVE. Linneus. Ostr. striatula, minutz, pellucens, flavicans. Gmelin. Ostr. elegans, rosea, tenuis (Gault. t. 17.f. 3.) cre- nata, (Lister. t. 170. f. 7.) pusilla (Gault. t. 74. 1. a.a.) triradiata (Miller. Zool. Dan. 2. t. 160. f. 12.—P. dandi- cus? Chemn.) Fuci (Mill. Zool. Dan. 2. t. 60. f. 3. to 5.) septemradiata, arata, crenulata (Radula ?) innominata, subrufa, valentina, (Valent. Abb. t. 13. f. 2.) seminuda (Knorr. Vergn. 6. t. 19. f. 4.). Chemnitz. Pect. vitreum. Conch. t. 67. f. 638. 1. A. B. C. (The two latter are quite distinct.) aculeatus (Jeffreys). Born. Ostr. elongata, t. 6. f. 2. perhaps a small pes felis. Poli. Ostr. nebulosa, t. 2. f. 12. multistriata, t. 28. f. 14. Pennant. Ostr. levis, pl. 64. f. 3. Gray. Pect. vitreus. App. Parry’s Voyage (hyalinus ?). Lamarck. Pect. lineolaris, Anim. sans Vert. p. 166. Dela- sueur. pl. 15. f. 3. a. b. flabellatus, p. 172. dispar., p. 173. (obsoletus ?) quadriradiatus, p. 173. hexactes, p. 178. Conrad. Pect. obliquatus. Philippi. Ostr. teste. Payradeau. Pect. Dumasii, (inflexus, clavata, Poli.) MONOGRAPH OF THE GENUS HINNITES. Char. Gen. Molluscum accephalopodum monomyarium. Testa ad herente, bivalvi, ineequivalvi, irregulari, biauricu- lata: cardine recto, foveola trigona, centrali, cartilaginem reci- piente ; ligamento linearo, umbonibus contiguis. Obs. The alledged difference between this genus and Pecten, consists in the disputed fact, that the shells of this genus are attached to submarine substances by the surface of the lower valve, and therefore, in giving the characters as above, I have used the word ‘ adherente’ in opposition to the term ‘libera” which is applied to the genus Pecten, because if the genus is to be adopted, that will be its dis- tinction. At the same time, however, I am rather inclined to entertain the opinion expressed by G. B. Sowerby, Senr. (Zool. Journ.) that the Hinnites as well as the Pectines, are provided with a byssus; but that, in the case of the former, the shell growing in a confined situation, “ becomes pressed close to, and takes the shape of the substances to which it adheres, and the extremely rare occurrence of an opportunity of observing its byssus may have given rise to the idea of its being adherent by its outer surface to those substances.” DESCRIPTIONS. 1. H. stnvosus (pl. xx. f. 1, 2, 3.) Pecten pusio, distor- tus, nonnull. T. oblonga, tenui, confertim radiatim striata, striis scabris ; auriculis inzequalibus, radiatim scabris: valva dextra prope marginem ventralem plerumque irregulariter depress, olita. Shell oblong, thin, closely striated, strie radiating, sca- brous ; ears unequal, with scabrous radiated strie ; outside 80 of the lower valve, particularly the ventral margin, generally flattened and smooth. In its young state this shell is quite regular, but becomes increasingly irregular with age. Great Britain. 2. H. Giaanreus (pl. xx. f. 3. 4. 5.) Hinnita gigantea, Gray in Ann. of Philos. Aug. 1826. Lima gigantea. Id. in loc. cit. “T. oblonga, extus pallidé brunnea confertim radiato-sul- cata, extus alba, margine cardinali purpurea; Long. 4.; alt. 5. poll.” “Trrecularly oval, thick, radiately striated, with the ears small, narrow, hinge thick ; colour pale brown, with reddish radiating streaks, inside white, hinge purple.” 3. H. CORALLINUS. “'T, valdé irregulari, extus corallino-rubra, valva superiore radiatim costella, costellis muricato-subasperis : intus pallidé sub-fusca, marginibus basalibus sordidé purpureis; long. et alt. subzequalibus.” “Shell very irregular, outside of a fine coral red, upper valve with small radiating ribs, here and there muricated ; inside pale subfuscous, basal margins dull purple; muscular impression having the appearance of a horny substance veined with the same as the other parts of the inside, its lower edges variegated with pale dull purple ; inside composed of a distinctly facetted crystalline substance, with occasional black coriaceous spots near the edges Lower valve paler in colour than the upper; very rough with the irregularities of the sand-stone rock upon which it has been placed.” Eastern Africa. Iam unable to give afigure of this shell, as the only known specimen was in the collection of the Rev. D. Goodall, which has been distributed in various quarters since the lamented death of that dignitary. EXPLANATION OF PLATES XII PEC TEN: Fie. 1, 2. P. gibbus, Sp. 22. Fre. 59: 3, 4. P. corallinoides, 59. 5, 6. P. unicolor, 44. 60. 7, 8. P. solaris, 28. 61. 9, 10. P. bifrons, 26. 62, 63, 64, 65. 11. P. superbus, 52. 66, 67. 12, 13. P. tranquebaricus,89. 68 14, 15. P. clavatus, 47. 16. P. danicus, 48. 69, 70 17. P. gibbus, 22. pe 18, 19. P. ventricosus, 19. lea or 20, 21. P. lati-auritus, 36. 74, 75: 22. P. solaris, 28. 76. L~ 23. P. circularis, 18. ier ber v/ 24, 25. P. pyxidatus, 13. Te: 26. P. ventricosus, 19. 80. 27, 28, 29: P. tumidus, 37. 81 30. P. Rastellum, 50. 82, 83, 84. 31. P. velutinus, 55. 85 32, 33. P. imbricatus, 67. 86, 87 34. P. rubromaculatus, 88 68. 89. 35, 36. P. sulcicostatus, 6. 90. 37. P. sub-plicatus, 57. 91 38, 39. P. noduliferus, 56. Sylar! 3 § 40. P. Greenlandicus,35. 94 41, 42, 43. P. flagellatus, 40. oo, U0 44, 45. P. corneus, 80. 97 46. P. distans, 49. 98, 99, 100. 47. P. aculeatus, 78. 101. 48, 49, 50. P. squamosus, 73. 102, 103, 104. 51, 52. P. wregularis, 75. 105, 106 s-53, 54. P. proteus, 42. 107, 108 55. P. Singaporinus, 90. 109; 110 56. P. serratus, 74. ER 57, 58. P. squamatus, 76. 112 81 WOU SOUS tS TO XX. P. sanguinolentus, 86. . Patagonicus, 27. . lividus, 72. . pusio, 83. . hyalinus, 39. Madreporarum, 7a: albolineatus, 85. Singaporinus, 90. sub-plicatus, 57. obsoletus, 81. gibbus, 22. ornatus, 84. obsoletus, 81. ornatus, 84. sub-plicatus, 57. proteus, 42. nucleus, 17. vitreus? 79. squamosus, 73. lividus, 72. Tegula, 71. lividus, 72. squamosus, 73. . noduliferus, 56. Tigris, 67. sub-nodosus, 61. maximus, 1. laqueatus, 4. medius, 5. dentatus, 11. Jacobzeus, 3. Japonicus, 31. crassi-costatus,92. subnodosus, 61. K Fie. 113: 114. 1S. 1G 7: 11S. 119; 120, 121, 2. 124, 125. 126: 127, 128. 129 -133. 134. 135, 136. 137, 138. 139, 140. 141-146. I 148 - 150. Aoi 152. 153. 154, 155. 156-158. 159-161. 162. 163, 164. 165, 166. 167, 168. 169-176. 177, 178. L79-18i2 182. 183 -186. 187. 188-192. 1935195; ede Pacha Nac Neches Racha-Bacla-acBa-Dacha-Ba- Ba" ha-ha-Ba-Ba-a~Ba-B4-a- 1A“ Be-aaoea . purpuratus, 21. . magnificus, 60. . nodosus, 62. . similis, 2. . fuscus, 8. . sinensis, 9. . magellanicus, 33. purpuratus, 21. . obliteratus, 29. . pleuronectes, 30. . Ziezae,-10. . sinensis, 9. . pleuronectes, 30. . Laurentii, 32. . irradians, 20. opercularis, 23. nodosus, 62. Pallium, 87. . Senatorius, 91. . crassi-costatus,92. Jacobeeus, 3. . Radula, 54. . asperrimus, 94. Icelandicus, 93. pes-felis, 65. Erythreensis, 12. subviridis, 7. . Pallium, 87. . glaber, 41. . medius, 5. . sulcatus, 43. . distans, 49. . exasperatus, 25. . Danicus, 48. . senatorius, 91. . Ineequiyalvis, 15. Fra. 196, 197. 198, 199. 200 -204. 205 -207. 208 -210. In P P P P; 211, 212. P. Pseudamusium, 34. 213-218. P. varius, 96. 219-220. P. Australis, 95. 221, 222, P. sanguineus, 98. 223, 224. P. niveus, 100. 225. P. muscosus, 63. 226. P. rugosus, 64. 227, 228. P. parvus, 66. 229, 230. P. spiniferus, 88. 231, 232. P. orbicularis, 38. 233. P. pictus, 51. 234. P. pes-felis, 65. 235. P. Pseudolima, 101. 236. P. hastatus, 82. 237 -239. P. Plica, 58. 240. P. histrionicus, 53. 941,242. P. Brueu,37 7. 243. P. Pseudamusium. var. 34. 244. P. corneus, 80. 245. P. corneus, var. 80. 246. P. splendidulus, 97. 247. P. miniaceus, 99. 248. P. undulatus, 46. HINNITES. 1, 2, 3,.4, HL. smuesus. 5, 6, 7. H. giganteus. . asper, 14. . aspersus, 16. . flexuosus, 45. . undulatus, 46. subrufus, 24. 2 Wak. Pram i ils Wate XIII Nat Diam | Fe) M / J “ XN DR 99 $ Nat Diam a Z By ZN df \ FEL an i ae OEP ait tet aa? Ay lek ; nal iS ae as A) ] Tht ae a i¥ } ; Py Lae Ne 4 all ie ba is aha £ nat dam ATI he a) ; bs rie: Wes ij we My ney he) ‘ ‘% NE ued yas AV 114 ¢ Nat: Diam CBS. Furze q ‘ 4] 4 as a | nes F Nat Diern f Ae \ f ' : frie! ji : ; ALAN: t ’ i | , af ' , x " iY me) ‘ , i I Lem i iP Ae J - ‘ \ i) ~ 4 ‘ ' V . ,' if, ' ¢ U ; iy Ng ' \4 ; in i 4 y hy : a ae i i A | i 77 { , . ny ‘a F ‘ a y ; x r “a ' . « \ AVH : , 3 nat dam Peay ay Teves 14>, ry Liege 737] ny 77 ¢ ZN . 7 + ‘ ‘ ’ ' ing: ie ‘3 - peti sy t. ~ mal o a. '' re ~! oe) ending 5 ’ be + * i ni 5) - + a TN MONOGRAPH OF THE GENUS CYCLOSTOMA, BY G. B. SOWERBY, F.L.S. &c. Char. Gen. Molluscum terrestre gasteropodum, pulmoni- ferum, sexibus separatis. ‘Testa turbinata, polymorpha, spire apice obtuso; anfractibus plerumque rotundatis: apertura plerumque feré circulari, plus minusve posticé angulato ; peritremate continuo, spe incrassato, reflexo, Operculum pauci-vel gaulti-spirali, calcareo vel corneo. The diversity of form of the shells composing this genus is very remarkable, as will be seen by reference to our plates, some of the species being turreted, others planorbular, with every intermediate gradation ; the apex of the spire is always obtuse; the volutions are almost constantly rounded, and the aperture is for the most part nearly if not quite circular, in some instances somewhat elliptical and more or less angular posteriorly ; the peritreme is generally continuous, sometimes sinuated on the umbilical side, sometimes interrupted at its junction with the last volution, and sometimes notched posteriorly, frequently simple and sharp-edged, and in many instances reflected, or thickened and reflected, and variously fringed, sometimes double, having an inner simple and an external reflected edge. The recent species of this Genus are now very numerous ; in 1822 Lamarck had only described 26; in 1832 i had drawn up the characters of 108 species, and at the present time we have represented and described 175 species. ‘There are how- ever still several of Lamarck’s species with which we are not acquainted, and of which we here mention the names, in hope to gain the information of which we are now destitute: these are his C. ambigua, C. decussata, C. lineolata, and C. muliilabris, the number being now reduced to fowr, whereas in 1831 we gave a list of six species which we then did not know; we are indebted to M. De Lessert for our present knowledge of Lamarck’s C. mamillaris and C. Orbelia; the first of which is identical with that called C, Volziana, by Michaud, 90 It will perhaps be observed that De Lessert has published figures representing the above Lamarckian species ; we must, however, note that the one he calls ambigua, represents Lamarck’s interrupta ; that the figures intended to represent decussata and lineolata, do not resemble any species we have ever seen, and that the figure of C. multilabris Lam. represents only an accidental deformity* We have particularly to acknowledge our obligations to the Rey. F. J. Stainforth, for the use of his very complete collec- tion of species; to M. Alcide D’Orbigny, for the species collected by him in Cuba; and to Hugh Cuming, Esq., for the numerous species collected by himself among the Philippine Islands, as well as for much information relative to localities which he has kindly communicated to us. We have arranged the species under two divisions, the first consisting of those which have the peritreme simple and not reflected, or very slightly so; and the second consisting of those in which it is more or less reflected, of the former there are 56 species, and of the latter 119 species. At the same time we have endeavoured, as far as we could judge of their affinities, to bring together those species which are most nearly related, so that the whole will be found to form natural groups; for example, the 168th to the 175th species, consisting of C. antillarum, C. tortum. C. ventricosum, C. auriculatum, C. tortuosum, C. altum, C. pupiniforme, and C. minus are evidently closely allied species ; thus again the 158th to 162nd which are all European species bearing a general resemblance to each other, are all brought together: the same may be said of C, Involvulus and of C. leve and their cognate species, as well as of nearly all the remainder; if we have not always fully succeeded in our attempt, it appears to have been because the affinities have not been very obvious. *It seems needful to remind our general readers that CycLosToma is neuter, consequently the specific names should terminate in wm or e, except when they are substantives, such as Orbvella, goniostoma, multilabrum, Ortyx, Cincinnus, &c. 91 DESCRIPTIONS. $1 Peritreme not reflected. 1 C. suTURALE. pl. xxiii, f. 1. 2) nod. T. orbiculato-depressd, tenui, epidermide olivacea induta, anfractibus 3-4, rotundatis, transversim tenuissimé striatis, sutura canaliculaté; lined levata, filiformi prope suturam ; apertura circulari, superné emarginatione obsoleta ; peritre- mate tenui, margine acutiusculo; umbilico patulo; operculo concinné spirali. Shell of a depressed orbicular form, with a nearly flat spire, thin and white, covered with a thin olive-coloured epidermis; whorls 3 to 4, rounded, finely striated trans- versely, or in the direction of the axis ; suture canaliculated, with an elevated, thread-like line next to it; aperture cir- cular, slightly notched at the upper edge, peritreme thin, with a sharpish edge ; umbilicus wide, spreading; operculum thickish, testaceous, with a very fine spiral line on the outer side. Demerara, Mr. Bainbridge. 2. C. ASPERULUM (pl. xxiii, f. 3.) nod. T. orbiculato-subdepressa, tenui, translucida; anfractibus 4—5, rotundatis, rugulosis; sutura distincta; apertura rotundata, superné acuminatiuscula, peritremate tenul, mar- gine acutiusculo; umbilico magno. Shell of a somewhat depressed nearly orbicular form, thin, semitransparent, white; volutions 4—5, minutely rugu- lose all over; suture distinct, aperture nearly circular, but acuminated at the upper part where the peritreme is joined to the last volution, peritreme not thickened, margin sharp; umbilicus large. Several specimens of this species were in Mr. G. Humphrey’s collection, labelled “ Pyzis, Jamaica.’ A young shell has a shelly operculum, and a thick green epidermis. 3. C. sEMISTRIATUM. (pl. xxiii. f. 6) nod. T. orbiculato-subdepressa, tenui, albida, fasciis pallide fuscis interruptis; spira subprominuld, apice obtusiusculo ; anfractibus 4—5, rotundatis, superné longitudinaliter striatis, infra levibus; sutura distincté; apertura circulari, superné subacuminata; peritremate obsoletissimé subreflexo, tenul, margine acutiusculo ; umbilico magno ; operculo sulco externo spirali, anfractibus 4—5. hell of a somewhat depressed orbicular form; thin, whitish, with narrow pale brown interrupted bands; spire 92 rather prominent, its apex rather obtuse; volutions 4 to 5, rounded, spirally striated on the upper side, but smooth beneath ; suture distinct ; aperture circular, slightly acuminated at the upper part; peritreme thin, with a sharp edge, very slightly reflected; umbilicus large; operculum with a deep spiral groove outside, having from 4 to 5 volu- tions. From G. Humphrey’s collection, labelled “ Poonah.” 4. C. BrastLiense, (pl. xxii. f. 7.) nod. T. orbiculato-subdepressa, tenui, alba, opaca; anfractibus 4—5, rotundatis, transversim striatis ; sutura profundiuscula ; apertura circulari, peritremate tenui, acuto; umbilico magno; operculo testaceo, duplicato, extus tenuissimé spirali. Shell of a rather depressed orbicular form, thin, white, opaque and chalky in appearance, volutions 4 to 5, transversely striated, strie sharp and close set; suture deep; aperture circular; peritreme thin, sharp-edged; umbilicus large, operculum shelly, thick, double, smooth within, with a very fine spiral line on the outside. Collected in abundance in shady places near Rio Janeiro. 5. C. GIGANTEUM. (pl. xxiii. f. 8, 9.) Gray, Mus. Brit. T. orbiculato-subdepressa, crassiuscula, albicante, epider- mide cornea fulva induta; apice rufescente; anfractibus 5—6, rotundatis, transversim striatis, striis superné validioribus ; suturaé distincta, strid longitudinaliter impressa propé suturam; apertura subeffusé, superné angulata, et im ca- nalem inconspicuam subdecurrente, peritremate subin- crassato; umbilico magno; operculo linea elevata spirali, instertitiis oblique striatis. Shell of a rather depressed orbicular form, thickish, white, with a red apex, and covered with a horny fulvous epidermis, which is sometimes paler above and darker on the lower part, and sometimes worn away in such a manner as to leave a dark fulvous band in the middle of the last volution ; volu- tions 5—6, rounded, transversely striated, more strongly on the upper than on .the lower half; suture distinct, with a longitudinally impressed line near to it; aperture rather spreading, angular above, where it forms an incon- spicuous pointed canal; peritreme rather thickened, not very sharp-edged; umbilicus large; operculum with an elevated spiral line, of many volutions, with the iterstices obliquely striated. Salango, W. Columbia; under dead leaves. H. Cuming. yee Inca.(pl. xxiv. f. 71, 72.) DOrb. Mag. de Zool. 1835, p: 29. 93 T. suborbiculari, subdepressa, tenuiuscula, viridescenti-fusca, fascia saturatiori linedque albicante medianis ; spira brevissima obtusa, anfractibus 4, levibus, transversim striatis: sutura distincta ; apertura circulari, posticé subacuminata, peritre- mate tenui; operculo crassiusculo, anfractibus 7. Shell nearly orbicular, rather depressed, and thin, of a greenish brown, with a darker band, and a whitish circumferen- tial line; spire very short, obtuse, with four smooth trans- versely striated volutions ; suture distinct; aperture circular, rather acuminated posteriorly, with a thin peritreme ; opercu- lum thickish. From Yungas in Bolivia, D’ Orbigny, 7. C. oRBELLA. (pl. xxii. f. 6*, 6**) Lam. p. 148. De Lessert Recueil pl. 29, f. 13. T. suborbiculari, subdiscoidea, tenui, apice obtuso, paululum levato, submamillari; anfractibus 4, superné spiraliter striatis, striis prominentibus, infra levitér striatis; umbilico patulo ; apertura circulari, peritremate tenui, subreflexo. Shell nearly orbicular, almost discoid, thin and hyaline, with a slightly elevated, obtuse, submamillary apex; volutions 4, with prominent spiral striz on the posterior part, but with very slight strie anteriorly; umbilicus wide spreading; aper- ture circular with a thin and slightly reflected peritreme. In Mr. Cuming’s Collection ; locality unknown. 8. C. sTRAMINEUM, (pl. xxix. f, 211, 212.) Reeve. T. suborbiculari, subdepressa, tenui, fulvescente, spira obtu- sa, anfractibus 4, rotundatis, posticé prope suturam rugulosis, deinde striis elevatis obliquis ad umbilicum magnum decurren- tibus ; apertura subelliptica, peritremate tenui, acuto, postice paululim angulato, supra ultimum anfractum subinterrupta ; operculo testaceo, anfractibus 7, obliqué striatis, sutura pro- funda. Shell suborbicular, depressed, thin, pale yellow-brown; spire obtuse; volutions 4, rounded, rugulose at the posterior part near the suture, and then with elevated oblique lines, running into the umbilicus, which is very large; aperture slightly elliptical, peritreme thin, sharp edged, slightly angular, and in a small degree interrupted at the last volution ; operculum testaceous, with 7 obliquely striated volutions. From Merida in the Columbian Andes. 9. C. crincuLATUmM (pl. xxix. f. 213, 214.) nob. T. suborbiculari, subdepressa, crassiuscula, albicante, epi- dermide castaneo-fusca induta ; spira brevi, obtusa, anfractibus 4, rotundatis, rugulosis, cingulo ad peripheriam levatiusculo, M 94 nigro ; apertura circulari, peritremate subincrassato, simplici, posticé subacuminato; umbilico magno, intus transversim striato, extus rugoso. Shell suborbicular, rather depressed, whitish, covered with a chestnut brown epidermis: spire short, obtuse, with 4 round- ed, rugulose volutions, the last showing a slightly elevated black band at the periphery; aperture circular, peritreme slightly thickened, not reflected, a little acuminated posteri- orly; umbilicus large, transversely striated, rugose ex- ternally. From the mountains of New Granada, communi- cated by Mr. Powis. 10. C. pustuuuM. (pl. xxiii. f. 5, 5*.) nod. T. orbiculari, subdiscoidea, apice spire subprominulo ; an- fractibus 4, rotundatis, lineis incrementi solim striatis ; sutura profunda; apertura circulari, peritremate tenuiusculo, subre- flexo, postice, propé anfractum ultimum subemarginato; um- bilico patulo ; operculo multispirali, extus concavo, margine canaliculato, intus nitido. Shell orbicular, nearly discoid ; apex of the spire rather prominent, volutions 4, rounded, marked only with fine striz of growth; suture deep; aperture circular, peritreme rather thin, slightly reflected, and with a single very slight notch-at the posterior part next to the last volution; umbilicus wide ; operculum multispiral, concave externally, bordered with a channel and shining inside. Found at the roots of shrubs and trees at Calaumay, Isle of Lucon, and in the Isle of Negros, in earth under decayed leaves; by Mr. Cuming. 11. C. RUFESCENS. (pl. xxiv. f. 36, 37.) nod. T. suborbiculari, rufescente, spira brevi, anfractibus 4 ro- tundatis, spiraliter costellatis et striatis, costellis crenulatis ; sutura profunda; apertura circulari, pertremate tenui; umbilico magno. Shell nearly orbicular, generally of a reddish colour, with a short spire consisting of 4 rounded, spirally ridged and striated volutions; the ridges crenulated ; suture deep; aperture cir- cular, with a thin sharp peritreme; umbilicus large. From Martinique, communicated by L. T. Powis Esq. 12. C. PLEBEIUM (pl. xxv, f. 40.) nod. T. subglobosa, tenui, obscura, subfusca, spira breviuscula, anfractibus 4, rotundatis, rapidé crescentibus; apice obtu- siusculo; sutura distinctaé; apertura magna, circulari, peritre- mate tenui; umbilico parvulo; operculo multispirali, extus albicante, maculo centrali depresso, margine canaliculato, intus nitido. 95 Shell nearly globose, thin, with a dull reddish brown sur- face, spire rather short, with 4 rounded, rapidly increasing volutions, apex rather obtuse; suture distinct ; aperture large, circular, with a thin peritreme ; umbilicus small; operculum multispiral, whitish externally with a depressed central spot, inside shining, with a channeled border. Found under dead leaves, near Calaumay, Lugon, H. Cuming. 13. C. sTENOSTOMA (pl. xxxi. f. 261.) nod. T. suborbiculari, depressa, crassa, levi, castanea, albido- maculosa; spira feré plana, anfractibus 4, subrotundatis ; apertura fere circulari, posticé subangulata, paululum coarctata, peritremate subincrassato, umbilico maximo; operculo corneo, anfractibus sex. Shell suborbicular, depressed, thick, smooth, chestnut coloured with whitish specks; spire nearly flat, volutions 4, somewhat rounded; aperture nearly circular, angular posteri- orly, slightly contracted; peritreme a little thickened; um- bilicus very large; operculum horny, with six volutions. From Arabia, communicated by Mr. Powis. 14. C. cornRrUGATUM (pl. xxii. f. 10, 11.) nod. T. orbiculato-subdepressa, crassiuscula, albida, apice ru- fescente, epidermide tenui fusca induta; spira subpromi- nula, acuminatiuscula; anfractibus 5, rotundatis, trans- versim striatis et corrugatis; sutura distincta; apertura circulari, subeffusa, superné angulata, et in canalem incon- spicuam desinente; peritremate tenuiusculo, margine acu- tiusculo, latere umbilicali incrassato; umbilico magno, margine crenulato, intts transversim striato; operculo tes- taceo, extis lamina elevaté convoluta, intus corneo, polito. Shell of a rather depressed orbicular form, thickish, and of a dirty white colour, with a reddish apex, and covered with a thin fuscous epidermis, spire rather prominent and slightly acuminated, volutions 5, rounded, transversely striated and corrugated; suture distinct, but not deeply marked ; aper- ture circular, rather spreading, angular, and forming an inconspicuous canal at the upper part, where it is joined to the last volution ; peritreme thin, its outer margin sharpish, its umbilical edge thickened; umbilicus large, transversely striated within, its edge crenulated; operculum shelly, with a raised convoluted lamina on the outer side, shining and horny in appearance within. Although this species has been long well known it does not appear to have been described or figured by any author. It has been taken for the C. rugosa 96 of Lam. from whieh it is, however, very distinct. Its oper- culum is remarkably neat. Jamaica. 15. JAMAICENSE. (pl. xxiii. f. 12, 13.) Gray in Wood’s Supp. to Ind. Test. t. 6, f. 3. Turso JAMAICENSIS, Chemn. '’. orbiculato-subconica, crassiuscula, plerumque pallida, epidermide fusca, induta, anfractibus 4—5, rotundatis, trans- versim tenuissimé striatis, superné corrugatis, prope suturam elevatiusculis ; sutura distincta; apertura circulari, subeffusa, superné angulata, et in canalem brevissimam, inconspicuam, desinente; peritremate subincrassato, margine externo acutius- culo, interno incrassato, obtuso; umbilico magno, margine carinato, intus transversim striato; carina umbilicali extus corrugata; operculo testaceo, extus lamina elevata, convoluta, obtusa, intts corneo. Shell of a rather conical orbicular form, thickish, generally of a pale colour, covered with a dark brown epidermis; volutions 4—5, rounded, very finely transversely striated, corrugated on the upper part, and rather raised next to the suture; suture distinct, but not deeply marked ; aper- ture circular, somewhat spreading, angular at the upper part, where it forms a very short and inconspicuous canal, peritreme slightly thickened, its outer margin rather sharp, its umbilical edge thickened and blunt; umbilicus large, and transversely striated within, strongly keeled at the edge, corrugated out- side of the keel; operculum shelly, with a raised, convoluted, obtusely-edged ‘lamina outside, and appearing horny and shining within. Common in Jamaica: it is distinguished from C. corrugatum by the umbilicus being surrounded by a strongly marked keel, and by the lamina outside the opercu- lum having its edge reflected. 16. C. FiLosum. (pl. xxii. f. 14.) Beechey, t. 38. f. 31. T. orbiculato-subconica, crassiuscula, pallida, anfractibus 5, rotundatis, longitudinaliter striatis et carinatis, carinis duabis majoribus fusco-articulatis, inferiore suturali: sutura minimé distincta; apertura circulari, peritremate sub-incras- sato, superné sinuato, et subangulato, in canalem brevissi- mam iInconspicuam desinente, margine obtusiusculo ; um- bilico magno, margine carinis duabus, intus profunde striato. Shell of a somewhat conical orbicular form, its spire rather shorter than the aperture, thickish, of a pale colour, volutions 5, rounded, longitudinally striated and carinated, the two more prominent keels speckled with reddish brown, the lower one running along the suture, which is otherwise very indis- 7 tinct; aperture circular, peritreme rather thickened, sinuated at the upper part, and rather angular, forming a very short inconspicuous canal, edge rather obtuse; umbilicus large, deeply grooved within, its edge with two prominent keels. A very rare Kast Indian species. 17. C. CLATHRATULA. (pl. xxiii, f. 15. 16.) Recluz. Rev. Zool. 1843. T. subglobosa, crassiuscula, spira subconoidali, apice obtuso; anfractibus 4—5, rotundatis, superné spiraliter tenuiter striatis, et decussatis, infra levibus ; apertura subovali, superné angulata, peritremate crassiusculo, supra umbilicum mediocre, paululum extenso. Shell nearly globose, thickish, light yellow brown, with an obtusely pointed, rather conoidal spire, volutions from 4—5, rounded, their upper part finely and spirally striated and the interstices of these strie very finely striated obliquely, the lower part smooth; aperture rather oval, angular above, peritreme thickened, spreading over a very small part of the middling sized umbilicus. From Yemen, Arabia. 18. C. pouirum. (pl. xxiii. f. 17.) nod. T. subglobosa, crassiuscula, subpellucida, polita, spira subco- noidali, apice obtuso; anfractibus 4, rotundatis, pallidis, brunneo-variegatis ; sutura distincta; apertura circulari, peri- tremate subincrassato, intus subconstricto, superné suban- gulato; umbilico parvo. Shell nearly globose, thickish, subpellucid, shining, spire rather conoidal, with an obtuse, and generally black, tip; volutions 4, distinctly rounded, of a pale colour, more or less varied with brown, and having a brown band at the lower part ; suture distinctly marked ; aperture circular, peritreme thickened, angular at the upper edge, with a slight internal constriction near the edge, which is obtuse ; umbilicus small. 19. C. LuctpuM. (pl. xxii. f. 20. 21.) Lowe. Trans. of Cambr. Phil. Soc. 1831. t. 6. f. 40. T. subglobosa, olivaceaé, spira conoideé, subacuminata, anfractibus 4—5, rotundatis, levibus ; apertura subporrecta, circulari, coarctata, margine obtuso; umbilico nullo; operculo crasso, Intus margine elevato. Shell subglobose, olivaceous ; spire conoidal, rather acu-~ minated; volutions from four to five, rounded, smooth ; aperture circular, contracted, edge obtuse ; umbilicus none ; operculum thick, with the inner edge raised. Madeira. 98 20. C. tistEeRI. (pl. xxiti.f..22. 23.) Gray. Mus. Brit. T. subglobosa, crassiusculaé, spirad conoidea, subacumi- nata, anfractibus 4—5, rotundatis, levibus, nonnunquam superné spiraliter obsolete striatis; sutura distincta; aper- turd circulari, peritremate subincrassato, superné angulato, latere umbilicali calloso, callo umbilicum partim obtegente ; umbilico parvo, spiraliter striato. Shell nearly globose, thickish, spire conoidal, rather acu- minated ; volutions 4—5 rounded, smooth, sometimes obsoletely striated longitudinally, more distinctly so in young specimens; suture distinct; aperture circular; peritreme somewhat thickened, angular at the upper part, spread- ing on the umbilical side into a callus which partly covers the small spirally striated umbilicus. Mauritius. 21. C. nigatTuM. (pl xxii, f.24.) Lam. Anim. sans Vert. T. tenui, subglobosa, spira conoidea, subacuminata ; anfractibus 5—6, rotundatis, obsoletissime longitudinaliter et transversim obliqué striatis; sutura distinta; apertura circulari, superné subangulata; peritremate tenui, paululum subreflexo, latere umbilicali patente; umbilico parvo, levissimo. Shell thin, subglobose, with a conoidal, rather acumi- nated spire, consisting of 5— 6 rounded volutions which are very obsoletely striated longitudinally on the upper part, these strize being obliquely crossed by other transverse striz which are equally faint, the suture is strongly marked; the aperture is circular, rather angular at the upper part; peritreme thin, very slightly reflected, spreading so as partly to cover the umbilicus on the inner side ; umbilicus small, and together with the lower part of the volutions quite smooth. The apex is of a dark colour. 22.C. AFFINE. (pl.xxiil. f. 25. 26) nob. Turbo ligatus, Wood. T. tenui, subglobosa, spira conoidea, subacuminata; apice obtuso ; anfractibus 4—5, rotundatis, leevigatis; apertura cir- culari, superné subangulata ; peritremate tenui, latere umbili- cali paululum reflexo ; umbilico parvo spiralitér sulcato ; oper- culo leevigato, nucleo sublaterali. Shell thin, nearly globose, with a conoidal, rather acu- minated spire, whose apex is obtuse; volutions 4 — 5, rounded, smooth; aperture circular, slightly angular at the upper part; peritreme thin, very slightly reflected on the umbilical side; umbilicus small, spirally grooved; operculum smooth, with a somewhat lateral nucleus. 99 23. C. FULVESCENS (pl. xxv. f. 79, 80.) nod. T. globoso-conica, tenuiuscula, pallidé brunnea, spira sub- acuminata, anfractibus 5, rotundatis, confertim spiralitér striatis, ultimo maximo ; apertura fere circulari, peritremate tenui; satura distincta ; umbilico parvo. Shell globosely conical, rather thin; of a pale brownish colour, with transverse bands of darker brown; spire rather acuminated ; volutions 5, rounded, covered with close set spiral striz ; the last volution very large; aperture nearly cir- cular, with a thin peritreme; suture distinct ; umbilicus small. From Madagascar, sent to Mr. Cuming by M. Petit. 24. C. ortyx. (pl. xxii. f. 27. 28.) D’Orb. Mag. de Conch. t. 117. f. 2. T. tenui, subglobosa, pallida, fusco-variegata, spira conoidea, subacuminata, apice acutiusculo; anfractibus 4—5, ventri- cosis, spiraliter sulcatis et carinatis; apertura circulari sub-effusaé, peritremate tenui, subreflexo, margine levitér sinuato, umbilico mediocri, spiraliter sulcato; operculi anfractibus obliqué striatis. Var. sulcis carinisque anfractuum obsoletioribus. Shell thin, nearly globose, with a conoidal, somewhat acuminated, rather sharp pointed, spire; volutions 4 to 5, ventricose, longitudinally grooved and carinated ; aperture circular, rather effuse, with a thin subreflected peritreme whose edge is slightly sinuated; umbilicus of moderate dimensions, spirally grooved; operculum spiral, its volu- tions obliquely stiated. _ From the Seychelles. 25. C. UNDULATUM. (pl. xxii. f 29. 30.) nod. T. globoso-conoidea, crassiuscula, spira acuminatiuscula, apice obtuso; anfractibus 5, ventricosis, spiraliter sulcatis, superné propé suturam distinctam undulatis; apertura feré circulari, superné obtusissimé emarginata, peritremate tenui, latere umbilicali in callum incrassatum, supra umbilicum parvum extenso; umbilico spiraliter sulcato. Shell globosely conoidal, thickish, spire rather acuminated with a blunt point; volutions five, ventricose, spirally grooved, and undulated on the upper edge near the suture, which is well marked ; aperture nearly circular, very slightly emarginated near the upper part where it joins the last volution ; peri- treme thin, except on the side next to the umbilicus, where it is thickened into a callus nearly covering the small umbilicus, which is spirally grooved. Bengal. 26. C. spuRcUM. (pl. xxiv. f. 75, 76.) nod. 100 T. suborbiculari, rufescente-fusca ; spira prominula, anfrac- tibus quatuor rotundatis, albicante-subvariegatis, spiraliter striatis, et subcarinatis; sutura distincta, subcrenulata ; aper- tura circulari, peritremate albo, tenui, subreflexo; umbilico parvo ; operculo crassiusculo, anfractibus quinque. Shell nearly orbicular, of a reddish brown colour; spire rather prominent, consisting of four rounded, spirally striated, and somewhat carinated volutions, usually somewhat variega- ted with whitish; suture distinct, slightly crenulated; aperture circular, with a white, thin, slightly reflected peritreme ; umbi- licus small; operculum thickish, with five volutions. In Mr. Cumings collection, locality unknown. 27. C. sutcatum. (pl. xxiii. f.31.) Oliv. Voyage dans le Lévant. C. costulatum nonnull. T. tenui, globoso-conoidea, unicolore, spira acuminatiuscula, apice obtuso, papillari; anfractibus 4-5, ventricosis, spiraliter suleatis, creberrimé decussatis; apertura circulari, superné subangulata, peritremate tenui, continuo; umbilico parvo, spiraliter sulcato; operculo pallido, maculo centrali satura- tiori, anfractibus oblique striatis. Shell thin, nearly globular, with a somewhat conoidal, sub- acuminated, blunt pointed papillary spire; volutions from four to five, ventricose, spirally grooved, the grooves crossed by very fine strize; aperture circular, with a slight angle at the upper part, peritreme thin, continuous, blunt edged ; umbilicus small, spirally grooved; colour violaceous or orange brown, darker at the apex, and becoming gradually paler as it increases in size, without any bands; operculum pale coloured, with a darker central spot, its volutions numerous and obliquely striated. This is not the C. sulcata of Lamarck; it was dis- covered by Olivier and has since been found at Mehadia, in the Bannat, by M. Partsch. 28. C. GLuaucum. nob. (pl. xxiv. f. 39.) T. subgloboso-conica, crassiuscula, rufescente, glauco-tinc- ta; spira mediocri, apicé obtuso; anfractibus 5, subventricosis, leevibus, tenerrimé spiraliter striatis, striis posticis majusculis ; sutura subobtecta, anticé subcrenulata, linea impressa antica ; apertura feré circulari, posticé subangulata; peritremate sub- incrassato ; umbilico parvo, angusto. Shell subglobosely conical, thickish, of a reddish colour with a glaucous tint; spire of moderate length, with an obtuse apex; volutions five, rather ventricose, smooth and very finely transversely striated, the posterior striz being the larger; su- 101 - ture partly covered by the edge of the next volution, which is slightly crenulated, with an impressed anterior line; aperture nearly circular, rather angulated posteriorly ; peritreme some- what thickened; umbilicus small, narrow. Brought by M. Hoffman, locality unknown. 29. C. Parvum.(pl. xxxi. f. 254, 255.) T. suborbiculari, depresso-conoideda, tenui, levigata, fulves- cente, radiatim fusco-strigata, 'spira'brevi, submucronata, anfrac- tibus 5 rotundatis, tenerrimé spiraliter striatis, obsoletissimé 4 ad 5carinatis; apertura circulari, peritremate simplici, pos- tice subemarginato, umbilico magno; operculo corneo, crasso. Shell suborbicular, depressedly conoidal, thin, smoothish, yellowish brown, with dark brown radiating stripes; spire short, somewhat mucronated, with five rounded, very finely spirally striated volutions, the last volution large, with 4 or 5 exceedingly obsolete keels: aperture circular, peritreme sim- ple, slightly emarginated posteriorly ; umbilicus large; oper- culum horny, thick. From the Island of Zebu, Mr. Cuming. 30. C. ELEGANS. (pl. xxii. f. 32, 33.) Auctm. T. oblongo-subacuminata, spira obtusa, submamillari ; anfractibus 4-5, ventricosis, spiraliter sulcatis, creberrimé decussatis ; sutura distincta, rotundato-subexcavata; apertura subrotundata, superné subangulaté; peritremate tenui, con- tinuo ; umbilico minimo; operculo pallido, macula subcentrali fusca, anfractibus paucis, obliqué striatis. Shell of a rather acuminated oblong shape, with an obtuse, rather mamillary apex; volutions 4—5, ventricose, spirally grooved and very finely decussated; suture distinct, somewhat rounded ; aperture nearly round, somewhat angular at the upper part; peritreme thin, continuous, blunt edged ; umbilicus very small; operculum pale coloured, with a nearly central dark spot, its whorls few, obliquely striated. Europe. 31. C. MARMOREUM. (pl. xxiii. f.34, 35.) Brown in Edin. Journ. of Nat. and Geogr. Science, vol. 1. T. oblongo-subacuminaté, apice obtuso, submamillari ; anfractibus quatuor, ventricosis, marmoratis, nitidis; sutura distincté ; apertura subrotunda, superné subangulata ; peri- tremate tenui, continuo ; umbilico minimo. Shell of a rather acuminated oblong shape, with an obtuse rather mamillary apex; volutions 4, ventricose, of a dark colour, marbled with white, quite smooth and shining ; suture distinct ; aperture nearly round, rather angular at the upper N 102 part ; peritreme thin, continuous; umbilicus very small. Near Edinburgh, Mr. Gerarde. 32. C. crncinNUus. nob. (pl. xxiv. f. 77, 78.) T. suborbiculari, subturrita, tenui, albida, interdum fusco- unifasciata ; anfractibus 5, rotundatis, posticé spiralitér sul- catis, sulcis subdistantibus, anticé spiraliter, striatis; sutura distineta; apertura cireulari, peritremate tenui, versts umbili- cum parvum subreflexo; apicé obtusiusculo. Shell suborbicular, somewhat turreted, thin, whitish, some- times with a single brown band; volutions five, rounded, pos- teriorly spirally sulcated, the grooves rather distant, anteriorly spirally striated; suture distinct ; aperture circular, with a thin peritreme, which is slightly reflected towards the small umbilicus ; apex rather blunt. In Mr. Cuming’s collection ; locality unknown. 33. C. mMINUTISsIMUM. (pl. xxx. f. 251) Zool. Proc. Feb. 1832. p. 32. T. globoso-pyramidali, fulva, apice nigro; anfractibus 3 rotundatis, sutura profunda; apertura circulari, peritre- mate acuto ; umbilico nullo; operculo corneo. This very minute species, which is not more than one- twentieth of an inch in length, is not quite so wide as it is long, but of a nearly globose form, though slightly pyrami- dal; it is of a dull brownish yellow colour, with a black apex : volutions three, rounded, with a deeply impressed suture ; aperture circular, its peritreme sharp: it has an horny oper- culum, but no umbilicus. Found by Mr. Cuming under dead leaves on Pitcairn’s Island. 34, C. PUPIFORME. (pl. xxiv. f. 43, 44.) nod. T. subacuminato-cylindracea, apice truncato ; anfractibus 4, turgidis, ereberrimeé decussatis; sutura distincta; aper- tura subrotunda, superné angulata; peristomate subreflexo ; umbilico minimo. Shell nearly cylindrical, very slightly acuminated, its apex truncated or decollated; spire consisting of 4 turgid, very finely decussated volutions ; suture strongly marked ; aperture nearly round, angular at the upper part, peritreme very slightly reflected ; umbilicus very small, 35. C. MAMILLARE. (pl. xxiv. f. 45.) Lam. C. Volzianum, Michelin Cog. d’Algers. T. subacuminato-cylindracea, levi, albicante, fusco- punctulata, apice obtusiusculo; anfractibus 5—6, subventri- cosis, superné obsoletissimé decussatis ; apertura subovali, 103 superné acuminatiuscula; peritremate tenui, subreflexo ; umbilico minimo. Shell somewhat cylindrical, rather acuminated, with an obtuse apex, whitish with fuscous dots; volutions from 5 to 6, rather ventricose, smooth, very obsoletely decussated at their upper edges ; aperture rather oval, rather acuminated at the upper part; peritreme thin, slightly reflected ; umbilicus very small. Algiers. 36. C. aurantiacum. (pl. xxiv. 46, 47.) nob. C. aurantium, Gray, Wood. Supp. t. 6. f. 23. T. acuminato-pyramidali, apice decollato, pallid® fulva aurantiaco vel fusco-variegata; anfractibus 5, ventricosis, levigatis, nonnunquam decussatis, striis spiralibus eminen- tioribus; sutura distincta; apertura subovali,superné acu- minatiuscula, inttis aurantiacd ; peritremate patente, albi- cante; umbilico minimo. Shell of an acuminated pyramidal form, truncated at the tip, of a pale fulvous colour, varied with orange or brown; some specimens are of an uniform colour, and others have several very narrow orange or brown irregular bands ; volu- tions 5, ventricose, smooth, sometimes more or less strongly decussated, the spiral striae being the most prominent; suture distinct ; aperture rather oval, slightly acuminated at the upper part, of an orange colour within ; peritreme spread- ing, whitish, umbilicus very small. The apex of this and several others is deciduous, so that when full grown they are _always truncated at the tip. I have never seen the young shell of this species. 37. C. simrue. (pl. xxiv. f. 48, 49.) Gray, M.S. ined. T. subacuminato-pyramidali, apice decollato, albicante, interruptim fusco lineata; anfractibus 4, ventricosis, ple- rumque decussatis, nonnunquam levigatis, striis spiral- ibus eminentioribus; suturd distincta; apertura subovali, fauce croced, peritremate patente, albieante ; umbilico minimo. Shell of a somewhat acuminated pyramidal form, truncated at the tip; whitish or pale ferruginous, sometimes a little variegated, and sometimes with interrupted brown lines ; volutions 4, ventricose, generally strongly marked with de- cussating strie, the spiral strie being the stronger, sometimes nearly smooth ; suture distinct; aperture nearly oval, inside saffron-coloured; peritreme spreading, whitish, umbilicus very small. Islands of the Mediterranean 104 38. C. TENELLUo. (pl. xxiv. f. 50.) nod. T. subacuminato-pyramidali, spira aperturam superante, apice obtuso; anfractibus 4—5 ventricosis, spiraliter striatis, interstitiis striarum tenuissimée decussatis ; sutura distincta, rotundato-impressa; apertura feré circulari, superné suban- gulata, disjuncta; peritremate paululum patente; umbilico parvo. Shell of an oblong rather acuminated pyramidal form, obtuse and rounded, not truncated at the apex; s ire rather longer than the aperture; volutions from 4P 5, ven- tricose, spirally striated, the interstices of the striz very finely decussated ; suture distinct, the volutions being as it were excavated near to it give it the appearance of being grooved out; aperture nearly circular, rather angular at the upper part, separated from the last volution ; peritreme very slightly expanded; umbilicus small. A small fillet passes from the upper edge of the aperture to the last volution. 39. C. pyamzum. (pl. xxx. f. 253.) nob. T. subglobosa, tenuiuscula, fuscescente, spira acuminatius- cula, apice obtuso ; anfractibus 44, rotundatis, spiraliter sulca- tis; sutura distincta; apertura subcirculari, posticé paululum acuminata; peritremate tenul, propé umbilicum parvum subreflexo. Shell subglobose, rather thin, fuscous, with a slightly acu- minated, spire, obtuse at the apex, and consisting of 4 rounded spirally grooved volutions ; suture distinct; aperture nearly circular, slightly acuminated posteriorly; peritreme thin, slightly reflected near the small umbilicus. Brought from New Ireland by R. B. Hinds, Esq., R. N. 40. C. Stcuuum. (pl. xxiv. f.51, 52.) nob. C. sulcatum, Drap. and Philippi. T. subacuminato-pyramidali, spira aperturam superante, apice obtuso, anfractibus 5, ventricosis, levigatis, spiraliter obsoletiusculé striatis ; apertura feré circulari, superné subangulata, disjuncta; peritremate paululum patente ; um- bilico parvo; operculo spirali, anfractibus rapidé majoribus, oblique striatis. Shell of a somewhat acuminated pyramidal form, obtuse and rounded, not truncated at the apex; spire rather longer than the aperture ; volutions five, ventricose, nearly smooth, and obsoletely spirally striated; aperture nearly circular, rather angular at the upper part, and slightly separated from the last volution; peritreme spreading a very little; um- 105 bilicus small, its volutions increasing rapidly, obliquely striated. A very common Sicilian species, also found in Provence. 41. C. MexiTense. (pl. xxiv. f. 53, 54.) nod. T. subcylindraceo-pyramidali, apice obtuso, spira aperturam feré duplo superante; anfractibus 5, ventricosis, spiral- iter sulcatis, sulcis alternis obsoletiusculis; apertura feré circulari, superné subangulata, disjuncta ; sinistrali peritrematis margine paululum expanso; umbilico minimo; operculo spirali, anfractibus rapidé majoribus, obliqué striatis. Shell of a somewhat cylindrical pyramidal form, with an obtuse, but not truncated apex, spire nearly double the length of the aperture; volutions five, ventricose, spirally grooved, the alternate grooves nearly obsolete; aperture nearly circular, rather angular at the upper part, and separated from the last volutions; peritreme white, its sinistral margin somewhat spreading; umbilicus very small; operculum spiral, its volutions rapidly increasing, obliquely striated. Malta. 42, C. FERRUGINEUM. (pl. xxiv. f. 55 to 57.) Lam. T. oblongo-pyramidali, apice obtuso, spira aperturam duplo superante; anfractibus 5—6, rotundatis, spiraliter sulcatis ; apertura feré circulari, superné subangulata ; peritremate tenul, acutiusculo; umbilico minimo; operculo spirali, anfractibus rapidé majoribus, obliqué striatis. Shell of an oblong pyramidal form, with an obtuse, but not truncated, apex, spire twice as long as the aperture; volutions from 5—6, rounded and spirally grooved; aper- ture nearly circular, slightly angulated at the upper part; peritreme thin, rather sharp edged; umbilicus very small ; operculum spiral, with obliquely striated, and rapidly in- creasing, volutions. Spain. 43. C. DIssEcTUM. (pl. xxiv. f. 58, 59.) nod. T. oblonga, apice truncato, spiraé aperturam paululum superante, anfractibus 4, rotundatis, spiraliter sulcatis, et tenuissimé decussatim striatis; apertura feré circulari, superné subangulata ; peritremate tenui, continuo, disjuncto, obtusé marginato; sutura distincta, sulciformi; umbilico parvo. Shell oblong, very slightly acuminated, truncated or decol- lated at the apex, spire somewhat longer than‘the aperture; volutions four, rounded, spirally grooved, with very fine decussating striz ; aperture nearly circular, somewhat angular 106 at the upper part; peritreme thin, continuous, separated, with an obtuse edge ; suture distinct, having the appearance of a groove; umbilicus small. 44, C, SEMILABRUM. (pl. xxiv. f. 60.) Lam. T. oblonga, sub-cylindracea, subacuminata, apice decollato, spird aperturam fere duplo superante ; anfractibus quatuor, rotundatis, tenuissimé decussatis, interruptim fusco-lineatis ; apertura subovali, superné angulata; peritremate tenui, extus subpatente ; sutura indistincta; umbilico minimo, Shell oblong, nearly cylindrical, slightly acuminated, the apex decollated ; spire nearly twice the length of the aperture ; volutions 4, somewhat rounded, very finely decussated all over, with interrupted spiral brown lines; aperture nearly oval, angular at the upper part; peritreme thin, the outer edge somewhat spreading; suture distinct; umbilicus very small. Cuba. 45, C. RUFILABRUM. (pl. xxiv. f. 61.) Beck. M.S. T. oblonga, cylindracea, fulvescente, apice decollato ; an- fractibus 4—5, spiraliter sulcatis, sulcis decussato-crenulatis, lateribus subrotundatis ; sutura inconspicua; apertura ellip- ticd ; peritremate incrassato, subexpanso, nigricante. Shell oblong, nearly cylindrical, yellowish brown, apex decollated ; volutions from four to five, spirally grooved, the grooves crossed by decussating lines which give a crenulated character to the intermediate threads, sides of the volutions somewhat rounded; suture not very conspicuous; aperture elliptical, with a thickened, somewhat expanded, blackish peritreme. From St. Croix, Dr. Beck. 46. C. rRANSLUCIDUM. (pl. xxiii. f. 4.) T. subglobosa, subpellucida, alba, epidermide corneo induta; spira breviuscula, obtusa, anfractibus quatuor, rotundatis, propé suturam elevatiusculis, striatis, superne rugulosis ; apertura sub-circulari, superné subacuminata, peritremate acuto; umbilico mediocri; operculo testaceo, tenuiusculo, anfractibus septem, striatis. Shell nearly globose, rather pellucid, white, with a thin, horny, fulvous epidermis; spire short, obtuse, consist- ing of four rounded volutions, rather elevated near the sutures, striated and rugulose on the upper part; aperture nearly circular, acuminated posteriorly, with a sharp peritreme ; umbilicus of middling dimension: operculum testaceous, thin, consisting of seven striated volutions. 47. C. pistincTuo. (pl. xxiv. f. 38.) nob. Bay of Mon- tija, West Columbia; H. Cuming. 107 T. orbiculari, depress, feré planorbula, tenui, alba; spira depressd, anfractibus 4, distinctis, rotundatis, spira- liter sulcatis; apertura circulari, peritremate tenuissimo, acuto. Shell orbicular, depressed, nearly flat, thin, white, with a depressed spire, consisting of four volutions, not quite contiguous to each other, rounded and spirally grooved; aperture circular, with a very thin sharp-edged peritreme. 48. C. coRNU-VENATORIUM. Gmel. (pl. xxiv. f.41, 42.) T. orbiculato-depressa, albicante; spira mucronata, nigra; anfractibus 4 ventricosis, superné transversim striatis, infra levibus, linea mediana ferruginea; sutura produnda; apertura circulari, peritremate tenui, acuto; umbilico maximo. Shell orbicular, depressed, whitish; spire mucronated, with a black apex; volutions 4, ventricose, transversely striated on the upper part, smooth beneath, with a brown spiral line in the middle; suture deep; aperture circular ; peritreme thin, acute; umbilicus very large. Obs. This species approaches most nearly in shape to C. Planorbulum Lam.; it may, however, be distinguished by its lip not being at all reflected. 49. C. L&VIGATUM. (t. xxiv. f. 62, 63.) Webb et Berth- elot, Ann. des Sc. Nat. Mars 1833. C. Canariense D’Orb. T. subrotundata, albida, fulvo-fasciata, levi, spird acumi- natiuscula ; anfractibus quatuor, rotundatis, obsoletissimé transversim striatis, marginibus superné decurrentibus, sutura subcrenulata; apertura circulari, superné acuminata, peritemate tenui, minimé reflexo ; umbilico parvo; operculo spirali anfractibus paucis, leviter obliqué striatis. Shell nearly round, whitish, with brown bands, smooth ; spire slightly acuminated; volutions 4, rounded, very obso- letely transversely striated, with the upper margin decurrent ; the suture irregularly crenulated: aperture circular, acumi- nated at the upper part; peritreme thin, not at all reflected ; umbilicus small; operculum spiral, its volutions few, slightly obliquely striated. There are several varieties of this species, one of which has the whole of the volutions slightly grooved. This last is not the C. suleatum of Draparnaud, nor is it very nearly related to the common C. elegans. Teneriffe. 50. C. ELONGATUM. (pl. xxiv. f. 64.) T. oblongo-subpyramidali, decollata, pallide ferruginea; anfractibus 4. spiraliter striatis, interstitiis decussatis; sutura 108 simplici; apertura elliptica, superné subacuminata; _ peritre- mate tenui, minimé reflexo ; umbilico minimo. Shell oblong, somewhat pyramidal, decollated, pale brown ; volutions 4, spirally striated, the interstices of the strie decussated; suture entire (not crenulated) ; aperture elliptical, rather acuminated at the upper part; peritreme thin, not reflected; umbilicus very small. 51. C. succineum. (pl. xxii. f. 18, 19.) Zool. Proc. Feb. 1832. T. parva, orbiculato-pyramidali, levi, succinea; anfrac- tibus quinque, rotundatis; sutura distincté; apertura rotundata, peritremate tenui, acuto, margine basali interno angulato; umbilico parvo, margine carinato. A small orbicular shell, having’ a rather pyramidal form, smooth and of a reddish amber colour; volutions five, rounded; with a distinct and strongly impressed suture ; aperture rounded; having a prominent angle at the lower in- ternal margin; peritreme thin, sharp-edged: umbilicus small, its margin having a strong spiral ridge. Opara, Mr. Cuming. 52, C. FASCIATUM. (pl. xxiv. f. 65.) Lam. T. cylindraceo-turgida, apice decollato; anfractibus 6, leevibus, fascia spirali fusca centrali; sutura crenulata ; apertura feré circulari. Shell nearly cylindrical, somewhat swelled near the middle, with the apex deeply truncated ; volutions six, with a fuscous spiral band on the two central ones; suture crenulated ; aperture nearly circular. It seems a doubtful Cyclostoma. 53. C. FLAVULUM. (pl. xxiv. f. 66, 67.) Lam. T. cylindraceo-attenuata, apice obtuso, paululim decollato ; anfractibus sex, planulatis, levibus ; sutura distincta, integra ; apertura feré circulari, superné subangulata; peritremate obtuso, exttis producto. Shell nearly cylindrical, somewhat attenuated towards the apex, which is blunt and decollated; volutions six, smooth, nearly flat-sided; suture distinct, entire; aperture nearly circular, rather angular at the upper part ; peritreme obtusely edged, its external lower part produced. 54. C. Cumineut. (pl. xxiv. f. 68, 69.) nob. T. orbiculari, subdepressa, albicante, epidermide fsca ; spira elevatiusculé, carned; anfractibus 5 —6, rotundatis, spiraliter sulcatis; sutura subdecurrente; apertura feré cir- culari, obliqua, alba, superne subacuminata, peritremate sim- plici, subincrassato ; umbilico maximo ; operculo corneo tenul, spirali, anfractibus plurimis, margine fimbriato. 109 Syn. Zoological Proceedings, Feb. 1832. Shell nearly orbicular, rather depressed, whitish, with an olive brown epidermis, which appears to be very deci- duous and which is much thinner on the lower than on the upper parts of the shell, where its remains form a broad, dark band just below the suture ; spire somewhat raised, reddish, obtuse, consisting of five or six rounded, spirally grooved volutions; suture rather decurrent, and indistinct ; aperture nearly circular, oblique, white, rather acuminated at the posterior part, and with a slightly thickened simple peritreme ; umbilicus very large; operculum horny, thin, hyaline, light brown, with numerous volutions and a fringed margin. Island of Tumaco, W. Col. Mr. Cuming. 55. C. FLAvuM. (pl. xxiv. f. 60.) Brod. Zool. Proc. March 1832. T. subglobosa, crassiuscula, flava, spira brevi, subpyrami- dali, anfractibus 5, ventricosis, spiraliter sulcatis, sutura distincta ; apertura subcirculari, superné acuminata, peritre- mate interné incrassato, margine labii externi acuto ; umbilico mediocri; operculo corneo, tenui. Shell nearly globose, thickish, yellow; with a short, somewhat pyramidal spire, volutions five, ventricose, spirally grooved, with a distinct suture; aperture nearly circular, acuminated at the upper or posterior end, peritreme thickened internally and the margin of the outer lip sharp- edged: umbilicus of middling dimensions; operculum horny, thin. Found by Mr. Cuming, buried in the earth, under the root of a palm tree on Chain Island, §.S. This species has the aspect of a marine shell and bears a close resemblance to Littorina. 56. C. InconsPicuum. (pl. xxiv. f. 73, 74.) nob. T. suborbiculari, depressiusculé, albicante, levi, subrugu- losa, spira depressa, obtus4, anfractibus quatuor subventri- cosis, subdeclivibus, sutura distincté ; apertura suborbiculari, superné acuminata, peritremate tenui, acuto ; umbilico magno. Shell nearly orbicular, rather depressed, whitish, smooth with slight rugulosities, spire depressed, obtuse ; four rather ventricose, somewhat inclined volutions, with a distinct suture; aperture nearly orbicular, acuminated at the upper part, with a thin, sharp-edged peritreme, which is close pressed to the last volution just above the large umbilicus. oO 110 § 2. Peritreme more or less reflected. 57. C. BILABIATUM. (pl. xxv. f. 81, 82.) nob. Pterocyclos bilabiatus, Benson. T. discoideaé, spira depressa, feré plana, colore pallido,. castaneo-undulataé; anfractibus 5, rotundatis, gradatim majoribus, levibus; sutura distincta, profundiuscula; aper- turd feré circulari; peritremate duplici, interno simplici, superné emarginato, externo extus undulato, sinuoso, superné in tuberculum fornicatum desinente ; umbilico patulo, an- fractibus distinctis; operculo circulari, spirali, intus concavo, extus convexo, lamelloso. Shell discoid, with a depressed, nearly flat spire, of a pale colour, undulated with chestnut; volutions five, rounded, in- creasing gradually in size, quite smooth; suture distinct, rather deep; aperture nearly circular, with a double peri- treme; inner peritreme simple, notched at the upper part, outer one sinuous and undulated, running into a vaulted tubercle at the upper part; umbilicus large and spreading, volutions distinct within; operculum circular, spiral, concave within, convex and lamellar externally. Brought from Salem, near Madras, by J. M. Heath, Esq. 58. C. PLANORBULUM. (pl. xxv. f. 83 to 86.) Lam. Anim. sans. vert. vi. 2. p. 143. T. discoidea, spira depressa, plana, colore pallido, castaneo- variegata; anfractibus 5, rotundatis, gradatim majoribus, levibus; suturaé distincté, profundiuscula; apertura feré cir- culari, peritremate incrassato, superné et extis reflexo, ultimum versus anfractum desinente, fornicato; umbilico patulo. Shell discoid, spire depressed, flat, colour pale, varied with chestnut ; volutions five, rounded, increasing very gradually in size, smooth,with faintly marked transverse lines of growth ; suture distinct, rather deep; aperture nearly circular, with a thickened peritreme, the upper and outer part of which is reflected, and forms a vaulted projection running upon the last volution ; umbilicus wide, spreading, the volutions con- spicuous within. Several varieties were brought by Mr. Cuming from the Philippine Islands: it is also found in Bengal. 59. C. sPIRACULUM. (pl. xxxi. f. 270. 271. 272. var. f.. 273.) nob. Genus Spiraculum nonnull. T. suborbiculari, planorbula, crassiuscula, albicante, casta- neo radiatim irregulariter strigata, epidermide fuscescente 111 induta; anfractibus 5, rotundatis, nonnunquam levibus, non- nunquam spiralitér striatis, striis subasperis; apertura circu- lari, peritremate duplici, interno angusto, subreflexo, posticé emarginato, externo crassiusculo, reflexo, posticé in canalem desinente ; anfractu ultimo spiraculum tubulosum, vel fornica- tum propé aperturam gerente; umbilico maximo, expanso ; operculo multispirali, intis concavo, extis convexo, lamina spirali conspicua munito. Shell suborbicular, planorbular, thickish, whitish with irre- gular chestnut coloured radiating streaks, covered with a brown epidermis; volutions 5, rounded, sometimes smooth, sometimes with roughish spiral strize; aperture circular, peri- treme double, inner narrow slightly reflected, notched poste- riorly, outer thickish, broader, reflected and forming a canal posteriorly ; the last volution with a tubular or vaulted spira- cle near the aperture and close to the suture; umbilicus very large and wide spreading; operculum of many volutions, concave within, convex externally, and furnished with a white prominent spiral lamina. From India, in Mr. Stainforth’s collection ; we have a smaller, pale coloured variety, also from India. 60. C. piscorpEuM. (pl. xxv. f. 87, 88.) nod. T. discoideaé, spira depressa, plana, pallida, epidermide olivacea; anfractibus 4—5, rotundatis, gradatim majoribus, levibus ; sutura distincta, profundiuscula; apertura circulari, peritremate superné et interné tenui, simplici, externé reflexo, duplici; umbilico patulo, anfractibus intus conspicuis. Shell discoid, with a depressed, nearly flat spire, of a pale colour, with an olivaceous epidermis, volutions from four to five, rounded, increasing very gradually in size, smooth; suture distinct, rather deep; aperture circular, with the upper and inner part of the peritreme thin and simple, the outer part double and reflected ; umbilicus spreading, the volutions distinct within. Demerara. 61. C. yiruipion. (pl. xxxi. f. 262.) nob. T. suborbiculari, subdepressa, crassa, albida, apice fusco ; spira paululim levata, anfractibus 44, rotundatis, spiraliter sulcatis, propé suturam inconspicuam subplanulatis, anticé levioribus ; apertura circulari, obliqué posita, posticé subangu- lata, peritremate paululim reflexo; umbilicum versus declivi; umbilico maximo, intus levi. Shell nearly orbicular, rather flat, thick, whitish, with a brown apex; spire slightly raised, of 44 rounded, spirally 112 striated volutions, rather flattened towards the indistinct suture, nearly free from grooves in front ; aperture circular, obliquely placed, slightly angular posteriorly, peritreme slightly reflected, slanted off toward the umbilicus, which is very large and smooth within. From Yemen, Arabia; com- municated by Mr. Powis. 62. C. virratum, (pl. xxv, f. 89. 90.) nod. T. subdiscoidea, spira elevatiuscula ; anfractibus quinque, ro- tundatis, albicantibus, spiraliter fusco-fasciatis, superné spira- liter striatis; sutura distincta; apertura magna, circulari, intus fulva,fusco-fasciata, peritremate albicante, reflexo ; um- bilico amplo, anfractibus intus conspicuis. Shell subdiscoid, with a rather elevated spire; volutions five, rounded, whitish, spirally banded with brown, and longitudinally striated on the upper part; suture distinct ; aperture circular, yellowish, with brown bands within, peri- treme whitish, reflected ; umbilicus large, the volutions con- spicuous within. Brought from Madegascar by Mr. Caldwell. 63. C. ex1cuum. (pl. xxv. f. 92.) nod. T. subdiscoided, spira elevatiuscula ; anfractibus quatuor, rotundatis, albis, levibus; sutura profunda impressa ; aper- tura circulari, peritremate marginato ; umbilico magno. Shell subdiscoid, with a rather elevated spire, and with four rounded white smooth volutions; suture deeply impressed ; aperture circular, with a reflected bordered peritreme : umbi- hus large. 64. C. Mexicanuo. (pl. xxv. f. 93.) Menke. T. orbiculato-convexd, albidaé, opaca, spira submucro- nata, anfractibus 5, rotundatis, transversim striatis; sutura profundiuscula: apertura circulari, intus flavida: peritremate obtuso, reflexo, latere anfractis ultimi emarginatione obtusa; umbilico lato et profundo. Shell orbiculato-convex, whitish, dull, with a slightly mucronated spire consisting of five volutions, which are rounded and transversely striated and separated by a rather deep suture: aperture circular, yellowish within: peritreme obtuse, reflected, with an obtuse notch in the side next to the last volution: umbilicus broad and deep. Found near Papontla in Mexico, Schiede. 65. C. mMacuLosum. (pl. xxxi. f. 256, 257.) nob. T. suborbiculari, depressa, crassiuscula, levi, castanea, albido-maculosa; spiraé paululum levata, apice nigricante ; anfractibus 4, rotundatis, obsoleté spiraliter striatis; aper- 113 tura subcirculari, peritremate subincrassato, subreflexo, pos- ticé acuminatiusculo; umbilico maximo, spiraliter castaneo lineato. Shell nearly orbicular, depressed, thickish, smooth, of a chestnut colour mottled with whitish ; spire slightly elevated, with a blackish apex, volutions 4, rounded, obsoletely spirally striated; aperture nearly circular, with a slightly thickened and somewhat reflected peritreme, rather acumi- nated posteriorly. Umbilicus very large, spirally coloured with chestnut lines. In Mr. Cuming’s collection. 66. C. mMucRonaTuo. ( pl. xxv. f. 91. ) nod. T. suborbiculari, depressa, pallescente fusca, tenui, spira brevi, mucronata; anfractibus quatuor, rapidé crescentibus, rotundatis, tenerrimé transversim striatis; sutura valida; apertura circulari; peritremate duplici, externo lato subre- flexo; interno angusto, lineari; umbilico lato; operculo multispirali, sutura anfractuum lamellosé, margine canali- culato, intus nitido. Shell suborbicular, depressed, of a pale brown colour, thin, with a very short mucronated spire, volutions 4, rounded, increasing rapidly, very finely transversely striated ; suture deep; aperture circular, with a double peritreme, external peritreme broad, reflected, internal narrow, linear ; umbilicus broad, operculum multi-spiral, the suture of its volutions lamellose; its border channelled, and inside smooth and shining. Found by Mr. Cuming, under decayed leaves, at Calauang in Lucon. 67. C. sussTRIATUM. (pl. xxv. f. 95.) nod. T. suborbiculari, depress4, crassiuscula, leviuscula, fusces- cente; spira brevissima, submucronata; anfractibus quatuor, rotundatis, posticé transversim striatis, striis ex sutura pro- funda radiantibus, anticé levibus; apertura circulari, peritre- mate subincrassato, subreflexo: umbilico lato, operculo multi-spirali, latere canaliculato, intus nitido. Shell nearly orbicular, depressed, thickish, and rather smooth; of a brownish colour; spire very short, slightly mucronated, volutions 4, rounded, posteriorly transversely striated, striz radiating from the deep suture; smooth ante- riorly ; aperture circular, peritreme somewhat thickened and reflected; umbilicus broad; operculum multi-spiral, with a channelled border and shining inside. Found in the earth, under decayed leaves, in the Island of Siquijor, by H. Cuming. 114 68. C. DISTOMELLA. (pl. xxv. f. 94.) nob. T. suborbiculari, depressiuscula, levi, albicante, fascia fusca infra mediam anfractis ultimi; spira subprominula, nigricante, anfractibus 5, rotundatis, levigatis, sutura pro- fundé impressa; apertura circulari, peritremate duplici, in- terno simplici, continuo, externo tenui, extus sub-variciformi, superné seu posticé interrupto. This is a very remarkable species of a nearly orbicu- lar, rather depressed shape, smooth, whitish or dull brown with a dark brown band below the centre of the last volution: spire rather prominent, blackish, consisting of five rounded smooth volutions, with a distinct, deeply impressed suture; aperture circular, with a double peritreme, the inner of which is simple and continuous, and the outer thin, some- what inflated and variciform externally ; and interrupted at the upper or posterior part close to the last volution. 69. C. CARINIFERUM. (pl. xxv. f. 98.) nob. T. orbiculari, subdepressa, fulvescente-fusca, cingulo saturatiori; anfractibus 5 rotundatis, spiraliter striatis et cariniferis, carinis 8—10 acutis, superioribus majoribus ; apertura magna, orbiculari, peritremate reflexo, posticé supra anfractum ultimum paululum extenso; umbilico maximo, spiraliter striato; sutura distincta. Shell orbicular, depressed, yellowish brown with a belt of a darker colour; volutions five, rounded, with numerous spiral striz and from eight to ten sharp keels, of which the upper are the larger; aperture large, orbicular, with a reflected peritreme, which is slightly extended over the last volution at the upper or posterior part; of a dark brown colour within: umbilicus very large, spirally striated within ; suture distinct. 70. C. Luzonicum. (pl. xxvii. f. 136. 137.) nob. Zool. Proc. June, 1842. T. suborbiculari, albida, fusco-varia, spira depressiuscula. obtusa; anfractibus 4—5, rotundatis, concinné spiralitér Striatis, fascia albida infra-suturali fusco-articulata; sutura profunda; apertura circulari; peritremate crasso, reflexo ; umbilico maximo. Shell nearly orbicular, whitish, varied with brown, spire somewhat depressed, obtuse ; volutions from 4 to 5, rounded, with close set spiral striae, and a whitish band articulated with brown immediately below the suture, which is strongly marked and deeply placed; aperture circular; peritreme 115 thick, reflected; umbilicus very large. _ First brought from Lugon by J. K, Smith, Esq. Mr. Cuming has collected numerous varieties, generally under decayed leaves, in Mas- bate and Lucon, &c. 71. C, CANALIFERUM. (pl. xxvii. f, 140. 141. 142.) nod. Zool. Proc. June, 1842, p. 81. C. Gironnieri, Soul. in Rev. Zool. April, 1842? T. orbiculari, subdepressa, crassiuscula, albicante, brunneo- marmorata; spira depressa, obtusa; anfractibus quatuor, rotundatis, spiraliter striatis et superné cariniferis, prope suturam brunneo albidoque articulatis et cingulo centrali brunneo ornatis: sutura canaliculata, margine canalis eleva- to; apertura circulari, peritremate incrassato, reflexo, versus umbilicum patulum lamelloso-patente ; operculum corneum, anfractuum margine lamellari levatiusculo. Shell orbicular, rather depressed, thickish, whitish, mar- bled with brown; spire depressed, obtuse ; volutions 4, rounded, spirally striated and carinated posteriorly, articula- ted with brown and white close tothe suture, and with a central brown band: suture canaliculated, margin of the canal elevated: aperture circular, peritreme thickened, reflec- ted, spreading in a lamellar form and partly covering the wide internally spirally striated umbilicus ; operculum horny, the edge of its volutions lamellar and raised. _ Islands of Lucon and Burias, H. Cuming. 72.C. CUVIERIANUM. (pl. xxx.f. 218.219.) Petit. Rev. Zool. T. suborbiculari, subdepressa, tenuiuscula, striata, bicari- nata, fulvo-rufescente, spira subdepressa, anfractibus 4, rapidé crescentibus, rotundatis, posticé, concinné spiralitér striatis, carinis duabus, validis, anticé striis gradatim majusculis ornatis ; sutura oblita; apertura magna, feré circulari, posticé paululum acuminata, peritremate lato, foliaceo, reflexo, expanso ; umbilico magno, spiraliter striato. Shell suborbicular, somewhat depressed, rather thin, spi- rally striated, reddish brown; spire slightly depressed, with 4 volutions, increasing rapidly, rounded, and spirally striated posteriorly, with two prominent keels, and furnished in front with gradually increasing striz; suture indistinct; aperture large, nearly circular, a little acuminated posteriorly and with a broad, foliaceous, reflected, spreading peritreme; umbilicus large, spirally striated. Lately received from Madagascar, 73. C. OcuLus-Capri. (pl. xxv. f. 96.) Helix Oculus-Ca- pri, Wood. Ind. Test. t. 32, f. 7. C. Volyulus, Lam. vi. 2, p: 143. C, Rafflesii, Sow. Zool. Journ. 116 4 T. orbiculari, albicante, castaneo-variegaté et fasciata ; spira depressiuscula, apice obtuso; anfractibus 4—5, ventri- cosis, superné spiraliter striatis (striis distantibus, interstitiis obsolete striatis) ultimo maximo, omnibus propé suturam de- pressis; apertura circulari, peritremate flavicante, simplici, incrassato, reflexo, superné subangulato; umbilico magno et regione umbilicali albicantibus, spiraliter striatis. Shell orbicular, nearly white, varied and banded with chest- nut colour, spire rather depressed, with an obtuse apex: volutions from four to five, ventricose, spirally striated at the upper part, the strize distant, the interstices obsoletely striated, the first volution obliquely striated, the last very large, all de- pressed near the suture : aperture circular, peritreme yellowish, simple, thickened, reflected, slightly angular at the upper part: the large umbilicus and the umbilical region whitish, spirally striated. This is the largest species I know: it varies, however, very much in size, from one inch and a half in width to two inches and a half: the largest specimen was brought from Sumatra by the late Sir T. Stamford Raffles. It is one of several which Lamarck has confounded under the name of C. Volvulus. Java. 74. C, Perivertanum. (pl. xxv. f. 100, 101.) Gray in Wood’s Supp. to Index Testac. t. 6. f. 2. T. subglobosa, spira depressiuscula; anfractibus 5 ven- tricosis, brunneis, mediané fusco-fasciatis, superné suban- gulatis, albido-articulatis; suturaé marginata; apertura cir- culari, intus alba, peritremate reflexo, brunneo, superné in canalem decurrente; umbilico magno, margine angulato; operculo spirali, crasso, corneo. Shell subglobose, with a somewhat depressed obtuse spire ; volutions five, ventricose, of a dark brown colour, with a fuscous medial band, their upper edges slightly angular, varied with whitish; suture distinct, with a raised border ; aperture circular, white within, its peritreme reflected, brown, and its upper edge produced in the form of a pointed canal running upon the latter volution; umbilicus large with an angular margin; operculum spiral, thick and horny. 75. C. TuRBo. (pl. xxv. f. 102, 103) Trochus Turbo, Chemn. ix. p. 53. t. 122, f. 1059. T. subglobosa, spira conoidali, anfractibus 5, planulatis pallidis, brunneo-variegatis; suturd inconspicua; apertura feré cireulari, latere columellari subangulato; columella rectiuscula, sub-obliqua ; peritremate reflexo, rotundato, 117 posticé marginato, infra in angulum desinente; umbilico clauso, calloso; operculo corneo, tenui, spirali. Shell somewhat globose, with a conoidal spire, and five volutions, whose surfaces are flattened, of a pale colour, varied with brown; suture inconspicuous; aperture nearly circular, its columellar side somewhat angular; columella nearly straight, rather oblique; peritreme reflected, rounded edged, bordered behind, and forming an angle at the lower part ; umbilicus closed with a callous covering; operculum spiral, horny, thin. Sumatra. 76. C. crrrinum, (pl. xxv. f. 104.) nod. T. subglobosa, spira conoidali, anfractibus 5, ventri- cosis, pallidé aurantiacis, superné spiraliter striatis, infra levi- gatis: sutura distincta; apertura circulari, peritremate valde reflexo, rotundato, albo; umbilico. magno, spiraliter sulcato. Shell subglobose, with a conoidal spire; volutions five, ventricose, pale orange coloured, spirally striated on their upper parts, and smooth below; suture distinct; aperture circular, peritreme very much reflected, rounded, white ; umbilicus large, spirally grooved. 77. C. canDiIDUM. (pl.xxvi, f. 107.) nod. T. subglobosa, spira obtusa; anfractibus 5, rotundatis, spiralitér sulcatis, candidis; apertura subcirculari, superné acuminata: peritremate incrassato, superné subsinuoso: infra externé crasso, reflexo; margine interno calloso, supra umbilicum magnum partim extenso. Var. callo umbilicali minore, reflexo. Shell nearly globular, with an obtuse spire, consisting of five rounded, spirally grooved, white volutions: aperture nearly circular, acuminated at the upper part: peritreme thickened, rather sinuous at the upper part, outer edge thick and reflected at the lower part, the inner edge callous, and partly extended over the large umbilicus. There is a variety in which the umbilical callus is much smaller and reflected. Sometimes the lower part of the upper volutions is of a rusty brown colour. 78. C. NaTico1pE. (pl. xxvi. f, 108. 109.) Reclus Rev. Zool. 1843. p. 3. T. subglobosa, crassa, albicante, interdum pallidé fulves- cente, leevigata, lineis levatiusculis striisque transversalibus irregulariter clathrata ; spira brevi; obtusa, anfractibus quinis, rotundatis, posticé tenerrimé striatis, et concinné decussatis ; ultimo maximo ventricoso ; sutura distincta, tenui; apertura P 118 subcirculari, posticé subacuminata, intus aurantiaca; peristo- mate albo, crasso, subreflexo, latere umbilicali incrassato, lato, extenso, umbilicum majusculum plerumque claudente : operculo elliptico, posticé angulifero, anfractibus tribus, extts striatis, intus leevibus. Shell subglobose, thick, whitish, sometimes light brownish yellow, smooth, irregularly clathrated by elevated lines and transverse striz; spire short, obtuse, with 5 rounded volu- tions, which are very finely spirally striated posteriorly and delicately decussated, the last being very large and ventri- cose ; suture distinct, but slender; aperture nearly circular, rather acuminated posteriorly, of an orange colour within and with a white, thick, very slightly reflected peritreme, which is thickened and expanded in the inner side, so as generally to cover the rather large umbilicus; operculum elliptical, acuminated posteriorly, of three volutions, slightly convex and striated externally, smooth and rather concave within. From the Island of Socotra. 79. C. ALBICANS. (pl. xxvi. f. 110, 111, 112.) nod. T. subglobosé, spiré obtusa, anfractibus 5, rotundatis, superne spiralitér sulcatis, infra levissimis, albicantibus ; apertura subcirculari, superné subacuminata; peritremate incrassato, superné subsinuoso, infra externé crasso, reflexo ; margine interno angulifero ; umbilico magno. Shell nearly globular, with an obtuse spire, consisting of five rounded volutions, spirally grooved on the upper part, very smooth below, and whitish; aperture nearly circular, rather acuminatad above, peritreme thickened, somewhat sinuous above, the lower part of the outer edge thickened and reflected, inner edge with an angle on the side of the umbili- cus, which is large, and smooth within. 80. C. CALCAREUM. (pl. xxvi. f 113.) nob. C. sulcata, Lam. T. globoso-conica, spird acuminata, alba: anfractibus 5, ventricosis, spiraliter sulcatis: suturd distincta: apertura circulari, peritremate simplici, reflexo: umbilico mediocri, intus spiraliter sulcato. Shell of a globoso-conical form, with an acuminated spire, white, with five ventricose, spirally grooved volutions : suture distinct: aperture circular: peritreme simple, reflected : um- bilicus middle-sized, spirally grooved within. There is no doubt of this being the C. sulcata of Lam. inasmuch as it accords perfectly with his description, but it must not be confounded with the C. sulcatum of Olivier. Lamarck speaks of it as a very rare species. 119 81. C. uNIFASCIATUM. (pl. xxvi. f. 105. 106.) nod. T. subglobosa, spira acuminata, decollaté, anfractibus quatuor, rotundatis, leevigatis, obsoleté spiralitér striatis, albi- cantibus, ultimo fascia basali fusca unica; sutura distincta; apertura circulari, intus aurantiaca, peritremate albo, reflexo, superné sinuato, propé umbilicum calloso; umbilico minori, spiralitér sulcato. Shell subglobose, with an acuminated but decollated spire, consisting of 4 rounded, smooth volutions, with faint spiral strie; volutions whitish, the last with a single fuscous band near the base; suture distinct; aperture circular, orange coloured within, peritreme white, reflected, sinuated above, thickened on the side of the umbilicus, which is small and spirally grooved. Madegascar. 82. C. invoLtvuuus. (pl. xxvi. f. 114 to 116.) nod. C. Volvulus. Lam. Anim. sans vert. vi. Turbo Volvulus, Chemn. ix. f. 1066. T. globoso-conica, pallida, brunneo-variegata et fasciata, spira depressiuscula, obtus4 ; anfractibus 5 rotundatis, superné spiraliter sulcatis, infra levibus; sutura distincta; apertura circulari, superné subangulata ; peritremate simplici; reflexo, etate subcontinuo, antiquato; umbilico mediocri, intus levi. Shell of a globosely conical form, with a rather depressed obtuse spire, consisting of 5 rounded volutions, spirally grooved onthe upper part, and smooth below; suture dis- tinct; aperture circular, rather angular at the upper part ; peritreme simple, reflected, becoming somewhat continuous and antiquated by age; umbilicus middle-sized, smooth within ; colour pale, varied on the upper part, and banded on the lower, with chestnut. This is one of several species which are confounded by Lamarck under the name of C. Volvulus ; it is common in Jndia. 83. C. CARINATUM. (pl. xxvi. f. 117. 118.)Lam. Anim. sans vert. vi, 2. p. 143. T. globoso-conoidea, brunnea, spira acuminata, plerumque decollaté ; anfractibus 4—5, ventricosis, spiraliter carinatis, carinis plurimis, confertiusculis ; apertura circulari, superné subacuminata, peritremate albo, incrassato, subreflexo, callo umbilicali conspicuo; umbilico parvo, margine carina super- eminente, intus carinato. Shell globosely conical, of a brown colour, with an acumi- nated, generally decollated spire ; volutions 4—5, with nume- 120 rous close set, spiral ridges ; aperture circular, rather angular at the upper part; peritreme white, thickened, somewhat reflected, forming a distinct callosity, partly covering the um- bilicus, which is small, with a prominent keel forming its edge and several ridges within. I have a variety with an orange coloured peritreme. 84, C. UNICARINATUM. (pl. xxvi. f. 119, 120. Lam. Anim. sans vert. vi. 2. p. 144. Encycl. Meth. t. 461. f. l.a. b. T. globoso-conica, pallida, spiraliter fusco-fasciata, spira acuminata; anfractibus 4—6, rotundatis, levibus, medio ultimi carina alba solitaria ; apertura circulari, superné sub- angulata; peritremate albo, incrassato, revoluto; umbilico mediocri, spiraliter sulcato. Shell globosely conical, of a pale colour, with dark brown spiral bands, spire acuminated; volutions from four to six, rounded, smooth, the last having a single white keel; aperture circular, slightly angular at the upper part; peritreme white, thickened, revolute; umbilicus of middling size, spirally grooved. Madegascar. 85. C. BICARINATUM. (pl. xxvi. f. 121.) nob. T. globoso-conicaé, subfusca, spiré acuminata, decollata, anfractibus 4—6, rotundatis, spiraliter obsoleté striatis, carinis duabis albis, altera mediana, altera postica ; apertura circulari; peritremate fulvo, reflexo, patente, callum supra umbilicum mediocre, spiraliter sulcato, efformante. Shell globosely conical, of a brownish colour, with an acu- minated decollated spire ; volutions from four to six, rounded, obsoletely spirally striated, with two white keels, the one central, the other above ; aperture circular, peritreme fulvous, reflected, spreading, not revolute, forming a callosity over the middle-sized umbilicus, which is spirally striated within. Distinguished from the last not only by its having two keels, but also by its peritreme being spreading and not revolute. Madegascar. 86. C. TRICARINATUM. (pl. xxvi. f. 122.) Lam. Anim. sans. vert. vi. 2. p. 144. Chemn. xi. f. 1103, 1104. T. globoso-conica, pallidé fulva, spira acuminatiuscula ; anfractibus 4—6, ventricosis, marginibus superioribus, sub- undulatis, carinis duabis ad quatuor acutis ; apertura circulari, peritremate reflexo, superné acuminato; umbilico magno, ints carinato, margine carina supereminente. Shell globosely conical, of a pale fulvous colour, with a 121 rather acuminated, and generally decollated spire, volutions from four to six, ventricose, their upper margins rather undu- lated, with from two to four sharp keels; aperture circular ; peritreme reflected, acummated at the upper part ; umbilicus large, carinated within, and its margin consisting of a promi- nent keel. India. 87. C. Rucosum. (pl. xxvi. f. 123.) Lam. Anim. s. vert. vi. 2. p. 145. T. globoso-conica, albida, spira brevi, depressiuscula, apice acuminatiusculo; anfractibus quinque, superné exquisité de- cussatim striatis, infra levibus; apertura circulari; peritre- mate revoluto, latere umbilicali tenui, expanso; umbilico magno, intts levi. Shell globosely conoidal, whitish, with a short, rather depressed spire, whose apex is rather acuminated ; volutions five, with delicately decussated strize on the upper part, and smooth on the lower; aperture circular, and peritreme revo- lute, its umbilical side thin and partly spread over the umbi- licus, which is large and smooth within. Trinidad. 88. C. oBsoLETuUM. (pl. xxvi. f. 124. 125.) Lam. Anim. s. vert. vi. 2. p. 144. C. Madagaseariense Gray in Griff. Cuvier. T. globoso-conoidali, alba, fusco-fasciata, spira subacumi- nata, anfractibus rotundatis, levibus, ultimo ventricoso ; apertura circulari; peritremate albo, reflexo, subrevoluto, su- perné subacuminato; umbilico magno, spiraliter sulcato. Shell globosely conoidal, white with fuscous bands; spire rather acuminated; volutions rounded, smooth, the last ven- tricose ; aperture circular; peritreme white, reflected, some- what revolute, and acuminated at the upper part; umbilicus large, spirally grooved. 89. C. votvu us. (pl. xxvi. f. 126) Lam. Anim. s. vert. vi. p.145. Encycl. Meth. t. 461. f. 5.a.b. Helix Volvulus, Miller, Vermium, p. 82, no. 280. T. globoso-conica, apice obtusiusculo; anfractibus quinque, rotundatis, pallidis, fusco-variegatis, levibus ; suturadistincta, margine inferiore levato; apertura circulari, superné subcana- lifera, peritremate albo, incrassato, reflexo; umbilico medio- cri, margine obtusé carinato, intts levi; opereulo corneo, tenul, spirali. Shell globosely conical, with a rather obtuse apex ; volu- tions 5, rounded, pale coloured varied with dark brown, smooth, suture distinct, its lower edge prominent; aperture 122 circular, its upper part slightly canaliferous; peritreme white, thickened, reflected ; umbilicus middle-sized, its mar- gin obtusely keeled, smooth within; operculum horny, thin, spiral. Lamarck has confounded several species under the name of C. Volvulus, but this appears to be the one to which that name was first applied. Chemnitz has given two species under the name of Turbo Volvulus, but the present appears to be the only one to which no other name has been given. Found at Pulo-Condore according to M.S. in the Banksian Collection. 90. C. pErprix. (pl. xxvu, f. 127. 128.) nod. Zool. Journ. iv. T. suborbiculari, albidaé, fusco-varid, spira subdepresso- conicé, subacuminata; anfractibus 4—5, primis carinatis, ul- timo carina obsoleta, fascia suturali pallida, fusco-articulata ; sutura subobsoleta; apertura circulari; peritremate expanso, subrevoluto ; umbilico magno. Shell nearly orbicular, whitish, varied with fuscous; spire rather depressed conical, rather acuminated with from 4—5 volutions, the first of which are keeled, and the last with the keel obsolete, anda pale band, articulated with fuscous im- mediatelely below the suture, which is rather indistinct ; aperture circular; peritreme spreading, almost revolute; um- bilicus large. A variety occurs with more ventricose and less strongly keeled volutions, a more elevated spire, and a white, thickened, revolute peritreme. Another variety has ventricose volutions, and an orange coloured peritreme. The young shells have an angular aperture, 91. C. rusa. (pl. xxvii. f. 129. 130.) vide Zool. Proc: June, 1842, p. 83. T. suborbiculari, depressiuscula; tenui, levi, albicante, rufescente-fusco variegata et nubeculata; spira brevi, subde- pressa, acuminata; anfractibus quinis, planiusculis, primis carinatis, ultimo maximo, rotundato; apertura maxima, circu- lari, expansa, albicante, peritremate albicante, tenui, lato, revo- luto, supra anfractum ultimum interrupto; umbilico magno. Shell suborbicular, rather depressed, thin, smooth, whitish, varied and clouded with reddish brown; spire short, rather flattened, acuminated at the apex; volutions 5, flattish, the posterior carinated, the last very large, and rounded ; aperture very large, circular, expanded, whitish: peritreme whitish, thin, broad, revolute, interrupted over the last volution: um- bilicus large. 123 found under deayed leaves near Mount Ophir, in Malacca, 1. Cuming. 92. C. aquiLu. (pl. xxvii. f. 131.) nod. T. suborbiculari, subdepressa, tenuiuscula, levi, fulvescente fusca, nonnunquam cingulo pallescente mediano ; spira breyi, acuminatiuscula, anfractibus quinis subplanulatis, primis pau- lulum carinatis, ultimo maximo, rotundato ; apertura circulari, expansa, albicante vel fulvescente, peritremate subincrassato, reflexo, supra anfractum ultimum interrupto, ad latere umbili- cali subsinuato; umbilico magno. Shell nearly orbicular, rather depressed and thinish, smooth, of a yellowish brown, sometimes with a paler circum- ferential band; spire short, rather acuminated, of 5 rather flattened volutions, the first of which are slightly carinated, the last very large and rounded ; aperture circular, expanded, whitish or fulvous, peritreme slightly thickened and revolute, interrupted by the last volution and somewhat sinuated on the umbilical side; umbilicus large. Found under decayed leaves in the Woods at Singapore, H. Cuming. 93. C. vaALipum. (pl. xxvii. f. 132. 133.) nod. T. orbiculari, crassiuscula, pallida, brunneo-variegata, spira levatiuscula, anfractibus quinque rotundatis spiraliter striatis et nonnunquam obtusé quatuor ad quingue carinatis; sutura distincta ; apertura circulari, peritremate incrassato, reflexo, umbilicum versus patente; umbilico mediocri; operculo corneo, tenuiusculo, margine anfractuum lamellari. Shell orbicular, rather thick, of a pale colour varied with brown ; spire rather elevated, of 5 rounded, spirally striated, sometimes obtusely 4 or 5 keeled volutions; suture distinct ; aperture circular, with a thickened, reflected peritreme some- what spread on the umbilical side, so as partly to cover it; umbilicus moderate; operculum horny, rather thin, the edge of its volutions lamellar, Several varieties were found in Samar and Leyte, among the Philippine Islands, by Mr. Cuming, generally under decayed leaves, 94, C. rRRoRATUM. (pl. xxvil. f. 134. 135.) nob. T. subgloboso-conica, tenui, levi, pallescente, fusco-irrorata, plerumque cingulo mediano nigricante; spira elevatiuscula, apice nigricante, obtuso ; anfractibus quinis, ventricosis, pri- mum subcarinatis, deinde rotundatis ; sutura tenui; apertura feré circulari, posticé obsoleté subacuminata, anfractu ultimo tenuitér modificata, peritremate crassiusculo, rotundato- reflexo; umbilico mediocri. 124 Shell globosely conical, thin, smooth, of a pale colour vari- ously speckled with brown, and generally having a blackish circumferential band; spire rather elevated, its apex dark coloured and obtuse ; volutions 5, ventricose, at first slightly carinated, afterwards rounded; suture slender; aperture nearly circular, very slightly acuminated posteriorly, a little modified by the last volution; peritreme thickish, rounded, reflected ; umbilicus moderate. China, common. 95. C. ACUTIMARGINATUM. (pl. xxvil. f. 138. 139.) nod. Zool. Proc. _'T. suborbiculari, conica, tenui, levi, subpellucida, badia, albido-marmorata; spira subacuminata, submamillari, anfrac- tibus quatuor, rapidé crescentibus, superné infraque rotundatis, margine carinato, acuto, propé suturam marginemque coloribus alternatis; apertura magna, orbiculari, peritremate reflexo, albo, incrassato, propé ultimum anfractum subinterrupto, su- perné productiore, minimé reflexo; umbilico mediocri, pro. fundo ; operculo corneo, multispirali. Shell nearly orbicular, conical, rather depressed, thin, smooth, somewhat pellucid, of a brownish colour, marbled with white; spire rather acuminated, slightly papillary ; volu- tions 4, increasing rapidly, rounded both above and below, with a sharp keeled edge, with the colours alternating at the suture and at the margin; aperture large, with a reflected, white, and thickened peritreme rather interrupted by the last volution, and rather more produced above, but not reflected ; umbilicus moderate, deep; operculum horny, multispiral. On palm leaves at Catbalonga, I. of Samar, Mr. Cuming. 96. C. sEMISULCATUM., (pl. xxv. f. 99.) nob. T. suborbiculari, depressiuscula, tenuiuscula, albicante, fascia angusta mediana fusco-nigricante, posticé plerumque brunneo-variegata; spira brevi, anfractibus quinque, posticé spiraliter sulcatis, sulcis distantibus, anticé leviter striatis, vel levibus; sutura distincté; apertura fere circulari, peri- tremate incrassato, subreflexo, posticé angulifero ; umbilico lato, intus spiraliter stridto; operculo corneo, crassiusculo, extus sublamelloso, intus levi. Shell nearly orbicular, flattish, rather thin, whitish, with a narrow dark brown circumferential band, and _ posteriorly generally variegated with brown; spire very short, volutions five, posteriorly spirally grooved with distant grooves, an- teriorly smoothly striated or smooth; suture distinct; aper- ture nearly circular, peritreme thickened, somewhat reflected, with a posterior angle next to the last volution ; umbilicus 125 broad, spirally striated within; operculum horny, thickish, externally somewhat lamellar, internally smooth and shining. 97. C. Desmovuuinsi. (pl. xxv. f.97.) Grat. T. suborbiculari, depressiusculd, tenuiuscula, pallescente, strigis plurimis irregularibus fuscis spiraliter picta, spira brevi, anfractibus 44, rotundatis, leviter spiraliter striatis, rapide crescentibus, ultimo maximo; sutura tenui, angusta; apertura feré circulari, posticé subangulata; peritremate angusto, reflexo, prope ultimum anfractum subexpanso; umbilico magno. Shell nearly orbicular, rather depressed, thinnish, of a pale colour, marked with numerous irregular brown spiral streaks, spire short, volutions 43, rounded, smooth, finely spirally striated, increasing rapidly, the last being much larger than the former; suture rather indistinct; aperture almost circular, rather angular posteriorly ; peritreme narrow, reflected, a little spread over the last volution; umbilicus large. In several collections, locality unknown. 98. C. LINGUIFERUM. (pl. xxix. f. 198.) nod. T. suborbiculari, subconica, crassa, pallescente, maculis saturate brunneis angulatim variegaté; spira subacuminata, submamillari, anfractibus quatuor, rotundatis, levibus, spiral- iter obsoleté striatis ; apertura magna, orbiculari, peritremate incrassato, subreflexo, labio interno linguam latam efformante, umbilicum partim tegente. Shell nearly orbicular and globosely conical, thick, of a pale colour, angularly varied with dark brown, spire some- what acuminated, slightly mamillary, with four rounded, smooth, obsoletely spirally striated volutions ; aperture large, orbicular, peritreme thickened, slightly reflected, columellar lip forming a broad tongue-shaped process, which partly covers the umbilicus. Found under decayed leaves in the Island of Bohol, by Mr. Cuming. 99. C. PuiniprpinaRum. (pl. xxix. f. 205, 206, 207.) nob. Zool. Proc. 1842, p. 83. T. globoso-conica, pallida, fusco-marmorata; spira sub- acuminata, anfractibus 5 subrotundatis, superné longitudi- naliter sulcatis, ultimo infra levigato; apertura subrotunda, peritremate obtuso, reflexo, superné producto, latere umbilici subsinuato; umbilico parvo ; operculo tenui, corneo, levi. Shell globosely conical, of a pale colour, marbled with Q 126 brown ; spire rather acuminated, consisting of five somewhat rounded volutions, longitudinally grooved on the upper part, the last volution smooth beneath; aperture nearly round, peritreme obtuse, reflected, its upper edge produced, and the side towards the umbilicus rather sinuous: umbilicus small. First brought by Mr. Smith from Lucgon. Mr. Cuming has collected many varieties, generally under decayed leaves, though sometimes on leaves of trees and bushes, on several of the Philippine Islands. 100. C. rIGRINUM. (pl. xxix. f. 201, 202, 203, 204.) nod. T. suborbiculari, subconica, crassiuscula, leviuscula, palles- cente, strigis irregularibus, transversis,saturaté brunneis picta ; spira subacuminata, apice obtusiusculo, anfractibus quinque, raptim crescentibus, rotundatis, plerumque carinis tribus vel quatuor subobsoletis; apertura magna, orbiculari, posticé subemarginata, peritremate reflexo, albo, incrassato, prope ultimum anfractum subinterrupto; labio columellari sub- extenso, umbilicum mediocre partim tegente; sutura dis- tincta; operculo tenui, corneo, multispirali, marginibus anfractuum lamellosis. Shell suborbicular, subconical, thickish, rather smooth, of a light brown, with irregular transverse stripes of dark brown: spire slightly acuminated, rather obtuse at the apex ; volutions five, increasing rapidly, rounded, with 3 or 4 rather obsolete keels ; aperture large, circular, slightly emarginated posteriorly, with a thickened, reflected, white peritreme, slightly interrupted at the last volution ; columellar lip rather spread, partly covering the middle-sized umbilicus; suture distinct ; operculum thin, horny, multispiral, with the edges of its volutions lamellar. Many varieties of this species were brought by Mr. Cuming from the Philippine Islands, see Zool. Proc. 1842. 101. C. LiIncuLATUM. (pl. xxix. f. 208, 209, 210.) nob. T. suborbiculari, subdepresso-conoidea, tenuiuscula, levi- gata, pallida, fusco varié maculata, vel radiatim strigata ; spira brevi, subacuminata, apice obtusiusculo, sutura subin- conspicua ; anfractibus 43, ventricosiusculis, plerumque acutimarginatis, nonnunquam margine ultimi rotundato ; apertura circulari, peritremate pallido, plerumque duplici, interno lineari, externo latiori, reflexo, supra umbilicum plus minusve laté extenso; umbilico mediocri; operculo corneo, tenul, multispirali. Shell suborbicular, rather depressedly conoidal, thinnish, 127 smooth, of a pale colour, variously mottled and _ radiately striped with brown; spire short, slightly acuminated and rather obtuse ; suture not very distinct; volutions 43, rather ventri- cose, generally with a sharply keeled edge, but sometimes having the edge of the last volution rounded; aperture cir- cular, with a whitish, generally double, peritreme, inner peritreme linear, outer broader, reflected, more or less broadly extended over the umbilicus; umbilicus moderate; oper- culum horny, thin, multispiral. Many varieties of this elegant species were brought by Mr. Cuming, from the Islands of Siquijod, Zebu, and Bohol. 102. C. crnratum. (pl. xxx. f. 237, 238.) nod. T. suborbiculari, conoidea, tenuiuscula, levigata, fulves- cente, fusco-radiatim strigaté; spira brevi, submucronata, apice acuminatiusculo; anfractibus quinque subrotundatis, ultimo magno, margine carinato, (carina epidermide ciliata ;) apertura circulari, peritremate reflexo, posticé emarginato ; umbilico magno; operculo tenui, corneo, multispirali. Shell suborbicular, conoidal, thin, smooth, pale yellowish brown, with irregular radiating brown stripes; spire short, with a rather acuminated apex, and five slightly rounded volutions, of which the last is large and keeled at its edge, where the epidermis forms a fringe of hairs; aperture cir- cular, peritreme reflected, forming a very small notch at the upper or posterior extremity; umbilicus large; operculum thin, horny, multispiral. Found under stones at South Camarinas, Lugon, by Mr. Cuming. 103. C. HELICOIDE. (pl. xxx. f. 245, 246.) nod. T. suborbiculari, conoidali, crassiuscula, spiraliter striata, fulvescente, fusco-radiatim strigata ; spira brevi, acuminati- uscula, anfractibus 5 ad 6, rotundatis, anticé levibus, posticé spiraliter striatis, obsoleté 4 ad 5 carinatis, carinis duabus posticis, epidermide ciliatis; apertura circulari, peritremate duplici, albicante, postice emarginato, interno tenui, levatius- culo, externo angusto, reflexo; umbilico majusculo: operculo tenui, corneo, multispirali. Shell suborbicular, conoidal, rather thick, spirally striated, yellowish brown, with radiating dark brown stripes; spire short, rather acuminated, with 5 to 6 rounded volutions, smooth anteriorly; spirally striated posteriorly, and with four orfive obsolete keels, of which the two posteriorare ciliated with 128 epidermis; aperture circular, peritreme double, whitish, forming a very small notch at the upper or posterior extremity ; umbilicus rather large ; operculum thin, horny, multispiral. Found under decayed leaves in the Island of Bohol, by Mr. Cuming. 104. C. cLausuo. (pl. xxxi. f. 266, 267.) nod. ae subglobosa, crassiuscula, levi, albicante, posticé fulves- cente, spira brevi, subdepressa, apice obtuso ; anfractibus 34, subrotundatis, postice spiraliter strlatis ; apertura subcirculari, posticé subacuminato, peritremate tenul, subreflexo, latere umbilicali crassiusculo, rotundato, umbilicum claudente. Shell subglobose, thickish, smooth, whitish, rather fulvous at the obtuse apex of the rather depressed, short spire ; volutions 34, somewhat rounded, spirally striated posteriorly ; aperture nearly circular, rather acuminated behind, with a thin, slightly reflected peritreme, thickish and rounded toward the umbilicus, which is covered by it. From Yemen, Arabia, Mr. Powis. 105. C. ATRAMENTARIUM. (pl. xxx. f. 236.) T. orbiculato- -pyramidal, crassiuscula, laevigata, purpureo- nigricante, nonnunquam fusco-maculata ; spira mediocri,coni- cay ; obtush, anfractibus quinque ad sex, rotundatis, tenerrime transversim striatis ; sutura distincta; apertura circuleri, margine labi duplicato, peritremate reflexo, latiusculo, umbilicum versus angulato ; umbilico mediocri. Shell nearly orbicular, pyramidal, thickish, smooth, of a purplish black colour, sometimes paler and variously spotted with brown; spire of moderate length, conical, obtuse at the apex, and consisting of from five to six rounded volutions, which are very finely transversely striated, and separated by a distinct suture; aperture circular, margin of the lip double, peritreme reflected, rather broad, and angular towards the umbilicus, which is of moderate size. 106. C. Harveyanum. (pl. xxx. f. 250.) nob ‘. sub-globoso-conica, crassiuscula, spiraliter sulcata, fulyes- perk spire apice obtuso, anfractibus 44 rotundatis,'tenerrime transversim striatis, ultimo fascia fusca antemediana ; apertura circulari, peritremate albido, subincrassato, subreflexo, posticé paululum acuminato ; umbilico majusculo. Shell rather globosely conical, thickish, spirally grooved, otf a fulvous colour; volutions 43, rounded, very finely trans- versely striated, the last with a fuscous band in front of the 129 periphery; aperture circular, peritreme whitish, rather thickened, slightly refiected and a little acuminated posteri- orly; umbilicus rather large. Communicated by Lady Harvey. 107. C. cincrum. (pl. xxix. f. 199.) nod. Testa globoso-conoidali ; crassiuscula, pallida, fascia fusca unica infra-mediana; anfractibus 4—5 rotundatis, superné spiraliter sulcatis, infra laviusculis; sutura distincta; apertura circulari, intus fulva; peritremate subincrassato, subreflexo, latere umbilicali subexpanso, prope ultimim anfractum sinuato, tenuiori ; umbilico majori, intus spiraliter sulcato. Shell globosely conoidal, thickish, and of a pale colour, with a single fuscous band below the middle of the volutions; volutions from 4 to 5, rounded, spirally grooved on the upper part, smooth beneath; suture distinct; aperture circular, fulvous within; peritreme somewhat thickened and rather reflected, spreading out on the umbilical side, thin and sinuated at that part which lies next to the last volution; umbilicuslarge, spirally grooved within. ~ K. Indies. 108. C. rrrosroma. (pl. xxix. f. 200.) nod. T. subgloboso-conica, tenuiuscula, flavescente, aurantiaco pallide strigata, spira mediocri, apice obtusiusculo, anfractibus 5, rotundatis, posticé spiraliter striatis; suturd distincta; apertura feré circulari, peritremate aurantiaco, subincrassato, rotundato, subreflexo, posticé subacuminato, prope ultimum anfractum subinterrupto ; umbilico magno. Shell subglobosely conical, rather thin, yellowish, with stripes of pale orange colour ; spire of moderate length, rather obtuse at the apex; volutions five, rounded, spirally striated posteriorly, and smooth anteriorly, with a distinct suture: aperture nearly circular, with a slightly thickened, orange coloured, rounded, subreflected peritreme, slightly acuminated behind, and interrupted for a short distance next to the last volution ; umbilicus rather large. From Miss Saul’s collection, locality unknown. 109. C. PULCHELLUM. (pl. xxxi. f. 263, 264.) nod. T. tenui, subgloboso-conoidea, pallescente, tenuissimé spiraliter striata; anfractibus 5, ventricosissimis, fasciis 5—6 interruptis fuscis ; ultimo carina parva mediana ; aper- tura circulari, peritremate reflexo, aurantiaco; umbilico mediocri, intus spiraliter suleato ; sutura valida. Shell thin, of a conoidal nearly globose form, and of pale colour, smooth, very finely spirally striated; volutions five, very ventricose and rounded, with five or six much 130 interrupted brown bands; last volution with a small keel near the middle: aperture circular, with a reflected reddish orange peritreme: umbilicus of moderate dimensions, spirally vrooved within ; suture distinct. Locality unknown. The specimen from which our drawing and description were taken was obligingly communicated by M. Keraudren. 110. C. GoupoTtanum. (pl. xxix. f. 193.)—? T. subgloboso-conicé, tenui, levi, fulvaé, spira gradatim acuminata, apice obtuso, nigricante, anfractibus quinque, rotundatis, spiraliter tenerrimé striatis et rufo-nigricante quadrifasciatis, apertura circulari, peritremate tenul, extus lato, reflexo, latere umbilicali angusto, reflexo ; umbilico mediocri, spiraliter striato. Shell subglobosely conical, thin, smooth, yellow, spire gradually acuminated, with an obtuse blackish apex ; volutions 5, rounded, very finely spirally striated and with 4 reddish black bands ; aperture circular, peritreme thin, its outer edge broad and reflected, inner edge narrow and turned back ; tunbilicus of moderate size, spirally striated within. Found at Natal, by Dr. Krauss. 111. C. vireatum. (pl. xxix. f. 192.) nod. T. oblongo-pyramidali, tenuiuscula, pallescente, levi, spira acuminata, apice obtusa; anfractibus quinque, rotunda- tis, spiraliter castaneo fasciatis ; apertura cireulari, peritremate subreflexo, ad ultimum anfractum interrupto; umbilico parvo ; operculo testaceo, paucispirali, anfractibus transversim undato- striatis. Shell of an oblong pyramidal form, rather thin, smooth and of a pale brownish colour; spire regularly acuminated, with an obtuse apex; volutions 5, rounded, with chestnut coloured spiral bands ; aperture circular, with a slightly reflected peri- treme, a little interrupted at the last volution ; umbilicus sinall; operculum testaceous, with few volutions, which are transversely undato-striated. Locality unknown. 112 C. FLEXILABRUM. (pl. xxx. f. 258. 259.) nob. ‘T. globoso-conoidea, crassa, lievi, brunnescente; spira obtusa, anfractibus 43, subventricosis, ultimo rotundato, fasciis castaneis spiralibus ornato ; apertura feré circulari, peritremate incrassato, reflexo, posticé sinuato ; umbilico minimo, lineari, vel clauso. Shell globosely conoidal, thick, smooth, brownish; spire obtuse, volutions 44, rather yentricose, the last rounded and 131 ornamented with a chestnut spiral band; aperture nearly circular, with a thickened, reflected peritreme; sinuated posteriorly ; umbilicus very small and linear, or closed. Madegascar, communicated by Mr. Powis. 113. C. 1creRicum. (pl. xxxi. f. 268. 269.). nob. T. globoso-conica, crassiuscula, fulvescente, spira acumi- nata, apice decollato; anfractibus 4, rotundatis, spiraliter sulcatis; apertura circulari, peritremate incrassato, reflexo, supra umbilicum parvum crasso, extenso, umbilicum feré tegente, posticé subacuminato; sulcis spiralibus umbilici majoribus. Shell globosely conical, thickish, fulvous, with an acumi- nated spire, apex decollated; volutions 4, rounded, spirally grooved; aperture circular, peritreme thickened, refiected, thick and spread over the small umbilicus so as to cover it, and somewhat acuminated posteriorly ;_ spiral grooves of the umbilicus larger than the others. 114. C. meGacuHeEtuus. (pl. xxxi. f. 276.) nob. T. globoso-conica, crassiuscula, brunnescente, fascia anté mediam castanea ;spira breviuscula ; anfractibus 44, rotundatis, posticé lineis levatis spiralibus, albo-castaneoque articulatis, ultimo antice levi; apertura circulari, peritremate crasso, reflexo, rotundato, albicante ; umbilico mediocri. Shell globosely conical, thickish, brownish, with a chestnut band in front of the periphery; spire rather short, with 43 rounded volutions, posteriorly with raised white spiral lines with chestnut spots, the last smooth in front; aperture circular, peritreme thick, reflected, rounded, broad, whitish ; umbilicus of moderate size. 115. C. GuimaRasEnskE. (pl. xxxi. f. 274. 