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THESAURUS CONCHYLIORUM,

MONOGRAPHS

GENERA OF SHELLS.

EDITED BY

Division of Mpiiys
» “ aA Ss
| Sectional Library
G. B. SOWERBY, E.LS. .

eee

VOL. IL.

eee ewer

LONDON:
SOWERBY, 70, GREAT RUSSELL STREET, BLOOMSBURY

1835.

3503291

QL
ow
Pre) 713
IY 7
ve Zz
text

SeNHRE

of Genera of Shells contained in the second volume of the

“THESAURUS

CANCELLARIA

NavtiLus
OvuLUM
PHOLAS

TRIOMPHALIA

NERITINA

NAVICELLA . .
BuLuip®, Family of

MEROE
CYTHEREA
CIRCE
ARTEMIS
LuctInopsiIs
TaPEs
CLEMENTIA
VENUS

Supplementary VENERIDa
First Index to VenERIDA&

VENERUPIS
PETRICOLA
ASTARTE .

Cyprina and Suppl. VENERIDE
Second Index to VenERIDz .

EULIMA
NIso
LEIOSTRACA
OBELIsSCcUS

PYRAMIDELLA
Monoptyema

STOMATELLA
STOMATIA
GENA
Micrortis
CERITHIUM

MONOGRAPHS
CONCHYLIORUM.’
Page. Plate.
. 439 to 461 92 to 96
. 463 — 465 97 — 98
. 467 — 484 99 — 101
. 485 — 505 102 — 108
. 507 — 546 . . 109 — 116
. 547 — 552 117, 118, 118 ds.
. 553 — 608 119 — 125
. 609 — 611 126
. 61i — 648 127 — 136
. 648 — 654 137 — 139
. 656 — 677 140 — 144
. 678 — 702 145 — 151
. 1038 — 742 152 — 162
. 142 — 745 163
. 746 — 762
. 763 — 770 164 — 165
- A AT 166
778 — 783 167
784 — 787 168
. 788 — 791
. 793 — 825 169 — 172
. 827 — 846 178 — 175
. 847 — 860 176 — 186

The supplementary plates and descriptions of Cyclostoma, pl. 31 a,
314, and pages 157*, 168*, should be placed following pl. 31 and

page 156 in Vol. L., if that volume is still unbound.
end of Vol. IT.

If not, at the

As the plan formerly recommended, of binding the plates separately
from the text, does not seem to succeed, perhaps it will be better to
place the plates after the text of each genus.
however, of those who wish it, a second copy of the Title and Contents

is given,

For the convenience,

NOTICE.

iy publishing the completion of the Second Volume, the Editor again
thanks his friends for their support, and again apologizes for all delays.
Any considerable increase in the former will be followed by a de-
crease in the latter.

Many of the Subscribers are already aware that the Editor’s father,
Mr. G. B. Sowerby, F.L.8., to whom they are indebted for several
Monographs, has been removed by death, after a life devoted to
Science. His family, his acquaintances, his commercial patrons, and
his fellow labourers in Natural History, will ever remember him with
affection and honour, as a husband, a father, a friend, a man of inte-
erity, and a useful contributor to knowledge.

The business at 70, Great Russell Street, is continued by a part of

the family

439

MONOGRAPH OF THE GENUS

CANCELLARIA.

Gen. Char. Molluscum trachelipodum marinum. ‘Testa spiralis,
solida, plerumque cancellata, spird brevi, aperturd magna, colu-
mella spiraliter plicaté. Operculum nullum.

A marine mollusc belonging to the order of Trachelipoda,
having a solid, generally cancellated shell with a short spire, large
aperture and spirally plicated aperture. No operculum.

1. CANCELLARIA CASSIDIFORMIS (pl. xc. f. 15.), Sowerby,
Pro. Zool. Soc. 1882. p. 53.

C. testa crass, sub-turbinata, spird brevi, apice acuminato,
sutura canaliculaté; anfractibus angulatis, ad angulum acute tu-
berculatis, spiraliter sulcatis; apertura oblongé anticé vix emarg-
nati, labio mterno expanso; columella triplicaté; colore fusco,
albo unifasciato.

Thick, turbinated, with a short, sharp spire, the whorls of
which are angulated, with sharp tubercles at the angle and a
groove at the suture. The aperture is long, with the inner lip
spread and the outer hp with shghtly raised ndges inside. From
Panama.

2. CaNCELLARIA SPENGLERIANA (PI. xci. f. 29.), Deshayes,
Enc. Méth. p.185. C. Tritomis, Sowerby, Conch. Iustr. f. 15.

C. testi sub-ovali, alternatim spiraliter decussaté; spird acu-
minata, anfractibus angulatis, costatis; costis distantibus, crassis,
ad angulum acuté tuberculatis; apertura ovali, levi; columella
expansi, obtusé triplicaté, granulaté; labio externo denticulato
posticé sub-canalifero, anticé paululim emarginato. Colore
pallidé fulvo, obscuré bifasciato, ad angulum fusco.

This shell is from Cagayan, Isle of Mindanao. It is decussated
by spiral nes crossing thick, distant ribs ; the whorls are strongly
angulated near the suture, and the ribs sharply tuberculated at
the angle; the folds on the columella, which is granulated, are

440

irregular and obtuse, the outer lip is denticulated. The colour
is pale buff, obscurely banded with grey and dark chesnut behind
the angle.

3. CANCELLARIA NODULIFERA (pl. xciv. f. 57.), Sowerby,
Tanc. Cat. Appendix, p. 15. (1825). Conch. Ilustr. f. 21. C. Im-
perialis, Michelin, Guerin, Mag. Hist. Nat. (1832).

C. testé ovato-ventricosi; spiri brevi; anfractibus posticé
angulatis ; costis validis, distantibus, ad angulum acute tubercu-
latis; lineis elevatis spiralibus; suturd profundé canaliculata ;
apertura magna, levi: columelli granulaté, obtuse triplicata.
Colore fulvo, albo prope medium anfractuum cincto.

From Japan, a ventricose shell, with broad, distant ribs crossed
by narrow spiral ribs or striz. ‘The whorls are angular and the
suture canaliculated, the ribs tuberculated at the angle of the
whorls. It is of a pale fawn or yellow colour with a white band
near the centre of the whorls. The shell figured by Kiener as
the same species, under Michelin’s name of C. imperialis may be
really the same, but it has no canal at the suture. Nor does
Kiener inform us why, supposing the species to be the same, he
does not adopt the name first published. Michelin’s shell resembles
our Cassidiformis.

4, CANCELLARIA CUMINGIANA (pl. xcii. f. 20.) Petit, Guerin,
Mag. Hist. Nat.

C. testa turbinatd, validé sulcati, anticé umbilicaté ; spird brevi;
anfractibus rotundatis. Apertura magni, ovali, plicis tribus
obtusis. Colore fusco, apertura alba.

Suleated, rather turbinate with short rounded spire; with an
umbilicus behind the columella and a smooth oval aperture.
From Payta.

5. Cancentarta souipa (pl. xen. f. 4.), Sowerby, Pro.
Zool. Soc. 1832, p. 52.

C. test& sub-ovata, sub-turbinata, solidd, levi; spird brevi, ad

st A A b A = a )
apicem costati, apertura ovali, oblong’; labio externo validé bi-
emarginato: colore fulvo.

Smooth, turbinated, rather oval, of an orange colour, with the
canal strongly notched and the outer lp emargiated.

Found at Real Llejos im Central America.

6. Cancentarta Butsutus (p. xev. f. 64.), Sowerby, Pro.
Zool. Soc., 1832, p. 55.

441

C. test’ sub-turbinaté, sub-ovali, levi; spira acuminata, anfrac-
tibus superioribus decussatim costatis; ultimo prope suturam et
antic spiraliter striato; apertura pyriformi; plicis columellie
tribus, prima acut4; labio externo acuto, ad canalem paululiim
emarginato ; colore fulvo.

Found at Real Llejos in Central America in company with
C. solida, which it much resembles ; but the apex is longer and the
ribs continued to the last whorl. The lower part of the body
whorl is spirally striated.

7. CanceLtaria ovata (pl. xcii. f. 2.), Sowerby, Pro. Zool.
Soc. 1842, f. 53.

C. testa ovali, levigaté, spiraliter sulcaté; spiri brevi, acu-
minata, anfractibus decussatim costatis, suturd distincté ; anfractu
ultimo anticé sub-umbilicato : apertura angustaté ; columella plicis
tribus, quarum prima prominente, duplicati ; labio externo, mar-
gine dentato, anticé fluctuato, ad canalem emarginato, intus valide
sulcato: colore fusco, apertura alba.

Found at St. Elena, Kast Columbia, in eight to ten fathoms of
water with a sandy bottom. It is oval, with a rather short can-
cellated spire; the body whorlis grooved, and behind the colu-
mella, slightly umbilicated, the upper fold of the columella is
duplicate and prominent; the mouth is interiorly ribbed and the
outer lip denticulated at the edge. The colour is dark chesnut
with pale bands in both directions ; the aperture white.

8. CANCELLARIA OBESA (pl. xci. f. 37.), Sowerby, Pro.
Zool. Soc. 1882, f. 52.

C. testa crassi ovata, ventricosd, levi; spira brevi, acuminata,
anfractibus decussatim costatis, sutura distincté; anfractu ultimo
spiraliter obsolete sulcato; aperturd subangusté, interne validé
costati, prope marginem costis validé elevatis; columella plicis
duabus, posticai crass, duplicaté; labio externo prope suturam et
ad canalem emarginato. Colore, pallidé fasciatim fulvo.

Found at Puerto and in the gulf of Dulce, Central America, in
fifteen fathoms of water. It is a ventricose, heavy shell, with a
short spire which is decussated, but in the body whorl the spiral
grooves are nearly obsolete. The mouth is internally ribbed and
the upper fold of the columella is thick and duplicated. It is
like C. ovata, but much more ventricose.

44.2

9. CANCELLARIA RETICULATA (pl. xcu. f. 17.), Lamarck,
K. M.f. 375. f. 3.

C. test solidissimé, costis undulatis transversé et longitudina-
liter decussaté ; spiré acuminata; anfractibus rotundatis ; apertura
anticé subquadrati: columellé crassa, plicis tribus validissimis,
acuté prominentibus ; labio externo costis sexdecim crenato : colore
fulvo, fusco irregulariter fasciato.

A thick shell, with the spire rather prominent, reticulated by
obtuse ribs crossing each other. The aperture is rather wide at
the anterior, the folds of the columella very prominent and sharp,
the outer lip is strongly ribbed from within.

West Indies.

10. Cancettarta Canprpa (p. xcil. f. 8.), Sowerby, Conch.
Hlustr. sp. 2.

C. test’ ovali, alba; costis longitudinalibus, sub-noduliferis,
transverse striatis decussaté ; spira acuminata, anfractibus subquad-
ratis; columellé vix incrassatéi; plicis duo, und promiente:
labio externo interne costato.

Resembling C. reticulata, but white, with the longitudinal ribs
sharper and more defined m proportion to the crossing strie.
Polynesia.

11. CanceLLaRtIa AusTRALts (pl. xev. £.72, 73.), Sowerby,
Conch. Llustr. sp. 24.

C. testi alba, ovali, decussata mter costas minute striatis ; spira
acuminati, anfractibus rotundatis; apertura interne plicata;
columella plicis tribus obtusis.

This shell, which 1s from New South Wales, is more oval and
ventricose than C. candida, with the folds of the columella more
obtuse, and the space between the cross ribs minutely striated.

12. CaNCELLARIA ALBIDA (pl. xciv, f. 43.), Hinds, Zoology
of Sulphur, p. 42.

C. test ovali sub-clongata costis, longitudinalibus, sub-nodu-
liferis transversé striatis decussaté; spiré acuminata, anfractibus
subquadratis; columella vix incrassaté; plicis tribus obliquis ;
labio externo interné costato.

A narrower shell than C. candida, with the three folds of the
columella less prominent and more equal.

443

13. CancELLaRta uRcEOLATA (pl. xeiv. f. 48.), LZimds, Zool.
Sulphur. p. 41. pl. xi. f. 7, 8.

C. testé subcylindrica, levigatd, epidermide fusci induta; spird
acuminati, anfractibus angulatis, longitudinaliter costatis, costis
decussatis, ultimi anfractis distantibus, complanatis ; anfractu
ultimo anticé coarctato, ad columellam umbilicato; apertura
interné leviter costaté labio externo anticé flexuosa, ad canalem
leviter emarginato; columella biplicata.

This shell was procured in the gulf of Papagayo and at San
Blas, in seven to fourteen fathoms water, it is of an oval form,
with the last whorl subcylindrical ; the spire is acuminated, con-
sisting of angular whorls which are decussated and ribbed. The
body whorl is rather contracted anteriorly and umbilicated near
the anterior termination of the columella. ‘The ribs on the body
whorl are distant, broad, and flat.

14. CancELLARIA vENTRICosA (pl. xev. f.77.), Hinds, Pro.
Zool. Soc. 1848, p.47. Zool. Sulphur. pl. xu. f. 11, 12.

C. testé ovali, cancellaté, ventricos’; spira subelongaté, acumi-
naté; anfractu ultimo, anticé subumbilicato: apertura levi;
columella triplicati; labio externo ad marginem denticulato.
Colore fulvo.

From Realejo, on the W. coast of America. Something like
C. candida, but of a brown colour, with a more acuminated spire,
the whorls of which are less rounded ; and the mouth is smooth.

15. CaNCELLARIA GRANOSA (pl. xev. f. 58, 59.), Sowerby,
Conch. Illustr. No. 15. fig. 17. (f. 16, exclusa.)

C. test& ovali, costis noduliferis granulaté; spird acuminata ;
anfractibus angulatis, angulo prominente granoso: apertura intils
leviter costaté; columellé granulata, obtus4 triplicata. Colore
pallidé fulvo-rufescente, ad angulum anfractuum maculis castaneis.

This shell, from Van Dieman’s Land, is distinguished by the
spiral ribs forming a series of tubercles in passing over the longi-
tudinal ribs, which are still more strongly tubercled at the angle
of the whorls. The columella is granulated and its folds small ;
the mouth is lightly ribbed within. The shell is of a delicate buff
colour with chesnut spots on the angle of the whorls, and the
mouth pale fawn. We separate the shell represented m Conch.
Illustr. f. 16.

16. CancELLaRIa UNDULATA (pl. xcii. f. 12.; pl. xev. £.79.),
Sowerby gunr., Pro. Lool. Soc. 1848.

444

C. testa ovali, lineis undulatis, paululiim elevatis cincta ; costis
crassiusculis subnoduliferis; anfractibus subangulatis ; apertura
interné striaté; columelli crass, granulosa: colore fulvo-fusco,
precipué ad angulum anfractuum, imterruptim fasciato.

From Van Dieman’s Land. Mr. Cuming possesses a variety of
stunted growth from the Philippines. This species was originally
included with the preceding, from which it differs in the fineness
of the strive, and the smallness of the spire compared with the
body whorl.

17. Cancetiarta Buccrnores (pl. xc. f. 10, 11.), Sowerby,
Pro. Zool. Soc. 1832, p. 54.

C. testi oblong’, costis longitudinalibus noduliferis, et costis
transversis subduplicatis corrugaté: apertura ovati oblonga,
margine diffusi, emarginaté interné leviter costatd, posticé sub-
canalifer’; columella bi-plicataé, granuliferaé. Colore fulvo, inter
costas fusco, in medium anfractuum albo-unifasciato.

From Real Llejos, Iquique, Callao, and Puerto Portrero. The
more or less duplicated ridges in crossing the longitudinal ribs
form small nodules particularly at the angle of the whorls; but

they are much more distant than in C. granulosa.

18. CANCELLARIA INDENTATA (pl. xci. f.7; pl. xev. f. 80.),
Sowerby, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1832, p. 54. C. cremata, Hinds, Voy.
Sulphur. p. 42. inclusa.

C. test& oblonga clathrata, poné columellam umbilicata, costis
longitudinalibus et transversis noduliferis cancellata; anfractibus
angulatis ; apertura plerumque subquadrata, postice et antice sub-
canalifera, interné costata; labio externo obtusé dentato, anticé
emarginato: columellé corrugata, irregulariter triplicatd; colore
fusco.

From Panama, and a dwarf variety from the gulf of Forseca.
The shell is cancellated by equidistant bars crossing each other,
and forming nodules at their junction. The mouth is strongly
ribbed internally; the outer lip is rather dilated and dentated ;
the columella is corrugated, and has three irregular folds, of which
the lowest is the smallest. After carefully noticing the gradation
of specimens, I am led to regard the variety, fig. 80, named
C. cremata by Hinds, as correctly included in this species, although
more conical in form. There is also a dwarf variety which is
short and rounded, left out of the plates by oversight.

445

19. CanceLLaria MiTRiFoRMIS (pl. xci. f. 24. var. f. 35.),
Sowerby, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1832. p. 51. C. uniplicata, Sowerby,
P.Z.S. 1832. p. 173.

C. testé oblonga, costis longitudinalibus et transversis numerosis,
subnoduliferis cancellataé ; spiré acuminata ; anfractibus angulatis ;
apertura levi; labio externo dentato, emarginato ; columella anticé
producté, crenulaté, irregulariter bi-plicaté; colore brunneo ;
variat nigricante.

From Panama. In the variety named C. uniplicata, by Mr.
Sowerby, senior, there is an indication of a second fold, which in
an intermediate specimen becomes more decided: the gradation
in other respects leaves no doubt on the mind of the describer of
C. uniplicata, that, however different the dark-coloured specimens
may appear, they are but incompletely formed varieties of C. mityi-

Jormis, which is one of the most beautiful, as well as rare, of the
Cancellaria in Mr. Cuming’s collection.

20. CANCELLARIA cCLAVATULA (pl. xci. f. 13; pl. xev.
f. 67.), Sowerby, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1832. p. 52.

C. testé elongata, clavaté; costis longitudinalibus transversé
striatis; varicibus raris elevatis: spird acuminata anfractibus
angulatis: apertura interné levi, prope marginem dentaté; labio
externo emarginato, columella bi-plicaté. Colore fulvo vel fusco
bilineato. Variat striis ad costas acuté elevatis.

From Panama and Payta, where it was taken up from sandy
mud in seven fathoms water. Like the last species it is slender
in form. It has elevated varices at different periods of growth,
hike those in the genus 777¢on. The mouth is laterally prominent.
Fig. 67 represents a variety with the crossing strie elevated into
points at the angle of the whorls.

21. CANCELLARIA T&HN1ATA (pl. xev. f. 75, 76.), Sowerby,
Pro. Zool. Soc. 1848.

C. testé oblonga, turrit’; costis numerosis, transverse striatis
_ ad angulum anfractuum acuté angulatis; spird acuminata, apice
mammelliferé; apertura interné levigati, margine acuto, columella
levi, biplicaté. Colore pallidissimé fulvo, fusco teeniato.

Shell oblong, turretted, with numerous transversely striated ribs,
which are elevated into acute points at the angle of the whorls.
The colour is disposed in transverse narrow bands on a very pale
ground. Locality unknown.

446

22. CanceLtaria Piscatorum (pl. xc. f. 33.), Chemun.
Conch. t. 10. f. 1151, 1152. C. nodulosa, Zam. Anim. sans vert.

C. testa ovali, turrité, poné columellam umbilicatd ; costis acuté
noduliferis, ad angulum anfractuum acuté elevatis; apertura
magna, posticé angulataé ; labio externo dentato ; columella tortua,
obscuré triplicaté. Colore griseo, fusco maculato, apertura fusca,
albo unifasciato ; margine albo.

From the sands at the mouth of the river Gambia. The mouth
is large and angular, internally of a dark-brown colour, with white
edge and one white band in the centre, the spme is formed of
very distinctly angulated whorls. The ribs form sharp points at
the angles.

23. CANCELLARIA GEMMULATA (pl. xcu. f. 14.), Sowerby,
Pro. Zool. Soc. 1832. p. 55.

C. testa ovato-ventricosa, alba, costis numerosis noduliferis et
sulcis elevatis cancellaté ; spira breviusculd, anfractibus rotunda-
tis; aperturié magn, posticé subcanaliculaté, interné costata,
margine dentato; columella anticé triplicaté, posticé uniplicata.

Of an oval form, with smooth nodules formed by transverse
ridges passing over regular ribs. Found in Nocoya bay, in a
bottom of sandy mud.

24, CaNcELLARIA DeEcussata (pl. xci. f.3.), Sowerby, Pro.
Zool. Soc. 1832. p. 55.

C. testa ovata decussatim costellata, costis ad juncturam nodu-
liferis ; interstitiis quadratis ; spiré acuminata, anfractibus ro-
tundatis; aperturd ovali, interne leviter costati; labio externo
crenato; columellé wmbilicataé, validé triplicaté: colore fusco,
albo unifasciato.

From Panama and Puerto Portrero, in sandy mud, ten or
thirteen fathoms water. Of an oval form, cancellated by equi-
distant ridges crossing each other, and forming little knots at the
juncture. The insterstices are square and smooth.

25. CANCELLARIA ELEGANS (pl. xcii. f. 36. pl. xevi. f. 104.), -
Sowerby, Genera of Shells.

C. testa ovali, minuté lineis elevatis acutis decussatd; spirA
acuminata; anfractibus ad suturam subcanaliferis; apertura
interné costata; labio externo denticulato; columella subumbili-
cata, rugosa, triplicataé : colore fulvo, albo bifasciato ; apertura alba.

447

Of an oval form, minutely crossed by sharp ribs and striz.
From the Isle Ticao. Taken in sandy mud at a depth of six
fathoms.

26. CANCELLARIA ASPERELLA (pl. xcu. f. 38. pl. xev. f. 74),
Lamarck, hi. M. p. 347. £. 3.

C. testd ovali, longitudinaliter costis angulatis, et transverse
lineis elevatis acutis, asperrimé decussati; spd acuminata; an-
fractibus ad suturam canaliferis; apertura interné costati; labio
externo denticulato; columella subumbilicata, rugosa, triplicata :
colore fusco, obscuré fulvo unifasciato.

Much more coarsely and sharply decussated than C. elegans.

From Baclayon, Island of Bohol, in seventeen fathoms water.

27. CANCELLARIA MELANOsToMA (pl. xcv. f. 78), Sowerby
gunr Pro. Zool. Soc., 1848.

C. testa ovali, longitudinaliter striis noduliferis et transversé
strus alternatis minuté decussata; spiré acuminata, anfractibus
paucis, rotundatis ; apertura ovali, magna, interné costaté; labio
externo denticulato; columella expansi, anticé granulata, tripli-
cat&: colore pallidé fulvo fusco, laté fasciato ; labio externo bi-ma-
culato, columella fusca nigricante.

The smoothness of the striz, the more oval form, the peculiar
dark colour and granulations of the columella serve to distinguish
this species from the preceding. Mr. Cuming possesses the only
specimen we have seen.

From an unknown locality.

28. CANCELLARIA OBLONGA (pl. xciii. f. 25), Sowerby, Tanc.
Cat. appendix. p. 15.

C. testa oblongo-ovali, striis transversis et longitudinaliter mi-
uutissimé decussata; spira acuminatd, suturd profunda ; apertura
oblonga, interné costati; labio externo denticulato; columella
triplicata, anticé rugulos4 : colore pallidé fulvo, fasciis fuscis cincto.

Much more elongated and more minutely striated than C. elegans.

Found in coarse sand in the Straits of Maccassar.

29. CANCELLARIA TESSELLATA (pl. xcill. f. 32), Sowerby,
Pro. Zool. Soc., 1832. p. 51.
C. testé ovali, oblongd, minuté cancellaté; apertura interné
costaté; labio externo interné dentato; columella crassi, ex-
pansa, bi-plicata: colore in maculis fuscis quadratis disposito.

448

From the bay of Caraccas. A small oval species with the
columellar lip much thickened and the colour arranged in three
rows of square brown spots.

30. CANCELLARIA PuRPURIFORMIS (pl. xcv. f. 68, 70),
Valenciennes, Kiener, Sp. Cocq. viv. no. 27.

C. test& ovali, spiraliter striata, vix longitudinaliter costata,
spira elongaté, obtusa, anfractibus rotundatis: apertura imterné
striati; labio externo denticulato; columellé triplicata, anticé
rugulaté: colore pallidé sulphureo.

Oval, of a pale sulphur colour, with very obscure ribs, and
minute spiral strie.

Locality unknown.

31. CanceLzarta corrucata (pl. xevi. f. 92, 93), Hinds,
Voy. Sulph. Mollusca. p. 42.

C. “testé bucciniformi fusci; anfractibus quaternis, subven-
tricosis, rugis parvis longitudinalibus indutis, leis impressis
decussatis ; apertura oblong’, fuscd; labio intus sulcato; colu-
melli plicis duabus albidis instructé; umbilico nullo; canali
mediocni.””

Resembling C. Purpuriformis, but with the upper whorls much
more prominent.

From the bay of Guayaquill: seven fathoms, mud.

32. CANCELLARIA L&vIGATA (pl. xcn. f. 16. pl. xevi. f. 81),
Sowerby, Conch. Illustr. f. 24.

C. testa ovata, lavigati, crassi, spiri obtusi, anfractibus sub-
angulatis, céstis levibus, in ultimo anfractu obsoletis ; apertura
interne costati; labio externo interné denticulato: columella
granulati, triplicata. Colore fulvo rufescente, fusco ad angulum
anfractuum maculato: variat albo.

Similar in form to the preceding, but smooth, the ribs only
visible in the upper whorls.

From New South Wales.

33. CaNcELLaRTA LacTEA (pl. xcvi. f. 105), Deshayes, H. M.
p. 180.

C. testa obovata, levigatee stmillima sed “ tenui, translucida,
anfractibus haud angulatis.

Ttis by no means clear that this species being “ thin and trans-
lucid” is the same as C. laevigata, which is a very thick shell

449

with rather angulated whorls. M. Kiener seems, however, to
take it for granted.

34. CanceLLaRia spirata (pl. xcii. f. 22), Lamarck, Anim.
sans vert.

C. testi ovata levigaté; spird turrité; anfractibus costatis, ad
suturam canaliferis; apertura interné costati; labio externo levi ;
columella triplicaté: colore sub-roseo, maculis fuscis ad angulum
anfractuum.

Resembling the coloured variety of C. /evigata, in every respect,
excepting that the whorls are deeply grooved at the suture.

From Garden Island, Swan River.

35. CANCELLARIA ExcAvatTa (pl. xciil. f. 18), Sowerby junr.
Pro. Zool. Soc., 1848.

C. testa ovata levi; spira acuminata, turriti; anfractibus ad
suturam profundé excavatis ; apertura breviuscula, angulata, labio
externo levi, interné costato: columelld triplicaté, umbilicata ;
colore nullo.

Resembling C. spirata, but having the aperture short in pro-
portion to the spire and the upper part of the whorls more deeply
excavated. The shell is umbilicated and white.

From South Australia.

36. Cancettaria Covuruoyr (pl. xevi. f. 100, 101), Jay,
Boston American Journal.

C. testa parva, ovali, alb&, minuté spiraliter striaté; spira acu-
minata, anfractibus rotundatis; apertura levi, ovali; columella
obsoletissimé plicata.

More oval in form than the following C. viridula, with the
columella nearly smooth.

From Massachusetts Bay.

37. CANCELLARIA VIRIDULA (pl. xcvi. f. 102), Admete viridula ;
Gould.

C. testé oblonga, longitudinaliter obscuré ‘costata, spiraliter
costaté; spird acuminata, anfractibus rotundatis; suturd valida;
apertura brevi, levi; columella obsoleté plicaté; colore nullo;
epidermide pallidé viridescente.

Oblong, white, with acuminated spire. Fine strize passing over
nearly obsolete ribs. The folds on the columella scarcely per-
ceptible.

450

38. CANCELLARIA LITTORINZFORMIS (pl. xcil. f, 5, 6,9), Sow-
erby, Conch. Ilustr. f. 14.

C. testé rotundati, minuté granulatim decussata; spird obtusa ;
suturaé nonnunquam sub-sulcata ; apertura interné costata, colu-
mella triplicaté, umbilicaté: colore fusco.

A short species resembling a common Periwinkle. Minute
lines crossing each other on the surface produce a fine granulation.
In some varieties the spire is more produced and the whole are
slightly depressed at the suture.

From Ceylon.

39. CANCELLARIA VERRAUXII (pl. xcii. f. 28), Kiener, pl. vil.
i S.sp. Ui.

C. testa ovali, costis rugosis longitudinalibus, et lineis elevatis
spiralbus cancellata: spiraé acuminati; anfractibus angulatis ;
apertura interne striata, columella triplicata umbilicata, colore
fusco rufescente.

The spire more produced than in C. Littorineformis, with the
surface cancellated ; of a ight brown-colour.

Locality unknown.

40. CANCELLARIA CANCELLATA (pl. xciv. f. 51. Lam. E. M. f. 4).

C. testa ventricosd, costis longitudinalibus distantibus nodu-
liferis et costis transversis undulatis acutiusculis cancellaté; an-
fractibus rotundato-angulatis ; apertura posticé et anticé canalicu-
lata, interne costata; columella crassa, anticé rugosa, triplicata ;
umbilico magno: colore per fascias duas fuscas spirales disposito ;
apertura alba.

A ventricose shell, cancellated by spiral rather angulated ribs,
crossing and forming nodules upon distant longitudinal ones.
The umbilicus is large.

Found in the River Gambia, and at Malaga in Spain.

41. CANCELLARIA sIMILIs (pl. xciv. f. 42), Sowerby, Conch.
Illustr. no. 9.

C. testa ventricos4, costis longitudinalibus flexuosis, distantibus,
et costis transversis acutis numerosis, sub-alternatis cancellata ;
apertura posticé et antice canaliculaté, interné costulata, umbilico
magno; colore griseo, et albo fusco fasciato.

Like C. cancellata, but shorter, with the spiral ribs very much
more numerous and having in some parts an interstitial rib.

From Senegal.

45)

42, CANCELLARIA PULCHRA (pl. xciv. f. 41), Sowerby, Pro.
Zool. Soc., 1832. p. 50.

C. testa ventricosi, costis longitudinalibus angulatis, et costis
spiralibus super costas longitudinales acuté angulatis, cancellata :
anfractibus angulatis, ad angulum coronatis; apertura posticé et
anticé canaliferd, interné costatd, margine dentato, columella crassa,
rugosa, triplicati; umbilico magno, margine corrugato; colore
ad angulum et in medium anfractuum fusco fasciato.

Differing from C. cancel/ata in the angularity of the whorls and
in the cross ribs being raised into angular points in passing over
the longitudinal ones. The angle of the whorls is thus beautifully
coronated and the edge of the aperture dentated.

Collected by Mr. Cuming at St. Elena, in West Columbia ; sandy
bottom.

43. CaNcELLARIA Curysostoma (pl. xciv. f. 39), Sowerby,
Pro. Zool. Soc., p. 54. 1832.

C. testa ventricosd, solidi, spiraliter alternatim sulcatd; costis
longitudinalibus magnis, rugosis ; spira brevi; anfractibus rotun-
dato-angulatis ; aperturad interné costataé, ad marginem crenulata ;
canali sub-producto; columella crass’, rugosa, validé triplicata ;
umbilico magno ; colore griseo ad angulum anfractuum fusco uni-
fasciato ; apertura aurantiaca.

A ventricose shell with large umbilicus and thick rugose ribs ;
the whorls angulated, the aperture ribbed inside and of a brilliant
orange colour.

Collected by Mr. Cuming, in sand (eight to ten fathoms water)
at St. Elena and Panama.

44, CANCELLARIA RUGOSA (pl. xciv. f. 44), Lamarck, BE. M.
be oTOwie 6:

C. test& ventricosa, solidi; spiraliter sulcaté, costis longitu-
dinalibus magnis, rugosis; spiraé acuminata, anfractibus obtusé
angulatis ; apertura obliqua, interné costata: labio externo crenu-
lato, crasso; canali brevi; columella crassi rugosa, triplicata ;
umbilico parvo, vix excavato: colore pallidissimé fulvo, rubro
sparsim asperso, in medium anfractuum et ad angulum interrup-
tim fasciato.

Resembling C. chrysostoma, but with the umbilicus scarcely
excavated, the spiral ribs not alternated, the angle of the whorls
less elevated. It is of a light colour sprinkled with a reddish

452

colour with a band of colour between the ribs at the angle, and
another below the centre of the ribs.
From China.

45, CaANCELLARIA Ha&MastoMa (pl. xciv. f. 53, 54, 55),
Sowerby, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1832, p. 54.

C. testé ventricosd, solida, spiraliter sulcatd, costis longitudina-
hibus magnis; anfractibus rotundato-angulatis; apertura brevi,
interné costati, ad marginem crenulatd; canali brevi; columella
crass, rugosa, triplicaté; umbilico magno, sulcato; colore aper-
turee aurantio, anfractuum, fusco fasciato et lineato: variat albo.

It is much less rugose than C. chrysostoma, and the aperture
much shorter and more rounded.

From Gallapagos Islands, collected by Mr. Cuming from sandy
mud, in eight to sixteen fathoms.

46. CANCELLARIA SCALARINA (pl. xcvi. f. 87, 88), Chemn.,
Conch. t. iv. f. 1172, 1173.

C. testa ovali-oblonga, turrita; costis distantibus, crassis, sub-
angulatis, crenulatis, ad angulum anfractuum in angulum dupli-
catum productis, interstitiis levibus; spira producta, anfractibus
angulatis, ad suturam excavatis: apertura subtriangulari prope
angulum posticum uniplicatd, imterné usque ad marginem costata,
margine levi; canali antico producto, vix excavato; columella
subrugosa, triplicata, umbilico sulcato; colore pallidissime fulvo,
fusco rubescente late bifasciato: variat albo.

Oblong oval, turreted ; with distant thick ribs which are cre-
nulated on the right side and produced at the angle of the whorls
into a double angle, the interstices are smooth, the spire is pro-
duced, the whorls angular and hollow at the sutures; the aperture
is partly triangular and grooved within; the umbilicus sulcated ;
the colour consists of two broad bands of reddish brown.

From the West Indies.

47. CANCELLARIA CRISPATA (pl. xevi. f. 89), Sowerby, Conch.
Tllustr. f. 20.

C. testa ovali, turriti; costis subreflexis, crenulatis, ad angulum
anfractuum in angulum triplicatum productis ; interstitis leviter
striatis; spird breviusculé; anfractibus angulatis, ad suturam
subexcavatis; apertura ovali, posticé angulaté, prope angulum
uniplicatd, interné costata; margine crenato; canali antico exca-
vato; columella rugosa triplicataé ; umbilico sulcato ; colore fusco
nigricante, ad angulum et in medium anfractuum albo fasciato.

453

In this species the spire is shorter than in C. sca/arina, the
ribs are more numerous, they are slightly reflected, and at the
angle of the whorl produced into three pomts. The colour con-
sists of two dark brown bands, which are as distinct in the
aperture as on the whorls.

Collected by Mr. Cuming at the Isle of Negroes, Philippines,

in fine sand, five fathoms water.

48, CANCELLARIA CRENIFERA (pl. xcvi. f. 84, 85, 86),
Sowerby, Conch. Ilustr. f. 29.

C. testa obliqué ovali, turrita; costis obliquis, distantibus, cre-
nulatis, ad angulum anfractuum in angulum reflexum acutum
productis ; interstitiis obsolete striatis ; spira producta, acuminata,
anfractibus angulatis, ad suturam excavatis ; apertura oblique sub-
triangulari, propé angulum posticum uniplicata, interné costata, ad
marginem denticulata, canali antico producto ; columella levi, tri-
plicaté ; umbilico levi, subtumido ; colore fusco, vel fulvo teniato.

Shorter and more oblique than C. sca/arina, the ribs reflected
at the angle of the whorls, and produced into a sharp point.
The colour is either entirely brown or banded with brown, and
ornamented by small lines across the ribs.

Collected at Manilla bay by Mr. Cuming, in sandy mud, at
five fathoms.

49. CANCELLARIA LAMELLOSA (pl. xciv. f. 47. enlarged,
pl. xevi. f. 106. nat. size), Hinds, Voy. Sulphur, Mollusca, p. 43.

C. “testa ovata, acuminati, pallidi, contabulaté; anfractibus
sex, ventricosis, lamellis numerosis confertis crenatis in loco cos-
tarum instructis; apertura trigoni; labro incrassato, reflexo ;
columella plicis tribus parvis; umbilico magno ; canali subnullo.”

Of an obliquely oval form with laminated nbs in an oblique
direction, crossed by raised lines, which near the suture of the
whorls are elevated into a single point each. There is a band of
dark brown seen between the ribs near the angle of each whorl.
Fig. 47 is a representation twice the natural length of the spe-
cimens described by Mr. Hinds. Fig. 106 is a larger variety.

Indian Archipelago and Cape of Good Hope.

50. CaNcELLARIA OBLIQUATA (pl. xcvi. f. 82, 83), Lamarck,
Anim. sans vert. C. rosea, Bech.

C. testa obliqué ovali, ventricosd ; costis obliquis parvis, minute

crenulatis, numerosis, ad angulum anfractuum in angulum acutum

454.

productis, ultima propé marginem in varicem elevata: insterstitiis
obsolete striatis ; spira breviusculé turrrita ; anfractibus angulatis,
ad angulum coronatis, ad suturam excavatis; apertura obliqué
subtriangulari, propé angulum posticum uniplicata, interné cos-
tata, margine levi, canali antico brevi; umbilico sulcato; colore
griseo vel roseo, costis fusco fasciatim punctatis.

Shorter and more oblique than C. sca/arina with the ribs smaller
and produced at the angle into a single blunt point. The colour
is grey or pale rose, with small spots upon the ribs.

Collected by Mr. Cuming at Manilla bay in sandy mud, eight
fathoms water.

51. CaNncELLARIA ARTICULARIS (pl. xevi. f. 90, 91), Sowerby,
Conch. Illustr. f. 382.

C. testa ovali, subventricosd; costis numerosis, crenulatis, ad
angulum anfractuum im angulum obtusum productis, ultima prope
marginem in varicem elevat&i; interstitiis obsoleté striatis ; spird
turrité, producti; anfractibus angulatis, ad suturam excavatis ;
apertura posticé canaliferé et uniplicata, interné levi, propé mar-
ginem sulcata, margine levi; canali antico brevi; umbilico sul-
cato ; colore roseo, costis fusco punctatis.

Like C. obliquata, but less oblique, with the spire much more
produced and the ribs much more rounded. Of a rose colour,
with brown spots on the ribs.

Collected at Ceylon by Dr. Sibbald.

52. CaNncELLaRta ELATA (pl. xevi. f. 94, 95), Hinds, Voyage
of the Sulphur, Mollusca, p. 42. pl. xu. f. 8, 4.

“C, testa ovata’ elongata, acuminata, anfractibus septenis, costa-
tis, superné angulatis, lineis elevatis decussatis ; sutura profanda ;
aperiurd ovali; peritremate superné disjuncto; labro intus sul-
cato; columella triplicaté; plicd inferiore maxim&; umbilico
parvo, sub-occulto ; canali inflexo.”

Found at Panama, in thirty fathoms water.

53. CANCELLARIA FUNICULATA (pl. xcvi. f. 96, 97), Hinds,
Voy. Sul. p. 43. pl. xu. f. 5, 6.

“©, testa ovali, elongaté; anfractibus senis, costatis, superné
subangulatis ; costis subdistantibus, elevatis, rotundatis, nodulosis,
lineis elevatis decussatis; sutura profundd; labro intus sulcato ;
columella plicis tribus parvis; umbilico marginato: canali sub-
nullo.”

455

From the Gulf of Magdalena, California. Seven fathoms,
sandy mud.

54. CANCELLARIA TEXTILIs (pl. xcui. f. 34), Avener, Sp. Coq.
viv. Gen. Cancellaria. p. 10. pl. vu. f. 1.

C. testa turrita, obliqué ovali, costis tuberculatis subdistan-
tibus; spiri producté; anfractibus angulatis, ad suturam exca-
vatis: apertura posticé canaliferd et. uniplicaté, interné costata ;
columella triplicati; umbilico parvo: colore fusco, tuberculis
costarum albis.

More oblique and with fewer ribs than C. sca/ata. The colour
is dark brown, with the tubercles of the ribs white.

From the Molluccas.

55. CANCELLARIA scaLaTa (pl. xciii. f. 26), Sowerby, Conch.
Illustr. f. 27.

C. testa turrité; costis numerosis, noduliferis ; spiré producta ;
anfractibus angulatis, ad suturam excavatis; aperturd posticc
canaliferé et uniplicatdé, interné costaté; columella triplicata ;
umbilico parvo; colore fulvo, apertura alba.

The ribs are more distinctly tuberculated than in C. articularis,
and the umbilicus is much smaller. The colour is pale fawn,
varying to pink in the upper whorls.

Collected by Dr. Sibbald on the sands at Ceylon.

56. CanceLiaria contaButara (pl. xciii. f. 19, 23), Sowerby,
Conch. Mlustr. f. 28. C. pusilla, Sowerby, Conch. Ilustr. f. 34.
inclusa.

C. testé turrité ventricosd, costis numerosis, noduliferis, spira
breviusculd, anfractibus contabulatis; apertura magna, postice
angulata, interné costaté; umbilico mediocri columella triplicata;
colore pallide straminea, apertura alba.

Like C. textis and C. scalata in general characters, but the
upper part of the whorls presenting a broad, flat surface. Of a
pale straw colour, with the aperture white and undefined, orange
spots on the angle of the whorls. C. pusidla, figured im Conch.
Illustr., is but a young specimen of this.

Collected by Dr. Sibbald on the sands at Ceylon.

57. CANCELLARIA rovEoLaTa (pl. xc. f, 30, 31), Sowerby,
Junr., Pro. Zool. Soc. 1848.

C. testa oblongo-ovali, turrita, levigaté; obsolete costata ;

456

spird producté ; anfractibus angulatis, ad suturam excavatis, ad
angulum sub-coronatis: apertura triangulari, levi ; columella
triplicaté ; umbilico mediocri ; colore fusco, vel fulvo teniato.
From the sands at Algoa bay. Turreted, smooth, with distant and
very obsolete ribs, the whorls of the spire are very deeply exca-
vated near the suture. Of the two specimens collected by

Mr. Cuming, one is entirely brown, and the other is beautifully
lineated.

58. CANCELLARIA costTiFERA (pl. xcv. f. 65, 66, 71),
Sowerby, Conch. Illustr. f. 31.

C. testa turrita, oblongo-ovali ; costis distantibus, subcrenulatis,
validis, ad angulum anfractuum elevatis: spirad acuminata, anfrac-.
tibus acute angulatis; apertura interné obsoleté costata ; posticé
sub-angulatd, colore pallidé fulvo, vel interstitiis roseo, vel fusco.

Taken in nine fathoms water, coarse sand, at the Island of
Burea; by Mr. Cuming. The specimens figured in the Conch.
Illustr., were worn, dead shells.

59. CaNCELLARIA BICOLOR (pl. xciv. f. 49, 50; pl. xev.
f. 69), Hinds, Voy. Sulph. Mollusca. p. 43. pl. 12. f. 18. 14.

C. testa ventricosa, turrité ; spira brevi; anfractibus contabu-
latis; costis distantibus, crassis, crenulatis ; interstitiis levibus
apertura subtriangulari, posticé uniplicata, interne costaté crassa ;
canali producto, umbilico triangulari ad marginem magno levi ;
colore pallidissimé fulvo, fusco laté fasciato; variat roseo.

A ventricose, angular species, with a flat area on the upper part
of each whorl, a large umbilicus and triangular aperture. Nearly
white, with a broad brown band in the centre; which, in one
variety, is spread nearly all over the whorl. Another variety
is of a pink colour.

From Catbalonga and the Island of Samoa.

60. Canceitaria costata (pl. xcv. f. 60, 61. pl. xevi.
f. 103), Gray ? Conch. Ilustr. f. 42. C. rigida, Sowerby, Zool.
Pro. p. 53, inclusa.

C. test& ventricosa, turrita rugosa spira brevi, anfractibus con-
tabulatis ; costis distantibus, crassis, rugosis; ad suturam lami-
natis ; apertur’ subtriangulari, posticé uniplicato, interné costata,
margine crassi; canali producto ; e umbilico magno, sulcato ;
colore aurantio, vel fusco nigrescente.
This species resembles C. bic olor, but is rugose in every part. The

457

colour of one variety is orange, that of the other is nearly black.
I do not think C. rigida of Sowerby is distinct.
From the sands in the river Gambia.

61. CancELLaRIA BuLLATA (pl. xciv. f. 56), Sowerby, Pro.
Zool. Soc. 1832, p. 51.

C. testa ventricosd, rugosi ; anfractibus angulatis, ad angulum
tuberculatis, ad suturam excavatis; umbilico magno ; apertura
magna, levi; columella biplicaté, colore cinereo, apertura alba.

The most ventricose of all the species, of a cimereous brown
colour, tuberculated at the edge of the whorls.

Found in the gulf of Nocoya.

62. CANCELLARIA TUBERCULATA (pl. xciv. f. 52), Sowerby,
Pro. Zool. Soc. 1832. p. 51.

C. testa ventricosi, rugosi ; anfractibus angulatis, ad angulum
et in seriebus tribus validé tuberculatis, ad suturam excavatis ;
apertura magna levi, ad marginem undulata, columella biplicata ;
umbilico magno, striato ; colore nullo.

It is hike C. Bullata, but is rugose and strongly tuberculated.
Tt is a white shell.

From Iquiqui, in sandy mud, six to twelve fathoms water.

63. CANCELLARIA BREVIS (pl. xcili. f. 21), Sowerby, Pro.
Zool. Soc. 1832. p. 52.

C. test ventricos’, rugosi, anfractibus angulatis, ad suturam
excavatis ; costis crassis, tuberculatis, umbilico magno, crenulato,
apertura triangulari; columelli biplicaté; colore griseo, fusco
maculato.

From Puerto Portrero, and St. Elena. Collected by Mr. Cuming,
in sandy mud, six to twelve fathoms water.

64. CANCELLARIA GONIOSTOMA (pl. xciv. f. 40.), Sowerby,
Pro. Zool. Soc. 1832. p. 51.

C. testa trigond, levi, anfractibus contabulatis ; costis crassis,
raris, tuberculatis, praecipué ad angulum anfractuum ; umbilico
maximo; apertura triangulari, margine crenato; columella bipli-
caté: colore anticé pallidé fulvo, posticé castaneo, costis et peri-
tremate fusco punctatis.

At Conchagua, in sandy mud, eight fathoms, by Mr. Cuming.

65. CANCELLARIA TRIGONOsTOMA (pl. xciv. f. 45, 46),
Sowerby, Conch. Ilustr. f. 44.

455

C. testa turnité; anfractibus trigonis, ad basin angustatis, ad
angulum coronatis, in medio sulcato ; umbilico maximo, margine
crenulato; aperturé trigond, columella triplicaté ; colore pallideé
violaceo.

From Ceylon, widely different from all other species.

66. CANCELLARIA sEMIDISJUNCTA (pl. xev. f. 62, 68),
Sowerby, Junr. Pro. Zool Soc. 1848.

C. test& ovali ventricosa, turrita, spiraliter sulcaté; anfractibus
angulatis, ad suturam profundé disjunctis, ultima disjuncta :
umbilico maximo, costato ; apertura triangulari ; columella tripli-
cata, colore fulvo, fusco longitudinaliter fasciato.

Cagayan, island of Mindinao, in twenty-five fathoms, sandy
mud, by Mr. Cuming.

67. CaNcELLARIA anTIQuATA (pl. xcil. f. 27), Hinds, Zoo-
logy of the Sulphur, p. 48. pl. xn. f. 17, 18.

Testa ovata, acuminata, contabulata, albidé ; anfractibus sep-
tenis, planulatis, costatis, transversim striatis ; costis acutis,
superné spinis cavis desinentibus ; apertura trigona ; labro reflexo ;
columella plicis tribus minimis ; umbilico maximo.

A most elegant little species with a trigonal aperture, large
umbilicus, and the whorls separated from each other by a series
of pits.

From the shores of New Guinea; taken in coarse sand,
twenty-two fathoms.

68. CANCELLARIA acumINaTA (pl. xcil. f. 1), Sowerby, Pro.
Zool. Soc. 1832. p. 58.

C. test& ovali, levi, spiraliter obsoleté striata; spira sub-elon-
gata, acuminaté ; anfractibus rotundato-angulatis ; apertura interné
plicata, columella triplicata, posteriori magna: labio externo ad
canalem emarginato. Colore fasciatim fulvo ; apertura alba.

This shell, dredged by Mr. Cuming in sandy mud, at a depth
of twelve fathoms at Guacomayo in Central America, is like
C. reticulata in general form and character, but the ribs and sides
are obsolete, and the spire is much longer in proportion to the
aperture.

459

CANCELLARIA.

LIST OF FIGURES IN PLATES XCII. TO XCV1.
(The Figure after each name 1s the number of the Species.)

Fig.

27.

28
29
30, 31
32
33

C. acuminata, Sp. 68.
. — ovata, 7.

. — decussata, 24.

. —- solida, 5.

. —— Littorineformis, 38.

. —— indentata, 18,
. — candida, 10.

. —— Littorineformis, 38.

. — Buccinoides, 17.
. — undulata, 15.

. — Clavatula, 20.

. —gemmulata, 23.
. — Cassidiformis, 1.
. —levigata, 32.

. — reticulata, 9.

. —excavata, 35.

. —contabulata, 56.
. — Cumingiana, 4.
. —~ brevis, 63.

. — spirata, 34.

. — contabulata, 56.
. — Mitreeformis, 19.
. — oblonga, 28.

. —scalata, 55.

— antiquata, 67.

. — Verrauxii, 32.

. — Spengleriana, 2.
. — foveolata, 57.

. — tessellata, 29.

. — piscatorum, 22.

Fig.
34. C. textilis, Sp. 54.
35. — Mitreformis, 19.
36. — elegans, 25.
37. — obesa, 8.
38. — Asperella, 26.
39. —— chrysostoma, 43.
40. — goniostoma, 64.
41. — pulchra, 42.
42. —similis, 41.
43. — albida, 12.

44, — rugosa, 44.
45,46. — trigonostoma, 80.
47. —lamellosa, 49.
48, —urceolata, 13.

49, 50. — bicolor, 59.
51. — cancellata, 40.
52, — tuberculata, 62.
53 to 55. — hemastoma, 45.
56. — bullata, 61.
57. — nodulifera, 3.
58, 59. — granosa, 15.
60, 61. — costata, 60.
62, 63. — semidisjuncta, 66.
64. — Bulbulus, 6.
65, 66. — costifera, 58.
67. — Clavatula, 20.
68, 70. — Purpuriformis, 30.
69. — bicolor, 59.
71. — costifera, 58.
72, 73. — Australis, 11.

Fig.
74. C. Asperella, Sp. 26.
75, 76. teeniata, 21.
77. —ventricosa, 14.
78. — Melanostoma, 27.
79. — undulata, 16.
80. — indentata, 18.
81. — levigata, 32.
82, 83. — obliquata, 50.
84 to 86. —crenifera, 48.
87, 88. —scalarina, 46.

89.

— crispata, 47.

Na

460

90, 91. C. articularis, Sp. 51.

92, 93. — corrugata, 31.

94,95. —elata, 52.

96, 97. —funiculata, 53.

98, 99,
100, 101.
102. — viridula, 37.

103.
104.
105.
106.

not a Cancellaria.
— Couthoyi, 36.

— costata var. rigida, 60.
— elegans, 25.

— lactea, 33.

— lamellosa, 49.

ALPHABETICAL INDEX.

acuminata, Sp. 68. f. 1.
albida, 12. f. 43.
antiquata, 67. f. 27.
articularis, 51. f. 90, 91.
asperella, 26. f. 38, 74.
Australis, 11. f. 72, 73.
bicolor, 59. f. 49, 50, 69.
brevis, 63. f. 21.

Buccinoides, 17. f. 10, 11.

bulbulus, 6. f. 64.
bullata, 61. f. 56.
cancellata, 40, f. 51.
candida, 10. f. 8.
Cassidiformis, 1. f. 15.
chrysostoma, 43, f. 39.
clavatula, 20. f. 18, 67.
contabulata, 56. f. 19, 23.
corrugata, 31. f. 92, 93.

costata, 60. f. 60, 61, 103.
costifera, 58. f. 65, 66, 71.

Couthoyi, 36. f. 100, 101.

cremata, see indentata, 18. f. 80.

crenifera, 48. f. 84 to 86.

crispata, Sp. 47. f. 89.
Cumingiana, 4. f. 20,
decussata, 24. f. 3.

elata, 52. f. 94, 95.

elegans, 25. f. 36, 104.
excavata, 35. f. 18.

foveolata, 57. f. 30, 81.
funiculata, 53. f. 96, 97.
gemmulata, 23. f. 14.
goniostoma, 64. f. 40.
granosa, 15. f. 58, 59.
heemastoma, 45. f.53 to 55.
indentata, 18, f. 7, 80.
imperialis, see nodulifera, 3. f. 57.
lactea, 33. f. 105.

lamellosa, 49. f. 47, 106.
laevigata, 32. f. 16, 81.
Littorineformis, 38. f. 5, 6, 9.
melanostoma, 27. f. 78.
Mitreeformis, 19. f. 24, 35.
nodulifera, 8. f. 57.

nodulosa, see piscatorum, 22. f. 33.
obesa, 8. f. 37.

obliquata, Sp. 50. f. 82, 83.
oblonga, 28. f. 25.

ovata, 7. f. 2.

piscatorum, 22. f. 33.
pulchra, 42. f. 41.
Purpuriformis, 30. f. 68, 70.
pusilla, contabulata, 56. f. 19.
reticulata, 9. f. 17.

rigida, see costata, 60. f. 103.
rosea, see obliquata, 50. f. 82, 83.
rugosa, 44, f. 44,

scalarina, 46. f. 87, 88.
scalata, 55. f. 26.
semidisjuncta, 66. f. 62, 63.
sunilis, 41. f. 42.

461

solida, Sp. 5. f. 4.

Spengleriana, 2. f. 29.

spirata, 34. f. 22.

teeniata, 21. f. 75, 76.

tessellata, 29. f. 32.

textilis, 54. f. 34.

trigonostoma, 80. f. 45, 46,
Tritonis, see Spengleriana, 2. f. 29.
tuberculata, 62. f. 52.

undulata, 16. f. 12, 79.
uniplicata, see Mitreeformis, 19, f. 35.
urceolata, 13. f. 48.

ventricosa, 14. f. 77.

Verrauxii, 39. f. 28.

viridula, 37. f. 102.

463

MONOGRAPH OF THE GENUS

NAUTILUS.

Char. Gen. Molluscum cephalopodum. Testa univalvis, libera,
suborbicularis, convoluta, concamerata; anfractibus contiguis ;
septis transversis, extis concavis, siphunculo perforato, margi-
nibus integris : apertura amplissima.

By the common consent of the more modern naturalists, this
genus retains the name of Navritus, although it is not very
nearly related to the Nautilus of Pliny, which is called Argonauta
by the moderns, to which the commonly received and elegantly
embodied fiction

‘Learn of the little Nautilus to sail”

of right belongs, and has no reference whatever to the present
genus.

Few are the recent species of Nautilus as yet known, five being
the utmost, of which one may be only a sexual variation of the
common N. Pompilius, and oue other has only very lately been
discovered. Of fossil species there are many, belonging to most
of the geological series, from the carboniferous limestone upwards.
We believe that all the fossil species are distinct from the recent,
more particularly we are convinced that this is the case with the
species found at Dax, whose siphon is so very remarkably dispro-
portionate.*

1. Navrizus Pompruius (pl. xevi. f.1., and pl. xevui. f. 6),
LTninn.

Testa suborbicularis, subdepressa, pallescens, postice ferrugineo
radiatim multistrigata, strigis ad centrum continuis, supra dorsum
numerosioribus, contiguis ; apertura oblongo-cordaté, angustiori ;
umbilico clauso.

This, which is by far the commonest species, is somewhat

* Tn this opinion we are supported by M. Basterot, who has pointed out the dis-
tinguishing characters, and names the fossil, W. Atwrz.

464:

orbicular in its general form, but not spheroidal, being con-
siderably depressed ; it is generally of a pale colour, and nearly
wlite, though sometimes covered with a rusty epidermis; the
posterior part is covered with radiating, irregular, reddish-brown
stripes ; which continue to the centre, and are more numerous
and close-set on the dorsal part ; in front it is destitute of stripes.
The aperture is of an oblong heart-shape, and rather narrow, and
the umbilicus is completely covered.

2. Nautitus ambieuus (pl. xevil. f. 2), nobis.

Testa suborbicularis, subventricosa, pallescens, posticé ferru-
gineo radiatim multistrigata, strigis ad centrum discontinuis,
supra dorsum paucioribus, subcontiguis; apertur&é oblongo-cor-
data, laté ; umbilico clauso.

This may possibly be only a variety of the foregoing ; there
are, however, several differences which appear to be constant. It
is nearly the same in general form, but not so much depressed,
its aperture is oblong-cordate, but wider than that of V. Pompilius :
it is usually nearly white, with reddish-brown radiating stripes,
which are rather close-set on the dorsal part, but do not continue
to the centre ; the umbilicus is entirely covered.

3. Navurinus umsizicatus (pl. xevui. f. 7), Lzster, (not
Linn.) N. scrobiculatus, Solr. MS. Dillwyn. Descr. Catal. p. 38.

Testa suborbicularis, subdepressa, utrinque laté umbilicata,
marginibus umbilicorum rotundato-angulatis; lateribus subru-
gosis; pallescens, posticé radiatim ferrugineo strigata, strigis ad
dorsum contiguis, versus centrum discontinuis, umbilico ferru-
gineo, radiatim substrigato.

This species is entitled to the name of wmdbilicatus, because that
name was given to it by Lister, and Linné’s wmbilicatus is not a
Nautilus, but one of the minute Foraminifera. We have, there-
fore, dropped Solander’s manuscript name, afterwards published
by Dillwyn, of serobcculatus. ‘This is one of three umbilicated
species in which the outer edge of the umbilicus forms a rounded
angle; the umbilicus is also larger than in the other species. The
streaks of colour, which are close-set on the dorsum, do not con-
tinue on the sides towards the umbilicus.

4, NAUTILUS MACROMPHALUS (pl. xcvi. f. 4, 5), xobis.

Testa suborbicularis, subventricosa, utrinque umbilicata, mar-
ginibus umbilicorum rotundatis; pallescens, posticé radiatim fer-

465

rugineo strigata, strigis ad umbilicum continuis ; margine interno
umbilico albicante, externo ferruginea.

In form this species most nearly resembles WV. ambiguus, though
in its colouring it is like V. Pompilius. Its large umbilicus, with
a rounded margin, at once distinguishes it from both.

5. Navritus steNompHa.us (pl. xevii. f. 3), wodis.

Testa suborbicularis, subventricosa, utrinque umbilicata, um-
bilico angusto, margine umbilici subinterno leviter angulato ;
pallescens, posticé radiatim ferrugineo strigata, strigis ad dorsum
contiguis, ad centrum discontinuis ; apertura rotundato-cordata.

Nearly similar in shape to WV. macromphalus, but distinguished
by the smallness of its umbilicus, the subinternal margin of which
is slightly angular: in colouring it is like V. ambiguus.

NAUTILUS.

EXPLANATION OF PLATES XCVII. AND XCVIIL.

Fig.
1. N. pompilius, sp. 1.
2... ambiguus, 2.

3. .. stenomphalus, 5.
4,5. .. macromphalus, 4.
6. .. pompilius, 1.

7. «e umbilicatus, 3.

i
FeO vary

Cnt

ne

h ne if
River

467

MONOGRAPH OF THE GENUS

OVULUM.

Char. Gen. Molluscum Tracheliopodum marinum. ‘Testa con-
voluta, ovalis vel fusiformis, spird czlat&; apertura bicanalifera,
columella levi. Operculum nullum.

The spire is enclosed by the last whorl. The aperture has a
canal at each end. The columella is smooth. The mantle of the
animal covers a considerable portion of the shell.

Ovutum Ovom (pl. xcix. f.1, 2,3), Bulla Ovum, Awctorwm.
Ovula oviformis, Zam. Anim. s. vert. vii. p. 366.

O. testa ovali, polité, alba; canalibus brevibus, ad extremitates
emarginatis: apertura anticé sub-aperta, sanguinea ; labio externo
ints crenulato, anticé breviusculo, labio interno posticé tumido,
anticé subtortuoso, emarginato, ad canalem posticum angustato
sub-spirali, ad canalem anticum crasso rectiusculo.

Oval, polished, white, with short ends; the aperture widened
at the lower part, inside of a brownish red colour ; outer lip cre-
nulated within, shortened at the lower end; inner lip with a
rounded elevation on the upper part of the body, whorl, at the
posterior canal narrowed, and then sub-spiral; at the anterior
canal thickened and rather straight.

Found in the Indian Ocean, and in the Society and Philippine
Islands.

2. OvuLtum aneuLosum (pl. xcix. f. 4.5), Lam. Anim. s.
vert. vil. p. 367. O. costellata, Zam. Ann. du Mus. xvi. p. 110.
Bulla imperialis, Dillwyn.

QO. testa ventricos’, subangulaté, levi, alb ; dorso tumido,
anguloso ; obscure costellato ; canalibus brevibus, anticé ad extre-
mitatem emarginata ; apertura angusta, ints violaced; labio ex-

468

terno crasso, intiis crenulato; anticé sub-angustato; ad canalem
posticum recedente, ad canalem anticum rectiusculo.

Oval in general form, angular at the back, and otherwise dif-
fering from O. ovum, in the retrocession of the inner lip at the
posterior canal, and in the delicate violet colour of the mouth.

From the Friendly Islands, Humph. Tanzebar, Cuming.

3. OvuLum concinnum (pl. ci. f. 86, 87), Sowerby, junr.
Moll. Voy. Samarang.

O. testa parva, ventricosa, angulata, alba vel rose’, minutissimé
striata; dorso tumido, anguloso; canalibus brevibus obtusis, in-
tegris; aperturd angusti; labio externo intus denticulato, in
medio anguloso, labio interno posticé tumorem angulosum cre-
nulatum ferente, interné longitudinaliter sulcato, anticé angustato,
ad canalem posticum recedente, ad canalem anticum prominente,
angustato, sub-uniplicato.

A miniature resemblance of O. angulosum, more angular, minutely
striated, with a groove along the inner lip, and an elevated, an-
gular tumidity on the body whorl near the angle. It is white, or
pale rose.

From the Island of Capul, Philippines, by Mr. Cuming; and
off Loo-Choo, by Sir E. Belcher, in the Samarang.

4. Ovutum tacteum ( pl. ci. f. 67 to 69), Lamarck, Anim.
s. vert. vil. p. 368.

O. testa ovata, levi, albi; dorso ventricoso, sub-angulato, ob-
scuré costellato; canalibus brevissimis, obtusis, vix emarginatis,
apertura angusté ; labio externo complanato, intis dentato ; labio
interno intis longitudinaliter concavo, posticé ad canalem angu-
loso, anticé prope canalem angustato, ad canalem sub-uniplicato.

Resembling O. verrucoswm in general form, but has not the cir-
cular “ worts” which distinguish that species.

From the Pacific Ocean, Spec. Conch. From Masbaté, Zanze-
bar, Capul, and Philippines, Cuming.

5. Ovuntum verrucosvM (pl. ci. f. 78, 79), Lamarck. Anim.
s. vert. vi. 367.

O. testa ventricosa ovali-subangulata, levi, alba ; dorso tumido,
leviter striato, in medio angulato, anticé et posticé prope extremi-
tates verruca circulari instructa; canalibus brevissimis, ad extre-
mitates validé emarginatis, roseis; labio externo in medio lato,
angulato intis dentato, ad extremitates sub-productis; labio in-
terno breviusculo, sub-complanato intus compresso, anticé an-
gustato.