275.) nob. T. globoso-conica, tenui, brunnea, pallescente maculata, ad suturam articulata: spira acuminata, apice obtusiuscula ; anfractibus 5, ventricosis, posticé obsoleté 2 vel 3 carinatis ; apertura circulari, ampla, peritremate tenuiusculo, reflexo, albo: umbilico mediocri. Shell globosely conical, thin, brown, varied with paler, and with an articulated brown and whitish band at the suture; spire acuminated, with an obtuse apex; volutions 5, ventri- cose, posteriorly with 2 or 3 obsolete keels; aperture circular, large; peritreme rather thin, reflected, white; umbilicus middling. From the Island of Guimaras, H. Cuming. 116. C. LarinaBrum. (pl. xxxi. f. 281.) D’Ord. T. gleboso-conoidea, tenui, subhyalina, albidd; apice decollato; anfractibus 4, rotundatis, tenuissimé transversim 132 striatis; sutura profunda, apertura circulari; peritremate duplici, interno subreflexo; externo laté expanso; umbilico magno. Shell globosely conoidal, very thin, slightly hyaline, whitish ; apex truncated; volutions 4, rounded, and very delicately transversely striated, with a deep suture; aperture circular ; peritreme double, inner slightly reflected, outer widely spread, thin; umbilicus large. 117. C. putcurum. (pl. xxvii. f. 143. 144.) Gray, in Supp. to Wood’s Ind. Testac. T. suborbiculari, spira conoidali, apice mamillari (pleruamque decollato) anfractibus 3—5, ventricosis, rotundatis, spiraliter carinatis, et transversim striatis; sutura profunda; apertura circulari; peritremate duplici, interno tenui, elevatiusculo, externo lato, reflexo, undulato; umbilico magno, spiraliter carinato et transversim striato. Shell nearly orbicular, with a rather short conical spire, the apex of which is mamillated, it is, however, generally decolla- ted; volutions 3—5,(3 when decollated, 5 when complete) ventricose, rounded, with 8 or 10 spiral keels, and transversely striated ; suture deep: aperture circular, with a double peri- treme, the inner of which is thin and slightly elevated, the outer broad, reflected, and undulated, each undulation forms at the back the continuation of one of the spiral keels, and the beautiful fringe or ruffle formed by this undulated peritreme, is concentrically striated. The whole shell is of a fawn colour, with dark marks arranged in rows above and below the spiral keels; these keels are only distinct on the two last volutions. That side of the reflected peritreme which is towards the last volution, is spread over ita little. Jamaica. 118, C. FIMBRIATULUM. (pl. xxvii. f. 145, 146.) Sow. in Tank. Cat. App. p. vii. no. 1015. T. globoso-conoidea, albida, spira breviuscula, decollata : anfractibus 4—5, rotundatis, spiraliter sulcatis, sulcis confer- tissimé decussatis, asperis ; sutura profunda; apertura circu-, lari; peritremate duplici, interno simplicissimo, externo late expanso, undulato; umbilico magno; operculo testaceo, spirali, anfractibus intis leevibus, extts lamella spirali reflexa. Shell globosely conical, whitish, with a rather short decolla- ted spire, consisting of from 4 to 5 rounded, spirally grooved volutions, rough, with very close-set decussated striz ; suture deep; aperture circular, peritreme double, the inner one very simple, the outer one broadly expanded and undulated ; 133 umbilicus large ; operculum shelly, spiral, its volutions smooth within, and with a reflected spiral lamella outside. Jamaica. 119. C. scaBRicuLuo. (pl. xxviii. f. 147.) nod. T. globoso-conoidea, albida, spira breviuscula, decollata, anfractibus quatuor, rotundatis, spiraliter sulcatis, sulcis con- fertissimé decussatis, asperis ; sutura distincté; apertura circu- lari, peritremate duplici, interno tenui, externo laté expanso, undulato, posticé undulato-lamellari: umbilico mediocri ; operculo lamella levata spirali. Shell globosely conoidal, whitish, with a rather short decol- lated spire, consisting of 4 rounded, spirally grooved volu- _ tions ; grooves very finely decussated, rough ; suture distinct ; aperture circular, peritreme double, inner thin, outer broadly expanded, undulated, posteriorly undulated lamellar; umbi- licus middling; operculum with a spiral elevated lamella. Jamaica. 120. C. Lave. (pl. xxix. f. 220 to 222.) Gray. in Supp. to Wood’s Ind. Testac. t. 6. f,5. Turbo immaculatus, &c. Chemn. ix. p. 57. t. 123. f. 1063. T. globoso-conica, tenui, pellucida, albida, levi, spira acuminata; anfractibus quinque, subrotundatis, ultimo ventri- coso; apertura subcirculari; peritremate reflexo, latere columellari sinuato; sutura subobtecta; umbilico parvo ; operculo tenui, corneo, spirali. Shell globosely conical, thin, pellucid, whitish, smooth, with an acuminated spire ; volutions 5, slightly rounded, the last ventricose; aperture nearly circular; peritreme reflected, its columellar side sinuated; suture partly hidden ; umbilicus small; operculum thin, horny, spiral. First brought by Dr. Solander, in 1780. I have since received it from Lucon, collected by J. K. Smith, Esq., and Mr. Cuming has brought six varieties from the Philippine Islands. The young shell is keeled. 121. C. nitrpumM, (pl. xxix. f. 225, 226, 227.) nod. T. globoso-conica, tenui, pellucida, levi, albida, interdum fusco-variegata; spiraé acuminata, anfractibus 5, rotun- _ datis, ultimo maximo, ventricoso; apertura circulari, peritre- mate reflexo, latere columellari subsinuato; sutura distincta ; umbilico parvo: operculo tenui, corneo, spirali. Shell globosely conical, thin, pellucid, smooth, white, or whitish variously speckled and marked with brown; spire acuminated, consisting of 5 rounded volutions, of which the last is very large and ventricose: aperture circular, with a R 134 reflected peritreme, which is slightly sinuated on the side towards the umbilicus, which is small; suture distinct ; oper- culum thin, horny, of 5 or 6 volutions. _ Found on leaves of trees and shrubs in the Islands of Guimaras and Zebu, H. Cuming. 122. C. concrnnuM. (pl. xxix. f. 223. 224.) nod. T. globoso-conica, tenui, pellucida, levi, albida, viridifusco spiraliter lineaté; spiré acuminata, anfractibus 5, rotun- datis, ultimo maximo, ventricoso ; apertura circulari, peritre- mate reflexo, latere columellari subsinuato; sutura distincta ; umbilico parvo; operculo tenui, corneo, spirali. Shell globosely conical, thin, pellucid, smooth, whitish with spiral greenish brown lines; spire acuminated, of 5 rounded volutions, of which the last is very large and ventricose ; aperture circular, with a reflected peritreme, and _ slightly sinuated on the side next to the umbilicus; suture distinct umbilicus small; operculum horny, thin, spiral. In the young state, while the epidermis remains,the green- ish brown spiral lines are hairy. Several varieties were found by M. Cuming, on leaves of trees and bushes in the Islands of Bohol, Mindanao, and Camiguing. 123. C. PANAYENSE, (pl. xxx. f.239.) nob. T. globoso-conica, tenuissima, pellucida, levi, fuscescente, spira brevi, obtusiuscula, anfractibus quinque, spiraliter et distanter substriatis, rotundatis, ultimo anticé ad peripheriam carina obsoletéa munito ; apertura magna, feré circulari, peri- ‘tremate lato, reflexo, ad ultimum anfractum interrupto, mar- gine interno albo, externo fusco; umbilico parvo; operculo tenui, corneo, anfractibus 5—6. Shell globosely conical, very thin, pellucid, smooth, brown- ish ; spire short, rather obtuse ; volutions five, rounded, dis- tantly spirally striated, the last furnished with a very indistinct keel at the periphery; aperture large, nearly circular, with a broad reflected peritreme, interrupted over the last volution, with a white internal and brown outer margin; umbilicus small; operculum thin, horny, of five or six volutions. Found on leaves of bushes at Dingle in the Island of Panay, by Mr. Cuming. 124. C. virreum. (pl. xxx. f. 252.) Lesson. T. globoso-conicé, tenuiuscula, levi, subpellucida, fulve- scente, spira acuminata, anfractibus 5—6, rapidé crescentibus, rotundatis, sutura distinctaé; apertura feré circulari, peritre- mate albo, incrassato, reflexo, ad ultimum anfractum subin- 135 terrupto, latere umbilicali subsinuato, demim atiori, suban- gulato; umbilico parvo; operculo testaceo, extiis concavo, anfractibus 4—5. Shell globosely conical, rather thin, smooth, slightly pellu- cid, fulyous, with an acuminated spire; volutions 5—6, in- creasing rapidly, rounded, with a distinct suture; aperture nearly circular ; peritreme white, thickened, reflected, inter- rupted at the last volution, slightly sinuated on the umbilical side, when it becomes broader and rather angular, umbilicus small; operculum shelly, concave outwardly, its volutions 4—5. From New Ireland, Mr. Hinds. 125. C. puTEostoma. (pl. xxx. f. 228, 229.) nod. T. globoso-conica, tenui, pellucida, albida, epidermide tenui, vornea induta; spira acuminaté; anfractibus quinque, rotun- datis, ultimo magno, ventricoso ; apertura subcirculari, peri- tremate reflexo, aurantiaco, latere columellari subsinuato, propé ultimum anfractum interrupto; sutura distincta, umbi- lico parvo ; operculo tenui, corneo, multispirali. Shell globosely conical, thin, pellucid, whitish, covered with a thin horny epidermis; spire somewhat acuminated, with five rounded volutions, of which the last is large and ventricose; aperture nearly circular, with a reflected orange coloured peritreme, slightly sinuated on the columellar side, interrupted and very thin upon the last volution; suture dis- tinct, umbilicus small, operculum thin, horny, multispiral. Found on leaves of bushes in the Island of Guimaras, and at Dingle I. of Panay. by Mr. Cuming. 126. C. FIBULA, (pl. xxx. f. 240. 241. 242.) nod. T. suborbiculato-conica, tenui, cinerascente-fusca vel albida, nonnunquam fusco angulatim strigata, spird acuminatiuscula, anfractibus 5—6, levibus, lineis spiralibus nonnullis elevatius- culis, ultimo magno, anticé obtusé carinato, ante peripheriam subplanulato; apertura subobliqua, rotundato-subquadrata, peritremate reflexo, supra ultimum anfractum laté interrupto, latere umbilicali rotundato, revoluto ; umbilico parvo, angusto : operculo tenui, corneo, anfractibus 6—7. Shell suborbicular-conical, thin, light greyish brown or whitish, sometimes more or less strongly marked with irre- gularly angular brown stripes and specks; spire rather acuminated; volutions 5 or 6, smooth, with several slightly elevated spiral lines, the last large, very obtusely carinated in front, and rather flattened before the periphery; aperture rather oblique, of a rounded subquadrate form, with a reflected 136 peritreme which is broadly interrupted at the last volution and rounded and turned back on the side of the umbilicus, which is small and narrow ; operculum thin, horny, with 6 or 7 volutions. Found on leaves of palms and other trees, in the north part of the Island of Lugon, by Mr. Cuming. 127. C. peERPLEXUM. (pl. xxx. f. 243. 244.) nob. T. suborbiculari, subconica, tenui, albida, pallide fusco varié nubeculata; spira brevi; anfractibus quinque subrotundatis, levibus, ultimo ad peripheriam subcarinato, posticé lineis levatiusculis distantibus nonnullis munito; sutura indistincta ; apertura subcirculari, peritremate crassiusculo, reflexo, ad ultimum anfractum interrupto, latere umbilicali revoluto, umbilico mediocri. Shell suborbicular, subconical, thin, whitish, variously mottled and speckled with pale brown ; spire short, volutions 5, rather rounded, smooth, the last slightly carimated at the periphery, and having several posterior slightly elevated distant lines; aperture nearly circular, peritreme thickish, reflected, interrupted at the last volution, rounded and turned back on the side of the umbilicus, which is of moderate size. Found on bushes at Abulug, by Mr. Cuming. 128. C. Pingus. (pl. xxix. f. 196. 197.) nod. T. conicaé, tenui, albida, fusco pallidissimé nubeculata ; spira subacuminata, anfractibus quinque, planulatis, anticé carinatis; apertura rotundato-subtrigona, extus angulata, peritremate albo, reflexo, labiis posticé disjunctis; umbilico arvo. j Y Shell conical, thin, whitish clouded with very pale brown, spire rather acuminated, with 5 flattened volutions, keeled in front; aperture subtrigonal, rounded, angular outside, peri- treme white, reflected, lips disunited posteriorly ; umbilicus small. Several varieties ot this species were found by Mr. Cuming, under decayed leaves, near Sinait and St. Juan. 129. C. SrarnFortuit. (pl. xxix. f. 215. 216. & pl. xxx. f. 217.) nob. Zool. Proc. 1842, p. 82. T. tenui, albicante, pyramidali, carinata ; spira acuminatius- cula, anfractibus 5—6, lateribus subventricosis, ultimo longé maximo, margine mediano carinato, lineis spiralibus fuscis 4—6 ornato ; suturd subobsoleta; apertura magna, suborbi- culari, latere columellari rectiusculo; peritremate albo, subincrassato, reflexo, supra anfractum penultimum subin- terrupto; umbilico mediocri; operculo corneo, tenui, margi- nibus anfractuum lamellosis, levatiusculis. 137 Shell pyramidal, thin, whitish, keeled around the edge; spire rather acuminated, volutions 5—6, slightly ventricose on the sides, the last by far the largest, with its medial edge keeled, and having from 4 to 6 spiral brown lines; suture rather indistinct; aperture large, suborbicular, with its colu- mellar side rather straight; peritreme white, somewhat fhick- ened, reflected, somewhat interrupted at the last voluton; umbilicus moderate ; operculum horny, thin, with the edges of its volutions lamellar, rather elevated. Found by Mr. Cuming on leaves of trees and bushes, inseveral of the Philip- pine Islands, and named in honour of the Rev. F. J. Stainforth. 130. C. ATRICAPILLUM. (pl. xxx. f. 230. 231.) nob. T. globoso-pyramidali, tenui, nitidula, albicante, varié fusco-strigata, apice nigro, anfractibus 5, subrotundatis, plus minusve obsoleté spiraliter carinatis; sutura distinctad ; aper- tura rotundaté, superné subacuminaté; peritremate acuto, reflexo, latere umbilicali subsinuato, ultimi anfractus interrup- to; umbilico parvo; operculo corneo, tenui. Shell globoso-pyramidal, thin, somewhat shining, whitish, variously striped and speckled with dark brown, and having a black apex ; volutions 5, rather rounded, more or less obso- letely spirally carinated; suture distinct; aperture round, rather acuminated at the upper part; peritreme acute, reflected, slightly sinuated on the side toward the umbilicus, interrupted against the last volution; umbilicus small. First brought from the Philippine Islands by J. D. Smith, Esq. Mr. Cuming collected several varieties on the leaves of trees and shrubs, at Puerto-galero, in the Island of Mindoro. 131. C. Gonrosroma. (pl. xxx. f. 233. 234.) nob. T. suborbiculari, conoidea, margine carinato, tenui, subpel- lucida, levi, albida, fusco-varie strigata, spira acuminata, apice nigricante, obtusiusculo; anfractibus 54, planulatis, ultimo subventricoso, obsoleté bi-vel tri-carinatis, margine acuto, anticé subplanulato; apertura rotundato-subtrigona, anticé subrotundata, posticé extusque angulata, peritremate tenui, angusto, reflexo ; umbilico parvo. Shell suborbicular, conical, witha carinated edge, thin, rather pellucid, smooth, whitish, variously striped with brown ; spire acuminated, rather obtuse, blackish; volutions 53, flat- tened, the last slightly ventricose, with two or three obsolete keels, sharp at the edge, flattened in front; aperture of a rounded subtriangular form, rounded in front, and angular posteriorly as well as at the external edge ; with a thin, narrow, 138 reflected peritreme; umbilicus small. Two varieties were found by Mr. Cuming, at Cagayan in the Island of Mindanao. 132. C. InsIGNE, (pl. xxx. f. 232.) nob. T. subglobosa, subconordea, pretenui, corned, pellucida, viridescente-fusca; spira acuminatiuscula; anfractibus quinque, primis rotundatis, levibus, duobus ultimis tenerrimé trans- versim striatis, margine acuté carinato, posticé subplanulatis, 5 ad 7 carinatis, ultimo maximo, anticé subobsoleté 2 vel 3 carinatis; apertura magna, subcirculari, peritremate tenui, reflexo, intus albo, ultimo anfractu modificato; umbi- lico exiguo ; operculo tenui, corneo. Shell subglobose, somewhat conoidal, very thin, horny, pellucid, of a greenish brown colour; spire rather acuminated ; volutions five, of which the three first are rounded and smooth, and the two last very finely transversely striated, with a sharp keeled edge, rather flattened posteriorly and having from 5 to 7 rather obsolete keels ; the last volution very large, with two or three rather obsolete keels anteriorly ; aperture large, nearly circular, with a thin, reflected peritreme, white on the inner edge and modified by the last volution; umbilicus small, operculum horny, very thin. Found on leaves of trees at Calapan, Island of Mindoro, by Mr. Cuming. 133. C. AcuMINATUo. (pl. xxx. f. 235.) nod. T. subglobosa, pyramidali, tenui, levi, pellucida, albicante, spira acuminata, apice obtusiusculo, fuscescente; anfractibus sex, rotundatis, substriatis, ultimo magno, carina ad periphe- riam obsoletiuscula munito, ante carimam planulatiusculo ; apertura subcirculari, posticé subacuminata, peritremate tenui, reflexo, ad ultimum anfractum interrupto; latere umbilicali subsinuato ; umbilico parvo. Shell subglobose, pyramidal, thin, smooth, pellucid, whitish ; spire acuminated, with a rather blunt, brownish apex, volu- tions six, rounded, very slightly and distantly striated, the last large, furnished with an indistinct keel at the periphery and very slightly flattened in front of the keel; aperture nearly orbicular, slightly acuminated posteriorly with a thin reflected peritreme, interrupted at the last volution, and slightly sinuated at the side next to the umbilicus, which is very small. Found by Mr. Cuming on leaves of trees at St. Juan, Island of Lucon. 134. C. TENUE, (pl. xxx1, f. 265.) nob. T. globoso-pyramidali, tenui, albicante, opaca ; spira acumi- natiuseula, apice obtuso ; anfractibus 5—6, rotundatis, posticé 139 spiraliter substriatis, ultimo fulvo-unifasciato, anticé levi; sutura profunda ; apertura rotundaté; peritremate tenui, sub- reflexo; umbilico mediocri. Shell globoso-pyramidal, thin, nearly white, dull; spire rather acuminated, but with an obtuse apex; volutions 5—6, rounded, slightly spirally striated posteriorly ; the last volution with a single fulvous band and smooth in front ; Suture deep; aperture round, peritreme thin, very slightly reflected; um- bilicus middling. Africa; Mr. Gray. 135. C. cippumM, (pl. xxx. f. 247. 248.) Fer. Mag. de Hook: pl. 117: f, 1. T. suborbiculari, subpyramidali, tenui, subdistorta, cineras- cente, spira mediocri, obtusa, apice rufescente, anfractibus quinque rotundatis, transversim striatis, ultimi dorso inflato, demum coarctato et quasi strangulato; apertura circulari, margine duplicato, umbilicum versus subsinuato, peritremate latiusculo, reflexo, acuto, umbilicum versus angustiori; um- bilico mediocri. Shell nearly orbicular, somewhat pyramidal, rather thin, and having a distorted appearance, ash-coloured; spire of moderate length, blunt, with a dull red apex, consisting of five rounded, transversely striated volutions, the dorsal por- tion of the last volution inflated, and then suddenly contracted, as if strangled; aperture circular, having a double margin, and slightly sinuated on the side toward the umbilicus, with a rather broad, sharp-edged, reflected peritreme, narrower toward the umbilicus, which is of moderate dimensions. Operculum circular, horny, exactly closing the contracted part or throat of the aperture. From the grottos of Touranne, in Cochin-China. 136. C. Prerret, (pl. xxxi. f. 260.) D’Ord. T. globoso-pyramidali, tenui, scabra, alba, spira acuminata, apice decollato, fusco; anfractibus 4, rotundatis, transversim striatis et costatis, costis minutis, subdistantibus, muricatis, ultimo propé aperturam disjuncto: suturd profunda ; aper- tura circulari, peritremate duplici, interno simplici, externo angusto, reflexo, undulato; umbilico magno, spiraliter cos- tato. Shell globosely-pyramidal, thin, white, rough ; spire acumi- nated, its apex decollated, brown; volutions four, rounded, transversely striated and ribbed; ribs small, distant, muricated ; the last volution disjoined near the aperture ; suture deep ; aperture circular, peritreme double, inner simple, outer nar- 140 row, reflected, undulated ; umbilicus large, spirally ribbed. From Cuba, communicated by D’Orbigny. 137. C. Lincineuuvo, (pl. xxviii. f. 150. 151,) Lam. Anim. s. vert. vi. 2. p. 148. (C. Lincina, Encycl. Meth. t.461.f.2. C. compressum, Gray. in Supp. to Ind. Testac. t.\6. £, 42. T. globoso-conoidea, pallida, seriatim fusco-maculata, spira subacuminata; anfractibus 4—5, rotundatis, subtilissimé striatis, ultimi terminatione subporrecto, disjuncto; sutura profunda; apertura circulari; peritremate duplici, continuo, interno simplici, porrecto, externo angusto, expanso ; umbilico parvo; operculo spirali, anfractibus paucis, extus lamella spirali, reflex4. Shell globosely conical, of a pale colour, with rows of fuscous spots, spire rather acuminated, consisting of four or five rounded volutions, which are very finely striated, the last volution separated at its termination and standing for- ward; suture deep; aperture circular; peritreme double, continuous, the internal simple, standing forward, the external narrow, spreading ; umbilicus small; operculum spiral, con. sisting of few volutions, with a spiral reflected lamella outside. Jamaica. Mr. G. Humphrey. 138. C. LincrnvuM, (pl. xxvii. f. 148. 149.) Turbo Lincina, Linn. Syst. Nat. ed. 12. t. 1. p. 1239, no. 639. Chemn. ix. f. 1060. a. T. oblonga, pallida, spira decollaté ; anfractibus 3—4, teren- tibus, confertissimé decussato-striatis, asperis; sutura pro- funda; apertura circulari; peritremate dilatato, laté expanso, planiusculo, crenato, superné nonnunquam reflexo ; umbilico parvo; operculo testaceo, lamella externa spirali, reflex, striata. Shell of an oblong, somewhat conical form, with a decol- lated spire, consisting of three or four rounded volutions, which are rough all over, with close set decussating striz ; suture deep; aperture circular; peritreme dilated, spreading widely, rather flat, crenated, the upper part sometimes re- flected ; umbilicus small, externally with a spiral, reflected, striated lamella. This is undoubtedly Linné’s Turbo Lincina, with which Lamarck’s Cycl. Lincinella and his Cycl. inter- rupta, have both been confounded, neither of which, however, agrees with the character Linné gives of his T. Lincina, viz. T. testa oblonga, obtusa, rugoso striata, apertura limbo dilatato plano crenato. Jamaica. 141 139. C. ALBUM, (pl. xxvii. f. 154.) nod. T. oblonga, alba, spira subconoidali, decollata; anfrac- tibus 3—4, rotundatis, levibus; sutura distincté; apertura elliptica ; peritremate duplici, interno tenui, simplici, externo angusto, subreflexo, superné angulato. Shell oblong, white, spire rather conical, decollated ; volu- tions from three to four, rounded, smooth; suture distinct; aperture elliptical ; peritreme double, the internal one thin, simple, the external one narrow, somewhat reflected, angular at the upper part. 140. C. Cuemnirzit, (pl. xxviii. f. 155. 156.) Gray. in Supp. to Wood’s Ind. Testace. t. 6. f. 6. T. oblonga, subconoidali, apice decollato ; anfractibus 4—5, rotundatis, levibus, fascia fusca spirali unica, vel fasciis quatuor fuscis interruptis; sutura distincté; apertura sub- rotunda, superné subacuminata; peritremate duplici, interno tenui, simplici, externo latiusculo, subexpanso, superné sub- acuminato, flexuoso; umbilico minimo; operculo testaceo spirali, anfractibus paucis striatis. Shell oblong, somewhat conical, apex truncated, with from four to five smooth rounded volutions, sometimes with a single fuscous broad spiral band, or with four narrow spiral interrupted fuscous bands; suture distinct; aperture nearly round, rather acuminated at the upper part ; peritreme double, internal slender, simple, external rather wide and spreading, rather acuminated and flexuous at the upper extremity ; umbilicus very small; operculum shelly, spiral, consisting of very few striated volutions. South Africa. 141. C. 1nTERRUPTUoM. (pl. xxvii. f. 152. 153.) Lam. Anim. sans vert. vi. 2, p. 145. T. tenui, pellucida, ovato-conoidea, apice obtuso, fusco ; anfractibus 4—5, ventricosis, leevibus, albidis, fasciis luteis, spiralibus, interruptis ; sutura profunda; apertura circulari ; peritremate interno tenui, levatiusculo, externo reflexo, dilatato-patente ; umbilico parvo. Shell thin, pellucid, ovately conoidal, with an obtuse dark brown apex; volutions from 4 to 5, ventricose, smooth, whitish, with spiral interrupted fulvous bands; suture deep ; aperture circular ; internal peritreme thin, rather elevated, external reflected, dilated, spreading ; umbilicus small. The smallest volutions are transversely _ striated. M. Chenu, in the Receuil, &c. has given this for C. ambiguum, and vice versa has represented Lamarck’s C. ambiguum, under the name of C. interruptum. 8 142 . C. prcrum. (pl. xxvii. f. 157.158.) Cistula picta, Hunton MSS. ined. T. oblongo-conoidea, tenui, subpellucida, spira acuminata, apice decollato ; anfractibus 4—5, ventricosiusculis, leevibus, albis, fusco- marmoratis 5 ; sutura profunda ; apertura circulari ; peritremate interno tenui, levatiusculo, luteo, externo reflexo, dilatato-patente ; umbilico parvo. Shell oblongo- conoidal, thin, somewhat pellucid, with a gradually tapering acuminated spire, whose apex is decollated ; volutions from 4 to 5,rather ventricose,smooth, white, marbled with brown, principally at the lower part; suture deep; aperture circular; internal peritreme slender, rather elevated, yellow, external reflected, spreading ; umbilicus small. Jamaica. 143. C. suBAspERUM. (pl. xxviii. f. 159.) Lister. Cistula decussata, Humphrey. M.S. ined. T. oblongo-conoidea, spira elevata, decollata; anfractibus 5—6, rotundatis, subfuscis, albido- mianenaees decussatim striatis ; sutura distincta; apertura subelliptica, disyuncta, peritremate subrevoluto, latere anfractus ultimi non continuo ; umbilico mediocri. Shell of an oblong shape, with an elevated, gradually taper- ing spire, decollated at the apex, with 4 or 5 rounded volu- tions, of a brown colour marbled with whitish, and wholly covered with decussating strie; suture distinct; aperture rather elliptical, separated, with a somewhat revolute peri- treme, which, however, does not continue on the side of the aperture towards the last volution; umbilicus middle-sized. This is one of the largest of the pyramidal Cyclostomata, much resembling C. Labeo, from which it may easily be distinguished by the disjomed aperture, and the peritreme not continuing on the side towards the last volution. Kast Indies. 144. C. arTicuLaAtum. (pl. xxvii. f. 160. 161.) nod. T. oblonga, pyramidali, spira subacuminata, plerumque decollata; anfractibus 4—7, rotundatis, transversim striatis ; albidis, et articulatim fusco-marmoratis; sutura distincta; apertura subcirculari; peritremate angusto, reflexo ; umbilico mediocri; operculo testaceo, tenui, extts lamina spirali conspicua. Shell oblong, pyramidal, with a subacuminated, though generally asia spire; volutions 4—7, (4 or 5 when decollated, 6 or 7 when entire,) rounded, transversely striated, whitish marbled seit fuscous, and having an alternately white 143 and fuscous band just below the suture, which is distinct é aperture nearly circular, with a narrow, reflected peritreme ; umbilicus deep, of moderate extent 3 operculum thin, shelly, with a distinct spiral lamina outside. This has been confounded with C. mirabile of Gray, but may very easily be distinguished by attention to the characters of the peritreme. | Demerara. 145. C. roysanoruapne. (pl. xxviii. f. 162. 163.) nob. T. oblonga, pyramidali, spira acuminata, plerumque decol- lata; anfractibus 3—6, rotundatis, transversim striatis, fusco interruptim fasciatis, marginibus superioribus plicato-fimbria- tis ; (suturd crenulatd ; ) apertura circulari ; peritremate interno crassiusculo, levatiusculo, externo dilatato-patente ;_ umbilico parvo ; operculo extis anfractibus 5—6, oblique striatis. Shell oblong, pyramidal, with a rather acuminated, but generally decollated spire; volutions 3—6, (3 or 4 when decollated, 5 or 6 when entire,) rounded, transversely striated, of a pale colour, with narrow interrupted fuscous bands, and the upper edges, close to the suture, plicato-fimbriated, the suture itself consequently appearing crenulated : aperture circular; the internal peritreme thickish, rather elevated, the external one wide, spreading; umbilicus small; operculum spiral, consisting of two lamina, the internal smooth and shining, the external with 5 or 6 obliquely striated volutions. From Demerara and the Antilles. 146. C. oBEsUM. (pl. xxxi. f. 278.) nod. T. oblonga, crassiusculé, fuscescente, apice decollato, anfrac- tibus 3—4, rotundatis, spiraliter sulcatis, tenerrimé transversim striatis, apertura subovali, peritremate tenui, reflexo ; umbilico parvo; operculo tenui, anfractibus 3. Shell oblong, thickish, of a light brown colour; apex decol- lated; volutions 3—4, rounded, spirally grooved, and very delicately transversely striated; aperture rather oval, with a thin, reflected peritreme ; umbilicus small; operculum thin, with only 3 volutions. Collected by Pfeiffer, in Cuba. 147. C. pupicum. (pl. xxxi. f. 282.) D,Ord. T. ovato-pyramidali, crassiuscula, tenerrimé decussata, rufo-fulvescente : apice decollato; anfractibus 3, rotundatis, peritremate duplici, interno simplici, externo tenui, lato, reflexo, latere columellari emarginato, prope umbilicum incrassato et reflexo, umbilicum claudente. Shell ovate pyramidal, thickish, very delicately decussated, reddish fulvous : apex decollated : volutions 3, rounded ; peri- treme double, inner simple, outer thin, broad, reflected, with 144 a notch on the columellar side close in front of the umbilicus, thickened and reflected over the umbilicus so as completely to cover it. Collected by D’Orbigny, in Cuba. 148. C. Banxstanum. (pl. xxix. f. 194.) nob. T. ovato-pyramidali, tenuiuscula, pallescente, aurantiaco- brunnea pallidé strigata, apice decollato ; anfractibus 3 ad 4, rotundatis, tenerrimé transversim striatis, striis paululam undulatis ; sutura distincta, crenulata; apertura magna, circu- lari, aurantiaco-brunnea, peritremate duplici, interno tenui, paululum levato, externo angusto, reflexo, propé ultimum anfractum discontinuo; umbilico mediocri, spiraliter striate. Shell ovately pyramidal, rather thin, of a light colour, with pale orange-brown stripes; apex decollated; volutions 3—4, rounded, very finely transversely striated, the strie slightly undulated ; suture distinct, crenulated; aperture large, circular, orange-brown, with adouble peritreme, inner peritreme thin, slightly raised, outer narrow, reflected, not continuous over the last volution ; umbilicus middling, spirally striated. From Manchester Mountains, Jamaica; named in honour of Miss Banks, of Doncaster. 149. C. xANTHOSTOMA. (pl. xxix. f. 195.) nob. T. oblongo-turrita, crassiuscula, cinereo-rufescente, apice decollato, anfractibus 4 ad 5, rotundatis, transversim tener- rimé striatis, et spiraliter sulcatis, nonnunquam transversim tenuiter sulcatis, sulcis distantibus ; sutura profunda ; apertura subcirculari, peritremate duplici, aurantiaco-rufescente, interno simplici, tenuiusculo, externo latiori, reflexo, tenuitér subun- dulato; umbilico mediocri. Shell oblong, turreted, thickish, reddish-gray, apex decol- lated; volutions 4 to 5, rounded, very delicately transversely striated, and distinctly spirally grooved; sometimes also with slender, rather distant transverse grooves (apparently marking short periods of growth; ) suture deep; aperture nearly circu- lar, peritreme double, reddish-orange, inner peritreme simple, thin, outer broader, reflected, very slightly undulated, umbilicus moderate. Savannah la mér, Jamaica. 150. C. AUBEREANUM. (pl. xxxi. f. 285.) D’Orb. C. crenulatum. Pf. T. oblongo-pyramidali, crassiuscula, albicante, fusco angu- latim lineolata, apice decollato ; anfractibus 4, subrotundatis, spiraliter striatis, eleganter decussatis; suturad crenulata; apertura subelliptica, posticé subangulata, peritremate subre- eae umbilico parvo, striis validioribus; operculi anfrac- tibus 2, 145 Shell oblong, pyramidal, thickish, whitish, with zigzag brown lines ; apex decollated ; volutions 4, somewhat rounded, spirally striated, and elegantly decussated ; suture crenulated ; aperture subelliptical, posteriorly a little angular, peritreme somewhat reflected; umbilicus ‘small, with larger strie ; operculum of 2 volutions. Cuba, communicated by D’ Orbigny and Pfeiffer. May this be the C. lineolatum of Lam? 151. C. Canpeanum. (pl. xxxi. f. 283, 284.) D’Orbd. T. oblongo-turrita, tenui, decussata, fulvo-rufescente, punc- tulis castaneis ordinatis ; apice decollato; anfractibus 4, subrotundatis, sutura crenulata ; apertura circulari, posticé subacuminata ; peritremate duplici, externo latiusculo, reflexo ; latere umbilicali angustiori ; umbilico parvo. Shell oblong, turreted, thin, decussated, reddish-brown, with rows of chestnut coloured dots > apex decollated ; volutions 4, somewhat rounded ; suture crenulated ; aperture circular, subacuminated posteriorly ; — peritreme double, outer rather broad, reflected, narrower on the side of the umbilicus, which is small. Cuba, communicated by D’Or- bigny and Pfeiffer. It seems distinct from C. decussatum Lam. 152. C. Sauuta. (pl. xxviii. f. 189.) nob. T. pyramidali, subturrita, tenui, eleganter striata, pallescente, brunneo articulatim spiraliter lineata, apice decollato, anfrac- tibus quinque, rotundatis, suturd distineta ; apertura circulari : peritremate duplici, interno tenui paululim levato, externo latiori reflexo, latere externo crenulato, albo brunneoque articulatim picto, posticé anticeque expanso, prope ultimum anfractum angusto; umbilico mediocri. Shell pyramidal, subturreted, thin, elegantly striated, of a pele colour, with interrupted brown spiral lines ; apex decollated ; volutions 5, rounded, with a distinct suture : aperture circular, peritreme double, the inner thin and slightly raised, the outer broader, reflected, with its outer edge crenulated, alternately brown and white, rather more spread both anteriorly and posteriorly, and narrow near the last volution; umbilicus moderate. From the West Indies, named in honour of Miss Saul. 153. C. mirapite. (pl. xxviii, f. 164.) Gray in Wood’s Supp. to Ind. Testac. t. 6. f. 22. T. oblongo-pyramidali, tenui, pellucida, albida, fusco inter- ruptim fasciata, spira subacuminaté, obtusa, plerumque decol- lata; anfractibus 4—7 » rotundatis, transversim striatis ; apertura circulari, peritremate reflexo, dilatato-patente ; 146 umbilico magno; operculo spirali, tenui, anfractibus 5, extts lamina lata trivoluta conspicua. Shell oblong, pyramidal, thin, pellucid, whitish, with inter- rupted fuscous bands, spire somewhat acuminated, but obtuse and generally decollated ; volutions 4—7, (4 when decollated, 7 when entire) rounded and transversely striated; aperture circular, with a wide spreading, and much reftected peritreme ; umbilicus large ; operculum spiral, thin, with 5 volutions, and having externally a broad spiral lamina of three whorls. At the upper part of the volutions of this shell there is a strongly marked brown band, with distinct whitish articulations. From Demerara, G. C. Bainbridge, Esq. 154. C. Laseo. (pl. xxviii. f. 165.) Lam. Anim. s. Vert. vi. 2. p. 145. T. oblonga, pyramidali, apice decollato; anfractibus 4, rotundatis, subfuscis, decussatim striatis; apertura elliptica ; peritremate albo, reflexo, latiusculo; umbilico mediocri. Shell oblong, pyramidal, with a decollated apex; volutions 4, rounded, of a brownish colour, and covered with decussa- ting strie; aperture elliptical, with a broad white reflected peritreme ; umbilicus rather small. This is one of the largest of the pyramidal species, being equal in size to C. subasperum, to which it bears a general resemblance, and which has been confounded with it. Under that species I have noticed the distinguishing marks. From Jamaica, Lam. 155. C. rnuGuLosuM, (pl. xxvii. f. 166. 167.) Pfeiffer. Cistula scabrosa, Humphrey, M.S. T. cylindraceo-subpyramidali, apice decollato; anfractibus 4—7, subventricosis, decussatis, scabris, margine superiori crenulato ; sutura distincta; apertura elliptica, superné angu- lata, peritremate disjuncto, reflexo, angustiori, umbilico minimo. Shell rather pyramidally cylindrical, generally decollated at the apex, with from 4 to 7 volutions, (4 when decollated, 7 when entire) rather ventricose, decussated, rough, with their upper edges decollated; suture distinct; aperture elliptical, angular at the upper part; peritreme narrow, reflected, separated from the last volution; umbilicus very small. From Providence Island and Cuba. 156. C. cHLOROSTOMA. (pl. xxvii. f. 168.) nod. T. cylindraceo-pyramidali, nigricante, apice decollato ; anfractibus quingue, ventricosis, decussatis ; sutura distincta; apertura circulari; peritremate continuo, reflexo-patente, flavo ; umbilico minori. 147 Shell pyramidally cylindrical, decollated at the apex, of a brownish black colour; volutions five, ventricose, decussated, with a distinctly marked suture ; aperture circular, with a con- tmuous, reflected, spreading, yellow peritreme; umbilicus small. From Demerara, G. C. Bainbridge, Esq. 157. C. osscurum. (pl. xxviii. f. 169.) Gray. M.S. T. ventricoso-subpyramidali, fusca, apice decollato ; anfrac- tibus 4, ventricosis, decussatis, subasperis ; suturd crenulati- uscula ; apertura circulari; peritremate crasso, reflexo-sub- patente, albicante ; umbilico minori; operculo lamina spirali reflexa. Shell rather ventricosely pyramidal, fuscous, decollated at the apex, with four ventricose, decussated, rather rough, volutions ; suture slightly crenulated; aperture circular, with a thickish, reflected, rather spreading, whitish peritreme ; umbilicus small ; operculum with a reflected spiral plate. 158. C. TESsELLATUM. (pl. xxviii. f. 173.) nob. T. oblonga, pyramidali, albicante, maculis quadratis brunneis ornata ; spira acuminata, ad apicem obtusa, anfrac- tibus 7, convexis, quinque ultimis longitudinaliter striatis ; apertura subcirculari, superné subacuminata, peritremate reflexo, tenui, albo, propé anfractum ultimum interrupto, umbilico nullo. Shell oblong, pyramidal, whitish, with a few squarish brown spots, principally next below the suture; spire acuminated, obtuse at the apex, consisting of seven convex volutions, the five last of which are longitudinally striated ; aperture nearly circular, rather acuminated at the upper part, with a thin reflected, sharp edged, white peritreme which is not continuous at that part where the lip comes in contact with the last volution: there is no umbilicus. From Corfu, M. Partsch. 159. C. patuuum. (pl. xxviii. f. 170.) Draparnaud, pl. 1. f. 9, 10. Lam. Anim. vert. vi. 2. p. 149. T. turrito-conica, cinerascente-fusca, apice obtusiusculo ; anfractibus 7, obliqué striatis; suturd distincta ; apertura subelliptica, superné subacuminata ; peritremate albicante, extus reflexo-patente; umbilico minimo. Shell turrito-conical, greyish brown, sometimes speckled a little with darker brown; apex somewhat obtuse ; volutions seven, obliquely striated, with a distinct suture; aperture rather elliptical, slightly acuminated at the upper part ; peritreme whitish, its outeredge reflected, spreading; umbilicus very small. Found according to Lamarck, in the clefts of rocks, near Montpelier, in the South of France. 148 160. C. mMaAcuLatTuM. (pl. xxvii. f.171.) Draparnaud. T. turrito-conicaé, cinerascente, fusco-maculata, apice obtusiusculo, anfractibus 7—8, rotundatis, transversim tenuitér striatis; sutura distincta; apertura subelliptica, superné subacuminata, peritremate extus incrassato, patulo, margine acuto ; umbilico minimo. Shell turrito-conical, greyish, spotted with fuscous, apex rather obtuse ; volutions from seven to eight, rounded, with slender transverse striz; suture distinct; aperture rather elliptical, oblique, its upper part somewhat acuminated ; peritreme white, its outer part thickened and spreading, not reflected, with a sharp edge ; umbilicus very small. It is found in the South of Europe. 161. C. srRIoLAtTUM. ( pl xxxi. f. 286.) Par. T. acuminato-pyramidali, tenui, subfusca, fasciis interruptis fuscis; anfractibus 74, subrotundatis, transversim oblique tenerrimé striatis ; apertura subcirculari, postice subangulata, peritremate tenui, reflexo ; umbilico parvo. Shell acuminated, pyramidal, thin, light brown with inter- rupted brown bands; volutions 74, slightly rounded, with transverse, oblique, very delicate striz; aperture nearly circular, rather angular posteriorly ; peritreme thin, reflected ; umbilicus small. European, sent to Mr. Cuming by M. Parreys. 162. C. auritum. (pl. xxvii. f. 172.) Ziegler. C. excisilabrum, nonnull. T. turrito-pyramidali, cinerascente, anfractibus 8, ventrico- sis, transversim tenuiter striatis, superioribus costellatis, costellis rariusculis; apertura elliptica, obliqua, superné subacuminata, peritremate albicante, patente, tenui, latere umbilicali marginato; umbilico tecto; operculi anfractibus paucis oblique striatis. Shell turrito-pyramidal, ash grey, volutions 8, ventricose, with close-set, slender, transverse striz, upper volutions with rather distant ribs; aperture elliptical, oblique, somewhat acuminated at the upper part, with a whitish, spreading, thin peritreme, which is notched on the umbilical side; the umbi- licus 1s covered ; operculum of few volutions, which are obli- quely striated. From Albania, Hungary, and Transylvania. 163. C. cRENULATUM. (pl. xxvu. f.174.175.) Gray. M.S. T. turrito-pyramidali, pallida, fusco-maculata, apice decol- lato; anfractibus 4, ventricosiusculis, transversim striatis ; sutura crenulatd; apertura subobliqua, elliptica, superné 149 subacuminata, peritremate reflexo-patente, superné acuminato, latere umbilicali flexuoso, sinuato ; umbilico parvo. Shell of a turreted pyramidal form, of a pale colour, with brown spots arranged in four rows; apex decollated ; volu- tions 4, rather ventricose and transversely striated ; "suture crenulated ; aperture rather oblique, somewhat elliptical, and acuminated at the upper extremity; peritreme slightly reflected, spreading, acuminated above, flexuous and sinuated on the umbilical side; umbilicus small. From the Antilles. 164. C. Fascra. (pl. xxvii. f. 176. 177.) Gray in Wood’s Supp. to Ind. Testac. t. 6. f. 8. T. turrito-pyramidali, pallida, fusco-fasciata, fasciis non- nunquam varié interruptis; apice plerumque decollato ; anfractibus 4—6, ventricosiusculis, plerumque decussato-stri- atis; sutura crenulata ; apertura subobliqua, elliptica, superné subacuminata, peritremate duplici, interno simplici, externo variabile, reflexo-patente, superné acuminato, latere umbilicali flexuoso, sinuato; umbilico minori;_ operculo spirali, anfrac- tibus paucis, obliqué striatis. Shell of a turreted pyramidal form, and generally of a pale colour, with brown bands, which are sometimes variously interrupted ; apex generally decollated; volutions from 4 to 6, rather ventricose, and generally decussato-striated, though sometimes striated only transversely; suture crenulated ; aperture rather oblique, somewhat elliptical and acuminated at the upper extremity ; inner peritreme simple, entire, outer slightly reflected, spreading, acuminated above, flexuous and sinuated on the umbilical side ; umbilicus small; operculum with few volutions, increasing rapidly in width, and obliquely striated. West Indies 165. C. QUATERNATUM. (pl. xxvii. f. 178. 179.) Lam. Anim. sans vert. vi. pt. 2. p. 147. T. oblongo-subcylindracea, tenui, apice decollato, anfractibus 4, convexis, spiraliter tenuissimé striatis; sutura crenu- lata; apertura elliptica, superné angulifera, peritremate continuo, disjuncto, angusto, reflexo; umbilico minimo, spiralitér striato. Shell oblong, somewhat cylindrical, thin, pellucid, its apex decollated, with 4 finely spirally striated, convex volu- tions; suture crenulated; aperture elliptical, angular at the upper part, with a narrow, reflected, continuous peritreme, separated from the last volution ; umbilicus very small, with a few spiral strie. Africa. T 150 166. C,..saGra., (pl. xext of, /279,*:280:)" Orb 7 eC. Mahogani, Gould ; C. pictum, Pfeiffer. T. oblonga, tenui, pellucida, nitida, spiraliter striata, pallida, maculis punctisque numerosis seriatim dispositis ornata; apice decollato; anfractibus 3—4, subventricosis; apertura elliptica; posticé subacuminata, peritremate subincrassato, subreflexo; umbilico parvo ; operculi anfractibus duobus. Shell oblong, thin, pellucid, shining, spirally striated, pale, with numerous brown dots disposed in rows ; apex decollated; volutions 3—4, rather ventricose; aperture elliptical, slightly acuminated posteriorly; peritreme rather thickened and slightly reflected; umbilicus small; operculum with two volutions. Cuba, communicated by D’Orbigny, Gould and Pfeiffer. 167. C. croceum. (pl. xxix. f. 190, 191.) nod. T. oblonga, ventricoso-pyramidali, crassiuscula, glabra, crocea, versus apicem in aurantiaco-fuscam exeunte ; spira acuminata, apice obtusiusculo; anfractibus 7—8, sub- ventricosis, oblique substriatis; apertura ovali, posticé acuminata, peritremate interno angusto, fulvo; externo incrassato, albo ; umbilico parvo. Shelloblong, rather ventricosely pyramidal, thickish, smooth, saffron coloured passing into orange brown toward the apex ; spire acuminated, obtuse at the apex, volutions 7-—8, rather ventricose, indistinctly striated obliquely; aperture oval, posteriorly acuminated, inner peritreme narrow, fulvous ; outer thick, white; umbilicus small. Locality unknown; in Mr. Stainforth’s collection. 168. C. ANTILLARUM. (pl. xxvii. f. 180.) nod. T. turrita, apice obtusiusculo; anfractibus 8, rotundatis, longitudinalitér striatis, epidermide cornea instructa; sutura distincta ; apertura circulari, peritremate reflexo-patente, albicante, superné submucronato, latere umbilicali laté emarginato ; umbilico parvo, margine elevato, crenulato; operculo circulari, spirali, corneo, anfractibus confertis. Shell turreted, with a rather obtuse apex, volutions eight, rounded, longitudinally striated, covered with a brown horny epidermis; suture distinctly marked; aperture circular; peritreme narrow, reflected, spreading, whitish, with a pro- jecting point at the upper part, and a broad emargination on the umbilical side; umbilicus small, with an elevated and crenulated margin ; operculum circular, spiral, horny, with close-set volutions. From ‘Tortola. 151 169. C. rortum. (pl. xxviii. f. 181, 182.) Gray, in Supp. to Wood’s Index Testaceologicus. t. 6. f. 32. T. oblongo-ovali, crassiuscula, levi, apice decollato; anfractibus 5—6, rotundatis, raptim crescentibus, substriatis; apertura circulari; peritremate incrassato, reflexo, latere anfractus ultimi tenuiori ; umbilico parvo. Shell of an oblong oval shape, thickish, smooth, witha decollated apex; volutions from five to six, ‘rounded, rapidly increasing in width, slightly striated; aperture ‘circular, peritreme thickened, reflected, thinner on the side next to the last volution ; umbilicus small. West Indies. 170. C. venTRIcosum. (pl. xxvii. f. 183—184.) D’Ord. T. oblongo-ovali, crassa, levi, apice decollato, anfractibus quinque rotundatis, rapidé crescentibus, transversim tener- rimé striatis, penultimo maximo; apertura circulari, peritre- mate incrassato, reflexo, latere anfractus ultimi angustiori, posticé angulato, latere umbilicali subexpanso ; umbilici parvi margine externo obtusé angulato; operculo multispirali, margine anfractuum sublamellari. Shell of an oblong-oval shape, thick, smooth, decollated when full grown, with five somewhat rounded volutions, increasing rapidly and very finely transversely striated ; the last but one being the largest; aperture circular, with a thickened and reflected peritreme, narrower on the side of the last volution ; angular posteriorly and with the umbilical side rather spread : umbilicus small, its external margin obtusely angular ; operculum multispiral, with the edge of its volutions slightly lamellar. Cuba, De pelt 171. C. aurtcuLatum. D’Orb. (pl. xxxi. f. 277.) C bicolor Gould. T. oblongo-pyramidali, ventricosiuscula, crassa, spire apice obtuso, anfractibus 4—6, subrotundatis, primis pallescentibus, duobus ultimis castaneis, transversim, subundulatim, striatis; apertura circulari, peritremate externo incrassato, reflexo, posticé inangulum obtusum desinente, deinde, umbilicumversustenui, demum supra umbilicum lamellari patente; umbilico mediocri, margine obtusé angulato. Shell oblong, pyramidal, rather ventricose, thick ; apex of the spire obtuse; volutions 4—6, rather rounded, * the first 2—3 pale, and the two last chesnut coloured, with slightly undulated transverse striz ; aperture circular, outer peritreme thickened, reflected, passing offintoan obtuseangle posteriorly, then thin toward the umbilicus, and at length somewhat 152 lamellar, and spreading over the umbilicus, which is middling and with an obtuse angular margin. Cuba, D’Orbigny and Gould. 172. C. rortuosum. (pl. xxviii. f. 185. 186.) Turbo tortuosus, Chemn. xi. t. 195, A. f. 1882. 1883. T. oblonga, pupiforme, alba, tenui, lucida; anfractibus 7, rotundatis, obsoletissimé striatis, ultimo compressiusculo, prope aperturam subcoarctato, exserto; sutura distincta ; apertura circulari; peritremate continuo, reflexo, infra interné canaliculato ; umbilico parvo, carinato, carina usque ad mar- ginem peritrematis continua. Shell oblong, pupiform, white, thin, shining, with 7 rounded volutions, which are obsoletely striated, the last of them somewhat compressed, and slightly contracted near the aper- ture, exserted; suture distinct; aperture circular; peritreme continuous, reflected, with a small canal internally at the lower part; umbilicus small, surrounded by a keel which continues to the lower margin of the peritreme. From the Nicobar Isles, Chemn. 173. C. aurum. (pl. xxviii. f. 187.) nob. T. acuminato-turrita, crassiuscula, fusca, levi, tenuissime striata, apice obtusiusculo; anfractibus 7—8, subrotundatis, sutura distincta, tenui; apertura circulari, labio subincrassato, reflexo patente, duplici, mergine externo magis expanso, intts canali parva ad basin columellarem munito ; umbilico mediocri extus carina obtusa marginato; operculo corneo, tenui, mul- tispirali. Shell rather acuminated, turreted, thickish, dark brown, smooth, very finely striated; apex rather obtuse ; volutions 7 or 8, somewhat rounded, with a distinct slender suture; aperture nearly circular, the lip rather thickened, reflected, double, the outer margin more spread than the inner, furnished with a small canal within at the base of the colu- mella; umbilicus moderate, bordered externally by a small obtuse keel; operculum horny, thin, multispiral. On trunks of trees, in the mountains of the Isle of Negros. H. Cuming. 174. C. PUPINIFORME (pl. xxvill. f. 188.) nod. T. subcylindrico-turrita, crassiuscula, obscura, fusca, levi, tenuissimé striata, apice subabrupté acuminato; anfractibus 6, subrotundatis, sutura valida; apertura circulari, peritre- mate discontinuo; labio externo subincrassato, revoluto, flavido, ad basin columellarem canali angustissima spirali -4interrupto; deinde superné latiori, demum supra ultimum 153 anfractum levitér expanso; umbilico parvo, carina obtusa marginato, hacce carina externam partem canalis angustissimi ad basin columellz efformante. Shell subcylindrical, turreted, rather thick, smooth, dull, brown, very finely striated ; apex rather abruptly acuminated ; volutions 6, rather rounded, with a well marked suture aperture circular, peritreme discontinuous ; outer li p thickened, reflected, yellowish, interrupted with a very narrow spiral canal at the base of the columella, then rather broader, and at length thinly spread over a part of the last volution ; umbilicus small, bordered with an obtuse keel, which forms the outside of the very narrow canal at the base of the columella. Found upon trunks of trees, near St. Juan, in the Island of Lugon, by Mr. Cuming. 753 Co.mEnus. (pl. xxx. f. 249.) nod. T. ovato-oblonga, cylindracea, tenui, hyalina,levi, spira ob- tusd, apice quasi truncata ; anfractibus 4—5 , ventricosis, primis duobus ad 3, minimis, transversim costellatis; apertura circu- lari, peritremate reflexo ; umbilico nullo. Shell ovate-oblong, cylindrical, thin, hyaline, smooth, shining, spire obtuse, with its apex, as it were, truncated ; volutions 4—5, ventricose, the first 2—3 very small, trans- versely costellated; aperture circular, peritreme reflected, umbilicus none. Found under decayed leaves in the Islands of Zebu and Panay, by Mr. Cuming. Obs. Fig. 154 CYCLOSTOMA. 1&2. C. Suturale, Sp. 1. .. asperulum, 2. .. translucidum, 46. .... pusillum, 10. .... Semistriatum, 3. .. Orbella, 7. .... Brasiliense, 4. .. giganteum, 5. .. corrugatum, 14. .. Jamaicense, 15. .... filosum. 16. .. clathratulum, 17. .. politum, 18. .. succineum. 51. .... lucidum. 19, .... Listeri, 20. .. ligatum, 21. ... affine, 22. .... Ortyx, 24. .. undulatum, 25. .. sulcatum, 27. .... elegans, 30. .... Marmoreum, 31. .. rufescens, 11. .... distinctum, 47. .... glaucum, 28. .. plebeium, 12. 46 55 58. —— 43. 48. 51. 53. 62. Fig. 41. 42.—Cornu-venatorium 44.... eae 47. Ce PARE SOG S258% 54, LIST OF PLATES XXIII ro XXXI. All the figures are of the natural size, except when otherwise specified : none are reduced. 48. pupiforme, 34. mamillare, 35. ... aurantiacum, 36. simile, 37. tenellum, 38. Siculum, 40. ... Melitense, 41. 5576... SE ote GOs. Gls... ferrugineum, 42. dissectum, 43. semilabrum, 44. .Tufilabrum, 45. .... levigatum, 49. .... elongatum, 50, . fasciatum, 52. .... favulum, 53. .. Cumingii, 54. .. flavum, 55. wolnea, (G. . ... Nconspicuum, 56 .... Spurcum, 26. .. cincinnus, 32. .. fulvescens, 23. .. bilabiatum, 57. .... planorbulum, 58. .... discoideum, 60. *f. 60 is erroneously referred to in the text. Fig. 155 $9. 90. ... vittatum, 62, Ol aa .... exiguum, 63. ... Mexicanum, 64. .... distomella, 68. .... Substriatum, 67. .... Oculus-Capri, 73. ... Desmoulinsii, 97. .. cariniferum, 69. .... Semisulcatum, 96. 100,/ IOLe.: 102, 103s 104... 105. 106. 1075: FOS. LO9s! 110. 112. 127 140.-142. .. 437 44S. 145 SAGs. [ave 148: 149°. 150s Loa. Poe aoe mucronatum, 66. Petiverianum, 74. Turbo, 75. citrinum, 76. ... unifasciatum, 81. .. candidum, 77. Naticoide, 78. ... albicans, 79. LASS -t 114. 116.... LI sss TIS. AZO; s-- 1d ee W228 s2 = 13%. =. 124. ... 252... 126... oe. 129. 1305.5, Pate L322 133°"... ; 154.-155-2...). 136, 137... WS7 139%... calcareum, 80. Involvulus, 82. . carinatum, 83. unicarinatum, 84, . bicarinatum, 85. tricarinatum, 86. .rugosum, 87. obsoletum, 88. obsoletum var.88 . Volvulus, 89. . Perdix, 90. Tuba, 91. Aquilum, 92. validum, 93. irroratum, 94. Luzonicum. 70. . acutimarginatum, 95. . canaliterum, 71. . pulchrum, 117. fimbriatulum,118. scabriculum, 119. Lincinum, 138. Lincinellum, 137. interruptum, 141. Fig. L546 155,456.03 157. Las: 164. ... LGS.45- 166.1672; 168. Wgcrinl Wf 5 AS tone TSSs oc 196. 1975 -- 198. 208.-210. ... 2s Ae}. 213. 214. ... .album, 139. Chemnitzii, 140. ... pictum, 142. Ua eee LGOs AG1.,:. 162. 163. ... subasperum, 143. .articulatum, 144. thysanorhaphe, 145. mirabile, 153. Labeo, 154. .rugulosum, 155. ... chlorostoma, 156. L692 1/Os<: Wakes i Wp Bes L73inse LAt Pa L7G. Ue iors .., quaternatum, 165 180. ... VSL. 182.08 183. 184.... 185. 186.... DST see ES8=-.. LSS: HOO! VO. Looe: ISS... obscurum, 157. . patulum, 159. maculatum, 160. auritum, 162. tessellatum. 158. crenulatum, 163. Fascia, 164. Antillarum, 168. tortum, 169. ventricosum, 170. tortuosum, 172. altum, 173, , pupiniforme, 174. .. Sauliz, 152. croceum, 167. virgatum, 111. Goudotianum, 110. Banksianum, 148 xanthostoma. 149 . Pileus. 128. ... hnguiferum, 98. 1932... 200s. -:- 201.-204.... 205.-207..... cinctum, 107. pyrostoma, 108. tigrinum, 100. Philippinarum, ao: lingulatum, 101. stramineum, 8. cingulatum, 9. 156 .... Stainforthn, 129. . .. Cuvierianum, 72. ....deeve, 120. .... concinnum, 122. oo. mitidum #2) .... luteostoma, 125 .... atricapillum, 130. .... Insigne, 132. .... goniostoma, 131. .... acuminatum, 133, .... atramentarium, 105. .... ciliatum, 102. .... Panayense, 105. ...: Fibula, 426. .... perplexum, 127. .... Helicoide, 103. .... gibbum, 135. ... minus. 175. .... Harveyanum, 106. .... Minutissimum. magnified, 33. .. vitreum, 124. .... pygmeum, 39. .... parvum, 29. .... maculosum, 65. .... flexilabrum, 112. i) Pretrei, 136: .... Stenostoma, 13. .... Lithidion, 61. .... pulchellum, 109. .... tenue, 134. .... clausum, 104. 3.) getericumas 113. .... Spiraculum, 59. .... Guimarasense, 115. .... megacheilus, 114. .... auriculatum, 171. ... obesum, 146. .... Sagra, 166. .... latilabrum, 116. .... pudicum, 147. .... Candeanum. 151. .... Aubereanum, 150 .... Striolatum, 161. AXT// . 4 te ~~ ab n . o ne + LYVT re 4 1 oS ae) Z cd . ' - wy a >in, hy ae ~_ we , 2a AVIT FERRE i . ‘ 1 - ; ‘ ‘ o * r . Va ve f 7 i : ; ae a r ” 7 ‘-3 ban + ney - * . eget ‘ a we .F - * ‘ ’ Dw , vie [ & cr ‘ cf i ' + ‘ Rs e f] ’ o (a 7 : a) i 2 - x e “ * f 3 « om ‘ ! i i i a LY ? 4 = dl : ‘ : . 6 tT ‘< (| fig. 217. 218. 219, imeluded ) (4: GES Trae 157* DESCRIPTIONS OF SOME ADDITIONAL SPECIES OF THE GENUS CYCLOSTOMA. FIGURED IN SUPPLEMENTARY Piates XXXI. A. and XXXI1. B. 176. CycLostoma zeBrinum (Tab. Suppl. xxxi. a, f. 287, 288), Benson. Cyclostoma zebrinum, Benson, Journ. of Asiatic Soc. of Calcutta, 1836, vol. v. p. 355. C. test& suborbiculari, albidd, strigis pluribus rufo-castaneis, angulato-flexuosis pict ; spiri subdepresso-conicd, subacuminata ; anfractibus quatuor, carinatis, plicis paucis transversalibus dis- tantibus, ultimo rugis undulatis longitudinalibus sculptis; suturd distincté; apertura circulari, peritremate incrassato, albo, reflexo ; umbilico mediocri; epidermide crassa, fusca, plicis longitudinali- bus, his setis fortibus munitis, instructa. A rather thin shell, of a pale colour, varied with reddish chest- nut angular streaks and lines, and with a thick fuscous epidermis, covered with longitudinal folds, which are furnished with strong bristles ; spire rather depressed, conical, and somewhat acumi- nated ; volutions four, carimated and irregularly spirally striated, irregular obsolete ridges on the last volution, few, distant; suture distinct ; aperture circular, with a thickened, white, reflected peritreme ; umbilicus of moderate size. India. Benson. From C. perdia it differs in its sculpture, its more developed keel, more contracted umbilical cavity, and in its possession of a singular epidermis. In C. yerdix the marks are white, mottled on a chestnut ground ; in C. zebrinum they consist of distant zigzag flames of ight chestnut on a white ground. 177. Cycrosroma MapacascartensE (Tab. Suppl. xxxi. a, f. 289), Gray. C. testi globoso-conoidali, albicante, fusco spiraliter lineatd et fasciata; spiri subacuminatd ; anfractibus rotundatis, lvibus, ultimo ventricoso, subcarmato, carind alba; apertura circulari, intus castaned ; peritremate pallidé aurantiaco, lato, extiis ex- panso, supra umbilicum subrevoluto ; umbilico majusculo, spiraliter suleato. Shell of a conical globose form, whitish, with spiral fuscous a* lines and bands ; spire somewhat acuminated, whorls five to six, rounded, smooth, the last ventricose, shghtly carinated, carina white ; aperture circular, chestnut-coloured within; peritreme pale orange-coloured, broad, spreading outwards, somewhat re- flected over the umbilicus, which is rather large and_ spirally grooved within. Our figure 125, which we have given as a variety of C. odso- letum, should rather have been given as C. Madagascariense, vav., Gray, and the synonym under C. obsoletum should be omitted. The operculum is testaceous and of few volutions. Madagascar. 178. Cycrosroma Stamense (Tab. Suppl. xxxi. a, f. 292, 293), nobis. C. testi depresso-subglobosi, albida, strigis maculisque casta- neis angulariter flexuosis pict; spira subdepresso-conici, subacu- minata ; anfractibus 31, rotundatis, ultimo maximo, ventricoso ; sutura distincté, tenu1; apertura circulari, maxima, intts alba ; peritremate incrassato, pallidé aurantiaco, rotundato, reflexo ; um- bilico majusculo. Shell of a somewhat depressed globose form, whitish with angular markings and streaks of a chestnut-colour; spire some- what depressed, conical, slightly acuminated ; whorls 33, rounded, the last very large, ventricose, with a distinct hnear suture ; aperture very large, circular, white within; peritreme thickened, of a pale orange-colour, rounded and reflected ; umbilicus rather large. ‘The entire surface of the shell is covered with very minute granules, irregularly arranged in spiral rows. Siam. 179. CycLosroma xanTHocHEttus (Tab. Suppl. xxxi. a, f. 294, 295), nobis. ©. testi conico-subglobosi, levi, aurantiaco-brunned, fusco uni- vel bifasciati ; spird subelevato-conicd, obtusiusculé ; anfrac- tibus quinque, rotundatis, primis unifasciatis, ultimo pallidé bifas- ciato ; sutura distincté; apertura circulari, ints purpureo-nigri- cante ; peritremate aurantiaco, subincrassato, reflexo, postict subexpanso, supra umbilicum revoluto ; umbilico parvo ; operculo subtestaceo, paucispiralt. Shell somewhat conical, globose, smooth, orange-brown, with one or two fuscous spiral bands; spire rather elevated, conical, shghtly obtuse ; volutions five, rounded, the posterior having one 159* band, the last two pale bands ; aperture circular, dark purplish- black within ; peritreme brownish orange-coloured, rather thick- ened, reflected, slightly spreading posteriorly, and somewhat revolute over the umbilicus, which is small ; operculum externally testaceous, internally horny, of few volutions. Madagascar. Mus. Cuming. 180. Cyctostoma zonuLatuM (Tab. Suppl. xxxi. a, f. 296, 297), Férussac, MS. C. test& globoso-conic4, albicante, fusco-zonulaté ; spird levato- conica, acuminati, apice obtusiusculo ; anfractibus quinque, rotundatis, posticé carinis quatuor ad quinque tenuibus, anticé struis validis instructis ; suturd distincta ; apertura circular, peri- tremate lato, albo, extiis expanso, intiis supra umbilicum posticé revoluto, anticé angustato ; umbilico parvo, stris nonnullis validis instructo ; operculo testaceo, paucispirali. Shell globose-conical, whitish, girdled anteriorly with narrow fuscous zones ; spire elevated, conical, acuminated ; its apex rather obtuse ; volutions five, rounded, posteriorly with from four to five slender keels, and anteriorly with well-marked striz ; suture distinct ; aperture circular ; peritreme white, broad, spread- ing outwards, and posteriorly revolute over the umbilicus on the columellar side; umbilicus small, spirally grooved within ; oper- culum testaceous, of few volutions, white. Mus. Cuming. 181. Cyctosroma taxatum (Tab. Suppl. xxx. a, f. 302), nobis. C. test&é orbiculari-depressi, albidi, epidermide aurantiaco- brunned induti; spird depress’, apice rufescente ; anfractibus quatuor, rotundatis, rugulosis, ultimo zonis duabus, alter’ albida, altera fuscd, striis incrementi validis; apertura subdepresso-cir- culari, posticé prope ultimum anfractum paulisper angulata ; peritremate tenui, anticé paululim reflexo ; umbilico maximo, anfractibus quatuor conspicuis. Shell of a depressed orbicular form, whitish, covered with a thick orange-brown epidermis; spire depressed, with a rufous apex; volutions four, rounded, covered not only with distinct lines of growth, but also with irregular rugulosities, with two narrow zones, the posterior white, the other fuscous, in front of which the epidermis is more darkly coloured ; aperture not quite circular, but very slightly elliptical, and with a shght angle pos. b* 160* teriorly close to the last volution ; peritreme thin, anteriorly very slightly reflected ; umbilicus very large, showing internally the four volutions. ‘The shell is somewhat diaphanous, so that the white and dark- brown zones are distinctly seen within the aperture. Columbia. Mus. Cuming. 82. CycLosroma TExTURATUM (Tab. Suppl. xxxi. a, f. 303), nobis. C. testa depresso-suborbiculari, albidi, epidermide crassiuscula olivaceo-brunne’i induté ; spird brevissimaé, obtusa, anfractibus quingue, rotundatis, irregulariter rugulosis seu sulcis irregularibus undulatis circumdatis ; suturd distinct’; apertura feré circulari, posticé prope anfractum ultimum subangulari, intis albicante ; peritremate tenw ; umbilico maximo. Shell suborbicular, depressed, whitish, coated with a thickish olive-brown epidermis ; spire very short, obtuse ; volutions five, rounded, entirely covered with irregular undulated grooves, giving it somewhat the appearance of bemg woven ; suture distinct ; aperture nearly circular, slightly angular posteriorly close to the last volution, whitish within; peritreme thin; umbilicus very large. From the Province of Guatemala, Central America. Cuming. 183. CycLostoma tncomptum (Tab. Suppl. xxx. a, f. 298, 299), nobis. C. testi depresso-suborbiculari, albi, epidermide olivaceo-brun- nei induti ; spird brevi, obtusi ; anfractibus 44, rotundatis, oblique lineis increment validis striatis ; sutura distincta ; aper- turd fere circulari, postice prope ultimum anfractum sinuata, exttis tuberculam fornicatam formante ; peritremate anticé incrassata ; umbilico magno. Shell suborbicular, depressed, white, covered with an olive- brown epidermis ; spire short, obtuse; volutions 44, rounded, obliquely striated by the strongly marked lines of growth; suture distinct ; aperture nearly circular, with a sinus posteriorly close to the last volution, forming a vaulted tubercle externally ; peri- treme thin, a little thickened in front ; ; umbilicus very large. This is one of the genus Plerocyclos, of Benson; we do not know its locality, but suppose it to be Indian. It is im Mr. Cuming’s Collection. Tei* 184. Cyciostoma supptscorpEuM (Tab. Suppl. xxxi. 4, f. 304, 305), nobis. C. test suborbiculari, subdiscoided, spiraliter lirata, albicante, zona interrupta, pallidé fuscd, ornati ; spird depresso-conici, ob- tusi; anfractibus quatuor, rotundatis ; suturd subcanaliculata ; apertura circulari; peritremate tenui, albido, paululiim reflexo ; umbilico maximo, anfractibus quatuor distinctis. Shell suborbicular, rather discoid, spirally grooved, whitish, with an interrupted zone of a pale brownish colour ; spire de- pressedly conical, obtuse ; volutions four, rounded ; suture very slightly channeled ; aperture circular ; peritreme thin, whitish, slightly reflected, and spreading a little posteriorly over the last volution ; umbilicus very large, showing the four volutions within. 185. Cyctostoma pepressum (Tab. Suppl. xxxi. 4, f. 306, 307), nobis. C. testa suborbiculari, albidd ; spird depressd, apice prominulo, obtuso; anfractibus quatuor, rotundatis, levibus, superné spi- raliter striatis, mediané subcarinatis ; suturd distinctd ; apertura feré circulari, peritremate tenui, subreflexo, supra ultimum anfrac- tum paululiim extenso; umbilico maximo, inttis levi. Shell suborbicular, whitish, slightly clouded with very pale brown; spire depressed, its apex somewhat prominent, obtuse ; volutions four, rounded, smooth, their upper half spirally striated, slightly keeled near the middle; suture distinct ; aperture nearly circular, with a thin, white, slightly reflected peritreme, which is slightly extended over the last volution; umbilicus very large ; - smooth inside. Nearest to C. Lithidion, but easily distinguished by its flat spire with an elevated apex. 186. CycLostoma susrucosum (Tab. Suppl. xxxi. 4, f. 308, 309), nobis. C. testé suborbiculari, depress, rugulosi, alba ; spira depressa, obtusa, apice prominulo ; anfractibus quatuor, rotundatis, posticé depressiusculis ; suturd distincté, lined obsoleta subsuturali no- tata; apertura feré circulari; peritremate posticé subincrassato, intis prope umbilicum tenw, ab ultimum anfractum disjuncto ; umbilico magno, anticé carinato. Shell suborbicular, depressed, slightly corrugated, white ; spire b* 2 Lez depressed, obtuse, shghtly prominent at the apex ; volutions four, rounded, slightly depressed posteriorly ; suture distinct, marked with a nearly obsolete line in front; aperture nearly circular ; peritreme slightly thickened posteriorly, thm on the side of the umbilicus, separated from the last volution ; umbilicus large, an- teriorly keeled. This species is related to C. corrugatum. Jamaica. 187. CycLostoma votvuorpes (Tab. Suppl. xxxi. 4, f. 312, 313), nobis. C. testa subgloboso-conicé, pallida, pallidé fulvescente zonata et sphacelata ; spiré subacuminaté, apice obtusiusculo ; anfractibus quinque, rotundatis, raptim majoribus, posticé spiraliter liratis, anticé levigatis ; suturd distinct’ ; apertura feré circulari, superné subcanalifera, peritremate albo, subincrassato, reflexo, prope umbi- licum tenu, anticd extenso : gull subaurantiach ; ; umbilico magno, inttis spiraliter striato. Shell somewhat globosely conical, of a light colour, with pale brownish bands and marks; spire slightly acuminate, with its apex rather obtuse ; volutions five, rounded, increasing rapidly in size, posteriorly spirally grooved, anteriorly smooth ; ‘suture dis- tinct ; aperture nearly circular, slightly canaliculate at the upper part ; peritreme white, someniiat thickened, reflected, thin and spreading forward on the side of the umbilicus, which is large and spirally grooved ; the throat is somewhat orange-coloured. 188. CycLostoma pELiciosum (Tab. Suppl. xxxi. 4, f. 314, 315), Hérussae. C. test& subgloboso-conici, aurantiaco-castaned, albo-lineata ; spird subacuminata, apice obtusiusculo; anfractibus 44, rotun- datis, posticis unicarinatis, ultimo bi- vel tricarinato, carinis albis ; sutura subinconspicua, albicante ; apertura feré circulari, superne subcanalifer’, peritremate tenuiusculo, reflexo, extts albicante, inttis castaneo; umbilico magno, obsolete spiraliter paucistriato, lined albicante unicd exttis marginato ; operculo crassiusculo, albicante, paucispiralt. Shell rather globosely conical, of an orange-chestnut colour, with white spiral lines ; spire shghtly acumimated, with a rather obtuse apex ; volutions 43, rounded, the first with a single keel, the last with two or three keels, which are white; suture rather indistinct, white ; aperture nearly circular, with a very slight 163* canal posteriorly ; peritreme rather thin, reflected, outer part whitish, within chestnut-colour ; umbilicus large, with a few somewhat obsolete spiral strie, and bordered externally with a single white line ; operculum rather thick, whitish, and paucispiral. Madagascar. 189. Cyctosroma GuayaQuiLenss (‘Tab. Suppl. xxxi. 4, f. 319), nobis. C. testi subgloboso-depressd, fulvescente, brunneo spiraliter lineaté ; spird subacuminata, brevi, apice obtusiusculo, rufescente ; anfractibus quatuor, rotundatis ; suturd distincta; apertura circu- lari, peritremate tenuiusculo; umbilico magno, levi, lineis incre- mentis tenerrimis solummodo conspicuis. Shell depressedly subglobose, of a dull fulvous colour, with brown spiral lines ; spire shghtly acuminated, short, with a rather obtuse rufous apex; volutions four, rounded; suture distinct ; aperture circular ; peritreme thin; umbilicus large, smooth, only marked with extremely slender lines of growth. Guayaquil ; Delatire. Mus. Cuming. 190. Cyctosroma Iyptcum (Tab. Suppl. xxxi. 4, f. 320, 321), Deshayes, Lam. Anim. sans vert. vil. p. 363. C. testé turbinato-conicé, suborbiculari, subdepressa, fusca, albo-rutilante marmoraté ; spiri brevi, subacuminatd, apice ob- tuso; anfractibus 53, convexis, liris spiralibus tribus vel quatuor elevatis, strus tenworibus interjectis ; ultimo anfractu ad. periphe- riam zoni nigrescente cincto; suturd distincté; apertura circu- lari, posticé subcanalifera, intis alba, peritremate subincrassato, revoluto, albido, nonnunquam subaurantiaco ; umbilico maximo, margine subcarimato; operculum tenue, corneum, anfractibus septem ad octo. Shell of a rather depressed, suborbicular, conical, turbinate form, and of a dark-brown colour, variously mottled with brownish- white; spire short, slightly acuminated, with an obtuse apex ; volutions 54, convex, with three or four slightly elevated spiral lines, with slender intervening striz ; last volution with a dark- brown, nearly black zone near the middle ; suture distinct ; aper- ture circular, with a very slight channel posteriorly, white within ; peritreme thickened, revolute, whitish, somewhat light orange- brown; umbilicus very large, slightly keeled at the outer edge ; operculum thin, horny, with seven to eight volutions. Ceylon, Capt. Templeton. Mus. Cuming. Madras, Mr. Benson. Khasya Hills, Mr. Lear. 164* 191. Cyctostoma Drsnayestanum (Tab. Suppl. xxxi. 4, f. 326, 327), Petit, Kuster, I. 19. t. 25. f. 8-10. Cycl. gratum, Pérussac, MS. C. test’ suborbiculari, depressi, subdiscoided, spiraliter lirata, fulvescente ; spird brevissima, obtusi; anfractibus quatuor, rotun- datis, spiraliter liratis, posticé plerumque liris acutis, lineis incre- menti decussatis, anticé striatis, strus plus minusve validis ; sutura subdistincté; apertura circulari, intis aurantiaci, peritre- mate duplici, interno albo, incrassato, ad ultimum anfractum in- * terrupto, externo lamellari, extenso, latiusculo ; umbilico maximo, ints spiraliter striato. Shell nearly orbicular, depressed, subdiscoid, of a light fulvous colour; spire very short, obtuse ; volutions four, rounded, with distinct, elevated, sharp-edged spiral lines, which are decussated by indistinct lines of growth, particularly on the posterior part of the shell; the shell is also spirally striated anteriorly, the strie being more or less prominent ; suture rather indistinct ; aperture circu- lar, orange-coloured within, with a double peritreme, the imner of which is thick, prominent, and white, and interrupted at its junc- tion with the last volution; the outer is lamellar, broad, and spread out; the umbilicus is very large and internally spirally striated. In Mr. Cuming’s collection are two specimens which appear to belong to two distinct varieties: the one with an indistinct suture and very slender spiral striz anteriorly ; the other with a distmet suture and strongly marked spiral lines anteriorly. 192. CycLostoma BITUBERCULATUM (Tab. Suppl. xxxi. a, f. 290, 291), nobis. C. test4 oblongo-pyramidali, ventricosiusculd, crass, albicante, spire apice decollato, obtuso ; anfractibus quinque, levibus, transversim subundulatim obsoleté striatis ; apertura circular, peritremate externo incrassato, exttis revoluto, posticé contra ulti- mum anfractum in nodulum desinente, deinde umbilicum versus angusto, demim supra umbilicum nodulum alterum formante ; umbilico feré clauso, margine angulato. Shell oblong, pyramidal, rather ventricose, thick, of a dull whitish colour, apex of the spire decollated, obtuse ; volutions five, smooth, with nearly obsolete, shghtly undulated, transverse striae ; aperture circular, with a light-coloured, very much thickened external peritreme, revolute outwards, posteriorly against the last volution forming a small lobe, then narrow to- 165* wards the umbilicus, and at length forming another lobe nearly covering the umbilicus, whose margin is angular ; operculum horny, multispiral. Larger, more solid, and smoother than C. auriculatum, and differmg from that species in its much thicker, revolute peritreme, forming two distinct lobes, one of which nearly covers the um- bilicus. West Indies. Mus. Cuming. 193. Cycnostoma pucussatum (Tab. Suppl. xxxi. a, f. 300, 301), nobis. C. testa oblong4, pyramidali, fusca seu fusco-nigricante decus- satim suleati ; apice decollato; anfractibus quatuor, rotundatis ; -suturd valida, crenulata ; apertura subelliptica, peritremate duplici, interno tenuiusculo, sublevato, externo latiusculo, reflexo, umbili- cum parvum subtegente. Shell oblong, pyramidal, fuscous or blackish, decussately grooved, with an obtuse decollated apex ; volutions four, rounded ; suture distinct, crenulated ; aperture somewhat elliptical, slightly acuminated posteriorly ; peritreme double, inner narrow, slightly elevated, outer rather wide, reflected, partly covering the small umbilicus. West Indies. Mus. Cuming. 194. Cyctostoma Copanenss (Tab. Suppl. xxxi. 4, f. 310, 311), nobis. C. test& acuminato-turrita (plerumque decollata), levi, tenuis- simé striata, nitida, olivaceo-fulva ; spird elongata ; anfractibus sex, rotundatis ; sutura distincta ; apertura circulari ; peritremate duplici, interno tenui, angusto, porrecto, ad ultimum anfractum interrupto, externo lato, lamellari, extenso, subinflexo, ad ulti- mum anfractum porrecto, emarginato, flexuoso ; umbilico mediocri, extls carinato; operculo corneo, multispirali, lamelloso, intiis stylo brevi, centrali, margine incrassato. Shell acutely turreted (usually decollated), very finely longitu- dinally striated, but smooth and somewhat shining, of an oliva- ceous fulvous colour; the remaining volutions of the lengthened spire after decollation are in general six ; they are rounded, and the suture is distinct ; aperture circular, with a double peritreme, the inner of which is thin, narrow and projected forward, and interrupted at the last volution; the outer is broad, lamellar, spreading, slightly inflected, and flexuous, notched and projected 166* forward close to the last volution ; the umbilicus is of moderate size, externally carinated ; operculum horny, multispiral, lamellar, with a short central point within, and a thickened edge. Copan, Province of Guatemala im Central America. Mus. Cuming. 195. CycLostoma FuNIcULATUM (Tab. Suppl. xxx. 4, f. 316, 317), Benson, Journ. of Asiatic Society, 1838, vol. vii. p. 217. C. test cylindraceo-turrita, leviusculd, nitidd, olivaceo-fulva ; spira obtusiuscalé; anfractibus septem, subrotundatis, posticis tenerrimé striatis, ultimo ruguloso, posticé striato ; suturi dis- tincta, tenui ; apertura circulari; peritremate incrassato, rotundato- reflexo, subaurantiaco ; umbilico parvo, extus carina valid ceelata munito. Shell of a cylindrically turreted form, smooth, shining, of an olivaceous fulvous colour ; spire rather obtuse, with seven slightly rounded volutions, which are very finely striated posteriorly, and the last of which is rather rugulose and posteriorly striated ; suture distinct and slender; aperture circular ; peritreme thick- ened, rounded and reflected, of a dull orange-colour; umbilicus small, furnished externally with a distinct embossed carina. Khasya Hills, India. In Mr. Benson’s and Mr. Cuming’s Collections. 196. CycLostoMaA PAUPERCULUM (‘Tab. Suppl. xxxi. 4, f. 318), Novis. C. testé cylindraceo-turrita, nitidd, olivaceo-fulva ; spira obtusi- usculd ; anfractibus sex, subrotundatis, tenerrimé lineis incrementi striatis (erosione nonnunquam rugulosis) ; suturd distincté, pro- fundiuscula ; apertura feré circulari; peritremate subincrassato, rotundato-reflexo, prope ultimum anfractum subfoliaceo, subinter- rupto; umbilico parvo, lined subobsoleté cireumambiente. Shell small, cylindrically turreted, shining, of an olivaceo-ful- vous colour; spire rather obtuse, with six slightly rounded volu- tions, very finely striated with the lines of growth (sometimes rendered slightly rugulose by erosion); suture distinct, rather deep ; aperture nearly circular ; peritreme slightly thickened, rounded, and reflected, very slightly foliaceous and interrupted at the last volution; wmbilicus small, surrounded by a somewhat obsolete raised line. Bootan. Benson. 167* 197. Cycnosroma tia (Tab. Suppl. xxxi. 4, f. 324, 325), Adams. . C. testi oblongo-pyramidali, decollataé, fuscd ; anfractibus quatuor, teretibus, confertim decussato-striatis, asperrimis ; sutura lati, profundd; aperturd circulari ; peritremate dilatato, late expanso, lamellari, superné latiori ; umbilico majusculo, spiraliter tricarinato ; operculo testaceo; lamelld externa spirali, reflexa, striata, Shell oblong, pyramidal, decollated, brown ; volutions four, rounded, very rough with close-set decussated strie ; suture broad and deep ; aperture circular, peritreme dilated, broadly ex- panded, lamellar, broader superiorly ; umbilicus rather large, with ‘three spiral keels ; operculum shelly, with an externally reflected spiral lamella. Jamaica. 198. Cyctostoma Brrascratum (Tab. Suppl. xxxi. 4, f. 322, 325), nobis. C. testi oblong’, acuminato-turrita, pallida; anfractibus sep- tem, rotundatis, levibus, ultimo fusco-bifasciato ; suturé distincta ; apertura subcireulari, superné acuminata ; peritremate duplici, in- crassato, externo incrassato, reflexo, interno tenui, angusto ; um- bilico parvo. An oblong, acuminately turreted shell, of a pale colour, with seven smooth, rounded volutions, the last of which has two brown bands; suture distinct ; aperture nearly circular, acuminated superiorly ; peritreme thickened, double, the outer being thick- neh ane reflected, and the inner thin and narrow; umbilicus small. Found near Guayaquil, by M. Delattre. c* 168* CYCLOSTOMA. eee LIST OF FIGURES IN SUPPLEMENTARY PLATES XXXI. 4., XXXI. B. Puate XXXI. A. Fig. 287, 288. C. zebrinum, sp. 176. 289. — Madagascariense, 177. 290, 291. — bituberculatum, 192. 292, 293. — Siamense, 178. 294, 295. — xanthocheilus, 179. 296, 297. — zonulatum, 180. 298, 299. —— incomptum, 183. 300, 301. —— decussatum, 193. 302, — laxatum, 181. 303. — texturatum, 182. Prats XXXII. B. 304, 305. C. subdiscoideum, 184. 306, 307. — depressum, 185. 308, 309. — subrugosum, 186. 310, 311. — Copanense, 194. 312, 313. — volvuloides, 187. 314, 315. — deliciosum, 188. 316, 317. — funiculatum, 195. 318. — pauperculum, 196. 319. — Guayaquilense, 189. 320, 321. — Indicum, 190. 322, 323. — bifasciatum, 198. 324, 325. — lima, 197. 326, 327. — Deshayesianum, 191. ‘ Nipplementary PLXYXIB 7. sh oe Rem oe oo ~ : = : —s : > ‘ - . . ‘ . . fe. ? ; . ( %s ‘ ' ~, a ; ° = A ; tc’; ‘ ; . . : ae - + Th . 7 : 4 : - . : 7 ¥ p 34 * a ho ¥ ; ’ “! =“ 7 F we ub >% Lit . we : af : = , ' : wm f , Y : ' : < : : "he i - 7 AY iA a ; “ s. . F ; © r o me J ; i i ¢ , ‘ be - ' 4 Vint ‘ ’ : ; fn ‘\ ‘ ; ’ 5 7 . . i é ab: tie ’ ry f) ; - . . i ¥ ’ E . * ~ ee t a - * 4 » a o Pe ” Supplementary £1. XXAL, Jd. 1 ’ ‘ . 3 , . ‘ a . 4 ry « é i] P 7 i + t an 7 ei . é ‘ . " . a ‘ : ' - . - ‘ pm « my \ 7 . ‘ ' « - 7 7 2 ; < i i bg - . = =) \ s i i ‘ * = . ry grit aN i t Ne 7 Fe % ‘ Oa ‘ : wt . 4 - . uJ S : " : ¢ e ‘ ‘ ; 5 * « y { 4 - ! = ~ f MW ; : - : ‘ = a id ' R « » an th : . ‘ ‘ 83 MONOGRAPH OF THE GENUS SCALARIA. Char. Gen. Molluscum marinum trachelipodum: testa spirali, pyramidali; varicibus concentricis; apertura sub- rotundata; margine crasso, integro: operculo corneo pauci- spirali. A genus of marine trachelipodous mollusca, with a spiral shell of a more or less pyramidal form, and a flat, horny operculum with a few spiral turns. The edges of the aper- ture are outwardly thickened at various periods of growth, forming external ribs or varices. The aperture is rounded or oval, with a thickened, entire margin. DESCRIPTION. 1. Sc. pretTiosa. pl. xxxii. f. 17.) Lam. Turbo Sca- aris, Linn. T. ventricosa, levi; laté perforata; anfractibus separatis, rotundatis ; varicibus 11—13 distantibus, subcrenulatis, lam- inatis, extantibus, paululum recurvis; apertura magna, ovali, anticé sub-quadrata: colore inter varices pallidé fulvo-purpu- rascente, apertura interné fulva. Obs. This is the well known “ Wentletrap,” which although more frequently met with now than formerly, is still an object of value when in good condition; and strikes even the uninitiated observer with the unrivalled beauty of its sculpture. China. 9. Se, Pareassi. (pl) xxx. f. 14,15, 16.) Keiner, Turbo Principalis, Padl/as (ut dicunt auctores nonnulli) var. f. 14. Sc. nicobarica, Beck; M.S. T. sub-ventricosa, levi, perforata; anfractibus sub-rotun- datis ; varicibus extantibus, laminatis, ad angulum posticum in dentem acutum productis; ad suturam junctis: apertura L 84 ovali-subquadrata; labio interno anticé extenso: colore, inter varices albas, fulvo vel castaneo. More narrow and pyramidal than Sc. pretiosa, with the whorls closer, the ribs more numerous, with a small tooth- like process at the upper angle of each. Catanuan, Philippines. 3. Sc. auaTa. (pl. xxxii. f. 10, 11.) Sow. Jun., var. f. 14. Isl. Nicobar. Zool. Proc. 1844. T. sub-ventricosa, levi, umbilicataé; anfractibus separatis ; varicibus 8, latis, distantibus, laminatis, laté extantibus, superné angulatis: apertura ovali, marginé sub-quadrata : colore, inter varices, in medio anfractuum, fulvo vel castaneo nigricante. Brought by Mr. Cuming from Catanuan, Isl. Luzon, Philip- pines. See observations on Sc. replicata. 4. Sc. FrasciaTA. (pl. xxxii, f.12, 13.) Sow. Jun., Zool Proc, 1844. T. Sc. alate similima, sed varicibus angustioribus, angulo magis elevato, acuto: apertura minori, margine acuminato. Also from Catanuan, Isl. Luzon, Philippines, by Mr. Cum- ing, see Sc. replicata. 5. Sc. MARMORATA. (pl. xxxu. f. 9.) Sow. Jun,, Zool Proc, 1844. T. Sc. alate similima, sed varicibus obtusé angulatis: colore, inter varices, fusco marmorato. From India, Mr. Cuming’s collection, see Sc. replicata. 6. Sc. REPLICATA. (pl. xxxil, f. 23, 24.) Sow. Jun., Zool Proc, 1844. T. sub ventricosa, brevi, levi; anfractibus separatis: vari- cibus 8, distantibus, laminatis, validé replicatis, superné ele- vatim angulatis, ad suturam junctis: colore albo. This species, and the three preceding, have an affinity with each other; each has the whorls disunited, with broad lami- nated, angulated, distant varices, which are united at the suture; those of Sc. alata, are flat and broad, the angle of each varix, is at some distance from the suture; those of Se. fasciata, have the angle much sharper, and higher in the whorl, and the shell is, altogether, more pyramidal: a similar form is observed in Sc. marmorata; but in this, the angle of the varices is very obtuse, and as low as that of alata, the varices are also much narrower, and slightly reflected; the shell is beautifully marbled with brown between the varices. 85 Sc. replicata, brought by Mr. Cuming from Lord Hood’s Island, is a short white shell, with a very acute angle on the upper part of each varix, near the suture. The varices are strongly folded back, so as to form a canal behind each. 7. Sc. HYALINA. (pl. xxxii. f. 21, 22.) Sow. Jun., Zool. Proc. 1844. T. tenui, glabr4; anfractibus laté separatis, angustis ; vari- cibus 6, distantibus, lacqueatis, extantibus; colore albo. This elegant little species has the whorls quite distinct from each other, not even united by the varices ; which are distant, laminated, and beautifully fluted. Brought by Mr. Cuming from Catanuan, Isl. Luzon, Philippines. 8. Sc. uaxara. (pl. xxxii, f. 8.) Sow. Jun., Zool. Proc. 1844, T. tenui, levi; anfractibus validé separatis: varicibus numerosis, sub-regularibus, laminatis, simplicibus ; apertura ovali: colore albo. The whorls are separated, as in Sc. hyalina, but the vari- ces are very numerous and simple. Brought from Catanuan, Isl. Luzon, Philippines, by Mr. Cuming. 9. Sc. pyrAmipA.is. (pl. xxxii. f. 4.) Sow.. Jun., Zool. Proc, 1844. T. pyramidali, acuminata, levi: anfractibus separatis vari- cibus 9, extantibus, sub-crenulatis, prope suturam in angu- lum acutum productis, ad suturam junctis; apertura ovali; labio interno crasso: colore albo. In some respects, resembling Sc. communis, but much less elongated, and with laminated, projecting varices, which have a sharp angle near the suture. Brought from Isl. Caminguing, Philippines, by Mr. Cum- ing ; we are also indebted to the Rev. J. F. Stainforth, for the complete specimen, which we have figured. 10. Sc. communis. (pl. xxxii. f. 18, 19, 20, 27, 28.) Lam. Turbo clathrus, Gmel. T. elongata, levi; anfractibus numerosis, paululim sepa- ratis: varicibus crassis, reflexis, sub-equalibus, sub-recumben- tibus, ad suturam plicatim junctis, colore purpureo fuscoque maculato et fasciato, vel griseo, vel albo. There is no reason for supposing, as Gmelin, Dillwyn, and other authors have done, that Linneus had his eye upon this common British species, when describing his Turbo clathrus. Great Britain. 86 il. Sc. ANGULATA. (pl. xxxul. f. 5.) Say, Boston Ame- rican journal, pl. 27, Sc. Humphreysii ; Kiener ? T. ovali, obtusa, levi: anfractibus paucis, separatis ; vari- cibus distantibus, crassis, superné angulatis, ad suturam junctis: apertura ovali, labio interno sub-expanso: colore albo. Much more oval and obtuse, than Sc. communis, with the whorls much less numerous in proportion to its bulk. It is found in some cabinets labelled ‘‘ West Indies ;” and is de- scribed by Mr. Say, as an American shell. 12. Sc. PHILIPPINARUM. (pl. xxxu. f. 1, 2,3.) Sow. June Zool. Proc. 1844. T. elongata, acuminata, levi; anfractibus numerosis, vix separatis ; varicibus distantibus, tenuis, obliquis, superné vix angulatis, ad suturam junctis: colore inter varices, pallidé fulvo, vel castaneo nigricante: variat colore albo. As in the case of some of the preceding and following species, the whorls are so far separated, that a fine thread might be passed between them. One variety is of a chesnut colour between the varices, which are white. Brought by Mr. Cuming from Catanuan, Isl. Luzon, and by Mr. Hinds from Amboyna. 13. Sc. ACULEATA. (pl. xxxul. f. 35, 36, and 37.) Sow. Jun., Zool. Proc, 1844. T. pyramidali, levi, acuminata; anfractibus vix separatis ; varicibus laminatis, reflexis, anticé sub-rotundatis, prope sutu- ram in dentem acutum productis, ad suturam plicatim junctis: variat varicibus crassis: colore albo, vel pallidé fulvo. Brought by Mr. Hinds from Hong Kong in China, the straits of Macassar, Malacca, and Amboyna. Also by Mr. Cuming from the Isle of Negroes, and the variety with thick ribs from Catanuan. 14. Sc. ‘araciuis. (pl. xxxi. f. 33, 34.) Sow. Jun., Zool. Proc. 1844. T. aculeata, similima, sed graciliori. Brought from Dumaguete, in the Isle of Negroes, by Mr. Cuming, and so much narrower than the preceding species, as perhaps, to justify the distinction which we have hesita- tingly made. 15. Sc. muricaTa. (pl. xxxu. f. 29, 31, 32.) Kiener, pl. 4 f. 11. T, pyramidali, levi, acuminata: anfractibus vix separatis : 87 varicibus distantibus, laminatis, latis, extantibus, posticé in angulum acutum productis; apertura ovali, labio interno sub- incrassato : colore albo. The varices of this species are broad, projecting, and flat, with an angle at some distance from the suture; the outline of the varix above the angle is curved inwards, so that the angle forms an elevated point. A common West Indian species. 16. S. Mirrarormis. (pl. xxxii. f. 30.) Sow. Jun. Zool. Proc. 1844. T. Sc. muricate similima, sed magis tenui; varicibus augustioribus, angulis magis elevatis; anfractibus magis distinctis: colore albo. The varices of this shell are less expanded, and the tooth- like angle more elevated than in Sc. muricata; the shell is also lighter and more elegantly formed. From Guacomayo, in Central America. The only specimen we have seen is in Mr. Cuming’s Collection. 17. Sc. TENUICOSTATA (pl. xxxiv. f. 76.) Sow. Junr. Zool. Proc. 1844. T. Sc. muricatz similima, sed magis ventricosa, apertura majori; colore albo. This species is so much more ventricose than Sc. muricata, as to render the separation necessary. The aperture is much larger. A small specimen was brought by Mr. Cuming from the Isle of Luzon, but the most characteristic specimens are unaccompanied by any information as to locality. 18. Sc. Tenuts. (pl. xxx. f. 6,7.) Sow. Jun. Zool. Proc. 1844. T. tenui, pyramidali, acuminata, levi; anfractibus vix contiguis; varicibus numerosis, laminatis, extantibus, regula- ribus, posticé rectangulatis, ad suturam inter se junctis; colore albo. A very common West Indian‘ shell, very thin and fragile with numerous sharp, laminar, angulated ribs. 19. Sc. DENTICULATA (pl. xxxil. f. 25. 26.) T. pyramidali, acuminati, tenui, spiraliter minuté striata ; anfractibus rotundatis, paululum separatis; varicibus numersis sub-recurvis, prope suturam in dentem acutum productis; apertura sub-rotundata, labio interno paululum incrassato: colore albo. Similar to the last, but striated and having a tooth-shaped 88 angle on each varix near the suture. Also from the West Indies. 20. Sc. FRAGILIS. (pl. xxxiiil. f. 64, 65, 66.) Hanley, Book of Species. T. pyramidali, acuminata, levi; anfractibus vix contiguis; varicibus numeroris, tenuis, laminatis, ad suturam paululum dilatatus et junctis; apertura ovali: colore albo. A common West Indian shell, which has been confounded with Sc. Clathrus and others. The ribs are widened at the suture, where they are joined with those of the whorl above them, so as to form a continuous line obliquely running up the spire. The colour is generally white, but figure 64 is taken from a dull-grey specimen in Mr. Cuming’s Collection from St. Vincents. 21. Sc. GuaBRATA. (pl. xxxiv. f. 101,) Hinds. Zool. Proc. 1843. T. pyramidali, acuminata, glabra; anfractibus vix contiguis; varicibus numerosis, tenuis, laminatis, ad suturam junctis, paululum dilatatis, reflexis, et in dentem acutum productis, colore palide fulvo, inter varices regulariter marmorato. Like the last, but the ribs rather fewer in number and slightly reflected and tooth-shaped at the suture. The younger specimens are beautifully marbled with pale fawn between the varices. Brought by Mr. Hinds from Maccassar and Mallacca. 22. Sc. GEORGETTINA. (pl. xxxiv. f. 77.) Keiner. T. Sub-elongata, levi; anfractibus vix contiguis; obliquis ; varicibus numerosis, sub-rotundatis, simplicibus, ad suturam junctis; colore albo. This shell, which was purchased by Mr. Cuming at Paris, appears on examination, to correspond with the figure and description of Keiner. The ribs are more numerous and rounded than in Sc. communiformis and more simple at the suture. 23. Sc. PRINCIPALIS. (pl. xxxiv. f. 75.) Pallas, Sc. cos- tulata, Keiner. T pyramidali, sub-ventricosa, tenui, levi; anfractibus vix contiguis; varicibus numerosis, laminatis, ad suturam dilatatis, irregulariter junctis; apertura magna; labio interno spiraliter incrassato, colore albo. The ribs are much more numerous, the shell more ventricose, and the whorls more rapidy increasing in size than 89 inSc.communiformis. Xipixappi, WestColumbia, Mr.Cuming. This shell agrees with Pallas’s figure, which is copied by Martini, in every respect but size. 24, Sc. oBiiqua. (pl. xxxiii. f. 69.) Sow. Jun. T. tenui, pyramidali; anfractibus obliquis, vix separatis ; varicibus numerosis, angulatis, laminatis. Colore albo. More slender and oblique than Sc. tenuis, with ribs less angular. From Mr. Cuming’s collection. 25. Sc. opesa. (pl. xxxiii. f. 70. 71.) Sow. Jun. T. ventricosa, brevi; anfractibus prominentibus, vix separ- atis, rapidé crescentibus,varicibus ineequalibus, sub-distantibus, leevibus, reflexis, prope suturam elevatis; non-nullis, incras- satis, duplicatis: apertura obliqué ovali, magna; umbilico parvo. Colore inter varices pallidé griseo, margine aperture luteo. A very ventricose species, with rapidly increasing whorls and not very regular varices, simple in form, slightly reflected. The margin of the aperture has a yellow tinge. The whorls do not quite touch each other—although the distance is scarcely perceptible. Mr. Cuming and Mr. Metcalfe have it from Australia. 26. Sc. vENoSA. (pl. xxxiii. f. 72, 73.) Sow. Jun. T. pyramidali, levi, acuminata, imperforaté; anfractibus sub-numerosis, prominentibus, vix contiguis; varicibus 12, proximis, crassis, in medio valide reflexis, latis, superné angu- latis, prope suturam sub-angustatis ; apertura rotundata: colore inter varices pallidé fulvio. Remarkable for the shape of the varices, which are turned backward, so as to give the appearance of rounded, tumid veins; the interstices, which appear narrow, are of a delicate fawn colour. From the West Indies. apse. WivRA. (pl xa, f. 38.39; pl. xxxiv. f. Si, 82.) Sow. Jun. T. ventricosé, acuminata; anfractibus prominentibus rapidé crescentibus, prope suturam elevatis, sutura profunda distinctis: varicibus tenuis, valde numerosis, obliquis ; aper- tura magni, ovali; labio interno tenui, obliquo; umbilico parvo: colore pallide fulvo, fasciis duabus fuscis, plus minusve distinctis. A very beautiful species with ventricose whorls, distin- guished by a deep suture, and numerous thin, close, regular varices entering the suture obliquely. The colour is very pale brown, or dull white, with two bands of deeper or paler brown ; 90 those of the individual fig. 81, appear stronger, in consequence of the varices being partly worn off. Brought from the Island of Masbate, Philippines, by Mr. Cuming. 28. Sc. puBiA. (pl. xxxiii. f. 41.) Sow. Jun. Z. P. 1844. T. ventricosa, acuminata, minuté striata; anfractibus sub- prominentibus, sutura profunda distinctis, rapidé crescentibus ; varicibus numerosis, tenuibus, in medio anfractuum sub-ob- soletis, ad suturam paululim expansis; apertura magna, sub- ovali; labio externo tenui, labio interno sub-expanso : umbi- lico parvo: colore albo. We have only obtained an imperfect specimen from Mr. Cuming’s cabinet, unaccompanied by any information. It differs from Sc. Lyra in the thinness of the varices, which, toward the centre of the whorls, are nearly obsolete ; in the suture being less deep, and the whorls less less raised near it ; in the varices being slightly spread in a web-like form at the suture; and in being spirally striated, and without colour. 29. Sc. IRREGULARIS. (pl. xxxiil. f. 40, 60.) Sow. Jun. Z. P. 1844. T. ventricosa, acuminata, levi; anfractibus contiguis, ro- tundatis, gradatim crescentibus; sutura distinctaé, varicibus tenuis, numerosis, inzequalibus; nonnullis magnis; apertura oblique ovali; umbilico mediocri: colore albo. A ventricose, sharp-pointed species, with the whorls gra- dually increasing in size, separated by a deep suture ; most of the varices are very thin and numerous, with sharp edges, with here and there one of thicker and larger size. The umbilicus is of a middle size. The sheli is generally white. It is brought from Catanuan, Isle of Luzon, Philippines, by Mr. Cuming. 30. Sc. Inconspicva. (pl. xxxiii. f. 53.) Sow. Jun. T. Sc. irregulari similima sed varicibus magis numerosis, umbilico minori; labio interno anticé sub-angulato. The ribs are exceedingly numerous, regular and fine; the umbilicus is smaller than in Sc. irregularis, which it other- wise resembles, and the inner lip is reflected at the lower or anterior part in the form of an angle. From West Indies. 31. Sc. TRIFASCIATA. (pl. xxxiii. f. 42, 43, 44.) De Haen. T. ventricosa, brevi, levi; anfractibus rotundis, paucis ; sutura profunda: varicibus numerosis, ineequalibus, laminatis; nonnullis duplicatis; apertura obliqué ovali, labio interno, reflexo, sub-expanso: umbilico mediocri: colore pallide fulvo, lineis spiralibus tribus fucis rubescentibus,quaram mediani lata. 91 Much shorter and stouter than the other species which most nearly resemble it in other respects. The varices are numerous and prominent, some of them doubled; the whorls are few, the suture deep, the umbilicus large. Three bands of a reddish colour are visible between the ribs. Brought from Masbate, Philippines, by Mr. Cunning; but a white variety in the collection of Mr. Sowerby is ticketed “ East Indies.” 32. Sc. LINEOLATA (45, 46, 48.) Kiener. T. tenui, Sc. trilineate simili, sed magis elongata; fasciis obscuris. Figured by Kiener as a variety of the preceding species, but amuch more elongated shell. Brought from Masbate, Phil- lippines. by Mr. Cuming, and from Japan by Dr. Sibbald. 33. Sc. RUBRO-LINEATA. (pl. xxxiv. f. 83, 84.) Sow Jun.. T. pyramidali, levi, sub-ventricosa; anfractibus rotundatis prominentibus, gradatim crescentibus ; varicibus numerosis sub-zqualibus, validis; apertura ovali; labio interno anticé subquadrato ; umbilico magno : colore pallidé fulvo linea rubra vel vusca in medio anfractuum. The whorls of this species are very prominent, the varices, numerous, regular, and thick, as in Se. trilineata, but the form is more elongated, and the umbilicus very much larger. The specimens, the smaller of which has a bright red line in the centre of the whorls, are from the cabinet of Miss Saul. 34. Sc. crassa. (pl. xxxiil. f. 55.) Sow. Jun. Z. P.1844. T. pyramidali ventricosa, levi; anfractibus rotundatis, gradatim crescentibus ; varicibus sub-numerosis, inaequalibus, laminatis, ad suturam magis expansis, nonnullis in medio anfractum sub-obsoletis: apertura magna; labio interno anticé subquadrato ; umbilico parvo: colore, inter varices pallidé fulvo, fasciis binis latis; una prope suturam, altera in medio anfractuum. Variat testa alba, opaca. Much larger and more solid than Sc. lineolata, with the ribs unequally laminated, spreading more at the suture than at the middle of the whorls. The whorls are not so prominent as in Sc. rubro-lineata, and the umbilicus is much smaller. Of the four specimens brought from Catanuan, Isl. Luzon, Philippines, by Mr. Cuming, two have two broad bands in the upper part and near the centre of the whorls. 35. Sc. IMPERIALIS. (pl. xxxul. f. 56. 57.) Sow. Jun Zool. Proc. 1844, 92 T. pyramidali, ventricosa, acuminata, levi ; anfractibus magnis, rotundatis, contiguis, prope suturam elevatis, gra- datim crescentibus ; sutura profunda varicibus numerosis, simplicibus, versus apicem tenuibus, gradatim crescentibus, in ultimo anfractu crassis, nonnullis duplicatis ; apertura magni, ovali; umbilico magno: colore, inter varices, fulvo, fasciis binis fuscis in medio anfractus ultimze purpureo confusis. A very beautiful shell, of an elegant pyramidal form, with numerous regular varices, which in the upper whorls are thin, but in the last whorl are much thicker and some doubled. The umbilicus is large. The colour between the varices is dull fawn, with two bands, which in the last whorl are blended with purple. Mozambique and Swan River. 36.Sc.auRITA.(pl. xxxill. f. 62.) Sow.Jun. Zool Proc. 1844. T. elongata, levi, umbilicataé; anfractibus rotundatis, con- tiguis ; varicibus levibus, decumbentibus, subnumerosis, prope suturam sub-arcuatis, nonnullis crassis, pluribus tenuis; apertura magna, auriformi; colore pallidé fulvo, inter varices, fasciis tribus fuscis. In general form resembling Sc. lineata of Say, but differ- ing from it in having a wide umbilicus. The last whorl and aperture are large in proportion to the size of the shell, in which respect it differs from Sc. turricula; it is prettily coloured with three reddish brown bands; the varices are rather numerous, some rather thick, and others very thin. Coast of Coromandel. 37. Sc. TURRICULA. (pl. xxx" f. 6). and “plo xxxiv. f. 88.) Sow. Jun. T. elongata, umbilicataé, plerumque transversim minuté striata ; anfractibus numerosis, rotundatis, gradatim crescen- tibus ; varicibus sub-numerosis, plerumque tenuis, nonnullis crassis; apertura ovali, parva; colore albo vel irregulariter fulvo. The whorls are more numerous, and increase in size more gradually than the last, the mouth is consequently smaller, the ribs are irregular, differing from each other in thickness. There are, in most of the specimens numerous transverse striae, which are wanting in others; one variety is white and strongly striated; another is irregularly patched with light brown, and nearly smooth. The latter variety only is brought by Mr. Cuming from Catanuan Isl. Luzon, Philip- pines. Both occur in the West Indies. 93 38. Sc. vesTauis. (pl. xxxiv f. 97.) Hinds. Zool. Proc. 1843, T. pyramidali, acuminata, spiraliter minutissime striata ; anfractibus numerosis, rotundatis, sutura distinctaé; varicibus simplicibus, plerumque tenuissimis, nonnullis crassiusculis ; apertura ovali, posticé acuminata, labio interno anticé sub- incrassato, umbilico mediocri; colore albo. A beautiful small white shell brought by Capt. Belcher from New Guinea. It is finely striated in a spiral direction ; most of the varices are thin, so as to be scarcely visible, with here and there one more prominent. 39. Sc. ImMACULATA. (pl. xxxiii. f. 58.) Sow. Jun. Zool. Proc. T. Scalariz vestali similima, sed magis elongata, umbilico majori, varicibus prope suturam simplicibus. Brought by Mr. Cuming from Catanauan. Isl. Luzon, Philippines. 40. Sc. mMarTIntt. (pl. xxxiv. f. 78 and 86.) Wood. Index. Test. Sc. raricosta, nonnul, Sc. striata, Kiener. T. pyramidali, acuminata, umbilicata, transversim striata ; anfractibus rotundatis, numerosis, rapidé crescentibus ; vari- cibus plerumque tenuissimis, vel obsoletis, nonnullis crassis, validis, arcuatis; apertura ovali, auriformi, magna; colore albo. A well known species from the West Indies, frequently confounded with, and possibly included in Sc. raricosta of Lamarck, from which it totally differs. The greater part of the varices are so thin as to be scarcely visible, but at irregu- lar intervals thicker ones occur. There is a small specimen from Isle Bohol in the Philippines, in which nearly all the va- rices are elevated: it is found under stones, at low water, by Mr. Cuming. 41.Sc.raricostata. (pl. xxxiv. f. 79, 80.) Sc. raricosta, Lamarck. (Not of Martini, Conch. 4. t. 153 f. 1435-6. T. ventricosa, pyramidali, cancellata ; anfractibus rotun- datis, rapidé crescentibus ; sutura distincta; varicibus raris prominentibus, crenulatis, rotundatis, reflexis ; apertura magna, sub-circulari, marginé crasso, labio interno anticé sub-expanso; umbilico parvo; colore albo. A ventricose shell, minutely cancellated, with here and there a thick, crenulated reflected varix; the aperture 1s large, with a very small umbilicus behind it. Ceylon ? 94 42, Sc, cURVILINEATA. (pl. xxxii. f. 59.) Sow. Jun. T. ovali, levi, tenui, imperforata ; anfractibus paucis, rapidé crescentibus; varicibus subnumerosis, curvilineatis, levibus, simplicibus; apertura ovali, labio interno anticé paululum expanso: colore pallidé fulvo. We have only seen one specimen, which is in Mr. Cu- ming’s collection, from Sansonati, in Central America. 43. Sc. CATANUENSIS (pl. xxxiv. f. 93 and 94.) Sow. Jun. Zool Proc., 1844. T. pyramidali, acuminata, minutissimeé striata; anfractibus rotundatis, rapidé crescentibus, varicibus plerumque obsoletis, nonnullis rarius crassis; apertura ovali, sub-auriformi; um- bilico parvo; colore validé griseo, in medio anfractuum fascia fusca, lata, obscura. It is much shorter than Sc.Martinii, with the thickened costz still more fewer in number; the aperture is less oval and less auriform. ‘There is a broad band of pale brown in the centre of the whorls. Brought from Catanuan, Isl. Luzon, Philip- pines, by Mr. Cuming. Found in sandy mud 8---10 fathoms. 44. Sc, stmixis.(pl.xxxiv.f.90.) Sow. Jun. Zool. Proc.1844. T. sub-ovali, spiraliter minutissimé striata; anfractibus paucis; varicibus tenuissimis, plerumque numerosis, nonnullis crassiusculis ; apertura ovali, postice sub-angulata, labio in- terno vix incrassato et expanso, umbilico parvo ; colore pal- lidissimé fulvo. The whorls are much less prominent, the minute varices more numerous, and the umbilicus considerably smaller than in Sc. Catanuensis. Found by Mr. Cuming at Puerto Galero, Isle Mindoro, in sandy mud, 4—5 fathoms. 45. Sc. BULLATA. (pl. xxxiv. f. 87.) Sow. Jun. Zool. Proc. 1844. T. ventricosissima, brevi, levi; anfractibus paucis, rapidé crescentibus ; varicibus sub-numurosis, irregularibus, decum- bentibus, plerumque tenuissimis, nonnullis crassioribus, ad suturam paululum elevatis et reflexis; apertura magna; um- bilico parvo, colore albo. We have only one specimen of this extremely ventricose shell, in a very imperfect state, from Isl. Capul, Philippines, taken by Mr. Cuming on the coral reefs. 46. Sc. BULBULUs. (pl. xxxiv. f. 85.) Sow. Jun. Zool. Proc. 1844. 95 T. ventricosa, pyramidali, levi, fere imperforata ; anfrac- tibus paucis, rapidé crescentibus ; varicibus sub-numerosis, irregularibus, inequalibus, extantibus ; apertura magna, labio interno sub-expanso, antice sub-quadrato ; colore pallidis- simé rufo. This species is also rather ventricose, but the varices are laminar, and stand out in relief from the shell. The only known specimen is in the possession of Mr. G. Sowerby, Sen. From ? 