469

Oval in general form, angular at the back, with a circular small
swelling at each extremity, encircled by a cicatrix.
Found in the Indian Ocean, and Islands Guimaras, Philippines.

6. OvuLum BREVE ( pl. ci. f. 70, 71), Sowerby, Sp. Conch.
No. 1. p. 5.

O. testa ovali, alba, levi, canalibus brevibus, integris, apertura
angusta, labio externo intis crenulato, labio interno margine ele-
vato, posticé tumido, anticé ad canalem uniplicato.

Resembling O. dactewm in general form, but with the margin
of the inner lip raised into a flexuous keel along the front of the
shell.

Locality unknown.

7. OvuLum marearita (pl. ci. f. 93, 94). “ Liceum marga-
rita,’ Humph. ined.

O. testa sub-globos4, subpyriformi, alb&; dorso obscuré sub-
costellaté, canalibus brevibus, integris; aperturé angusti, labio
exter crasso levi, intus crenulato; posticé labium imternum su-
perante, in medio lato; labio interno levi, posticé tumorem cras-
sum subrotundatum ferente, ad canalem recedente, anticé tumido
ad canalem uniplicato, inttis excavato.

A smooth, rather globose white shell, with a rather thick tumi-
dity on the body whorl.

From Puerto Galero and Ticao, Philippines, Cuming. Friendly
Islands, Humphry.

8. OvuLum BuLLA (pl. ci. f. 82, 83.) Sowerby, junr. Moll.
Voy. Samarang, p. 21. pl. vi. f. 5. a, d.

O. testA ventricos’, subcylindraced, levi, anticé sub-acumi-
nata; canalibus brevissimis integris; labio externo in medio
sub-rotundo, intus crenulato; labio interno posticé tumorem
parvum ferente, ad canalem angustato, uniplicato, intus paululum
excavato.

Differing from O. margarita and O. punctatum in form, being
more cylindrical and very narrow at the anterior extremity.
Brought in the Samarang, from the China Seas.

9. OvuLUM UMBILICATUM (pl ci. f. 88, 89), Sowerby, junr.,
Pro. Zool. Soc., 1848.

O. testé globos& sub-pyriformi, alba, roseo pallidé tincto, dorso

470

ad extremitates rubro lineato, ad terminum posticum umbilicato ;
apertura sub-aperté; labio externo angustato, ints crenulato,
posticé labium internum superante ; labio interno posticé tumo-
rem elevatum denticulatum ferente, ad canalem lineari, anticé bi-
costellato, ad canalem uniplicato.

Agreeing with O. margarita in general appearance, but the
outer lip is thinner, the mouth wider, the upper callosity elevated
and denticulated, and there is a small umbilicus behind the pos-
terior termination of the outer lip.

From Ticao, Philippines ; Cuming.

10. Ovutum marernatum (pl. xcix. f. 9, 10), Sowerby, Sp.
Conch. No. 1. p. 5.

O. testa ventricos’, sub-pyriformi, alba, lined aurantié ad mar-
ginem cincta, dorso costellato, extremitatibus obtusis ; apertura
in medio sub-contracta, labio externo intis crenulato, in medio
prominente ; labio externo levi, tts excavato, posticé tumorem
obliquum, crenulatum ferente, ad canalem emarginato, anticé
tumido, ad canalem uniplicato.

Of an oval ventricose form, slightly narrowed at the lower end,
the outer lip prominent in the centre, the enamel of the inner lip
and the dorsal edge of the margin defined by a strong orange line
of colour.

Locality unknown.

11. Ovutum pyriroRite (pl. ci. f. 72, 73), Sowerby, Sp.
Conch. No. 1. p. 5.

O. testi ventricos’ pyriformi, striata, fulvo nubeculata ; canali-
bus sub-productis, antico subreflexo, emarginato ; aperturd anticé
sub-aperta ; labio externo lato, ints crenulato, ad canalem posti-
cum planulato ; labio interno expanso, inttis sub-excavato, posticé
angulosim tumido, ad angulum nullo, anticé tortuoso, tumido.

The most pyriform of all the species. The posterior part of
the outer lip is flattened at its juncture with the inner. Colour,
clouded, yellowish-brown.

From New South Wales.

12. Ovutum apriaticum (xcix. f. 13, 14), Sowerby, Sp.
Conch. No. 1. p. 4.

O. testa ovali, ventricosA sub-pyriformi, alba, pellucida, dorso

»% . . - . A
obscure sub-costellato; canalibus brevibus, integris; apertura
aperté; labio externo angusto, intis crenulato, labio interno levi,

471

posticé tumorem obliquum ferente, ad canalem tenwi, tortuoso,
- anticé sub-tortuoso intis sub-excavato, ad canalem acuminato.
Oval, or rather pear-shaped, ventricose, thin, white ; the aperture
not very narrow, the canals shghtly produced, tumidity of the
body whorl oblique.
From the Adriatic Sea.

13. Ovutum carNneum (pl. ci. f. 74 to 77), Lamarck, Anim.
s. vert. vil. p. 368.

O. testa ovali, ventricosd, rubro flavescente; dorso prope ex-
tremitates minutissimé striato; canalibus brevibus, integris ;
apertura angusti ; labio externo intts crenulato, ad extremitates
angustato ; labio mterno leevi, expanso, posticé tumido, ad canalem
angustato recedente, anticé angusto, intis excavato, ad canalem
peené uniplicato.

Resembling O. adriaticum, but more solid, rather more angular ;
of a beautiful red colour, softened into flesh-tint, slightly striated
near the extremities.

From the Mediterranean. The white variety was brought by

Mr. Cuming from Ticao, Philippines.

14. Ovutum nuBecutatum (pl. ci. f. 80, 81), Sowerby, junr.
Moll. Samarang, pl. vi. f. 12. a, 4, ¢.

O. test ventricosi, sub-pyriformi, pallide rubro vel fulvo nu-
beculato ; dorso obscure costellato ; canalibus brevibus, vix emar-
ginatis; apertwrd angusti, labio externo intus crenulato, prope
medium sub-complanato; labio interno tumorem elevatum cras-
sum ferente, ad canalem breve et recedente, anticé tumido, intis
excavato, ad canalem sub-uniplhiato.

More pyriform (that is, with the most ventricose part higher)
than O. carneum, the posterior canal is shorter, and the posterior
tumidity more elevated. ‘The colour consists of pale or strong
fulvous red, arranged in three cloudy bands.

Taken near the Island of Basilan. :

16. Ovutum puNctatuM (pl. ci. f. 90 to 92), Duclos. Guerin.
Mag. Zool. 1828.

O. testé ventricosi, sub-pyriformi, pallidé rose4 ; dorso punctis
vel maculis sex rubris ornato, ad marginem rubro pallidé lineato ;
apertura angustata, labio externo crasso, levi, intts crenulato,
posticé Jabium internum superante, sub-producto ; labio interno
levi, postice tumorem elevatum, sub-angulatum, crenulatuin

472

ferente, ad canalem recedente ; anticé angustato, ad canalem sub-
uniplicato, intts excavato.

This exquisite species resembles O. margaritum in form, but
the callosity on the body whorl is more angular and crenulated.
There are six spots arranged in two rows on the back, which, in
one variety, are spread into wavy patches of red.

Capt. Belcher brought specimens in the Samarang, from the
China seas ; and Mr. Cuming*collected others at Capul and Batan-
zas, Phihppines.

16. Ovutum srrtatuLum (pl. ci. f. 84, 85), Sowerby, Sp.
Conch. 1. p. 7.

O. testa parvd, oblong’, angulosi, minuté striata, alba, vel
rose ad extremitates rubra, dorso tumido, subangulato ; canalibus
sub-productis, paululim ad extremitates emarginatis; apertura
angustaé; labio externo sub-complanato, dentato; labio mterno
posticé tumorem triangularem prominentem crenulatum ferente,
iterné longitudinaliter sulcato, anticé tumido, angustato, ad can-
alem posticum recedente, ad canalem anticum sub-uniplicato.

Of an angular, oblong form, minutely striated at the back, the
extremities produced, and a triangular tumidity on the posterior
part of the body whorl, the teeth of the outer lip reach nearly to
the outer margin. The white shell was brought by the Samarang.
The small rose-coloured specimen with red tips, was brought by
Mr. Cuming, from Batanzas, Philippines ; and by Lieut. Belcher,
off Loo-Choo.

17. Ovutum BuLtatum (pl. ci. f. 95, 96), Sowerby, junr.,
Moll. Samarang, pl. vi. f. 13. a, 0.

O. testa ovali-oblongd, minuté striata, roseo tincta, ad extremi-
tates fusco lineat&; dorso ad marginem sulcato ; canalibus sub-pro-
ductis, integris; apertura angust4, labio externo intis crenato,
complanato; labio interno tumido, levi, intis depresso, sub-
suleato, posticé bullulam prominentem crenulatam ferente, ad
canalem sub-tortuoso, anticé sub-excavato, ad canalem uni-
plicato.

Of an oval form, striated at the back. The inner lip of the
posterior canal slightly tortuous, the outer lip flattened, slanting
inwards and crenulated, the body whorl in front near the posterior
angle having a raised, rounded, prominent pustule.

By the Samarang. Caramata Passage, near Sincapore. Ten
fathoms.

473

18. OvuLum porsvosum (pl. ci. f. 97, 98), Hinds, Moll.
Voy. Sulphur, p. 47. pl. xvi. £3, 4.

“O testa elongato-ovata, minutissimeé striati, utrinque sub-acu-
minatié; dorso supra medium rotundato, inferné attenuato, labro
anticé planulato, sulcato; columellé inferné sub-excavatd, intis
plicd longitudinali munita.”

In some degree resembling O. sériatudum, but the thick part is
higher and more rounded; the outer edge of the outer lip, and
the callosity and edge of the canal are crenulated.

Found at the straits of Malacca, in mud, at the depth of nine
fathoms.

19. OvuLum HorDaceum (pl. ci. f. 110 to 112), Lamarck,
Anim. s. vert. vil. p. 369.

O. testé oblonga, sub-cylindraced, striatd flavidd rubescente, vel
rubré supra medium angulati, ad angulum crenulatum, ad ex-
tremitates angustata ; labio externo posticé angulato, extis crenu-
lato, intis minuté denticulato, ad canales emarginato, labio interno
posticé tumido, crenulato, ad canalem acuminato, anticé intis
longitudinaliter uniplicato, ad canalem acuminato.

A rather cylindrical, striated shell, with a carinated angle above
the centre ; the outer lip is crenulated at the outer edge, as well
as on the flat, ner surface.

From the Hast Indian Archipelago.

20. OvuLum coarcratum (pl. ci. f. 108, 109), Sowerby,
junr., Moll. Voy. Samarang. pl. vi. f. 2. a, 6.

O. testa elongata, sub-cylindracea, fulva, striaté, supra medium
gibbosd, ad extremitates coarctatd, labio externo paululdm in-
crassato, leevi, anticé sub-angulato; labio imterno intis sub-de-
presso, ad extremitates acuminato.

This shell resembles O. hordacewm in some degree, but is not
angular, and has the outer lip smooth. It may, however, very
possibly be a young shell.

Brought in the Samarang from the Straits of Sunda, near Java.

21. OvuLum pentatum (pl. ci. f. 101, 102), Sowerby, junr.
Moll. Samarang. pl. vi. f. 4. a, 0.

O. testé parva, oblong’, sub-angulatdé, minuté striata; pallidé
rosed, fusco rubescente variegat&é; canalibus sub-productis, emar-
ginatis; apertura angustata; labio externo breviusculo, compla-

474

nato, ints et ad extremitates usque ad marginem dentato; labio
interno levi, intts longitudinaliter sulcato, posticé tumorem ele-
vatum crenulatum ferente, ad canalem recedente; anticé angus-
tato, tumido; ad canalem sub-uniplicato.

Not so angular as O. striatudwm, and with the teeth of the
outer lip forming denticulations at the outer margin. ‘The colour
is pale rose, strengthened at the margin and extremities, with two
longitudinal waved bands at the back.

Brought in the Samarang. Caramata Passage.

22. Ovutum Formosum (pl. ci. f. 99, 100), Sowerby, junr.,
Moll. Samarang, pl. vi. f. 6. a, 6.

O. testé elongaté, in medio sub-angulata, violaced, ad extremi-
tates fuscd, lineis puncturatis cincté; canalibus brevibus, validé
emarginatis ; apertura angusté; labio externo in medio sub-
angulato, denticulato, ad extremitates brevi, posticé ad marginem
externum dentato; labio interno levi, longitudinaliter sulcato,
posticé tumido, ad canalem angusto, rectiusculo, anticé ad canalem
rectiusculo.

Of an elongate angular form, and remarkably bright violet
colour with yellow tips; the spiral strize regular and beautifully
punctured, the extremities rather produced, the outer lip short at
the ends, and denticulated; the denticulations reaching the outer
margin at the posterior extremity.

Brought in the Samarang. ast coast of Borneo.

23. Ovutum Frumentum (pl. a. f. 108, 104), Sowerby,
Sp. Conch. No. tp. 77.

“©. test&é oblongi, dorso transversim gibboso, rubescente,
transversim albido-unifasciaté ; labio externo margine planulato
intts denticulato ; labio columellari superné calloso, infra depresso ;
extremitatibus sub-acuminatis obtusiusculis.”

The only specimen of this shell which I have seen is the one
in the British Museum; it is of a crimson colour, with a white
band in the centre of the back. It is not unlike O. Seminulum ;
but the ends are narrower, and the outer lip is denticulated.

Locality unknown.

24. OvuLum triticeum (pl. c. f. 20, 21), Lamarck, Anim.
s. vert. vil. p. 361.

O. testi longitudinaliter ovali, levi, rubra; canalibus brevius-
culis ; apertura aperta, labio externo intts crenulato, anticé sub-

475

emarginato ; labro interno posticé tumorem rotundatum, elevatum,
ferente, ad canalem sub-uniplicato, intus sub-excavato.

Of a rather oval form, smooth, crimson; the outer lip denticu-
lated ; the callosity on the upper part of the body whorl smooth,
oblique, rounded; the imner hp shghtly excavated near the
anterior.

Locality unknown.

25. OvuLuMm sEMINULUM (pl. c. f. 41, 42), Sowerby, Sp. Conch.
Now Lop. t.

O. testi ovali sub-clongaté, levi, purpurea vel rosed, obtusa ;
canalibus brevibus ; labio externo levi; labio interno tumido,
anticé paululim excavato.

A violet or rose-coloured small shell, of the cylindrical clays,
very slightly angular in the middle, very obtuse at each extremity :
the outer lip is smooth, and the callosity of the body whorl very
slightly raised.

From the Friendly Islands.

26. Ovutum ostusum (pl. c. f. 22 to 24), Sowerby, Sp.
Conch. No 1. p. 1.

O. test& solidd sub-angulata, utrinque obtusd pallidissima
cinerea, vel fulva levi, canalibus breviusculis, integris ; apertura
anticé sub-aperté ; labio externo crasso, levi; labio imterné,
tumido, posticé sub-spiraliter uniplicato, ad canalem sub-tortuo,
anticé emarginato, paululum depresso, ad canalem sub-tortuo.

A small smooth solid species, rather angular in the centre, and
obtuse at the extremities ; of a pale ash colour ; the aperture rather
widened near the anterior extremity ; the outer lip thick, smooth ;
the tumidity at the posterior part of the body whorl, shghtly
raised, sub-spiral ; the inner lip shghtly emarginated and depressed
near the anterior canal.

The coloured variety was brought in the Samarang from
the China sea.

27. Ovutum sEcaLE (pl. c. f. 25 to 27), Sowerby, Sp.
Conch. No. 1. p. 1.

O. test oblong’, ovali m medio obsoletissimé angulato, levi,
alba, vel fusci rubro marginata, vel pallidissimé violacea ; canali-
bus sub-productis, paulultm emargmatis ; labio externo crasso,
levi, anticé sub-angulato ; labiointerno (atate) tumido, posticé

276

sub-spiraliter uniplicato, ad canalem sub-producto, sub-tortuoso ;
anticé emarginato, paululim depresso, ad canalem angustato,
sub-tortuoso.

The varieties figured, although rather different in form and
appearance, bear the same general characters, and cannot be dis-
tinguished by any definite peculiarities from each other. We are
not acquainted with the locality of the more thickly enamelled red
and cream-coloured varieties which are in the collection of Mr.
Cuming, the others are among those brought in the Samarang
from the Hast Indian Archipelago. The four following species
are not easily or definitely distinguishable, still, a glance at the
figures will perhaps be thought to justify the attempted division,
which, after all, must be arbitrary.

28. OvuLum FormicaRium (pl. c. f. 47, 48), Sowerby, Sp.
Conch. No. 1. p. 8.

O. test’ Ovulo secali simillima sed angustiore, minore.

On the whole, thinner, more cylindrical, and smaller than
O. secale. The specimens figured were brought in the Samarang
from the Hast Indian Archipelago.

29. OvuLuM sIMILE (pl. c. f. 28, 29), Sowerby, juur., Pro.
Zool. Soc. 1842.

O. testa oblonga, ovali, spiraliter striata, fulva; canalibus sub-
productis, emarginatis ; labio externo crasso, levi, anticé sub-
arcuato, utrinque breviusculo; labio interno tumido, posticé spi-
raliter uniplicato, ad canalem sub-tortuo, acuminato, anticé subde-
presso, intus longitudinaliter unicarinato, ad canalem rectiusculo
acuminato.

Like O. secale, but spirally striated. Mr. Cuming’s collection,
locality unknown.

30. OvuLum acuminatum (pl. c. f. 49, 50), Sowerby, junr.,
Moll. Voy. Samarang, pl. vi. f. 1. a, 6.

QO. testa sub-ovali, in medio sub-ventricosd, ad extremitates
sub-rostrata, levi, alba, longitudinaliter fasciaté ; dorso margine
distincto; canalibus ad dorsum elevatis ; labio externo crasso, levi,
ad extremitates recedente, anticé sub-angulato, ad canalem emar-
ginato ; labio interno tumido, intus unicarinato, posticé spiraliter
uniplicato, ad canales rectiusculo. F

Differing from O. secale in being proportionately ventricose in

477

the middle, and having the extremities turned upwards at the
back. Brought in the Samarang, from the coast of Bilaton.

31. OvuLtum acicuLaRE (pl.c. f. 43 to 46), Lamarck, Anim.
s. vert. vi. p. 369.

O. testa elongata’, sub-cylindracea, pellucida, levi, flavida vel
purpurea, ad extremitates obtus’; labio externo paululim incras-
sato, anticé subangulato ; labio interno rectiusculo sub-planulato,
in carinam longitudinalem elevato, posticé leviter uniplicato,
anticé sub-emarginato, ad canalem sub-tortuo, producto.

This elongated species partakes more or less of the form of the
Gorgonia stems to which it adheres, the columella is generally
somewhat flattened, and the aperture obtuse at the extremity of
the canals. The colour is violet, dark, or reddish purple, or very
pale fawn, or yellow. The dark purple specimen belongs to Mr.
Cuming ; the beautiful yellow variety, to Mr. Hanley.

32. Ovutum suB-RostratuM (pl. c. f. 39, 40), Sowerby,
junr., Pro. Zool. Soc., 1848.

O. testa oblonga, levi, rubra-violascente, ad extremitates sub-pro-
ducté, acuminaté; dorso margine distincto; apertura angustatd,
anticé sub-angulataé; labio externo levi, ad extremitates rece-
dente ; labio interno tumido, inttis unicarinato, posticé spiraliter
uniplicato, ad canales rectiusculo, producto.

Like Secale, but with the extremities more produced, and
straight. Mr. Cuming’s collection, from Honduras Bay.

33. OvuLuM Lancroxatum (pl. c. f. 35, 36), Sowerby, junr.,
Pro. Zool. Soc., 1848.

O. testa elongata, angustatd, minutissimé striata, aurantid ru-
bescente seu albidi; canalibus sub-productis, emarginatis ; aper-
turd angustata, labio externo planulato, crasso, breviusculo, in
medio rectiusculo, anticé angulatim flexuoso ; labio interno tumido,
rubro longitudinaliter marginato, posticé ad canalem producto,
sub-tortuoso, anticé intis longitudinaliter sulcato, uniplicato, ad
canalem angusto, rectiusculo, acuminato.

A very remarkable shell, presenting the appearance of an O. aci-
culare much lengthened out ; the aperture is very narrow except-
ing towards the anterior, where the outer lip is bowed out. The
under surface of the shell is flat; the inner lip edged with a red
line. In Mr. Cuming’s collection, from Sorsogon, Island Luzon,
Philippmes. ‘The white variety (?) is from Malacca.

478

34. OvuLuM DEFLEXUM (pl. c. f. 37, 38), Sowerby, junr.,
Pro. Zool. Soc., 1848.

O. testi ovali-elongati, levigatié, albidi; extremitatibus de-
flexis ; apertura angustati ; labio externo crasso, lato, complanato,
anticé arcuato, breviusculo ; labio interno longitudinaliter tumido,
complanato, posticé uniplicato, anticé ad canalem acuminato.

Resembling O. aciculare, but with a broad, flattened, outer lip,
and the extremities turned downward.

From Ticao, Philippmes. Mr. Cuming.

35. Ovutum unipLicatum (pl. c. f. 30, 31, 32), Sowerby,
junr., Pro. Zool. Soc. 1848.

O. testi elongaté, sub-cylindricé, pellucidd, minutissimé striata,
aurantii, seu violaceé'; anticé sub-acuminata, posticé sub-rotun-
dati; dorso margine distincto, apertura sub-aperta, labio externo
‘paululiim incrassato, ad extremitates recedente, anticé sub-angu-
lato, ad canalem emarginato, labio interno intts sub-depresso,
posticé spiraliter uniphcato, ad canalem tortuo, versus labrum ex-
ternum deflecto, anticé sub-tortuo, acuminato.

The pale violet variety was dredged by Mr. Cuming, near
Charleston, 8. Carolina, a darker one, at Rio Janeiro, and the
locality of the others is unknown. ‘This species resembles O. aci-
culare, but is more acuminated at the anterior extremity, it is
rather more ventricose, finely striated, the spiral fold near the
anterior canal is more decided, and less oblique, and the edge of
the canal above it invariably leans towards the outer lip.

36. Ovutum arertum (pl. ci. f. 106, 107), Sowerby, junr.

O. testi levigaté elongato-ovali, fulvi-rufescente ; canalibus
breviusculis ; apertura aperti, labio externo tenui, anticé sub-
emarginata; labio interno posticé ad canalem sub-reflexo, anticé
sub-tortuoso tenui ; ints sub-depresso.

Of a form between that of O. treticewm, and that of secale; of
a dull reddish-brown colour. In the specimen which we have,
the lip is not thickened nor reflected, although it appears to be a
full-grown shell ; if it be so, it will form a companion to
O. Patulum.

We are indebted for the specimen to Mr. Hanley, who is unac-
quainted with its locality.

37. Ovutum Patutum (pl. ci. f. 105, 113). Bulla Patula,
auctorum. Simnia Patula, Leach.

479

O. testi laevigata, ovali, albida, canalibus breviusculis ; apertura
aperta ; labio externo tenui, haud inflexo; labio interno postice
ad canalem uniplicato, anticé umbilicato, margine depresso.

This British species, and the O. apertum, are the only ones in
which the outer lip is not thickened and inflected, and which
would compose the genus “ Simnia” of Leach.

38. OvuLum erBBosum (pl. xcix. f. 15 to 19), Lamarck,
Bulla gibbosa, awct.

O. testé oblonga, utrinque obtusa, levi, albidd seu aurantiaco-
fulva, dorso in medio angulatim gibboso; canalibus brevibus,
latis, antico sub-emarginato ; aperturé anticé aperta, labio externo
levi, crasso, in medio angulato, anticé sub-emarginato ; labio
interno levi, gibboso, intis sub-depresso.

Of an oblong form, with an angular ridge in the centre of the
back, and the extremities obtuse.

Collected at Panama by Mr. Cuming.

89. OvuLum remaRGinaTuM (pl. xcix. f. 11, 12), Sowerby,
Sp. Conch. No. 1. p. 7.

O. testa oblonga, utrinque obtusa, substriata, pallide fulva vel
violaced, dorso ad marginem roseo, in medio angulatim gibboso
canalibus brevibus, emarginatis ; apertura anticé aperti, labio
externo levi, crasso, in medio angulato, ad extremitates labium
internum longitudine superante ; labio interno levi, gibboso,
intis sub-depresso.

Like O. gibbosum, but with the canals emarginated, and the
inner lip longer than the outer at both ends.

Collected at St. Elena by Mr. Cuming.

OvuLUM INTERMEDIvM (pl. c. f. 61, 62), Sowerby, Sp. Conch.
No. 1. p. 9.

O. test oblonga, levi, in medio angulata, pallidé fulva, sub-
tus subaurantiaco ; canalibus sub-productis, emarginatis ; apertura
sub-aperté ; labio externo levi, ad extremitates brevi, recedente ;
labio mterno levi, gibbosi, posticé tumorem crenulatum ferente,
ad canalem producti, anticé ad canalem angustatd, producti;
intts sub-depressi.

Named O. intermedium, on account of its forming a passage from
O. gibbosum, and the species with produced extremities.

From Brazil.

480

41. OVULUM SUB-REFLEXUM (pl. c. f. 33, 34), Sowerby, junr.,
Moll. Samarang, pl. vi. f. 10. a, 0.

O. testa oblonga, albida, leevigati, sub-rostraté; dorso in medio
sub-angulato; extremitatibus sub-recurvis ; apertura angustata ;
canalibus sub-emarginatis; labio externo livi, rotundato, supra
medium sub-angulato, anticé sub-angulatim arcuato ; labio interno
posticé tumido, ad canalem producto, recedente, intts longitudi-
naliter depresso, anticé ad canalem producto.

An oblong, smooth, white shell, with the extremities rather
produced, blunt and turned upwards. The outer lip is smooth,
round, and flexuous.

Brought in the Samarang by Sir E. Belcher, from the coast of
Bilaton.

42. Ovutum spuura (pl. c. f. 63, 64), Lamarck. Anim. s.
vert. vi. p. 370.

O. testi sub-ovali, rostrata, striata, pallidé fulva rubescente ;
canalibus sub-contractis, sub-truncatis ; apertura aperta; labio
externo crasso, levi, rotundato, arcuato, anticé sub-angulato, ad
extremitates breviusculo; labio interno in medio sub-ventricoso,
levi, posticé uniplicato, ad canalem producto, tortuo, anticé interne
depressiusculo, ad canalem producto, rectiusculo.

The shortest and most ventricose of the rostrated species. The
outer lip is thick and arched, the inner lip has a transverse fold
at the base of the posterior canal.

From the Pacific ocean.

43. Ovutum BrRostrE (pl. c. f. 65, 66), Lamarck, Anim.
s. vert. vi. p. 370.

O. testa elongata fusiformi, rose, in medio albifasciata, vel
pallidé fulva, in medio laevigata, sub-ventricosi, ad extremitates
striata, recti-rostraté ; apertura anticé subaperti, labio externo
crasso, sub-flexuoso, posticé ad canalem attenuato, anticé angula-
tim arcuato ad canalem contracto; labio mterno in medio sub-
ventricoso, ad basin rostrarum sub-tumido, ad canales rectiusculo.

Smooth in the centre, which is shghtly ventricose, and striated
at the ends, which are narrow, and rather straight. At the ante-
rior part of the aperture, the outer lip, after widening at the
usual place, contracts rather suddenly, and recedes at the canal.

The pale variety was taken in sandy mud, and brought by Dr.
Sibbald from Japan. The beautiful red variety with the white
band in the middle is from Sincapore.

481

44, OvuLuM PHILIPPINARUM (pl. c. f. 57, 58), Sowerby,
junr., Pro. Zool. Soc. 1848.

O. testi elongata, gradatim rostrata, levigatd, fulvé; subtis
albida ; apertur’ angustaté ad canales truncati ; labio externo
levi, alba, rectiusculo, anticé angulatim contracto, labio interno
levi, intis anticé sub-emarginato.

The contraction towards the extremities 1s more gradual, and
the outer lip is straighter than in O. dzrostre, and the canals are
truncated at the extremities. The colour is pale fawn, darker in
the aperture, and nearly white at the lips.

Several specimens were brought by Mr. Cuming from the

Isl. of Capul, Philippines.

45. Ovutum ‘Gracie (pl. c. f. 51, 52, 53), Sowerby, junr.,
Moll. Samarang, pl. vi. f. a, 4, ¢.

O. testa elongata, fusiformi, minutissimé striata, ad extremitates
attenuata, recurvi; labio externo levi, sub-angulatim arcuato ;
labio interno levi, in medio sub-ventricoso, ad extremitates attenu-
ato, acuminato; colore pallidé fulvo, dorso prope marginem
longitudinaliter rubro-fasciato.

Fusiform, striated, more gradually ventricose in the centre, and
less attenuated at the canals than either O. dong ugirostratum or
O. recurvum. At the back, near the margin, is an irregular
longitudinal band of dull red, interrupted in the centre.

Brought from the east coast of Borneo in the Samarang.

46. OvuLum recurvom (pl. c. f. 54, 55,56), Sowerby, puns,
Moll. Samarang, pl. vi. f. 3 a, 4, ¢

O. testa elongatd,in medio ventricosd, sub-angulata; levigata, ad
extremitates attenuata, recurva ; apertura in medio lineari, anticé
aperté; labio externo crasso, antics angulatim arcuato, ad extre-
mitates truncato; labio interno in medio ventricoso, ad extremi-
tates attenuato, recurvo.

The canals are not so long and attenuated asin O. /ongi-
rostratum, the aperture, excepting at the anterior opening, is
linear, the outer lip is thick. The colour is of the palest fawn.

Brought in the Samarang from the China seas.

47. OvuLuM LonerrostRatuM (pl. c. f. 59, 60), Sowerby,
Sp. Conch. No. 1. p. 9.

482

O. test’ elongati, in medio ventricosi, sub-angulata, levi, ad
canales sub-recedente, anticé sub-angulaté, labio interno levi,
ad canales attenuato.

A beautiful shell, rather angular in the centre, with the canals
elongated, narrow, and gracefully curved backwards ; the colour
in the aperture is delicate pink, the rest of the shell a very pale
pinkish fawn.

It is from the Adriatic Sea.

48. Ovotum votva (pl. xcix. f. 6, 7, 8), Zam. Anim. s.
vert. vil. 370.

O. testi ovali, utrinque longirostrata, fulva, spiraliter striata ;
apertura aperté; labio externo crasso, obscuré crenulato, in medio
arcuato, ad extremitates breve, spiraliter recedente, labio interno
in medio ventricoso, ad canales recurvo, truncato.

This well-known species is ventricose in the middle, and with
elongated, recurved extremities. It is of a fawn colour, inclining
to pink at the margin.

The comparatively smooth variety figured is from the Island of
Mindinao, by Mr. Cuming. The other is from China.

UNIDENTIFIED SPECIES.

O. album, Dufo, Ann. Sci. Nat. 1840, p. 186.

O. nigerinum, Dufo, Ibid.

O. gallinaceum and O. corrugatum would be more properly
referred to the genus Hrato.

Fig.
1 to 3
4,5
6 to 8
9, 10
11, 12

13, 14.
15 to 19.

20, 21

22 to 24.

25 to 27
28, 29

30 to 32.

33, 34
35, 36
37, 38
39, 40

41, 42.

43 to 46
47,48
49, 50

51 to 53

54 to 56
57, 58
59, 60
61, 62

483

OVULUM.

PRR RAPP RAP RRA AAA AAAI AADAPAADADAAAA An

PLATES XOIX, C, CI.

. O. Ovum, Sp. 1.

. — angulosum, 2.

. — Volva, 48.

. — marginatum, 10.
. — emarginatum, 39.
— Adriaticum, 12.
— gibbosum, 38.

. — triticeum, 24,
— obtusum, 26.

. — secale, 27.

. — simile, 29.

— uniplicatum, 35.
. — sub-reflexum, 41.
. — lanceolatum, 33.
. — deflexum, 34.

. — sub-rostratum, 32.
— Seminulum, 25.
. — Aciculare, 31.

. — formicarium, 28.
. — acuminatum, 30.
. — gracile, 45.

. — recurvum, 46.

. — Philippinarum, 44.
. — longirostratum, 47.

. — intermedium, 40.

Fig.
63, 64. O. Spelta, 42.
65, 66. — birostre, 43.
67 to 69. — lacteum, 4.
70, 71. — breve, 6.
72, 73. — pyriforme, 11.
74 to 77. — carneum, 13.
78, 79. — verrucosum, 5.
80, 81. — nubeculatum, 14.
82, 83. — Bulla, 8.
84, 85. — striatulum, 16.
86, 87. — concinnum, 3.
88, 89. — umbilicatum, 9.
90 to 92. — punctatum, 15.
93, 94. — Margarita, 7.
95,96. — bullulatum, 17.
97, 98. — dorsuosum, 18.
99, 100. — formosum, 22.
101, 102. — dentatum, 21.
108, 104. — frumentum, 23.
105. — patulum, 37.
106, 107. — apertum, 36.
108, 109. — coarctatum, 20.
110 to 112..— Hordaceum, 19.
113. — patulum, 37.

434

ALPHABETICAL INDEX.

aciculare, Sp. 31. f. 43 to 46. lacteum, Sp. 4. f. 67 to 69.
acuminatum, 30. f. 49, 50. lanceolatum, 33. f. 35, 36.
Adriaticum, 12. f. 18, 14. longirostratum, 47. f. 59, 60.
album, «nidentified Margarita, 7. f. 93, 94.
angulosum, 2. f. 4, 5. marginatum, 10. f. 9, 10.
apertum, 36. f. 106, 107. nigerinum, unidentified.
birostre, 43. f. 65, 66. nubeculatum, 14. f. 80, 81.
breve, 6. f. 70, 71. obtusum, 26. f. 22 to 24.
Bulla, 8. f. 82, 83. oviformis, see Ovum, 1. f. 1 to 3.
bullulatum, 17. f. 95, 96. Ovum, 1. f. 1 to 3.
carneum, 13. f. 74 to 77. | patulum, 37. f. 105, 113.
coarctatum, 20. f. 108, 109. Philippinarum, 44. f. 57, 58.
concinnum, 3. f. 86, 87. punctatum, 15. f. 90 to 92.
corrugatum, gen. ERATO. pyriforme, 11. f. 72, 73.
deflexum, 34. f. 37, 38. recurvum, 46. f. 54 to 56.
dentatum, 21. f. 101, 102. secale, 27. f. 25 to 27.
dorsuosum, 18. f. 97, 98. seminulum, 25. f. 41, 42.
emarginatum, 39. f. 11, 12. simile, 29. f. 28, 29.
formicarium, 28, f. 47, 48. Spelta, 42. f. 63, 64.
formosum, 22. f. 99. 100. striatulum, 16. f. 84, 85.
frumentum, 238. f. 103, 104. sub-reflexum, 41. f. 33, 34.
gallinaceum, gen. Erato. sub-rostratum, 32. f. 39, 40.
gibbosum, 38. f. 15 to 19. triticeum, 24. f, 20, 21.
gracile, 45. f. 51 to 53. umbilicatum, 9. f. 88, 89.
hordaceum, 19. f. 110 to 112. uniplicatum, 35. f. 30 to 32.
imperialis, see angulosum, 2. f. 4, 5. verrucosum, 5. f. 78, 79.

intermedium, 40. f. 61, 62. Volva, 48. f. 6 to 8.

MONOGRAPH OF THE GENUS

PHOLAS.

Char. Gen. Mollusecum acephalum terebrans. Testa bivalvis, ple-
rumque subcylindracea, tenuis, alba, plerumque scabra, epidermide
induta, valvee equales, infra umbones processis duobus arcuatis.

A well-known genus of boring Mollusca, with an equivalve,
colourless shell, of a more or less cylindrical form, generally
covered with an epidermis, which, in some species, is so thin as to
be scarcely perceptible. Most of the species have a kind of protecting
shield on the umbones, or between the dorsal edges, consisting of
one or more laminated pieces. Some species are gaping at the
anterior ventral margin ; and in others, when mature, the hiatus is
closed by a more or less horny lamina. In the species separated
by some authors under the generic name Pholadidaa, the posterior
integuments closing the valves are lengthened at the termination
and formed into a cup, and in others this cup surmounts a shell
tube, formed for the protection of the posterior tubes of the
animal. In one character all species of true Pholades agree, and
that is, in having a pair of curved processes advancing from under
the umbones. In the genera Xylophaga and Triomphalia these
are wanting.

1. Puotas Dacryzus (pl. cit. f. 10, 11, pl. ev. £..47), Linn.
1110. Chemn. f. 857.

Ph. testa aperta, elongata, posticé subattenuata ; costis angulatis,
acute imbricatis, versus extremitatem evanidis ; laminis dorsalibus
duo magnis anticis, una elongata postica.

Elongated, with the anterior ventral margin widely gaping, and
ending in a point; ribs angular, sharply imbricated, spreading
over the anterior and middle parts of the shell. The two broad
accessory valves on the umbones have the nucleus posterior and
lateral; one long posterior valve. Fig. 47 represents a mere
dwarf distortion.

In sandstone, at low water. Many parts of Great Britain.

3R

436

2. PHonas Curnoensis (pl. cu. f. 1, 2), Avzg, Zool. Journ.
vol. v. p. 384. Campechensis, Gime/. 3216? Candida, var.
Nonnul.

Ph. testi aperta, elongata, subcylindricé, ad extremitates rotun-
data; costis validis, arcuatim inbricatis, omnino radiaté; laminis
dors alibus, ad umbones duabus longitudinalibus, tim una trans-
versali, und elongata posticé.

Elongated, rounded at both ends, ribs strong, radiating ali over
the shell, famter towards the posterior end, with arched imbrica-
tions. Accessory valves, two, on the umbones, large, with apices
posterior-central, one across, small, and one longitudinal, pos-
terior.

Gmelin’s Ph. Campechensis may possibly be the same species,
although named as inhabiting the bay of Campeche, while this is
from Chiloe (Cuming) ; but the figure and description are too ob-
scure to be depended upon.

3. Puonas Laqurata (pl. cin. f. 19, 20), Sowerby, junr.,
Pro. Zool. Soc., 1849.

Ph. testa aperti, elongata, in medio ventricosi ; costis arcuatim
imbricatis, posticé acute armatis; ad marginem dorsalem area
plana; laminis dorsalibus, ad umbones duabus longitudinalibus,
tin und transversali, und elongata postica.

This shell differs from PA. Chiloensis in having a small plain
area at the posterior dorsal margin. It also exhibits the pomted
imbrications on the posterior ribs, and the arched ones on the
central ribs, in stronger development.

Collected at the Isle of Plata by Mr. Cuming.

4. Protas Ortenratis (pl. ci. f. 8, 4), Gmel. 83216. Chemn.
f. 860.

Ph. test aperti, elongata, posticé attenuata ; costis crebris angu-
latim imbricatis anticé radiati, posticé levigaté ; laminis dorsali-
bus, uni ad umbones magna, tim und parva transversali, posticé
und elongata.

Open, elongated, with the nibs radiating over half the shell, the
posterior part being smooth. ‘The principal dorsal valve broad,
with the apex prominent, one small cross-piece, and one narrow
and long.

Found at the mouth of the Indus, Kurachee, Scinde.

187

5. PHoras costa®@ (pl. ci. f. 8, 9), Lenn. 1111.

Ph. testé apertd, elongatd, ventricos’ ; costis validis subrotun-
datis, imbricatis, omnind radiat’; lamina dorsali triangulari,
cornea.

Ventricose, with thick, imbricated ribs radiating over the whole
shell. The dorsal shield is broad, triangular, horny, with a cen-
tral apex, placed upon a triangular disc, formed by the reflection
of the dorsal edge of the shell over the umbones.

Collected in rocks at Mexico, and United States, America.

6. Puotas parva (pl. civ. f. 31, 32), Pennant.

Ph. testa aperta, ventricosd, anticé emarginata, angulari; costis
radiatis et lineis concentricis cancellaté; ad marginem dorsalem
reflexd; lamina dorsali angustatd, apice postica.

Open, ventricose, gaping angularly in front, with the umbones
nearly central, shielded by a narrow curved plate placed on the
reflected margins of the dorsal edge.

Found in many ports of Great Britain.

7. Pootas Manitiz (pl. cui. f. 17, 18), Sowerby, junr.,
Pro. Zool. Soc., 1849.

Ph. testé aperti, elongata, anticé subangulaté; costis subdis-
tantibus, acutissimé imbricatis, ommind radiati; umbonibus sub-
anticis; ad marginem dorsalem, ante umbones, are’ pland; lamina
dorsali parva, arcuata.

Much longer and narrower than PA. similis, with the dorsal
shield much smaller in proportion.

From Manilla bay. Crming.

8. Puotas sruiis (pl. cil. f. 12,18, 14), Gray, MS. Brit.
Museum.

Ph. test& late aperta, ventricosd, tenui, anticé acuté angulata,
posticé subattenuatd; costis distantibus, angulatis, acuté imbri-
catis, anticé radiaté; umbonibus subcentralibus; ad marginem
dorsalem, ante umbones, area pland ; lamina dorsali magni, arcuata,
apice terminali.

A rather ventricose shell, angular at the anterior extremity,
and very widely gaping at the ventral margin. ‘The ribs are few,
sharply imbricated, and spreading over the anterior part of the
shell only. The umbones are nearer the centre than in PA.
Manilla, and the dorsal shield is much larger in proportion.

From New Zealand. Larle.

3.R:

w

488

9. PHonas canprpa (pl. ciii. f£. 21, 22, 28), Linn. Syst. Nat.
ritops | alle A bs

Ph. testa tenui, gradatim aperta, elongata, posticé subattenuata,
anticé subrotundaté; costis evanidis, ad extremitatem anticam
acute imbricatis ; lamin’ dorsali parva, elongata.

Thin, gradually opening at the ventral margin, rounded at the
anterior extremity, attenuated posteriorly ; ribs faint, excepting at
oe anterior part of the shell, where they are sharply imbricated.

ritain.

10. PHo.as rraeixis (pl. eviii. f. 92, 98), Sowerby, junr.,
Pro. Zool. Soc., 1849.

Ph. testa apertd, elongata, anticé emarginata, angulari; costis
radiatis et lineis concentricis cancellaté; ad marginem dorsalem
reflexd ; lamind dorsali angusté, arcuata.

Resembling Ps. parva, but much narrower, and with the um-
bones placed much nearer the anterior extremity.

Collected by Mr. Cuming in soft stone, low water; Bassy, Isle
of Samar, Philippines. ;

11. Puotas AvsrratastZ (pl. cvi. f. 73), Gray, MS. Brit.
Museum.

Ph. testé gradatim aperta, elongati, anticé subrotundaté; um-
bonibus prope extremitatem anticam positis; costis distantibus,
obtuse imbricatis, omnino radiati; ad marginem dorsalem, ante
umbones, are& plan; lamina dorsali una, breviuscula (?).

Much resembling our British PA. candida, but a larger and
stronger shell, with the ribs much more obtusely imbricated, and
the umbones nearer to the anterior extremity. I have not seen
the dorsal shield, but should imagine it to be much shorter in pro-
portion than that of P/. candida.

Abundant in Australia.

12. PHotas truncata (pl. civ. f. 29, 30), Say, American
Journal of Science, vol. ii. p. 821.

Ph. testé subcylindricé, anticé angulatim aperta, ad extremi-
tatem angulatd, posticé ad extremitatem quadraté; lineis elevatis,
concentricis, radiatim imbricatis, ornat&; posticé levigaté ; lamina
dorsali elongata, areuati, posticé subquadrata.

This shell is remarkable for its cylindrical and truncated form.
The radiating ribs are only seen by the imbrications, or flutings,
on the concentric ridges.

489

13. PHotas cructrera (pl. civ. f. 24, 25, 26), Sowerby,
Pro. Zool. Soc., 1834, p. 69.

Ph. test utrinque obtusa, haud late apertd; costis creberrimis,
imbricatis, omnind radiat&; lamina dorsali corned, ad umbones
super marginem reflexum in crucis forma posit.

The dorsal margin of the shell is reflected over the umbones so
as make a cross-shaped platform for the reception of the accessory
valve, which is horny, and in maturity spreads over the dorsal
margins. The ribs are close, and closely imbricated. The ventral
opening is not large.

Found in soft sandstone at half-tide on the shores of the island
of Puma, in the Gulf of Guayaquil; in soft stone at low water in
the bay of Caraccas, West Colombia; and in hard clay, im thirteen
fathoms water, in the Gulf of Nocoiyo, in Central America.

14. Puotas crispata (pl. civ. £.37), Linn. Syst. Nat. 1111.

Ph. testa ventricosa brevi, in medio canali constricto divisa ;
anticé angulari, late hiante, imbricis acutis radiatim ornatié ; pos-
ticé substriata, subrotundata.

With the exception of Pd. latissima, this species is the broadest
of any in proportion to its width. It gapes very widely in front,
and is divided in the centre by a grove, the anterior portion being
imbricated by strongly raised angular points in radiating series,
and the posterior part nearly smooth. There is no accessory
valve ; but the dorsal edge is strongly reflected over the umbones,
and the tubes of the mollusk are protected by an external epider-
midous case.

Great Britain.

15. Portas constricra (pl. civ. f. 27, 28), Sowerby, junr.,
Pro. Zool. Soc., 1849.

Ph. test& ventricosd, anticé utrinque aperté; in medio area an-
x Seen amare cea es i uf
gusta, constricté, obliqueé divisd ; anticé radiatim scabros4, posticé
minuté concentricé striaté; ad marginem dorsalem posticé reflexa.
Resembling Pd. parva, but without any accessory valve, and
having a double dividing line across the centre, as in PA.
papyracea, &e.
Collected by Mr. Cuming at the Straits of Sunda.

16. PHotas Latissima (pl. cm. f. 15, 16), Sowerby, junr.,
Pro. Zool. Soc., 1849.

Ph. testa subquadrata, subcompressd, apertd, anticé angulata,

4.90

posticé truncati; costis moniliferis radiatis et lmeis concentricis
cancellaté; umbonibus subcentralibus, margine dorsali reflexo.

A wide, rather flat shell, widely gapmg im front, and truncated
at the posterior extremity, with radiating ribs forming knots on
the raised lines of growth. It appears to be without accessory
valves.

Taken in Manilla Bay. Cuming.

17. Puotas Darwinit (pl. evi. f. 76,77), Sowerby, junr.,
Pro. Zool. Soc., 1849.

Ph. testi brevi, laté aperté, in medio are constricta divisa ;
anticé radiatim scabra ; ad marginem ventralem levi, recedente, ad
marginem dorsalem arcuatim reflexi; posticé concentricé striata,
ad extremitatem posticam margine validé recurvo.

A very remarkable shell, rather short, widely opening in front,
divided in the centre by a constricted grove. Before the grove it
is roughened by undulated lines of growth, forming radiating
ribs. The ventral margin is smooth, and recedes towards the
dorsal part, where it is turned over so as to form a broad reflected
edge reaching to the umbones. Posterior to the dividing lune it
is marked by raised lines of growth, and gapes widely ; at the end
there is a broad extension of the shell curved outwards.

Collected by Mr. Darwin at Chiloe.

18. Puotas Terepinzrormis (pl. evi. f. 97, 98), Sowerby,
junr., Pro. Zool. Soc., 1849.

Ph. test’ globosa, aperta, in medio divisi; anticé margine ven-
trali subangulatd ; costis laqueatis concentricis ornatd ; posticé
brevi, leevigaté ; lamin’ dorsali und subquadrata, super marginem
reflexam teste posita.

A small, globose species, in some degree resembling the young
of Ph. clavata, &c., but differently sculptured ; and although it has
the appearance of a mature shell, it is quite possible that it may
belong to that group, and its being in so soft a substance as wax
may be the reason for the enclosing lamine not being formed.
This and the next species (PA. aperta) were at first thought to
belong to the genus Xylophaga; but, on examination, were found
to possess the curved processes in the hinge, which are charac-
teristic of the genus Pholas, and are not found in Xylophaga.

Found in cakes of floating wax on the coast of Cuba.

491

19. PHotas apErra (pl. evin. f. 99, 100), Sowerby, junr.,
Pro. Zool. Soc., 1849.

Ph. test& globosa, apert’, in medio divis’; anticé margine ven-
trali subangulatd; costis laqueatis concentricis ornati; posticé
leevigatd, subattenuata ; laminis dorsalibus quatuor, parvis.

A small, globose species, differing from Ph. Teredinaformis in
having the posterior end longer, and in having two pairs of small
dorsal laminee. Being found in mahogany, the shell has a dark
reddish tint. In other respects it is subject to the same remarks
that are applied to Ph. Teredineformis.

Floating wood, Straits of Sunda and Banca. Cuming.

20. PHonas Catrrorntica (pl. ci. f. 5, 6,7), Conrad, Aun.
Nat. Sc. Phil. i. p. 236. t. 18. f. 4.

Ph. testa subcylindricd, ventricosd, magna, in partes tres obliqué
divisi; parte antici prope marginem ventralem sublevigata, dorso
usque ad medium imbricatim costato; parte medid plana, epider-
mide crass4 induti; parte posticd obliqué triangulari, transversé
epidermide laminati, ad terminum truncati; margine ventrali in-
tegumento diviso, elongato, corneo, celato ; margine dorsali integu-
mento triplicato, elongato ad umbones, angustato, celato.

A very large shell, with the surface of each valve divided into
three parts: the anterior part, ventrally smooth, dorsally costated ;
the intermediate part plain; the terminal part, with the epidermis
forming transverse lamine in relief. The ventral margin is
covered by along, divided, folded integument, and the dorsal
margin by another, the anterior part of which is bilobate on each
side, and the posterior part is elongated and trifold. The speci-
men figured (half the natural length) is in Mr. Cuming’s collec-
tion. Mr. Metcalfe possesses one, not so perfect, but about five
inches long.

Sandstone, deep water, Monte Rey, California. Mr. Hartweg.

21. Puonas Incr (pl. ev. f. 45, 46), Sowerby, juar., Pro.
Zool. Soc., 1849.

Ph. testa subcylindricd, brevi, ventricosd, in partes tres obliqué
divisi; parte antici prope marginem ventralem sublevigata,
dorso usque ad medium minuté longitudinaliter et transverse
striata ; parte media pland, epidermide crass’ indutd ; parte pos-
ticd oblique triangulari, epidermide in laminis serratis producta ;
margine dorsali integumento in partes quatuor diviso, quarum duas
anticas breviusculas, duas posticas elongatas, integras.

4.92

Differmg from Ph. Californica in the dorsal side of the anterior
part, which is finely striated in both directions ; in the epider-
midal lamine, which are beautifully serrated ; in the integumental
covering of the dorsal edge, which is divided into four parts, of
which the posterior pair are long, and one overlapping the other ;
and in the absence of integumental lamine on the ventral margin.

Collected by Capt. Ince, R.N., in coral rock at Raine’s Island,
Torres Straits.

22. Protas acuminata (pl. ev. f. 48, 49, 50), Sowerby, Pro.
Zool. Soc., 1834.

Ph. testé subpyriformi, clausi, ventricosi ; in partes tres ob-
liqué divisi; parte antici prope marginem ventralem levigatd, in
medio et ad dorsum minuté radiatim scabra; parte media laté
plani, epidermide crassi induti; parte postici acuté angulata,
attenuata, fascii serraté marginata, epidermide laminis angulatis
indut&é; margine ventrali integumento elongato, integro ; margine
dorsali integumento ad umbones magno, subquadrato, posticé
altero elongato, prope umbones rotundato ; marginibus ventralibus
valvarum unidentatis.

Shell pyriform, rounded anteriorly, and tapering towards the
end. Surface of the valves divided obliquely by serrated groves
into three parts; the anterior part divided again longitudinally;
the ventral side smooth, horny; the dorsal side finely ribbed in
both directions, the middle part plain, with a thick epidermis ;
in the posterior part, the epidermis is raised in smooth lamine,
corresponding in shape with the attenuated and acutely angulated
termination. The external integuments are, one narrow, folding
along the ventral margin ; one large, subquadrate upon, and ante-
rior to, the umbones; the other, adjomimg by a rounded lobe,
and tapering off to the posterior end of the dorsal edge: these
are not quite divided by a central lie.

In limestone rocks at low water, at Panama. Cuming.

23. PHonas quapRizonatis (pl. cvin. f. $8, 89), Spengler.

Ph. testa clausa, subcylindrica, ventricosi, in partes tres transver-
sales divisa ; parte antici prope marginem levigaté, in medio et ad
dorsum minut? striata ; ; parte mediand plana ; parte postici epider-
mide laminis serratis induté ; margine dorsali integumento subtes-
taceo in partes quatuor diviso, quarum duas anticas breviusculas,
duas posticas elongatas, trilobatas.

Resembling PA. Jncii, but much smaller, and more finely

493

striated, the posterior lamine of the epidermis are more minutely
serrated, and the external lamine, covering the dorsal edge, are
very differently shaped, the posterior pair being trilobate.

24. Puotas catva (pl. ev. f. 51, 52, 53), Sowerby, Pro.
Zool. Soc., 1834.

Ph. testa subpyriformi, claus, anticé ventricosi, in partes tres
oblique divis’ ; parte antica prope marginem ventralem leevigata,
in medio et ad dorsum minut’ radiatim scabré; parte media late
plan, epidermide crass induti; parte posticd subrotundatim an-
gulata, attenuatd, epidermide laminata, fascia serrata marginata ;
margine ventrali integumento elongato, integro; margine dorsali
integumento subtestaceo super umbones et latera, tnarginibus
lobatis, expanso, posticé altero elongato inter lobas integumenti
postici paululim intruso.

Differing from P%. acuminata in the shape of the laminz and
termination of the posterior portion, which are rounded, and in
the external dorsal covering, or shield, which is more shelly, and
spread over a large portion of the sides of the shell as well as the
umbones, and the posterior dorsal integument is intruded a short
space between two of its lobes.

Collected by Mr. Cuming in very hard stone at low water, in
Panama Bay.

25. PHotas BRancuHiaTa (pl. evil. f. 82, 83), Gould, Pro.
Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., 1845, p. 290.

Ph. testa clausd, subpyriformi, ventricosa, in partes tres oblique
divisi; parte anticd prope marginem ventralem sublevigata, dorso
usque ad medium minute striati; parte media plana, epidermide
crassa indut&i; parte posticd ad termmum attenuata, epidermide
in laminis levigatis rotundatis disposité ; margine ventrali integu-
menti elongato, integro; margine dorsali lamina testaced super
umbones, lateraliter et subanticé expansi, marginibus integris ;
posticé integumento elongato claviformi, usque ad medium lamin
umbonalis intruso.

Differing from PA. calva in the shape of the umbonal plate,
which is less spread, and more even and entire; and in that of the
posterior dorsal integument, which is intruded half-way into the
umbonal plate.

26. Puotas ovata (pl. evu. f. 71, 72), Gray, MS. British
Museum.

Ph. test& subpyriformi, ventricosi, clausi, in medio transverst
38

4.94:

divisi ; antice in medio et ad marginem dorsalem Jongitudinaliter
striata, radiatim costati, ad marginem ventralem levigata ; pos-
tice levigatd, marginibus longitudine ineequalibus ; umbonibus
lamina testaced expansi celata.

The specimen in the British Museum is imperfect, and the
locality is not stated. It is divided in the centre by a serrated
grove, and the ventral margins of the valves are smooth as in the
preceding species. The posterior portion is smooth and tapering,
one valve being considerably longer than the other.

27. Puonas curta (pl. civ. f. 33, 34, pl. evi. f. 105), Sow.,
Pro. Zool. Soc., 1834.

Ph. testé brevi, oval, clausi, in medio obliqué divisi ; parte
antici margine ventrali levi, ventricoso, medio ad dorsum costata
et minute striata; parte posticd levigata; lamina dorsali sub-
cylindrica, termimibus subangulatis.

Oval, divided in the centre, with enclosed tumid ventral margin.
The posterior part is short and smooth, with a thin epidermis.
The dorsal shield is rather large, oval, straight at the sides, angular
at the ends.

Figure 105 is from a specimen in the British Museum. The
other specimens were obtained in soft stone at low water on the

coast of West Colombia, by Mr. Cuming.

28. PHonas muutisrriata (pl. civ. f. 35, 36), Sowerby, Pro.
Zool. Soc., 1849.

Ph. testa oblong’, clausi, transversé oblique divisa ; parte
antic’. margine ventral leevigato, medio ad dorsam minutissimé
striata ; parte posticd levigati, laminis attenuata; lamina dorsali
ovali, posticé circulari, anticé subacuminata.

Resembling PA. curta (f. 33, 34, 105), but the striz on the
umbonal part of the anterior are very much finer, and the poste-
rior termination is elongated. The dorsal shield is more oval,
rounded anteriorly, and acuminated posteriorly.

Collected by J. E. Dring, Esq., R.N., in coral rocks at low
water at Turtle’s Island, on the north coast of Australia.

29. Puonas srriata (pl. civ. f. 40, 41, 42, pl. ev. f. 43, 44),
Linn. Syst. Nat. }111. Ph. nana, Pulteney. Ph. pusilla, Linn.
Syst. Nat. 1111. Ph. ignorum, Spengler. Ph. conoides, Fleming.
Ph. clavata, Lamarck, Ani. s. vert. 2nd edit. p. 46.

Ph. testé clausd, divisi; anticé angulatim longitudinaliter

495

costati, costis serratis, margine ventral levigato, rotundato ; pos-
ticé prope medium concentricé striata, extremitate plus mmusve, at-
tenuati ; laminis tribus, und elongati ad margines ventrales, und
inter margines dorsales, und magna, subquadrata, posticé emargi-
natd, super umbones posita.

An enclosed species, with the dorsal part of the anterior ribbed
angularly by raised, serrated ndges. The posterior portion is con-
centrically striated, and at the termination indefimtely extended.
There is a thin, long plate between the dorsal margins, and another
over the ventral margins. The umbonal shield is large, rather
quadrate, and at the posterior edge emarginated.

Found on the coasts of Great Britain, and in floating wood in
various parts of the Atlantic. Mr. Cuming has collected varieties
at the Philippine Islands.

30. PHotas cunerrormis (pl. civ. f. 38,39, pl. evi. f. 86,87),
Say, Journ. Ac. Sci. Philad. vol. i. p. 322.

Ph. testa oblonga, claus4, transversé oblique divisi ; anticé mar-
gine ventrali levigato, rotundato, latere dorsali costis longitudina-
libus arcuatis, serratis ; posticé concentricé striatié, plus minusve
attenuata’; laminis tribus, und elongaté ad margines ventrales,
una inter margines dorsales, und ad umbones anticé obtusé angu-
lata, posticé acuminata.

Resembling PA. striata (f. 40, 41, 42, 43, 44), but with the
strie, or ribs, of the anterior part curved, not angular, and the
dorsal shield smaller, and pointed at each end.

N. America.

31. PHoxas semicostata (pl. cvin. f. 84, 85), (copied), Lea,
Pro. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., Nov. 1814, pl. 24. f. 1.

Ph. testa Ph. cumeiforme simillima, sed magis pyriformi ; laminis
marginalibus nullis ?

This may possibly may be identical with Ps. cuneiformis, or
with Pd. striata, but it is more ventricose, and no marginal plates
are mentioned in the description.

It is a very small shell, inhabiting the coasts of South Carolina.

32. Puonas corricaria (pl. evi. f. 94, 95, 96), Gray, MS.
Brit. Mus.

Ph. testa clausa, divisd; anticé angulatim longitudinaliter costati,
costis serratis, margine ventrali levigato ; posticé prope medium
382

496

concentricé striati, extremitate plus minusve attenuati; laminis
tribus, quarum und elongaté ad margines ventrales, und inter
margines dorsales, und super umbones parva, subquadrata.

Resembling PA. striata, but having the dorsal shield very small,
and of an oblong square, somewhat rounded anteriorly. ‘The
specimens, having bored in floating mahogany, have taken a
reddish colour.

33. PHoxas rivicoxa (pl. cvii. f. 90, 91), Sowerby, junr.,
Pro. Zool. Soc., 1849.

Ph. testa clausi, cuneiformi, transversé canali divis4 ; parte an-
tic obliqué dimidiata, latere dorsali striato, latere ventrali levi,
subangulato ; parte posticd subelongata, levi, epidermide laminis
angulatis marginibus serratis ornaté ; lamina dorsali subquadrata,
in medio longitudinaliter divisa.

A cuneiform, enclosed species, divided transversely by a canal ;
the dorsal side of the anterior obliquely striated; the posterior is
attenuated, and covered by a dark olive-green epidermis, which is
thrown out at regular intervals in angular fringed lamine. This
is the only Pdolas yet found inhabiting fresh water. The fringes
of the epidermis, and the divided dorsal shield, render it perfectly
distinct. For this species | am indebted to the courtesy of A.
Adams, Esq., Surgeon of the ship Samarang, who collected it at
a place called Gunny Taboor, twelve miles up the Pantai river,
where the water was perfectly fresh, and where it burrowed in
considerable numbers in the floating piles which had been long
used as a landing pier.

34, PHotas oprecta (pl. cvin. f. 80, 81), Sowerby, junr.,
Pro. Zool. Soc., 1849.

Ph. testa ovata, subpyriformi, claus, canali transverse dimi-
diata ; parte antica latere dorsali minute striato, latere ventrali leevi,
rotundo ; parte posticd levi, ad margines laminis duabus protecta,
ad terminum laminis duplicatis cyathiformibus producti; ad um-
bones lamina testaced, postice bilobata, anticé late versus marginem
ventralem expansa.

A rather ovate shell, rounded anteriorly, and attenuated poste-
riorly. It is divided by a grove, and the anterior part is closed by
an expansion of the margins; posteriorly, the dorsal and ventral
edges are covered by a folded membrane, and at the end there is a
narrow, flattish, cup-shaped expansion divided laterally. The um-
bones are covered by a shelly case, which reaches in two lobes

4,9 7

towards the posterior end, and is spread over a large part of the
anterior, towards the ventral edge, so as, when fully developed, to
cover the entire front.

Collected by J. E. Dring, Esq., R.N., in coral rock, low water,
at Turtle’s Island, north coast of Australia.

35. Puoxas spaTHuLATaA (pl. evi. f. 69, 70), Sowerby, gunr.,
Pro. Zool. Soc., 1849.

Ph. testé elongata, claus, oblique divisé; parte anticd radiatim
costati, subangulaté; parte postici concentricé leviter striata,
subtruncaté, ad margines integumento protecti, ad terminum in
cyatho corneo, lateribus spathuliformibus, producté ; ad umbones
laminis duabus equalibus, postice bilobatis, anticé elongatis.

The front part is ribbed and imbricated ; the posterior is rather
smooth, elongated, and squared at the end, with the edges covered
by a folded integument. The cup is rather flat, and separated
at the sides. The umbonal shield consists of two trilobate lamin,
the anterior lamina elongated to reach the anterior termination.

From New Zealand. Mr. Earle.

36. Pyoxas concameErata (pl. evi. f. 67, 68), Deshayes.

Ph. testa ventricosa, claus&, obliqué divisi; parte antica inflata,
radiatim costata, costis imbricatis, marginibus dorsalibus laté re-
flexis ; parte postici striata, ad terminum subquadrataé ; in cyatho
corneo, ad latera diviso, producti; ad umbones lamind subquad-
rata, magna, posticé subacuminaté; tim laminis duabus latis cum
marginis teste terminalibus confluentibus.

The front part of the valves is ribbed, and very strongly imbri-
cated, and the dorsal edges are very widely turned back over the
umbones. The cup is separated at the edges. There are three thick,
shelly dorsal plates: one broad and rather square, the two others
opposed to each other, very broad and tumid, and anteriorly con-
fluent with the expanded margin, which fills up the ventral gape.

Found in sandstone, deep water, at Monte Rey, California, by
M. Hartweg.

37. Puouas papyracza (pl. evi. f. 66), Turton, Dithyr. Brit.
p. 2. pli. f. 1 to 4. Ph. lamellata, Turt., Dithyr. Brit. p. 4. pli.
f. 5, 6. Pholadideea Loscombiana, Zwrt., Conch. Dict. p. 147.
Ph. Goodallii, Dict. Sc. Nat. vol. xxxvii. p. 532. _Ph. striata,
Griffiths et Cuvier.

Ph. testa subcylindricd, clausd, canali serrato divisi; parte

498

antica costaté et imbricati, margine ventrali levi, inflato, margine
dorsali confluente, usque ad umbones reflexo, tumido ; parte pos-
fica levi, subtruncata, ad terminum appendice cyathiformi lateribus
subquadratis.

This common British species is rather cylindrical in form,
enclosed at the anterior by a thin test, which, from the ventral, is
continued over the dorsal margins im a kind of double ridge.
Close to the umbones, this ridge is divided transversely, so as to
form a pair of separate plates. At the posterior termination is a
cup-shaped appendage, which is rather quadrate in form.

Found in various parts of Great Britain.

Puotas ciausa (pl. evi. f. 74, 75), Gray. P. expla-
nata, Spengler ?

Ph. testa clausi, subovali, ventricosd, omnino striis radiatis
et costis moniliformibus concentricis ornati ; margine dorsali pos-
ticé sufflato, margine dorsali anticé validé expanso et sufflato, ad
umbones transverse inciso, super laminas transversas duplicatas ex-
pansas decumbente ; ad terminum posticum subattenuata, epider-
mide nigricante, lobis quatuor inflatis, ttm integumento cyathi-
formi expanso, ad latera emarginato.

This species is not divided by a central grove, but is reticulated
by fine raised strive crossing concentric knobbed ribs. The dorsal
margins are swelled, the anterior swelled out and turned back
over the umbones, where they are transversely divided and placed
upon a transverse platform, which is wide and acuminated, and
also divided in the centre. The cup is expanded, emarginated at
the sides, and surmounted by four rounded and swelled lobes.

River Gambia. Capt. Shaw.

39. PHoLas TRIDENS (pl. evi. f. 60, 61). ‘Talena tridens,
Gray, Brit. Mus. Cat.

Ph. test4 clausd, subovali, canali serrato divisa ; parte antica
costaté et lineaté, margine ventrali inflato, cum margine dorsali
confluente ; margine dorsali tumido, diviso, ‘ad ambenee transversé
inciso ; parte posticA concentricé lineaté, ad terminum tumis arcu-
atis duabus, ad marginem posticum integumento cyathiformi ;
cyatho intus callo tripartito.

Resembling Ph. papyracea (f.66) im some degree, but more
tapering posteriorly, and the cup is surmounted by an arcuated
tumidity on each side, which within is marked by a tripartite
callosity.

Monte Christo. Cuming.

4.99

40. PHonas quapra (pl. evi. f. 62,63), Sowerby, Pro. Zool.
Soc., 1834.

Ph. test& clausd, subovali, canali serrato divisi; parte anticd
costaté et lineaté, margine ventrali inflato, cum margine dorsali
confluente, margine dorsali tumido, diviso, ad umbones transversé
inciso; parte postici concentricé striaté, ad terminum tumis in-
flatis quatuor, et tubd testaced plus minusve elongata.

Resembling P2. tridens (f.60, 61), but with the anterior dorsal
margins more inflated, and at the posterior termination having a
shelly tube surmounted by four horny tubercles.

Collected by Mr. Cuming on sand, in loose clay, at Monte
Christo.

41. PHotas TuBIFER (pl. evi. f. 64, 65), Sowerby, Pro. Zool.
Soc., 1834.

Ph. testé claus’, subovali, canali serrato divisi; parte anticd
costatA et lineatd, margine ventrali inflato, cum margine dorsali
confluente, margine dorsali tumido, diviso, ad umbones trans-
versé inciso; parte posticd concentricé striati; ad terminum
spathulis duabus subquadratis, corneis, ad tubam testaceam plus
minusve clongatam affixis.

Shell enclosed, divided; the front part costated and imbricated,
and the test fillmg up the ventral gape confluent with the dorsal
margin, which is reflected, tumid, and, at the umbones, separated
into two small valve-hke appendages. Next to the posterior end
of the shell are a pair of horny flaps, which are fixed into a shelly
tube. In PA. quadra (f. 62) the tube is surmounted by four
lobes instead of these flaps.

Collected by Mr. Cuming in decayed wood, ten fathoms deep,
at the Bay of Caraccas, West Colombia.

42. PHoLtas MELANURA (pl. evi. f. 78, 79), Sowerby, Pro.
Zool. Soc., 1834.

Ph. testa, clausd, subovali, canali serrato divis’; parte anticd 1m-
bricatim costati, margine ventrali levigato, inflato, dorso conflu-
ente, margine dorsali validé reflexo et tumido, ad umbones laminis
duabus subquadratis super laminas latas dispositis diviso; parte
postici concentricé lyraté, epidermide nigricante, ad termimum
tumis corneis, inflatis, sub-reniformibus, duabus ad tubam testa-
ceam affixis.

Much larger than P2. guadra, and more boldly sculptured. The

500

divided plates of the umbonal ridge are placed upon a broad
platform between them and the umbones. The _postero-dorsal
outline is inflated. The posterior part of the shell is covered by
a blackish epidermis; at the termination, there are two horny
ae each of them bilobed, surmounting a broad, black, shelly
tube.

Found in hard clay and loose stones at Monte Christo. Cuming.

MONOGRAPH OF THE GENUS

TRIOMPHALIA.*

Fam. Pholadide.

Char. Gen. Molluscum acephalum terebrans. Testa bivalvis,
eetate juniori hians, state maturd clausa. Valve ineequales,
utraque anticé lamina testaced inflat’é ad marginem ventralem
affixi; interné cardine unidentato, sine processu; valva dextra
posticé alteram valvam longitudine superans; valva sinistra pos-
ticé abbreviata, antic lamina ventrali alteram valvam involvente,
ad dorsum nucleo quasi-umbonali incipiente.

A genus of boring Mollusca, with bivalve shells, allied to that
group of Pholades which, when mature, have the ventral anterior
hiatus of the valves closed by an expanded test. The valves
are unequal, the right one bemg considerably produced at the
posterior end, and the left much shorter at that end, but anteriorly
extending its ventral covering so as to over-wrap that of the other.

* Tpla, tria; dupadoy, umbo. Since writing the above, my attention has been
directed to a genus of Pholadida, described under the name of Pholadopsis (Conrad),
which may, by possibility, be identical with the one now proposed. The two most
important characters, however, being omitted (namely, the third umbo, on which I
found the name; and the absence of hinge processes, on which alone I justify the
separation of the genus), and no reference being made to Quoy and Gaimard’s figure
of Ph. globosa, the description is not deemed sufficiently complete for identification.

501

On the dorsal edge, at the umbones, this testaceous covering
seems to take its rise from an extra-umbonal nucleus. Hinge
unidentate, without processes. The over-wrapping of the ventral
covering of the right valve by that of the left, the umbo-like
nucleus of the latter, and the compensating inequality of the
valves at the posterior end, would be considered by many concho-
logists as forming sufficient grounds for separating this peculiarly
constructed group from the genus Piolas. But were the separa-
tion to rest upon these characters alone, it might be said that, in
consistency, the generic division of other groups of Pholades, pro-
posed by authors, some of which present very interesting peculi-
arities, should also be adopted. But the groups named as genera,
Dactylus, Pholadidea, Talona, and Jouanettia, all exhibit one
character in common, namely, the curved processes jutting from
beneath the hinge, which in Zriomphalia are wanting. The name
is taken from the nucleus of the anterior lamina, which, over-
lying the two umbones, forms, as it were, a third.

1. TriompHaLia GLososa (pl. evi. f. 54, 55). Pholas glo-
bosa, Quoy, Voy. Astrolabe.

T. test& subovali, posticé subattenuatd, anticé globosi; valvis
transversé dimidiatis: parte postici concentricé lyraté, in medio
costa imbricata una; parte anticd lyrata, radiatim costis acuté im-
bricatis ornati; valva dextré producti, sublinguiformi, dentibus
acutis recurvis serrat’i; nucleo lamine terminalis valve sinistre
triangulari, striato, subcomplanato.

Rather oval, thin, with the valves transversely divided, with one
radiating series of angular points in the middle of the posterior
half, and eight or nine on the anterior portion, crossed by raised
lines beautifully curved in the opposite direction. The right valve
terminates angularly, and is serrated at the edges by curved, sharp
teeth. ;

In soft stone at half-tide; Isle of Leyte, Philippines. Cuming.

2. TRIOMPHALIA PULCHERRIMA (pl. evi. f.58, 59), Sowerby,
junr., Pro. Zool. Soc., 1549.

T. test& subovali, ventricos’, postice globosa, corrugaté, anticé
subattenuata; valvis transversé dimidiatis: parte posticd costis
distantibus concentricé lyraté; parte antic’ lineis lyrati, costis im-
bricatis radiaté; valvi dextrd producta, linguiformi, margine den-
tibus acutiscrispatis serrato; nucleo lamine terminalis valve sinistree
subtriangulari, rotundo, leis elevatis lyrato.

37

502

This species is larger than 7. globosa (f. 54, 55), the ventral
covering being much more globose and rough ; the supplementary
nucleus is not so flat or so smooth; the points at the termination
of the right valve are more strongly curved; the concentric ribs
on the posterior part of the valves are more strongly defined, and
they are not crossed by the oblique row of raised points which
characterize those of the other species. Nothing can exceed the
beauty of sculpture in both species.

West Colombia; soft stone, low water. Cuming.

3. TRiomPHALia Cuminett (pl. evi. f. 56, 57), Sowerby, junr.,
Pro. Zool. Soc., 1849.

T. testa rotunda, crassi; valvis posticé canali divisis, concentricé
lineis elevatis lyratis, antice costis minutis, serratis, radiatis ; parte
posticd concentricé lammati; valv&é dextra posticé in lingula tri-
angulari margine triplicato producti; valva smistré posticé brevis-
simi, margine terminali circulari.

This shell would be completely spherical, but for the lnguiform
triplicate extension of the right valve; the left valve terminating
in a circular margin, where the round part of the right meets it.
The posterior part of the valves is very narrow, and strongly
laminated ; the anterior part is striated, and, near the termination,
transversely ribbed. The covering test of the hiatus is beautifully
rounded.

Coral rock, at low water; Isle of Zebu, Philippines. Cuming.

MONOGRAPH OF THE GENUS

XYLOPHAGA.

Char. Gen. Molluscum acephalum terebrans. Testa bivalvis,
anticé angulatim hians, globosa, cardine edentulo, umbonibus
valvis duabus parvis obtectis.

This genus, like Zriomphalia, wants the subumbonal processes
which are characteristic of Pholas and Teredo.

5038

1. XyntopHaca eLogosa (pl. cvin. f. 101, 102), Sowerby,
Pro. Zool. Soc., 1834.

X. test’ globos’, in medio transverse costis duabus et ared
plana divisi ; parte postici subproducté, margine dorsali subde-
clivato ; parte antici angulatim striaté, margine ventrali angulatim
emarginato, angulo subobtuso; umbonibus rotundatis, laminis
duabus cordiformibus super marginem dorsalem reflexum posticum

ositis.
: If there be any real difference between this and the last species,
it may consist in the posterior part of the valves in X. dorsalis
being shorter and more elevated at the dorsal margin. The
opening in the ventral margin seems also to be more acute in
X. dorsalis.

Found in wood at a depth of sixty fathoms at Valparaiso.
Cuming.

2. XyLopHaGa DorsALIs (pl. evi. f. 103, 104), Zurt., Brit.
Biv. u. f. 4, 5.

X. testi globosi, in medio transversé costis duabus et area
plana divisé ; parte postica brevi, margine dorsali subelevato ; parte
antic epidermide induti, angulatim striata’, margme ventrali
angulatim emarginato, angulo subacuto; umbonibus rotundatis,
Jaminis duabus cordiformibus super marginem dorsalem reflexum
positis.

Rounded, divided in the centre of each valve by a smooth area
between two ridges ; the posterior part of the valves smooth, short,
with the dorsal margin rather raised; the anterior part of the
valves covered with a brownish epidermis, and angularly striated,
with a large angular notch in the ventral margin. Two small
heart-shaped dorsal plates are placed over the umbones upon the
reflected anterior dorsal margin.

Great Britain.

PHOLAS, TRIOMPHALIA,

AND

XYLOPHAGA.

LIST OF FIGURES IN PLATES CII. 10 CVIII.
(The Figure after each name is the number of the Species.)

Pruate CII. Ki

g.
Fig. 56, 57. Tr. Cumingii, 3.
1, 2. Ph. Chiloensis, Sp. 2. 58, 59. — pulcherrima, 2.
3, 4. — Orientalis, 4.
5, 6, 7. — Californica, 20. Prats CVI.
8, 9. — costata, 5. 60, 61. Ph. tridens, 39.
10, 11. — Dactylus, lp 62, (i —— quadra, 40.
Prats OIII. 64, 65. — tubifer, 41.
12, 13, 14. — similis, 8. ee ap eet:

67, 68. — concamerata, 36.

15, 16. — latissima, 16. 69, 70. — spathulata, 36.

17, 18. — Manille, 7.

19, 20. — laqueata, 3. Prats CVII.
21, 22, 23. — candida, 9. 71, 12. — ovata, 26.

Puate CIV. 73. — Australasiz, 11.
24, 25, 26. — crucigera, 13. 74, 75. — clausa, 38.
27, 28. — constricta, 15. 76, 77. — Darwinii, 17.
29, 30, — truncata, 12. 78, 79. — melanura, 42.

31, 32. — parva, 6.

Puate CVIII.
33, 34. — curta, 27.

35, 36. — multistriata, 28. 80, 81. — obtecta, 34.
37. — crispata, 14. 82, 83. — branchiata, 25.
38, 39. — cuneiformis, 30. 84, 85. — semicostata, 31,
40, 41, 42. — striata, 29. 86, 87. — cuneiformis, 30.
88, 89. — quadrizonalis, 23.
Piate OV. 90, 91. — rivicola, 33.
43, 44. — striata, 29. 92, 98. — fragilis, 10.
45,46. — Incii, 21. 94, 95, 96. — corticaria, 32.
47. — Dactylus, 1. 97, 98. — Teredinzformis, 18.
48, 49, 50. — acuminata, 22. 99, 100. — aperta, 19.
51, 52, ie}, = calva, IA, 101, 102. Xy. globosa, 1.
54, 55. Tr. globosa, 1. 103, 104. — dorsalis, 2.

N.B. The above, with few exceptions, are figured from specimens in Mr. Cuming’s
Collection.

or

ALPHABETICAL INDEX.

acuminata, Sp. 22, f. 48, 49, 50.
aperta, 19, f. 99, 100.
Australasia, 11, f. 73.
branchiata, 25, f. 82, 83.
Californica, 20, f. 5, 6, 7.
calva, 24, f. 51, 52, 53.
Campechensis, v. Chiloensis.
candida, 9, f. 21, 22, 23.
Chiloensis, 2, f. 1, 2.
clausa, 38, f. 74, 75.
clavata, v. striata.
concamerata, 36, f. 67, 68.
conoides, v. striata.
constricta, 15, f. 27, 28.
corticaria, 32, f. 94, 95, 96.
costata, 5, f. 8, 9.
crispata, 14, f. 37.
crucigera, 13, f. 24, 25, 26.

Cumingii (Triomphalia, 3), f. 56, 57.

cuneiformis, 30, f. 38, 39, 86, 87.
curta, 27, f. 33, 34, 105.
Dactylus, 1, f. 10,11, 47.
Darwinii, 17, f. 76, 77.

dorsalis (Xylophaga, 2), f. 103, 104.

fragilis, 10, f. 92, 93.
globosa (Triomphalia, 1), f. 54, 55.

globosa (Xylophaga, 1), f. 101, 102.

Goodallii, v. papyracea.
Incii, 21, f. 45, 46.

lamellata, v. papyracea.
laqueata, 3, f.19, 20.
latissima, 16, f. 15, 16.
Lignorum, v. striata.
Loscombiana, v. papyracea.
Manille, 7, f. 17, 18.
melanura, 42, f. 78, 79.
multistriata, 28, f. 35, 36.
nana, Vv. striata.

obtecta, 34, f. 80, 81.
Orientalis, 4, f. 3, 4.

ovata, 26, f. 71, 72.
papyracea, 37, f. 66.

parva, 6, f. 31, 32.
pulcherrima (‘Triomphalia, 2), f. 58, 59.
pusilla, v. striata.

quadra, 40, f. 62, 63.
quadrizonalis, 23, f. 88, 89.
rivicola, 33, f. 90, 91.
semicostata, 31, f. 84, 85.
similis, 8, f. 12, 13, 14.
spathulata, 35, f. 69, 70.
striata, 29, f. 40,41, 42, 43, 44.
striata, V. papyracea.
Teredinzformis, 18, f.97, 98.
tridens, 39, f. 60, 61,
truncata, 12, f. 29, 30.
tubifer, 41, f. 64, 65.

MONOGRAPH OF THE GENUS

NERITINA.

Char. Gen. Molluscum trachelipodum plerumque fluviatile.
Testa plerumque tenuis, subglobosa, epidermide induta; dorso
rotundato ; ventro subplanulato; apertura semicirculari; labio in-
terno ad marginem plerumque dentato, labio externo intus levi-
gato. Operculum semicirculare testaceum, unidentatum, nucleo
subterminali.

A genus of spiral univalves, almost always found in fresh water,
and covered with an epidermis; of a globose form, with a half-
circular aperture, the inner edge of which is nearly straight. The
inner lip is broad, and generally flat; the outer lip is always
smooth. The operculum is semicircular, testaceous, with the
nucleus near the lower end, and a tooth at the side, which fixes
under the inner lip. Although the shells of this genus are nearly
all fresh-water, comparatively thin, covered with a thickish epi-
dermis, and smooth within the outer lip, while the Nerite are
marine, solid, with a very thin epidermis, and generally crenulated
within the outer lip, the separation of the two genera may, per-
haps, be regarded rather as one of convenience than as resting on
any solid grounds. It will be found that many of the following
species are described rather comparatively than positively: this is
done from a conviction of the former mode being the best for
facilitating their recognition.

1. Nerrrina ovaxis (pl. cxi. f. 121, 122), Sowerdy, Pro.
Zool. Soc., 1849.

N. testa transversé ovata, exts nigra, inttis cinered ; spira nulla,
apice terminali, aperturd ovali magna; labio externo confluente,
labio interno septiforme, complanato, aurantio, margine obscuris-
simé crenulato. Operculo nigro, radiato.

More regularly oval than the other patelliform species, with the
apex quite termmal. Outside black, rather rough; inside blueish,
excepting the columella, which is orange. It is flat, septiform, and
very obscurely crenulated at the edge.

Mr. Cuming’s collection.

508

2. Neritina pinatata (pl. cxi. f. 123, 124, 125), Brod.,
Zool. Pro., 1832; Conch. Ill. f. 11.

“N. testa ovato-truncaté, dorso convexo, albido-fusca, lineis
nigris angulatis reticulata; spird obliqué incurvi; labro tenui
superné sub-biauriculato ; labio subarcuato, denticulato.”

Of a semiglobose form, flat at the side of the aperture, and
convex outside; with the inner lip septiform, the outer lip widely
auriculated at the extremities, and the spire nearly terminal. The
outer surface is pale, reticulated with dark angulated lines.

Tahiti; adhering to stones in rivers. Cuming.

3. Neritina cariosa (pl. exit. f. 126), Gray, Wood, Supp.
t. 8. Nerita, f.9. N. Nuttali, Recluz.

N. testi N. dilatate simili, sed extis nigra, apertura alba,
labio interno tumido, auriculis magis expansis.

Similar in form to V. dilatata (Sp. 2), but with the outer surface
perfectly black, the aperture white, with the inner lip swelled,
and the auricles, especially the upper one, more spread; oper-
culum black. In the Conch. Ilust., at f.5, this species was, by
mistake, named NV. caffra; but it was afterwards rectified in the
catalogue of species.

Sandwich Islands; on stones in small streams.

4, Nerrrina Sanpwicuensis (pl. exi. f. 127, 128), Deshayes,
Lamarck, Anim. s. vert. New Kdit., vol. vii., p.579. N. Mauritii,
Recluz, MS.

N. testi. NV. dilatate simili, sed magis depressi, extis nigra,
intiis cere’ ; margine sinistro labii imterni oblique truncato.

Resembling WV. didatata (Sp. 2), but flatter, with the margin of
the inner lip oblique, and the upper angle rather sharp. Inside
blueish ash, outside black. The mistake committed in the Conch. Il.
(afterwards corrected), in naming fig. 5 NV. caffra, instead of WV.
cariosa, led M. Deshayes to give the above name to our figure of
the latter species. We imagine, however, from the description, that
M. Deshayes had before him specimens of the shell to which we
now apply it.

Sandwich Islands, and the Mauritius.

5. Nerina auricunata (pl. cxii. f. 129, 130), Zam. Anim.
s. vert. Ii. M. p. 455. f. 6.

N. testa ovali, transverse substriaté, dorso elevato, rotundato ;

509

apertura complanata ; spird subobtecta, subterminal ; labio externo
margine acuto, ad latera in auriculis angulatis expanso ; labio in-
terno septiformi, lavigato.

The back more rounded and elevated than in most of the patel-
liform species, with the apex nearly terminal, and the margin of
the aperture spread at the juncture of the outer and inner lips into
angular auricles. The species here figured agrees much better with
the figure in the ‘Encyclopédie Méthodique,’ quoted by Lamarck,
than the one figured in the Conch. [llust., which M. Deshayes
has named WV. Lamarchit.

New Holland.

6. Neririna vespertina (pl. ex. f. 131, 132), Nuttadd.

N. testa WV. awriculate simili, sed dorso multiim magis depresso,
auriculis laté expansis.

Like NV. awriculata (Sp. 5), but much more depressed, and
having the auricles very broadly expanded.

“ Sandwich Islands; on stones in small streams.’

7. Nerrriva Tantrensts (pl. exi. f. 133, 184), Lesson.

N. testé N. auriculate simili, sed auriculis rotundatis.
Differmg from WV. auriculata (Sp. 5) in having the auricles

rounded, so as to give the entire aperture a more oval form.
Tahiti; on stones in small streams. Cuming.

8. NERITINA BICANALICULATA (pl. cxui. f. 135, 136, 137),
Recluz, MS. Mus. Cum.

N. testa N. auriculate simili, sed magis transversé elongata,
magis patelliformi, columelli septiformi magis elongati; apice
terminali; auriculis canaliformibus.

More patelliform and depressed than NV. awriculata (Sp. 5),
with the apex quite terminal. The auricles at the juncture of the
inner and outer lips are narrow and hollow.

“sland of Luzon; on stones in small ponds.” Cuming.

9. NERITINA CREPIDULARIA (pl. exiil. f. 189-144), Lamarck.
N. Touranensis, Souwleyet. N. violacea, Gmel.? N. melanostoma,

Troschel, Phil. Abbild. und Besch. Conch., t. i. f. 18.

N. testa transversé ovali, epidermide induta, plerumque pallidé
fulva, fasciis et lineis fuscis vel violaceis reticulata ; spira brevissima,
anfractu singulo subobtecto; apertura magna, carneola, vel violacea;

3U

510

margine integro, ovali; labio externo crasso, expanso; labio in-
terno crasso, septiformi, margine serrato.

Transversely oval, with the lips of the aperture confluent on
one plane, and the columella septiform. The lips are thickened
and expanded, and in some instances include the whole shell in
their oval diameter. The general resemblance of this Neritina to
a Crepidula is remarkable.

Ceylon; Bengal. Var. NV. Zouranensis is from Tourano.

10. Nerirrmva suBauricutata (pl. cxii. f. 138), Recluz,
MS. Mus. Cum.

N. testé WV. crepidularia simili, sed labii interni margine sinistro
in auriculam obtusam producto.

The inner lip is produced into an auricular angle at its upper
junction with the outer hp. ‘The shell, which has an ashy pur-
ple aperture, in other respects resembles WV. erepidularia (Sp. 9).

On the trunks of the palms growing in brackish water on the
Isle of Negroes. Cuming.

ll. Nerrrina pepressa (pl. ex. f. 147, 148), Benson.

N. testa WV. crepidularia simillimi, sed columella minus elevata,
labio externo superné subdepresso.

The specimens are generaily of a more lengthened oval than
those of WV. erepidularia (Sp. 9), and the outline of the outer lip
is more depressed at the upper part.

Calcutta.

12. Nerina Siquiorensis (pl. cx. f. 145, 146),
Recluz, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1843, p. 198.

N. test WV. crepidularia simili, sed transversé magis elon-
gata, spird obtecti, labio externo superné depresso.

The left margin of the inner hip is not raised, as it is generally
in advanced specimens of JV. crepidularia (Sp. 9); the shell is
longer, and the body-whorl behind the columella more contracted
than in that species, to which, however, it bears a strong resem-
blance.

“Tsland of Siquijor, in a small stream.” Cuming.

13. Neririna puLLiesra (pl. cxi. f. 65, 66), Linn. Syst.
Nat. ; Zam. Chemn. Conch. t. ix. pl. 124. f. 1078, 9.

‘
N. testa crass, transversé ovata, exttis epidermide crass nigra
induta; spird nulla; apice subdepress’; apertura magna; labio

511

externo superné extenso, ad apicem in costam elevatam producto,
interné aurantio; labio interno cinereo, callo arcuato, in medio
complanato, ad marginem leviter dentato, vix arcuato.

Transversely oval, with large aperture, and no spire, the outer
lip elevated into a ridge above the apex. The inner lip is broad
and flat, with an elevated callus on the body-whorl ; its mer edge
is scarcely curved, and very slightly dentated. The external sur-
face is covered with a dark olive epidermis ; the columella is ash-
coloured, and the inside of the outer lip orange.

Molluccas; Zam. Cagayan, Misamis, Island of Mindinao,
Philippines, on stones in a deep river ; Cuming.

14, Neririna Powitsstana (pl. cxiu. f. 149), Recluz, MS.
Mus. Cum.

N. testa transversé ovata, levigata, fasciis alternatim interruptis
picté; spird celaté; apice depressi; apertura magna, albi; labio
externo superné extenso, ad apicem in costam elevatam producto ;
labio interno complanato, margine levi. Operculo rubro-nigricante.

A very pretty little shell, resembling WV. pud/igera in form, but
narrower, with the outer surface marked by alternately interrupted
bands of red and black ; the mouth white, and the mner lip free
from callus, and not dentated.

New Ireland; in a mountain stream, on stones. Hinds.

15. Nerina Knorri (pl. cxi. f. 78, pl. exiii. f. 150),
Recluz, Rev. Zool., 1841, p. 274.

N. testa WV. pulligere simillima, sed transversé plus elongata,
labio externo ad apicem decumbente.

Rather longer in the transversely oblique direction than J.
pulligera (Sp. 13); and the upper part of the outer lip not raised
into a ridge as in that species.

Island of Negroes; in a mountain stream, on stones. Cuming.

16. Neritina Perri (pl. cxi. f.77), Recluz, Rev. Zool.,
1841, p. 873.

N. testa WV. pulligere simili, sed apertura fusci, margine superné
et inferné rotundato.

Similar to NV. pulligera (Sp. 13), but the edge of the aperture
rounded and confluent; the mouth is deep, and of a brown
colour.

Island of Mindinao, Philippines; on stones in a deep river.
Cuming.

3U 2

512

17. Nerina Becxtr (pl. cix. f. 13), Reeluz, Rev. Zool.,
1841, p. 275.

N. test NV. pulligere simili, sed nigra; labio externo ad apicem
decumbente, labio interno subconvexo.

Resembling WV. pulligera and N. Knorrii, but differing from the
former in the absence of the raised ridge on the apex, and from
both in the columella being rather convex. The outside is black,
and the margin of the outer lip is banded with deep orange.

18. Nerina canauis (pl. ext. f. 75, 76), Sowerby, senr.,
Tank. Cat. no. 1094. Conch. Hl. f. 22.

“N. testa ovati; spird brevissima, obtecté; labio externo in
canalem ad sinistram inclinatam producto ; labio columellari auran-
tiaco, obsoleté subdenticulato ; epidermide nigerrima.”

Of the same form as NV. pudligera, but the left side of the inner
lip not at all callous. The epidermis is very thick and black ;
there is a curve in the upper part of the outer lip, which is raised
into a ridge at the apex; there is a grove between the outer lip
and the upper part of the columella.

Tahiti; on stones in a rivulet. Cuming.

19. Neririna Brueureri (pl. exiv. f.159), Recluz, MS.
Mus. Cum.

N. testa WV. canal simillimad, sed transversé magis elongata ;
labio externo superné undato, ad apicem decumbente.

Longer in the transversely oblique direction than NV. canadis ;
the upper margin of the outer lip has a sinus or undulation, as in
that species, but is not raised in a ridge on the apex.

New Ireland; on small stones in a rivulet. /inds.

20. Neririna asperuata (pl. cxiv. f. 160, 161), Recluz.

N. testa transversé ovali, scabros4, epidermide crassa, fusca,
induti; spiri complanata, sublaterali, anfractu singulo ad suturam
carinato; apertura magnd, pallidé aurantii; labio externo intus
incrassato ; labio interno septiforme, complanato, margine edentulo.

Transversely oval, finely scabrous, covered with a thick brown
epidermis ; with the spire flattened and lateral, consisting of one
whorl, which is keeled at the suture. The aperture is large, of a
pale orange colour, with the outer lip thickened inside, and the
iner lip septiform, with a smooth edge.

“On small stones in a rivulet, Island of Luzon.”

Cuming.

a

»

513

21. Nerirma acuteata (pl. cx. f. 32, 33, 34), Gmelin,
3686. Chemn. t. x. pl. 169. f.1642. N. sulcata, Wysé.

N. testi transversé ovali, extts epidermide olivaced induta ;
costis transversis moniliformibus, nonnunquam spinosis, ornata ;
spird laterali, plana, obtecté ; apertura magni, margini fulva, intis
ceruled ; labio externo laqueato, superné oblique extenso ; labio
interno subplanulato, purpureo, margine irregulariter dentato.

Of a hemispherical shape, the external surface covered by
an olive-green epidermis, and having beaded ribs, upon which
more or less rarely there are raised, sharp spines. The apex is
small, lateral, and nearly hidden. The aperture is large ; the colu-
mella septiform, purplish, and irregularly toothed.

Island of Sumatra.

22. Neritmna squamaricra (pl. cxi. f. 79), Recluz, MS.,
Mus. Cum.

N. testa crassi, obliqué, transversé ovati, extis lineis griseis
squamiformibus per fascias tres picté, epidermide tenui olivaced
induté; apertura ovali, albij; labio externo superné sinuato, ad
apicem undatim extenso, spiram obtegente ; columell’ complanata,
dentaté. Operculo griseo radiato, ad marginem aurantio.

More oblique and lengthened than NV. Petitiiz, &c. The spire
is hidden by the outer lip, which proceeds from it in a curved line,
and is sinuated at the upper part. The inner lip is flat, toothed
at the margin. The outside is marked by squamiform lines, shaded
off at the back, and strengthened in three bands. The operculum
is beautifully radiated with grey bands.

Tsland of Luzon; on stones in a rapid river. Cuming.

23. NERITINA SANGUINEA (pl. cxiv. f. 162), Sowerby, junr.,
Pro. Zool. Soc., 1849.

N. testi crassi, transversé ovaté, extts lineis griseis squami-
formibus, per fascias tres picti, epidermide tenui olivaced induta ;
apertura ovali, sanguinea; labio externo superné substnuato, ad
apicem extenso, spiram obtegente ; columell4 complanata, margine
levi.

Resembling NV. squamapicta, but with the upper part of the
outer lip less sinuated, and the edge of the columella smooth.
The outer hp and columella are of a reddish-brown colour.

New Ireland ; on stones in mountain streams. Hinds.

514

24. Nerrrina Morto (pl. exiv. f. 163), Sowerby, Pro. Zool.
Soc., 1832, p. 201.

“N. testa subovali, transversim striaté, atrd; apertura palles-
cente ; columellé superné emarginati, in medio denticulaté. Long.
0° 7’; lat. 0° 75’ poll. Hab.: ad Insulas Polynesias.”

Transversely oval and striated, black outside, pale fawn in the
aperture. The spire, consisting of two or three whorls, is flat.
The operculum is granulated. The teeth on the columella are
very obtuse. Altogether, the shell has much more the appearance
of a Nerita than that of a Neritina.

On coral reefs at Ducie’s and Haster Islands, South Seas.
Cuming.

25. NeERitTiIna Lasiosa (pl. cxi. f.80), Sowerby, Conch. Ill.
f, 48,

N. testi crassd, transversé subovali, extis epidermide viridi,
lineis et maculis nigris picté, indutéi; spud depressi; apertura
fusci, magni, laté, margine confluente; columelli recedente, ob-
liqué complanaté, margine dextro levigato. Operculo carneolo,
margine corneo.

Of the same principle in make, but not of an oval form, as in
N. Petitii. The spire is very small, the aperture large, and its
margin continuous on the same plane. The external surface is
crossed by irregular fine striz in both directions.

Island of Luzon, Philippines; on stones in a rapid river.
Cuming.

26. NERITINA FLUVIATILIS (pl. cxv. f. 178-186), Linn, Syst.
Nat. p. 1253, var. f. 80. N. intexta, Vid/a. f.189. N. zebrina,
Recluz, Rev. Zool., 1841, p. 341. f. 178. N. Polaponensis,
Recluz, MS., f. 184. N.numidica, Recluz, Rev. Zool., 1841,
p- 346. £179. N. Hildreichi, Schwerzend., f.182. N. mittre-
ana, Recluz, Rev. Zool., 1842, p. 181. f. 183. N. thermalis,
Boubée. N. sardoa; N. trifasciata, Menke.

N. testa transversé elongata, levigata, varié pict; spirad parva,
vix elevaté; apertura magna, semilunari; labio interno levi, sub-
concavo.

Generally much lengthened in the transversely oblique directiqn,
with the body-whorl, and consequently the aperture, very large
in proportion to the spire, which is small. The columella is septi-
form, slightly concave and smooth at the edge. It was not until

515

after the most anxious examination of numerous specimens that
I concluded to unite the various synonyma above enumerated, to
the description of this species. The British varieties are well
known; of the foreign varieties, var. Het/dreichii is found in the
Lago di Garda, Italy ; var. cebrina, at Montpellier ; var. Polapo-
nensis, ab Morea ; var. aumidica, in the “ Vallée de Tiri & Oray;”
and several varieties are found in Sicily ; var. mittreana is found in
France ; var. ¢thermadis in hot springs in the Pyrenees ; var. sardoa
is from Sardinia; and var. ¢r7fasciata in the ditches at Milan.

27. Nerirtna TRANSVERSALIS (pl. exiv. f. 151, 152), Ziegler.
Rosmasler, Icon. pl. 7. f. 121.

N. testi WV. fluviatili simili, sed magis ovali; labio interno sub-
calloso ; colore cceruleo, trifasciato.

Of a more simply oval form, with generally a smaller spire, and
the left edge of the inner lip slightly callous. The outer lip does
not exhibit the same tendency to spread at the lower part. The
colour is ashy, with three very obscure dark transverse bands.
Operculum of a reddish colour.

28. Neritrna sucoinea (pl. cxiv. f. 153, 154), Recluz, Rev.
Zool., 1841, p. 343.

LN. testa WV. fluviatiii simili, sed spira complanata ; colore suc-
cineo.
A minute, amber-coloured shell, of the general form of J.
fluviatilis, but with the spire flatter.
Guadaloupe.

29. NERITINA MERIDIONALIS (pl. cxv. f. 187-190), Philippi,
Enum. Moll. Sicil. p. 159, no. 3. pl. ix. f. 13 var. N. inqui-
nata, Morelet, var. f. 189, N. lutescens, var. N. Philippi,
Recluz, var. N. Beetica, Lam. Anim. s. Vert. vi. p. 188. N.
Moreleti, Recluz. N. elongatula, Morelet.

N. testa transversé subelongata, levi, varié pictd vel nigra;
spira exsertiuscula; apertura semilunari; labio interno levi, com-
planata ; labio externo superné subdeclivo.

Although some specimens of even the British variety of NV.
fluviatilis approach this species in form, yet the prevailing form
of the two are different, this being less elongated, and having the
upper part of the outer lip much more sloping. On examiming
a large number of specimens I fully concur with M. Philippi in
uniting several of the above synonyma with this species; and I

516

also think that the others must be included, as the variations, even
among specimens of the same varieties and localities, are almost
infinite.

The principal varieties, and var. WV. Betica (Lamarck), are
Sicilian; var. WV. iagquinata is found at Hstremadura; var. JV.
lutescens, at Cephalonia; and var. N. Moredeti, in Portugal.

30. Nerirviva Danustensis (p. exiv. f. 155, 156), Sadler,
Sowerby’s Conch. Ilust., f. 47; var. f. 156. N. serratilineata,
Ziegler.

N. testa WV. fluviatih simi, sed anfractu ultimo subquadrato,
hneis angulatis longitudinaliter picta.

The specimens vary, but there is a greater tendency to angula-
rity of outline, and the outer lip is not so much extended as in
N. fluviatilis, with some forms of which, however, it is in close
affinity. In the variety (f. 156) named J. serratilineata, Ziegler,
from the Lago di Como, Italy, the linear markings are beauti-
fully angulated, and in the original variety, from the Danube,
they are more straightened.

31. Nerrriva carinata (pl. exiv. f. 157, 158), Koch.

N. testi NV. Danubiensi simili, sed ultimo anfractu superné
carinato.

The angularity of outline observed in the typical variety of
N. Danubiensis is increased in this species so as to form a keel on
the upper part of the whorl. The markings are in a longitu-
dinal direction, more or less angulated. ‘The aperture tends to
yellow.

32. Neririna reticutata (pl. exi. f. 74), Sow. Pro. Zool.
Soc., 1882 ; Conch. IIL. f. 2.

N. testa crassa, transversé ovali, striaté, lineis nigris reticulata ;
spira brevi; apertura alba, magni; labio externo crasso; labio
interno angusto, margine obtuse dentato, in medio arcuato. Oper-
culo nigro.

A much more solid shell than WV. fluviatilis, &c., with the
mouth not so large in proportion to the body. The outside is
transversely striated, and marked with reticulated black lines.
The inner lip is narrow, arcuated, with blunt teeth. The opercu-
lum black.

Lord Hood’s Island, South Seas; on sand, brackish water.
Cuming.

517

33. Nerrrma oprusa (pl. cxi. f. 72, 73), Benson.

N. test& transverse ovali, leviter striata, epidermide subviridi
indutd; spird depress’, anfractibus duobus ; apertura magn, sub-
cinerea ; labio externo interne crassiusculo; labio interno com-
planato, recedente, margine sinistro obliqué acuto, margine dextro
m medio subarcuato, subcrenulato. Operculo cinereo.

Transversely oval, slightly striated, covered with a dingy olive
epidermis. The spire is rather flat, consisting of two whorls; the
body-whorl and aperture is very large. The left margin of the
columellar lip presents a sharp keel half-way up; the nght margin
slightly arcuated and crenulated in the centre. The muner edge
of the outer lip is thickened inside.

Banks of the Ganges, Calcutta.

34. Neritina Panayana (pl. exv. f. 191).

N. testa WV. obtuse simili, sed lineis griseis minuté angulatis
picta; labio externo magis expanso; labio interno concavo, mar-
gine leevigato.

Differing from JN. obtusa (Sp. 33) in the outer lip being more
spread at the upper part, and in the columella being smooth at
the edge and rather hollow. The outer surface is covered with
zigzag lines.

River Dingle, Island of Panay; on small stones. Cuming.

35. Nerirma busta (pl. cxi. f. 81-88), Chemn. Conch.
5. pl. 193. £2019, 2020. N. reticulata, Quoy e¢ Gaimard. N.
zebra, Chemn. t. 1x. p. 69. pl. 124. £1380. N.zebroides, Lesson.
N. Philippmarum, Sowerby’s Conch. Ill. N. fasciata, Lamarck,
Sowerby, Conch. Ill. f.35. N. bella, Busch, Phil. Abbild. t. 1. f. 8.

N. testé transversé subovali, subtenw, fuscd vel pallidé fulva,
fasciis et maculis nigris varié picti; spird rotundata, anfractibus
tribus ; apertura interné ad extremitates subcarinatd ; labio externo
imtts mecrassato ; labio interno complanato, levi, plerumque fusco.
Operculo griseo.

Rather oval transversely, rather thin, brown, with various black
markings; spire rounded, with three whorls; aperture with a
small raised edge within, at each extremity; and the inside of the
outer lip with a slight thickening. The inner lip is flat and
smooth.

River Pisag, Bay of Manilla; adhering to the piles of wharfs.
Cuming.

3x

518

36. Neritina cornea (pl. cxi. f.67, 70, 71), Linn., Syst.
Nat. xii. p. 1258. N. amphibia, Lesson, Voy. Coq. t. xi. 2me
part. N. ampullaria, Lesson. N. subsuleata, Sowerby, Conch.
Tl. £.50. N. Morio, Deshayes, in Lamarck. N. fasciata, Lam.,
Anim. s. vert. vill.

N. testa WV. dubia simillima, sed transversé subsulcata.

Differing from NV. dubia in being sulcated.

Mr. Cuming took specimens from leaves of palms, twenty feet
lugh, in woods, at Puerto Galero, Island of Mindoro.

37. Neritina serrutata (pl. exiv. f. 164), Reeluz, in
Cuming’s Collection.

N. test’ WN. dubia simillima, sed labio columellari dentato ;
colore nigro, lineis et punctis albis.

Resembling WV. dudia, but with the edge of the columella den-
tated. The colour is black, with white lines and spots.

Cape Palmas, Sumatra; on stones in a river. Cuming.

38. Nurivina aprata (pl. exiv. f. 165), Recduz, MS. in Mus.
Cuming.

N. testa WV. dubia simillima, sed spira magis productaé ; columella
obscure crenulata.

Like WV. dubia (Sp. 35), but with the spire more produced, and
the columella very obscurely crenulated.

Island of Negroes; on stones in a mountain stream. Cuming.

39. Neririna PrPERINA (pl. exiv. f. 166,167), Chemu., t. xi.
p. 173. pl. 197. f. 1905-6.

N. testi transversé ovali, glabri, epidermide tenui, subviridi in-
duté, maculis trigonis mgris picti; aperturd magna, fulva; labio
externo intts incrassato, superné obliqué extenso ; labio interno in
medio subtumido, margine dentato.

Transversely oval, shining, with a thin, greenish epidermis, and
large three-cornered black spots on the outside; aperture large,
yellow; outer lp extended at the upper part with an oblique
undulation ; inner lip slightly swelled m the centre, dentated at
the edge. The elegant specimen of which we give a front view
is in Mr. Hanley’s collection.

Locality unknown.

519

40. Neritiva GRANosa (pl. cxiv. f. 170, 171), Sowerby, Tank.
Cat. ; Conch. Ill. f. 6. N. papillosa, Jay, Cat. p. 117. t.4. f. 11.

“N. test4 rotundata, compressiusculé, subalata, alba, epider-
mide nigra induta, exttis granosi, granis per series ordinatis ; labii
extern margine crenulato; subtts planulata ; labio columellari lato,
aurantiaco, margine interno sinuato, edentulo.”

A large round shell, flat in front, and rounded at the back,
with the outer surface tuberculated, and covered with a thick black
epidermis ; the spire is lateral, and consists of scarcely more than
one turn; the aperture large, greyish, crenulated at the margin,
divided in the centre by a yellowish septiform columella, which is
slightly rounded on the left side, and smooth and arcuated at the
edge. Operculum reddish brown.

“ From a fresh-water stream in one of the South Sea Islands,”
Budgin. Also in mountain streams, Sandwich Islands.

41. Nerrrina tavissima (pl. cxiv. f.172, 173), Broderip,
Zool. Proc. ; Conch. Ill. f. 3, 16.

“N. testa rotundata, ventricosi, striis longitudinalibus, minutis,
creberrimis, fuscd luteo maculata, maculis numerosissimis ; labro
dilatato latissimo, spiram longé pretereunte; labio crenulato,
subluteo.”

Remarkable for the manner in which the outer lip is spread out
into a broad wing at each end. The outside is green or brownish,
reticulated, and in some specimens banded with black ; the colu-
mella is buff, half-moon-shaped, flattish, and obtusely crenulated
at the edge. Operculum blackish, with a horny reddish margin.

Adhering to rocks in the river at Realeijos.

42. Nuritina Owenrana (pl. exiv. f. 168), Gray, Wood’s
Suppl. f. 8.

N. testé NM. latissime simillimé, sed labio interno tumido,
margine labii externi inferni recurvo.

Resembling JN. Jatissima, but with the columella swelled out,
and the inferior spreading of the outer lip turned backwards.

Fernando Po; on stones in small streams. Frazer.

43. NeRITINA INTERMEDIA (pl. exiv. f. 169, 174, 175, 176),
Sowerby, senr., Pro. Zool. Soc., 1832, p. 201. N. globosa, Broderip,
et N. tritonensis, Le Gwillon.

“N. testa suborbiculari, olivaceo-fuscd, nigro reticulata’; dorso
subgibboso ; labio externo intts levi, albicante ; labio columellari
subflavo, planulato, margine centrali ruguloso.”

3X2

520

We cannot recognize any specific difference between WV. cnter-
media ad N. globosa, and both are so peculiarly formed as to
present the idea of WV. /atissima, with the expansions only com-
mencing their development.

On stones in a mountain stream in the Island of Lions, Bay of
Monteja. Also in a rivulet at San Lucas, in the Gulf of Nocoya,
Central America.

44, Nerrrina Guayaquitensis (pl. exiv. f. 177), D’ Orbigny.

N. testi WV. intermedia simili, sed spiri exertiusculi; labio
interno breviusculo, subtumido.

Resembling WV. intermedia, but more globose, and with the
inner lip shorter and tumid.

Realeijos, Guayaquil. Cuming.

45. Neririna punorutata (pl. exv. f. 192), Zam., Anim. s.
vert. ; Conch. Il. f. 21.

N. testa subglobosa, epidermide tenui induta, maculis subviridi-
bus seriebus obliqquis nigro marginatis picta ; spira subcelata ; apice
rotundato ; ; aperturd magni; labio externo iterné albo, margine
superné fluctuato, ad suturam extenso, canalem formante ; labio
interno subplanulato, fulvo, superné angusto, margine in medio
dentato.

Rather globose, with white spots, showing greenish through the
thin epidermis, and margined with black lines; spire nearly
hidden; apex of the shell rounded; aperture large; outer lip
white within, with the margin curved at the extended upper part,
so as to form a canal; inner lip nearly flat, yellowish, narrow at
the upper part, broad below, dentated at the centre of the edge.

Jamaica; on stones in small rivers. P. H. Gosse.

46. Nerrrina Arra (pl. exv. f. 193), Sowerby, Conch. Il.
f.39. N. Africana, Recluz, Revue Zoologique.

N. testi V. punctulate simili, sed anfractu ultimo minori, apice
angustata.

This species presents the idea of a specimen of NV. punctulata
taken in a soft state and pinched up at the apex, so as to narrow
the upper part of the aperture, and make the body-whorl less in
proportion to it.

Fernando Po. Frazer.

521

47, Neritina Casstcuum (pl. exv. f. 194), Sowerby, Conch.
Tllust. f. 55.

N. testa subglobosi, epidermide viridi induté, maculis inequa-
hibus, nigro-lineatis, obscuré triserialis ; sub epidermide variegata ;
spird obtusd, anfractibus subrotundatis quatuor; aperturd semi-
circulari; labio externo superné declivo, margine crassiusculo ;
labio interno aurantio, subtumido, margine minuté denticulato.

Of a globose form, slightly inclining to oval, with an olive-
green epidermis, under which may be seen numerous black lines,
angulated so as to leave white, triangular spots, which are larger
in three bands across the shell; spire obtuse, consisting of four
whorls; aperture semicircular, with the outer lip slightly thick-
ened, and the columella inclining to orange, narrow, swelled, and
minutely crenulated on its nearly straight edge.

Locality unknown.

48. NERITINA TRISERIALIS (pl. cxv. f. 195, 196), Sowerby,
junr., Conch. Hl. f. 60?

N. testi subquadrati, cinered, maculis albis nigro marginatis,
precipué seriebus tribus variegat’é; spird planiuscula, anfractibus
angulatis ; apertura alba ; labio externo subexpanso, superné angu-
lato; columella semilunari, subcomplanatd, minute crenulata dente
unico obtuso.

Rather square, flattish in front, grey, with black-edged white
spots, so arranged as to form three bands lighter than the rest of
the shell; spire rather flat; whorls angulated above; aperture
wide; columella dentated.

Locality unknown.

49. Nurivina TRITONENSIS (pl. exv. f. 197, 198), Le
Guatton, Rev. Lool., 1841, p. 345. N. Dringti, Recluz, MS.

N. testa obliqué ovali, glabra, viridi vel rubescente, fasciis et
punctis luteis varié picti; spird parva, anfractibus declivis tribus ;
apertura cinered ; labio externo ad spiram declivo ; columella cre-
nulata et bidentata.

More oval longitudinally than NV. Sowerdii, with the outer lip
more sloped at the upper part. Of the smaller specimens named
N. Dringti, 1 Mr. Cuming’s collection, by M. Recluz, one is
transversely banded, and another longitudinally striped.

New Ireland, &. B. Hinds, Esq. R.N. Var. N. Dringii,
Hanover Bay, North Australia, by J. #. Dring, Esq., RN.

522

50. Nerrrmva Sanpatina (pl. cxv. f. 199), Recluz, Rev.
Zool., 1842, p. 76.

“N. testa semiglobosi, interdum subovata, subsuturd compresso-
strangulata, fusco-nigra. tenuiter striati; apice convexo-obtuso ;
apertura albido-lutescente; labio plano, margine vix arcuato et
obsoleté denticulato ; labro patulo, superné depresso, lined nigra
marginato.”

Of a semiglobose form, with the whorls rather depressed near
the suture; the aperture wide, with the upper part of the outer
lip extended towards the spire; inner lip very slightly curved
and obsoletely dentated.

Sandal Bay; on stones in mountain streams.

51. Neritiva Perrorerriana (pl. exv. f. 200, 201), Recluz,
Rev. Zool., 1841, p. 337.

“N. test& ovati, semiglobosi, fusco-nigricante, tenuissimé
striata; anfractibus tribus, ultimo superné coarctato ; spird brevi,
convexi, obtusata; labio plano, albido, in medio vix arcuato ob-
soletéque crenato.”

A small, black, semiglobose shell, with the spire nearly hidden ;
the aperture blueish, with a semicircular, flat, buffish columella.

“Sur les Monts Nielgherries, la cdte de Malabar;” Recluz.
Ceylon; Dr. Grayham.

52. NeRirina LONGIsPINA (pl. cx. f. 62, 63), Recluz, Rev.
Zoologique, 1841, p.312. N. corona, Lamarck, Anim. s. vert.,
Non Linneus.

N. test& obliqué ovali, levi, epidermide nigr&é induté, obscuré
nigro fasciati, spinis elongatis, nigris, recurvis coronata ; apertura
magni, margine posticé prominente, ad suturam subcanaliculato ;
labio interno plana, aurantid, margine levi, in medio emarginato ;
spird brevissima, anfractibus parvis, compressis, paucis, ultima
maxima posticé versus suturam subrotundata.

This common species, which is named in most cabinets WV.
corona, Linn., on the authority of Lamarck, does not in reality
agree with the figures quoted by Linneeus, nor with the shells in
his collection. It is large, obliquely oval, with a dark blackish
brown epidermis, through which black bands are seen. The spines
are long, and turned backwards. The aperture is large, the inner
lip septiform and orange-coloured, without teeth.

On stones in small streams ; Island of Rodriguez. &. B. Hinds.

5238

53. Neririna spinosa (pl. cx. f. 61, 64), Budgin, Sowerby,
Tank. Cat., no. 1102.

N. testa MW. dongispine simili, sed spinis brevioribus, plus
numerosis ; anfractibus spire plus elevatis, ultim’ minis expans4;
apertura anticé subangulaté; epidermide pallida, striis nigris fas-
ciata.

Like WN. longispina (Sp. 52), but with shorter and more
numerous spines; the whorls of the spire more elevated, the last
whorl not quite so large; the aperture slightly angular anteriorly ;
the epidermis a pale olive-green, with very sharply marked black
bands.

From Tahiti. Cuming.

54, Nuririna Rectuzrana (pl. ex. f. 56, 57, 58), Le Guallon,
Rev. Zool., 1841, p. 345.

N. testé obliqué subovali, nigra, maculis luteis picté, spinis
breviusculis recurvis coronaté; spira brevi, anfractibus angulatis ;
apertura’ magna, alba, subobliquaé; labio externo inferné subpro-
ducto, superné ad suturam depresso ; labio interno obliquo, sub-
complanato, margine in medio arcuato, dentato.

The aperture is sometimes expanded so as render the whole
figure as obliquely oval as NV. Zongispina, but the whorl above the
spiniferous angle is always more rounded; the columella is gene-
rally narrower, but in one specimen of the spineless variety it is
broad and swelled; the outer surface is black, with orange spots.

Onstones in small streams ; New Ireland. 2. B. Hinds, Hsq., R.N.

: 55. Neririna corona (pl. cx. f. 46-50; Var. mutica, pl. cix.
f.1, 2), Linnaeus, Syst. Nat. ‘Nerita,’ no. 720. N. montacuta,
Recluz, Zoological Proceedings, 1842, p. 174. N. brevispina,
Lam., Sowerby’s Conch. Ill. f. 8, a, 4, ¢.

N. test& obliqué subquadrata, longitudinaliter subplicata, epider-
mide tenui induta, fasciis et maculis varié pict ; spird planiuscula,
anfractibus quatuor, superné angulatis, ad angulum spinis attenu-
atis plus minusve recurvis coronati ; aperturd mediocri, plerumque
alba; labio externo inferné vix angulato; labio interno angusto,
subcomplanato, margine in medio arcuato, superné et in medio
obtusé dentato.

Of a squarish form, externally plicated, and variously spotted
or banded; spire flat, consisting of four whorls, which are angu-
lated and coronated with middle-length, tapering spines ; aperture
middle-sized, with the outer lip simple, having a tendency, parti-

524

cularly when young, to be angulated at the lower part ; columella
obtusely dentated, having a sinus in the centre. The figures re-
ferred to, and the specimens in the Linnean collection, point to
this species as being the true WV. corona of Linneus.

Island of Burias, Philippines ; on stones in small rivers. Cuming.
The spineless specimen figured (pl. cix. f. 1, 2) is from Western
Africa.

56. Nerivrna BREVISPINA (pl. cx. f. 45, 51, 52), Lamarck,
Anim. s. vert., New Ed., vol. vin. p. 572.

N. testd WV. corone simillimd, sed spinis brevioribus, crassiusculis,
truncatis ; apertura magis contracta ; colore rubescente, lineis nigris
et maculis albis picti.

A thicker shell than WV. corona (Sp. 55), with the aperture smaller
and yellowish; the spines thicker and truncated ; the colour red-
dish, with black longitudinal lines, which are arcuated so as to
leave small whitish spots.

Philippines. Cuming.

57. Neririna suBGRANOSA (pl. ex. f. 835-38), Sowerby, Conch.
fi. f.44. N. ruginosa, Recluz, Rev. Zool., 1841, p. 310.

N. testa WV. corone simillima, sed sulcis longitudinalibus nigro
et albo marginatis rugulata, subviridi, anfractibus ad suturam
elevatis.

Resembling WV. corona (Sp. 55), but with longitudinal fluctuating
grooves, which are edged by black and white interrupted lines.
The whorls are elevated at the suture. The spineless variety, f. 35,
is the same as that figured for the species in Conch. Ill. f. 14.

58. Nuririna aspersa (pl. cx. f. 43, 44), Recluz, MS.

N. testi W. corone simili, sed minuté rugulata, extis nigra,
punctis minutis albis sparsd, interné subviridi, ad basin columelle
obliqué unicarinaté; apertura inferne angulata.

Resembling WV. corona (Sp. 55), but with the surface roughened
by minute undulations, and an oblique keel behind the lower part
of the columella. The colour is black, sprinkled with minute
white specks outside, and greenish inside. The aperture is more
decidedly angulated, especially when young, than NV. corona. We
have figured one specimen which has two rows of spines, some of
them double: this is accidental.

Sandwich Islands. Mr. Cuming’s Collection.

525

59. NerRitiIna opscurata (pl. cix. f. 28, 29), Recluz, Rev.
Zool., 1842, p. 183.

N. test&é WV. corone simili, sed crassiore ; epidermide crassi,
nigra vel fusca nigro bifasciaté; labio externo ad suturam magis
elevato, plicis longitudinalibus magis zegularibus et distantibus.

A more solid and smooth shell than WV. corona (Sp. 55), with the
outer lip more turned up towards the suture, and the plice more
regular, distant, and smooth.

Mindinao, Philippines. Cuming.

60. Nerirmna Soutnyetana (pl. cx. f. 59, 60), Recluz, Rev.
Zool., 1842, p. 182.

“N. testi ventricoso-globosi, tenuiter striata, nitidaé, nigra,
lineis longitudinalibus, seepiis undulatis, ornata; anfractibus tribus,
ultimo superné spinis maculatis instructo; spiri prominula; apice
decorticato ; apertura rotundata, basi vix dilatata, flavicante ; labio
angusto, plano, medio concavo, superné calloso, anticé subrecto,
unidentato et obsoleté ruguloso.”

I copy the description by Recluz, because the only specimen I
have seen is young, and has but one spine. Although the shell
seems to combine many characters of other spinose species, it does
not seem exactly like any one of them.

From the Marquesas.

61. Neririna Benearensis (pl. cix. f. 30, 31), Chemn., x1.
pl. 197. f. 1911?

N. testé globosd, ponderosa, levi, epidermide fusc4 induta,
maculis pallidis picté; spird subplanulatd, pane obtecta, anfractu
ultimo ad suturam nigro fasciato, superné angulato, ad angulum
plerumque brevispinoso; in medioventricoso; labio externo superneé
angulato, labio interno superné calloso, inferné subplanulato ;
margine dentibus in medio quinque parvis, uno crasso obtuso,
deinde superné tribus parvis obtusis.

This species differs from others of the spinose section in having
the spire nearly hidden, and being ventricose in the middle of the
whorls. The angle is sometimes coronated with distant black
spines. The shell is smooth, with large pale spots on a greenish
ground, showing through a brownish epidermis.

Bengal.

62. Neritina Dtapema (pl. cx. f. 41, 42), Recluz, Revue
Zoologique, 1841, p. 277.
N. testa WV. corone simili, sed levigati.
3Y

526

Like N. corona (Sp. 55), but smooth.

Philippines ; on stones in small streams. Cuming.

63. Nerivina sPINIFERA (pl. cx. f. 53, 54), Recluz, Revue
Zoologique, 1842, p. 183.

N. testa NV. corone simili, sed levigaté, obliqué subelongata ;
spiri subconicd ; colore rubescente, maculis albis trigonis seriatim
oblique picta.

Smooth, and more oblique, with the spire more elevated, than in
NV. corona (Sp. 55). The spines are thinner. The painting con-
sists of white angulated spots in obliquely crossed rows on an ob-
scurely reddish ground.

Philippines. Cuming.

64. Neritina Donovana (pl. cx. f. 39, 40), Recluz, MS.

N. testi N. corona simili, sed levigati, longitudinaliter sub-
ovali, spird elevatiusculd ; apertura superné magis angulatdi; colu-
mellA anticé unisulcaté; colore rubescente, maculis albis trigonis
serlatim positis, seu viridi, lineis undulatis longitudinalibus.

Smooth, and witha more conical spire than JV. corona (Sp. 55),
with the aperture angulated at the lower part; distinguished from
N. spinifera (Sp. 63) by the latter character, and by a small semi-
circular groove at the lower part of the columella.

Island of Guimaras; on stones in a small rivulet. Cuming.

65. Neririna InTERRvPTA (pl. cix. f. 11, 12), Recluz, MS.

N. test&é globoso-subquadrata, pallidé luted, levigata, lineis
viridibus interruptis picta ; apice obtuse conico ; anfractibus tribus,
superne oblique ad spiram elevatis; apertura obliqué, mediocri ;
labio externo superné obliqué extenso, inferné rotundato; colu-
melli angusté, complanaté, superné callosi; margine in medio
emarginato, obtusé unidentato, et minuté crenulato. Variat fasciis
luteis duabus.

Of a globose, but slightly quadrate form, smooth, light yellowish,
with green, interrupted, close lines ; apex rather conical ; aperture
of middle size, with the columella rather narrow, flattish, but
callous near the upper part; outer lip thin, raised obliquely
towards the spire. I should not be surprised to see specimens of
this with spines, as it has much of the character of the spimiferous
species.

Island of Luzon; on stones in a rapid river. Cuming.

527

66, Nerrrma Broonor (pl. exv. f. 204), Recluz, Pro. Zool.
Soc., 1843, p. 200.

N. testi WV. interrupte simili, sed solidiore, lineis continuis,
apertura alba, columella tumida.

No essential difference can be traced between this species and
N. interrupta, excepting that it is a more solid shell, and has the
columella tumid. The aperture is white, and the greenish limes
are less distinct, and not imterrupted.

Island of Luzon; on stones in a mountain stream. Cuming.

?

67. Neririna squamosa (pl. cix. f. 26, 27), Recluz,

N. testa obliqué subquadrati, tuberculis trigonis luteis rugulata,
inter tubercula rubra griseo trifasciata ; spird exsertiuscula, anfrac-
tibus angulatis, superné subplanulatis ; apertura obliqua ; labio ex-
terno subrotundato ; columelld albi, margine crenulato, in medio
dentibus magnis duobus obtusis. Operculo cinerascente.

Obliquely quadrate, with triangular yellow tubercles, reddish,
with three blackish bands between the tubercles; the whorls are
angulated, rather flat above the angles; the columella has two
large, rather biunt teeth near the middle of the edge, with small
crenulations between them.

Island of Negroes; on stones in a mountain stream. Cuming.

68. Nerirmna crrcumvouovta (pl. exv. f. 202, 203), Recl.—?

N. test globosi, subleevigatd, fulva, maculis minutis sparsa,
nigro trifasciaté; spiri parva, apice obtuso, anfractibus subrotun-
datis, ad suturam tumidis; apertura obliqua, albida ; labio interno
subplanulato, superné calloso, ad marginem dentibus duobus ob-
tusis et crenulis minutis. Operculo nigro.

Of a roundish form, with very little of the spire visible; of a
light brownish colour sprinkled with white and blackish spots,
with three black bands, one at the suture, near which, when full-
grown, the whorl is swelled; columella flattish, callous near the
suture, with two blunt teeth, and minute crenulations on the
margin.

Island of Negroes; on stones in a mountain stream. Cuming.

69. NERITINA AVELLANA (pl. cix. f. 9,10), Reclwz, Rev.
Zool., 1842, p. 76.

“N. testé subglobosa, crassiuscula, roseo-violaced, maculis albis
anterilis nigro marginatis, sagittatis, crebris, 3- seu 4-fasciata ;
sutura lacted, maculis nigris arcuatis alternis laté cinct&é; spira

3 Y 2

528

planulata ; aperturd albi; labio plano, angusto, margine arcuato et
ruguloso.”

Rather square, with the spire rather flattened, and the whorls
obtusely angulated above; colour tending to rose, with white
spots, black-edged, and the epidermis light green. It is quite
possible that this may be a spineless variety of VV. crassispina.

Phihppine Islands. Cuming.

70. Nerirma Soversiana (pl. cix. f. 5-8), Recluz, MS.

N.testa NV. avellane simili, sed subplicata, varie picta; anfractibus
vix angulatis, super angulum magis elevatis ; labio externo declivo.

Not so square in form as NV. aved/ana, with the upper part of
the whorls more elevated, and the outer lip more sloping; the
external surface is slightly plicated. On one specimen there are
one or two spines.