47. Sc. FRIABILIs. ( pl. xxxiii. f. 74.) Sow. Jun. Zool. Proc. 1844. T. pyramidali, acuminata, tenui, imperforata; varicibus tenuissimis, valde numerosis, laminatis, extantibus, prope suturam acuté angulatis ; apertura magna, labio interno sub- incassato; colore albo. A thin pyramidal species with extremely numerous, thin, laminar, varices, which project in an acute angle close to the suture. In Mr. Cuming’s collection. Brought from Swan River. by Lieut. Collie, R.N. 48. Sc. inpistTincTa. (pl. xxxv. f. 141.) Sow. Jun. Zool. Proc. 1842. T. elongata, imperforaté, minuté spiraliter striata ; anfractibus numerosis, gradatim crescentibus, sutura dis- tincta ; varicibus numerosis, inequalibus, rotundatis, decum- bentibus, simplicibus ; apertura parva, labio interno, antice sub-incrassato ; colore, albo. In Mr. Cuming’s collection. Brought from St. Blas, Gulf of California, by the Hon. Mr. Harris. 49. Sc. suneata. (pl. xxxv. f. iii.) Sow. Jun. Zool. Proc. 1844, T. elongata, acuminata, imperforata, minuté spiraliter striata ; anfractibus numcerosis, gradatim crescentibus; suturd dis- tincta ; varicibus numerosis, tenuis, prope suturam angulatis ; apertura ovali, labio interno vix incrassato ; colore albo. A beautifully pointed, elongated shell, finely striated in a spiral direction, with numerous slightly prominent varices, which are angular near the suture. Brought from Catanuan, Is]. Luzon, Philippines, by Mr. Cuming. 50. Sc. NOVANGLI&. (pl. xxxv. f. 112.) Couthoy, Boston Jour. Sc. 2, No. 1, Pl. 3, f. 5. T. pyramidali, acuminata, fere imperforata, spiraliter striatA 96 minute striata; anfractibus numerosis; sutura distincta, vari- cibus sub-numerosis, inequalibus, plerumque tenuis, prope suturam in dentem acutum productis ; apertura mediocri, an- tice sub-quadratéa; margine incrassato, posticé unidentifero, labio interno antice incrassato et extenso : colore, inter varices obscuré fusco. A very elegantly formed little shell, broader towards the aperture than the last; the varices, which are rather numerous and unequal in thickness, have each a very fine tooth-like point close to the suture. The only specimen we have seen, is in the collection of Mr. G. B. Sowerby, Sen. 51. Sc. suBri.is. (pl. xxxv. f. 137.) Sow. Jun., Zool. Proc. Ki. elongata, angustata, spiraliter minute striata, imperfo- rata; anfractibus numerosis, gradatim crescentibus, prope suturam elevatis ; varicibus numerosissimis, laminatis, crenu- latis, superne angulatis ; apertura parva: colore, inter varices, obscure fusco. A small elongated, turreted shell, to the beauty of which, neither the description nor the figure can do justice; the varices are numerous, laminated, and regularly crenulated. Brought by Mr. Cuming, from the the Isles Caminguing and Corregidor, Philippines. From the former, in coarse sand at seven fathoms; from the latter in sandy mud 30 fathoms. 52. Sc. CLATHRATULUS. (pl. xxxil. f. 47.) Montague, Mest; Brit..p.,297. T. pyramidali, sub-acuminata, imperforata, anfractibus numerosis; sutura distincté; varicibus numerosis, rotun- datis, irregularibus, prope suturam sub-angulatis: colore albo. This common British pyramidal species, has numerous, unequal, rounded varices, which are slightly expanded, and angulated close to the suture. 54. Sc. MULTICOSTATA. (pl. xxxiv. f. 96.) Sow. Jun. Zool. Proc. 1844. T. sub-ovali, levi, imperforataé, obtusi; varicibus sub- numerosis, regularibus, obliqué ad apicem continuis, sub-ro- tundatis ; apertura ovali, labio interno antice expanso et in- crassato ; colore, pallidissime fulvo. Rather oval and obtuse, with numerous regular prominent rounded varices. The anterior part of the inner lip _is thickened and spread over the columella. From Corregidor, Philippines, H. Cuming. 97 55. Sc. cONCINNA. (pl. xxxili. f. 63.) Sow. Jun. Z. P. 1844. T. multicostatz simili, sed anfractibus magis prominen- tibus, varicibus magis numerosis, labio interno tenul. The whorls in this species are more prominent, the ribs more numerous, and the inner edge of the aperture thinner than in Sc. multicostata. Found in sandy mud 68 fathoms, at Loay, Isle of Bohol, Philippines. Mr. Cuming. 56. Sc. CREBERRIMA. pl. (xxxiv. f. 95.) Hinds. Zool. Proc. 1843. T. pyramidali, acuta, levi, imperforata; anfractibus nume- rosis, rotundatis; sutura distinctaé; varicibus numerosissimis, - levibus, paululum prominentibus; apertura sub-rotundata ; colore, pallide griseo. The varices in this species are still more numerous than in either of the two preceding, and the interstices are narrower. Brought from New Guinea by Mr. Hinds. 57. Sc. CONNEXA. (pl, xxxiv. f. 98.) Sow. Jun. Zool. Proc. 1844. T. ovali, sub-elongata, levi, imperforaté; sutura profunda ; varicibus numerosis, laminatis, prominentibus, ad apicem obliqué continuis ; apertura ovali ; colore, inter varices, obscure fulvo. The numerous varices of this small species are laminar, prominent, and continued from whorl to whorl up the spire, as in Sc. Clathrus of Linneus, from which it differs essentially in not having the spiral rib at the lower part of the last whorl. From Sual, Pr. Pangasinan, Isl. Luzon, Found in 7 fathoms sandy mud by Mr. Cuming. 58. Sc. PULCHERRIMA. (pl. xxxiv. f. 92.) Sow. Jun. Z. P. 1844, T. pyramidali, sub-ventricosa, spiraliter minuté striata, imperforata ; anfractibus rotundatis ; sutura profunda ; varici- bus sub-numerosis, laminatis, extantibus, prominentibus superné in angulum acutum productis ; apertura ovali, posticé acutangulata, anticé sub-quadrata, labio interno sub-expanso ; colore, inter varices, fusco purpurascente. Pyramidal, acute, rather ventricose, spirally striated, with a deep suture, and with rather broad, laminar varices, which are expanded into an acute angle near the suture. Collected by Mr. Cuming at Dumaguete, Isl. Negroes, Philippines. 59. Sc. ovauis. (pl. xxxiv. f. 104.) Sow. Jun. Z. P. 1844. T. sub-ovali, levi; anfractibus paucis; ultimo magno, vari- 98 cibus 9, crassis, rotundatis; apertura ovali, marginé incrassato, labio interno incrassato, expanso; colore, inter varices, pallidé czruleo. The whorls of this very small shell are few in number, the last disproportionately large, with about nine very thick rounded varices; the aperture is oval, with a very thick edge, and the inner lip expanded. Brought by Mr. Cuming from Cagayan in the Isle of Mindinao. 60. Sc. HEXAGONA. (pl. xxx. f. 67.) Sow. Jun. Zool. Proc, 1844. T. brevi, levi, imperforata ; anfractibus contiguis ; varici- bus sex, crassis, prominentibus, ad apicem obliqué continuis ; apertura rotundata: colore albo. A short, imperforated white species, with whorls closely united, and strong varices forming about six oblique, con- tinuous lines along the spire. In the cabinet of Mr. Cuming, brought by Col. Moffat from Acupalca. 61. Sc. uNIFASCIATA. (pl. xxxiil. f. 68.) Sow. Jun. Zool. Proc. 1844. T. pyramidali, sub-elongata, levi, imperforata ; anfractibus numerosis, contiguis; varicibus sex, rotundatis, angustis, ad apicem obliqué continuis ; apertura rotundata, labio interno sub-incrassato ; colore inter varices, pallidissimé griseo, fascia fusca prope suturam cincto. Similar to the preceding, but more elongated, with more numerous whorls, on the upper part of which, close to the suture, is a broad brown band, by which the species may be distinguished. West Indies. 62. Sc. ELENENSIS. (pl. xxxiv. f. 102.) Sow. Jun. Zool. Proc. 1844. T. pyramidali, levi, imperforatéa; anfractibus contiguis ; varicibus sex, ad suturam sub-plicatis, irregulariter continuis ; apertura ovali; colore albo. Like the last, but without any band, and having the varices straighter, and not so regularly continuous. Collected by Mr. Cuming at Punta, St. Elena, West Columbia, in sandy mud, six fathoms. 63. Sc. optusA (pl. xxxiil. f. 54.) Sow. Jun. Zool. Proc, 1844. T. ventricosa, pyramidali, imperforata, levi; anfractibus contiguis ; varicibus numerosis, crassis, rotundatis, continuis, 99 superné sub-angulatis ; apertura rotundata, anticé sub-mare- ginata, labio interno spiraliter recurvo; colore albo. Rather short and thick, white, with numerous varices, which continue up the spire, from whorl to whorl, and are slightly angular above; the inner lip of the aperture is spirally twisted, and forms an undulated notch at its juncture with the outer lip. Brought by Mr. Cuming from Punta, St. Elena, found in sandy mud six fathoms. 64. Sc. porrecta. (pl. xxxv. f. 139.) Hinds, Zool. Proc. 1843. T. pyramidali, acuminata, imperforata; anfractibus sub- angulatis, ultima magna ; varicibus numerosis, crassis, ad an- gulum anfractuum acuminatis ; apertura sub-quadrata, anticé angulata; colore fusco, lined pallida ad inferiorem partem anfractuum. An acuminated shell, with angular whorls, the last of which is disproportionately large; the varices are numerous, thick, and somewhat irregular, with elevated points at the angle. The colour is darkish brown, with a narrow band ofa darker colour near the lower part of the whorl. Brought by Mr. Hinds, from the Straits of Malacca. 65. Sc. MinpoROENsIs. (pl. xxxiv. f. 91.) Sow. Jun. Zool. Proc. 1844. T. pyramidali, levi, imperforata, tenui; anfractibus yix separatis ; varicibus numerosis, simplicibus, ad suturam sub- irregulariter junctis; colore albo. A small, white, thin shell, slightly resembling Sc. obliqua, but less oblique, and with more numerous, and less promi- nent varices. The whorls are close. Brought by Mr. Cuming from Puerto Gallero, Isl. Mindoro. 66. Sc. GRADATA (pl. xxxiv. f. 109.) Hinds. Zool. Proc. 1843. T. pyramidali, acuminata, levi, imperforaté; anfractibus numerosis, prope suturam elevatis; sutura profunda; vari- cibus rotundatis, sub-numerosis, distantibus, superné angu- latis; apertura sub-ovali, posticé angulaté, labio interno tenui; colore albo. The whorls of this elegant species are elevated near the suture, and with the angle on the varices, have the appear- ance of steps. Brought by Mr. Hinds, from Amboyna. 100 67. Sc. acicuutina. (pl. xxxiv. f. 100. Hinds, Zool. Proce. 1843. T. parva, elongata, acuminata, imperforata, tenui, levi ; anfractibus contiguis, prope suturam elevatis; varicibus decem, inequalibus; apertura sub-quadrata; colore, inter varices, obscuré fulvo. America, Mr. Hinds 68. Sc. ALBOLINEATA. (pl. xxxi1l. f. 52.) Sow. Jun. T. aciculine similima, sed magis ventricosa, costis magis numerosis, continuis; colore inter varices fulvo. This species is shorter and thicker than Sc. aciculina, with more numerous and less angulated varices. From the beau- tiful fawn colour contrasting with the whiteness of the ribs, it resembles Sc. Philippinarum, but the whorls are united. 69. Sc. pourra. (pl. xxxiv. f. 99.) Sow. Jun. Zool. Pooc. 1844. T. tenui, elongata, levi, imperforata; anfractibus nume- rosis, Vix prominentibus; varicibus sub-numerosis, tenuis, in medis anfractuum obsoletis; colore pallidé griseo. The whorls are numerous, and not very prominent. The varices appear as if worn away in the centre of the whorls. Taken by Mr. Cuming at Xipixappi, West Columbia, in sandy mud, ten fathoms deep. 70. Sc. Turtonts. (pl. xxxiv. f. 106, 107, 108. var. pl. xxxrv. f. 89.) Sc. planicostata, Bivon. T. elongata, imperforata, levi; anfractibus numerosis, vix prominentibus, contiguis; varicibus decumbentibus, inequal- ibus, ad suturam expansis, elevatis; apertura ovali, labio interno crasso; colore maculis et fasciis variegato. This species resembles in general appearance, and in the disposition of the colours, Sc. communis, but the whorls are united and more numerous; the varices are flat, and some of them exceedingly broad: varieties, fig. 106, 107, are from British specimens, fig. 108, from Sicily, fig. 80, from Puerto Galero, Isl. Mindinao. 71. Sc. TREVELYANA. (pl. xxxv. f. 129.) Leach. T. pyramidali, acuminata, imperforata; anfractibus con- tiguis, rotundatis ; varicibus decumbentibus, inequalibus, ad suturam expansis, in dentem acutum elevatis ; colore pallidé fulvo. Smaller, and more ventricose in proportion to its length than the preceding, with the varices narrower, rather more 101 prominent, spread at the suture, and raised into a small sharp tooth. Great Britain. 72. Sc. Greenuanpica. (pl. xxxiv. fol. 105 and 110.) *Clathrus Greenlandicus,” Chemn. 11. p. 155. f. 1878-79: planicostata? Kiener; subulata, Couthoy ? Boston Journ. Sc. Vols.2.0Non 4: T. elongata, crassa, spiraliter sulcaté; anfractibus con- tiguis, vix prominentibus; varicibus decumbentibus 3 Ine- qualibus, ad suturam expansis, reflexis, et ad anfractum prox- imam elevatis ; apertura sub-triangulari, colore, inter varices, griseo fulvescente. T. juniori, varicibus expansis, reflexis. Like Se. Turtonis in general form, but with fewer whorls : the varices more elevated and spread, and the whorls spirally grooved. From Greenland and Newfoundland. 73. Sc. tingata. (pl. xxxiii. f. 49, 50, 51.) Say. T. pyramidali, sub-ventricosa, imperforata, levi’; anfrac- tibus rotundatis, rapidé crescentibus; ultimo magno, linea spirali, elevata, ad inferiorem partem anfractuum varicibus plerumque tenuis ; nonnullis magnis, simplicibus, numerosis : apertura magna; colore inter varices, fusco nigricante, ali- quando fasciis binis ; vel pallidé fulv4, fascia rubra. The elevated line at the lower part of the whorls, is very slight in this species, but easily perceptible, the varices are irregular, some of them large. From America, 74. Sc. CLATHRUS. (pl. xxxv. f..131, 132, 134.) Linneus, Sc. lamellosa, Lam. var. Sc. monocycla. Kiener. T. pyramidali, ventricosa, levi, lined elevata spirali ad in- feriorem partem aufractuum ; varicibus 11 , distantibus, lami- natis, extantibus, ad suturam sub-expansis, ad apicem oblique continuis; apertura magna, ovali; colore, inter varices fulvo vel fusco-maculato, prope suturam fascia lata; vel griseo, fascia nigra. This well-known species to which the name of lamellosa is generally applied, is ascertained, with tolerable certainty, to be the true clathrus of Linneus, having the basal keel which is without the common British species bearing that name. Mediterranean and West Indies, 75. Sc. CORONATA. (pl. xxxv. f. 133.) Lamarck. T. lamellose simillima, sed varicibus magis numerosis : colore albo, inter varices seriebus tribus macularum fuscarum. The varices are much more numerous than in the last, and 102 the colour is disposed in three rows of angular brown spots between the varices. West Indies. 76. Sc. Dian. (pl. xxxv. f. 124, 125.) Hinds, Zool. Proc 1843. T. Parva, ventricosa, brevi, levi, lined elevata spirali, ad basin anfractuum; anfractibus contiguis subangulatis ; vari- cibus paucis, laminatis, extantibus, angulatim laté expansis: colore albo. A small, short, somewhat ventricose shell, with few whorls, and about eight laminar varices, which are spread into broad angles. It is to be regretted, that only one specimen of this very remarkable shell was brought by Mr. Hinds from Amboyna. 77. Sc. STATUMINATA (pl. xxxv. f. 127.) Sow. Jun. Zool. Proc. 1844. TT parva, crasa, brevi, levigata, imperforta ; anfractibus contiguis, vix prominentibus, anticé linea elevata cinctis ; vari- cibus quinque, prominentibus, ad apicem continuis, antic’ crassis, posticé in angulum elevatum expansis; apertura sub- rotunda, labio externo, anticé tenui; colore, inter varices, coeruleo. A small, short, thick species, with very prominent ribs, which are elevated and expanded into a broad angle, at the upper part of the whorls, and very thick at the lower ; they are united with each other so as to form five oblique promi- nent ridges along the spire. Brought by Mr. Cuming from Hayti in Peru. 78. Sc. MAGNIFICA. (pl. xxxiv. f. 103.) Sow. Jun. Turbo Principalis, Chemnitz. T. elongata, imperforata, lineis elevatis spiraliter cincta, linea und majori ad inferiorem partem anfractuum, anfractibus sub-numerosis, ventricosis, prope suturam elevatis; sutura profunda; varicibus rarissimis, lineis parvis elevatis numerosis ; colore albo, pallidissimé purpureo et fulvo tincto. The figure given in Chemnitz underthe name of “principalis” “ Pallas,” is evidently taken from an inferior specimen of this magnificent shell; but as it does not agree in any respect with the original figure and description by Pallas, we cannot put much faith in the assertion of Chemnitz as to its identity. We have given a species under the name of principalis, which agrees much better with the original figure. The splendid specimen which we have figured, is in the collection of E. C. L. Griiner, Esq. of Bremen, who has lately received it from China. 103 79. Sc. DEcussaTA. (pl. xxxv. f. 140.) Zam. anim s. vert. vi. p. 229. Se. cancellata, Humphreys. T. elongata, imperforata, spirdliter sulcata; anfractibus 11, contiguis, anticé posticéque angulatis, sutura profunda disti- nctis, ultimo anticé carina cincto ; varicibus numerosis, posticé angulatis, laqueatis, apertura subquadrata, labio interno crasso, antice angulato ; colore albo. This elegantly cancellated species is rarely found in a recent state. The specimen figured, is in Mr. Cuming’s collection. From the coast of Arabia. 80. Sc. varicosa. (pl. xxxv. f. 126, 128, 143.) Lam’ anim. s. vert. Sc. fimbriata, Lam. E.M. pl. 451. f. 4. a. b. T. elongata, spiraliter obsoleté sulcata; anfractibus 12, plus minusve prominentibus, ultimo anticé carina cincto ; sutura profunda, laminis extantibus interrupta ; costulis parvis, nume- rosis, undulatim crenulatis; varicibus paucis, magnis, extanti- bus, crenulatis, crassis: apertura rotundata, margine crasso, labio interno varicoso; colore albo. The different varieties, if denuded of the small varices, would present a very similar appearance ; but these, in some cases, fill up the suture with their terminal lamine, and so reduce the rotundity of the whorls. The larger, or true varices, occur sparingly at irregular intervals. From Capul, Luzon, Bohol, and Zebu, Philippines, by Mr. Cuming. 81. Sc. cocHLeEa. (pl. xxxv. f., 142.) Sow. Jun. Zool. Proc, 1844. T. elongata, spiraliter obsoleté sulcata; anfractibus 8, pro- minentibus posticé valide angulatis; anticé carina valida cinctis; costulis parvis, undulatim crenulatis; varicibus magnis, crenulatis, posticé angulatis, rarissimis ; apertura rotun a ; margine crasso; labio interno crasso, varicoso: colore albo, vel pallidissime fulvo. Differing from Se. varicosa in having the whorls angular, and the suture very large, so as to present the appearance of ascrew. From Loanda, West coast of Africa, by Dr. Tamis. In Mr. Cuming’s collection. 82. Sc. AusTRA.is. (pl. xxxv. f. 135.) Lam. anim. Ss. vert. T. elongata. crassa, levi,imperforata; anfractibus9, contiguis, vix prominentibus; ultimo anticé carina valida cincto; sutura vix excavata: varicibus 10,simplicibus, sub-rectis, crassis, leevi- bus, prominentibus, ad carinam terminantibus: colore albo, vel inter varices obscure purpureo. 104 A common species from Swan River in Australia. The keel is thick, and forms the termination of the varices, which are also thick, prominent, and smooth. The whorls are not separated by a deep suture 83. Sc. crassicosTaTA. (pl. xxxv. f. 119.) B.M. M.s. Sc. Australi simili, sed varicibus minus prominentibus, et in medio latioribus. There is a much larger specimen than we have figured, in the British Museum, with the above name attached. 84. Sc. GRANULOSA. (pl. xxxv. f. 144.) Turritella gra- nulosa, Guoy et Gaimard, Voyage de lAstrotabe. T. pyramidali, elongata, minutissimé granulata, crassa, im- perforata, costulis obsoletis undulata; anfractibus 9, vix pro- minentibus, anticé prope medium carina obsoleta cinctis, ad suturam crenulatis ; sutura indistincta; apertura subtriangu- lari ; margine incrassato, anticé in angulum extenso; colore pallidé fulvo; apertura alba. In general form resembling Sc. Australis, but the varices are nearly obsolete. From Swan River, Australia. 85. Sc. unpuLATA. (pl. xxxv. f. 136.) Sow. Jun. Zool. Proc, 1844. T. sub-elongata, spiraliter minutissimé striata, imperforata, tenui; anfractibus 11, paululum prominentibus, anticé prope medium carina tenui, lineari, cinctis; varicibus tenuissimis curvi-linearibus, regularibus, distantibus ; apertura anticé an- gulata, colore obscuré albo. The varices are very thin, curvilinear and regular, but much more distinct than in the preceding species. We have only a single specimen from the collection of Metcalfe, Esq. 86. Sc. BICARINATA. (pl. xxxv. f. 113,114.) Sow. Jun. Zool. Proc, 1844. T. sub-cylindrica, elongata, imperforata, minuté cancellata ; anfractibus 6, latis, ad latera planis, ad suturam crenulatis, ultimo carinisdus in medio cincto; apertura ovali, margine crasso, minuté crenulato ; colore fere albo. A very curious little shell, with crenulated suture, and two prominent keels in the centre of the last whorls ; the edge of the aperture is much thickened. Brought by Mr. Cuming, from Dumaguete, Isl. Negroes, found in coarse black sand, at seven fathoms. 105 87. Sc. CRASSILABRUM. (pl. xxxv.f. 115, 116.) Sow. Jun. T. parva, imperforataé, elongata, spiraliter minutissimé striata ; anfractibus 6—7, antice angulo parvo, postice angulo magno, cinctis ; sutura crenulata; costulis triangulatis nume- rosis ; varicibus rarissimis, vel nullis : apertura sub-ovali, mar- gine crasso, expanso, minuté striato; colore fere albo. There is a large angle on the upper, anda smaller one on the lower part of each whorl, which are crossed by undulating ribs. The true varices or external edges of former varices are very scarce, in some specimens altogether wanting. The specimens vary very much in form and appearance, but the aperture is always surrounded by a broad margin. Mr. Cuming has specimens from Ticao, and Cagayan, Isl. Mindoro of the Philippines ; also from Sansonati, in Central America. 88. Sc. cRENATA. (pl. xxxv. f. 123.) (Turbo crenatus,) Linn. T. sub-elongata, imperforataé, minutissimé granulata; an- fractibus 8, sub-prominentibus, ad suturam acuté angulatis et crenatis, anticé undulata carindis jcinct ; varicibus raris- simis vel nullis ; apertura magna triangulari, anticé angulata ; colore fere albo, vel pallidé fulvo rufescente. The whorls have a prominent angle close to the suture, which forms a kind of canal, interrupted by the large crenu- lations surmounting the edge. From Faro in Portugal and from the West Indies. 89. Sc. piapEMA. (pl. xxxv. f. 121, 122.) Sow. Sen. T. brevi, obtusa, imperforata, minutissime cancellata ; an- fractibus 7, prominentibus, ad suturam canaliferis, angulatim crenulatis; anticé carina crassa cinctis ; prope apicem rapide crescentibus ; varicibus prope apicem crassis, prominentibus, in ultimo anfractu sub-obsoletis; apertura ovali; margine crasso, anticé posticeque angulato : colore albo. Much shorter and more obtuse than Sc. crenatus, with the whorls more prominent and excavated at the suture, at the fourth whorl the size increases suddenly, but afterwards more gradually. Brought by Mr. Cuming from James’s Island, Gallapagos. 90. Sc. rusca. (pl. xxxv. f. 138.) Sow. Jun. Zool. Proc. 1844 T. elongata, imperforata, spiraliter minutissime striata; an- fractibus 12, sub-prominentibus; ultimo, carina lineari anticé 106 cinctaé; varicibus tenuissimis, obliquis, ad suturam flexuosis ; apertura sub-ovali, margine tenui: colore obsuré fulvo, flamulis fuscis obliquis inter varices seriatim picto. An elongated species, with a very narrow, but distinct keel on the lower part of the last whorl. The varices are very thin, and bent in near the suture. The shell is finely striated, and prettily marked with flame-like patches of dark colour be- tween the varices. There are two specimens in Mr. Cuming’s collection, which were found on sand at Seirra-leona. 91. Sc. suruRALIs. (pl. xxxv. f. 120.) Hinds. Zool. Proc. 1843. T. elongata, imperforta, spiraliter minuté striata; anfracti- bus 10, paululim prominentibus, anticé carina tenui cinctis ; sutura distincta, carinifera; costulis numerosis tenuis, varici- bus raris, decumbentibus, vix elevatis : apertura rotunda ; mar- gine tenui: colore obscuré albo, in medio anfractuum fusco. Brought from Mallaca, by Mr. Hinds. 92. Sc. vuLPINA. (pl. xxxv. f. 117, 118. Hinds. Zool. Proc. 1843. T. elongata, imperforata, spiraliter sulcata; anfractibus 9 prominentibus, carina antice cinctis ; varicibus 9, crassis, rotun- tadis, equalibus ; apertura sub-rotundata; labio crasso ; colore fusco. Brought from Mallacca, by Mr. Hinds. 93. Sc. ACUMINATA. (pl. xxxv. f. 130.) Sow. Jun. Zool. Proc. 1844. T. elongata, imperforata, acuminata; anfractibus 15, vix prominentibus, anticé carina tenui cinctis ; varicibus creberi- mis, numerosis, tenuis, curvilineatis ; apertura ovali, margine tenui, labio interno tortuoso; colore pallide fulvo, fasciis duo, una prope suturam pallida, una in medio anfractuum lata, dis- tincta. Elongated, keeled, with numerous whorls, and very numer- ous close set curvilinear varices. In Mr. Cuming’s collection, from Malacca. 107 EXPLANATION OF PLATES XXXII, XXXIII, XXXIV, XXXV. SCALARIA. (The figure at the end of each name, refers to the species in the text.) 14, 15, 16. 17. 18, 19, 20. Sc. Philippinarum,12. Vi lf il Sk a 8 pyramidalis, 9. angulata, 11. tenuis, 18. laxata, 8. marmorata, 5. alata, 3. fasciata, 4. Pallasii, 2. pretiosa, 1. communis, 10. Hyalina, replicata, 6. denticulata, 19. communis,var. 10. muricata, 15. mitreeformis, 16. muricata, 15. gracilis, 14. aculeata, 13. Lyra, 27. irregularis, 29. dubia, 28. trifasciata, 31. lineolata, 32. clathratulus, 52. lineolata, var. 32. lineata, 73. albo-lineata, 68. inconspicua, 30. obtusa, 63. crassa, 34. Fia. 56, 57. Sc. — Paved ah ab aioe pelea | |B aale| Imperialis, 34. immaculata, 39. curvilineata, 42. irregularis, 29. turricula, 37. aurita, 36. concinna, 55. fragilis, 20. hexagona, 60. unifasciata, 61. obliqua, 24. obesa, 25. venosa, 26. friabilis, 47. principalis, 23. tenuicostata, 17. Georgettina, 22. Martinii, 40. rari-costata, 41. Lyra, 27. rubro-lineata, 33. Bulbulus, 46. Martinii, 40. bullata, 45. turricula, 37. Turtonis, var.? 70, similis, 44. Mindoroensis, 65. pulcherrima, 58. Catanuensis, 43. creberrima, 56, ) Fic. 96. Sc. multicostata, 54. 97. — vestalis, 38. . — connexa, 57. . — polita, 69, . — aciculina, 67. 101. —- glabrata, 21. 102. — Elenensis, 62, 103. — magnifica, 78. . — ovalis, 59. . — Greenlandica 72. 106, 7, 8. — Turtonis, 70. 109. — gradata, 66. 110. — Greenlandica, 72. 111. — sulcata, 49. 112. — Novy-anglie, 50. 113, 114. — bicarinata, 85. 115, 116. — crassi-labrum, 87. 117, 118. — vulpina, 92. 119. — crassicostata, 83. 120. — suturalis, 91. 121,122. — diadema, 89. Sp. 53, omitted from p. 96. Sc. multistriata. 108 Rie. 123: 124, 125. 126. 197: 131, Se. crenata, 88. Diane, 76. varicosa, 80. statuminata, 77. varicosa, 80. Trevelyana, 71. acuminata, 93. Clathrus, 74. coronata, 75. Clathrus, 74 Australis, 82. undulata, 85. subtilis, 51. fusca, 90. porrecta, 64. decussata, 79. indistincta, 48. Cochlea, 81. varicosa, 80. granulosa, 84. Say. Amer. Journ. Se. pulchella, Bivon ! T. parva, elongata, acuminata, imperforata, intervaricibus spiraliter graved and printed. calfe, Esq. tenuitér sulcatis ; anfeactibus 10, rotundatis, contiguis ; varicibus numerosis levibus, ad suturam subdentatis, colore albo. A beautiful little American shell resembling Sc. clath- ratulus, but more acuminated, and having minute strie or ridges between the varices. The specimens from which the annexed cut is taken, were not identified until after the plates were en- They are in the collection of Met- Nat SLz+. GBS. Jun C hi ite at wit iy el ‘ i At ie ih ne MONOGRAPH OF THE GENUS COLUMBELLA. BY G. B. SOWERBY, F.LS. &c. Testa ovata, vel oblonga, nonnunquam turrita, epidermide induta; spira plerumque breviuscula, nonnunquam elongato turrita ; labio externo plus mintsve incrassato, mediana parte intis tumido vel subtumido, denticulato; labio interno plerumque anticé denticulato vel ruguloso. When I first published some account of this Genus in my work on the Genera of Recent and Fossil Shells, compara- tively very few species were known and their general forms more closely approximated to each other; since that period the researches of Naturalists, particularly those of Mr. Cuming have brought to light numerous additions and new forms have contributed to the increase of the Catalogue, now swelled to upwards of an hundred species. The Columbelle are for the most part small Shells of an ovate or oblong, sometimes of a turreted form covered when in their natural state with an epidermis, which is commonly thin, but in some species is thick and coarse. The spire is usually short, though sometimes of considerable length, and generally acuminated. The outer lip is generally more or less thickened externally, and its middle part within is usually more or less tumid and denticulated, and the inner lip has for the most part various denticles and rugulosities within anteriorly. Aperture in general rather elongated, though sometimes much shorter than the spire and it is usually more or less arched opposite to the swelling within the outer lip, so as to give the aperture a sinuous form. Lamarck’s Col. bizonalis, Col. hebrea, and Col. unifascialis, belong to the genus Mitra; and we think his Col. mendicaria and Col. zonalis should be referred to the family of the Purpuride. These two last, along with 110 several others to which I have given the specific names of livida, nigro-punctata and pyrostoma in the Zool. Proc. for June 1832, might form together a very natural subgenus. Upon carefully reading over the descriptions given by Lesson of six species in the Revue Cuvierienne 1842 we have not been able to recognize them, they are named by him, Col. Clathra, Col. buccinoides, (this is quite different from that named by me Col. buccinoides in Zool. Proc. 1832,) Col. ampla, Col. aphthegera, Col. pulicaris and Col. digitalis. Of two species which are given by Quoy, in the Voyage of the Astrolabe, that named lutea is probably a variety of semiconvexa, and that named rubicundula may be a variety of flavida. DESCRIPTIONS. 1. Col. Strombiformis, Lam. (pl. xxxvi, f. 1, 2.) Col. testa ovato-turbinataé, subalata, leviuscula, castanea, strigis albis longitudinalibus breviusculis ornata; anfractibus 6, tribus ultimis posticé angulatis, ultimo anticé spiraliter striato; spira exsertiuscula, tertiam partem teste equante ; apertura longitudinali, angusta, flexuosa, peritremate auran- tiaco ; plicis columelle subobsoletis. Shell ovate-topshaped, somewhat triangular, smooth, chest- nut coloured, with short white longitudinal streaks ; voiutions 6, the three last posteriorly angulated; the last very large, spirally striated anteriorly; spire prominent, equal in length to a third part of the shell: aperture narrow, flexuous, with an orange coloured border; columellar folds rather obsolete. The last volution is generally longitudinally grooved on the ventral side. Found on the Isle of Muerte, West Columbia, H. Cuming. 2. Col. major, Sow. (pl. xxxvi, f.3, 4,6.) Zool. Pr. ii. 119. Col. testa ovata, medio gibbosa, castanea, albido punctulata; spira breviuscula, pyramidali, apice acuto; anfractibus 6—7 levigatis, ultimo maximo, superné rotundato-turgido, infra spiraliter sulcato; apertura elongata, flexuosa, alba, superné angulata ; labio externo superné obtusé angulato albo, intus denticulato; labio columellari superné callifero, infra plicato- rugoso. Shell ovate, gibbous in the middle, chestnut coloured, with 111 white dots; spire rather short, pyramidal, acute; volutions 6—7, smooth, the last very large, rounded and turgid, spirally grooved anteriorly; aperture elongated, flexuous, white, an- gular posteriorly ; outer lip posteriorly bluntly angular, toothed within ; columellar lip posteriorly calliferous, anteriorly rugose with small plaits: the posterior part of the outer lip is usually white. This well known species has commonly been regarded as Col. Strombiformis Lam. It is however easily distinguished from that species. We have represented at f. 6,a small and more slender variety. Found under stones on the Shores of South America, H. Cuming. 3. Col. hamastoma Sow. (pl. xxxvi. f. 5.) Z P. i. p- 116. Col. testa oblonga, leevigata; apice acuminato; anfractibus 7—8, castaneis, albo-maculatis, ultimi dorso nigro, infra castaneo ; apertura elongata, flexuosd; labio externo extis incrassato, superné prominente, albo; peritremate aurantiaco; labio interno intus denticulato; columella unituberculata. Shell oblong, smooth, apex acuminated; volutions 7—8, chestnut coloured, spotted with white, the back of the last volution black, chestnut in front; aperture elongated, flexuous; outer lip thickened externally, prominent and white poster- iorly; peritreme orange coloured; inner lip toothed within; columella with a single irregular tubercle. Found under stones on the Shores at Panama and the Gallapagos Islands, H. Cuming. 4. Col. -castanea Sowd:... (pl. “xxxvi. 072011.) "Zr P. nH. 118. Col. testa ovato-oblonga, castanea, punctulis albis conspersa; spira breviuscula, acuminata; anfractibus 5, superné anguli- feris, ultimo magno ad basin spiralitér sulcato; apertura elongata, flexuosa, superné angulosé; peritremate aurantiaco; labio externo inttis denticulato, interno superné callifero, medio albo, eroso, infra plicato-rugoso. Shell oblong-ovate, chesnut coloured, with white dots ; spire rather short, acuminated ; volutions five, angular posteriorly, the last large and spirally grooved anteriorly ; aperture length- ened flexuous, angular posteriorly; peritreme orange co- loured; outer lip toothed within, inner with a posterior callus, middle white, eroded, rough with small plaits in front. Real Llejos, Central America, H. Cuming. 112 5. Col. labiosa. (pl. xxxvi, f. 8, 9.) Sow. Gen. Col. testa ovato-subtrigonali, lata, levigata, fusca, albido- punctulata, epidermide tenui induta; spira brevi, acuminata, anfractibus 6, ultimis tribus posticé obsoleté unisulcatis, ul- timo anticé sulcis transversis obsoletiusculis nonnullis, posticé rotundato-angulato ; apertura longitudinali, flexuoso; labio externo extts margine acutiusculo, fusco, intus albo, varice longitudinali denticulato; labio interno posticé callifero, anticé intts tuberculo oblongo columellari instructo, medio eroso. Shell ovato-subtriangular, broad, smooth, fuscous, with whitish dots and transverse blackish close-set slender lines, covered with a thin epidermis; spire short, acuminated, with six volutions, of which the three last have an obsolete pos- terior groove and the last is posteriorly rotundato-angular and furnished anteriorly with several rather obsolete transverse grooves; aperture longitudinal, flexuous ; outer lip externally with a rather sharp fuscous border, white within, with a longi- tudinal denticulated varix ; inner lip posteriorly callous and furnished within with an oblong columellar tubercle in front. Found abundantly at St. Elena, W. Columbia, H. Cuming. 6. Col. Harpiformis. Sow. (pl. xxxvi, f. 10, 12,) Z. P., Part ii. p. 113. Col. testa ovato-subtrigon, nigra, albido-maculata; epider- mide tenui fulvé induta; spira brevi; anfractibus 6 — 7, marginibus crenulatis, ultimo trigonali, longitudinaliter cos- tato; apertura elongaté, superné in canalem elongatam producta; labio externo incrassato, inflexo, intus denticulato ; canali sub-recurva. Shell ovate sub-triangular black, speckled with whitish and furnished with a thin fulvous epidermis; spire short, of 6 or 7 volutions, with crenulated edges; last volution tri- angular, longitudinally ribbed; aperture elongated and _pro- duced into a lengthened canal posteriorly; outer lip thick- ened, inflected, internally denticulated; canal slightly recurved. Found on dead shells in the Bay of Panama, at a depth of ten fathoms, H. Cuming. 7, Col. uncinata Sow. (pl. xxxvi, f. 13.14.) Z. P. i. i114. Col. testa oblonga, utrinque acuminata, fulva, fascia centrali albido-articulaté; anfractibus 6—7, superioribus parvis, sub- 113 nodulosis ; ultimo maximo, superné angulato ; apertura longi- tudinali, elongata, flexuos4, superné in canalem brevem uncinatam porrecté; labio externo incrassato, intus denti- culato ; denticulis confertis; labio interno granuloso. Shell oblong, acuminated at both ends, fulvous, with a central band articulated with whitish; volutions six or seven, of which the first are small, subnodulose, and the last very large and angular behind; aperture longitudinal, elongated, flexuous, produced posteriorly in a short, hooked canal; outer lip thickened, toothed within; teeth close set; inner lip granular. Found on the Island of Muerte and in the Bay of Guaya- quil. H. Cuming. 8. Col. Duclosiana nob, (pl. xxxvi f. 15, 16.) Col. testa ovata, utrinque acuminata, longitudinaliter costellata, saturaté fusca, zonis binis pallidioribus; spira acuminata, anfractibus 5, costatis, ultimi magni parte ventrali longitudinaliter costato, insterstitiis costarum transversim striatis, dorsali levigata, anticé transversim striata; apertura latiuscula, flexuosa, nigricante; labio externo crasso, inttis denticulis 2—9, posticis majoribus; interno posticé cal- lifero; canali breviter acuminato, sub-reflexo; epidermide crassiuscula. Shell ovate, acuminated at both ends, with small longi- tudinal ribs, of a deep fuscous colour, with two paler zones: spire acuminated, with five ribbed volutions ; the last volution large, its ventral part longitudinally ribbed, with the interstices of the ribs transversely striated, its dorsal part smooth, transversely striated in front; aperture rather broad, flexuous, blackish ; outer lip thick, with from 8—9, small teeth within, of which the posterior are the largest; inner lip with a posterior callosity ; canal shortly acuminated, sub-recurved. Epidermis coarse and rough: found under stones on the coast of Malacca; H. Cuming; also from Java. 9. Col. chlorostoma, nod. (pl. xxxvi, f. 17, 18.) Col. testa ovata, longitudinaliter costata, levi, alba, nigro- maculata; spird mediocre, anfractibus 5, sub-ventricosis, costatis, ultimo anticé transversim striato, parte dorsali anticd costis obsoletis; apertura oblonga, latiuscula, peritre- mate fulvescente ; labio externo posticé angulato, Shell ovate, longitudinally ribbed, smooth, white with black specks ; spire of moderate length, with 5 rather ventri- 114 cose costated volutions, the last transversely striated in front and with obsolete ribs on the front of the dorsal part; aper- ture oblong, rather broad, with a slightly fulvous peritreme ; outer lip angular behind. A single specimen is in the collection of Mr. Petit de la Saussaye, which he has obligingly communicated. _It is not Buccm. chlorostoma of Wood. 10. Col. rustica. Lam. (pl. xxxvi. f. 19, 22, 24.) Col. testa ovato-turbinata, levi, albo-castaneoque reticu- lata, prope suturas maculis albis angularibus stellatis ornata ; spira breviuscula, acutiuscula, anfractibus 7, sub-ventricosis, ultimo magno, plerumque transversim striato; labio externo intus denticulis albis, interstitiis plerumque fuscis. Shell ovate turbinated, smooth, chesnut coloured, reticu- lated with white, and ornamented with white angular stellate spots near the suture; spire rather short and sharp pointed, with 7 rather ventricose volutions, the last of which is large and usually transversely striated: outer lip with small white teeth within whose interstices are usually blackish brown. ‘This species, which is common in the Mediterranean, varies greatly in its proportions as well as in its colourings ; C. acuminata of Nuttall, from Fayal, does not appear to differ from the more acuminated varieties of the coast of Sicily, of which a representation is given by Philippi. The hairy epidermis distinguishes this species from Col. Juscata. We believe that several of its varieties have been elevated to the rank of species by Duclos, Kiener and others. 11. Col. fuscata. .Sow. (pl. xxxvi. f. :21. 25.) Z. P. He spl 7 Col. testa ovato-acuminaté, medio ventricosa, castanea, albido-guttulata, epidermide fusca, levi, induté ; spira acumi- nata: anfractibus 7, ultimo maximo; apertura elongata flexuosa; peritrematis albidi aut violacei medio intis denti- culato ; columelle dimidio inferiore denticulato. Shell ovate, acuminated, ventricose in the middle, of a chesnut colour with little white specks, covered with a smooth fuscous epidermis, spire acuminated: volutions 7, the last very large; aperture elongated, flexuous; peritreme whitish or violaceous, denticulated in the middle within; lower half of the columella denticulated. Common under stones at Panama, St. Elena and Monte Christe, H. Cuming. 115 12. Col. reticulata, Lam. (pl. xxxvi. f. 23. 26.) Col. testa ovato-turbinata, levi, alba, lineis spadiceis re- ticulaté ; spira brevi, obtusa, anfractibus 5, turgidis, ultimo magno, anticé transversim striato; apertura angustiori, flexuosa, dentibus labii externi et plicis columelle obso- letiusculis. Shell ovate, turbinated, smooth, white reticulated with brown lines; spire short, obtuse, volutions 5, swelled, the last large and transversely striated in front; aperture rather narrow, flexuous; teeth of the outer lip and rugosities of the columella rather indistinct. This species varies in its colouring, some specimens being fulvous. From Brazil, in Mr. Cuming’s collection. 13. Col. festiva. Kiener. (pl. xxxvi f. 20, 27.) Col. testé ovata, albida, levi, apice breviter acuminato, obtuso nigricante; spird mediocre, anfractibus 5, ultimis duobus posticé albidis, ultimo albido castaneo-maculato ; aper- tura flexuosa, peritremate albo, denticulis columelle validis. Shell ovate, whitish, smooth, apex short, acuminated, obtuse, blackish; spire of middling length, volutions 5, the two last whitish posteriorly, the last whitish spotted with chesnut colour, and usually with arow of white specks a little in front of the suture; aperture flexuous; peritreme white, teeth of the columella distinct. Brought from Acapulco by H. Cuming. 14. Col. mercatoria. Lam. (pl. xxxvi. f. 28—32. Col. testa subovali, crassiuscula, coloribus variis picta, spira brevi, sub-acuminata, apice acutiusculo, anfractibus 5 ad 6, spiraliter sulcatis, primis interdum longitudinaliter sub- costatis, ultimo maximo, posticé sub-angulato, deinde ventri- cosiusculo, demum subcoarctato, obtuso; apertura 2/3 longitudinem teste zquante, subsinuosé; labio externo interné validé denticulato; margine externo columelle ad basin denticulis 6 ad 7, interno denticulis 2 ad 3, antico majori: labio externo posticé reflexo. Var. Monstrosa, spira producta, Sow. Gen. No. ix. Shell nearly oval, thick, variously coloured; spire short, slightly acuminated, apex sharpish, volutions 5 to 6, spirally ooved, several of the first being sometimes longitudinally but slightly ribbed, the last very large, posteriorly subangular, then subventricose, at length somewhat contracted, obtuse ; aperture two-thirds of the length of the shell, somewhat P 116 sinuous ; outer lip internally strongly denticulated ; outer edge of the columella with 6 or 7 little teeth at the base, inner edge with 2 or 3 of which the anterior is the larger; outer lip posteriorly reflected. A very common West Indian species; it varies greatly in colour, and sometimes also in form, we have figured a variety with the spire unusually acuminated from Mr. Stainforth’s collection. Some varieties of this Shell appear to have been regarded as distinct species by Kiener. 15. Col. rudis. Nod. (pl. xxxvi.. f. 33, 34, 35.) Col. testa oblonga, rudi, plerumque albida, punctis strigisque irregulariter ornata; spira longiuscula, acutiuscula, anfractibus 7, transversim crassé granuloso-striatis, posticé anguliferis, ultimo magno ; apertura sub-flexuosa alba, peritremate posticé angulifero; canali sub-reflexo. Shell oblong, rough, usually whitish, irregularly ornamented with dots and stripes; spire rather long and sharp-pointed, volutions 7, with thick transverse granular striz, posteriorly angular, the last large; aperture rather flexuous, white; peritreme angular posteriorly ; canal sub-reflected. Two varieties are figured from Nevis; in Mr. Cuming’s and other collections. 16. Col. Paytensis Lesson. spurca Sow. (pl. xxxvi. f. 36, 37.) Z. Peart op. Wis. Col. testa oblonga, castanea, albido maculata; et guttata, spira acuminata; anfractibus 7, posticé, angulatis, ultimo ventricoso, infra spiraliter sulcato; apertura lata, oblonga, inttis violascente, superné angulata; labio externo sub- flexuoso, sub-incrassato, intts denticulato; columella infra unituberculata ; labii interni margine ad basin denticulis 6. Shell oblong, chestnut coloured with whitish spots and specks; spire acuminated, volutions 7, posteriorly angular, the last ventricose, spirally sulcated anteriorly ; aperture oblong, broad, internally violaceous, angular posteriorly; outer lip rather flexuous and thickened, denticulated internally ; columella with one tubercle at the lower part; edge of the inner lip with six small teeth at its base. Common under stones on the coast of Peru; inner Lobos Island, H. Cuming. 17. Col. Turturina Lam. (pl. xxxvii. f. 38, 39, 40.) Col. testa brevi; crassiuscula, levigata, albicante, maculis variis aurantiaco-brunneis picta ; spira brevi; sub-mucronata ; 117 prope apicem granosé; anfractu ultimo maximo, levi, ad basin et propé externam partem labii externi transversim sulcato; apertura subsinuosa, purpurascente rosea, ad basin columelle denticulis parvis 5 externis, internis duobus validis. Variat sulcis labii externi obsoletis. Variat testa parvula, spira acuminatiuscula. Shell short, thickish, smooth, whitish, variously spotted with orange brown; spire short, somewhat mucronated, granose toward the apex; last volution very large, smooth, trans- versely grooved at the base, and at the outer part of the outer lip: aperture somewhat sinuous, rose-purple colour: with five little teeth at the base of the outer edge of the columella, and two more distinct at the inner edge. ‘From Masbate and Dumaguette, H. Cuming. 18. Col. versicolor Sow. (pl. xxxvii. f. 41—46.) Z. P. i. L19. Col. testa ovata, medio ventricosa, pallida, coloribus variis picta; spira acuminata; anfractibus 6, superné rotundato- angulatis; sutura profundé; apertura superné angulosa, peritremate intus denticulato, columelle denticulis internis duobus promentibus. Shell ovate, ventricose in the middle, pale and variously coloured, and mottled with dark colours; spire acuminated, volutions 6, rounded, angular posteriorly; suture deep; aperture angular posteriorly ; peritreme denticulated within ; columella with two prominent teeth within. One of the most variable species, particularly in its colour- ing. Worn specimens of one of its varieties, constitutes Lamarck’s Col. scripta. Found at Annaa or Chain Island, H. Cuming. Also foun at Siquijor, H. C. 19. Col. varians Sow. (pl. xxxvii. f. 47—50.) Z. P. i. pris; Col. testé ovata, medio ventricosa, albida, coloribus variis picta; spira breviter pyramidali; anfractibus 4-—6, spiraliter sulcatis, superné sub-angulatis, noduliferis ; apertura angusta, flexuosa, peritremate surperné angulato intus denticulato ; labio externo propé basin denticulato; columelle dentibus tribus, parvis. Shell ovate, ventricose in the middle, whitish, variously coloured, spire short, pyramidal, volutions 4—6, spirally grooved, posteriorly sub-angular, nodulous; aperture narrow, flexuous, peritreme angular posteriorly, denticulated within ; 118 outer lip denticulated near the base; columella with three small teeth. A very pretty species, exceedingly variable in its colouring. Found in the Gallapagos Islands, H. Cuming. Numerous specimens were brought by the Endeavour, Capt. Cook. 20. Col. pecila nob. (pl. xxxvii. f. 51, 52.) Col. testa ovata, utrinque subacuminata, transversim striata, fulva, lineis 2—3 transversis castaneis, maculisque albis varie- gata; antfractibus 5—6, posticé subcoronatis, ultimo magno, subtrigonali ; apertura latiuscula, flexuosa, labii externi medio subcoarctato. Shell ovate, slightly acuminated at either end, transversely striated, fulvous, with 2 or 3 transverse chesnut lines and. varied with white spots; volutions 5—6, posteriorly subcoro- nated, the last large, somewhat triangular; aperture rather broad, flexuous ; middle of the outer lip slightly contracted. Two specimens only were brought from Matnog, by H. Cuming. 21. Col. bidentata Menke. (pl. xxxvii. f. 53, 54.) Col. testa oblonga, levigata, pallescente, strigis maculisque castaneis undatis punctisve albis ornata; spire apice nigri- cante; anfractibus 6, posticé subnodulosis, ultimo magno, anticé transversim striato; apertura latiuscula, labio externo extus striato, interno denticulis externis 8—9, internis 2—3 : canali latiusculo. Shell oblong, smooth, pale ornamented with chesnut spots, and wavy streaks and white dots; apex of the spire blackish ; volutions six, slightly nodular posteriorly, the last large, transversely striated in front; aperture rather broad; outer lip striated externally ; inner lip with 8 or 9 small teeth on the outer edge, and 2 or 3 on the inner edge, and a pale vio- laceous spot in the middle; canal rather broad. A very graceful species, brought lately from the Swan River. 22. Col. flavida Lam. (pl. xxxvii, f. 55, 56, 57.) Buc. flavum Brug. Col. testa oblonga, levi, aurantiaca, albo-maculata et punc- tata; spira producta, sub-mucronata, anfractibus 7—8, sub- cylindraceis, posticé propé suturam maculis albis ornata, ultimo anticé transversim sulcato, medio punctulis albis adsperso; sutura valida; apertura longitudinali, breviuscula, intus rosea vel purpurea, flexuosa, labio externo varice crasso instructo, extus costellis transversis medianis, margine flexuoso tenuiusculo, acutiusculo intus denticulato; labio interno la-. 119 mellam levatam columellarem efformante; canali_brevi, reflexo. Shell oblong, smooth, orange coloured with white spots and dots; spire produced, sub-mucronated ; volutions 7—8, sub-cylindrical, posteriorly spotted with white near the suture ; last volution transversely grooved in front,sprinkled with white dots in the middle suture distinct; aperture longitudinal, rather short, flexuous, rose coloured or purplish within; outer lip thickly varicose, with little transverse ridges toward the middle externally, its margin flexuous, rather thin and sharp, denticulated within ; edge of the columellar lip slightly raised ; canal short, reflected. A common and variable species, particularly inits colouring. Its epidermis is rather rough. We have figured several varietes. By mistake this has been called C. semipunctata in my work on the Genera of Shells. 23. Col. semipunctata. Lam. (pl. xxxvil. f. 58 — 61.) Bucem. punctatum Brug. Col. testa ovato-turbinata, levi, castanea, albo maculata, spira brevi, mucronata, anfractibus 7—~8, brevibus, albo- castaneoque articulatis, ultimo magno, versus anticam partem attenuato, posticé castaneo-alboque articulato, mediané casta- neo albidoque punctulato, anticé transversimsulcato ; apertura elongata, sub-flexuosa, posticé canalem angustam instructa, intus violascente ; labio externo extus crasso, margine antico tenuiusculo, extis transversim striato; labio interno anticé laminam levatam columellarem instructo; canali_breyi, reflexo. Shell ovate turbinated, smooth, chestnut coloured with white spots; spire short, mucronated; volutions 7 — 8, short, alternately white and chesnut spotted, the last large, anteriorly attenuated, posteriorly alternately white and chest- nut spotted, chestnut in the middle, with white dots, ante- riorly transversely grooved ; aperture elongated, sub-flexuous, posteriorly with a narrow canal, violaceous within ; outer lip externally thick, its anterior margin thin, outwardly trans- versely striated; columellar lip slightly raised anteriorly ; canal short, reflected. This species also varies much in its colouring; we have a specimen quite white. Philippine Islands, H. Cuming. 24. Col. Tringa. nod. (pl. xxxvii. f. 62.) Mitra Lam. Col. testa oblonga, levi, alba, maculis ineequalibus, angu- laribus, ferrugineis picta, apice acuminato ; spira sub-elongata, 120 anfractibus 8—9, ultimo anticé transversim sulcato; apertura longitudinali, sub-flexuosé; labii externi crassi margine antico tenuiusculo ; labio interno lamellam levatam colum- ellarem instructo; canali brevi, sub-reflexo. Shell oblong, smooth, white, with unequal angular rusty spots, apex acuminated; spire rather elongated, volutions 8—9, the last transversely sulcated in front; aperture longi- tudinal, sub-flexuous ; anterior edge of the thickened outer lip rather thin; edge of the columellar lip slightly raised anteriorly ; canal short, somewhat reflected. Very nearly related to Col. flavida. It appears to be very rare as we have only seen two specimens in Mr. Cuming’s collection. Lamarck says it is found in the Medi- teranean. We suspect it belongs to the South Seas. 25. Col. obtusa. Sow. (pl. xxxvu, f. 63, 64.) Z. P. ii. oh Col. testa oblonga, sub-cylindricé, levi; anfractibus 8, albicantis, castaneo-maculatis, maculis angulatis, sub-trapezi- formibus ; anfractu ultimo ad basin sulcato. Shell oblong, sub-cylindrical, smooth; volutions 8, whitish, with angular, somewhat trapeziform chestnut spots; last volution grooved at the anterior part; apex obtuse. Found at Huaheine, one of the Society Islands, H. Cuming. 26. Col. splendidula, nod. (pl. xxxvii.f. 65. 66.) Col. testa oblonga, levi, aurantiaca, maculis albis castaneis- que variegaté ; spira breviuscula, sub-acuminata, anfractibus 7—8, brevibus, ultimo magno, anticé transversim striato; apertura sub-flexuosa, alba, labio externo extus varicoso, margine tenuiusculo; labio interno anticé laminam levatam columellarem instructo: canali brevi, sub-reflexo. Shell oblong, smooth, orange coloured, varied with white and chestnut marks; spire rather short, slightly acuminated ; volutions 7—8, short, the last large and transversely striated anteriorly; aperture sub-flexuous, white; outer lip exter- nally varicose, with a thin edge, inner lip with a slightly raised lamina anteriorly ; canal short, slightly reflected. Found in coarse sand, at a depth of seven fathoms, near the Island of Corrigedor, Bay of Manilla, by H. Cuming. 27. Col. ovulata Lam. (pl. xxxvi. f. 67, 68, 69.) Col. testa ovato-oblonga, levi, transversim tenerrimé striata, vel ferruginea, vel castanea, vel nigra maculis albis irregul- aribus sparsis ornata; spira brevi, mucronata; anfractibus 121 7—8, ultimo maximo, anticé attenuato, transversim striato; labio externo extis incrassato, margine tenui, intus denticulis 3 vel 4 medianis; labio interno laminam sub-levatam columel- larem efformante; apertura elongata, sub-flexuosa; canali brevi, latiusculo, sub-reflexo. Shell oblong-ovate, smooth, very finely striated transversely, of a rusty or chesnut or black coloured, sprinkled with whitish irregular spots; spire short, mucronated ; volutions 7—8, the last very large, attenuated anteriorly and transversely striated, outer lip externally thickened, its edge thin, with 3 or4 small teeth in the middle within; inner lip with a slightly elevated columellar lamina; aperture elongated, sub-flexuous; canal short, rather broad and slightly recurved. 28. Col. obscura. Nod. (pl. xxxvii. f. 70, 71.) Col. testa oblonga, levi, obscuré fulva, strigis longitudin- alibus nigris, spira sub-acuminata, anfractibus 7, posticé albo- nigroque articulatis, ultimo anticé transversim sulcato ; labio externo sub-incrassato, margine acutiusculo, intus mediané dentibus 3—4 obsoletis; interno anticé laminam levatam collumellarem efformante ; canali brevi sub-reflexo Shell oblong, smooth, of a dull fulvous colour, with irregular longitudinal black stripes; spire slightly acuminated; volutions 7, posteriorly alternately white and black spotted, the last transversely striated anteriorly ; outer lip slightly thickened, with a sharpish edge and with 3 to 4 obsolete teeth in the middle within; inner lip and canal-like C. ovulata. North West coast of New Holland, Mr.Cuming’s Collection. 29. Col. nitidula. Sow. Genera. Lam. (pl. xl. f. 162.) Col. testa ovato-oblonga, levi, nitida, albicante, brunneo- marmorata, spira ad apicem acutiuscula, anfractibus 6, pauxillulum ventricosis, ultimo maximo, 3/4 longitudinis teste quante; apertura elongata, sinuosd, angustiori, dentibus internis labii externi circa 12, interstitiis nigri- cantibus. Shell oblong-ovate, smooth, shining, whitish marbled with brown; spire rather sharp at the apex, with six very slightly ventricose volutions, the last of which is very large and equal in length to 3/4 of the shell; aperture elongated, sinuous, rather narrow ; internal teeth of the outer lip about 12, with blackish interstices. This very common species is the Buccm. nitidulum Lin. and the Columbella nitida Lam. Linné has confounded our 122 Col. concinna with it. From Nevis and other West Indian Islands. 30. Col. marmorata Gray in Beechey p. 129. pl. xxxvi. f, 129. (pl. xxxvii. f. 72, 73.) Col. testa oblonga, utrinquesub-acuminata, levi, ferruginea, albo-maculata et punctaté; spira sub-mucronata, anfractibus 7---8, ultimo transversim striato, labio externo sub-incrassato, intus denticulis 8---9; labio interno anticé laminam col- umellarem sub-obsoletam instructo; canali brevi, subreflexo. Shell oblong, slightly acuminated at either extremity, smooth, rust coloured, dotted and spotted with white; spire slightly mucronated, volutions 7---8, the last transversely striated, outer lip somewhat thickened with 8 or 9 small teeth within, inner lip with a slight columellar lamina; canal short sub-reflected. Found on the reefs at the Island of Capul, H. Cuming. 81. Col. Philippinarum Reeve. (pl. xxxvii. f. 74, 75, 76.) Col. testé ovato-turbinata, levi, alba, nigro-undatim vari- egata, spira brevitér conicé, anfractibus 7, ultimo maximo, posticé rotundato-angulato, anticé conico, basi transversim striato; labii externi medio crassiusculo, denticulato, labio interno laminam_ sub-levatam columellarem_ efformante; canali reflexo. Shell ovate, turbinated, smooth, white, varied with waved black marks ; spire short, conical, volutions 7, the last very large, rounded angular posteriorly, conical anteriorly, base transversely striated; middle of the outer lip thickish, denti- culated, inner lip forming a slightly elevated columellar laminar ; canal reflected. Several varieties were found at Puteao, in the Island of Lugon, by H. Cuming. It may be the Col. epamella of Duclos, but we gladly avail ourselves of Mr. Reeve’s name in preference to the nonsense name given by Duclos, 32. Col. corniformis nob, (pl. xxxvii. f. 77, 78.) Col. testa ovato-turbinata, levi, pallida, coloribus variis picta; spira brevitér conica, anfractibus 7, primis sex medio obtusé angulato, marginibus prope suturam levatiusculis ; ultimo anfractu magno, elongato-conico, anticé transversim striato; labio externo tenuiusculo, intus denticulis plurimis ; canali sub-reflexo. Shell ovate, turbinated, smooth, pale, ornamented with 123 various coloured markings; spire short, conical, volutions 7, the 6 first obtusely angular in the middle, their edges near the suture slightly raised ; the last volution large, of a lengthened conical form, and transversely striated anteriorly; outer lip rather thin, with many small teeth within; canal slightly reflected. In Mr. Cuming’s collection. 33. Col. aspersa; nob. (pl. xxxvii. f. 79, 80.) Col. testa oblongo-ovata, levi, alba, castaneo-reticulata et maculata, spira sub-acuminata, apice obtuso, anfractibus 6, posticé rotundatis, ultimo anticé transversé obsoleté striato, apertura latiuscula, flexuosé, labio externo intis mediané tuberculato, denticulis obsoletis, margine levigato; canali latiusculo, brevi. Shell oblong-ovate, smooth, white, reticulated and spotted with chesnut colour ; spire slightly acuminated with an obtuse apex; volutions six, posteriorly rounded, the last obsoletely transversely striated anteriorly ; aperture rather broad flexu- ous ; outer lip tubercular in the middle within, the tubercle rather elongated, with obsolete teeth ; margin smooth; canal rather broad, short. Two specimens are in Mr. Cuming’s and one in Lady Harvey’s collection, locality unknown. 34. Col. albina Kiener (pl. xxxviii. f. 81, 82.) Col. testa oblongo-acuminata, levi, albida, coloribus variis ornata; spira elongatiuscula, anfractibus 9, breviusculis, sub- cylindraceis, ultimo magno, ante suturam tumidiusculo, posticé nonnunquam sub-tuberculifero; apertura breviuscula, _lati- uscula ; labio externo sub-incrassato, intus denticulato ; canali brevi, lato. Shell oblong, acuminated, smooth, whitish, ornamented with various colours, spire rather lengthened; volutions 9, rather short, sub-scylindrical, the last large, slightly tumid in front of the suture, sometimes slightly tuberculiferous behind; aperture rather short and broad ; outer lip somewhat thick- ened, denticulated within ; canal short, broad. Found by Mr. Cuming at Puerto-galero, Isle of Mindoro, 35. Col. Ligula Ducl. (pl. xxxviii, f. 83, 84, 85.) Col. testa oblonga, acuminata, levi, albida, coloribus variis fasciatim picta; spira elongata, turritaé, anfractibus 8—9, sub-ventricosis, nitidis, ultimo magno; labio externo extis crassiusculo, variciforme, intus denticulato ; labio interno an- ticé Jaminam levatam columellarem efformante, intts denti- culis rugosiusculo. Q 124 Sheli oblong, acuminated, smooth, whitish, banded with yarious colours; spire elongated, turreted, volutions 8—9, slightly ventricose, shining, the last large ; outer lip thickened: externally, variciform, denticulated within ; inner lip forming an elevated columellar lamina in front; rather rough within with small teeth, Found by Mr. Cuming at Ticao, 36. Col. Fabula, nod. (pl. xxxvili, f. 86, 87.) C. Pado- nosta Ducl. Col. testa ovata, levi, pallida, coloribus obscuris variis picta, spira acuminata, conicd, apice acuto, anfractibus 6—7, margine suturali Ievatiusculo: ultimo magno, anticé trans- versim striato; apertura lata, labio externo tenuiusculo, pos- ticé sub-emarginato, intis in mediam sub-tumido, denticu- lato, canali lato. Shell ovate, smooth, pale, varied with dull colours; spire acuminated, conical, its apex acute; volutions 6—7, with the sutural edge slightly raised; the last volution large, trans- versely striated in front ; aperture broad, outer lip rather thin, slightly notched behind and somewhat tumid and denticulated. within in the middle; canal broad. A variety has been found under stones in the Bay of Muerte Island of Corrigedor by Mr. Cuming. 37. Col. Tyleri, Gray, in Griffith’s Cuvier. (pl. xxxviil, f. 88, 89.) C. Palmerina Duclos. Col. testa ovato-oblonga, levi, alba, nigro-reticulata ; spira acuminata, anfractibus 7, ventricosiusculis, ultimo magno, gibboso, anticé transversim striato; apertura latiuscula, labio externo sub-incrassato, intts denticulis paucis instructo ; labio interno laminam columellarem sub-levatam anticé effor- mante; canali brevi, lato, sub-reflexo. Shell oblong, ovate, smooth, white, reticulated with black, spire acuminated, volutions 7, slightly ventricose, the last large, gibbous, transversely striated in front; aperture rather broad, outer lip somewhat thickened, with a few internal teeth ; inner lip forming a slightly elevated anterior columel- lar lamina; canal short, broad, slightly reflected. 38. Col.Pardalina, Lam. (pl. xxxviii, f. 90, 91, 92.) Col. testa ovata, levi, alba maculis reteformibus nigris. ornata, spira breviuscula, anfractibus 6—7, brevibus, ultimo magno, anticé transversim striato; labio externo crasso, extus transversim striato, inttis in mediam tumido denticulato ; apertura angustiori, flexuosa, labio interno tenui, supra colum- ellam anticé levato; canali brevi, lato. 125 Shell ovate, smooth, white, reticulated with black, spire rather short, volutions 6—7, short, the last large, trans- versely striated in front, outer lip thick, transversely striated externally, tumid and denticulated in the middle within ; aper- ture rather narrow, flexuous, inner lip thin, raised upon the columella in front: canal short, broad. Brought from the Island of Guimaras and from Ticao, by H. Cuming. 39. Col. Vulpecula, nod. (pl. xxxviii, f. 93.) Col. testa ovata, crassa, levi, albida, ferrugineo marmorata ; spira sub-acuminata, anfractibus 6—7, ultime magno, leviter transversim striato, anticé striis validioribus ; labio externo crasso, extus transversim striato, intis in mediam tumido, denticulato ; apertura flexuosa, canali lato, brevi. Shell ovate, thick, smooth, whitish, marbled with rust colour; spire slightly acuminated, volutions 6—7, the last large, slightly transversely striated, the anterior striz more distinct ; outer lip thick, transversely striated externally, tumid and denticulated in the middle within; aperture flexuous, canal broad, short. 40. Col. fulgurans, Lam. (pl. xxxviil, f. 94, 95, 96.) Col. testa ovata, crassa, levi, nigra, strigis albis vel punc- tulis ornata; spira breviuscula, acuminata, anfractibus 8—9, sub-convexis, ultimo magno, propé suturam validam rotun- dato, apertura sinuosa, callo interno denticulato labii externi prominente ; canali brevissimo. Shell ovate, thick, smooth, black, with white streaks or dots ; spire rather short, acuminated; volutions 8—9, rather convex, the last large and rounded near the distinct suture ; aperture sinuous, internal denticulated callus of the outer lip prominent; canal very short. It is sometimes of an orange colour with white spots and streaks. Found under stones at low water on the Island of Guimaras, and in many other places in India. It will be observed that we have considered Lamarck’s Columbella fulgurans and punctata as mere varieties of one species: we have represented both. 41. Col. flexuosa. (pl. xxxviii, f. 97.) Buccm. flexuo- sum, Lam. Kiener, Buccm, p. 44. Col. testa oblonga, crassa, levi, albicante, lineis flexuosis, longitudinalibus castaneis picta; spira acuminata, anfractibus 7, serie unica tuberculorum instructis; apertura ovato- 126 oblonga, intus alba; labii externi denticulis internis paucis, distantibus. Shell oblong, thick, smooth, whitish, with longitudinal chesnut coloured flexuous lines; spire acuminated, volutions 7, furnished with a single row of small tubercles; aperture oblong-ovate, white within, internal teeth of the outer lip few and distant. Kiener’s French description and his figure do not agree, but his figure accords with the character given by Lamarck, who does not mention any tubercles, nevertheless, the only speci- men we have seen, and which was obtained by Mr. Cuming, from Lamarck’s collection,’ possesses these tubercles, and in other respects accords with Lamarck’s character: we judgefrom these circumstances, that there are two varieties, one with tubercles, and the other without. 42, Col. Terpsichore, Leathes. (pl. xxxviii, f. 98, 99.) Col. testa oblonga, crassiuscula, costellata, albicante, maculis strigilisque fuscis concinné ornata, spira pyramidali, sub-acu- minata, apice obtusiusculo; anfractibus 6, levibus, primis longitudinaliter costellatis, ultimo primum costellato, deinde levigato, postice tuberculis parvis instructo, ad basin spira- liter tenuiter sulcato; apertura latiusula, labio externo intus tantum denticulato, (nullo modo tumido) rugis ad basin colu- melle parvis. Shell oblong, thickish, with little ribs, whitish with little specks and streaks of fuseous ; spire pyramidal sub-acumi- nated, its apex rather obtuse: volutions 6, smooth, the first longitudinally costellated, the last costellated at its commence- ment, then smooth and furnished posteriorly with small tuber- cles, slightly transversely grooved in front; aperture rather broad, outer lip only denticulated, (not tumid) within; rugosities at the base of the columella small. From Nevis, W. Indies, H. Cuming. 43. Col. Boivinii, Kiener. (pl. xxxviii, f. 100.) Col. testa ovata, crassa, levi, nigra, albo-guttata; apice acuminato, anfractibus 6—7, brevibus, tribus ultimis posticé tuberculatis; ultimi magni parte ventrali nonnunquam rugis nonnullis instructo ; apertura latiuscula, posticé angulata, intus alba; margine interno labii externi fusco, denticulato. Shell ovate, thick, smooth, black, dotted with white ; apex acuminated, volutions 6—7, short, the three last posteriorly tuberculated; the ventral part of the last, which is large, is sometimes furnished with a few wrinkles; aperture rather 127 broad, angulated posteriorly, white within; inner margin of the outer lip fuscous, denticulated. From the Gulf of Nocoiya, Central America, R. B. Hinds, Esq. 44, Col. corniculata (pl. xxxviiil. f. 101, 102.) Bucce. corniculatum Lamarck, Kiener; Buccm. Linnei Payrad. Col. testa oblongo-conica, angusta, levi, nitida, pallida, varié maculata et strigataé, apice acuminato; anfractibus 8, planulatis, connatis; apertura brevi, latiusculé, plerumque aurantiaca, labio externo sub-incrassato, intus denticulato, denticulis medianis majoribus, canali brevissimo. Shell oblong, conical, narrow, smooth, shining, pale coloured, variously spotted and streaked; apex acuminated ; volutions 8, flat-sided, lying close at the sutures; aperture short, rather broad, generally orange coloured, outer lip somewhat thickened, denticulated within, the middle teeth being the largest ; canal very short. This species which is the Buccm. corniculatum of Lamarck and Kiener, has been named Buccm. Linnei by Payradeau. It is a common species in the Mediterranean and very variable in its colouring. 45. Col. semiconvexa, (pl. xxxviii. f, 103, 104.) Buccm. Lam. Col. testa ovato-subulata, crassiuscula, levi, pallida, strigis irregularibus castaneis ornata, spira acuminata, anfractibus 8, sub-planulatis; apertura brevi latiuscula, anticé effusa, labio externo intus sub-incrassato, denticulato: anfractu ultimo anticé transversim striato. Shell ovate-subulate, thickish, smooth, pale with irregular chestnut stripes, spire acuminated, volutions 8, flattish ; aperture short, rather broad, anteriorly effuse; outer lip some- what thickened within, denticulated ; last volution transversely striated in front. From Port Lincoln, Australia, Lamarck and Kiener have placed it with the Buccina; it varies much in size and col- ouring, and approximates in general character to Col. corni- culata (B. Linnei Payr.) 46. Col. Zebra Gray (pl. xxxviii. f. 105.) Col. testa oblonga, pyramidali, levi, pallida, castaneo-stri- gilata, spira subacuminata, anfractibus 6, subconvexis, apice obtusiusculo ; apertura lata, labio externo intus subincrassato, denticulis paucis, distantibus. Shell oblong, pyramidal, smooth, pale, streaked with chestnut 128 colour; spire somewhat acuminated, volutions 6, rather con- vex, apex rather obtuse; aperture broad, outer lip slightly thickened within, with a few small distant teeth. New Zealand; all the specimens we have seen are pierced and have formed a necklace. 47. Col. fasciata Sow. (pl. xxxvii. f. 106, 107.) Tank. Cat. No. 2014. App. p. XXv. Col. testa oblonga, levi, apice obtuso, basi transversé sul- cata; anfractibus albido fulvoque variegatis, posticé albis ; sutura valida, sulco sub-obsoleto propé suturam; columella leviuscula. This species is first described in the Catalogue of the Tankerville Collection. On a ticket in Mr. Budgin’s hand writing it was called “The white banded and variegated large Olive-nut, from the East Indies; V. fasciata.” The speci- men is in the British Museum, and Mr. Cuming possesses a single specimen of a variety with a few nearly obsolete tu- bercles toward the posterior part of the last volution. The aperture is large and wide. Shell oblong, smooth, apex obtuse, base transversely sul- cated, volutions varied with whitish and chestnut, white pos- teriorly ; suture distinct; a somewhat obsolete groove pos- teriorly near the suture ; columella nearly smooth. 48. Col. concinna Sow. Genera. (pl. xxxvii. f. 108, 109.);Bucem. levigatum Lam. Col. testé oblonga, albicante, punctulis strigisve fulvis et plerumque vitta spirali mediana albo-nigroque articulata ornata; spira pyramidali, apice acuminato, etate obtuso; anfractibus 5—7, ventricosiusculis, ultimo maximo posticé sub-angulato, propé suturam albo strigis fulvis interrupto ; apertura magna, lata, labio externo intus denticulato. Shell oblong, whitish, with fulvous dots and streaks and generally ornamented with a white and black spotted middle spiral band, spire pyramidal, apex acuminated, (obtuse with age.) Volutions 5—7, rather ventricose, the last very large and slightly angular posteriorly, white interrupted by fulvous streaks near the suture; aperture large, broad, outer lip den- ticulated within. 49. Col. avara, Say. (pl. xxxyii. f. 110.) Col. testa ovato-oblonga, fuscescente; spira acuminata, anfractibus 6, convexiusculis, longitudinaliter costatis, inter- stitiis creberrimé decussatis, ultimoantice transversim striato ; 129° apertura lata, denticulis internis labii externi paucis, distan- tibus : labio interno laminam sub-levatam efformante, margine interno denticulato. Shell oblong-ovate, fuscous, spire acuminated, volutions 6, rather convex, longitudinally ribbed, with the interstices very delicately decussated; the last volution transversely striated in front; aperture wide, small internal teeth of the outer lip few, and distant; inner lip forming a slightly elevated lamina, its inner edge denticulated. Massachusets, Dr. Gould. 50. Col. Miser, nod. (pl. xxxviii, f. 111.) Col. testa ovato-oblonga, albicante vel lutescente, spira py- ramidali, anfractibus 6, convexiusculis anticé castaneo macu- latis, posticis quinque longitudinaliter costatis, antico cos- tato, sed costis dorsalibus anticé evanidis; apertura latius- cula, subrhomboidali, dentibus internis labii externi paucis, parvulis, Shell oblong-ovate, whitish or yellowish, spire pyramidal, volutions 6, rather convex, speckled with chesnut in front, the 5 posterior yolutions longitudinally ribbed, the anterior volution ribbed, but the dorsal ribs are almost obsolete ante- riorly, aperture rather broad, sub-rhomboidal, teeth within the outer lip few and small. There is a variety with nearly obsolete ribs. Locality un- known: in Mr. Bean’s collection, and in my own. 51. Col. cribraria: Bucem. cribrarium, Lam. (pl. xxviii. f. 112, 113.) Col. testé oblongo-pyramidali, levigata, fusca, maculis, guttulisque albidis notata ; spira acuminata, plerumque de- collata ; anfractibus 7—8, ultimo spiraliter striato ad basin ; apertura albicante, dentibus internis peritrematis superioribus majusculis. Shell oblong, pyramidal, smooth, fuscous, speckled, and spotted with whitish ; spire acuminated, generally decollated, volutions 7—8, the last spirally striated at the base ; aper- ture whitish, upper teeth of the inside of the outer lip larger than the rest. Very common at Panama, under stones, H. Cuming. It has long been well known, but we have described it by the name of Col. guttata in Zool. Proc, ii. p. 118. 52. Col. dichroa, nod. (pl. xl, f. 168, 169.) Col. testé oblongo-sub-pyramidali, levigata, alba, casta- 130 neo sphacelata, apice obtuso, anfractibus quinque, apertura lata. Shell oblong, somewhat pyramidal, smooth, white with chesnut patches, apex obtuse; volutions 5, aperture broad. St. Vincents, Rev. L. Guilding, in my own collection. 53. Col. rugosa Sow. (pl. xxxvili. f. 114,115.) Z. P. ii. p. 115. Col. testé oblonga, medio gibbosula; epidermide fusca, spiree apice plerumque eroso ; anfractibus 7, longitudinaliter costato-rugosis ; ultimo infra spiraliter costato, superné longi- tudinaliter costato, costis omnibus superné unituberculatis ; apertura sub-aperta. Shell oblong, rather gibbous in the middle ; with a fuscous epidermis, apex of the spire generally eroded; volutions 7, longitudinally ribbed or wrinkled, the last transversely ribbed in front and longitudinally ribbed posteriorly; all the ribs posteriorly tuberculated; aperture rather wide. Found under stones at Panama and Xipixapi, H. Cuming. 54. Col. varia Sow. (pl. xxxix. f. 116, 117.) Z. P.ii. p. 116. Col. testa oblongaé, decussato-costata, apicé acuminato ; anfractibus 8—9 fuscis, albido variegatis, longitudinaliter cos- tatis, interstitiis costarum sulcatis; apertura sub-ovali; labii externi extus incrassati margine superné emarginato. Shell oblong, cross-ribbed, apex acuminated, volutions 8—9, fuscous varied with whitish, longitudinally ribbed, inter- stices of the ribs grooved; aperture nearly oval; outer lip thickened externally ; its edge posteriorly emarginated. The ribs cease a little below the middle of the last volution, Found under stones at Panama, H. Cuming, 55. Col. scalarina Sow. (pl. xxxix. f. 118.) Z. P. i. p. 116, Col. testa ovata, longitudinaliter costata, spira pyramidali, anfractibus 6—7, superné contabulatis, longitudinaliter cos- tatis, interstitiis costarum decussatis, costis ad basin continuis; apertura coarctataé, superné emarginata; peritremate intus denticulato ; denticulis superioribus majoribus. Shell ovate, logitudinally ribbed, spire pyramidal, volutions 6—7, flattened posteriorly, longitudinally ribbed, interstices of the ribs crossed; ribs coutinued on the base; aperture contracted, posteriorly emarginated; peritreme denticulated within, posterior teeth the larger. Found under stones at Panama and Chiriqui, H, Cuming, 131 56. Col. lactea, (pl. xxxix. f. 119, 120.) Bucc. lacteum Kiener. Col. testa ovato-oblonga, nitida, pallescente, spira brevius- cula, acuminata, anfractibus 6—7, convexiusculis, levigatis, ultimo magno ; labio externo extus incrassato, apertura lati- uscula, canali brevi, paululum levato. Shell oblong-ovate, shining, whitish, spire rather short, acuminated, volutions 6—7, somewhat convex, smooth; the last large, outer lip thickened; aperture rather broad, canal short, slightly raised. 57. Col. pulchella, nod. (pl. xxxix, f. 121, 122.) Bucem. pulchellum, Kiener. Col. testa oblongo-pyramidali, albicante, fulvo marmorata, spira acuminata, anfractibus 7, convexiusculis, longitudinaliter costellatis, decussatim striatis; apertura latiuscula, dentibus internis labii externi obsoletis. Shell oblong, pyramidal, whitish marbled with fulvous, spire acuminated, volutions 7, rather convex, longitudinally ribbed, decussately striated; aperture rather broad, teeth within the outer lip obsolete. This is the Bucem Triticum of Solanders manuscripts; he gives Caffraria as its locality. 58. Col. dermestoides. (pl. xxxix, f. 123.) Buccm. der- mestoides, Kiener. Col. testa oblongo-pyramidali, levi, nitida, fulva, fasciis ma- culisque albicantibus ornata; spirad acuminata, anfractibus 6, sub-planulatis ; apertura latiuscula. Shell oblong, pyramidal, smooth, shining, fulvous, with whitish bands and spots, spire acuminated, volutions 6, flattish ; aperture rather broad. West Indies, Mr. Cuming’s collection, 59. Col. guttata, nob. (pl. xxxix. f. 124.) Col. testa oblonga, levi, castaned, albo-guttata, apice obtuso, violaceo, spira longiusculaé, anfractibus 5, sub-planulatis, ultimo magno, aperturd magna, lata, dentibus internis labii externi irregularibus ; labio columellari dento unico postico. Shell oblong, smooth, chesnut-coloured, spotted with white, apex obtuse, violaceous; spire rather lengthened, volutions 5, rather flat, the last large; aperture large, wide, teeth R 132 within the outer lip irregular ; columellar lip with a single posterior tooth. In Mr. Norris’s and Mr. Stainforth’s collections. 60. Col. jaspidea, nod. (pl. xxxix, f. 125.) Col. testa oblonga, pyramidali, levigata, albicante, fulvo- marmorata, apice acuminato, roseo, anfractibus 7, costellatis, tenuissimé decussatim striatis, costellis ultimi anfractis anticé obsoletis, apertura latiuscula, labio externo extus incrassato, intus denticulis nonnullis munito, dente unico anticé prope canalem admoto; labio columellari anticé tuberculum oblon- gum instructo. Shell oblong, pyramidal, smooth, whitish, marbled with fulvous, apex acuminated, rosy; volutions 7, with small lon- gitudinal ribs, very finely decussately striated, ribs of the last volution obsolete anteriorly ; aperture rather wide, outer lip thickened externally, with a few small teeth within, and with a single tooth placed near the canal; columellar lip furnished with an oblong tubercle in front. Found under stones at low water, on the Island of Ticao, Mr. Cuming. 61. Col. achatina. nod. (pl. xxxix. f. 126.) Col. testa oblongo-turrita, levi, pallida, brunneo-marmo- rata; apice decollato; anfractibus 6, convexiusculis, ultimo majori, anticé sulcato, sulcis paucis, imconspicuis; apertura brevi, latiuscula, intus violascente, labio externo anticé effuso. Shell oblong-turreted, smooth, pale, marbled with brown, apex decollated ; volutions 6, rather convex, the last large, grooved anteriorly, with few and inconspicuous grooves ; aperture short, rather wide, violaceous within; outer lip. effuse in front. From Swan River, Mr. Cuming’s collection. 62. Col. impolita. nobis. (pl. xxxix. f. 127.) Col. test& oblonga sub-turrita, levi, obscura, fulvescente, fascia spirali unica albida; anfractibus 7, sub-planulatis ; apertura breviuscula, sinuosa, denticulis internis labi externi paucis, prominentibus, labio columellari anticé paululum levato. Shell oblong, sub-turreted, smooth, dull, fulvous, with a single whitish spiral band; volutions 7, flattish; aperture 133 rather short, sinuous; internal teeth of the outer lip few and prominent: columellar hp slightly raised in front. Mr. Cuming’s collection. 63. Col. buccinoides. Sow. (pl. xxxrx. f. 128.) Z. P. Part 1. 1832, p. 114. Col. testé oblonga, levi, piceo-nigra, propé suturas pallide maculata; spiraé acuminata; anfractibus 8, ultimo anticé spiraliter striato; labio externo extus sub-incrassato, intus obsoleté denticulato, margine superiori sub-emarginata; canali brevissimo. Shell oblong, smooth, pitch black with pale spots near the sutures; spire acuminated; volutions 8, the last spirally striated anteriorly; outer lip rather thickened externally, obsoletely toothed within, its upper margin slightly notched, canal very short. Found under stones at low water at Ancon, Peru. Col. buccinoides of Lesson, published in 1842, is quite distinct from this. 64. Col. unicolor. Sow. Z. P. ii. 119. (pl. xxxix. f. 129.) Col. testa ovata, medio ventricosa, castanea; anfractibus 5, levibus; sutura profundiuscula; apertura latiuscula, ad basin sub-effusa ; canali brevissimo; labio externo extus incrassato, intts denticulis obsoletiusculis nonnullis. Shell ovate, ventricose in the middle, chestnut colour ; volutions 5, smooth, suture rather deep; aperture rather broad, sub-effuse anteriorly; canal very short; outer lip thickened externally, with a few obsolete teeth within. Found at the Gallapagos Islands, H. Cuming , 65. Col. unifasciata. Sow. (pl. xxxix. f. 130.) Z. P. Part ii. p. 114. C. unizonalis, Gray in Beechey. Col. testa oblongo-pyramidali, levi, castaneo-nigricante ; anfractibus 6, medio spiraliter albido-unifasciatis ; apertura breviuscula, labio externo intus denticulis nonnullis in- structo. Shell oblong, pyramidal, smooth, chestnut black, volutions 6, with a whitish spiral bandin the middle; aperture rather short, outer lip with afew small teeth within. Found under stones at low water, at Valparaiso, H. Cuming. 66. Col. rugulosa. nodis. (pl. xxxix. f. 131.) Col. testa obovata, rugulosa, crassa, violaceo-nigricante, fas- 134 cia antica maculisque parvis albidis ornata; anfractibus 5, longi- tudinaliter costatis, tenuitér decussatim striatis, striis anticis fortioribus ; apertura latiuscula, dentibus internis labii externi paucis, majusculis. Shell obovate, rugulose, thick, of a violaceous black, with an anterior band and very small dots of a whitish colour; vo- lutions 5, longitudinally ribbed, delicately decussately stri- ated, anterior cross-strie stronger than the rest; aperture rather broad, internal teeth of the outer lip few, rather large. Gallapagos Islands, H. Cuming. 67. Col. atramentaria. nod. (pl. xl. f. 174.) Col. testa ovato-acuminata, crassa, medio vextricosa, trans- versim striata, nigra, anfractibus 5---6, tenuitér longitu- dinaliter costatis; apertura lata, labio externo incrassato, interné denticulis sub-inconspicuis. Shell ovate, acuminated, thick, ventricose in the middle transversely striated, black; volutions 5---6, with fine longi- tudinal ribs; aperture broad, outer lip thickened, with rather inconspicuous small teeth within. Chatham Island, Gallapagos: G. B. Sowerby’s collection. 68. Col. Ticaonis nobis. (pl. xxxix. f. 132.) Col. testa oblonga utraque acuminata, medio turgido; palles- cente, castaneo-sphacelata ; anfractibus 6, transversim striatis, suturis levatiusculis; apertura oblonga, labio externo extus incrassato, margine tenui, denticulis internis paucis, parvulis. Shell oblong, acuminated at either extremity, turgid in the middle, pale, splashed with chesnut colour; volutions 6, transversely striated; margin of the suture rather elevated ; aperture oblong; outer lip thickened externally; its edge thin, with a few small denticles within. Found at a depth of 7 fathoms in sandy mud, at the Island of Ticao. H. Cuming. 69. Col. decussata. Nobis. (pl. xxxix. f. 133.) Col. testa oblonga, crassa, alba, fusco-marmorata; anfrac- tibus 5, turgidiusculis, decussatim costatis, apertura oblonga, subsinuosa, labio externo albo, crasso, posticé extus obtusé angulato, margine externo crenato. Shell oblong, thick, white, marbled with fuscous ; volutions 5, slightly turgid, with cross-ribs; aperture oblong, rather sinuous; outer lip white, thick, posteriorly obtusely angular externally ; inner edge crenated. Australia, G. Humphrey. 135 70. Col. coronata Sow. Z. P. ii. 114. (pl. xxxix. £134.) Col. testa oblongo-acuminata, alba, brunneo-variegata ; an- fractibus 7—8, levibus, ultimis tribus serie unica tuberculo- i mucronatorum coronatis; labio externo intus denticu- ato. Shell oblong, acuminated, white varied with brown, volu- tions 7—8, smooth, the last three crowned with a single row of mucronated tubercles; outer lip toothed within. This species varies much in the arrangement of its colours. Found under stones in the Bay of Panama, H. Cuming. 71. Col. maculosa Sow. Z. P. ii. p. 116. (pl. xxxix. f. 135.) Col. testa oblongo-subulata, albida, irregulariter fusco-macu- lata; spira acuminato-pyramidali; anfractibus 9—10, primis 7—8 levigatis, ceteris tuberculorum serie unica coronatis ; ultimo serie alter adjecté ; apertura brevi, canali sub-recurvo. Shell oblong, subulate, whitish, irregularly spotted with _fuscous ; spire acuminated, pyramidal, volutions 9—10, the first 7 or 8 smooth, the rest crowned with a single row of tubercles ; the last with an additional row; aperture short, canal sub-recurved. Dredged in sandy-mud at Guacomayo, H. Cuming. 72. Col. angularis Sow. Z. P. ii. 118. (pl. xxxix. f. 136.) Col. testa oblongo-pyramidali, pallida, fusco-varia; spira subulaté; anfractibus 10, longitudinaliter costatis, ultimi medio subangulato, basi reflexo; apertura sub-quadrata, canali longiusculo, lato, peritremate extus incrassato. Shell of an oblong pyramidal form and of a pale colour, varied with fuscous; spire subulate; volutions ten, longitu- dinally ribbed, with the centre of the last somewhat angular, reflected at the base; aperture squarish ; canal rather long, broad ; peritreme thickened externally. Panama. 73. Col. turrita, Sow., Z. P. ii. p. 115. (pl. xxxix. f. 137, 138.) Col. testa elongato-pyramidata, spira subulata; anfractibus 10, albidis, fusco-reticulatis, et propé suturam articulatis ; apertura oblongé, superné acuminata, sub-canalifera ; labio externo incrassato; peritremate albo, sub-reflexo, intus levi ; columella arcuata. Shell elongate, pyramidal, spire subulate; volutions 10, whitish, reticulated with fuscous; and alternately whitish and fuscous next to the suture; aperture oblong, acuminated, 136 and with a slight canal posteriorly; outer lip thickened, peritreme white, somewhat reflected, smooth within ; columella arched. There is a variety of a pale colour. Bay of Montigo and St. Elena, Central America, H. Cuming. 74, Col, elegans, Sow., Z. P., Part i. p. 114, (pl. xxxix. f, 139.) Col. testa elongato-subulata, alba fusco-varia et reticulata, epidermide tenui fulva induté; anfractibus 11—12, primis levibus, ceteris longitudinaliter costatis, ultimo infra spira- liter sulcato ; labio externo incrassato; peritremate sub-re- flexo, superné inttis emarginato, demum dentibus nonnullis internis; labio interno lamellari; canali incrassato. Shell elongated subulate, whitish varied and_ reticulated with fuscous and covered with a thin fulvous epidermis ; volutions 11—12, the first smooth, the rest longitudinally ribbed, the last transversely grooved anteriorly; outer lip thickened, peritreme slightly reflected, posteriorly emargi- nated within, then with a few internal teeth ; inner lip lamel- lar; canal thickened. Found in sandy mud at Guacomayo, in Central America, H. Cuming. 75. Col. dorsata, Sow. Z. P. 11. 120. (pl. xxxix. f. 140, 141.) Col. testa oblongo-pyramidali, alba, lineis irregularibus, flexuosis, confertis, castaneis obtecta ; anfractibus 8, leevibus, superné turgidulis ; ultimi lateribus inflatis dorso prominente ; sutura distinctéa; apertura angusta, flexuosa, alba; peritre- mate exttis incrassato ; labio columellari exarato. Shell oblong, pyramidal, white, covered with close set irre- gular, flexuous, chestnut lines; volutions 8, smooth, some- what turgid posteriorly, with the sides of the last inflated, and prominent on the back; suture distinct; aperture narrow, flexuous, white, peritreme outwardly thickened; columellar lip eroded. Distinguished from Col. gibberula, by its larger size, and by the middle of the columellar lip being worn away. Island of Muerte, Bay of Guyaquil, H. Cuming. 76. Col. gibberula Sow. Z. P. ii, 115. (pl. xxxix. f. 142, 143.) Col. testa ovato-pyramidali; spira subulata ; anfractibus 8—9, pallidis, brunneo-nubeculatis; ultimi dorso superné gibberulo, ad utrumque latus varicoso; apertura breviuscula ; peritremate incrassato, expanso, intus denticulis nonnullis ; 137 labio interno superné calloso, medio arcuato; canali brevi, reflexo. Shell ovate, pyramidal, spire subulate; volutions 8—9, pale clouded with brown; back of the last posteriorly gibbous, varicose on each side; aperture rather short ; peri- treme thickened, expanded, with a few small teeth within ; inner lip callous posteriorly, arched in the middle; canal short reflected. Bay of Caraccas and Puerto Portrero; H. Cuming. 77. Col. bicanalifera, Sow. Z. P., part ii., p. 113. (pl. Xxxix. f. 144,) Col. testé ovato-pyramidali, apice acuto, basi spiraliter sulcato ; anfractibus 7, superioribus longitudinalitér TugoOsis, pallescentibus, fusco-variis, ultimo pallido, fusco strigato, strigis propé suturas saturatioribus; apertura oblonga, in canalem superné decurrente, labio externo incrassato, reflexo, sub-flexuoso, superné acuminato. Shell ovate, pyramidal, apex sharp, base spirally grooved, volutions 7, upper ones longitudinally rugose, pale varied with fuscous ; the last pale with fuscous streaks, those near the sutures dark in colour ; aperture oblong, running into a canal posteriorly ; outer lip thickened, reflected, slightly flexuous, acuminated posteriorly. Dredged in sandy mud at ten fathoms depth: Gallapagos. 78. Col. blanda. Sow. (pl. xxxix. f, 145, 146.) Col. testa ovato-pyramidali, pallida, apice acuto, anfractibus 8, levibus, longitudinaliter undulatim fusco-lineatis, lineis prope suturam dorsalem ultimi anfractus fortioribus ; apertura lata, posticé acuminata, labio externo tenuiusculo, extus turgido, intus denticulis parvis instructo, canali latiusculo. Shell ovate-pyramidal, pale coloured; apex acute ; volutions 8, smooth, with longitudinal undulated fuscous lines, those near the dorsal suture of the last volution darkest in colour ; aperture broad, posteriorly acuminated; outer lip rather thin; turgid externally, with small denticles within; canal rather wide. Africa, on the Shore, Solander. 79. Col. costellata. Sow. Z. P. ii. p. 111. (pl. xxxix. 147.) Col. testé oblongo-pyramidali, albidd, castaneo-nigricante maculata ; spira acuminata, anfractibus 8—9, longitudinaliter costellatis, ultimo ad basin spiraliter striato, costellis dis- continuis. 138 Shell oblong, pyramidal, whitish, spotted with chestnut black; spire acuminated; volutions 8—9, longitudinally cos- tellated ; the last spirally striated anteriorly ; where the ribs are discontinued. The ribs are rather close-set, narrow and slightly curved ; the last six or seven not continuing more than half way from back to front of the volution; the remaining ribs continue farther down. Panama, a single specimen in H. Cuming’s collection. 80. Col. fulva. Sow. Z. P. ii. p. 115. (pl. xxxix. f. 148.) Col. testa ovato-subulata, fulva; epidermide minutissimé reticulata induta; anfractibus 10, longitudinaliter costatis, ultimo anticé spiraliter striato, superné longitudinaliter costato ; aperture labio externo dentibusque internis albis. Shell ovate-subulate, fulvous ; with a very minutely reti- culated epidermis; volutions 10, longitudinally ribbed, the last spirally striated anteriorly and posteriorly longitudi- nally ribbed; outer lip and internal teeth of the aperture white. Found under stones at Panama, H. Cuming. 80. Col. lyrata. Sow. Z. P. Part ii. p.114. (pl.xxxix.f.149.) Col. testa oblongé, acuminata, albida, epidermide fusca induta; anfractibus 10, longitudinaliter costatis, costis infra nigris; ultimo anfractu infra spiraliter striato; superné lon- gitudinalter costato, costis nigro-articulatis; apertura ob- longa, breviuscula, medio coarctata, labio externo intus den- ticulato. Shell oblong, acuminated, whitish, covered with a fuscous epidermis, volutions 10, longitudinally ribbed, ribs anteriorly black; last volution spirally striated in front; posteriorly longitudinally ribbed, ribs alternately whitish and _ black, aperture oblong, shortish, contracted in the middle; outer lip toothed within. Found under stones in the Bay of Panama, and at Chi- riqui, H. Cuming. 82. Col. fluctuata.Sow. Z. P. i. p. 115. (pl. xxxix. f. 150.) Col. testa oblonga, alba, nigro vel castaneo-maculata et fluctuataé; epidermide fuscd; spire apice plerumque eroso; anfractibus 7, longitudinaliter costatis, ultimi costis abbre- viatis ; apertura medio coarctata; labio externo superné emar- ginato, interno infra denticulato. Shell oblong, whitish, spotted and undulated with chesnut 139 or black; epidermis fuscous; apex of the spire generally eroded, volutions 7, longitudinally ribbed, the ribs of the iast volution abbreviated; aperture contracted in the middle ; outer lip emarginated posteriorly; inner lip denticulated anteriorly. Found under stones in the Gulf of Nocoiyo, H. Cuming, 83. Col. nivea. nobis. (pl. xxxix. f. 151.) Col. testa ovato-pyramidali, crassiuscula, levi, nivea, apice acuminato, anfractibus 8, primis 6 levigatis, penultimo lon- gitudinaliter costellato, ultimo costato, ad partem dorsalem anticam levi; apertura sub-angusta, sub-sinuosa, labio externo crasso, intus sub-denticulato, labio commellari anticé levato. Shell ovate, pyramidal, thickish, smooth, snow-white, apex acuminated ; volutions 8, the first 6 smooth, the last but one longitudinally ribbed, the last with larger ribs, smooth on the anterior part of the back; aperture rather narrow, slightly sinuous, outer lip thick, denticulated within; inner lip elevated anteriorly. In Mr. Cuming’s collection. 84. Col. recurva. Sow. Z.P. ii. p.115. (pl. xl. f. 152.) Col. testa oblonga, turrita, fulva, spira acuminato-pyrami- dali; anfractibus 10 — 11; primis 6 longitudinaliter costatis, ceteris serie unica tuberculorum instructis; ultimi dorso sub-gibbo, parte inferiori transversim striata; apertura elongata canali longiusculaé recurva; labio externo reflexo, incrassato. Shell oblong, turreted, fulvous, spire acuminated, pyra- midal, volutions 10—11; the six first longitudinally ribbed, the rest furnished with a single series of tubercles, the back of the last rather gibbous, with the anterior part transversely striated ; aperture elongated, canal rather long and recurved ; outer lip reflected, thickened. Found among Coral sand in the Isle of Plata, H. Cuming. 85. Col. lanceolata, Sow. Zool. Pr. ii. p. 116. (pl. xl. f. 153,,154,.155.) Col. testa oblonga, turrita, albida, fulvo-varia ; spira acumi- nata, pyramidali; anfractibus 10—12, primis 6—7, levigatis, ceteris serie unica tuberculorum instructis; ultimi dorso subgibbo, anticé transversim striato; aperture elongatz ca- nali breviusculo, sub-recurvo; labio externo incrassato, variciformi. s 140 Shell oblong, turreted, whitish, varied with fuscous, spire acuminated, pyramidal; volutions 10—12; the first 6 or 7 smooth, the rest furnished with a single row of tubercles ; the back of the last volution somewhat gibbous, anteriorly transversely striated ; aperture elongated, canal rather short, slightly recurved ; outer lip thickened, variciform. We have represented three varieties of this fine species. From the Gallapagos Islands, H. Cuming. 86. Col. pulcherrima, Sow. Z. P. ii. p. 113. (pl. xl f. 156, 157.) Col. testa ovata, spira subulata ; anfractibus 9, primo mini- mo, albo; 2°, 3°, 4' et 5'° nigro-rufescentibus, politis ; 6%, 7™°, et 8°°, concoloribus, spiraliter sulcatis; ultimo ven- tricoso, spiraliter sulcato, albido, sulcis brunneis ; labioexterno incrassato; peritremate polito, inttis superné emarginato, infra denticulato; labio interno tenui, polito; canali re- curvo. Shell ovate, with a subulate spire; volutions 9, the first small white, the 24, 34, 4, and 5", blackish red, shining; the 6, 7°, 8, of the same colour, spirally grooved; the last ventricose, spirally grooved, whitish, with brown grooves; outer lip thickened, peritreme shining, emarginated poste- riorly within, and denticulated anteriorly ; inner lip thin, shining; canal recurved. A single specimen was found in the Gulf of Dulce, H. Cuming. 87. Col. sub-ulata, nod, (pl. xl. f. 158, 159.) C. testa turrito-pyramidali, levigata,albida, epidermidetenui, cornea, pallescente induta, spira sub-ulata, anfractibus decem, convexiusculis, primis septem levibus, tribus ultimis posticé tranversim striatis, ultimo striato, posticé tumido ; apertura sinuosa, alba, labio externo extus incrassato, intis mediané incrassato, denticulato ; labio interno incrassato, levato ; canali brevi reflexo. Shell pyramidal, turreted, smooth, whitish, covered with a thin horny, pale coloured epidermis, spire subulate, volutions 10, rather convex, the first 7 smooth, the three last posteriorly transversely striated, the last striated and tumid posteriorly ; aperture sinuous, white, outer lip thickened externally ; thick- ened and denticulated within ; inner lip thickened and ele- vated; canal short, reflected. In Mr. Norris’s collection, locality unknown. 141 88. Col Puella, nodis. (pl. xl. f. 160, 161.) Col. testa ovato-pyramidali, spira acuminata, acuta, pallidé castanea vel brunnea, variegata, anfractibus 9, longitudinaliter costellatis, levibus, ultimo anticé transversim striato ; sutura crenulaté, alba; canali distincto, extus transversim sul- cato ; apertura oblonga, sub-rhomboidea, labio columellari uniplicato. Shell ovate, pyramidal, spire acuminated, acute, varied with pale chesnut or brown; volutions 9, smooth with small lon- gitudinal ribs, the last transversely striated in front; suture crenulated, white; canal distinct, transversely grooved externally ; aperture rhomboidal ; columellar lip with one fold. From Burias, H. Cuming; a variety nearly free from the longitudinal ribs, occurs at Catbalonga. 89. Col. pygmea. Sow. Z. P. ii. 19. (pl. xl. f. 163.) Col. testa ovato-oblonga, pallescente; spira acuminata; anfractibus 6, superioribus quinque longitudinaliter costatis, fascia interrupta nigra; ultime superné longitudinaliter costato, infra spiraliter sulcato, fasciis duabus interruptis, nigris ; apertura latiuscula; labii externi margine superné emarginata. Shell oblong-ovate, pale coloured, spire acuminated ; volutions 6, the 5 first longitudinally ribbed, with an inter- rupted black band; the last longitudinally ribbed posteriorly, and spirally grooved anteriorly, with two black interrupted bands; aperture rather broad: posterior margin of the outer lip notched. Found on dead shells at St. Elena: H. Cuming. 90. Col. lunata. nod. (pl. xl. f. 164.) Nassa Say; Buc- cinum Gould. Col. testa ovata, levi, pallidé rufo brunnescente, seriebus duabus pallescentibus maculorum semilunatorum ornata, apice acuminato, apertura ovali, labio externo fusco intus denticulato. Shell ovate, smooth, pale reddish brown, with two rows of crescent shaped whitish spots; apex acuminated, spire conic ; a single impressed line just in front of the suture; aperture oval with a small notch posteriorly, outer lip fuscous, denticu- jated within. Massachusetts, Dr. Gould. 91. Col. sulcosa. Sow. Z. P. ii. 118. (pl. xl. f. 165.) Col. testa ovato-oblonga, fulva, nigricante vel rufo-nigricante 142 lineata ; spira acuminata, anfractibus 7, longitudinaliter costatis, decussatim spiraliter sulcatis; cauda reflexa; apertura superné latiori, infra canali distinctaé; labio externo extus incrassato, intus denticulis 4 centralibus, internorugisbasalibus nonnullis. Shell oblong ovate, fulvous with black or reddish black lines; spire acuminated ; volutions 7, longitudinally ribbed and cross-grooved; canal reflected; aperture broader pos- teriorly, with a distinct canal anteriorly; outer lip thickened externally with 4 central teeth with: inner lip wrinkled. in front. From Annaa and Lord Hood’s Islands, H. Cuming. 92. Col. suffusa nod. (pl. xl. f. 166, 167.) Col. testa oblonga, crassiuscula, albicante, maculis littur- isque fuscis ornata, spiré acuminata, conoidali, anfractibus 6—7, longitudinaliter costatis, interstitiis costarum tenuiter transversim striatis : apertura latiuscula. Shell oblong, thickish, whitish, with fuscous spots and specks; spire acuminated, conoidal ; volutions 6—7, longi- tudinally ribbed, interstices of the ribs slightly transversely striated ; aperture rather wide. Pacific Ocean, Cuming. 83. Col. parva nod. (pl. xl. f. 170.) Col. testa oblonga, pallida, fascia spirali castanea unica ornata; apice acuminato, anfractibus 6, longitudinaliter cos- tatis, decussatim striatis, ultimo anticé propé labium externum variciformatum levigato, supra canalem transversim striato : apertura breviuscnla, subsinuosa, labio columellari levato. Shell oblong, pale, with a single spiral chesnut coloured band; apex acuminated, volutions 6, longitudinally ribbed, cross-striated, the last smooth anteriorly near the outer variciform lip; aperture rather short, somewhat sinuous; columellar lip raised. Found under stones at Monte Christi, West Columbia, H. Cuming. 94. Col. catenata nod. (pl. xl. f. 171.) Col. testé oblonga, crassa, pallida, undulatim castaneo- marmorata, apice acuminato, obtusiusculo, anfractibus 6, lon- gitudinaliter costatis, insterstitiis levibus, ultimo antice transversim striato; apertura latiuscula, denticulis parvis 4 labii columellari obtusis. Shell oblong, thick, pale, with undulated chestnut coloured markings; apex acuminated, rather obtuse, volutions 6, 143 longitudinally ribbed; the interstices smooth; the last vo- lution transversely striated in front, aperture rather wide, with four small obtuse denticles on the columellar lip. Locality unknown: Mr. Cuming’s collection. 95. Col. nigricans nod. (pl. xl. f. 172.) Col. testa oblonga, nigricante, apice acuminato, anfractibus 6, longitudinaliter costatis, interstitiis costarum tenuiter transversim striatis; suturad distincta, crenulata, albicante ; margine labii externi pallido. Shell oblong, blackish, apex acuminated, volutions six, longitudinally ribbed, interstices of the ribs slightly trans- versely striated; suture distinct, crenulated, whitish, edge of the outer lip pale. Gallapagos Islands. Mr. Cuming’s collection. 96. Col. Dormitor nod. (pl. xl. f. 173.) Col. testa ovato-conoidea, pallescente, spira conica, brevius- cula, anfractibus 6, transversim sulcatis, apertura elongata, margine interno labii externi crenulato. Shell ovate-conoidal, of a pale colour, spire conical, rather short; volutions six, transversely grooved; aperture elon- gated; inner edge of the outer lip crenulated. St. Vincent’s, Rev. L. Guilding, in Mr. Gray’s collection. 97. Col. Guildingii nod. (pl. xl. f. 175, 176.) Col. testa oblongo-pyramidali, pallescente, brunneo-varie- gata, apice acuminato sub-turrito, anfractibus 6; longitudi- naliter costatis et transversim striatis ; apertura longiuscula, sinuosa, canali subelongato, extus transversim sulcato. Shell oblong, pyramidal, pale, varied with brown, apex acuminated, sub-turreted; volutions 6, longitudinally ribbed and transversely striated; aperture rather long, sinuous ; canal somewhat lengthened, outwardly transversely striated. Found at St. Vincent’s, by the late Rev. Lansdowne Guilding.—In the British Museum. 98. Col. Broderipii nod. (pl. xl. f. 178, 179.) Col. testa oblongo-turrita, leevi, castanea, varié albo- macu- lata et guttata; anfractibus 5, subventricosis ; apertura ob- longa, latiusculé ; labio externo intus denticulis 2—3 obsoletis instructo; anfractu ultimo anticé transversim striato. Shell oblong, turreted, smooth, chestnut colour, variously spotted and speckled with white ; volutions 5, rather ventri- cose; aperture oblong, rather wide; outer lip with 2—3 144 obsolete denticles within ; last volution transversely striated in front. Alboran Island, W. J. Broderip, Esq., in the British Museum. 99. Col. Kraussii nod. (pl. xl. f. 180, 181.) Col. testé ovato-oblonga, levi, albicante, lineis castaneis undulatis signata; anfractibus 5—6, subventricosis, longitu- dinaliter costellatis, costellis distantibus, interstitiis levibus ; apertura lata; canali brevissimo. Shell oblong ovate, smooth, whitish, marked with undula- ted chestnut coloured lines; volutions 5—6 rather ventri- cose, with small longitudinal ribs, which are distant, and the interstices smooth; aperture broad; canal very short. Found at Natal by Dr. Krauss: in the British Museum, 100. Col. monilifera. nobis. (pl. xl. f. 177.) Col.testa turrita, alb?, maculis irregularibus brunneis picta, spira acuminata, anfractibus 7, longitudinaliter costatis et transversim sulcatis, series tres posticas et seriem unicam cos- tellarum granuliferarum anticam instructis ; apertura brevi, latiuscula. Shell turreted, white, irregularly speckled with brown; spire acuminated, volutions 7, longitudinally ribbed, and trans- versely sulcated, with three posterior and one anterior rows of granulose ribs, aperture short, rather broad. From the West Indies, the late G. Humphrey. 101. Col. pusilla, nod. (pl. xl. f. 182, 183.) Col. testa ovata, levi, albicante, lineis pallide brunneis picté; spira sub-acuminata; anfractibus 5—6, sub-ventri- cosis; apertura latiusculd; labio externo crassiusculo, intus obsoleté denticulato; labio interno intus tuberculo obtuso instructo; canali brevi. Shell ovate, smooth, whitish, with pale brown lines; spire slightly acuminated; volutions 5—6, somewhat ventricose ; aperture rather broad ; outer lip thickish, obsoletely denticu- lated within; inner lip with an obtuse tubercle within ; canal short. St. Vincent’s, the late Rev. L. Guilding. 102. Col. atomella, Ducl. (pl. xl, f. 184, 185.) Col. testa oblonga, albicante, nonnunquam pallidé castaneo unifasciataé, spird acuminata, anfractibus 6, longitudinaliter 145 costatis ; sutura crenata; ultimo anfractu anticé levi; supra canalem transversim sulcato ; apertura angusta. Shell oblong, whitish, sometimes with a pale chesnut band ; spire acuminated, volutions 6, longitudinally ribbed: suture crenated, last volution smooth in front, transversely grooved on the back of the canal; aperture narrow. West Indies, Rev. L. Guilding. EXPLANATION OF PLATES XXXVI, XXXVII, XXXVIIL XXXIM XE: COLUMBELLA. (The figure at the end of each name, refers to the species in the text.) Fic. 1, 2, Col. Strombiformis, 1. Fig.51, 52. Col. pecila, 20. , 4. -— major, 2. 53, 54. — bidentata, 21. 5. — hzmastoma, 3. 55, 56,57. — flavida, 22. 6. — major var, 2. 58 to 61. — semipunctata. 23. 7. — castanea, 4. 62. — Tringa, 24. 8,9. — labiosa, 5. 63, 64. — obtusa, 25. 10. — Harpiformis, 6. 65, 66. — splendidula, 26. 11. — castanea, 4. 67 to 69. — ovulata, 27. 12. — Harpiformis, 6. 70,71. — obscura, 28. 13, 14; — uncinata, 7. 72,73. — marmorata, 30. 15, 16. — Duclosiana, 8. 74, 75, 76. — Philippinarum, 31. 17, 18. — chlorostoma, 9. Lis — coniformis, 32. 19. — rustica, 10. 79, 80. — aspersa, 33. 20. — festiva, 13. 81, 82. — albina, 34. 21. — fuscata, 11. 83, 84,85. — Ligula, 35. 22. — rustica var, 10. 86, 87. — Fabula, 36. 23. — reticulata, 12. 88, 89. — Tyleri, 37. 24. — rustica var, 10. 90, 91,92. — Pardalina, 38. 25. — fuscata, 11. . — vulpecula, 39. 26, — reticulata var, 12. 