Island of Luzon; on the stony bed of a small river. Cuming.

71. Neririva rueata (pl. cix. f. 3, 4), Recluz, Rev. Zool.,
1842, p. 75.

N. testa obliqué subovali, nigra, tuberculata ; spira celata, apici
obtus4 ; aperturd alba, obliqué subovali; labio externo rotundato,
superné declivo; labio interno, semilunari, subcomplanato, in
medio ad marginem crenulato et bidentato.

Rather obliquely oval, black, tuberculated, with the spire con-
cealed ; aperture white, obliquely oval; outer lip rounded, sloping
towards the spire; inner lip rather flat, dentated and crenulated
at the edge.

Island of Negroes; in mountain streams. Cuming.

72. Nerirra cexata (pl. cxv. f. 205), Recluz.

N. testa WV. znterrupte simili, sed solidiore; spira celata, an-
fractu viridi fasciato ; apertura cimerea.

More solid than WV. zaterrupta (Sp. 65), and differing from NV.
bicolor (Sp. 66) in having the spire concealed by the last whorl,
which is striped with green.

South Sea Islands.

73. Nerivina suBpunctata (pl. exv. f. 206), Recluz, Pro.
Zool. Soc., 1843, p. 199.

“N, testa semiglobosd, olivaceo-fusci, tenuiter rugata; rugis
punctis nigrescentibus seriatis notatis ; sub epidermide alba, nigro
reticulata; anfractu unico, supra medium anguloso; apice perfo-

529

rato; apertura extis subrotundata, intis albo-cinerascente ; labio
semilunari, plano, superné calloso, margime in medio tenuiter
arcuato et crenulato; dente cardinali majore, truncato.”

M. Recluz, in describing this species, expresses a probability of
its being a variety of his WV. bicolor ; if, however, our specimen is
characteristic, it is much more quadrate than that species, having
more of an angle at the upper part of the whorl; and there is a
difference in the upper part of the outer lip, which, in N. dccolor,
is more curved towards the suture.

“Sinait, province of North Hocos, Island of Luzon ; in a small
mountain stream.” Cuming.

74. Neririna ottvacea (pl. exv. f. 207, 208), Guwad., Rev.
Zool., 1841, p. 344. N. solida, Recluz,

N. testi N. subpunctate simili, sed obliqué magis elongata,
columella planiuscula, aperturd subquadrata, epidermide olivacea
vel nigra.

More lengthened in an oblique direction, and more quadrate,
than NV. subpunctata, with the columellar callosity near the suture
scarcely prominent. ‘The colour is even, of an olive-green, or, as
in the variety named NV. solidum, nearly black.

Island of Luzon; on stones in a rapid river. Cuming.

75. Neririna cHLorostoma (pl. cxv. f. 216), Broderip,
Pro. Zool. Soc., 1832, p. 201.

““N. testé suborbiculari, elliptici, olivaceo-fuscé, nigro reticu-
lata, subfasciaté ; apertura intus flava; labii columellaris margine
obtusé unidentati, rugulosa.”

Nearly orbicular, with the whorls slightly angulated, purplish
or greyish, obscurely banded and reticulated with black ; aperture
yellow, with the outer lip obtusely angulated above; the columella
narrow, slightly tumid near the juncture of the outer lip, with the
margin crenulated, and one rather large blunt tooth near the centre.

Tahiti; at the mouth of a small stream, at times covered with
salt water. Cuming.

76. Neritina Micuavpi (pl. exii. f. 108, 109, and pl. cxv.
f. 217, 218 *), Recluz, Rev. Zool., 1841, p. 315.

“N. testa subglobosa, tenui, olivaceo-fuscescente, lineolis nigres-

* Repeated in consequence of an oversight.

530

centibus angulato-flexuosis pict; spira erosd, obliquissima ; aper-
turd rotundata, albido-cerulescente ; labio angusto, planulato, in
medio vix arcuato et crenulato ; labro superné subarcuato, anteritis
subtruncato.”

Of a globose form, thin, with zigzag lines on a greenish-brown
ground ; aperture rounded, with the inner lip narrow, scarcely
arched in the middle, and crenulated.

Panama. Cuming.

77. Nerrrmna prota (pl. exvi. f. 267-269), Sowerby, senr.,
Pro. Zool. Soc., 1832, p. 201.

“N, test subglobosa, cinerascente, maculis, sphacelis vittisque
diversimodo picté; labio interno castaneo.”

Subglobose, greyish, variously painted with black lines or reti-
culations and whitish spots. There is a peculiar enamel-like ap-
pearance about the external surface ; the columella is invariably of
a chestnut colour, rather swelled, and obscurely crenulated at the
margin.

Panama; on a mud-bank, partially overflowed with fresh water.
Cuming.

78. Nerina FaBa (pl. exv. f. 219-221), Sow., Con. Ill. £.10.

N. testa subquadrato-globosa, laevigata, rufescente, fasciis trans-
versis nigris, vel fasciis obliquis viridibus vel violaceis, et interstitis
flavidis varié picté; spira parva, anfractu ultimo obtusé angulato ;
labio externo anticé subproducto, superné subelevato ; labio interno
minuté crenulato, vix arcuato.

Resembling J. picta, but with the columella neither swelled
nor of a chestnut colour, and the spire rather more hidden.

79. Neririna PULCHELLA (pl. exv. f. 209-211), Recluz, MS.

N. testa WV. fade simili, sed quasi-subcylindricd, minuté picta ;
apertura subcontracta.

There is a peculiar cylindrical character in the form of this
species, and the aperture is, as it were, drawn in all round. We
have varieties of a dark green, reddish, or brownish ground,
minutely grained with white specks.

Island of Luzon; on stones in a small stream. Cuming.

80. Nuritina pupa (pl. cxi. f. 68, 69, pl. cxv. f. 212), Linn.
Syst. Nat. p. 1253. N. tristis, D’ Ordigny, inclusa.

N. testa obliqué ovali, levi, alba, lineis nigris longitudinalibus

531

strigata vel reticulata, vel nigra, punctis albis ; spira exsertiuscula,
anfractibus superné declivis; apertura plerumque luted, obliqua ;
columella angustata, margine crenulato.

Resembling W. faba and N. pulchella; more obliquely oval, with
the spire more produced, although obtuse; the aperture is rather
narrow, yellow, with a narrow, flattish, dentated columella; ex-
ternal surface white, with black, angulated lines, or reticulated
with black, or as in the variety named WV. ¢ristis by D’Orbigny.

West Indies.

81. Nerirma Jorpant (pl. cxv. f. 213-215), Sow., Conch.
Illust., f.49. N. Elleppenensis, Recluz.

N. test subglobosa, levi, nigré albo variegata, vel alba lineis
purpureis fluctuatis pictd; spird exsertiusculd, anfractu ultimo ad
suturam subtumido, prope medium plus minusve contracto ; aper-
tura posticé subcontracta, anticé subexpansd ; labio externo prope
suturam subangulatim elevato.

Of a globose form, inclining to oval, with a tendency to con-
traction in the middle of the last whorl or nearer the upper part.

River Jordan.

82. Neririna Macrt (pl. exvi. f. 222), Recluz, MS.

N. testa subovali, nigra; spird exsertiuscula ; apertura obliqua,
labio interno subtumido, griseo, levi.

Resembling the darker variety of WN. Jordani, but having no
tendency to contract in the middle of the last whorl.

Asia Minor. Capt. Spratt, RN.

83. NERITINA ARCTILINEATA (pl. exvi. f. 223, 224), Recluz,
MS.

N. testa obliqué subovali, grisea, lineis subpurpureis undulatis
picta; spird parva; apertura subexpansa; labio interno obliquo,
aurantio, subplanulato, levi.

Of an obliquely subovate form, grey, with purplish, undulated
lines; spire short; aperture rather expanded; columella semicir-
cular, flat, orange-coloured, smooth.

Locality unknown.

84. Nerivina anatorica (pl. cxvi. f. 225, 226), Recluz,
Rev. Zool., 1841, p. 342.

“N. testa subovata, violacea, tenué striati; spird brevissima,

532

rotundato-obtusa, apice minimo, laterali; labio subobliquo, albido-
cerulescente, inferné dilatato, subconvexo, margine recto, acuto.”

Of an oval form, violet, scarcely striated; spire short, rather
obtuse ; outer lip slightly obtuse, blueish within ; columella semi-
circular, flattish, straight, and smooth. Some specimens, marked
by M. Recluz as N. Africana, which are lineated with purple,
but much worn, we take to be a variety of this.

Smyrna.

85. Neririna viripis (pl. cxvi. f. 229, 230), Linn., Syst.
Nat. p. 1254.

N. testa obliqué oval, levi, viridi, albo maculata ; spira obtusa ;
apertura ellipticd, labio externo anticé producto; columella semi-
circulari, plerumque tumida ; margine in medio crenulato et paulu-
lim arcuato.

A small, pea-green, smooth, obliquely oval shell, with the outer
lip produced near the base, and the columella semicircular, gene-
rally swelled, slightly arcuated and crenulated in the centre.

Sicily, the Antilles, Guadaloupe, and Cuba.

86. Nerirmya Ranetana (pl. exvi. f. 227, 228), Recluz,
Rev. Zool., 1841, p. 339. N. viridis, var. major, Rang. N.
pallida, Risso.

N. testa NV. viridi simillima, sed anfractu ultimo superné an-
gulato, testé plerumque majore, lineis albis et rubris seriatim
variegata.

Differing from JW. viridis in the angularity of the last whorl,
and consequently of the outer lip at the upper part; the outer
surface is ornamented by several series of red-edged white lines,
which are largest above the angle.

Madagascar. ecluz. Dumaguete, Island of Negroes; on
stones in a small stream. Cuming.

87. Neririna Luctvosa (pl. cxvi. f. 231), Recluz, Rev. Zool.,
1841, p.317. N. rarispina, var. Recluz? N. siderea, Gould.

N. parva, nitidé, subglobosa, nigra; spira exsertiuscula ; aper-
tura elliptic’; columellé angustata, luted, plana.

A small, smooth, subglobose shell, with an obtuse, but slightly
elevated spire, and a narrow, yellowish, fiat columella, which is
nearly straight and smooth at the edge, but has above the centre
a rather prominent tooth.

533

88. Nerivina rectivata (pl. cxvi. f. 240, 241), Say——?
N. macrostoma, D’Orbigny. N. Floridana (?), "Shutileworth.

N. testa obliqué subconicd, solida, levi, subolivaced vel nigres-
cente, minutissimé nigro lineata ; spira exsertiuscula, apice obtuso,
sutur’ nigro lineata, anfractu ultimo infra medio ventricoso ; aper-
turd semicirculari, labio externo superné declivo, inferné producto,
ad juncturam recedente, intis incrassato ; columellé oblique semi-
circulari, plerumque albido, validé omnino calloso, ad marginem
in medio subarcuato, dentato.

Taking this as the type of a small series of species, which have
at least one character in common, that is, the bulging out, as it
were, of the lower part of the last whorl over the aperture, we
shall point out wherein the succeeding species differ from it.
The bulging out of the last whorl increases the appearance of
receding in the outer lip, where it joms the body of the shell.
This species is rather conical, with the spire somewhat produced,
but obtuse; it is smooth, of a lighter or darker greenish colour,
with very fine black undulating lines, and one spiral line at the
suture; the outer lip is, as it were, pmched in near the suture
and the lower junction, and is thickened near the edge. The
columella is very tumid, generally slightly tinted with orange at
the left margin, and obtusely dentated at the right.

Vera Cruz, Mexico; on stones in rivers.

9. Nerina Virernta (pl. exvi. f. 232-239), Linn., Syst.
Nat., p. 1254. no. 730. N. Braziliana, N. Leachu, &c., Recluz.

N. testa obliqué subconici, solida, levi, coloribus diversis varie
fasciata, punctata, lmeata, fasciata vel reticulaté: spird subconica,
antractibus anticd subgibbosis ; apertura obhqua, antice subpro-
ducti; columella’ gibbosi, margine crenulato.

T cannot see any reason for changing the name of this well-
known species, even if there should be some shght cause to doubt
the correctness of the application which has been so generally
adopted from Lamarck. ‘The species of Linnzeus were not gene-
rally well defined, and we may, therefore, well admit an identifi-
cation which has been generally received, in the absence of proof
positive to the contrary. Nor do I see the propriety of separating
the varieties which have been labelled by M. Recluz in Mr.
Cuming’s collection with the names quoted above, unless, indeed,
we were prepared to take every specimen and name it as a species :
no two individuals bemg exactly ahike. We might be almost
disposed to include WV. rectivata in this species, but the upper

32

Dd4

part of the whorls bemg more conical, and the peculiarity of
marking being constant in the former, we think it will always be
recognized with facility. In the Alcence of any real definition of
the word species as applied to shells, we should generally be
guided in our divisions by the facility with which a specific dis-
tinction would be recognized.

West Indies, Brazil.

90. Nerirmva Merrontana (pl. exvi. f. 242-246), Recluz,
Pro. Zool. Soc., 1843, p. 71. N. Oualanensis, Lesson. N. nebu-
lata, Recluz.

N. testi N. Virginia simili, sed magis subglobosi, anfractu
ultimo superne subangulato.

The variety, f. 246, N. Oualanensis, Recluz, is thinner and
generally smaller than the other variety; the variety V. uebulata,
Recluz (£243), is larger, and marked with scales as in WV. mclea-
gris, but we can only ‘distinguish the three frou WV. Virginia by
one character which they have in common, which is, that a)
are rather more globose, and have a very Sunt, rounded angle a
the upper Re of the whorls.

Var., f. 246, Oualay, Sandwich Islands, and Port Essington ;
£242, 4, 5, VW. Mertoniana, Island of Negroes ; on stones in a small
stream; var. V. nebulata, ditto. Cuming.

91. Nerina Listers (pl. exvi. f. 249-251), Pfeiffer.

N. test WV. Virginia et N. rechvate simili, sed multim magis
globosa, spird plana.

More globose than N. Virginia and N. reclivata, with the
whorls of the spire not at all produced. Some varieties of V. Vir-
ginia occur which are almost equally globose; but in these the
spire is more produced.

The large specimen, f. 249, is from Cuba; the other variety
is from St. John’s river, Nicaragua.

92. NERITINA MELEAGRIS (pl. cxvi. f. 252, 253), Lamarck,
Chemn., 124. f. D. L.

N. testi NV. Virginie simili, sed magis globosi, minis obliqua,
spird subconici sed mints producta.

More globose and less oblique than WV. Virginia; the spire,
although conical, much more central, and less produced; the
upper part of the last whorl being more elevated, but not so much

so as in WV. Mertoniana. The markings are in scales. The spire
is not so flat as in MN. Laster.
Honduras Bay. Dyson. Also Sumatra.

93. Neririna Anatensis (pl. cxvi. f. 247, 245), Recluz, MS.

N. testa obliqueé ovali, tenui, fulva, lineis nigris undulatis ob-
secure pictd; spird subconicd, anfractibus declivis, ultimo ad sutu-
ram subtumido, sub medio ventricoso ; apertura’ subtrigond ; labio
externo superné declivo, anticée producto ; columellé alba, semicir-
culari, tumida.

Rather oval, but obliquely ventricose at ithe base, and tapering
towards the spive, which is rather produced; the shell is thin, of
a greyish brown colour, reticulated with black lines; the columella
is white, semicircular, and swelled.

Portugal.

94. Nerina Avansoniana (pl. exvi. f. 254, 255), Recluz,
Rev. Zool., 1841, p. 318.

N. iesté WV. Anatensi simili, sed crassiore, apice obtusiusculo,
anfractibus ad stituram magis twnidis.

Like N. Anatensis (Sp. 93), but more obtuse, thicker, with the
whorls more tumid near the suture.

Senegal.

95. Nerrrina GLABRATA (pl. exvi. £.256-263), Sowerby, junr.,
Pro. Zool. Soc., 1850.

N. test& parva, obliqueé ovali, glabra, plerumque pallidé fulva,
lineis fasciisque rubris vel migris varie pict; spird obtusi, apice
obtuso, sublaterali, anfractibus vix duobus, ultimo superné declivo,
inferné obliqué subgibboso; apertura parva, semilunari, bicanali-
culato ; labio externo superné declivo, inferné obliqué producto ;
columella expansd, laevigata, rotundati, gibbosi, albi. Operculo
parvo, corneo, subgriseo.

A beautiful hittle shining shell, variously banded, lineated, and
spotted with white, black, and red, on a light fawn-coloured
ground. It is remarkably oblique, with an obtuse spire of scarcely
two whorls, and the aperture small, obliquely produced at the
lower part; the columella is white, smooth, and gibbous, in ex-
pansion forming about three-fourths of a circle.

There are many specimens of this elegant and very distinct
species in Mr. Cuining’s Collection ; but the locality is unknown.

322

536

96, Neririna reticuLarts (pl. cxvi. f. 264-266), Sowerby,
Conch. Hl. f. 44. Sp. 51. Var. N. capillulata, Gould.

N. test’ subconicd, levi, pallidé fulva, rufescente, epidermide
tenul, subvinidi induté, lineis angulatis transverse reticulata ; spird
plerumque exsertiusculd, apice subcomplanato, anfractu ultimo,
supra suturam angulatim elevato, infra medium ventricoso ; aper-
turd subcontracté, labio externo superné declivo, infra medium
producto, columella tumida, margine sublevigato.

The shell varies considerably i in form, but the upper part of the
last whorl is more or less obtusely angulated, so as to give a flat-
ness to the apex of the spire; the apex is rather contracted at the
suture, but produced at the lower part; the columella is very
gibbose. Altogether the shell is less gradually sloped than J.
reclivata, and the markings are less close and reticulated trans-
versely. The variety named NV. capillulata (f. 266) is generally
shorter, and the markings less distinct.

Calcutta. Var. V. capillulata, Burmah.

97. Neririna Linnoxata (pl. exu. f. 101, 102), Lam., Anim.
s.vert. Neritina, Sp. 14. Hae. d/et., pl. 455. f. 4, a, 6, Sowerby,
Conch. Ill., f. 37.

N. test& solidd, subglobosa, levi, epidermide subviridi induta,
lineis elongatis nigris flexuosis picté; spira exsertiuscula, anfracti-
bus superné declivis, inferné ventricosis ; apertura albidd, labio
externo anticé rotundato ; columella obliqua, subgibbosa, obscuris-
simé subcrenulata.

A thick, solid, subglobose, smooth shell, covered with an olive-
green epidermis ; the spire obtusely conical ; the upper part of
the whorls narrow, sloping, the lower part veutricose ; the colu-
mella is thickened, very obscurely crenulated at the 1 inner margin,
very distinctly defined on the body-whorl. In the variety figured
in the Conch. Llust., the black, longitudinal, fluctuated lines are
narrower and more numerous than those in the other variety.

98. Nerrrina soprina (pl. cxu. f. 100), Recluz, MS. N.
Zebra, Sowerby, Conch, Ul. f. 31, non Lamarck.

N. testa V. Zincolate simili, sed magis globosi, spird magis ob-
tusi; labio mterno minis distincto, labio externo intis incrassato.

More globose than WV. “ineolata, with the spire less produced ;
the markings are broad and angulated.

537

99. Neririna srrroiata (pl. oxi. f. 98, 99), Mectuz, MS.

N. test’ N. Uineolate simili, sed magis globosi, obscurissime
longitudinaliter striaté; spird magis centrali, anfractibus superné
mints declivis ; columell’ validé crenulatéi; testa pallidiore, lineis
sparsis, interrupts.

More globose and less oblique than NW. dineolata (Sp. 97), with
the columella more decidedly crenulated. The longitudinal striz
are scarcely visible to the unassisted eye. The markings are
minute, few, and interrupted.

100. Neritiva Gacates (pl. cxu. f. 1038, 104), Lam., Sow.
Conch. IIL, f. 29.

N. testa globosi, solida, levi, epidermide crassa, nigra induta,
sub epidermide angulatim nigro lneati; spird brevissima ; aper-
turf alba, laté; columella tumida, semilunari, margine vix crenulato.

Very globose, thick, smooth, covered with a thick, black epi-
dermis, beneath which zigzag black markings may be seen. ‘The
aperture is wide, white, and the columella swelled, white, gene-
rally edged with pale orange. The specimen represented (f. 104)
with a scarcely-formed epidermis, 1s in the collection of S.
Hanley, Hsq.

Island of Sumatra; on stones. Cuming.

101. Nurrrma Carvra (pl. ext. f. 111, 112), Wood, Suppl.
pl. vii. f. 10.

N. testa VW. Gagatz simili, sed spira conica, labio externo superné
declivo.

Resembling NV. Gagates (Sp. 100), in some degree. This species
has been confounded with it; but it 1s much more conical, and
the upper part of the outer lip more sloping.

Mauritius.

102. Nerrrma Suri (pl. exii. f.117, 118), Gray, Sow.
Conch. Ilust. f. 9. N. undata, Deshayes.

N. test& globoso-subconica, crassa, levi, alb’, maculis et fasciis
lineisque longitudinalibus, flexuosis, interruptis pict, epidermide
tenui induta; spird conicd, anfractibus superné declivis, inferné
rotundatis ; apertura subobliqua ; labio externo inttis incrassato ;
columella tumida, fusco tincti, ad marginem denticulata, in medio
denticulata. Operculo nigro.

Of a more or less conical form, with the upper part of the

538

whorls gently sloped, thick, white, with strong black, longitudinal,
undulating, and interrupted lines and bands; columella thick,
with an orange brown tint near the outer edge, the immer edge
toothed, with a short sinus in the centre ; operculum black. Of the
two specimens figured, one is more and the other less conical than
the average.

Banks of the Ganges, Calcutta.

103. Nerirmva communis (pl. cix. f. 14-25), Quoy et Gaim.
Voy. Astrol. N. elegantina, PZilippi, Abbildungen, p. 25. t.1.f. 3.

N. test& ovali, subconici, VW. Smithii simili, sed anfractibus
minis rotundatis, labio externo prope suturam elevato ; columella
minus tumida, vix arcuati; epidermide tenuissima; testa varie picta.

Of a more oval form than N. Smithii, with the slope of the
spire more gradual; the columella is not nearly so gibbous, and
scarcely arched; the outer lip has a shght elevation near the
suture, is thinner and rather more expanded ; the external surface
is variously painted.

Island of Siquijor, Phiippmes; on stones in a small stream.
Cuming.

104, Nerrrma puumBea (pl. exu. f. 119, 120), fecluz, MS.
N. Nux, Brod.?

N. testa N. communi simili, sed magis globosi; apertura
majore.

A more ventricose shell than NV. communis, and with a larger
aperture. The typical variety is of a leaden colour; another is
of a lemon tint, and the other is olive, with dark broad bands.

Island of Bohal, Philippines. Cuming.

105. Nurivina Zepra (pl. cxu. f. 96, 97), Lam., Anim. s.
vert. Nerita, no. 4.

N. testa globosi, subconici, glabra, epidermide crassa mduta,
fasciis perobliquis picté ; apertura magna, labio externo itis in-
erassato ; columellé subgibbos’, in medio paulultm arcuati, den-
ticulata.

Of a subglobose form, with the spire inclining to conical, not
very thick, covered with a rather thick epidermis, through which
very oblique black bands are seen, ‘The aperture is large; the
outer lip thin near the edge, but thickened within; the columella
of a dull smoky-brown colour, not much thickened, slightly
arched in the centre of the edge, and denticulated.

Tahiti.

539

106. Nerina Tourtons (pl. exu. f. 92, 93), ——?P

N. testa WV. Zebra simili, sed aufractibus prope suturam depressis ;
columellé complanata, castaned.

Resembling WV. Zebra, but with the whorls rather depressed
near the suture, and the columella rather flat, and of a chestnut
colour.

New Iveland. &. B. Hinds, Esg., RN.

107. Nerirtna turrira (pl. exi. f. 91, 118, 114), Chemn. ix.
t. 124. £1085. NN. strigilata, Lam. Var. (f.91) N. Royssiana,
Recluz.

N. testi N. Zebre simillima, sed magis conic’, spiri magis ex-
serti, labio interno tumido, carneolo.

Resembling WV. Zebra, but with the spire more produced,
and the umer lip more tumid. ‘The variety (f. 91) named J.
foyssiana, Recluz, and figured in the Conchological Mustrations
as NV. strigilata var., is smaller, and has the black markings very
small and angulated.

Madagascar.

108. Nerirma semurcontca (pl. exi. f. 116), Lam., Anim. s.
vert. Sow., Conch. Ill. f. 23.

N. testi NV. Zebre simili, sed magis conici, solidiore, labio in-
terno tumido, carneolo ; NV. turrite stmili, sed magis ovali, maculis
nigris in fasctis tribus picta.

This is so distinctly recognizable as a species of Lamarck, that
we do not push our scruples to the extreme against admitting a
specification which has so little beyond arrangement of colour to
sustain it. The shell is like \. ¢wrrita, but rather more solid,
and has the slope of the spire more gradual. The three bands of
dull grey are marked by angular black spots.

Banks of the Ganges, Calcutta.

109. Nuritrina putcHra (pl. cx. f. 89, 90), Sow., Conch.
Ti i2b9.

N. testa WV. Zebre simili, sed columelli subcomplanata, vix
crenulati, fulvo tincta, epidermide translucidé, rubro et nigro
varié picta.

The columella is flattish, scarcely crenulated, with a touch of
yellowish colour. Under the somewhat transparent epidermis
may be seen a broad-meshed reticulation of red in two bands and
black in three.

Panama. Cuming.

540

110. Nerrrina Zrozac (pl. exu. f. 105, 106, 107, 110),
Lamarck, Anim. s. vert. N.Coromandeliana, Recluz, Incl.

N. testa NV. Zebra simili, sed solidiore ; columelli magis tumida,
epidermide tenui, lineis et “fasciis obliquiis varie positis.

More solid than V. Zebra, with the columella more tumid. The
black markings are very variously placed. The variety from Coro-
mandel (f. 110) has angular spots placed diagonally. In the
absence of certain identification, we follow Dr. Philippi, im ap-
plymg the name to this species.

Tahiti, Manilla, and the Island of Luzon, Philippines. Cuming.

111. Nerrrmva Cuvrnrana (pl. exii. f. 94, 95), Recluz, Rev.
Zool., 1841, p. 338.

N. testa WV. Smithii simili, sed apertur’ majore, anfractibus su-
perné elevatis ; columellé subcomplanata, rubro marginata ; colore
griseo maculato et nonnunquam fasciato.

Differmg from N. Smithii in the largeness of the aperture, the
flatness of the red-margined columella, and in the arrangement of
colours; it approaches nearer to N. communis, from which it
differs principally m the shape of the spire, the upper part of the
whorls being depressed close to the suture, and then slightly

elevated.
New Ireland. &. B. Hinds.

112. Neririna Cumtnetana (pl. ex. f.115), Recluz, Rev.
Zool., 1842, p. 77.

N. test’ WV. ¢turrite simili, sed solidiore, longe magis conica,
anfractibus quatuor validis, declivis.

Resembling NV. ¢urrita in the characters which distinguish that
species from N. Zebra, and differmg from it in being still more
conical, having four deep and gradually increasing whorls. The
shell is also more solid, and the epidermis thin.

Island of Siquijor; on stones in mountain streams. Cuming.

113. Nerrrmva avrerrtma (pl. exvi. f. 270), Koch, Phil.
Abbil¢stoted. ll.

N. testa globoso-subconicd, nigri; spira exsertiusculd, anfrac-
tibus propé suturam subexcavatis; apertura obliqua, albi, labio
interno subcomplanato, ad marginem in medio paululum emargi-
nato, minuté dentato ; labio externo subtits subproducto.

Rather nearly resembling WV. caffra (Sp. 101), next to which it

541

should be placed; but with the columellar lip not at all tumid,
the spire more produced, and having a much stronger excavation
near the suture.

114. Nerrrina Gurverti (pl. exvi. f. 272), Recluz, MS.

N. test transversé subovali, solida, nigr4, transversé striata ;
spiri, depress’, apice planulato; aperturd magna, flavidai; labio
interno planulato, minuté dentato; labio externo subexpanso.

Rather solid, black, transversely striated, of an oval form, with
depressed spire, and should come near V. Morio (Sp. 24). The
aperture is yellow, with the inner lip flat, the outer lip rather
expanded.

115. Neririna tueusris (pl. exvi. f. 271), Philippi, Abbil-
dungen, 1 band, 2 hef., p.20. Neritina, pl. 1. f. 9.

N. test& transversé subovali, nigra, levi; spird depress’, apice
plano; aperturd magna, ceruled; labio interno levi, planulato ;
labio externo subexpanso.

Less solid than V. Guinerit (Sp. 114), and should be placed
with it near NV. Morio (Sp. 24). The aperture is blue, with the
imner lip quite flat and smooth, and the outer lip expanded and
slightly angular near the lower edge; the external surface is
smooth and black.

Sandwich Islands. Phzlippi.

116. Nerrrina sorrpissima (pl. exvi. f. 273), Sowerby, junr.,
Pro. Zool. Soc., 1849.

N. testa subglobosd, solid’, migra, transversé striati; spira
depress’, apice planulato; apertura magna, albi; labio interno
planulato, margine recto, dentato ; labio externo superné et inferné
expanso, subangulato, intis incrassato.

This species presents the idea of NV. cariosa (Sp. 3), in an early
stage of growth before the full expansion of the outer lip; it is,
however, a much more solid shell; the inner lip is flat, and the
outer lip thickened within.

NERITINA

eee

LIST OF FIGURES IN PLATES CIX. to CXVI.

(The Figure after each name is the number of the Species.)

Mig. Pate CIX.
1, 2. N. corona, var., 55.
3, 4. — rugata, 71.
5-8. — Soverbiana, 70.

9, 10. — avellana, 69.
11, 12. — interrupta, 65.
13. — Becki, 17.

14-25. — communis, 103.

26, 27. — squamosa, 67.
28, 29. — obscurata, 59.

30, 31. — Bengalensis, 61.

Puate CX.

32-34. — aculeata, 21.
35-38. — subgranosa, 57.
39, 40. — Donovana, 64.
41, 42. — Diadema, 62.
4.3, 44. — aspersa, 58.

45, — brevispina, 56.
46-50. — corona, 55.
51, 52. — brevispina, 56.
53, 54. — spinifera, 63.
56-58. — Recluziana, 54.
59, 60. — Souleyetana, 60.
61. — spinosa, 53.
62, 63. — longispina, 52.
64. — spinosa, 53.

Prate CXI.

65, 66. — pulligera, 13.
67. —— cornea, 36,

Vig.

68, 69. N. pupa, 80.

70, 71.

— cornea, 36.

72, 73. — obtusa, 33.

74. — reticulata, 32.
75, 76. — canalis, 18.

V7. — Petitii, 16.

78. — Knorru, 15.

79. — squamapicta, 22.

80. — labiosa, 25.
81-88. — dubia, 35.

Prats CXII.

89, 90. — pulchra, 109.

91. — turrita, 107.

| 119,120

92, 93.
94, 95.

— Turtoni, 106.
— Cuvierana, 111.

96, 97. — Zebra, 105.
98, 99. — striolata, 99.
100. — sobrina, 98.
101, 102. — lineolata, 97.
108, 104. — Gagates, 100.
105-107. —— Ziezac, 110.
108, 109. — Michaudii, 76.
110. — Ziezac, var., 110.
111, 112. — Caffra, 101.
113, 114. — turrita, 107.
115. — Cumingiana, 112.
| 116. — semiconica, 108.
117, 118. — Smith, 102.

. — plumbea, 104.

Puarse CXIII.

Wig.

121, 122. N. ovalis, 1.

123-125. — dilatata, 2.

126. — cariosa, 3.

127, 128. — Sandwichensis, 4:.

129, 130. — auriculata, 5.

131, 182. — vespertina, 6.

133, 134. — Tahitensis, 7.

135-137. — bicanaliculata, 8.
138. — subauriculata, 10.

139-144. —— erepidularia, 9.

145, 146. — Siquijorensis, 12.

147, 148. — depressa, 11.
149. — Powissiana, 14.
150. — Knorru, 15.

Puate CXIV.

151, 152. — transversalis, 27.

153, 154. — succinea, 28.

155, 156. — Danubiensis, 30.

157, 158. — carinata, 31.
159. — Bruguieri, 19.

160, 161. — asperulata, 20.
162. — sanguinea, 23.
163. — Morio, 24.

164. — serrulata, 37.
165. — apiata, 38.

166, 167. — piperina, 39.
168. — Oweniana, 42.
169. — intermedia, 43.

170, 171. — granosa, 40.

172, 173. — latissima, 41.

174-176. — intermedia, 4:3.

177. — Guayaquilensis, 44.

Priatre CXV.
178-186. — fluviatilis, 26.
187-190. — meridionalis, 29.
191, — Panayana, 34.
192. — punctulata, 45.

[aos

cs

Nig.

193. N. Afra, 46.

194. — cassiculum, 47.
195, 196. — triserialis, 48.
197, 198. — tritonensis, 49.

199. — Sandalina, 50.
200, 201. — Perrotettiana, 51.
202, 203. — circumvoluta, 68.

204. — bicolor, 66.

205. — celata, 72.

206. — subpunctata, 73.
207, 208. — olivacea, 74.
209-211. — pulchella, 79.

212. — pupa, 80.
213-215. — Jordani, 81.

216. — chlorostoma, 75.
217, 218. — Michaud, 76.
219-221. — faba, 78.

Pirate CXVI.

222. — Maeri, 82.
223, 224. — arctilineata, 83.
225, 226. — analotica, 84.
227, 228. — Rangiana, 86.
229, 230. — viridis, 85.

231. — luctuosa, 87.
232-239. — Virginia, 89.
240, 241. — reclivata, 88.
242-246. — Mertoniana, 90.
247, 248. — Anatensis, 93.

249-251. — Listeri, 91.
252, 253. — meleagris, 92.
254, 255. — Adansoniana, 94.

256-263. — glabrata, 95.
264-266. — reticularis, 96.
267-269. — picta, 77.

270. — aterrima, 113.
. — lugubris, 115.
272. — Guinern, 114.
3. — solidissima, 116.

544

ALPHABETICAL INDEX.

aculeata, Sp. 21, f. 32-34.

Adansoniana, 94, f. 254, 255.

Afra, 46, f. 198.

Africana, v. Afra.
amphibia, v. cornea.
ampullaria, V. cornea.
Analotica, 84, f. 225, 226.
Anatensis, 93, f. 247, 248.
apiata, 38, f. 165.
arctilineata, 83, f. 223, 224.
aspersa, 58, f. 43, 44.
asperulata, 20, f. 160, 161.
aterrima, 118, f. 270.
auriculata, 5, f. 129, 130.
avellana, 69, f. 9, 10.
Beetica, v. meridionalis.
Beckii, 17, f.13.

bella, v. dubia.
Bengalensis, 21, f. 30, 31.

bicanaliculata, 8, f. 135-137.

bicolor, 66, f. 204.
Braziliana, v. Virginia.
brevispina, 56, f. 45-52.
brevispina, V. corona.
Bruguieri, 19, f. 159.
celata, 72, f. 205.
Caffra, 101, f. 111, 112.
canalis, 18, f. 75, 76.
capillulata, v. reticularis.
carinata, 31, f. 157, 158.
cariosa, 3, f. 126.
cassiculum, 47, f. 194.
chlorostoma, 75, f. 216.

circumvoluta, 68, f. 202, 203.

communis, 1038, f. 14-25.

cornea, Sp. 36, f. 67, 70, 71.
Coromandeliana, v. Ziczac.
corona, 55, f. 1, 2, 46-50.
corona, V. longispina.
crepidularia, 9, f. 139-144.
Cumingiana, 112, f.115.
Cuvierana, 111, f. 94, 95.
Danubiensis, 30, f. 155, 156.
depressa, 11, f. 147, 148.
Diadema, 62, f. 41, 42.
dilatata, 2, f. 123-125.
Donovana, 64, f.39, 40.
dubia, 35, f. 81-88.
elegantina, V. communis.
Lllepenensis, v. Jordani.
elongatula, v. meridionalis.
faba, 78, f. 291-229.
fasciata, v. dubia.

Jasciata, v. cornea.
Floridana, v. reclivata.
fluviatilis, 26, f. 178-186.
Gagates, 100, f. 103, 104.
glabrata, 95, f. 256-263.
globosa, v. intermedia.
granosa, 40, f. 170,171.
Guayaquilensis, 44, f. 177.
Guinerii, 114, f. 272.
Hildreichii, v. fluviatilis.
imquinata, v. meridionalis.

intermedia, 43, f. 169, 174-176.

interrupta, 65, f.11, 12.
intexta, v. fluviatilis.
Jordani, 81, f. 218-215.
Knorrii, 15, f. 78, 150.
labiosa, 25, f. 80.

latissima, Sp. 41, f. 172, 173.

Leachii, v. Virginia.
lineolata, 97, f. 101, 102.
Listeri, 91, f. 249-251.
longispina, 52, f. 62, 63.
luctuosa, 87, f. 231.
lugubris, 115, f. 271.
lutescens, v. meridionalis.
Macri, 82, f. 222.
macrostoma, v. reclivata.
Mauritii, v. Sandwichensis.
melanostoma, v. crepidularia.
meleagris, 92, f. 252, 253.
meridionalis, 29, f. 187-190.
Mertoniana, 90, f. 242-246.

Michaudii, 76, f. 108, 109, 217, 218.

mittreana, v. fluviatilis.
montacuta, V. corona.
Moreleti, v. meridionalis.
Morio, 24, f. 163.

Morio, v. cornea.
nebulata, v. Oualanensis.
Numidica, v. fluviatilis.
Nuttali, v. cariosa.
obscurata, 59, f. 28, 29.
obtusa, 33, f. 72, 73.
olivacea, 74, f. 207, 208.
Oualanensis, v. Mertoniana.
ovalis, 1, f. 121, 122.
Oweniana, 42, f. 168.
Polaponensis, v. fluviatilis.
pallida, v. Rangiana.
Panayana, 34, f. 191.
papillosa, Vv. granosa.

Perrotettiana, 51, f. 200, 201.

Petiti, 16, f. 77.
Philippi, v. meridionalis.
Philippinarum, vy. dubia.

AS

picta, Sp. 77, f. 267-269.
piperina, 39, f. 166, 167.
plumbea, 104, f. 119, 120.
Powissiana, 14, f. 149.
pulchella, 79, f. 209-211.
pulchra, 109, f. 89, 90.
pulligera, 13, f. 65, 66.
punctulata, 45, f. 192.
pupa, 80, f. 68, 69, 212.
Rangiana, 86, f. 227, 228.
rarispina, V. luctuosa.
reclivata, 88, f. 240, 241.
Recluziana, 54, f. 56-58.
reticularis, 96, f. 264-266.
reticulata, 32, f. 74.
reticulata, v. dubia.
Royssiana, v. turrita.
rugata, 71, f. 3, 4.
ruginosa, V. subgranosa.
Sandalina, 50, f.199.
Sandwichensis, 4, f. 127, 128.
sanguinea, 23, f. 162.
Sardoa, v. fluviatilis.
semiconica, 108, f. 116.
serratilineata, v. Danubiensis.
serrulata, 37, f. 164.
Siquijorensis, 12, f. 145, 146.
Smithii, 102, f. 117, 118.
sobrina, 98, f. 100.
solida, v. olivacea.
solidissima, 116, f. 273.
Souleyetana, 60, f. 59, 60.
Soverbiana, 70, f. 5-8.
spinifera, 63, f. 53, 54.
spinosa, 53, f. 61, 64.
squamapicta, 22, f. 79.
squamosa, 67, f. 26, 27.

| strigilata, v. vurrita.

striolata, Sp. 99, £98, 99.
subauriculata, 10, f. 138.
subgranosa, 57, f. 35-38.
subpunctata, 73, f. 206.
subsulcata, v. cornea.
succinea, 28, f. 153, 154.
sulcata, v. aculeata.
Tahitensis, 7, f. 133, 134.
thermatis, v. fluviatilis.
Touranensis, v. crepidularia.

transversalis, 27, f. 151, 152.

trifasciata, v. fluviatilis.
triserialis, 48, f. 195, 196.
tristis, V. pupa.

tritonensis, 49, f. 197, 198.

46

tritonensis, V. intermedia.
turrita, 107, f. 91, 1138, 114.
Turtoni, 106, f. 92, 93.
undata, v. Smithii.
vespertina, 6, f. 131, 132.
violacea, v. crepidularia,
Virginia, 89, f. 232-239.
viridis, 85, f. 229, 300.
viridis, v. Rangiana.

Zebra, 105, f. 96, 97.
Zebra, v. dubia.

Zebra, V. sobrina.

zebrina, Vv. fluviatilis.
zebroides, v. dubia.

Ziczac, 110, f. 105-107, 110.

MONOGRAPH OF THE GENUS
NAVICELLA.

Fam. Neritacez.

Char. Gen. Molluscum Trachelipodum fluviatile. Testa ellip-
tica, superné convexa, epidermide cornea induta, apice prope mar-
ginem posticum incurvo; subtts concava, labio interno septi-
formi. Operculum solidum, planum, radiatum, unidentatum.

A genus of Trachelipodous fluviatile mollusks, with the shell
of an oval form, convex above, covered with a smooth epidermis,
with the apex simple and placed at or near the posterior margin ;
concave beneath, with a laminated, septiform inner hp. Oper-
culum shelly, rather quadrate, flat, radiating, and with generally
a sharp tooth-like process at the side.

1. NavICELLA PORCELLANA (pl. exvi. f. 1, 2. pl. exviii. dvs.
f. 43,44). Patella porcellana, Linn. Syst. Nat. p. 1257. Nerita
porcellana, Chemu. Conch. t. ix. p. 68. pl. 124. f. 1082. Patella
Borbonica, Vincent. Septaria Borbonica, Mérussac. Crepidula
Borbonica, De Roissy. Navicella Perousn (N. elliptica, Quoy et
Gaimard), Reeluz. Navicella elliptica, Lamarck, Sowerby, Sc.

N. testi ovali, valide convexa, sub epidermide varié nigro fas-
ciata vel reticulata; apice recto, marginem paulultim superante ;
labio interno subangustato, margine recto; operculo subquadrato,
brevi.

Of the typical oval form, variously marked with black under a
transparent epidermis, very convex, with the apex nearly straight,
and slightly going beyond the margin. ‘The septum is rather narrow,
with the edge nearly straight, and the operculum is of a rather
square form.

The Bourbon Isles, the Mauritius, and Madagascar.

2. NavVICELLA MACROCEPHALA (pl. cxvu. f. 4, 5), Le Guillon,
Rev. Zool. 1841, p. 374.

N. testa subelongaté, depressi, sub epidermide nigro divarica-
4B

545

tim strigilata et reticulaté; apice decumbente, longé marginem
posticum superante; labio interno latiusculo, margine arcuato ;
operculo subelongato, dente elongato.

More elongated than N. depressa, and having the apex pro-
duced very much beyond the margin; the septum is rather
broader and arched at the edge; the operculum is rather ionger.

Lebouka, Feejee Islands. J. Larges.

3. Navicetza Luzonica (pl. exvi. f. 6,7), Recluz, Rev.
Zool. 1841, p. 376.

N. testé oblongé, validé convex’, iummaculati; apice decum-
bente, longé marginem posticum superante; labio interno lato,
margine recto.

Oblong, and with a large apex as in WV. macrocephala, but much
more convex and destitute of markings, and the septum nearly
straight at the edge.

Island of Luzon; Souleyet. On stones in rivers; Islands of
Panay and Mindinao, Philippines; Cuming.

4, NAvVICELLA DEPRESSA (pl. cxvu. f. 8,9, 10), Lesson, Voy.
de la Coquille, p. 868. Var. N. zebra, Lesson.

N. test ovali, depressi, sub epidermide nigro divaricatim stri-
gilaté; apice recto, marginem tegente; labio interno subangus-
tato, margine recto ; operculo subquadrato, brevi.

Although the convex side of this species is much less elevated
than in XW. porcellana, and the apex less prominent, I have much
hesitation m admitting the validity of the distmetion.

New Guinea, New Holland, New Ireland; Quoy e¢ Gaimard.
Tahiti; Cuming.

5. Navicetta JANELLI (pl. cxvu. f. 11, 12, 18), Recluz,
Rev. Zool. 1841, p. 376.

N. testa ovali, validé convexd, minuté concentrice striata,
sub epidermide nigro lineata et reticulaté; apice oblongo, valido,
marginem superante; labio interno lato, plerumque aurantio, in
medio paululim arcuato; operculo magno, griseo, prope dentem
angulariter emarginato.

Differmg from JV. porcel/ana in having the apex more distinct,
and decidedly curved upwards (holding the shell in a position ana-
logous to that of a Nerita with the spire uppermost). ‘The septum
is also broader than in NV. porcellana, and slightly arched in the

549

centre. The operculum is rather more oblong, and much more
strongly lobed: it is generally of grey colour. The external
surface is also very slightly striated in direction of the lines of
growth.

On stones in a deep river, Island of Luzon, Philippines. Cuming.

6. Navicenia aprata (pl. cxvii. f. 14, 15. pl. exviii. dis.
f.39), Le Guillon, Rev. Zool. 1841, p. 376.

N. test rotundato-subtrigond, depress’, exttis obscuré nigro
reticulata, epidermide fuscd indutd; apice decumbente, marginem
superante ; ints ceruled, nonnunquam maculis nigris magnis
lateralibus duabus; septo subtrigono ; impressionibus musculari-
bus rectiusculis.

Much depressed and spread out at the sides, rather narrowed
in front, so as to give a somewhat trigonal form to the shell. The
septum is trigonal, and the muscular impressions straight and
narrow.

Island of Bourbon.

7. Navicetia Cumrinerana (pl. exvui. f. 16, 17, 18), Recluz,
Zool. Pro. 1842, p. 157.

N. testa ovali, convexd, sub epidermide concentricé nigro unda-
tim fasciata; apice magno, marginem superante ; labio interno in
medio producto; operculo subovali, ad terminum bilobato; im-
pressionibus muscularibus latis.

This species, with the form of N. porcellana, and the produced
apex of NV. macrocephala and N. Luzonica, is remarkable for the
shape of the septum, which is curved outwards in the centre,
somewhat in the form of a uvula; the operculum is also peculiar,
being rather oval, with two equal lobes at the end.

Lebouka, Feejee Islands; MW. Furges. Islands of Mindinao
and Caminguing, Philippines; on stones in a mountain stream ;
Cuming.

8. Navicerta Freycinert (pl. exvii. f. 19, 20), Recluz,
Rev. Zool. 1841, p. 375.

N. testa ovali, convexd, sub epidermide angulatim lineata ; apice
magno, marginem superante; labio interno in medio producto,
uvuleeformi, quadrato ; impressionibus muscularibus latissimis.

Resembling N. Suffreni, but having the septum still more
strongly uvuleform and the produced part squared. The muscular

4B

550

impressions, which in V. Suffreai ave broad, are still more so in
this species, leaving a very narrow ship of the inner surface of the
shell between them.

9. NaviceLLa Lineata (pl. cxviii. f. 21, 22, 23, 24, 25),
Lamarck, Anim. sans vert. Septaria Navicula, Férussac.

N. testa elongata, epidermide tenuissima, nigro vel rubro longi-
tudinaliter fasciat&é seu reticulata, seu seriatim maculaté ; apice
angusto, plerumque roseo, marginem vix superante ; septo ‘latius-
culo, trigono, margine arcuato; operculo elongato, ad terminum
acute dentato, emar rginato.

The most lengthened and narrow of all the species, with the
apex narrow and protruding very slightly beyond the margin ;
the septum trigonal, and the operculum elongated. The colours,
either red or black, are for the most part arranged in longitudinal
lines or bands, but, in some varieties, reticulated.

Indian rivers; Lamarck. Var. f.25, Botanic Gardens, Cal-
cutta. Many varieties, from the Islands of Luzon and Mindinao,
Philippines ; Cuming.

10. NaviceLya TESSELLATA (pl. exviil. f. 26, 27, 28. pl. cxviil.
bis. £. 48, 49), Lam., Anim. s. vert. N. Entrecastauxn, (f. 34.)
fecluz, Rev. Zool. 1841, p. 380.

N. test oblong’, epidermide tenuissimd, nigro vel rubro qua-
dratim tessellata vel reticulata; apice vix marginem tegente ; septo
latiusculo, subconvexo, margine arcuato ; operculo breviusculo.

Rather broader and more square than N. dineata, with the apex
scarcely touching the edge, and not so much narrowed. ‘The
difference in the marking can scarcely be regarded as constant,
although im this species there is a greater tendency to a tessel-
lated form.

Ceylon (var. f. 25); Ma. Middleton. On stones in rivers; Islands
of Luzon and Mindinao, Philippmes ; Caumzng.

11. NavicELLA C&@RULESCENS (pl. cxvui. f. 29, pl. cxviil. dis.
f. 36, 37, 38), Recluz, MS.

N. testé breviuscula, subdepressa, subquadrata, caerulea, maculis
nigris angulatis picti; margine apicem superante; septo angus-
tissimo, rete

Resembling J. tessed/ata, but with the septum extremely narrow
and arched; the shell is also broader in proportion to its length.

Ganges River, Bengal; collected on stones by Mr. Westerman.

551

12. Navicerna suporBrcuraris (pl. cxviii. f. 30, 31, var. ?
pl. exvii. f. 3), Sowerby, sen., Tank. Cat., Appendix, No. 1092.

N. test’ subrotundata, convexd, griseo rufescente reticulata ;
apice rotundo, haud ad marginem extenso; apertura intus au-
rantid; septo angustato; operculo subquadrato, acuté unidentato.

Rather round in form, very convex, with a rounded apex not
reaching the margin. The external surface is reticulated with
reddish-grey lines; the inner part generally presents an orange
tint under the septum; the septum is very narrow.

Timor; Sowerby. On stones in rivulets, Island of Johanna,
Commoros; ev. W. Hennah.

13. Navicetta Crypzotum (pl. cxvui. f. 32, 33, 34, 35),
Recluz, MS. N. atra, N. radiata, N. Recluzii, Reeve, Conchologia
Systematica.

N. testa ovali, minutissimé striata, subdepressd, rubro nigroque
varié tessellata et fasciaté ; apice parvo, margine apicem superante ;
septo semicirculari, subconvexo, margine paululiim arcuato ; oper-
culo subquadrato, acutissimé unidentato.

In this species the apex does not reach the margin, and the
external surface is very finely striated. The shell is rather depressed
and variously tessellated, sometimes in longitudinal bands, with
red and black. The septum is rounded at the posterior, and very
slightly arcuated at the anterior margin, with a tendency to con-
vexity. The operculum is very strongly toothed.

On stones in rivers, in several of the Philippine Islands. Cuming.

14. NaviceLLA VARIABILIS (pl. cxvin. des. f. 40, 41, 42),
Recluz, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1842, p. 155.

N. testa N. Clypeoto simili, sed margine vix expanso, apice
marginali, dorso magis tumido.

like NV. Clypeolum, but with the margin less spread, the back
higher, and the beak more curved, so as to reach the margin.

Mindinao, Philippines. Cuming.

15. Navicetxa Cooxtt (pl. exvi. dis. £. 45-47), Recluz, MS.

N. testa N. suborbiculari sumili, sed magis ovali, apice marginem
tegente, labio latiusculo, aurantio.

Like WV. suborbicularis, but more oval; the apex bent down so
as to reach the margin; the septum a little broader, and of a
bright orange-colour.

One of the Commoro Islands (Johanna). Rev. W. Hennah.

NAVICELLA.

Rn

LIST OF FIGURES IN PLATES CXVIE, CXVIII., and
CXVIIL. dis.

Fig.
1, 2. N. porcellana, Linneus, Sp. 1.
3. — suborbicularis, var. ?
4,5. — macrocephala, Le Guillon, 2.

6, 7. -— Luzonica, Recluz, 3.

8-10. — depressa, Lesson, 4.
11-13. — Janellii, Recluz, 5.
14, 15.
16-18. — Cumingiana, Reeluz, 7.
19, 20. — Freycineti, Recluz, 8.
21-25. — lineata, Lamarck, 9.
26-28. — tessellata, Lamarck, 10.

29. — ecerulescens, Recluz, 11.
30, 31. — suborbicularis, Sowerby, 12.
32-35. — Clypeolum, Recluz, 13.
36-38. — cerulescens, Recluz, 11.

39. — apiata, var., Le Guillon, 6.
40-42. — variabilis, Recluz, 14.

43, 44. — porcellana, Young, 1.
45-47. — Cooku, Recluz, 15.

apiata, Le Gillon, 6.

SPECIFIC SYNONYMA.

elliptica, Zam., v. porcellana, Sp. 1.
Borbonica, St. Vincent, v. porcellana, 1.
Perousii, Recluz, v. porcellana, 1.

zebra, Lesson, v. depressa, 4, f. 10.
Entrecastauxii, Recluz, v. tessellata, 10, f. 48.
atra, Reeve, v. Clypeolum, 13, f. 34.

radiata, Reeve, v. Clypeolum, 13, f. 35.
Recluzii, Reeve, v. Clypeolum, 138.

SPECIES UNIDENTIFIED.

Bougainvilli, Recluz, Rev. Zool. 1841, p. 374.
D’Urvillei, Recluz, Rev. Zool. 1841, p. 378.
Suffreni, Recluz, Rev. Zool. 1841, p. 374.

553

MONOGRAPH OF THE FAMILY

BULLIDA.

By ARTHUR ADAMS, R.N., F.LS.

{Norsr. The following generic divisions of the Bulhdae, by
Arthur Adams, Esq., as founded upon a careful examination of
the animals and shells, are here given, although not in accordance
with the general plan of our work, because researches so useful
ought not to be lost for want of a vehicle for their publication.
At the same time, it will be observed that in enumerating the
species of shells, the usual form is adopted, and the proposed
genera only mentioned as subgenera. Collectors will thus have
the opportunity of choosing their own mode of arrangement. |

Fam. BULLID.

Head with tentacular lobes, often forming by their union a
flattened cephalic disc. Gills on the right side of the back, covered
by the mantle or by a shell. Foot more or less dilated at the
sides into swimming lobes.

Shell none, internal, or external. Operculum none.

Genus 1. Butirna, Mérussac. Buiiinuta, Beck. (Bulla,
sp. 1-3. pl. exx. f. 1-3.)

Animal ignotum.

Testa solida, ovata, umbilicata, transversé sulcata. Spira ele-
vata. Labrum intis sulcatum. Labium sinuosum, anticé sub-
truncatum.

Animal unknown.

Shell solid, ovate, umbilicated, transversely grooved. Spire
elevated. Outer lip internally grooved. Inner lip sinuous, ante-
norly subtruncated.

554

Genus 2. ApLustruM, Schumacher. (Animal, pl. exix. f. 1.
Shells, Budla, sp. 4, 5. pl. exx. f. 4-7.)

Animal ut m Hydatina.

Testa globoso-ovalis ; spira depresso-plana. Apertura oblonga,
postice haud coarctata, canali brevi subemarginato; labium externum
acutum ; labium internum nullum. Columella prominens, invo-
luta, tortilis, obliqué truncata, margine interno tenuissimo, sub-
replicato. Umbilicus nullus.

Animal as in Hydatina.

Shell globosely oval; spire depressly flattened. Aperture ob-
long, posteriorly slightly contracted, with a short subemarginate
canal; outer lip sharp, inner lip wanting. Columella prominent,
involute, twisted, obliquely truncated ; inner margin very thin,
somewhat reflected. Umbilicus none.

Genus 3. Hypatina, Schumacher. (Animal, pl. exix. f. 2.
Shells, Bulla, sp. 7-10. pl. cxx. f. 8-18.)

Caput appendicibus labialibus duabus bifidis; lobis tentacu-
laribus duobus, acuminatis, auriculatis, posterioribus lanceolatis,
sursum testam recurvatis; oculi minimi, nigri, ad basin internam
eorum sessiles. Pallium interné tenue, membranaceum, externé
crassum, carneum, triangulare, circa spiram convolutum. Pes
magnus, tenuis, membranaceus, sursum testam recurvatus, anticé
auriculatus, postice rotundatus.

Testa ovali-globosa, valdé ventricosa; spira depressiuscula.
Apertura ampla, posticé coarctata; labium externum tenue, acutum;
labium internum tenuissimum, replicato-adnatum. Venter im-
perforatus, inflatus.

Head with two bifid labial appendages; tentacular lobes two,
pointed, auriculate, posterior large, flattened, lanceolate, recurved
over the shell; eyes small, black, and sessile at their inner bases.
Mantle internally thin and membranous, externally thick, fleshy,
triangular, curving round the spire. Foot large, thin, membra-
nous, recurved over the shell, auriculate in front, rounded behind.

Shell ovately globose, very ventricose; spire somewhat de-
pressed. Aperture wide, posteriorly contracted ; outer lip thin,
sharp; inner lip very thin, reflected over and adnate to the last
whorl. Last whorl imperforate, inflated.

Genus 4. Tornattna, Adams. (Animal, pl. cxix. f.3. Shell,
Bulla, sp. 11-26. pl. exxi. f. 24-39.)

Caput subtrigonale, latum, anticé rotundatum, lateribus pro-

or
on
oat

ductis im lobos triangulares depressos, oculis ad eorum basin
externam. Pallium parte exteriore incrassata, tuberculis tribus
instructé, parte interna tenui, subulati, in suturd spire disposita.
Pes brevis, linearis, anticé truncatus.

Testa cylindrica vel fusiformi; spira manifesta, apice papillato ;
sutura canaliculata ; columella callosa, uniplicata.

Head subtrigonal, broad, anteriorly rounded, the sides pro-
duced into depressed triangular lobes, with the eyes at their outer
base. Mantle with the outer part thickened and furnished with
three tubercles ; inner part thin, subulate, concealed in the channel
of the spire. Foot short, linear, anteriorly truncated.

Shell cylindrical or fusiform, spire conspicuous, apex papillated,
suture channelled, columella callous, with a single plait.

Buttina, Blainv. Bullina, sp., Macgill. Tornatella, sp., Miener.
Bullina, sp., Say. Tab. 1. Fig. 6, animal; fig. 7, shell.

Genus 5. Urricutus, Brown. (Shells, sp. 27-31. pl. exx.
f. 19-23.)

Animal test4 reconditum, crassum, latum. Caput latum, breve,
transversum; vibracula brevia, cornea, remota, lateralia; oculi
postici, minuti, immersi, remoti; labia tumida buccam formant
inflatam, verticalem, anticé impressam, medio os preebentem minu-
tum. Solea testi brevior, subquadrata, antice dilatata, truncata,
posticé fissuré media in lobos duos divisa. Margo pallu leviter
mcrassatus, aperturam lambens.

Testa bullacea, tenuis, ovata; apex truncatus; spira depressa.

Animal contained within the shell, thick, wide. Head wide,
short, transverse; tentacles short, conical, wide apart, lateral ;
eyes posterior, minute, immersed, wide apart ; lips tumid, forming
an inflated mouth, impressed anteriorly. Foot shorter than the
shell, subquadrate, anteriorly dilated, truncated, divided pos-
teriorly by a median fissure into two lobes. Margin of the mantle
slightly thickened, adhering to the aperture.

Shell small, oblong-ovate ; outer lip nearly the whole length of
the last whorl, and entire; spire very short, volutions promient.

Amphisphyra, Lovén. Diaphana, Brown.

Genus 6. Axera, Willer. (Animal, pl. exix. f. 4. Shells,
Bulla, sp. 32-37. pl. exxi. f. 40-46.)

Animal.—Caput elongatum, anticé latum, bilobatum, posticé an-
. . 7 . “4 ? .
gustatum. Oculi null. Suturam spire depressee canaliculatum
explet pallium, connatum, cirrum emittens longum, tenuem, fili-
4c

556

formem. Pes expansus, anticé angustatus, rotundatus, postice
latus, truncatus, lateribus valdé dilatatis, natantibus.

Testa subcylindrica, elastica, convoluta, ultimo anfractu in
sutura aliis soluto ; spira distincta, anfractibus canaliculatis, vertice
obtuso; apertura postice angustata, anticé effusa.

Head elongated, wide and bifid anteriorly, narrow posteriorly.
Hyes none. Mantle with a fimbriated edge projecting through the
slit in the spire. Foot expanded, narrow and rounded anteriorly,
posteriorly broad and truncated; the sides greatly dilated and
forming swimming lobes.

Shell cylindrical, elastic, convoluted, the last whorl separated in
the suture from the others; spire distinct, whorls channelled ;
apex obtuse; aperture narrow, posteriorly contracted, anteriorly
effuse.

Akera, Miller (not Cuvier). Hucampe, Leach. Vitrella,
Swainson.

Genus 7. ScapHanvEeR, Montfort. (Animal, pl. cxix. f. 5.
Shells, Bulla, sp. 38-42. pl. exxi. f. 47-51.)

Animal ut in Bulla.

Testa ovalis; spira subocculta, truncata. Apertura amplissima,
test longior ; anticé valde dilatata, integerrima ; posticé coarctata,
excisa; labium externum acutum. Margo cochlez spiraliter ma-
uifesté convolutus usque ad originem spire.

Animal as in Bulla?

Shell oval; spire somewhat concealed, truncated. Aperture
very wide, longer than the shell, anteriorly greatly dilated, entire,
posteriorly contracted and channelled; outer lip acute. Margin
of the shell distinctly spirally convoluted as far as the commence-
ment of the spire.

Arrula, Schum. Charta, Martim. Bullea, Roissy.

Genus 8. Butta, Adem. (Animal, pl. cxix. f. 6. Shells,
Bulla, sp. 43-55. pl. exxii. and exxii. f. 59-80.)

Corpus oblongum. Caput latum depressum, lobis _posticis
duobus ; oculi sessiles in medio capitis. Pallii dextra pars
carnosa, pedem longé superans; sinistra pars tenuis, adheerens.
Pes brevis, subquadratus, lateribus anticé reflexis, anteriorem
partem teste: vix tegentibus.

Testa ovato-globosa, convoluta ; columella nulla; spira immersa,
tubulosa; apertura longitudine teste, margine externé acuto.

Body oblong. Head broad, depressed, with two posterior lobes.

557

Right part of the mantle fleshy, equalling in length the foot ; the
left part thin, adhering. Foot short, subquadrate, the sides
anteriorly reflected and covering a small part of the fore part of
the shell.

Shell ovately globose, convoluted; columella none; spire sunken
and tubular; aperture the length of the shell, outer margin
acute.

Bullus, Mout. Vesica, Swain. Cymbiwm, Adanson. LRhizorus,
Monttf.

Genus 9. Haminpa, Leach. (Animal, pl. cxix. f.7. Shells,
Bulla, sp. 56-78. pl. exxiv. f. 81-106.)

Corpus oblongum. Caput latum, depressum, elongatum, pos-
ticé bilobatum; oculi sessiles in medio capitis. Pallium parte
extern (vel dextra) valdé dilataté, incrassata, truncati, postice
ultra testam extensi. Pes brevis, subquadratus, alis duabus,
magnis, natantibus, majorem partem conchze obvelantibus.

Testa convoluta, cornea, tenuis, transversim striata, columella
spiraque destituta.

Body oblong. Head broad, depressed, elongated, posteriorly
bilobed; eyes sessile on the middle of the head. Mantle with
the nght or external part greatly dilated, thickened, truncated
and extending beyond the shell. Foot short, subquadrate, with
two large swimming lobes, which nearly cover the shell.

Shell convolute, thin, horny, transversely grooved, destitute of
columella or spire.

Genus 10. Arys, Montfort. (Animal, pl. exix. f. 8. Shells,
Bulla, sp. 79-100. pl. exxiv. and exxv. f. 107-131.)

Caput subtrigonale, depressumn, posticé bilobatum ; oculi subcu-
tanei, mm medio capitis. Pallium parte dextra incrassati, truncata,
posticé ultra testam extensi. Pes brevis, subquadratus, lateribus
reflexis, anticé dilatatis, supra anteriorem partem conchee dispositis.

Testa alba, solida, transversé striata ; labrum posticé tortuosum,
labium anticée plicatum vel subtruncatum.

Head subtrigonal, depressed, posteriorly bilobed ; eyes sub-
cutaneous, in the middle of the head. Mantle with the nght
margin thickened, truncated, and prolonged posteriorly beyond
the shell. Foot with the sides dilated in front, reflexed and
folded over the fore part of the shell.

Shell white, solid, colourless, transversely striated ; outer lip

4c 2

KKQ

508

posteriorly twisted, inner lip ending anteriorly in a fold, tooth,
or truncature.

Naucum, Schum. Alicula, Ehrenb. Rowania, Leach.

Genus 11. Cyiicnna, Lovén. (Shells, Bulla, sp. 1V1-119.
pl. exxv. f. 182-151.)

Ammal breve, latum. Caput depressum, subquadratum, antice
truncatum ; vibracula lata, deplanata, libera, recumbentia, trans-
versa; oculi sub eorum basi immersi. Solea brevissima, ovato-
quadrata. Pallium limbo incrassato, aperturam posticé claudente.

Testa cylindrica; spira nulla, vertice umbilicato; columella
callosa, uniplicata.

Animal short, broad. Head depressed, subquadrate, anteriorly
truncate ; tentacles wide, flattened, free, recumbent, transverse ;
eyes immersed in their base. Foot very short, ovately quadrate.
Mantle with the margin thickened posteriorly, closing the aperture.

Shell cylindrical; spire none; apex umbilicated; columella
callous, with a single plait.

Bullina, Risso (not Férussac). Cylindrella, Swainson. — Vol-
varia, Brown.

Genus 12. Votvuna, Adams. (Shells, sp. 120-124. pl. exxv.
f. 152-156.)

Animal ignotum.

Testa subcylindrica, utrinque rostrata; spira occulta; apertura
angusta; labium obsoleté uniplicatum.

Animal unknown.

Shell subcylindrical, beaked at both ends; spire concealed ;
aperture narrow ; inner lip with a single obsolete fold.

This genus differs from Volvaria in the spire being entirely
concealed, and having but a single fold on the fore part of the
inner lip; and from Ovudwm and Hyalina in the outer lip not
being thickened or reflected externally.

Genus 13. Linrerta, Adams. (Animal, pl. exix.f. 9. Shells,
Bulla, sp. 125-128. pl. exxi. f. 52-55.)

Caput quadrilaterale, auriculis posterioribus nullis; oculi in
media superficie superiore capitis. Pallium inclusum, posticé in
limbo erasso productum. Pes lateribus liberis in alis duabus ex-
pansis, postice conjunctis, testam circumflexis.

Testa ovata, depressa; apertura superné subcanaliculata ; la-
bium internum appendiculo calyciformi, intus spirali.

559

Head quadrilateral, without posterior auricles; eyes sessile on
the middle of the upper surface of the head. Mantle included
within the shell, ending posteriorly in a thickened lobe. Foot
with the sides free, not connected to the head, enlarged in the
form of wings, which unite behind, and cover a portion of the
shell.

The side-edges of the foot being free and unconnected with
the head, the form of the cephalic buckler, and the cup-shaped
lamina arising from the apex, and ending on the ccolumellar
border of a depressed open shell, will distinguish this genus from
the other groups of the family Budde. All the species already
known are amphibious in their habits.

Shell oval, depressed; aperture with a slight canal above ;
inner lip with a cup-shaped appendage, spiral within.

Genus 14. Cryproputnuatmus, Lhrenberg. (Animal, pl. cxix.
f.10. Shells, Buda, sp. 129-181. pl. exxi. f. 56-58.)

Corpus semicylindricum, forma Aplysiz tentaculis destitute.
Caput depressum, carnosum, margimibus liberis; oculi minimi,
sub capitis margine, laterales. Pallium concham basi tantim
obtegit, maxima pars conch liber& partim spirali obtegitur.
Pes alis duabus lateralibus, retlexis, in dorso complicatis, totum
corpus involventibus, et postremo corporis fine aperturam bran-
chialem formantibus.

Testa fragilis, cornea, vix involuta, columella spirique desti-
tuta; apertura ampla.

Body semicylindrical, in form of an Aplysia without tentacles.
Head depressed, fleshy, the margins free; eyes small, lateral,
under the margin of the head. Mantle covering only the base
of the shell. Foot with two lateral wings reflected and folded on
the back, involving the whole body, and forming a branchial
aperture at the hind part of the body.

Shell fragile, horny, scarcely involute, destitute of columella
and spire; aperture wide.

Genus 15. Puaneroputuatmus, Adams. (Animal, pl. cxix.
f.11. Shell, sp. 132. pl. exxv. f. 157, 158.)

Corpus elongatum, rotundatum. Caput in medio sulcatum,
lobis rotundatis ad latera instructum, appendicibus posteriori-
bus brevissimis; oculi parvi, nigri, distantes, superficie capitis
positi. Pes lateribus super dorsum circumflexis.

Testa interna ovalis, tota aperta, nec convoluta, margine dextro
prolongato, contorto, acuto.

560

Body elongated, rounded. Head grooved in the middle, with
rounded lobes at the sides, posterior appendages very short; eyes
on the upper surface of the head, small, black, and wide apart.
Foot with the sides folded on the back, leaving between them an
undulating fissure, a little sloping at the posterior part.

Shell concealed in the interior of the back above the gills, oval,
entirely open, without more trace of a spire than a curved process
at the left border ; the right border prolonged into a point slightly
turned on itself.

M. Quoy observes that the Phanerophthalmus both creeps and
swims, and that the shell, white, and concealed in the interior of
the back, above the gills, approaches more to the Dolabel/as than
to the Budias. 'The position of the eyes at once distinguishes it
from Cryptophthalmus, with which it shows the greatest affinity.

Genus 16. Sormetus, 4danson. (Animal and shell, pl. exix.

f. 122)

Caput non distinctum. Corpus carnosum, semicylindricum,
lateribus valde sulcatis.

Testa unguiformis, tenuis, pellucida, in parte posteriore disposita.

Head not distinct. Body fleshy, semicylindrical, the sides
deeply grooved. é

Shell unguiform, thin, transparent, covering the hind part of
the animal.

Sormetus Adansonii, Blainv.

Genus 17. Puiting, Ascanias. (Animal, pl. cxix. f. 13.
Shell, sp. 133-139. pl. cxxv. f. 159-166.)

Corpus ovato-elongatum, convexiusculum. Caput elongatum,
tentaculis oculisque nullis. Pes lobis lateralibus, margine crassius-
culis, vix sursum reflexis.

Testa occulta, in pallio supra branchia inclusa, tenuissima, uno
latere partim et spiraliter convoluta, columella spiraque destituta ;
apertura amplissima, superné dilatato-patula.

Body ovate-oblong, rather convex. Head elongated, without eyes
or tentacles. Foot with the lateral lobes slightly thickened and
reflected at the margin.

Shell concealed in the mantle, thin, somewhat volute on one
side, destitute of distinct spire or columella; aperture large
and. wide.

Phylina, Lamarck. Phyline, Gray. Lobaria, Miller. Budllea,
Lamarck. <Amydala, Planc. Philine, Lovén.

561

Genus 18. Cretrponura, Adams. (Animal, pl. cxix. f. 16.
Shell, sp. 140. pl. cxxv. f. 167, 168.)

Caput fasciculis tribus sericibus anticé ornatum, posticé in lobo
simplici lanceolato desinente ; oculi? Pallium in filamentis longis
duobus posticé productum. Pes amplus, anticé lateribus acumi-
natis, posticé rotundatus.

Testa interna, minima, fragilis, tota aperta, margine dextro plano,
alato, posticé acuto.

Head with three small tufts of short silk in front, posteriorly
not bifurcated, but terminated by a single lanceolate tongue,
which is extended on the back. Mantle ending behind in two
long filaments like the tail of a swallow. Foot elevated on each
side, embracing the head and mantle, poimted at the sides in
front, rounded behind. Gill behind, on the right side.

Shell hid in the thickness of the mantle, small, thin, very open,
scarcely spiral, with the right border ending in a point.

M. Quoy observes that it swims by the aid of its mantle,
which was the case with a beautiful species obtained by me, also
in the Mauritius, but which became so mutilated as to afford but
the information that the species belonged to this genus, and was
distinct from C. hirundinima. The individual alluded to by
M. Quoy, which “had the back crossed with white, and all the
blue lines bordered with a line of gold,’ was probably a third
species.

Genus 19. Doriprum. (Animal, pl. cxix. f. 14.)

Caput ovato-oblongum, anticé retusum. Corpus oblongum,
posticé truncatum ; angulis productis, elongatis, dilatatis s. fili-
formibus. Solea pedis im alam ovato-rotundam expansa, que
anticé utrmque in lobulum carnosum minutum producta est.

Testa nulla.

Head ovately oblong, anteriorly retuse. Body oblong, pos-
teriorly truncated, the angles produced, elongated, dilated, or
filiform. Sides of the foot expanded into an ovately rounded
wing, which is produced anteriorly and on both sides into a
minute fleshy lobe.

Shell none.

Sp. 1. D. Mecxenit, Delle Chiaje, Mem. I. pp. 118, 133,
t. x. f. 1,2. Acera Meckelii, Phedippi. Doridium membranaceum,
Meckel.

D. dorso alisque tuberculis lacteis ornatis.

562

Back and sides of the foot ornamented with milk-white tubercles
Catania ; Panormi.

Sp. 2. D. aphysieforme, Delle Chige, Mem. I. p. 190, t. xi.
Coriaceum, Meck. Eidothea marmorata, Risso. Acera carnosa,
Cuvier.

D. corpore supra pallidé fusco, nigro-reticulato ; subtis atro-
violaceo ; lateribus azureo s. viridi marmoratis.

Body above pale fuscous, reticulated with black; beneath
blackish violet; the sides marbled with azure or green.

Naples.

Genus 20. Gasreropreron, Mechel. (Animal, pl. cxix.
f. 15.)

Corpus ovatum, inferné alam, anticé velum gerit. Velum

capitis 6 membrané triangulari parti anticee pedis superpositi
formatur. Pes expansionem transversé ovatam, anticé et postice
retusam, Vix emarginatam anticé, verd in parte mediand productam,
format. Anus pone brachiam, porus genitalis ante brachiam
jacet.
Body ovate, with a veil anteriorly, and a wing-like foot below.
Veil of the head formed by a triangular membrane placed above
the fore part of the foot. Foot forming a transversely ovate
expansion, retuse anteriorly and posteriorly, slightly emarginate
in front and produced in the middle. Anus behind, and genital
pore before, the gills.

Sp. G. Mecxe.u, Kosse, Dissert. de Pteropod. ord. Bl. Malac.
pl. xlv. f. 5. Cho amati, Delle Chiaze.

Genus 21. Aruas, Lesweur. (Animal, pl. exxix. f. 17.)

Caput lobis parvis duobus tentacularibus. Corpus in partibus
duabus divisum. Pes dilatatus, circularis, margine ciliato.

Testa nulla.

Head with two small tentacular lobes. Body divided into two
parts by a narrow peduncle. Foot dilated circularly and ciliated
at the margin.

Shell none.

Atlas Peronii, Blainv.

568

SPECIES OF THE GENUS BULLA.
Sus-cenus Buia.

1. Buta scapra (pl. exx. f. 1), Chemnitz, t. 146, f. 1352,
1353, p. 118.

B. test& ovatd, in dorso subcarinata, decussatim striata, scabra,
alba, lineis roseis longitudinalibus insignita ; spiri parti elevata,
obtusa ; columella sinuosi, reflexa.

Ovate, decussately striated, rough, white, marked with longi-
tudinal rose-red lines; spire obtuse, a little elevated ; columella
sinuous, reflected.

Japan. Mus. Cuming.

2. Butta tineata (pl. cxx. f. 2). Bulla lineata, Wood,
Ind. Test. Supp., pl. 3. B. undata, Brug.

B. testa ovali, ventricosi, perforata, luteo-albi, leis roseis
longitudinalibus et transversis insignita, transverse costati; costis
levibus, planiusculis; interstitiis punctatis, punctis minoribus,
transversis ; spiri elevati; apice acuto; anfractibus quatuor,
rotundatis ; apertura ovali; labio posticé uniplicato, tortuoso,
antice subtruncato.

Shell oval, ventricose, umbilicated, yellowish-white, ornamented
with undulated longitudinal and transverse red lines, transversely
grooved, ribs smooth and flat, interstices punctured, punctures
small, transverse; spire elevated; apex acute; whorls four, rounded ;
aperture oval, inner lip posteriorly with a single fold, tortuous,
anteriorly subtruncate.

Australia.

3. Butta Brueurert (pl. exx. f. 3), Adams.

B. testa ovali, ventricosi, perforata, carmined, fascus duabus
flavescenti-albis, lineis longitudinalibus, carmineis, undulatis,
decussatis, transversé costaté; costis planiusculis, scabris ; inter-
stitiis lineis elevatis, longitudinalibus; spiré prominuld; apice
obtuso ; anfractibus tribus, rotundatis; aperturd angusté ovata,
antice producti; labro acuto, inttis sulcato; labio posticé tenui,
reflexo, anticé tortuoso.

Shell oval, ventricose, perforated, pink, with two yellowish-
white bands, crossed by longitudinal pink undulating lines, trans-
versely ribbed ; ribs flat, rough ; interstices with elevated longi-

4D

564:

tudinal lines; spire prominent; apex obtuse; whorls three, rounded;
aperture narrowly ovate, anteriorly produced, outer lip acute,
grooved internally, inner lip posteriorly thin, reflected, adnate,
anteriorly twisted.

Ceylon. Dr. Sibbald. Mus. Cuming.

Susp-Genus APLUSTRUM.

4, Butta Tuaxasstarcni (pl. exx. f. 4, 5, 6), Martini,
Chemn. x. f. 146, £1350, 1551. Aplustrum fasciatum, Schum.
Bulla amplustre, Linn. Aplustra pulchella, Swaims. Bulla
aplustre, Lamarck, vol. vi. p. 35.

B. test& ovata, subcylindrica, pellucida, nitida, fasciis albis et
rubicundis seu incarnatis ac lneis nigricantibus adnatis cincta ;
columelle labio reflexo; spird obtusa.

Shell ovate, subcylindrical, pellucid, shining, encircled with
white and reddish or flesh-coloured bands, and adnate blackish
lines; columellar lip reflexed; spire obtuse.

Mauritius ; in mud at the mouths of rivers. Jus. Cuming.

5. Butta Goutprt (pl. exx. £7), Couthoy, Bost. Journ.
Nat. Hist. u. p. 182, pl. 4. f. 6.

B. test& parva, ovata, convoluta, fragil, alba, nitida, subopaca,
epidermide membranaced olivaced tecté, transversim tenué striata ;
spiri depressi, discoided, imperforata, interdum prominulé, an-
fractibus quatuor, superné rotundatis, suturis impressis ; apertura
supra angustd, versus basin dilatataé ; columelldé arcuata, alba,
nitidd, imperforata.

Shell small, ovate, convoluted, fragile, white, shining, sub-
opake, covered with an olive membranous epidermis, transversely
finely striated; spire depressed, discoid, imperforate, sometimes
rather prominent, whorls four, rounded above, sutures impressed ;
aperture narrow above, dilated towards the base ; columella arched,
white, shining, imperforate.

Massachusetts Bay, U.S.

6. Busta pepitis (pl. cxx. f. 8), Gould, Silliman’s Journ.
xxxvil. 196,

B. testa oblique ovati, parva, pellucida, corned, inflata, levi,
subumbilicata ; spird distincté, plana, anfractibus quatuor; colu-
mellé subrecta, anticé abrupte truncatd; apertura ampla, antice
dilatata.

565

Shell obliquely ovate, small, pellucid, horny, inflated, smooth,
subumbilicated ; spire distinct, flattened, whorls four; columella
rather straight, anteriorly abruptly truncated; aperture white,
dilated anteriorly.

North America. Mus. Cuming.

Sus-cenus Hyparra.

7. Buxta puysis (pl. cxx. f. 9-11), Linn., Martin, t. 21.
f. 196, 197. Hydatina filosa, Schum.

B. animale fusco-rubro, margine pedis et appendicibus smarag-
dino-cyaneis.

B. testé rotundato-ovata, perforaté, tenui, subpellucida, levi,
albida, lineolis fuscis transversis undulatis picta ; spira retusa.

Animal of a clear red-brown, edge of foot and appendages of
an emerald blue.

Shell rotundately oval, umbilicated, thin, semipellucid, smooth,
whitish, painted with transverse waved fuscous lines ; spire retuse ;
length 15 lines, breadth 11 lines.

Mauritius ; on clear sand. Mus. Cuming.

8. Butta vexittum (pl. exx. f. 12, 13, 14), Chemn., Conch.
x. t. 146. f. 1848, 1349. B. fasciata, Brug. B. velum, Gm.
B. amplustre, Born.

B. testé subglobosd, tenuwi, subpellucida, albido-cinerascente,
fasciis fuscis transversim picta, striis longitudinalibus tenuissimis.
Shell subglobose, thin, semipellucid, ashy white, painted with
transverse fuscous bands, with very fine longitudinal strie.
Ceylon. Dr. Sibbald. Mus. Cuming.

9. Buta niriputa (pl. exx. f. 15, 16), Lister, Hist. Conch.
t. 715. £74. Ferussacii, Quoy, Voy. de PUranie, Zool. pl. 66.
f. 10-12.

B. test& ovali, imperforata, alba, nitida, lineis tribus, transversis,
rufo-fuscis, ineisque longitudinalibus, rufo-fuscis, undulatis pictd,
transverse striata, striis subdistantibus, punctatis ; spud prominula ;
apice obtuso; aperturd ampla, posticé angustati, anticé valdé
dilataté ; labio arcuato, anticé rotundato.

Shell ovate, imperforate, white, shining, with three transverse
reddish-brown lines, and numerous undulating red-brown longi-
tudinal lines; transversely striated, striae rather wide apart,
punctated ; spire rather prominent ; apex obtuse ; aperture wide,

4p 2

566

posteriorly narrowed, anteriorly greatly dilated, inner lip arched,
rounded anteriorly.

St. Vincent’s, West Indies, Guild. Mus. Cuming.

Animal covered with a network of red-brown lines.

10. Butia axpo-crnora (pl. cxx. f. 17, 18), Hoeven,
Leyden Journ. Nat. Hist. d. 6. st. 4. p. 10.

B. test& subglobosi, tenui, subpellucida, fusco-cinerascente,
fascus tribus, latis, albis, transversim picti, striis fuscis, longi-
tudinalibus, obliquis.

Shell subglobose, thin, semipellucid, ashy, fuscous, with three
broad, white, transverse bands, and numerous oblique brown strive.

China. Mus. Cuming.

Susp-cenus ‘ToRNATINA.

11. Butxa voxura (pl. exxi. f. 24), Quoy, Voy. de l Astro-
labe, pl. 26. f. 33-35.

B. test elongaté, minima, levi, cylindricd, alb’; spira promi-
nente ; apice acuto ; suturis latis, profundis.

Shell elongated, small, smooth, cylindrical, white ; spire pro-
minent ; apex acute ; suture of the whorls wide and deep.

Island of Guam. Mus. Cuming.

12. Butta canaricunata (pl. cxxi. f. 25). Bullina canali-
culata, Say, Amer. Conch. pl. 39. Volvaria canaliculata, Say.

B. testi cylindricé, alba, nitidd, lineis incrementi evanidis ;
spira elevatiusculd ; apice prominente ; anfractibus quinque, sulco
rotundato preeditis; labro anticé arcuato; columellé plicd und
obliqua ad basin.

Shell cylindrical, white, shining, with evanescent lines of growth ;
spire rather elevated; apex prominent; whorls five, furnished
with a rounded groove ; outer lip anteriorly arcuated ; columella
with a single oblique fold at the base.

Carola, U.S. Mus. Metcalfe.

13. Butta mamuriiata (pl. cxxi. f. 26), Philippi, Enum.
Moll. Sicil. vol. i. t. vi. f. 20.

B. testé minuti, cylindricé, longitudinaliter substriaté ; vertice
truncato ; medio papillato; spird conspicud, truncata, anfractibus
tribus, quorum primus papillam elevatam sistit ; apertura superné

567

angusta, lineari, inferné valdé dilataté ; plicd ad basin columellee
vix distincta.

Shell minute, cylindrical, longitudinally substriated; apex
truncated, papillary in the middle ; spire conspicuous, truncated,
whorls three, the first of which consists of an elevated papilla ;
aperture narrow and linear above, dilated below ; columella with
an indistinct plait at the base.

Sicily. Exmouth, England. Mus. Cuming.

14. Butta truncata (pl. exxi. f. 27), Adams, Linn. Trans.
v.1. Montag. t. vi. f. 5. B. semisulcata, Phidippr.

B. testé minuta, cylindrica, basi vix dilataté, superné longi-
tudinaliter sulcaté, sulcis mferné evanidis ; vertice truncato,
concavo ; spiré manifesta, anfractibus 3-4 ; aperturd angusté
lineari, inferné dilatata ; plici ad basin columelle partim manifesta.

Shell minute, cylindrical, a little dilated at the base, above
longitudinally grooved, grooves obsolete below; apex truncated,
concave ; spire visible, whorls 3-4; aperture narrowly linear,
dilated inferiorly ; a faint indication of a plait at the base of the
columella.

Frequent in Sicily. British Islands. Mus. Cuming.

15. Buia Turrita (pl. cxxi. f. 28), Moll, Ind. Moll.
Greenland., p. 79.

B. testa mmuta, cylindrica, alba ; spira producti ; apice acuto ;
vind umbilicali angusté ; anfractibus 34, long. 1:5.

Shell minute, cylindrical, white; spire produced ; apex acute ;
umbilical fissure narrow ; whorls 33, length 1:5.

Greenland. Mus. Brit.

16. Butta opstricra (pl. exxi. f. 29), Gould, Silliman’s
Journ. xxxvill. 196.

B. testa ovato-cylindnica, alba, subleevi, longitudinaliter sulcata ;
spiri. subelevata, anfractibus quatuor, anfractu ultimo in medio
obstricto; columellé uniplicaté; apertura angusta, lineari, in
medio coarctata, inferné dilatata.

Shell ovately cylindrical, white, rather smooth, longitudinally
grooved ; spire somewhat elevated, whorls four, the last whorl
contracted in the middle; columella with a single plait ; aperture
narrow, linear, contracted in the middle, dilated inferiorly.

United States : Massachusetts.

568
17. Buta pusiia (pl. exxi. f. 30), Pfeiffer.

B. testa parva, alba, brevi, subfusiformi; spird subacuminata,
anfractibus tribus, ultimo magno, papilloso; apertura angusta,
labio anticé valde plicato, labio subrecto; rim& umbilicari sub-
aperti.

Shell small, white, short, subfusiform ; spire subacuminated,
whorls three, the last large and papillary ; aperture narrow ; colu-
mella with a very strong anterior fold ; outer lip rather straight ;
umbilical fissure rather wide. Mus. Hanley.

18. Butta coarcrata (pl. exxi. f. 31), Adams.

B. testa ovato-cylindricé, in medio subangustati, alba, mitida,
strus spiralibus, confertis, tenuissimis, undulosis sculpté; spird
subdepressé, anfractibus quatuor, suturaé profundé canaliculata,
lamind spirali é callo columellari cincti ; apertura angusta, in medio
coarctati, infra dilataté ; columella callosd, plicd evanidé; labio
externo, supra rotundato, in medio subinfiexo.

Shell ovately cylindrical, somewhat narrowed in the middle,
white, shining, engraved with very fine close spiral lines; spire
somewhat depressed, whorls four, suture deeply channelled, en-
circled with a spiral lamina from the columellar callus; aperture
narrow, contracted in the middle, inferiorly dilated; columella
callous, with an obsolete fold ; outer lip rounded above, subinflexed
in the middle.

Island of Ficao; coral sands, 6 fathoms, H.C. Mus. Cuming.

19. Butta pLaNosprra (pl. exxi. f. 32), Adams.

B. testa cylindricd, apice truncata, alba, levi, subpellucida,
longitudinaliter suleata ; spira depressa, plana, anfractibus quatuor,
sulcatis, radiatim striatis ; aperturd angusta, anticé dilatata ; colu-
melld callos&, uniplicata.

Shell cylindrical, apex truncated, white, smooth, subpellucid,
longitudinally grooved ; spire depressed, level-topped, whorls four,
grooved, radiately striated ; aperture narrow, anteriorly dilated ;
columella callous, with a single plait.

Sorsagon, Island of Luzon, 4 fathoms, coarse sand. Cuming.

20. Buiia BIPLex (pl. cxxi. f. 33), Adams.

B. testa cylindrica, apice subtruncata, alba, solida, nitida, trans-

569

versim striata; spiri depressi, anfractibus quatuor; apertura
lineari, in medio coarctata, anticé dilatatd ; labro posticé producto,
pariim recedente, in medio inflexo, anticé tuberculo unico ; colu-
mellé uniplicata.

Shell cylindrical, apex subtruncated, white, solid, shiming, trans-
versely striated; spire depressed, whorls four; aperture linear,
contracted in the middle, anteriorly dilated ; outer lip posteriorly
produced, a little receding, reflexed in the middle, anteriorly
with a single strong tubercle ; columella with a single plait.

China Sea. Mus. Cuming.

21. Butta oxrvoeta (pl. exxi. f. 384), Adams.

B. testa cylindrico-fusiformi, solidd, alba, nitida, striis punctato-
undulatis, spiralibus, transversim sculpta ; spird elevato-acuminata,
anfractibus quinque, suturd angusta, lamina spirali vix manifesta ;
aperturd lineari, anticé dilatata, labro in medio subinflexo ; colu-
mell& arcuata, ad basin valdé uniplicata.

Shell cylindrical, fusiform, solid, white, shining, transversely
engraved with punctated undulating spiral striz; whorls five,
suture narrow, spiral lamina hardly visible ; aperture linear,
dilated anteriorly, outer lp somewhat inflexed in the middle ;
columella arched, with a single strong plait at the base.

West Indies. dus. Cuming.

22. Buxta crnorenya (pl. exxi. f. 35), Adams.

B. testa cylindrico-fusiformi, apice acuminata, sublevi, semi-
pellucida, longitudinaliter suleata, fasciis duabus, albis, spiralibus
cincti; spira acuminata, anfractibus quatuor, primo prominente ;
apertura angusta, antice dilataté ; columella plicd valdé distincta ;
rimé umbilicali profunda.

Shell cylindrically fusiform, apex acuminated, rather smooth,
semipellucid, longitudinally sulcated, encircled with two white
spiral bands; spire acuminated, whorls four, the first prominent ;
aperture narrow, anteriorly dilated ; columella with a very distinct
plait ; umbilical fissure deep.

China Sea. Mus. Cuming.

23. Bua GRAcILIs (pl. cxxi. f. 86), Adams.

B. testé cylindrico-fusiformi, gracili, semipellucida, corned,
vertice acuminata, transversim striis minutissimis spiralibus
sculpta ; spira producta, acuminata, anfractibus quatuor, primo

570

prominente ; apertura angustdé, anticé dilatati; columella um-
plicata.

Shell cylindrically fusiform, slender, semipellucid, horn-coloured,
apex acuminated, transversely engraved with very fine spiral striee ;
spire produced, pointed, whorls four, the first prominent; aper-
ture narrow, dilated anteriorly ; columella with a single plait.

China Sea. Mus. Cuming.

24, Buiia FustFormis (pl. cxxi. f. 37), Addams. Tornatella
bullata, Kiener, Monograph.

B. testa cylindrico-fusiformi, alba, levi, subpellucidd, longi-
tudinaliter subsulcata ; spird eclevaté, acuminata, anfractibus
quinque, supra subcanaliculatis; apertura linearl, in medio
coarctaté, anticé dilataté; columellié semiplicaté, plicd callosa ;
labro in medio inflexo.

Shell cylindrically fusiform, white, smooth, semipellucid, longi-
tudinally somewhat sulcated; spire elevated, acuminate, whorls
five, somewhat channelled above; aperture linear, contracted in
the middle, dilated anteriorly ; columella slightly plicated, plait
callous, outer lip reflexed in the middle.

China Sea. Mus. Cuming.

25. Buia stmpiex (pl. exxi. f. 38), Adams.

B. testa ovato-cylindrica, alba, nitida, solida, lavissima, epider-
mide fusci tecté; spiri elevati, anfractibus quinque, ultimo
mammillato ; lamind spirali conspicud ; apertura angusta, anticé
dilatataé ; columella vix callos4, plici evanida.

Shell ovately cylindrical, white, shining, polished, smooth,
covered with a fuscous epidermis; spire elevated, whorls five, the
first one mammillated; spiral lamina conspicuous; aperture
narrow, dilated anteriorly; columella slightly callous, plait
obsolete.

Cagayan, Island of Mindanao, 35 fathoms; sandy mud. Cuming.

26. Buta porita (pl. exxi. f. 39), Adams.

B. test’ ovato-cylindricé, superné rotundati, apice truncata,
alba, solida, nitidé, inferné transversim striata; spird depressa,
anfractibus tribus, rotundatis, levibus; aperturé angusti, posticé
producti, in medio subcoarctata, anticé dilatata, labro in medio
subinflexo, incrassato ; columella plicd valde distincta.

571

Shell ovately cylindrical, rounded above; apex truncated, white,
solid, shining, inferiorly transversely striated; spire depressed,
whorls three, rounded, smooth ; aperture narrow, posteriorly pro-
duced, rather contracted in the middle, dilated anteriorly, outer
lip rather bent in and thickened in the middle; columella with
the fold very distinct.

Bay of Manilla; clayey mud, three fathoms. Cuming.

Sus-cenus Urricuwus.

27. Butta PERTENUIS (pl. cxx. f. 19), Wighels, Bost. Journ.
Nat. Hist. vol. u. p. 846. pl. xvi. f. 3.

B. testé minutia, cylindraced, albida, fragili, hyalina; spira ele-
vata, discoided, anfractibus quatuor, rotundatis, sutura distincta ;
labro superné recto, infra rotundato ; apertura superné angustata,
infra lata.

Shell small, cylindrical, whitish, fragile, hyaline ; spire elevated,
discoidal, whorls four, rounded, suture distinct; outer lip straight
superiorly, rounded inferiorly ; aperture narrow above, wide
below.

Casco Bay, U.S. Mus. Cuming.

28. Burta optusa (pl. cxx. f. 20), Zurt., Walk. Test. min.
tO;

B. test& subcylindricé, opaci, alba, longitudinaliter rugoso-
striaté; spiri distincté, elevatiuscula, anfractibus quatuor vel
quinque ; apertura angusta, in medio coarctati, anticé dilatata ;
columella simplici, subincrassata.

Shell subcylindrical, opake, white, longitudinally roughly stri-
ated ; spire distinct, rather elevated, whorls four or five ; aperture
narrow, contracted in the middle, anteriorly dilated; columella
simple, rather thickened.

British Islands. Mus. Cuming.

29. Butta petLucrpa (pl. cxx. f. 21), Brown. B. candida,
Macgill.

B. testé oblique ovata, parva, pellucidd, inflata, levi, subum-
bilicaté ; spird distincta, plana, anfractibus tribus, primo mammil-
lato; apertura ampla, posticé coarctaté, anticé dilatata.

Shell obliquely ovate, small, pellucid, inflated, smooth, subum-
bilicated; spire distinct, flat, whorls three, the first mammillated
aperture wide, posteriorly contracted, anteriorly dilated.

British Islands. Mus. Cuming.

4k

572

30. Butia Croriin (pl. exx. f. 22), Philippi.

B. testa ovato-cylindrici, levi, tenui, epidermide olivaced tecti,
longitudinaliter substriaté; spira distincta, elevatiusculd, anfrac-
tibus quinque, suturd corrugata; aperturad angusti, antice valdé
dilatataé ; columella arcuata, simplici.

Shell ovately cylindrical, thin, smooth, covered with an oliva-
ceous epidermis, longitudinally substriated; spire distinct, rather
elevated, whorls five, suture corrugated; aperture narrow, an-
teriorly widely dilated ; columella arched, simple.

Mexico. Mus. Hanley.

31. Butta Bornegnsis (pl. xx. f. 23), Adams.

B. testi ovato-cylindricé, levi, subpellucidd, albi, epidermide
ferrugined tectd, longitudinaliter striata’; spird distinctd, plana,
anfractibus quatuor, rotundatis, primo mammillato; apertura an-
gusta, anticé dilatatéi; columella long’, semitortuosi; umbilico
nullo.

A much smaller shell than B. Cecii/ii. It is narrower, more
cylindrical; the aperture is more produced anteriorly ; the colu-
mella is longer and straighter, and the spire is more depressed.
The mud flats at the mouths of many of the rivers of Borneo are
partially covered at low water with this animal; the shell is
always covered, when the animal is alive, with a rust-coloured epi-
dermis.

Borneo. Adams.

Sus-Genus AKERA.

32. Butta sotura (pl. exxi. f. 40), Chemnitz, Mart. Hist.
Conch. x. t. 46. f. 1859-61. Ceylanica, Brug. Ene. Méth. vol. i.
p- 376. B.resiliens, Don. B. flexilis, Brown.

B. testé subcylindricd, longitudinaliter striataé, corned, dia-
phand; suturis canaliculatis ; labro anticé fisso.

Shell subcylindrical, longitudinally striated, horny, diaphanous;
sutures channelled, outer lip anteriorly smmuated as if cut off.

Zanzibar. T. Thorne, Esq. Sandy mud; Philippines. Cuming.

33. Butta Buttata (pl. exxi. f. 41), Akera bullata, Miler,
Zool. Dan. p. 242. Icon. tom. ii. t. 71. f. 1-5. B. fragilis, Lamare/-.
A. Akera, Gm. B. norvegica, Brug. B. soluta parva, Ch.

B. testa subovata, pellucida, levi, corned ; labro superné soluto;
spira truncata.

573

Shell subovate, pellucid, smooth, horny; outer lip superiorly
separated from the last whorl; spire truncate.

West of Ireland. Mus. Cuming.

34. Butta supaneutata (pl. exxi. f. 43), Moller, Ind. Moll.
Greenl. p. 79.

B. testa ovata, ventricosd, subumbilicata, fragilissimé, luted, in
medio anfractu subangulata ; spira depressd, planiusculd, suturd
profunda, anfractibus 34, long. 2°3.

Shell ovate, ventricose, subumbilicated, very fragile, yellow,
subangulated in the middle; spire depressed, rather flat, suture
deep.

Greenland. Mus. Cuming.

35. Butta sicrnota (pl. exxi. f.44), Quoy et Gaimard,
Voy. de l’Astr. pl. 26. f. 31, 32.

B. testa ovato-oblong4, tenuissima, fragili, alba’, duabus vittis
rufulis cincta, striis longitudinalibus et transversis; suturé fissi ;
long. 1 poll., lat. 8 lin.

Shell ovately oblong, very thin, fragile, white, encircled by
two reddish bands, longitudinally and _ transversely striated ;
suture fissured; length 1 in., width 8 lin.

New Holland; Princess Royal Harbour, Port Saint George.

36. Buria renuis (pl. exxi. f. 45), Adams.

B. testé subcylindricd, gracili, anticé producta, cornea, dia-
phand, longitudinaliter striata; spira elevatiuscula.

Shell subcylindrical, slender, anteriorly produced, horny, dia-
phanous, longitudinally striated ; spire rather elevated.

Rain’s Island, Torres Straits. Capt. Ince, R. N. Mus. Cuming.

37. Butta Hanteyi (pl. exxi. f. 46), Adams.

B. testa minuté, ovali, hyalina, corned, levi, longitudinaliter
tenuissimé substriaté; spira depressa, plana.

Shell minute, oval, hyaline, horny, smooth, longitudinally very
finely substriated ; spire depressed, flattened.

Zetland ; dredged by Mr. Me Andrew. Mus. Cuming.

37 a. Butta tumipa (pl. exxv. f. 169), Adams.

B. testa cornea, fragili, ovato-cylindraced, spird subplanata,
4E2

574

semipellucida, in medio tumidi, et prope labium gibbosula, fascié
pallida fuscé vix conspicud ornata, transversim crebriter striata,
longitudinaliter subplicata ; apertura anticé valdé dilatata.

Shell horny, fragile, ovately cylindrical, spire rather flattened,
semipellucid, tumid in the middle, and rather gibbous near the
inner lip, encircled with a faint scarcely conspicuous fuscous band,
transversely very finely striated, longitudinally somewhat plicated ;
aperture anteriorly very much dilated.

Shores of New Zealand; mud.

SuB-GENUS SCAPHANDER.

38. Buiua Licnarta (pl. cxxi. f. 47), Lian., Gm. p. 3425.

B. testa oblonga, laxé convoluté, versus spiram attenuata,
transversim striata, pallidé fulva; spiré truncata, umbilicata.
Shell oblong, loosely convolute, attenuated towards the spire,
transversely striated, pale fulvous ; spire truncated, umbilicated.
Sicily ; Saleomb river, England. Mus. Cuming.

39. Butta vesrita (pl. cxxi. f. 48), Philippi, En. Moll.
Sicil., vol. 11. p. 95. t. 20. f 4.

B. testa oblonga, laxé convoluté, versus spiram attenuata, striis
transversis destituta, fuscd, reticulo albo obtecta; spird truncata,
umbilicata.

Shell oblong, loosely convolute, attenuated towards the spire,
destitute of transverse strize, fuscous, covered with a white net-
work ; spire truncated, umbilicated.

Sicily.

40. Butta tinnoara (pl. exxi. f. 49), Couthouy, Bost.
Journ. Nat. Hist., vol. 1. p. 179, pl. 3. f. 15.

B. test& parvuld, oblongo-ovata, epidermide ferrugined tecta,
transversin oblique frequenterque striaté; spird prominula ; aper-
turi magna, ad basin valdé dilataté et subeffusd ; columella
oblique subplicata.

Shell small, oblong-ovate, covered with a ferruginous. epidermis,
transversely, obliquely, and closely striated; spire rather promi-
nent ; aperture wide, greatly dilated at the base ; columella
obliquely subplicated.

Massachusetts Bay. Mus. Cuming.

575

41. Buia puncro-srriata (pl. cxxi. f. 50), Maghels, Bost.
Journ. Nat. Hist. vol. v. p. 43. pl. 4. f. 10.

B. testa alba, solidd, ovaté, eleganter striaté ; stris crebris
ineequidistantibus punctatis ; spi occult’; aperturd magna,
superné angustd; labro acuto, arcuato ; long. =; poll., lat. 3; poll.

Shell white, solid, ovate, elegantly striated ; striae waved, punc-
tated, at unequal distances; spire concealed ; aperture wide, nar-
rowed above; outer lip acute, arcuated. Differs from B. Lineolata,
Couth., in its larger size, outer lip being elevated above the apex
and by the punctate striz.

Casco Bay, Massachusetts. Mus. Cuming.

42. Butia prectinata (pl. exxi. f. 51), Mill, Zool. Dan.
vol. u. p. 41. t. 71. f..10. Scaphander catenatus, Leach. B.
denticulata, dd. B. angustata, Bivon. Phil.

B. testa parva, elongato-ovali, posticé angustata, alba, lineis
transversis distinctis punctatis ; apertura postice coarctata, anticé
dilatata ; labro anticé valdé pectinata.

Shell small, elongately oval, posteriorly narrowed, white, with
distinct transverse punctate lines; aperture posteriorly contracted,
anteriorly dilated; outer lip anteriorly strongly pectinated.

Britain; Denmark. Mus. Cuming.

Sus-cenus Buta.

43. B. amputua (pl. exxu. f. 59-62), Linn., Gm. p. 3424,
no. 10.

B. animale bipollicari, flavo-fusco, rufo-fusco marmorato ; oculis
nigris, annulo tenui albido cinctis.

B. testi ovato-subglobosa, inflata, solidi, fusco et rufo-fusco
varie picta (interdum obsoleté 4-fasciatd) ; labro non inflexo.

Animal two iches in length, yellowish fuscous, marbled with
red-brown ; eyes black, surrounded with a whitish ring.

Shell ovately somewhat globose, inflated, variously painted,
sometimes obsoletely four-banded ; outer lip not inflected ; apex
wnbilicated.

Philppines, Island of Zebu; sandy mud at mouths of rivers.
Cuming. Mus. Cuming.

44, Butta Amyepawus (pl. exxu. f. 63), Lister, Hist. Conch.
t. 714. f. 72. B. striata, Brug., Kne. Méth. vol. i. p. 372.

B, testa oblong’, opacd, mnferne et superné transversim striata,

576

versus spiram angustata, vertice profundé umbilicata, pallidé rufa,
fusco alboque variegata, aut virescente-olivaced.

Shell ovately oblong, opake, inferiorly and superiorly trans-
versely striated, narrowed towards the spire, apex deeply umbili-
cated, variegated with white and fuscous or greenish olive.

Gulf of Mexico; West Indies. dus. Cuming.

45. Buiua austratis (pl. exxi. f. 64-66), Quoy et Gaim.,
Voy. de l’Astr. pl. 26. f. 38, 39.

B. testé elongato-cylindraced, varié picti ; apice tenuissimé
perforato ; labro recto.

Shell elongately cylmdrical, variously painted ; apex very finely
perforated ; outer lip straight.

Tahiti; on the reefs. Cuming.

46. Butta Apansonti (pl. exxin. f. 69), Philippi, Zeitschr.
fiir Malak. 1847. p. 121. “ Gosson,” Adanson. Bulla striata,
Auct. ex parte.

B. testa ovato-oblonga, solida, albida, griseo et nigro varia, in-
feritis striata ; vertice perforato ; apertura inferius dilatata, supe-
rius angustatd ; labro medio depresso, rectilineo, alt. 11, tab. 6+.

Shell ovately oblong, solid, whitish varied with grey and black,
inferiorly striated; apex perforated ; aperture inferiorly dilated,
superiorly narrowed ; outer lip depressed and rectilinear in the
middle.

Senegambia.

47. Butta mepta (pl. exxin. f. 70), Philippi, Zeitschr. fiir
Malak. 1847. p. 121. B. striata, Auct. ex parte.

B. test& ovata, solid, albida, rufo et fusco varid, modo inferiis
transversim striata; vertice umbilicato ; apertura inferits dilatata,
superits subangustatd; labro medio depresso, rectilineo.

Shell ovate, solid, whitish varied with red-brown and red, only
transversely striated inferiorly ; apex umbilicated; aperture infe-
riorly dilated, superiorly somewhat narrowed ; outer hip depressed
and rectilinear in the middle.

West Indies.

48. Butta Quoyii (pl. cxxui. f. 71), Gray, MS. Brit. Mus.

B. testA ovaté, ventricosa, sublevigata, vertice profunde umbi-
licati, fusco alboque variegata ; labro acuto, arcuato.

577

Shell ovate, ventricose, rather light and thin ; apex umbilicated,
variegated with white and fuscous; outer lip acute, arcuated.

Gallipagos Islands; coral sand, 6-8 fathoms. Cuming. Mus.
Cuming.

49. Buia occrpentatis (pl. exxii. f. 72, 73), Adams.

B. test ovato-oblong4, opaca, solida, pallidé rufescente, maculis
lineisque undulatis rufis variegatad, antice transversim striata.
Shell ovately oblong, opake, solid, pale reddish, variegated with
red-brown spots and waved lines, anteriorly transversely striated.
West Indies, St. Vincent’s; Guilding. Mus. Cuming.

50. Buiia optonea (pl. exxii. f. 74), Adams.

B. test& ovato-oblongd, utrinque attenuata, longitudinaliter
substriata, striis minutissimis transversis, fusco et rufo-fusco varié
picta ; labro arcuato.

Shell ovately oblong, narrowed at both ends, longitudinally
substriated, with very fine transverse strize, variously painted with
brown and red-brown; outer lip regularly arcuated.

Philippines, and Island of Aunaa; onthe reefs. Cuming.

51. Buria cruuntata (pl. exxvi. f. 75), Adams.

B. ovato-globosa, inflata, solidi, opaci, maculis sanguineis albo-
punctatis variegati, ints albida.

Shell ovately globose, inflated, solid, opake, variegated with
blood-red spots punctated with white, white internally.

Moluccas. Cuming.

52. Butta RuFOLABRIS (pl. exxii. f. 76), Adams.

B. testa elongato-cylindraced, solid’, opacd, longitudinaliter
sulcosi, rufescente, maculis cinereis albo-punctatis picti; labro
subrecto, in medio inflexo, margine rufo.

Shell elongately cylindrical, solid, opake, longitudinally
grooved, reddish, painted with dark ash-coloured spots punctured
with white ; outer lip rather straight, reflexed im the middle,
margin of a red colour.

Gallipagos Islands; fine coral sand, 6 fathoms. Cuming.

53. Butta puncrata (pl. exxi. f. 77), Adams.

B. testa ovato-oblonga, solidd, opaci, nitida, pallidé rufescente,

578

maculis nigris albo-punctatis pict, fasciis duabus pallidé brunneis
cincta; labro subrecto arcuato.

Shell ovately oblong, solid, opake, shimimg, pale reddish,
painted with black and white punctated spots, encircled with two
pale brown bands; outer lip rather straight, arcuated.

Panama ; sandy mud, 10 fathoms. Cuming.

54, Buxia aspersa (pl. exxin. f. 78), Adams.

B. testi ovato-oblongaé, anticé angustati, solida, opaci, longitu-
dinaliter substriata, striis minutissimis undulatis confertis, maculis
albo-punctatis picta ; labro subrecto, angulo ejus supero producto ;
labio incrassato, inttis albo.

Shell oblong-ovate, narrowed anteriorly, solid, opake, longitu-
dinally substriated, with numerous very fine stric, painted with
white punctured spots; outer lip rather straight, its upper angle
produced ; inner hp thickened, white internally.

Payta, Peru; fine black sand, 6-8 fathoms. Cuming.

55. Butta neButosa (pl. cxxi. f. 79, 80), Gould, Nar.
Un. States Surv. Exp.

B. ovato-globosa, inflata, leevigataé, opacd, versus spiram suban-
gustati, cinerascente, maculis guttatis albo-cinereis pict, intts
cinerea, iridescente.

Shell ovately globose, inflated, hight, rather thin, opake, some-
what narrowed towards the spire, painted with ashy drop-like spots
punctated with white, internally ashy and iridescent.

Guaymas, Gulf of California; m sand, 12 inches. Mus.
Cuming.

Sus-cenus HamInea.

56. Butta uypatis (pl. exxiv. f. 81, 82), Lcnn., Gmel.,
p. 3424, no. 9. B. hyalina, Gme/. B. navicula, Da Costa.
B. cornea, Lamarck.

B. test& ovato-rotundata, tenui, pellucida, longitudinaliter sub-
striata, corneo-flavescente ; lineolis transversis, exilissimis ; vertice
umbilicato.

Shell ovately rounded, thin, pellucid, longitudinally somewhat
striated, yellowish horn-colour, with very fine transverse wavy
lines ; apex umbilicated.

Salcomb Bay, Devonshire.

579

57. Butia virescens (pl. exxiv. f. 83), Sowerby, Genera,
no. xxxix. f. 2.

B. test& subovali, aperta, virescente, semipellucida, versus spi-
ram valdé angustatd, longitudinaliter substriaté, lineis transversis
minutissimis (oculo nudo inconspicuis) ; aperturd ampli, anticé
dilatat4, posticé coarctatd, labro superne producto, posticé inflexo.

Shell suboval, open, greenish, semipellucid, greatly narrowed
towards the spire, longitudinally substriated, with very minute
transverse lines (not visible with the naked eye) ; aperture wide,
anteriorly dilated, posteriorly contracted ; outer lip produced above,
posteriorly inflexed.

Pitcairn’s Island ; on rocks at low water. Cuming.

58. Butta inscutpra (pl. exxiv. f. 84), Zodten, Silli-
man’s Journ. xxvii. 350. fig. 4. B. solitaria, Say. 3B. Rein-
hardi, Hold.

B. testa albo-cerulescente, fragili ; anfractu ultimo amplo, lineis
transversis minutis ; apice umbilicato.

More oval than B. Aydatis, and of a peculiar bluish-white
colour; the sculpture is the same.

North America. Mus. Cuming.

59. Butta oryza (pl. exxiv. f. 85), Zotten, Silliman’s
Journ. xxvill. 350. f. 5.

B. test4 minut, alba, nitidd, subovali; anfractu ultimo amplo,
striis paucis transversis sculpto ; apice depresso, imperforato.
Shell minute, white, shining, suboval; the last whorl large,
with a few transverse striz ; apex depressed, imperforate.
Massachusetts.

60. Butia Nataensits (pl. exxiv. f. 86), Krauss, Sudatrik.
Moll. p. 71. Tab. iv. f. 14.

B. testa ovato-globosi, subventricosd, tenuissima, pellucida,
nitida, flavo-virescente, longitudinaliter striaté; vertice subumbi-
hcato ; apertura ampla, anticé dilatataé; margine externo arcuato,
superné producto, rotundato.

Shell ovately globose, subventricose, very thin, pellucid, shin-
ing, yellowish-green, longitudinally striated, apex somewhat wn-
bilicated ; aperture wide, anteriorly dilated ; outer margin arched,
superiorly produced and rounded. Length 44, lat. 3°3 lines.

Shores of Natal. Mus. Cuming.

4 F

580

61. BouLia Guinprner (pl. exxiv. f. 87-89). Bulleea Guil-
dingu, Swains., Malac. p. 251. f. 46.

B. test& ovato-oblonga, subcylindraced, tenui, pellucida, corned,
albo-rufescente, longitudinaliter substriaté, lineis transversis in-
sculptis subdistantibus.

Shell ovately oblong, subcylindrical, thin, pellucid, horny white
or rufescent, longitudinally somewhat striated, with transverse
engraved lines rather wide apart.

Jamaica. Mr. Phil. Gosse. Mus. Cuming.

62. Butta cymBaLum (pl. exxiv. f. 90), Quoy e¢ Gaim.,
Voy. de l’Ast. pl. 26. f. 26, 27.

B. testa fragili, pellucida, globosa, levi, albi; apertura anticé
laté, posticé angustata, margine dextro leviter inflecto ; apice
retuso. Long. 7 lin., lat. 5 ln.

Shell fragile, pellucid, globose, smooth, white ; aperture ante-
riorly wide, posteriorly narrowed, outer margin slightly inflated ;
apex blunt. Length 7 lines, breadth 5 lines.

Smooth and polished, with faint longitudinal striz of growth.

Island of Guam. Mus. Cuming.

63. Butta pempuis (pl. exxiv. f. 91), Phelippi, Zeitschr. fiir
Malak. 1847. p. 122. LB. Zealandie, Gray, MS. Mus. Brit.

B. test& subgloboso-rotundata, tenwi, pellucidd, 6 rufescente
albi, lineolis transversis exilissimis sculpt; vertice umbilicato ;
apertura basi dilataté; labio arcte adnato. Alt. 7, diam. 53.

Shell subglobosely rounded, thin, pellucid, reddish-white, en-
graved with very fine transverse lines ; apex umbilicated ; aperture
dilated at the base ; immer lip narrow, adnate.

Red Sea. Mus. Cuming.

64. Butta ELEGANS (pl. exxiv. f. 92), Gray, Wood, Ind. Test.
Suppl. pl. 3. f. 2. B. perforata, Philippi, Zeitschr. fiir Malak.
1847. p. 122.

B. testa ovato-rotundata, tenui, pellucida, alba, lneolis trans-
versis exilissimis sculpté ; vertice umbilicato ; apertura basi dila-
tata ; labio fissuram umbilicalem formante.

Shell ovately rounded, thin, pellucid, white, engraved with very
fine transverse lines; apex umbilicated ; aperture dilated at the
base ; inner lip forming an umbilical fissure.

Manila. Cuming.

581

65. Buta Brevis (pl. exxiv. f. 93), Quoy et Gaim., Voy.
de l’Astr. pl. 26. f. 36, 37.

B. test’ minima, solidiusculd, cylindraced, extremitatibus trun-
cata, albi, anticé striata. Long. 5 lin., lat. 3 lin.

Shell small, rather solid, cylindrical, ends truncated, white, an-
teriorly striated. Length 5 lines, width 3 lmes.

Anterior extremity of shell transversely striated, with about
twenty lines ; the rest of the shell is smooth, with the exception
of the longitudinal lines of growth.

New Holland, Port Saint George. Mus. Cuming.

66. Butxa Fusca (pl. exxiv. f. 94), ddams.

B. testa ovato-globosi, infra subventricos’, tenui, semiopaci,
longitudinaliter obliqué striata, lineis transversis exilissimis, inttis
fusca.

Shell globosely ovate, inferiorly subventricose, thin, semiopake,
longitudinally obliquely striated, with very fine transverse lines,
internally fuscous.

Cagayan, Island of Mindanao, 25 fathoms ; sandy mud. Cuming.

67. Buxza constricta (pl. exxiv. f. 95), Adams.

B. test&é ovato-oblonga, versus spiram angustata, impressione
lineari constrict, anticé producti, tenui, pellucida, corned, sub-
fusca, lineis transversis exilissimis, longitudinaliter substriata.

Shell oblong, ovate, narrowed towards the spire, constricted
with a linear impression, anteriorly produced, thin, pellucid,
horny, subfuscous, with very fine transverse lines, longitudinally
somewhat striated.

Philippines. Sorsogon, Luzon ; sandy mud, at low water.
Cuming.

68. Butia eiapra (pl. cxxiv. f. 96), Adams.

B. testé ovato-cylindraced, levi, solidiuscula, albi, nitida, ex-
tremitatibus subtruncatis rotundatis, transversim tota striata, striis
insculptis, subdistantibus ; aperturd antice dilatata.

Shell ovately cylindrical, smooth, rather solid, white, shming,
extremities subtruncated, rounded, entirely transversely striated,
strie engraved, rather wide apart ; aperture anteriorly dilated.

TTab. ? = Mus. Cuming.

4F 2

582
69. Buia ampicua (pl. exxiv. f. 97), Adams.

B. test& ovato-cylindraced, alba, pellucida, anticé attenuata,
tota transverse striata, striis insculptis, distantibus; labro sub-
arcuato.

Shell ovately cylindrical, white, pellucid, anteriorly attenuated,
entirely transversely striated, striz engraved, wide apart; outer
lip somewhat arched.

Port King George, New Ireland. Mus. Cuming.

70. Butta Stnensts (pl. exxiv. f. 98), Adams.

B. testi subovali, aperté, semiopaca, albi, longitudinaliter sub-
striata, lineis transversis insculptis, subdistantibus ; apertura valde
aperté, anticé dilatati, posticé producti.

Shell somewhat oval, open, semiopake, white, longitudinally
substriated, with transverse engraved lines rather wide apart ;
aperture very wide, anteriorly dilated, posteriorly produced.

China Seas. us. Cuming.

71. Buta Fiavescens (pl. exxiv. f. 99), Adams.

B. test& parva, subovali, anticé semitruncatd, subflava, pellu-
cidi, longitudinaliter substriaté, lineis minutissimis transversis
creberrimis ; labro posticé angulato, rotundato.

Shell small, suboval, anteriorly semitruncated, yellowish, pellu-
cid, longitudinally substriated, with very minute transverse lines
very close together ; outer lip posteriorly angled and rounded.

fab. P Mus. Cuming.

72. Butta curva (pl. exxiv. f. 100), Adams.

B. testa elongato-cylindraced, tenui, pellucida, alba, extremita-
tibus truncatis, totd transverse striata, striis insculptis, subdistan-
tibus ; labro recto posticé producto.

Shell elongately cylindrical, thin, pellucid, white, extremities
truncated, entirely transversely striated, strie engraved, rather
wide apart ; outer lip straight, posteriorly produced.

Hab. P Mus. Cuming.

73. Butta papyrus (pl. exxiv. f. 101), Adams.

B. testé cylindrica, papyriformi, anticé vix dilatata, alba, sub-
pellucida, extremitatibus truncatis, subrotundatis, longitudinaliter

583

substriaté, lineis insculptis transversis tota obtecta, lineis subdis-
tantibus.

Shell cylindrical, in form of a roll of paper, anteriorly slightly
dilated, white, semipellucid, extremities truncated, slightly rounded,
longitudinally somewhat striated, entirely covered with transverse
engraved lines, lines rather wide apart.

Shores of Borneo. Mus. Cuming.

74. Buxwa virrua (pl. exxiv. f. 102), Adams.

B. testa ovato-cylindraced, alba, pellucida, longitudinaliter sub-
striata, sub lente minutissimé transversim striata ; labro subrecto,
posticé producto, rotundato.

Shell ovately cylindrical, white, pellucid, longitudinally substri-
ated, under the lens very finely transversely striated ; outer lip
rather straight, posteriorly produced and rounded.

Cagayan, Island of Mindanao; Island of Luzon; sands. Cuming.

75. Butia tenera (pl. exxiv. f. 103), Adams.

B. testé obliqué subovali, corned, pellucidd, longitudinaliter
valdé striata, subviridi, minutissimis lineis transversis ; labro recto,
posticé rotundato.

Shell obliquely oval, horny, pellucid, longitudinally strongly
striated, rather green, with very minute transverse lines; outer
lip straight, posteriorly rounded.

Hab. P Mus. Cuming.

76. BuLLA TENELLA (pl. exxiv. f. 104), Adams.

B. test’ ovali, anticé subangustati, tenui, fragilissima, corned,
pellucida, in medio subgibbosi, longitudinaliter substriatd, trans-
versim irregulariter liraté, lineis minutissimis transversis ; labro
in medio subangulato, posticé producto, rotundato.

Shell oval, anteriorly somewhat narrowed, thin, fragile, horny,
pellucid, somewhat gibbous in the middle, longitudinally substri-
ated, with transverse irregular ridges and very fine lines; outer
hip rather angulated in the middle, posteriorly produced and
rounded.

Lab.

> = Mus. Cuming.

77. Butia rorunpata (pl. exxiv. f. 105), Adams.

B. testa rotundato-ovali, tenui, cornea, subpellucidd, utrmque

584:

rotundata, longitudinaliter striata, sub lente lineis transversis
minutissimis ; labro eequaliter arcuato.

Shell roundly ovate, thin, horny, semipellucid, rounded at both
ends, longitudinally striated under the lens, with very fine trans-
verse lines ; outer lip equally arched.

Hab. —-—? Mus. Cuming.

78. Butta succtnea (pl. exxiv. f. 106), Conrad, Proc.
Acad. Nat. Sc. Phil. 1846. Feb. pl. i. f. 5.

B. testa cylindrica, pertenui, diaphand, succined, lineis confertis
transversis cincti; columella concava, ad basin canaliculata ; labro
recto, postice producto,

Shell cylindrical, very thin, diaphanous, of an amber colour,
marked with crowded minute revolving wrinkled lines ; columella
concave or channelled towards the base; outer lip straight, the
hind margin above the line of the apex.

Tampa Bay. Mus. Metcalfe.

78 a. Buwta castanna (pl. exxiv. f. 106 a), Adams.

B. testa solidi, oblongo-ovali; spiri umbilicata, albida, epider-
mide fusco-ferrugined tecta, lineolis creberrimis transversis sub
lente insculpta, leis anticis conspicuis, distantioribus, longitudi-
naliter substriaté; labio anticé albo, incrassato ; apertura mtts
albida.

Shell solid, oblong, oval; spire umbilicated, whitish, covered
with a brown ferruginous epidermis, engraved (under the lens) with
very fine close-set lines, the anterior ones very distinct and wide
apart, longitudinally substriated; inner lip anteriorly white and
thickened ; aperture white within.

Shores of New Zealand; 4 fathoms, mud.

Sus-GENus Arys.

79. Butta navcum (pl. exxiv. f. 107-109), Linn., Gmel.
p. 3424.

B. testa rotundata, pellucida, utrinque subumbilicatd, undique
transversim striata, alba.

Shell rounded, pellucid, somewhat umbilicated at both ends,
transversely striated throughout, white.

Philippines, Borneo ; on muddy sand-banks. Cuming.

585

80. Butta rerrvuetnosa (pl. exxiv. f. 110), Chemn., Hist.
Conch. i. t. 22. f. 209, 210.

B. testa ovoided, tenui, fragil, leviter umbilicatd, utrinque
transversim striata, maculis ferrugineis undulatis longitudinaliter
ornata.

Shell ovoid, thin, fragile, slightly umbilicated, transversely stri-
ated at both ends, marked with undulated rust-coloured bands in
a longitudinal direction.

Hab. P Mus. Cuming.

81. Butta ovorpea (pl. exxiv. f. 111), Quoy e¢ Gaim., Voy.
de PAstr. pl. 26. f. 17, 18.

B. testa ovata, fragili, alba, leviter umbilicata, anticé transver-
sim striata, striis tenuissimis, longitudinalibus.

Shell ovate, fragile, white, slightly umbilicated, anteriorly trans-
versely striated, and with very fine longitudinal striz.

Ammal yellowish-green, with brown blotches, and one tongue-
shaped marking on the head between the eyes.

Island of Guam, Australia; J. B. Jukes, Esq. Mus. Cuming.

82. Butta sovipa (pl. cxxiv. f. 112, 113), Braug., Ene,
Méth. vol. i. p. 874.

B. testa oblongo-ovata, alba, solidd, epidermide subfusca tecta,
utrinque valdé transverseé striata ; ultimo anfractu in medio obtusé
carinato ; labro posticé tortuoso, producto, in medio subangulato ;
labio anticé vix plicato.

Shell ovately oblong, white, solid, covered with a light brown
epidermis, strongly transversely grooved at each end, smooth in
the middle, the last whorl obtusely carinated in the middle ; outer
lip posteriorly twisted and produced, rather angled in the middle ;
inner lip anteriorly with a slight fold.

Philippines. Cuming.

83. Bunta cytinprica (pl. xxv. f. 114), Helblings, Chemn.
x. t. 146. f. 1856, 1857. Bulla cylindrica, Brag.

B. testa cylindricé, elongata, involuta, alba, in vertice umbili-

A A ey = an = - ks A . "A A
cata ; area antica et postica transversim striata, intermedia glabra ;
apertura oblong’; columellé sinuosi; labio replicato.

Shell cylindrical, elongated, involute, white ; apex umbilicated,

586

anteriorly and posteriorly striated, intermediate space smooth ;
aperture oblong; columella sinuous ; inner lip reflected.
Pasacao, Island of Luzon; sandy mud, low water. Cuming.

84. Butta Crancui (pl. cxxv. f. 115), Leach, MS.
B. Utriculus, Brosch. B. intermedia, Aradas.

B. testa ovata, subsolidioni, perforata, corneo-flavescente, striis
transversis punctatis, subflexuosis ; vertice profundé wmbilicato ;
labio anticé subtruncato.

Shell ovate, rather solid, wmbilicated, yellowish horn-colour,
with numerous transverse, rather wavy, punctated strie ; apex
deeply umbilicated ; inner lip anteriorly somewhat truncated.

Salcomb bay, Devon. Mus. Cuming.

85. Buta succisa (pl. cxxv. f. 116), Hhrenberg, Symb.
Phys.

B. testa oblongo-ovati, tenui, utrinque transverse striata, alba ;
labro prope spiram inclusam uniplicato, altero fine truncato.
Long 5 lin., lat. 3 lin.

Shell ovately oblong, thin, transversely striated at both ends,
white; outer lip near the spire with a single fold, the other end
truncated. Length 5 lines, width 3 lines.

Shores of the Red Sea. Mus. Cuming.

86. Buia tRuNcaATULA (pl. exxv. f. 117), Braug., Phil. En.
Moll. Sicil. t. 7. f. 21. B. umbilicata, Montag.

B. testa minuta, oblonga, subcylindrica, levissima, lacted ; ver-
tice rotundato ; columella basi subtruncata.

Shell small, oblong, subcylindrical, very smooth, white ; apex
rounded ; columella somewhat truncated at the base.

Sicily. Mus. Cuming.