94, 95, 96. — fulgurans, 40. 27, — festiva, 13. 97. — flexuosa, 41. 28, 29, 30,) — : 98, 99. — Terpsichore, 42. ; ene Oe ree 100, — Boiyinii, 43. 33, 34,35. — rudis, 15. 101, 102. — corniculata, 44. 36,37. — Paytensis, 16. 103, 104. — semiconvexa, 45. 38, 39, 40. — Turturina, 17. 105. — Zebra, 46. 41 to 46. — versicolor, 18. 106, 107. — fasciata,47. 47 to 50. — varians, 19. 108, 109. — concinna, 48. Fig. 110. Col. avara, 49. 111. — Miser, 50. 112, 113. — crbraria, 51. 114,115. — rugosa, 53. 116,117. — varia, 54. 118. — scalarina, 55. 119, 120. — lactea, 56. 121, 122. — pulchella, 57. 123. — dermestoides, 58. 124. — punctata, 59.~ 125. — jaspidea, 60. 126. — achatina, 61. 127. — impolita, 62. 128. — buccinoides, 63. 129, — unicolor, 64. 130. — unifasciata, 65. 131. — rugulosa, 66. 132. — Ticaonis, 68. 133. — decussata, 69. 134. — coronata, 70. 135. — maculosa, 71. 136. — angularis, 72. 140, 142, 143. 144. . — turrita, 73. . — turrita, var. 73. . — elegans, 74. . — dorsata, 75. — gibberula, 76. — bicanalifera, 77. 146 153 to | 158, | 160. 161. 162. 166, 168, 175, 182, 183. 184, 185. Fig.145,146, Col. blanda, 78. 147. 148. 149. 150: 151. 152; 155, 157. 159: — costellata, 79. — fulva, 80. lyrata, 81. fluctuata, 82. nivea, 83. recurva, 84. lanceolata, 85. pulcherrima, 86. subulata, 87. Nympha, 88. Nympha var. 88. nitidula, 29. pygmea, 89. lunata 90. sulcosa, 91. suffusa, 92. dichroa, 52. parva, 93. catenata, 94. nigricans, 95. dormitor, 96. atramentaria, 67. Guildingii, 97. monilifera, 98. Broderipii, 99. Kraussii, 100. pusilla, 101. atomella, 102. 43 ” V72 174 782 784 AL TSS OBS. Jere 147 MONOGRAPH OF THE GENUS TEREBRA; Brugeuire BY RICHARD BRINSLEY HINDS, ESQ. Testa subulata, acuminata, subturrita. Anfractus nume- rosi, rarius numerosissimi, rarissimé perpauci, planulati ; ultimus brevis, contractus. Apertura ovalis, interdum sub- quadratus. Columella nuda vel callo induta; recta, obliqua, vel contorta. Canalis subnullus vel paulo productus ; rectus rr subrecurvus. Operculum corneum, lamellosum, ungui- orme. Testa elongata, turrita, apice peracuta. Apertura longitudi- nalis. Spird dupld vel ultra brevior, basi posticé emarginata. Columellz basis contorta vel obliqua. Lamarck. 7 Testa elongata, subulata, anfractibus numerosis, gradatim majo- ribus, apertura brevi, oblonga, in canalem brevem, rectam desi- nente; columella contorta, spirali: operculo corneo, non spirali. Sowerby, Genera. Testa elongata, turrita, apice peracuta. Apertura longitudi- nalis ; spira dupld vel ultra brevior, basi posticé emarginata. Columellz basis contorta vel obliqua. Operculum ovatum, cor- neum, lamellosum, imbricatum. Hzener. The animal is remarkable for its small size compared with that of the shell, and alsofor theminuteness of itsorgans. That of Terebra dimidiata, is described by MM. Quoy et Gaimard ;— head large. Tentacles distant, very small and short. Eyes scarcely visible, situate about the middle of the length of the tentacles. Foot elongated, somewhat cylindrical, grooved. Between the tentacles is a thick cylindrical trunk, capable of dilating itself, and forming a cavity. Stomach elongated, slightly dilated. Salivary glands surrounding the cesophagus, vermicular, united into a mass. Biliary organ and testacle occupy nearly the whole of the spire. Heart apparently very elongated. Follicles situate in the folds of the margin of the mantle, and secrete, more or less abundantly, a mucous fluid. B 148 The branchial cavity is extensive, extended longitudinally, and has on its left side a long straight comb of fine and closely set lamellae. The siphon is thick and short, and capable of being projected only a short distance. Animal of an uniform clear orange colour. Voyage de lAstrolabe, p. 462-4. M. Kiener’s remarks on the animal are so similiar to the fore- going, that they were most probably taken from it. The animal of Terebra subulata was also examined by Quoy and Gaimard, and was found very closely to resemble 7. dimidiata, differing only in the relative size of some of the organs. The animal was of a deep yellow colour. Mr. Gray, in the Zoology of Beechey’s Voyage, p. 125, thus speaks of the animal, the species not being indicated :—“ the tentacles of this genus are exceedingly minute, and placed on the upper edge of the inflexed trunk, and they have no eyes. In one spe- cies from St. Christopher which I have examined, there was no appearance of any tentacles, nor eyes; in another, the tentacles are very small with eyes at their tip. The male organ is extremely long, filiform, as long as two whorls of the shell. The foot is small, folded across when contracted. The head is rounded. The mantle has a very long slender filiform breathing canal.” The number of species belonging to this group at the pre- sent time is rather considerable, and in these halcyon days of new species, the genus has kept in the current and received an accession of strength scarcely inferior to any other. A few species, and among these some of the largest and most richly adorned, were known to the earliest systematic writers, and were placed by them in a separate and distinct section of Buccinum. Subsequently Bruguiéres embodied them under the present generic head, but it was Lamarck who more par- ticularly brought it into notice, in the illustration of the group by several well-known species. Previous to Bruguiéres Adanson, and subsequently Schumacher and Blainville have made mention of it, but only to originate errors and create confusion. The number of recent species given by Lamarck is twenty-four; M. Deshayes’ list states the recent species to be forty-four, and the fossil sixteen in number; the monograph of M. Kiener contains only thirty-five recent species. These numbers have been chiefly augmented by a list of twenty-one species, published by Mr. Gray in the proceedings of the Zoological Society for 1834, which are of prior date to M. Kiener’s labours, but are unnoticed by him; and by a further addition of fifty species, published by myself in the same proceedings of 1843. At this moment, the amount of recent 149 species is 109, including one or two of doubtful existence, and of fossil, 24; and of the former 8 are found both in a recent and fossil state. The only sectional division of the genus that has been attempted, is that of Mr. Gray in the above proceedings. This division is three-fold; the two first of these depend on the presence of the peculiar girdling or division of the whorls, and which is very conspicuous in many species, but practi- cally I fail to carry it out in detail. Some species also are so excessively variable in this character, that M. Kiener has described Terebra castanea as having girdled whorls, but has figured it withoutthem. The latter writer has not attempted any grouping of the species in his monograph, and as he has done so in most cases, we may venture to infer that he did not see room for it here. It cannot be denied that among the numerous species are several shells, which, taken by themselves, would furnish good grounds for sectional or even sub-generic divisions. And if we take T. maculata as the proper generic type, then 7. lanceata, T. armillata, and T. commaculata, seem to offer strong points of difference, and good grounds for sectional heads. But, with every wish to establish some such divisions, I have found it impracticable so to group the species that there shall be little or no doubt which section they belong to; and, unless this object is attained, I do not see any use in a division; science would not be benefited merely by selecting the salient points and strong grounds of the exceptions, and leaving the crowd to follow as they may. In geographic distribution the group is essentially tropical. Indeed the exceptions are very rare. One species occurs in the Mediterranean Sea, but it is an aberrant form. Another is met with on the shores of the United States, but I am not in possession of its northern range; perhaps a few species occur as extra-tropical on the shores of New Holland. It will thus be seen, that few genera of similar bulk are so excessively tropical. The species abound more particularly in the Asiatic and Pacific Seas, are usually found in situations of sands, sandy mud, or fine coral, often under a few feet of water, though sometimes at greater depths ; and seem also to be most fruitful in individuals, since where they inhabit, they may generally be procured in great numbers. In their distribu- tion about fifty-three inhabit the Asiatic and Pacific Seas, seven- teen the American, and fifteen the African ; of twenty-four the locality is unknown, and our information of the West Indian species is most barren. Our knowledge of the native country of B 2 150 a large proportion of the published species was so very limited that it became an object with me to supply so important a desideratum from approved sources. And, if in this I have been to a great extent fortunate, it is attributable partly to the care which I find manifested in Mr. Cuming’s manuscript catalogues of recording the native country with the circum- stances of habitation, and partly tomy own experience, since within the tropics I have chanced to encounter a large num- ber of species. I have also, when practicable, stated every habitat ; since several habitats inform us of the range, and we thus attain a step towards geographic diffusion; and as the authority for a habitat unquestionably increases its value, I have studiously attached the name of the collector ; the only exception being in my own case, and in almost every instance where no authority is quoted, I am responsible. A reversed species occurs among the fossils, Terebra inversa. Nyst. DESCRIPTIONS. 1. T. MacuLATA. (pl. xli. f. 33.) Lamarck, Hist. des Ani- maux sans Vert. v. vil. p. 283. Buccinum maculatum, Lin- neus, Syst. Nat. p. 1205, Subula maculata, Schumacher, Nouv. Syst. p. 233. Testa elongaté conico-subulata, ponderosa, polita, albida ; anfractibus planulatis, versus medium sulco divisis, maculis fuscis seriatim cinctis, ultimo luteo quadratim maculato ; aper- tura subattenuata ; columella contorta. Shell handsome, massive and heavy, subulate, the ground colour of a cream colour with two series of rich reddish- brown, irregular, longitudinal, aggregated strigze or spots, of which the upper series is the larger ; whorls smooth, flattened, divided by an impressed line, not always very visible in mature individuals, but apparent on the superior whorls ; last whorl banded with pale chesnut ; aperture an elongated oval ; columella naked, somewhat twisted. This is the typical species, and an eminently handsome shell. In the Pacific, the animal is eaten as food, and the shell, ground at an angle, was much in use as a chisel in the construction of the canoes. Its habitat is extensive. It prevails everywhere over the Pacific and Indian Seas, as far as the Seychelles. It usually occurs of a large size, and very numerous in individuals, par- ticularly where sand or fine coral abounds; in the latter, of 151 which it is apt to become dwarf, as I noticed at Bow Island. It also occurs as a fossil on the shores of the Red Sea: Burton. 2. T. srricaTa. (pl. xli.f. 10.) Sowerby, Tank. cat. p. 25. T. elongata, Wood, Index, Suppl. T. flammea, Lesson, Illust. de Zool. t. 48. 7. zebra, Kiener, Iconographie, p. 5, t. 3, f. 5. Testé subulaté, subturrita, crassiuscula, albida, strigis longitudinalibus atro-fuscis irregulariter ornata; anfractibus subplanulatis, versus medium sulco impresso divisis ; colu- mella nuda, contorta. This fine species has a subulate acuminate shell, massive, the whorls flattish, duplicate or divided by an impressed line, the superior whorls, as occurs in nearly every species of Terebra, longitudinally plicate, elegantly ornamented with longitudinal strige, some of which are occasionally bifid, others only occupying half the diameter of the whorl, generally, however, they are simple and continuous throughout this space; aperture somewhat square; columella naked and twisted. West Coast of America between Panama and Realejo, at the former of which places it is particularly abundant. The Indian locality assigned to it in Wood’s Index is un- doubtedly incorrect. 3.T. ruAMMEA. (pl. xlii. f. 36,) Lamarck, |. c. p. 284. Testa elongaté subulata, turrita, albida, strigis longitudi- nalibus ornata ; strigis rufis, obliquis, seepits interruptis ; an- fractibus subrotundatis, medio lineis duabus impressis cinctis, inferné subcoarctatis, superioribus longitrorsum nodoso-pli- catis; apertura utrinque attenuata ; columella nuda, arcuata ; breviter canaliculata. Shell subulate,turrited, white, with longitudinal interrupted oblique red markings; whorls slightly rounded, traversed near the middle with two girdling lines, inferiorly the whorl somewhat contracted, superior whorls with numerous nodulous folds ; aperture attenuated, with a short canal; columella naked. Indian Seas: Kiener. 4. T. succinga. (pl. xlii. f. 40) Hinds, Proceed. Zool. Soc. 1843, p. 149. Testé subulata, acuminata, succinea, levigata; anfractibus planulatis, linea impress divisis, longitrorsum plicis obsoletis vel lineis arcuatis incrementi minutis, transversim infra lineam impressam leviter striatis: area subconcava, punctis parvis 152 fuscis distantibus biseriatim cincta, versus margines tuber- culato-incrassata ; columella contorta, acuta. Shell subulate, acuminate, amber-coloured; whorls flat- tened, even alittle contracted, girdled, longitudinally provided with small sharp arched folds, tranversely lightly striated ; on each margin of the inferior area is a series of distant reddish punctuations; last whorl sulcate at the base. Aperture somewhat oval. Columella twisted, with a very sharp margin. Two specimens of this elegant species are in the collection of Mr. Cuming, without any history attached to them ; they have evidently been highly cleaned, but retain the appearance of having been once covered by an epidermis. The native country is unknown. 5. T. roBusta. (pl. xli. f. 35.) Hinds, 1. c. p. 149. Testa turrito-subulata, solida, ponderosa, albida, flammeis longitudinalibus interrupté picta; anfractibus inferioribus rotundatis, indivisis, levigatis, superioribus versus extremi- tatem spire subplanulatis, unocinguliferis, longitrorsum plica- tis; anfractu ultimo rotundato, triseriatim picto, ad basin coarctato; apertura elongata; columella arcuata, subcallosa; epidermide luteo-fusca ; operculo parvo, crasso. Shell elongated, subulate, turrited, smooth, solid, white, with interrupted longitudinal reddish-brown spots; whorls girdled, but only visible on the superior ones, the last with three series of markings, suddenly contracted inferiorly ; aperture elongated, with a short canal; columella arched, and covered by a thin callus. Operculum small and thick. Epidermis thicker than is usual. West coast of America, between 8° 57’ and 21° 32’ north latitude; namely at Panama, Gulf of Nicoya, Gulf of Papagayo, and San Blas; in from four to eighteen fathoms, sandy mud: Cuming and Hinds. 6. T. ornata. (pl. xlii. f. 34, Gray, Proceed. Zool. Soc. 1834, p. 62. Testa conico-subulata, turrita, solida, alba, maculis rufis subquadratis triseriatim ornata; anfractibus planulatis, an- gustis, lined valdé impress cinctis, apertura subquadrata ; columella arcuataé, acuta; breviter canaliculata; epidermide tenui induta. Shell conical subulate, turrited, solid, white, with three series of reddish-brown square spots; whorls flat, narrow, deeply girdled; one series of spots above the girdle, rather smaller and paler than the others; two below it, which are 153 larger, more deeply coloured, and, on the upper whorls, some- times confluent ; last whorl short and contracted beneath, with four series of spots. Aperture inclined to square. Columella arcuate, with a sharp margin, slightly callous. Epidermis thin. Galapagos Islands; in five to seven fathoms, coral sand : Cuming. Panama, in seven fathoms, mud. 7.T. cRENULATA. (pl. xli. f. 18, 19. pl. xl. f. 32.) Lamarck, lc. p. 284. Buccinum crenulatum, Linneus, Gmelin, No. 132. B.candidum, Born, Mus. p. 263, t. 10, f. 8. Terebra maculata, Perry, t. 16, f. 2. Testa subulata, turrita, solidula, albida, strigis longitudina- libus fuscis interruptis ornata; anfractibus planulatis, sulco vix conspicuo divisis, superné tuberculis albis coronatis, bise- riatim punctis rufis cinctis; columella subproducta, rectius- cula. Shell subulate, turrited, heavy, polished, adorned with small interrupted irregular strigee of a rufous colour; whorls divided by a groove not always very conspicuous, encircled by two series of punctated spots; columella rather produced, particularly in the older individuals, rather straight. Pl. xli. fig. 32, represents a very pretty variety of this shell from the collection of Sir Edward Belcher, C.B., and which was pro- cured at the Marquesas. Marquesas Islands; Society Islands; Amboina. Fossil, Red Sea: Burton. 8. T. pimip1ATa. (pl. xli. f. 7, 8.) Lamarck, |. c. p. 285. Buccinum dimidiatum, Linneus, Gmelin, No. 128. B. fer- rugineum, Born, Mus. p. 263, t. 10, f. 7, Terebra carnea, Perry, t. 16, f. 1. Testa elongaté subulata, turrita, polita, carnea, strigis albis longitudinalibus irregulariter ornata; anfractibus planulatis, striis arcuatis incrementi conspicuis, superné sulco impresso divisis ; columella subcallosa, rectiuscula. Shell truly subulate, polished, of a flesh colour, sometimes more intense, sometimes paler, interrupted by white strigz which are occasionally united or broken in their course ; whorls flattish, duplicate, the superior area less occupied by the white strigee ; aperture effuse ; columella somewhat callous, and strait. The character of the ornation is very similar to that in T. strigata. Tahiti, Society Islands; Amboina. Both the darker and lighter individuals are found at Tahiti, and do not appear to affect different localities. 154 9. T. consors. (pl. xli. f. 26) Hinds, |. c. p. 150. Testa gradatim subulata, levigata, polita, albida, flammeis pallidis fuscis ornata ; anfractibus subplanulatis, superné linea impressa divisis, area superiore spire leviter tuberculata ; an- fractu ultimo propé basin fasciato ; apertura inferné subeffusa ; columella nuda, breviuscula. Shell subulate, turrited, smooth and polished, white, with pale brown flames; whorls flat, distinctly girdled near their upper margin, the superior area somewhat tubercled, last whorl banded at the base. Aperture oval, effuse, without any canal. Columella naked, smooth, truncate. Its nearest ally is 7. dimidiata, than which it is far more gradually subulate ; the upper area of the divided whorl is raised and somewhat rounded; the white is the base colour of the shell, and the last whorl is distinctly banded. Tahiti, Society Islands. 10. T. areus. (pl. xl. f. 64.) Hinds, Proceed. Zool. Soc. 1843, p. 160. 'T. nebulosa, Aiener, Iconographie, p. 23, t. 10, f. 22. Testa elongaté subulata, turrita, polita, albescente, maculis subquadratis saturatioribus seriatim cincta; anfractibus vix rotundatis, superné sulco impresso divisis ; apertura oblonga ; columella subarcuata, acuta. Shell elongated, subulate, turrited, polished, white, with three series of cream-coloured square spots, of which the middle is rather the larger ; whorls flat, girdled above, desti- tute of any sculpture. Aperture oblong. Columella subar- cuate. Canal very short. The name attached to this shell by M. Kiener had been previously used by Mr. Sowerby, so that a change became necessary. Tahiti, Society Islands: Cuming. Nukahiva, Marquesas. 11. T. muscanta. (pli >xh. of. 1175/20. epliadin i412) Lamarck, \. c. p. 285. Testa subulata, turrita, solida, polita, albida; anfractibus planulatis, superné sulco divisis, maculis subquadratis rufo- fuscis treseriatim cinctis, ultimo quadriseriatim ornato ; apertura effusd, intus pallida; columella rectiuscula, sub- truncata. Shell elongated, subulate, polished, white, approaching to chesnut; whorls flat, divided by a grove, ornamented with three series of squarish reddish-brown spots, a fourth series appearing on the last whorl; columella straight and somewhat 155 truncate. The shell represented at fig. 20, seems to have been regarded as Buccinum hecticum of Gmelin, and recently figured as such by Potiez, but I do not regard it as other, and that apparently not uncommon, than an abnormal develop- ment of 7. muscaria. The undeviating character of the decoration on the latter is only to be rivalled by that of T. sub- ulata, and whilst both these species are eminently alike in their style of markings, they are as decidedly distinct from the tenacity with which each adheres to that which is peculiarly its own. Society Islands; Feejee Islands. 12. T. TIGRINA. (pl. xl. f. 30.) Gray, 1. c. p.59. Buccinum tigrinum, (bis.) Gmelin, No.135. B. felinum, Dillwyn, v. ii. Terebra felina, Sowerby, Tank. Cat. p. 76. Testa conico-subulata, acuminata, levigata, alba, uniseria- tim maculata ; anfractibus planulatis, superné linea impressa divisis,inferné maculis rufis unicinctis, anfractu ultimo iteratis; apertura ovali, effusd ; columella breviuscula, nuda. Shell conico-subulate, acuminate, smooth, white on the inferior part of the whorl, with a single series of reddish-brown spots; whorls flat, distinctly girdled, smooth and polished, the last fuller than usual, and with two rows of spots. Aper- ture oval, effuse, without any canal. Columella rather short, naked, and a little twisted. It would seem quite time that attention was drawn to some of these long-known shells, since they continue almost scarce in collections, and we are not satisfied, as in the present case, that their native country is correctly known. 13. T. pupiicara. (pl. xli. f. 1, 2,3, 4.) Lamarck, 1. c. v. vil. p. 286. Buccinum duplicatum, Linneus, Gmelin, No. 136. Terebra Lamarkii, Kiener, p. 30, t. 9, f. 19. Testa subulata, turrita, polita, cinerea, rarius castanea vel atro-fusca ; anfractibus planulatis, superné sulco divisis, lon- gitudinaliter creberrimé plicatis; propé suturam fascia pal- lida cincta, anfractu ultimo duplicata ; apertura intus fusca ; columella contorta. Variat fascia maculis rufis transversis ornata. Shell subulate, turrited, polished, usually of an ash or blueish gray, but sometimes fulvous, or even of a dark red colour as in fig. 1; whorls divided by a groove and thickly plicate longitudinally ; close to and above the suture is a faint narrow band, which also appears on the back of the last whorl. There is a variety in which this band is articulated by reddish transverse spots, fig. 2, and which M. Kiener c 156 has described as 7. Lamarckii, but which seems to me to have no specific importance. Zanzibar ; Singapore; Majambo Bay, Madagascar. Fossil —Shores of the Red Sea: Burton. 14. T. pussumieERII. (pl. xli. f. 9.) Kiener, |. c. p. 31, t. 8, £157) Testa elongaté subulata, turrita, grisea, fulvo fasciata: an- franctibus sulco impresso divisis, longitrorsum valdé plicatis ; apertura elongaté ovali; columella subrecta. A fine characteristic species distinguished by its numerous sharp folds, and varied markings; the upper area of the divided whorl is more contracted than the inferior, and thus on a lower plane; the suture is bordered by clear milk-white, and the centre of the whorl is broadly banded of a dark chesnut colour; aperture more elongated than is usual ; columella somewhat straight. Haynan, China: Humphreys. 15.T. suBuLATA.(pl. xli. f. 16, pl. xl. f. 38, 39.) Lamarck, l. c. v. vil. p. 286. Buccinum subulatum, Linneus, Gmelin, No. 131. Terebra fusca, Perry, Conchology, t. 16, f. 3. Testa elongaté subulata, turrita, polita, albida; anfractibus planulatis, angustis, sulco vix conspicuo divisis, maculis quadratis rufo-fuscis biseriatim cinctis, ultimo triseriatim ornato; apertura subquadrata ; columella nuda, contorta. Shell very lengthened, subulate, turrited, polished ; whorls divided by a groove which is scarcely conspicuous except on the upper whorls, adorned with two series of dark red spots of a square shape, a third appearing on the last whorl ; from the flattening of the last whorl the aper- ture is somewhat square; columella twisted acute. At plate xli. fig. 38, a constant variety is represented of a paler colour, and with the spots smaller, at greater distances, and of a fawn colour. Tahiti, Society Islands; Bow Island; Moluccas. 16. T. ocuuaTA. (pl. xlii. f. 31.) Lamarck, 1. c. v.vii. p. 286. Testa elongaté subulata, turrita, pallidé fulva; anfrac- tibus subplanulatis, lined impressd divisis, superné subtu- midis, maculis albis subdistantibus cinctis, ultimo subquadrato biseriatim maculato; apertura subquadrata; columella con- torta, acuta, albida, breviter canaliculata; epidermide tenui induta. Shell elongated, subulate, acuminate, turrited, smooth, of a fawn colour; whorls girdled, the impressed line not being 157 very perceptible on the inferior whorls ; above tumid, and ornamented with a series of roundish white spots, placed somewhat distant and doubled on the last whorl ; aperture squarish, and with a short but decided canal; columella naked, twisted, and with a Sharp margin. A thin epidermis covers many individuals. Pomoutou and Society Islands, in the South Pacific ; Moluccas. 17. T. spEcTABILIs. (pl. xliv. f. 88, 89.) Hinds, 1. c. p. 150. Testa subulata, laevigata, polita ; anfractibus superné sulco impresso divisis, infra longitrorsum plicatis, interstitiis levi- gatis, medio saturaté castaneis, inferné albis; cingulo tuber- culato, albido ; anfractu ultimo fasciato; columella contortA elongata. An elegant glittering species, well distinguished by its ornation, though scarcely by its sculpture. The area above the girdling is white, sometimes of a pale brown; beneath, and in the midle of each whorl, of a dark chesnut; and a narrow portion just above the suture is of a clear milk white, and the last whorl is similarly banded. A very dis- tinct canal exists. The pale individual figured has ‘most probably lost its colour. Guinea, on the sands: Humphreys. Sumatra, on the sands: Ellis. 18. T. Gemmuara. (pl. xliv. f. 92.) Kiener, 1. c. p. 15, t..50%. YU. Testa subulata. subturrita, fulvescente, anfractibus sub- planulatis, superné sulco impresso divisis, longitrorsum plica- tis, supra biseriatim tuberculatis, prope suturam et cum anfractu ultimo albo cinctis; apertura utrinque attenuatd; columella nuda, rectiuscula, canali mediocri. The superior portion of each whorl is rather contracted, and here it is provided with two series of small rounded tuber- cles ; the lower of the two is white, and from each originates a slightly arched fold. The last whorl has a conspicuous white band, with a dark brown base. Native country unknown. 19. T. coputa. (pl. xlii. f. 76.) Hinds, |. c. p. 151. Testa elongaté turrito-subulata, acuminata, laevigata, nitida, saturaté castanea ; anfractibus subrotundatis, superné cingulo tuberculato cinctis, infra plico-costatis ; cingulo atro-castaneo fasciato, rard intervallis tanttm maculatis, interstitiis levi- gatis; anfractu ultimo parvo, rotundato, propé basin duabus c2 158 fasciis albis angustis ornato; columella, nuda, contorta, acuta. Highly polished, and of a dark chesnut ; the upper series of tubercles having their intestices picked out with black, sometimes almost in a continuous band. The folds are de- licate, and sharp, with the intervening spaces highly polished. Two narrow pale lines cross the last whorl. Guinea, on the sands: Humphreys. 20. T. raTua. (pl. xl. f. 28.) Hinds, |. c. p. 150. Testa turrito-subulata, albida, levigata, polita; anfractibus subplanulatis, superioribus linea impressa cinctis, maculis fuscis pallidis distantibus biseriatim ornatis; spira obso- leté plicata; anfractu ultimo elongato, maculis exceptis, unicolore. Shell subulate, subturrited, white, smooth; whorls flat, lengthened, polished, the upper girdled, ornamented on the margins with two series of very pale somewhat distant brown spots; last whorl elongated, those of the spire pli- cate. Aperture elongated, effuse. Columella straight, trun- cate ; no canal. St. Christopher, West Indies, on the sand: Miller, 1799. 21. T. auBrpa. (pl. xl. f. 56.) Gray, 1. c. p. 63. Testa conico-subulata, subturrita, alba, levigata; anfrac- tibus planulatis, linea impressa obsolete divisis, ultimo rotun- dato ; apertura effusa ; columella nuda, contorta. Shell conical subulate, somewhat turrited, white, and per- fectly smooth ; whorls flat, and divided by a girdling line, which is not readily visible, destitute of any sculpture; last whorl rounded. Aperture effuse, with a very short canal. Columella naked, twisted. New South Wales, on the sands: Humphreys. 22. 'T. cHLoraTA. (pl. xlii. f. 29.) Lamarck, 1. c. v. vi. p- 288. T. Knorri, Gray, |. c. p. 59. Testa conico-subulataé, acuminata, subturrita, levigata, polita, alba, strigis maculisque fuscis confusé longitudina- liter picté; anfractibus planulatis, supra medium linea im- pressa cinctis, ultimo elongato interrupté fasciato; apertura ovali, effusA; columella contorta; canali nullo. Shell conico-subulate, acuminate, somewhat turrited, smooth and polished, white, with aggregated brown spots, strige, and lines, sometimes disposed to banding; whorls flat, smooth and girdled, the last lengthened and banded. 159 Aperture oval, effuse, without any canal. Columella naked and twisted. Seychelles : Dufo. 23. T. RAPHANULA. (pl. xliv. f. 94.) Lamarck, 1. ¢. v. vii. p. 288. Testa elongaté ovato-subulaté, acuminata, subturrita, po- lita, alba, maculis oblongis pallidé fuscis seriatim ornata; anfractibus subplanulatis, superné sulco divisis, longitror- sum capillari-plicatis, interstitiis levigatis; anfractu ultimo elongato fasciato; apertura utrinque attenuata; columella nuda, rectiuscula, subtruncata; canali nullo. Highly polished and glittering, the girdled whorls covered with numerous small sharp folds, and ornamented by pale brown oblong spots, placed methodically in the transverse direction. Amboina. 24. T. CeRITHINA. (pl. xlii. f. 58.) Lamarck, 1. c. v. vil. p. 288. Testa obeso-subulata, acuminata, subturrita, polita, pallida, rufo-fusco strigata; anfractibus subrotundatis, linea impressa divisis, longitrorsum plicatis; plicis anfractuum superiorum conspicuis, inferiorum evanidis, interstitiis saturatioribus ; anfractu ultimo attenuato, subfasciato; apertura effusa, pallida; columella anticé producta; canali nullo. Distinctly obesely subulate, the whorls covered by longi- tudinal folds, but those of the last three or four are so smooth or apparently worn, as to be scarcely salient from the surface of the shell. The columella has rather a thick callus. The portions of the folds above the girdling are distinguished by no peculiarity of conformation, which is unusual. Philippine Islands: Cuming. Bow Island ; Society Islands ; Feejee Islands. 25. T. CHRULESCENS. (pl. xli. f. 5, 6, 15.) Lamarck, 1. C. V. Vii. p. 288. Testi elongaté conico-subulata, subturrita, polita, cinerea, nigricante, aut albo variegata; anfractibus planulatis, indi- visis, apertura effus4; columella nuda, rectiuscula, truncata. Shell elongated, conical, subulate, acuminate, polished, varying greatly from an ash or dark colour to becoming par- tially white, or in old individuals entirelyso ; whorls undivided, the last somewhat rounded; columella short, smooth, straight, and truncated. New Holland: Lamarck. Society Islands ; Feejee Islands. It usually is found in considerable numbers. 26. T. nimsBosa. (pl. xli. f. 21.( Hinds, 1. c. p. 151. Testa elongaté conico-subulata, acuminata, lactea, strigis 160 longitudinalibus nubeculata; anfractibus planulatis, levigatis, politis, integris, inferné propé suturam albo anguste fasciatis, ultimo fasciato ; apertur effusa ; columella levi, truncata. Shell elongated, conico-subulate, acuminate, milky white, figured with aggregated slightly waved pale brown strige, ceasing suddenly a little above the suture, thus appearing nar- rowly banded with white ; whorls smooth, entire, the last elon- gated. Aperture oval, effuse, without the least appearance of a canal. Columella, smooth, straight, and truncate. Habitat unknown. 27, SENEGALENSIS. (pl. xli. f. 11, 12, 13, 14.) Lamarck, l. c. v. vii. p. 287. T. striatula, Lamarck, l.c. v. vil. p. 288. T. fusco-maculata, Sowerby, Tank. cat. p. 23. Testa subulata, turrita, nitida, longitudinaliter plico-striata, cinerea, ceerulescente, rarius carnea, strigis albis ornata; anfractibus planulatis, superné sulco divisis, transversim in- turrupté fasciatis, ultimo elongato, leeviusculo ; columella rec- tiuscula. Shell subulate, acuminate, turrited, longitudinally striated, but varying greatly in intensity, sometimes coarse, even to folds, at others nearly smooth and polished; fluctuating equally in colour, the prevailing being a gray or blueish ash colour, and varying to chesnut and flesh colour; whorls divided by a groove, and disposed to be banded transversely ; last whorl rather elongated ; columella straight, and slightly truncate. The variety of character assumed by different indi- viduals is no doubt the reason why it has been described more than once. M. Kiener’s figure, t. 9.f. 18, represents 7. stri- gilata, and not this shell. Gambia, and other localities on the West Coast of Africa. 98. 'T. cINGULA, (pl. xl. f. 45.) Keener, 1. c.) p28, t. 8,.f..16. Testa subulata, turrita, cinerea, confusé fasciata ; anfrac- tibus planulatis linea impressa divisis, superioribus plicatis, inferioribus levigatis, area superiore subtumida, sparsim maculis rufis cincta; anfractu ultimo elongato; apertura attenuata ; columella nuda, rectiuscula ; canali nullo. Shell subulate, turrited, ash colour, indistinctly banded ; whorls flat, girdled, the superior with small folds, the inferior smooth, upper area slightly tumid, and ornamented by rather distant rufous spots ; last whorl elongated. Aperture attenuate. Columella naked, rather straight. No canal. Habitat unknown. 161 29. T. LAuRINA. (pl. xlii. f, 27.) Hinds, lc. p. 152. Testa elongaté subulata, acuminata, levigata, polita, oli- vacea ; anfractibus planulatis, plicis tenuibus sinuosis, capil- laribus, infra evanidis, superné linea impressa obsoleta cinctis, ultimo unicolore, levigato ; apertura fuscd, effusa; columella levi, subtruncata. Shell elongated, subulate, acuminate, smooth, polished, of an olive colour; whorls flat, above indistinctly girdled, with numerous fine longitudinal folds. Aperture oval, effuse, brown within. Columella straight, naked, truncate. No canal. Western Africa, in sandy mud: Rey. W. V. Hennah. 30. T. styuata. (pl. xliv. f. 79.) Hinds, 1. c. p. 152. Testa subulata, acuminata, polita, olivaceé; anfractibus subplanulatis, integris, numerosé plicatis, infra evanidis, propé suturam albidis maculis fuscis interrupteé fasciatis, ultimo levi- gato, inferné albo angusté fasciato: apertura fuscd ; columella levi, subtruncata. The whorls are undivided, and at their upper part furnished with numerous small, almost capillary folds, which disappear about the middle, leaving the inferior portion quite smooth, and, at the sametime, of a paler colour. The folds are crossed, just beneath the suture, with transverse narrow dark spots. The aperture is much darker than the rest of the shell. Japan ; Philippine Islands. 31. T. casTaNEA. (pl. xii. f. 59.) Kiener, 1. c. p. 19. ay oe oe Testa elongaté conico-subulata, subturrita, nitida, castanea ; anfractibus planulatis, sulco impresso divisis, longitrorsim acuté plicatis; interstitiislevigatis ; apertura superné attenuata ; columella nuda, rectiuscula, subtruncata ; canali nullo. The folds are separated by distinct smooth spaces, and are sharp and nearly straight ; the girdling is effected more by the cessation of the folds, than by any constriction. ‘The colour is a very dark chesnut, with sometimes a slight appearance of white near the sutures ; the last whorl is banded by white, and its base is somewhat tubercular. Mauritius: Kiener. Guinea: Humphreys. 32. T. pertusa. (pl. xli. f. 42, 43.) Basterot, Buccinum pertusum, Born, Mus. p. 267, t.10, f. 13. Terebra undata, Defrance, Dict. des Scien. Nat. Testa elongaté subulata, subturrita, nitida, fulva; anfrac- tibus planulatis, longitrorsum plicatis, lined impress cinctis, interstitiis plicarum arez superioris rufo-fusco pictis, lineis 162 interruptis tranversim exculptis ; apertura subquadrata, bre- viter canaliculata. Shell elongated, subulate, subturrited, yellow, varying to brown; whorls flat, longitudinally plicate, traversed trans- versely in the intervals between the folds by impressed lines, of which one larger and deeper than the rest represents the girdle. The intervals between the folds of the superior area is richly painted of a deep reddish brown. A short but distinct canal. This is one of those shells with which the earlier Concho- logists were familiar, and it is far better figured by Born than in other more recent works ; indeed, Kiener’s figure is scarcely recognizable. Yet though so long known, it continues far from common in collections, and we are ignorant of its native country. Fossils from Bordeaux and the south of Kurope have been assigned by Basterot and Bronn to this species. 33. T. NEBULOSA. (pl. xlili. f. 51.) Sowerby, Tank. Cat. p. 25. Testa elongaté conico-subulata turrita, nitida, alba, maculis magnis aurantiaco-rufis confusé picta ; anfractibus planulatis, superné sulco punctato divisis, longitrorsum plicatis: plicis obtusis, approximatis, subarcuatis, interstitiis striatis ; anfractu ultimo fasciato. ad basin rufescente; apertura elongaté ovali ; columella nuda, rectiuscula. The girdling is here distinguished by the presence of a punctuation between each fold. The folds are large and broad, and with the interstices striated. The prevailing colour is white, but the shell is handsomely painted with large irre- gular orange-red spots or blotches, and the base and aperture are of the same uniform colour. The last whorl is banded with white. Native country unknown. 34. T. auveoxuata. (pl. xlv. f. 120.) Hinds. 1. c. p. 151. Testa turrito-subulata, attenuaté acuminata, nitida, fusca; anfractibus subplanulatis, superné cingulo tuberculato cinctis, infra plico-costatis, interstitiis striatis; cingulo et an- fractu ultimo albo fasciato, maculis quadratis rufis arti- culato. The description is drawn up from a somewhat young speci- men in the collection of Sir EK. Belcher, and the mouth and last whorl have not yet attained their full development. The character of the shell is, however, very conspicuous. In this genus the last whorl will be found very frequently 163 to offer decided features, and becomes a valuable aid in the diagnosis. Straits of Malacca; in seventeen fathoms among mud. 35. T. spECILLATA. (pl, xliv. f. 96. pl. xlv. f. 116.) Hinds, Oni bats Testa gracilé turrito-subulata, valdé acuminata, alba, rufo sparsim maculata et nebulosd; anfractibus subplanulatis longitrorsum subdistanter tenué plico-costatis, transversim leviter striatis, superné cingulo tuberculato, interstitiis tuber- culorum precipué pictis ; anfractu ultimo fasciato ; apertura parva ; columella subrecta. The spire is attenuated and acuminate, of a dead white irregularly clouded with brown, but much more intense among the series of tubercles; the folds are distant, not very prominent, and nearly straight. Aperture attenuated, and terminating in a canal. San Blas, Mexico; in seven fathoms, sandy mud. 36. T. conspersa. (pl. xliv. f. 74.) Hinds, 1. c. p. 153. Testa turrito-subulata, nitida, alba; anfractibus subrotun- datis, plico-costatis, superné lined impressa, preecipué inter- stitiali, cinctis, propé suturam punctis rufis raro conspersis, interstitiis striatis ; anfractu ultimo ad basin fulvo ; columella nuda, contorta. A pretty little species, only known to me through the two specimens in the collection of Mr. Cuming; and it will readily be distinguished by its sparsely scattered rufous spots and orange base. Catbalonga, Island of Samar, Philippines; eight fathoms, sandy mud: Cuming. 37. T. varicosa. finds, |. c. p. 152. Testa elongaté conico-subulataé, acuminata, nitida ; anfractibus subplanulatis, plico-costatis, superné cin- gulo tuberculato contracto cinctis ; costis subdistan- _tibus, albidis, interstitiis striatis fuscis: anfractu ultimo breviusculo, rotundato, albo, fasciato; co- lumella contorta. Gulf of Papagayo, west coast of Central Ame- rica; in twenty-three fathoms, mud. 38. T. FRIGATA. (pl. xliv. f. 71.) Hinds, 1.c. p.162. T. gracilis, Gray, |. c. p. 61. Testa elongaté conico-subulataé, acuminata, turrita, polita, nitida, pallida ; anfractibus planulatis, superné linea impress divisis, plicatis, interstitiis striatis ; area superiore tuberculis D 164 rotundatis instructa; plicis inferné subtuberculosis ; apertura utrinque attenuata ; columella contorta. The individuals before us appear to have lost all their colour, and are uniformly pale. The folds are remarkable from terminating at their inferior extremity in a swelling or tubercle. A fossil species had previously received Mr. Gray’s name. Africa: Gray. Gallapagos Islands; in six fathoms, coral sand: Cuming. 39. T. pLUMBEA. (pl. xliv. f, 70.) Quoy, Voy. de l’Astro- labe, p. 470, t. 36, f. 29, 30. Testa subulata, acuminata, turrita, polita, nitida, nigricante ; anfractibus planulatis, integris, superne juxta suturam albidis, infra saturatioribus, plicatis ; apertura effusa, atro-fusca ; colu- mella nuda, rectiuscula. A neat highly polished shell with entire whorls and longi- tudinal folds. The whorls at their upper margins are pale, and immediately beneath of a more intense dark than elsewhere. Moluccas: Quoy and Gaimard. Cagayan, Island of Misa- mis, Philippines: Cuming. 40.1. nivipa: (plo xly. £103.) Hinds.oeipals2: Testa obeso-subulata, acuminata, pallidé plumbea, polita ; anfractibus subplanulatis, recté plico-costatis, superné inter- stitiis lined punctata cinctis, ultimo parvo subattenuato, uni- colore, plicis evanidis; labio interno producto ; labro anticé subsinuoso. An excellent diagnostic character exists in this species, in the circumstance that the girdling line which traverses the upper part of each whorl does not cross the ribs, but is con- fined to the interstices. Marquesas ; in seven fathoms, sandy mud. Ay, T. nwasvaras (pl. xliy.cf.. 872) Sewerby, lnc. po ae. Buccinum hastatum, Gmelin. Terebra_ costata, Menke. Syn. Mus. p. 84. Testa subulata, cylindraceaé, acuminata, subturrita, polita, alba, brunneo subfasciata; anfractibus planulatis, integris, plicis numerosis politis, ultimo attenuato, fasciato; apertura attenuata ; columella nuda, recta, truncata ; canali nullo. Remarkably cylindrical, acuminate, white, the lower por- tions of the whorls irregularly ornamented with pale brown. The whorls are entire, with numerous polished folds con- tinuous throughout their breadth. Native country unknown. 165 42. T. casTa. (pl. xliv. f. 84.) Hinds, |. c. p. 156. Testa obeso-subulata, subturrita, albescente, levigata, polita; anfractibus integris, planulatis, superné plicatis et lacteo fasciatis, infra leevigatis, strigis longitudinalibus pallidé fuscis nebulosis ; anfractu ultimo sub-elongato, lacteo fasciato columella brevi, subrecta ; canali nullo. The milky white colour is broken by longitudinal markings of a pale brown; a narrow banding, however, of uninter- rupted white transverses the superior part of each whorl, and also the last whorl. The folds are delicate and numerous, disappearing towards the middle of the whorl. Aperture effuse. Columella truncate. No canal. This species is not girdled, though from the distribution of the colouring, it might at first appear so; and it will thus be readily distin- guished from 7. raphanula, which is decidedly so. Ilo-ilo, Island of Panay, Philippines, at low water: Cuming. 43. T. rupis. (pl. xliii. f. 60.) Gray, l.c.p. 60. T. Petitii, Keener, 1o.cepi..37, 6:13, f. 32: Testa elongaté conico-subulata, acuminata, turrita, pallida ; anfractibus planulatis, subangustis, superné sulco divisis ; plicis subrectis, brevibus, lineis duabus vel tribus impressis decus- satis; apertura utrinque attenuata ; columella nuda, contorta ; breviter canaliculata. So closely allied to 7. plicata, that description must fail to distinguish them; yet on comparison, they are conspicuously distinct. The present is more elongated and coarser, the whorls are narrow and provided with short solid ribs, nearly or quite straight; and these are crossed by two, or perhaps three transverse lines. 7. plicata is highly polished, the ribs are longer, delicate and sharp, placed somewhat at a distance, and very regularly crossed by three or sometimes four lines. New York and Philadelphia: Kiener. 44. T. puicara. (pl. xl. f.61.) Gray, |. c. p. 61. Testa conico-subulaté, acuminata, turrita, pallida, nitida ; anfractibus planulatis, superné cingulatis, longitrorsum plica- tis; plicis acutis, subarcuatis, transversim lineis definitis, circa quatuor, exsculptis; apertura oblonga, subquadrata ; columella nuda, contorta, acuta; breviter canaliculata. Shell conical subulate, acuminate, turrited, of an uniform pale cream-colour, shining ; whorls flat, with slightly sinuous folds, girdled above, with about four transverse very regular D 2 166 impressed lines; last whorl obscurely banded. Aperture rather square. Columella naked, twisted. A short canal. Guayaquil; in seven fathoms, sandy mud: Cuming. 45. T. EBURNEA. (pl. xlv. f. 123.) Hinds, 1. c, p. 153. Testa obeso-subulata, alba; anfractibus leevigatis, nitidis, superné linea impressa, inferné uni-vel biseriatim lineis punc- tatis, cinctis; anfractu ultimo seriebus quinis linearum punc- tarum ; apertura elongata; columella levi, breviuscula. Solid, like ivory, the inferior whorls obese and smooth, the superior plicate, above girdled by a punctated line; one or two others, similar but less conspicuous, transverse the inferior part, and on the last whorls these are several times repeated. The columella is truncate, and slightly callous. Seychelles. 46. T. AMANDA. (pl. xlv. f. 100.) Hinds, 1. c. p. 154. Testa elongaté conico-subulata, nitida; anfractibus planu- latis, superné cingulo tuberculato margaritaceo cinctis, infra secundo minore concolore, inferné aurantiacis biseriatim punc- tato-lineatis, ultimo brevi; apertura parva, quadrata ; colum- ella contorta. An uncommonly pretty shell, offering an elegant contrast between the row of pearly tubercles and the general orange colour. It is only known to me from two individuals in the collection of Sir Edward Belcher, and as neither of these has attained mature age, the characters of the columella are wanting. Straits of Macassar; in eleven fathoms, coarse sand. 47. T. TESSELLATA. (pl. xlv. f. 124,) Gray, |. c. p. 61. Testa subulata, turrita, levigata, alba, brunneo interrupte trifasciata ; anfractibus planulatis, superné seriebus duabus tuberculorum instructis; apertura quadrata; columella con- torta; canali mediocri. A single specimen only of this species exists, and which is in the collection of the British Museum. Native country unknown. 48. T. LIGATA.. (pl. xly. £. 117, 118.) Hinds, 1..c.p. 153. Testa elongaté subulata, acuminata; anfractibus planulatis, transversim striatis, cingulis duobus_ tuberculatis, cingulo superiore et area inferiore maculis quadratis fuscis transversis ornata, cingulo inferiore minore albida concolore; anfractu ultimo parvo, biseriatim maculato. An attractive shell, which though like 7. triseriata it pos- 167 sesses two rows of tubercles, there is little fear of confounding with it. The spots here are transverse, which is rather a peculiarity. The pale individual figured has most probably been deprived of its colour. Marquesas ; in seven fathoms, sandy mud. 49, T. Lincua is. (pl. xl. f. 50.) Hinds, 1.c. p. 153. Testa turrito-subulata, albida, flammeis atro-fuscis longi- tudinalibus ornat&; anfractibus planulatis, lineis duabus impressis divisis, infra suturam tuberculatis ; area inferiore leevigata ; anfractu ultimo subrotundato, levigato, fasciato ; apertura quadrata ; columella contorta; canali reflexo. Shell subulate, turrited, white, with richly coloured dark red flames, occasionally confluent ; whorls about twenty, flat, above with a girdling line, a second often invisible on the inferior portion of the whorl or in the upper ones, upper part with coarse tubercular folds, becoming nearly smooth below; last whorl banded. Aperture square; columella twisted ; canal reflexed. The whorls, particularly those of the spire, are divided into three spaces by two girdling lines; the lower area is smooth, but the two others, particularly the most superior, is tubercled. It is a handsome species, from the deep reddish-brown flames with which it is covered. Gulf of Papagayo, and Bay of Montejo, west coast of America; ten to seventeen fathoms, sandy mud: Cuming and Hinds. 50. T. cornruGaTa. (pl. xlii. f, 62.) Lamarck, 1. c. v. vii. p- 287. ‘T. punctata, Gray, |. c. p. 61. Testa longissimé subulata, turrita, solida, pallida; anfrac- tibus numerosis, angustis, superné linea impressa divisis ; area superiore tumida, nodoso-plicata, interstitiis rufo-fusco pictis; area inferiore contracta, levi, strigis longitudinalibus, rarius biseriatim, ornata ; apertura parva, quadrata ; columella nuda, contorta, acuta, biplicata, plica inferiore majore ;_canali reflexo. Shell slender, subulate, turrited, of a pale colour; whorls numerous, about 24, narrow, girdled, the superior area tumid, with nodulous folds, the interstices filled with reddish-brown spots, the inferior area contracted, smooth, with longitudinal spots, sometimes arranged transversely in two series, of which the superior is by far the smaller; last whorl very short. Aperture square. Columella naked, twisted, with two folds, the inferior being the larger. Canal reflexed. Native country unknown. 168 51. T. FUNICULATA. (pl. xl. f. 63.( Hinds, |. c. p. 153. Testé elongate subulata, turrita, nitida, fulva; anfractibus numerosis, planulatis, superné cingulo levi linea impressa diviso, infra cingulo minore, area inferiore transversim striata ; anfractu ultimo brevi, medio sulco unico ; apertura parva, con- colore; columella subarcuata, acuta, anticé producta; canali breviusculo. The area above the girdle is smooth and trayersed by a sin- gle line, beneath it is tumid, so as to resemble a smaller and second girdling. A remarkable single groove crosses the last whorl near its middle. Native country unknown. 52. T. rrico.or. (pl. lxiv. f. 82.) Sowerby, Tank. cat. p. 24. T. taniolata, Quoy, Voy. de l’Astrolabe, p. 466, t. 36, f. 25, 26. Testa elongaté subulata, acuminata, turrita, leevigata, trico- lore; anfractibus numerosis, planulatis, levibus, superné linea impressa divisis; area superiore alba, area inferiore carne, linea impressa et propé suturam linea rufa bicincta ; anfractu ultimo tricincto; apertura subquadrata; columella’ antice producta. Shell gracefully subulate, perfectly smooth, except that the whorls are girdled, and bear the marks of the arched lines of growth. The superior area is white, and the inferior of a flesh colour; and the line and also the lower part of each whorl close to the suture, has a narrow red line ; an additional one also appears at the base of the last whorl. Tongatabu: Quoy and Gaimard. Island of St. Thomas: Sowerby. It is not probable that both these localities are correct. 53. T. moniuis. (pl. xlin. f. 65, 66.) Quoy, Voy. de lAs- trolabe, p. 47. t. 36, f. 21, 22. Testa gracilé subulata, acuminata, turrita, lutea, fulva, vel fuscescente, unicolore ; anfractibus planulatis, linea impressa divisis, area superiore tuberculis quadratis pallidis cincta, in- feriore laevigata polita, lineis duabus impressis, nonnumquam obsoletis, instructé; apertura subquadrata ; columella acuta, antice producta. Shell gracefully subulate, acuminate, turrited, pale yellow, orange, or brown ; whorls flat, girdled, the superior area occu- pied by asingle series of square pale pustular looking tuber- cles, the inferior smooth and polished, and traversed by two impressed lines, which are often obsolete. Aperture small, rather square, with a short canal. Columella produced for- ward, with an acute margin. Native country unknown. 169 54. T. CINGULIFERA. (pl. xlii. f. 24, 25.) Lamarck, |. c. v. vil. p. 289. T. punctulata, Sowerby. Tank. cat. p. 24. T. punctato-striata, Gray, l. c. p. 61. Testa longissimé subulata, turrita, levigata, flavescente ; anfractibus numerosis superné linea valdé impressa divisis, transversim lineis subdistantibus punctato-striatis indutis ; apertura parva, subquadrata; columella arcuata, producta ; canali brevi. Shell lengthened, subulate, turrited, smooth, pale yellow ; whorls numerous, girdled, beneath with a few definite punc- tated transverse lines. Aperture squarish, with a short canal. Columella arched, produced forward. New Holland. Kiener. Annaa, South Pacific; Ilo-ilo, Island of Panay, and Island of Burias, Philippines : Cuming. Tahiti, Society Islands. 55. T. BABYLONIA. (pl. xliil. f. 67.) Lamarck, 1. c. v. vii. p- 287. TT. striata, Gray, 1. c. p. 60. Testa elongaté subulata, turrita, levigata, nitida, pallide rufescente ; anfractibus planulatis, superné sulco divisis, longitrorsum plicatis; area superiore tuberculis quadratis albidis, subobliquis instructa; plicis aree inferioris latis, albidis, confertis, lineis raris saturatioribus decussatis ; anfractu ultimo ad basin rufo; apertura parva, elongata; columella anticé producta. Among the gracefully subulate, turrited species, this is more particularly distinguished by its closely set, flat, whitish folds, which are crossed by two, rarely three lines, which together with the interspaces of the folds, are of an orange red colour ; the base of the last whorl and the aperture are simi- lourly coloured. Haynan, China: Schroeter. Bow Island; Tahiti, Society Islands; Feejee Islands. 56. T. STRAMINEA. (pl. xlil. f. 22, 23.) Gray, l. c.p. 62. Testa longissimé subulata, turrita, flavescente vel aurantiaca ; anfractibus numerosis, linea valdé impressa divisis, trans- versim sulcatis; area superiore plico-tuberculata, undique rugulosé ; apertura parva; elongaté ovali; columella arcuata producta ; canali breviusculo, subreflexo. Shell gracefully lengthened, subulate, turrited, of a clear yellow, verging to orange; whorls numerous, boldly girdled, transversely sulcate; the upper area plico-tuberculate, and everywhere roughened by the lines of growth crossing the 170 sulci. Aperture small, oval. Columella arched and produced forward. Canal short, reflexed. Haynan, China; Tranquebar : Schroeter. 57. T. previosa. (pl. xlii. f. 54.) Reeve, Proceed. Zool. Soc. 1842, p. 200. Testa longissimé subulata, turrita, rugosa, pallida, fusco interrupte picta ; anfractibus numerosissimis, circa 30, planu- latis, valdé excavato-cingulatis, plicis longitudinalibus arcuatis confertim instructis, interstitiis striatis; apertura elongate subquadrata; columella anticé producta; canali mediocri, reflexo. Shell elegantly subulate, very lengthened, turrited, of a pale colour, irregularly painted with reddish-brown ; whorls very numerous, boldly girdled, closely set with numerous arching folds, the interstices being striate. Aperture small, elon- gated, squarish. Columella produced forward. A _ dis- tinct canal. A single specimen only of this fine species is in the collec- tion of Mr. Cuming, and another is known to exist in the col- lection of M. Griiner. It is, however, surpassed in the num- ber of its whorls by 7. commaculata. China. 58. T. COMMACULATA. (pl. xln. f. 37.) Pfeiffer. Bucci- num strigilatum, Gmelin, (nec Linneus). B. commaculatum, Gmelin, No. 143. Terebra myuros, Lamarck, |. c. v. vil. p. 289. T. scabrella, Lamarck, |.c. v. vii. p. 289. Testa longissimé subulata, turrita, albida, maculis magnis rufis longitudinalibus subquadratis ornata; anfractibus nume- rosissimis, planulatis, superné cingulatis, lineis transversis minuté tuberculatis scabris; striis incrementi conspicuis ; anfractu ultimo parvo, brevi, inferné coarctato; apertura subquadrata; columella anticé producta, contorta, acuta eanali brevi, reflexo. Shell very lengthened, subulate, somewhat turrited, white, with large rather square longitudinal dark red spots; whorls flat, very numerous, in the specimen before me 32 in number, and some of the extreme terminal ones are still wanting, girdled, scabrous from the crossing of transverse striz with the lines of growth; last whorl small, short, and suddenly contracted. Aperture rather square, terminating in a short refiexed canal. Columella produced. The description and figure are from a very elegant specimen in the collection of Mr. Cuming. New Guinea. Fossil on the shores of the Red Sea: Burton. 171 59. TRISERIATA. (pl. xlv. f. 119.) Gray, l. c. p. 61. Testa gracillimé subulata, turrita, pallidé flava ; anfractibus numerosissimis, circa viginti-novem, planulatis, superné seriebus duabus tuberculorum rotundorum cinctis, infra cancellatis, ultimo quadrato ; ; apertura perparva, quadrata ; columella anticé producta; canali mediocri. Of greater length, compared with the diameter, than any other ‘species ; and it is very elegantly proportioned. The whorls are furnished above with two series of rounded tuber- cles, and between which the girdling line passes. Our speci- mens are of a pale yellow varying to a browner colour. Island of Ticao, Philippines; six fathoms, sand: Cuming. China Sea; twenty-two fathoms. The characters presented by this and the two preceding species are aberrant from the more typical Terebre, and pre- sent the only safe grounds on which, at present, any sectional division can be attempted. As such, I have for some time regarded it, and also assigned the group the following desig- nation, and as my views as to its value seem fixed, it is here introduced. SUBGENUS, MYURELLA. Testa longissimé subulata; anfractus numerosissimi, superné cingulo tuberculoso instructi, inferné transversim exculpti, vel rarius totius leves. Apertura perparva, canali- culata. Columella anticé producta. I do not doubt that several other species might be placed here with advantage, but I refrain from doing so now, as between the two, there appears to bea gap which the speci- mens before me do not enable me to fill up, and also because these are often not in such a condition as to unable me to decide. Thus, I regard the production of the columella forward as an inner lip as indispensable, but this character in many cases beforeus is not developed, since it is always attendant on mature age. 60. L&vIGATA. (pl. xliv. f. 93.) Gray, 1. c. p. 6Y. Testa longissimé subulata, acuminata, turrita, concolore ; anfractibus numerosis, planulatis, superné sulco divisis, inferné lineis parvis impressis transversim instructis; area superiore levi, integra ; apertura parva, subquadrata; columella con- torta, acuta; canali mediocri. de funiculata approaches the present species very closely, E 172 but the impressed line of the upper area, and the groove on the last whorl in that shell, with other features, are sufficient to distinguish them. Here both margins of the girdling line are tumid, and prominent above the general surface. Ceylon. 61. T. couumgeuuaris. (pl. xliv. f. 77,) Hinds, |. c. p. 151. Testa elongata, subcylindracea, turrito-subulata, aurantiaca, albo nebulosa; anfractibus subrotundatis, longitrorsum undatim plico-costatis, superné linea impressa cinctis ; inter- stitiis rufis, striatis; anfractu ultimo breviusculo, rotundato, albo fasciato. Apertura effusa; columella nuda. Remarkable from its great similarity to T. undulata, which is itself a peculiar species. The grounds of distinction are its decidedly cylindrical shape, different distribution of the colour, and its short, abrupt, rounded and banded last whorl. At plate xlv. fig. 127, is represented a white variety, but which has in all probability lost its colour. Native country unknown. 62. T. UNDULATA.-(pl. xiii 1.255.), Gray, ce p.G0s. ai pertusa, Kiener, Iconographie, var. t. 11. f. 24, c. Testa attenuaté subovali subulata, acuminata, turrita, nitida, aurantiacd; anfractibus planulatis, superné linea impressa divisis, longitrorsum plicatis ; plicis obtusis, confertis, obliquis, supra cingulum nodulosis, albidis, interstitiis striatis ; anfractu ultimo attenuato, concolore; apertura utrinque attenuata, aurantiaca; columella nuda, rectiuscula. The inferior whorls are slightly swelled, which separates it at once from many species, all of which may be regarded as very lengthened cones; the folds are rigidly oblique, and the inter- vals rather closely striate ; the upper nodulous range is white, but everywhere else it is of a clear orange. The last whorl and aperture are unusually attenuate. M. Kiener has considered it as a variety of 7. pertusa, which is truly a very different shell. Bow Island ; New Guinea; Straits of Malacca. 63: T. ‘arrris. .(pl. cxhy. £78) Gray, lies ps 160: aun. striata, Quoy, Voy. de l’Astrolabe, p. 468. t. 36. f. 23, 24. Testa elongate subulata, turrita, polita, alba, rufo subseria- tim picta; anfractibus sulco divisis, longitrorsum plicatis ; plicis magnis, planis, latis, interstitiis angustis, striatis; an- fractu ultimo attenuato, tranversim rufo-fusco lineato ; aper- tura effusa; columella rectiuscula, contorta. The individuals vary much ; generally they are small and dwarf, anditisthenthe shell described by Mr. Gray ; sometimes they are large and fine grown, in which case it is the shell of M. Quoy. Mr Gray observes that it is allied to 7. nubeculata, but smaller and of more slender proportions. The shell 173 which at present bears this name in the British Museum, is T. nebulosa, and this most probably Mr. Gray means. On the authority of Mr. Sowerby, the author of both these species, T. nubeculata is not to be identified. The name of M. Quoy has priority, but happens to be previously occupied in a fossil species. Feejee Islands; Seychelles. 64. T yvARinGara. (pl! xl. £53) Gray, lic. p61. | T: africana, Gray, Griffiths, ed. Cuvier, t. 23, f. 5. Testa conico-subulata, turrita, alba vel cinerea, maculis lon- gitudinalibus atro-rufis ornata ; anfractibus planulatis, superné sulco impresso divisis; area superiore tuberculato-plicata, in- terrupé fusco picta, inferiore sulcis tribus cincté; anfractu ultimo albo fasciato; apertura subquadrata; columella nuda, contorta ; canali brevi. Shell conical subulate, turrited, white varying to ash; whorls flat, girdled, the superior area with tubercular folds, inter- ruptedly painted with dark red spots, the lower area polished with the regular grooves, ornamented with longitudinal spots ; last whorl banded. Aperture rather square ; columella naked, twisted. A short canal. Guayamas, Gulf of California; in ten to twelve fathoms, sandy mud: Cuming. 65. T. InTERTINCTA. (pl. xliv. f. 81.) Hinds, 1. c. p. 155. Testa conico-subulata, acuminata, turrita, pallida vel cerulescente; anfractibus planulatis, politis, duabus vel tribus lineis transversis, superne cingulo tuberculato, inferné obsoleté tuberculo-plicatis, interstitiis tuberculorum fusco maculatis; anfractu ultimo subrotundato, uniseriatim tu- berculato, interstitiis nebulosis; apertura ovali; columella nuda, contorta. The whorls are surmounted by a row of tubercles, with small brown spots in the intervals; beneath the area is polished, with some obsolete folds, which, descending to the suture, gradually develope, and terminate in a small tubercle ; and, tracing them round the whorls till the lip ceases, they con- tinue over the middle of the last whorl as a row of small tubercles. Gambia ; among sandy mud. 66. T. ARMILLATA. (pl. xliii. f. 49.) Hinds, 1. c. p. 154. Testa turrito-subulata, acuminata, fusca; anfractibus planu- latis, longitrorsum subdistanter plico-costatis, transversim lineis definitis impressis, superné cingulo noduloso, etate valdé notabili; anfractu ultimo subquadrato, ad basin albo fasciato ; apertura atro-fusca ; columella contorta. Shell subulate, turrited, acuminate, brown varying to ash colour; whorls flat, rather distantly plicate, with transverse E2 174 impressed lines, above with a coarse nodulous girdle ; last whorl squarish, banded. Aperture brown within, square. Columella twisted, covered with a very thin callus. Abundant in various localities on the west coast of America, between Panama and the Bay of Magdalena in Lower Cali- fornia, in from five to thirteen fathoms ; also at the Galapagos, in ten fathoms, chiefly in sandy situations. It was also found imbedded in the fossiliferous cliffs which surround a portion of the Bay of Magdalena. 67. T. aspera. (pl. xliii. f. 44.) Hinds, |. c. p. 154. Testa turrito-subulataé, acuminata, pallida, aurantiaca vel fusca; anfractibus subrotundatis, longitrorsum subconferteé plico-costatis, nodulosis, liris transversis decussantibus, superné cingulo plico-nodulifero sparsim fusco maculato; anfractu ultimo rotundato, ad basin albo fasciato; apertura colorem testze simulante; columella contorta. Shell subulate, turrited, acuminate, fluctuating from pale to orange or dark brown; whorls somewhat rounded, with numerous closely-set longitudinal folds, these being crossed by transverse grooves, originate numerous small prominent tubercular interspaces; the upper area is usually pale with distant reddish-brown spots ; last whorl rounded, banded with white. Aperture oblong. Columella twisted. Canal short. Panama, Monte Christi, St. Elena, west coast of America; in from six to ten fathoms, sandy mud: Cuming. 68. T. RADULA. (pl. xliv. f. 95.) Hinds, 1. c. p.155. Testa turrito-subulata, fulva, nitida; anfractibus rotundatis, plicis tuberculatis longitudinalibus et transversis cancellatis, propé suturam serie tuberculorum majusculorum; anfractu ultimo ad basin albo angusté fasciato ; apertura oblonga, con- colore ; columella contorta, acuta. The whorls are rounded and cancellated, with small tubercular elevations at the angles. The series of tubercles above the girdling is somewhat paler, and the last whorl has a narrow band. The shell is unique, in Mr. Cuming’s collection. Puerto Portrero, west coast of America; in thirteen fathoms, coral sand: Cuming. 69. T. BIFRONS. (pl. xliil. f. 57.) Hinds, 1. c. p.155. Testa turrito-subulata, levigata, fusca; anfractibus rotun- datis, inferioribus multiseriatim tuberculatis, superioribus longitrorsum biseriatim tuberculo-plicatis ; tuberculis parvis approximatis, interstitiis levibus ; apertura oblonga ; columella rectiuscula, subtruncata. 175 Shell subulate, turrited, smooth, of a dirty brown; whorls somewhat rounded, entire, the penultimate and ante- penultimate with about four series of small tubercles, the remaining superior whorls with two series of longitudinal folds, their extremities separated by a narrow smooth interval. Aperture oblong, effuse. Columella naked, short, and truncate. Nocanal. Japan: Dr. E. Siebold. 70. T. Guauca. (pl. xliv. f. 85.) Hinds, 1. c. p. 155. Testa turrito-subulata, acuminata, glaucescente; anfrac- tibus rotundatis, eleganter cancellatis, propé suturam cingulo albido tuberculato; anfractu ultimo elongato, pallidé fasciato ; apertura ovali; columella contorta. Probably only the young of 7. radula, nothwithstanding the rather different character of the cancellation, and its glaucous appearance. Native country unknown. 71. T. BicincTA. (pl. xliv. f. 72.) Hinds, |. c. p. 150. Testa subulata, levigata, nitida; anfractibus rotundatis, lined impress divisis, longitrosum plicatis, superné area coarctata, transversim biseriatim super plicas minute tuber- culatis ; plicis tenuibus, acutis, interstitiis levigatis ; anfractu ultimo concolore. Remarkably and very distinctly characterized by the two rows of small tubercles which encircle the whorls beneath the girdling. The shell is otherwise of an uniform white glassy colour, which might be attributable to its condition. Our skilful artist seems to have seen an additional series of tuber- cles ; but except on the last whorl where there are three, I cannot discover more than two. The specimen is unique in the collection of Mr. Cuming. Native country unknown. 72. T. TUBERCULOSA. (pl. xliil. f. 48.) Hinds, 1. c. p. 154. Testa turrito-subulata, acuminata, polita, olivacea ; anfrac- tibus planulatis, levigatis, politis, superné cingulo tuber- culato, area inferiore triseriatim tuberculato; seriebus duabus superioribus frequenter subevanidis; antractu ultimo sub- quadrato, unicolore, multiseriatim tuberculato; columella contorta. Shell subulate, acuminate, turrited, polished, pale olive ; whorls flat, shining, above with a nodulous girdle, beneath with about three series of small regularly disposed tubercles, those in the middle being less distinct; last whorl rather square, not banded. Aperture oblong. Columella naked, twisted. 176 This is a very distinct tubercled species from the collection of Sir Edward Belcher. Panama; Gulf of Papagayo; San Blas; in from four to eleven fathoms. 73.T. LARVaZFORMISs. (pl. xhii. f. 46, 47.) Hinds, l.c. p.155. Testa subcylindracea, turrito-subulata, fusca, nitida ; anfrac- tibus brevibus rotundatis, longitrorsum plico-costatis, superné linea impressa contractatis; costis rotundatis vel varicosis, interstitiis leeviter striatis ; anfractu ultimo breviusculo, pallidé fasciato ; apertura pallida. Shell somewhat cylindrical, subulate, turrited, shining, of a rich brown; whorls narrow, rounded, with longitudinal rounded folds, girdled above, the interstices feebly striated ; last whorl short, with a pale banding. Aperture small and contracted. Columella short, twisted. I have examined a number of specimens of this shell, all of which I refer to this species, and find them vary much in the general and relative proportion of their outline and width of whorls. St. Elena and Monte Christi, west coast of America; in from six to fifteen fathoms, sandy mud. 74. 'T. FENESTRATA. (pl. xliv. f. 86.) Hinds, 1. c. p. 153. Testa elongaté conico-subulata, pallidé fulva; anfractibus planulatis, superné cingulo nodulifero, infra secundo minore, inferné cancellatis; apice subpapillari; anfractu ultimo quadrato ad basin abrupté contractato ; apertura parva ; labio interno subcalloso, producto. The superior series of tubercles is large and prominent, and just beneath is accompanied by a second of smaller size, the remainder of the whorl is cancellated by the crossing of the two or three salient lines. The shell is of an uniform pale dirty yellow colour. 75. T. eicra. (pl. xiv. f. 105.) (ainds, les. doo. Testa subcylindracea, turrito-subulata, nitida, pallidé auran- tiaca, atro-fusco longitrorsum maculata vel nebulosa; anfracti- bus rotundatis, superné cingulo tuberculato, infra plico-costatis, interstitiis striatis; anfractu ultimo fasciato; apertura parva, atro-fusca ; columella subrecta. Highly polished, with a pale brown ground, ornamented with longitudinal dark reddish-brown spots. The folds are short, and crowded with striated interstices. Aperture is small, but not quite formed ; last whorl band with white. San Nicholas, Island of Zebu, Philippines. 177 76. T. vIOLASCENS. (pl. xlv. f. 98.) Hinds, 1. c. p. 154. Testa turrita, cylindraceo-subulata, violacea; anfractibus rotundatis, longitrorsum obliqué plico-costatis, superné linea impressa obsolete cinctis ; costis subconfertis, interstitiis crebré pees ; apertura parva, elongata; columella anticé pro- ucta. The folds are oblique to the right hand of the spectator, and with the interstices closely striate. It is destitute of the polish of 7. picta, its whorls are rounder, and without the dark spots. New Guinea ; in seven fathoms, mud. San Nicholas, Zebu, and Mindanao, Philippines; in twenty to thirty fathoms: Cuming. The Philippine specimens are of a different colour, and dis- posed tobe banded, but they have the appearance of dead shells. The species is very like an American fossil from Alabama, 7. venusta, Lea. (ia t..kLAVA. (pl. xliv. f; 75.) Gray, |. c. p. 60. Testa obeso-subulata, superné attenuata, subturrita, pallide flava, anfractibus planulatis, superné linea impressa divisis, longitrorsum plicatis, striis transversis cancellatis; plicis subrectis, confertis; apertura abbreviata; columella nuda, contorta. Shell not uniformly subulate, the superior whorls being proportionately more so than the others; this with the flattened cancellated whorls and uniform pale yellow colour will readily distinguish it. Native country unknown. 78. T. EvLATA. (pl. xliv. f. 68, 69.) Hinds, |. c. p. 156. Testa subcylindracea, elongaté turrito-subulata, pallide fulva; anfractibus feré planulatis, longitrorsum plicatis, superné linea impressa cinctis ; plicis approximatis, interstitils striatis ; anfractu ultimo ad basin et propé suturam fusco; apertura elongata. Gracefully elongated, glittering, the folds sharp, straight, and rather numerous, with the interstices finely striate. The base of the last whorl is of a brown colour; and some individuals are ornamented with longitudinal spots of a reddish-brown. Bay of Montijo, west coast of America; in fifteen fathoms, coarse sand: Cuming. 79. T. rexriis. (pl. xliv. f. 73.) Hinds, 1. c. p. 156. Testa subulata, pallidé luted; anfractibus feré planulatis longitrorsum plicatis, superné linea punctato-impressa cinctis, 178 serie tuberculorum deindé excisa albida; plicis approximatis, interstitiis striatis ; anfractu ultimo parvo, unicolore ; columella plicata ; labio interno producto. This Asiatic species very closely resembles the American just described, and furnishes another of those instances of affinity, which, whilst still retaining unquestionable distinct- ness, occur so frequently in the shells of the tropics of the two hemispheres ; and thus, whilst both are enriched by similar forms, these present themselves under slight but constant differences. It also bears considerable resemblance to 7. flava, but the characters are quite sufficient to recognize each. Sorgoson, Bay of Manila, Philippines ; Straits of Macassar ; in from six to thirteen fathoms, sand and coarse gravel: Cuming and Hinds. 80. T. CANCELLATA. (pl. xliv. f. 80.) Quoy, Voy. de Astrolabe, p. 471, t. 36, f. 27, 28. Testa subulata, acuminata, fusca, concolore; aufractibus planulatis, superné linea excavato-impressa divisis, plicatis ; plicis numerosis, acutis, subobliquis, interstitiis striatis ; aper- turd utrinque attenuata, atro-fusca; columella antice producta ; breviter canaliculata. The characters here are so negative, that it is not easy to seize on any circumstance which language can express to establish its distinctness, whilst this to the eye is unquestion- able. Its uniform colour must not be overlooked, or the absence of banding on the last whorl. The aperture is of a dark brown, and a ridge of similar colour runs from the columella around the base of the last whorl. This species has priority of TJ. cancellata, Gray, which unfortunately is only known to us from description. Moluccas: Quoy and Gaimard. 81. T. putcurRa. (pl. xlv. f. 129.) Hinds, 1. c. p. 151. Testa turrita, conico-subulata, acuminata, nitida, pallida ; anfractibus subplanulatis, longitrorsum recté plico-costatis, superné linea impressa cinctis, interstitiis levigatis; anfractu ultimo pallidé lineato. Perhaps more nearly resembling 7. plicata than any other species, from which, with a little care, the description will suffice to distinguish it. Marquesas ; in seven fathoms. 82. T. LANCEATA. (pl. xliii. f. 52.) Lamarck, |. c. v. vii. p- 290. Buccinum lanceatum, Gmelin, No. 137, Testa elongaté ovato-subulata, alba, polita, strigis rufis 179 angustis, rarius flexuosis seu interruptis, longitrorsum peni- cillata; anfractibus subrotundatis, integris, levigatis, ultimo attenuato; apertura utrinque attenuata; columella nuda, rectiuscula ; canali nullo. Shell elongated, ovately subulate, white, with longitudinal narrow red lines, more or less straight, rarely angular or flexuous ; whorls quite entire, smooth and polished. Aperture attenuate. Columella naked, straight. No canal. Tahiti; Mauritius: Cuming. Amboina. 83. T. peNIcILLATA. (pl. xliv. f. 91.) Hinds, 1. c. p. 157. ‘Testa turrita, obeso-subulata, levigata, polita, alba lineis undatis rufis longitrorsum dispositis; anfractibus integris, ultimo elongato, efasciato; spira obsoleté plicata ; apertura elongata ; columella levi, truncata; canali nullo. Shell turrited, subulate, the inferior whorls somewhat swelled, with asmooth polished bone-white surface, ornamented longitudinally with waved reddish lines. Whaorls entire, the last similar to the others. Spire inconspicuously plicate. Aperture rather attenuate, and with a smooth naked columella. Seychelles. 84. T. venosa. (pl. xliv. f. 90.) Hinds, 1. c. p. 157. Testa subcylindraceo-subulata, leevigata, polita; anfractibus integris, subplanulatis, superné albo, infra purpureo cinctis, strigis rufis longitudinalibus flexuosis; spira plicata ; anfractu ultimo subrotundato, rarius transversim fasciato vel lineato ; apertura elongata, alba; columella nuda, rectiuscula, truncata ; canali nullo. This is, perhaps, the only species in this now extensive genus where the fasciation of the last whorl is not to be relied on as a character. Both the preceding have been united by M. Kiener with 7. /anceata, but I cannot help regarding them as most unquestionably distinct. The inferior part of each whorl is usually of a darker colour, and sometimes even to be almost banded. Native country unknown. 85. T. 1nconsTans. (pl. xliv. f. 83.) Hinds, 1. c. p. 156. Testa obeso-subulata, acuminata, livida vel pallida, polita ; anfractibus integris, subrotundatis, longitrorsum _plicatis, interstitiis levigatis; infra suturam et ad basin anfractis ultimi pallidé fasciata; apertura effusd; columella truncaté, anticé producta. This species has much of the general character of 7. ano- mala, but the whorls are constantly entire, and the shells are F 180 more acuminate and obese. Pale markings are sometimes present in the interstices of the delicate sharp folds. Sandwich Islands, where it abounds in the sands in con- siderable numbers. 86. T. ANOMALA. (pl. xliv. f. 97.) Gray, 1. c. p. 62. Testa conico-subulata, acuminata, turrita, levigata, polita, pallida vel cinerea; anfractibus planulatis, superné sulco excavato-impresso divisis, longitrorsum plicatis; plicis acutis, politis, inferné evanidis, interstitiis levigatis; apertura ovali, effusa ; columella truncata, anticé producta; canali nullo. The whorls are girdled and polished, with numerous folds disappearing below. The girdling line is accompanied by small excavations in the intervals. Near the whorl it is disposed to be whiter, and the last whorl is banded. Singapore ; in seven fathoms: Cuming. 87. T. CINEREA. (pl. xlv. f. 130.) Basterot. Buccinum cinereum, Born, Mus. p. 267.t. 10, f. 10, 12. Terebra acicu- lina, Lamarck, |. c. v. vil. p. 290. Testa conico-subulata, acuminata, polita, nitida, cinerea vel saturaté fusca; anfractibus subplanulatis, integris, tenué plicatis, infra suturam albidis, inter plicas rufo pictis, ultimo albo fasciato; apertura valde diffusa; columella anticé pro- ducta, rectiuscula, truncata; canali nullo. The present is an old and abundant species, and like some others seems to have been originally brought into notice by Born, to be subsequently forgotten. The are several other species of very similar character, and it is remarkable that the girdling seems a very unimportant feature among them, since some species are without it, whilst others near akin are provided with it. Manila; on the sand: Cuming. Fossil at Bordeaux : Basterot. 88. T. sTRIGILATA. (pl. xlv. f. 101, 122.) Lamarck, 1. c. v. vii. p. 290. Buccinum strigilatum, Linneus Syst. Nat. No. 484. Testa subulataé, acuminata, subturrita, cinerea, polita; anfractibus integris, plicatis, superné albo fasciatis et maculis rufis seriatim ornatis; plicis confertis, obliquis, planulatis, rotundatis ; anfractu ultimo fasciato : apertura ovali; columella nuda, subrecté; canali nullo. Generally of an ash colour fluctuating from pale todark, above with a white band which is ocellate with dark red spots. The individuals vary a good deal in size, and fig. 122, may be regarded as representing rather a large specimen, since the 18] average are smaller. Fig. 101, is an excessively pretty variety of a rich cream colour, but still with the white band, and series of spottings. New Guinea; Straits of Macassar: Hinds. Philippine Islands: Cuming. It is a species which is produced in con- siderable numbers. 89. T. nuctuosa. (pl. xlv.f. 121.) Hinds, |. c. p. 157. Testa gracilé acuminata, levigata, polita, atro-fusca, rarits castanea vel olivaceé; anfractibus subplanulatis, integris, superné plicis parvis undatis, infra evanidis, ultimo elongato, concolore; columella nuda, truncata; canali nullo. Shell gracefully acuminate, highly polished, of a dark ches- nut, sometimes nearly black; whorls entire, covered towards their upper part with numerous fine folds. The aperture very dark within, effuse. Columella straight, naked, and truncate. No canal. Gulf of Nicoya; Puerto Portrero, west coast of America ; in twelve fathoms, coral sand: Cuming and Hinds. 90. T. cusPIDATA. (pl. xlv. f. 28.) Hinds, 1. c. p. 157. Testa gracilé et elongaté subulata, valdé acuminata, laevigata, polita, nitida ; anfractibus planulatis, integris, superné plicatis, infra evanidis, pallidis ceruleo angusté fasciatis; anfractu ultimo levigato, subdiaphano, ad basin fascia rufa ornato ; apertura ovali; columella nuda, excavata, truncata. Very acuminate, highly polished, and semi-opaque ; whorls entire, but in the usual situation of the girdle, with a narrow ash-brown band; their upper half with longitudinal folds. The last whorl with a white base traversed by a well-defined reddish band. Cape Coast, Africa: Humphreys. 91. T. micans. (pl. xlv. f. 125.) Hinds, 1. c. p. 157. Testa conico-subulata, acuminata, semiopaca, pallidé fulva, nitida; anfractibus planulatis, integris, longitrorsum_pplicis capillaribus, superné ceruleo et ad basin anfracttis ultimi fusco fasciatis ; apertura inferné effusd ; columella nuda, truncata. Shell conico-subulate, acuminate, of a shining amber colour ; whorls entire, polished, clothed with numerous very fine capillary folds, somewhat disappearing towards the lower part of the whorl; variously coloured with reddish-black, generally with a narrow band near the suture, and with the inferior whorls more coloured than the upper. Native country unknown. F 2 182 92. T. LEePIDA. (pl. xlv.f. 102.) Hinds, 1. c. p. 158. Testa obeso-vel raritis subcylindraceo-subulata, acuminata, leevigata, polita, albida vel pallideé fulva ; anfractibus planulatis, integris, plicis longitudinalibus acutis, interstitiis leevigatis, superné maculis rufis cinctis; anfractu ultimo subcylin- draceo, pallidé fasciato ; apertura elongata; columella nuda. Of a pale orange colour, the whorls entire, longitudinally plicate, and highly polished. The folds are distant, rather oblique, sharp, and of a whiter colour. Beneath the suture is a series of red spots, one being situated in nearly every alternate interstice. It differs from T. strigilata, in that the spots of that species are painted on a white band, and again that the folds are broad and rounded and touch each other. Guinea; on the sands: Humphreys. 93. T. aLBULA. (pl. xlv. f. 126.) Menke, Moll. Nov. Holland, p. 30. Testa subobeso-subulata, acuminata, turrita, leevigata, polita. alba; anfractibus planulatis, integris, superné crenato- plicatis, medio et inferné levibus, ultimo elongato ; apertura attenuata, effusé ; columella recta, nuda, truncata ; canali nullo. As I am guided alone by description, there may be some doubt whether I have referred the right shell to it; however, it entirely agrees in this respect, and its characters are few and negative. The folds occupy about a third, or something less, of the breadth of the whorl. West Coast of New Holland: Menke. 94. T'. OBESA. (pl xlv. 7. 10.) sends, 11. p- Los. Testa obeso-subulata, levigata, albida, maculis fuscis longi- tudinalibus pallide ornata; anfractibus paucis subrotundatis, integris, ultimo biseriatim maculato; spira obsolete plicata ; apertura oblonga; columella truncata. Polished and white, with a single series of pale spots; whorls entire, the inferior obese and smooth, the superior longitudinally plicate. Aperture oblong; columella slightly callous, truncate. No canal. [ am only conversant with a single specimen, in the collection of Mr. Cuming, of this small but very distinct species. Native country unknown. 95. T. nassorpEs. (pl. xlv. f. 115.) Hinds, 1. ec. p. 158. Testa obeso-subulata, levigata, nitidi; anfractibus planu- latis, integris, superné albo, medio fusco cinctis, ultimo con- 183 colore ; apertura inferné effusa; columella nuda, rectiuscula, subtruncata ; canali nullo. Whorls entire, polished, with longitudinal straight folds ; beneath the suture banded with white, towards the middle with a dark narrow band, elsewhere of an ash colour. Native country unknown. 96. T. FricTiLis. (pl. xlv. £ 109, 110.) Testa obeso-subulata, acuminata, turrita, levigata, nitida, alba; anfractibus planulatis, lined impressa divisis, plicatis ; plicis acutis, brevibus, interstitiis levigatis ; propé suturam et ad basin anfracttis ultimi nigricante ; apice fusca; apertura effusa; columella nuda, subcontorta; canali nullo. Very similar to 7’. nassoides, from which it is at once sepa- rable by its girdled whorls. Australia ; most probably from somewhere on its southern shores. 97. T. TuBEROSA. (pl. xlv. f. 99.) Hinds,1.c. p. 152. Testa turrito-subulata, saturate fulva, aspera, nitida; anfrac- tibus rotundatis, longitrorsum costatis, superné cingulo numerosé tuberculato ; costis brevibus, nodulosis striis decus- santibus ; columella contorta. In this characteristic species the girdle consists of a number of small tubercles, superior in number to the vertical ribs. 98. T. rustica. (pl. xlv. f. 113.) Hinds, 1. ec. p, 158. Testa obeso-subulata, acuminata, fusca, nitida, striis trans- versis scabra; anfractibus subrotundatis, longitrorsum plico- costatis, superné infra suturam luteis; plicis subdistantibus, feré continuis ; anfractu ultimo elongato, concolore ; apertura elongata; columella nuda, levi, subrecta. An acuminate, retuse species, with distant straight rounded folds, and scabrous from crossing striz. The aperture and last whorl are both elongated, and the latter displays no band. The colour is of a rusty red. The figure represents a fine specimen in the collection of Wm. Metcalfe, Esq. Native country unknown. 99. T. acicuuaTa. (pl. xlv. f. 104.) Gray, 1. c. p. 63. Buccinum aciculatum, Lamarck, |. c. v. vil. p. 274. Testa ovata, acuminata, pallida, polita; anfractibus tuberculato-plicatis, medid subangulatis et atro-fusco fasciatis, interdum, precipue anfractu ultimo, lineis rufis angulatis ornatis; apertura attenuata, subeffusa; columella nuda, elongata. 184 From the next species this will be distinguished by the angular disposition of the whorls, and the tubercular folds which attenuate towards the sutures. The last whorl occupies nearly half of the entire length. Acapulco; Sonsonati; Xipixapi: Cuming. 100. T. cosEnTINI. (pl. xlv. f. 107.) Philippi, Enum. Moll. Sicilp: 227, t. dict. 225 Testa elongaté ovata, acuminata, turrita, cinerea, polita; anfractibus integris, superné tuberculis acutis uniseriatim coro- natis, nigricante pictis, ultimo propé basin fasciato; apertura utrinque attenuata; columella nuda, recta; canali brevi vel subnullo. Shell ovate, acuminate, polished, the whorls crenated by a row of sharp tubercles, and between them and the suture is a much smaller series, not at first very conspicuous. The character of the shell is rather aberrant, and may he regarded as significant of its extra-tropical habitat. Naples: Philippi. 101. T. renera. (pl. xlv. f. 111.) Hinds, l.c. p. 158. Testa parva, obeso-subulata, levigata, nitida; anfractibus plico-costatis, pallidé fulvis, superné prope suturam rufo fasciatis, ultimo ad basin rufo; plicis continuis ; columella contorta. . A highly polished pale orange yellow shell, remarkable for the folds being continuous at their extremities throughout the length. Beneath the suture it is surrounded by a reddish band. Straits of Malacca; in seventeen fathoms. Ceylon. 102. T. MERA. (pl. xlv. f. 108, 114.) Hinds, 1. c. p. 158. Testa subcylindraceo-subulata, levigata, nitida, albida, vel pallidé rufo laté fasciaté; anfractibus subplanulatis, integris, superné plicis parvis numerosis obliquis, infra evanidis ; aper- tura parva, elongata; columella subtruncata ; canali mediocri. Its milk-white surface is lightly ornamented with a broad band of dull rose colour. The folds are numerous and oblique, the shellis highly polished. Straits of Malacca ; in seventeen fathoms, mud. 103. T. pyamaa. (pl. xlv. f. 112.) Hinds, 1. c. p. 158. Testa purpurea, obeso-subulata; anfractibus paucis, sub- rotundatis, longitrorsum minuté plico-costatis, superné insigniter fascia angusté atro-purpurea cinctis, ultimo propé basin fasciato ; apertura parva, fuscd; columella anticé pro- ducta, truncata; canali nullo. 185 A pretty little elongated ovate shell, with plicate whorls, and a narrow dark band traversing the upper portion of each, and thus running in a spiral manner round the shell. The figure represents an enlarged view. The only specimen of which I am cognizant, is in the collection of Sir Edward Belcher, C.B. Straits of Malacca; in seventeen fathoms, mud. 104, T. auBa, Gray, 1. c. p. 60. “Testa turrité, subulata, costis longitudinalibus spirali- busque frequentibus cancellata; anfractibus planis, cingulo convexiusculo ; apertura parva; alba.” This species I have seen, but at the present moment it is unfortunately mislaid. Its length is three-quarters of an inch. Native country unknown. 105. T. CANCELLATA, Gray, |. c. p. 62. “ Testa turrita, subulata, sulcis spiralibus frequentibus profundis, plicis longitudinalibus equalibus subconfertis ; anfractibus planis, sulco posteriore profundo; apertura subparva, labio interiore incrassato elevato ; pallidé cinerea.” This I have never seen, and I believe the original specimen to be lost. Its length is one inch and three-quarters. The name has been previously applied M. Quoy. Native country unknown. 106. T. NUBECULATA, Sowerby, Tank. cat. app. p. 25. “Testa turrito-subulaté, albo et aurantiaco-nebulosa, anfractibus longitudinaliter sulcatis, sulcis confertis, inter- stitlis sulcorum crenulatis, linea propé suturam punctis impressis notata; basi aurantiaca.”’ Even with the aid of Mr. Sowerby, this species is not now to be identified. The length is nearly two inches and a half. Native country unknown. 107. T. tavis, Gray, 1. c. p. 61. After repeated examinations of the very miserable specimen which has been described under this name, I feel satisfied that it is only the worn apex of either 7. muscaria, or T. oculata, which in an early state are much alike. 108. T. — D’Orbigny, Description de l’Egypte, Mollusques, pl. 4. fig. 28. At the above reference will be found a highly magnified representation of a minute shell, which is stated to bea Terebra, but is unaccompanied by any comment or further 186 explanation. The materials only enable us thus briefly to notice it here. 109. T. SANDWIZENSIS,——-— ? Of this I can obtain no information, except that it occurs in a French catalogue. EXCLUDEND. T. virrata, Lamarck, Encyclop. pl. 402, f. 4, a. b. T. GRANULOSA, Lamarck, Hist. des Animaux. v. vii. p. 291. T. LINEOLATA, Sowerby, |. c. p. 76. T. TAHITENSIS, Gray, l. c. p. 63. T. PoLira, Gray, |. c. p. 63. The synonomy of these, together with a list of the fossil species, will be found in my Synopsis of the Genus contained in the Proceedings of the Zoological Society for 1843, p. 166—168. Terebra aciculata, Gray . aciculina, Lamarck pS: GAY. oc ina cs , afreana, Gray’... .. Riba Gray am oe ers Weal bide, Graefes sisss a ase albumlasiMerntke: 20.3 onc. ce * alveolata, Hinds). .). 0)... 5. Famanuda, Hundg. 5.0... elec le lelelelelelalelslelvictcicicicicicicictelelo ieee HAH ir. ii 187 INDEX OF NAMES. anomala, Gray SPURS US RPO raat ae ses . armillata, Hinds aspera, Hinds). 2.2... + 5 babylonia, Lamarck ...... bicineta, Hands n.e e252 bifrons, Hinds buccinoidea, Blainville .... ceerulescens, Lamarck.... . cancellata, Gray.. ««.. . cancellata, Quoy e LOPRERS PONT Yia/e i.) = mis 's,0 5,0 = Casta, Hunas >... , castanea, Aener . cerithina, Lamarck cinerea Basterot.......... cingula, Aiener.... cingulifera, Lamarck...... chlorata, Lamarck........ . columellaris, Hinds commaculata, Pfeiffer .... . consors, Hinds . conspersa, Hinds copula, Hinds... 5.5. Tele corrugata, Lamarck ...... Cosentini, Philippi........ costata, Menke .......... eee ee wees ee seXe) cheese . crenulata, Lamarck . cuspidata, Hinds ....... . dimidiata, Lamarck .... . duplicata, Lamarck Dussumierii, Azener..... eburnea, Hinds... .-..... NRE SAR AAR AS ANS SAR NASA SAS SAHARA elata, Hinds ..... . elongata, Wood .... ; ; is, fatua, Hinds ..... felina, Sowerby......... . fenestrata, Hinds ....... A HELINSY EOS A ek et Ms flammea, Lamarck........ . flammea, Lesson Hava, Gray mathe ee « = ibipata indsst.2 2S . funiculata, Hinds ........ fusca, Perry Jusco-maculata, Sowerby .. gemmulata, Hiener ..... glauca, Finds.) oO... sk. © Gracies, GAY oo. ae ks granulosa, Lamarck .. . hastata, Sowerby ........ inconstans, Hinds ....... intertincta, Hinds ....... Knorr, Grays 8 o5 . mera, Hinds . micans, Hinds . . monilis, Quoy . muscaria, Lamarck . myuros, Lamarck .... . nassoides, Hinds...... ". nebulosa, Kiener ........ . nebulosa, Sowerby........ . nimbosa, Hinds.... « Mitidas lends. ais tee . nubeculata, Sowerby... ODESSA; Wim S te ee so se . oculata, Lamarck . Ormata, Gray coe, . penicillata, Hinds .... . pertusa Basterot.. . . Petitii, Kiener . picta, Hinds » plicata, iGrayeer te cae ox =. plumbeass@eg otstees 37-1 porta, (GTA ica cee eine + pretiosa, dteaven 6.5. ..c . pulchra, Hinds ... . punctata, Gray)... . punctato- striata, Gray.. . punctulata, Sowerby... . pymea, Hinds SeLAGU ase cS ee . raphanula, Lamarck » LODUSta, Hinds ©.) oat a) [e\ 0) ¢@) (ew) ele de «fel 0 se ee ee ee veer sere ee NSS SASS SSS AR SESS SANA SSNS . rudis, Gray to. tO rustica, Hinds... ...seen. sandwizensis .. scabrella, Lamarck . wee senegalensis, Lamarck .... . specillata, Hinds spectabilis, Hinds straminea, Gray striata, Quoy... striata, Gray...... . striatula, Lamarck. . . strigata, Sowerby .. . strigilata, Lamarck stylata, Hinds subulata, Lawarck...... succinea, Hinds........ tenioluta, Quoy........ tahitensis, Gray ...... tenera, Hinds.... . tessellata, Gray...... . textilis, Hinds tuberosa, Hinds. . undata, Defrance . oem . ; | undulata, Gray... .... varicosa, Hinds oe ce ees oe eire: tS TINe (GAY ne eee . tricolor, Sowerby: -052. <4; . triseriata, Gray........ . tuberculosa, Hinds . Variegata, (Gray). .28 - 6 . venosa, Hinds . violascens, Hinds . vittata, Lamarck .. . zebra, Kiener, . 189 EXPLANATION OF PLATES XLI. XLII. XLIII. XLIV. XLV. TEREBRA. Fig. 1, 2,3, 4. T. duplicata. 48 5. T. cerulescens. 49 6, 15. T. cerulescens. 50. 7, 8. T. dimidiata. 5} 9. T. duplicata. | 52 10. T. strigata. Be 11, 12, 13, 14. T. senegalensis. 54. 15, 6. T. cerulescens. 5a 16, 38, 39. T. subulata. 56 17, 20, 41. T. muscaria. 57. 18, 19, 32. T. crenulata. 58 20. T. muscaria, var. 59, 21. T. nimbosa. 60. 22, 23. T. straminea. 61 24, 25. T. cingulifera. 62 26. T. consors. 63 oF t. lagrina: 64. 28. T. fatua. 65, 66. 29. T. chlorata. 67. 30. T. tigrina. 68, 69. 31. T. oculata. 70. 32. T. crenulata, var. 71 33. T. maculata. 792 34. T. ornata. 73 35. T. robusta. 74 36. T. flammea. | 75 37. T. commaculata. 76 38, 39, 16. T. subulata. Vis, E27 40. T. succinea. 7 41. T. muscaria. 79. 42, 43. T. pertusa. | 80. 44, T. aspera. 81. 45. T. cingula. | 82. 46, 47. T. larveformis. | 83. io 2) pipielsisiciciclcleteicicicicislclcllelelelele eee eee . tuberculosa. armillata. lingualis. . nebulosa. lanceata. variegata. pretiosa. undulata. albida. . bifrons. cerithina. - castanea. rudis. plicata. corrugata. funiculata. argus. monilis. babylonia. elata. plumbea. frigata. bicincta. textilis. conspersa. flava. - copula. - columellaris, affinis. stylata. - cancellata. . Intertincta. - tricolor. T. inconstans, 190 84. T. casta. 85. T. glauca. 86. T. fenestrata. 87. T. hastata. 89. T. spectabilis. 90. T. venosa. 91. T. penicillata. 92. T. gemmulata. 93. T. levigata. 94. T. raphanula. 95. T. radula. 96. T. alveolata. 97. T. anomala. 98. T. violascens. 99. T. tuberosa. 100. T. amanda. 101, 122. T. strigilata. 102. T. lepida. 103. T. nitida. 104. T. aciculata. 105. T. picta. 106. T. obesa. 88, 107.0. 108, 114. T. 109, 110. T lite Ts 112. T. ioe 114, 108. T. 115. 8. 116. T. 107, 118.7: 119. T. 120. T. 121. T. 122, 101. T. 193. 1: 124, T. 125.7. 126. T. 127, 77.'T a iT 129. Consenti. mera. - fictilis. . tenera. pygmea. rustica. mera. nassoildes. specillata. ligata. triseriata. alveolata. luctuosa. strigilata. eburnea. tessellata. micans. albula. . columellaris. cuspidata. pulchra. 130. T. cinerea. eR TRE LBS SUE Bye om eee ax TE oe ato TE a a o.. PX oS at eS VLA) ba ee oe 35 SAE 5 ve Ye. Wage Secor ‘i Vad ee VEU Xie ae eS Ih Ph Whi ~ er ‘ Ay ia ¥, Sree oe XLII 191 MONOGRAPH OF THE GENUS VOLUTA. Char. Gen. Testa subovata, coloribus plerumque variis picta. Apex papillaris. Columella plicata, plicis inferioribus majoribus, basi emarginata. Hpidermis tenuis. Shell of a more or less elongated oval form, and for the most part variously coloured. Apex of the spire papillary, sometimes very obtuse and somewhat irregular, though generally beautifully regular; rarely somewhat acute. Columella plaited, the lowest plaits bemg in general the largest and the most oblique. The Genus Voluta as it was left by Lamarck, (including Cymba and Melo), appears to us to form a very natural family; which might perhaps be further divided into genera and subgenera advan- tageously for the interests of science. What we now give are the Volutes as separated from Cymba and Melo by Broderip, whose opinions upon this subject we gladly adopt, he having studied this family most completely. The various species of this beautiful genus differ greatly in form, and these differences, together with other characters, may either be used as the foundations of divisions in the genus or as subgeneric characters. Those with a large, regular, and smooth apex might properly constitute one division; some of these, as V. imperialis, have the spire crowned with long and strong spines; others, as V. Scapha, are quite free from such spines, or have the last volu- tion only tuberculated posteriorly. A second division might be constituted of such as V. Vespertilio, V. rutila and others, in which the apex of the spire is surrounded by small tubercles. A third division might consist of such as have a small, rather acute, smooth apex, such as V. marmorata, Swains., V. Cymbiola,. Chemn., which approach the Me/ones; such as V. Vexillum and V. indica, which, having an increased number of folds on the Columella, approach the Musics, which have a still greater number of folds on the Co- lumella. Then the Volutes, with a truncato-papillary apex, which is somewhat irregular, and which approach the Cymbe (through H 192 V. Mamilla, Gray), such as V. papillosa, V. fulminata and others, might constitute a fourth division. The Mitriform species, such as V. lyriformis, V. mitriformis and others, would naturally form a fifth division. Several species would still remain, which could not be arranged with any of the above, these are V. bullata, Swains., V. dubia, Brod., which are anomalous and probably osculent forms. The Volutes are marme and appear to belong to the more tem- perate and warmer zones. Many fossil species are known, princi- pally belonging to the tertiary beds. _ DESCRIPTION. 1. Votura MaRMorata (pl. xlvi. f. 8.), Swazns. er Testa ovata, suboblonga, ventricosd, levi, fulvo-carneolata, ma- culis lmeisque castaneis, irregularibus, angulato- flexuosis, fasciatim dispositis, picté; spira brevi, apice conico, anfractibus ‘tribus ad quatuor primis leevibus, ceteris duobus ad tribus posticé subangu- laribus, seriem unicam spinarum obtusarum parvarum matrnetis’ anfractu ultimo maximo, anticé attenuato, apertura maxima % lon- gitudinis teste equante, oblongo, latiusculo, intus fulvescente, an- ticé saturatiori ; labio externo subincrassato, subreflexo ; plicis colu- mellz quatuor, validis, fulvis. Shell ovate, sub-oblong, ventricose, smooth, of a yellowish flesh colour, with irregular spots, and angularly flexuous chesnut lines, arranged in bands ; spire short, with a conical apex ; volutions 83-4, the first smooth, and the remaining two or three shghtly angular posteriorly, with a single row of obtuse small spines, the last volu- tion very large, attenuated anteriorly ; aperture very large, $ of the length of the shell, oblong, rather broad, fulvous within, which is darker at the anterior end; outer ip somewhat thickened and re- flected ; folds of the columella four, distinct, fulvous. This is an Australian form, we have represented Miss Saul’s specimen. 2. VotuTa Cymproxa (pl. hi. f. 75, 76.), Chemn. Testa oblonga, crassiusculi, glabra, pallida, maculis pallideé fus- cis subtrigonulis punctisque castaneis sparsim notati; spira brevi, subconica, apice papillari ; anfractibus 5, quorum ultimis duobus ad tribus posticé spiniferis; spinis parvis, acutis; suturd subtilis- simé spinulosi; anfractu ultimo elongato, antic’ subattenuato ; apertura oblonga’, columellz plicis quatuor validis. 193 Shell oblong, rather thick, smooth, of a pale colour, with pale, fuscous subtriangular spots, sprinkled over with chesnut dots, spire short, subconical, with a papillary apex ; volutions five, of which the two or three last are furnished posteriorly with small sharp spines; the suture very finely spinulose ; the last volution elongated, anteriorly subattenuated ; aperture oblong ; columella with four distinct folds. This species does not appear to have been ever noticed either by Lamarck or Swainson, although sufficiently well described and figured by Chemnitz, vol. x. f. 1885, 1386. Westill use Chemnitz’s name (Voluta Cymbiola), for Kiener’s assertion that Lamarck had already given that name to another species is xo true. We have represented two varieties; our f. 75 is in Mr. Cuming’s collection and f. 76 in the British Museum. 3. Votura Corona (pl. lv. f. 120, 121.), Chemn. Testa obovata, ex carneo albida, punctis rufescentibus ornaté ; longitudinaliter striis exaratd, striis in anfractuum suturas exeunti- bus in spinas subtilissimas et acutissimas; anfractu ultimo posticé spinis coronata, spinis antic fornicatis ; columelle plicis quatuor anticis distinctis, posticis nonnullisque minoribus : apice papillari. Shell obovate, whitish flesh coloured, ornamented with reddish dots, longitudinally striated, with the strie at the sutures of the volutions running out into very fine and acute spines; last volu- tion posteriorly crowned with spines, which are vaulted anteriorly ; columella with four distinct folds anteriorly, and several smaller posteriorly. We formerly thought that the shell figured by Chemnitz, vol. x. f. 1387, 1388, was only a young shell of /. Cymhiola ; however, upon reading over his description in German, we find he mentions a character that does not belong to V. Cymbiola—he there men- tions, besides four principal folds on the columella, several smaller folds above them. We have therefore copied his figures and drawn up our description from his, as we have never seen the shell. 4. VoLura Lurgostoma (pl. li. f.59.), Chemn.; V. chrysos- toma, Swains. ; Testa turbinata, crassa, levi, albicante, lineis angulato-flexuosis maculisque angularibus continuis fusco-castaneis picta, spird brevi, subconica, apice obtuso, anfractibus primis tribus levibus palles- centibus, ceteris tribus posticé subangularibus, spinis brevibus acutis fornicatis coronatis; anfractu ultimo maximo; apertura elongata, anticé latiori, intus aured, labio externo rotundato, sub- incrassato, plicis columelle 4, validis. 194 Shell turbinated; thick, smooth, whitish, with angularly flexuous dark chesnut lines, and continuous angular spots ; spire short, sub- conical, with an obtuse apex; first three volutions smooth and pale coloured, the remaining three posteriorly subangular, crowned with short, acute, vaulted spmes, last volution very large ; aperture elongated, broader anteriorly, golden yellow within; outer hp rounded, somewhat thickened, columella with four distinct folds. Chemnitz says it was found in the Kast Indian Seas, specimens are in the British Museum and in Mr. Cuming’s collection. 5. VoLurTa IMPERIALIs (pl. liv. f. 102.), Lam. Testa turbinatd, crassd, levi, fulvescente, maculis, lmeisque an- gulatis castaneis picta, posticé spmis coronata, spiré brevi, anfrac- tibus 4 primis levibus, politis, apicem papillarem efformantibus, duobus ultimis posticé spinis longiusculis, suberectis, subincurvis, coronatis, anfractu ultimo maximo, anticé paululum reflexo, aper- turd magna, intus aurantiaco-flavescente ; columellé quadriplicata, plicé antic& feré verticali. Shell turbinated, ek, smooth, fulvous, marked with angular chesnut lines and spots, and posteriorly crowned with spines, spire short, with a papillary polished apex, formed of the four first smooth volutions ; the two last volutions crowned with rather long, nearly erect, somewhat curved strong spines, the last volution very large, anteriorly shghtly reflected ; aperture large, internally of an orange yellow colour; columella with four folds, of which the anterior is nearly vertical. From the Philippine Islands, Mr. Cuming. 6. Votuta Scapua (pl. xlvi. f. 1, 2; pl. xlvin. f. 35.). Testi turbimata, ventricosa, levi, crassa, pallescente, maculis li- neisque angulato- flexuosis castanels varie picté ; spird brevi, obtusa, anfractibus senis, quatuor primis apicem papillarem efformanti- bus, ultimo maximo, posticé plerumque obtusé subangulato ; aper- turd magni, labio externo subalato, mterno plerumque supra ultimum anfractum subextenso, posticé incrassato, columellé quad- riplicata. Shell turbinated, ventricose, smooth, thick, of a pale colour with chesnut spots and angularly flexuous lines; spire short, obtuse, with a papillary apex, formed of the four first volutions, the last volution very large, generally obtusely subangular posteriorly ; aper- ture large, the outer “Tip somewhat winged, and the inner generally slightly “extended over the last volution, and thickened posteriorly, columella with four distinct folds. 195 This species is very variable in form; we have represented three varieties, namely, that with the rounded posterior angle, that which is tuberculated and the ovoid form. 7. Votura vorvacea (pl. xlvi. £3, 4; pl. li. £ 61.), Lam. Test& ovato-turbinata, levi, crassa, albido-flavescente, fusco ob- scuré nebulosi, spira breviusculd, apice parvo, papillari, obtusius- culo, anfractibus senis, ultimo maximo, posticé rotundato, subangu- lato ; apertura magné, latiori ; columellee plicis 4, validis, penultima subduplicata. Shell ovato-turbinated, smooth, thick, whitish yellow, clouded with dull brown ; spire short, apex small, papillary, rather obtuse ; volutions 6, the last very large, and posteriorly obtusely subangular ; aperture large, broad; columella with four distinct folds, the last of which is somewhat doubled. We have represented the three principal varieties of this shell ; one, which is the usual variety, without spines; another, with a row of strong vaulted spines around the posterior part of the last volutions, and the ovoid variety: the first is in Mr. Cuming’s, the second in Mr. Norris’s collection, and the last in the British Mu- seum, 8. Votura Zepra (pl. li. f. 83, 84.), Leach; Zool. Mise. (1814), vol. io $..42.,£1. Testa ovato-oblonga, crass4, levi, albida, strigis aurantiaco-cas- taneis vel castaneis, longitudinalibus, angustis, undulatis, crebris, pict&; spird brevi, conicd, apice papillari; anfractibus 23, primis papillam efformantibus, 3tio 4toque paululum granosis, ultimo magno, posticé ventricosiore ; aperturA subelongata, labio externo crassiore ; columelle plicis quatuor validis, anticA minori. Shell oblong-ovate, thick, smooth, whitish, marked with chesnut or orange chesnut, narrow, undulated, close-set, longitudinal streaks; spire short, conical, with a papillary apex of 22 volutions, the 8rd and 4th volutions slightly granose, the last large, ventricose behind ; aperture somewhat elongated, with a thickened outer hp ; columella with four distinct folds, of which the anterior is the smaller. Placed by Lamarck among the Marginelle, under the name of Marginella radiata, in 1822. We are inclined to regard the Vol. lineata, Leach, Zool. Misc. vol. i. t. 12. f. 2. as a variety of this species ; it differs in beg somewhat more elongated, less ventri- cose, of a darker colour, and in having the spire rather more pro- duced, with the row of granules more distinct ; its outer lip also is not quite so much thickened ; we have represented both varieties. 