87. Butta ovutata (pl. cxxv. f. 118), Broch., p. 277. t. 1.
1.5.

B. testa parva, cylindrico-oblongd, hyalina, stris subtilissimis
transversis (oculo nudo non conspicuis) exaratéi; apice obtuso,
umbilicato ; columella inferné obsoleté uniplicata.

Shell small, cylindrically oblong, hyaline, marked with very fine
transverse strie (not visible to the naked eye); apex obtuse,
umbilicated ; columella inferiorly with a single obsolete plait.

Sicily. Mus. Cuming.

587

88. Butta niemais (pl, exxv. f. 119), Couthouy, Bost.
Journ. Nat. Hist. vol. ii. p. 180. pl. 4. f. 5.

B. testa perparva, hyalina, globosi, fragili, convoluti, longitu-
dinaliter tenué striata ; spird null ; apertura superné angusti, ad
basin valdé dilataté ; columellé subarcuata, reflexd, umbilicata.

Shell very small, hyaline, globose, fragile, convoluted, longitu-
dinally finely striated ; spire none; aperture narrow above, greatly
dilated at the base ; columella somewhat arched, reflected, umbi-
licated. Length 54, in., width 4, in.

Massachusetts Bay, U.S.

89. Butta Tortuosa (pl. cxxv. f. 120), Adams.

B. testd ovoided, utrinque valdé producti, flavescente, pellucida,
perforata, anticé et posticé transversim striata; labro posticé valdé
tortuoso ; labio recto, uniplicato.

Shell ovoid, produced at both ends, yellowish, pellucid, umbili-
cated, anteriorly and posteriorly transversely striated ; outer lip
posteriorly strongly twisted ; inner lip anteriorly straight, with a
single fold.

Island of Camaguing, Philippines ; 30 fathoms, sandy mud.
Mus. Cuming.

90. Butta Evoneata (pl. exxv. f. 121), Adams.

B. testa subcylindricd, anticé angustiore, alb’, subpellucida,
nitida, anticé et posticé transversim striaté, intermedia glabra ;
labro posticé valdé tortuoso et producto ; labio anticé planiusculo,
vix plicato.

Shell subcylindrical, narrower anteriorly, white, subpellucid,
shining, anteriorly and posteriorly transversely striated, the inter-
mediate space polished ; outer lip posteriorly strongly twisted and
produced ; inner lip anteriorly rather flattened, with a slight fold.

Ceylon. Dr. Sibdold. Island of Zebu, Philippines. Cuming.

91. Buxxa spsciosa (pl. cxxv. f. 122), Adams.

B. testa ovali, perforata, posticé angustatd, subtruncata, antice
rotundaté, ventricosd, albé, semiopacd, nitidd, longitudinaliter
superné valde striaté, inferné striis evanidis utrinque transverse
striaté ; labro intts incrassato, posticé tortuoso, uniplicato ; labio
reflexo, antice subplicato.

Shell oval, perforated, posteriorly narrowed and subtruncated,
anteriorly rounded and ventricose, white, semiopake, shining,
longitudinally superiorly strongly striated, inferior striae evanes-

iG

588

cent, transversely striated at both ends ; outer lip thickened with-
in, posteriorly twisted, with a single plait ; inner lip reflexed,
anteriorly semiplicated.

Hab. > Mus. Metcalfe.

92. Butta monoponta (pl. exxv. f. 123), Adams.

B. testé subcylindricd, posticé subtruncatd, anticé producti,
solidi, opacd, longitudinaliter sulcaté ; labro in medio inflexo ;
labio antice valde truncato, in plici dentiformi desinente.

Shell subcylindrical, posteriorly subtruncated, anteriorly pro-
duced, solid, opake, longitudinally grooved; outer lip inflexed in
the middle; inner lip strongly truncated anteriorly, and ending
in a dentiform plate.

Shores of Borneo. Mus. Cuming.

93. Butta pentirera (pl. exxv. f. 124), Adams.

B. testé ovoided, postice subtruncati, anticé producti, corned,
pellucida, longitudinaliter sulcaté ; labro simplici, acuto ; labio
anticé valdé truncato, in plicd dentiformi desinente.

Shell ovoid, posteriorly subtruncated, anteriorly produced, horny,
pellucid, longitudinally sulcated; outer lip simple, acute; inner
lip anteriorly strongly truncated, ending in a dentiform plate.

Lord Hood’s Island; found on Avicula margaritifera. Cuming.
Mus. Cuming.

94. Butta nonscripta (pl. exxv. f. 125), Adams.

B. test& ovato-cylindricé, alba, subpellucidd, longitudinaliter
striatA, posticé subtruncatd, anticé producti ; labro subrecto ;
labio anticé valdé truncato, in plicd dentiformi desinente.

Shell ovately cylindrical, white, subpellucid, longitudinally
striated, posteriorly subtruncated, anteriorly produced ; outer lip
rather straight; inner lip anteriorly strongly truncated, ending
in a tooth-like plait.

95. Burta Aricuna (pl. exxv. f. 126), Alicula cylindrica,
Ehrenberg, Symb. Phys. t. 4. f. 6.

B. test& semipollicari, subcylindricé, tenui, antico et postico
fine transversé striata, hyalina; soled exustd, albi; labro medio
non reflexo, superné uniplicato, altero fine rotundato. Animale
flavicante ; scuto capitis et alarum margine leete viridibus ; capite
rhomboide, subacuto.

589

Shell half an inch in length, subcylindrical, thin, the anterior
and posterior ends transversely striated, hyaline ; the under part
brownish white; outer lip not reflexed in the middle, with a
single fold above, the other end rounded. Animal yellowish ; the
head and dilated sides of the foot light green; head rhomboid,
subacute.

Near Suez and Djedda, Red Sea. Mus. Cuming.

96. Buxya nitrpa (pl. exxv. f. 127), Adams.

B. testé perparva, obovaté, alba, opacd, nitidd, basi dilatata,
vertice rotundato, profundé umbilicato, superné et inferné trans-
versim striaté; apertura superné productd, angustd, inferné dila-
tata ; columella simplici, reflex ; umbilico parvo ; labro superné
rotundato, arcuato.

Shell very small, obovate, white, opake, shining, dilated at the
base, apex rounded and deeply umbilicated, transversely striated
above and below ; aperture produced above and narrow, inferiorly
dilated ; columella simple, reflected ; umbilicus small; outer lip
rounded superiorly and arched.

Shores of Borneo. Mus. Cuming.

97. Butta pyrirormis (pl. cxxv. f. 128), Adams.

B. test& parva, obovataé, basi valdé dilatata, gibbosula, nitidé,
levi, alba, pellucida, apice truncata, obsoleté longitudinaliter sul-
cata, superne et inferné transversim striaté; spird non manifesta,
vertice subumbilicato ; aperturd superné angusta, inferné valdé
dilatata ; labio externo, superné acute truncato ; columella reflex,
in medio subcaliosd ; umbilico profundo.

Shell small, obovate, greatly dilated at the base, gibbose, shin-
ing, white, smooth, pellucid, apex truncated, obsoletely longitudi-
nally sulcated, above and below transversely striated ; spire not
visible, apex slightly umbilicated ; aperture narrowed above, and
greatly dilated below; outer lip acutely truncated above ; colu-
mella reflected, rather callous in the middle ; umbilicus deep.

China Sea. Mus. Cuming.

98. Butta Exieva (pl. exxv. f. 129), Adams.

B. testi parva, elongato-ovali, posticé angustata, alba, nitidé,
longitudinaliter substriata, sub lente minutissimeé striata ; apertura
angusti, lineari, anticé dilataté; labro posticé producto, flexuoso ;
labio subcalloso.

4G 2

590

Shell small, elongately oval, posteriorly narrowed, white, shin-
ing, longitudinally substriated, under the lens very minutely stri-
ated ; aperture narrow, linear, anteriorly dilated ; outer lip pos-
teriorly produced, flexuous; inner lip subcallous.

Port Lincoln. Mus. Metcalfe.

99. Buta parvuta (pl. exxv. f. 180), Adams.

B. testa parva, ovali, alba, nitida, transversim tot striata, stris
confertis ; labro arcuato, posticé producto, anticé dilatato ; labio
vix tortuoso, subtruncato.

Shell small, oval, white, shining, transversely entirely striated,
strie close together ; outer lip arched, posteriorly produced, an-
teriorly dilated ; inner lip slightly tortuous, subtruncated.

Port Lincoln. Mus. Metcalfe.

100. Burts Horpeacea (pl. exxv. f. 181), Adams.

B. testa parva, ovali, alba, nitidd, transversim valde tota striata,
striis subdistantibus; labro arcuato, posticé producti, anticé ro-
tundato; labio anticé valdé tortuoso, subtruncato.

Shell small, oval, white, shining, transversely strongly entirely
striated, strive rather wide apart; outer lip arched, posteriorly
produced, anteriorly rounded ; inner lip anteriorly strongly twisted,
subtruncated.

Port Lincoln, Australia. Mus. Metcalfe.

Sus-GENus CyLicHNna.

101. Buia cytinpracea (pl. exxv. f. 1382), Pennant, Zool.
Brit. vol. iv. pl. 73. f. 5, 6. B. convoluta, Brocchi. LB. oliva,
Gmelin.

B. testé cylindricé, levi, alba; apertura lieari, basin versus
partum dilataté; vertice obtuso, perforato ; striis transversis nullis
(aut evanidis) ; columella callosd, uniplicata.

Shell cylindrical, smooth, white ; aperture linear, slightly di-
lated towards the base; apex obtuse, perforated ; transverse strize
obsolete, or none; columella callous, with a single plait.

British Islands.

102. Butta aracuis (pl. exxv. f. 133, 134), Quoy, Voy.
de l Astrolabe.

B. testa solida, longo-cylindrica, transversim tenuissime striata,

591

alba, epidermide cinnamomea tect4; spira perforata. Long. 8 lin.,
lat. 32 ln.

Shell solid, elongately cylindrical, transversely finely striated,
white, covered with a reddish-brown epidermis; spire perforated.
Length 8 lines, width 32 lines.

New Holland ; Port St. George.

103. Butta Sarstt (pl. exxv. f. 135), Phclippe.

B. testa ovato-cylindraced, posticé truncata, anticé producti,
apice perforata, alba, transversim tenuissimé striaté ; apertura
angusté; columella anticé uniplicata ; labro postice producto.

Shell ovately cylindrical, posteriorly truncate, anteriorly pro-
duced, apex perforated, white, transversely very finely striated ;
aperture narrow; columella anteriorly with a single fold; outer
hp posteriorly produced.

Hab. ? Mus. Hanley.

104. Butta occurta (pl. cxxv. f. 186), Mighels, Bost.
Journ. Nat. Hist. vol. iv. p. 54. pl. iv. f. 11.

B. testa parva, alba, ovato-cylindrica, striis minutissimis trans-
versis et striis longitudinalibus incrementi tect; spird occulta ;
labro supra elevato, medio recto ; aperturd subangusta, infra lata,
rotundata.

Shell small, white, ovately cylindrical, covered with very minute
transverse strize and longitudinal lines of growth ; spire concealed ;
outer lip elevated above, straight in the middle; aperture rather
narrow, anteriorly broad androunded. Length $ in., width 3, in.

New England.

105. Burza apa (pl. exxv. f. 137), Brown.

B. testa ovato-cylindracea, alba, apice immerso, callo columel-
lari obtecto, longitudinaliter substriata, transversim sub lente sub-
tilissimé striata; apertura angusti; labro arcuato; labio anticé
recto, uniplicato.

Shell ovately cylindrical, white, apex sunken, covered by the
columellar callus, longitudinally substriated ; aperture narrow;
outer lip arched ; inner lip anteriorly straight, with a single,
oblique, rather obsolete plait. Under the lens the shell is finely
striated transversely.

British Islands. Mus. Hanley.

592

106. Butta corticata (pl. exxv. f. 138), dMdller, Ind.
Moll. Greenland. p. 79.

B. testa cylmdrica, imperforata, solidiore, fulva, striis longitudi-
nalibus undulatis minutissimis ornatd ; apice immerso, callo colu-
mellari obtecto.

Shell cylindrical, imperforate, rather solid, fulvous, with very
minute longitudinal undulated lines ; apex sunken, covered by the
umbilical callus.

Greenland. Mus. Cuming.

107. Buxa rriticea (pl. exxv. f. 139), Courthouy, Bost.
Journ. Nat. Hist.

B. test& parvula, cylindricd, umbilico obtecto, solidiore, epider-
mide subfuscd obtecté, transversim sub lente subtilissimé striata ;
apice immerso, callo columellari obtecto ; apertura angusti, sub-
lineari, ad basin dilatata.

Shell small, cylindrical, umbilicus covered, rather solid, covered
with a brownish epidermis under the lens, very finely transversely
striated ; apex covered with the columellar callus; aperture nar-
row, somewhat linear, dilated at the base.

Massachusetts, U.S. Mus. Cuming.

108. Butta umsiticata (pl. exxv. f. 140), Montagu.

B. testa ovato-cylindracea, albé, levi, longitudinaliter substriata,
apice umbilicato, anticé subacuminaté; apertura angusta, anticé
dilatataé ; labio anticé uniplicato.

Shell ovately cylindrical, white, smooth, longitudinally sub-
striated, apex umbilicated, shell anteriorly rather narrowed ; aper-
ture narrow, anteriorly dilated; inner lip anteriorly with a single

lait.
: British Islands. Mus. Hanley.

109. Butta srricEta (pl. exxv. f. 141), Lovén, Ind. Moll.
Scand. p. 10.

B. testa cylindraced, posticé subtruncata, striis spiralibus tenuis-
simis undulosis sculpté; apice umbilicato, minuto, tereti, pro-
fundo, perforato, peromphalo solido, niveo ; labro partim recedente;
columella callosi, plici distincta; aut nuda, nitidd, aut epider-
mide fusca tecti. :

Shell cylindrical, posteriorly somewhat rounded, engraved with
very fine undulating transverse strie ; apex minutely teretely um-

593

bilicated, deeply perforated, peromphalus solid, white ; outer lip
a little receding ; columella callous, fold distinct ; either nude and
shining, or covered with a fuscous epidermis.

Scandinavia. Cagayan; 25 fathoms, sandy mud, H.C. Mus.
Cuming.

110. Butta conctnna (pl. exxv. f. 142), Adams.

B. test& ovato-cylindraced, inferné subacuminata, albf, nitidd,
opaci, transversim spiraliter minutissimé striata ; apice profundo,
umbilicato; apertura lineari, infra partim dilataté; columella vix
sinuosa, plici evanidi; labro producto, apicem desinente.

Shell ovately cylmdrical, below somewhat acuminate, white,
shining, opake, very minutely transversely spirally striated ; apex
deeply umbilicated; aperture linear, a little dilated below ; colu-
mella slightly sinuous, plait obsolete ; outer lip produced, extend-
ing beyond the apex.

Manila ; 3 fathoms, sandy mud. Cuming.

111. Butxa srericata (pl. cxxv. f. 143), Adams.

B. testa cylindraced, gracili, posticé subrotundata, striis spirali-
bus distantioribus sculpta ; apice profundé umbilicato ; apertura
angusta, lineari, supra producta, infra dilataté; columella cal-
losd, biplicata ; epidermide subfuscaé tenue tecta.

Shell cylindrical, slender, posteriorly somewhat rounded, en-
graved with rather distant spiral strie ; apex deeply umbilicated ;
aperture narrow, linear, produced above, dilated below ; columella
callous, with two plaits ; covered with a reddish-brown epidermis.

China Sea. Mus. Cuming.

112. Butxa Brevissma (pl. exxv. f. 144), Adams.

B. test& ovato-cylindricé, in medio partim obstricta, transversim
spiraliter striata; apice umbilicato, umbilico callo columellari sub-
obtecto; apertura angusta, lineari, in medio coarctata, superné
product, inferné dilataté; columella reflex4, subcallosa.

Shell ovately cylindrical, a little contracted in the middle, trans-
versely spirally striated ; apex umbilicated, umbilicus partly
covered by the columellar callus; aperture narrow, linear, con-
tracted in the middle, above produced, below dilated ; columella
reflexed, rather callous.

China Sea. Mus. Cuming.

594
113. Butta MaRMorata (pl. exxv. f. 145), Adams.

B. testa ovaté, supra coarctati, infra producti, subacuminata,
levi, nitidd, pallidé rufo-fuscd albique variegata, maculis nunc
in fasctis dispositis, transversim minutissimé striatd; striis dis-
tinctioribus superné et inferné ; spird conspicud, in umbilico
profundo; aperturaé angusta, infra et supra acuminaté producta ;
columella recta, subcallosd, umbilico distincto.

Shell ovate, contracted above, produced and rather acuminate
below, smooth, shining, variegated with pale red-brown and white,
the spots im some specimens disposed in distinct bands, trans-
versely very minutely striated; striz most distinct above and
below ; spire conspicuous, in the deep umbilicus of the apex ;
aperture narrow, acuminately produced above and below; colu-
mella straight, rather callous, umbilicus distinct.

Island of Capul, Philippines. Cuming.

114. Buta concenrrica (pl. exxv. f. 146), Adams.

B. testé parva, subcylindrica, elongata, basi vix dilatata, alba,
longitudinaliter semisulcata, striis transversis valdé distinctis
sculpta ; spird manifest4é, in apice immersa, peromphalo radiatim
striato; apertura angusta, lineari, superné producta, inferné dila-
tata; columella simplici.

Shell small, subcylindrical, elongated, a little dilated at the
base, white, longitudinally somewhat sulcated, engraved with very
distinct transverse striz ; spire conspicuous, immersed in the apex,
peromphalus radiately striated ; aperture narrow, linear, produced
above, dilated below ; columella simple.

Cagayan, Philippines. Mus. Cuming.

115. Butta pxcussata (pl. exxv. f. 147), Adams.

B. testa parva, subcylindrica, elongata, basi vix dilatata, alba,
striis transversis et longitudinalibus decussata ; spird manifesta,
in umbilico immersi, peromphalo radiatim strato; apertura
angusta, lineari, superné producta, inferné dilataté ; columella
simplici.

Shell small, subcylindrical, elongated, slightly dilated at the
base, white, crossed with longitudinal and transverse striz ; spire
conspicuous, immersed in the umbilicated apex, peromphalus
radiately striated ; aperture narrow, linear, produced superiorly,
dilated below ; columella simple.

China Sea. Mus. Cuming.

116. Butra Bizona (pl. exxv. f. 148), Adams.

B. test& ovato-cylindrici, fulva, fasctis duabus pallidé rubris
cincti, longitudinaliter obsolete plicaté ; striis distinctis trans-
versis creberrimis sculpt’; spiri manifesté, im umbilico profun-
dissimo immers’ ; apertura superne producta, lineari, inferné
dilataté ; columella semiplicati, subretlexd, umbilico obtecto ;
labio externo supra inflexo.

Shell ovately cylindrical, fulvous, encircled with two pale red-
brown bands, longitudinally obsoletely plicated, engraved with
distinct transverse finely undulated strive ; spire conspicuous,
immersed in the deep umbilicus of the apex ; ; aperture produc ved
above, linear, dilated inferiorly ; columella slightly plicated, rather
reflected, umbilicus covered ; outer lip inflexed superiorly.

China Sea. Mus. Cuming -

117. Butta pyramipata (pl. exxv. f. 149), Adams.

B. testa subcylindricé, supra acuminata, basi vix dilatata, alba,
nitida, longitudinaliter sulcatd, superné et inferné transversim sub-
striata ; spird partim manifesté, vertice profundé umbilicato ;
apertura anguste lineari, supra producti, infra dilatata ; columella
reflex, subcallosd ; umbilico obtecto.

Shell subcylindrical, acuminated above, hardly dilated at the
base, white, shining, longitudinally g grooved, faintly striated trans-
versely above and below; spire hardly obvious, apex deeply um-
bilicated ; aperture narrowly linear, produced above, dilated below ;
columella reflected, rather callous, umbilicus covered.

China Sea. Mus. Cuming.

118. Burta pyemaa (pl. exxv. f. 150), Adams.

B. testa parva, subcylindricd, in medio constrict, apice umbi-
licataé, albi, nitidd, levi, longitudinaliter striaté; labro posticé
producto, rotundato, in medio inflexo; labio anticé subcalloso ;
apertura angusta, lineari, anticé dilatata.

Shell small, subcylindrical, contracted in the middle, apex um-
bilicated, white, shining, smooth, longitudinally striated ; outer
lip posteriorly produced, rounded, inflexed in the middle; inner
lip anteriorly subcallous ; aperture narrow, linear, anteriorly
dilated.

Port Lincoln. Mus. Metcalfe.

119. Butta mnvotura (pl. exxv. f. 151), Adams.

B. test& cylindricd, posticé truncati, alba, solidé, transversim
4 4

tota striata; apertur’ angusti, lineari; labro recto, ejus angulo
producto, rotundato ; labio anticé tortuoso, uniplicato.

Shell cylindrical, posteriorly truncated, white, solid, transversely
entirely striated ; aperture narrow, linear ; outer lip straight, its
angle produced, rounded; inner lip anteriorly tortuous, with a
single fold.

China Seas. Mus. Cuming.

Sus-cenus VoLvuLa.

120. Butta acuminata (pl. exxv. f. 152), Brug., Ene.
Méth. vol. i. p. 376. Phdé., En. t. 7. f. 18.

B. test& minuta, levissima, subcylindricd, utrmque rostrata ;
spira occulta, superné parm attenuati; apertura anguste lineari,
inferné perpartm latiore ; columella basi obsolete uniplicata.

Shell minute, very smooth, subcylindrical, beaked at both ends ;
spire concealed, above attenuated ; aperture narrowly linear, rather
wider below ; columella with a single obsolete plait at the base.

Shores of Sicily. dus. H. Adams.

121. Butta aneustata (pl. exxv. f. 153), Adams.

B. test& cylindricé, utrinque rostrata, levi, nitidd, albi, longi-
tudinaliter substriaté; spiri occult’; apertura lneari, in medio
angustata, superné producti, inferné dilataté ; labro in medio
coarctato ; labio uniplicato.

Shell cylindrical, beaked at both ends, smooth, shining, white, -
longitudinally substriated ; spire concealed; aperture linear, nar-
rowed in the middle, produced above, dilated below; outer lip
contracted in the middle ; inner lip with a single fold.

Cagayan, Mindanao ; 25 fathoms. Cuming.

122. Buxta rostrata (pl. exxv. f. 154), Adams.

B. testa elongato-ovah, alba, pellucida, utrinque rostrata, longi-
tudinaliter substriata, transversim sub lente minutissimé striata ;
aperturd angusta, lineari ; labro eequaliter arcuato ; columella tor-
tuosi, uniplicata.

Shell elongately oval, white, pellucid, beaked at both ends,
longitudinally substriated, transversely (under the lens) very
minutely striated; aperture narrow, linear; outer lip equally
arched ; columella tortuous, with a single plait.

Port Lincoln. Mus. Metcalfe.

HOT

123. BuLia wpurnwa (pl. exxv. f. 155), Addams.

B. test’ ovato-cylindracea, alba, levi, solidi, nitid&, inferné
tansversim striati, utrinque rostraté; apertura sublineari, posticé
angustati, anticé dilataté; labro posticé inflexo; labio calloso ;
wumbilico nullo.

Shell ovately cylindrical, white, smooth, solid, shining, inferiorly
transversely striated, beaked at both ends; aperture narrow pos-
teriorly, dilated anteriorly ; outer lip posteriorly inflexed ; inner
hp callous; umbilicus none.

China Sea. Mus. Cuming.

124, Buta strratua (pl. exx. f. 156), Adams.

B. testa parva, ovato-cylindracea, alba, toté transversim striata,
utrinque rostrata; spird occulti; apertura lineari, anticé sub-
dilatata ; labro subrecto, vix inflexo in medio ; labio anticé valdé
tortuoso, uniplicato.

Shell small, ovately cylindrical, beaked at both ends, entirely
transversely striated ; spire concealed; aperture linear, anteriorly
slightly dilated; outer lip straight, shghtly inflexed in the middle ;
inner lip strongly twisted, with a single plait.

China Seas. Jus. Cuming.

Sus-Genus Linrertia.

125. Buxta viripts (pl. exxi. f. 52), Rang, Quoy et Gaim.,
Voy. de lAstr. pl. xxvi. f. 18-16. B. calyculata, Brod. and
Sowerby.

B. testé ovali, aperté, vix involuté, longitrorsum tenuissimé
striata, viridi; unguiculo albo ad spiram.

Shell oval, open, scarcely involute, longitudinally very finely
striated, green ; a white unguiculate appendage at the spire.
Length 4 lines, width 3 lines.

Animal of a sombre green, except the edge of the head and
sides of the foot, which are greenish-yellow dotted with white.

Bourbon, Guam, Japan, Pitcairn’s Island; on exposed rocks
at half tide. Mus. Cuming.

126. Burta etauca (pl. exxi. f. 53), Quoy et Gaim., Voy.
de l’Astr. pl. xxvi. f. 10-12.

B. testa ovali, oblonga, pellucida, glauci, vix involuta, longi-
trorsum striata, ad spiram unguiculata.
4H 2

598 |
Shell oval, oblong, pellucid, glaucous, scarcely involute, longi-
tudinally striated, unguiculate at the spire.
Animal of a clear apple-green slightly dotted with black ; shell
more involute, oval, and convex than 2. viridis.
New Ireland. Mus. Cuming.

127. Butta minor (pl. exxi. f. 54), Adams.

B. testa parvulé, pellucida, luted, tenui, levi, ovali, aperta,
vix involuté, longitudinaliter tenuissimé striati ; unguiculo ad
spiram.

Shell small, pellucid, yellow, thin, smooth, oval, aperture very
wide, scarcely involute, longitudinally very finely striated ; an
unguiculate process at the spire.

Island of Zebu ; on the sands. Cuming.

128. Butta Aeris (pl. exxi. f. 55), Hanley.

B. testa subtrigonali, apertd, vix mvoluta, longitudinaliter sub-
striata, alba’, fragili; labio appendiculo calyciformi, intts sub-
spirali ; labro producto, postice angulato, producto.

Shell subtrigonal, open, slightly involute, longitudinally sub-
striated, white, fragile; inner lip with a cup-shaped appendage,
subspiral within ; outer lip produced, posteriorly angled and
produced.

Algiers ; dredged by R. M‘Andrew, Esq. Mus. Hanley.

SuB-GENUS CRYPTOPHTHALMUS.

129. Buxta ottvacea (pl. exxi. f. 56), Ehrenberg, Symb.
Phys. t. 1. f. 2. B. smaragdina, Lenck., Rupp.

B. corpore smaragdino, colore diluté viridi intermixto, tenta-
culis indistinctis ; testa fragili, exigua, pellucida, alba, vix inflexa,
columella spirique destituta.

Body emerald green mixed with a pale green; tentacles indis-
tinct. Shell fragile, small, pellucid, white, hardly inflexed, desti-
tute of columella and spire.

Sup-cenus Losicer.
130. Butta Puivreert (pl. exxi. f. 57), Avohn, Ann. des
Scien. Nat. 3me Série. pl. ui. f. 1, 2.

B. testi ovali, corned, fragili, longitudinaliter substriata, sub-
involuta ; spird occulté ; apertura ampli, posticé producti, rotun-

599

data ; labro arcuato, ejus angulo superno producto, rotundato ,
labio tenui, subreflexo.

Shell oval, horny, thin, fragile, longitudinally substriated,
slightly involute ; spire concealed ; aperture very wide, posteriorly
produced and rounded; outer lip arcuated, its upper angle pro-
duced and rounded ; inner lip thin, somewhat reflexed.

Hab. ? = Mus. Cuming.

131. Butta Cumtinett (pl. cxxi. f. 58), Adams.

B. testA subovali, gibbosi, corned, fragih, pellucida, subinvo-
luta; spird occulta ; apertura postice producti, angustata, lineari,
anticé valdé dilataté ; labro subsinuoso, valdé inflexo, posticé
producto; labio adhzrente, subreflexo.

Shell subovate, gibbose, horny, fragile, pellucid, slightly invo-
lute ; spire concealed ; aperture posteriorly produced, narrow and
linear, anteriorly greatly dilated ; outer lip shghtly sinuous, greatly
inflected towards the body-whorl, posteriorly produced ; inver lip
adhering, slightly reflexed.

Puerto St. Elena, W. Columbia; sandy mud, 6 fathoms.
Cuming.

SuB-GENUS PHANEROPHTHALMUS.

132. Butxa turea (pl. exxv. f. 157, 158), Quoy, Voy. de
PAstr. pl. xxvi. f. 43, 44.

B. animale pallidé luteo; test& minima, fragilil, alba, ovali,
aperta, uec volvaté, margine dextro contorto et acuto ; long.
3 lin., lat. 2 lin.

Animal of a pale yellow. Shell small, fragile, white, oval, open,
not convolute ; right margin contorted and acute. Length 3
lines, breadth 2 lines.

New Guinea: Port Dorey; on the reefs. Quoy.

Sus-Genus PHILINE.

133. Butta Quapripartira (pl. exxv. f. 159). Philine
quadripartita. Ascanius, Chemn. p. 146. f. 1354. Labaria quad-
riloba, Miller.

B. testa ovato-rotundaté, posticé line’ impressionali cincté ;
margine externo semicirculari, postice sinuato, angulo ejus supero
producto, rotundato.

Shell rotundately ovate, encircled posteriorly with an impressed

600

line; outer margin semicircular, posteriorly sinuated, the upper
angle produced and rounded.
The plates of the gizzard are in the form of a cocked hat, or
subtriangular, with the beaks bent down and slightly produced.
British Islands. Mus. Cuming.

134. Butta Scurarerr (pl. cxxv. f. 160), PAcl., Enc.
Moll. Sicil. pl. xx. f. 2. B. aperta, Mont., Lamarck.

B. testa subquadrato-rotund’; margine externo semicirculari,
angulo ejus supero producto, acutangulo.

Shell subquadrately rounded ; outer margin semicircular, its
upper angle produced, acutangular.

The plates of the gizzard are oval, with the lateral beaks but
slightly produced.

Catanuan, Luzon, H.C. Mus. Cuming.

135. Buta puncrata (pl. exxv. f. 161). Bullea punctata,
Adams, Trans. Linn. Soc. pl. 1. f. 6-8.

B. testa ovato-oblonga, tenuissima, albi, pellucida, nitida, lineis
transversis punctatis, latere columnari arcuato, apice obtuso, vix
umbilicato. Long. 3; poll., lat. minus quam ;!, poll.

Shell oblong, very thin, white, pellucid, glossy, marked with
transverse dotted lines ; inner margin arcuated ; apex obtuse, with
a very shallow umbilicus. Length #; inch, breadth less than
jis inch.

** Animal cinereous, approaching to black, posteriorly yellowish-
white ; gizzard membranaceous.

Great Britam.

136. Buta prutnosa (pl. exxv. f. 162). Bullea pruinosa,
Clark, Zool. Journ. 1827-28. p. 339.

B. test& subglobos, nived, subopaci, subtiliter reticulata, peri-
pherid paululim constricta; margine columnari arcuato, reflexo,
ad mediam partem subemarginato, leviter umbilicato.

Shell subglobose, subopake, of a dead frosted white colour,
delicately reticulated, appearmg covered with fine gauze, circum-
ference of the posterior or upper part somewhat constricted ;
columellar margin arcuated, a little reflected, and in the middle
a flexure or notch ; apex rather rounded and slightly umbilicated.

Animal entirely white, foot very large.

Great Britain. Mus. H. Adams.

601

137. Butia catena (pl. exxv. f. 163). Bulleea catena,
Montag., Test. Brit. pl. vi. f. 7. B. catenulifera, Maegill. B.
scabra, Mild. B. granulosa, Sars. B. zonata.

B. testi oblonga, tenuissimé, albidé, nitidd, stris transversis
catenatis notata ; latere columellari arcuato ; apice subobtuso, vix
umbilicato.

Shell ovate, oblong, very thin, white, pellucid, shining, marked
with chain-like strie ; columellar margin arcuated; apex rather
obtuse, slightly umbilicated.

Animal on the upper part yellowish-white ; head and lobes of
the foot sprinkled with minute red-brown points ; gizzard with
testaceous appendages.

British Islands. Mus. Cuming.

138. Buta scurutum (pl. exxv. f. 164). Philine scutulum,
Lovén, Ind. Moll. Scand. p. 9.

B. testa quadrato-ovali, anticé subtruncati, alb’, subpellucida,
fasciis binis, incrassatis, striis excavato-punctatis, alternis sepé
tenuioribus, sculpté ; margine integro ; apice minuto, rimato, vix
umbilicato, rotundato ; labro posticé parti producto, dein leviter
impresso, subrecto ; margine columellari sinuato-arcuato ; apertura
patentissima.

Shell quadrately oval, anteriorly subtruncated, white, subpellucid,
engraved with two thickened bands, with excavately punctate
striae, the alternate often the finest ; margin entire; apex minute,
rimate, scarcely umbilicated, rounded ; outer lip posteriorly a little
produced, then slightly impressed and rather straight ; columellar
margin sinuately arched; aperture very wide.

Greenland. Mus. Cuming.

139. Butta Coreantca (pl. exxv. f. 166), Adams.

B. testd subquadrato-ovali; margine externo subrecto, angulo
ejus supero truncato ; spird elevatiusculd.

Shell subquadrately oval ; outer margin rather straight, its
upper angle truncated; spire rather elevated.

Korean Archipelago; mud flats. 4. Adams.

SuB-GENUS CHELIDONURA.

140. Butta nrrunpinina (pl. exxv. f. 167,168), Quoy,
Voy. de l’Astr. pl. xxvi. f. 20-25.

B. test cyanea, vertice capitis dorsique, medio filamentorum

602

posteriorum, et margine pallii lime’ cyaneo-viridi ornatis ; testd
minima, fragil, tot® aperta, albi, margine dextro plano, alato, pos-
ticé acuto ; long. 1 poll.

Mauritius.

Note.—Since writing the above Monograph, I have examined the figures and de-
scriptions of two remarkable genera described by M. Krohn, in the Ann. des Sci.
Nat., which appear to me links connecting the Budide with the Aplysiade, and
which may be thus characterized :—

Lopicer, Krohn (Tab. ecxix. Fig. 18).

Head with two auriform tentacles ; eyes sessile on each side of the head. Foot
with the natatory appendages in the form of dilated rounded lobes, two on each side.
Body produced posteriorly into a long pointed tail covered with papilla.

Shell covered with an epidermis, thin, transparent; spire rudimentary, in the
form of a protuberance directed towards the left. Z. Philippi, Ann. des Sciences
Nat. 3me Série, pl. xi. f. 1, 2.

Lopnocercus, Krohn (Tab. cxix. Fig. 19).

Head with two auriform tentacles; eyes sessile on the sides of the head. Foot
with the natatory appendages undivided, reflexed, and partly covering the shell in
front, and united posteriorly. Body covered with papilla, and produced behind into
a long pointed tail.

Shell involute, thin, ovate, covered with an epidermis; the outer lip separated
from the last whorl, its hind angle inflexed, produced, and rounded. L. Steboldiz,
Krohn, Ann. des Sciences Nat. 8me Série, Zoologie, tom. vii. pl. ii. fig. 5-8. A. A.

nee

SPECIES UNIDENTIFIED.

B. (Utriculus) globosus, Lovéu, Ind. Moll. Scandinavie, p. 11.
B. (Scaphander) librarius, Zovén, Ind. Moll. Scandinaviwe, p. 10.
B. (Cylichna) nitidula, Lovén, Ind. Moll. Scandinavie, p. 10.

B. (Cylichna) pulvisuleus, Hhirenberg, Symb. Phys.

B. (Cylichna) Bacillus, Hhrenberg, Symb. Phys.

B. (Cylichna) diaphana, dr. e¢ Magy., Catalog. rag. p. 40. Phil.

Enum. Moll. Sicil. vol. i. p. 215.
B. (Cylichna) mica, Lhrenberg, Symb. Phys.
B. (Atys) albicita, Dufo, Aun, Sc. Nat. t. 14. p. 203.

Vig.

605

BULLA.

LIST OF FIGURES IN PLATES CXIX. to CXXV.

(The Figure after each name ts the number of the Species.)

Pirate CXIX.
ANIMALS OF SUB-GENERA.

1. Aplustrum (Shells, sp. 4-6,
f, 4-8).

2. Hydatina (Shells, sp. 7-10,
f. 9-18).

3. Tornatina (Shells, sp. 11-26,
f. 24-39).

4. Akera (Shells, sp. 32-37, f.
40-46).

. Scaphander.

Bulla.

. Haminea.

. Atys.

9. Linteria.

cont Go ou

10. Cryptophthalmus.

11. Phanerophthalmus.

12. Sormetus.

13. Philine.

16. Chelidonura.

14, 15,17. omitted, to make room for

the following, subsequently
met with.

18. Lobiger Philippii.

1

9. Lophocercus Sieboldii.
Puate CXX.

SHELLS OF SUB-GENUS Budlina.

1. B. scabra, 1.
2. — lineata, 2.
3. — Bruguieri, 3.

33

34.

SUB-GENUS Aplustrum.
Tig.
4-6. B. Thalassiarchi, 4.
7. — Gouldii, 5.
8. — debilis, 6.
SUB-GENUS LHydatina.
9-11. B. physis, 7.
12-14. — vexillum, 8.
15, 16. — nitidula, 9.
17, 18. — albocincta, 10.
SUB-GENUS Utriculus.
19. B. pertenuis, 27.
20. — obtusa, 28.
21. — pellucida, 29.
22. — Cecillii, 30.
23. — Borneensis, 31.
Prate CXXI.
SUB-GENUS Tornatina.
24. B. voluta, 11.
25. — canaliculata, 12.
26. — mammillata, 13.
27. — truncata, 14.
28. — turrita, 15.
29. — obstricta, 16.
30. — pusilla, 17.
31. — coarctata, 18.
32. — planospira, 19.

. — biplex, 20.
— olivula, 21.

Kg. | Fig.
35. B. cinctella, 22. | 70. B. media, 47.
36. — gracilis, 23. 71. — Quoyii, 48.
37. — fusiformis, 24. 72, 73. — occidentalis, 49.
38. — simplex, 25. 74. — oblonga, 50.
39. — polita, 26. 75. — cruentata, 51.

76. — rufolabris, 52.
77. — punctulata,* 53.
. — aspersa, 54.

79, 80. — nebulosa, 55.

SUB-GENUS Akera.
40. B. soluta, 32.
41. — bullata, 33.
43. — subangulata, 34.

~_
co

44, — bicincta, 35. | PuatTe CXXIV.
45. — tenuis, 36. SUB-GENUS Haminea.
46, — Hanleyi, 37. | 81, 82. B. hydatis, 56.
| .

SUB-GENUS Scaphander. | 83. — Veen? 57.
47. B. lignaria, 38. Ji insculpta, 58.
48. — vestita, 39. | 85. — Oryza, 59.
49. — lineolata, 4.0. | 86. — Natalensis, 60.
50. — puncto-striata, 41. 87-89. — Guildingui, 61.

90. — cymbalum, 62.

51. — pectinata, 42. :
91. — pemphis, 63.

SUB-GENUS Linteria. 92. — elegans, 64.
52. B. viridis, 125. 93. — brevis, 65.
53. — glauca, 126. 94, — fusca, 66.
54. — minor, 127. 95. — constricta, 67.
55. — Algire, 128. | 96. — glabra, 68.
sUB-GENUS Cryptophthalmus. | 97. — ambigua, 69.
56. B. olivacea, 129. | 98. — Sinensis, 70.
99, — flavescens, 71.

suB-GENUS Lodiger.

monet 100. — curta, 72.
57. — Philippi, 130. ars

101. — papyrus, 73.

BU | 102. — vitreea, 74.
Prate CXXII. | 103. — tenera, 75.
suB-cENuS Bulla. 104. — tenella, 76.
»9-62. B. ampulla, 43. | 105. — rotundata, 77.
63. — amygdalus, 44. | 106. — succinea, 78.
64-66. —— australis, 45. _ 106 a. — eastanca, 78 a.
Piate CXXIII. | SUB-GENUS A/ys.
69. B. Adansonu, 46. | 107-9. B. naucum, 79.

* Printed in the text “ punetata,” by error.

605

Vig. | Fig. -
110. B. ferruginosa, 80. | 141. B. strigilla, 109
111. — ovoidea, 81. 142, -- concinna, 110
112, 113. — solida, 82. 143. — biplicata, 111.
PrAage COCKY, 144. —— brevissima, 112.

145. — marmorata, 113.
146. — concentrica, 114.
147. — decussata, 115.

114. — cylindrica, 83.
115. — Cranchii, 84.
116. -— succisa, 85.

117. —- truncatula, 86. os ye ae
149. — pyramidata, 117.
118. — ovulata, 87. 150) = premeeeals
see pea ay fey Seaneoinise tia:
120. — tortuosa, 89. . air
121. — elongata, 90. SUB-GENUS Volvula.
122. — speciosa, 91. 152. — acuminata, 120.
123. — monodonta, 92. 153. -- angustata, 121.
124. — dentifera, 93. 154. — rostrata, 122.
125. — nonscripta, 94. 155. — eburnea, 1238.
126. — alicula, 95. 156. — striatula, 124.

127. — nitida, 96.

pee SUB-GENUS Phanerophthalmus.
128. — pyriformis, 97.

129. — exigua, 98. 157, 158. B. lutea, 132.

130. — parvula, 99. SUB-GENUS Philine.
131. — hordacea, 100. 159. B. quadripartita, 133.
SUB-GENUS Cylichna. 160. — Schreteri, 134.

132. B. cylindracea, 101. as ND Loy
133, 134. — arachis, 102. Ey aes
135. — Sarsii, 103. remain tases
136. — occulta, 104. sii ae cieoie Saus
Tey emesis 166. — Coreanica, 139.
138. — corticata, 106. SUB-GENUS Chelidonura.
139. — triticea, 107. | 167, 168. — hirundanina, 140.
140. — umbilicata, 108. | 169. — (Akera) tumida, 37 a.

606

ALPHABETICAL INDEX.

acuminata, Brag., sp. 120, f. 152.
Akera, v. bullata, 33.

alba, Brown, 105, f. 137.
albicita, not identified.
albocincta, Hoeven, 10, f. 17, 18.
Algiree, Adams, 128, f. 55.
alicula, Ehrenberg, 95, f. 126.
Adansonii, Philippi, 46, f. 69.
ambigua, Adams, 69, f. 97.
amplustre, v. vexillum, 8.
amplustre, v. Thalassiarchi, 4.
ampulla, Zinn., 43, f. 59-62.
amygdalus, Lister, 44, f. 63.
aperta, v. Schreeteri, 134.
arachis, Quoy, 102, f. 134.
aspersa, Adams, 54, f. 78.
angustata, ddams, 121, f. 153.
angustata, Vv. pectinata, 42.
australis, Quoy, 45, f. 64-66.
bacillus, not. identified.
bicineta, Quoy, 35, f. 44.
biplex, Adams, 20, f. 33.
biphicata, Adams, 111, f. 143.
bizonia, Adams, 116, f. 148.
Borneensis, 4dams, 31, f. 23.
brevissima, Adams, 112, f. 144.
brevis, Quoy, 65, f. 93.
Bruguieri, 4dams, 3, f. 3.
bullata, Miller, 33, f. 41.
calyculata, v. viridis, 125.
canaliculata, Say, 12, f. 25.
castanea, Adams, 78 a, f. 106 a.
catena, Montagu, 137, f. 163.
catenatus, v. pectinata, 42.
catenulifera, v. catena, 137.
Cecillii, Philippi, 30, f. 22.
Ceylanica, v. soluta, 30.
cinctella, Adams, 22, f. 35.

coarctata, Adams, 18, f. 31.
concinna, Adams, 110, f. 142.
concentrica, Adams, 114, f. 146
constricta, 4dams, 67, f. 95.
convoluta, v. cylindracea, 101.
Coreanica, Adams, 139, f. 166.
cornea, Vv. hydatis, 56.
corticata, A/é/ler, 106, f. 138.
Cranchii, Leach, 84, f. 115.
cruentata, ddams, 51, f.'75.
Cumingil, Adams, 131, f. 58.
curta, Adams, 72, f. 100.
eylindracea, Pennant, 101, f. 132.
cylindrica, Hellings, 83, f. 114.
cylindrica, v. alicula, 95.
cymbalum, Quoy, 62, f. 90.
debilis, Gould, 6, f. 8.
decussata, Adams, 115, f. 147.
denticulata, v. pectinata, 42.
dentifera, Adams, 93, f. 124.
diaphana, not identified.
eburnea, Adams, 123, f. 155.
elegans, Gray, 64, f. 92.
elongata, Adams, 90, f. 121.
exigua, ddams, 98, f. 129.
Jasciata, v. vexillum, 8.
JSasciatum, v. Thalassiarchi, 4.
ferruginosa, Chemn., 80, f. 110.
Ferussacii, v. nitidula, 9.
jilosa, v. physis, 7.

flavescens, Adams, 7, f. 99.
flexilis, v. soluta, 30.

Jragilis, v. bullata, 31.

fusca, Adams, 66, f. 94.
fusiformis, Adams, 24, f. 37.
glabra, Adams, 68, f. 96.
glauca, Quoy, 126, f. 53.
globosus, not identified.

Gouldii, Cowrthouy, 5, f. 7.
gracilis, Adams, 23, f. 36.
granulosa, v. catena, 137.

Guildingii, Swains., 61, f. 87-89.

Hanleyi, Addams, 37, f. 46.
hiemalis, Cowrthouy, 88, f.119.

hirundanina, Quoy, 140, f. 167, 168.

hordacea, Adams, 100, f. 131.
hyalina, Vv. hydatis, 56.
hydatis, Linn., 56, f. 81, 82.
insculpta, Totten, 58, f. 84.
intermedia, v. Cranchii, 84.
involuta, Adams, 119, f. 151.
librarius, not identified.
lignaria, Linn., 38, f. 47.
lineata, Wood, 2, f. 2.
lineolata, Courthouy, 40, f. 49.
lutea, Quoy, 132, f. 157, 158.

mammillata, Philippi, 13, f. 26.
marmorata, 4dams, 113, f. 145.

media, Philippi, 47, f. 70.
mica, not identified.

minor, Adams, 127, f. 54.
monodonta, Adams, 92, f. 123.
multistriata, v. amygdalus, 44.
Natalensis, Avaus, 60, f. 86.

naucum, Linn., 79, f. 107-109.

navicula, v. hydatis, 56.
nebulosa, Gould, 55, f. 79, 80.
nitida, ddams, 96, f. 127.
nitidula, not identified.
nitidula, Lister, 9, f. 15,16.
nonscripta, Adams, 94, f. 125.
Norvegica, v. bullata, 33.
oblonga, Adams, 50, f. 74.
obstructa, Gould, 16, f. 29.
obtusa, Turton, 28, f. 20.

occidentalis, Adams, 49, f. 72, 73.

oceulta, Mighels, 104, f. 136.
oliva, v. cylindracea, 101.

607

| olivacea, Hhrenberg, 129, f. 56.

olivula, ddams, 21, f. 34.

oryza, Totten, 59, f. 85.

ovoidea, Quoy, 81, f. 111.
ovulata, Broch., 87, f. 118.
papyrus, ddams, 73, f. 101.
parvula, ddams, 99, f. 130.
pectinata, Miller, 42, f. 51.
pellucida, Brown, 29, f. 21.
pellucida, v. hyalina, 29.
pemphis, Philippi, 63, f. 91.
perforata, v. elegans, 64,
pertenuis, Mighels, 27, f.19.
Philippi, Avohn, 130, f. 137.
physis, Linn., 7, f. 9-11.
planospira, Adams, 19, f. 32.
polita, Adams, 26, f. 39.
pruinosa, Clark, 136, f. 162.
pulchella, v. 'Thalassiarchi, 4.
pulvisulcus, not identified.
punctulata,* Adams, 53, f.77.
punctata, ddams, 135, f.161.
puncto-striata, Mighels, 41, f. 50.
pusilla, Pfeifer, 17, f. 30.
pygmea, Addams, 118, f. 150.
pyramidata, Adams, 117, f. 149.
pyriformis, Adams, 97, f. 128.
quadripartita, Ascanius, 133, f. 159.
quadriloba, v. quadripartita, 133.
Quoyii, Gray, 48, f. 71.
resiliens, V. soluta, 30.

rostrata, ddams, 122, f. 154.
rotundata, Adams, 77, f.105.
rufolabris, 4dams, 52, f. 76.
Sarsii, Philippi, 103, f. 135.
scabra, Vv. catena, 137.

scabra, Chemn., 1, f. 1.
Schreeteri, Philippi, 134, f. 160.
scutulum, Lovén, 138, f. 164.
semisulcata, v. truncata, 14.

* Printed in the text “ punctata,” by error.

simplex, Adams, 25, f. 38.
Sinensis, 4dams, 70, f. 98.
smaragdina, v. olivacea, 129.
solida, Brug., 82, f. 112, 118.
soluta parva, v. bullata, 31.
soluta, Chemn., 32, f. 40.
speciosa, Adams, 91, f. 122.
striatula, 4dams, 124, f. 156.
striata, v. media, 47.

striata, v. Adansonii, 46.
strigella, Lovéw, 109, f. 141.
subangulata, Moller, 34, f. 43.
succinea, Conrad, 78, f. 106.
succisa, Hhrenberg, 85, f. 116.
tenella, 4dams, 16, f. 104.
tenera, Adams, 75, f. 103.
tenuis, Adams, 36, f. 45.

Thalassiarchi, Martini, 4, f. 4-6.

608

tortuosa, Adams, 89, f. 120.
triticea, Courthouy, 107, f. 139.
truncatula, Brug., 86, f. 117.
tumida, 4dams, 37 a, f. 169.
turrita, Moll., 15, £. 28.
truncata, 4dams, 14, f. 27.
umbilicata, Montagu, 108, f. 140.
umbilicata, v. truncatula, 86.
undata, v. lineata, 2.

utriculus, v. Cranchii, 84.
velum, Vv. vexillum, 8.

vestita, Philippi, 39, f. 48.
vexillum, Chemn., 8, f. 12-14.
virescens, Sowerby, 57, f. 83.
viridis, Rang, 125, f. 52.
vitreea, ddams, 74, f. 102.
voluta, Quoy, 11, f. 24.

conata, v. catena, 137.

MONOGRAPH OF THE GENUS

MEROE.

Fam. Veneride.

Char. Gen. Testa equivalva, ineequilatera, subovali-cuneiformis,
levis, solida, epidermide tenui induta, posticé subangulata, anticé
rotundata; margine ventrali interné denticulato; ligamento in
aream enon inserto; lunuldi anticd distinctA, ane gati, im-
pressi; cardine dentibus tribus cardinalibus et uno “elongato
laterali antico in utraque valvi; impressionibus muscularibus
duabus lateralibus ; impressione pallii sinu rotundato.

The deep excavation of the hinder part of the dorsal edge, in
which the ligament is placed, and the obtuse wedge-like form,
seems to separate this genus quite naturally from Cytherea.

1. Meroz pica (pl. exxvi. f. 1, 2), Schum. Venus Meroe,
linneus. Donax Meroe, Lamarck.

M. test&é omnino planulatim costata, antice elongata, postice
angulo subacuto; colore intts violaceo, extus purpureo, vel lineis
acutangularibus purpureis ornato.

Flatly ribbed all over, the hinder side the shorter ; angle of the
outline rather acute; the ventral edge not particularly bulged ;
variable in colour, generally with broad purple angular lines on a
pale ground.

Philippines. J/. Cuming.

2. Meroz Ervossa (pl. exxvi. f.11, 12). Hanley, Pro. Zool.
Soc. 1832; Recent Shells, p. 199; Wood’s Supplement, pl. 15.
f. 18.

M. testé omnino costis elevatis rotundatis cincti, anticé brevius-
cula, rotundatim angustata, posticé angulo obtuso ; colore pallido,
lineis fuscis angulatim scripto, intus albido, versus apicem roseo
tincto.

In this species the ribs are rounded and elevated, the anterior

4K

610

side is rather the shorter, the angle of the posterior side is obtuse.
Colour pale brownish, with brown angular markings: it also
occurs white.

Pasacao Bay, Philippmes. Cuming.

3. Mrroz spminupa (pl. exxvi. f. 15), Phidippi, Abbild.
Cyth. t. ix. f. 8. An var. C. Birmanica, Anton?

M. testa ad umbones et posticé costis subplanulatis cincta,
subtumida, subeequilatera, postice subrotundaté ; margine ventrali
rotundo; colore pallidissimé fulvo, maculis angularibus fuscis picto.

Ribbed only at the umbones, and a little beyond the posterior
half of the shell, which is coloured with broad angular brown
markings on a very pale ground. More equilateral than the pre-
ceding, with the posterior angle and ventral edge rounded.

Moluccas. Cuming.

4. Murox soripra (pl. cxxvi. f. 3, 4, 5, 6,7, 8). Venus
scripta, Linneus. Donax scripta, Lamarck.

M. testa levigata, anticé subelongataé, postice angulo subacuto,
intts violaced, extis lineis acutangularibus scripta, variat purpurea,
immaculaté; vel alba, vel aurantid, fusca, seripta.

In shape and variations of colour like JZ. picta, from which it
differs in having no ribs.

Indian Ocean. Lamarck.

5. Meroz excavata (pl. exxvi. f. 18, 14), Hanley, Pro.
Zool. Soc. 1842; Recent Shells, p. 109. pl. 15. f. 19.

M. testa levigata, subrotundata, lata, antic brevi, angusta,
postice expansi; margine dorsali elevato, angulo obtuso ; Margine
ventrali rotundato ; colore violaceo vel pallid’ fulvo, ‘purptreo
interruptim radiato.

Broader and rounder than J/. seripta, with the anterior small
in proportion to the posterior side, which is broad, with the dorsal
margin elevated, the angle obtuse, and the ventral margin much
bulged.

Japan.

6. Murog susquaprata (pl. cxxvi. f. 9), Sowerby, jun.

M. testa levigati, posticé subquadrati, anticé brevi, angusta,
margine ventrali subrotundata ; colore pallidé fulvo, fusco radiatim
maculato.

611

The anterior side is short and narrow. ‘The shell differs from
M. excavata, Hanley, in the squareness of the posterior side, and
the length and elevation of the posterior dorsal edge. The ventral
edge is not so much bulged. dus. Cuming and Sowerby.

7. Meroz Soranprt (pl. exxvi. f. 10), Gray, Ann. Phil.
Wood, Suppl. pl. 2. f. 11.

M. testi levigatd, tumidd, subaequilaterali, subovali; margine
ventrali rotundato ; colore albo, maculis fasciisque fuscis angulatim
scripto.

Shell smooth, tumid, and more oval than any of the rest; and
nearly equilateral.

China.

LIST OF FIGURES IN PLATE CXXVI.

Fig. 1, 2. M. picta, Sp. 1.
3-8. — scripta, 4.
9. — subquadrata, 6.
10. — Solandri, 7.
11, 12. — effossa, 2.
13, 14. — excavata, 5.
15. — seminuda, 3.

MONOGRAPH OF THE GENUS

CYTHERAA,

Fam. Veneride.

Char. Gen. Testa equivalvis, ineequilatera, plerumque ovalis ;
impressionibus muscularibus duabus, subreniformibus ; _ pallii
impressione plerumque posticé plus minus sinuatd; ligamento
externo; lunuld plerumque impressi; cardine dentibus duobus

612

aut tribus cardimalibus, uno sublaterali, plerumque approximo ;
epidermide tenui.

The Cytheree are distinguished from the Veneres by the cha-
racter of the hinge, there being a short lateral tooth generally
close to, but distinct from, the cardinal teeth. In the section of
Veneres named Dosina by some authors, there is a rudimentary
indication of this character, enough to show the uncertainty of
our artificial classifications, but not enough to invalidate the pre-
sent genus as a useful division. After removing the genus Meroe
on the one hand, and Circe and Artemis on the other, we can see
no practical utility in other generic divisions which have been
proposed for the shells now to be described.

1. Cyruer@a CrassaTettores (pl. exxvu. f. 1, 2, 3),
Trigona Crassatelloides, Conrad, Ann. Nat. Sc. Phil. vol. vii.
p- 253. t. 19. f..17. Test. jumior, Trigona stultorum ? Gray in
Analyst, 1838. Hanley, Sp. Shells, p.105. Wood, Sup. t. 2. f. 2.

Cyth. testé subtrigona, crass, subsequilatera, obliqui; cardine
et ligamento magnis; margine laterali postico, obliquo, sub-
elongato, margine ventrali prope angulum posticum subarcuato ;
colore pallido, radiis fuscis violascentibus, vel griseo-fuscescente ;
epidermide pallidé fulva, vitred.

Shell very thick, with large hinge and ligament; obliquely
shaped, although nearly equilateral; umbones prominent, ventral
outline rather swollen near the posterior angle, which is not very
decided or sudden; colour pale, with rays of brown or purplish ;
epidermis pale greenish-yellow, glassy, and smooth; the teeth and
muscular impressions marked with purplish-brown. The younger
specimens are probably identical with the C. studtorum, figured in
Wood’s Index.

California. Mus. Cuming, Gubba, §e.

2. Cyraerma puta (pl. cxxvi. f. 4), Sowerby, jun.

Cyth. testa C. Crassatelloidi simillima, sed magis angulari et
recta; margine ventrale prope angulum posticum rectiusculo.

Our figure of this shell is taken from a drawing made long ago ;
but we have no idea in what collection the shell is to be found, or
from what locality it comes. Mr. Cuming has a shell something
like it, but not absolutely identical with it, from China. The
species appears much less oblique than C. Crassatelloides, and
more angular posteriorly.

613

3. Cyrueraa vireinea (pl. exxvil. f. 5), Adams, Voy.
Samarang, Moll. p. 78.

Cyth. testi oblong’, subtriangulari, subaquivalvi, crassa,
cinerascente-albi, epidermide vitred induta, radiatim obscurissime
fasciatd ; latere postico subcoarctato, subviolaceo, lined impresso.

Some of the young rayless specimens of C. Crassatelloides pre-
sent a general resemblance to this shell, which, however, may be
distinguished by the contraction of the posterior side.

Moluccas.

4, Cyruer#a Damaorpss (pl. exxvil. f. 7, 8, 9), Gray;
Wood, Suppl. Venus, f. 17. C. ponderosa, Koch, Abbild. und
Besch. Conch. pl. 1. f. 1.

Cyth. testé subtrigond, crassi, levigata, alté, subcompressi ;
umbonibus, cardine et ligamento magnis; margine postico brevi-
usculo, subplanulato, subangulato ; lunulé elongata, subdistincta ;
nargine ventrali anticé rotundato, posticé prope angulum paululim
contracto; colore pallido, fasciis radiantibus rubescentibus, vel
fuscis, vel nullis, ad angulum posticum purpureo unifasciato,
inttis albo.

Shell very thick when fully grown, pale, smooth, with radiating
bands of purple or brown, with one darker and broader on the
posterior angle; umbones elevated, rather tumid, slightly leaning
towards the hinder side, which is flattened and rather short ;
ventral edge swollen anteriorly, and slightly contracted towards
the posterior angle. The hinge is very broad and thick, the
ligament large, lateral tooth distant, and interior of the shell
pearly white.

Red Sea.
5. CYTHERMA VENTRICOSA (pl. cxxvu. f. 6), MS., Brit. Mus.

Cyth. testa subtrigond, inflata, altissimd, levi; latere postico
laté angulato et complanato, latere antico subincurvato; margine
ventrali anticé subrotundato ; lunula cordiformi, margine impress ;
colore pallido, fusco fasciatim scripto.

Shell very ventricose, as deep as long, smooth, with pale angular
markings arranged in irregular concentric bands; the umbones
leaning towards the anterior side; hinder side angulated, with a
broad flattened space; lunule heart-shaped, defined at the edge.
Mr. Cuming’s specimen, which we have figured, is more remark-
able in form than those of the British Museum.

China.

614

6. Cyrueraa tRIPLA (pl. cxxvii. f. 18, 19, 20, 21, 22),
fnnn., Mantis, p. 545; Lamarck, no. 12; Chemn. f. 330, 331.

Cyth. testi trigond, crassi, alta, pallidé fulvA vel aurantiaca,
nonnunquam fascis violaceis radiata, intis plerumque purpurea ;
margine ventrali subrecté, lateribus excavatis ; ared posticd angu-
lati, magni, cordiformi; area antici magna, subangulaté ; lunuld
distincta,

Shell trigonal, thick, deeper than long, of a pale buff or orange-
colour, sometimes rayed with purple bands, sometimes deep purple
within. ‘There is a peculiar swell in the disc of the shell near the
umbones, then the angle is contracted, and again spreads broadly
at the ventral margin. Both sides present large cordiform areas,
and the lunule is defined by an impressed line. The spreading of
the ventral margin does not take place till the shell is full grown.

Senegal.

7. CyTHER@A corpicuLa (pl. exxvii. f. 37, 38, 39), La-
marck, Anim. s. vert., sp. 11.

Cyth. testé ventricosd, alt’, subtrigond; latere antico subro-
tundato, latere postico subcoarctato; umbonibus magnis, sub-
centralibus; colore pallidé luteo, fascis castaneis radiato, vel
omnino castaneo, intis albo.

Shell very ventricose, trigonal, with large umbones, and nearly
as high as broad; the hinder side almost narrowed to a point, the
front side round. The specimens (f. 39) from California, in
My. Sowerby’s collection, are pale, with dull-brown rays and dull-
brown epidermis. The specimen (f. 38) in Mr. Gubba’s collec-
tion has the rays much brighter. Mr. Cuming has one of a
chestnut-colour all over.

Island of Margarita, West Indies.

8. Cyruerama Hinopsir (pl. exxvin. f. 27), Hanley, Sp. of
Shells. Wood, Suppl. pl. 15. f. 35.

Cyth. testa C. radiate simili, sed altiore ; latere postico brevi-
usculo; umbonibus inflatis; lunulé et ared posticd latis, indis-
tinctis, fascia castane’ circumscriptis ; colore pallidé fulvo, fusco
fasciato et angulatim lineato ; epidermide velutina.

Shell shorter and more inflated than either C. corbicula or
C. radiata, the hinder side much shorter than in the former.
Instead of a smooth greenish-brown epidermis, it has a velvety
coating, as in C. argentina.

The specimen figured is from Guayaquil Bay. Dus. Cuming.

615

9. CyrHeraa raprata (pl. cxxvii. f. 28, 29, 30, 31), G. B.
Sowerby, Zool. Proc. 1885. p. 28.

Cyth. test&i subtrigond, subsequilaterd, gibbosi, pallescente-
brunneo radiatéi et undulatim picti, levi, epidermide cornea
crassiusculi plus minus induté; lateribus antico posticoque ven-
trem versus rotundatis ; margine ventrali rectiusculo, intts levi.

The ventral edge is nearly straight, and the sides somewhat
squared; the broad rays of colour have undulating markings be-
tween them. In these respects, as well as in being rather less
ventricose, C. radiata differs from C. corbicula.

Salango and Xipixapi, West Columbia; sandy mud, five fa-
thoms. Cuming.

10. CyrHer@A GRACILIOR (pl. exxvi. f. 32), Sowerby, jun.

Cyth. testa albé, C. radiate simili, sed magis elongata, latere
postico subattenuato.

A white shell, much more elongated than C. radiata, with the
posterior side obliquely drawn out; an impressed line on the ante-
rior surface defines the lunule.

Locality unknown. Specimen kindly furnished by Mr. Hanley.

11. CyrHer#a Macrrormes (pl. exxvii. f. 36), Diddwyn,
p. 178. Chemn. f. 330, 331. Lamarck, no. 27?

Cyth. testé ovali-subtrigona, fasciis castaneis radiata, solida,
levi; margine ventrali subrotundé; lateribus breviusculis, postico
rotundatim subangulato ; ared cardinali postic’ cordiformi, cas-
tanei; lunulé indistincté, prope umbones rubra, tim albo uni-
fasciata.

Shell more evenly oval than either C. corbicula or C. radiata,
with the sides shorter, and the whole shell longer in proportion to
its height; the chestnut rays are broader than the intermediate
whites; the hinge area is reddish-brown near the umbones, with
a white broad band enclosing the brown.

Probably from the West Indies.

12. CyTHERaA INTERMEDIA (pl. exxvii. f.35), Sowerby, jun.

Cyth. test& ovali-subtrigond, albi, subecquilatera, levi, com-
pressi; margine ventrali rectiusculo; latere postico subangulato.
A white, trigonal, rather compressed shell, neither so high nor
so tumid as C. radiata, and having the ventral margin more
straight, and the hinder side more squared, than in C. depressa.
California. Cuming.

616

13. Cyrner&®a COMPREsSA (pl. cxxviil. f.33,34), Sowerby, jun.

Cyth. testi ovali-subtrigond, alba, vel fasciis rubescentibus
varié radiata, crassi, laevi, compress’ ; margine ventrali subrotun-
dato, prope angulum posticum subcontracto.

Shell shaped hke C. Mactroides, but much more compressed.
It is nearly equilateral, and the outline of the ventral margin is
slightly contracted near the posterior angle.

The variety with waved lines between the rays is from the
Cape of Good Hope ; this, and the specimen (fig. 33) of a general
brown tint, belong to Mr. Hanley.

14. CyrHeraa NiTIDULA (pl.cxxvui. f.25), Lamarck, Anim.
s. vert. no. 21.

Cyth. “testi ovato-elliptica, laevigata, fulvo-rubente ; cingulis
subduabus spadiceo-maculatis ; natibus albidis.”—Zamarck..

Shell resembling the last, but deeper, larger, and more oval.
It is coloured by clouded reddish-brown rays, which at the sides
branch out into oblique lines.

Locality uncertain.

15. Cyrner#a tineata (pl. exxvui. f. 26), Sowerby, jun.

Cyth. testé trigond, subventricosa, equilatera, tenui, levigata,
subcinered, posticé angulatim trilineata, anticé unipunctata, itis
ad latera purpured ; margine ventrali subrecto, lateribus sub-
rotundatis ; umbonibus parvulis, lateribus ceeruleis; lunulé sub-
angustatd; lined impressd circumscripta.

Shell trigonal, longer than high, equilateral, rather thin,
smooth, of a pale ashy-buff colour, with three sharply angulated
lines at the posterior side, and a spot at the anterior side; both
sides strongly marked with purple inside. The umbones are small,
with little dashes of blue at the sides; the lunule is defined.
This shell is related to the three or four preceding, but by the
above characters easily distinguished. The specimen figured,
from the collection of Mr. Hanley, is, as far as we know, unique.

16. Cyrueraa Hanteyana (pl. exxvui. f. 23, 24), Sowerby,
june

Cyth. testé subovali-trigond, subobliqua, inaquilatera, tenui,
levi, pallidissimé grisea, fasctis interruptis radiatis fuscis et ad
latus posticum maculé und distincté picté; latere postico sub-
elongato ; umbonibus parvulis, ceruleis ; lunula indistincta.

617

Shell of a subovate trigonal form, thin, smooth, the hinder
side longer than the front; the umbones bluish and small. Colour
pale ashy-buff, with one strong spot of brown near the hinder
angle, and, in one specimen, a number of interrupted brown rays.

Of the two specimens in the collection of Mr. Hanley, the
locality is unknown.

17. CyTHER@®A TRIGONELLA (pl. cxxvin. f. 16), Lamarck,
Anim. s. vert. no. 28. Trigona angulifera, Gray, in Analyst, 1838.

Cyth. “testa trigond, subzequilatera, depressi, pallide fulva ;
radius albis, raris; ano lanceolato.”’—Lamarch.

The specimen figured is very much like that m Delessert (t. 8.
f.3); and this is the only means of identification, as the above
description would apply to several. It is oblong, trigonal, almost
transparent, nearly equilateral; at the hinder side it is rather
squared and has a dark brown band. ‘There is a red softened
spot on either side of the umbones, which are small, and the body
of the shell is variously coloured with pale rays and several zig-
zag brown markings.

West Indies.

18. Cyrneraa incerta (pl. exxvii. f.17), Sowerby, jun.

Cyth. testa alba, levi, ventricosi, ovali-subtrigond ; umbonibus
parvulis, utrimque rubro-tinctis ; lineis pallidis, fulvis, angulatis,
sparsis.

A small, white, ovate-subtrigonal shell, resembling C. trigonella,
but more obese and thick, and not so decidedly oval.

St. John’s; J. Hartweg. We have only seen the specimen in
Mr. Cuming’s collection.

19. Cyruerma Bricotor (pl. exxvu. f. 10, 11), Gray, nm
Analyst. Hanley, Sp. of Shells. Wood, Suppl. pl. 15. f. 16.

Cyth. testi trigond, angulata, albi, post angulum castaned,
alta, compressa; lateribus et margine ventrali rectis ; latere pos-
tico subelongato, acutiusculo; lunuld elongata, distinct; um-
bonibus acutis.

A white shell, with a dark brown mark behind the angle, rather
compressed, and nearly approaching an equilateral triangle in
form, the hinder side being a little longer and more acute.

The brown specimen is from the Red Sea, in Mr. Cuming’s
collection.

Senegal.

4.1

615

20. CyTHERMA PLANULATA (pl. exxvu. f. 13), Broderip, Zool.
Journ. vol. v. p. 48. Donax Lessoni ? Deshayes, Kine. Méth. vers.
p.99. C.planulata, var. suffusa, Sowerby, Zool.Proc. 1835. p.45.

Cyth. testi trigond, depressiusculé, subsquilaterali; angulis
inferioribus rotundatis ; pallidé flavicante, radiis numerosis fusces-
centibus ; inti albida, fusco-violaceo varii; dente postico remoto.

Shell triangular, depressed, not quite equilateral (the hinder
side being the shorter), white, with a thin epidermis, radiated
with brown stripes of various width, purple at the apex and also
within at the sides and about the hinge; near the hinder angle
there is a sinuous opening between the valves.

The variety described im the Zoological Proceedings presents
a slight difference in form, and has the rays more spread.

Panama. Cuming.

21. CyrHeraa unpuLata (pl. cxxvi. f.12), Sowerby, jun.
C. planulata, Sowerby, Beechy Voy. Zool. t. 43. f. 6.

Cyth. testi C. planulate simili, sed altiore, solidiore ; radiis
interruptis, transvers¢ undulatis ; latere postico clauso; lunuld
lanceolata, distincta.

Shell less elongated, more equally triangular, and more solid
than C. planulata, with the hinder side closed, or nearly so, and
paited with a defined broad ray of purplish-brown ; the rays on
the surface are composed of beautifully undulated cross bands ;
the lunule is long and distinct; the purple patches within well
defined and brilliant. Umbones white.

Salango, West Columbia; sandy mud, nine fathoms. Cuming.

22. CyrHerma poxita (pl. exxvu. f: 14), Sowerby, jun.

Cyth. testa trigon’, depressi, politd, postice angulati, pallidé
fulvi, cinerascente, distanter radiatim fulvo fasciaté, ad umbones
angulatim lineata, intts alb’; cardine, lateribus et margine
purpureo tinctis ; latere postico ad basin subacuto, latere antico
rotundato ; lunulé parva, distincta, subinflata.

A more smooth and solid shell than C. planulata or C. undulata ;
not squared, but angulated at the posterior termination of the
lower margin; colour pale brown, with here and there a tint of
blue, and three or four brown rays; umbones small, with very
delicate fluctuating lines; inner surface white, tinted at the hinge,
the posterior side, and about the pallial impression with clouded
purple.

Mr. Hanley has kindly furnished the only specimen we have
seen of this shell.

619

23. Cyrupraa DouaBexa (pl. exxvu. f. 15), Sowerby, yun.

Cyth. testé trigond, solidi, alta, pallida, levigati, epidermide
fuscé indutd ; latere postico angulato, subexcavato, ad basin sub-
rostrato; latere antico rotundato; lunuld parva, distincté; mar-
gine ventrali subarcuato ; umbonibus acutis.

A pale trigonal shell, with a dark brown epidermis ; the ventral
margin and lower part of the anterior side rounded, the posterior
angle prominent and acute.

Red Sea. Mus. Cuming.

24, CYTHEREA MERETRIX (pl. exxix. f. 48, 49, 50), Linn.
Syst. Nat. Lamarck, Anim, s. vert. Cyth. no. 6.

Cyth. testi ponderosa, ovali-subtrigond, levi, alba, postice
ceruled, prope umbones vel omnino angulatim fusco-maculato ;
margine ventrali subinflato; latere postico vix angulato, sub-
elongato, ad terminum subacuto ; lunulé magni, indistincta ; iga-
mento magno.

Lamarck has separated this and the followmg member of the
same group upon the mere ground of variations in colour. I
am inclined to think that such distinctions are untenable, and am
almost persuaded that this species and the eight following might
be united under one name, seeing that they pass imperceptibly
into each other, and that in a young state it is almost impossible
to distinguish them. As, however, such extensive recombinations
would hardly be consistent with the usual course of nomenclature,
I have endeavoured, from a number of specimens, to arrange a
series of variations in form, and have applied to them the same
names which Lamarck attached to variations in colour. This species
has an oval form, rather lengthened and angular at the posterior
side, while the ventral edge is rounded. It is generally white,
with a broad purplish posterior area, and a few angular markings
near the umbones, or, as in fig. 5, nearly all over the shell. The
latter is in Mr. Cuming’s collection, and is from China.

25. CYTHERDA EELECHLALIS (pl. cxxix. f. 51, 52), Lamarck,
Anim. s. vert. Cyth. no. 2. Var. C. graphica, Lamarck, no. 7.

Cyth. testa C. meretrici simillimi, sed multum altiore ; margine
rotundissimo ; latere postico rotundatim angulato; colore sub-
griseo, fusco-rufescente angulatim lineato.

Shell rounder and higher than C. meretrix ; the ventral margin
very much rounded ; the lateral angle rather more distinct ; co-
joured in the same way as C. meretria, but without the purple
dosterior area.

620

_ Japan, Dr. Sibbald. Mus. Cuming. The small variety in
Mr. Sowerby’s collection (f. 52) is perhaps the C. graphica of
Lamarck.

26. CyrHeraa Lusorta (pl. exxvui. f. 40, 41, 42), Lamarck,
Cyth. no. 1. Var. C. fusca, Koch, Ph. Abbild. t. 3. f.1.

Cyth. testa C. meretrici simili, sed latere postico magis angu-
lato; margine ventrali subrecto.

The ventral edge is straighter, and the lateral hinder angle
more distinct. Fig. 40 represents the typical variety, having
chestnut-coloured concentric bands, divided into two rays near
the umbones; it is in Mr. Cuming’s collection, from the
Philippines. Fig. 41 is m Mr. Sowerby’s collection, and co-
loured exactly as the typical variety of C. meretrix; and fig. 42 is
entirely chestnut-coloured : it is from the collection of Mr. Gubba,
and well agrees with C. fusca, Koch. All have broad purplish
bands covering the posterior angle. China.

27. CyrHER#A MoRPHINA (pl. exxix. f. 59, 60), Lamarck,
Anim. s. vert. Cyth. no. 8. var.

Cyth. testa C. meretrict simili, sed lateribus suffusis, lunula
magis inflaté, marginibus ecrassioribus ; colore pallide fulvo, griseo
radiatim fasciato.

Shell thicker, more spreading at the sides, with a rather
straighter and thicker margin and more tumid lunule than
C. meretrix; no posterior purple band; the colour pale reddish-
brown, with greyish rays.

Fig. 59, China; Jus. Cuming. Fig. 60, Mus. Hanley.

28. Cyruuraa Formosa (pl. exxix. f. 47), Sowerby, jun.

Cyth. testa C. meretrict simili, sed magis obliqui et elongata ;
latere postico elongatiusculo ; colore pallido, fasciis griseis suffuso,
prope umbones castaneo biradiato.

This shell is thinner, more oblique, and more elongated, than
C. meretrix, which it otherwise greatly resembles. The hinder
part is coloured with grey, which is spread in concentric bands
towards the fore part; there are also two broad chestnut-coloured
rays, commencing at the umbones, and interrupted near the centre.

Locality unknown. Jus. Cuming.

29. Cyruprma zonaria (pl. exxix. f. 58, 54), Lamarck,
Anim. s. vert. sp. 5. Var. C. exilis, Chemn. f. 362, 368?

Cyth. test& leis angulatis fasciatim picta, C. meretricd stmili,

62)

sed posticé validé angulati; margine ventrali prope angulum
paulultim contracto.

Shell almost trigonal; the posterior side decidedly angular, and
the ventral margin very slightly contracted near the posterior
angle. The typical variety is marked with fluctuating angular
lines arranged in bands.

Our specimens are both from China, in Mr. Cuming’s collection.

30. CyrHera#a Impupica (pl. exxix. f. 55, 56, 57, 58).
Venus, Chemn. f. 347, 348, 350; Lamarck, Cyth. no. 3. Var.
C. castanea, Lamarck, no. 4.

Cyth. testi C. meretrici simili, sed magis ventricosa, solidé, et
rotundata.

Shell much more ventricose, thick, and rounded, than C. mere-
tric. One variety is of a pale pink-buff (f. 55); another, the
same radiated and suffused with grey ; a third has two brown rays ;
and a fourth, C. castanea, Lamarck, is chestnut all over.

Fig. 58, Singapore; Mus. Cuming. Fig. 56, 57, Philippines ;
Cuming. Fig. 55, Mr. Sowerby’s collection.

31. Cyruerma casta (pl. exxix. f. 43, 44, 46), Gmelin.
Var. C. brunnea, Chemn.?

Cyth. testA C. meretrici simili, sed solidiore ; C. impudice simili,
sed rectiusculd, subsequilater’ ; latere postico subquadrato ; testa
pallidé, nonnunquam fascii aurantiaci unici prope marginem
cincta ; epidermide rufescente.

Shell more straight and square, less oblique and rounded, than
C. wmpudica; colour pale, with a reddish epidermis. There is one
variety from Ceylon, which always has an orange band near the
ventral margin, leaving the remaining space white: Mr. Sowerby
possesses specimens of this.

32. CyTHERHA Ovum (pl. cxxix. f. 45), Hanley, Species of
Shells.

Cyth. testa C. caste simili, sed magis elongata et ovata.
Much more elongated and oval than C. casta.

33. CyrHerma Lyrata (pl. exxix. f. 61), Sowerby, jun.

Cyth. testi ovali-subtrigon4, crassi, ventricosi, fulv’ grisescente
concentricé subundatim sulcata ; latere postico subangulato, fusco ;
lunula vix distincta.

This beautiful shell takes the form as the group just coneluded,

622

but is characterized by waved, deep-cut, concentric ridges. The
hinder side is marked with deep brown.
Jinigaran, Island of Negroes, Philippines. Cuming.

34. CYTHERHA ARGENTINA (pl. cxxix. f. 62), Sowerby, sen.,
Pro. Zool. Soc. 1835. p. 46.

Cyth. testé subtrigond, alba, subzequilaterali; latere antico
pauld breviore, postico subacuminato; margine dorsali postico
rectiusculo, declivi, ventrali rotundato; epidermide tenui, cornea,
extis velutind, alba, quasi argentata, induta.

Shell subtrigonal, white, subequilateral; the anterior side a
little the shorter, the hinder side rather acuminated; the ventral
margin rounded; epidermis thin, pale-green, with a velvety,
silver-like coating over it.

Gulf of Nocoiya, Central America; sand-banks at low water.
Cuming.

35. CyrHER#A NOBILIS (pl. exxx. f. 68), Reeve, Pro. Zool.
Soc. 1849.

Cyth. testé crassi, albi, rotundatd, concentricé subundatim
costata, ventricosi; latere antico brevi, rotundato, latere postico
unisulcato; margine postico dorsali et ligamento elongatis; lu-
nula distincta, excavatd ; umbonibus magnis.

A fine, large, heavy, ribbed, rounded, white shell, with hinder
dorsal margin and ligament high and long ; lunule excavated, and
anterior side short; a depressed ridge at the posterior side.

36. CyrHERzA PuRPURATA (pl. exxx. f.67), Lamarck, Anim.
s. vert. Cyth. no. 9. C. lubrica, Broderip, Zool. Proc. 1835.

Cyth. testa nitente, crassi, rotundata, subcompressd, purpurea,
intiis albi, sulcis inequalibus cincti, posticé obscuré angulata ;
margine dorsali subexcavata ; lunula impressa.

Shell thick, shining, rounded, purple, white within, rather com-
pressed, girt with unequal, distant grooves; dorsal margin rather
hollow ; lunule impressed.

Puerto Portrero, Central America. Cuming.

37. CYTHERHA UMBONELLA (pl. cxxx. f. 63, 64, 65, 66),
Lamarck, Anim. s. vert. Cyth. no. 55. Var. C. nivea, Hanley,
Sp. of Shells, p. 97.

Cyth. testa crassa, ventricosa, nitente, ovali, iaquilatera, pur-

623

purea vel nived, posticé caeruled, ad umbones fusco maculata ; latere
antico brevi, sulcis regularibus concentricis cincto; umbonibus
sulcatis, prominentibus ; lunulé cordiformi, subexcavata.

Shell oval, thick, ventricose, shining, with the anterior side
short and round, and sulcated; the umbones prominent and sul-
cated ; the lunule broad, heart-shaped, and hollow.

Fig. 64 (Mr. Cuming’s), from Brazil, purple; fig. 63 (Mr.
Cuming’s), Red Sea, part purple, very oblique; fig. 65, 66, C.
nivea, Hanley, white, with bluish posterior side: all angularly
marked with brown at the umbones.

38. CyrHer#a ERYCINA (pl. cxxx. f. 69). Venus erycina,
Timn. 1181. Chemn. Conch. f. 337.

Cyth. testa ovali, crassi, concentricé planulatim sulcaté, medio
fusca, ad margines aurantid, prope marginem dorsalem fusco et albo
maculati, omnino fusco et albo interruptim radiata; latere antico
brevi; lunula distincta, aurantia.

Shell oval, thick, brown at the upper part, orange towards the
margin, with a band of white on each side of the lunule, and
dorsal margin crossed by zigzag markings of brown, radiated
with broad interrupted bands of brown and white, concentrically
ridged ; the ridges broad and flat.

Philippines. Jus. Cuming.

39. CYTHEREA MULTIRADIATA (pl. cxxx. f. 76), Sowerby, jun.

Cyth. testa C. erycine simili, sed costis obsoletis.

Like C. erycina, but with the ribs, excepting on a small part of
the anterior, obsolete; in the colouring there are also some linear
rays with undulating lines between.

Bay of Manilla. Cuming.

40. CyrHer«a costata (pl. cxxx. f.70, 71), Chemn. f.1975.

Wood, Suppl. pl. 7. £.39. Hanley, Sp. of Shells, p.106. Var.
C. Pacifica, Dillwyn, p. 175?

Cyth. testa C. erycine simili, sed costis rotundatis, clevatis,
alba, lineis fuscis distanter radiata, vel fulva, fusco-nigrescente
radiatim fasciata.

Like C. erycina, but with the ribs rounded and elevated ; white,
with interrupted linear brown rays, or of a dull greyish-brown,
with dark broad rays.

Fig. 70, from Swan River ; fig. 71, from Port Essington. Jukes.

624

41. CYTHERHA ERYCLNELLA (pl.cxxxi. f.85), Lamarck, Anim.
s. vert. Cyth. no. 17.

Cyth. test& ovali, levi, fusco distanter radiatim fasciata ; latere
antico brevi, sulcato, latere postico subacuminato, planulato ;
lunula parva, distincta.

From general appearance supposed by some authors to be the
young of C. erycina, but it is more pointed at the posterior side,
and the grooves only reach from the anterior side to the middle of
the shell.

Red Sea.

42, CYTHERMA SEMISULCATA (pl. cxxxi. f. 82), Sowerby, jum.

Cyth. testi C. erycinelle simili, sed magis elongaté et ovali ;
alba, maculis tribus latissimis subceruleis radiatim albo inter-
ruptis medio picta.

Besides the form, which is more elongated and more regularly
oval, the colour of this shell, consisting of three very broad
radiate patches in the centre of a white ground, distinguishes it
from C. erycinella. One specimen from Australia, in Mr. Cuming’s
collection, is all we have seen.

43, CYTHEREA PULCHRA (pl. cxxx. f. 73), Gray, Wood’s
Suppl. t.2. £16. Hanley, Sp. of Shells, p. 104.

Cyth. testa ovali, levigaté, pallidé fulvi, griseo marmorati,
lineis purpureis radiata, anticé sulcaté, brevi; lunuli purpurea,
impressi ; aredi dorsali lividi, angulatim fusco-lineaté; latere
postico ad terminum subacuminato.

Shell oval, smooth, pale fawn-coloured, marbled with brownish-
grey, radiated with dark purplish broad lines ; lunule impressed,
dark purple; dorsal area grey, with fluctuating angular lines
across; anterior side short, grooved ; posterior side rather length-

ened, rather acuminated at the end, and smooth.
Red Sea.

44, Cyramraa Stvensts (pl. exxxi. f. 79, 80). Venus Chi-
nensis, Chemn. f. 1976.

Cyth. testé subovali, subdepressi, dimidiatim sulcati, alba,
rufo radiata et maculaté ; margine dorsali albo, elevato; lunula
impressi, rubra; latere postico subacuminato.

Shell more broad and depressed than the preceding members
of the same group, with the sides more elevated towards the
umbones.

China.

625

45. CYTHERMA SPATHULATA (pl.cxxx1. f.78, 79), Sowerby, jun.

Cyth. testé C. Sinensi simili, sed altiore ; margine dorsali fusco
angulatim maculato ; disco fulvo, fusco interruptim radiato ; la-
tere fusco, unifasciato.

Shell coloured like C. erycina, except that the margin is not
orange ; it is shaped like C. Scmenszs, but with the dorsal margin
more elevated, and white, marked across with angular spots.

Australia. The specimen figured from Mr. Cuming’s collection
is the only one we have seen.

46. CyrHerma impar (pl. cxxxi. f. 77), Lamarck, Anim. s.
vert. Cyth. no. 16.

Cyth. testd subovali, crassi, levi, alta, anticé sulcataé, omnino
fasciis fuscis violascentibus interruptis radiata, intts violaceo
tincté ; margine dorsali livido, retuso, fusco maculato, subangu-
lato ; latere antico brevissimo, postico obtuso ; lunuld excavati,
lividi ; umbonibus magnis.

Shell smooth at the back, ribbed in front, large and rather
angular at the dorsal margin and umbones, short in front, long
and obtuse behind; nearly white between the greyish-brown
interrupted rays ; dorsal margin livid; lunule concave and livid.

The peculiar characteristic of this shell is the obtuseness of the
posterior side, at the termination of the ventral margin.

Australia.

47. CyrHER#A Festiva (pl.cxxx. f. 72), ——? (tablet of
Paris Museum).

Cyth. test& subovali, crassi, levi, anticé sulcata, fulvo-rubes-
cente, lineis et fasciis rubris radiata; latere antico brevi, postico
ad terminum subobtuso ; lunulé impressd, rubra.

Shell like C. mpar, but not so high nor so thick at the umbones,
nor so obtuse at the posterior termination. The colouring is also
different, being composed of bands of ght brown and pinkish-
white, crossed by radiating lines and bands of rose-red ; Innule
red and impressed.

Locality unknown. The specimen figured is remarkably beau-
tiful, and belongs to Mr. Hanley.

48. CYTHERHA PECTORALIS (pl.cxxx. f.75), Lamarck, Anin.
s. vert. Cyth. no. 18.

Cyth. testa ovali, subelongaté, subdepressi, concentricé multi-
4M

626

sulcata, violascente-fulvo radiatim fasciaté; margine dorsali alba,
fusco maculata; lunuld livida.

Shell rather more depressed and elongated than the preceding,
not so elevated and angular at the posterior side, and having the
dorsal margins white marked with angular spots of brown, ra-
diated with brown, which becomes of a blackish-violet near the
ventral edge; lunule well defined and of a strong purple tint.

The shell agrees well with Lamarck’s description, with the
exception of its being of a large size.

St. Nicholas, Island of Zebu, Philippines. Cuming.

49. CytHERa@A LILACINA (pl. cxxx. f.74), Lamarck, Anim.
s. vert. Cyth. no. 15.

Cyth. testa ovali, ventricosi, concentricé sulcata, fulva, obscuré
radiata, posticé subangulaté ; margme dorsali livido; lunula dis-
tincta, livida.

Shell ventricose, oval, sulcated, brown, with obscure rays ;
hinder side rather angulated; dorsal margin of a dull purplish
tint.

Island of Corigidor ; Cuming.

50. Cyreraa oBusa (pl. exxxi. f. 83, 84), Sowerby, jun.

Cyth. testa ovali, leevigata, ventricosa, crassa, obscuré biradiata,
in radiis maculata ; lunuld impressa.

Shell oval, smooth, ventricose, thick, cream-coloured in the
middle, dull white near the margins, rayed obscurely with two
broad bands, upon which are reddish square spots.

Locality unknown. We have seen only the one specimen
figured from Mr. Cuming’s collection.

51. CyrHerA PIPERITA (pl. cxxxvi. f. 175), Sowerby, jun.

Cyth. testa lubrica, parva, ovali, subdepressi, pallidé fulva,
griseo obscure radiata, maculis mgrescentibus parvis angulatis
sparsi; latere antico brevi, obscure sulcato, postico subacuminato ;
lunuld distincta.

Shell very shining, rather small, oval, pale fawn, with very
obscure rays of grey and sprinkled with sharp, black, angulated
spots ; anterior side short, with a few grooves; posterior side
rather acuminated ; lunule distinct.

Island of Burias, Phihppines. Cumino.

627

52. Cyruer“a Purtipernarvum (pl. cxxxvi. f. 176), Han-
ley, MS.

Cyth. testa rotundati, ventricos’, concentricé sulcati, subrosed,
maculis et radius rubescentibus variegati; latere antico brevi,
postico subquadrato; lunuld et marginis dorsalis parte rubris.

Shell rounded, ventricose, concentrically grooved, of a rosy
tint, variegated with purplish-red rays and spots; hinder side a
little squared ; front side short; Iunule and edges of the liga-
mental fulerum reddish.

Philippines. Cuming.

53. CyTHER#A FLORIDA (pl. cxxxvi. f. 193, 194, 195, 196),
Lamarck, Anim. s. vert. Cyth. no. 20.

Cyth. testa ovali, subdepressi, concentricé sulcata, subrosed,
maculis, lineis, et radiis rubescentibus variegata, inttis plerumque
purpureo nebulaté; margine dorsali lineato; lunuld parva, dis-
tincta.

Shell oval, depressed, concentrically grooved, pinkish, varie-
gated with reddish spots, lines, and rays; anterior side short ;
lunule small, distinct ; dorsal margin cross-lined ; inside clouded
with purple.

Locality unknown.

54. CYTHERAA SIMPLEX (pl.exxxvi. f. 182, 183), Sowerby, jun.

Cyth. test& parva, solida, levi, ovatd, subdepressi, grisescente-
castaned ; margine dorsali albo, nigrescente-fusco angulatim
maculato ; latere antico brevi, rotundato, postico subacuminato ;
lunula indistincta.

Shell small, solid, smooth, depressed, rather oval, of a deep
chestnut colour, mingled with dark grey, and at the dorsal margins
white, with dark, angular cross markings; anterior side short,
rounded, posterior side rather acuminated.

In Mr. Gubba’s collection.

55. CyruHer#a mopesta (pl. exxxvi. f. 184), Sowerby, sen.,
Pro. Zool. Soc. 1835. p. 47.

“Cyth. testé obovati, crassiusculi, levi, concentricé sulcati,
sulcis obsoletiusculis ; albo, fusco et fusco-purpurascente varia ;
apicibus subprominulis ; latere postico longiore, declivi.”

Shell oval, smooth, concentrically grooved, variegated with
whitish-brown and purplish-brown ; hinder side rather lengthened
and sloping, so as to meet the vertical margin in an angle.

Xippixapi, Central America. Cuming.

628

56. CyrHeraa MULTISTRIATA (pl. cxxxvi. f. 177), Sowerby,
Jumor.

Cyth. testé ovali, subelongatd, concentricé striata, fulva, fusco
et roseo variegati et imterruptim radiata; latere antico brevi,
postico subacuminato ; lunula rubra.

Shell oval, rather elongated, concentrically striated, buff, varie-
gated with pinkish-brown waved lines and interrupted rays ;
anterior side rather short, hinder side rather lengthened and
acuminated ; lunule rose-coloured, scarcely defined.

New Zealand, Mr. Hart. Mus. Cuming and Sowerby.

57. CyYTHER@A GIGANTEA (pl. exxxi. f. 86), Laan. Syst.
Nat. Gmel., p. 3282.

Cyth. testi oblonga, subovali, compressi, levi, magna, ru-
bescente-fulva, maculis quadratis fusco-nigrescentibus interruptim
radiata, intus albi; latere antico brevi, subacuminato, postico
elongato, ad terminum subquadrato; margine dorsali subretuso ;
ligamento elongato ; lunuld oblonga, distincta.

Shell oblong, rather flat, smooth, large, of a pinkish fawn-
colour with broad dark square spots disposed in rays, white
within ; anterior side short, but rather narrowed at the end;
posterior side long, rather squared at the end; posterior dorsal
margin rather retuse ; ligament long; lunule distinct. It attains
a much larger size than the specimen figured, which is reduced
one-half.

Gulf of Mexico.

58. CyrHER#A AURANTIA (pl. exxxi. f. 97 bis), Hanley,
Sp. of Shells, appendix. Mood, Supp., pl. 15. f. 20.

Cyth. test& ovali, crassi, laevigata, aurantiacd, intis alba, epi-
dermide fusci induté ; latere antico brevi, rotundato, latere pos-
tico obscuré biangulato, ad termmum subacuminato ; ligamento
elongato ; lunula elongata, distincta.

Shell oval, thick, smooth, of an orange-colour, paling off towards
the umbones to a fawn tint, covered with a rather thick reddish-
brown epidermis; ligament long; lunule long, defined by an
impressed line ; anterior side short, rounded ; posterior side with
two very obtuse radiating angles, rather acuminated at the basal
termination. I figure a fine specimen from Mr. Cuming’s col-

lection.

59. Cyrupraa Curone (pl. exxxu. f. 98), Lenneus, p. 1131.

Cyth. test& ovali, crass’, subcompressa, levigata, fulva, fusco-

629

rubescente maculati et radiati; latere antico brevi, rotundato,
postico rotundato ; lunulé elongaté, distinctd, vix tumida ; liga-
mento subelongato ; margine dorsali subelevato.

Shell oval, rather compressed, smooth, fawn-coloured, with
brown rays and spots; anterior side short, rounded; lunule
rather long, defined, and raised ; posterior side rounded, elevated
at the dorsal margin.

England, and the Mediterranean. Mr. Cuming’s specimens
are from Mazatlan.

60. CyrHerma MacuLata (pl. cxxxi. f. 93, 94, 97), Lcnnaus,
p- 1182.

Cyth. testa C. Chioni simili, sed anticé elongatiusculd, prope
lunulam magis excavati, posticé subacuminatd, subangulata ;
lunulad tumida.

Shell generally flatter and less rounded than C. Chione, with
the dorsal margin and lunule tumid. The colouring is arranged
in square spots, disposed angularly, and partly collected into two
central rays; in one variety these spots are purple.

South America. The very acuminated variety, fig. 98, 94, is
from Australia, in Mr. Cuming’s collection. The posterior
elongation does not commence till the shell has attained a con-
siderable growth.

61. CyrneR#a uUNIcoLoR (pl. exxxi. f. 90, 91), Sowerby,
sen., Pro. Zool. Soc. 1885. p. 23.

“Cyth. testé ovato-subcordiformi, crassiusculé, brunnescente,
levi, politi; latere antico posticoque concentricé sulcatis, sulcis
medio obsoletis ; latere postico longiore, versus partem ventralem
subacuminato; margine ventrali levi, intis purpurascente.”

Shell heart-shaped, rather thick, whitish or brown, smooth,
grooved at the sides, plain in the middle ; the hinder side longest,
angulated, and near the ventral margin rather acuminated.

Xippixapi, West Columbia ; coarse sand, at 6 fathoms. Cuming.

61.* CyrHEeraa sQuaLipA (pl. cxxxi. f. 87, 88, 89), Sowerby,
Pro. Zool. Soc. 1835. p. 28. Var. C. biradiata, Beechey’s Voyage.

“Oyth. testa ovato-subcordata, crassiuscula, rubente-albicante
radiata ; latere postico longiore, subacuminato; costellis nume-
rosis, concentricis, obtusis, concinnis, confertis.”

Shell more angulated posteriorly than C. maculata, and with the
lunule and dorsal margin less tumid. Although named from the

630

dull greyish-brown tint which prevails in the species, some of the
varieties are beautifully variegated; for instance, the variety
fig. 87, from California, in the collection of Mr. Gubba, and the
biradiate variety with bright purple bands, from the Philippines
(C. biradiata, Beechey’s Voyage). The species was first named from
specimens brought from the Philippine Islands by Mr. Cuming.

62. CyTHERMA AFFINIS (pl. cxxxi. f. 101), Pro. Zool. Soc.
1835. p. 45.

“Cyth. testa ovato-oblonga, planiuscula, leis distantibus ele-
vatis subacutis concentricis albente-violaceis radiati, posticé vix
sublobaté; are& postici violace’; lunulé pallida, inttis alba;
limbo interno levi; epidermide fusca, tenui.”’

Shell oblong-ovate, rather compressed, ribbed concentrically,
white, with pinkish rays, anterior side short, rounded ; posterior
side lengthened, angulated, and acuminated, and near the angle
sinuated; ligament long ; lunule short, defined.

Xippixapi, West Columbia. Cuming.

63. CytHERms TorTUOSA (pl. exxxi. f. 102, 103), Broderip,
Pro. Zool. Soc. 1835. p. 45.

“Oyth. testa obliqué cordati, posticé sublobata, lineis frequen-
tibus subconcentricis obtusis posticé irregularibus, albA, umbones
versus subspadiceo-alba.”

Shell more rounded and more ventricose than C. affinis, less
angular and acuminated posteriorly, with the ribs in some in-
stances divided and irregular. We have a dark reddish-brown
and a white variety.

Xippixapi, West Columbia. Cuming.

64. Cyruerma CoNncINNA (pl. exxxu. f. 99, 100), Sowerdy,
sen., Pro. Zool. Soc. 1835. p. 23.

“ Cyth. testé ovato-subcordata, crassiusculd, rubente-albicante
radiata ; latere postico longiore, subacuminato ; costellis nume-
rosis, concentricis, obtusis, concinnis, confertis.”

Shell shaped like C. distorta, but with the ribs very much more
close and numerous; the hinder side acuminated, but not angu-
lar; colour brown with white rays, or white with one or two
brown rays, or with numerous beautifully softened and divided
pink rays.

Panama; in ten fathoms, fine sand. Cuming. The first-men-
tioned variety, fig. 100, is in the collection of Mr. Gubba.

631

65. Cyrnerma circinata (pl. cxxxu. f. 104, 105, 106),
Born, Mus. t.4. £.8. Venus rubra, Gmel. 3288? C. alternata,
Broderip, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1835. p. 45.

Cyth. testa ovali-subrotundata, ventricosi, alti, albi rubro-ra-
diaté seu omnino purpured; laminis erectis, acutimarginatis, in
medio numerosis, ad latera distantioribus, productioribus, concen-
tricé costaté ; margine dorsali plerumque purpureo; lunula dis-
tinct’, plerumque purpurea.

Shell rather rounded, ventricose, with laminar ribs, which are
less numerous and broader at the sides, particularly at the ante-
rior, white, with purple rays, or entirely purple, generally with
the dorsal margin and lunule of a darker purple. The ribs are
unequal, and in the variety named C. alternata by Broderip, every
alternate one dies out near the sides, the other being more
expanded.

Mazatlan, Donnel, R.N. Var. C. alternata, fig. 104, West
Columbia; dredged in sandy mud at fifteen fathoms. Cuming.

66. CyrHER#A CYGNUS (pl. cxxxu. f. 107), Lamarck, Anim.
s. vert. Cyth. no. 77.

Cyth. test& alba, C. cercinate simili, sed umbonibus ventricosis,
elevatis ; margine dorsali retuso, subplanulato; lunulé magna,
cordiformi, distinctd, impressa.

Shell more ventricose, with larger and more elevated umboes
than C. circinata ; the posterior dorsal margin retuse ; the lunule
large and distinct.

Locality unknown. Mus. Cuming.

67. Cyrner#a Dione (pl. cxxxu. f. 110), Lanneus, Syst.
Nat. p. 1128.

Cyth. test ovali, subventricosa, alba, violaceo tinctd, laminis
elevatis acutis usque ad angulum cincta, postice subelongati, angu-
lata, ad angulum spinis elongatiusculis ornati, post angulum vix
striata ; prope umbonem serie alterd spinarum breviuscularum ;
margine dorsali declivi, subinflaté, nonnunquam rose’; lunula
parva, nonnunquam rosea, distincté; latere antico laminis alteris
evanidis, alteris expansis.

Shell oval, with two rows of spines at the hinder side, one at
the angle with the spines long, the other behind, near the um-
bones, with the spines shorter ; lamina erect and sharp-edged, some
reaching to the front as far as the edge of the lunule, where they
are much expanded, others terminating sooner.

Venezuela and Trinidad.

632

68. Cyrnerma rosEa (pl. cxxxu. f. 108), Broderip and
Sowerby, Zool. Journ. vol. iv. p. 48. C. lepida, Chénu, Conch.
Illustr.

Cyth. testa quam C. Dione magis compressi, purpured, costis
numerosis, rotundis; latere antico laminis prominulis, acutis,
raris ; latere postico ad angulum serie und spinarum incipientium.

Shell much flatter than C. Dione, nearly all rosy-purple, with
numerous rounded concentric ribs ; anteriorly with a few promi-
nent sharp-edged laminz ; posteriorly with a row of rudimentary
spines at the angle.

Panama. Cuming.

69. CyrHerza Luprnartia (pl. exxxu. f. 111), Lesson, Cen-
turie Zoologique, pl. 64. p. 196. C. semilamellosa, Chéxu, Conch.
Illustr. pl. 9. f. 9.

Cyth. C. Dionz simili, sed laminis medio evanidis; latere pos-
tico levigato ; spinis elongatiusculis.

Shell larger than C. Dione, with the ribs flatter, and near the
angle almost vanishing ; posterior side smooth; spines long, with
purple spots at the base.

Real Llejos, Central America. Cuming.

70. CyrHER#A MULTISPINOSA (pl.cxxxil. f.112), Sowerby, jun.

Cyth. testé quam C. Dione magis ventricosi; laminis magis
elevatis, subeequalibus, ad angulum subtruncatis; spinis magis
numerosis.

The laminz are much elevated and nearly equal, terminating
near the spines in an abrupt declivity ; spines more numerous and
sharp than in C. Dione.

Tombez, Peru; in soft mud, at ten fathoms. Cuming.

71. CyrHER#A BREVISPINOSA (pl. cxxxii. f.109), Sowerby, juin.

Cyth. testa alba, C. Dione simili, sed costis rotundatis ; spinis
brevissimis, in serie unicdi depositis; anticé laminis paucis ele-
vatis ; margine dorsali prope umbones subretuso.

Shell white, with the ribs rounded, except at the anterior side,
where a few of them are elevated into broad lamin; one row of
spines very short. We have only the specimen figured from Mr.
Cuming’s collection, from California.

72. CyTHER&A VULNERATA (pl. exxxi. f. 95, 96), Broder,
Pro. Zool. Soc. 1835. p. 46.
“Oyth. testa subglobosa, lineis concentricis creberrimis levibus,

635

albente, fasciis angustis purpureo-sanguincis hine et hine ornata ;
lunulé et arei postici subatropurpureis ; limbo ventrali rubro,
inttts subcrenulato; epidermide subfuscd, ints alba subrosco
suffusi.”

Shell of an oval form, with fine raised concentric lines ; white,
with here and there a concentric narrow line or band of a sangui-
neous tint ; red margin, slightly crenulated within.

Real Llejos, Central America. Cuming.

73. CyrHeR&A ALBINA (pl. cxxxin. f.121), Lamarck, Anim.
s. vert. Cyth. no. 25.

Cyth. testa crassi, rotundato-subtrigona, alba, alt, concentricé
obscure striata; latere antico brevi, recto, declivi; lunulé indis-
tinct.

Shell thick, of a somewhat trigonal form, rather rounded, white,
with obscure concentric ridges; the anterior side very short, and
leaning straight down towards the ventral margin; no distinct
lunule.

74, Cyrueraa triecona (pl. exxxui. f. 120). Artemis tri-
gona, Reeve, Conch. Icon.

Cyth. testa, crassa, alta, ventricosd, subtrigond, concentricé cos-
tellata, albi; latere postico declivi, ad marginem ventralem sub-
lobato ; latere antico brevi, declivi; lunulé magna, ovali, distincta.

Shell more trigonal than C. adbina, and more distinctly ribbed ;
the ventral margin almost emarginated; the anterior side very
short, with a large oval lunule defined by an impressed line.

75. CyrHEra@a rostrata (pl. cxxxii. f. 122), Koch, Phil.
Abb. Cyth. t.1. f. 3.

Cyth. test’ obliqué ovali, pallidissimé fulva, concentricé sub-
striata; latere postico elongato, ad terminum subquadrato, ob-
scuré radiatim unisulcato; latere antico brevissimo, declivi, sub-
angulato ; lunula distincta.

Shell obliquely oval, almost white, irregularly and finely striated ;
the hinder side elongated, square at the end, with an obscure ra-
diating groove; umbones elevated; anterior side very short,
leaning straight down to the ventral margin, and rather angu-
lated ; lunule large, distinct.

Brazil.
75*, CYTHERHA ACUMINATA (pl. cxxxvi. f. 178), Sowerby, jun.

Cyth. testi parva, alba, subtrigond, compressa, clevata, concen
4 N

634

iricé striata; latere postico acuminato, subangulato; latere an-
tico breviusculo, subinflato ; lunula magna, distincta.

Like a miniature of C. trigona, but flatter, more acuminated
behind, and more finely striated.

Locality unknown. Mus. Sowerby.

76. CyrHeraa TeLiinorpea (pl.cxxxvi. f.191), Sowerby, jun.

Cyth. testi ovali, compressd, levi, subalbidi; latere postico
subelongato, acuminato, margine dorsali declivi, subangulato,
margine ventrali posticé subemarginato ; latere antico brevi, rotun-
dato, lunuld angustaté, distincté, complanata.

Shell oval, flat, smooth, nearly white; posterior side long, acu-
minated, lobed, with the dorsal margin sloping; anterior side
short, rounded, with the lunule narrow, flat, and distinct. One
specimen of this shell, which has the appearance of a Zeddina, 1s

in the collection of Mr. Hanley.

77. Cyrnerza Manttxe (pl. exxxvi. f. 180, 181), Sowerby,
Ju.

Cyth. testé ovali-subtrigona, ventricosd, alba, concentricé striata,
posticé acuminati, sublobati, anticé breviusculé; lunuld até,
subcomplanata, distincta.

Shell of an oval or subtrigonal form, ventricose, white, con-
centrically striated; the hinder side lobed and acuminated, the
anterior side shorter ; the lunule broad, flattish, distinct.

Mr. Cuming’s specimens are from Manilla.

78. CyrHeraa INDECORA (pl. exxxvi. f.179), Philippi, Ab-
bild. Cyth. t.9. £. 7.

“ Cyth. testa cordato-trigond, satis tumida, utrinque subangulata,
exquisite transversim sulcato-strigata, alba, epidermide lutescente
obducté; lunulé magna, cordatéi, line& impressi circumscripta,
ceterum haud distincté; aredi nulli; lgamento subocculto.”
“ Patria, Mergui ; legit Th. Philippi.”

The shell which we have figured is in the collection of Mr.
Sowerby, sen. Although scarcely trigonal enough, it agrees on
the whole with the above description.

79. CyrHerma FLuctuata (pl. exxxvi. f. 185, 186), Sowerby,

Jun.
Cyth. test’ ovali, subventricosi, alba, epidermide subvinidi in-
duta, lineis rubescentibus angulatim fluctuataé, concentrice striata ;

635

latere antico brevi, subacuminato, lunulé distincta ; latere postico
subquadrato, margine dorsali elevato ; Ligamento retuso.

Shell of a somewhat rounded oval form, white, with angular
markings, and a light greenish epidermis, concentrically striated ;
anterior side short, with a distinct lunule ; posterior side rather
squared, with the dorsal margin elevated, and the ligament nearly
hidden.

The larger specimen figured is in Mr. Cuming’s collection, from
St. Elena; the smaller, which, although less ventricose and more
oval, resembles the younger portion of the other, is Mr. Hanley’s.

80. Cyrueraa Betcuert (pl. exxxvi. f. 188), Sowerby, jun.

Cyth. testé subovali, fulvi, concentricé sulcis subundulatis ru-
gaté; umbonibus elevatis, acuminatis ; latere postico subacumi-
nato, margine dorsali declivi; latere antico breviusculo, declivi,
lunula vix distincta.

The surface of this little brownish shell is roughened by a kind
of concentric ripple-mark; the elevated umbones and sloping
sides give a somewhat triangular appearance to an otherwise
oval form.

The only specimen we have seen was brought by Capt. Belcher,
and is in Mr. Hanley’s possession.

81. CyTHERAA ANGULIFERA (pl. exxxvi. f. 189), Sowerby, jun.

Cyth. testa oblongo-subovali, alb’, maculis angulatis sparsim
subradiatim picti, concentricé striata; latere postico elongato,
subacuminato ; latere antico brevi, lunula parva, distincta.

Shell rather elongated, oval, whitish, with angular dark red-
dish-brown markings, ctmeted concentrically tht: side rather
lengthened, acuminated, with the dorsal edge sloping ; front side
short, sloped, with small, distinct lunule.

2. CytHERaA PANNOSA (pl. cxxxi. f. 140, 141, 142),
Sowerby, sen., Pro. Zool. Soc. 1835. p.47. C. lutea, Koch, Phil.
Abbild. t. ui. f. 5.

Cyth. test& subovata, crassiusculd, levi, albicante, maculis
strigis lineisve angulatis ‘luridis obscurd picta; apicibus subpro-
minentibus.”

Shell rather oval, with straight falling sides, smooth, rather
thick, whitish, variously ornamented with brown rays and_ lines
and angular markings; lunule small and distinct.

Coquimbo ; in sandy mud at low water. Cuming.

636

83. CyrnERaA ALBO-crncTa (pl. exxxvi. f.187), Sowerby, jun.

Cyth. testa ovali, subtrigond, parva, solida, fulvi, albo-fasciata,
minutissimé striatéi; latere postico declivi, acuminato ; latere
antico declivi, breviusculo, lunulé subdistincta.

Shell small, solid, sub-ovate, with sloping sides, dull pale
brown, with white bands, very finely striated; lunule not very
distinct.

Brought by Captain Belcher ; specimens in Mr. Hanley’s and
Mr. Sowerby’s collections.

84. CyrHeraa Lava (pl. exxxi. f. 123, 124), Linn. Syst.
Nat. 1182. CC. prora, Conrad, A. N. 8. Phil. vol. vii. p. 253.
t. 19. f.18. V, affinis, Gmel. ?

Cyth. test’ inflaté, subrotundata, levi, albidd, fasciis fulvis
interruptim radiata, intus rose’; latere postico rotundatim sub-
quadrato, margine dorsali inflato, margine ventrali anticé elevato ;
latere antico brevissimo, carind und angulato ; lunulé distincta,
subexcavata.

Shell very inflated, rounded, smooth, pinkish-white, with
generally interrupted reddish-brown unequal rays; hinder side
slightly quadrate, with elevated and inflated dorsal margin ; front
side short, with the ventral margin raised upwards, meeting at an
angle a sort of blunt keel surrounding the lunule, which is dis-
tinct and rather hollow. ‘There is a tinge of pink inside under
the umbones.

Mr. Cuming’s specimens are from Albay, Island of Luzon,
Philippines.

85. CyrHEr@a OBLIQUATA (pl. cxxxil. f. 125, 126), Hanley,
Sp. of Shells, Appendix ; Wood, Suppl. pl. 15. f. 24.

Cyth. test C. dete simili, sed magis obliquati, magis depressi ;
alba, prope umbones fusco punctata.

Shell like C. Zeta, but. more oblique, more depressed ; white,
with small spots of brown near the umbones.

Philippines. Cuming.

86. Cyrupraza crrrina (pl. cxxxu. f. 117, 118), Lamarck,
Anim. s. vert. Cyth. no. 24.

Cyth. testa ovali, ventricosi, citrind vel pallidé luted, postice
laté purpurco unifasciaté, irregulariter concentricé striata ; latere
postico subdeclivi; latere antico brevi ; lunula lata, distancta.

637

Shell oval, irregularly striated, very ventricose, of an orange
or pale yellow tint, with a broad purple band at the posterior
side, which is rather sloped and slightly squared; anterior side
short, rounded, and with a very broad lunule, defined.

The orange-coloured specimen is Mr. Sowerby’s; the other
was collected by Mr. Cuming at Albay, Island of Luzon,
Philippines.

87. CyrHeraa striata (pl. exxxi. f. 113, 114,115), Gray?
in Analyst, 1838. C. citrina, Lam., Chénu, Conch. Ul. ; Wood, &c.

Cyth. testa C. citrine simili, sed magis compressa, posticé prope
margiuvem dorsalem subangulatéi; margine dorsali declivi, sub-
complanato. Nonnunquam occurrit alba.

Figured in the ‘Illustrations Conchyliologiques’ as C. citrina
of Lamarck, but not agreeing so well with the description as the
one given above. ‘This shell is more compressed than C. citrina,
with a sloping and somewhat angulated posterior dorsal edge.

River Gambia. Mus. Cuming.

88. CyTHEREA SUBINFLATA (pl. cxxxi. f. 116), Sowerby, jun.

Cyth. testé ventricosi, subrotundata, levi, fulva, prope um-
bones angulatim maculata, ttm albo radiata; umbonibus elevatis,
inflatis ; latere postico rotundatim subquadrato; latere antico
brevi, lunula distincta.

Shell ventricose, rather rounded, smooth, fawn-coloured, the
umbones elevated, inflated, and marked with undulating lines;
hinder side slightly squared; front side rounded, short, with
defined lunule.

Locality unknown. Jus. Sowerby.

89, CyrHERaA INFLATA (pl. cxxxiil. f. 127,128), Sowerby, jun.

Cyth. testa inflata, subovali, levi, alba, fusco radiatim variegata ;
latere postico subquadrato; latere antico rotundato, breviusculo,
margine ventrali elevato; lunulé indistincta, subexcavata ; um-
bonibus subretrorsis.

Shell ventricose, oval, smooth, white, with brown variegated
rays on the upper part. The umbones, which are inflated, have
a tendency to lean backwards; the ventral margin is raised in
front to meet the rather hollow surface, which contains a broad
but rather indistinct lunule.

Moluccas; also St. Nicholas, Island of Zebu, Philippines.

Cuming.

638

90. Cyrmer@a CONVEXA (pl. exxxu. f.119), Say. C. Sayana,
Conrad, Silliman’s Journal, vol. xxii. p. 345.

Cyth. test& ovali, ventricosi, fulva, subrugosi; latere antico
brevi ; lunula vix distincta.

Shell oval, brownish, ventricose, roughened by concentric
irregular and rather coarse striz.

Rhode Island; New Jersey. Specimens, Mr. Cuming’s and
Mr. Hanley’s.

91. OyTHER#A PALLESCENS (pl. exxxil. f. 1385), Sowerby, sen.,
Pro. Zool. Soc. 1835. p. 47.

“Cyth. testa obovati, tenui, pallidé lutescente, levi, concen-
tricé striatd ; latere antico breviore, apicibus subprominulis ; im-
pressione cordiformi, anticé elongata, distincti.”

Shell of an oval flattish form, rather light, pale yellowish, or
with a purplish tinge near the umbones; concentric stric so fine
as to give asilky appearance to the surface.

Island of Annaa, Pomoutian Group; in coral sand. Cuming.

92. CyrHer@a INconsPIcuA (pl. exxxu. f. 133, 134), Sower-
by, sen., Pro. Zool. Soc. 1835. p. 47.

“Cyth. testi obovata, crassiuscula, levi, albida, concentricé
Rr. Sarge na asta ‘ : seca ZEe Me
striata, striis exilissimis ; epidermide tenuissima, pallidé subfusca ;
apicibus subprominulis; impressione cordiformi, antici ovata,

inconspicua.”

Shell more thick, and with the striae more distinct than the
preceding.

Payta, Peru. Cuming.

92%, Cyrueraa Kinet (pl. exxxii. f. 129, 130, 131, 132),
Gray, Wood’s Suppl. Venus, f.9. C. modesta, kdzlippi, Abbild.
t.i. f.3. Var. C. Lamarck, Gray, Analyst, 1838; Hanley,
Recent Shells, p. 103. Var. C. albida, Gray? Var. C. bilunu-
lata, Brit. Mus.

Cyth. test’ ovali-oblonga’, subcompressi, medio laevigata, ad
latera substriata, albidé, castaneo fasciatim varie radiata; latere
antico brevi, declivi, lunulé elongata, subcomplanata, distincta ;
latere postico elongato, subquadrato, margine dorsali subelevato.

Shell oval, oblong, not very ventricose, smooth in the middle,
slightly striated at the sides; whitish, generally with chestnut
rays cither linear or broad; anterior side short, sloped, with
the lunule long and defined ; hinder side elongated, rather square,

639

with the dorsal edge rather elevated. This description will in-
clude the several varieties, which have been differently named:
Fig. 132, C. ditunulata, Brit. Mus. ; fig. 129, C. Lamarchi, Gray,
the chestnut rays nearly covering the shell, and only leaving white
rays; fig. 130, C. Kingii, Gray (C. modesta, Philippi), with narrow
interrupted rays, in Mr. Hanley’s cabinet, and also that of Mr.
Cuming (brought by Dr. Hornbeck from the island of St.
Thomas, West Indies); and fig. 151, rather longer than the
others and white, from Nicobar (Cuming).

93. CyrHER#A PELLUCIDA (pl. exxxvi. f. 190), Lamarck,
Anim. s. vert. Cyth. no. 43.

Cyth. test’ rotundati, ventricosi, tenm, levi, albidi, maculis
fuscis angulatis seriatim radiati ; latere antico brevi, lunulad parva,
indistincta, purpurea; latere postico subquadrato, margine dorsali
elevato.

Shell rounded, rather ventricose, very thin, smooth, whitish,
with interrupted light-brown rays, and a little purple spot on the
lunule close to the umbones; anterior side short, sloping; pos-
terior side rather syuarish, with the dorsal margin elevated.

New Holland. Mus. Hanley.

94, CyTHERHA SUBPELLUCIDA (pl. exxxii. f. 136), Sowerdy,
jumor.

Cyth. test& subovali, ventricosi, tenu, levi, purpurascente-
grisei, maculis fuscis seriatim radiata; latere antico brevi, lunulé
indistincta ; latere postico subelongato, subquadrato, margine
dorsali declivi ; umbonibus prominulis.

Shell resembling C. pellucida, but of a darker colour, more elon-
gated posteriorly and having the dorsal edge more sloping ; it has
not the purple spot on the lunule.

Albay, Island of Luzon, Philippines. Cuming.

95. CyrHER#A VARIANS (pl. cxxxui. f. 138, 139), Hanley,
Sp. of Shells, Wood’s Suppl. pl. 15. f.33. C. rubiginosa, Piz-
lippi, Abbild. pl. in. f. 2.

Cyth. testi subovali, ventricos’, concentricé striata, albida,
pallidé fulvo vel interruptim fusco radiata; latere antico brevi,
subacuminato, lunulé magni, subcomplanata, distincté, ad um-
bones purpureo unipunctat’; latere postico vix quadrato; aref
dorsali maculata, subcarinaté ; margine ventrali rotundato.

Shell oval, ventricose, concentrically striated, whitish, with
either pale-brownish rays or else sharp angular bright-reddish

640

spots in rays; anterior side rather acuminated, with the lunule

distinct, rather flat, and having a bright-purple spot close to the

umbones; posterior side with the dorsal margin sloped, and

presenting a variegated area enclosed by a scarcely elevated keel.
Locality unknown. Mus. Hanley.

96. CyrHerma BULLATA (pl. exxxvi. f. 192), Sowerby, jun.

Cyth. testa oblongo-subquadrata, alba, tenui, concentricé sub-
striata, ventricos’; umbonibus inflatis ; latere antico brevé sub-
acuminato, superné subexcavato, lunulad distinct’; latere postico
quadrato, subangulato, margine dorsali declivi, margine ventrali
rectiusculo.

Shell white, oblong, ventricose, thin, smooth, with the um-
bones large and inflated; the front side small and almost acumi-
nated ; the hinder side somewhat quadrate and angular; the
ventral edge rather straight, and the dorsal edge sloped.

Locality unknown. Mus. Sowerby.

97. CytHerma Vennriana (pl.cxxxvi. f. 197,198, 199), La-
marck, Anim. s. vert. Cyth. no. 35.

Cyth. testa subovali, ventricosa, levi, albidd, fusco varié picta;
lunulé et ared dorsali rubro maculatis ; latere antico brevi, lunula
distinctaé ; latere postico subdeclivi, subrotundato.

Shell of a rather short oval form, very ventricose, smooth,
whitish, variously marked with brown; the anterior side short,
with the lunule defined, reddish, and covered with reddish-
brown markings; dorsal margin sloped, with a reddish area
marked with reddish-brown.

Mediterranean.

98. CyrHEr#a LimaTuLa (pl. exxxvi. f. 200, 201), Sowerby,
junior.

Cyth. test& oblong’, subventricosi, politi, pallidé lute’, maculis
fuscis angulatis seriatim positis hine et hine radiata; latere antico
brevi, lunuld distincté, partim fusco pict; latere postico sub-
quadrato; area dorsali fusco pict’; margine ventrali rectiusculo.

Shell more quadrate than C. Venetiana, with the ventral margin
nearly straight, a peculiar smoothness of surface, with very dark
chestnut-brown on the dorsal area and also covering part of the
lunule with a ragged edge.

Locality unknown. Mus. Hanley.

641.

99. CyrHeraa FULMINATA (pl. exxxin. f. 137), Valenciennes,
Enc. Méth. t. 268. f.2; Phedippr, Abbild. t. 111. f. 4.

Cyth. “test& subrhombed, eequilater’, alba, radiis fasciisque
ziczacformibus interruptis rufis picti; area nulli; lunuld foveolé
cincté; dente cardinali postico striato.”

From the figure, and the worn specimen in the British Museum,
it appears to be rather trigonal and equilateral, but with the
ventral margin much rounded and bulging. The rays are in-
terrupted and of a reddish-brown colour.

Locality not known.

100. Cyruzrza Hesraa (pl. exxxiv. f. 143, 144, 148),
Lamarck, Anim. s. vert. Cyth. no. 80. Delessert, Recueil, t. 8. f. 3.

Cyth. testa crassi, subovali, ventricosi, omnino subundulatim
concentricé sulcata, albé, lineis angulatis et undulatis fasciatim
radiata, intis laté fusco-nigrescente pict’; umbonibus prominulis ;
latere postico declivi, subacuminato, margine dorsali subtumido ;
latere antico breviusculo, rotundato, margine ventrali rotundato.

Shell rather thick, oval, ventricose, with the posterior side
acuminated and the umbones elevated, sulcated, white, radiated
with angular and undulated brown lines, m some instances
clustered in bands; ventral edge rounded. A broad band of dark
blackish or purplish brown occupies the centre of the interior.

Ticao, Philippines; Cuming. The large specimen figured is
in the collection of Mr. Gubba.

101. Cyruzr#a sutcatina (pl. exxxiv. f. 145, 146), La-
marck, Anim. s. vert. Cyth. no. 29.

Cyth. testi C. Hebrae simili, sed medio levigata, intis alba,
extiis radiatim et concentricé fasciati, vel omnino nigrescente-
castanea, anticé albo radiata.

This shell is smooth excepting at the sides, whereas C. Hebraa
is grooved all over; it is white or gently tinged with yellow
inside. One variety is rayed with brown bands connected by
undulating lines and bands in the opposite direction ; the other
is of a deep chestnut-brown all over, excepting at the anterior
side, where it has several whitish rays.

Philippines. Cuming.
102. Cyrumra#a trimacutata (pl. exxxiv. f. 147), Lamarck,
Anim, s. vert. Cyth. no. 41.

Cyth. testa omnino sulcaté ut in C. Hebred, postics magis
4 0

642

rotundatad, albidd, castaneo radiati; lunul& et ared dorsali pur-
pureis ; inttis sub umbones et ad impressiones laterales purpureo
trimaculata.

The hinder side is not quite so acuminated as in C. Hebrea,
and inside there are three broad purplish spots in each valve, one
under the umbones, and one covering each lateral muscular im-
pression. The dorsal area and lunule are both tinged with
purplish-brown.

Pasacao and Catbalonga, Island of Samar, Philippines. Cuming.

103. CyrHEerma castrensis (pl. exxxiv. f. 151, 152, 153,
154), Linneus (Venus castrensis). Var. Venus australis et
Venus Lorenziana, Chemun.

Cyth. testé crassi, rotundati, subdepressi, levi, ad latera
concentricé subsulcati; albidd, lineis vel maculis angulatis plus
minus suffusis picté, nonnunquam griseo nebulata; latere antico
breviusculo, rotundato, lunulé distincta, subtumida; latere postico
subquadrato; umbonibus et margine dorsali elevatis ; intus palli
impressione integra.

Shell thick, flattish, rounded, smooth, shghtly grooved at the
sides, particularly the anterior; whitish, with angular lines or
spots more or less spread, and sometimes with greyish cloudy
colouring ; anterior side rather the shorter ; the upper part rather
excavated, and the lunule tumid; posterior side rather squared,
with the umbones and dorsal margin rather raised ; no sinus in
the pallial impression.

“ Indian Ocean,” Lamarck. Vig. 158, 154 are from specimens
brought by Mr. Cuming from the Philippine Islands; fig. 153,
from Mr. Gubba’s collection, may be taken to represent the
Australian variety.

104. CyrHerma ornata (pl. cxxxiv. f. 149), Lamarck,
Anim. s. vert. Cyth. no. 82. Var. C. picta, Lamarck, no. 33.
V. castrensis, var., nonnul.

Cyth. testa C. castrensi simili, sed magis obliqua, posticé sub-
acuminata ; lineis elongatis, suffusis, et obliquis; sulcis nullis.

Shell more oblique than C. castrensis, quite smooth, the hinder
part more sloping and acuminated, the colouring in lines spread
at one side and very obliquely angulated.

Philippines. Cuming.

105. CyrHeR#A HIEROGLYPHICA (pl. exxxiv. f. 150), Conrad,

643

Journ. A. N.S. Phil. vol. vii. p. 253. t. 19. f. 22. Phelipm, Abbild.
Cyth. t. 3. £. 4. Hanley, Sp. of Shells, p. 104.

Cyth. test C. castrensi simili, sed magis ovali; latere postico
magis elongato, subquadrato, margine ventrali magis rotundato ;
maculis parvis, angulatim dispositis.

Shell much more oval than C. castrensis, with the hinder side
longer and the ventral margin more bulging. ‘The spots are
small, arranged so as to form angular lines.

Sandwich Islands.

106. Cyrnerma rasticiata (pl. cxxxv. f. 158, 159),
Sowerby, jun.

Cyth. test C. castrensi simili, sed ovali, posticé attenuata,
subacuminataé ; umbonibus parvulis; lunuld subcomplanata, griseo
angulatim variegata.

Shell more oval than C. castrensis, and with the dorsal margin
much less sloped than C. ¢igrina ; the umbones are much smaller
than in the former, with the lunule rather flatter; the colouring
is arranged in large angles, either linear or broad, greyish-brown.