196 9, Votuta unDuLaTA (pl. xlvi. f. 28, 29.). Testa ovato-subfusiformi, crassa, levi, fulvescente, maculis fuscis, lineisque longitudinalibus castaneis undatim flexuosis picta, spira conic’, apice papillari; anfractibus senis, tribus primis papillam efformantibus, ceeteris tribus solum coloratis ; ultimo posticé obtusé subangulato, ventricoso; apertura elongaté, anticé latiori; labio externo incrassato ; interno (state) expansissimo ; columellee plicis 4, nonnunquam plicd vel plicis duabus minoribus adjectis. Shell ovate, subfusiform, thick, smooth, pale fulvous, with darker spots, and undulated, flexuous, longitudinal, chesnut lines; spire conical, with a papillary apex of 3 volutions, the remaining 3 volu- tions alone being varied in colour, and the last posteriorly obtusely angulated and ventricose, aperture lengthened, broad in front, outer lip thickened ; columella with 4 distinct folds, and sometimes with one or two smaller additional folds. In old specimens the inner lip spreads far over the front of the shell and its margin is much thickened ; the folds on the columella also are occasionally more or less irregular. From Australia. We regard the V. stragulata of Muhlfeld as a variety of this species. 10. Votura macutata (pl. ln. f. 85, 86.), Swains.; Exot. Conch., p. 23. pl. xxvii. Testa oblonga, crassiuscula, levi, mtidd, fulvescente, macularum subquadratarum fasciis nonnullis transversis castaneis picté; spira brevi, obtusd, apice papillari, papill4 magnd, anfractuum 3} ad 4 sistente; anfractibus ceteris duobus solum pictis, ultimo posticeé subventricoso ; apertura recta, elongata, latruscula, fulvescente ; co- lumelle plicis 4: albis Shell oblong, thickish, smooth, shining, fulvous, with several transverse bands formed of squarish chesnut spots; spire short, obtuse, with a large papillary apex of 31 to 4 volutions, the two remaining volutions only having the spots, and the last bemg pos- teriorly somewhat ventricose ; aperture straight, lengthened, rather broad, fulvous within; columella with 4 distinct white folds. A very beautiful Australian species, first described by Swainson. We have represented two varieties, which differ shghtly m their proportions; f. 85 is in Mr. Cuming’s collection, and f. 86 in the British Museum. 11. Voxura patzipa (pl. li. f. 91-94.), Gray, in Gmiffith’s Cuvier, v. 18. pl. xxx. f.4; V.Turneni, ibid. pl. xl. f. 1. Testa elongato-ovatd, tenuiusculd, levi, fulvescente, spadiceo- 197 lineata, vel pallidé fulvo-bifasciata ; spirA brevi, acuminata, anfrac- tibus 6, primis 4 immaculatis, ceteris plus minusve coloratis ; aper- turd elongata, labio externo subincrassato ; columella plicis 4 validis. Shell of a lengthened oval form, rather thin, smooth, with dark brown lines, or two pale fulvous bands, spire short, acuminated, volutions 6, the 4 first unvaried in colour, and the other more or less variegated ; aperture elongated, outer lip somewhat thickened ; columella with 4 distinct folds. From the coast of New Holland. We are compelled to unite the V. Turner of Gray with his V. pallida, because we find nothing to distinguish them except the variations of colour, which cannot be relied on as specific characters. 12, Vorura Reticunata (pl. xlix. f. 47, 48.), Reeve. Testa oblongo-ovati, tenuiuscula, levi, fulvescente, castaneo-re- ticulata, fasciis duabus saturatioribus, strigis brevibus longitudina- libus nonnullis ante suturam pictis ; spird brevi, acuminata, anfrac- tibus senis, primis 4 fuscis ; apertura elongata, latiuscula ; columellee plicis quatuor. Shell oblong-ovate, rather thin, smooth, pale fulvous, reticulated with chesnut, with two darker bands, and with a few short, longitu- dinal streaks in front of the suture ; spire short, with an acuminated apex of 4 fuscous volutions, the remaining volutions two, of which the last is very large; aperture lengthened, rather wide ; columella with 4 folds. From the coast of New Holland. This species differs from pallida of Gray in its proportions. 13. Votura Junonta (pl. xlix. f. 44.). Testa ovato-fusiformi, crassa, levi, tenerrimé decussatim striata, pallida, maculis castaneis rotundato-quadratis fasciatim tessellata, seriebus macularum duplicatis ; spird breviuscula, apice acuto-papil- lari, infra apicem cancellatim subrugos4; anfractu ultimo maximo, oblongo, anticé transversim obsoletissimé striato ; aperturd rectius- cula, elongata, subangusta; labio externo intus subincrassato ; co- lumella 4-plicata. Shell ovate-fusiform, thick, smooth, very finely decussately stri- ated, of a pale colour, with rounded square chesnut coloured spots, arranged in double transverse rows ; spire rather short, with an acute papillary apex ; the several smaller volutions are cancellately sub- rugose, and the last volution very large, oblong, and finely striated transversly in front ; aperture straightish, lengthened, rather narrow, outer lip somewhat thickened within ; columella with 4 folds. 198 This extremely rare and valuable shell is said to be brought from the Gulf of Mexico: the few specimens we have seen have measured ’ from 22 to 4 inches in length. Lamarck has inadvertently described the columella as subseptemplicata. 14. Votura puncrata (pl. hii. f. 89, 90.) Swaims. Testd subovali, crasstusculé, levi, pallidé fulva, maculis satura- tioribus subquadratis seriatim dispositis, punctisque concoloribus sparsis picta ; spird breviusculd, conica, apice obtuso; anfractibus paucis, ultimo posticé tuberculato, tuberculis,parvis ; columellze pli- cis 4, validis, albis. Shell nearly oval, thickish, smooth, pale fulvous, with darker squarish spots disposed in rows, and sprinkled over with dots of the same colour; spire rather short, conical, with an obtuse apex ; volu- tions few, the last with small tubercles posteriorly ; columella with 4 distinct white folds. First described and figured by Swainson in his Zoological Hlus- trations, Ist series, pl. 161, from the only specimen hitherto known, which is imperfect. It is in the British Museum. We think it nearly related to Y. undulata, and that Swaimson has made the apex too acute in his figure. 15. Votura avtica (pl. xlvi. f. 9, 10, 11, 12.), So/.; Tank. Cat. App., p. 19. pl. i. Test& ovato-oblonga, crassiuscula, levi, carneolé, maculis lneo- lisque rufis varié picta, spiri conicd, apice obtuso, papillari; an- fractibus senis, 3 ad 4 primis papillam efformantibus, politis, uni- coloribus; ceteris coloribus variegatis, nonnunquam imermibus, plerumque tuberculis vel spimis brevibus armatis ; ultimo maximo, elongato; apertura elongaté, posticé acuminata, anticé lation ; co- lumelle plicis quatuor, validis. Shell ovate-oblong, rather thick, smooth, flesh coloured, variously marked with red spots and lines; spire conical; volutions 6, the 3 or 4 first, which form the obtuse papillary apex, are polished, and of one colour; the remainder are varied with other colours, some- times unarmed, frequently armed with tubercles or short spies ; the last very large, lengthened ; aperture lengthened, posteriorly acuminated, anteriorly wider; columella with four distimct folds. For a series of valuable observations on this and several other species of Volutes by W. J. Broderip, Esq., we refer to the second volume of the Zoological Journal ; and descriptions of seven varie- ties of this species by the same gentleman will be found in Part X. of the Proceedings of the Zoological Society. We have represented 199 four varieties, the first of which is in the British Museum and the remaining three in Mr. Cuming’s collection. It is proper to remark that Kaener has not given the true V. aulica, but has represented V. rutila under the name of aulica ! 16. Vorura putcura (pl. li. f. 61.), nobis; Tank. Cat. App. p. 28. pl. iv. f. 2. Testa oblongo-ovati, subfusiformi, leevi, nitida, pallidé earned, ni- veo-maculataé, maculisque castaneis parvis triseriatim irregulariter dispositis ornaté; spira subconicd, subacuminati, anfractibus 3 pri- mis papillam subacutam subgranosam efformantibus, ceteris 2-3 posticé adpressis, subangulatis, tuberculatis, tuberculis elongatis, posticé acutiusculis ; columella quadriplicata. Shell oblong-ovate, shghtly fusiform, smooth, shining, pale flesh- colour with white specks, and ornamented with small chesnut dots, ir- regularly disposed in three rows; spire subconical, subacuminated, the three first volutions forming the slightly acute, somewhat granose, pa- pullary apex, the remaining two or three posteriorly pressed together at the sutures, shghtly angular and tuberculated, the tubercles elon- gated and shghtly acute posteriorly ; columella with four folds. Vide Broderip, mm Zool. Journ., vol. 1. p. 32. Our figure is drawn from a specimen in Mr. Cuming’s collection. 17. Votuta prrerita (pl. hi. f. 62.), nodes. Testa obovata, ventricosiuscula, crasstuscula, pallescente, quin- quefasciata, fasctis posticé median et antic’ brunneo-puncticulatis, strigisque fuscis irregularibus ornatis; fascus duabus intermediis pallidioribus, strigis nonnullis lividis, cum strigis fuscis fasciarum alternarum continuis; anfractibus quinque, tribus primis papillam efformantibus, papillé levi, posticé subgranosd, ultimo maximo, ovali ; apertura elongata, lation, intus aurantiacd ; columella plicis 4, validis, labioque columellari aurantiacis. Shell obovate, rather ventricose, and thickish, of a pale colour with five bands, the posterior, middle, and anterior of which are dotted with brown and ornamented with irregular fuscous streaks, the two intermediate bands are paler, with livid streaks, which are continuous with the brown streaks of the alternating bands; volu- tions 5, of which the three first form the papillary apex, which is smooth, and slightly granose posteriorly; the last volution very large, oval ; aperture elongated, rather wide, orange coloured within ; columella with four distinct folds, orange coloured as well as the columella lip. A single specimen only is known, which is in Mr. Norris’s col- lection. I 200 18. Vonura RuTILA (pl. xlvi. f. 5, 6.), Brod.; Zool. Journ. vol. n. p. 30. tab. IIT. Test’ ovato-oblonga, crassiuscula, levi, albida rufescenteque va- na, maculis subtrigonis, confluentibus, croceo-rubris, pict&; spird breviuscul, sutur’ simplici, apice papillari, s subgranulato ; anfrac- tibus senis, ultimo maximo, vel inermi vel nonnunquam tuberculis elongatis armato, faschisque duabus latis, mterruptis, rutilis, ornato ; columellé quadriplicata, plici anticé validiort. Shell oblong-ovate, rather thick, smooth, varied with whitish and reddish, and amma with subtrig aac: confluent saffron-red spots; spire rather short, suture uninterrupted ; apex papillary, shghtly granose ; qalrinane 6, the last very large, sometimes armed with elongated ‘alnardies: and ornamented w ith two broad, inter- rupted, rusty red bands; columella with four folds, of which the anterior 1s the most prominent. First described and figured by Broderip in the Zoological Jour- nal, vol. n. and figured afterwards by Kiener under the name of aulica, which belongs to a very distinct species. We have repre- sented the smooth and the tuberculated varieties. 19. Votura maenirtoa (pl. lv. f.103.), Chemn. Test& ovato-oblong4, medio ventricosd, tenuiusculi, pallide fulva, fasciis latis tribus aurantio-castaneis, albo-fuscoque maculatis, cmcta; spiri subconoidea, apice papillari, anfractibus primis tribus papil- Jam obsoleté granulosam efformantibus, caeteris tribus medio ven- tricosis ; ultimo maximo ; ; apertura oblonga, magna, postice acumi- nata, medio latiori; columelle plicis quatuor validis, aurantiacis. Shell oblong-ovate, ventricose in the middle, rather thin, pale fulvous, with three broad orange-chesnut bands, marked with white and fuscous spots ; spire subconical, with a papillary apex, formed of the three first volutions, and very obsoletely granulose, the re- maining three volutions are ventricose, the last bemg extraordi- narily large; the aperture is oblong, very large, posteriorly acumi- nated, w ider in the middle ; columella with four distinct orange coloured folds. Found in some Australian estuaries. Mr. 8S. Stutchbury obtained several specimens with the animal alive in about twelve feet water in Rose Bay, Port Jackson. 20. Vorura nivosa (pl. h.. f. 68, 64.), Brod. Testd ovato-oblonga, crassiusculé, leevi, ciereo-carneolata, macu- lis parvis niveis adspers4, factisque tribus transversis fusco- lineatis, lineis longitudinalibus ; spird subconic4, obtusa, apice papillari gra- 201 noso, anfractibus senis, 2-3 ultimis posticé subangulatis, angulo obtuso, plus minusve tuberculato ; tuberculis plerumque parvis, non- nunquam validioribus : aperturd magni, oblongo-ovata, columelli crocea, quadriplicata. Shell oblong-ovate, thickish, smooth, greyish flesh colour, sprin- kled with small white specks, with 3 transverse bands, consisting of longitudinal fuscous lines ; spire subconical, obtuse, witha papillary granose apex ; volutions 6, the 2 or 3 last posteriorly subangular, the angle bemg obtuse, and more or less tuberculated, the tubercles generally small, sometimes very distinct and pointed ; aperture large, oblong-ovate ; ‘columells saffron-colour, with four folds. This species is never entirely free from tubercles, nor is it ever spinose. From Garden Island, Australia. 21. Vorura Norrist (pl. li. f. 65.), nobis. Testé ovata, suboblongé, ventricosi, coronata, cmereo-fulv4, ma- culis parvis niveis, aliisque fuscis adspersa, fasciisque duabus trans- versis fuscis, interruptis, hic ilhe lineis interruptis longitudinalibus notatis : spird brevi, apice papillari, granoso, anfractibus senis, ulti- mis duobus spinis brevibus, acutis, coronatis ; apertura magna, ob- longi, mtus fusca ; columell quadriplicata, plicis duabus anticis validioribus. Shell ovate, rather oblong, ventricose, coronated, greyish brown, sprinkled with small snow-white and brown specks, with two trans- verse brown interrupted bands, here and there marked with inter- rupted longitudinal lines ; spire short with a papillary granose apex ; volutions six, the last two crowned with short sharp spines ; aper- ture large, oblong, brown within; columella with four folds, of which the two anterior are prominent. Found on the reefs at low water on Dupuch’s Island by J. C. Dring, Esq., R. N. In Mr.Cuming’s collection ; Wagner has figured this species for /. nivosa. . Votuta VesPERTILIO (pl. xlvu. f. 15-23, pl. hi. f. 67.). Testa turbinata vel ovato-oblongé, crass, coronati, varic colorata, Ee pallida, vel carneola, maculis, strigisque angularibus fus- s, fulvis vel rufis ornaté; spird brevi, obtusa ; ; apice papillari, quasi Head gTanoso ; anifractibus seis, 2 ad 3 ultimis spimis crassis vel tuberculis plerumqne coronatis , nommunquam feré muticis ; aper- turd oblonga, posticé subsinuata, ‘acuminat!, labu externi margine postice subangulari, pone angulum acuto, anticé rotundato, crasso : plicis columellze quatuor validis. Shell turbimated or oblong-ovate, thick, coronated, variously co- 202 loured, frequently pale or flesh-coloured, ornamented with fuscous, fulvous, or dark red spots and angular streaks ; spire short, obtuse, with a papillary granose apex, having the appearance of being trun- cated, volutions 6, the 2 or 3 last generally crowned with thick spines or tubercles, sometimes almost unarmed ; ; aperture oblong, shghtly sinuated and acuminated posteriorly, margin of the outer lip pos- teriorly subangular, sharp behind the angle, anteriorly rounded, thick ; columella with 4 distinct folds. Referring to Zoological Journal, vol. nu. p. 31, where Broderip says, “ After a careful examination of a connecting series of speci- mens, I am unable to discover any satisfactory specific distinction either in /’. pellis-serpentis, nV. mitis, or in V.serpentina, Lam. ; nor do I think that any sufficient cause exists for removing them from the situation they formerly occupied as varieties of /. Vespertilio, Linn.,” we think we need merely add that our own opinion coincides entirely with his; we have therefore regarded them all as varieties of V. Vesper tilio, and in order to shew the variations of form to which this species is subject, we have given ten figures representing the principal varieties, thus our figures 15, 16, 21, 22, represent Lamark’s /. Vespertilio; our figures 17, 20, the V’. pellis-serpentis, Lam.; our figures 19, 23, light and dark coloured specimens of Lamarck’s /’. serpentina, and our figure 18 shews his /. mitis. 23. Votuta ancuLata (pl. xlvu. f. 13, 14.), Swains. ; V. Du- fresnu, Donovan, Nat. Rep., vol. u. pl. Ixvn. (1824.) Testi oblonga, fusiformi, epidermide vitred tecta, pallida, lineis irregularibus ingloisie longitudinaliter undat&é; spiri breviuscula, A UENIAtA apice acutinsculo, anfractibus 5 ad 6, duobus ultimis posticé angulatis, poné angulum planis, ulttmo maximo; apertura oblonga, posticé angulata, anticé effusd, pallidé aurantiacd; colu- mella triplicaté, anticé acuti, plicd posticd obsoletior. Shell oblong, fusiform, covered with a shining epidermis, of a pale colour, with irregular undulated longitudinal chesnut lines ; spire rather short, acuminated, with a rather acute apex ; volutions 5 to 6, the two last angular posteriorly, and flat behind the angle, the last very large; aperture oblong, posteriorly angular, anteriorly effuse, pale orange ‘coloured ; columella with three folds, the ante- rior of which is sharp, and the posterior rather obsolete. This was published many years since by Swainson under the name of angulata, but it has lately been republished by Wagner under the appellation of V. nasica : of course Swainson’s name has the right of priority, though the apex is sometimes extended in a manner so remarkable as fully to justify the latter name. ~ 205 24. Votura Frrussacti (pl. xlvi. f. 7.), Donovan; Nat. Rep., vol. n. pl. xvi. (1824.) rudis, Gray; in Griffith’s Cuvier, vol. xiii. pl. xxx. f. 1. (1834.) Testa ovata, crassiuscula, rudi, fuscescente ; spird brevi, subacu- minata; apice papillari ; anfractibus 44, ultimo longé maximo, ven- tricoso ; sutura indistincta, subdecurrente ; apertura magna, lata, posticé acuminati, labio externo tenuiusculo, interno incrassato ; columella quadriphicata, plicis, anticd validi, duabus intermediis me- diocribus, posticé subobsoleta. Shell ovate, rather thick, and rough, brownish; spire thick and short, somewhat acumimated ; apex papillary ; volutions 44, the last being by far the greatest, and ventricose ; suture indistinct, and somewhat decurrent ; aperture large, broad, acuminated posteriorly, outer lip rather thin ; inner lip thickened ; columella with four folds, of which the posterior is nearly obsolete, the two intermediate are moderate sized, and the anterior very distinct. Two specimens of this species, both in very bad condition, are in the British Museum. A third specimen is to be seen in the Rev. Mr. Crotch’s collection. 25. Vorura Anciixa (pl. liv. f. 101.), Sol., ASS. Testi oblonga, ventricostusculé, tenuiuscula, fulvescente, inter- dum flammulis castaneis pict, spiré conoidea, exsertiuscula, anfrac- tibus 5, subventricosis, ultimo maximo, obovato, suturd subplicata, apertura elongata, columella triplicata. Shell oblong, rather ventricose and thin, of a brownish yellow colour, sometimes with chesnut coloured irregular streaks; spire conical, rather prominent ; volutions 5, somewhat ventricose, the last very large, and obovate; suture slightly plaited; aperture elongated ; columella with three folds. There is little more than its more ventricose form to distinguish this species from V. Magellanica. Both species are abundant about the southern extremity of South America. The number of folds on the columella appears to vary from 3 to 5. 26. Votura suBnoposa (pl. xlvi. f. 24.), Leach ; Zool. Misc., vol. i. t. 8. Testa oblonga, ventricosa, tenuiuscula, fulvescente, flammulis cas- taneis varie picta, spird conoided, exsertiusculd, anfractibus 5, sub- ventricosis, primo levi, intermediis subnodosis, ultimo maximo, obo- vato ; sutura subplicata ; apertura elongata; columella triplicata. Perhaps this should be regarded as only a variety of Voluta An- cilla. It is also brought from the Straits of Magalhzens. 204 27. Votura Macetuantca (pl. hiv. f. 99.). Testi ovato-elongati, tenwi, leviusculd, fulvescente, flammulis ferrugineis angustis, longitudinalibus, undatis, picta; spira elongata, subpapillari, anfractibus 7, ultimis quatuor subventricosis ; ultimo magno ; apertura oblong’, posticé acuminata, anticé lation ; labio interno supra anfractum ultimum extenso ; ; columelli 2- ‘vel 3- plicata. Shell elongated oval, thin, nearly smooth, brownish yellow, with narrow undulated longitudinal ferrugimous streaks ; spire elongated, somewhat papillary, volutions 7, the four last rather ventricose, the last very large ; aperture oblong, acuminated posteriorly, and broad in front ; inner hp spread over "the last volution ; ; columella with two or three folds. Distinguished from V. Ancilla by its much more elongated shape ; the number of folds on the columella is variable as in that species ; they do not, however, appear to be so numerous in this. From the Straits of Magalheens. 28. Voruta Brasixiana (pl. liv. f. 98.), Sol., JZSS. Testa ovata, ventricosi, crassiusculé, glabrata, fulvescente, immaculaté; spira brevi, papillari, papilla angusté; anfractibus quinis, ultimo maximo, inflato, posticé subangulato, nodifero ; aper- tur’ lata; columellé biphcata. Shell ovate, ventricose, rather thick, nearly smooth, pale brownish yellow, without spots; spire short, papillary, papilla narrow ; volu- tions 5, the last very large, inflated, posteriorly subangular and tuberculated ; aperture wide ; columella with two folds. This appears to be a rare species; it is found on the coasts of Brazil; we have never seen it in good condition though we have occasionally met with the remains of an epidermis, which is very thin and deciduous, and of a dirty brown colour. 29. Voxura ruBERcULATA (pl. 1. f. 49, 50.), Cymbiola tuber- culata, Swains.; Exot. Conch., p. 19. pl. 29. Testi ovaté, crassi, leviusculé, brunneo-fulvescente, maculis, hneisque angulatim flexuosis, castanels, ornati; spiri acuminata, breviuscula ; apice papillari, papilla parva ; anfractibus Ds, ultimis duobus postice tuberculiferis, ultimo maximo; apertura magna, oblonga, posticé subacuminaté; lab exterm ms regime inérassato; labio mterno supra anfractum ultimum expanso, crassiusculo ; co- lumelle plicis 3 ad 5, subirregularibus. Shell ovate, thick, nearly aHiootht brownish yellow, with flexuous 205 angular lines and spots of a chesnut colour; spire acuminated, rather short, with a small papillary apex; volutions 54, the two last posteriorly tuberculated, the last very large; aperture large, oblong, somewhat acuminated posteriorly, outer lip with a thick- ened edge, inner lip rather thick, spread over the last volution ; columella with from three to five rather irregular folds. An extremely rare species, of which the finest specimen we have seen, from which our figure is taken, is in Mr. Norris’s col- celtion. Mr. Cuming and the British Museum also possess the species. 30. Vorura Bucxn (pl. liv. f. 104.), Brod.; Zool. Proc. 1836, p. 43. Test& ovato-fusiformi, tenui, leviusculd, fulvescente, lineis sub- angulatis, castaneis, Inscript’; transversim striata, striis minutis, subundulatis ; spira mediocri, anfractibus senis, ultimis quatuor posticé tuberculato-subplicatis, ultimo maximo, oblongo ; apertura ovato-elongata ; columella triplicata, plicis subirregularibus. Shell ovato-fusiform, thin, nearly smooth, brownish yellow, with chesnut-coloured, rather angular lines; transversely striated, the strize small, somewhat undulated; spire moderate, with six volu- tions, the four last of which are posteriorly tuberculato-subplicate ; the last very large, oblong; aperture of a lengthened oval; colu- mella with.three somewhat irregular folds. This volute, published in 1836 by Broderip under the name of Voluta Becki, has smce been figured by Kiener under the name of fusiformis, a name which had been given by Swainson to a very distinct species in the Bligh Catalogue, and to which species Kiener has given a new name ina most absurd manner. Voluta Beckii occasionally reaches twelve inches in length. 31. Vorura pactrica (pl. xlviii. f. 25, 26, 27.), Sol., WSS: ; Variety, V. elongata, Swacns. Testa oblongo-fusiformi, crassiuscula, levi, fulvescente, lineis irregularibus faschisque quatuor interruptis castancis notatd ; spird acuminata, papillari, papillé parva, anfractuum duorum composita ; anfractibus ceteris quinque ventricosiusculis, posticé plis minisve tuberculiferis, ultimo maximo, subventricoso ; aperturd elongata, posticé acuminata, anticé latiori; labio externo incrassato, paulu- lum reflexo, interno extenso, anticé laminam crassam efformante, columella 4- ad 6- plicata, plicis irregularibus, plerumque validis. Shell oblong-fusiform, thickish, smooth, yellowish brown, with irregular chesnut lmes, and four interrupted bands of the same co- 206 lour; spire acuminated, with a small papillary apex, consisting of two volutions ; the remaining five volutions rather ventricose, pos- teriorly more or less tuberculiferous, the last very large, somewhat ventricose ; aperture lengthened, posteriorly acuminated, anteriorly rather broad; outer lip thickened, slightly reflected, mer lip ex- tended, forming a rather thick lamina anteriorly; columella with from four to six irregular, mostly distinct folds. A variety of this species, more or less free from tubercles, has been described as a distinct species by Swainson, under the name of elongata, in is Exotic Conchology. Mr. Broderip has proved by a careful examimation of a number of specimens that it is only a variety, see Zool. Journ. vol. v. p. 332. 32. Votuta GRaciuis (pl. lv. f. 117, 118.), Swains., Journ. of Science, xvu. p. 32. Testa oblongo-fusiformi, crassiusculé, levi, fulvescente, lineis irre- gularibus, angulosis, castaneis, pict’ ; spira acuminata, apice papil- lari, anfractibus senis, 3 ad 4 intermedius tuberculato-costatis, ultimo subtuberculato-costato, nonnunquam levigato; labio externo mar- gine incrassato, columelle plicis quatuor validis. Shell oblong, fusiform, thickish, smooth, brownish yellow, with irregularly angular chesnut lines; spire acuminated, with a papil- lary apex; volutions 6, of which the 3 or 4 intermediate are longi- tudinally rivbed and posteriorly tuberculated, the last. sometimes smooth, sometimes having the same character as the mtermediate ones; edge of the outer lip thickened; columella with four distinct folds. First described by Swainson; notwithstanding the assertion in the second edition of his Exotic Conchology, we think it entitled to rank as a distinct species. Kuener refers to this species in his text as a variety of Magellanica, and in his plate as a young elongata. From New Zealand. 33. Votuta BULLATA (pl. li. f. 88.), Swacns. Test’ ovato-oblongaé, levi, tenuiusculd, fulvi, lneis angulatim undulatis maculisque castaneis notati; spira brevi, obtusa, apice papillari ; anfractibus 44, ultimo maximo ; labio externo posticé ver- stis spiram ascendente; columella anticé plicis duabus validis. Shell oblong-ovate, smooth, rather thin, with chesnut spots and angular undulated lines; spire short, obtuse, with a papillary apex ; volutions 44, the last very large; outer lip extending up toward the spire posteriorly ; columella with 2 distimct folds in front. An exceedingly rare species from Algoa Bay, South Africa. It 207 was first described and figured by Swainson in his Zoological Illus- trations, second series ; but has been omitted by Kiener with many others. We have only seen two specimens, the one from which our figure was drawn is in the British Museum. 34. Votuta Maina (pl. 1. £57, 58.), Gray. Testa ovato-oblong4, tenui, lutescente, apice mamillari, obtusis- simo, subspirali ; anfractibus duobus, ultimo magno, ovali, maculis lineisque castaneis picto ; apertura magn4, columella plicis tribus. Shell ovate-oblong, thin, brownish yellow, with a mammillary subspiral, very obtuse apex; volutions two, the last of which is large, oval, marked with chesnut coloured spots and zigzag lines ; aperture large; columella with three folds. From New Holland ; a single specimen is in the British Museum, which appears to be only a very young shell; it is a very remark- able species, forming the link that unites Cyma with Voluta, the apex in this species bemg subspiral, while in Cymba the apex 1s amorphous. 35. Voruta Fuierrrum (pl. xlviil. f. 33, 34.), nobis; Tank. Cat. App., p. 28. pl. iv., v.; Brod., Zool. Journ., vol. ii. p- 35. Testa oblonga, tenuiusculé, levissimé transversim striata, fulvo- carnea, strigis flammiferis, enormiter angulosis, castaneis, ornata : spira productiori, apice truncato-papilloso, anfractibus senis, ultimis tribus gibbis, ultimo ventricoso, posticé subangulari; apertura ob- longa, posticé acutiuscula ; labio columellari tenui, supra anfractum ultimum extenso ; columella triplicata. Shell oblong, rather thin, very finely transversely striated, yel- lowish flesh coloured, with very angular, flame-like, chesnut streaks : spire rather prominent, with a truneate-papillary apex, volutions 6, the three last gibbous, the last ventricose, and posteriorly suban- gular; aperture oblong, posteriorly rather acute; columella lip thin, spread over the last volution; columella with three folds. Several varieties of this rare species are now to be seen in col- lections, we have represented two; and a third which is in the British Museum has two rows of chesnut spots on the last volution. 36. Vota PaPiLiosa (pl. xlviii. f. 30.), Swacns., in Appen- dix to Bligh Catalogue. Testa oblongo-ovali, crassa, levi, pallidd, lineis fulvis subtilis- simé reticulati, fasciisque castaneo-fulvis, transversis, interruptis, ornaté ; spira brevi, subacuminatd, apice papillari, papill4 crassa, anfractuum duorum composité ; anfractibus ceteris tribus coloratis, K 208 ultimo magno, ovali; apertura oblonga, posticé acuminata, labu externl margine incrassato ; mterni crasso, extenso ; columellé ante mediam subgibba, 3- ad 5- plicata. : Shell oblong- oval, thick, smooth, reticulated with very fine ful- vous lines, and with interrupted transverse chesnut yellow bands, spire short, rather acumimated, with a thick papillary apex of two volutions, the three remaiming volutions coloured, the last large and oval; aperture oblong, posteriorly acuminated, outer hp with the margin thickened, imer hip thick, spread ; columella anteriorly gibbous, with from 3 to 5 folds. From the Fijee Islands : a remarkable species of extreme rarity. 37. Voiura rustrormis (pl. liv. f. 100.), Swazus., in Appen- dix to Buigh Catalogue. Testé oblongo-fusiformi, crassiuscula, levi, fulvé vel carneo-fulva, maculis Imeisque angularibus castaneis ornat&i; spira acuminata, subelongatd ; apice papillari, papilla anfractuum duorum parva ; anfractibus ceteris quinque subgibbis, ultimo paululion ventricoso, antice subcoarctato; apertwré magna, posticé subacuminata, me- diané lata ; labio columellari Jcanmmly expansa, collumella anticeé acuti, plicis 3 ad 4 parvis, peroblquis, anticé majori. Shell oblong, fusiform, thickish, smooth, fulvous or somewhat flesh-coloured, with chesnut spots and angular lines; spire acumi- nated, rather ‘elongated, with a small papillary apex of two volu- tions, the five remaining volutions rather gibbous, the last shghtly ventricose, and contracted anteriorly ; aperture large, posteriorly subacuminate, broad in the middle, columellar lip rather thin, spread; columella anteriorly sharp, with from three to four small very oblique folds, the anterior of which is the largest. Probably from the Pacific Ocean; first described by Swainson in the Bligh Catalogue. 38. VoLuTa mEGASPIRA (pl. xlvui. f. 31, 32.), nobis. Testa fusiformi, turrité, tenuiuscula, levi, rufescente- carneolata, strigis maculisque castaneis, notata; spire ‘anfractibus semis, sub- elongatis , medio ventricosiusculis, primis duobus apicem papillarem éfformantibus, 3tio, 4to, 5to et Gto obtuse longitudinaliter costatis, ulttmo magno, oblongo, anticé attenuato, apertura oblonga, labio externo subreflexo ; columella quinqueplicata, plicis posticis obtusis parvis. Shell fusiform, turreted, rather thin, smooth, of a reddish flesh colour, marked with chesnut streaks and blotches ; volutions of the spire six, rather elongated, rather ventricose in the middle, the two 209 first forming the papillary apex, the 3rd, 4th, 5th, and 6th, with obtuse longitudinal ribs, the last large, oblong, attenuated ante- niorly ; aperture oblong, outer lip slightly reflected ; columella with five folds, the posterior of which are small and obtuse. I have only seen a single specimen which is in Mr. Cuming’s extraordinary collection; it is probably the same as Kiener’s /. /yriformis, but it is not the same as Broderip’s, which is identical with Swainson’s Mitra lyriformis. Its papillary apex closely re- sembles that of V. fulminata. 39. Votuta rutminata (pl. 1. f. 51, 52, 53.). Test oblonga, fusiformi, tenuiusculd, plerumque transversim im- presso-striata, carneo-fulvescente, lineis longitudinalibus castaneis flexuosis picti; spird acuminata, apice papillari, levi, anfractuum duorum composito; anfractibus ceteris quatuor longitudinaliter costato-subtuberculatis ; ultimo posticé obtusé angulato, subtuber- culato, anticé coarctato, acuminato, densd transversim costato : apertura elongata, labio externo, subeffuso, subincrassato, antice margine subdenticulato ; columella anticé acuta, 6- ad 10- plicata, plicis vartis. Shell oblong, fusiform, rather thin, generally with transverse impressed striz, yellowish flesh coloured, with flexuous, longitudinal chesnut lies; spire acuminated, with a smooth papillary apex of two volutions, the four remaining volutions longitudinally ribbed, and tuberculated, the last posteriorly obtusely angular, subtuber- culated, anteriorly contracted and acuminated, closely transversely ribbed; aperture elongated ; outer lip somewhat effuse and thick- ened, with the anterior edge slightly toothed ; columella sharp an- teriorly, with 6-10 variously prominent folds. We have represented three varieties of this not uncommon spe- cies ; of these fig. 62 shows the ordinary character. 40. VoLutta pupia (pl. lv. f. 115.), Brod.; Zool. Journ., volt. p. 8... pli. f. 1. Testa fusiformi, longitudinalitér subcostatd, transversim striata, flavicante, maculis fulvis subquadratis, fasciatim digestis, ornaté ; spiré brevi ; apice acuto-papillari; anfractibus 4, primo leviusculo, papillam efformante, secundo tertioque brevibus, ultimo clongato, subventricoso, apertura oblonga, posticé acuminaté, anticd subat- tenuata, mtegra; columelle plicis duabus obsoletiusculis. Shell fusiform, slightly ribbed longitudinally, transversely striated, yellowish, with somewhat square fulvous spots arranged in bands ; spire short, with an acute papillary apex; volutions 4, the first 210 nearly smooth forming the papilla, the 2nd and 38rd short, the last lengthened, somewhat ventricose ; aperture oblong , posteriorly acu- inated: narrower anteriorly, enitine ; éolumiallay with two nearly obsolete folds. This very singular species approaches nearest to V. fulminata, its locality is aaron ; 1t was lent to me many years since by M. Roussel, and we have not a single specimen in England. 41. Votuta Vexitium (pl. 1. f. 54, 55, 56.). Testa ovata, subfusiformi, crassi, levi, nitente, albida, fascis seu teentis aurantio-rubris plis minisve numerosis cincti; spird subconica, apice muricato-papillari, anfractuum 2 ad 23 composito ; anfractibus 4 ceeteris obsoletissime tuberculiferis, ultimo postice tuberculis subcompressis remotiusculis coronato, columella plicis 6 ad 8, tribus posticis minimis, anticis 2 ad 3 plerumque crassis. Shell ovate, subfusiform, thick, smooth, shiming, whitish, with more or less numerous orange red narrow bands or fillets ; spire somewhat conical, with a small poimted papillary apex, of from 2 to 24 volutions ; the four remaining volutions very obsoletely tuber- culated, the last posteriorly crowned with rather remote and com- pr essed tubercles ; ; columella with from six to eight folds, of which the three posterior are very small, and the two or three anterior generally thick. This 1s commonly called the Orange Flag, we have given two varieties, of which the more slender has been distinguished as a species by some French collectors. 42. Votura rnpica (pl. li. f. 68, 69,70.), 20d.; V. Lapponica auctm. Testa ovata, subfusiformi, crassiuscula, leevigaté, pallid’, maculis punctis lineolisque castaneis varie picti; spira subacuminata, apice papillari anfractuum 2 ad 24 sistente ; anfractibus tertio quartoque longitudinaliter costatis, quinto subcostato, sexto subventricoso, an. ultimo magno, well, anticé transversim obsolete striato ; aper- turd longiusculd, postice acuta, antice latiuscula; labio extarno inttis subinerassato, postice subdecurrente, columella 6-ad 8- plicata, plicis anticis maxime majoribus, posticis parvis. Shell ovate, subfusiform, thickish, smooth, of a pale brownish flesh colour, variously marked with chesnut spots, dots, and lines ; spire subacuminated, with a small papillary apex of 2 or 24 volu- tions, the 3rd and 4th volutions longitudinally mbbed, 5th slightly ribbed, 6th rather ventricose, smooth, last large, oval, and obso- letely transversely striated anteriorly ; ; aperture rather long, acute 2a posteriorly, and rather broad in front; outer lip rather thickened within, running slightly towards the spire posteriorly ; columella with from six to eight folds, of which the anterior are much the larger, and the posterior are small. This shell has been named Lapponica by Linné, who has evi- dently been misled by Rumphius to suppose it an inhabitant of the North American seas; it 1s, however, really found in the Hast Indian Ocean, wherefore we have altered its name to Indica. 43. VoLUTA HEBR#A (pl. liv. f. 95, 96, 97.). Testa ovato-turbinati, crassi, pallidé fulva, lineis castaneis undatis veniformibus, confertim fasciatis, nterruptis, cincta, spird conica, plis minisve producta, apice papillari, parvo, anfractuum 2 ad 25 com- posito, anfractibus ceteris 3 ad 6 vel 7 tuberculatis, tuberculis plis minusve acutis, ultimo posticé tuberculis acutis, majusculis, muri- cato, plicis columelle quinque anticis majoribus, nonnullis posticis minimis. Shell ovato-turbinate, thick, of a pale fulvous colour, with inter- rupted close set bands of chesnut coloured undulated vein-like lines ; spire conical, more or less produced, with a small papillary apex of of 2 to 22 volutions, the remaining 3 to 6 or 7 volutions with more or less acute tubercles, the last with rather large acute tubercles posteriorly ; columella with 5 rather large folds in front, and a few very small posteriorly. We have represented three varieties of this species; f. 95 shews the variety with the more produced spire, from a specimen in Mr. Norris’s collection ; f. 96, the variety with a short spire, from Mr. Cuming’s collection ; and f. 97, the variety without tubercles, from Miss Saul’s collection. 44, Votura musica (pl. xhx. f. 36-43.). Testa ovato-turbiaté, nonnunquam oblonga, crassa, levi, ple- rumque palhdé, nonnunquam fulva, aurantiaci, carneolata, seu sub- fusca, castaneo vel aliis coloribus varié maculata, fasciis tribus trans- versis, plis minusve distinctis, lineis transversis fuscis, parallelis compositis ; alisque duabus punctis compositis, ad margines inter- medios maculis mgris majoribus ornata ; spird brevinsculd, conica, nonnunquam productiori, apice papillari, papilla parva, subrudi, anfractibus tribus efformataé; anfractibus ceteris 3 ad 4 tuberculis magnis oblongis instructis, ultimo anticé postic equ stris transversis subrugoso ; columellee plicis 9 ad 12, anticis 5 ad 6 majoribus. Shell ov ate, turbimated, sometimes ‘oblong, thick, smooth, gene- rally of a pale colour, or brownish, variously spotted with chesnut 212 and other colours, with 3 transverse, more or less distinct bands, composed of transverse, parallel, fuscous lines, together with 2 other dotted lines, marked m the mtermediate edges. with large black spots ; spire rather short, conical, sometimes rather prominent, with a small mis-shapen papillary ¢ apex of 3 volutions, the remaining 3 or 4 volutions furnished with large oblong tubercles ; the last both anteriorly and posteriorly roughened with transverse strie ; colu- mella with from 9 to 12 folds, of which the 5 or 6 anterior are the larger. This is another of the species that varies so excessively both in form and colours, that it is not surprising that Lamarck, who had but comparatively shght opportunities, should have distinguished its varieties specifically ; we have carefully examined a great series of them, from which we are satisfied that Lamarck’s ’. Thiarella, Ve eae V. quinaica, V. levigata, and probably his /. noe Josa, are merely varieties of V. musica. We have represented each of the principal varieties. 45. Votura sutcata (pl. ln. f.17.), Lam. Testa oblongo-ovata, crassi, subrugosa, pallidé fulva, longitudi- nalitér costata, costis obtusis ; transversim suleati; spira brevius- cul, obtusa, anfractibus tribus primis papillam efformantibus, ultimo fasctis subfuscis duabus lineisque parallelis castaneis, seriebus tribus macularum castanearum instructis ; columella plicis 10 ad 11. Shell oblong-ovate, thick, rather rugose, pale fulvous, with obtuse longitudinal Tipe. and transversely ¢ eVOOV als spire mee short, ob- tnse, with a papillary apex formed of the 8 first volutions ; fhe last volution with 2 subfuscous bands, with several parallel chesnut les; and three rows of chesnut spots; columella with 10 or 11 folds. This species closely resembles several of the varieties of musica ; it shows moreover the same general system of coloration. We have ventured to consider it distinct, on account of its transverse grooves from one end of the last volution to the other. 46. VotutTa PoLyzonats (pl. lu. f. 77, 78.), Lam. Testd subconica, turbinata, subcrassa, transversim sulcati, cmereo- virescente, castaneo-punctulati, tenis transversis plurimis palles- centibus sparsim fusco-guttatis ; spira brevi, comicd, anfractibus duobus primis papillam parvam ‘efformantibus, ceteris 5 submuri- cato-tuberculatis ; ultimo posticé angulato, tuberculis acutis coro- nato; apertur’ oblonga, supepmaee ; “utrdique extremitate subangu- lari; ‘abio externo iner rassato, maculato, posticé tenui ; columella 12. ad 14- plicata, plicis variis, anticis plerumque majoribus. 213 Shell subconical, turbinated, thickish, transversely grooved, greenish ash-colour, with small chesnut dots, and many pale trans- verse fillets sprinkled with fuscous specks; spire short, conical, with a papillary apex of 2 volutions, the remaining 5 volutions with pointed tubercles, and the last volution crowned with sharp tuber- cles; aperture oblong, rather oblique, sowewhat angular at both ends; outer hp thickened, spotted, thin at the posterior edge ; colu- mella with from 12 to 14 variable folds, the anterior being generally the larger. Easily distinguished from all the varieties of musica. Lamarck’s V. fulva is merely a worn variety of this species, and we think his V. chlorosina will prove to be nothing more. We have represented two varieties; f. 77, from Mr. Norris’s collection, and f. 78, from Miss Saul’s. 47. Vowuta pusio (pl. lv. f.119.), Swains. Testé ovato-turbinata, crassa, leevigata, fulvescente, fasciis pallidis, punctisque fulvis seriatim dispositis cincti ; spird brevi, apice acuto ; anfractibus 6, ultimo leviter costato, posticé obtuse nodoso; labio externo subexpanso; columella subincrassati, multiplicata, plicis nonnullis validis, als intermedius posticisque parvis. Shell ovate-turbinated, thick, smooth, pale fulvous, with darker coloured bands and spots arranged in rows, spire short, with an acute apex ; volutions 6, the last shghtly mbbed and obtusely tuber- culated posteriorly ; outer lp somewhat spread; columella rather thickened, with many folds, some of which are distinct, and others, which are intermediate and posterior, are small. Perhaps this ought to be merely regarded as a variety of Voluta polyzonalis, from which it differs prmcipally in its proportions ; being wider and having a shorter spire. We are not acquainted with its locality. The specimen is im the British Museum. 48. Votura Cuminen (pl. lv. f. 105, 106, 107.), Broderip ; Zool. Proc., 1832, p. 33. Testa ovato-pyramidah, crassi, albida, ceeruleo-castaneo nebulosi, suturas versus nigro-castaneo vittata, spird subelongata, apice acuto ; anfractibus tuberculatis, ultimo subcostato, costis tumidis, fascidque subcentrali pallida, laté cincto; labro tumido, subcontracto, sub- reflexo, acuto, varice interno obliquo submedio; columella 5 ad 6 plicata, plicis tribus anticis majoribus, ceteris indistinctis. Shell ovate-pyramidal, thick, whitish, clouded with blueish ches- nut,and banded near the suture with blackish chesnut ; spire some- what elongated, with an acute apex ; volutions tuberculated, the last 214 partly ribbed, with tumid ribs, and a broad, pale coloured, nearly central band; lip tumid, somewhat contracted and reflected, with an internal, oblique, nearly central varix ; columella with 5 or 6 folds, of which the three anterior are large, and the remainder in- distinct. First brought by Mr. Cuming from the Gulf of Fonseca, in the Province of San Salvador, Central America. We have represented three varieties, two from Mr. Cuming’s collection, and one from Mr. Norris’s. 49. Votura Guitprnett (pl. lv. f.110, 111.), nodis. Testa oblonga, crassa, fulvescente, hneolis saturatioribus alisque albis pict’, spird acuminata, apice obtuso, anfractibus 5 ad 6, sub- ventricosis, longitudinaliter costatis, interstitius costarum transver: sim striatis, ultrmo magno, levigatiusculo ; apertura mediocri, labio externo exttis incrassato, albicante, mttis dente parvo instructo ; columelle. plicis quinque ad sex parvis, anticis duabus validioribus. Shell oblong, thick, fulvous, marked with httle white hnes, and others of a darker colour, spire acuminated, with an obtuse apex ; volutions 5 to 6, rather ventricose, longitudinally ribbed, interstices of the ribs mah transverse strie, the last volution large, rather smooth ; aperture middle-sized, outer lip externally thickened, whitish, furnished with a small tooth internally ; columella with 5 or 6 folds, of which the two anterior are more prominent. This is the smallest known species of Volute ; it was discovered at St. Vincent’s, by the late Rev. Lansdowne Guilding. In Mr. Cuming’s and Mr. “Metcalfe’s collections. 50. Votura Cytientrormis (pl. lv. f. 112.118.) nodzs. Testi parva, ovat, crassi, leviuscula, albicante, maculis parvis flavicantibus sparsim ornati; spiré subcomicd, anfractibus senis, postice coarctatis, ad suturam granosis, anticé longitudimaliter cos- tatis, ultimo magno, anticé transversim striato, canali parvo, sub- reflexo ; apertura oblonga, labio externo extts incrassato, margine interno intis dente parvo instructo, labio columellari anticé rugu- loso, dentibus tribus parvulis munito. Shell small, ovate, thick, rather smooth, whitish, sprmkled with small yellow ish specks, spire somewhat conical, with 6 volutions, which are contracted posteriorly, granose at the sutures, and longi- tudinally ribbed anteriorly, the last volution is large, and anteriorly transversely striated ; canal small, slightly reflected ; aperture ob- long, outer lip externally thickened, its internal edge furnished with 215 asmall tooth, columellar ip rugulose, anteriorly furnished with three small teeth. The only specimen of this curious little shell we have seen is in the collection of W. Metcalfe, Esq., who has obligingly permitted us to describe and figure it. In general appearance it nearly resembles a Cyllene. 51. Vorura Harpa (pl. lv. f.114.), Barnes; Annals of the Lyceum of Nat. Hist. of New York, vol. i. p. 139. pl. ix. f. 4. Testa ovali, crassa, leviusculd, albido-carneolé, maculis punc- tisque castaneis seriatim transverse picta, spird breviusculd, acumi- nata, apice acuto; anfractibus novem, brevibus, ultimis 4 longitu- dinalitér costellatis, ulttmo autem obsoleté transversim striato ; labio externo extis varice instructo, tis undentato, margine tenui, pos- ticé decurrente ; columella plicis tribus anticé instructa, aliisque duabus vel tribus inconspicuis. Shell oval, thick, rather smooth, pale flesh colour, with chesnut spots and dots in transverse rows; spire rather short, acuminated, with an acute apex; volutions 9, short, the last four with small longitudinal ‘ribs, and the last having also obsolete transverse strize ; outer lip with an external varix, and a single tooth within, its edge thin and posteriorly decurrent ; columella with three distinct folds anteriorly, and 2 or 3 indistinct behind. From the coast of Peru; in Mr. Cuming’s and other collections. 52. Vonura costata (pl. li. f. 71, 72.), Swains., Journal of Science, vol. xvi. 1824, p. 33; V. lyrata, Sowerby, Tankerville, Cat. no. 2140; V. Anna, Lesson. Testa ovato-oblongé, tenuiuscula, nitida, albidd, maculis lineisyue interruptis aurantiacis transversim fasciaté ; spird brevi, obtusa, an- fractibus 5 ad 6, duobus primis papillam mediocrem efformantibus, ceteris longitudinaliter costatis, costis subdistantibus, posticé mu- cronatis, anfractu ultimo anticé transversim costellato ; labio externo exttis varicem instructo, margine ten; columella plicis tribus, anticis majoribus, plurimis posticis minimis distincta. Shell oblong-ovate, rather thin, shining, whitish, transversely banded with orange coloured spots and mterrupted lines; spire short, obtuse, with a moderate sized papillary apex of 2 volutions, the remaining volutions with somewhat distant longitudinal ribs, each rib bemg posteriorly mucronated, with a rather flat space be- tween the ends of the ribs and the suture ; last volution transversely striated in front; outer hp furnished with an external varix, and L 216 a thin edge; columella with three large anterior, and many very small posterior, folds. This species has long been known in this country under the name of /’. dyrata, of Humphrey. It is Harpula Harpa, of Swain- son, Exot. Conch.; and Lesson has published it m his Llustr. Zoologiques, under the name of /. Anna. It is not the V. mitri- JSormis of Lamarck. 538, Vorura Detessertiana (pl. ln. f. 73, 74.), Petit; Mag. de Zool., 1842, pl. lv. Testé oblong’, subfusiformi, crasstusculi, longitudinaliter mul- ticostatd, carnicolore, aurantiaco-sphacelata et fasciata, castaneoque lineata ; ‘anfractibus duobus primis papillam parvam levigatam effor- mantibus, ceteris quinque subventricosis, longitudinaliter costatis, costis crebris, flexuosis, interstitiis costarum transversim striatis ; suturis crenatis ; anfractu ultimo magno: apertura oblong’, mtus alba, margine castaneo-punctato ; labio externo extus varicem in- structo, labio columellari subexpanso, plicis anticis tribus validis, posticis plurmnis filiformibus. Shell oblong, subfusiform, thickish, longitudinally many-ribbed, flesh colour, with orange coloured blotches and bands and chesnut lines; the two first volutions form the small papillary smooth apex, the remaining five are subventricose, and longitudinally ribbed, ribs close set, flexuous, transversely striated in the interstices ; sutures crenated ; last volution large; aperture oblong, white within, the margin spotted with chesnut; outer lip furnished with an external varix ; inner lip rather spread ; columella with 3 distinct folds ante- riorly, and many thread-like folds posteriorly. From Nosse-Bé, on the north coast of Madagascar ; Petit. This species has been named by M. Petit im honour of M. Delessert. 54. Voruta Mrrrtrorsts (pl. In. f. 81, 825 pl. lv. f. 109.), Lam. ; V. multicostata, Brod. ; Zool. Journ. ie m. pl. im. f. 2. Testi oblong’, subfusiformi, crasstusculi, pallescente, maculis castanels varils subfasciatd ; ; spird subacuminata, apice papillari, papilla mimuta ; anfractibus cieteris 5 longitudinaliter crebré cos- tatis, transverse castaneo-lineatis ; ultimo anfractu anticé transver- stm costato-subrugoso ; apertura oblong’, labio externo extus vari- cem instructo; columell’ multrplicata, plicis anticis majoribus sub- ternis. Shell oblong, subfusiform, thickish, pale, somewhat banded with various chesnut spots; spire subacuminate, with a small papillary apex, the remaining five volutions longitudinally closely mbbed, with 217 transverse chesnut lines, the last volution anteriorly transversely ‘somewhat rugose, with small ribs; aperture oblong, outer lip fur- nished with an external varix ; columella with many folds, of which the two or three anterior are much the larger. From the Australian and Javan seas, according to Lamarck. Broderip’s V. multicostata is undoubtedly identical with this species, as he seems to have suspected it might be: it varies greatly in colouring. 55. VOLUTA LYRMFORMIS (pl. xlix. f. 45, 46.), Brod. ; Zool. Journ. vol. mi. p. 83. pl. m. f.3; Mitra lyreformis, Swains. ; Zool. Illus. t. 54. Testa fusiformi-turrité, crassiusculd, pallidé carneolé, maculis hneisque subceruleis, castaneis, rubro-castaneisque, fasciatim con- gestis, transversis, picta ; spira valdé producta, attenuata, apice acuto- papillari; anfractibus 7, primis 1 ad 14 papillam efformantibus, ceteris longitudinalitér costatis (costis interstitiisque longitudinaliter striatis,) ultimo anticé transversim sulcato-corrugato ; apertura sub- elongata, posticé acuminata: labio externo extis varicem instructo ; columell’ multiplicata, plicis anticis majoribus, ceeteris parvis. Shell fusiform-turreted, thickish, pale flesh colour, with blueish, chesnut, and chesnut-red spots and transverse lines, arranged in bands; spire much produced, attenuated, with an acute papillary apex of | to 1} volutions, the remaining 5 or 54 volutions longi- tudinally ribbed, (mbs and interstices longitudinally striated); the last volution anteriorly transversely grooved, rugose ; aperture some- what elongated, acuminated posteriorly, outer lip with an external varix ; columella with many folds, of which the anterior are large, and the remainder very small. First published by Swainson under the name of Mitra lyreeformis, afterwards, at Ins suggestion, altered to Voluta lyreeformis by Mr. Brodenip. From the Eastern coast of Africa. Kiener pretends to have been acquainted with this species, but his figures represent a totally different one, not even nearly related to it. 56. Votura concrnna (pl. i. £.66.) Brod. ; Zool. Proc., 1836, p- 43. Testa oblonga, fusiformi, tenuiuscula, levi, transversim subtilis- simé striatd, costata, fulvescente, lineis castaneis confertis undulatis picta; spiraé subacuminata, anfractibus 6-7, longitudinaliter cos- tatis, medio subnodosis, ultimo maximo, anticé acuminato ; aper- tura magna, angustiore; labio externo tenw; columelle plicis 4, obsoletiusculis. 218 Shell oblong, fusiform, rather thin, smooth, transversely and very finely striated, longitudinally ribbed, yellowish brown with close-sef’ undulated chesnut lmes, spire subacuminate ; volutions 6-7, longi- tudinally ribbed, subtuberculated in the middle ; the last very large, acuminated anteriorly ; aperture large and narrow, outer lip thin ; columella with 4 rather obsolete folds. A single specimen of this remarkable Volute was brought to England by M. Marguier ; it is now in the British Museum. ‘There is some resemblance between this and V. lyreeformis, Kiener. 57. Votuta Nuctevs (pl. lv. f. 116.), Lam. Testa ovata, crassiuscula, fulva, vel fulvescente, maculis seu punc- tis castaneis albidisque transverse seriatim dispositis notaté; spira breviusculd, conic’ acuminaté; anfractibus 6 ad 7, duobus primis minimis, levibus, ceteris longitudmaliter costatis, ultimo anticé transversim striato ; apertura ovali, posticé subacuminata, columella plicis duabus anticis majoribus, tertié parva, nonnullis obsoletis. Shell ovate, thickish, fulvous or fulvescent, with chesnut and whitish spots or dots arranged in transverse rows ; spire rather short, conical, acuminated, volutions 6 to 7, the two first very small and smooth, the remainder longitudinally ribbed, the last transversely striated anteriorly ; aperture oval, subacuminated posteriorly ; colu- mella with two distinct anterior folds, a third quite small, and several others nearly obsolete. From Australia. Schubert and Wagner have given it under the name of V. Perdicina. This species has much the appearance of a little Harpa ; it may nevertheless be very easily distinguished from the fossil /. Harpula, which is much more elongated, and which has numerous small folds on the posterior part of the columella. 58. Votuta Festiva (pl. ln. f. 79, 80.), Lam. Testa ovato-fusiformi, crasstusculd, subventricosi, longitudina- litér costata, glaberrima, carneolaté, maculis lneolis verticalibus, guttisque fulvis subseriatim ornati; spira subelongata, anfracti- bus 63, primis 11 papillam efformantibus, ceteris 4 ad 5 costis obtusis longitudinalibus instructis, costis prope suturam obsoletis ; anfractu ultimo anticé subacuminato, transversim striato; colu- mella anticé triplicata, plicis perobliquis. Shell ovate-fusiform, thickish, somewhat ventricose, longitudi- nally ribbed, very smooth, with fulvous spots, vertical lmes, and dots, arranged in rows ; spire somewhat elong mated with a papillary apex of 14 volutions, the remaining four or five volutions with ob- tuse longitudinal ribs, which are nearly obsolete at the suture ; last 219 volution anteriorly subacuminate, and transversely striated ; colu- mella with 3 very oblique folds in front. The above description has been drawn up from a drawing which we caused to be made many years past, at the Jardin des Plantes, at Paris ; we have never seen any other specimen. The drawing is now obligingly communicated to us by W. J. Broderip, Esq. Fig. Jes) 13, 14. 15-23. 24. 25. 26, 27. 28, 29. 30. 31, 32. COM oR OW WO eH VOLUTA. LIST OF PLATES XLVI. ro LV. Piate XLVI. . Vol. Scapha, var. parva, Sp. 6. . — Scapha, var. tuberculata, 6. — volvacea, 7, . — volvacea, var. spinosa, 7. — rutila, var. tuberculata, 18. . — rutila, 18. . — Ferussacii, 24. . — marmorata, 1. . — aulica, 15. . — aulica, var. spinosa, 15. . — aulica, 15. . — aulica, var. tuberculata, 15. Puate XLVI. — angulata, 23. — Vespertilio & varieties, 22. — subnodosa, 26. Piate XLVIII. — pacifica, var. inermis, 31. — pacifica, 31. — undulata, 9. — papillosa. 36. — megaspira, 38. Fig. 33, 34 35. 36. 37. 38. 39. 40-43, 4A. 45, 46. 47, 48. 49, 50. 51 52 53 54, 55 56 57, 58 . Vol. Fulgetrum, Sp. 35. — Scapha, 6. PuatE XLIX. — musica, var., 44; (V.leevigata, Lam.) — musica, var., 44 ; (V.carneolata, Zam.) — musica, var., 44; (V. guinaica, Lam.) — musica, var., 44; (V. thiarella, Zam.) — musica and varieties, 44. — Junonia, 13. — lyriformis, 55. — reticulata, 12. PuateE L. — tuberculata, 29. . — fulminata, var., 39. . — fulminata, 39. . — fulminata, var., 39. . — Vexillum, 41. . — Vexillun, var., 41. . — Mamilla, 34. Prats LI. Fig. 59. Vol. luteostoma, Sp. 4. 60. 68-69. (BES Tiree 73, 74. 75. 76. 77. thse 79, 80. 81, 82. 83. 84. 85, 86. 87. 88. — volvacea, var., 7. . — pulchra, 16. . — piperita, 17. . — nivosa,var. tuberculata, 20. nivosa, 20. Norris, 21. concinna, 56. Vespertilio,var. sinistra, 22. indica, 42. indica, var. tuberculata, 4:2. Puate LIT. costata, 52. Delessertiana, 53. Cymbiola, 2. Cymbiola, var., 2. polyzonalis, 46. polyzonalis, var., 46. festiva, 58. Mitriformis, 54. Pratt LITI. Zebra, 8. Zebra, var., 8. maculata, 10. suleata, 45. bullata, 33. 105, 106 107 108 109 LOS as 112, 113. 114. 115. 116 1S as: 119 120; 121 . Vol. punctata, Sp. 14. . — pallida, 11. . — pallida, var., 11. Prats LIV. . — hebreea, var., 43. . — hebrea, 43. . — hebrea, var., 43. . — Brasiliana, 28. . — Magellanica, 27. . — fusiformis, 37. . — Ancilla, 25. . — imperialis, 5. . — magnifica, 19. 4. — Beckii, 30. Prats LV. . — Cumingi, 48. . — Cuming, var., 48. . — Nucleus, 57. . — Mitriformis, var., 54. — Guidingi, 49. — Cylleniformis, 50. — Harpa, 51. — dubia, 40. . — Nucleus, 57. — gracilis, 32. . — Pusio, 47. . — Corona, 3. RO Printed by Reeve, Brothers, King William Street, Strand. XLVI IBS. Junl FF ALVIZ HAL, ALA, : S (MAA on, = re — nak. diam 3 ie ns Nae eh. ints o age [ i Vw rd ni i Fi ‘ i Mal, Aim 7 oe ¥, Fag Oe Tin gah aa] aba Pas “Mam 70 oon ide JOg 221 A MONOGRAPH OF THE GENUS TELLINA. By SYLVANUS HANLEY, B.A., F.L.S., Ere. Char. Gen. Testa bivalvis, cujus latus posticum aut plicatura irregulari radiante tumescit, aut cardo ejus dentem dentesve duos laterales ostendit ; dentes primarti duo, vel in utraque, vel i alter valvula ; margo ventralis nunquam crenatus ; pallii cicatrix maximé sinuata; nymphee haud prominentes. Ligamentum externum. There are few genera whose definition is more difficult than that of Tellina. The typical species with a strong fold or umbonal ndge and two distinct lateral teeth, cannot indeed be confounded with the shells of any other genus; but the whole of the aberrant divi- sion, in which the fold is oftentimes nearly obsolete and the hinge always devoid of lateral teeth, require the strictest examination, so closely do they approximate to Sanguinolaria and Psammobia. Lamarck himself has included several species of this division in Psammobia and Psammotea (the latter genus abolished by the unanimous agreement of all conchologists) ; but the authority of Deshayes gives weight to my own opinion, of the necessity of their annexation to Tellina. The externally projecting nymphal callo- sities which support the prominent ligament, characters which are universal throughout Psammobia, are never present in Tellens of this division. I may remark moreover, as a further assistance to the discrimination of those closely allied genera, that the inclina- tion of the line which unites the posterior muscular impression to the parallel scar is ascending in those aberrant species which most nearly approach Psammobia, whilst it is descending in that genus. I speak more particularly of Psammobia, as there exists in some of its species a fold almost equally profound (but symmetrical) with that of the majority of the Telline. ‘This does not exist in San- guinolaria, of which I regard Rosea and not Rugosa as the type. Certain Donaces, devoid of crenulated margins, might probably M 222 be mistaken for Telline, but these bemg always perfectly equivalve, strong, wedge-shaped, or triangular shells, with a remarkably short prominent hgament, and the anterior side the more compressed, present a combination of characters which are never united in any of those Tellens in which the characteristic fold 1s imperfeetly de- veloped. The decided sinuation of the palleal scar suffices to separate any species from Lucina, Corbis, or Astarte. DESCRIPTION. * Two lateral teeth in one of the valves. 1. Teriima rostrata (pl. Ixi. f. 157.) Zin., Syst. 1118; Lin. Mus. Ulr. 481; T. Spengleri, Chem. vol. vi. f. 88, 89 ; Wood, Gen. Conch. t. 37. f.2; Lam. no. 8; Hanl. Des. Cat. p. 62. t. 4. £. 35 ; Enc. Méth. t. 287. f. 5. T. testi elongato-subtrigona, angusta, subineequivalvi, subeequi- Jaterali, solida, convexiusculé, subflexuosd, extus intusque candida, prope nates roseo pallidé picta, concentricé sulcataé ; sulcis confertis, obliquis; margine ventrali subrecto aut convexiusculo; dorsali utrinque subrecto et subeequaliter declivi; areis dorsalibus sub- leevigatis, squamis tuberculosis, utrinque dentatis; latere antico subacuminato; postico subrostrato, biangulato; cost& umbonali angulata ; hgamento subinfosso; dentibus lateralibus magnis, re- motis. Elongated-subtriangular, narrow, rather flexuous, almost equi- lateral, rather inequivalve, solid, moderately convex, white both externally and internally, with a shght tmge of rose-colour near the beaks, closely and obliquely grooved concentrically ; ventral edge but little convex; dorsal margins nearly straight, and almost equally sloping ; dorsal areas nearly smooth, and environed by scaly tubercles ; anterior side subacuminated ; posterior biangulated and subrostrated ; umbonal ridge angulated ; ligament sunken ; lateral teeth strong and distant. Island of Ticao, &e, This is not the Rostrata of Gmelin, Lamarck, nor the majority of writers, but nevertheless, as was surmised by Schumacher from the expression “ ano riméque, subserratis,” is the species indicated by Linnzeus, as his specimen in the Linnean Society’s cabinet clearly evidences. 223 2. Texrtina Dusnayes (pl. lvu. f. 66.) Hanley, Zool. Proc. 1844. T. testa T. Rostrate simillima, sed albido-rosea, et lamellis sub- remotis concentricé ornaté; margine etiam ventrali convexiore. Extremely like T. rostrata, but of an uniform pale pinkish hue, and the surface ornamented with concentric and rather distant la- melle ; the ventral margin more convex likewise, than in the pre- ceding species. Red Sea? 3. Teviina Cumineu (pl. lv. f. 72.) Hanley, Zool. Proc. 1844. T. testa elongato-oblong’, subzequilaterali, solida, compressius- cula, vix nitida, albida aut flavescente, maculis strigis lneisve brun- neis aut fusco-purpurascentibus radiata ; concentricé sulcata, sulcis anticé confertis et subimbricatis, posticé sublamellosis, remotius- culis; margine ventrali convexo, utrinque sursum acclinato; dor- sali utrinque subdeclivi, anticé convexiusculo, posticé subrecto, ‘subincurvato, subdentato; latere postico attenuato, rostrato, paul- lulum breviore, ad extremitatem biangulato ; costé umbonali valdé prominente ; ligamento inconspicuo; superficie interna albidé aut flavidi; dentibus lateralibus validis, subzequidistantibus. Elongated-oblong, narrow, subequilateral, solid, rather com- pressed, scarcely glossy, whitish, radiated with narrow brown or chocolate-brown streaks or spots; concentrically sulcated, sulci fine, becoming elevated posteriorly, strong and coarse on the very prominent umbonal ridge, attenuated m the hollow beyond, and projecting again so as almost to dentate the straight or slightly concave ligamental margin; slopes very gentle; front dorsal area barred with coloured streaks; anterior extremity rounded, but somewhat attenuated; hinder side narrowed, subrostrated, and somewhat biangulated at the extremity; inside white or pale yel- lowish ; lateral teeth strong, and nearly equidistant. Guacomayo and America. 4, TeLumna crucieEra (pl. lviii. £.78, 79; and pl. lx. £178.) Lam., no. 7; Hanl. Des. Cat. p. 61. T. testé oblongd, convexd, ineequilaterali, nitidiusculd, albida. lineis maculisque fulvo-aurantiis aut roseo-purpureis plerumque radiatéi; (rarius immaculata, et radio brevi roseo ad umbones utrinque ornatd), sulcis exilibus, distinctis, paululum obliquis, con- centricé exaratéi; margine ventrali convexo, posticé sursum accli- nato; dorsali anticé convexiusculo et vix paululum declivi, posticé M 2 224 vix convexiusculo satisque declivi; latere antico manifeste longiore ; postico attenuato, subrostrato ; extremitate antici rotundata ; pos- tic angulata; cost’ umbonali conspicua; ligamento haud promi- nente ; superficie intern’ albid& aut flavida; dentibus lateralibus distinctis, eequidistantibus. Oblong, solid, convex, but slightly glossy, inequilateral, whitish, with (in the typical variety) two deep crimson short rays (thus forming a St. Andrew’s cross upon the umbones), but usually only adorned with more or less interrupted rays of tawny-orange or faint lineated markings of purplish crimson, rather obliquely distinctly but not coarsely concentrically grooved ; anterior side much the longer, and rounded at its extremity, its dorsal slope shght but convex ; posterior side attenuated, the shghtly convex ventral edge rising on that side, so as to form a beak in its junction with the moderately sloping and scarcely convex ligamental one ; umbonal ridge blunt but conspicuous ; inside white or yellowish, the lateral teeth distinct, and equidistant. The typical variety is extremely rare, I have only seen two specimens in the collection of William Walton, Esq., and the original one in the French Museum. Catbalonga, Isle of Samar ; &c. 5. Tertina Antonit (pl. lvin. f. 74,75; and pl. lx. f. 131.) Philippi, Ab. wnd Bes. Conch. pt. v. t. 5. £. 3. T. test& oblongo-elongata, solida, convex’, albid’ aut purpurea, maculis lineisve nebulosis radiantibus fusco-purpureis rubro-roseis aut fulvo-aurantiis plerumque ornatd, concentricé sulcataé et ob- soleté radiatim striaté; sulcis posticé sublamellosis ; margine ven- trali anticé crenato, posticé retuso et sursum acclinato; dorsali anticé vix declivi, posticé subrecto subincurvato satisque dechivi ; latere postico manifesté breviore, rostrato; flexura costaque um- bonali conspicuis; ligamento subdepresso; dentibus lateralibus validis, subeequidistantibus. Hlongated-oblong, solid, convex, somewhat glossy, variable in colouring being uniform whitish or purple (both within and with- out), but more commonly subradiated by purplish brown or rosy- red markings on a whitish ground; surface with very distinct concentric sulci, which become strong elevated striz as they ap- proach the prominent umbonal ridge, on and beyond which they become sublamellar; the interstices traversed by nearly obsolete radiating strie ; ventral edge swelling out in front and sloping upwards behind, so as to render the narrow and biangulated pos- terior extremity rostrated; anterior side decidedly the longer, its extremity rounded, its slope very shght ; ligamental edge straightish 225 but somewhat incurved, its slope moderate: flexure conspicuous ; lateral teeth strong and nearly equidistant. Guadaloupe. 6. TeLtra verrucosa (pl. Ixvin. f. 77.) Hanley, Zool. Proc. 1844, T. testa oblongo-elongata, solidi, compress ; aut flavidi rubro- purpureo radiata, aut pallide rosea radus subalbidis angustis zo- nisque saturatioribus ornata; valvula altera undique (natibus ex- cipiendis) verrucosa ; alter’ medio concentric’ sulcata, lateribus solim verrucosi; verrucis ellipticis aut semilunatis, in seriebus vix interruptis, concentricé ordinatis ; margine ventrali anticé subarcu- ato, posticé sursum acclinato; dorsali anticé convexiusculo et vix subdeclivi, posticé subrecto, subdeclivi; latere antico longiore, ro- tundato; extremitate posticd attenuatd, subrostaté, obliqué subbi- angulata ; ligamento haud prominente; flexura ventrali costique umbonali conspicuis ; dentibus lateralibus magnis, equidistantibus. Elongated-oblong, depressed, solid, yellowish with reddish crim- son rays or pale pink with deeper concentric bands and paler nar- row rays; surface roughened in one valve by concentrically arran- ged and frequently connected compressed wart-like tubercles, which on the disc of the other valve are replaced by concentric elevated sulci; anterior side the longer, rounded; ventral edge arcuated anteriorly and curving upwards to the angulated posterior extre- mity so as to render it subrostrated and attenuated ; slopes gentle, ligament not prominent ; lateral teeth large. Corrigidor, Bay of Manilla. 7. Tetia RasteLLuM (pl. lxiv. f. 231. and pl. Ixv. f. 242) Hanley, Zool. Proc. (April) 1844; Hanl. Des. Cat. sup. t. xiv. f. 14. T. Phihppu, Axton Ab. und Bes Conch. part v. t. 5. T. testa elongata, solidi, convexiuscula, aequilaterali, flavida, pallide roseo radiaté ; anticé sulcata, posticé squamosa, squamis erectis, la- mellosis, in isdem seriebus cum sulcis concentricis, ordinatis ; mar- gine ventrali vix convexiusculo ; ; dorsali utrinque paululum declivi, anticé vix convexiusculo, posticé recto ant subincurvato ; latere postico attenuato, subrostrato, ad extremitatem obliqué biangulato ; extremitate anticd rotundati; ligamento costique umbonali, con- spicuis ; superficie interna albida, umbones versus aurantio utrinque fucata ; dentibus lateralibus validis, subeequidistantibus. Elongated, solid, moderately convex, equilateral, yellowish with pale crimson rays, the concentric sulci posteriorly so interrupted as to form rows of thin tooth-like scales, and so arranged that the 226 teeth of one line are just beneath the interstices in the other ; dorsal slopes gentle, the posterior one nearly straight, anterior extremity somewhat narrowed and rounded, posterior end much attenuated and subrostrated ; ventral edge but little convex; wmbonal ridge, ligament, and flexuosity, very prominent ; inside white, disc tinged with orange, a short orange ray on either side near the beak ; la- teral teeth strong, and subequidistant. Zanzibar. A species sometimes confused with Pulcherrima, but much more elongated, the strie stronger, and the scales entirely absent from the posterior side. It is not impossibly the Aspera of Gmelin, but that shell is too briefly described for recognition. 8. TELLINA PULCHERRIMA (pl. lxi. f. 165.) Sowerby, Tank. Cat. App. p. 3. t. 1. £1; Hanl. Des. Cat. p. 67. sup. t. 11. f. 14, Knorr. vol. iv. t. 25. f. 1. T. testé oblonga, solidi, convexiuscula, subeequilaterali, flavo ru- broque radiata, im medio concentricé et tenuiter sulcata; utrinque squamosi, sqamis erectis, dentiformibus aut sublunatis; margine ventrali convexiusculo ; dorsali utrinque leviter declivi ; extremitate antici rotundata ; posticd subattenuata, angulata ; superficie interna albida, umbones versus aurantio tincté; dentibus lateralibus validis, subeequidistantibus. Oblong, solid, moderately convex, subequilateral, rayed with pale crimson red and yellow, concentrically sulcated; sulci fine and terminated at either extremity and near the httle arcuated ventral margin, by sublunate scales, which in some specimens become more elevated and somewhat tongue-shaped ; dorsal slopes gentle ; ante- rior extremity rounded; posterior rather attenuated ; lateral teeth very strong, and nearly equidistant. Var. a. More elongated, sulci and scales stronger and more nu- merous. Var. 4. Sulci very fine and rather oblique ; scales visible along the ventral margin. Singapore, and Straits of Banca (Cuming). 9. TELLINA aspeRRIMA (pl. lx. f. 135.) Hanley, Zool. Proc., 1844. T. testa, oblongo-ellipticd, convexiuscula, solidiuscula, flavida aut incarnata, roseo-radiata; tot& superficie externa squamis asper- rima ; squamis anticé sublunatis, posticé (et preesertim supra costam umbonalem distinctam) spinosis ; margine ventrali medio subrecto, flexura distincta ; dorsali utrinque subdeclivi, et paululum convexi- 227 usculo; latere antico breviore; extremitate posticd subbiangulata, attenuata; dentibus lateralibus magnis, antico approximato. Oblong-elliptic, moderately convex, rather solid, flesh-coloured, with dull crimson rays, the entire surface rough with tooth-like scales, which become more crowded at the rounded anterior extre- mity, and between the distinctly indicated umbonal ridge and the nearly straight posterior edge rise into rather distant elevated fangs ; slopes gentle; posterior side the longer, its extremity angulated ; ventral edge nearly straight ; teeth very distinct, the lateral large, the anterior lateral approximate, The scales are replaced near the beaks by raised concentric striz. An unique specimen, in the cabinet of Mr. Cuming, was found by him at Sual, province of Sangasinan, Isle of Luzon (sandy mud, six fathoms). Alhed to Pudcherrima. 10. Tretia sutcata (pl. 60. f. 138.) Wood, Gen. Conch. p- 178. t.47. f. 1; Hanl. Des. Cat., t. 4. f£.63; Dilw. p. 89. T. testa ovali-subtrigona, solidi, subcompressd, subeequilaterali, subimpolita, albida aut flavescente, concentricé sulcata et radiatim striata ; sulcis elevatis, subconfertis, ad costam umbonalem promi- nentem rudioribus; flexura conspicud; margine ventrali convexo ; dorsali utrinque (et preesertim posticé) dechivi, anticé subrecto, posticé recto aut subincurvato ; latere postico leviter subrostrato, attenuato ; extremitate posticd biangulata; superficie interna flavidd ; dentibus lateralibus validis, subzequidistantibus. Oval-subtriangular, solid, rather depressed, subequilateral, ra- ther dull, white or pale straw coloured, with regular rather close raised concentric sulci, which become sublamellar on the prominent umbonal ridge ; the interstices with radiating strie; ventral edge convex; flexure conspicuous; anterior dorsal slope gentle, and nearly straight ; posterior side attenuated, its dorsal slope straight and rather strong, its extremity biangulated; inside yellowish ; lateral teeth strong and nearly equidistant. A small specimen was procured by Mr. Cuming, at Catbalonga, Isle of Samar. 11. Teva iterrvurta (pl. Ixiii. f. 207.) Wood, Gen. Cone. (1815), p. 146. t.36. f.3; Dilw. 75. TT. maculosa, Lam. (1818) no.4; Chem. vol. vi. f. 73; Enc. Meth. t. 288. f. 7. T. testa ovali aut ovali-oblong4, zquilaterali, solida, subventri- cosi, impolita, albé, lineis undosis angularibus lividis brunneis fulvis aut purpureis nebulosd aut subradiaté; concentricé sulcata, sulcis posticé membranaceis ; margine ventrali subarcuato ; dorsali utrinque declivi et convexiusculo ; latere postico attenuato, subros- 228 trato; extremitate postic’ angulata ; costié umbonali prominente ; natibus plerumque purpureis ; umbonibus flavis; ligamento magno ; superficie internd flavidi; dentibus lateralibus magnis, subsequi- distantibus. Var. Test& angustiore; sulcis remotioribus; margine ventrali rectiore, dorsali utrinque minus declivi. Oval or oval-oblong, equilateral, solid, subventricose, not po- lished, white crowded with narrow zigzag linear streaks of fawn- colour brown chocolate or purple, beaks usually tipped with purple, umbones yellowish; surface with moderately distant raised con- centric sulci, which become more elevated but zof thickened on the conspicuous umbonal ridge; ventral edge moderately arcuated ; anterior side rounded at its extremity, the dorsal slope gentle ; posterior side attenuated, subrostrated, the slope strong and very slightly convex, the tip obtusely angulated ; mside tinged with yel- low ; lateral teeth very strong, subequidistant. Var. Narrower and more elongated; dorsal edges less sloping ; ventral edge straighter; sulci rather more distant. Surinam. The 7. MWericana of the ‘ Revue Cuverienne,’ is now regarded by its author as an elongated variety of this species. 12. Teriina vireata (pl. lx. f. 212.) Lin. Sys., p. 1116; Chem. vol. vi. f. 67 ; Enc. Meth. t. 288. f. 2; Mawe’s Conch. t. 6. f.1; Lam. no. 5; Hanl. Des. Cat. p. 61. t. 3. £3; Wood, Gen. Conctso det. 2.10: T. testa ovali, subtrigon4, solida, conveximscula, subsequilaterali, flava, roseo-purpurascente radiata, concentricé sulcata, ; sulcis an- ticé subimbricatis, posticé rudioribus magisque elevatis ; margine ventrali posticé sursum acclinato, medio subrecto, anticé arcuato , carini umbonali prominente; latere antico breviore, rotundato ; postico attenuato, subrostrato ; margine dorsali postico elongato, de- clivi, submcurvato; hgamento magno; superficie interna aurantio tincté; dentibus lateralibus validis, subeequidistantibus. Oval, subtriangular, solid, moderately convex, nearly equilateral, rich yellow, either uniform, or closely rayed with dull purplish crim- son; the concentric sulci becoming closer and shghtly mbricated anteriorly, and coarser more prominent and distant as they approach the projecting umbonal ridge; ventral edge subarcuated im front, nearly straight in the middle, and sloping up towards the attenuated and subrostrated IDO extremity ; ligamental edge somewhat incurved, much sloping; ligament large and prominent ; within usually tinged with orange, “the lateral teeth strong and subequi- distant. Indian Ocean. 229 13, Tetra supar (pl. ]xiii. f.214.) Hanley, Zool. Proc.1844. T. virgata, var. Wood, Gen. Conc. t. 36. f.2. Ene. Meéth. t. 288. f. 4. (bad). T. testa specie priore magis triangulari, altiore, minus elongata ; rubro-purpured, radiis albis aut albidis ornat&; margine ventrali subarcuato; dorsal utrinque decliviore ; superficie internd albidé, aut coloribus externis fucata. Extremely ike Virgata, but more triangular and less elongated, the dorsal slopes being more sudden; theventral edge is more convex, and less straight in the middle; the external colouring of broader and narrower white rays on a dull rosy or reddish ground, is fre- quently visible on the otherwise white surface of the interior. Mus. Cuming. The hgamental margin inclines to convexity, which is the reverse of what we meet with in Virgata and Marginalis. 14. Tettiva MaRGINALtIs (pl. xii. f. 216.) Dilw. Des. Cat. p- 74; Chem. f. 68, (tolerable). T. testa Virgate et Jubaris maximé assimili, altiore autem, magisque rotundata ; margine ventrali plané arcuato, posticé sursum acclivi; dorsali utrique leviter declivi; superficie externa albida, radiis rubescentibus ornata. Closely allied to the two preceding, but less oblong than either ; the ventral edge much more arcuated, and ascending abruptly on the posterior side; the hgamental edge sloping, but slightly and somewhat concavely ; the colouring whitish, with pale rosy-red or deep flesh-coloured rays; interior nearly white. Indian Ocean? &c. 15. Tertma staureia (pl. lx. f. 148. and pl. Ixi. f. 171. and pl. Ixv. f. 261.) Lam., no. 6; Hanl. Des. Cat. p. 61. sup. t. 11. f. 33; Delessert, t. 6. f. 2; Chem. vol. vi. f. 70, 71; Philip. Ab. und Bes. Conch. part v. t. 5. f. 6. TT. scalaris, Zam. no. 29. T. testa ovali aut oblongo-ovali, solidé, convexé, mitida, extus in- tusque albida aut flavida, radiis angustis roseis confertis plerumque ornaté; concentricé sulcata, sulcis anticé subobliquis et subimbri- catis, posticé submembranaceis et paucioribus (plerumque in valvula alteri omnino obsoletis) ; margine ventrali convexo ; dorsali anticé subdeclivi et vix convexiusculo, posticé declivi et subrecto ; latere antico manifesté longiore, postico attenuato ; extremitate posticd obtusé angulaté; natibus plerumque roscis, nonnunquam cruce roseo-rubra. notatis ; igamento magno, subconspicuo ; dentibus la- teralibus magnis, subsequidistantibus. N 230 Oval or oblong-oval, solid, convex, glossy, white or yellowish, with narrow pink or rosy rays (which often become obsolete,) and concentric sulci, which, subimbricated in front, are almost lamel- lar towards the decidedly shorter posterior side, where in one valve they almost always become obsolete; dorsal slopes rather gentle; ventral edge convex; posterior extremity attenuated and angulated ; imbonal ridge ete ; Inside whitish or tinged with yellow, beaks tinged with rose- colour; lateral teeth strong and nearly equidistant. Var. a, with two short rays at the beak in each valve, forming a small crimson cross ; a smooth posterior area in one valve. Var. 4, beaks with a very large crimson cross; no rays; sulci finer; area as in last. Var. ¢, rays distinct ; no smooth area. Var. d, As last, but perfectly white, and oval-oblong. T. scalaris is but an abbreviated variety of this very variable species, with the posterior side more strongly biangulated and less attenuated at the extremity. The typical specimen of the French Museum is yellow, (externally very pale) with the apical cross of a rich red and very small. Philippmes &c., very common. 16. Tevtina Guriprner (pl. lvi. f. 1.) Hanley, Zool. Proc. 1844. T. testa oblonga, tenui, compressi, subzequilaterali, albida, radiis aurantio-roseis zonisque albido-roseis ornat&é; sulcis exilibus con- fertis concentricé exaraté; margine ventrali subrecto, medio sub- retuso; dorsali utrmque declivi, et vix convextusculo ; latere postico paululum breviore, attenuato ; extremitate posticd inferné angulata, antica rotundata; natibus acutis; cost’ umbonali et flexura ven- trali mconspicuis ; hgamento prominente ; dentibus lateralibus mag- nis, equidistantibus. Oblong, thin, compressed, subequilateral, whitish, with narrow roseate flesh-coloured rays, and fine close-set concentric sulci ; ven- tral edge nearly straight, rather retuse in the middle ; dorsal margin scarcely at all convex or sloping on either side; posterior side very slightly the shorter, attenuated, its extremity angulated below (biangulated m the young, and the hgamental edge retuse) ; ante- rior end rounded; umbonal ridge obsolete ; flexure inconspicuous ; ligament prominent; inside pale; lateral teeth large, and equ- distant. West Indies. 17. Tetra PuLcHELLa (pl. lvi. f. 4.) Zam., no. 23; Hanl. Des. Cat. p. 64. sup. t. 1. f.4; Philp. En. Mol. Sicil. vol.i. p. 24. 231 T. rostrata, Born. t. 2. f.10; Poli. Tes. Sic. vol. xv. f. 8; T. virgata, var. Chem. vol. vi. p. 72. T. testé oblonga, angusta, tenui, compress, nitidd, radiis roseis vel roseo-aurantiis et albidis vel flavidis eleganter ornata, strus con- fertis exilibus concentricé sulcataé ; margine ventrali subrecto ; latere antico producto, rotundato ; postico breviore, valde attenuato, sub- rostrato; margine dorsali anticé paululum declivi, posticé valde de- clivi, convexo, intusque roseo; natibus albidis; superficie interna albido-rosea ; dentibus lateralibus validis, antico subapproximato. Var. testa omnino rosea. Elongated-oblong, very thin, compressed, glossy, rayed with rose- colour and white, the former often passing into orange, the latter tinged usually with yellow; more rarely of an uniform rose-colour, except the tips of the beaks which are always pale or whitish ; most delicately but regularly and closely striated concentrically ; ventral edge nearly straight; anterior side produced, its slope very gentle, its extremity rounded ; posterior side shorter, much attenuated, sub- rostrated, the dorsal slope great but convex ; inside pink, igamen- tal edge rosy ; lateral teeth strong, anterior one subapproximate. Mediterranean. 18. TeLiina vireurata (pl. lvi. f. 5.) Hanley, Zool. Proc. 1844. T. testa Donacine simillima, sed paululum angustiore, striusque exilioribus ornata; extus intusque albida, roseo-radiata ; radus latis, haud interruptis ; margine dorsali anticé albido. Extremely ike Donacina, but the shape is slightly narrower, the strie more delicate, and the colouring consists of a few interrupted rose-coloured rays upon a white ground; the interior dorsal edge is white. Mus. Cuming. 19. Tettra pistorta (pl. lvi. f. 6.) Poh, Test. Sic. vol. i. t. 15. f. 11; Philip. Mol. Sic. vol. i. p. 25. T. testé ovato-oblonga, compressiuscula, tenui, mitidd, subpellu- cida, pallidé rosea aut aurantio-rosed, radiis saturatioribus plerum- que pictaé ; concentricé striata, striis minimis et posticé elevatis ; mar- gine ventrali convexiusculo; dorsali utrinque subrecto, anticé minimé declivi; latere antico longiore, ad extremitatem obtusé rotundato ; extremitate postici cuneiformi, paululum subrostrata; flexura cos- taque umbonali subinconspicuis; ligamento parvo, satis promi- nente; dentibus lateralibus distinctis, postico subremoto. N2 232 Ovate-oblong, slightly compressed, thi, subpellucid, glossy, pink or rosy orange, with narrow deeper-coloured rays, crowded with minute concentric striae which become more distinct and ele- vated posteriorly ; ventral margin slightly convex ; anterior side the longer, obtusely rounded at its extremity, its dorsal edge scarcely at all declining; posterior extremity wedge-shaped, the hgamental edge nearly straight ; ligament small but not sunken; fold and flexure not conspicuous ; lateral teeth distinct, posterior the more distant. Mediterranean. 20. Tentina ponactna (pl. lvi. f. 12. and pl. Ixvi. f. 259.) Lin., Sys. 1118; Lin. Trans. vol. viii. t. 1. f. 1.; Mont. Test. Brit. t. 27.1.3; Turt. Biv. Brit. p. 103. t.8.f.4; Wood, Gen. Conc. t. 45. f.5 3 Philip, En. Mol. Sic. vol. i. p. 24; Lam. no. 27; Hanl. Des. Cat. p. 64. t.4. £31. T. variegata Pol, vol. 1. t. 15. f. 10. T. Llantivyi, Payr. Cat. Cors. p. 40. t. 1. f. 138, 14. T. testa oblonga, solidiusculd, subconvexa, impolita, albido-flaves- cente, radiis roseo-rubris angustis interrupté ornata, strisque sub- imbricatis concentricé sulcata; margine ventrali convexiusculo, et anticé arcuato ; margine dorsali roseo, anticé minimé posticé subito, declivi; latere antico latitudinem postici duplo superante ; extre- mitate antici rotundata, posticA obtusissimé cuneiformi; natibus radio brevi recto roseo strigatis ; superficie interna flavescente, prope nates roseo-tincta ; dentibus lateralibus validis, subeequidistantibus. Var. Penitus candida. Oblong, rather solid, moderately convex, rather dull, pale yellow, with crimson interrupted narrow rays, and concentric subimbri- cated strize ; ventral edge moderately convex, swelling out anteriorly ; dorsal edge rosy ; beaks with a short direct rosy streak ; anterior side thrice as long as the posterior, its extremity rounded, its dorsal edge nearly horizontal; posterior side very short, most obtusely cuneiform, inside tinged with yellow, becoming pink near the beaks, teeth strong, subequidistant. Var. Perfectly white. Britain, Europe. 21. Tentina TULIPA (pl. lvi. f. 25.) Hanley, Zool. Proc. 1844. T. test’ ovali-oblongd, solidd, subineequilaterali ,compressa, niti- diusculd, lineis elevatis concentricé et confertim striata; albida aut albido-roseA, radiis roseis multis angustis subinterrupte ornata ; margine ventrali medio retuso ; dorsali utrinque subrecto, anticé vix paululum declivi, posticé satis declivi; latere antico paulo lon- 233 giore, ad extremitatem obtusé rotundato; postico truncato-cunei- formi; ligamento prominente; cost’ umbonali subobsoletd; den- tibus ut in Donacind. Oval-oblong, solid, shghtly equilateral, compressed, somewhat glossy, with very close concentric strie, which are submbricated in front, and raised behind; white or pale pink, with numerous rosy somewhat interrupted rays ; ventral edge subretuse in the mid- dle ; dorsal edges nearly straight, the front one scarcely, the hinder one ’ moderately sloping; ligament prominent; anterior side rather the longer, and obtusely rounded at its termination ; posterior side of a truncated wedge-shape ; umbonal ridge not prominent ; inside paler than the exterior but usually tinged with rose-colour ; teeth as in Donacina. Mus. Cuming, Walton. 22. Tertina tinzata (pl. lvi. f. 35, 36. and pl. lvii. f. 46, 47.) Turton, Conch. Dict. p. 168. f. 16 ; Turt. Biv. Brit. pe99stet.t1. T. Brasiliana Lam. no. 46 ; Hanl. Des. Cat. p- 70. sup. t. 9. f. 3. T. striata Mond, Test. Brit. POO. t2ha 2. T. testa ovata, solida, convexa, concentricé et confertissimé striata; margine ventrali medio subrecto ; dorsali anticé magis minusve convexo et paululum declivi, posticé umbones versus subretuso, demde convexo et declivi ; latere antico longiore, ad extremitatem rotundato ; extremitate posticA cuneiformi; lgamento prominente; flexura costéque umbonali satis conspicuis; dentibus lateralibus validis, subzequidistantibus. Var. a, ‘Test& sordidé albida, umbonibus nonnunquam aurantiis, radioque brevi obliquo roseo anticé ornatis. Var. 4, Penitus can- dida. Var. c, Ovato-oblonga, levigati, nitidd, albido-rosed, radio obliquo ut in var. a; intus rosea. More or less ovate solid and convex, with concentric minute crowded strie ; the ventral margin nearly straight in the middle ; an- terior side the longer (sometimes scarcely so,) its extremity rounded, its dorsal edge but shghtly sloping ; posterior extremity wedge- shaped, the hgamental edge, which near the beaks is somewhat re- tuse, becoming convex at its termination; fold and flexure incon- spicuous ; lateral teeth strong, and subequidistant. Var. a, Pale, with a short oblique anterior crimson ray at the umbones, which are sometimes tinged with orange. Var. 4, En- tirely white. Var. c, The ray as m var. a, but the shape more elongated, and the surface pink smooth and glossy ; inside rosy. Britain (?), West Indies, Florida, and Brazil. 234: There being a previous Brasi/iana, the subsequent name of Tur- ton must be adopted. 23. Teiiina ceLipa, Hanley. T. testa ellipticd, eequilaterali, solidiuscula, subinzequivalvi, con- vexiuscula, subnitida, intus extusque candida, lineis elevatis concen- tricis subconfertim striata, strus anticé et posticé elevatioribus ; margine ventrali convexo; dorsali utrmque subdeclivi, subrecto, anticé lamellis lanceolatis dentato; natibus haud mcumbentibus ; extremitate antici rotundata; posticé subbiangulata, costa umbo- nali distincté; lgamento mfosso; dentibus lateralibus subeequi- distantibus. Llhptic, equilateral, shghtly inequivalve, tolerably strong, mo- derately convex, scarcely glossy, white both within and without, with elevated and rather close concentric lines, which are stronger at the extremities, interstices quite smooth; ventral edge convex ; dorsal but moderately slopmg on either side, nearly straight, den- tated in front by lanceolate lamellae; beaks not inclining; front extremity rounded, hinder one somewhat biangulated ; fold distinct ; ligament sunken ; lateral teeth nearly equidistant. Mus. Belcher. Unfortunately a figure of this distinct species cannot be given, as the possessor of the unique specimen is not in England. 24. Tartina serrata (pl. lxv. f. 256.) Costa, p. xvi. no. 8; Philip. En. Mol. Sic. p. 25; Ab. und Bes. Conch. part 5. t. 5 f. 5. T. testa ovali-trigond, solidiuscula, satis convex4, ineequilateral1, nitidiusculd, intus extusque albida, (umbonibus plerumque flavis ;) concentricé striata, striis exilibus, confertissimis, anticé posticé et inferné subelevatis ; margine ventrali convexiusculo; dorsali an- ticé convexiusculo vixque declivi, postico subrecto et valdé dechivi ; latere antico longiore, ad extremitatem rotundato; posticé cunel- formi; cost& umbonali satis conspicud; natibus acutis; lhgamento infosso; dentibus lateralibus, magnis, haud remotis, subeequidis- tantibus. Subtriangularly oval, tolerably solid and convex, inequilateral, slightly glossy, within and without whitish, with the umbones usu- ally bright yellow, most closely and delicately striated ; the strize raised at the extremities and towards the moderately convex ven- tral margin; front dorsal edge moderately convex and not much sloping, hinder one straightish and considerably sloping; front side the longer, its extremity rounded ; hinder side wedge-shaped ; fold 235 distinct ; beaks acute ; ligament sunken; lateral teeth large, tole- rably and almost equally close. Mediterranean. 25. Tectia Owentt (pl. lx. f.133.) Hanley, Zool. Proc. 1844, T. test& ovato-oblongd, solidiusculé, subimpolita, compressa, eequilaterali, albida, concentricé et confertissimé striata ; margine ventrali valdé arcuato ; dorsali utrinque subdeclivi, anticé subrecto, posticé incurvato et lamellis subdentato ; extremitate anticA rotun- data; latere postico acuminato, subrostrato ; cost& umbonali con- spicua; flexura satis distincté; natibus acutis ; igamento infosso ; disco interno aurantio ; dentibus lateralibus, subremotis, subeequi- distantibus. Ovate-oblong, tolerably strong, rather dull, whitish, (with often a tinge of orange in the front part of the umbones, and the internal disc always of that colour,) equilateral, compressed, with crowded concentric strie; ventral edge much arcuated ; dorsal moderately sloping on either side of the acute beaks, nearly straight in front, incurved behind and somewhat toothed by the lamelle, (which in some specimens commence before the conspicuous fold) ; ligament sunken ; lateral teeth distinct, and nearly equally remote. Africa. 26. Tretia pHARAONIS (pl. lain. f.215.) Hanley, Zool. Proc. 1844. T. testa 7. Vulsed/e simillimé, sed solidé lneisque elevatis con- centricé striata, umbonibus aurantio-roseis ; flexurd sinuata. Extremely hike 7. Vu/sel/a, but solid, and rough with concentric elevated strize ; fold smuated. In the only specimen I have ever seen, one of the valves is of a delicate pink, the other white tinged with the same hue, the beaks of a very rosy orange and the ventral flexure so deep as to form a sinus; the lower margin is not so convex in front as in Rostrata ; the front lateral tooth is distinctly crenated, but this is probably accidental. Red Sea. 27. TELLINA VULSELLA (pl. lu. f. 162, 163.) Chem. T. ros- trata, Gmel. p. 3233 (in part) ; Dil. Des. Cat. p. 84; Lam. no. 9; Chem. vol. vi. f.105; Enc. Méth. t. 289. f.1; Wood, Gen. Conc. t. 37. f. 3; Knorr. vol. iv. t. 2.f.2,5; Hanl. Des. Cat. p. 62. t. 4. f, 28. T. testa valdé elongata, compressi, tenui, subpellucida, nitidis- 236 simi, sublevigata, rose, radio pallidiore postico plerumque notata ; margine ventrali anticé arcuato, posticé flexuoso et sursum accli- nato; dorsali utrinque vix minimé declivi, prope nates acutas subretuso, deinde subrecto aut paululum convexiusculo ; latere an- tico longiore, ad extremitatem rotundato ; postico angusto, acumi- nato, rostrato ; ligamento infosso ; flexura cost&ique umbonali con- spicuis ; dentibus lateralibus parvis, tenuibus, aquidistantibus. Var. Flavo-aurantia. Much elongated, compressed, thin, subpellucid, polished, rose- coloured, with usually a paler posterior ray, nearly smooth, or with minute radiating and concentric striz ; ventral edge arcuated in front, flexuous and greatly elevated behind; dorsal edge scarcely at all sloping in front, rather more so posteriorly, subretuse near the acute beaks, and then straightish or very shghtly convex ; an- terior side the longer, rounded at its extremity; posterior side forming a narrow acuminated beak; ligament sunken ; fold and flexure conspicuous ; lateral teeth thin, small, and equidistant. Var. Rich yellow. Yellow var. Isle of Zebu. As this is not the Rostrata of Linneus, I have adopted the other name proposed by Chemnitz “ Rostrata seu Vulsella’”. 28, Ternina PERNA (pl. Ixii. f. 202, 217, 219.) Spengler, Schrivt. Naturhis. Gelstav. Kiobenha. 4. (1798). 'T. pallescens Dil. Des. Cat. p. 84. T. sulphurea and latirostra Lam. no. 10, 11. Hanl. Des. Cat. p. 62. T. incarnata Born p. 36. t. 2. £. 12. (er- roneously quoted as 11] in text). T’. rostrata flavescens Chem. vol. vi. f. 104. T. latirostra, Swain. Zool. Il. 2nd ser. vol. 1. t. 20. T. test& oblongo-elongata, tenuiusculd, convexd, subpellucida, nitidd, sublevigata, alba, flava, aurantid aut rosea, radio pallidiore postico plerumque ornaté; margine ventrali anticé arcuato, posticé sursum declivi; dorsali anticé vix declivi, convexiusculo, posticé paululum declivi, prope nates conspicuas subincurvato, mox con- vexiusculo; latere antico longiore, subproducto ; postico rostrato ; extremitate posticd obtusé angulaté ; umbonibus subtumidis ; liga- mento infosso; margine cardinalis interno, angusto, callo lga- mentali munito; dentibus lateralibus tenuibus, inconspicuis, eequi- distantibus. Elongated-oblong, rather thin, semitransparent, convex, glossy, very variable in colouring, bemg sulphur-yellow, white, pink with or without paler rays, orange with white rays, or orange flesh-co- loured, &c., nearly smooth, often with obsolete radiating striule, which are more evident posteriorly ; ventral edge arcuated in front, 237 curving up posteriorly ; anterior side rather the longer, its extre- mity obtusely rounded, scarcely any dorsal slope, but the edge convex ; posterior side beaked, its dorsal edge moderately sloping and convex at its termination, its extremity obtusely subangulated ; umbones rather tumid; ligament sunken; hinge-margin narrow, a callus near the teeth; lateral teeth thin, equidistant, indistinct. Singapore, Isle of Burias, &c. 29. TELLINA ALBINELLA (pl. lxi. f. 164, 166.) Lam., no. 17; Hanl. Des. Cat. p. 63. sup. t. 14. f.3. T. testé oblongo-ovali, subzequilaterali, tenuiusculd, complanata, nitidiuscula, extus intusque albidi; alter valvuld sublevigata, alterius area posticd concentricé striati; margine ventrali vix con- vexiusculo; dorsali anticé arcuato et declivi, posticé declivi et subincurvato; lgamento infosso; flexura subinconspicud; costa umbonali carinat&; dentibus lateralibus perparvis, mconspicuis, antico approximato. Var. Rosea. Oval-oblong, rather thin, flat, subequilateral, slightly glossy, whitish, (usually with a fulvous stain towards the beaks,) nearly smooth, except on the posterior half of one of the valves which is deeply and distinctly striated concentrically ; ventral edge nearly straight in the middle and rising behind; front dorsal edge arched and deeply slopmg; posterior side acuminated, angulated below, and slightly beaked, the ligamental edge moderately sloping, and rather incurved ; ligament sunken ; inside whitish, the lateral teeth very small, indistinct, the anterior one closely approximate. Var. Rose-coloured. Australia. 30. TeLtina rosea (pl. lxi. f. 170) Spengler, Schriv. Natur. Gelsta. Kioben. vol. 4. 1798; T. pallide rosea, Chem. vol. 6. £.96. T. testa oblonga, crassissima, subzequilaterali, convexiuscula, nitida, rosea, subleevigata, stris concentricis tenuissimis, lineisque radiantibus obsoletis tantum signaté; strus posticis prope nates acutas remotis, subelevatis; margine ventrali convexo, posticé acclivi; dorsali utrinque declivi, anticé convexo, posticé subrecto plerumque subincurvato; latere postico subcuneiformi; extremi- tate postica subacuminata ; costé umbonali angusta ; flexura incon- spicud ; igamento infosso; superficie interna rosea, polita, impres- sionibus muscularibus fortiter impressis; margine cardinali intus lato, valido; dentibus lateralibus parvis, subsequidistantibus, ztate obsoletis. é Oblong, very solid, subequilateral, rather convex, glossy, pink, ) 238 with delicate concentric and obsolete radiating striz, the posterior concentric more distant raised and distinct near the beaks; ven- tral edge scarcely arcuated, ascending posteriorly ; anterior side rounded, its dorsal slope strong; posterior side wedge-shaped, ligamental edge nearly straight, often shghtly incurved, moderately sloping, point acuminated ; within rosy, polished, scars deeply im- pressed; hinge margin broad and very strong; lateral teeth sub- equidistant, rather small, by age obsolete. Indian Ocean (?). 31. Tertma rvamquisteiata (pl.lvi. £58. and pl.lvin. f.80.) Donovan, Brit. Shells, (1802), vol. 4. t. 123; T. sanguinea, Wood, Gen. Conch. p. 159. t.44. £2; Hanl. Desc. Cat. p. 67. t.4. £. 27. T. test& oblongo-subtrigond, solidiusculi, subsequilaterali, nitida, compressiuscula, pallidé rubro-sanguined, concentricé confertim et exilissimé striata; striis posticis alter’ in valvulé remotis, rudi- oribus; margine ventrali subrecto; dorsali anticé convexiusculo et subdeclivi, posticé declivi et prope nates retuso; latere antico paulo longiore, ad extremitatem rotundato ; postico trancato-cunei- formi; colore interno saturatiore; ligamento prominulo ; flexura costique umbonali obsoletis; dentibus laterahbus magnis, antico approximato, postico haud remoto. Var. a, striis posticis in utraque valvulé remotis, radioribus. Var. 4, testi albida, pallidé aurantio ad nates utrmque radiata. Oblong, very slightly triangular, rather solid, somewhat com- pressed ; glossy, subequilateral, of a pale blood red, with fine and crowded concentric striz, which however in one of the valves are posteriorly replaced by coarser and more distant ones ; ventral edge nearly straight; anterior side rather the longer, its end rounded, its dorsal slope moderate and tolerably convex ; posterior end trun- cated-cuneiform, its dorsal slope strong, nearly straight, or some- what concave near its acute beaks ; ligament but shghtly projecting ; fold and flexure obsolete; internal colours deeper; lateral teeth large, the posterior not very distant, the anterior subapproximate. Var. a, the posterior striz distant in both valves. Var. 6, white, with a short pale orange ray on either side of the beaks. Tn sculpture resembling Nitida. Bay of Guayaquil; (Cuming). 32. TeLiina PRIncers (pl. lxin. f. 206.) Hanley, Zool. Proc. 1844. T. testi oblongo-ellipticd, vequilaterali, solidi, compressa, niti- diusculi, intus extusque roseo-purpurascente, concentricé suleata ; striis exilibus, profundis, radiantibus, sulcos confertos, utrinque (et 239 alter’ in valvuld undique) decussantibus; margine ventrali sub- recto; dorsali utrinque leviter et equaliter subdeclivi; extremitate postica obtusissimé angulata; flexurd ventrali costAque umbonali, obsoletis ; ligamento prominente ; dente laterali antico approximato et conspicuo, postico parvo, remoto, inconspicuo. Oblong elliptic, equilateral, solid, compressed, rather glossy, both internally and externally of an uniform reddish lilac colour, the surface decussated by close-set concentric sulci and fine but very distinct radiating strie, which are only visible at the extreme sides in one of the valves; the ventral edge nearly straight; the dorsal slopes gentle and all but equal; the posterior end most ob- tusely angulated ; umbonal ridge and flexure obsolete ; the anterior lateral tooth extremely close and distinct, the posterior very distant and inconspicuous. Not readily confused with any in this division, but very closely allied to Purpurascens, from which the teeth distinguish it. Tumbez, Peru; (Cuming). 33. Terentia punicea (pl. vii. f. 89. and pl. Ix. f. 154.) Born, p. 33. t. 2. f. 2; Lam. no. 21; Enc. Méth. t. 291. f. 2; Gmel. 3239; Dil. Des. Cat. p. 90. T. testa ovali-trigon’, solidi, convexiuscula, subzquilaterali, nitida, extus intusque albido-rosed, (rarius candid&) prope nates albas colore saturatius tinct’; concentricé sulcati, sulcis confertis, nonnunquam alteré in valvula posticé obsoletis; margine ven- trali convexiusculo; dorsali utrinque declivi, anticé convexiusculo, posticé subrecto ; extremitate antici obtusi, et superné subemar- ginata; latere postico truncato-cuneiformi: flexurd costdque um- bonali conspicuis ; ligamento prominulo aut prominente ; denti- bus lateralibus distinctis, antico valdé approximato, postico remoto. Var.? Magis trigond, tenuiore, saturatius picta, sulcis alterius valvule posticé obsoletissimis, emarginatione subobsoleti. Subtriangularly oval, solid, moderately convex, nearly equilateral, glossy, of a pale rose-colour, increasing in intensity near the white- tipped beaks ; surface closely and deeply grooved (the sulci rarely obsolete behind) ; ventral edge slightly convex; anterior side (if either) the shorter, the extremity obtusely emarginated or indented near the dorsal slope, which is slight and rather convex ; posterior side of a truncate wedge shape, its dorsal edge nearly straight and much sloping ; fold and flexure obsolete ; ligament always more or less prominent ; lateral teeth distinct, the front one approximate, the hinder remote. 7 Var.? more triangular, thinner, deeper coloured ; the sulci pos- 02 240 teriorly quite obsolete in one of the valves; emargination almost obsolete. Xipixapi, W. Columbia, in sandy mud, 10 fathoms (Cuming) ; and Trinidad, W. Indies; Britain (?). Easily distinguished from Striata, by its closer and more delicate sulci, its less prominent beaks, and the absence of all radiation. It is also thicker and more opaque, and remarkable for the sight in- dentation which terminates the rather flattened space adjacent to the front dorsal edge, a character which is not possessed by any of the allied species. 34. Teta striata (pl.lxi. f.161.) Chemn., vol. x. p. 349. f. 1654-5; T. angulosa, Gmel. 3244; T. leta, Montagu, Test, Br. p. 57; T. punicea, in part, Zurt. Dic. ; Donax Martinicensis. Lam. (fide Deles. Rec. t. 6. f. 15.) T. testi ovali-subtrigond, solidiusculd, subpellucidd, convexius- cul, nitidd, aut albido-rosed radio roseo utrinque ornata, aut al- bid& radio flavescente ; concentricé sulcati, sulcis remotis, altera in valvula posticé evanescentibus ; margine ventrali paululum con- vexiusculo; dorsali utrinque declivi, anticé convexiusculo, posticé subrecto; latere antico longiore, postico truncato-cuneiformi ; extremitate anticd simplici, rotundaté; flexura costaque umbonali inconspicuis ; natibus acutis, pallidis ; ligamento prominente ; den- tibus ut in Puniced. Subangularly oval, moderately solid and convex, either pale pink with a roseate ray down the obsolete umbonal ridge (preceded by a paler streak) and a short roseate ray in front of the acute and prominent beaks, or white with the rays yellowish ; surface grooved by subimbricated distant sulci, which disappear on one of the valves at the truncate wedge-shaped hinder extremity; ventral edge but slightly convex; anterior side the longer, its extremity simply rounded and never indented, its dorsal edge but moderately sloping and slightly convex ; hinder dorsal edge sloping and nearly straight; flexure nearly obsolete; teeth as m Punicea. W. Indies ; Britain (?). The rays are never absent, and the anterior side is always the longer. Mr. Sowerby informs me, that this is the Ze//inides rosacea of King (Zool. Journ. vol. 5.), which is too briefly defined for re- cognition. TrLtma REGIA (pl. lx. f. 140.) Hanley, Zool. Proc. 1844. T. testi oblong’, tenui, compressiusculd, subimeequivalvi, sub- eequilaterali, nitidissima, pellucida, intus extusque roseo-purpuras- 241 cente ; concentricé sulcata, sulcis remotis, alter’ in valvula posticé evanescentibus ; margine ventrali subrecto, medio subretuso; dor- sali utrinque subzequaliter declivi, posticé subrecto; latere antico paululum breviore, ad extremitatem obtusé rotundato ; extremitate postica superné angulaté, attenuati; cost’ umbonali et flexura ventrali obsoletis; igamento prominulo; dentibus ut in Puniced. Oblong, thin, rather compressed, almost inequivalve, subequi- lateral ; extremely glossy, both externally and internally of a deep subpellucid purplish crimson; the surface marked with distant concentric grooves, which posteriorly become obsolete in one or both of the valves; the ventral edge nearly straight, subretuse in the middle; anterior side slightly the shorter, its extremity ob- tusely rounded; posterior extremity almost biangulated; dorsal moderately and almost equally sloping on either side of the beaks, nearly straight posteriorly ; umbonal ridge and flexure nearly obso- lete ; the ligament rather prominent; teeth as in Pwnicea. Most closely allied to Pwnicea, but its deep purplish red, and its more distant sulci suffice to distinguish it. From Princeps it differs by the absence of radiating strie; from Striata, by its slightly longer posterior side; from Audescens, by its colouring, and the lesser slope of the dorsal edges. Real Lleijos, Central America. 36. TELLINA EBURNEA (pl. lv. f. 91.) Hanley, Zool. Proc. 1844. T. testé oblong’, opacd, solidd, ineequivalvi, convex, nitida, albida, ineequilaterali; concentricé sulcata, sulcis profundis, remo- tis, (altera in valvulé, nonnunquam posticé evanescentibus) ; mar- gine ventrali convexiusculo, anticé sursum acclinato ; dorsali anticé subrecto, leviterque declivi, posticé recto subitoque declivi ; latere postico multum breviore, subcuneiformi; lineis erectis obliquis aream nymphalem et analem rugantibus ; ligamento brevi, promi- nente ; flexura ventrali costaque umbonali subobsoletis ; superficie interna’ candida; dentibus lateralibus, ut in Pwniced. Oblong, solid, opaque, rather inequivalve, convex, whitish, glossy, clearly inequilateral, with strong deep concentric sulci, which usually become obsolete in one of the valves, and which diverge and become elevated on passing the flattened space at the upper edge of the more convex valve; ventral edge very slightly convex, curving obliquely upward anteriorly; posterior side much the shorter, subcuneiform ; the ligamental edge straight, and abruptly sloping ; ligament short and promiment; fold and umbonal ndge almost obsolete ; inside pure white, teeth as in Punicea. R42 The peculiar elevated sulci on the dorsal areas, at once distin- guish it from all the allied species. Tumbez, Peru. 37. TeLLIna ALTERNATA (pl. Ix. f. 159.) Say, Jour. Ac. Phil. vol. i. p. 275; Amer. Conch. t. 65. f.1; Hanl. Des. Cat. p. 66. sup. t. 14. f. 9. T. testé oblongo-elongati, solidiusculd, mitidd, compressiuscula, alba aut albo-flavescente, (intus flav4) ; concentricé sulcata, sulcis remotis, profundis, ad costam umbonalem obsoletissimain alternatim evanescentibus ; margine ventrali subrecto; dorsali anticé declivi convexiusculo, posticé recto et multum declivi; latere postico manifesté longiore, ad extremitatem rotundato ; antico cuneiformi ; ligamento prominente ; flexuraé mconspicud ; dentibus tisdem ut in Puniced. Elongated-oblong, rather solid, and somewhat compressed, of a glossy opaque white or yellowish white, grooved concentrically with rather distant deeply impressed sulci, which alternately disappear in crossing the nearly obsolete umbonal ridge; ventral edge nearly straight ; anterior side much the longer, rounded at its extremity, its dorsal edge moderately slopmg in a convex line; posterior side cuneiform, its dorsal line being straight and greatly sloping; liga- ment prominent; fold indistmct; inside white, the teeth as in Punicea. In the only specimen I have ever seen of this shell, the striz are closer in one valve than in the other. In general appearance the shell is extremely hke S¢riata. South Carolina. 38. TELLINA RUBESCENS (pl. lx. f. 153.) Hanley, Zool. Proc. 1844. T. testa 7. Striate et Punicee similima, ab hic autem differt, testa tenuwiore anticee emarginationis experte, ab ill natibus obtu- sioribus et extremitate posticé minus attenuata; ab utrdque, super- ficie mitidissimé, igamento infosso, margineque dorsali convexiore et utrinque subeequaliter declivi; sulcis m utraque valvula posticé obsoletis ; dentibus ut in Pwniced, sed minimis, mconspicuis. Most closely allied to Striata and Punicea, but differmg from the former by the greater obtuseness of its beaks, and the lesser attenuation of its hinder extremity; from the latter by its more delicate texture and the absence of any anterior emargination ; from both, im the sunken ligament, the greater convexity and more equal slope of the dorsal edge. The sulci are obsolete posteriorly 243 in both the valves, and the whole surface is peculiarly glossy ; the teeth are as in Punicea, but very small and indistinct. Tumbez and Panama (Cuming). 39. Trttina prora (pl. lx. f.152.) Hanley, Zool. Proc. 1844. T. testa subtrigona, ovali, solidé, convexiusculA, subzequilaterali, nitida, extus intusque pallidé rosed; aut sublevigatd, aut concen- tricé et tenuissimé striat’; margine ventrali convexo; dorsali utrinque valdé et subsequaliter declivi, subrecto ; extremitate pos- ticd acuminata ; flexurd ventrali costaque umbonali subobsoletis ; ligamento prominulo; dentibus lateralibus magnis, antico ap- proxinato. Subtriangular, oval, tolerably convex, solid, glossy, nearly equi- lateral, uniform pink both within and without, becoming deeper towards the beaks, most delicately and regularly striated concen- trically ; ventral edge convex ; dorsal edges nearly equally sloping, slopes strong and scarcely at all convex ; posterior end acuminated ; fold and flexure nearly obsolete; ligament but little prominent, both slopes being slightly excavated; lateral teeth large, the anterior approximate. Porto St. Elena, and Salango, West Columbia. 40. Tetrina LaceRIDENS (pl.]xi. f.168 and 176. and pl. Ixvi. f. 258.) Hanley, Zool. Proc. 1844. T. testa oblongo-subtrigona, solida, opacd, subzequilaterali, niti- dissima, convexiuscula, alba (intus candida), superné levigata, in- ferné concentricé et confertim striata ; margine ventrali convexius- culo; dorsali utrimque convexiusculo, et subsqualiter declivi; extremitate anticd rotundata (plerumque subattenuata), posticd rotundato-acuminata ; costa umbonali et flexurd ventrali inconspi- culs ; ligamento magno, elongato, prominente ; dentibus primariis laceratis, antico laterali subapproximato, postico laterali minore, remoto. Var. Testé magis trigond, undique sulcis confertis excavata. Oblong subtriangular, solid, subequilateral, of an extremely glossy enamel-like opaque white surface, which is smooth near the beaks, and grooved closely towards the but slightly convex ventral margin; dorsal line nearly equally sloping on each side, the edges very slightly convex ; anterior extremity rounded (and in the typi- cal examples rather attenuated), posterior end obtusely acuminated ; fold and umbonal ridge obsolete; ligament large, elongated, and prominent ; inside white; the primary teeth minutely jagged, and 244 one of them rather large, anterior lateral rather approximate, pos- terior lateral smaller and distant. Tumbez, Peru. Var. More triangular, the close concentric sulci occupying the entire surface. Chiniqui, West Columbia. Its extraordinary teeth, large and elongated ligament, and either smooth or closely sulcated surface, suffice for its distinguishment. 4]. Terimva Mapacascartansts (pl. lx. f. 218.) Gmelin, 3237; Wood Gen. Conch. 169. t. 39. f. 2,3; List. 386. f. 233; T. rosea, Lam. no. 14; Hanl. Des. Cat. p. 63. t. 4. ff. 46. T. test ovaté, crassissima, convexi, subimpolita, pallidé rosea, leevigat&é; margine ventrali vix convexiusculo; dorsali utrique valde declivi; cost& umbonali lata, obtusi; latere antico manifesté breviore, postico subcuneiformi ; extremitate antici obtusa; super- ficie interna rosea, margine cardinali latissimo ; dentibus lateralibus subobsoletis, parvis, antico approximato, postico remoto ; impres- sionibus muscularibus fortiter impressis. Ovate, very thick, convex, rather dull, darker or paler pink, smooth, ventral edge but little convex ; anterior side somewhat the shorter, its extremity rounded, its slope moderate; posterior side subcuneiform, its extremity obtuse, its dorsal edge much sloping and slightly convex; umbonal ridge very obtuse ; ligament prominent; inside rosy, scars deeply impressed; hinge-margin very broad; lateral teeth subobsolete, small, anterior one approxi- mate, posterior distant. Madagascar. The figure in Lister is referred to by Spengler for his 7. rudis, but neither the locality he gives, nor the expression “ with coarse transverse striz,” will apply to this species. 42. Tutiina Toneana (pl. lun. f. 209.) Quoy and Gaimard, Astrolabe Zool. vol. 1. p. 498. t. 81. £11, 12, 13. T. testa oblonga, solida, subpellucidd, subequivalvi, convexa, subsequilaterali, nitidd, sublevigata, alb& (imtus albida), roseo ad nates radiaté, eodemque colore ad laterum extremitates ornatissimé picté; margine ventrali subarcuato, posticé sursum acclivi; dor- sali anticé vix declivi, posticé leviter declivi convexo; latere pos- tico paululum breviore, attenuato, subrostrato; flexura ventrali valde conspicua ; costé umbonali prominente ; umbonibus tumidis ; ligamento infosso; dentibus lateralibus haud magnis, subeequidis- tantibus. Oblong, solid, subequivalve, convex, subequilateral, rather pel- 245 lucid, nearly smooth, glossy, white, the beaks rayed with rose- colour, the extremities of the sides pink ; ventral edge subareuated, ascending posteriorly ; anterior side very slightly the longer, its dorsal edge scarcely sloping; posterior edge attenuated and some- what beaked, its dorsal side convex and moderately slopmg; the flexure and umbonal ridge very conspicuous ; umbones tumid ; liga- ment sunken ; inside whitish, a ligamental callus, and rather small and nearly equidistant lateral teeth. Tonga. 43. TELLINA ELEGANS (pl. Ixv. f. 241.) Gray in Wood’s Ind. Test. sup. t. 1. f.5; Hanl. Des. Cat. p. 62. t.1. £. 5. T. testa oblongo-elongati, valde tortuos4, subineequivalvi, sub- eequilaterali, solid’, polita, subventricosa, laevigata; mived, (intus albida) roseo radiat&, radiis latis versus margmem ventralem arcuatum et posticé acclinatum evanescentibus ; margine dorsali anticé convexiusculo et vix declivi, posticé leviter declivi et prope nates roseas subincurvato demde convexo ; latere postico paululum longiore, attenuato, leviter subrostrato ; extremitate postica rotun- dato-angulata ; ligamento brevi, pergrandi, prominente ; costa um- bonali obsoletissima ; dentibus parvis, antico subapproximato. Twisted, elongated-oblong, solid, rather imequivalve, subequi- lateral, subventricose, smooth, highly polished, white with broad rosy rays, which disappear towards the arcuated and posteriorly ascending ventral margin ; extremity of the anterior side rounded, its dorsal edge but shghtly sloping; posterior side very slightly the longer, attenuated, obtuse at the extremity; umbonal ridge quite obsolete ; ligament peculiarly large, short, and prominent ; inside white, the lateral teeth small and rather approximate. Gulf of Mexico. 44, Teuiina Raprata (pl. lxi. £.220,221.) Lom. Syst. 1117 ; Lam. no. 1; Chem. 6. f. 102; Wood, Gen. Con. t. 38. f. 2,3; Ency. Mét. t. 289. f. 2,3; Hanl.Des.Cat. p.61. t.4. £26; Knorr. vol. iv. t. 2. f. 2,4; T. unimaculata, Zam. no. 2. T. testa oblongo-clongata, subineequilaterali, haud tortuosa, sub- ventricosa, solidi, levi, polita, alba, (intus flavescente) radiis roseis latis plerumque ornat’; margine ventrali vix convexiusculo ; dor- sali anticé vix declivi, posticé subrecto et leviter dechivi; extremi- tate lateris antici longioris rotundata, lateris postici subattenuata, obtusé angulati; ligamento brevi, magno, prominente ; costa umbonali obsoletai; flexura ventrali conspicua; lunulé distincta, angusto-lanceolaté; dentibus lateralibus validis, subsequidistantibus. P 246 Var. test radiorum experte ; natibus roseis. Elongated-oblong, more or less ventricose, solid, not twisted, of a highly polished smooth white, with zones of very pale yellow, and generally with broad rosy rays; ventral margin scarcely con- vex ; anterior side rather the longer, its dorsal edge scarcely sloping, its extremity rounded; posterior side slightly attenuated, its extre- mity obtusely subangulated, its dorsal edge nearly straight and but slightly sloping; ligament short, large, and promment ; lunule distinct, elongated-lanceolate ; inside yellowish ; lateral teeth strong and nearly equidistant. West Indies. 45, Textina Brastnrana (pl. lx. f. 179.) Spengler, Skriv. Nat. Selskab. Kiobenh. 1798; T’. semizonalis, Lam. no. 3; Deles. t. 6. f.1; Hanl. Des. Cat. p. 61. sup. t. 11. £. 60. T. test& oblongo-elongati, ineequilaterali, solidd, convexiuscula, nitidA, pallidé roseo-violaced, levigaté ; margine ventrali subrecto ; dorsali antic vix declivi et paululum convexiusculo, posticé de- clivi et subrecto; latere antico longiore, producto; extremitate posticd obtusé angulaté; costé umbonali obtusa ; lunuli lanceolata angust’; superficie intern roseo-purpurascente, radiis duobus pallidioribus aut albis ad extremitatem posticam ornata; dentibus lateralibus remotis, postico parvo. Elongated-oblong, imequilaterat, solid, slightly convex, glossy, pale lilac, smooth; ventral margin nearly straight, slightly as- cending in front, its flexure distinct; the umbonal ridge obtuse ; anterior side much the longer, its dorsal slope very gentle; pos- terior extremity obtusely angulated, the dorsal edge nearly straight and moderately sloping; a narrow lanceolate lunule ; the inside of a purplish crimson with two pale or white rays at the posterior extremity ; teeth remote, equidistant, the posterior one small and rather mdistinct. Brazil (fide Spengler). 46. Textina punica (pl. lvi. f. 7.) Hanley, Zool. Proc. 1844. T. testa parva, solidd, ovato-subtrigona, subsequilaterali, mitidé, candida, sublavigata, tenuissimeé concentricé striaté ; marge ven- trali anticé arcuato, posticé subito sursum acclinato; dorsali utrinque valdé declivi, anticé convexo, posticé elongato et subrecto ; latere antico paululum breviore, subventricoso, rotundato ; postico compresso, rostrato; extremitate postica subacuminata; natibus prominentibus ; flexwrd ventrali costaque umbonali subinconspi- 247 cuis; ligamento minimo, infosso; superficie intern’ polité; den- tibus lateralibus distinctis, subapproximatis, subeequidistantibus. Small, ovate, subtrigonal, nearly equilateral but rather longer posteriorly, rather ventricose in front but compressed at the pos- terior end, tolerably thick, of a very glossy pure uniform white, with scarcely impressed concentric striz ; the ventral edge bulging out towards the rounder anterior extremity, but rising in rather a concave line towards the posterior end, which is strongly beaked and has the tips rounded but much attenuated; front dorsal edge convex and strongly sloping, ligamental edge elongated, nearly straight and strongly slopmg; beaks prominent; umbonal ridge and fold not conspicuous; ligament sunken and minute ; inside polished, the lateral teeth distinct and nearly equally subap- proximate. Catbalonga, Isle of Samar. 47. Turina Sowerstt (pl. lxin. f. 205.) Hanley, Zool. Proc. 1844, T. testa subellipticd, subzequivalvi, tenui, compressa, laevigata, polita, candidé; margine ventrali arcuato, posticé sursum accli- nato; dorsali anticé vix paululum declivi, convexiusculo, posticé paululum declivi et prope nates subincurvato, deinde convexo ; latere antico longiore, subproducto ; postico rotundato-acuminato ; hgamento parvo, angustissimo, infosso; flexura ventrali cost&éque umbonali subinconspicuis; superficie interna albida, plerumque aurantio tincté; dentibus lateralibus tenuibus, subeequidistantibus. Nearly elliptical, subinequivalve, compressed, highly polished, of an uniform smooth white (in some specimens with a tinge of rosy orange which increases in intensity towards the beaks) ; ven- tral edge arcuated, and rismg at the posterior extremity; anterior side decidedly the longer, its extremity rounded, its dorsal edge nearly horizontal; posterior side attenuated, but rounded at its termination, its dorsal edge a little sloping at first, shghtly icurved near the beaks, and then decidedly convex; ligament sunken, and very narrow ; inside usually tinged with orange; lateral teeth thin, and nearly equidistant. Australia. 48. Tevtia tata (pl. lxiv. f. 237.) Quoy et Gai. Astrol. Zool. vol. 3. p. 497. t. 81. £.8, 9,10; Lam. 2nd. ed. vol.6. p.108 ; Hanl. Des. Cat. p. 71. sup. t. 14. f. 13. T. testé subovali, inequilaterali, solidi, subsequivalvi, compres- siuscula, mtida, alba, subleevigata, rubro eleganter radiata; radiis P2 248 interruptis; margine ventrali convexo, utrinque (maximé auter posticé) sursum acchnato ; dorsali posticé valde declivi prope um- hones subincurvato moxque subrecto, anticé convexiusculo et paulo declivi; latere postico brevi, acuminato; antico producto, ad extremitatem rotundato-obtuso ; natibus acutis, rubro-roseis ; liga- mento infosso; superficie internd alb& aut flavescente ; dentibus lateralibus modicis, haud remotis. Large, suboval, subequivalve, inequilateral, strong, rather com- pressed, nearly smooth or marked with concentric striule; of a glossy white with brilliant rays of a rosy red ; ventral edge convex, rising at each extremity, but more particularly so at the posterior end which is short and acuminated ; anterior side produced, its extremity obtusely rounded, its dorsal edge but shghtly convex and little slopmg ; posterior dorsal edge greatly sloping, somewhat incurved near the rather acute beaks which are always rosy-red, and then nearly straight or but slightly convex ; ligament sunken ; inside usually tinged with yellow, lateral teeth moderately large and distant. South Seas. 49. Teriina cutoroteuca (pl. lx. f. 208, 210.) Lam. no. 15; Rumphius t. 45. f. 1. T. testi ovata, subtenui, convexd, mitidd, albida aut albido-fla- vescente, radiis multis angustis pallidé roseis ornati, subleevigata, (lineis obsoletis radiantibus sepe versus marginem ventralem strias concentricas confertissimas decussantibus) ; margine ventralt arcuato, posticé sursum acclivi; dorsali anticé convexo aut con- vexiusculo satisque declivi, posticé satis brevi convexiusculo et valdé declivi; latere antico longiore, ad extremitatem rotundato ; postico brevi, acuminato; natibus roseis, prominulis; costa um- bonali et flexur ventrali conspicuis; igamento angusto infosso ; superficie intern’ albido-flavescente ; dentibus lateralibus, distinctis, subsequidistantibus. Var. Radiis albidis et rubro-aurantiis picti; natibus vix roseis. Ovate, convex, rather thin, of a glossy yellowish white, with numerous interrupted narrow rays of a pale rose colour, nearly smooth, (often decussated towards the arcuated and posteriorly rising ventral margin with concentric striulee and obsolete radiating lines) ; anterior side the longer, its extremity rounded, its dorsal edge convex and moderately sloping; posterior side acuminated, very shghtly beaked and rather short, the dorsal edge but slightly convex and much sloping; beaks of a deep rose-colour and rather prominent; ligament narrow and sunken; umbonal ridge and 249 flexure distinct ; inside yellowish white ; lateral teeth distinct and nearly equidistant. Var. Rayed with orange-red and white ; beaks but shghtly if at all rosy. Isle of Negros, Philippines (Cuming). 50. Tartina Lavieata (pl. lxiv. f.225, 227.) Lon. Sys. 1117; Lin. Mus. Ulr. 480; Schroet. einl. t. 7. f£.10; List. t. 387. f. 234; Lam. no. 36; Hanl. Des. Cat. p. 68. T. test’ ovato-rotundataé, solid, subeequilaterali, nitida, convex, aut subventricosi, sublevigaté ; margine ventrali anticé arcuato, posticé sursum acclinato ; dorsali, anticé subdeclivi magis minusve convexo, postic® declivi et superné subretuso aut subrecto et in- ferné convexo; latere antico paululum longiore, rotundato, dila- tato; postico magis minusve angulato; natibus prominentibus ; pube striis lamellosis rugos4 ; ligamento mfosso ; flexura costique umbonali conspicuis ; cardine, dentibus lateralibus validis, subap- proximatis, subeequidistantibus. Var. a. Subalbidd, radiis roseo-aurantiis ornaté. Var. 4. (T. concinna, Phil. Ab. und Bes. Conch. part. 5. t. 5. £1.) Albida, marginibus intus extusque rubro-aurantiis. Rounded-ovate, solid, subequilateral, glossy, convex or subven- tricose, nearly smooth (there are obsolete crowded radiating lines, and frequently but not always minute very close raised concentric striule. towards the lower margin and at either extremity) ; ventral edge arcuated in front, greatly rismg behind ; anterior side rather the longer, rounded and dilated, its dorsal edge more or less con- vex and not much sloping; posterior side more or less angulated, its dorsal edge sloping and nearly straight or shghtly retuse above, but convex at its termination ; beaks prominent ; ligament sunken ; fold and flexure conspicuous ; lateral teeth strong, subapproximate, subequidistant. Var. a. Whitish, or flesh-coloured with rosy orange rays. Var. i. White with the edges alone of a bright orange red, and the umbones and interior usually tinged with yellow. An extremely variable species, with the beaks usually worn at the touching point. St. Thomas, West Indies. 51. Texiina semEN (pl. lvi.f. 8,) Hanley, Zool. Proc. 1844. T. test ovali, crass4, insequilaterali, subventricosd, mitida, albida (intus submargaritacea), anticé rotundata, posticé obtusa ; concen- tricé striatA, striis anticé subimbricatis confertissimisque, posticé 250 remotioribus et elevatis ; margine ventrali convexo; dorsali utrin- que convexo aut convexiusculo, anticé subdeclivi, posticé declivi ; latere antico multo longiore; natibus obtusis; igamento minimo, prominulo ; lunulé angustissimi; costé umbonali nulla, flexurd subobsoleté; dentibus lateralibus conspicuis, postico magis approx- imato. Var. Ovaté aut obovataé, margine dorsali utrinque magis declivi. Oval, thick, mequilateral, subventricose, glossy, whitish, with concentric striz, which in front are crowded and subimbricated, but behind are rather distant and elevated ; ventral edge convex ; dorsal edges more or less convex, the hinder one sloping, the front one but moderately so, anterior side much the longer, rounded (and sometimes attenuated) at its extremity ; posterior extremity obtuse ; ligament very small and rather promiment; a very narrow lunule ; beaks obtuse; flexure nearly obsolete ; side subnacreous ; lateral teeth distinct, the hinder much the closer. Var. Ovate or obovate, the dorsal edges more sloping. Were it not for the slight fold, it might easily be mistaken for a Donaz. 52. Tetnma prmacuata (pl. lvi. f. 16, 19, 20, 21, 22.) Lin., Sys. 1120; Chem. vol. vi. f. 127, 182. Dillwyn. D. Cat. p. 101. Encyc. Méth. t. 290. £.9,10. Donovan, Brit. Shells, t. 19. f. 1. Turt. Biv. Brit.t. 8. £5; Lam. no. 52; Hanl. Des. Cat. p. 71. t. 4. f. 83; T. sexradiata Lam. no. 53.; Hanl. Des. Cat. p. 71. sup. told tes. T. testa ovata ant ovato-rotundata, crass, convexé, nitidiuscula, levigatd, variis coloribus picté; margine ventrali convexo aut ar- cuato (seepe posticé paululum subincurvato) ; dorsali utrinque pau- lulum convexiusculo, anticé valde declivi, posticé brevi leviterque declivi; latere antico longiore, attenuato, ad extremitatem rotun- dato ; postico brevi, obtusé biangulato ; costa umbonali et flexura ventrali obsoletis; ligamento brevi, prominente; natibus acutis, nymphis prominentibus, incumbentibus; dentibus primariis per- magnis; lateralibus brevibus, crassis, subeequidistantibus, (ple- rumque obsoletis). Varying in shape from ovate to rounded ovate; thick, convex, slightly glossy, smooth ; ventral edge varymg from convex to ar- cuated, often shghtly meurved posteriorly ; himder side much the shorter, obtusely biangulated, its dorsal edge very short and but slightly slopmg; anterior side much attenuated, its extremity rounded, its dorsal edge much sloping and little convex, beaks in- clined ; ligament short but very prominent ; primary teeth large, 251 the lateral a however are usually obsolete), short, thick, and nearly equidistant. The varieties in colouring are too numerous to specify, the prin- cipal however, are are as follows ; violet, orange-red, white, yellow or pinkish red, (either uniform, or rayed with purple, the white specimens with usually two lateral crimson internal spots) ; whitish or yellowish with narrow interrupted violet rays often assuming the appearance of arrow-heads ; violet, rayed with white; whitish, with broad fawn-coloured and narrower purplish rays. Britain, and West Indies. 53. Tetoa Lucrnorpss (pl. lvi. f. 32.) Hanley, Zool. Proc. 1844. TT. testa suborbiculari, tenui, subzequilaterali, subventricos4, im- polita, intus extusque alba, striis concentricis tennissimis lineisque radiantibus minutissimis obsoleté decussatd, utrinque rotundata ; margine ventrali arcuato ; dorsali utrinque convexiusculo et subze- qualiter declivi; latere antico paululum longiore ; flexurd costAque umbonali obsoletis ; igamento angustissimo, infosso; dentibus la- teralibus magnis, eequidistantibus. Suborbicular, thin, subequilateral, rather ventricose, dull, both externally and internally white, with very delicate concentric strive and most minute radiating lineoles ; ventral margin strongly arcu- ated ; extremities rounded; dorsal edges nearly equally sloping and shghtly convex ; anterior side very slightly the longer; umbonal ridge and fold obsolete; ligament very narrow, sunken; lateral teeth distinct, equidistant. Not unlike the shell which is figured without a name in the 292nd plate (f. 8.) of the Encyclopédie Méthodique. Chain Island, South Seas. 54, Tenia nux (pl. lvi. f. 33.) Hanley, Zool. Proc. 1844. T. testa obovali, subineequivalvi, subzequilaterali, tenui, convex aut subventricosi, nitida, sublevigata aut inferné concentricé sub- striata, intus extusque albida, umbonibus hyalinis et fulvis; mar- gine ventrali subarcuato ; dorsali utrinque convexo, satis et eequaliter declivi; extremitate posticd obtusi, attenuati; ligamento angus- tissimo, infosso ; natibus obtusis ; flexurA distincté; cost& umbo- nali subinconspicua ; dentibus lateralibus distinctis, antico paululum propinquiore. Oboval, thin, slightly inequivalve, almost equilateral, from con- vex to subventricose, rather glossy, whitish both externally and 252 internally, with the umbones diaphanous and of a tawny orange- colour ; nearly smooth or merely substriated concentrically towards the somewhat arcuated ventral margin ; dorsal edges convex, equally and moderately slopmg on either side; beaks obtuse ; fold distinct; umbonal ridge almost obsolete ; posterior side obtuse and attenu- ated; ligament extremely narrow, sunken; lateral teeth distinct, the anterior slightly the nearer. Cagayan, Misamis, Mindanao; St. Nicolas, Zebu. More oval than the three succeeding allied species. 55. Tetnina prncuis (pl.lvi. £.34.) Hanley, Zool. Proc. 1844. T. testa parva, rotundato-ovali, tenui, subineequivalvi, subsequi- laterali, nitidé, convex aut subventricos4, intus extusque albida (rarius incarnat’), levigaté (nonnunquam concentricé substriata) ; margine ventrali arcuato, dorsali utrinque convexo et subsequaliter declivi; extremitate postici obtusi; flexura distinctéi; natibus minimis; costé umbonali feré obsoleté; igamento angustissimo, infosso; dentibus ut in Nwce. Rounded-oval, thin, rather mequivalve, nearly equilateral, from convex to subventricose, both externally and imternally whitish, or more rarely flesh-coloured, smooth, (sometimes concentrically substriated) ; the ventral edge arcuated ; the dorsal on each side nearly equally sloping and convex ; beaks minute ; ; fold distinct ; umbonal ridge almost obsolete ; posterior end obtuse; ligament extremely narrow and sunken ; teeth as in Vue. St. Nicolas, Zebu. By its more orbicular outline it may be distinguished from Nua and Casta. It is still more closely allied to Rodusta, but its tenuity, more obtuse hinder extremity, and the greater convexity and less sudden slope of the dorsal edges, suffice for its separation. 56. Tetiia rosusra (pl.lvi. £.2, 3.) Hanley, Zool. Proc. 1844. T. testi parva, rotundato-subtrigond, solid’, subinequivalvi, subeequilaterali, ventricos’, mitida, aut albo-flavescente, aut pallideé rosaced, sublevigata (plerumque inferius remoté substriatd) ; mar- gine ventrali valdé arcuato, dorsali utrinque subrecto et valdé de- clivi; latere postico attenuato, feré subrostrato, ad extremitatem acuminato; ligamento angustissimo, infosso; natibus distinctis, prominentibus, et recté incurvatis; umbonibus tumidis; flexura distinct; cost& umbonali feré obsoleté ; lunulé parva ; superficie interna, plerumque sub umbonibus, flavid’ aut rosei; deutibus ut in Nuce. 253 Rounded-subtrigonal, solid, rather inequivalve, nearly equila- teral, ventricose, of a glossy yellowish white, or pale rose-colour, nearly smooth, or marked in fresh specimens with distant striulee towards the extremely arched ventral margin; dorsal edges nearly straight and strongly sloping on either side; posterior side atten- uated, almost beaked, and obtusely acuminated at the extremity ; ligament extremely narrow and sunken; umbones tumid; beaks distinct, prominent, and incurved ; fold distinct ; umbonal ridge almost obsolete ; ; Inside usually yellow or rose-coloured at the um- bones; a small lunule; teeth as in Nuc. Isle of Annaa, South Seas, and Isle of Burias, Philippmes. Is closely allied to Nua, ‘Pinguis and Casta, but of a stouter texture even in the youngest individuals. The ligamental edge being nearly straight, easily separates it from Pingus, where it is decidedly convex. 57. Terira casta (pl. lvi. f. 9,) Hanley, Zool. Proc. 1844. T. testa obovali, tenuissima, subineequivalvi, subineequilaterali, pellucida, convexa, mitida, extus intusque candida, levigata ; mar- gine ventrali maximé arcuato ; dorsali utrinque subrecto, subsequa- liter satisque declivi ; extremitate posticé angusta, biangulata ; hgamento angustissimo, subinfosso; natibus acutis ; flexurd ven- trali costaque umbonali distinctis ; dentibus ut in Nuce. Oboval, extremely thin, shghtly mequivalve, nearly equilateral, convex, glossy, pellucid, white, smooth; ventral margin extremely arcuated ; the dorsal on either side nearly straight, moderately and nearly equally sloping; beaks acute; fold and umbonal ridge dis- tinct ; posterior extremity narrow and biangulated ; hg ament ex- tremely narrow and scarcely, if at all, projecting ; teeth as in Naw. Singapore. Bears some resem blance to Nua, but the shape is less broad, the ventral edge decidedly arcuated, the dorsal edges less convex and shorter, and the umbones colourless. 58. TeLiina BALAusTINA (pl. lvi. f. 10.) Zin. Sys. 1119. Poli. Test. Sic. vol. i. t. 14. f.17.; Lam. 2nd ed. vol. vi. p. 209; Phil. En. Mol. Sic. vol. i. p. 25); Hanl. Des. Cat. p. 72. sup. t. 9. £17; Lucina balaustina, Payr. Cat. Cors. t. 1. f. 21, 22. T. testi obovataé, aut suborbiculari, solidiusculd, convexd, miti- diuscula, albo-flavescente, radiis angustis rubris ornata, sublevigata, nonnunquam lineis elevatis concentricé striati; margine ventral: arcuato ; dorsali utrimque convexo aut convexiusculo, satisque de- Q 2 o4 clivi; latere antico vix paululum longiore, ad extremitatem rotan- dato; extremitate posticé obtusissimé subangulaté; natibus acutis, prominentibus, recté incurvatis ; ligamento angustissimo, infosso ; umbonibus plerumque flavis ; flexura ventrali_costéque umbonali satis conspicuis ; superficie interna flava; dentibus lateralibus magnis, subiequidistantibus. Shape varymg from obovate to suborbicular, moderately strong, decidedly convex, when quite perfect dull and covered with raised membranaceous concentric strie, but usually worn smooth and rather glossy; whitish or yellowish, with numerous narrow red rays and the umbones tinged with yellow; ventral edge arcuated ; both edges of the dorsal line convex and moderately sloping ; ; front ex- tremity rounded ; that of the scarcely shorter posterior side most obtusely subangulated ; beaks prominent and incurvated ; ligament extremely narrow and sunken; fold and umbonal ridge tolerably manifest ; inside yellow ; lateral teeth large and nearly equidistant. Mediterranean. 59. TELLINA OBLIQUILINEATA (pl.lvi. f. 11, and pl. lix. f.127.) Conrad, Jour. Ac. N.S. Philad. 7. T. testé parva, ovata, tenuiusculd, meequilateral, convex4, nitida, intus extusque flavescente aut rosaceo-incarnaté, tenuissimé striata ; striis obliquis et anticé flexuosis; margine ventrali subarcuato ; dorsali anticé arcuato et declivi, posticé longiore convexiusculo et angulum acutum cum margine ventrali formante; latere antico brevi, rotundato ; postico producto, acuuninato ; natibus ligamento que parvo prominulis ; flexurd costaique umbonali Inconspicuis ; dentibus lateralibus satis distinctis, subzequidistantibus, antico majore. Small, ovate, rather thin, very equilateral, glossy, convex, tinged both externally and ‘internally with yellow or rosy flesh colour, and most delicately but distinctly striated in oblique lines which become flexuous in front ; the ligament small and scarcely projecting ; the beaks rather prominent ; the umbonal ridge and the fold not conspicuous; anterior side short and rounded, the dorsal slope rather sudden and very convex; posterior side pro- duced, and rendered acuminated by the elongated and rather con- vex hgamental edge forming an acute angle with the rather areuated ventral ; lateral teeth distinct, neither very distant, the anterior decidedly larger. Sandwich Isles. 60. TeLLina AMPULLACEA (pl. lvi. f. 23, 24.) Philippi, (June 1844) Ab. und Bes. Conch. part 5. t. 5. £7; T. puella, Hanley, Zool. Proc. (November) 1844. T. testé inequilaterali, tenui, ventricosi, levi, nitidiusculd, extus intusque albido-rosed aut pallidé carned; margine ventrali anticé arcuato, posticé sursum acclinato; dorsali anticé primum retuso et vix declivi deinde arcuato satisque declivi, posticé primum sub- recto deinde convexiusculo et valde declivi; latere antico longiore, rotundato ; postico brevi, et obtusé angulato; flexurd costdque umbonali haud conspicuis sed satis distinctis; lunulA parva, im- pressi ; natibus obtusis; ligamento angusto, prominulo; dentibus parvis ; lateralibus remotis, subeequidistantibus. Ovate, thin, inequilateral, ventricose, smooth, rather glossy, pink or flesh-coloured both externally and internally ; ventral edge ar- cuated in front, rising posteriorly; dorsal edge convex and but little slopmg in front, slightly convex and much sloping behind ; anterior side the longer, rounded; posterior side short, narrowed and angulated ; umbonal ridge nearly obsolete, ventral flexure dis- tinct ; beaks obtuse; ligament rather prominent; teeth small, the lateral distant and nearly equally remote. Senegal. Dr. Philippr’s publication had not reached me at the date of my describing this very distinct species. 61. Tentina srrratuta (pl. lxi. f.175.) Lam. no. 33; Ene. Méth. t. 292. f.1; T. hippopoidea, Jonas, Ab. und Bes. Conch. part 3. t. 5. f. 1. T. testa sublenticulari, subobliqua, paululum subinzquivalvi, solidiuscula, subnitida, candida, sublevigati; margine ventrali valdé acuto, posticé sursum acclinato; dorsali antic convexo, satisque dechivi, posticé subrecto et valdé declivi; natibus acutis, prominentibus ; flexura ventrali subinconspicud ; are’ posticd dor- sali margimibus acutis costa umbonalis circumsepté, planulata aut subconcavi; ligamento infosso; latere antico longiore, rotun- dato; extremitate posticd breviter acuminat&; superficie intern’ nivea ; dentibus lateralibus magnis, antico approximato. Sublenticular, rather oblique, very slightly inequivalve, not very strong, convex, slightly glossy, white, nearly smooth, (being only marked with most indistinct minute radiating lines near the arcu- ated ventral margin which rising upward posteriorly almost forms a rectangle with the nearly straight and strongly sloping ligamental edge ; front side the longer, extremity rounded, dorsal"edge convex and moderately sloping; beaks acute and prominent, slightly curving 2Q 256 forwards ; ligament sunken ; edges of the almost terminal umbonal ridge acute, the intervening space flattened or concave; fold not conspicuous ; inside pure glossy white; lateral teeth large, the anterior approximate. St. Nicholas, Zebu. The Inflata of Chemnitz (6. f. 86.) is very like this species, but TI do not venture to assert its identity, as the figure certainly differs in some respects, and neither Lamarck nor Philippi, although both conversant with the figure, have quoted it. 62. TELLINA DELTOIDALIs (pl. lx. f. 128 and pl. Ixiv. f.229.) Lam. no. 49; Hanl. Des. Cat. p. 70. sup. t. 13. f. 3; T. lactea, Quoy et Gai. Voy. Astrol. Zool. vol. 3. p. 501. t.81. £14, 15, 16; Deles. t. 6. f. 7. T. test& subtrigona, ovatd, obovata, aut suborbiculari, solida, sub- ineequivalvi, convex4, subaequilaterali, impolita aut vix mtidiuscula, intus extusque albidd, sublevigatéi; margine ventrali m medio subrecto, utrinque sursum acclivi; dorsali anticé vix declivi, pos- ticé valdé declinente incurvato; latere postico subcuneiformi, ad extremitatem subangulato; extremitate antici obtus’i; natibus prominentibus, recté incurvatis ; flexurd costéque umbonali dis- tinctis; ligamento magno, infosso; dentibus lateralibus parvis, antico approximato, postico remoto plerumque subobsoleto. Var. Latere antico haud dilatato; margine dorsali anticé magis declivi, posticé recto haudque meurvato. Shell varying in shape from ovate-triangular to suborbicular- triangular, solid, slightly nequivalve, convex, subequilateral, scarcely if at all glossy and usually quite dull chalky white, nearly smooth or only marked with rather strong lines of growth; ventral mar- gin sloping upward at both ends, nearly straight m the middle ; fold and umbonal ridge distinct ; beaks prominent and incurved ; ligament large but sunken; anterior side dilated, obtuse, dorsal slope slight; posterior side somewhat wedge-shaped (at times almost subrostrated), its dorsal edge mcurved and very strongly sloping, its extremity subangulated and much attenuated ; lateral teeth small, the anterior approximate, the posterior distant and often almost obsolete. Var. Ligamental edge not incurved but straight ; anterior side not dilated, slope stronger, and extremity rounded. Australia. 63. Tetiina rausta (pl. Ixiv. f. 230, 234) Donovan, vol. 3. t.98; Dor. Cat. t. 5. £5; Dillwyn D. Cat. p. 94; Hanl. Des. Cat. 257 p. 68. t.4. £68; T. levis, Wood, Gen. Con. p. 181. t. 37. f. 1; T. remies, Born, p. 36. t. 2. f.11; Lam. no. 31; List. t. 266. f. 102 T. testa ovato-suborbiculari, solidA, convex’ aut subventricosa, impolita, albid& ; concentricé striata, striis tenuibus, confertissimis, ad umbones posticéque obsoletis; lineis verticalibus interruptis fissureeformibus notatd ; margine ventrali convexo vel subarcuato ; dorsali_ posticé subrecto (plerumque subincurvato) declivi, antic’ prope umbones retuso, demde convexo, satisque declivi; latere postico breviore, subbiangulato; extremitate anticA rotundatd ; natibus prominentibus, acutis; ligamento maximo, prominente ; flexura ventrali satis distinct’; superficie internd nitidi, plerumque flavescente ; dentibus lateralibus magnis, antico approximato. Var. Obovata, extus flavescente, intus flava. Rounded-ovate, sold, varying from convex to subventricose, dull whitish, with vertical fissure-like interrupted lines, and crowded concentric fine strie, which latter become obsolete on the umbones and posteriorly ; ventral edge varying from convex to subarcuated ; beaks prominent and acute, with a forward inclination; fold tolerably distinct ; ligament very large, projecting; anterior side rounded, rather the longer, the dorsal edge at: first slightly concave and then convex and moderately sloping; posterior end nearly biangulated, the dorsal edge nearly straight (usually imcurved) and rather strongly slopmg; inside glossy, white, or tinged with yellow ; lateral teeth large, anterior approximate. Var. Obovate, yellowish; within deep yellow. West Indies. 64. Tera piscus (pl. xiv. f.228, 232) Hanley, Zool. Proc. 1844. T. testi 7. remiei simillima, sed subobliqud et sulcis concen- tricis valdé irregularibus vixque continuis; natibus haud recté incurvatis ; margine dorsali posticé elevatiore, anticé prope nates prominulas subincurvato; umbonibus levigatis; extremitate pos- ticd angulata. Var. Test’ magis compress4; sulcis concentricis haud rudibus, et versus marginem ventralem solum conspicuis. In sculpture, colour, and general shape extremely like Remies, but appearing oblique from the beaks having a forward inclination, and the anterior dorsal edge being slightly incurved ; posterior dor- sal edge the more elevated, longer than in the last species ; pos- terior extremity distinctly angulated; ventral edge slightly as- cending posteriorly ; beaks rather prominent. 258 Var. More depressed, the sulci less coarse and only visible near the ventral margin. Isle of 'Ticao, Philippines. 65. Terria remiss (pl. Ixiv. f. 226.) Zin. Sys. 1119; Lin. Mus. Ulr. p.482 ; Chem. vol.6. £.113 ; Wood, Gen.Conch. p. 182. t. 38. f.1; Dillw. D. Cat. p. 94; Hanl. Des. Cat. p. 67. sup. t. 1. f.2; T. suleata, Zam. no. 32; T. convexa, Wood, Ind. Test. Sup. tol ise: T. testi suborbiculari, solidissima, meequivalvi, equilateral, ventricos4, subimpolité, extus intusque albidi, epidermide tenw fulvo-cinereA aut fulvo-fusci indutaé ; superné concentricé striolata, inferne concentrice sulcata, sulcis latis, profundis, rudibus ; mar- gine ventrali valdé arcuato ; dorsali utrinque subrecto, anticé pau- lulum, posticé satis dechivi ; latere antico rotundato ; postico su- perné subangulato; ligamento satis magno, prominente ; lunulé nulla; natibus obtusis et recté incurvatis ; flexuré ventrali conspi- cui; costé umbonali subobsolet’; dentibus magnis, validis, antico laterali quamplurimum approximato, postico permagno subremoto. Suborbicular, very solid, inequivalve, equilateral, ventricose, scarcely glossy, whitish both within and without (covered when fresh with a dull yellowish brown epidermis), most delicately stri- ated concentrically near the obtuse and incurved beaks, but very coarsely grooved towards the regularly arcuated ventral edge ; an- terior side rounded, its dorsal edge nearly straight or very shghtly convex and but little sloping; posterior side subangulated above, its dorsal edge moderately declining and straight or subretuse ; fold obscure, flexure conspicuous ; ligament large and prominent ; no lunule; teeth large and strong, the front lateral as close as possible, the hinder very large and rather distant. Baclyon, Isle of Bohol (Cuming) ; Amboyna; Australia. 66. TeLLINa cyRENOIDEA (pl. lvi. f. 31) Hanley, Zool. Proc. 1844. T. testA. suborbiculari, solidiuscula, ineequivalvi, valdé ineequi- laterali, subventricosi, sordidé albi (mtus sub umbonibus_pur- pured), concentric’ costellat&; striis minutis oblique radiantibus costellas confertas posticé decussantibus; margine ventrali ar- cuato; dorsali utrinque valdé et subrecté dechvi, anticé brevi, posticé longiore ; latere antico breviore, obtusé rotundato ; extre- mitate posticA obtus’, paululum attenuata ; natibus prominentibus ; lunulA distinct; ligamento infosso; flexura costique umbonali 259 obsoletissimis : dentibus lateralibus parvis, distinctis, subsequidis- tantibus. Suborbicular, tolerably solid, inequivalve, very inequilateral, rather ventricose, hardly at all glossy, dirty white, with regular close-set narrow concentric ribs, which posteriorly are decussated by minute rather oblique radiating striule; ventral edge arcuated ; anterior side the longer, its dorsal edge strongly sloping, rather long, nearly straight, its extremity rounded ; posterior end obtusely rounded, slightly subangulated above, by the short straight and much sloping dorsal edge; beaks prominent ; fold and umbonal ridge obsolete ; ligament sunken; a purple internal stain beneath the umbones ; lateral teeth small, but distinct, subequidistant and rather close. St. Nicolas, Isle of Zebu. 67. Tuttrva spLenpipa (pl.lvi. f.39.) Anton, Verz.Conch. p.5. T. testa suborbiculari, solidiusculA, subinzequivalvi, inaequilate- rali, convexd, nitidd, albido-flavescente, prope umbones subceru- lescente aut purpureo tinctd; antic profundé et concentricd sulcata, dein striis subradiantibus remotis obliqué exarata, et in valva sinistrA posticé concentricé striaté; margine ventrali subarcuato; dorsali utrinque subrecté declivi, anticé brevi; extremitate antic obtusd rotundaté, superné angulat&; latere postico longiore, ad extremi- tatem rotundatam subattenuato; ligamento infosso; cost’ umbo- nali obsoleta ; flexurd ventrali subinconspicud ; superficie intern’ purpurea; dentibus lateralibus parvis, distinctis, subapproximatis, antico magis approximato. Suborbicular, tolerably strong, rather inequivalve, inequilateral, glossy (usually, as in the succeeding species, coated here and there with a dark rust-like substance), yellowish white assuming a pale blueish or purplish cast towards the beaks ; with strong rather dis- tant concentric anterior grooves, followed by deep and not very close oblique radiating ones, which terminate posteriorly in one valve in fine close concentric strie ; ventral edge rather arcuated - anterior extremity obtusely rounded and rather angulated by the very short straight and much sloping dorsal edge ; posterior side the longer, rather attenuated at its rounded extremity, the dorsal slope strong and nearly straight; ligament sunken and small; flexure not conspicuous; umbonal ridge obsolete; inside purple; lateral teeth small but distinct, close, anterior one the more so. Basay, Isle of Samar ; coarse sandy mud, four fathoms ; (Cuming). 68. Tertiwa SunuGarensis (pl. lvi. f. 17.) Hanley, Zool. Proc. 1844. 260 T. testa 7. splendide@ simillima, sed strus sulcisque exilioribus et magis confertis; utraque valvulé striis arcuatis obliquis ad extremitatem posticam notati; superficie internd purpured, albo posticé biradiata. Extremely like the last, but in addition to the superior delicacy and more crowded arrangement of both sulci and striz, the pos- terior end is distinguished by the possession of those curved ob- lique strie which we perceive less distinctly in Carnaria; the inner surface is adorned posteriorly with two white or pale rays on a purplish ground. Senegal. 69. Terma carnarta (pl. lvi. f. 37, 38.) Lin. 1119; Chem. vol. 6. f. 126; Wood, Gen. Conch. t. 40. f. 4; List. t. 339. £176. Hanl. Des. Cat. p. 72. t. 4. f£. 79; Lucina carnaria, Lam. no. 8 ; Strigilla carnaria, Zur¢t. Brit. Biv. p. 117. t. 7. £15. T. testa suborbiculari, convexd, subineequivalvi, inzequilaterali, solidiuscula, nitida, albido-rosea, (intus rosea), varié et exiliter stri- ata, striis medio obliquis, radiantibus, ad latus posticum spectan- tibus ; anticé flexuosis et cum striis mediis angulum formantibus ; posticé tenuissimis, confertissimis, arcuatis (nonnunquam subob- soletis, et cum striis mediis angulum acutissimum formantibus) ; margine ventrali subarcuato; dorsali utrinque subrecto, declivi, anticé brevi, posticé elongato; extremitate anticd obtusa, superné subangulata; latere postico valdé longiore, attenuato, ad extremi- tatem rotundato; flexura costique umbonali obsoletis ; dentibus lateralibus distinctis, subeequidistantibus. Suborbicular, convex, moderately strong, glossy, pink, rose-co- loured, or whitish more or less tinged with pink, most delicately striated in various directions; strie on the anterior area very flexuous and forming an angle with those on the central area, which obliquely radiate posteriorward ; striz on the posterior slope extremely fine, curved, and meeting at a very acute angle ; ventral edge arcuated; anterior side much the shorter, its extremity obtuse, and subangulated above, its dorsal edge short and moderately sloping, posterior extremity rounded and narrowed, the dorsal edge greatly sloping and nearly straight; a small lunule; ligament sunken ; umbonal ridge and flexure nearly obsolete; beaks in- curved; inside rosy; lateral teeth distinct and nearly equidistant. W. Indies ; W. Columbia. The shell is deeper from the umbones to the ventral margin, than in Splendida ; the posterior and central striee are often divi- ded by a smooth radiating space. 261 70. Tentina stnopra (pl. lix. f. 144.) Hanley, Zool. Proc. 1844. T. testa 7. Carnaria stmillima, sed majore, latiore, compressa et albida ; striis tenuioribus ; ligamento valdé angusto ; natibus pau- lulum ad latus anticum spectantibus ; margine ventrali solum sub- arcuato ; dentibus lateralibus conspicuis, subequidistantibus. Extremely hke Carnaria, but larger, broader, white and depressed; the ligament extremely narrow ; sculpture still finer, beaks slightly curved forward, ventral edge less arcuated ; lateral teeth conspi- cuous and subequidistant. N. W. Coast of America, (Dr. Sinclair). 71. Tetiina prsirorMis (pl. lvi. f. 30.) Zin. Syst. 1120.; Dillwyn. D. Cat. p. 102. ; Wood. Gen. Con. p. 194. T. testa parva,suborbiculari, solidiuscula, ventricos4, nitidiusculé, albido-rosed ; obliqué substriatd, striis posticé angulo acuto re- flexis ; margine ventrali convexo; dorsali anticé brevi subrecto et paululum declivi, posticé convexo et valdé declivi; extremitate antic’ obtusa ; latere postico longiore, rotundato ; natibus promi- nentibus; umbonibus extus intusque roseis; flexurd costfique umbonali obsoletis; dentibus lateralibus distinctis, subzequidis- tantibus. Var. Testi majore, pallidé lutea. j Small, subglobose, tolerably strong, but slightly glossy, both within and without of a pinkish white with the umbones rosy, ob- liquely substriated, the strie curving posteriorwards, except over the umbonal slope, (which, as well as the fold, is quite obsolete) where they are met at acute angles by another set with a slight anterior inclination; ventral edge simply convex; front dorsal edge very short, nearly straight, and scarcely sloping, the hinder one convex, and greatly sloping ; anterior extremity obtuse ; pos- terior side the longer and narrower, tip rounded ; beaks very pro- minent ; lateral teeth distinct, and nearly equidistant. Var. Larger, and of an uniform pale yellow. W. Indies. The Cardium discors of Montagu, which has erroneously been inserted in the British Fauna, is evidently this or the succeeding species. 72. Tevtoa Fiexvosa (pl. lvi. f. 28, 29.) Say. Journ. Ac. N.S.; Philad. vol. 11. p.303.; Hanl. Des. Cat. p.2; T. mirabilis, Philippi, Wiegm. Archiv. f. nat. 1841. p. 260. R T. testi 7. pisiformi simillimé, pallidiore autem et margine ven- trali magis arcuato; striis obliquis, fortioribus, flexuosis, posticé bis terve m ziczac flexis ; igamento mimimo, Extremely like 7. pisiformis, but paler and more arcuated at the ventral margin; the oblique striz are flexuous and more deeply impressed than in that species, and at the posterior extremity se- veral times change their direction at acute angles, thus forming numerous zigzag lines ; the ligament is minute and not prominent. United States. 73. Tenia rimBriata (pl. lx. f. 132.) Hanley, Zool. Proc. 1844. T. test obovato-suborbiculari, solida, convex4, impolité, intus extusque candida, striis concentricis confertissimis lamellosis fim- briatis et lineis radiantibus confertis decussaté; margine ventrali arcuato, posticé sursum acclinato ; dorsali utrmque convexiusculo, anticé subdeclivi, posticé valdé declivi; latere antico longiore, ro- tundato ; extremitate posticA brevi, angulat&; costa umbonali valde conspicud; ligamento infosso; Iunulé distincté; dentibus latera- libus subremotis, subeequidistantibus. Rounded-obovate, solid, convex, very mequilateral, dull white, with extremely delicate crowded lamellar strive, which are fringed by the intersection of radiating lines; one of the valves projecting beyond the other at the beaks; ventral margin arcuated and rising posteriorly ; anterior side the longer and rounded, its dorsal edge moderately convex and sloping ; posterior side short and angulated, the ligamental edge strongly sloping and tolerably convex ; fold very prominent; ligament sunken; a distant lanceolate lunule ; inside white ; lateral teeth rather remote and subequidistant. Mus. Cuming. 74. Tetra pecussata (pl. lx. f. 184.) Lam., no. 45.; Hanl. Des. Cat. p.70.; Encye. Méth. t. 292. f.2.? T. testA suborbiculari, subeequilaterali, solid’, convex& aut sub- ventricosa, impolita, sordidé alba, striis concentricis costellas radi- antes decussantibus; striis elevatis, confertissimis, tenuissimis ; costellis numerosis, paululum obsoletis ; margine ventrali arcuato ; dorsali utrinque declivi, anticé convexo, postice convexiusculo ; la- tere antico rotundato ; postico obtusé angulato ; hgamento infosso; natibus prominulis ; flexura cost&ique umbonali inconspicuis ; den- tibus lateralibus magnis, antico propinquiore. Var. Testi majore, candida; stris magis elevatis et minus con- ertis; margine dorsali postico elevatiore. 263 Suborb#ular, solid, nearly equilateral, from convex to subventri- cose, dull dirty white, sculptured with numerous somewhat obso- lete radiating costelle, which are decussated by very fine raised crowded concentric strie ; ventral edge arcuated ; the dorsal sloping from the rather prominent beaks on either side, and rather the more convex in front ; anterior side rounded, posterior obtusely subangu- lated ; ligament sunken, fold and umbonal ridge not conspicuous ; inside white ; lateral teeth large, the front one the nearer. Var. Larger, white; the hinder (and not as in the type,) the front), dorsal edge the more elevated ; the striee more elevated and rather more distant. Australia; the variety from Ceylon. 75, THLLINA CARNICOLOR, (pl.lvi. f.15.); T. incarnata Haney, Zool. Proc. 1844. T. testa obovaté, subobliqua, inequilaterali, ventricos’, solid4, incarnat&é aut albido-rosed, impolité; striis elevatis concentricis tenuissimis strias radiantes elevatas confertissimé decussantibus ; margine ventrali arcuato, posticé sursum accliviore ; dorsali anticd declivi et prope nates paululum incurvato, posticé elevatiore subar- cuato et subito declivi ; latero antico longiore, rotundato ; extremi- tate postica rotundato-angulata ; ligamento angusto, parvo, infosso ; natibus acutis, prominentibus ; flexura costAque umbonali subobso- letis ; lunula lanceolata’; superficie internd flavescente, margines versus subrose’ ; dentibus lateralibus maximis, subeequidistantibus. Obovate, rather oblique, dull, solid, ventricose, pinkish white, or flesh-coloured, closely decussated by elevated radiating, and by fine concentric lamellar striz ; ventral edge arcuated, and ascending posteriorly ; anterior side the longer, its extremity rounded and slightly attenuated, its dorsal edge sloping, and near the acute and prominent beaks, somewhat incurved ; hinder extremity subangu- lated, the more elevated ligamental edge sloping rather suddenly, and in an arcuated line ; ligament small, narrow, and sunken ; um- bonal ridge and fold nearly obsolete ; a lanceolate lunule ; inside yellowish, pink near the margins; lateral teeth very large and nearly equidistant. San Nicolas, Zebu. In almost every adult specimen the tips of the beaks are chalky white, the umbones yellow, and the ligamental edge rosy. I had inadvertently designated this shell with a pre-occupied name. 76. TeELLINA GARGADIA (pl. Ixi. f. 156 and pl. Ixii. f. 181,) R 2 264 Tin. Sys. 1116; Lin. Mus. Ulr. 476. Chemn. vol. viet. 63, 64; Lam. no. 40; Hanl. Des. Cat. p. 69. t. 3. f. 1. T. test4 ovaté, solidi, compressiusculd, nitidiusculé, candida ; margine ventrali areuato ; dorsali anticé subrecto et valdé declivi, posticé elevatiore valdé declivi paululum convexiusculo dentato ; latere antico longiore, angustato, rotundato; extremitate postica, obtusé biangulaté ; lunulé aredque ligamentali excavatis ; natibus acutis, prominentibus, ligamento infosso; dentibus lateralibus va- lidis, eequidistantibus. Var. a. Sulcis irregularibus, rudioribus, subobliquis, concentri- cis, posticé exaratd ; lineis subobliquis, exilibus, concentricis, antice striata. Var. 4. Sculptura obsoletissima. Ovate, solid, rather compressed, and not very glossy, uniform white; ventral edge arcuated ; anterior side the longer, attenuated but rounded at its extremity ; its dorsal slope sudden, and nearly straight ; hinder side obtusely subangulated, its dorsal edge toothed, rather short and scarcely convex, the slope sudden; ligament sunken ; lunule and lozenge excavated ; beaks acute and prominent ; fold and umbonal ridge by no means conspicuous ; inside white, or yellowish white; the lateral teeth strong and subequidistant. Var. a. Hinder side roughened by coarse irregular rather ob- lique concentric grooves ; anterior surface traversed by more or less delicate rather obliquely concentric striz. Var. 4. Sculpture almost entirely obsolete, but usually discermble on one of the areas. Siquijor, Philppimes, (Cuming), &c. 77. Tetiina sprnosa (pl. lvui. f. 40.) Hanley, Zool. Proc. 1844: T. testA ovata, solidiuscula, subimpolité, ineequilaterali, convex- iuscula, extus intusque albida, striis minutis elevatis confertissi- mis concentricé asperata ; margine ventrali arcuato, posticé sursum acclinato, dorsali posticé elevatiore convexo et declivi, antice prope nates acutas subincurvato, demde subrecto subdeclivi; latere pos- tico brevi; extremitate antici rotundaté; extremitate posticd spi- narum duabus vel tribus seriebus radiantibus serraté ; lunulé parva distinct’ ; ligamento infosso ; dente laterali antico subapproximato, postico remoto. Ovate, moderately strong, mequilateral, not very convex, dull whitish, with minute elevated crowded concentric strie ; ventral edge rather arcuated, and rising behind ; anterior side the longer, its extremity rounded, its dorsal edge slightly incurved near the 265 acute beaks and then straightish, (or slightly convex), and mode- rately sloping ; posterior side short, and armed at its extremity with two or three rows of radiating serrated spines, its dorsal edge con- vex and sloping ; ligament sunken ; a small distinct lunule ; inside white, the anterior lateral tooth slightly the closer, posterior distant. Island of Ticao. 78. TrLttIna crassa (pl. Ixi. f. 169, 173.) Pennant, Brit. Zool. vol. iv. p. 73. t. 48. f. 28 ; Wood Gen. Cone. p. 186. t. 40. f.1; Turt. Biv. Brit. p. 109. t. 7 f. 2; Lam. no. 35; Hanl. Des. Cat. p. 68. t.4. £75; List. t. 299. f. 136; T. rigida Don. Br. Sh. vol. 3. t. 103. T. testa rotundato-ovali, subobliqua, solida, inzequivalvi, subven- tricosi, impolita, albida, radiis angustis rubris plerumque ornatd, sulcis rudibus concentricé exaraté; margine ventrali arcuato ; dor- sali utrinque declivi, convexo, posticé elevatiore, anticé convexiore ; latere antico longiore, rotundato, prominente ; postico abbreviato, ad extremitatem obtuso ; cost4 umbonali obsoleta ; natibus incum- bentibus ; lunula parva, excavata ; ligamento infosso; flexurA dis- tincta ; superficie mterna plerumque aurantia, (rarius albida) ; dentibus laterahbus magnis, antico subapproximato; cicatricibus muscularibus profundé impressis. Roundish oval, slightly oblique, inequivalve, very imequilateral, rather ventricose, dull white, almost always adorned with narrow red rays, and concentrically and coarsely grooved ; the ventral edge arcuated ; the anterior side the longer, its dorsal edge arcuated, its extremity rounded and projecting; the posterior side rather short, its dorsal slope very sudden and very convex, its tips most obtusely subangulated; the umbonal ridge obsolete; ligament sunken ; fold distinct; the beaks recurved anteriorwards; the lunule small and excavated ; inside usually stained with orange, very rarely white ; the lateral teeth large, the anterior one rather approx- imate ; muscular impressions deeply impressed. Britam ; Europe. The 7. maculata of Turton (Biv. Brit.) isa young discoloured specimen of this species. 79. TeLLiva PLectRuM (pl. Ixi. f.177.) Hanley, Zool. Proc. 1845. T. testa obovata, solid4, convexiusculd, subzequilaterali, impolita, intus extusque albida, lamellis confertis concentricis undique as- perata ; interstitiis levibus ; margine ventrali arcuato ; dorsali utrin- que subrecto, subdeclivi (in junioribus declivi) ; extremitate anticd 266 rotundata ; latere postico vix paululum longiore, biangulato ; na- tibus acutis; cost’ umbonali prominulié; ligamento mfosso (?) ; lunula distincté; dente laterali antico majore postico parvo et remotiore. Obovate, solid, moderately convex, nearly equilateral, not po- lished, white, the entire surface covered with regular, distinct, short and crowded lamellee, the mterstices smooth ; ventral edge arcuated ; anterior side very slightly the shorter, extremity rounded ; posterior extremity biangulated ; ; dorsal edges straightish, and not greatly sloping ; beaks acute ; ’ ligament sunken (? ); fold not prominent ; a distinct lunule ; inside white, the front lateral tooth distinct, the hinder small and remote. A single valve in the collectiou of .J EH. Gray, Esq. is all T have ever seen of this distinctly characterized species, [ am consequently unable to state whether it be equivalve or not. 80. Teriina scopinata (pl. lxvi. f. 235.) Lam. Syst. 1119; Lin. Mus. Ulr. 482 ; Chem. vol.6. f.122-124; Wood, Gen. Conch. p- 180. t. 35. £1; ‘Lam. no 34; Hanl. Des. Cat. p. 68. t. 4. £. 67. T. testa suborbiculari, ineequivalvi, sold, sequilaterali, ven- tricosi. aut subventricos’, impolité, albida, maculis brunneis un- datis radiata aut nebulosi, tuberculis, squamosis confertis undique asperaté; margine ventrali arcuato; dorsali utrinque subdeclivi et leviter convextusculo ; : extremitate antici rotundaté, postica obtusé subangulatéi; cost& umbonali distincti, obtusi; lunula excavata, lanceolati; flexura ventrali conspicué; ligamento de- presso ; disco interno albido-flavescente ; dentibus lateralibus vali- dissimis, subeequidistantibus. Suborbicular, solid, imequivalve, equilateral, more or less ven- tricose, dull whitish clouded or rayed with wavy brown markings, and rough with small crowded rasp-hke tubercles which become almost spinous beyond the distinct but obtuse umbonal ridge ; fold conspicuous ; ligament depressed ; a lanceolate excavated Tunule: anterior side rounded, the dorsal edge scarcely convex and little sloping; hinder side with the extremity obtusely subangulated, the dorsal edge nearly straight and moderately sloping ; inside yellowish white ; the lateral teeth very strong and subequidistant. Society Islands and Philippines ; (Cuming). 82. TELLINA LINGUA-FELIS (pl. xiv. f. 236.) Lim. Sys. 1116 ; Lin. Mus. Ulr. p. 476; Knorr, vol. 2. t.2.f.1; Wood, Gen. Conch. t. 40. £.2,3; Lam. no. 37; Hanl. Des. Cat. p. 69. t. 3. f. 2. T. test obovata, subventricosa, solida, subeequilaterali, albida, 267 roseo radiata, impolit’, squamis tubercularibus confertis undique asperrima ; margine ventrali posticé arcuato, anticé sursum acclivi; dorsali anticé convexiusculo et paululum declivi, posticé elevatiore convexo et valde declivi; latere postico breviore, subrostrato ; ex- tremitate anticA rotundati; natibus acutis, roseis aut roseo-pur- pureis, incumbentibus ; lunuld excavaté, lanceolaté ; cost’ umbo- nali et flexura conspicuis ; ligamento infosso; dentibus lateralibus validis, subeequidistantibus. Obovate, rather ventricose, crowded with rasp-like scales, solid, white with crimson rays and the beaks of the same colour; ante- rior side rather the longer, its extremity rounded, its dorsal edge slightly convex and little sloping; hinder side slightly beaked, the ligamental edge the more elevated convex and deeply sloping ; ventral edge much arcuated in front, ascending posteriorly ; flex- uosity and umbonal ridge conspicuous ; beaks acute, inclined for- wards; lunule deeply impressed, lanceolate; lateral teeth strong, subequidistant. Isle of Negros, Philippines ; (Cuming). 82: Terrmna Rucosa (pl. Ixiv. f. 233, 238.) Born, p. 29. t. 2. £. 8, 4; Wood, Gen. Conch. t.41. £.2,3; Lam. no.38; Hanl. es. Cat. p. 69. t. 3. £. 8. T. testa obovata, meequivalvi, subzequilaterali, solida, subventri- cosa, intus extusque alba (rarius roseo-purpurascente aut aurantia) ; subconcentricé rugosi, rugis erectis flexuosis interruptis, strius radiantibus minutissimis decussantibus ; margine ventrali anticé arcuato; dorsali anticé paululum declivi, posticé subrecto et valdé declivi; latere postico obtusé subcuneiformi; lunula elongata, excavatai; flexurd costéque umbonali conspicuis; dentibus latera- hbus magnis, subeequidistantibus. Obovate, subequilateral, inequivalve, solid, rather ventricose, white both within and without (rarely orange or purplish crimson), with raised interrupted irregularly but concentrically disposed wavy wrinkles which become still rougher from the minute radiating striee ; anterior side rounded, its dorsal edge scarcely sloping ; posterior side obtusely subcuneiform; ligamental edge strongly sloping and nearly straight ; ventral edge much arcuated in front ; lunule very elongated, excavated; fold and flexure conspicuous ; lateral teeth large, subequidistant. Isle of Opara (Cuming), New California. 83. TrLtina suprruncata (pl. lv. f. 48.) Hanley, Zool. Proc. 1844. 268 T. testi obovata, solidiusculd, convexA, impolita, valdé meequi- laterali, intus extusque striis lamellosis confertissimis fimbriatis ornati; margine ventrali anticé arcuato, postice subrecto et sur- sum acelinato ; dorsal _utrinque magis minusve convexo, anticé declivi, postics maxime declivi ; extremitate antica rotundata ; latere postico brevissimo, subtruncato, angulato ; ligamento infosso ; natibus prominentibus ; costé umbonali subinconspicua, terminal ; dentibus lateralibus subeequidistantibus. Obovate, moderately thick, convex, very ineequilateral, dull whitish, with very crowded fringed lamellar strize; ventral mar- gin arcuated im front, straightish and ascending behind; dorsal edges moderately convex ; anterior side the longer, rounded, its dorsal edge sloping ; posterior side subtruncated, its extremity angulated ; beaks prominent; fold terminal and not prominent ; ligament sunken ; mside white, sometimes with two orange rays ; lateral teeth subequidistant. Isle of Bohol, Pilippines. 84. Tretia pristis (pl. li. f. 160.) Lam. no. 41; Han.. Des. Cat. p. 69. sup.t. 9. f. 4. (young); Enc. Meth. t. 287. f. 1. T. testi rotundato-ovata, crassi, subineequilaterali, convexd aut subventricosi, extus mtusque alba, impolita ; concentricé striata, stris elevatis, confertis ; interstitiis, striulis minimis radiantibus, decussatis; margine ventrali magis minusve convexo; dorsali anticé brevi, subretuso et paulo declivi, posticé subrecto et valdé declivi; latere antico paululum longiore, ad extremitatem rotun- dato-obtuso ; latere postico angulato; natibus acutis ; lunula liga- mentoque infosso magnis; flexura cost&que umbonali satis conspi- cuis; dentibus lateralibus subremotis, subeequidistantibus. Rounded-ovate, thick, rather mequilateral, convex or subven- tricose, white both within and without, not glossy, with concentric elevated crowded striae decussated by minute interstitial radiating striule ; ventral edge more or less convex ; dorsal short subretuse and but little sloping in front, nearly straight and considerably sloping behind; anterior side very slightly the longer, obtusely rounded at its termination ; posterior side angulated ; beaks acute ; hgament sunken, and as well as the lunule, large ; ; fold and flexure tolerably strong; lateral teeth rather and nearly equally distant. Australia, &e. 85. Terrina Capsorpes (pl. Ixn. f. 185.) Lam. no. 44; Hanl. Des. Cat. p. 70. T. testd obovato-subtrigona, solid’, subsequilaterali, convexius- 269 cula, vix nitida, intus extusque albi aut albidd; concentricé stri- ata, striis posticé elevatioribus, anticé a lineis radiantibus dis- tinctis decussatis ; margine ventrali subarcuato; dorsali utrinque valdé declivi, anticé convexo, posticé recto aut subrecto; extremi- tate antic rotundat&; latere postico angulato ; flexura costaque umbonali satis distinctis; ligamento magno, infosso; dentibus lateralibus distinctis, remotis, validis, subeequidistantibus. Obovate-subtriangular, solid, subequilateral, moderately convex, scarcely glossy, white or whitish, anteriorly decussated by closely radiating and concentric strie, posteriorly with the concentric strie more distant and more elevated; ventral edge subarcuated ; dorsal slopes strong, the posterior nearly straight “and roughened by the edges of the concentric sulci; posterior tip angulated ; beaks ee anterior extremity moaned ligament panikent antl large; fold and flexure moderate; inside white; lateral teeth strong, subequidistant. Jimaimalan, Isle of Negros, &c.; (Cuming). 86. TeLtina PERPLEXA (pl. lx. f. 139.) Hanley, Zool. Proc. 1844; T. concinna, (?) Ab. und Bes. Conch. part 5. t. 5. f. 1. T. testa. 7. ostracee affinis, ovata autem, striisque ejus concen- tricis confertioribus, et superné haud laméllosis: margine dorsali antico paululum declivi. Very like 7. ostracea but subovate and not triangular ; the con- centric strize more crowded and not lamellar, except near the less arcuated ventral margin; the anterior dorsal edge but little sloping. Bay of Manila and Isle of Annaa; (Cuming). 87. TeLiina ostracea (pl. lvn. f. 45.) Zam. no. 54; Hanl. Des. Cat. p. 71. sup. t. 14. f 11; Ene. Meth. t. 290. f. 13. T. testa obovato-subtrigond, solidiusculd, satis convexd, extus intusque albida, lineis elevatis subremotis concentricé ornatd; in- terstitiis levibus ; margine ventrali subarcuato; dorsali utrinque declivi, anticé convexo, posticé recto aut subretuso; extremitate antica rotundaté; latere postico paulo breviore cuneiformi ; natibus acutis, prominentibus ; ligamento infosso; cost& wmbonali promi- nente ; dentibus lateralibus, distinctis, postico subremoto. Obovate-subtriangular, tolerably strong and convex, uniform white, with regular raised rather distant concentric striz, the inter- stices smooth ; ventral edge arcuated, sloping upward posteriorly ; anterior side rather the longer, its dorsal edge convex and sloping, its extremity rounded; posterior side subrostrated and wedge- s 270 shaped, its dorsal edge straight (or subretuse) and much sloping; beaks prominent, aciites ligament sunken; umbonal ridge very distinct ; inside white ; eieast teeth dishes: the hinder shghtly the more distant. Ceylon. 88. Trntina piicata (pl. Ix. f. 191.) Valenciennes, Enc. Meth. t. 287. f. 3. T. testé obovali, tenuiusculé, subventricosa, tortuos4, equilate- rali, impolita, intus extusque candida, strus elevatis lamellosis con- centricé ornaté; margine ventrali arcuato, postice susum accli- nato; dorsali utrinque paululum declivi, anticé convexo (sed juxta lunulam brevem distinctam incurvato), posticé convexiusculo et elevatiore; extremitate anticd rotundatd, obtusé biangulata ; costa umbonali cubed flexuraque ventrali conspicuis ; liga- mento longo, infosso; dentibus lateralibus parvis, antico subap- proximato. Oboval, rather thin, somewhat ventricose, tortuous, nearly equi- lateral, dull white, with regular raised and moderately distant con- centric sublamellar striz ; the ventral margim arcuated, and nsing behind; anterior side very slightly the longer, its extremity rounded, its dorsal edge near the short but distinct lunule in- curved and scarcely sloping ; extremity of the posterior side ob- tusely biangulated, its dorsal slope the more elevated slightly convex and moderately sloping; ligament elongated and sunken ; umbonal ridge subcarmated, and as well as the ventral fold, very distinct ; inside white; lateral teeth small, the anterior the more approximate. Hab.? Mus. Cuming, Metealte 89.. TELLINA cRYSTALLINA (pl. lvu. f. 43.) Chem. vol. 11. p- 210. £1947, 1948 ; Hanl. Des. Cat. p. 66. t. 3. £10; Wood, Gen. Conch. p. 149. T. test& obovata, tenui, meequivalvi, meequilaterali, convextus- cula, nitidd, submargaritaced, candida, subpellucida, lamellis sub- remotis concentricis undique ornata; interstitis levibus; margine ventrali valdé arcuato, posticé brevi et incurvato; latere antico longiore, rotundato; postico brevi, rostrato ; natibus acutis; liga- mento minimo, Hie - ; costa above distinetAs dentibus latera- libus distinctis, subsequidistantibus. Obovate, thin, inequivalve, imequilateral, moderately convex, glossy, pure white, subnacreous, with distant regular raised con- centric strie, the mterstices quite smooth ; ventral edge greatly 271 arcuated ; anterior side much the longer, rather dilated, rounded, its dorsal edge convex and not greatly sloping ; posterior side termi- nating in a short beak, which is placed very high up owing to the shortness and small slope of the incurved dorsal edge ; fold pro- minent ; ligament minute and sunken; beaks acute ; inside white ; lateral teeth distinct, subequidistant. St. Elena, West Columbia. 90. Teniina Burnett (pl.lvui. f. 99.) Broderip and Sowerby, Zool. Jour. vol. 4. p. 362. t. 9. f.2; Hanl. Des. Cat. p.'72. t. 13. fol. T. testa tmgon’, suborbiculari, subtenwi, subeequilaterali, ine- quivalvi, compressa, candida, submargaritaceé ; valvula planulata Iineis elevatis concentricé striata; valvulaé convexiore sulcis dila- tatis concentricis obsoletissimé anticé et superné ornaté; margine ventrali arcuato; dorsali utrmque valde declivi et dentato, anticé valdé incurvato, posticé subrecto; natibus acutissimis, anticé in- cumbentibus; ligamento minimo lunulique maxima infossis ; flexura distincta; dentibus lateralibus distinctis, subsequidistan- tibus. Triangular, rather thin, mequivalve, subequilateral, compressed, subnacreous, white ; the convex valve with obsolete distant dilated concentric grooves, which are most visible in front and towards the elevated acute and curving beaks (one of which projects over the other) ; the flat valve with elevated fine rather irregular and close concentric striz, which become obsolete posteriorly ; ventral edge arcuated ; dorsal edges strongly sloping on either side, and armed with large tooth-like projections, the front one greatly in- curved, the hinder nearly straight ; hgament mimute ; dorsal slopes excavated ; fold and flexure distinct; lateral teeth distinct, rather remote, and subequidistant. Salango, W. Columbia. 91. Teruo tyra (pl. bai. f. 187.) Hanley, Zool. Proc. 1844. __ T. testa ellipticd, tenui, compressa, nitidiuscula, intus extusque alba, strus concentricis elevatis ornatai; striis anticé et inferné confertioribus, interstitiis levigatis ; margine ventrali medio con- vexiusculo, utrinque arcuato; dorsali posticé elevatiore convexo satisque declivi, anticé prope lunulam excavatam, aut horizontali aut leviter acclivi; latere antico paululum longiore, rotundato ; extremitate postica obtusi; lgamento imfosso; natibus acutis, prominentibus, incumbentibus ; flexura obsoleté; dentibus latera- libus distinctis, antico approximato, postico parvo, remotiore. 28 Oe Elliptic, thin, depressed, scarcely glossy, white both within and without (sometimes subnacreous), with regular elevated concentric strie, which are distant towards the very prominent and acute beaks, but become closer towards the ventral edge (which is rounded at both extremities, but is little convex in the middle) ; the interstices of the striae quite smooth ; anterior side very slightly the longer, the extremity rounded ; situation of the umbonal ndge indicated by a lmear carina almost adjacent to the convex and moderately sloping dorsal edge and separated from it by a narrow concavity; the beaks curved forwards; the anterior dorsal edge the less elevated, and at first running almost horizontally or even slightly ascending; lunule and nymphal area excavated; front lateral tooth distinct and subapproximate, the hinder one small and distant. Probably inequivalve, but as yet I have only seen one of the valves. Tumbez, Peru. 92. Tretia Goutpn (pl. lvi. f. 26.) Hanley. T. testa parva, oblique subovata, solid’, convexiuscula, nitidis- simi, extus intusque nived, levigaté, valde meequilaterali; mar- gine ventrali anticé fortiter arcuato, posticé sursum acclinato ; dorsali antico subdeclivi, prope nates acutas retuso, demde arcu- ato; dorsali postico subrecto, subitoque declivi; latere postico brevissimo, obtusé angulato; extremitate anticd rotundaté; lunulé parva; flexurd costaque umbonali subobsoletis ; gamento minimo infosso ; dente laterali antico parvo et haud approximato, postico rudimentah. Obliquely subovate, solid, small, moderately convex, very glossy, quite smooth and both within and without of a pure white; ven- tral margin much arcuated im front, ascending posteriorly ; front dorsal edge moderately sloping, retuse near the acute beaks and then arcuated or convex; hinder dorsal edge nearly straight and suddenly sloping; sides very unequal, the hinder peculiarly short and obtusely angulated; front extremity rounded ; fold and flexure almost obsolete; hgament minute and sunken; a small lunule ; front lateral tooth small and not approximate, hmder almost rudimentary. West Indies; (Guilding). Named in honour of the talented author of the ‘ Report on the Invertebrata of Massachusets ’. 93. TrELLIna RuBICUNDA (pl. lxvi. f. 255.) Gould, Proc. Bos- ton Nat. Hist. Soe. 1845. 273 T. testé oblongo-ovali, ineequivalvi, compressi, tenui, subnitida, inequilaterali, pallidé aurantio-rosef, radiis subroseis ornata; sub- levigati, concentricé exiliter striolaté, valvula autem altera sulcis remotis concentricis posticé exarati; margine ventrali medio sub- recto ; dorsali anticé convexiusculo paululumque declivi, posticé subrecto et subdeclivi; latere postico brevi, angulato ; extremitate antic rotundato-obtusi; hgamento prominulo ; cost& umbonali subinconspicué; dentibus lateralibus distinctis, subaequidistan- tibus. Oblong-oval, inequivalve, compressed, thin, not very glossy, in- equilateral, of a very delicate salmon-colour, with light pink rays ; smoothish, bemg merely striolated concentrically, with a posterior space grooved concentrically and distantly in one of the valves only ; ventral edge straightish in the middle; dorsal shghtly con- vex and very little sloping in front, moderately slopmmg and nearly straight behind; posterior side short and angulated; anterior extremity obtusely rounded; ligament moderately projecting ; fold by no means conspicuous; lateral teeth distinct, and tolerably equidistant. ** With a single anterior lateral tooth. Africa, (Dr. Bates). 94. Tenia Mars (pl. lx. f. 180.) Hanley. T. testa oblonga, solida, subzequilaterali, compressiuscula, extus intusque rosea, concentricé et confertissimé striata, lmeisque obso- letis radiatim impressi; margine veutrali in medio subrecto, utrin- que convexo, posticé incurvato ; dorsali anticé convexiusculo et vix paululum declivi, posticé prope nates obtusas excavato deinde con- vexo et subdeclivi; extremitate anticd rotundata; latere postico obtusé acuminato, subrostrato ; flexurd costique umbonali valdé conspicuis ; hgamento infosso; dente laterali quamplurimum ap- proximato. Oblong, solid, nearly equilateral, rather compressed, rose-coloured within and without, decussated by very crowded concentric strize and obsolete radiating limes; ventral edge nearly straight in the middle, convex at the sides, incurved posteriorly ; dorsal edge but slightly convex and scarcely at all sloping in front, posteriorly ex- cavated near the obtuse beaks and then convex and moderately sloping; front extremity rounded ; posterior side subrostrated and obtusely acuminated ; fold and flexure very conspicuous ; Leament sunken ; lateral tooth as approximate as possible. The only specimen I have ever seen, (now in the possession of Mr. Cuming,) is stated to have come from Guinea. 274 95. Tennina FoLIACEA (pl. Ixiv. f. 253.) Zim. Sys. 1117; Lin. Mus. Ulr. p.479; Chem. vol. 6. £.95 ; Wood, Gen. Conch. t. 36. f.1; Lam. no. 12; Hanl. Des. Cat. p. 62. t.3. £20; Knorr. vol.v. t729 ae ee T. testi oblong’, tenwi, planulata, nitidissima, subzequilaterah, aurantia, subleevigata, concentricé et obsolete substriata, et supra carinam umbonalem alteré im valvula punctis squamosis radiata ; margine ventrali subrecto; latere antico subattenuato, rotundato ; postico biangulato; margine ligamental convexo, paululum de- clivi, et spinis lanceolatis armato; umbonibus valdé compressis ; natibus inconspicuis ; ligamento infosso; dente laterali approximato, arvo. ’ Oblong, thin, and flattened, very glossy, subequilateral, bright orange-yellow, nearly smooth but substriated m front with very fine concentric lines, and roughened in one valve beyond the subcari- nated umbonal ridge by radiating rows of scaly dots ; ventral edge nearly straight ; anterior side rounded, and rather attenuated ; pos- terior side obtusely biangulated; lgamental edge convex, but little sloping, elongated, and armed with lanceolate spines ; hga- ment elongated and sunken ; beaks not prominent ; umbones much flattened, plicated; mside somewhat tinged with purple; lateral tooth small and approximate. San Nicolas, Zebu (Cuming) ; Amboyna; Moluccas. 96. Tettmna maGna (pl. lxiv. f. 239, and pl. xin. f. 201. young.) Spengler, loc. at. (1798) ; T. acuta, Wood, Gen. Conch. p. 157. t. 44. f.1; Dillw. Des. Cat. p.81; Hanl. Des. Cat. p. 63. t. 3. £25; T. elliptica, Lam. no, 16. T. test oblong, solidé, imequilaterali, compressi, mitidissima, levigati, albidi, pallidé aurantio superne radiaté (in junioribus aurantia, radiis angustis pallidioribus ornata); margine ventrali convexo, posticé sursum acclinato; dorsali anticé convexo et pau- lulum declivi, posticé superné subretuso satisque declivi; latere antico longiore, rotundato; postico angustato, angulato; natibus roseis, compressis ; ligamento infosso; flexura costaque umbonalt satis conspicuis ; dente laterali subapproximato. Oblong, solid, iequilateral, compressed, smooth and polished, white with pale orange rays near the umbones; the beaks com- pressed and rosy (in the young the surface is deep orange with narrow paler rays) ; ventral edge convex and rising posteriorly ; anterior side the longer, rounded at the extremity, its dorsal edge more or less convex and but little sloping ; posterior side narrow and angu- 275 lated, its dorsal edge (in the adult) retuse above and moderately sloping; ligament sunken; fold and flexure distinct; iterior whitish tinged with orange ; lateral tooth tolerably close. West Indies; (Wood). 97. Tetiina Sox (pl. lxiv. f. 240.) Hanley, Zool. Proc. 1844. T. testA oblongo-ellipticd, solidiuscula, compressa, nitidd, rubro- aurantid, alteré valvulé concentricé substrata, altera subleevi- gata; margine ventrali convexo, posticé sursum acclinato; dorsali utrinque subdeclivi, convexiusculo; latere antico longiore, ad ex- tremitatem rotundato; extremitate posticd in junioribus subacumi- nata, in adultis obtusé angulatéi; natibus planulatis; lgamento infosso ; dente laterali distincto. Oblong-elliptic, tolerably strong, compressed, glossy, orange red (rayed im some specimens with paler streaks); one valve with concentric striule, the other nearly smooth; ventral edge simply convex, ascending posteriorly ; dorsal edges moderately sloping, and slightly convex ; anterior side the longer, its extremity rounded ; hinder extremity somewhat acuminated in the young, obtusely an- gulated in the adult; beaks flattened and devoid of colour; liga- ment sunken; lateral tooth distinct. Hab. ? The adult is in the cabinet of Mr. Cuming, the young in that of Mr. Metcalfe. 98. Trrima stricosa (pl. Ix. f. 211.) Gmelin, 3239; Dillw. Des. Cat. 82; Lam. no. 19; Hanl. Des. Cat. p. 63. t. 4. f.61; Le Vagal, Adanson, Seneg. t. 17. f. 19. T. testa ovato-oblonga, solida, ineequivalvi, convexiuscula, nitida, candida, subpellucida, sublevigaté; margime ventrali subrecto, medio paululum subretuso, posticé sursum acclinato; dorsali an- ticé arcuato declivi et elevatiore, posticé prope nates subretuso et vix declivi, deinde convexiusculo et obliquo ; latere postico longiore, ad extremitatem attenuatam subrostrato; extremitate anticd ro- tundatdi; flexura costaque umbonali satis conspicuis ; ligamento infosso; superficie imternd candida, plerumque roseo subradiatim tincta ; dente laterali approximato, plerumque obsoleto. Ovate-oblong, solid, equivalve, moderately convex, of a glossy subpellucid white, with the marks of growth tinged with zones of violet grey, nearly smooth, but the convex valve posteriorly grooved near the beaks with most delicate but distinct crowded striz ; ven- tral margin somewhat retuse in the middle, rismg behind; ante- rior side rather the shorter, its extremity rounded, its dorsal edge 276 arcuated ; hinder extremity attenuated and subrostrated; fold and flexure distinct ; the hgamental edge at first incurved, and then ob- lique and slightly convex ; within ‘often stained with rose colour ; ligament sunken; the approximate lateral tooth almost or entir ely obsolete. Senegal. 99. Trrtina pranata (pl. lxi. f. 174.) Zcn.Sys. 1117; Born, t.2.f.9; Lam. no. 20; Philip. En. Mol. Sic. vol. 1. p.26; Hanl. Des. Cat. p- 63. t.3. f. 24; Poli, vol. 1. t. 14. f.1 to 5. Var. (?) T. flavescens operculata, Chem. vol. 6. f. 98. T. testa ovali, solidiusculd, ineequivalvi, eequilaterali, convexius- cul, nitidé extus imtusque albido-carned, sublevigata; margine ventrali convexiusculo, medio subrecto; dorsali anticé convexius- culo paululumque declivi, postice subdechivi et prope hgamentum infossum subretuso ; latere antico rotundato ; postico subangulato ; flexura costaque umbonali satis conspicuis; dente lateral parvo, approximato. Oval, tolerably strong, mequivalve, equilateral, moderately con- vex, nearly smooth, pale flesh colour; ventral margin moderately convex, but nearly straight m the middle; anterior side rounded, its dorsal edge convex and scarcely at all slopmg ; posterior extre- mity subangulated ; the ligamental margin moderately sloping, retuse near the sunken ligament ; fold and flexure tolerably dis- tinct ; inside flesh- coloured ; lateral tooth small, approximate. Mediterranean. The shell represented by Chemnitz (vol. vi. f. 98) is probably a variety. It is slightly more elongated, with the radiating lnes more distinct. 100. Trentma mes (pl. lx. f. 155.) Hanley, Zool. Proc. 1844. T’. test& oblongo-ovali, solid, ineequivalvi, meequilaterali, con- vexi, nitida, extus intusque albida, valvulé convexiore strus eleva- tis concentricis posticé notata; valvulé alterd levigaté; margine ventrali convexo, posticé sursum acclinato ; dorsal antic’ convexi- usculo paululumque declivi, posticé magis minusve declivi et sub- retuso; latere antico producto, rotundato ; postico brevi, obtusé angulato ; flexurd costaque umbonali obsoletis ; higamento promi- nente ; dente laterali parvo, approximato. Oblong-oval, solid, mequivalve, mequilateral, convex, rather glossy, whitish (imside white), smooth, excepting upon the poste- rior side of the more convex valve, which is finely striated by raised 277 concentric lines ; ventral margin convex and rising behind ; anterior side produced, its dorsal edge tolerably convex and but little slop- ing; posterior side short and obtusely angulated ; ligamental edge straightish or subretuse, more or less sloping ; ligament prominent ; fold and flexure obsolete ; lateral tooth small, approximate. Hab. ? The unique specimen which [I purchased without a locality, is now in the possession of H. Cuming, Esq. 101. Teviiva mera (pl. lxvi. f. 268.) Say, Amer. Conch. pl. 64. f. 2, T. testa ovato-suborbiculari, inequilaterali, convex aut convex- iuscula, vix nitida, haud solida, extus mtusque alba, lineis exilibus elevatis concentricé asperaté; margine ventrali convexo et posticé sursum subacclinato; dorsali utrmque declivi, anticé convexo, posticé subrecto; latere postico breviore, et imferne obtusissimé angulato ; extremitate antici rotundata; natibus acutis ; igamento subinfosso ; flexura cost&que umbonali haud conspicuis; dente la- terali haud magno, haud approximato. Rounded ovate, moderately inequilateral, more or less cdnvex, not solid nor highly polished, white both withm and without, most delicately striated by raised concentric lines, (which however are scarcely visible in the young); ventral margin convex, and somewhat rising posteriorly; dorsal edges sloping, the front one more or less straight, the hinder decidedly convex ; posterior side the shorter, very obtusely angulated below ; anterior side rounded ; beaks acute ; ligament rather sunken ; fold and flexure just evident ; lateral tooth neither large nor approximate. Guayaquil ; south coast of U. States. 102. Tenia cyciapirormis (pl. lvu. f. 61.) Handey, Zool. Proc. 1844. T. testa rotundato-subtrigond, tenui, ventricosi, intus extusque incarnata aut pallidé rosea, sublevigaté, aut concentricé tenuissime striolata ; margine ventrali convexo; dorsali utrinque declivi, con- vexiusculo; latere antico rotundato, paulo breviore; extremitate posticd obtuse subangulata ; ligamento prominulo ; flexura costaque umbonali obsoletis ; dente laterali parvo, approximato. Small, subtriangularly orbicular, thin, ventricose, nearly smooth, (or marked with most minute concentric striz), both withm and without of a pale rose or flesh-colour; ventral edge convex, both dorsal edges sloping and moderately curved; anterior side rather the shorter, rounded; hinder extremity obtusely subangulated ; T 218 ligament tolerably large, and somewhat prominent; fold and flex- ure obsolete; lateral tooth small, approximate. San Nicolas, Zebu. 103. Tenia Listerr (pl. lxv. f. 251.) Hanley, Zool. Proc. 1844; Lister, Hist. Cone. t. 288. f. 235; T. scutra Gould, Proc. Boston Nat. H. Soc. T. testa obovata, solida, ventricosi, (anticé subventricosd), equi- laterali, glabra, extus intusque candidi; margine ventrali medio subrecto ; dorsali anticé arcuato paululumque declivi, posticé recto et declivi; latere antico dilatato, obtusé rotundato ; posticé obtu- sissimé biangulato ; hgamento magno, infosso; natibus obtusis ; umbonibus plerumque subplanulatis; flexurd costéaque umbonali satis distinctis ; dente laterali parvo subapproximato. Obovate, solid, more or less ventricose, equilateral, white both externally and internally, almost smooth, (bemg merely marked with the concentric wrinkles of growth), rather glossy ; the ventral edge nearly straight in the middle ; the anterior side dilated, its ex- tremity obtusely rounded, its dorsal edge scarcely slopmg and much arcuated ; hinder extremity most obtusely biangulated, the dorsal edge straight and much sloping ; umbonal ridge and ventral flexure not very conspicuous ; ligament large and sunken ; umbones rather flattened; beaks obtuse; lateral tooth small, and nearly approxi- mate. Senegal. 104. Tenia mvmquants (pl.lvn. f.44.) Hanley, Zool. Proc. 1844, T. testa subovata, valdé meequilaterali, solidi, convexd, candida, tenuiter striata; striis superné obliquis, inferné concentricis, flex- uosis ; supra costam umbonalem inconspicuam, rugis erectis flex- uosis asperati; margine ventrali convexissimo; dorsali anticé subincurvato et valdé declivi, posticé brevi recto subdeclivi; latere antico producto, ad extremitatem attenuato, rotundato ; extremitate posticd obtus& ; natibus acutis ; lunula distincta ; superficie interna candida, aut flavescente ; dente laterali magno, subremoto. Subovate, very inequilateral, solid, convex, white with fine strie, which are oblique near the acute beaks, but become concentric and flexuous towards the very convex ventral margin; the surface beyond the umbonal ridge (which is not prominent), covered with elevated flexuous oblique wrinkles, which project so as to form three radiating lines; anterior side produced, attenuated but rounded at the extremity, its dorsal line rather concave and greatly 279 sloping ; hinder side very short, its extremity obtuse but slightly angulated above, its dorsal edge moderately sloping ; beaks acute ; a distinct lunule; inside yellowish; lateral tooth moderately dis- tant. Ceylon. 105. Tetnina pumina (pl. lvii. f. 41.) Hanley, Zool. Proc. 1844: T. testa 7. Philippinarum simillimaé, sed angustiore ; margine ventrali medio subrecto; dorsali utrinque recto aut subconcavo, anticé paululum declivi; margine antico recto, verticali; latere postico cuneiformi. Bearing a very close resemblance to 7, Philippinarum, but deci- dedly narrower; both dorsal edges (except in the young) straight or even concave, and the front one which is longer and less slopmg than, in the next species, forming an angle with the straight and direct anterior margin; the hinder extremity wedge-shaped, the ventral margin (which is nearly straight in the middle) not being elevated posteriorly. Valparaiso. 106. Tettmya Puinrppinarum (pl. lvu. f. 55, 56.) Hanley, Zool. Proc. 1844. T. testa ovata aut subovata, tenui, subzequilaterali, intus extusque candida, (seepe umbones versus incarnaté aut pallidé aurantia), submargaritaced, concentricé et tenuissimé striaté ; margine ven- trali arcuato, posticé sursum acclivi; dorsali anticé brevi recto subdeclivi, posticé declivi et convexiusculo; extremitate antic& obtusd; latere postico subcuneiformi, aut obsoleté subangulato ; ligamento prominulo; concavitate dorsali antic’ lunulam simu- lante ; dente laterali subapproximato, (in junioribus subobsoleto). Ovate or subovate, thin, subequilateral, rather depressed, whitish (with a pearly gloss), often tinged near the beaks with flesh- colour or pale orange, most delicately striated concentrically ; ven- tral edge arcuated, inclining upward towards the posterior side, which varies from subcuneiform to obsoletely subangulated ; ante- rior side very slightly the longer, its dorsal edge shghtly sloping and not convex, its extremity obtuse; an obsolete lunule ; a dis- tinct subapproximate lateral tooth which is nearly obsolete in the young. Philippines. 107. Tentna cuurer (pl. lv. f. 51.) LHanley, Zool. Proc. 1844. b at 280 T. testa parva, ovatd, ineequilaterali, tenuuscula, convexa, niti- dA, intus extusque aurantio-rosed, levigataé; margme ventrali anticé arcuato, posticé sursum acclivi; dorsali anticé magis mi- nusve convexo satisque declivi; latere antico producto, ad extre- mitatem obtusé rotundato; postico acuminato; natibus acutis ; ligamento vix prominulo; cost& umbonali feré et flexura ventrali omnino obsoletis ; dente laterali parvo, approximato. Small, ovate, mequilateral, thinnish, tolerably convex, both ex- ternally and internally of a rosy-orange, nearly smooth, in young specimens there are indications of concentric striz near the arcu- ated front of the ventral edge, which latter ascending posteriorly in nearly a straight line, acuminates the short anterior side at its junction with the straight and much slopmg ligamental margin ; front dorsal edge always convex and not greatly sloping, extremity obtusely rounded; ligament scarcely promment; ventral flexure entirely obsolete, umbonal ridge nearly so; beaks acute; lateral tooth small, approximate. Mindanao, Philippines. 108. Tettma Corputorpes (pl. lv. f. 50, 57.) Hanley, Zool. Proc. 1844. T. testA subovali, ineequivalvi, solid&, subventricosi, subleevi- gata, roseo-incarnata, epidermide tenuissima et opali coloribus nitente induté; margine ventrali sinistre valvule ultra marginem convexiusculum alterius prominente; margine dorsali anticé con- vexiusculo et declivi, posticé subrecto et valdé declivi; latere an- tico breviore, obtusé acuminato; extremitate posticd rotundata ; ligamento prominulo; area dorsali posticd in adultis planulata ; natibus obtusis; flexurd ventrali distincté; superficie interna ple- rumque aurantio-rubra ; dente laterali parvo, approximato. Var. 4. Oblong’; margine ventrali subrecto; flexura obsoleta. Var. c. Extus intusque candida. Suboval, inequivalve, solid, nearly smooth, more or less ventri- cose, covered when fresh with a very thin opalescent epidermis, under which the shell is dull, and of a rosy flesh colour ; ventral edge moderately convex and in the left valve projecting beyond that of the right; anterior side shorter, and obtusely acuminated, its dorsal edge nearly or quite straight and much sloping; hinder side rounded, its dorsal edge convex and moderately sloping ; hinder dorsal area flattened in the adult; beaks obtuse; ventral flexure distinct ; inside usually orange-red ; a single small approx- imate lateral tooth. ¢ 28] Var. 4. Oblong, the ventral edge nearly straight ; flexure obso- lete. Var. c. Entirely white. Catbalonga, Philippines, and Bay of Manila (var. d.). 109. Textma RHoporA (pl. lix. f.105.) Hinds, Zool. Sulphur, vol. 2. t. 21. f. 3. p. 67. T. testA. oblongo-triangulari, solidd, convex aut subventricosa, subeequilaterali, nitidissimd, levi, extus intusque albido-rosea, marginibus roseis ; margine ventrali convexiusculo, et anticé con- vexo; dorsali utrinque subrecto, anticé subdeclivi; latere postico breviore, cuneiformi ; extremitate anticd obtusé rotundata ; flexura subobsoleté ; ligamento depresso; dentibus primariis parvis ; late- rali antico maximo et subapproximato, postico rudimentali et sub- remoto. Oblong-triangular, solid, rather ventricose, nearly equilateral, perfectly smooth and glossy, within and without of a pale pink, becoming rose-coloured near the margins; ventral edge convex in front, dorsal edges nearly straight, the anterior one scarcely sloping ; hinder side the shorter, wedge-shaped ; front extremity obtusely rounded ; ligament depressed; primary teeth small, front lateral close and very large, a rudimentary remote hinder one. Straits of Macassar. 110. Tetra retrx (pl. Ii. f. 52.) Hanley, Zool. Proc. 1844. T. test subovali, solidiuscula, valdé ineequilaterali, convexius- cul, nitida, intus extusque rosea, levigaté; margine ventrali vix convexiusculo; dorsali anticé vix declivi convexo, posticé valdé declivi; latere postico brevissimo, obtusé subtruncato, inferné obtusé angulato; extremitate antici rotundata; costé umbonali et flexurfi ventrali subobsoletis; ligamento brevi, prominulo; dente laterali magno, approximato. Suboval, tolerably strong, very inequilateral, slightly convex, both within and without of a glossy rose-colour, quite smooth ; the ventral edge nearly straight; the anterior side produced and rounded, its dorsal edge convex and little sloping; hinder side extremely short, and obtusely but rather obliquely subtruncated ; umbonal ridge and fold, nearly obsolete ; ligament rather promi- nent; a single large approximate lateral tooth. Panama. 111. Tenia uinaris (pl. lv. f. 54.) Manley, Zool. Proc. 1844. 282 T. testa oblongo-cuneiformi, tenui, compressiuscula, ineequilate- rali, nitida, levi, intus extusque rose4, albo biradiaté; radus latis submediis ; margine ventrali convexiusculo (flexura obsoleti) ; dor- sali anticé vix convexiusculo et subdeclivi, posticé subrecto et valdé declivi ; extremitate lateris antici longioris rotundatd ; extremitate posticd brevi, cuneiformi ; dente laterali parvo, subapproximato. Oblong-wedge-shaped, thin, rather compressed, imequilateral, glossy, smooth, rosy both within and without, with an anterior and posterior subcentral broad white ray; ventral margin shghtly con- vex and devoid of flexure; anterior side the longer, its extremity rounded, its dorsal edge scarcely convex and litle sloping ; hinder extremity short and wedge-shaped, the ligamental edge nearly straight ; the lateral tooth small and nearly approximate. Red Sea (M. Clery.) 112. Tettma Hiperna (pl. lvn. f. 53.) Hanley, Zool. Proc. 1844. T. testé. oblonga, solida, compressiusculd, valdé ineequilaterali, subnitida, extus intusque candida, levigaté ; margine ventrali sub- recto; dorsali anticé convexiusculo et paululum declivi, posticé pri- mim convexo deinde subincurvato ; latere antico producto rotun- dato ; postico brevi, cuneiformi ; flexura subobsoleta ; hgamento pro- minulo ; dente laterali, magno, approximato. Oblong, solid, rather compressed, very inequilateral, rather glossy, white both within and without, smooth; ventral edge straightish ; front dorsal margin slightly convex and scarcely slop- ing, hinder one first convex and then somewhat incurved ; anterior side produced and rounded; posterior short and wedge-shaped ; flexure nearly obsolete; ligament rather prominent; lateral tooth large, approximate. Panama; Bay of Guayaquil. 113. Terria porira (pl. lvu. f. 60.) Say. Jour. Ac. N.S. Philad. 2. p. 276.; Say. Amer. Conch. t. 65. £.2.; Hanl. Des. Cat p. 65. Sup. t. 9. £. 39. T. testa 7. Tenere affini, minus autem ineequilaterali ; extremi- tate posticd acuta, cuneiformi; margine hgamentali, recto. Allied to T. Tenera, but less inequilateral, the ligamental edge straight, and the hinder extremity acute and wedge-shaped. Massachusets to Georgia, North America. 114. Tevima TENERA (pl. lvi. f. 59.) Say. Jour. Ac. N. Sc. Philad. 2. p. 303.; Hanl. Des. Cat. p. 65. sup. t. 9. f. 38.; Gould Invert. Massa. f. 44. p. 68. 283 T. testé oblongo-ovali, tenui, ineequilaterali, compressiusculd, nitida, mtus extusque candida, submargaritaced, sublevigata; mar- gine ventrali convexiusculo; dorsali anticé subrecto paululumque declivi, posticé declivi et vix convexiusculo ; latere antico producto, rotundato; extremitate posticd obtusé cuneiformi; flexurd obso- leta ; ligamento prominulo; dente laterali distincto, approximato. Oblong-oval, thin, inequilateral, rather compressed, and both with and without of a nacreous white, nearly smooth or with delicate and almost obsolete concentric striz ; ventral edge mode- rately convex ; dorsal straightish and but little sloping in front, shghtly convex and decidedly sloping behind ; anterior side pro- duced and rounded; posterior extremity very obtusely wedge- shaped; flexure obsolete ; ligament slightly prominent ; lateral tooth distinct and approximate. North America. 115. Terria mncarnata (pl. Ix. f. 142. pl. lxvi. f. 265.) Tin. Syst. 1118; (from his collection); Poli. 1. t. 15. f. 1.; T de- pressa Lam. no. 22.; Wood Gen. Con. t. 45. f. 3; Philip. En. Moll. Sic. 1. p. 27; Hanl. Des. Cat. p. 63. t.4. £48; Turt. Biv. Bnit. p. 105. t. 8. f. 6; T. squalida Mont. Test. Brit. p. 56. T. testa oblongo-ovali, subtenui aut solidiusculé, subcompressi, subeequilaterali, subnitida, albido-aurantid and roseo-aurantia, con- centricé substriata, striis altera in valvuld obsoletis ; margine ven- trali convexo ; dorsali anticé convexiusculo paululumque (in juni- oribus vix minimé) declivi, posticé subrecto aut subretuso et sub- declivi ; latere antico longiore, rotundato ; extremitate anticd an- gulata subrostrata ; flexura satis distincta ; ligamento infosso ; colo- ribus superficiei interne plerumque saturatioribus ; dente laterali subapproximato. Oblong-oval, rather thin or but moderately strong, somewhat compressed, subequilateral, more or less glossy, of a pale orange or deep flesh colour, with (i the young chiefly,) two whitish approxi- mate posterior rays, concentrically substriated in one of the valves ; ventral edge convex ; anterior side rounded and rather the longer its dorsal edge shghtly convex and but little sloping ; posterior ex- tremity angulated and subrostrated ; the ligamental edge straight- ish or subretuse and moderately sloping; ligament sunken ; fold and flexure tolerably distinct ; internal colouring usually darker ; lateral tooth subapproximate. Britain, and Mediterranean. 116. Texoma Vaxronts (pl. lvii. f. 68.) Hanley, Zool. Proc. 1844. 284 T. testi subovali, tenui, compressi, subzequilaterali, nitida, albido-roseA radio angusto pallidiore (nonnunquam duobus) pos- ticd ornat&, sublevigatéi, pellucidé, anticé rotundaté; margine ventrali convexiusculo; dorsali utrmque convexiusculo, posticé declivi, anticé subdeclivi; latere postico paululum breviore, ob- tusé cuneiformi; flexurd costaque umbonali obsoletis ; lgamento rominulo; dente laterali parvo, approximato. Suboval, thin, compressed, subequilateral, pmk with one or two narrow posterior whitish rays, nearly smooth, glossy, pellucid, rounded in front, rather shorter and obtusely wedge-shaped be- hind; ventral and dorsal edges tolerably convex, very moderately sloping in front, but more so behind ; fold and flexure quite obso- lete; ligament moderately prominent; lateral tooth small, ap- proximate. Hab.? Mus. Metcalfe. 117. Tetra extuts (pl. lx. f.104.) Lam. no.26; Deshayes, Ency. Meth. vol. ii. p. 1013; Hanl. Des. Cat. p. 64. sup. t. 13. f.2; Deles. t. 6. f. 6. T. test’ subovali, tenuissim4, compress4, nitidd, ineequilaterali, ellucida, rosed, radio uno vel altero posticé ornati, minutissimé striata; striis anticé concentricis, medio obliquis; margine ven- trali subrecto; dorsali anticé convexiusculo et subdeclivi, posticé subrecto et declivi; latere postico cuneiformi et paulo breviore ; extremitate antic’ rotundata; flexurd costéque umbonali obsoletis; ligamento prominulo; dente laterali parvo, subapproximato. Suboval, very thin, pellucid, compressed, rose-coloured, with two narrow white posterior rays, nearly smooth bemg only marked with very delicate and almost imperceptible regular strie, which, concentric in front, become oblique on reaching the middle of the shell; ventral margin nearly straight ; anterior side rather the longer, rounded, its dorsal edge not much sloping and slightly convex ; posterior end wedge-shaped, the ligamental edge nearly straight ; fold and flexure obsolete; ligament moderately promi- nent ; lateral tooth small, approximate. Hab. ? Mus. Walton. 118. Tetiiva vireo (pl. lvu. f. 42.) Manley, Zool. Proc. 1844. T. testi subovali, tenuissima, compressiuscula, ineequilaterali, nitidd, pellucida, candida, striis obliquis subremotis regularibus ornati; margine ventrali subrecto; dorsali anticé convexo et subdeclivi, posticé subrecto et declivi; latere antico longiore, 285 rotundato ; extremitate posticd obtusé cuneiformi; flexurd costaque umbonali subobsoletis ; ligamento satis prominente; dente laterali distincto, subapproximato. Suboval, inequilateral, rather compressed, very thin, pellucid, white, with regular and not very close oblique strie; ventral edge nearly straight ; dorsal margin more or less convex and not greatly sloping in front, nearly straight and moderately sloping behind; anterior side the longer, rounded; posterior extremity obtusely wedge-shaped ; ligament moderately prominent; fold and flexure obsolete ; lateral tooth distinct, subapproximate. Chiriqui, West Columbia. 119. Tentra smtts (pl. lvii. f. 65.) Sowerby, Brit. Miscel. pl. 75 ; Mont. Test. Brit. Sup. p. 167; Turt. Biv. Brit. p. 102; Philip. Ab. und Bes. Conch. part 9. pl. 5. f. 7. T. test& subovali, solidiuscula, inzequilaterali, convex4, nitida, extus intusque albida, concentricé et oblique striat&; striis obli- quis, minutis, confertissimis; ultim& parte posticA alter in val- vulé, sublevigata, in alter’ autem striis subimbricatis haudque confertis concentricé exarati; margine ventrali subrecto; dorsali anticé convexiusculo, posticé brevi subretuso, utrinque paululum declivi; latere antico longiore, rotundato; extremitate postica obtuse biangulatd; cost’ umbonali satis conspicud; ligamento prominente ; dente laterali magno, approximato. Suboval, moderately strong, inequilateral, convex, glossy, whitish both within and without, with a few concentric and crowded mi- nute oblique strie, which do not extend to the obtuse hinder extremity, but are replaced before reaching the distinct. wmbonal ridge, by not very close subimbricated striz (obsolete in one of the valves) ; ventral edge straightish; dorsal not greatly sloping on either side, convex in front, short and retuse behind ; anterior side the longer, rounded; ligament prominent; lateral tooth large, approximate. West Indies. 120. Tsntina pecora (pl. lvi. f. 27., lix. f. 127., and Ixvi. f. 260.) Say, Jour. Acad. Philad. vol v. T. testa. Z. stmili simillima, sed minore, magis convex, magis inequilaterali, radiis angustis roseis ornata ; margine cardinali roseo sub ligamento. Very like a young Similis (of which it may possibly prove a variety), but decidedly more convex than specimens in that stage, and when adult much more inequilateral than full grown shells of U 286 the preceding species; delicately coloured by narrow lighter or darker tinged crimson rays, and the hinge margin stained with rose-colour beneath the ligament ; ventral edge decidedly convex. Honduras (Dyson) ; Florida. 121. Trextia ris (pl. lxvi. f. 267.) Say, Jour. Ac. Nat. Sc. Philad. vol. 1. T. testi subovata, solidiusculé, valdé inzequilaterali, nitida, satis convexa, extus intusque albida, anticé radio subluteo obsolete picta, strusque obliquis confertis utraque 1 im valvula insculptéi; margine ventrali anticé subarcuato, posticé sursum acclinato ; dorsali utrmque convexiusculo, anticé declivi, posticé valdé declivi ; ex- tremitate antici rotundaté; latere postico brevi, cuneiformi; flex- urd cost&que umbonali subinconspicuis; dentium lateralium an- tico subapproximato, postico subobsoleto. Subovate, tolerably strong, very mequilateral, moderately con- vex, glossy, white both within and without, with a yellowish ante- rior indistinct ray at the umbones, and very distinct and numerous oblique striee, which in both of the valves reach even to the but little prominent umbonal ridge; ventral edge subarcuated in front, and rising posteriorly ; dorsal edges moderately convex, sloping, the hinder one particularly so ; front extremity rounded ; posterior side short and wedge-shaped; front lateral tooth distinct and rather close, hinder almost obsolete. Carolia to Georgia, United States. Very closely resembling 7. similis from which it may be distin- guished by the much greater slope of its dorsal edges, its pointed posterior termination, the greater extension of its oblique strie, and the presence of a second (though indistinct) lateral tooth. Mr. Say adds, “it has generally a rosaceous disk and one or two posterior (7. e. anterior) rays.” 122. Trettra trmescens (pl. lvii. f. 88.) ; Sanguinolaria, Benson, Annals Nat. Hist. 1842. vol. ix. T. testa oblong’, solidiuscula, nitidé, subeequilaterali, convexius- cula, levigaté, albido-aurantia (intus aurantid), epidermide tenuis- sima subirridescente indutéi; margine ventrali subrecto; dorsali anticé subrecto paululumque declivi, posticé vix convexo et valdé declivi; extremitate antici rotundata; latere postico, vix breviore, cunciformi; lhgamento haud prominente ; flexura costaque umbo- nali obsoletis; dente laterali parvo, approximato. Oblong, moderately strong, tolerably convex, subequilateral, smooth, glossy, pale orange, covered by a very thin shghtly irri- 287 descent epidermis; ventral edge nearly straight; anterior side shghtly the longer, rounded at its extremity, its dorsal edge scarcely convex and strongly sloping; ligament not prominent ; fold and flexure obsolete ; inside orange, a single small approxi- mate lateral tooth. Chusan, China. I have received the species from Dr. Philippi with the proposed name of 7. carnea, but know not whether he has subsequently published it. 123. TeLiima FaButa (pl. lvii. £.62.) Gmelin, 3239; Donov. Brit. Shells. vol. i. t. 97; Wood, Gen. Conch. p. 156. t. 45. £. 4; Lam. no. 24; Philip. En. Mol. Sic. p.26; Hanl. Des. Cat. p. 64. t. 3. f. 23. T. testa ovato-oblonga, tenui, compressa, nitidd, extus intusque candida, subzquilaterali, anticé rotundati, posticé cuneiformi; valvula altera laevigata; margine ventrali subrecto, posticé sursum acclinato ; dorsali anticé subdeclivi et convexo, posticé declivi et juxta ligamentum prominens retuso, deinde magis minusve con- vexo ; flexura obsoleté; dente laterali approximato, distincto. Ovate-oblong, thin, compressed, glossy, white within and with- out, nearly equilateral, rounded in front, wedge-shaped behind ; one valve smooth, the other with crowded oblique striz ; ventral edge nearly straight, and rising posteriorly; front dorsal margin moderately slopmg and convex, posterior one declining and near the prominent ligament retuse, but afterwards more or less convex ; lateral tooth approximate, distinct. Britain, Europe. T. fragillissima of Chemnitz, vol. vi. f. 101, (7. vitrea of Gmelin), is usually considered as a bad representation of this species. 124, Tenia tenuis (pl. lvui. f. 81, 82.) Da Costa, Brit. Conch. p. 210. Wood. Gen. Conch. p.155. t. 44. f. 3, 4.; Mont. Tes. Brit. 1. p. 59.; Lam. no. 25. Hanl. Des. Cat. p. 64. t. 3. £. 22.; Philip. En. Mol. Sic. 1. p. 27.; T. balaustina, Did/w. D. Cat. p. 98. T. test ovali, tenuiusculd, compress4, nitidissim4, subzequilate- rali, intus extusque alba, aurantia aurantio-rubra aut rosea, laevigata; margine ventral anticé convexo, posticé sursum acclinato ; dorsali anticé convexo subdeclivi, posticé declivi et juxta ligamentum pro- minens retuso ; latere antico paulo longiore, rotundato; antico ob- tusé angulato ; flexura costaque umbonali subinconspicuis; dente lateral mimimo, approximato. U2 288 Var. (T. exigua, Poli. Test. Sicil. 1. t. 15. f. 15, 17.) testé ab- breviaté et idcirco margine dorsali utrinque magis declivi ; flexurd omnino obsoleti. Oval, thinnish, compressed, extremely glossy, subequilateral, smooth both within and without, of an orange, white, orange-red, yellow or rose colour ; the ventral edge convex in front, straightish and ascending behind ; anterior side rather the longer, rounded, its dorsal edge moderately sloping; posterior extremity obtusely an- gulated; hgamental edge sloping, at first retuse, then rather con- vex ; ligament prominent ; fold and flexure not quite obsolete ; la- teral tooth very small, approximate. Var. Shortened, the dorsal edges consequently more sloping; the flexure quite obsolete. Britam, Europe. I agree with Dr. Philippi, in regarding the 7. hyalina of Deshayes (Exped. Morea, t. 18. f. 12, 13, 14.), as a narrow variety of this very variable shell. 125. Tetra Juvenitis (pl. lvu. f. 63.) Hanley, Zool. Proc. 1844. T. testA ovata, subtrigond, tenui, pellucidd. compressiusculé, nitidd, rubro-aurantid, levigatdé, meequilaterali; margine ventrali convexo aut convexiusculo; dorsali anticé subrecto et declivi, posticé convexo et valdé declivi; latere antico longiore, subat- tenuato, rotundato ; postico brevi, et obtusé subcuneiformi ; flexurA cost&que umbonali subobsoletis ; ligamento satis conspicuo; dente laterali parvo. Subtriangularly ovate, equilateral, thin, pellucid, slightly com- pressed, smooth, glossy, orange-red ; ventral margin more or less convex ; anterior side the narrower, rounded at the extremity, its dorsal edge nearly straight ; posterior extremity short, and obtusely wedge-shaped, the ligamental edge bemg convex and abruptly sloping; hgament distinct; fold and flexure almost entirely obso- lete ; lateral tooth small. Philippines. 126. TeLiina Lux (pl. lvu.f. 71.) Han/ey, Zool. Proc. 1844. T. testa subovali, tenui, pellucida, compressa, mitida, aurantia, sublevigata, ineequilaterali; margine ventrali convexiusculo ; dorsali utrinque subdeclivi, anticé convexiusculo, posticé brevi et incur- vato ; latere postico breviore, obtusissimé biangulato ; extremitate antica obtusé rotundata ; flexura costaque umbonali obsoletis ; liga- mento prominente ; dente laterali approximato, distincto. 289 Somewhat oval, thin, pellucid, compressed, inequilateral, nearly smooth, and of an uniform glossy orange-flesh colour ; the ventral margin moderately convex ; the dorsal but little sloping on either side, but moderately convex in front, incurved and short behind ; anterior extremity obtusely rounded; the posterior side much the shorter, and very obtusely biangulated ; fold and flexure obsolete ; higament prominent ; lateral tooth distinct and approximate. Philippines. 127, TeLLIna vERNALIS (pl. lvii. f. 84.) Hanley, Zool. Proc. 1844. T. testa subovali, tenuissima, compressiuscula, pellucida, nitidis- sima, levi, valdé ineequilaterali, albido-rosed, utrinque rotundata ; margine ventrali convexiusculo, anticé sursum acclinato; dorsali utrinque paululum convexiusculo, posticé declivi, anticé vix minimé declivi; latere antico producto, postico brevi; flexura obsoleta ; dente laterali minimo, subapproximato. Somewhat oval, extremely thin and pellucid, slightly compressed, very mnequilateral, uniform glossy pink, rounded at both extremi- ties ; margins slightly convex, the ventral rising in front, the ante- rior dorsal scarcely sloping; flexure obsolete; anterior side short and cuneiform ; lateral tooth minute and nearly approximate. Singapore. 128. TeLLina Inscuxpta (pl. lx. f. 136.) Hanley, Zool. Proc. 1844. T. testa oblongo-elongat&, solidiusculd, compressa, equilaterali, extus intusque candida ; sulcis confertis concentricé exaratd, striis- que tenuissimis radiantibus (presertim posticé) decussat&; ultra costam umbonalem subobsoletam subsquamosa ; margine ventrali elongato, subrecto; dorsali utrinque subrecto, subdeclivi; extre- mitate posticd subbiangulaté; flexurd ventrali distincté; dente laterali quamplurimum approximato. Hlongated-oblong, tolerably solid, compressed, equilateral, ex- ternally and internally white, with concentric crowded sulci, and most minute posterior radiating striulee; beyond the almost obsolete umbonal ridge, the surface roughened by small scales or inter- rupted delicate lamelle ; ventral edge nearly straight, and much elongated ; dorsal margins nearly straight and but moderately slop- ing; hinder extremity somewhat biangulated ; ventral flexure dis- tinct ; lateral tooth extremely approximate. Chiriqui, W. Columbia. 290 129. Tertina Psammoretta (pl. lx. f. 134.) Lamarck, no. 30. Hanl. Des. Cat. p. 65. sup. t. 14. f. 6. T. testA oblongo-ovali, subtenui, convexiuscula, nitida, extus in- tusque pallida, levi, ineequilaterali; margine ventrali convexius- culo ; dorsali utrinque subdeclivi, subrecto ; latere antico producto, subattenuato, rotundato; extremitate posticd obtusé biangulata ; ligamento satis prominente; flexura obsoleta; dente lateral dis- tincto, subapproximato. Oblong-oval, inequilateral, rather thin, moderately convex, glossy, smooth, both within and without of avery pale dull orange yellow ; ventral margin moderately convex ; dorsal edges but moderately sloping, and nearly straight; anterior side produced, rounded, and rather attenuated ; ligament moderately prominent; flexure obso- lete ; lateral tooth distinct, approximated. Hab. (?) Mus. Cuming and Walton. 130. Tectia (TELLINIDES) EMARGINATA (pl.lvun. f. 70.) Sow. Tankerv. Cat. App. p. 3; Hanl. Des. Cat. p. 74. sup. t. 13, f. 55. T. testA oblonga, tenui, subinzquivalvi, convexiuscula, nitida, pallida, radio brevi rubro-aurantio utrinque ad umbones notata, levigat&, valdé inequilaterali; margine ventrali subrecto, anticé sursum acclinato; dorsali anticé recto et subdeclivi, posticé con- vexo et valdé declivi; latere antico producto, rotundato, attenuato ; cxtremitate posticd brevi, obtusi, emarginata; flexura obsoleta ; dente laterali distincto, approximato. Oblong, rather imequivalve, tolerably convex, glossy, very pale orange, with a short deeper tinged ray on either side of the beaks, smooth, subpellucid, very inequilateral, produced rounded and at- tenuated in front, obtuse short and emarginated behind; ventral and anterior dorsal edges nearly straight, the latter not much slop- ing; posterior dorsal much sloping and convex beyond the hgament; flexure obsolete ; lateral tooth distinct, approximate. Singapore. The Oblonga of Gmelin, (p. 2314. from Chemnitz, vol. 6. f, 87.) may possibly prove to be this or the preceding, but the re- semblance is not sufficiently exact for identification, the figure bearing a greater resemblance to Cumana, or Aurora, but the des- cription of the teeth by no means coinciding with the hinge of either. 131. Tentina (TELLINIDES) TRUNCATULA (pl. lvn. f. 69.) Sowerby, Tankerv. Cat. App. p. 3; Hanl. Des. Cat. p. 73. 291 T. test’ T. Vestali simillimd, sed fulvo-aurantid, valdé com- pressa, et magis ineequilaterali; extremitate postici emarginata ; margine dorsali postico subretuso, hand autem excavato. Very like Vestalis, but more compressed and inequilateral, of a tawny orange, with the hinder extremity clearly notched, and the posterior dorsal edge not at all excavated, but simply and slightly retuse. To Ho, Isle of Panay, Philippines (Cuming.) 132. Tentina vestauis (pl. lvii. f. 67.) Hanley. Zool. Proc. 1844. T. testa oblongo-angusta, tenuissima, convexiusculd, nitida, levi, intus extusque nivea, ineequilaterali ; margine ventrali subrecto, pau- lulum convexiusculo, anticé sursum acclinato ; dorsali antics minimé declivi et paululum convexiusculo, posticé prope ligamentum ex- cavato, deinde convexo et subdeclivi; extremitate lateris antici longioris rotundatd ; extremitate posticd subemarginata, subatte- nuata, obtuse biangulata; flexurd obsoleta; dente laterali approxi- mato. Elongated-oblong, extremely thin, slightly convex, inequilateral, smooth, glossy, snowy white both within and without; ventral margin but very slightly convex, and somewhat rising in front; anterior side rather the longer, its extremity rounded, its dorsal edge scarcely convex and hardly at all sloping; hinder dorsal edge excavated at the ligament, afterwards convex and slightly sloping ; posterior extremity rather attenuated, slightly emarginated, and obtusely biangulated ; flexure obsolete; the lateral tooth approxi- mate. Isles of Negros and Luzon, Philippines. 133. Tretnma LaNncronata (pl. lviii. f. 86, 87.) Chemnitz, vol. vi. p. 111. £103; Wood, Gen. Conch. p. 167. t. 45. f. 2; Hanl. Des. Cat. p. 67. t. 4. f. 40; Psammotzea pellucida, Lam. no. 4; Deles. t. 5. f. 10. T. testa oblongo-elongaté, tenui, compressa, nitidiusculA, aqui- laterali, rosea aut albido-rosed, concentric’ et confertissimé striata, anticé rotundata, posticé lanceolat&; margine ventrali subrecto ; dorsali utrinque convexiusculo, anticé subhorizontali, posticé sub- declivi; cost’ umbonali conspicu’; ligamento satis prominente ; costelli interna ex umbonibus posticé radiante; dente laterali distincto, subapproximato. Elongated oblong, equilateral, thin, compressed, rather glossy, ras) rose-coloured or white with a rosy tinge; concentrically striated, the strie extremely close ; ventral edge nearly straight ; dorsal but moderately convex on either side, nearly horizontal in front, and not greatly sloping behind; anterior extremity rounded ; posterior lanceolate; ligament tolerably prominent; fold conspicuous; an internal posterior radiatimg riblet ; the lateral tooth distinct, sub- approximate. Isle of Negros, Philippines (Cuming). 134. TeLtmva uyatrna (pl. lxi. f. 167.) Gmelin, 3235; Dillw. Des. Cat. p. 85 ; Hanl. Des. Cat. p. 67. t. 4. £39; T. com- planata pellucida, Chem. vol. vi. £. 99. T. testé oblong’, ineequivalvi, tenuissim4, compressa, valdé in- eequilaterali, nitidd, albidd, subpellucida, levigaté ; margine ven- trali convexo et posticé acclivi; dorsali posticé subrecto vixque declivi, anticé arcuato et declivi; latere antico perbrevi, rotun- dato ; postico producto, rotundato, attenuato ; natibus inconspicuis; ligamento infosso ; flexurd obsoleté; costellis duabus internis pos- ticé radiantibus ; dente laterali quamplurimum approximato. Oblong, inequivalve, very thm, much compressed, very inequi- lateral, of a brilliant smooth semi-transparent white; the ventral margin convex and rising behind; the hinder area of the dorsal edge, which is but shghtly convex and not greatly sloping poste- riorly, and slopmg and arcuated anteriorly, flattened ; anterior side short and rounded; posterior side produced, rounded, and at- tenuated ; ligament sunken; beaks not prominent ; fold obsolete ; two internal mb-lke lines radiating from the hinge posteriorwards ; the lateral tooth almost touching the primary ones. The only perfect specimen I have ever beheld of this extremely rare shell, belongs to Dr. Bates, who most courteously forwarded it from the United States, for my imspection. 135. Tretia (Teviinipes) Trorensts (pl.lxi. £.158, 172) Lamarck, Anim. sans vert. vol. v. T. testa oblonga, tenuiusculé, subeequilaterali, compressiuscula, nitidd, subpellucidd, extus intusque candida (nonnunquam margi- nibus roseo tinctis) concentricé substriaté, anticé rotundata, pos- ticé attenuaté et supernée obtusé angulaté; margine ventrali sub- recto; dorsali utrinque subrecto et subdeclivi, anticé paululum convexiusculo, postice subretuso ; flexurd cost&que umbonali obso- letis ; ligamento magno, prommente ; dente laterali, approximato, Oblong, rather thin and semi-transparent, nearly equilateral, rather compressed, both within and without of a glossy white 293 which is often tinged with yellow and rarely with rose-colour at the margins, concentrically substriated; the ventral edge nearly straight, and usually very indistinctly inflated behind; anterior side slightly the shorter, rounded at the extremity ; posterior side rather attenuated, and obtusely angulated above; dorsal edges scarcely sloping and nearly straight, the front being very slightly convex, the hinder somewhat retuse; ligament large and promi- nent ; umbonal ridge and fold quite obsolete; teeth distinct and generally tinged with rose-colour, the lateral one approximate. Isle of Negros, Philippmes; &c. 136. TeLiina consprcva (pl. lv. f. 100.) Hanley. T. testa 7. Timorensi simillima, sed abbreviata, et ovali-subtri- gon4; margine dorsali utrinque magis declivi, posticé convexius- culo. Very like Zimorensis, but not so elongated; the dorsal edges much more sloping, and the front one not retuse. This may eventually prove but a young variety of Simwata, but the only specimen I have ever seen (purchased with this name attached, and now in the collection of Mr. Cuming) has been pro- nounced distinct by every Conchologist who has inspected it. 137. Tentina sinvata (pl. lx. f. 203.) Spengler, loc. cit.; Tellinides Timorensis, Sow. Gen.; Reeve, Conch. Syst. t. 56. f. 2; Young, T. nivea, Wood, Gen. Conch. p. 177. t. 46. f. 1; Dillwyn, D. Cat. p. 89; Index Test. t. 4. f. 92. T. testA subovali, solidiuscula, ieequilaterali, compressiusculé, nitida, extus intusque albida, concentricé striolata, striisque obli- quis anticis inferné decussaté; margie ventrali subrecto, posticé sinuoso; dorsali anticé brevi subrecto declivi, posticé imcurvato vixque declivi; extremitate posticd lata, rotundata ; anticd obtusa ; costa umbonali obsoleté; lgamento magno, prominente; dente laterali approximato. Oval, rather oblique, tolerably strong, and somewhat compressed, glossy, whitish, with concentric striule which are decussated in front by fine raised oblique and rather distant ones; ventral edge sinuated posteriorly, and somewhat swollen in the middle; ante- rior side clearly the shorter, its extremity obtuse, its dorsal edge nearly straight and moderately slopmg; posterior extremity ob- tuse, rounded below, but forming a rounded-off angle with the short concave and scarcely sloping dorsal margin; ligament large and prominent ; umbonal ridge obsolete ; inside white, teeth as in the last, but #ever tinged with rose-colour. x 294 Closely alhed to Zimorensis, but differs in shape, sinuosity, and the decided inequality of its sides. The anterior oblique strie, which in some specimens extend along the ventral edge posterior- ward, are rarely present in that species. Tranquebar ; Sumatra. 138. Tretia Trraneuaris (pl. lx. £150.) Chemnitz, vol.vi. p- 96. £.85; Dillwyn, D. Cat. p. 79; Desh.ed. Lam. vol.vi. p.209 ; Tellinides triangularis, Han/. Des. Cat. p. 74. t.4. £33; Tellinides politus Sow., Tanker. Cat. App. p.4; T. trilatera, Gmel.; T. ob- liqua, Lam. no. 47. T. testa ovato-trigond, imeequilaterali, solidiusculé, compressa, nitidissima, sub epidermide flavescente-candidd, anticé et prope marginem ventralem convexum concentricé striata, alteraque m valvula strus flexuosis obliquis posticé ornataé; margine dorsali antice brevi et arcuato, posticé subrecto et producto; extremitate posticé obtusé acuminata; antici rotundati; lgamento promi- nente; flexura nullé; dente laterali approximatissimo. Ovate- triangular, tolerably solid, compressed, equilateral, both internally and “externally white, the epidermis yellowish and very glossy ; with concentric strize in front, and towards the convex ventral margin which rises a little behind ; anterior side rounded, its dorsal edge convex ; posterior side produc ‘ed and obtusely acu- minated, the dorsal edge nearly straight and very oblique ; higa- ment prominent ; flexure obsolete; the lateral tooth quite close to the beaks. Moluccas? Mus. Cuming, &e. 139. Taiiia (TELiiipys) acuminata (pl.lx. £141.) Han- ley, Des. Cat. p. 78. sup. t. 13. f. 53. T. testa elongatd, subovata, solidiuscula, valdé imeequilaterali et Ineequivalvi, compressa, polit, levigata, extus ionic albidaé aut albido-aurantid ; margine ventral subarcuato ; dorsali anticé sub- arcuato satisque declivi, posticé elongato subrecto et declivi; latere antico breviore, rotundato; postico valde producto, acumiato, ad extremitatem Tapamaor ligamento infosso; flexura costaque tmn- bonali obsoletis ; dente lateral approximato. Elongated, subovate, moderately strong, very mequilateral and inequivalve, both valves compressed, but one much shallower than the other; smooth, polished, both within and without of a pale orange becoming white towards the subarcuated ventral edge ; anterior side the shorter, rounded, its dorsal edge arched and moderately sloping ; posterior side much produced, acuminated, 295 with the tip rounded, the dorsal edge nearly straight, moderately sloping, and very long ; hgament sunken; umbonal ridge and flexure obsolete ; lateral tooth approximate. Hab.? Mus. Britannicum. 140. Tenia pianissmma (pl. hx. f. 124. and pl. Ix. f.197.) Anton, Vermn. Conch. p.4; Ab. und Bes. Conch. part 5. t. 5. f. 2; Tellinides rosea, Sow. Gen. Shells, f. 1; Reeve, Conch. Syst. t.56. ba T. testi ovata, tenuiusculi, meequivalvi, meequilaterali, com- press’, extus intusque rose’, concentricé substriataé ; margine ven- trali convexiusculo; dorsali utrinque declivi, anticé convexo, pos- ticé subrecto ; latere antico rotundato; postico longiore, rotun- dato-cuneiformi; ligamento prominente; flexurd subobsoleta ; costellA internd in valvulé complanat&i posticé radiante; dente laterali parvo, approximato. Var. Candida. Ovate, rather thin, inequivalve, mequilateral, compressed, rose- coloured both within and without, concentrically substriated ; ven- tral margin moderately convex, the flexure not quite obsolete ; dorsal edges sloping, the anterior convex, the posterior nearly straight ; ‘anterior extremity rounded; posterior side the longer and of a rounded wedge- shape ; ligament prominent ; an internal nb radiating posteriorward in the flattened valve; lateral tooth sinall, approximate. Var. Quite white. Moluccas. The Opadina of Chemnitz is closely allied to, if not identical with, the white variety of this shell. 141. Tenia (TELLINIDES) PURPURASCENS (pl. xn. f. 194.) Broderip and Sowerby, Zool. Jour. vol.iv. p. 363; Hanl. Des. Cat. p. 74. sup. t. 9. £18; Zool. Beechey’s Voy. t. 42. f. 2. T. testi oblongo-ovali, tenui, compress, nitidiuscula, subeequi- laterali, roseo-purpurascente, pellucida, striis radiantibus et con- centricis confertissimé decussata ; margine ventrali convexiusculo ; dorsali utrinque paululum declivi, anticé convexiusculo, posticé subrecto; latere antico minimé longiore, rotundato; extremitate postica subangulata, subemarginata ; “Tigamento prominente ; flex- urd omnino obsoleta ; dente laterali ‘approximato. Oblong-oval, thin, " compressed, rather glossy, nearly equilateral, purplish-rose coloured, pellucid, decussated by most crowded radi- ating and concentric striz; ventral margin moclerately convex ; K2 296 dorsal but little sloping on either side, slightly convex in front, nearly straight behind; anterior side very slightly the longer, rounded ; posterior extremity subangulated, subemarginated ; h- gament prominent; flexure quite obsolete; lateral tooth approxt- mate. Real Leijos, Central America (Cuming). 142. Trectina (Tettrrpes) ovatts (pl. lx. f. 147.) Sowerby, Tank. Cat. App. p. 3; Hanl. Des. Cat. p. 78. sup. t. 13. f. 56; T. tridentata? Anton, in Wiegm. Arch. 1837. T. testa ovali, tenuissima, pellucida, subeequilaterali, compressa, nitida, rosed, radiis angustis albidis frequentibus ornata, concen- tricé substriatd ; margine ventrali convexiusculo ; dorsali utrinque paululum declivi; latere antico longiore, rotundato; extremitate postica obtusd, aliquantulum latiore ; flexura costéque umbonali obsoletis; natibus inconspicuis; ligamento promimente; dente laterali approximato, distincto. Oval, pellucid, subequilateral, compressed, extremely thin, con- centrically substriated, and variegated with crowded narrow whitish rays on a rose-coloured ground; the ventral margin shghtly con- vex; the dorsal but little sloping on either side, the hgament edge slightly refuse; posterior extremity obtusely rounded, and rather broader than the rounded termination of the more elongated ante- rior side ; fold and flexure obsolete ; beaks not prominent ; ligament projecting ; a distinct approximate lateral tooth. Moluccas ; San Nicolas, Zebu; (Cuming). The Solen striatus, of Gmelin (from Chemnitz, vol. vi. f.57,58.), seems closely allied if not identical. 143. Tetra coccinea (pl. lvin. f. 90.) Chemnitz, vol. vi. p. 118. f.109; Dillw. Des. Cat. p. 87; Tellinides coccinea. Hant. Des. Cat. p. 74. t. 4. £42. T. testa ovali, tenuissimi, compressi, equilaterali, pellucida, roseo-purpurascente, utrinque rotundaté; concentricé striata, strus anticis frequentibus, posticis remotis et subimbricatis; margine ventrali convexiusculo ; dorsal utrinque paululum declivi; flexura costaque umbonali obsoletis; lgamento prominente; costellis duabus internis (im junioribus) posticé radiantibus; dentibus pri- mariis subobsoletis, dente laterali approximato, distincto. Oval, compressed, very thin, eqtulateral, of an uniform pellucid purple-rose colour, with concentric strie which are crowded in front, but distant and subimbricated behind; the ventral edge moderately convex ; the dorsal but little sloping on either side of 297 the little prominent beaks; extremities rounded and nearly equally broad; the fold and flexure obsolete; the ligament prominent ; two rather indistinct internal rib-like lines radiating (in the young only) posteriorward ; cardinal teeth nearly obsolete, the approxi- mate anterior lateral very distinct (when young). San Nicolas, Zebu (Cuming). 144. Tettoya rHopon (pl. viii. f. 93.) Hanley, Zool. Proc. 1844, T. testa oblong’, tenuissima, compressiuscula, nitidissima, levi, rosea, pellucida, valdé ineequilaterali, utrinque rotundat& ; margine ventrali convexiusculo, anticé sursum acclivi; dorsali anticé con- vexiusculo et vix declivi, posticé subdeclivi; latere postico brevi subattenuato; natibus inconspicuis ; flexurd costAque umbonali obsoletis ; dente laterali approximato. Oblong, very inequilateral, extremely thin, rather compressed, smooth, polished, and of an uniform purplish rose-colour; the ventral margin slightly convex, and rising in front; the dorsal but slightly convex on either side, scarcely sloping in front, but moderately so behind; the extremities rounded, and the shorter posterior side somewhat attenuated; beaks not prominent ; the fold and flexure obsolete ; lateral tooth approximate. Hab.? Mus. Cuming. 145. Tettma Ovparni (pl. Ixvi. f. 262.) Payraud. Cat. Corse, p. 40. t. 1. f. 16,17, 18; Desh. ed. Lam. vol. vi. p. 210; Hanl. Des. Cat. p. 65. sup. t. 14. f. 8. “'T. testa ovata, compressa, nitida, pellucida, obliqué cancellata, lineis transversis albis parvulisque longitudinalibus rubris ornaté ; anticé et posticé radiis luteo-rubescentibus ; intus et extus rubra. Ovate, compressed, glossy, transparent, obliquely cancellated, adorned with transverse white lines and small longitudinal red ones ; rays of a yellowish red both in front and behind; red both within and without.” I have been obliged to content myself with reprinting the ori- ginal description, and giving a representation of the typical shell deposited in the Museum at Paris, as I am unable to procure a specimen in England for the purpose of comparison. Had it not been for the mention of sculpture on the surface of one of its valves, I should have doubted its distinctiveness as a species. “The valves are furnished with transverse strie in lozenges, ac- companied by a multitude of silvery-white little rays both which are crossed by very delicate longitudinal lines of a deeper red than the 298 ground-colour of the shell.” There seems from the drawing to be but a single anterior moderately distant lateral tooth, and no external appearance of rays in the front of the shell. The sculpture must indeed be minute, to have escaped the attention (as it has) of our very accurate artist. 146. Terioa susrosea (pl. lvu. f. 64.) Hanley. T. testA oblong’, tenuissima, compressi, valdé imeequilaterali, rosea, pellucida, levi, nitida, posticé breviore et obtuse cuneiformi, anticé obtusi aut rotundaté; margine ventrali subrecto; dorsali antic’ paululum declivi, posticé declivi, utrinque subrecto aut con- vexiusculo; flexurA inconspicud; dente laterali subobsoleto, ap- proximato. Oblong, extremely thin, compressed, smooth, pellucid, rosy, very inequilateral and highly glossed; ventral margin straightish ; dor- sal edges straightish or but slightly convex, very slightly sloping in front, moderately so behind; anterior extremity rounded or obtuse; posterior side the shorter and obtusely wedge-shaped ; flexure very inconspicuous ; lateral tooth approximate and almost obsolete. Catbalonga, Isle of Samar, soft mud; (Cuming). The specimens closely resemble the young of the Punicea group, but both locality and dentition are adverse to this conclusion. They appear, however to be scarcely adult. 147. Tectina marearitina (pl. Ixvi. f. 257.) Lam. no. 18; Deless. Rec. t. 6. f. 4. T. testA ovali, tenui, pellucida, nitidd, margaritacea ; latere an- tico (postico) attenuato. Oval, thin, transparent, glossy, nacreous white, front (hinder) side attenuated. New Holland. The representation of the species in Delessert’s magnificent folio, enables me to refer this shell to the present division. [am unable, however, to add a more lengthened description than the very meagre outline furnished im the ‘ Animaux sans vertebres ’. The only specimens I have ever seen were the original types of the French Museum; but they sufficed to convince me of the clear distinctness of the species from any possessing a similar dentition. * . * Devoid of lateral teeth. 148. Tetra Cumana (pl. lviii. f. 73.) Psammobia Cumana, 299 Costa Cat. Test. Sicil. 20. t. 2. f.7.; Tellina Coste Pdilip. En. Mole Sic wis pe 28: :tu Sucks Wh. T. test& ovatd aut ovali-oblongd, tenuiusculi, inaequilaterali, valdé convexd, subnitida, leevigata, extus intusque albidd, nmbo- nibus hyalinis et plerumque pallidé aurantiis ; margine ventrali sa- tis convexo ; dorsali utrinque subrecto, posticé satis, antic paulu- lum declivi; latere antico longiore ad extremitatem rotundato ; postico angustato, obtusé subtruncato ; natibus acutis, et recté in- curvatis ; cost umbonali satis distincté, haud autem conspicua ; higamento infosso ; dentibus parvis. Varying from ovate to oval-oblong, rather thin, inequilateral, not very glossy, snfooth, both within and without whitish, with the umbones usually hyaline and often tinged with orange; ventral edge moderately convex, but not arcuated; dorsal edges nearly straight, sloping behind, and but moderately so in front ; anterior side the longer and rounded at its termination ; posterior side nar- rowed, and obtusely subtruncated; beaks acute and not inclining to either side; ligament sunken, umbonal ridge not prominent but tolerably evident ; teeth small. Very closely resembling Plebeia, but proportionally more ventri- cose, with the ventral edge less arcuated, &e. Mediterranean. 149, Tetra PLepera (pl. lix. f. 129, and f. 151.) Hanley, Zool. Proc. 1844. ; Psammobia levigata (?) Lamarck. T. test& subovata, solidiuscula, convexf, subnitida, leevigata, in- tus extusque, albidaé, umbonibus hyalinis et rubro-aurantiis ; mar- gine ventrali convexo aut subarcuato; dorsali anticé prope nates recto et paululum declivi, posticé recto satisque declivi; latere an- tico longiore, rotundato ; extremitate posticd obtuse angulata ; liga- mento infosso ; cost& umbonali conspicua; flexurA obsoleté. Var. Ovaté; cast’ umbonali minus conspicud ; umbonibus szepe albidis. Subovate, tolerably strong, convex, not very glossy, smooth, both within and without whitish, with the umbones hyaline and orange-red ; ventral edge convex or subarcuated ; anterior side the longer, rounded, its dorsal edge straight and scarcely sloping near the beaks ; posterior extremity obtusely angulated, the ligamental edge straight and sloping; ligament sunken; flexure obsolete. Var. (from Africa) ovate, the ventral edge more regularly arcuated, the fold less prominent, and the umbones often colour- less. Real Leijos, Central America; Senegal. 300 150. TELLINA UMBONELLA (pl. lvi. f. 18.) Lamarck, no. 48. Hanl. Des. cat. p. 70. T. testa obovali, solidiusculé, subineequilateral, convex aut convexiuscula, subimpolitaé, extus imtusque albidé, umbonibus hya- linis et roseo tinctis, epidermide tenwi fugaci cinerascente induta, leevigaté ; margime ventrali convexo aut subarcuato; dorsali utringue subrecto et paulo declivi; latere antico paulo longiore, rotundato; postico subangulato; natibus haud prominentibus ; ligamento infosso ; costé umbonali obsoleté ; dentibus minimis. Oboval, tolerably strong, shghtly inequilateral, merely convex, not glossy, both within and without whitish under a thin ashy epider- mis, with the beaks somewhat hyaline and tinged with rose-colour, smooth or with a few antiquated limes ; ventral edge decidedly con- vex; the dorsal edges but little sloping, and nearly straight ; an- terior side rather the longer, rounded at its extremity ; posterior side subangulated ; ligament sunken; beaks not prominent; um- bonal ridge obsolete ; teeth minute. Very like Plebeia in all but the shape, which is much more elongated in that species. Port Lincoln, Australia. 151. Tenia nosis (pl.lx. f.143.) Hanley, Zool. Proc. 1844. T. testa ovali, solidiuscula, convexd, ineequilaterali, nitidissima, intus extusque rosea, levigaté; margine ventrali convexiusculo medio plerumque subrecto; dorsali anticé convexiusculo et vix declivi, posticé subdeclivi et subrecto aut convexiusculo; latere antico longiore, ad extremitatem obtusé rotundato ; postico obtuse angulato ; natibus obtusis ; flexuraé costaque wmbonali subobsoletis ; higamento prominulo; dentibus parvis. Oval, tolerably strong, convex, inequilateral, very glossy, smooth, rosy within and without; ventral edge moderately convex ; dorsal tolerably convex and scarcely sloping in front, moderately sloping and varying from straightness to sheht convexity behind ; ante- rior side the longer, obtusely rounded at its extremity ; posterior side obtusely angulated ; fold and flexure nearly obsolete; liga- ment rather prominent ; "peaks obtuse; teeth small. Luzon, Philippines. 152. TeLiina LucERNA (pl. lvin. f. 98.) Hanley, Zool. Proc. 1844. T. test& oblonga, solidiuscula, subventricosé, nitidiuscula, leevi- P sie ; 2: See Fe gata, albida, umbonibus aurantis, anticé longiore et rotundata, posticé obtusé cuneiformi, margine ventrali subrecto ; dorsali pos- 301 ticé declivi, anticé paululum declivi, utrinque subrecto; flexura obsoleté; ligamento subinfosso ; disco interno aurantio. Oblong, tolerably solid, rather ventricose, slightly glossy, smooth, whitish, with the umbones orange, anteriorly longer and rounded, posteriorly obtusely wedge-shaped ; ventral and dorsal edges straightish, the latter posteriorly sloping, anteriorly scarcely sldp- ing; flexure obsolete ; ligament rather sunken ; inner disc orange. Isles of Negros, Mindanao, and Panay. 153. Tectia aurora (pl. lv. f. 76.) Hanley, Zool. Proc. 1844. T. testa T. Psammotellz simillima, convexiore autem, et umbo- nibus rubro-aurantiis; ligamento infosso; dentibus_ lateralibus nullis. Very like T. Psammotella but more convex, and with the um- bones of an orange-red. The hgament too is sunken and the hinge devoid of lateral teeth. Panama. 154. Terra Gatatea (pl. Ixiv. f. 223.) Psammobia Galatea Tam. no. 18; Hanl. Des. Cat. p. 58. sup. t. 13. f. 44. T. Sericina Jonas, Ab. und. Bes. Conch. part 3. t. 5. f. 1. T. test& oblonga, solidiusculé, convexd, valdé inequilaterali, subnitida, extus intusque candida, punctis minutissimis elevatis confertis radiatim asperaté; margine ventrali subrecto ; dorsali anticé subhorizontali, posticé brevi recto et declivi; latere antico producto, rotundato ; extremitate postica truncato-cuneiform1 ; liga- mento infosso; flexurd obsoleta; dentibus parvis. Var. (I. Diana, Zool. Proc. 1844.) subovati, punctis obsoletis ; margine dorsali utrinque magis declivi; extremitate posticd magis obtusa. Oblong, tolerably strong, convex, very inequilateral, rather glossy, white within and without, roughened by crowded radiating rows of minute raised dots; ventral edge nearly straight ; anterior side produced, rounded at the extremity; dorsal edge convex and nearly horizontal; posterior side of a truncated wedge-shape ; the higamental edge straight, short, and much sloping; ligament sun- ken; flexure obsolete ; teeth very small. Var. Subovate, the dots obsolete; dorsal edges more sloping ; posterior end more obtuse. China. 155. Terma canpipa (pl. Ix. f. 195.) Psammoteea candida Lam. no. 6. Hank. Des. Cat. p. 60. « 302 T. testa elongato-oblong4, subeequivalvi, maximé inequilate- rali, extus intusque candida, levigata, convex’ aut subventricosa ; margine ventrali posticé convexiusculo, antice arcuato et sursum acclinato ; dorsali anticé convexiusculo paululumque declivi, pos- ticé retuso et valdé declivi, extremitate anticd rotundato-attenuata; latere postico brevissimo, obtusé cuneiformi ; ligamento subinfosso ; cost& umbonali subobsoleté ; dentibus minimis. Elongated-oblong, subequivalve, extremely mequilateral, white both within and without, convex or subventricose, smooth, with however obsolete radiating lines, and very indistinct striulee towards the ventral margin, w hich latter is straightish behind, but curves upward in fr ont, s so as somewhat to attenuate the rounded anterior extremity ; front dorsal edge scarcely at all slopmg, rather convex ; posterior side very short and obtusely wedge-shaped, the dorsal edge retuse and decidedly sloping ; ligament rather sunken; fold nearly obsolete; teeth minute. China (?) J Mus. Metcalfe. Very closely alhed to Galatea, but narrower, more convex, and utterly devoid of those radiating lines of raised dots, which are so characteristic of that species. The posterior extremity is more regularly cuneiform, and the anterior termination more attenuated. 156. TeLiina evoneata (pl. ba. f. 199.) Hanley, Zool. Proc. 1844. T. test elongatd, angustd, tenwiuscula, satis convexd, extus In- tusque candidd, levigati, valdé imeequiaterali; margine ventrali medio subretuso, anticé oblique arcuato; dorsali anticé subhori- zontali et subrecto, posticé subdeclivi et subretuso; extremitate lateris antici longioris obtusa posticé acuminato-truncata; liga- mento infosso ; flexurd obsoleté; dentibus parvis. Elongated, narrow, thinnish, moderately convex, smooth, white, very inequilateral ; ventral edge rather retuse in the middle, and obliquely arcuated anteriorly ; anterior side the longer, its extre- mity obtuse, its dorsal edge almost horizontal and nearly straight ; hinder extremity with a truncated acumination, the ligamental edge slightly incurved and moderately sloping ; flexure obsolete ; liga- ment sunken; inside white; teeth small. Chiriqua, West Columbia. 157. Tectia assmitts (pl. lvin. f. 95.) Hanley, Zool Proc. 1844. T. testa T. elongate simillima, convexiore autem, et latere postico obtusé cuneiformi paululumque subrostrato. 303 Closely resembling a young Elongata, but more convex, and the hinder side obtusely wedge-shaped and slightly beaked; the hinder extremity not in the shghtest degree truncated, but the igamental edge sweeping to the lower margin in a concave and then convex curve. Luzon, Philippines. 158. Texirma ittum (pl. lvin. f. 85.) Hanley, Zool. Proc. 1844. T. testa ovato-oblonga, tenuiusculd, convexd aut subventricosa, extus intusque albi; concentricé substriata, striis supra costam umbonalem elevatis ; margine ventrali subrecto anticé sursum ac- clinato; dorsali anticé subrecto paululumque declivi, posticé valdé declivi et prope ligamentum prominulum recto deindeque convexo ; extremitate lateris antici producti inferné et obliqué rotundata ; ex- tremitate postica brevi, cuneiform. Ovate-oblong, rather thin, convex or subventricose, white both within and without, with concentric striule, and obsolete radiating lines, which latter are most perceptible in the younger specimens, the striule elevated upon and beyond the tolerably distinct fold ; anterior side produced, its dorsal edge nearly straight, and scarcely sloping, its extremity obliquely rounded near the straight ventral margin ; posterior side short and wedge-shaped; the ligamental edge straight, but convex at the extremity ; ligament small, and moderately prominent. Isles of Burias and Negros, Philippines. 159. Trextia tenta (pl. Ixvi. f. 266.) Say, Am. Conch. t. 65. f.3; Gould, Invert. Massach. p. 68. f. 43. T. testi oblongé, tenuissimé, subflexuosd, convexiuscula, extus intusque albida, levigati, valdé ineequilateral; margine ventrali subrecto ; dorsali antic’ convexo (aut subarcuato) et paululum de- clivi, postic’ retuso et subdeclivi; latere postico brevi, ad extremi- tatem angustato et paululum subrostr ato ; extremitate anticA rotun- data; cost umbonali subinconspicua; ligamento parvo, prominente; superficie interna lmeis radiantibus ornati; dentibus minimis. Oblong, very thin, rather flexuous, moderately convex, whitish, very inequilateral, very nearly if not quite smooth, ventral margin straightish ; front dorsal edge convex or subarcuated, and very little sloping ; hinder one retuse and moderately sloping ; posterior side short, narrowed and very slightly beaked at its termination, the tip truncated or subemarginated ; anterior end rounded; fold Y 2 304 not very conspicuous ; ligament small, projecting ; inside whitish, and distinctly marked with radiating lineoles ; ; teeth very small. Boston. 160. Tenia ancixua (pl. lvin. f. 94.) Hanley, Zool. Proc. 1844. T. testé oblongo-elongata, tenuiuscula, satis convex, nitidissima, extus intusque candida, concentricé substriata, lneisque obsoletis radiantibus ornata ; strus supra costam umbonalem subobsoletam remotioribus, distinctis, subimbricatis ; margine ventrali subrecto ; dorsali anticé subdeclivi et convexiusculo, posticé subrecto et de- clivi; extremitate lateris antici producti rotundata; latere postico breviore, obtusé cuneiform. Elongated-oblong, thinnish, moderately convex, very glossy, pure white both within and without, with concentric striule, which are most perceptible at the nearly straight ventral margin, and become subimbricated distinct and rather distant upon and beyond the almost obsolete fold; anterior side produced, its extre- mity rounded, its dorsal edge shghtly convex and not much sloping ; posterior side obtusely wedge-shaped, ligamental edge straightish, tip rounded. Lord Hood’s Island. 161. Tretia Bopecensis (pl.lix. £102.) Hinds, Zool. Sul- phur, vol. ui. t. 21. f. 2. p. 67. T. testa oblongo-elongaté, meequilaterali, soldiuscula, compressa, nitida, extus intusque candida, concentricé et subimbricatim sul- cata; margine ventrali subrecto, anticé sursum acclinato; dorsali utrinque subrecto, anticé vix minimé declivi; latere postico bre- viore, cuneiformi; extremitate antica rotundata ; flexurad obsoleta ; ligamento satis prominente ; dentibus lateralibus nullis. Elongated-oblong, inequilateral, rather solid, compressed, of a glossy ivory white, ‘with regular moderately distant concentric sub- imbricated sulci, (which in the only specimen I have ever seen disappear in one valve at the posterior end) ; the ventral margin nearly straight, rising in front, the anterior dorsal scarcely at ‘all sloping ; posterior side the shorter, wedge-shaped ; front extremity rather obtusely rounded; fold and flexure obsolete; ligament moderately projecting ; inside w hite ; no lateral teeth. Russian Bodejas. 162. Tettina Ruomsorpes (pl. lvin. f. 92, 96, 97.) Quoy and Gaim., Voy. Ast. Zool. vol.i. p.502. t.81. £4-7 ; Ty. clathrata, 305 Desh. Lam. vol. vi. p. 208; Hanl. Des. Cat. p. 65. sup. t. 14. L702 T. testa ovali-oblongd, solidiuscula, valdé inzequilaterali, magis minusve convex, subnitida, albida, pallidé luted, aurantid aut albido-rosed, striis anticé concentricis et medio obliquis confertim ornata ; margine ventrali subrecto aut paululum convexo ; dorsali anticé subrecto et paululum declivi, posticé satis declivi; extremi- tate lateris antici producti obtusé rotundat’; extremitate posticd magis minusve obtusé cuneiformi ; ligamento prominente; flexurd vix perspicua. Var. Pallidé lutea, radiis angustis roseis ; striis obl quis majori- bus et fortioribus. Oval-oblong, very inequilateral, tolerably strong, more or less convex, rather glossy, whitish pink, pale yellow, or orange, with very delicate strize, which are concentric in front but become ob- lique in the middle ; ventral edge straightish, or not much con- vex; anterior side produced, its extremity rounded, its dorsal edge straightish and but little sloping; posterior side rather varia- ble in shape, but short, and more or less obtusely wedge-shaped ; hgament prominent ; flexure not quite obsolete. Var. Pale yellow with narrow rosy rays, the oblique striz larger and stronger. Isles of Zebu and Ticao, Philippines, (Cuming). 163. Trtroma Formosa (pl. viii. f. 83.) Hanley, Zool. Proc. 1844, T. testé obovata, solidiuscula, nitid’, convexiuscul, subpellucida, albida, radiis interruptis roseis striisque minutis obliquis confertis undique ornata ; margine ventrali convexo; dorsali utrinque con- vexiusculo, anticé subdeclivi, posticé valdé declivi; extremitate lateris antici producti rotundata, lateris postici brevissimi obtusis- simé angulati; natibus roseis; ligamento parvo et satis promi- nente; flexura subobsoleta. Obovate, moderately strong, glossy, scarcely convex, somewhat pellucid, white, with numerous narrow rosy interrupted rays, and crowded minute oblique strie; ventral margin convex; dorsal moderately convex on both sides, little sloping in front but greatly so behind ;. anterior side produced, its extremity rounded ; poste- rior side short, its extremity very obtusely angulated ; beaks rosy ; ligament small, moderately prominent ; flexure nearly obsolete. Daleguete, Zebu. 506 164. TreLirva pispar (pl. lix. f. 108, 113, 114.) Conrad, Jour. Ac. N.S. Philad. vol. vn. T. test ovata, solidiusculd, satis convexd, nitidé, candidé aut rose, subeequilaterali, posticé breviore et obtusé angulaté aut ob- tusissimé cuneiformi, anticé rotundata; alterd valvula levi, altera striis tenuissimis antic concentricis deinde obliquis confertim or- nati; margine ventrali convexiusculo; dorsali utrinque haud multum declivi aut convexo; ligamento prominente; flexura ob- soleta. Ovate, tolerably strong, moderately convex, glossy, white or rose-coloured, nearly equilateral, rounded in front, rather shorter and very obtusely wedge-shaped or obtusely angulated behind ; one valve smooth, the other with fine striz, which are concentric in front and then become oblique and crowded ; ventral margin but slightly convex; dorsal edges not greatly sloping or convex ; ligament prominent; flexure obsolete. Sandwich Isles; and Isle of Bohol, soft mud, eight fathoms, (Cuming). In some specimens there is a tinge of rose-colour near the dorsal edges. 165. Ternma urea (pl. lix. f. 103, and Ixv. f. 249.) Gray in Index Test. Sup. t. 1. £3; Hanl. Des. Cat. p. 67. sup. t.1. £.3. T. Guildfordie, Gray in Grif. Cuvier, Mol. t. 19. f. 2. Young; T. alternidentata, Brod. and Sow., Zool. Jour. vol. iv. p. 863; Zool. to Beechey Voy. t. 44. f. 5. T. testa ovali-subtrigona, subeequilateral, submeequivalvi, com- pressiusculd, subleevigata, albid& aut pallidé rosea, epidermide subviridi fugaci (in junioribus) induta, anticé rotundata ; margine ventrali subrecto aut convexiusculo; dorsali anticé subdeclivi et convexiusculo, posticé declivi et prope hgamentum magnum sub- retuso deindeque convexo ; latere postico obtussissimé cuneiformi ; natibus erosis; flexurd obsoleti; superficie imternd albido-rosed, utrinque saturatius fucata, aut roseo subradiata ; dentibus prima- riis in utraque valvulé duobus, altero simplici, altero bicuspidato, alternatim inter se insertis. Oval-subtriangular, subequilateral, rather compressed, slightly inequivalve, nearly smooth, whitish or pale rose-colour under (in young specimens only) a thin fugacious greenish epidermis ; ven- tral edge but slightly (if at all) convex ; anterior side rounded, its dorsal edge but slightly convex and not much sloping; posterior extremity very obtusely wedge-shaped, the dorsal edge near the 5307 great hgament retuse but afterwards convex ; beaks eroded ; flexure obsolete; inside pink with a darker ray or stain on either side ; primary teeth two in each valve, a simple and a bicuspidate, which are alternately inserted. Icy Cape. 165. Tretia Cotumsrensis (pl. Ixv. f. 246.) Hanley, Zool. Proe 1844. T. testa ellipticd aut oblongo-ellipticA, compressiuscula, sub- tenui, levigatd, extus intusque albida, epidermide tenuissima fulvo- cinerea induti; margine ventrali medio convexiusculo, utrinque arcuato ; dorsali utrinque convexo, antic paulo, postice satis de- chivi; latere antico longiore, rotundato; extremitate postica acu- minaté; flexura costaque umbonali subobsoletis; ligamento pro- minulo; dentibus minimis. Elliptic or elongated-elliptic, fragile, subinequivalve, rather compressed, whitish, covered by a very thin opalescent pale drab epidermis, quite smooth; ventral edge arcuated, ascending poste- riorly ; anterior side much the longer, its extremity rounded and somewhat attenuated, its dorsal edge convex and scarcely sloping ; posterior end acuminated, hinder dorsal edge at first hollowed out for the slightly prominent ligament, then very convex and consi- derably sloping ; flexure and umbonal ridge all but obsolete; in- side white, teeth minute. Monte Christi, West Columbia. Its more compressed valves and minute teeth will distinguish it from the few species which are allied to it in outline. The hinge- margin is very short and rather broad. 167. Teva Rrurescens (pl. lxiii. f. 213.) Chemnitz, vol. vi. f. 97. (malé) ; Dillw. D. Cat. p. 85; T. operculata, Gmel. 3235 : Wood, Gen. Conch. p. 165. t. 42. f.1; Lam. no. 13; Sow. Gen. Shells ; Hanl. Des. Cat. p. 62. t. 4. £. 37; Knorr. vol.vi. t. 12. £.1. T. test’. oblonga, ineequivalvi, insequilaterali, solida, subnitida, rubro-rosed (intus saturatius fucata), sublevigata, lineis obsoletis radiantibus plerumque notata; alter’ valvulaé convexd, alterA com- planata ; margine ventrali medio subrecto, utrinque (preesertim posticé) sursum acclinato ; dorsali antico convexo, et vix declivi : dorsali postico subdeclivi, prope ligamentum magnum prominensque retuso, deinde magis minusve convexo; latere antico paululum breviore, rotundato; postico attenuato obtusissimé acuminato ; costa umbonali lata, obtusi; flexurd subobsoleta. Oblong, inequivalve, rather strong, scarcely glossy, within and 308 without of a lighter or darker reddish rose-colour, nearly smooth, often with obsolete radiating lines, covered when fresh with a very thin epidermis; one valve convex, the other flat; ventral edge nearly straight or subretuse in the middle, rising at the extremities and particularly posteriorly ; anterior side rather the shorter, its extremity rounded, its dorsal edge convex but scarcely sloping ; posterior side very obtusely acuminated, the dorsal edge at first retuse and little sloping, then moderately sloping and convex ; fold broad and obtuse; flexure nearly obsolete; ligament large. Tumbez, Peru ; soft sandy mud, five fathoms (Cuming). 168. TeLima nitipa (pl. lix. f. 101.) Pod, Test. Sic. vol. 1. t.15. £.2, 3,4; Lam. no. 28; Philip. En. Moll. Sic. vol. 1. p. 27; Hanl. Des. Cat. p. 64. sup. t. 14. f. 4. T. testa oblong’, valdé compress’, equilateral, satis solida, n1- tida, pallidé carned aut fulva ; concentricé striata, striis tenuissi- mis, confertis, sed altera im valvula posticé magis remotis alteraque in valvulé posticé obsoletis; margine ventrali medio subrecto ; dor- sali antice convexo et subdeclivi, posticé declivi et subrecto ; ‘latere antico rotundato, postico cuneiform ; flexura nulla. Oblong, much compressed, equilateral or nearly so, tolerably strong, very glossy, pale flesh-coloured or fulvous, within of a deeper hue, with fine regular and close concentric striee, which at the posterior end of one valve are quite obsolete, and in the other are there replaced by stronger, more distant, and subimbricated ones; ventral edge nearly straight in the middle; anterior side rounded, its dorsal edge convex, ‘and but moderately sloping ; hin- der side wedge-shaped, ligamental edge nearly straight ; no flexure. Mediterranean. 169. Tetiina Soutzyett (pl. lx. f. 111.) Hanley, Zool. Proc. 1844. T. testé oblongd, tenuiusculé, convexo-depress4, extus intusque albida, leevigaté; margine ventrali convexiusculo; dorsaliantice con- vexiusculo et subdeclivi, posticé recto aut subretuso et valdé de- clivi; flexura costaque umbonali distinctis ; latere antico longiore, rotundato; extremitate postici subrostratéi; lgamento ifosso ; natibus acutis. Oblong, tolerably convex, nearly equilateral, but rather longer in front, of a rather dull white, not very thick, and quite smooth; the ventral edge more or less convex ; the flexure as well as the umbo- nal ridge quite distinct ; dorsal edge moderately convex and scarcely sloping in front, nearly ‘straight or slightly retuse behind ; anterior 309 extremity rounded, posterior somewhat beaked ; beaks acute ; liga- ment sunken ; inside white. San. Nicolas, Zebu. Im the young, there is a slight appearance of rudimentary lateral teeth. 170. Texto micans (pl. lix. f. 106.) Hanley, Zool. Proc. 1844. T. testa ovato-oblong’, tenui, compressiuscula, subinzequilate- rali, mitidissima, pellucida, nived ; striis paucis remotis subobsoletis concentricis, etiamque in adultis, stris subobliquis remotis, anticé ornata ; margine ventrali anticé obliqué arcuato, posticé subrecto ; dorsali anticé vix declivi et convexiusculo, posticé declivi subretuso et angulum obtusum cum margine postico subincurvato formante ; latere postico breviore, cuneiformi ; extremitate anticd obtusé rotun- data ; flexura obsoleta. Ovate-oblong, thin, rather compressed, slightly inequilateral, ex- tremely glossy, pellucid, snow-white, with a few indistinct and rather distant concentric striz in front, which are crossed in adult specimens by very slightly oblique and distant ones ; ventral edge obliquely rounded anteriorly, and straightish behind ; anterior side slightly the longer, obtusely rounded, its dorsal edge scarcely slop- ing; hinder extremity wedge-shaped, the ligamental edge subretuse near the moderately projecting ligament, and forming a very obtuse angle with the slightly incurved posterior edge; flexure obsolete. Catbalonga, Isle of Samar. Bias, Isle of Negros. 171. Teviina mites (pl. bai. f.188.) Hanley, Zool. Proc. 1844. T. testa T. cuspidi affini sed oblongd, rostraté, compressiore; margine antico dorsali vix paululum declivi; ventrali convexo ; valvula altera lineis elevatis concentricis undique striata. Like T. cuspis but oblong, beaked, and more compressed ; front dorsal edge scarcely at all sloping ; ventral edge convex ; one valve nearly smooth, the other with regular fine elevated concentric striae. Hab. ? (Mus. Metcalfe.) 172. Terii~a cusps (pl. lix. f. 125.) Hanley, Zool. Proc. 1844. T. testa ovata, solidiuscula, convexd, nitidiuscula, rosea, anticé et inferné substriaté; margine ventrali arcuato; dorsali utrinque subdeclivi, anticé convexo, posticé recto aut subretuso; flexurf costaque umbonali distinctis; latere antico paululum longiore, rotundato ; postico subacuminato, subrostrato ; ligamento infosso. Z 310 Ovate, moderately strong, convex, rather glossy, deep rose-colour, substriated in front and towards the lower margin; ventral edge arcuated ; dorsal but shghtly sloping on either side, convex in front, straight or subretuse behind; fold and flexure perceptible ; ante- rior side slightly the longer, rounded ; posterior subacuminated, and somewhat beaked ; ligament sunken. Hab. ? (Mus. Cuming, Metcalfe.) 173. Tetina scatpeLtum (pl. lx. f. 116.) Hanley, Zool. Proc. 1844. T. test& oblong’, tenuissim’, compress’, nitidissima, valdé in- eequilaterali, saturatius rosea, pellucida, subleevigata ; margine ven- trali recto aut subrecto; dorsali antico paululum declivi, subrecto; latere postico brevi, obtusé subcuneiform ; extremitate lateris an- tici longioris, rotundati; ligamento parvo, prominulo; flexura obsoleta. Oblong, very thin and pellucid, very inequilateral compressed, nearly smooth or concentrically substriated, of a very glossy deep rose-colour; ventral edge more or less straight ; front side pro- duced, rounded at its extremity, its dorsal edge nearly straight and very little sloping ; hinder side obtusely wedge-shaped ; ligament small and prominent; flexure almost entirely obsolete. Tsle of Zebu. 174. Tetra unpuata (pl. lx. f. 107.) Hanley, Zool. Proc. 1844. T. test{ oblong’, tenmissim4, compressa, impolitaé et valdé in- eequilaterali, intus extusque albidd, suboblique et concentricé undu- lati; margine ventrali convexo ; dorsali anticé subrecto et vix decli- vi, posticé incurvato satisque declivi; latere postico brevi, attenuato, rostrato, ad extremitatem biangulato; flexura costaque umbonali distinctis ; natibus acutis; ligamento infosso. Oblong, very thin, compressed, very inequilateral, whitish both within and without, not glossy, with oblique undulations which be- come concentric near the short attenuated and beaked posterior ex- tremity, of which the tip is acute and biangulated ; ventral edge con- vex; dorsal anteriorly straightish and scarcely sloping, posteriorly incurved and moderately sloping; anterior side produced, its extre- mity obtusely rounded; fold and flexure perceptible; ligament sunken; beaks acute. St. Elena, West Columbia. 175. Tettina cyenus (pl. lix. f. 122.) Hanley, Zool. Proc. 1844. 311 T. testi ovatd aut ovato-oblong’, solidiusculé, subsequilaterali, convexd, nitidd, candida, concentricé substriaté; margine ventrali convexiusculo ; dorsali anticé subrecto et paululum declivi, postice recto et valdé declivi; extremitate antici rotundato-obtusi; latere postico cuneiformi, subrostrato; flexurd ventrali distincté; liga- mento infosso; superficie internd candida, submargaritacea. Ovate or ovate-oblong, tolerably firm, nearly equilateral, convex, glossy, white, concentrically substriated ; ventral margin slightly convex; dorsal nearly straight and very slightly sloping in front; quite straight and much sloping behind; anterior end obtusely rounded ; posterior side wedge-shaped, and subrostrated ; flexure distinct ; hgament sunken; outside white and somewhat pearly. Bias, Isle of Negros, Philippines. 176. Teitina axa (pl. lx. f.137, 146.) Hanley, Zool. Proc. 1844. T. test& ovata, solidiusculé, submeequivalvi, subsequilaterali, nitida, convexiusculi, extus intusque albidi, radio brevi pallidé aurantio in adultis utrinque ornata, concentricée substriaté ; margine ventrali magis minusque convexo; dorsali anticé convexo et{sub- declivi, posticé declivi et prope nates subretuso; latere antico rotundato, longiore ; postico angulato, subrostrato; flexurd costa- que jumbonali. conspicuis ; ligamento infosso; cardine dentibus primariis parvis, et nonnunquam dente laterali antico rudimentali, instructo. Var. ovato-trigona, solida, levi aut subleevigata, convex’, nequa- quam rostrata ; flexurd costéique umbonali subinconspicuis. Ovate, tolerably sold, very shghtly mequivalve, nearly equila- teral, rather convex, of a silky gloss, concentrically substriated, whitish within and without, with (in adult specimens) a short pale orange streak radiating on either side from the beaks ; ventral edge more or less convex ; anterior side rather the longer, rounded at its extremity, its dorsal edge convex, and not greatly sloping ; poste- rior side angulated and subrostrated, its dorsal edge retuse near the beaks, and decidedly sloping; fold and flexure conspicuous ; ligament rather sunken; primary teeth small, sometimes a rudi- mentary anterior lateral one Var. Ovate-triangular, solid, convex, nearly or quite smooth, not at all beaked, the orange rays clearly visible; fold and flexure by no means conspicuous. Ceylon. 177. Teviina nympuatis (pl. Ix. f. 196.) Zam. no. 50; Hanl. Des. Cat. p. 70. VAs 312 T. testi ovaté aut obovati, magis minusve ventricosd, solidius- eula, subnitidd, sublevigata, subzequilaterali, extus mtusque albida, lineis obsoletis pallidioribus subradiaté, epidermide pertenui lutes- cente indut&; margine ventrali anticé arcuato, posticé sursum acclinato ; dorsali anticé prope nates acutas subrecto demdeque arcuato et subdeclivi, posticé subretuso et valde declivi; latere antico longiore, rotundato ; postico attenuato, angulato, et paululum subrostrato ; flexura costique umbonali satis conspicuis ; hgamento prominulo; dentibus minimis. Ovate or obovate, more or less ventricose, not very strong, rather glossy, nearly equilateral, whitish both within and without, covered by a very thin yellowish ash-coloured epidermis, neatly smooth being merely wrinkled by the hnes of growth, peculiarly marked with obsolete radiating lines; ventral “edge arcuated in front and rising behind ; anterior side rather the longer, its extre- mity rounded, its dorsal edge at first nearly straight and then arched and moderately sloping; posterior side attenuated, angu- lated, and very shightly beaked; fold and flexure tolerably distinct ; ligament short and shghtly prominent; teeth very small. Gambia. In typical examples there is a slight groove-like depression behind the fold, which does not exist in the next species. 178 Tevtma Cayennensis (pl. lx. f. 190.) Psammobia C. Lam. no.11; Hanl. Des. Cat. p. 58. sup. t. 11. £48; Deles. Rec. t.5. f£. 7; T. constricta, PAi/., Ab. und Bes. Conch. part 3. t. 5. f.5; T. intastriata, Say, Jour. Ac. Nat. Sc. Philad. T. testé ovali-trigond, solidé aut solidiusculé, magis minusve ventricosi, subineequivalvi, subineequilaterali, nitidiuscula, extus intusque albida, epidermide cinerascente induta, subleevigata ; mar- gine ventrali convexiusculo; dorsali anticé convexo et subdeclivi, posticé subrecto et declivi; latere antico paulo longiore, rotundato ; postico cuneiformi; natibus recté imcurvatis; lgamento promi- nulo, satis magno; flexur& costique umbonali satis conspicuis ; dentibus haud parvis. Triangularly-oval, more or less solid and ventricose, slightly mequivalve and equilateral, scarcely glossy, nearly smooth, whitish within and without, covered by a very thin ashy epidermis; ven- tral edge slightly convex ; dorsal convex and moderately sloping in front, straightish (never incurved) and strongly sloping behind ; front side rounded, rather the longer; hinder side wedge-shaped ; beaks incurved ; ligament little prominent, and as well as the teeth, of a moderate size; fold and flexure tolerably distinct. 313 Closely resembling the last, of which it is possibly a variety, but is more triangular, and not so distinctly marked with radiating lines. Guiana, Mexico, Florida. 179. Terima avsa (pl. bai. f. 193.) Quoy and Gaim., Voy. Astrol. Zool. vol. in. p. 500. t. 81. f. 1, 2, 3. T.. testa subovata, solidiusculi, subcompressa, subpellucida, niti- diusculd, extus intusque albi, sublevigaté ; margine ventrali con- vexo et posticé sursum acclinato; dorsali anticé arcuato et vix subdeclivi, posticé elongato declivi et subrecto; latere antico lato, multum breviore, rotundato ; postico attenuato, obtusé cuneiformi ; hgamento infosso ; cost umbonali et flexurd ventrali inconspicuis ; natibus subacutis ; dentibus bifidis, subvalidis, simplicibus subob- soletis. Subovate, tolerably strong, rather flat, semi-transparent, nearly smooth, somewhat glossy, white, one of the valves with obsolete concentric strize; the ventral edge convex and ascending poste- riorly ; anterior side broad, and distinctly the shorter, rounded at its extremity, arcuated and but little sloping at its dorsal margin ; the posterior side obtusely cuneiform, its tip attenuated and ob- tusely angulated, its dorsal edge elongated scarcely convex and obliquely sloping; beaks rather prominent; ligament sunken; umbonal ridge ot conspicuous ; the bifid teeth rather strong, the simple nearly rudimentary. In all the specimens I have seen, there are two or three obsolete radiating folds at ths anterior extremity. Australia. 180. Tettima proxima (pl. Ixvi. f. 264. and lix. f. 115.) Brown in Loology to Beechey, p. 154. t. 44. f.4; Phil. Ab. und Bes. Conch. part 9. pl. 5. f. 4; T. sordida, Cowthouy, Boston Journ. Nat. Hist. vol. 1. p. 59. t. 3. f. 11; Sanguinolaria sordida, Gould, Invert. Massachusetts, p. 67; Macroma tenera, Leach, Appendix Ross. Voyage. T. testa obovali, tenuiusculd, valdé ineequilaterali, convex’ aut convexiuscula, impoliti, extus albidé, intus candida, epidermide cinerascente fugaci indutd, concentricé obsoleté et subimbricatim striolata ; margine ventrali magis minusve convexo ; dorsali anticé arcuato et paulo declivi, posticé recto et valdé declivi ; latere postico brevi, et inferné subangulato ; extremitate posticd rotundata ; nati- bus plerumque erosis; ligamento magno, prominente; cost um- bonali subobsolet’ ; dentium altero in utraque valvula bifurcato. Oboval, thinnish, fragile, very inequilateral, more or less con- 314 vex, dull whitish (internally pure white), covered by a thin ash- coloured fugacious epidermis ; ventral margin more or less convex ; front dorsal edge arched and shghtly slopmg, hinder one straight and greatly sloping; posterior side short, subangulated below ; anterior extremity rounded; beaks usually eroded; ligament large and prominent; fold almost obsolete; one of the teeth bifurcate (when the hinge is perfect, which is rarely the case) in each valve. Boston, (Gould) ; Arctic Ocean. 181. Tenia catcarna (pl. lxu. f. 183.) Chemnitz, vol. vi. p- 140. £136; Dillwyn D. Cat. p. 93; Hanl. Des. Cat. p.46. t.4. f.43; T.sordida, Pdid. Ab. und Bes. Conch. part 9. t. 5. f. 6. T. testi ovat& aut subovaté, solidiusculé, subineequivalvi, con- vexiuscula, ineequilaterali, extus imtusque albida, epidermide cine- rascente indutd, sublevigati; margine ventrali satis convexo, posticé acclinato; dorsali anticé convexo et subdeclivi, posticé declivi et subrecto ; latere antico longiore, ad extremitatem rotun- dato; postico obtusé cuneiformi; natibus acutis, prominentibus ; cost{i umbonali satis distmceta; flexura ventrali subinconspicua ; ligamento magno, prominulo; dentibus parvis. More or less ovate, moderately firm, very shightly imequivalve, tolerably convex, inequilateral, whitish both within and without, never polished but often shghtly glossed, covered with an ashy epidermis, under which it is nearly smooth or merely marked with the lines of growth; ventral edge ascending behind, moderately convex; anterior side the shorter, rounded at its extremity, its dorsal edge convex and somewhat sloping, but near the acute and prominent beaks slightly icurved; hinder side obtusely wedge- shaped, the ligamental edge nearly straight ; umbonal ridge tole- rably evident; the ventral sinus almost obsolete; ligament large and moderately projecting. Iceland and Greenland. 182. Tectia nasuta (pl. Ixiv. f. 224.) Conrad, Jour. Ac. Nat. Sc. Philad. vol. vi. p. 258; Hanl. Des. Cat. p. 71. sup. t. 14. e(he T. testi ovato-oblong4, solid, inequilateral, convexd, impolita, sublavigata, albidi, epidermide cmerascente plerumque induta ; margine ventrali medio subretuso; dorsali anticé convexo paulu- lumque declivi, posticé elongato recto et declivi; latere antico bre- viore, rotundato ; postico cuneiformi; extremitate posticd subbi- angulata ; natibus obtusis; lunula nulli; flexura costique um- 315 bonali conspicuis; ligamento magno et satis prominente ; super- ficie internd candid’; dentibus satis magnis. Ovate-oblong, solid, inequilateral, convex, dull, whitish, usually covered by an ashy epidermis, nearly smooth, flexuous ; ventral margin convex at the sides, but retuse in the middle ; anterior side rounded, its dorsal edge convex and but little sloping; posterior side wedge-shaped, its extremity nearly biangulated, its dorsal margin elongated sloping and nearly straight; fold and flexure conspicuous; ligament tolerably large and prominent ; beaks ob- tuse; no lunule; inside white, the teeth of a moderate size. California. 183. TeLLIva EDENTULA (pl. lxv. f. 243.) Brod. and Sow., Zool. Jour. vol. iv. p. 363; Zool. to Beech. Voy. t. 41. f. 5. and t. 44, £6; Hanl. Des. Cat. p. 71. T. test. obovali-subtrigon4, solidiuscula, subventricosd, subim- polité, subinequilaterali, sordidé albidd, sublevigat’; margine ventrali convexiusculo; dorsali utrinque subdeclivi, anticé con- vexo, posticd subrecto ; latere antico paulo longiore, rotundato ; postico obtusé subangulato; flexura costique umbonali subobso- letis; ligamento magno, prominente ; dentibus minimis, sublamel- losis. Var. Abbreviaté et magis ineequilaterali. Oboval, subtriangular, tolerably strong, more or less ventricose, of a rather dull dirty white, nearly smooth, more or less mequila- teral; ventral edge moderately convex ; dorsal not greatly sloping on either side, convex in front, straightish and rather short be- hind; anterior side the longer, rounded at its extremity ; posterior side obtusely subangulated ; fold and flexure rather obsolete ; liga- ment large and prominent; inside white; teeth very small, and usually sublamellar. Var. Shorter and more inequilateral. Behring’s Straits. 184. Tertova morta (pl. lix. f. 123.) Hanley, Zool. Proc. 1844. T. test& ovato-oblong’, subtenui, subventricosd, impolita, sub- eequilaterali, sordidé albida, epidermide tenui et cinered induta, levigati ; marginis ventralis parte media recta aut subretusa ; dor- salis parte antic’ ¢onvexiusculé et paululum declivi, parte postica subdeclivi; extremitate antic rotundat4, posticd attenuato-rotun- datA; flexurd costaque umbonali obsoletis. Ovate-oblong, rather thin, subventricose, and nearly equilateral, 316 smooth, dull dirty white under a thin ash-coloured epidermis ; ven- tral edge straight or subretuse in the middle; dorsal shghtly con- vex and very little sloping in front, moderately slopmg behind ; front extremity rounded, the hinder rounded but attenuated ; fold and flexure obsolete. Conception, Chili. A fossil-like shell, which much resembles an elongated and swollen Hdentula. 185. Trxtma Barrutca (pl. lix. f. 121.) Lin. Sys. 1120; Chem. vol. 6. f. 128. Hanl. Des. Cat. p. 72. t. 4. f. 85. T. testa suborbiculari, subtrigond, solidi, equilateral, subven- tricosd, albidd aut pallidé carned, intus plerumque rosea, levigata ; margine ventrali arcuato et posticé sursum acclinato ; dorsali antico brevi, subdeclivi, et prope nates prominentes subrecto, demdeque convexo; margine ligamentali subrecto aut convexiusculo, et valdé declivi ; latere antico rotundato ; extremitate lateris postici angulata rotundaté; ligamento magno, prominente; flexurd costique um- bonali obsoletis ; dentibus parvis. Suborbicular, slightly triangular, thick, equilateral, more or less ventricose, white or pale flesh coloured, with the interior usually rosy, smooth, not glossy; ventral edge arcuated, rising behind ; front dorsal edge, short and not much sloping, nearly straight ad- jacent to the prominent beaks, becoming convex subsequently ; hinder dorsal edge nearly straight or but shghtly convex, much sloping; anterior side rounded ; posterior side angulated, but with the tip rounded; hgament large, and prominent ; fold and flexure obsolete ; teeth small. Baltic. Easily distinguished from the allied species, by its more rounded shape, its ventricoseness, and arcuation of its lower edge. 'T. Fab- ricil which approaches it in these respects, is less angulated behind. 186. Tetra Fusca (pl. lix. f. 117.) Psammobia fusca, Say, Jour. Ac. Nat. Sc. Philad. 5. p. 220. Sanguinolaria fusca Conrad. Am. Mar. Cone. p. 34. t. 7. f. 1; Gould, Inv. Massa. p- 66. f. 42. T. test& obovatd, solidiusculé aut subtenui, subsequilaterali, compress’ aut convexiusculd, subimpolita, albida, epidermide tenu- issimA cinerascente induta, levigat’; margine ventrali maximé et regulariter arcuato; dorsali utrmque subdechivi, anticé arcuato, SER posticé subrecto; latere antico rotundato; postico subangulato ; 317 natibus parvis acutis, prominentibus ; flexuré costfique umbonali obsoletis, ligamento prominulo ; dentibus angustissimis. Obovate, rather thin, nearly if not quite equilateral, more or less compressed or but slightly convex, scarcely at all glossy, whit- ish under a thin ashy epidermis, smooth; ventral edge regularly and greatly arcuated; the dorsal edges not much sloping, arched im front, and nearly straight behind; anterior side rounded, posterior subangulated ; beaks small, acute, and prominent ; ligament rather projecting ; fold and flexure obsolete ; teeth very narrow. “Its varieties in size, strength, and colour, are very great. In muddy bays, they grow to a larger size, and are thick and of a blueish and, sometimes, a rusty colour, and covered with a firm dark epidermis. In clean sandy localities they are very thin, pure white, or sometimes of a delicate rose or lemon colour, and the epi- dermis very slight.”— Gould. North America. 187. Tetra rmconspricua™ (pl. lix. f. 120.) Broderip and Sow., Zool. Jour. vol. 4. p. 363; Zool. to Beech. Voy. t. 41. f. 6. Hanl. Des. Cat. p. 72. T. testé Solidule affini, sed impolit&é et epidermide fusco-cine- * A species which bears some resemblance to a young Inconspicua, or Fusea, but which nevertheless is probably distinct, at least judging from the figure, for I have never been able to procure a specimen of the shell, is the TELLINA PETALUM (pl. Ixvi. f. 263.) VALENCIENNES in Zool. to Humb. and Bonpl. Voy. vol. i. p. 222. t. 48. f. 2. T. testa subovata, tenuiuscula, fragili, subzequilaterali, compressius- culi, sublevigataé, superné subrosea, inferné albido-luted, zonis sub- roseis plerumque ornaté; margine ventrali satis convexo; dorsali an- tict convexo et subdeclivi, posticé convexiusculo et declivi; latere antico rotundato; postico subangulato ; ligamento parvo, brevi; den- tibus lateralibus nullis. Subovate, thinnish, fragile, nearly imequilateral, rather compressed, nearly smooth, merely marked with the strize of growth, somewhat rosy near the beaks, becoming pale yellowish with rosaceous zones towards the ventral edge, which is but moderately convex ; front dorsal edge convex and not much sloping, hinder one but slightly convex and decidedly sloping ; anterior extremity rounded ; posterior side suban- gulated ; ligament short and small; teeth small, no lateral ones. Acupulco. 2A 318 rascente indut& ; latere antico breviore ; postico haud acuminato ; ligamento permagno ; natibus et umbonibus plerumque erosis. Very like Solidula, but the front side is the shorter one, and the posterior extremity is not at all acuminated. The surface is not glossy, is usually eroded near the beaks, and covered with an ashy- brown epidermis near the ventral margin, which is regularly sub- arcuated. The ligament is very large and prominent. Arctic Ocean. 188. Textoa Fasrtet (pl. lix. £112.) Hanley ; Venus fra- gilis, Otho Fabr., Faun. Groen. p. 415. T. test’ suborbiculari, solida, eequilaterali, convexd aut subven- tricosi, impolita, extus intusque albidi, epidermide cinerascente indutd, concentricé subrugulosi; margine ventrali magis minusve arcuato; dorsali utrinque convexiusculo, antici subdeclivi, posticé declivi; latere antico rotundato; postico vix etiam obtusissimé subangulato; natibus erosis; hgamento permagno, prominente ; flexurd obsoleté; dentibus mimmis. Suborbicular, solid, equilateral, convex or subventricose, dull white, covered by an ashy epidermis, concentrically wrinkled by the lines of growth; ventral margin more or less arcuated ; dorsal edges moderately convex, rather slopmg in front, decidedly so behind ; anterior side rounded, posterior scarcely at all angulated; beaks eroded ; ligament large, and prominent; flexure obsolete; teeth very small. There being already a T. fragilis, | am compelled to alter the orginal specific appellation of the shell. Northern Seas. 189. TeLtina soniputa (pl. lix. f. 109, 110.) Pultney, Cat. Dorset. p. 29; Mont. Test. Brit. p.63; Maton, Lin. Tr. 8; Wood, Gen. Con. 193. t. 46. f.2; Lam. no. 51; Hanl. Des. Cat. p. 70. t. 4. £. 84; T.zonata, Didlw. D. Cat. p. 100; Psammobia solidula, Turton, Biv. Brit. p.95. t. 8. f. 2; T. Balthica, Pd2/. En. Moll. Sic. vol. i. p. 28; T. rubra, Da Cost. Brit. Conch. t. 12. f. 14. T. test’ rotundato-ovata, solidd, subzequilaterali, convexi aut subventricos’, magis minusve nitida, levigata, albida, luted, auran- tid aut rose; margine ventrali anticé arcuato, posticé sursum acclinato; dorsali anticé arcuato et subdeclivi, postice declivi et vix convexiusculo; latere antico paululum longiore, rotundato ; postico acuminato ; natibus acutis, prominentibus ; costa wmbonali obsolet’; lgamento magno prominente; dentibus angustissimis et seepe obsoletis. 319 Rounded-ovate, solid, subequilateral, convex or subventricose, more or less glossy, smooth or with a few ridges of growth, very variable in colouring, being white yellow orange or rosy; ventral edge arcuated in front, and rising behind so as to form a sharp angle with the slightly convex and moderately sloping hgamental margin ; anterior side very slightly the longer and rounded ; its dorsal edge arched and moderately sloping ; ” ligament prominent ; fold obsolete ; beaks rather prominent and acute ; teeth extremely narrow, and usually obsolete. Britain ; Europe ; Senegal. 190. Tretia revs (pl. lx. f. 145.) Hanley, Zool Proc. 1844. T. test& ovata aut obovata, crassi (im adultis), subventricosa, subaquilaterali, impolita, extus intusque sordidé albida; concen- tricé rugosi, rugis interruptis, minutis, confertissimis, " clevatis ; margine “ventrali 1 magis minusve arcuato; dorsali anticé convexo et subdeclivi, posticé convexiusculo elongato declivi; latere antico paululum breviore, rotundato; postico inferné angulato; lunula (in adultis) parva, profundi; lgamento infosso ; cost. umbonali subobsoleta ; dentibus satis magnis. Ovate or obovate, solid, coarse, subventricose, subequilateral, dull dirty white both within and without, the surface roughened by minute concentrically arranged but unconnected elevated wrin- kles (reminding one of those upon Azgosa but on a much smaller scale), which however are usually (except in portions) abraded ; front dorsal edge convex after passing the small but distinct lunule ; : hgamental edge not greatly convex, and decidedly sloping so as to form an angle with the more or less arched ventral margin ; beaks inclining to the rounded extremity of the shorter anterior side ; ligament sunken but distinct; a large bifid and a simple scarcely rudimentary tooth in one valve, two rather strong diverging obtuse ones in the other. Guinea? Mus. Cuming and Walton. 191. Tenia Fracitis (pl. lvi. f. 14. and Ix. f. 149.) Lin. Syst. 1117; Chem. vol. vi. f. 84; Philip. Mol. Sic. p. 28; Poli. Test. Sic. t. 15. f. 22, 24; Petricola ochroleuca, Lam., no. 2; Payr. Cat. Corse i, 1. f. 9: 10; Hanl. Des. Cat. p. 52. sup. te ibegt dts Psammobia fragilis, Turt, Biv. Brit. p: 88., tet.f, Lg 12. T. testa ovato-trigond, solidiusculd, subpellucidd, valdé ineequi- laterali, satis tumida, subimpolita, albid& aut pallidé crocea, ad ambones flavescente aut crocea, striis remotiusculis elevatis concen- tricé asperd; margine veutrali convexo, posticé surswm acclinato ; 242 2A 2 320 dorsali utrinque satis declivi, anticé convexo, posticé prope nates subretuso demdeque convexiusculo; latere antico rotundato, bre- viore ; postico obtuse acuminato et paululum subrostrato ; natibus obtusis; flexura costAque umbonali obsoletis; superficie interna plerumque croced; dentibus satis magnis. . Var. Magis elongati, tumidi; strius lamellosis; margine ven- trali minus convexo; extremitate posticd obtuse biangulata. Ovate-trigonal, moderately solid, shghtly pellucid, very inequi- lateral, rather tumid; almost devoid of glossiness, whitish with a tinge of yellow or saffron colour (which sometimes but rarely per- vades the entire surface) upon the umbones ; rough with concen- tric elevated rather distant strie; ventral edge convex; dorsal slightly retuse on either side of the obtuse beaks, and then convex and rather sloping in front, scarcely convex but decidedly sloping behind; anterior side short and rounded; posterior obtusely acu- minated and very slightly subrostrated; fold and flexure obsolete ; inside usually of a saffron colour; teeth rather large, two diverging ones in one valve, a recurved one in the other. Var. Elongated and not at all triangular, tumid; the strive lamellar ; ventral edge scarcely at all convex ; hinder end obtusely biangulated. Scarcely a Zed/ina, but with the teeth and general characters of so many usually mcluded im that genus, that I know not how to separate it. From the figure in Delessert, the Psammotaa Tarentina of Lamarck is probably a variety of this shell. Britain, Europe. 192. Tetnma Gutnaica (pl. lx. f. 130.) Chemnitz, vol. xi. p. 348. f.1651, 1652, 1653; Dillw. Des. Cat. p. 69 ; T. polygona, Gmel.; Lam. no. 43. T. testa ovata, solidd, ventricosi, impolita, ineequilaterali, extus intusque albida, lneis rudioribus subremotis elevatis concentricé striata; margine ventrali magis mmusve convexo ; dorsali posticé subdeclivi et subrecto, anticé magis declivi et subincurvato ; latere antico brevi, rotundato ; latere postico rotundato-angulato aut obtu- sissimé cuneiformi, extremitate ejus semper rotundata; cost& um- bonali subinconspicua ; lunula distinct’ ; hgamento infosso ; denti- bus magnis. Ovate, solid, ventricose, dull, nequiateral, within and without whitish, roughened by coarse raised concentric and rather distant strize ; ventral edge more or less convex ; dorsal edge straightish and not much slopmg behind, more sloping and somewhat incurved in front; anterior side short and rounded; posterior somewhat 321 angulated below, or very obtusely wedge-shaped, the tip always rounded; fold not very distinct; ligament sunken; a distinct short lunule ; teeth very large. Guinea. This is probably the Ad2/dgaardiana of Spengler. 193, TeLtma potyeona (pl. lx. f. 189.) Chemnitz, vol. vi. p- 91. £.77; Dillw. Des. Cat. p. 77; Hanl. Des. Cat. p. 69. t. 3. f.11; T. multangula, Gme/., 3230; Lam. no. 42. T. testa ovato-oblonga, solid4, ventricos4, ineequilaterali, impo- lita, extus intusque albida, lineis elevatis confertis concentricé striata, anticé breviore, posticé subcuneiformi; margine ventrali subrecto; dorsali anticé paululum declivi, posticé longo subrecto declivi; extremitate anticé obtusa; posticd attenuata et biangulata ; flexurd costique umbonali perspicuis ; ligamento subinfosso ; den- tibus magnis. Ovate-oblong, solid, ventricose, inequilateral, not glossy, whitish within and without, roughened by coarse crowded concentric raised strie, shorter in front, somewhat wedge-shaped behind; ventral edge straightish, but rendered wavy by two extremely obsolete and subcentral radiating ridges ; anterior extremity obtuse, dorsal edge short and scarcely at all sloping; posterior tip narrow and bian- gulated, the ligamental margin long straightish and sloping; fold and flexure evident ; teeth large. Guinea. 194. Tettma Brueurert (pl. xu. f.192.) Hanley, Zool. Proc. 1844; Ene. Meth. t. 231. f. 2. T. test& rotundato-trigond, solid, subsequilaterali, convexa, im- polit, extus intusque albida, sublaevigati, (aut striis exilibus ob- soletis radiantibus strias concentricas tenuissimas decnssantibus) ; margine ventrali convexo aut subarcuato ; dorsali posticé elevatiore valdé declivi et paululum convexo, anticé arcuato et declivi; ex- tremitate anticd obtusa; posticd rotundata ; natibus prominentibus, et anticé incumbentibus; flexurd costique umbonali obsoletis ; ligamento infosso ; lunuld parvé; dentibus maximis. Suborbicular, subtriangular, solid, nearly equilateral, convex, white within and without, dull, nearly smooth, when closely ex- amined some of the adult specimens present the appearance of a most minute decussation, caused by the intersection of delicate obsolete radiating lines and very fine concentric strie, which latter are chiefly apparent near the convex or subarcuated ventral mar- gin; posterior dorsal edge abruptly sloping, shghtly convex, and 322 more elevated than the arcuated and moderately sloping anterior ; front extremity broad and rounded, hinder one obtuse; ligament sunken; fold and flexure obsolete; beaks prominent and inching forward; teeth extremely large. Isle of Panay, Philippines (Cuming). 195. Trrrina aura (pl. lai. f. 200.) Conrad, Jour. Ac. N.S. Philad. vol. vu. p. 258; Hanl. Des. Cat. p. 71. T. test obovali, subventricos4, crassiusculé, subineequilaterali, impolita, concentricé et confertim rugosa, extus imtusque albida ; margine ventrali subrecto; dorsal utrinque paululum declivi, an- ticé convexo, posticé recto; latere antico longiore, rotundato ; extremitate posticé obtusé biangulaté; costé umbonali lata, planu- lati; natibus recté incurvatis ; lgamento infosso; dentibus an- gustis. Oboval, slightly ventricose, thickish, slightly mequilateral, dull white, w ith crowded concentric wrinkles ; ventral edge straightish ; dorsal little sloping on either side, convex in front, rectilinear be- hind; anterior side rather the longer, rounded at its extremity ; posterior side obtusely biangulated; umbonal ridge broad but flattened ; beaks directly incurved ; ligament sunken ; inside white ; the teeth narrow; the hinge margm broad. California. 196. TeLtina EpHrppium (pl. Ixv. f. 244.) Spengler, loc. cit. T. test’ Lacunose simillima, sed valdé imeequivalvi et plané ineequilaterali ; cost& umbonali angustissima, carinata. Closely resembling Lacunosa, but decidedly mequivalve and in- equilateral ; the umbonal ridge narrow and carinated in the flatter valve, replaced by a linear indentation in the other. East Indies (Spengler). 197. Tecima tacunosa (pl. lxv. f. 252.) Chem., vol. iv. . 92. £78; Lam. no. 39; Enc. Meth. t. 290. f. 14; Hanl. Des. Cat. p. 69. t. 3. £12; T. papyracea, Gmel. T. testé obovali, ventricosé, subinzequivalvi, subzequilaterali, tenuiuscula, subpellucidi, extus intusque candida, subleevigata, medio contorto-lacunosi; margine ventrali subrecto sed contorto ; dorsali antico subarcuato; lgamentali subdeclivi, subrecto ; latere antico lato, rotundato; postico lato, obtuso; natibus prominenti- bus, incurvatis; igamento subinfosso; costé umbonali lata, ob- tusa. 323 Var. Testa crassiore ; parte superiore lateris postici partem in- feriorem superante. Oboval, rather thin, very slightly inequivalve, nearly inequilateral, ventricose, somewhat pellucid, white, nearly smooth or with delicate concentric wrinkles, which are chiefly apparent near the rounded anterior extremity; ventral edge nearly straight (as to convexity), but much twisted, owing to the concavity in front of the obtuse but prominent umbonal slope in one of the valves; dorsal edge scarcely sloping, arcuated in front, straightish behind ; extremity of the hinder side (which is slightly the shorter) very obtusely biangulated; ligament rather sunken; beaks broad and cirectly incurved ; teeth small. Var. Thicker and coarser; a broader space from the umbonal ridge to the posterior end, which latter projects at its upper ex- tremity. Guinea. 198. Tenuiva specrasiuis (pl. Ixv. f. 254.) Hanley, Zool. Proc. 1844: T. test& ovato-trapeziformi, subtenui, maximé ineequilaterali, ventricosa, impoliti, extus intusque albidi; concentricé striata, striis clevatis, tenuibus, rugosis; margine ventrali paululum con- vexo; dorsali anticé convexo et declivi, posticé recto aut subin- curvato et maximé declivi; extremitate lateris antici longioris obtusa ; extremitate posticd truncato-cuneiformi, obtusd biangu- lat&; flexura costique umbonali conspicuis; ligamento magno, haud prominente ; dentibus minimis. Ovate, subtrapeziform, not solid, extremely inequilateral, ven- tricose, dull, white both internally and externally, with fine raised concentric wrinkles, which are rather distant near the beaks, but become closer towards the but little convex ventral margin ; ante- rior side produced, its dorsal edge convex and sloping (in the young it is at first almost parallel with the ventral) ; its extremity obtuse or more rarely rounded ; posterior side extremely short, its extremity truncato-cuneiform and obtusely biangulated, the ligamental edge abruptly sloping and straight or slightly incurved ; fold and flexure prominent, the former subcarinated in the young ; ligament large but not projecting ; teeth minute. Bay of Manilla and Isle of Siquijor. 199. Tertiva Domser (pl. Ixii. f£. 182, and pl. Ixiv. f. 222.) Hanley, Zool. Proc. 1844. T. test& obovata aut ovali, subineequivalvi, magis minusve so- lida, subventricosi, subimpolita, sublevigata, extus mtusque albida, umbonibus aurantio-roseis; margine ventrali subrecto aut paulu- lum convexo ; dorsali antico vix declivi et prope nates prominulas subretuso, demde magis minusve convexo; margine hgamentali declivi, subrecto; extremitate antici rotundatai; latere postico breviore, obtusé cuneiformi; flexurd subobsoleti, (rarius distincta) ; ligamento imfosso. Var. Test& majore, impolité, opaci, concentricé subrugosa, umbonibus haud erubescentibus; flexurd costique umbonali dis- tinctis. Varying in form from obovate to oval, more or less solid, rather ventricose, rarely at all glossy, whitish with the umbones reddish crimson, nearly smooth, (in full grown individuals with a few con- centric striz near the scarcely convex ventral margin, whose flexure is rarely distinct) ; anterior side the longer, sometimes greatly, at others scarcely so, its dorsal edge for about half its length from the rather prominent beaks somewhat retuse and nearly parallel to the lower edge, thence declining in a convex slope to the rounded termination ; hinder extr emity more or less obtusely wedge-shaped, the ligamental edge sloping strongly, and being more or less straight ; hgament eanleerie ; the inner disk red; one umbone projecting beyond the other. Var. Larger, dull, opaque, the umbones not coloured, the sur- face somewhat wrinkled concentrically ; fold and flexure distinct. Panama, the variety from ‘Tumbez. 200. Tertiva ancutata (pl. Ixv. f. 250.) Chemnitz, vol. vi. p. 89. f. 74, 75 ; Wood, Gen. Conch. p. 146. t. 43. f. 1; Schroet. Hinl. vol. 1. t. 7. £8; Lutraria Tellinoides, Zam.; Deles. t.3. f. 5; Hanl. Des. Cat. p. 27. sup. t. 11. f. 33. T. testi subovali, ineequivalvi, solidiusculé, imeequilaterali, con- vexi aut subventricosa, extus intusque alba, subleevigaté ; margine ventrali subrecto aut convexiusculo; dorsali utrimque paululum declivi aut subdeclivi et subrecto, posticé elevatiore, anticé prope nates subincurvato ; latere antico obtuso aut rotundato, longiore ; extremitate posticd obtusi, subattenuati, aut obtussimé biangu- lati; natibus prominentibus incurvatis, acutis; cost& umbonali satis distinct; ligamento parvo, angusto, infosso; dentibus ob- soletis. Somewhat oval, inequivalve, tolerably strong, moderately inequi- lateral, convex or subventricose, white both within and without, nearly smooth; ventral edge straightish or but slightly convex ; anterior side the longer, its extremity rounded when the straightish 325 dorsal edge (which is slightly incurved near the beaks) is mode- rately sloping, when but little sloping obtuse; posterior extremity very obtusely biangulated, or attenuated and obtuse; beaks acute prominent and incurved; fold tolerably distinct; ligament small narrow and sunken ; teeth obsolete. Ceylon and Isle of Negros, Philippines; (Cuming). This is not the Z. anugulata of Linneus, which I believe to be a Psammobia. 201. TELLINA GUBERNACULUM (pl. lxii. f. 186.) Hanley, Zool. Proc. 1844. T. test& subovati, subineequivalvi, tenui, compressiuscula, levi, extus intusque albida, valdé ineequilaterali ; margme ventrali con- vexiusculo, anticé sursum acclinato; dorsali anticé magis minusve convexo et declivi, posticé recto brevi et subito declivi; extremitate lateris antici longioris rotundato-attenuata ; extremitate posticd brevissima, truncato-cuneiformi; flexurd cost&que umbonali obso- letis ; igamento infosso; dentibus parvis. Var. Testé magis elongata; latere postico brevissimo; margine dorsali posticé maximé declivi, anticé subrecto. Subovate, rather inequivalve, thin, somewhat compressed, smooth, whitish, very inequilateral ; ventral edge moderately convex, sloping upwards in front; dorsal more or less convex and sloping ante- niorly, but short straight and abruptly declining posteriorly ; ante- rior side produced, its extremity attenuated and rounded ; poste- rior side extremely short and truncato-cuneiform ; fold and flexure obsolete; ligament sunken; teeth small. Var. More elongated ; hinder side extremely short; dorsal edge nearly straight in front, most abruptly slopimg behind. Real Lejos, Central America (Cuming). 202. Trrima rruncata. (pl. lxu. f.198.) Jonas, Ab. und Bes. Conch. part 3. t. 5. f. 2. T. testa ovali-subtrigona, solidiusculé, subineequivalvi, subven- tricosa, subimpolita, extus intusque alba, subleevigatd, valdé ine- quilaterali; margine ventrali subrecto ; dorsali anticé convexiusculo et declivi aut subdeclivi, posticé recto subelongato et valdeé declivi ; latere antico producto, ad extremitatem rotundato-attenuato ; la- tere postico subcuneiformi, ad extremitatem angusto et subangu- lato ; flexuraé subobsoleté; lgamento magno, infosso; dentibus primariis distinctis. Oval-subtriangular, tolerably strong, slightly mequivalve, rather ventricose, rather dull white, nearly smooth, very inequilateral ; 2B 326 ventral edge nearly straight; anterior side attenuated, produced and rounded, its dorsal edge sloping and tolerably convex ; poste- rior side nearly wedge-shaped, the extremity narrow and subangu- lated, the dorsal edge straight, rather long m proportion and strongly sloping; flexure almost entirely obsolete; ligament large and sunken; inside white; teeth distinct. Bay of Manilla (Cuming). Not unlike Gubernaculum but the hinder side in that species is less wedge-shaped, the tip being broader, and the hgamental edge decidedly shorter. 203. Teniina pettucipa (pl. lx. f. 118.) Phedippi, Ab und. Bes. Conch. part 3. t. 5. f. 4. T. testa ovata aut obovata, tenui, meequilaterali, convex4, mitida, extus intusque nived, levigati; margime ventrali convexo, postice sursum. acclinato ; dorsali antic3 convexo et paulo declivi, posticé convexiusculo et declivi ; ; extremitate lateris antici longioris rotun- dati; extremitate postici obtusi aut rotundata ; natibus acutis, haud prominentibus ; ligamento fulvo, infosso; cost&é umbonali obsoleté; dentibus angustis, minimis. Var. Test& abbreviaté; margine dorsali utrinque magis declivi et minus convexo. More or less ovate, thin, decidedly convex, inequilateral, pure glossy white both within and without, smooth, or with a few lines of growth; anterior side the longer, its extremity rounded, its dorsal edge convex and but little sloping; hinder side clearly the shorter, its dorsal edge sloping and but shghtly convex, tip ob- tusely rounded; ventral edge convex (or even subarcuated) and inclining upward posteriorly ; ; ligament yellow and sunken; beaks acute but not prominent ; umbonal ridge obsolete; teeth minute. Var. Abbreviated; the dorsal edges more sloping and less convex. Bay of Mamila (Cuming). 204. Trntiva Cutnensis (pl. lvi. f. 18.) Hanley, Zool. Proc. 1844. T. testA ovali, solidiusculé, convexf, subineequilaterali, impolita, extus intusque candida, levigaté; margine ventrali subrecto ; dor- sali anticé convexiusculo et paululum declivi, posticé subrecto satisque declivi; extremitate posticd obtusi; latere antico longiore, rotundato ; ligamento ?; costa umbonali obsoleta. Oval, tolerably strong, convex, slightly imequilateral, dull white, smooth; ventral edge nearly straight; anterior side the longer, 327 rounded at its extremity, its dorsal edge scarcely at all slopmg and moderately convex ; posterior extremity obtuse, the hinder dorsal edge moderately sloping and nearly straight; lgament is umbonal ridge obsolete ; inside white. China (Mus. Brit.). 205. Tevtrna rrierpa (pl. lix. f.119.) Hanley, Zool. Proc. 1844, T. test& ovali, solidiusculd, convex’, meequilaterali, nitida, al- bidé (intus candida), levigataé, utrmque rotundata; margine ven- trali convexo; dorsali antico subdeclivi, convexo; latere postico plané breviore; natibus inconspicuis; flexurd costique umbonali obsoletis ; dentibus minimis. Oval, tolerably strong, convex, inequilateral, glossy, whitish, smooth, rounded at each extremity; ventral edge convex ; front dorsal convex and moderately slopimg; posterior side decidedly the shorter; beaks not prominent; fold and flexure obsolete ; teeth minute ; inside white. Kamskatchka. 206. Tuniina Granpis (pl. xv. f. 247.) Hanley, Zool. Proc. 1844. T. testa ovali, subtrigona, solid4, subineequivalvi, levi, convexa, subimpolitaé, extus intusque albida, anticé rotundati; margine ventrali convexiusculo; dorsali utrinque declivi, posticé recto aut subrecto, anticé vix convexiusculo; extremitate lateris antici bre- vioris obtus&; flexurd costaque umbonali subobsoletis ; hgamento magno Subtriangularly oval, solid, sightly mequivalve, convex, smooth, rather of a dull white under an almost imperceptible epidermis, which is only visible near the but little convex ventral margin ; anterior side clearly the longer, its extremity rounded, its dorsal edge but little convex and moderately slopmg, lgamental edge straight, and strongly slopmg; posterior termination obtuse ; fold and flexure almost entirely obsolete; inside white, the hinge-plate strong, the teeth of a moderate size. Tumbez, Peru. 207. Tenia secta (pl. Ixv. f. 245, 248.) Conrad, Jour. Ac. N.S. Philad. vol. vii. p. 257. Hank Des. Cat. p. 67. T. testa solidiusculd, ineequivalvi, nitid’, extus intusque can- dida, levigata; alterd valvula convex4, altera complanatai; mar- gine ventrali subarcuato; dorsali utrinque haud multum declivi, 2B2 328 et prope ligamentum magnum. inciso; extremitate antici rotun- data; costa “umbonali magis minusve conspicui; dentibus prima- riis distinctis ; margine cardinal sub ligamento intus incrassato, superficie interna mpolta. Testd seniore obovali, zequilaterali; margine dorsali subhorizon- tali, convexiusculo ; latere antico lato; extremitate postici obtusa ; margine postico angulum obtusum cum margine ventrali formante ; ligamento maximo. ” Testd juniore sicut in seniore, sed ovali, inequilaterali ; margine dorsali antico subdeclivi; latere antico longiore, attenuato. Var. Test& ovali, ineequilaterali, margine dorsali antico subde- clivi; latere antico longior e, plerumque ad extremitatem attenuato ; extremitate postic’. angulaté; margine ventrali posticé submeur- vato et magis sursum acclinato. Tnequivalve, tolerably strong, smooth, glossy, rounded in front ; one valve convex, the other flattened ; ventral margin subarcuated ; dorsal edges not greatly sloping, near the large ligament (under which the hinge margin is internally thickened) with an incision ; wmbonal ridge more or less conspicuous ; teeth distinct. Adult. Oboval, equilateral, hinge-margin subhorizontal and slightly convex; anterior side broad; hinder extremity obtuse ; posterior edge forming one obtuse angle with the ventral ; ligament very large. Young. Resembling the adult, but oval and imequilateral; the front dorsal edge moderately sloping; anterior side the longer, attenuated at its termination. Var. Oval, inequilateral ; front dorsal edge moderately sloping ; anterior side the longer, and generally attenuated at its extremity ; posterior end angulated, the hinder ventral edge being somewhat incurved and sloping upward. California. To this section belong, likewise, the 7. /ateralis and brevifrons of Say, which, however, | am unable to identify ; and as the species have not been recognised by any subsequent conchologists, and are unknown even to the naturalists of the United States, I cannot, consequently, add to descriptions which will not exactly apply to any Tellens I am acquainted with. “'TELLINA LATERALIS, Say, Journ. Ac. Nat. Sci. Philad. Transversely subovate, subequilateral ; posterior (anterior) mar- 329 gin regularly rounded, anterior (posterior) margin beaked, the rostrum turned to the left and slightly gaping, ligament slope straight ; basal margin regularly arcuated, a little contracted near the beak ; valves whitish, often tinged with ferruginous, with small concentric wrinkles and slight waves; within white, a little sculp- tured by the external waves; no lateral teeth, two cardinal in one valve, and one with another hardly elevated filiform one in the other. South coast of the United States.” TELLINA BREVIFRONS Say, Am. Conch. t. 64. f. 1. Ovate, thin, fragile, not very convex, white, tinged particularly on the umbo with pale dull fulvous; with transverse (concentric) slender striz, and in a particular light obsolete longitudinal (radi- ating) striz are visible; beaks much anterior (posterior) to the middle, forming an angle in consequence of the anterior and pos- terior hinge-margin being rectilinear to a considerable distance, the latter parallel to the base ; anterior (posterior) side short and ab- rupt, rounded at the tip, and with a submarginal undulation ; posterior (anterior) side more than as long again as the anterior (posterior), rounded at tip; within much more deeply coloured with fulvous! cardinal teeth, two in the left and one in the night valve ; lateral teeth none.” The shell is represented in the drawing as nearly an inch long, of a pale rose-colour (!), and of a subelliptical contour, a shape . neither agreeing with the description nor with the further state- ment that “its outline corresponds with 7. dowacina, but is more convex” (!). I regard it as a very doubtful and ill-defined species. A single specimen only has been met with by Dr. Ravenel in South Carolina. The Y. dintea of Conrad, which, being described in company with recent shells, I had introduced into my ‘ Descriptive Cata- logue,’ I have since ascertained to be fossil. PEP 330 TELLINA. LIST OF PLATES LVI. ro LXVI. Prats LVI. Fig. Fig. 37, 38. Tel. carnaria, Sp. 69. 1. Tel. Guildingii, Sp. 16. 39. — splendida, 67. 2,3. — robusta, 56. 4. — pulchella, 17. Puate LVI. 5. — virgulata, 18. 40. — spinosa, 77. 6. — distorta, 19. 41. — pumila, 105. 7. — pudica, 46. 42. — virgo, 118. 8. — semen, 51. 43. — crystallina, 89. 9. — casta, 57. 44. — ineequalis, 104. 10. — balaustina, 58. A ostracea, 87. 11. — obliquilineata, 59. 46,47. — lineata, 22. 12. — donacina, 20. 48. — subtruncata, 83. 13. — umbonella, 150. 49. — mera, ies 101. 14. — fragilis, 191. 50. — Corbuloides, 108. 51. — culter, 107. 15. — carnicolor, 75. : 16. — bimaculata, 52. 52. — felix, 110. 17. — Senegalensis, 68. 53. — Hiberna, 112. 54. — hilaris, 111. 18. — Chinensis, 204. ; 55,56. — Philippinarum, 106. i 32, {— bimaculata, 52. 57. — Corbuloides, 108. 23, 24. — ampullacea, 60. 58. — inequistriata, 31. 25. — tulipa, 21. 59. — tenera, 114. 26. — Gouldi, 92. 60. — polita, 113. 27. — decora, 120. 61. — Cycladiformis, 102. 28, 29. — flexuosa, 72. 62. — fabula, 123. 30. — pisiformis, 71. 63. — juvenilis, 125. 31. — Cyrenoidea, 66. 64. — subrosea, 146. 32. — Lucinoides, 53. 65. — similis, 119. 335 — nus, 54: 96. — Deshayesii, 2. 34. — pinguis, 55. 97. — vestalis, 132. 35, 36. — lineata, 22. 68. — Valtonis, 116. 69. Tel. truncatula, Sp. 131. 70. — emarginata, 130. 71. — lux, 126. Pratt LVIII. 72. — Cumingii, 3. 73. — Cumana,148. 74, 75. — Antonii, 5. 76. — aurora, 153. 77. — verrucosa, 6. 78.79. — crucigera, 4. 80. — ineequistriata, 31. 81, 82. — tenuis, 124. 83. — formosa, 163. 84. — vernalis, 127. 85. — lilum, 158. 86, 87. — lanceolata, 133. 88. — iridescens, 122. 89. — punicea, 33. 90. — coccinea, 143. 91. — eburnea, 36. 92. — rhomboides, 162. 93. — rhodon, 144. 94. — ancilla, 160. Ones = assimilis, 157. 96, 97. — rhomboides, 162. 98. — lucerna, 152. 99. — Burneti, 90. 100. — conspicua, 136. Prats LIX. 101. — nitida, 168. 102. — Bodegensis, 161. 103. — lutea, 165. 104. — exilis, 117. 105. — rhodora, 109. 106. — micans, 170. 107. — undulata, 174. 108. — dispar, 164, 331 Fig. LO9F 110: REY. 112. 113, 114. BED. 116. any aid MG: 120. 120. 122. 123. 124. 125. 126. Lee 128, EE 130. 131. 132. 133. 134. 135. 136. 137. 138. 139. 140. 141. 142. 143. 144. 145, 146. 147, Tel. solidula, Sp. 189. — Souleyeti, 169. — Fabricii, 188. — dispar, 164. — proxima, v.macroma, 180. — scalpellum, 173. — fusca, 186. — pellucida, 203. — frigida, 205. — inconspicua, 187. — Balthica, 185. — cygnus, 175. — inornata, 184. — planissima, 140. — cuspis, 172. — obliquilineata, 59. — decora, 120. — deltoidalis, 62. — plebeia, 149. — Guinaica, 192. Prats LX. — Antonii, 5. — fimbriata, 73. — Owenii, 25. — Psammotella, 129. asperrima, 9. insculpta, 128. ala, 176. suleata, 10. perplexa, 86. regia, 35. acuminata, 139. incarnata, 115. nobilis, 151. sincera, 70. irus, 190. dias C76. ovalis, 142. Fig. Fig. 148. Tel. staurella,Sp. 15. : 184, Tel. decussata, Sp. 74. 149. — fragilis, 191. 185. — Capsoides, 85. 150. — triangularis, 138. 186. — gubernaculum, 201. 151. — plebeia, 149. 187. — lyra, 91. 152. — prora, 39. 188. — miles, 171. 153. — rubescens, 38. 189. — polygona, 193. 154. — punicea, 33. 190. — Cayennensis, 178. 155. — imbellis, 103. 191. — pliata, 88. PaaeelN 192. — Brugweri, 194. 193. — alba, 179. 194. — purpurascens, 141. 195. — candida, 155. 196. — nymphalis, 177. 197. — planissima, 140. 198. — truncata, 202. 199. — elongata, 156. 200. — alta, 195. 156. — gargadia, 76. 157. — rostrata, 1. 158. — Timorensis, 135. 159. — alternata, 37. 160. — pristis, 84. 161. — striata, 34. 162, 1638. — vulsella, 27. 164. — albinella, 29. 165. — pulcherrima, 8. Piate LXIII. 166. — albinella, 29. 167. — hyalina, 134. 168. — laceridens, 40. 169. — crassa, 78. 170. — rosea, 30. 171. —-staurella, 15: 172. — Timorensis, 135. 173. — crassa, 78. 174. — planata, 99. 175. — striatula, 61. 176. — laceridens, 40. 177. — plectrum, 79. 201. —- magna, 96, 202. — perna, 28. 203. — sinuosa, 137. 204. — virgata, 12. 205. — Sowerbii, 47. 206. — princeps, 32. 207. —— interrupta, 11. 208. — chloroleuca, 49. 209. — Tongana, 42. 210. —- chloroleuca, 49. 211. — strigosa, 98. 212. — virgata, 12. Prate LXII. 213. — rufescens, 167. 178. — crucigera, 4. 214. — jubar, 13. 179. — Brasiliana, 45. 215. — Pharaonis, 26. 180. — Mars, 94. 216. — marginalis, 14. 181. — gargadia, 76. 217. — perna, 28. 182. — Dombei, 199. 218. — Madagascariensis, 41. 183. —— calcarea, 181. 219, — perna, 28. Fig. Fig. 221, 220. Tel. radiata, Sp. 44. 244. Prare LXIV. co 222. — Dombei, 199. 247. 223. — Galathea, 154. 24.8. 224. — nasuta, 182. 24.9. 225. — levigata, 50. 250. 226. — remies, 65. 251. 227. — levigata, 50. 252. 228. — discus, 64. 253. 229. — deltoidalis, 62. O54. 230. — fausta, 63. 231. — rastellum, var. 7. 232. — discus, 64. 955. 233. — rugosa, 82. 256. 234. — fausta, 63. 257. 235. — scobinata, 80. 258. 236. — lingua-felis, 81. 259. 237. — lata, 48. 260. 238, — rugosa, 42. 261. : 262. Pirate LXV. 263. 239. — magna, 96. Q64. 240. — Sol, 97. 265. 241. — elegans, 43. 266. 242. — rastellum, 7. 267. 243. — edentula, 183. 268. acuminata, Sp, 139. ala, 176. alba, 179. albinella, 29. alta, 195. alternata, 37. ampullacea, 60. 333 Tel. ephippium, Sp. 196. secta, 207. Columbiensis, 166. grandis, 206. secta, 207. lutea, 165. angulata, 200. Listeri, 103. — lacunosa, 197. foliacea, 95. spectabilis, 198. Pirate LXVI. rubicunda, 93. serrata, 94. margaritacea, 147. — laceridens, var. 40. donacina, v. Lantivyi, 20. decora, 120. staurella, v. scalaris. 15. Oudardi, 145. petalum, p. 317, note. proxima, 180. incarnata, 115. tenta, 159. iris, 121. mera, 101. ALPHABETICAL INDEX. ancilla, Sp. 160. angulata, 200. Antonu, 5. assimilis, 157. asperrima, 9. aurora, 153. balaustina, 58. Balthica, Sp. 185. bimaculata, 52. Bodegensis, 161. Brasiliana, 45. Bruguieri, 194. Burneti, 90. calcarea, 181. candida, 155. Capsoides, 85, carnaria, 69. carnicolor, 75. casta, 57. Cayennensis, 178. Chinensis, 204. chloroleuca, 49. coccinea, 143. Columbiensis, 166. conspicua, 136. Corbuloides, 108. crassa, 78. crucigera, 4, crystallina, 89. culter, 107. Cumana, 148, Cumingii, 3. cuspis, 172. Cycladiformis, 102. cygnus, 175. Cyrenoidea, 66. decora, 120. decussata, 74. deltoidalis, 62. Deshayesii, 2. discus, 64. dispar, 164. distorta, 19. Dombei, 199. donacina, 20. eburnea, 36. edentula,Sp. 183. elegans, 43. elongata, 156. emarginata, 130. ephippium, 196. exis, 117. Fabricii, 188. fabula, 123. fausta, 63. felix, 110. fimbriata, 73. flexuosa, 72. foliacea, 95. formosa, 163. fragilis, 191. frigida, 205. fusca, 186. Galatheea, 154. gargadia, 76. gelida, 23. Gouldii, 72. grandis, 206. gubernaculum, 201. Guildingii, 16. Guinaica, 192. Hiberna, 112. hilaria, 111. hyalina, 134. imbellis, 100. inaequalis, 104. inzequistriata, 31. incarnata, 115. inconspicua, 187. inornata, 184. insculpta, 128. interrupta, 11. iridescens, 122. iris, le irus, 190. 335 jubar, Sp. 13. Philippinarum, Sp. 106. juvenilis, 125. pinguis, 55. laceridens, 40. pisiformis, 71. lacunosa, 197. planata, 99. leevigata, 50. planissima, 14.0. lanceolata, 133. plebeia, 149. lata, 48. plectrum, 79. lium, 158. plicata, 88. lingua-felis, 81. polita, 113. lineata, 22. polygona, 193. Listeri. 103. princeps, 32. lucerna, 152. pristis, 84. Lucinoides, 53. prora, 39. lutea, 165. proxima, 180. lux, 126. Psammotella, 129. lyra, 91. pudica, 46. Madagascariensis, 41. pulchella, 17. magna, 96. pulcherrima, 8. margaritina, 147. pumila, 105. marginalis, 14. punicea, 33. Mars, 94. purpurascens, 141. mera, 101. radiata, 44. micans, 170. rastellum, 7. miles, 171. regia, 35. nasuta, 182. remies, 65. nitida, 168. rhodon, 144. nobilis, 151. rhodora, 109. nux, 54. rhomboides, 162. nymphalis, 177. robusta, 56. obliquilineata, 59. rosea, 30. ostracea, 87. rostrata, 1. Oudardi, 145. rubescens, 38. ovalis, 142. rubicunda, 93. Owenii, 25. rufescens, 167. pellucida, 203. rugosa, 82. perna, 28. scalpellum, 173. perplexa, 86. scobinata, 80. petalum, p. 317, note. secta, 207. Pharaonius, 26. semen, 51. Senegalensis, Sp. 68. serrata, 24. similis, 119. sincera, 70. sinuata, 137. sol, 97. solidula, 189. Souleyeti, 169. Sowerbu, 47. spectabilis, 198. spinosa, 77. splendida, 67. staurella, 15. striata, 34. striatula, 61. strigosa, 98. subrosea, 146. subtruncata, 83. sulcata, 10. 356 tenera, Sp. 114. tenta, 159. tenuis, 124. Timorensis, 135. Tongana, 42. triangularis, 138. truncata, 202. truncatula, 131. tulipa, 21. umbonella, 150. undulata, 174. Valtonis, 116. vernalis, 127. verrucosa, 6. vestalis, 182. virgata, 12. virgo, 118. virgulata, 18. vulsella, 27. ee GB.Sowerky. Jun™ 3S 8 z S 8 N ate aia 7 = a -e 6 >, ‘ * Pa S nat. diam s 1 ; ris * . " . , 7 y aan) * . , ¢ rie u iy } i ‘ Py 13 f f : ‘hs Fs ‘ i { H i ¥ s \, be ) rl * y ‘ J hs : f F a * a | s w i ra f if { ‘i Fr * ” f ‘ _ ; * ‘ IXIT { i :, Ps i q ' Pi ue - 4 > $nat diam LX j ee 2M dit i er £ > nal. diam LXV GBS. Jun? , , : _ 4 Ces ie = : ; z “= fe 3 4 be ks rer ae a, & rx Ta pa os had 3 , ‘Le a fay Bs > ul ‘ ; Ea mi t S ales | " ‘ i Phy ie Mt { a ‘ 4 , A wae LXVI Nal. ALAIN. OF 2F 7 337 MONOGRAPH OF THE GENUS LINGULA, Brug. By G. B. Sowrrsy, F.L.S., erc. Char. Gen. Testa tenuis, subzequivalvis, equilateralis, ovato- elongata, depressa, apice subtruncato, basi subacuta, pediculo affixi. Impressiones musculares in utraque valva quatuor, ad utrumque latus duze, altera basalis, altera subcentralis. Shell thin, consisting for the most part of a horny epidermis, lined with a small quantity of calcareous matter within; its gene- ral form when the valves are closed is an elongated oval, com- pressed and much resembling a duck’s bill, (whence the specific appellation of the first known species). The two valves are very nearly equal, the dorsal being somewhat thicker and more acumi- nated at the base. When in a state of rest, the two valves are closed at the edges in all parts. ‘There is neither hgament nor hinge, the two valves being held together by the adductor muscles. Muscular impressions several in each valve, arranged in pairs, one pair nearly central, another toward the posterior part, and a third, small and double, close to the posterior apex. The shell is attached by a peduncle which is fixed within the apex of the dorsal valve. Of recent species seven are here described and figured, more than double that number are known in a fossil state, as charac- terizing the various secondary and tertiary deposites. DESCRIPTIONS. 1. Linevta anatina (pl. lxvn. f. 1, 2, 3, 9,10.) Lam. L. testa oblong’, compress, longitudinaliter substriati, apicis basisque valvarum latitudine equali, apice subtrilobo, valva ven- trali medio intis longitudinaliter incrassata. Shell oblong, compressed, slightly striated longitudinally, equal 338 in width at both ends; apex somewhat trilobate; ventral valve longitudinally thickened near the centre withm. Fig. 1 represents the usual variety with its peduncle. Fig. 2, inside of the dorsal valve. Fig. 3, imside of the ventral,valve. Fig. 9, a variety of a brown colour, found in sand at low water, at the Island of Siquijor, by Mr. Cuming. Fig. 10, a dark coloured variety. From the Indian Ocean and the Moluccas, H. Cuming. 2. Liveura Hrans (pl. Ixvin. f. 4.) Swadns. L. testi elongato-oblonga, tenuissimé, angustioril, prope basin paulatim attenuatd, convexiuscula. Shell of a lengthened oblong form, very thin and rather narrow, shghtly attenuated and rather convex toward the base. Distinguished from L. anatina by being much thinner and of a more delicate green colour; it is also slightly and gradually atte- nuated toward the base; it only gapes at the extremities when the valves are separated from the animal and dried. 3. Lineuta AupEBaARD! (pl. lxvu. f. 5.) Brod. Zool. Proc. 1833. p. 100. L. testa elongato-oblongd, glabra, pallideé flava, viridi transversim pict’, margine antico rotundato, vinidi. “The rounded anterior edge of this shell is given and the trans- verse lines of that colour are produced by the progressive increase of the shell which is small and parchment lke. In all the dred specimens the thin anterior edge is contracted into a square form, but in its natural state this edge is rounded. A general contrac- tion moreover gives the dried shells a narrower and more ventricose character than they really possess, and the remains of the ci/ia of the mantle give to their edges a bearded appearance.”—Brod. Found by Mr. Cuming im hard coarse sand at about half tide, from four to six inches below the surface, at the Island of Punam in the Bay of Guayaquil. 4, LincuLa sEMEN (pl. Ixvn. f. 11.) Brod. 1. ¢. L. testa ovato-oblonga, crassiuscula, plana, albida, laeevissima, polita, margine antico rotundato. Shell ovate-oblong, thickish, flattened, whitish, very smooth and polished; anterior margin rounded. «This shell is much firmer than is usual to Lingu/a, so firm indeed as not to have contracted at all in drying. In size and appearance it bears a near resemblance to a melon seed.”—Brod. Dredged off the Isle of Plata, West Columbia; H. Cuming. 393 5. Lineuta tumrputa (pl. Ixvu. f. 7.) Reeve, Zool. Proc. 1841. p. 100. L. test& tenui, corned, subquadrata, lata, rufescente-olivaced, radi- atim irregulariter striata, apice subtrilobo. Broader in proportion than any other known species ; it is some- what narrower toward the base than at the apex, and it is irregu- larly and somewhat radiately striated from the base to the broad and subtrilobate apex. New Holland. Lingula compressa of Reeve is only a badly preserved specimen of this species. Masbate, H. Cuming. 6. Lineuta ovatus (pl. Ixvu. f. 8.) Reeve, Zool. Proc. 1841. pe 00: L. testa oblongo-ovali, subcompress4, tenui, anticé rotundata. Distinguished from other species by its regularly oblong-oval shape, both ends being nearly similar. Sandwich Islands, H. Cuming. 7. Lineuta arprpa (pl. lxvun. f. 6.) Hinds, Moll. Voy. of the Sulphur, p. 71. t.12. f. 4. L. testa oblonga, levi, complanata, anticé truncata, ubique albida ; pediculo brevi, cylindraceo. “This species is distinguished by its uniform dead white colour, and very short pedicle, which does not exceed half the length of the shelly portion.” —/Hinds, Bay of Magdalena, California. EXPLANATION OF PLATE LXVILI. 1. 2. 3. Lingula anatina, Sp. 1. 4. hians, 2. Audebardi, 3. albida, 7. tumidula, 5. ovalis, 6. anatina, var. 1. ——— anatina, var. 1. EOD MOIST —_ semen, 4. Printed by Reeve, Brothers, King William Street, Strand. LY VIE 34] MONOGRAPH OF THE GENUS TEREBRATULA, By G. B. Sowrrsy, F.L.S., erc. Char. Gen. Testa ineequivalvis, equilatera, ovata vel subtrigona, pediculo brevi, tendineoque affixa; valva dorsalis posticé plds minusve producta, seepe recurva, apice perforato, foramine vel integro vel mcompleto ; cardo dente in utroque latere unico ; valva ventralis intus ossiculo testaceo, gracili, plerumque furcato, varié flexuoso, e cardine nascente instructa. Shell inequivalve, equilateral or symmetrical, very variable in general form (the same species varying greatly im its different stages of growth,) being sometimes nearly egg-shaped, sometimes very flat, but generally rather ventricose ; it is attached to sub- marine rocks, stones, corals, shells, &c. by a short tendinous pe- duncle formed of strong, closely united fibres, which are however frequently a little separated at the attached end; this peduncle passes into the shell through the perforation of the dorsal valve. The posterior apex of the dorsal valve is more or less produced, frequently recurved and perforated at its termination or deeply notched at its anterior edge, with a small curved tooth on each side of its hinge, which fits into a corresponding hollow in the other valve in such a manner that the two valves cannot be sepa- rated without breaking these teeth or the edges of their sockets. The ventral valve is usually less ventricose than the dorsal, its posterior apex is very seldom even slightly produced, it is furnished within with a slender shelly appendage, which is sometimes simple, short, and recurved, sometimes of considerable length, branched and variously bent, so as to form several symmetrical loops : these generally commence on each side of the hinge, but sometimes near the centre of the shell, and they are sometimes united to the shell at other points. In many species the dorsal valve shows a distinct cardinal area somewhat resembling that of Spondylus, and in the centre of this are generally attached two little triangular 2D B42 appendages called deltidia, which are in some species united together in the middle, in which case the perforation is rendered entire ; when they are separated it is complete: these deltidia are of an elongated form and continue from the anterior margin of the cardinal area to the apex in those species (7. psittacea and T. nigricans) that have a pointed beak. It is also to be remarked that these species are not punctated on the surface as all other species are. Terebratula was formerly placed among his Anomie by Linné; it is however very easily distinguished from the legitimate Anomia, by its regularity, its produced beak, its bemg attached by a fibrous peduncle and by its internal appendage. The recent species of the genus are found in all climates, and they are for the most part very abundant in all localities where they occur. We have never been able to meet with 7. rotandata of Lam. represented in Encycl. méth. t. 239. f. 5. eee DESCRIPTIONS. Impunctate. 1, TEREBRATULA psitracea (pl. lxxi. f. 78, 79, 80.) Lam. Testa subglobosi, posticé acuminatd, tenui, nigricante, valvis ineequalibus, radiatim concinné striatis, med marginali ex umbones declivi, demtim ascendente et anticé valdé sinuataé; valva dorsali posticé acuta, recurva, anticé deflexd, sulco mediano lato, indistincto, foramine trigonali, haud integro; ared cardinali iconspicua, ro- tundata, deltidiis angustis, ad lateres foraminis coalescentibus ; valva ventrali ventricosa, anticé latiori, carmé mediand inconspicua, ad marginem anticum solummodo distincté ; dentibus cardinalibus internis ex umbonem porrectis recurvis duobus ad utrumque latus uno: margine valvarum integerrimo. From Labrador, where it is found in abundance in the mud on the shore at low water: dredged alive at Melville Island by Lieut. Griffith. 2. TEREBRATULA NIGRICANS (pl. Ixxi. f. 81, 82.) nodzs. Testa anticé rotundata, posticé acuminata, tenuiusculé, nigricante, valvis ineequalibus, radiatim costatis, costis rotundatis, med margi- nali rectiusculé; valvé dorsali subtrigond, depressiusculé ; anticé rotundata, lateribus posticis declivibus, foramine magno, haud integro, quadrato ; area cardinali magna, planiuscula, lateribus 343 rotundatis ; deltidiis angustis ad lateres foraminis coalescentibus ; valvé ventrali depressi, transversim ovaté; dentibus cardinalibus ut in 7. psittaced ; margine valvarum crenulato. A single specimen of this very interesting species was found in the collection of the late G. Humphrey, without locality. This and the 7. psittacea are the only species that are not punctated. Punctate. 3. TEREBRATULA Caput-seRPENTIS (PI. Ixviil. f.1 to 4. and Pl. Ixxu. £116.) Lam. Testa ovata, rotundato-subpentagonali, albicante ; valvis sube- qualiter convexis, longitudinaliter radiatim costellatis, costellis bi- furcatis, granuliferis; lme& marginali lateralitér flexuosa, anticé subemarginaté ; valvi dorsali subrostrata, foramime mediocri, haud integro, obliquo; ared cardinali subdepressa, deltidiis feré obsoletis ; ossiculo interno (valvee ventralis) parvo, + longitudinis valve, an- ticé arcuato, fornicato; margine interno valvarum minutissimé crenulato. Shell ovate, of a rounded somewhat pentagonal figure, whitish; valves nearly equally convex, longitudinally and radiately costel- lated, the little nbs being dichotomous and granulated ; marginal line flexuous on the sides, slightly emarginate in front; dorsal valve somewhat beaked, with a moderate sized perforation, which is oblique and not entire ; the cardinal area is rather flattened and the deltidia are nearly obsolete: internal appendages, (which are always attached to the ventral valve) small, about + the length of the shell, arched in front and vaulted ; internal edge of the valves very minutely crenulated. This species, which is found on most of the northern coasts of Europe, and which abounds on some of our own coasts, is also found in the Mediterranean. It appears to us, however, to be distinguishable without difficulty from the North American species described by Couthouy under the name of 7. septentrionalis. Tn different stages of growth and under peculiar circumstances it has had several names assigned to it, thus a young shell has been named 7. costata by Lowe, and 7. aurita by Fleming ; and speci- mens covered with an apparently pubescent epidermis (or a minute hairy zoophyte?) have been named 7. pubescens by Miiller. We have represented the emarginated variety from the Mediterranean at fig. 1; the entire and more gibbous variety from Oban at fig. 2 ; the emarginated variety from Loch Fine at fig. 3 ; the rather com- pressed and pubescent variety from the Norwegian coast at fig. 4; and the nearly quadrangular variety: at fig. 116. 2Dd2 544 A, TEREBRATULA SEPTENTRIONALIS (pl. Ixvi. f. 5, 6.) Couth. Testa subovataé, posticé subacuminatad, obtusa, albicante; valvis subeequaliter convexis, longitudimaliter radiatim costellatis, costellis tenuissimis bifurcatis, subrugosis ; lnea marginali lateribus flexu- osis, anticé rectiusculé ; foramime majusculo, haud integro, sub- obliquo; area cardinali subdepressa, deltidus parvis, feré obsoletis ; ossiculo interno parvo, 3 longitudinis valve, anticé arcuato, superné ramulo ad utrumque latus, in medium connexis ; margine interno valyarum minutissimé crenulato. Shell subovate, slightly acuminated but obtuse posteriorly, nearly white; valves ‘nearly equally convex, longitudinally radi- ately costellated, the little ridges very slender, dichotomous and roughish : marginal line flexuous on the sides, nearly straight im front: perforation rather large, not complete ; somewhat oblique ; cardinal area rather flattened, with small, nearly obsolete deltidia ; internal appendages small, 2 of the length of the valve, arched in front with a little branch above on each side, joined in the middle ; inner margin of the valves minutely crenulated. Distinguished from 7. Caput-serpentis by its much finer radiating striee, its “larger and less oblique foramen, and by its rather more extended and somewhat differently formed internal appendage. We have represented two varieties from the coast of Maine, Mas- sachusets, obligingly forwarded by Dr. Gould of Boston. 5. Teresratuia Japonica (pl. Ixvin. f. 7, 8.) nobis. Testa oblongé, anticé rotundaté, tenui, albicante, valvis sube- qualiter convexis, longitudinaliter radiatim striatis, stris numerosis, subirregularibus, subbifurcatis ad lateres prope cardmem confer- tiusculis ; lateribus prope cardinem subplanulatis ; lined marginal rectiusculd, ad lateres posticé declivi; valvé dorsali posticé sub- producti, truncati, foramine mediocri, haud integro, perobliquo ; area cardinali inconspicua, deltidiis obsoletis; ossiculo imterno parvo, 4+ longitudinis valvee, ramulos duos angustos, demum amen- tum latum flexuosum sistente : margimibus valvarum minutissimé denticulatis. Shell oblong, rounded in front, thin, whitish, valves nearly equally convex, "Jongitudinally radiately striated, strize numerous, rather irregularly dichotomous and very close-set on the sides near the hinge; the sides near the hinge rather flattened; marginal line nearly straight, mclinmg to the sides near the hinge; dorsal valve somewhat produced posteriorly and truncated, with a mode- rate sized very oblique and incomplete perforation ; cardinal area indistinct, with obsolete deltidia ; mternal appendages small, ! the length of the valve, with two narrow little branches and then a broad flexuous loop; margin of the valves very minutely denticu- lated. In Mr. Cuming’s collection ; from Japan. Easily distinguished from 7. cancellata of Koch, by its foramen not being entire. 6. Tereprarura rusra (pl. Ixviii. f. 9, 10, 11), Padlas. T. sanguinea, Leach and Lam. ; T. Capensis, Chemn. Test& rotundato-subquadrangulari, tenuisculA, rubra ; valvis in- eequaliter convexis, (dorsali gibbos4, ventrali planiuscula,) radiatim costatis, costellis plerumque simplicibus ; lined marginali ad lateres rectiuscula anticé subflexuosd ; valva dorsali subproducté, oblique truncata, foramine magno, hand integro ; ared cardinali angusta, declivi, deltidiis parvis ; valv& ventrali posticé laté, margine rec- tiusculo ; ossiculo interno ramulos duos centrales divergentes, ad apices expansos sistente ; margine valvarum crenulato. Shell of a rounded somewhat quadrangular form, ventricose, rather thin and of a deep red colour; valves unequally convex (the dorsal being gibbous and the ventral rather flattened,) radi- ately ribbed, the ribs being for the most part simple ; marginal line nearly straight on the sides, somewhat flexuous anteriorly ; dorsal valve slightly produced, obliquely truncated, with a large incomplete perforation ; cardinal area narrow, inclined, with small deltidia ; ventral valve broad posteriorly, with a nearly straight margin ; internal appendages consisting of two central diverging branches somewhat spread out at their ends ; margin of the valves crenulated. From South Africa. Fig. 9 and 11 show the ventral and dor- sal valves from a specimen in the British Museum : fig. 10 shows the internal ossicle. 7. TerepratuLa Pisum (pl. Ixix. f. 37 to 89.) Lam. T. Nata- lensis, Kuster. Testa transversim subovati, rufescente ; valvis subzequalibus, radiatim obsoleté liratis, liris paucis, obtusis, rotundatis ; lined marginali rect&, anticé profundé sinuat’; valv’ dorsali paulispéer producta, obtusissim’ ; foramine magno, haud integro ; ared car- dinali parva, lineari ; deltidiis parvis, subtrigonulis ; carina medi- ana lata, magna, rotundati ; valvA ventrali posticé latiuscula, mar- gine postico rectiusculo ; sulco mediano magno, lato, rotundato ; margine valvarum obsoletissimé subcrenulato ; ossiculo interno ut in T. rubra PadZ. Shell transversely subovate, slightly reddish ; valves nearly equal, with rather obsolete radiated ridges, which are few, obtuse, and 346 rounded ; marginal line straight, deeply sinuated in front ; dorsal valve slightly produced, very obtuse ; with a large incomplete per- foration ; cardinal area small, linear; deltidia small, nearly trian- gular, central keel broad, large and rounded ; ventral valve rather broad posteriorly, its posterior margin nearly straight; with a large, broad and rounded ventral groove ; mternal appendages as in 7. rubra; margin of the valves very slightly crenulated. Brought from Natal by Dr. Krauss; a comparison with the Lamarckian specimen has proved this to be his 7. Pisum ; it has nevertheless been described under the name of 7. Natalensis by Kuster. Also found at Sydney by Mr. Jukes. 8. TerepratuLa coenata (pl. xvii. f. 12, 18, 14.) Chemn. vol. vin. pl. 78. f. 688. a, 6. Testa subtrapezoidali, anticé rotundata, pallescente, nonnunquam rubente ; valvis ineequalibus, radiatim obsoleté striatis, strus versus marginem obliteratis ; lined marginal lateraliter antice-que flexuosa, valvA dorsali convexa, liré mediana 1 inconspicua ; apice subacumi- nato, reflexo, foramine magno, haud integro, area cardinali angusta, deltidiis parvis, trigonalibus ; ; valva ventrali planulata, margine postico rectiusculo, ‘sulco mediano subperspicuo, ossiculo imterno ramulos duos centrales divergentes, ad apices expansos sistente ; margine interno valvarum denticulato. Shell nearly trapezoidal, rounded in front, of a pale colour, some- times reddish; valves unequal, obsoletely radiately striated, the strie entirely obliterated near the margin ; marginal line flexuous in front and on the sides; dorsal valve convex, with an inconspicu- ous central ridge, its apex somewhat Patan’ reflected, with a large incomplete perforation ; cardinal area narrow, deltidia small, triangular ; ventral valve flattened, its posterior margin nearly straight, with a scarcely evident central furrow ; internal appen- dages consisting of two little central diverging branches, expanded at their apices ; margin of the valves denticulated within. We have two varieties in colour ; from South Africa, according to the late G. Humphrey. 9, TrrepraTuLa porsata (pl. xvii. f. 15, 16, 17.) Lam. Testa suborbiculato-trapezoidali, gibbosi, albicante, valvis mee- qualibus, radiatim liratis, lined marginali flexuosa ; valv. dorsali posticé subacuminata, reflexd, truncati, carin median’ lata, obtusa, foramine mediocri, hand integro; area cardinali magna, lata, sali planulata, deltidiis parvis, trig ronalibus ; ; valva ventral subtrigonali, apice subacuto, marginibus posticis declivibus, sulco mediano lato subperspicuo, ossiculo interno magno, } teste longitudinis, postice 347 ad utrumque latus aculeifero, deinde ad medium valve decurrente, et amenta dua lateralia, demim amentum superum magnum re- flexum efformante ; margine valvarum crenulato. Shell of a suborbicular trapezoidal form, rather gibbous, whitish, valves unequal, radiately ridged; marginal line flexuous; dorsal valve slightly acuminated posteriorly, reflected, truncated, with a broad obtuse central ridge, and a rather large, but not complete perfora- tion ; cardinal area large, broad, rather flattened, with small trian- gular deltidia; ventral valve rather trigonal, with a rather acute apex, its posterior margins inclined laterally ; with a broad, not very distinct longitudinal central groove ; internal appendage large, ths the length of the valve, with a sharp point standing out from the posterior part, then running down to the centre of the valve, and forming two lateral loops, which turn upwards and unite after forming a large superior loop; margin of the valves crenulated. From the Straits of Magalhaens: common. 10. Teresratuta Curtensis (pl. Ixvin. f. 18, 19). Brod. Zool. Proc., Nov. 1833, p. 134. Testa suborbiculari, subtranversi, subgibba, pallescente, valvis subzequaliter convexis, radiatim liratis, hris obtusis, haud promi- nentibus ; line’ marginali rectiusculd, anticé sinuaté ; valva dorsali posticé obtusa, lateribus declivibus, carina median lata, obtusissima, foramine magno, subintegro ; area cardinali magna, lata, planulata, deltidiis mediocribus, trigonalibus; valvi ventrali transversim ovati, subplanulata, sulco mediano lato, perspicuo ; ossiculo interno magno, 3 teste longitudinis, amenta ut in 7. dorsatd efformante ; margine valvarum obsoleté subcrenulato. Shell suborbicular, somewhat transverse and slightly gibbous, of a pale colour; valves nearly equally convex, with numerous ob- tuse scarcely prominent ridges; marginal line nearly straight, sinuated in front; dorsal valve obtuse posteriorly, with inclined sides and a broad, very obtuse longitudinal central keel, perforation large, nearly entire, cardinal area large, broad and flattened, delti- dia of moderate size, triangular ; ventral valve transversely ovate, rather flattened, with a broad, distinct central groove; internal appendage large, ths the length of the valve, forming loops as in 7. dorsata; margin of the valve rather crenulated. From the Bay of Valparaiso; Cuming. 11. TerEepRaTULA FLExvOSA (pl. xix. f. 23, 24.) King. Zool. Journ., vol. v, p. 337. Testa subtetragond, rotundata, subgibbaé, fuscescente pallida ; 345 valvisineequalibus, radiatim hratis, liris prommentibus, obtusis, lined marginali lateraliter subflexuosi, antice sinuati; valva dorsali ad apicem obtusa subreflexa, lateribus declivibus, carinad mediand lata, obtusissima ; foramine magno, haud integro ; ared cardinali magna, lata, planulata ; deltidis mediocribus, trigonalibus ; ; valva ventrali latior: quam longa, subplanulata, sulco mediano lato, subincon- spicuo ; ossiculo interno magno, + teste longitudinis, amenta ut in 7. dorsatd efformante ; margine ; valvarum crenulato. Shell rounded subtetragonal, rather gibbous, of a palish brown ; valves unequal, with radiating prominent obtuse ndges ; marginal line somewhat flexuous on the sides, sinuated in front ; dorsal valve rather obtuse and reflected posteriorly, its sides inclined towards the front, with a broad, very obtuse mesial ridge, perforation large, not complete ; cardinal area large, broad and flattened; deltidia small and triangular ; ventral valve broader than long, rather flat- tened, mesial groove broad, but rather indistinct ; imternal appen- dage large, ths the length of the valve, forming loops as in 7. dorsata ; margin of the valves crenulated. Found in the Straits of Magalhaens, in the vicinity of Port Famine; rare; Capt. King, Brit. Mus. The last three here described, namely, 7. dorsata, T. Chilensis, and 7. flerwosa may prove to be merely varieties of the same species. 12. Terespratuta Soversi (pl. Ixvin. f. 20, 21, 22.) Kang. Zool. Journ. vol.v. p. 338. Test rotundato-subtetragona, planiuscula, ferrugineo-subfusca ; valvis ineequalibus, glabris, obsoletissimé radiatim liratis, liris in- conspicuis ; linea marginal subflexuosa, anticé rotundato- sinuata ; valva dorsali ad apicem obtusa, subreslexA, lateribus declivibus, carina mediana subobsoleta, lata, rotundaté ; foramime magno, haud nitegro, area cardinali magna, lata, planulata, deltidiis mediocribus, trigonalibus ; valva ventrali subplanulaté, rotundato-subtrigoné ; sulco mediano lato, inconspicuo ; ossiculo interno magno, 3 teste longitudinis, amenta ut in 7. dorsatd efformante; margine val- varum obsoletissimé subcrenulato. Shell of a rounded somewhat tetragonal form, flattish, of a rusty brownish colour; valves unequal, smooth, with very obsolete and inconspicuous radiated ridges; marginal line somewhat flexu- ous, with a rounded sinuosity in front ; dorsal valve obtuse poste- riorly, slightly reflected, with its sides inclined towards the front ; mesial ridge rather obsolete, broad and rounded; perforation large, not entire, cardinal area large, flattened, deltidia small and 349 trigonal; ventral valve flattish, somewhat triangular, rounded ; mesial groove broad, indistinct ; internal appendage as in 7. dor- sata; margin of the valves very slightly crenulated. Found by Capt. King in the Straits of Magalhaens. Brit. Mus. 13. TEREBRATULA AUSTRALIS (pl. Ixix. f. 25-33.) Quoy. T. dentata and flavescens, Lam. Testa subovati, posticé subacuminata, plerumque gibbos4, non- nunquam subplanata, albicante, flavescente, vel subfuscd, valvis ineequalibus, glabris, plerumque plus minusve (nonnunquam obso- letissimé), radiatim sulcatis ; lined marginali rectiusculd, anticé plus minusve sinuata ; 4 valva dorsali posticé subacumiata ad apicem obtusa, reflexi; carini mediana lata, imconspicua, foramine medio- cri, Integro, area cardinali lata, subinconspicué, marginibus rotun- datis ; deltidtis magnis, coalescentibus ; valva ventrali subcirculari, gibbosiuscula, sulco mediano inconspicuo, lato; ossiculo interno magno, 3 teste longitudinis, amenta ut in 7) dorsatd efformante, amento supero maximo; margine valvarum plerumque dentato, dentibus plus minusve numerosis, magnis vel parvis, nonnunquam rotundatis vel obsoletissimis, interdum maximis, precipud ullis effor- mantibus lateres sulci mediani. Shell nearly oval, slightly acuminated posteriorly, generally rather gibbous, sometimes slightly flattened, whitish, yellowish or brownish ; valves unequal, smooth, generally more or less (some- times very obsoletely), radiately grooved; marginal line nearly straight, more or less sinuated in front ; ’ dorsal valve somewhat acuminated posteriorly, obtuse, reflected, with a broad, indistinct mesial ridge; perforation of moderate size, entire, round ; cardinal area broad, rather indistinct, with rounded edges; deltidia large, united in the middle; ventral valve nearly circular, gibbous, with a broad and indistinct mesial groove ; internal appendage as in T. dorsata, the upper loop being very large; margin of the valves generally toothed, teeth more or less numerous, large or small, sometimes rounded, sometimes very obsolete, sometimes very large, particularly those which form the sides of the mesial furrow. The varieties of this species are numerous, and they have been described under several ames, we have preferred using that given by Quoy, as properly including all, and we have represented the following, vizi—fig. 25, 28, two views of a variety with few large radiated grooves and correspondingly few and large marginal teeth ; fig. 26, 27, another variety with more numerous radiated grooves and consequent smaller and more numerous marginal teeth ; fig. 29, 31, two views of a variety with rather obsolete 25 350 radiated grooves and rounded small marginal teeth; fig. 30, an unusually oblong and acuminated variety ; fig. 32, a rather young shell with very slight traces of radiating grooves ; fig. 33, another variety with obsolete grooves, obsolete marginal teeth and the pos- ierior apex of the dorsal valve more lengthened and recurved. 14, TeReBRATULA RECURVA (pl. lxix. f. 84-36.) Quoy. Test& rotundato-subtrigona, gibbosi, pallescente, valvis perme- qualibus, glabris, obsoletissimé radiatim sulcatis ; ned margimali ae aK i ae SG 4 posticé lateralitér flexuosi, anticé subsinuata ; valva dorsali suba- cuminaté, obtusa, subrugosd, ad apicem reflexé; carma mediana obsoletd, foramine mediocri, integro ; area cardinali lata, subincon- spicud, marginibus rotundatis, deltidiis magnis, coalescentibus ; valvé ventrali gibbosa, transversim longiori, sulco mediano mcon- spicuo, lato; ossiculo interno ut in 7. australe ; margme valva- rum undulato. Shell rounded subtrigonal, gibbous, of a pale colour, valves very unequal, smooth, very obsoletely radiately grooved, marginal line flexuous posteriorly towards the sides, shghtly sinuated in front; dorsal valve somewhat acuminated, obtuse, rather rugose, reflected ; mesial ridge obsolete; perforation of moderate size, entire; cardinal area broad, rather indistinct, with rounded sides ; deltidia large, united in the middle; ventral valve gibbous, broader than long ; with an indistinct mesial furrow ; internal appendages as in 7. Australis; margin of the valves undulated. This may be merely a variety of 7. Australis, it may however be easily distinguished by its much recurved beak. Australia, Mr. Cuming. 15. TeREBRATULA RUBELLA (pl. lxix. f. 40-42.) Sowd. TestA subovata, posticé subacuminaté, subgibba, anticé subsinu- até, rubra, valvis ineequalibus, glabris, lined’ marginal rectiuscula, anticé subsinuata ; valvé dorsali posticé subacuminata, reflexd, ca- rind mediand nulla, sulco mediano obsoletissimo , foramine parvo, area cardinali angusta, ad lateres rotundaté, deltidiis majusculis, coalescentibus ; valvé ventrali ovata, sulco mediano latiusculo, emarginationem anticam efformante; “essiculo interno ut in 7’. australe ; wmargine valvarum leevissimo. Shell nearly oval, rather acuminated posteriorly, a little gibbous and slightly sinuated anteriorly ; valves unequal, smooth; margi- nal lme nearly straight, a little simuated in front; dorsal valve rather acuminated posteriorly, reflected, without any mesial ridge ; but with a very obsolete mesial furrow; perforation small; cardi- 351 nal area narrow, rounded at the sides, with rather large united deltidia ; ventral valve ovate, with a broad mesial groove forming a sinus in front ; internal appendage as in 7. Australis; margin of the valves quite smooth. From Japan ; in Mr. Norris’s Collection. 16. Treresratuta prcora (pl. Ixx. f. 43, 44.) Anomia picta. Chemn. vol. xi. f. 2011, 2012. Testa ovata, posticé subacuminatd, tenui, rubra, maculis albidis subradiatim picta, valvis subequalibus, glabris, lined marginali recta, anticé obsoletissimé sinuatd ; valva dorsali posticé subacu- minata, carind mediana nullé ; apice subrecurvo ; foramine parvo, integro ; area cardinali parva, ad lateres rotundata, deltidiis parvis, angustis, coalescentibus ; valvé ventrali subplanulataé, sulco medi- ano nullo ; ossiculo interno magno ; margine valvarum integerrimo. Shell ovate, slightly acuminated posteriorly, thin, red, marked with somewhat radiated white spots, valves nearly equal, smooth ; marginal line straight, very obsoletely sinuated in front; dorsal valve acuminated posteriorly, without any mesial ridge, its apex recurved, with a small entire perforation; cardinal area small, rounded laterally, with small, narrow, united deltidia; ventral valve flattish, without mesial furrow ; internal appendage large ; margin of the valves quite entire. From Java; in Mr. Norris’s and other Collections. 17. TereBRaTULA RUBICUNDA (pl. Ixx. f. 45, 46, 47), nobis, T. sanguinea, Quoy, Astr. Testa suborbiculari, posticé subacuminaté, gibba, glabra, rubra, valvis ineequalibus, subirregularibus ; lined marginali ad lateres subflexuosi, anticé sinuata ; valva dorsali, posticé producti, trun- cata, foramine magno, obliquo, subintegro ; area cardinali rotun- data; deltidiis magnis, distinctis ; carind dorsali lata, prominente, utrinque rotundato-angulata, obtusi; valvd ventrali subpentago- nali, posticé angustiori, mediané lata, rotundato-subangulata ; an- ticé subtruncata, sulco mediano lato, conspicuo ; ossiculo interno magno, fere ut in 7. dorsatd efformato; margine valvarum in- tegro. Shell nearly orbicular, rather acuminated posteriorly, gibbous, smooth, of a red colour; valves unequal, rather irregular ; mar- ginal line slightly flexuous on the sides, sinuated in front ; dorsal valve produced behind, truncated, with a large, oblique, nearly entire perforation ; cardinal area rounded, deltidia large, separate ; mesial ridge broad, prominent, angularly rounded and obtuse on Ino 2u2 both sides ; ventral valve somewhat pentagonal, narrow posteriorly, broad in the middle, with rounded angles, and slightly truncated in front ; mesial groove broad and distinct ; internal appendage as in 7. dorsata ; margin of the valves entire. From the Moluccas ; i Mr. Cuming’s Collection and in the British Museum. 8. TeREBRATULA Catirornica (pl. lxx. f. 50-52.) Kzist. Testa suborbiculari, posticé subacuminata, gibbosa, fuscescente, valvis subeequalibus, glabris ; lined marginali ex umbonem ascen- dente, demum rectiuscula, anticé et medida obsoletissimé sinuata : valva dorsali subrostrata, apice brevi, subacuminato, reflexo ; fora- mine parvo, integro; area cardinali latiusculd, marginibus obtus’ anguhferis ; deltidis oblongis, trigonalibus, coalescentibus ; ; Ca- rind mediand nulla ; valv. ventrali orbiculari, sulco mediano nullo ; ossiculo interno magno, } teste longitudinis, feré ut in 7. dorsatd efformato ; margine valvarum integro. Shell nearly orbicular, slightly acuminated posteriorly, gibbous, light brown ; valves nearly equal, smooth, marginal line ascending from the « apex ¢ and then straight, anteriorly and in the centre very obsoletely sinuated ; dorsal valve slightly beaked, apex short, slightly acuminated, reflected ; perforation small, entire ; cardinal area rather broad, its edges obtusely angular ; deltidia oblong, tri- angular and united; mesial ridge none; ventral valve orbicular, without any mesial furrow ; internal appendages large, 3ds the length of the shell, formed as in 7. dorsata ; margin of the valves entire €; Abounds on the Coasts of California; in Mr. Cumimg’s and other Collections. ‘This is the largest recent species known. 19. TerepRaTuLa pivaTaTa (pl. Ixx. f. 48. 49.) Lam. T. Gaudichaudi, De Blainv. Testa suborbiculari, tenui, glabra, fulvescente ; valvis imeequali- bus, lined marginali flexuosa; valvi dorsali posticé subacuminata, reflexd, obtusi; foramine magno, haud integro; ared cardinali majuscula, planulata, lateribus obtuse’ angulatis, deltidiis majus- culis discretis; carma dorsali obsoletissima ; valvé ventrali sub- orbiculari ; ossiculo interno magno, 3 + longitudinis testee, ut in T. Californicd efformato ; margine valvarum integro. Shell nearly Grbieelin thin, smooth, of a pale brownish colour ; valves unequal ; marginal line flexuous ; dorsal valve slightly acu- minated posteriorly, reflected, obtuse; with a large incomplete perforation ; cardinal area rather large, flattened, with obtusely 395 angular sides, deltidia rather large, separate; mesial ridge very sight; ventral valve nearly orbicular ; internal appendage large, aths the length of the shell, formed as in 7. Californica ; margin f the valves entire. In the British Museum and in Mr. Metcalfe’s Collection. 20. Teresratota Uva (pl. lxx. f. 58-55.) Brod. Zool. Proc. 1833, p. 124. Testa oblong’, gibbosa, glabra, subdiaphana, pallescente ; valvis ineequalibus ; lined marginali ex umbonem ascendente, demdm subflexuosa ; valva dorsali posticé subelongata, apice reflexo, trun- cato, foramine magno, integro, perobliquo, margine crasso; ared cardinali mconspicua, rotundata ; deltidiis parvis, coalescentibus, concayis ; carina mediana nulla ; valva ventrali ovato-oblonga, sulco mediano nullo ; ossiculo interno parvo, radiis binis, ex cardinem extensis, ad apices expansis efformato ; margine valvarum integro. Shell oblong, gibbous, smooth, slightly diaphanous, pale in colour ; valves unequal ; marginal line ascending from the apex, then somewhat flexuous; dorsal valve posteriorly lengthened, with a reflected, truncated apex; perforation large, entire, very oblique, with a thickened margin; cardinal area indistinct, rounded ; deltidia small, united, concave; ventral valve ovato- oblong ; internal appendage formed of two rays setting off from the hinge and expanded at the ends ; margin of the valves entire. This species is destitute of mesial ridge and furrow. From the Gulf of Tehuantepec; in Mr. Cuming’s Collection. The punctulation in this species is much coarser than in 7) vitrea. 21. TereBRaTuLa virrea (pl. Ixx. f. 56-59.) Lam. Testa rotundato-ovata, ventricos4, subdiaphana, levissima, albi- rante; valvis subeequalibus, lme& marginali rectiusculd; valva dorsali_posticé rotundato-subacuminata, recurva ; foramine parvo, integro, subobliquo, margine crasso ; area cardinali inconspicud, rotundataé; deltidiis inconspicuis, coalescentibus ; carind medianA nulla; valva ventrali subairculari, anticé rotundato-subtruncatd, sulco mediano nullo ; ossiculo interno parvo, + longitudinis teste, anticé arcuato, fornicato; margine valvarum integerrimo. Shell of a rounded ovate form, ventricose, slightly diaphanous, very smooth, whitish horn colour, valves nearly equal and marginal line nearly straight ; dorsal valve rounded and slightly acuminated behind, recurved ; perforation small, entire, rather oblique, with a thickened margin ; cardinal area indistinct, rounded, with united indistinct deltidia ; ventral valve nearly circular, slightly truncated 554 anteriorly ; internal appendage small, 1th the length of the shell, anteriorly arched and vaulted ; margin of the valves entire: mesial ridge and furrow none. From the Mediterranean ; in Mr. Cuming’s and other Collec- tions. 22. TerEBRATULA Cranium (pl. Ixx. f. 60-62). Mull. Testa ovata, anticé subtruncaté, posticé paulisper acuminata, gibbosa, pallescente, subhyalina; valvis equalitér convexis; lined marginali flexuosd, anticé subsinuati; valvé dorsali posticé sub- producta, subrecurva, obliqué truncati; foramme magno, haud integro ; are’ cardinali inconpicud, rotundata; deltidis parvis, linearibus, distinctis ; valvd ventrali planiusculd, anticé subangu- lata; ossiculo interno magno, 2 longitudinis teste, amentis binis lateralibus, ad utrumque latus uno, demtm amento magno supero efformante ; margine valvarum integerrimo. Shell ovate, anteriorly subtruncate, posteriorly slightly acumi- nated, gibbous, of a pale colour, somewhat diaphanous; valves equally convex, marginal line flexuous, slightly smuated in front ; dorsal valve somewhat produced posteriorly, shghtly recurved, and obliquely truncated ; perforation large, incomplete ; cardinal area indistinct, rounded, with small linear, separate deltidia ; ventral valve slightly flattened, and somewhat angular in front ; internal appendage large, 3rds the length of the valve, forming two lateral loops, one on each side, and then uniting to form one very large upper loop; margin of the valves quite entire. From the coast of Norway and the North Seas ; in Mr. Cuming’s and other Collections. This species resembles 7. vitrea in general appearance, it may however easily be distinguished by its large foramen which is not entire; as well as by its extended internal appendage. 23. TEREBRATULA TRUNCATA (pl. Ixxi. f. 64-67.) Lam. Testa transversim suborbiculari, depressi, latere cardinis trun- cato, rectiusculo, pallescente, valvis subaqualibus, radiatim con- cinné striatis, lmed& marginali subirregulari, rectiuscula, anticé sub- sinuata; valva dorsali posticé truncaté, emargmata, foramme magno, haud integro, area cardinali elongato-trigonali, planulata ; deltidiis minutis, iInconspicuis; carin’ median’ parva; valva ventrali sub- planulata, posticé rectiusculd, emarginatione mediand parva; sulco mediano latiusculo, subinconspicuo ; ossiculo interno valdé com- plicato, nonnunquam vario; facie interna radiatim gramifera, granulis seriatim confertis, parvis ; margine valvarum integro. yew 3DD Shell transversely suborbicular, depressed, truncated posteriorly and very wide, of a brownish colour, and with a nearly straight hinge hne ; valves nearly equal, very finely radiately striated ; marginal line rather irregular, nearly straight and slightly sinuated in front; dorsal valve posteriorly truncated, notched, with a large incomplete foramen; cardinal area of a lengthened triangular shape, flattened, with minute, inconspicuous deltidia ; mesial ridge small ; ventral valve rather flattened, straight behind, with a small mesial notch, mesial groove rather broad, not very distinct ; in- ternal appendage in general very complicated, occasionally varying in form ; internal surface radiately granular, the very small granules arranged in close set rows; margin of the valves entire. Abounds on the coast of Sicily and in other parts of the Medi- terranean. 24. TEREBRATULA DECOLLATA (pl. Ixxi. f. 68-70.) Desh. Anomia, Chemn. vol. vi. p. 96. A. detruncata, Gmel., T. aperta, De Blainv., T. detruncata, Phil. Testa transversa, anticé rotundata, posticé angulata, crassa, fus- cescente ; valvis valdé ineequalibus, radiatim costatis, levibus, cos- tis obtusis, paucis, line&é marginali anticé recté; valva dorsali majori, posticé angulata, anticé rotundaté; ared cardinali magna, trigonali, planulataé ; foramine magno, hand integro; valvd ven- trali semicirculari, cardine posticé lineari, transverso, recto ; ossi- culo interno costis tribus radiantibus, elevatis, verstis cardinem truncatis, dentibus cardinalibus duobus ad utrumque latus uno ; margine valvarum incrassato. Shell transverse, rounded in front, angular behind, thick, brownish, valves very unequal, radiately ribbed, smooth, ribs ob- tuse, few in number ; marginal line straight in front ; dorsal valve large, angular behind, rounded in front ; cardinal area large, trian- gular, flattened, with a large mcomplete perforation ; ventral valve semicircular, hinge line linear, transverse and straight behind ; the internal appendages consist of three radiating elevated ribs, truncated toward the hinge; cardinal teeth one on each side ; margin of the valves thickened. From the Coral fisheries in the Mediterranean : common. 26. TEREBRATULA CUNEATA (pl. lxxi.f. 83. 84.) Zzsso. Testa minima, transversi, anticé rotundata, posticé angulata, subtruncata, albicante, valvis valdé ineequalibus, subrugosis, radia- tim costatis, interstitiis costarum roseis, costis obtusis, perpaucis : linea marginali rectiuscula; valva dorsali posticé obtusd, foramine 596 maximo incompleto ; ared cardinali magna, planulata ; valva ven- trali depressd, laté suborbiculari, margine postico recto, mediané emarginato ; ossiculo interno e costé unici constante ; margine val- varum crenato. Shell very small, tranverse, rounded in front, rather angular and truncated behind, whitish, valves very unequal, rather rough, radiately ribbed, ribs very few, obtuse, their interstices rose- coloured ; marginal line nearly straight ; dorsal valve obtuse, with a very large incomplete perforation ; cardinal area large, flattened ; ventral valve depressed, broadly suborbicular, its posterior margin straight, notched in the middle; the internal appendage consists of a single nb; the margin of the valves is crenated. Found on the coast of Sicily and at Nice. In Mr. Cuming’s Collection. 26. TEREBRATULA LUNIFERA (pl. lxxi. f. 85. 86.) PAzd. Testi minima, subcordati, depressa, punctata, (punctis magnis) hyalina, albicante, valvis subsequalibus, leevibus, politis, anticé emarginatis ; ared cardimali parva, foramine magno, trigonali, in- completo ; ossiculo interno ¢ cost& unica, elevata constante ; mar- gine valvarum subcrenato. Shell very small, somewhat cordiform, depressed, dotted, (with unusually large dots ») hyaline, whitish ; valves nearly equal, smooth, polished, notched im front ; cardinal area small, with a large in- complete triangular perforation ; internal appendage consisting of a single elevated rib; margin of the valves slightly crenated. We do not find im this species the sort of internal appendage described by Philippi. In Mr. Cuming’s specimens it is nearly similar to that of 7. cuneata, though the shells are in other res- pects very different. From the coast of Sicily. 27. TEREBRATULA SEMINULUM (pl. xxi. f. 87. 88.) Phed. Testa subtransversd, suborbiculari, compressi, posticé acumi- nata, anticé emarginata, fulvescente ; valvis ineequalibus, radiatim costatis, costis perpaucis, rotundatis, subobsoletis ; valva dorsali posticé acuminatd, foramine magno, incompleto, trigonali, area cardinali mediocri, planulata, deltidus parvis angustis; valva ventrali transversA, lined cardinali rect&; ossiculo interno e costa elevaté submediané unicd constante; margine interno valvarum incrassato, granoso. Shell somewhat tranversely suborbicular, compressed, acumi- nated posteriorly, emarginated im front and of a pale fulvous colour, valves unequal, with very few radiating mbs, which are 357 rounded and nearly obsolete; dorsal valve acuminated behind, with a large incomplete triangular perforation; cardinal area of moderate size, flattened, with small, narrow deltidia 3 ventral valve transverse, with a straight hinge line; internal appendage con- sisting of a single elevated central ridge; inner margin of the valves thickened and granulous. From deep water at Drepani; in Mr. Cuming’s Collection. 28. TrEREBRATULA SANGUINEA (pl. Ixxi. f.71-73.) nobis. Anomia sanguinea, Chemn. T. erythroleuca Quoy. Testa suborbiculari, anticé subemarginaté, gibbosiuscula, tenui, sanguinea, radiis maculisque radiantibus albidis ornatd ; lined marginali recta, anticé subsinuata ; valva dorsali posticd subacumi- nata, truncata, foramine mediocri, integro, area cardinali latiuscula, marginibus subacutis, deltidiis majusculis, coalescentibus ; valva ventrali depressiuscula, transversim obovat4, antic’ subsinuatd, ossiculo interno primim format radios duos, deinde annulum cen- tralem et amenta dua lateralia, demtm amentum superum reflexum annulo centrali adjunctum ; margine valvarum integro. Shell suborbicular, slightly notched in front, rather gibbous, thin, of a bright light red colour with white rays and radiating spots ; marginal line straight, slightly sinuated in front; dorsal valve rather acuminated behind and truncated ; perforation middle-sized, complete ; cardinal area rather broad, with sharpish edges ; delti- dia rather large and united; ventral valve somewhat depressed, transversely obovate, slightly sinuated in front ; the internal ap- pendage at first forms two rays, then a central ring and two lateral loops, and at length a reflected dorsal loop united to the central ring; margin of the valves entire. From the Island of Zebu, attached to Coral under stones ; H. Cuming. 29, TEREBRATULA RosEA (pl. lxxi. f. 74-77.) Humphrey. Testa oblongo-ovali, subdepress4, posticé subattenuata, crassA, rosea, albicante, radiatim picté; valvis subzequalibus, leevibus ; lined marginali subflexuosd, anticd reflexd; valva dorsali majori, posticé subproducta, truncata, foramine minimo, integro ; areA car- dinali latiusculé, cum deltidiis coalescentibus, suleo mediano dis- cretis ; valva ventrali ovali, anticé paululiim rotundato-attenuata ; linea marginali ex umbone ad utrumque latus declivi, ossiculo in- 5 A A . . . 9, terno costa elevata, porrecta, simplici constante ; margine valvarum mntegro. 2F 358 Shell of an oblong oval form, rather depressed, slightly attenu- ated behind, thick, rose-red, painted with paler radiating marks ; valves nearly equal, smooth; marginal line somewhat flexuous reflected in front ; dorsal valve the larger, rather produced poste- riorly, and truncated ; perforation very small, entire ; cardinal area rather wide, with united deltidia, marked by a mesial groove ; ventral valve ovate, anteriorly slightly attenuated and rounded ; its marginal line slanting downward from the apex on each side ; internal appendage consisting of a single elevated rib, standing out; margin of the valves entire. From Brazil, according to the late G. Humphrey. The pale variety, f.77, is from a specimen in Mr. Cuming’s Collection. 30. TrREBRATULA CANCELLATA (pl. lxxi. f. 93-95.) Koch, vide Kiister vii. i. t. 2. b. f. 11-13. Testa ovato-oblonga, ventricos, fuscescente; valvis valdé ine- qualibus, radiatim striatis, striis tenuibus confertissimis, leis incrementi creberrimé decussatis ; valva dorsali oblong’, posticé subacuminata, truncata; foramine magno, circulari, integro; area cardinali rotundata, deltidiis majusculis, obsoleté sulcatis, in medio coalescentibus; valva ventrali subovata, lateribus posticis anticé declivibus ; lined marginali flexuosa, margine valvarum exilissimé crenulato. Shell ovate-oblong, ventricose, brownish; valves very unequal, radiately striated; strie very slender, close-set, and very finely decussated by the lines of growth ; dorsal valve oblong, acumi- nated behind, and truncated ; perforation large, circular, entire ; cardinal area rounded, with rather large, obsoletely grooved delti- dia, united in the middle ; ventral valve subovate, with the poste- rior sides inclining forward; marginal line flexuous; edge of the valves very delicately crenulated. In Mr. Cuming’s Collection. 31. TEREBRATULA CRENULATA (pl. Ixxi. f. 96-98.) nodzs. Test suborbiculari, posticé subacuminata, subtruncata, crassius- cula, albicante, valvis ineequalibus, radiatim costatis, costis paucts, majusculis, rotundatis ; lined marginali flexuosa, auticé subsinuata ; foramine magno, subintegro ; ared cardinali magna, subplanulata, margine undulato; deltidiis magnis, discretis; valve ventralis margine postico ad utrumque latus declivi; ossiculo interno e spina valida obtus4, anticé porrecté, ramulis duobus lateralibus retro- versis ; margine valvarum crenato. 859 Shell suborbicular, rather attenuated and subtruncate behind, rather thick and whitish ; valves unequal, with few rather large, rounded, radiating ribs ; marginal line flexuous, slightly sinuated im front; perforation large, nearly entire; cardinal area large, flattish, with an undulated margin; deltidia large, separate ;_pos- terior margin of the ventral valve inclined on either side; internal appendage consisting of a single strong spine standing forward and with two lateral reflected branches; margin of the valves crenated. From Santa Cruz; in Mr. Cuming’s Collection. 32. TEREBRATULA GLOBosa (pl. lxxi. f. 99-101.) Lam. Testa ovata, ventricos4, glaberrimd, albicante ; valvis subeequali- bus, anticé subtrilobis ; lined marginali recta, anticé subsinuata ; valv& dorsali posticé subacuminata, vertice subreflexo, truncato ; foramine magno, obliquo, fere integro ; ared cardinali majuscula, lateribus rotundatis ; deltidiis majusculis, trigonalibus, discretis ; carind dorsali laté, rotundatd, subinconspicuad; valva ventrali ro- tundata, anticé sublobata ; ossiculo interno magno, 2 longitudinis teste, ut in 7. Californicd, margine valvarum integro. Shell ovate, ventricose, very smooth, whitish; valves nearly equal, very slightly trilobed in front, marginal line straight, sinuated in front; dorsal valve slightly acuminated behind, its vertex subreflected and truncated ; perforation large, oblique, nearly complete; cardinal area large, rounded on the sides, deltidia large, triangular, separate ; mesial ridge broad, rounded, not very distinct ; ventral valve rounded, slightly lobed in front ; internal appendage large, 2ds the length of the valve and formed as in 7’. Californica ; margin of the valves entire. I have only seen a single specimen of this species, which is in Mr. Cuming’s Collection without locality : it agrees perfectly with the representation in the Enc. Méth. t. 239. f. 2. still the foramen is not quite complete, although Lamarck gives “ foramine integro” as one of its characters. 33. TEREBRATULA INCoNsPICUA (pl. lxxi. f. 102-104.) nobis. Testa rotundato-subtrigonali, posticé acuminato-rotundaté, an- ticé subsinuata, obscuré rufi; valvis ineequalibus, glabris ; lined marginali flexuosi; valvé dorsali rotundato-subtrigona, foramine maximo, incompleto ; are cardinali lata, ad utrumque latus declivi; deltidiis mediocribus, laté discretis ; valva ventrali transversim ob- longa, subplanulata, sulco mediano lato, subinconspicuo ; margine valvarum integro. 22 “360 Shell rounded, subtrigonal, acuminated and rounded behind, slightly sinuated before, dull red; valves unequal, smooth; mar- ginal line flexuous; perforation large, incomplete, cardinal area broad, inclining on each side, deltidia of moderate size, widely separated ; ventral valve transversely oblong, somewhat flattened, with a broad, rather indistinct mesial groove; margin of the valves entire. From the late G. Humphrey’s Collection ; locality unknown. 34. TEREBRATULA PULCHELLA (pl. lxxi. f. 105-107.) xodzs. TestA subovata, posticé acuminato-rotundata, levi, albida, lineis nonnullis radiantibus rufis; valvis ineequalibus; lined marginali subflexuos’; valvA dorsali subplanulata, posticé acuminata, antice rotundata, foramine magno, incompleto ; ared cardinali inconspicua, lateribus rotundatis ; deltidiis parvis, discretis ; valva ventrali sub- circulari, planulat’ ; ossiculo interno e gnomone porrecto, anticé posito constante ; margine valvarum integro. Shell subovate, acuminated and rounded behind, smooth, whitish with a few radiating red lines; valves unequal, marginal line somewhat flexuous ; dorsal valve rather flattened, acuminated posteriorly, rounded in front; perforation large, incomplete ; car- dinal area indistinct, its sides rounded ; deltidia small, separate ; ventral valve somewhat circular, flattened; internal appendage consisting of a single prominent gnomon near the front; margin of the valves entire. : Found by Mr. Cuming attached to Corals at Calapan, Isle of Mindoro. Also from the Island of Cocos, Lieut. Swainson; in the late G. Humphrey’s Collection. 35. TEREBRATULA LENTICULARIS (pl. Ixxii. f. 108-110.) Desh. Mag. de Zool. 1841 pl. 41. TestA orbiculari, lentiformi, levigata, rubra; valvis subinaequa- libus, lined marginali ex umbone ascendente, demde rectiuscula, anticé obsoletissimé subsinuat&; valva dorsali posticé subacumi- nat, recurvd, foramine parvo, integro; are& cardinali planulata, lateraliter angulat&; deltidiis majusculis, plamis, coalescentibus ; valvA ventrali circulari; ossiculo interno e cost& unici medianad 1 Jongitudinis teste, et ramulis duobus ex umbone constante ; margine valvarum integro. Shell orbicular, lentiform, smooth, dark red; valves somewhat unequal; marginal line ascending from the umbo, then nearly straight; and very slightly sinuated in front; dorsal valve slightly acuminated posteriorly and recurved ; perforation small, complete ; 36] cardinal area flattened, angular on the sides; deltidia rather large, flat and united; ventral valve circular; the internal appendage consists of a single mesial rib one-third the length of the shell and two branches setting off from the umbones. From the Straits of Fauveau, New Zealand. Kindly lent to us by M. Deshayes, who has stated that it not only differs from 7’. Californica in colour, but in the internal appendages. In the only specimen we have seen these appendages appear to us to be incom- plete. A specimen of our 7. enconspicua is attached to it near the apex. 36. TerepratuLa Zeianprca (pl. Ixxu. f. 111-113.) Desh. Mag. de Zool. 1841 pl. 4:2. Testé subtransversi, subrotund’, subacuminata, ventricos4, crassiuscula, rubra, valvis equalibus, radiatim costellatis, costellis dichotomis; lme& marginali flexuosi, anticé subsinuata; valva dorsali posticé subattenuati, reflexd, rotundaté ; foramine magno, integro ; ared cardinali magna, rotundati; deltidiis majusculis, tetragonis, mediané coalescentibus, sulco centrali distincto; ca- rind dorsali inconspicua, lata, rotundata ; valv4 ventrali transversim obovata, anticé subsinuaté; marginibus posticis declivibus; ossi- culo interno prope cardinem e ramulis duobus divaricatis, costa centrali posticé constante ; marginibus valvarum crenulatis. Shell subtransverse, nearly orbicular, slightly acuminated, ven- tricose, rather thick, red; valves unequal, radiately costellated, the little numerous ridges dichotomous ; marginal line flexuous, somewhat sinuated anteriorly; dorsal valve slightly attenuated behind and reflected, and rounded; perforation large, complete, cardinal area large, rounded; deltidia rather large, trapezoidal, united in the centre, with a distinct central groove; mesial ridge broad, rounded and rather indistinct; ventral valve transversely obovate, slightly sinuated in front; posterior margins inclined downwards ; internal appendage close to the hinge consisting of two divaricating branches and a central posterior ridge ; margin of the valves crenulated. * From New Zealand; the specimen from which our figure is taken was kindly lent to me by Madame Dupont. 37. TEREBRATULA TRANSVERSA (pl. Ixxui. f. 114, 115.) xodzs. Testi transversim subovati, tenui, rudi, glabra, pallescente ; linea marginali subflexuosa, anticé subsinuaté; valvd dorsali ovato- subtetragoni, reflexd, posticé obtusissimé angulaté; foramine maximo, incompleto; are& cardinali magna, planati; deltidiis 362 parvis, longé discretis ; carind dorsali inconspicua, rotundata ; valva ventrali transversim oblonga, anticé rotundata, posticé in angulo obtusissimo desinente; sulco mediano subinconspicuo, rotundato ; margine valvarum integro. Shell transversely subovate, thin, rugose, smooth, of a pale colour ; marginal line somewhat flexuous, slightly sinuated in front, dorsal valve of a somewhat tetragonal ovate form, very obtusely angular behind and reflected ; perforation very large, incomplete ; cardinal area large and flattened, deltidia small, very distant ; mesial ridge rounded, indistinct, ventral valve transversely oblong, rounded in front, and finishing in a very obtuse angle behind ; mesial groove rounded, indistinct ; margin of the valves entire. In Mr. Norris’s Collection, and in that of M. Janelle. 38. TEREBRATULA LaBraporeEnsis (pl. lxxi. f. 89, 90.) xodzs. Testa suborbiculari, posticé acuminaté, obtusi, crassiusculé, albida, valvis valdé ineequalibus, radiatim obsoleté costatis ; linea marginali subflexuosd ; valvd dorsali anticé rotundati, posticé acu- minata, obtusi; foramine magno, integro; area cardinali magna, subplanulata ; deltidiis majusculis, coalescentibus; cari dorsali inconspicud; valvé ventrali suborbiculari, posticé subacuminata, margine valvarum crenulato. Shell suborbicular, acuminated behind, obtuse, thickish, whitish; valves very unequal, obtusely radiately ribbed ; marginal line some- what flexuous; dorsal valve rounded in front, acuminated and obtuse behind ; perforation large, entire ; cardinal area large, some- what flattened; deltidia rather large, united ; mesial ridge indis- tinct ; ventral valve nearly orbicular, slightly acuminated behind ; margin of the valves crenulated. In the British Museum, from Labrador; C. Goodsir. 39. TrEREBRATULA ALGOENSIS (pl. Ixxi. f. 91, 92.) zobis. Testa suborbiculari, posticé subacuminati, anticé sublobata, albida ; valvis radiatim striatis, carina dorsali conspicua, rotundata ; foramine magno, incompleto; margine valve dorsali minutissimé crenulato. Shell suborbicular, slightly acuminated behind, rather lobed in front, whitish; valves radiately striated; mesial midge distinct, roundish; perforation large, incomplete; margin of the dorsal valve very minutely crenulated. A single valve of the species is in the British Museum, labelled “ Algoa Bay ; Bowerbank.” 363 40. Ofthe TerEBRATULA RoTUNDATA, Lam. Hist. nat. des Anim. sans vert. vi. pt. 1. p. 246. Encyl. méth. t. 239. f.5., it is impos- sible for us to give any representation, as we have never seen the shell, and it is not to be found in the Collections of London or Paris : we almost suspect it to be a fossil and not a recent species : we earnestly entreat information upon this subject and upon the existence of M. Le Comte de la Touche’s Collection, where it is cited by Lamarck. TEREBRATULA, LIST OF FIGURES IN PLATES LXVIII TO LXXII. Fig. Fig. 1, 2, 3, 4. — T. Caput-serpentis, Sp.3) 64 to 67. — truncata, 23. 5, 6. — septentrionalis, 4. 68 to 70. — decollata, 24. 7, 8. — Japonica, 5. 71 to 73. —— sanguinea, 28. 9 to 11. — rubra, 6. 74 to 77. — rosea, 29. 12 to 14. — cognata, 8. 78 to 80. — psittacea, 1. _15 to 17. — dorsata, 9. 81, 82. — nigricans, 2. 18, 19. — Chilensis, 10. 83, 84. — cuneata, 25. 20 to 22. — Soverbii, 12. 85, 86. — lunifera, 26. 23, 24. — flexuosa, 11. 87, 88. — seminulum, 27. 25 to 33. — Australis, 13. 89, 90. — Labradorensis, 38. 34 to 36. — recurva, 14. 91, 92. — Algoensis, 39. 37 to 39. — Pisum, 7. 93 to 95. — cancellata, 30. 40 to 42. — rubella, 15. 96 to 98. — crenulata, 31. 43, 44. — picta, 16. 99 to 101. — globosa, 32. 45 to 47. — rubicunda, 17. 102 to 104. — inconspicua, 33. 48,49. — dilitata, 19. 105 to 107. — pulchella, 34. 50 to 52. — Californica, 18. 108 to 110. -— lenticularis, 35. 53 to 55. — Uva, 20. 111 to 1138. — Zelandica, 36. 56 to 59. — vitrea, 21. 114, 115.—— transversa, 37. 60 to 63. — Cranium, 22. 116. — Caput-serpentis, 3. 364 ALPHABETICAL INDEX. Algoensis, Sp. 39. f. 91, 92. aperta, v. decollata, 24. australis, 13. f. 25 to 33. Chilensis, 10. f. 18, 19. Californica, 18. f. 50 to 52. cancellata, 30. f. 93 to 95. cognata, 8. f.12, 13,14. Capensis, v. rubra, 6. Caput-serpentis, 3. f. 1, 2, 3, 4, 116. Cranium, 22. f. 60 to 63. crenulata, 31. f. 96 to 98. cuneata, 25. f. 83, 84. decollata, 24. f. 68 to 70. dentata, v. australis, 13. dilatata, 19. f. 48, 49. dorsata, 9. f.15, 16, 17. detruncata, v. decollata, 24. erythroleuca, Vv. sanguinea, 28. Jlavescens, v. australis, 13. flexuosa, 11. f. 23, 24. Gaudichaudi, v. dilatata, 19. globosa, 32. f. 99 to 101. inconspicua, 33. f. 102 to 104. Japonica, 5. f. 7, 8. Labradorensis, 38. f. 89, 90. lenticularis, 35. f. 108 to 110. lunifera, 26. f. 85, 86. nigricans, 2. f. 81, 82. picta, 16. f. 43, 44. Pisum, 7. f. 37 to 39. psittacea, 1. f. 78, 79, 80. pulchella, 34. f. 105 to 107. recurva, 14. f. 34 to 36. rosea, 29. f. 74 to 77. rotundata, 40. rubella, 15. f. 40 to 42. rubicunda, 17. f. 45, 46, 47. rubra, 6. £. 9, £0, 11. sanguinea, Vv. rubra. 6. v. rubicunda, [7. sanguinea, 28.f. 71 to 73. seminulum, 27. f. 87, 88. septentrionalis, 4. f. 5, 6. Soverbii, 12. f. 20, 21, 22. transversa, 37. f. 114, 115. truncata, 23. f. 64 to 67. Uva, 20. f. 53 to 55. vitrea, 21. f.56 to 59. Zelandica, 36. f. 111 to 113. CBSowerhy. Jun’ ; ' io om A JA ” ia F 4 ‘ jan) 4 a ie a i, ‘ i ~f 2 ‘ 4 mn * i > be ' wy - Pl; LXIX r up. OL.Sonerby: er « J . Lt és ier nl 2 a ‘a > in} “4 A . ; nie oe ae A : , f be ie t r i ‘ , ; J oh) i = L . - . q 4 ° . ‘ ° ' ha i) cae es om i aus oe LXX = D ~= ‘ i .s q : Pr a ‘ ‘ ry ‘ at ar ‘ ; = * st) Ny 1a . em ee. | 5 a eee Cl a he) , 5 ‘ aut tag @ af n . ‘ r tei 29 3 a 7 i abe \ i. : i 2 Was , - 365 MONOGRAPHS OF THE GENERA ORBICULA, CRANIA, HIPPONYX AND THECIDIUM. ——eeeeeeee ORBICULA. Testa suborbicularis, inequivalvis, compressa, valv4 superiore depresso-conicd, vertice subcentrali; valvd inferiore extis disco parvo, postico, pediculi adheesione, processu obtusiusculo intus terminato; cardine hgamentoque cardinis nullis. A nearly orbicular, rather irregular, inequivalve, compressed bivalve, affixed by a tendinous pedicle, which spreads over a small] disk placed near the posterior part of the lower valve externally ; in the middle of this disk is a fissure, which divides it longitu- dinally, which opens into the valve and is terminated anteriorly by an obtuse process; the upper valve is of a flattened conical form with a nearly central vertex. The Orbiculz consist almost entirely of a horny substance, with very little, if any, testaceous matter. 1. OrBicuLA LAMELLOSA (pl. Ixxii. f.1.) Brod. Zool. Proc. 1833. p. 124. Testa corned, fuscd, suborbiculari, subdepressa, lamellis concen- tricis, elevatis, rugosa. Shell of a horny substance, chesnut brown, nearly orbicular, rather depressed, covered with elevated concentric lamelle ; disk of adhe- sion oblong, close to the posterior edge, perforation oblong, placed near the hinder part of the disk. Found in groups on various parts of the coasts of Peru, H. Cuming. 2. ORBICULA Lavis (pl. lxxiu. f. 2, 3.) Sow. Trans. Linn. Soc. vol. xiii. Testa levi, tenuiuscula, apice ex margine remoto. Shell smooth, rather thin ; apex distant from the margin; disk of adhesion oblong, not close to the posterior margin ; perforation short, near the hinder edge of the disk of adhesion. 26 566 Found by Mr. Cuming attached to Mytili, at a depth of six fathoms, off Conception, Chili. 3. ORBICULA TENUIS (pl. Ixxim. f. 4, 5.) nobis. Testa levi, tenui, apice ad marginem propinquo. Shell smooth, thin, apex of the upper valve near the posterior margin; disk of adhesion obtusely triangular, close to the hinder edge; perforation linear. 4. Orsicuta Cuminert (pl. lxxm. f. 6.) Brod. Zool. Proc. 1833. p. 124. Testé subconicd, suborbiculari, crassiusculé, striis ab apice radiantibus numerosis, lineis incrementi elevatis decussantibus, epidermide pallidé fusca. Shell nearly orbicular, subconical, rather thick, with numerous strie radiating from the suecentral apex, and decussated by the elevated lines of growth; epidermis of a pale brown colour. Found by H. Cuming, at Payta, St. Elena and Panama. 5. OrsicuLa stricata (pl. xxii. f. 7.) Brod. Zool. Trans. vol. 1. pt. 2. pl. xxii. f. 1. Testa crassiusculi, subrotunda, substriaté, radiatim castaneo- strigaté; epidermide tenui fusca. Shell rather thick, nearly orbicular, shghtly striated, radiately streaked with chesnut colour, epidermis thin, pale brown. Island of Cana, Guatemala, Malacca, and Corrigedor ; H. Cuming. 6. Orpicuna striata (pl. Ixxui. f. 8.) Sow. Trans. of Linn. Soc. vol. xii. Testee valvulé superiore strius elevatis plurimis, ex vertice ad marginem decurrentibus. Shell rather irregularly orbicular, thickish, apex nearly central ; upper valve with numerous elevated striz from the apex to the margin. This is the species which Lamarck has elevated to the rank of a genus (named Discina), from not rightly knowing his own pre- viously established genus Orbicula. Locality unknown; found in ballast used to mend roads near London. CRANIA. Testa ineequivalvis, equilatera, (subirregularis) rotundato-sub- 367 quadrata, valva superiore depresso-conic4, vertice subcentrali, in feriore planulaté extus adherente ; cardine et ligamento cardinali nullis. Shell of two unequal valves which are equilateral, and of a rounded subquadrate form, though rather irregular on account of its being fixed to rocks, stones, shells, corals, &c. ; upper valve of a flattened conical form, with the vertex near the centre; lower valve flattened, adhering by its external surface. Hinge and car- dinal ligament none. Muscular impressions in each valve four, of which in the attached valve two are near the centre and approxi- mated (sometimes united), and two are near the posterior margin and distant. In some species there is a prominence just behind the central pair which bears a slight resemblance to a nose, so the shell resembles a front face, whence its name, the posterior mus- cular impressions being compared to eyes, and the two anterior, when united, resembling the mouth. Crama is distinguished from Orbicula by its mode of attach- ment; and from Hipponyx by its muscular impressions. These are the only three genera known which are destitute of hinge, and hinge ligament. Crania PERsonata (pl. lxxiii. f. 9.) Lam. Hoeninghaus monogr. pif ols tigi. Teste valva inferiore ovato-orbiculari, posticé retusd; cicatri- cibus posterioribus obliquis subreniformibus, anterioribus in unam orbicularem confluentibus, tuberculosis ; rostello nullo, disco pal- mato-radiato, limbo anticé incrassato, granuloso. Lower attached valve of a rounded ovate form, truncated poste- riorly ; the posterior muscular impressions are somewhat reniform and the anterior are united together forming one orbicular tuber- culated impression, without any rostellum; disk with a radiated palmate impression ; anterior margin thickened, granular. India; Retz, Heeninghaus. We have never met with this species, and have therefore copied the description from Heeninghaus’ Beitrag zur Monographie der Gattung Crania (1828) ; and have to acknowledge our obligation to that gentleman for the drawing which he was so kind as to communicate. 2. CRaANta RINGENS (pl. xxiii. f. 10, 11.) Honing. l. c. p. 8. Fi 20a, b. Teste valva inferiore suborbiculari, posticé retusa, impressi- ) 262 368 onibus posterioribus transversis, anterioribus in unam transversalem confluentibus, rostello parvo, disco pedato, imbo antico incrassato ; valvA. superiore subtrapezoidali, cicatricibus posterioribus magnis limbo interno incrassato, elevato, margine tenui; extus levi, brunnea. Found upon corals in the Mediterranean. The upper valve, which is very rarely seen in England, is rather smaller than the attached valve, its posterior muscular impressions are large and prominent, and its outer edge is very thin. This species is but slightly distinguishable from C. personata. 3. Cranta Norveetca (pl. Ixxii. f. 15, 16, 17.) mnodis. Patella anomala, Mill. Zool. Dan. Patella distorta, Montagu Test. Brit. Teste valva inferiore transversin rotundato-subtetragona, posticé retusa; cicatricibus posticis magnis ovatis, anticé subangularibus, anticis discretis, ovatis, in centrum feré coalescentibus ; rostello obtuso; disco palmato-radiato ; limbo antico incrassato, granulato ; valva superiore tenuiore, rugulosi, subtrapezoidali, brunned, cica- tricibus posterioribus magmis, limbo interno incrassato, margine tenul. There is little to distinguish this from C. personata and C. ringens, except the separation of the anterior muscular impressions in the attached valve, by the interposition of what Hceeninghaus calls a rostellum “like a nose between the mouth and the eyes”; in the present species, however, the upper valve is exactly of the same dimensions as the lower. Coasts of Ireland and Scotland, abundant in some localities. 4, Cranta rostrata (pl. lxxii. f. 12,13, 14.) Hening. t.c. Pus. OGAd. Teste valva inferiore rotundato-subtrapezoidali, margine postico rectiusculo, cicatricibus posticis orbicularibus ; anticis parvis, semi- lunaribus, anticé coalescentibus, rostello parvo, acutiusculo ; disco sinuato, limbo granifero, anticé irregulari, mcrassato; valva supe- riore tenuiore, alba, subradiatim rugosa, intus costellis duabus elevatis, radiantibus, ex centro versus marginem posticum decur- rentibus. Inferior or attached valve of a rounded, somewhat trapezoidal form, its posterior margin nearly straight, posterior muscular impression orbicular; anterior small, somewhat lunulate, united anteriorly ; rostellum small, rather sharp; disk with palmated and digitated impressions ; border granulose, irregular and thick- 369 ened in front; upper valve thinner, white, somewhat radiately rugose, internally with two elevated ridges diverging from the centre towards the posterior lateral margin; umbo somewhat posterior. From the Mediterranean. In Mr. Cuming’s collection. HIPPONYX. Testa inzequivalvis, subzequilatera, valva inferiore affixa, com- pressi, margine plerumque elevato; valvi superiore subconica, vertice ad marginem posticum inclinato; impressionibus muscu- laribus in utraque valva duabus, posticé coalescentibus, formam ferri equini conjunctis exhibentibus ; cardine et ligamento cardinis nullis. Shell inequivalve, nearly equilateral, attached by the lower valve, which is compressed and its margin generally thickened ; upper valve somewhat conical, rather inclined toward the posterior margin, muscular impressions two in each valve, when taken together somewhat in shape like a horse-shoe, those of the upper confluent posteriorly. Distinguished and proved to be a bivalve by Defrance, who first met with the two valves together in a fossil species. ‘Ihe species have usually been called Patel/e, because the upper valve alone was known. Very rarely the two valves have been met with together. Several species in this complete state have been dis- covered and brought to this country by Mr. Cuming, from whose Collection our drawings have been taken. 1. Hipponyx BarBata (pl. lxxui. f. 26,27.) Sow. Zool. Proc. 1835. p. 5. Testa pallidé fulva, subelevato-conicé, radiatim confertim striata ; margine ventrali producto; epidermide pilosi, margine interno crenulato. Shell pale yellowish brown, of a slightly elevated conical form, covered with radiated close-set strie; ventral margin produced ; inner edge crenulated ; epidermis coarsely hairy. Found on the Coral reefs around Toobouai, one of the Society Islands, by Mr. Cuming. 2. Hipponyx Mirrvutza (pl. Ixxii. f. 18,19, 20.) Defr. 2. ¢. Pileopsis mitrula, Zam. Patella mitrula, Auctm. Testa alba, depresso-conic4, concentricé lamellos4, lamellis sub- confertis, radiatim striatis ; epidermide pilosa. 370 Shell white, of a depressed conical form, concentrically lamellar, and radiately striated ; lamellz close-set ; epidermis hairy. Found by Mr. Cuming upon stones among coarse sand in seven- teen fathoms water, near Lobos Island, on the coast of Peru. 3. Hipponyx suprura (pl. Ixxin. f. 21, 22, 23.) Sow. 7. ¢. Pileopsis subrufus, Lam. Patella subrufa, Diddw. Test aurantiaco-rufescente, subconici, concentricé sulcata, ra- diatim striata, striis profundis, marginibus sulcorum crenulatis ; vertice posticé inclinato. Shell somewat conical, of an orange reddish colour; concentri- cally grooved and radiately striated, with deep striz; margin of the grooves crenulated; vertex inclined backwards. Found with H. Mitrula, by Mr. Cuming. 4. Hrpponyx rapiata (pl. Ixxiti. f. 24, 25.) Gray, Lc. Testé subdepresso-conici, fulvescente, radiatim costata, costis crebris, imbricato-squamosis ; vertice postico. Shell of a somewhat depressed conical form, and of a yellowish brown colour, radiately ribbed, ribs very close and fine, with little imbricated scales ; vertex posterior. Found attached to rocks at Panama and the Gallapagos Islands, by Mr. Cuming. 5. Hreponyx Ticaontca (pl. xxii. f. 28, 29.) nobis. Test& suborbiculari, radiatim confertim striata, albidd ; vertice versus marginem postico-dextrum reflexo; epidermide pilosa, ful- vescente. Shell suborbicular, with close-set radiating striz, whitish; ver- tex turned backward toward the right margin; epidermis hairy, pale fulvous. From Ticao; H. Cuming. THECIDIUM, De France. Testa inequivalvis, eequilatera, valva altera gibbosa, seepe rostrata, imperforata, extts affixd, alteré plana operculiformi; cardine ut in Terebratulis ; ossiculo interno in valvé plana intus affixo; area cardinali magna, trigona. The principal circumstance which distinguishes this genus from Terebratula is, that there is no perforation at the apex of the deeper valve. It is found adhering to the Red Coral, in the Medi- terranean. 371 Tuxciprum MuprrerraNnuM (pl. xxi. f. 30, 31, 32.) Risso. Teste valva dorsali gibbosa, posticé rostrata, anticé subbilobata ; valvé ventrali planulata, operculiformi; intuis lamellis ad utrumque latus lobulos duos, alterum semilunatum, magnum, alterum parvum internum efformante. Shell with the dorsal valve gibbous, produced behind, and some- what bilobate in front; ventral valve flattened, operculiform ; internal appendage lamellar, forming two lobes on each side, one of which is large and semilunate, and the other very small; they ad- here throughout to the inside of the ventral valve. Found on Corals in the Mediterranean. ORBICULA: CRANIA, TTPPON YX, AND THECIDIUM. LIST OF FIGURES IN PLATE LXXIII. Fig. 1. Orbicula lamellosa, 1. 2,3 — levis, 2. 4,5 — tenuis, 3. 6. — Cumingii, 4. 7. — — strigata, 5. 8 — striata, 6. 9. Crania personata, 1. 10,11. — _ ringens, 2. 12,13,14. —_ rostrata, 4. 15,16,17. — Norvegica, 3. 18, 19, 20. Hipponyx Mitrula, 2. 21,22,23, — subrufa, 3. 24,25. — radiata, 4. 26,27. — barbata, 1. 28,29. — Ticaonica, 5. 30, 31, 32. Thecidium Mediterraneum. . Trt, gvatla g wana aiptaaalians tayzall eaokele, 9 atop Bed “tke 7" tn Sy he ae taeaia) =) a omit, i, ye. Tube batiaand ie «= Bhealedishbiva tiniteny AarteuT: pit pe mrisciiuster tis ecldmacnth apap ae site hapat Tannin ison Ml eee _ ou itl menage Jrutential? . & ito. ies iisga a0 shit on praia} itso be cow | - inalg: OT ATERA 3} ; ery tote ld har stanuliapse bits 7 chet eb ¢ terxheory nia” ie + dane? or dak ve F ot oem aay i" a hi socal dee ava Sam ere a * akenitayer ah bgdi ely ct eliews 00 hiengt * é a Wi nyerog me - lsiemicet HOEY aT rt Al oe: wall iin oral alos i. ML 2 end ont bh feed “Sphere he: a asnts he e esi" bs ary RR | fae net VOLES oS stun A aes 8. argo AB rai x yop! | 2B yétured aes Fain’ 8 yeas earl art re * Si = — anys tame ate & oe 4 i) 7, — "sy a on t aa cy? At ee EE AS —- rat at ak f ae ae eal © 4 be , b By x hele a VAY Aa Vow d t ae ae GE 18 te Or ALIDIGAO ae 4 bel) Lae ya eet a ri on ed ee 7 He? ¥ : arr es ny 7 ah ae ‘ ; a i® a) ay : ot. ‘ = Pi xabes Pat 7 eh ; oe Oy eee hatte S7 ae eas A '- i. ae ite : Ke a) , ane re Hi Seat hd wm eS oe. ie i £ A i he nf he ah i ¥ ea: ee ‘ Ge: Aeeirt ners i m in era a. a am ae Sa . ’ eg. a j ae itt. ila oe >. 2 . - i. ao ae A Le PS “ahh ae bi f ae : sa aK a as at P ED 6 iis =—e ory i, 7 an leg Cah ceranere bid, Se “a grits a eS ‘ : re 9 vig + AL rin ‘ ne: oD a : | 0 = i ; ; 7 ‘ a. meee alt _ ie mtn ar _ a ga ” noe : oe “ ay oe Y pe a awe . t ‘ r fe 7 * ue i aya a ae pe n 7 oF 7: ? A "ie on 7 iv Aa - fe eh eth —- ee Pye Doe on. Wie - hes aT a i i : by r 2 - nial hee ea 4 gS Dr aa | 7 | oh ma: - ha Ave Te way a. camel . 7

i my ‘; _ 7 : FF oon “aa : hi ’ a Pod WS gay ay ; 7 ya < A is or fi oF = & ' ) . fy ; Vara a Pt) | robe -4" Tes) 7 7, = a 4 * = : * a >is, ae BY ae 49 i | 7 en hs oa 7 i - 7 7 “4 Ts a ~ : nie 7 ws a ¥ = (hor « (te ee) ee ne ! See ae 7 - 1) - - : 7 | ; * 4 e 7 " e a ee arcioe | oe : ey ee a ee ~s : a) 1 ie te } arr i Ar a > or Var Late. ay wae ; : f ‘ , _ a 7 Sa a - 2, o me ei iS ié 7) e Oe a. rrr? on) oer) ae i 373 MONOGRAPH OF THE GENUS MARGINELLA. By G. B. Sowrrsy, Jun. F.L.S. Char.Gen. Testa subovata, nitida; spird brevi, obtus4, nonnun- quam occult&é Apertura elongata, antic plerumque emarginata ; columella nonnunquam callosi, plicaté; labio externo reflexo, plerumque incrassato ; operculum nullum. Shell oval, smooth. Spire short, obtuse, sometimes hidden by the deposition of enamel, or included in the last whorl. Aperture long, generally emarginated at the anterior extremity ; columellar lip sometimes thickened at both extremities, with folds increasing in obliquity and length towards the anterior termination, but not so much so as in Voluta ; outer lip reflected and generally thickened so as to form a varix; no operculum ; no epidermis. The shell being almost enveloped by the mantle, has a brilliancy of polish equal to the Cowries. This, and the reflected edge of the outer lip, sufficiently distinguish all the species from the genus Voluta. 1. Marernutta Fasa (pl. Ixxiv. f. 1, 2.), Linn. Syst. Nat. M. bifasciata var., Lam. Anim. s. vert. vii. p. 357. M. ovata, griseo-fulva, punctorum magnorum seriebus irregula- ribus 7 ad 9 sparsim cincti; spird prominulé; anfractibus vix angulatis, ad angulum crenulatis ; columellé quadriplicata, labio externo crasso, paululum arcuato, plerumque minuté subcrenulato, posticé subemarginato, anticé attenuato, emarginato. Oval, greyish buff, with 7 to 9 rows of distant large spots; spire rather prominent; whorls very slightly angulated, crenulated ; columella with four folds ; outer lip slightly bowed, very lightly and minutely crenulated, emarginated at the base. There is no doubt of this being the true Voluta Faba of Linneus; from Senegal. 2H 374 2. Marernetta Harpmrormis (pl. Ixxiv. f. 7, 8.), Beck. M.S. M. angulata, pallidissimé rose’, griseo obscuré fasciatd, punctis minutis, creberrimis, seriatim ornat&; spird subelongata ; anfracti- bus angulatis, crenulatis; columell& quadriplicata ; labio externo crasso, validé crenulato, anticé emarginato. It is difficult to describe with precision the difference between this species and JW. bifasciata ; it is however thicker and more angular, and the aperture is shorter. From Senegal. 3. MarGineta srrascrata (pl. Ixxiv. f.13, 14, 15.) Lam. Anim. s. vert. vii., p. 557. M. ovali, pallidé fulva, griseo nebulaté vel undulata, fasciis dua- bus nigrescentibus cinctd, seriatim creberrimé punctati; spird brevi, crenulata, vix angulata, obtusi; columella obliqué quadri- plicati; labio externo subelongato, arcuato, validé crenulato, anticé emarginato, More rounded, with the spire shorter in proportion, and the outer lip more bowed outwards than the J. Lada ; the spots are also much more numerous and minute : fig. 14, with the strong dark bands, is Lamarck’s shell; fig. 15 is a very beautiful variety with the bands fainter, and with lightning-like markings between, from Mr. Cuming’s Collection; in fig. 13 the bands are scarcely per- ceptible. rom Senegal. 4. Marecinetia optusa (pl. lxxiv. f.11, 12.) nodis. M. ovali, crassa, pallide fulva, griseo nebulata, creberrimé seriatim punctata, fasctis duabus, interruptis, nigrescentibus, cincta ; spirad breviuscula, obtusi ; anfractibus leviter angulatis; plicis obtusis, elongatis ; aperturé angusta ; columella quadriplicata, anticé acuta ; labio externo levi, crasso, posticé elongato et angulato, anticé cmarginato. A remarkable shell in the collection of Miss Saul, differmg from M. bifasciata and the rest of the group m being much thicker, with a shorter obtuse spire, with a thickened, smooth outer hip, which is angulated and lengthened towards the apex; there are a few obtuse nibs running nearly all the length of the body whorl. Locality unknown. 5. MarGIneLLa PSEUDO-FABA (pl. Ixxiv. f. 21, 22.), nobis, Zool. Proc. 1846. M. Faba, Zam. Anim. s. vert. vil. M. angulatad, anticé attenuata, sub-recurva, pallidé fulva, griseo nebulaté, punctorum irregulorum seriebus 10 sparsim cincta, spird prominula ; anfractibus angulatis, ad angulum validé crenn- 375 latis; columelld quadriplicati; labio externo crenulato, crasso, paululiim arcuato, posticé angulato, anticé emarginato, attenuato. Much more angular than the true WM. Fada, and has the anterior part of the body whorl tapering and bent upwards. From Senegal. 6. Mareinetta Apansont (pl. Ixxiv. f. 8, 4, 5.), Kiener, Sp. gen. coq. Marginella, p. 5, M. bifasciata, (Lam.), Sow. Gen. of Sh. M. angulata, posticé sub-attenuatd, sub-recurva ; grisea, lineis nigris obliqué longitudinaliter fasciaté; vel rubra, lineis fuscis, vel fasciis duabus interruptis, et liniis obliquis fuscis ;_spira promi- nul; anfractibus angulatis, ad angulum leviter crenulatis; colu- mella quadriplicata, labio externo crasso, crenulato; posticé sub- angulato, anticé emarginato, attenuato. Much like MW. pseudo-faba in general form, but decidedly angular and more elongated ; there are several varieties in colouring, but all have the undulated oblique lines. Isle of Gorea, Senegal. 7. MarGINELLA sPLENDENS (pl. Ixxiv. f. 23, 24.), Reeve, Zool. Proc. 1842, and Conch. Syst. M. ovali, creberrimé plicata, pallidé rose, griseo vel rubro nebu- lata, maculis griseis vel roseis curvatis per seriebus tribus dispo- sitis ; spira productd, anfractibus rotundatis; columella plicis quatuor sub-quadratis, ultimis duabus obliquis; labio externo anticé emarginato, intis crenulato, extis punctato. Like MW. glabella in general form, but finely ridged, and having three rows of curved spots on the back, besides the minute dots which cover the shell. In Mr. Cuming’s Collection; from Guinea. 8. Marernetia Buti (pl. Ixxiv. f. 28, 29.), nobis. M. angulata, plicatd, grise’, fasciis duabus nigrescentibus cincta, lineis nigris elongatis, creberrimé undat4; spird producta ; columella obliqué quadriplicata ; labio externo crasso, intis crenu- lato. The plice or ribs are lengthened so as nearly to reach the ante- rior part of the whorl; the aperture is shorter in proportion to the spire, and the outer lip thicker, than in IZ. Adansoni ; there are very minute waved lines all over the shell. From Professor Bell’s Collection ; locality unknown. 9. Marerverza srriata (pl. Ixxv. f. 81, 82.) nobis. M. parva, ovali, alb& ; anfractibus crenulatis ; columellA quadri- plicata, labio externo crenulato. 9 9 22 376 A very minute white shell with crenulated whorls ; from North America, in Professor Bell’s Collection. 10. MarerneLia muscaria (pl. Ixxv. f. 45, 46, 47.) Lam. Anim. s. vert. vil. p. 359. M. angulatim ovata, fulva, vel aurantii; spird validé producti ; anfractibus subangulatis, ultimo leviter crenulato, prope labrum tumido; columella alba, expansd, callosi, plicis quatuor obliquis, quarum antici sub-retusi; labio externo albo, posticé tumido, subemarginato, anticé attenuato, poné rotundato, anticé varicem validam formante. This species is remarkable for a tumidity near the reflected lip on the back of the last whorl, and for the callosity of the colu- mellar lip which is spread over the front. From the West Indies. 11. Marernetta rormicuta (pl. xxv. f. 41, 42.), Lam. Anim. s. vert. vi. p. 359. M. angulata, pallidé fulvi; spiré producta; anfractibus angu- latis, crenulatis ; aperturd angusté; columelli subrecta, pheis qua- tuor, quarum anticd tenui, obliqui; labio externo valido, posticé angulato, emarginato, in medio incurvo, anticé attenuato, validé emarginato, pone validé reflexo, anticé ad basin varicis columellari juncto. Angular, of a dull brown colour; with the spire produced, the whorls angular, crenulated. Of the four folds in the columella the last is thin and oblique. The outer lip is thickened inwards, with a notch or slope near the posterior end. It is strongly re- flected, and at the anterior runs into a strong spiral varix. New Holland. 12. MarGineLLa TRANSLUCIDA (pl. Ixxv. f. 62, 63.), nodis. M. sub-elongata, alba, translucidi; spira producti; apertura elongaté, columella quadriplicata, labio externo mtus in medio incurvo, anticé reflexo, extis validé reflexo, anticé varicem validum formante. A small, elongated, white, thin shell, having the outer hp gracefully bent inwards in the centre, and having a varix at the lower part of the last whorl. Australia. 13. Mareretta timBata (pl. Ixxiv. f. 18,19, 20.), Lam. Anim. s. vert. vol. vil. M. ovali, subventricos’, levi, pallidé fulva, lincis undulatis 377 longitudinaliter ornat&i; spird brevi, anfractibus subrotundatis ; columelli callosi, expansi, quadriplicatéi; labio externo crasso, intis leviter crenulato, ad marginem externum lineatim nigro maculato. Oval, rather ventricose, smooth, of a pale fawn colour, marked by distant undulating lines. The spire is short, the aperture large; the columellar lip thickened and spread over the front of the last whorl. The outer margin of the reflected lip is marked by groups of strong, blackish lines. Common ; from Gambia. The reversed specimen (f. 18), is from Mr. Cuming’s collection. 14. MarGiIneLLA HELMATINA (pl. xxv. f. 38, 39), Rang, Guerin, Mag. de zool. Kiener, Sp. gen. coq. Marginella, p. 10. M. ovali, levi, griseo maculata, fasctis tribus, nigrescentibus interruptis cincté; spiri brevi, anfractibus paucis, rotundatis ; apertura elongata; columellé tenui, expansd, quadriplicata ; labio externo intts minuté crenulato; poné marginem externum sub- canalifero. Much smaller and more ventricose than MW. dimbata, having the columellar lip thinly spread over a portion of the last whorl, and a very narrow groove behind the reflected lp. The colour is spotted grey. From the River Gambia. 15. Marere za Cuminet (pl. lxxiv. f. 33, 34, 35.), Petit, Revue Zoologique ? M. ovali, levi, ventricosi, grised, creberrimé seriatim punctata, maculis nigrescentibus trifasciati, spira brevi, obtus4; apertura, elongata, columella sub-callosi, paululim expansi, quadriplicata ; labio externo crasso, rotundato, ints regulariter crenulato, poné margine acuto, validé canalifero. Much more ventricose than Jf. helmatina, with the outer lip much thicker, the reflected margin sharper, and a deeper groove behind it. The variety having the very broad outer lip (fig. 33.) is in the collection of Mr. Gaskoin; the others are Mr. Cuming’s. From Senegal. 16. Mareretya Perri (pl. Ixxiv. f. 31, 32.), Guerin, Mag. de zool. M. ovali, leevi, ventricosd, pallida, grisea rubescente leviter fas- ciatim punctaté; spira brevi, anfractibus paucis, rotundato-sub- 378 angulatis; apertura lat&; columella callosi, expansi; labio ex- terno crasso intis irregulariter crenulato, extts margine rotundato, vix canalifero. The spire is rather more produced than in M.Cumingii, the colu- mella is tumid and spread over a large portion of the body whorl ; the crenulations on the inner lip are irregular, and the outer margin is rounded instead of being short as in I. Cumingit. 17. MaRGINELLA GLABELLA (pl. Ixxv. f. 52, 53, 54.), Linn. Syst. Nat. ed. 12. p. 1189. M. ovali, ventricosd, levi, rubra vel brunned, prope suturam precipué, maculis albis conspersd ; spiré conicd, obtusa, anfractibus vix rotundato-angulatis ; apertura pyriformi, columella validé quad- riplicata, plicis obliquitate verstis basin crescentibus ; labio externo crasso, inttis crenulato, posticé emarginato, tum in angulum incur- vum producto, anticé leviter emarginato. Oval, ventricose, smooth, of a red or dark brown colour, which is darkest near the suture, sprinkled with roundish white spots, those near the suture larger and irregular; the spire is conical, with the apex obtuse and the whorls slightly rounded; of the four folds on the columella, those nearest the anterior termination are the most oblique, the last nearly vertical ; the outer lip is hollowed out near the suture and then bends forward into a sort of angle, From Senegal. 18. Maretwetta Goopatiit (pl. Ixxiv. f.16,17.), Sow. Tank. Cat. M. angulatim ventricosa, levi, fulvo-rubescente, maculis albis, rotundatis, magnis conspersi; spird conicd, obtusa, anfractibus ro- tundato-angulatis; columell4 quadriplicaté, plicis tenuis; labio externo crasso, inttis crenulato, extis validé reflexo. Differing from MZ. glasella, in being of a more regular form, in having the outer lip more thickened and more straightly reflected, and in having the folds of the columella much thinner and in the large size of the white spots. 19. Marere tra rrrorata (pl. lxxv. f. 43, 55.), Menke, Voluta glabelloides, Humphreys, M.S. M. ovali, sub-angulaté, pallidé fulva, m medio rubescente, punctis albis, confertis, angulatim lineata; spira producti, anfracti- bus subangulatis; columellé quadriplicaté, labio externo crasso, inttis crenulato, margine leviter reflexo. 379 Less ventricose than IM. glabella with the mouth shorter in proportion to the spire, and the outer margin of the reflected lip less distinct ; the shell is beautifully marked by zig-zag lines of minute white spots. Mr. Cuming’s and other Cabinets ; from Senegal. 20. Maremetia Fotmrata (pl. xxviii. £173.) Kiener, Sp. gen. coq. viv. Marginella, p. 33. pl. xii. f. 1. “M. test& ovata, sub-globosa, albidd, maculis rufis, angulosis, longitudinaliter depositis ornata; spiri conicA, obtus’; labro intis albo; varice extis lutescente ; columell4 quadriplicata.” “ Habite locean Atlantique austral, la baie de Bahia.” Not having the shell, we copy the description and one of the figures. 21. Marervetta avrantia (pl. Ixxv. f. 49, 50.), Zam. Anim. s. vert. vu. p. 358. M. ovali, levi, rubra, albo maculati, columellé quadriplicat, labio externo aurantiaco, intts crenulato, extis validé reflexo. The difference between this and JM. glabel/a is more easily observed than described; it is however much less ventricose and the outer lip more nearly straight; there is also a peculiar bluntness about the anterior part of the shell ; the white irregular markings are arranged in three interrupted bands across the body whorl. Common. From the River Gambia. 22. Marcinetta Nopata (pl. Ixxiv. f. 30.), Hinds, Zool. Proc. 1844. March. M. testa elongaté ovata vel sub-fusiformi, luteo-olivaced lineis nigris subflexuosis longitrorsum ornaté, punctis concoloribus con- spersis ; labio mtts denticulato; columella quadriplicata.” “With the general aspect and character of M. Cleryii, but somewhat larger, more broadly shouldered, the longitudinal lines studded at intervals with dark spots, and which are somewhat regularly disposed in the transverse direction ; and lastly the spire is less elongated and furnished with rather indistmct pliciform ribs.” In Capt. Belcher’s Collection, from Cape Blanco, W. coast of Africa ; found in sand at 12 to 15 fathoms. 23. Mareinecta musica (pl. lxxv. f. 36, 37.), Hinds, Zool. Proc. 1844, March. “ M.testa ovata, cinereo-olivacea, lineis nigris transversim ornati; 380 spird retuso-conici ; labro paululim incrassato, inttis levi; colu- mellé quadriplicata.” A smooth shell of a conical form, banded with lines of dark colour, between which are undulated pale greyish markings. In Capt. Belcher’s and Mr. Cuming’s Collection; from Cape Blanco, west coast of Africa, in 12 to 15 fathoms. 24, Maroinetia Betcuert (pl. Ixxiv. f. 25, 26, 27.), Hinds, Zool. Proc. 1844, March. “M. concinné ovata, alba, lineis eleganter punctatis raris, fre- quentioribus, vel confertis transversim depositis, interdum albo- fasciat’; spiri mediocri, conici; labro incrassato, albo, prope medium sub-dilatato, intts levi; columella quadriplicata.” Thick, oval, slightly angulated, smooth, the columella with four folds, the outer lip thick, particularly in the centre; the marking consists of bands remote, or close, or finely punctuated lines. In Capt. Belcher’s and Mr. Cuming’s Collection ; from Cape Blanco, west coast of Africa; taken in 12 to 15 fathoms. 25. Marcinetta Creryit (pl. lxxiv. f.9, 10.), Petc¢. Guerin, Mag. de zool. 1836, pl. 78. M. sub-elongata, pallidé fulva, griseo obscuré trifasciata, lineis nigrescentibus undatis longitudinaliter strigaté; spira producti, apicé obtusi; apertura breviusculd, columella quadriplicata ; labio externo sub-crenulato, posticé sub-arcuato, m1 medio incrassato, anticé emarginato. Rather elongated, smooth, with beautiful zebra-like longitudinal lines. From Senegal. 26. Marernetta Hamartira (pl. Ixxv.f. 60, 61.), Keener. Sp. gen. Coq. Viv. M. parva, mnitidd, ventricosi, rubra; spira producta, apice obtusa ; anfractu ultimo posticé ventricoso ; labio externo intus crenulato, exttis validé varicoso; columelli quadriplicata. Small, smooth, red; with a prominent, obtuse spire; the last whorl swelled near the suture; the columella has four folds, the outer lip is crenulated within and forms a strong varix on the outside. In Mr. Cuming’s Collection. From Porto Rico. 27. MARGINELLA NUBECULA (pl. lxxv. f.51.), Zam. Anim. s. vert. M. pyrum. Gronovius ? M. picta, Didlw. cat. M. angulata, conica, levi, ventricosi, maculis latis, griseis vel 381 roseis, nigro poné marginatis ornatd ; spird producta, anfractibus angulatis ; apice obtuso ; apertura lata; columellA quadriplicata ; labio externo levi, posticé sub-emarginato, tum angulato, anticé vix emarginato, pone leviter varicoso. Conical, smooth, with broad patches of a greyish or rosy colour, edged by dark zigzag lines; the whorls have an angle at some dis- tance from the suture; the outer lip is smooth, and its external margin is not very prominent. From the east coast of Africa. 28. Marernewya interMmepta (pl. lxxiv.f. 6. pl. Ixxvi. f. 90.), Sow. Jun. Zool. Proc., 1846. M. nubecula, var. alba, Kener ? M. ovali, subangulata, ventricosi, obliqua, alba, levi; spira ' producté ; anfractibus rotundato-angulatis; columella quadripli- cata; labio externo levi, crassa, laté reflexd. A more oblique and less conical shell than IZ. nubeculata, and the outer lip is more broadly and strongly reflected. Mr. Sowerby’s Collection. 29. Mar@inecra mosaica (pl. Ixxv. f. 58, 59.), nodzs. M. conici, levi, ventricosi, maculis griseis subquadratis, an- gulatim ornata; spiré breviusculd; anfractibus angulatis; aper- tura lata ; columella quadriplicata, labio externo levi, posticé emar- ginato, tum angulato, deinde prope angulum emarginato, in medio sub-incrassato, poné vix varicoso. This species has a much shorter spire than J. xubeculata, and the outer lip has a notch near the posterior angle. 30. Marernetta rosua (pl. Ixxv. f. 56, 57.), Lam. Anim. s. vert. V. Vil. M. ovali, leevi, maculis roseis vel fulvis, nigro-marginatis ornata; spira producti, apice obtusd, anfractibus sub-rotundatis, vel leviter angulatis ; apertura laté; columella quadriplicaté; labio externo leevi, posticé emarginato, tum angulato, demde laté emarginato, pone fasciatim maculato. More oval than I. nubeculata, and much less an gular; the outer lip has a notch near the angle. West Africa. 31. Mareinecia prperira (pl. lxxv. f. 40, 44.), Hinds, Zool. Proc. 1844. “M. test obovata, maculis parvis nigris et albidis, interdum longitudinaliter coalitis, confertim ornati; spiri retusa, conicé; 21 382 btusi, anfractu ultimo rotundaté angulato; spiré linea unic& comitat’; labro incrassato, extis nigro maculato, intus levi; colu- mellé quadriplicata. Differing more from JZ. rosea, in general appearance and colour- ing than in more tangible characteristics. In Mr. Cuming’s Collection ; locality unknown. 32. MareineLta aLpo-crncta (pl. Ixxv. f. 48.), nobis, Zool. Proc. 1846. M. sub-conici, subangulatd, levi, spird producté ; anfractibus angulatis, ultimo fascia alb& prope angulum, et altera ad terminum anticum cincta, inter fascias fusco maculato et punctis nigris picta ; columella quadriplicata. Provisionally described from a youug specimen in Mr. Cuming’s Collection. When full grown it would probably resemble J/. nubeculata im form. 33. Marcrnexta Festiva (pl. Ixxv. f. 72, 73.), Kiener, Sp. gen. coq. Viv. M. parva, oblong’, levi, pallidé fulva, lineis tribus roseis cincta, inter lineas, fasciis fuscis angulatim fusco-marginatis ornata ; spira. conicd, producté; columella anticé sub-incrassata, quadriplicata ; labio externo intts crenulato. A richly-marked small species, the only specimen of which we have seen is in the Collection of Professor T. Bell; locality un- known. 34. MarcIneLta FusirorMis (pl. Ixxv. f. 76, 77.), Hinds, Zool. Proc. 1844: M. fusiformi, albida vel pallidé corned ; spira elaté obtusi ; an- fractu ultimo gradatim attenuato; labro paululim inerassato, intus. levi; apertura lineari ; columella quadriplicata. A small, fusiform, white shell, with the anterior parts of the whorls slightly angulated ; the columella has four small folds, and the outer lip is smooth, swelled mwards near the centre. Tn Capt. Belcher’s Collection; from Straits of Malacca; taken in 17 fathoms, mud. 35. MarciIneLia canpipa (pl. Ixxv. f. 86, 87.), nodzs. M. parva, ovaté, alb&; spird brevi, anfractibus sub-rotundatis ; apertura elongata, columella quadriplicaté, labio externo intis crenulato, extts validé reflexo. 383 Described from a small white shell in the British Museum ; differing from M. Margarita in being of a more oval form, having the mouth much longer and wider, and having the crenulations of the outer lip less distinctly prominent. 36. Marervetia Marearrra (pl. lxxv. f. 66, 67.), Kzener, Sp. gen. coq. Viv. M. parva, ovata, alba; anticé angustata, spira breviuscula, coni- ca, anfractibus prope suturam rotundate sub- angulatis ; columella quadriplicata ; labio externo intts dentato, extus valid’ varicoso. A. small white species not uncommon in Collections, from India. 36. MaRGINELLA CHRULESCENS (pl. Ixxvii. f. 153, 154, 155.), Lam. Anim s. vert. vn. M. prunum, Gme/. Syst. p. 3445. M. ovali, sub-elongata, cinerea, obscuré trifasciat& ; spird conic’; anfractu ultimo versus apicem elevato, anticé marginato ; apertura elongata, magna, intus validé fusca ; columella antic’ callosa ; plicis quatuor validis ; labio externo posticd angulatim elevato, antice minimé emarginato. From Panama. Fig. 155 represents a dwarf variety. 38. MarGineia constricra (pl. Ixxvu. f. 156, 157.), Hinds, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1844, p. 74. M. “albida, obscure trifasciataé; spiri retusé conicd; anfractu ultimo prope medium coarctato ; labio incrassato, medio incurvato, intis levi, superné ad spiram adseendente - columellA uadri oli. , 3 I cata.” In Mr. Cuming’s Collection: locality unknown. 39. Mareinecta Saporinya (pl. Ixxvu. f.150,151.), Hinds, Zool. Proc. 1844. M. “elongaté ovata, feré sub-cylindraceo-ovata , cinerea vel glaucescente, concolore ; spira retuso-conicd ; apertura intis fusca ; labro incrassato, recto, albo, posticé fulvo, intts levi ; columella quadriplicata.” Differing from JZ. eerulescens in being more cylindrical, and in not having the angular elevation of the outer lip. In Panama; from 5 to 13 fathoms, sandy mud. Captain Belcher’s and Mr. Cuming’s Collection. 40. MarcInecia putcura (pl. Ixxvi. f. 152.),@ray, Breechey’s Voyage. M. cerulescenti simi, sed spiri magis producti, anfractibus rotundatis ; colore corneo fulvescente, fasciis obscuré purpureis. 2 12 384 Differing from MM. ce@rulescens in the spire bemg more produced and in the colouring, which is buff, with obscure purplish bands. 41. Marenetta crnera (pl. Ixxvi. f. 165, 166.), Kuener, Sp. gen. coq. viv., p. 21. M. sub-ovali, posticé sub-angulataé, varice tumido, aurantiaco latera spiram et terminum anticum colligente; spira producti, anfractibus rotundatis ; apertura angustd; columella callosa, late expansa, plicis quatuor, quarum duabus anticis incrassatis, labic externo lzevi, crasso, posticé emarginato. More angular than JZ. divaricosa, encircled with a bright orange callous margin, which surrounds the spire and is not doubled on the right side. Mr. Cuming’s Collection ; locality unknown. 42. MarGInELLA BIvaricosa (pl. Ixxvi. f.171, 172.), Lam. Vol. marginata, Born, Mus. t. 9. f. 5. 6. M. ovali ; varice tumido, uno latere duplicato, latera, spiree partem, et terminum anticum colligente; spiri producti anfractibus ro- tundatis ; apertura angusté; columella callosd, late expansd, plicis quatuor ; labio externo crasso, posticé emarginato. Remarkable for the manner in which the lips of the aperture are extended and thickened round the sides, and at the back of the shell, nearly enveloping the spire, and forming a double ridge ou the right side. From Senegal. 43. MARGINELLA AMYGDALA (pl. Ixxvn. f. 160, 161, 162.), Kiener, Sp. gen. coq. viv. M. ovali, ventricos’, pallidé cinerea, ad latera et anticé tumida, fusco marginaté; spird conicd, anfractibus albo-marginatis ; aper- turd ints fusca, anticé sub-dilatataé ; columella laté expansa, alba, plicis quatuor, quarum duabus anticis validis, spiralibus; labio externo albo, crasso, versts apicem elevato, anticé sub-acuto, pro- ducto. Variat pallidé fulvé, mimis ventricos4 ; variat etiam cinereo- fusca. Figures 160-1, may be taken to represent the typical form of this shell. Fig. 162, represents a rather young specimen of a less ventricose variety in the Collection of Mr. Cuming, who also possesses a pale fawn-coloured variety of similar form. From Senegal. 385 44, MarcINneLia Quinquppicata (pl.ixxvu. f. 145,146.), Lam. anim. s. vert. vil. M. pyriformi, ventricosi, pallidé grised, anticé area triangulari varice marginatd ; spird brevissim’; aperturi magna, posticé an- gulataé ; columella plicis quinque validis, duabus anticis proximis ; prope medium anfractis ultimi varice transverso plus minusve valido, labio externo ad suturam angulatim elevato, tum rotundato, deinde crasso, rectiusculo, anticé emarginato, extts validé canali- fero. Pyriform, ventricose, of a slaty colour, with a broad triangular varix at the anterior part of the last whorl; the spire short ; the aperture posteriorly angulated, anteriorly widened; there are five thick folds on the columella, and a transverse callosity on the body whorl above the folds. The outer lip is broad, angular, with a groove behind the reflected margin. A common shell; Mr. Cuming has it from Malacca. 45. MarGinetia ELEGANS (pl. Ixxvu. f. 147, 148, 149.), Gmed. p- 3448. Voluta cancellata, Schrieder. Voluta undulata, Chem. et Voluta strigata, Dillwyn, inclusis. M. sub-conica, ventricosi, pallidé grised, lineis nigrescentibus, fasciis albis interruptis, fasciatim cincta, vel lneis interruptis undu- latis sparsim ornata, anticé varice acuto marginato ; apertura lata, columellé anticé callosi plicis quinque aurantiis quarum duabus anticis proximis ; labio externo leevi, paululim incurvo, ad extremi- tates subexpanso, plerumque aurantio, extis validé reflexo. The variety, fig. 148, is the Voluta undulata of Chemn. ; it is rather more ventricose than the variety, fig. 147, which is J/. elegans of Gmel. From the Kast Indies. 46, Mareinetia tTurBrnata (pl. lxxv. f. 70, 71.), nodis. M. turbinaté, angulata, pallidé fulva; spiré breviusculd, anfrac- tibus angulatis, ad angulum crenatis; columellé quadriphicata ; labio externo levi, posticé angulato, in medio incurvo, anticé emar- ginato, poné ad basin varicis columellari juncto. At the base of this and several succeeding species there is a raised band or varix running from the columella round the back of the shell into the reflected edge of the outer hp. This differs from other species of the same group, in being turbinated in form and crenulated at the angle of the whorls. Mr. Gaskoin’s Collection ; locality unknown. 386 47. Mareinenia scripra (pl. Ixxv. f. 83, 84, 85.), Hinds, Zool. Proc. 1844. “