Sydney ; Jukes. Cabinets of Cuming and Sowerby.

107. CyTHEerma TIGRINA (pl. exxxv. f. 155, 156, 157), La-
marck, Anim. s. vert. Cyth. no. 34. -V. castrensis, V. picta, et
V. ornata, var., nonnwd.

Cyth. testa crassi, subovali, ventricosi, medio levi, ad latera et
marginem ventralem undulatim sulcaté ; umbonibus prominulis ;
lunulaé subcomplanataé; margine dorsali declivi; latere antico
brevi, rotundato; latere antico subattenuato, ad terminum sub-
quadrato ; colore intis croceo, extus albido, fusco-rubescente an-
gulatim varié disposito.

Shell thick, rather oval, ventricose, smooth in the middle, but
grooved at the sides and towards the ventral margin; whitish,
with various markings of dark reddish-brown placed angularly ;
dorsal margins much sloped ; posterior side rather attenuated and
squarish at the end. All the specimens have a tinge of yellow
inside, and var. fig. 155 has also a good deal of purplish-black near
the edge.

Catbalonga, Island of Samar, Philippines. Cuming.

108. Cyruer#a Arasica (pl. cxxxv. f. 165, 166, 168),
Chemn. Conch. f. 1968-70.

Cyth. testa ovali, subquadrata, subdepressd, obtusé subundulatim

644.

sulcata, albida, fasciis stramineis et punctis rubris, vel grisea, ma-
culis rubescentibus seriatim dispositis biradiata, vel aurantiaca,
fulvo radiata ; inttis purpureo et aurantio varie pict’; latere an-
tico brevi, declivi, lunuli subdistincté ; latere postico oblongo,
quadrato, margine dorsali paululum declivi, ad ligamentum vix
recedente.

Shell oblong-oval, rather squared posteriorly, with fine, blunt,
not quite continuous sulci, various in colouring, generally speckled
and radiated, and painted within with orange and purple; anterior
side very short and sloping, with the lunule not very distinct ;
posterior dorsal margin full up to the ligament.

Red Sea. Varieties, fig. 165, Mr. Cuming’s collection, fig. 166
and 168, Mr. Gubba’s.

109. Cyrumraa Lenticrnosa (pl. cxxxv. f. 160, 161, 162),
Chemnitz, Conch. f. 1963, 1964. C. Pfeitferi, Philippi, Abbild.
te Patol.

Cyth. testé ovali, subventricosi, cbtusissimé concentricé sul-
cata, sulcis subundulatis, fuscd, vel pallidé fulva, grisescente, ma-
culis et lineis nigrescentibus praecipué ad margines picté, ad um-
bones purpurascente, intus griseo nebulaté ; umbonibus obtusis ;
lunulé subcomplanata ; area dorsali excavata.

The grooves are more obtuse and less numerous than in C. Ara-
bica; the shell is more oval, the umbones not quite so prominent,
and the dorsal area is holiow. The colour is brown or yellowish,
tinted with purplish-grey, particularly inside and at the umbones ;
at the edges all round there are diverging lines composed of
blackish spots.

Red Sea.

110. Cyrnpraa ABBREVIATA (pl. exxxv.f.170,171), Lamarck,
Anim. s. vert. Cyth. no. 62; Delessert, Recueil Choisi, t. 9. f. 1.

Cyth. testa C. Arabica simili, sed breviore, anticé quadrata ;
sulcis acutiusculis, magis distantibus, integris, continuis.

In the two rather different-looking shells which we figure under
this name, the back part is much shorter and more square than in
C. Arabica: this might be accidental, but the grooves are also
more distant and sharp, and all continuous.

Indian Ocean, Lamarck. Var. fig. 170, Mr. Sowerby’s speci-
men ; fig. 171, Mr. Gubba’s.

111. Cyruera@a suBeniirtica (pl. cxxxv. f. 169), Sowerby,

Jun
Cyth. testa ovali-rotundata, ventricosa, distanter concentrice sul-

645

cata, alb’'; maculis angulatis magnis sparsis fasciatim dispositis ;
latere antico breviusculo, lunuld vix distinctai; latere postico ob-
tusissimé subangulato; margine dorsali subdeclivi.

Shell of a rounded-oval form, ventricose, white, with broad an-
gulated large spots disposed in two or three bands; concentri-
cally ribbed, the ribs distant and rather sharp.

Locality unknown. Jus. Cuming.

112. Cyrner#a catyriea (pl. exxxv. f. 164), Born (Venus),
Mus. Cas. t. 5. f. 1.

Cyth. testi ovali-suboblonga, compressa, concentricé planulatim
sulcata, alba, fusco angulatim pictai; latere antico brevi, lunuld
distincté, angustata ; latere postico subelongato, margine dorsali
subdeclivi.

The identification of this shell is conjectural; but it closely
resembles the figure quoted. It is of a rather lengthened ellip-
tical form, flat, with flattish concentric ridges, which are less dis-
tinct in the centre; white, with broad angular markings of red-
dish-brown defined by strong lines.

Locality unknown. Mus. Cuming.

118. Cyrnera@a ELEGANS (pl. exxxv. f. 163), Koch, Phi-
lippi, Abbild. t. 1. f. 4.

Cyth. testa ovali, levigata, partim concentricé sulcata, albido-
grisescente, fusco-rufescente, maculis magnis, binis, suffusis, ra-
diatim picta, ints purpureo ad margines pictd; latere postico
subacuminato, margine dorsali subrotundato.

Shell oval, smooth in the centre, but with slight ridges at the
sides and near the ventral margin; of a mottled greyish colour,
with two large, broad, radiating patches of rich reddish-brown ; in-
side greyish-white, with touches of purplish-brown at the margins.

Swan River. Jus. Cuming.

114, CyrHErma ELLIPTICcA (pl. cxxxv. f. 173, 174), Sowerby,
jun. C.calypiga? Philippi, Abbild. t.9. f.1; non Born, t. 5. £1.

Cyth. testa ovali, depressi, levigata, partim griseo-fulva, prope
umbones purpurascente, ad marginem fulva, fusco angulatim
pictaé; inttis albido-subcerulescente, ad margines fusci, in medio
maculata ; latere antico concentricé sulcato ; latere postico longi-
usculo, striato; margine dorsali subplanulato, nigro-punctato ;
lunuld elongataé, parva, distincta.

Shell oval, flattish, smooth in the centre, anteriorly grooved,

646

posteriorly substriated, curiously coloured near the umbones and
inside with mottled grey and purple; in the centre of the outer
surface of a dull bay; at the margin yellow, with brown angular
markings.

Locality unknown. Specimen in Mr. Cuming’s collection.

115. CyrHERma SPLENDENS (pl. cxxxv. f. 167), Sowerby, jun.

Cyth. testa C. dentiginose simili, sed magis rotundaté ; margine
dorsali vix excavato, margine ventrali subinflato; colore pallidé
fulvo, griseo nebulato, maculis obliquis castancis suffusis utrinque
variegato.

The difference between this species and C. dentiginosa is more
easily seen than described. This is rather more rounded, and
fuller at the dorsal margin ; the colouring is a bright tortoise-shell,
arranged in angular patches on each side, which join each other
at intervals.

The specimens, which are very beautiful, are in the collections

of Mr. Gubba and Mr. Sowerby. °

LIST OF FIGURES IN PLATES CXXVII. TO CXXXVI.

(The Figure after each name ts the number of the Species.)

Puate CXXVII.

Fig. Fig.

1-38. C. Crassatelloides, 1. 17. C. incerta, 18.
4, — dubia, 2. 18-22. — tripla, 6.
5. — virginea, 3. 23, 24. — Hanleyana, 16.
6. — ventricosa, 5. 25. — nitidula, 14,

7-9. — Damaoides, 4. 26. — iineata, 15.
10, 11. — bicolor, 19. a Hindsii, 8.
12. — undulata, 21. 28-31. — radiata, 9.

13. — planulata, 20. 32, — gracilior, 10.
14, — polita, 22. 33, 34. — compressa, 13.

lie Dolabella, 23. 35. — intermedia, 12.
36. — Mactroides, 11.
Prate CXXVIII. 37-39. — corbicula, 7.

16. — trigonella, 17. 40-42. — lusoria, 26.

647

Prats CXXIX. Piate CXXXII.
Fig. Fig.

43, 44, 46. C. casta, 31. 97 dis. C. aurantia, 58.
45. C. ovum, 32. 98. — Chione, 59.
47. — formosa, 28. 99, 100. — concinna, 64.

48-50. — meretrix, 24. 101. — affinis, 62.

51, 52. — petechialis, 25. 102, 103. — tortuosa, 63.

53, 54. — zonaria, 29. 104-106. — circinata, 65.

55-58. — impudica, 30. 107. — cygnus, 66.

59-60. — morphina, 27. 108. — rosea, 68.

61. — lyrata, 33. 109. — brevispina, 71.
62. — argentina, 34. 110. — Dione, 67.
_ 111. — lupinaria, 69.
Puate CXXX. 112. — multispinosa, 70.

113-115. — striata, 87.
116. — subinflata, 88.

117, 118. — citrina, 86.
119. — conyexa, 90.

63-66. — umbonella, 37.
67. — purpurata, 36.
68. — nobilis, 35.
69. — erycina, 38.

70, 71. — costata, 40.

12. — festiva, 47. Prats CXXXIII.

73. — pulchra, 43. 120. — trigona, 74.
74. — lilacina, 49. 121. — albina, 73.
75. — pectoralis, 48. 122. — rostrata, 75.
76. — multiradiata, 39. 123, 124. — leta, 84.
125, 126. — obliquata, 85.
Prats CXXXI. 127, 128. — inflata, 89.

129-182. — Kingii, 92*.
133, 134. — inconspicua, 92.
135. — pallescens, 91.
136. — subpellucida, 94.
137. — fulminata, 99.
138, 139. — varians, 95.
140-142. — pannosa, 82.

77. — impar, 46.
78, 79. — spathulata, 45.
80, 81. — Sinensis, 44.

82. — semisulcata, 42.
83, 84. — obesa, 50.

85. — erycinella, 41.

86. — gigantea, 57.
87-89. — squalida, 61*.
90, 91. — unicolor, 61.
93, 94. — maculata, 60. 143, 144. — Hebrea, 100.
95, 96. — vulnerata, 72. 145, 146. — sulcatina, 101.

97. — maculata, 60. | 147. — trimaculata, 102.

Puate CXXXIV.

648

Fig. Piate CXXXVI.
148. C. Hebraea, 100. Fig.
149. — ornata, 104. 175. C. piperita, 51.
150. — hieroglyphica, 105. 176. — Philppinarum, 52.
151-154. — castrensis, 103. 177. — multistriata, 56.
178. — acuminata, 75*.

179. — indecora, 78.

Prats CXXXY. 180, 18]. — Manille, 77.
155-157. — tigrina, 107. 182, 183. — simplex, 54.
158, 159. — fastigiata, 106. 184. — modesta, 55.
160-162. — lentiginosa, 109. 185, 186. — fluctuata, 79.

163. — elegans, 113. 187. —- albocincta, 83.
164. — calypiga, 112. 188. — Belcheri, 80.
165, 166. — Arabica, 108. 189. — angulifera, 81.
167. — splendens, 115. 190. — pellucida, 93.
168, — Arabica, var., 108. 191. — Tellinoides, 76.
169. — subelliptica, 111. 192. — bullata, 96.
170, 171. — abbreviata, 110. 193-196. — florida, 53.
173, 174. — elliptica, 114. 197-199. —- Venetiana, 97.

200, 201. — limatula, 98.

MONOGRAPH OF THE GENUS

CIRCE.

Fam. Veneride.

Char. Gen. Testa sequivalva, ineequilatera; umbonibus compla-
natis, striis vel costellis divaricatim rugatis; lunula cordiformi,
impressi, distincti ; ligamento in aream foveolatam sub marginem
dorsalem instructo; cardine lato, dentibus cardinalibus divergen-
tibus, quorum mediano striato, et dente laterali uno antico in
utraque valvi posito; impressionibus muscularibus duabus, late-
ralibus ; impressione pallu integra.

649

The dentition and general characters of this genus are the same
as those of Cytherea; but the peculiar flatness of the umbones,
the total want of sinus in the pallial impression, and the diverg-
ing tendency in the radiating striz or ribs, together, seem to
separate this group from the rest of the Veneride. It must be
observed, however, that these distinctions are not absolute. The
flatness of the umbones is not apparent in a// the specimens of a//
the species; the diverging striz or ribs are not visible in the little
shell (which, nevertheless, we can find no place for anywhere else)
named C. minima; and, with regard to the want of sinus in the
pallial impression, universal in this genus, the same character is
observed in numerous species of Cytherea and Venus; and not
only so, but the passage from species with a distinct sinus to
those without any is so gradual, that it would be impossible to
rest a generic division upon that ground alone. The characters
must be taken, with all their exceptions, in combination, and
these shells, placed apart from the Cytherea, in the same case,
appeal to the eye as presenting a very distinguishable group.

Secr. I. Zesta ovalis, radiatum costata, varie fusco-rubescente
angulatim picta.

1. Circe protinata (pl. cxxxvi. f. 1, 2,3). Venus pecti-
nata, Linn. Syst. Nat. p. 1135.

Cir. testi oblonga, plerumque subcompressi, postice sub-
quadraté; costis nodulosis numerosis, posticé divaricatis, tum
gradatim radiantibus, antice divaricatis ; margine dorsali exca-
vato; variat costis magnis.

The ribs are numerous at the back, very diverging and bifur-
cated, then at the angle gradually becoming more entire and
radiating, and at the front side very diverging again; the dorsal
margin is decidedly excavated. Var. fig. 3 has the ribs as coarse
as in the next species, but the long ones near the posterior
angle do not quite reach the apex.

Indian Ocean ; Lamarck. Philippines ; Cuming. Also, Red Sea.

2. Crrce erpsia (pl. cxxxvii. f. 4, 5, 6,7). Cytherzea gibba,
Lamarck, no. 64. C.ranella, Lamarck, no. 65, inclusa.

Cir. testé subovali, altiore, atate ventricosi, posticé oblique
quadraté; ared distinctd, subtrigond, divaricatim costatd, tum
costis noduliferis duabus aut tribus magnis radiantibus, ad umbones
extensis ; medio et anticé costis noduliferis, magnis, bifurcatis.

4p?

650

Shell always deeper from apex to ventral margin than the last
species ; a distinct posterior area, with beaded ribs very diverging,
then two or three broad beaded ribs, with distinct intervals reach-
ing from top to bottom; the rest of the ribs rather smaller, bi-
furcated, and at the anterior side very diverging.

Philippine Islands ; Cuming. Also Red Sea.

3. Circe prvaricata (pl. exxxvii. f. 8, 9), Gmelin.

Cir. test’ subelongata, depressi, posticé subacuminati ; costis
vix noduliferis, numerosis, posticé obliquis, medio radiatis, prope
angulum posticum acutangulatim confluentibus.

Shell like C. pectinata, but more oblique and acuminated pos-
teriorly, and the ribs, which are small and comparatively smooth,
unite more gradually and obliquely near the posterior angle.
The colouring is arranged in broad angular patches rising over
each other, and forming grotesque figures. Fig. 9 a, the ribs
form a series of acute angles at their posterior confluence; Mr.
Sowerby’s specimen.

Red Sea. Mozambique; Hanley. Philippines; Cuming.

4. Circe mquivoca (pl. cxxxvu. f. 12, 13, 14, 15), Chem-
nite (Venus), f.1980. Cytherea testudinalis, Lamarck, no. 67.
Var. C. placunanella, Lamarck, no. 69. C. cuneata, C. mixta,
Lamarck?

Cir. test plerumque altd, posticé subobliqua, anticé concen-
tricé subsulcaté; costis parvulis, numerosis, in medio acutangu-
latim divaricatis ; colore nonnunquam ad margines lineari.

The ribs are generally finer than in the other species, the
posterior and anterior ones meeting in very acute angles near the
middle of the shell.

Red Sea.

5. Crrce pispar (pl. cxxxvu. f. 10, 11), Chemmnitz, vol. xi.
t. 202. f. 1981, 1982. Cytherea muscaria, Lamarck, no. 59.
Cyth. pulicaria, Lamarck, no. 60.

Cir. testa rubro-punctaté et angulatim variegata ; posticé costis
divaricatis, anticé concentricis.

In some of the flatter varieties of the preceding species the
anterior rays are so crossed by concentric lines, that it is not easy

651

to say which predominate ; yet the rays are there. In this species

there are no traces of them, but in the hinder part of the shell

they are strong and oblique, while in the front part there are

only concentric ribs. The colouring is arranged in pinkish spots.
Locality uncertain.

6. Cron australis (pl. cxxxvi. £.16, 17), Sowerby, jun.

Cir. posticé subquadrata, costulis divergentibus, prope margi-
nem anticum costulis divergentibus brevibus, in medio costis
angularibus concentricis ; colore pallidé fulvo, lineis divergentibus
et maculis fuscis ; intts purpurascente-fusco nebulato, ad mar-
ginem nigro-punctato.

Shell with diverging ribs and black lines at the back, concen-
tric ridges in the middle, and diverging short ribs near the an-
terior margin; colour pale brown inside, clouded with purplish-
brown, with black spots at the edges.

North-eastern Australia.

Suot. 2. Testa rotundata, compressa, prope umbones et ad latera
divergenti-costata vel striata, varie fusco angulatim picta,
lunuld distinctd.

7. Circe sorrpta (pl. cxxxix. f. 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43).
Venus scripta, Linn., Syst. Nat. p.1135. Var. C. violacea, Schum.

Cir. test’ compressa ; costis concentricis numerosis ; margine
dorsali_rectiusculo, elevato, subcomplanato; lunula distincta;
costulis divergentibus, prope umbones indistinctis.

Shell rather flat, with the hinder part broad and square; dorsal
edge straight and elevated; concentric ribs numerous, particu-
larly at the back ; diverging rays near the umbones scarcely per-
ceptible.

Red Sea and Australia.

8. Circe unpatina (pl. cxxxviil. f. 22, 23, 24, 25, 26). Cy-
thereea undatina, Lamarck, no. 56.

Cir. testa C. scripte simili, sed magis ventricosd ; margine dor-
sali subarcuato, declivi; costis majoribus, rotundatis.

Shell more ventricose than C. serzpta, the dorsal margin more
rounded and sloped downwards ; the ribs generally larger. Varia-
tions in colouring the same.

Red Sea and Australia.

652

9. Circe NuMMULINA (pl. cxxxvii. f.27). Cytherea num-
mulina, Lamarck, no. 58.

Cir. testa C. seripta seu C. undatine simili, sed costulis diver-
gentibus omnino radiata.

This may possibly be a mere variety of the preceding, with the
diverging rays spread nearly all over the shell.

Locality unknown. Mus. Cuming.

10. Crrcz tumpracta (pl. cxxxviii. f. 28, 29, 80), Sowerby,
Jun.

Cir. testé subventricosi, subobliqua, marginibus medio subro-
tundatis, prope umbones inflata, leviter divaricatim costata; mar-
gine dorsali declivi, subcomplanato ; lunuli complanati ; colore
albido, plerumque rufo-scripto.

Shell a little more oblique and ventricose than C. wndatina,

with a greater tendency to swell near the umbones, which are
slightly ribbed.

Locality unknown.

11. Crrce pricatina (pl. exxxvii. f. 31, 32). Cytherea
plicatina, Lamarck, no. 71.

Cir. test subventricosi, subobliqué ; marginibus subrotundatis ;
costis concentricis magnis, nitentibus, subcomplanatis ; lateribus
prope umbones divaricatim costatis.

Shell shaped like C. ¢umefacta, but with the concentric ribs
broad, shining, and a little flattened.

Indian Ocean and New Holland.

12. Crrce rivuLaris (pl. cxxxix. f.46, 47, 48), Menke,

q

Cir. testa complanata, alti, supernée subangustata, albd, rubes-
cente, vel pallidé luted vel fusco laté radiati, intus rosed ; mar-
gine dorsali declivi, crenulato ; costis distantibus, irregularibus,
interstitiis complanatis.

Shell flat, high, rather narrow towards the umbones, pinkish-
white, or yellowish, or pale brown with broad suffused radiating
bands of brown, pinkish within, ribs distant, with flattish inter-
vals ; lunule and dorsal area flattened, marked and crenulated by
the few diverging ribs near the umbones.

New Holland and Rain’s Island. Captain Ince, R.N.

13. Crrce rucirera (pl. exxxix. f.44, 45). Cythereea ru-
gosa, Lamarck, no.70. Venus corrugata, Dillwyn.

Cir. test&é subcomplanata, posticé subangulata, polita, prope

653

umbones rugulosi, grisescente-fulvé, minuté lineis rubris omnino
script’ ; posticeé subquadraté; marginibus dorsalibus declivibus,
rubris ; costis elevatis, distinctis, posticé subangulatis.

Shell rather flattish, squarish at the back, smooth, strongly
roughened near the umbones by the diverging and undulating
ribs; of a greyish-white or pale buff, marked with minute an-
gular reddish lines; dorsal margins flattened, red; ribs large,
deep cut, with distinct intervals, angular at the back.

New Holland; Lamarck. Mr. Gabba, Mr. Hanley, and Mr.

Sowerby possess specimens.

14. Crece crocza (pl. xlix. f.49,50, 51,52), Gray, in Analyst,
1838.

Cir. testa obliqua, forma variante, marginibus rotundatis, albida,
epidermide lute’ induta, nonnunquam fusco prope umbones bi-
radiatim picti, intis luted, anticé concentricé sulcati, posticé levi-
gat; umbonibus divaricatim rugatis; lunula et ared dorsali sub-
purpureis.

Shell oblique, rather rounded, variable in thickness, white, with
a light yellowish epidermis, sometimes with two chestnut bands
radiating a short distance from the umbones; within, yellowish
in the centre; outside, concentrically striated near the umbones,
and from the front to the middle of the shell; smooth at the
back; dorsal margin full, tinged with dull purple; lunule also
tinged with the same colour.

Red Sea. In the cabinets of Mr. Gubba and Mr. Cuming.

15. Circe presysa (pl. exxxvii. f. 33, 34, 35, 36, 37),
Hanley (Cythereea), Wood’s Suppl. pl. 15. f.37. Cyth. erythraa,
Jonas, Philippi, Abbild. pl. ix. f. 2.

Cir. test obliqué rotundata, lenticulari, minuté concentricé
striata, albidd, fulvo literata, vel fuscd, vel fusco variegata; area
dorsali et lunuld minute divaricatim striatis.

Shell rather round, lenticular, concentrically striated, whitish,
sprinkled or lettered, or entirely covered with brown; within,
pinkish or purplish brown; posterior and anterior dorsal margins
short, generally dark brown or spotted, minutely striated with
raised diverging lines.

New Batavia. Philippi.

16. Crrce minima (pl. exxxvii. f. 18, 19, 20,21). Venus
minima, Montagu, Test. Brit. p. 121. pl. 3. £..3; Turton, Dill-

654

wyn, &c. Venus triangularis, Mont., Test. Brit. p. 577. Cyprina
minima, Cyprina triangularis, Zwrton. Cythereea apicalis, Philippi,
Moll. Sicil. vol. i. p. 40, pl. 4. f. 5. Cytheraea Cyrilli, Philippi,
Moll. Sicil. vol. 1. p. 32. Cythereea minuta, Brown, IIlustr.
Conch. p. 92. pl. 37. f. 4.

Cir. test parva, lenticulari vel subtrigond, concentricé striata,
vari picta.

This small species varies considerably in form, as well as in the
fineness of the concentric striz or ribs. From the entire absence
of diverging lines near the umbones, its place in this genus is
doubtful ; but from its entire resemblance in all other respects to
shells of the second section, we follow King, Hanley, &c., in
placing it here.

South of Great Britain, and in the Mediterranean.

LIST OF FIGURES IN PLATES CXXXVII. TO CXXXIX.

(The Figure after each name is the number of the Species.)

Puate CXXXVII. Fig.
Fig. 27. C. nummulina, 9.
1-3. C. pectinata, 1. 28-30. — tumefacta, 10.
4—7. — gibbia, 2, 31, 32. — plicatina, 11.
8, 9. — divaricata, 3. 33-37. — plebeja, 15.
10, 11. — dispar, 5.
12-15. — equivoca, 4. Puars CXXXIX.

16, 17. — australis, 6.
38-43. — scripta, 7.

Prats CXXXVIII. 44, 45. — rugifera, 13.
18-21. — minima, 16. 46-48. — rivularis, 12.
22-26. —— undatina, 8. 49-52. —— crocea, 14.

MONOGRAPH OF THE GENUS

ARTEMIS.

Fam. Veneride.

Char. Gen. Testa eequivalvis, ineequilateralis, plus minusve or-
bicularis, plerumque compressa, concentricé striata aut costellata,
anticé prope umbones plerumque lunulata. Cardo fortis, subsepti-
formis, dentibus tribus aut quatuor divergentibus ; ligamento elon-
gato, partim interno. Impressiones musculares pyriformes ; im-
pressio pallii sinu profundo acute trigono.

The shells of this genus are easily distinguishable from Cy-
therea, not only by their general form, which is lenticular, but
by the deep angular sinus in the impression of the mantle, in-
dicating a peculiarity in the animal. Nearly all the shells are
of a white or light colour, and have concentric ridges or strie.
Three species are found in Europe; a few in America, Australia,
and North Africa; and the greater number in Japan, China, the
Philippines, and other localities in the Kastern Seas.

Sect. 1. Dorsal margin simple ; concentric ridges flat.

1. Arremis concentrica (pl. cxl. f. 1), Gmelin (Venus),
Syst. Nat. p. 3286.

Art. testi subrotundata, latiore quam alta, alba, epidermide
pallidé stramined, concentricé sulcati, sulcis continuis; margine
dorsali elevato, simplici; lunuld profunds excavata.

Rounded, but wider than high; white, with a pale straw-
coloured epidermis ; concentrically and continuously grooved, the
interspaces being narrow and flat; no ligamental area; lunule
deeply impressed.

Porto Portrero, Central America. Cuming.

2. ARTEMIS DIsTANS (pl. cx]. f.3), :

Art. testi crass’, ventricosi, posticé expansi, alba, epidermide
4aQ

656

pallidé stramine’ induta, concentricé distanter sulcata, sulcis ad
latera profundis paucioribus; margine dorsali elevato ; latere
antico parvo; lunuld excavati, impressi.

More ventricose than A. concentrica, with the anterior sides
small, and the posterior side large ; the sulci very distant im the
middle, and very deeply cut at the sides.

Locality unknown. ‘There are several specimens in Mr.
Cuming’s collection.

3. ARrEmMIs ponpDEROSA (pl. exl. f. 2), Gray, Analyst, 1838,
vol. vi. p. 809. Cytherea gigantea, Sowerby, Philippi, Abbild.
pln. tL,

Art. testa subrotundati, crass, alb&, epidermide pallidé mi-
tente induti, irregulariter concentricé sulcati, sulcis in medio
evanidis; ligamento elongato; margine cardinali lato, crasso ;
margine dorsali subelevato, simplici; lunulé planati, profundé
impressa.

More orbicular than A. concentrica, with the sulci worn out,
as it were, in the middle and towards the ventral margin.

Gulf of California ; sandy mud at low water.

4, Artemis NrveNs (pl. exl. f. 11), Reeve, Conch. Icon. Ar-
¢emis, pl. ut. f. 12. A. concentrica, var. ? Hd.

Art. test’ subrotundata, paulultm latiore quam alti, alba, epi-
dermide tenui nitente indutd, regulariter concentricé sulcatd ; ared
hgamenti nulli; margine dorsali subdeclivi.

Smaller, when full-grown, and rounder than A. gigantea, with
the sulci smaller, more regular, and more continuous. It is not
easily distinguishable from A. concentrica, but its dorsal edge is
not quite so much raised.

Locality unknown. In Mr. Cuming’s collection.

5. Arremts tnetsa (pl. exl. f. 7), Reeve, Conch. Icon. pl. i.
jel

Art. testa 4. Patagonice simili, sed magis rotundata, prope um-
bones magis compressa.

If there be a real difference between this species and 4. Pata-
gonica, it will be found in the greater roundness of outline and
the want of fullness and prominence of the shell at and about
the beaks.

North Australia. Jukes.

657

6. Artemis Pataconica (pl exl. f. 8), Philippi (Cytherwa),
Abbild. pli. f. 1.

Art. testé subquadratim rotundata, subcompressa, albida, epi-
dermide tenui induti, concentricé sulcata ; margine dorsal sim-
plici, parum arcuati; umbonibus amplioribus, lateralibus.

Not so wide in proportion to its height as A. ponderosa and
A. concentrica, but of a rather more obliquely square form, with
the umboes very lateral and full.

Patagonia. Philippi.

7. Arremis Dunxert (pl. exl. f.5), Plitippi (Cytherea)
Abbild. Cyth. pl. i. £.5

Art. test’ rotundata, vix latiore quam alta, alba’, epidermide
pallidé induti, concentricé sulcata, sulcis continuis, in medio sub-
distantibus ; margine dorsali declivi; lunulé excavata.

Higher than A. concentrica, with the dorsal margin more
sloping, and the lunule not so deeply excavated.

St. Hlena and Panama, Central America; sandy mud at low

i 3 d
water. Cuming.

8. ArremMis SIMPLEX (pl. exl. f. 6), Hanley, Cat. Recent
Shells, pl. xv. f. 41.

Art. testa oblique altiore quam lati, albé, epidermide tenui in-
duta, concentrice sulcata, sulcis numerosis, eequalibus, continuis ;
margine dorsali obliquo ; lunuld impressi, vix excavata.

More obliquely elevated at the umboes (which are lateral),
than any of the group beginnmg with 4. concentrica, with the
dorsal margin more sloping, Pand the g grooves more numerous and
regular than 4. Dunkeri.

“Locality unknown.

9. ARTEMIS CONCINNA (pl. exl. f. 4), Sowerby, jun.

Art. testi ovali, alba, concentricé tenué striati, latiore quam
alti; epidermide tenui, nitente.

More oval and with finer sulci than A. simplex and similar
species.

Locality unknown.

10. Arremts piscus (pl. exl. f. 9), Reeve, Conch. Icon. pl. ii.
ilies Si

Art. testi compressa, subquadrata, subtiliter striata, pallide
fulva, prope marginem pallidissimé grisescente, omnino tenud in-

658

ciso-striata ; sulcis intermediis versus latera terminatis; margine
dorsali simplici, subarcuato, margine postico rectiusculo; lunulé
breviusculf ; epidermide cornea, fulva.

Of a rather square form, very compressed, and with very finely
cut striz; distinguishable at sight from the others of the group,
by its squareness and flatness.

America.

11. Artemis pLana (pl. exl. f. 10), Reeve, Conch. Icon. Ar-
temas, pl. in. f. 18.

Art. testi compressi, subquadrata, albi, epidermide induta,
concentricé tenuissime striati, striis in medio obsoletis; area
ligamenti simplici; lunuld suboblongd; umbonibus acutis.

Like A. discus, flat and square, but with the striz so fine as
to be scarcely perceptible and nearly obsolete in the middle.

China.

Srcr. 2. Dorsal margins simple; concentric ridges or strie
raised.

12. Arremis pxotera (pl. exli. f. 12, 43, 14), Linneus
(Venus), Syst. Nat. 12th edit. p. 1134. Cytherea exoleta, La-
marck. Pectunculus capillaceus, Da Costa, Brit. Conch. p. 187.
pl. sai. f.5. Cythersea sinuata, Zurton, Dith. Brit. pl. vni. f. 7
(figura solim).

Art. test’ suborbiculari, compressi, etate ad latera subqua-
drati, pallidé fulva, radiis et maculis angulatis rubescentibus
nonnunquam varie picti, concentricé clevato-striata, striis subru-
gosis subeequalibus ; margine dorsali simplici; are ligamenti in-
distinctaé vel nulla; lunuli convexiusculdé, impressi; margine
antico prope lunulam elevato.

The shape is rather round, but when full-grown tending at the
sides to square; the strie elevated, rather rough, but regular ;
the dorsal edge simple, and on the front side raised towards the
lunule. Some specimens are prettily variegated with brown mark-
ings on broad pinkish rays, and some are beautifully tinted with
rose-colour within.

British and other European Seas.

13. Arremts Lincta (pl. exli. f. 16), Pulteney (Venus), Hut-
chins Dorset, p. 34. Venus sinuata, Zurton, Conch. Dith. p. 242.
Cythereea lincta, Lamarck.

Art. testa pallidé fulva, subnitente, ventricosd, subrotundata ;

659

marginibus dorsalibus subdeclivibus, simplicibus ; area Lgamenti
nulla; lineis elevatis concentricis ad latera paululiim elevatis,
sublaminatis, creberrimis ; lunulé impressa.

The dorsal edges are more sloping, the shell more ventricose,
the concentric ridges more nearly lamimated at the sides, and
more smooth near the umboes, than in 4. evo/eta.

Great Britain, and Seas of Southern Europe.

14. Arremis scuupra (pl. exh. f. 15), Reeve, Conch. Icon.
Artemis, pl. ix. f. 52.

Art. testa orbiculari-subquadrataé, paulultin latiore quam alta,
tumidiusculd, posticé expansd, albida, pallidé rubescente, strtis
impressis radiantibus costellas concentricas decussantibus; costellis
concentricis acutiusculis, crebris, ad latera (anticé praecipuc) lami-
natis, undatis; margine dorsali elevato, simplici; lunulé oblong’,
ampla, lamellatim rugosa.

Rather more square and ventricose than 4. exo/eta, and differ-
ing from any of its varieties in being decussated at the sides by
impressed radiating strie crossing the concentric niblets, which
are in that part laminated and undulated.

Locality unknown. In Mr. Metcalfe’s cabinet.

15. Artemis ampuipesmorpes (pl. exli. f. 17,18, 19), Reeve,
Conch. Icon. Artemis, pl. vii. f.48. A. radiata, Reeve, ib. pl. vin.
f. 37 inclusa.

Art. testi subquadratim orbiculari, posticé magna, subflexuosa ;
margine dorsali elevato, simplici, concentrice rugoso-costellato ;
costellis elevatis numerosis, subeequalibus ; pallidé rufescente,
fusco-radiaté, prope umbones nonnunquam purpurascente; lu-
nula subrotundaté, profundé impressi.

I cannot separate the variety named 4. radiata from this, on
account of the accidental contortion of some specimens ; both
are remarkable for the expansion of the hinder part of the shell,
and the character of the ribs, which differ from those of A. exoleta
in being more distinct and raised.

Mouth of the river Gambia, Western Africa; also island of
Burias, Philippines; in coarse sand, at a depth of six fathoms.
Cuming.

16. Arremis TRIGONA (pl. cxli. f. 29), Reeve, Conch. Icon.
Artemis, sp. 42. Cytherea trigona (by error), Thes. Conch.
part 12.

660

Art. testa subtrigona, lata, crassiusculé, alba, ferrugineo-tincta,
concentricé irregulariter striati; are ligamenti simplici; lunulé
amplissima, vix distinct.

I think it is erroneous to place this species in the genus Cy-
therea, for, notwithstanding its trigonal form, it has the essential
characters of Artemis. It 1s mbbed, of a white colour, tinged
with rusty-brown. The lunule is very broad and scarcely marked,
and the area is simple.

Red Sea.

17. Artemis suBtricona (pl. cxh. f. 21), Sowerby, jun.

Art. testa albida, ten, subtrigond, tenué et confertim elevatim
striata; ared ligamenti paululiim depressi; lunuli magna, levi-
gata, vix distincta.

Rather white, thin, of a subtrigonal form, with very fine, close,
concentric riblets. The lunule is large, circumscribed by a
faintly impressed line. The lhgamental area not very distinctly
depressed.

Locality unknown. In Mr. Sowerby’s collection.

18. Arremis tsocarpta (pl. exh. f. 29, 30), Dunker, Phil.
Abbild. Cyth. p. 36. pl. vin. f. 5.

Art. test& glauca, violaceo-tincta, alti, cordata, gibbosd, con-
centricé minuté et acute striata; arei lgamenti paululim exca-
vati; lunulé cordaté, subimpressi. Variat fusco-maculata, mar-
gines et lunula violaceis, mtts purpurea.

Heart-shaped, narrow, and ventricose; greyish-buff, tinged
with purple; finely, evenly, and sharply striated; lunule defined
by a slightly depressed line ; lgamental area rather excavated.

Guinea.

19. Arremis NaNus (pl. exh. f.31), Reeve, Conch. Icon. Ar-
temis, pl. x. £. 57.

Art. testi sordidé alba, subcordati, subgibbosi, concentricé
costati, costis acutis, validis; ared ligamenti simplici; lunulé
ampli, vix impressa.

A small whitish shell, with the ridges very large in proportion
to its size, and the lunule occupying a large part of the anterior
side. here is no distinctly marked ligamental area.

Locality unknown. In Mr. Cuming’s cabinet.

661

Sect. 3. Dorsal edge simple ; lunule expanded and indistinct.

20. Arremis Cutnensts (pl. exh. f. 23, 24), Chemnitz,
(Venus), pl. 171. f. 1663. Cyprina tenuistria, Lamarch:.

Art. testA obliqué subquadrata, inflata, concentricé irregulariter
striatA, striis elevatiusculis, radiatim tenuistriaté ; umbonibus la-
teralibus; margine dorsali elevato, simplici; lunulé nulla; mar-
gine ventrali et laterali intis crenatis; fulva, nonnunquam pur-
pureo-fasciata.

This species has no distinctly-marked lunule. It is rather
square and inflated, of a fawn-colour, beautifully banded with
purple; the inner edge crenated.

China; Korea.

21. ARTEMIS ORIENTALIS (pl. exliv. f. 79), Sowerby, gun.

Art. test rotundata, ventricosd, concentrice et radiatim ad latera
vix striata, pallidé aurantid, propé marginem ventralem rubes-
cente; inttis margine crenato; lunula nulla.

A fine specimen of this rounded, ventricose shell from Japan,
has recently come into Mr. Cuming’s possession. It is much
more round, smooth, and solid than 4. Chinensis.

Japan.

22. ArTemis INFLATA (pl. exh. f. 25), Sowerby, jun.

Art. test& subrotundata, alba, tenuissimé concentricé striata ;
lunuld nulla, intts fulvi; margine levi.

Like A. Chinensis, but rounder and without the crenulations
on the inner edge.

Locality unknown.

23. ARTEMIS TENUIS (pl. exh. f. 22), Sowerby, jun., Conch.
Icon. Artemis, pl. ix. £. 53.

Art. test inflata, tenui, alba, obliqué subquadrata, vix striata ;
lunula nulla ; margine dorsali simplici, elevatd ; inttis margine levi.

In form like A. Chinensis, but smooth, and without crenations
on the inner edge. It is not so oval or sloping at the dorsal
edge as A. inflata.

Locality unknown.

24, Arremis suBquADRATA (pl. exli. f. 27), Hanley, Wood’s
Ind. Test. Suppl. pl. xv. f. 39.

Art. test& subquadrata, tenui, inflata, stramined, post medium

662

subangulatim inflat’é, concentricé minutissimé striati; ared liga-
menti simpli; margine dorsali elevato; lunuli nullé; margine
antico brevi.

Large when full-grown, thin and inflated, rather angular to-
wards the back of the shell. The anterior side is short, and
there is no lunule.

St. Elena, West Columbia, in sandy mud at low water; and
Lobos Island, Peru, in sandy mud, from six to seven fathoms.
Cuming.

25, ARTEMIS MACILENTA (pl. exli. f. 32), Reeve, Conch. Icon.
Artemis, pl. ix. f. 51.

Art. testé suborbiculari, obliqua, alba, tenui, compressa, levi-
gata; lunula elongataé, mdistincta.

Very thin, rather round, compressed, white, with the lunule
scarcely defined. This may be the young of 4. swbquadrata.

Sscr. 4. Dorsal margin depressed.

26, ARTEMIS PENICILLATA (pl. cxli. f. 28), Reeve, Conch.
Icon. Artemis, pl. vi. f. 32.

Art. test& subquadrati, compressi, alb&i vel fulva, rufescente,
lineis radiantibus subimpressis fuscescentibus pallidé notati, con-
centricé striati; striis elevatiusculis, ad latera validioribus ; mar-
gine dorsali postico rectiusculo; area ligamenti simplicé depressi,
lmeari; margine antico declivi; lunulé sublanceolati, leviter
impressa.

Rather square at the back, more round and sloping in front,
compressed, white or brownish, with impressed irregularly diverging
and radiating lines of colour. The ligamental area is represented
by a simple linear depression, and the lunule is rather long and
narrow.

Locality unknown. In Mr. Cuming’s collection.

27. ARTEMIS ANGULOSA (pl. cxl. f. 26), Philippi, Abbild.
Cytherea, pl. v. f. 1. A. longilunata, Reeve, Conch. Icon. pl. x.
f.61. A. penicillata, var., Reeve, Conch. Icon. pl. vi. f. 36.

Art. testa A. penicillate simili, sed magis compressa et quadra-
tim expansi; lunuld peculiariter elongata.

Flatter and broader than A. penicidlata, with the lunule more
elongated.

In Mr. Hanley’s collection.

663

28. Arremts Lunarts (pl. exlit. f. 33), Lamarck, Anim. sans
vert. (Cytherea, no. 46). dn Venus lupinus, Poli?

Art. test obliqué elevata, solidi, compressa, prope umbones
polita, vix ad margines tenuissimé striata ; are’ ligamenti de-
pressa, indistinct ; lunuld parva, impressi; wmbonibus oblique
productis.

The elevation of the upper part towards the anterior side gives
a peculiar obliquity to this shell, which is nearly white, flat, and
smooth, excepting at the edges, where very fine strive are just
visible. The lunule is small; the ligamental area formed by a
slight depression of the dorsal margin, which is much sloped.

Gulf of Tarentum.

29. ARTEMIS FERRUGINEA (pl. cxlu. f. 384), Reeve, Conch.
Icon. Artemis, pl. x. f. 56.

Art. test& carneo-albidd, prope umbones subferrugined, solidé ,
suborbiculari, omnino regulariter concentrict minut’ striatf; area
ligamenti depr ess; lunuld parva, profunde impressa.

“Obliquely Tellineeform, with sloping edges, something like A. /u-
naris, but wider in proportion, with the hinder part produced,

Locality unknown. In Mr. Hanley’s collection.

30. Arreais mopesta (pl. exli. f. 37), Reeve, Conch. Icon.
Artemis, pl. ix. f. 54.

Art. testa suborbiculari, compress’, superné obliqué subelevata,
sordidé alba, nitente, striis radiantibus obscurissimis notata, con-
centricé minuté impresso-striaté; ared ligamenti angustatd, exca-
vati; lunuli subobliquaé, impressa.

Not so oblique nor so much produced at the upper part as
A, lunaris, and having the ligamental area more excavated.

Locality unknown. In Mr. Cuming’s collection.

31. Arremts HEpattca (pl. exli. £. 35, 36), Philippi, Abbild.
Cytherea, pl. i. £. 8.

Art. testA obliqué subquadraté, subcompressi, ceerulescente vel
fulva, prope umbones rufescente et purpureo- -maculata, tenuissime
striaté; lunulé vix impressi; ared dorsali partim planata.

Not so inflated as A. Chinensis, and more finely striated, with
a distinct although not prominent lunule; colour of a dull
ashy-grey, darker near, and orange at, the nmbocs! The variety

dh

is of a light orange-colour, with large carulean spots near the
umboes.
Locality unknown. In Mr. Cuming’s cabinet.

32. ARTEMIS CHRULEA pl. exlu. f. 43, 44), Reeve, Conch.
>] *) r]
Icon. Artemis, pl. Tee

Art. testi alba vel pallidé fulvi, ad umbones plus minusve
fulvo et ceruleo nebulatd, state crassi, ventricosi, rotundata,
posticé subangulaté, minute concentricé elevato-striatd ; lunula
subovali, line impress’ circumscripta; ared dorsali sublaté de-
press ; umbonibus leevigatis.

When full-grown this shell is thick and full, with small, even,
raised striae, except at the umboes, which are smaller, and the
ligamental area formed by the simple depression of the dorsal
edge. The colour is white or pale whitish-brown, with a tinge
of orange clouded with dull blue about the umboes and upper
margins.

Rain’s Island, Torres Straits. Captain Ince.

38. ArTemis LuctnoipEs (pl. exli. f. 39), Reeve, Conch.
Icon. Artemis, pl. vii. f. 45.

Art. test albida, crass’, subangulatim rotundata, omnino mi-
nuté striati; arei ligamenti angustatd, excavati; lunulé im-
pressa.

Resembling A. hepatica, but with no tendency to the purple
patches of colour, and perhaps more coarsely striated.

Guinea. Sams.

34, ARTEMIS SOLIDULA (pl. exli. f. 38), Sowerby, jun.

Art. testa alba, solidd, concentricé striat&i; area dorsali de-
5] 3 ]
pressa, subexcavata, declivi; lunula distincta, convexa.
. ‘ 7 ao a -
Resembling A. carulea, but much more sloping and less an
gular at the dorsal edge.
Locality unknown. In Mr. Cuming’s collection.
Y, 8

35. ArTEMIs RuBICUNDA (pl. cxli. f. 40, 41, copied), Phz-
lippi, Abbild. Cyth. t. vi. f. 5.

Art. “testa parva, orbiculari, aurantio-rubente tenuissimé striata,
fere levi; ared distincté nulli; lunuld convex4, cordata, lneolé
impress’ partum conspicud egré circumscripta.”

A pretty little red shell, from the Red Sea; it must very nearly
resemble the two or three preceding.

665

36. ARTEMIS SERICBA (pl. exlu. f. 42), Reeve, Conch. Leon.
Artemis, pl. vin. f. 36.

Art. testA subovali, tenui, latiore quam alt4, concentrice tenuis-
simé striati, stris vix ad latera elevatis ; ared hgamenti elongata,
paulultim depress4 ; lunula ovali, impress’; colore prope umbones
fulvo, ad margines grisescente.

A rather oval shell, of a delicate fawn-colour at the umboes
and towards the middle, but becoming greyish towards the mar-
gin; the striz are so close and fine as to give a silky appearance
to the surface, and are scarcely more raised close to the hinder
edge, which is slightly angulated. This shell is rather more
regularly oval, with the striz more equally raised throughout,
than in the following species.

Japan, Dr. Siebold ; and San Nicolas, island of Zebu, Philip-
pines, Cuming.

37. Artemis compra (pl. exlu. f. 45), Loven, Index Mol-

lusc. Scandinavie, p. 39. Artemis glauca, Reeve, Conch. Icon.
pl. x. f. 58.

Art. testa subovali, latiore quam alti, fulva, grisescente, con-
centricé tenuissime striata, strus ad latera ereberrimé et lamina-
tim elevatis; ared ligamenti depressi; lunuld impress.

Of an oval form, differing from A. serzcea in the lateral eleva-
tion of the strize.

Philippines.

Sect. 5. Dorsal margin with a defined area; generally ex-
cavated.

8. Artemis Orsientt (pl. exli. f. 54), Duaker, Phil. Ab-
bild. Cytherea, pl. vi. f. 3.

Art. test’ subrotundata, solid, subcompressi, albidd, umbones
versus lividd, concentricé striata, striis subdistantibus, elevatius-
culis, regularibus, ad latera paucioribus, elevatis; ared ligamenti
excavati, lanceolaté; lunulé subimpressa.

Rather round, flattish, with raised, distant, concentric lines,
some of which converge near the sides; the colour tends to
livid or grey towards the umboes. The description by Philippi
almost identifies this with 4. forrida of Reeve.

Guinea, Sams. Mouth of the river Gaboon, Western Africa.

666

39. Anrremis TorripA (pl. exlu. f. 46), Reeve, Conch. Icon.
Artemis, pl. x. £. 60.

Art. test A. Orbignii simili, sed latiore ; are’ ligamenti haud
tantum excavata, costellis ad latera vix elevatis.

It is not unlike 4. Ordiginii, but it is not so high and the
riblets not so much elevated and corrugated at the sides,

Mouth of the river Gaboon, Western Africa,

40. Artemis Arricana (pl. exli. f. 48), Gray, Analyst,
1888. Dosin,” Adanson ?

Art. testa pallidé fulvi, crass, obliqué elevatd, concentricé
concinné subundulatim sulcata; sulcis ad latera elevatis, conver-
gentibus, posticé ad marginem are lgamenti angulatim pro-
ductis ; are’ ligamenti planulata, laté excavati; lunulaé distincta,
profunda.

Nearly white, sometimes tinged with delicate pink, obliquely
elevated, with very sloping dorsal margins; the ligamental area
excavated and flattened, and defined by the acutely produced
ridges, which are elevated and convergent at the sides, and
smooth and shining at the central disc.

Senegal.

41. Arremis Grounert (pl. exli. f. 47), Philippi, Abbild.
Cyth. pl. vii. f. 2.

Art. testa pallidé fulvd, crassi, subelevata, concentricé validé
sulcati; sulcis ad latera elevatis, convergentibus, posticé ad mar-
ginem ares ligamenti angulatim ‘productis ; ; ared ligamenti planu-
fata, late excavata ; lunuld distincta, validé impressa.

Broader and coarser than 4. Africana, and not so obliquely
elevated towards the umboes.

China.

42. Arremis Apansont (pl. exlu. f. 52), Philippi, Abbild.
Cyth. tu. £2. “ Dosin,” Adanson ?

Art. testé albidd, versus umbones subrosed, suborbiculari, sub-
compressa, concentrice minute striati, stris ad latus posticum
angulatim elevatis, utrinque undulatim convergentibus ; margine
dorsali subelevato; area ligamenti levi, lanceolata, subexcavata ;
lunula parva, impressi.

Rounder, flatter, and smoother than 4. Gruneri or A. Africana;
ligamental area not so much excavated nor so distinctly defined.

Senegal.

667

43, Arremis catcotus (pl. exli. f. 53), Reeve, Conch. Leon.
Art, pl. vin. £. 47.

Art. testi albido-fuscescente, tenui, compress’, concentrice
tenuissimé striata; striis ad latera elevatiusculis, convergentibus ;
are’ ligamenti subexcavata.

Thin, whitish or light brown, very minutely striated, the striz
elevated and converging at the sides; ligamental area not very
distinctly marked by the edges of the concentric ridges.

Catannan, island of Luzon, Philippmes; in fine sand at low
water. Cuming.

44, Artemis Biscocta (pl. exli. f. 50), Reeve, Conch. Icon.
Art, pl. ix. f. 55.

Art. test& pallidé fulvi, suborbiculari, concentricé striata, stris
asperis ad latera elevatiusculis convergentibus; ared ligamenti
lanceolate excavaté ; lunulé impressa.

Differing from the rest of the group in the sharp and rough
character of the raised strive, which prevents the silkiness of
appearance near the umboes, which may be observed in A. Afri-
cana, ete.

Japan. Stebold.

45. Arremis FrButa (pl. exli. f. 49), Reeve, Conch. Icon.
Art. pl. v. £. 26.

Art. testi lutescente-albi, alté, subcompressi, ad latera sub-
angustati, concentricé creberrimé striati, striis ad latera vix ele-
vatis, convergentibus; margine laterali antico elevato; lunuld
profundissime impressé ; are’ ligamenti acute excavata, laevigata.

“Principally remarkable for the depressed growth of the lu-
nule,” otherwise resembling A. discocta.

Mouth of the Gambia, Western Africa.

46, ARTEMIS CRETACEA (pl. exlii. f.51), Reeve, Conch. Icon.
Art, pl. vi. f. 35.

Art. testa A. discocte simili, sed striis concentricis validé tenui-
oribus.

There is a chalky appearance arising from the closely laminated
strie of this shell, which distinguishes it from A. déscocta and
others of the group.

Manilla, island of Luzon, Philippines. Cuming.

47. Artemis tivipa (pl. exli. f. 55, copied), PAclippi, Ab-
bild. Cyt. pl.v. f.4. A. Orbignn, var.? £7.

Art. testa dA. Orbignii simili, sed magis compressa, posticé an-
gulata, striis magis confertis, ad latera angulatim terminatis.

It is not easy either to identify this species, or to distinguish
from it A. aspera, Reeve, excepting in colour. It is like 4. Or-
dignii In some respects, but is flatter, more angular, and with the
striae more numerous and raised at the sides.

Locality unknown.

48. Artemis aspera (pl. exli. f. 56), Reeve, Conch. Icon.
Art. pl. ix. £. 49.

Art. testi suborbiculari, tumida, pallidé fulva, concentricé
striata, striis elevatis creberrimis, acutis, ad latera paucis elevati-
usculis; ared ligamenti excavataé ; lunulé parva; umbonibus pro-
minulis.

Of a dull whitish-brown colour, very finely and sharply striated,
with the striz slightly elevated at the sides, particularly at the
edge of the ligamental area, which is peculiarly canaliculated,
with the inner edges slightly raised ; the umboes are produced.

Manilla; in sandy mud at low water. Cuming.

49. Arremis canaLicuLata (pl. exlii. f. 58), Sowerby, jun.

Art. testa parvi, tumidd, sordidé alba, minutissimé striata,
striis ad latera elevatiusculis; umbomibus prominentibus, acutis ;
area ligamenti duplicata.

Striated like 4. dzscocta and A. aspera, and remarkable for the
canaliculated appearance given to the ligamental area by the ele-
vation of the dorsal edges.

Manilla, island of Luzon. Cuming.

50. ARTEMIS SCABRIUSCULA (pl. exli. f. 59), Philippi, Ab-
bild. Cyth. pl. v. f. 2.

Art. test suborbiculari, latiore quam alta, albidd, posticé sub-
angulata, tenuissimé striata, striis ad latera acuté laminatis; ared
ligamenti lata, excavaté, ad marginem serrata ; lunuld impressa.

Rather transversely tending to oval, with numerous, close, very
fine ridges, which, at the sides, are produced into lamine ending
in points, so as to serrate the margin of the ligamental area,
which is broad and excavated.

Locality unknown.

669

51. Arremis Javonica (pl. exliii. f. 60), Reeve, Conch. Icon.
Art, pl. wm. £17.

Art. testi suborbiculari, paulultim latiore quam alti, albida,
subcompressi, posticé superné subangulataé, concentricé minute
costellaté, costellis ad latera paucioribus et clevatim laminatis.

The sculpture is less fine and the dorsal part of the shell more
elevated and angular than in A. scabriuscula; at the hinder side
the laminze suddenly become few and broadly laminated.

Japan. Dr. Siebold.

52. ARTEMIS sUBROSEA (pl. exlii. f. 61), Gray, Yates’ New
Zealand, p. 309.

Art. testa pallidé rosaceo-fulva, latiore quam alta, tenui, con-
vexa, concentricé creberrimé elevatim striata, striis ad latera lami-
natis minutissimis; ared lgamenti subexcavati, striati; lunuld
ovali, impressa.

Of a rather oval form, with very fine striae, which are so close
at the umboes as to give a glossy appearance to the surface. This
species differs from 4. Japonica and A. scabriuscula in having the
strize as close at the sides as at the middle of the shell.

New Zealand.

53. Artemis Sresoupit (pl. exlii. f. 57), Reeve, Conch. Icon.
Art, pl. vii. £. 39.

Art. testa fused, rotundatéi, convexd, concentricé tenuissimé
liraté, liris anticé laminatis, posticé paucioribus, elevatiusculis,
corrugatis; lunulé impressi; ared lgamenti latiusculd, vix ex-
cavata, squamarum grandium serie marginata.

Remarkable for the corrugated character of the ridges on a
distinct portion of the posterior side, and for the row of large
laminated scales, into which some of the ridges are expanded at
the edge of the ligamental area.

Japan. Dr. Siebold. In Mr. Cuming’s collection.

54. ARTEMIS corruGATA (pl. cxli. f. 63), Reeve, Conch.
Icon. Art. pl. iv. f. 24.

Art. testa suborbiculari, paululim latiore quam alta, tenu,
convexa, sordidé albida, concentricé striata, striis in medio tenuis-
simis, subobsoletis, ad latera (posticé preecipué) elevatis, crassius-
culis, corrugatis et convergentibus ; striis radiantibus obsoletis ;
ared ligamenti laminati, vix impressi; lunulé suboblonga, im-
press.

670

Similar in form to dA. Japonica, ete., but very remarkable for
the coarsely wrinkled character of the elevated riblets at the pos-
terior side, compared to the almost obsolete and fine striz in the
middle.

Locality unknown. In Mr. Cuming’s collection.

55. ARTEMIS EXasPERATA (pl. exlin. f. 62), Philippi, Ab-
bild. Cy¢d. pl. vin. f. 4.

Art. testa subquadrata, albi, compressi, concentricé creberrimé
costellat’i, costellis in medio levigatis, prope marginem et ad
latera subcorrugatis, ad latera lamellatis et interruptim elevatis,
ad marginem dorsalem in nodulos productis; areé ligamenti sub-
excavata, striati; lunulé profundé impressi.

White, a little squared at the sides; very finely ribbed, except
at the sides, where the ribs are few, coarse, and wrinkled, a few
of them being raised into nodules circumscribing the ligamental
area.

Bay of Manilla, island of Luzon, Philippines; in sandy mud.
Cuming.

56. Arremis Brtunata (pl. cxliu. f. 66), Gray, Analyst,
1838, part 24, p. 309.

Art. test& albidd, orbiculari-subtrigon4, versus umbones elevata,
pallidé radiis roseis interruptis picta, concentricé tenuissimé striata,
lineis ad latera mm squamas angulatas productis, posticé ad mar-
ginem, antice post aream late distinctam et levigatam terminatis ;
lunulé ovali, lined profundé circumscripté; ared lgamenti an-
gustati, vix depress; umbonibus parvis, elevatis.

The striz are very fine in the middle of the shell, but at the
sides some of them are produced into angular lamine; at the
front side these laminated points terminate in a radiating series
before reaching the margin, so as to leave a broad, distinct, smooth
area, which is separated from the true lunule by a deep groove.
The shell is beautifully painted by radiating interrupted rays of
pale pink.

Japan. Dr. Scebold.

57. Arremis Cuminett (pl. exlin. f. 64), Reeve, Conch. Icon.
Art. pl. v. f. 3.

Art. testi subalbida, fusco radiaté et tinct’, subcompressi, ad
latera subangulaté, tenuissimé striati, ad marginem dorsalem et

671

junule antice striis paucis, elevato-laminatis, m angulos parvos
productis ; umbonibus parvis, arcuatis.

In general form this resembles A. 4¢/wnulata, but it has not
the anterior area or second lunule which characterizes that
species.

San Nicolas, island of Zebu, Philippines; in sandy mud. Cuming.

58. Arremis LAMELLATA (pl. exlii. f. 65), Reeve, Conch.
Icon. Art. pl. in. f. 13.

Art. testa subovali, subcompressi, alb’, prope umbones minuté
striati, deinde lamellatéi; lamellis duplicatis, ad latera pauciori-
bus, subelevatis; are’ ligamenti subexcavata, lamellaté; lunula
lined profunda circumscripta.

Remarkable for the duplicate character of the concentric la-
mine.

North Australia. Jukes.

59. Arvemis pupticata (pl. exli. f. 67), Reeve, Conch.
Icon. Arf. pl. vi. f. 46.

Art. testa tenui, albida, subcompressi, subovali, concentricé mi-
nuté laminaté; laminis postice duplicatis, ad latera productis ; ared
ligamenti ad marginem profundeé excavaté; lunuld lined distincti.

Like A. damel/ata in having the ribs duplicate, but with the
whole sculpture much finer.

North Australia. Jukes.

60. ARTEMIS TENUILAMELLATA (pl. exlin. f. 68), Sowerdy,
junior.

Art. testa A. lamellate et A. duplicate simili, sed tenui, lamel-
lis duplicatis tenuissimis, acutis.

In this shell the lamelle are all thin and sharp. The shell is
also thin and of an oval form. It bears « resemblance to 4. /a-
mellata and A. duplicata of Reeve. Like A. lamellata, it has
the canaliculated structure of the dorsal area, but the laminz are
totally different.

Locality unknown. In Mr, Sowerby’s collection.

61. Arremis uxctsa (pl. exli. f. 69), Chemnitz (Venus ex-
cisa), Philippi, Abbild. Reeve, Conch. Icon.

Art. testé subtrigona, crassiuscula, albida, concentricé subru-
4s

672

gosi, clevatim striati; ared ligamenti excavati; lunuld ampla,
subobsoleta.

White, with the shape rather tending to trigonal, with roughish
riblets or raised strie ; ligamental area sharply excavated; lunule
wide, rather indistinct.

Nicobar Island.

62. Artemis conrusa (pl. exlii. f. 70), Reeve, Conch. Icon.
Art. pl. vu. f. 38.

Art. testa oblique subglohosi, crassi, albidi, umbones versus
sublividi, concentricé costellata, costellis complanatis ; area liga-
menti excavati, pland; lunula impress, lata.

Whutish, clouded with dull blue near the umboes, rather thick,
smooth, and obliyuely gibbous, concentrically ridged; the ridges
rather broad and flat. The ligamental area angularly excavated,
and smooth.

Point Cunningham, North Australia. Dring.

Snor. 6. Hdge of the dorsal area raised above the circum-
scribing line.

63. Artemis ALATA (pl. exliv. f. 73), Reeve, Conch. Icon.
pl. iv. f. 20.

Art. test’ alba, subleevigati, alt’, plana, ad latus posticum
sulco profundo alam formante radiatim divisa ; lunula suboblongé;
umbonibus parvis, subarcuatis.

A nearly smooth, white, flat shell, remarkable for a radiating
groove at the hinder part, which separates a wing-shaped area
from the rest. As this may be equivalent to the raised liga-
mental areas in A. pubescens and A. striatissima, 1 place the
species with them, although otherwise very unlike.

Locality unknown. In Mr. Cuming’s collection.

64. ARTEMIS PUBESCENS (pl. exlii. f. 72), Philippi (Cy-
therea), Abbild. t. 8. f. 3. Art. calata, Reeve, Conch. Icon.

pl. v. sp. 28.

Art. “ testa subquadrato-orbiculari, lacted, stris transversis con-
ferlis, versus utramque extremitatem paucioribus et lamellaribus
sculpt; lunuli cordata, compressa, lined profundissim’ circum-
scripta ; aref lineari-lanceolata, lamellarum extremitatibus spinze-

673

formibus cinct’i; ligamento conspicuo, iterum lamellis spine-
formibus circumdato.”

White, rather squarish, and remarkable for a deeply-impressed
line dividing off a portion of the dorsal edge; near this line the
concentric ridges are laminated and produced into points.

Catanuan, island of Luzon, Philippines; in fine sand at low
water. Cuming.

65. Arremis srriavisstma (pl. exliv. f. 71-84), Sowerby,
junior.

Art. testi subrotundata, alba, radiatim minutissimé striata,
concentricé costellaté; costellis parvis, subdistantibus ; margine
dorsali lined impressi aream elevatam circumscribente ; lunulfé
tumida, margine profundé impresso.

More rounded than A. pudescens, with the concentric ridges
more distant and less produced at the margins, and with fine ra-
diating striz. It resembles that species in having a defined sup-
plemental area.

Locality unknown. In Mr. Cuming’s collection.

Srcr. 7. Dorsal area laminated in one valve, smooth in the
other.

66. Artemis ruFA (pl. exliv. f. 77), Lamarck (Cytherea),
sp. 37.

Art. test& rufa, varié albo-radiata et interrupta, rotundata, sub-
ventricosa, crass, concentricé subplano-costatd ; costellis ad la-
tera elevatiusculis: lunuli brevi, plana, impressd, dorso rotundato ;
ared ligamenti striaté, plamiusculi, excavata.

Rounded, rather ventricose, thick, concentrically ribbed; the
ribs flattened in the middle and slightly elevated at the sides.
Ligamental arca striated, rather flattened and hollowed out.

Locality unknown.

67. ARTEMIS JUVENILIS (pl. exliv. f. 74, 75, 76), Gmelin
(Venus), Syst. Nat. p. 3287. V. juvenis, Chemnitz.

Art. testé alba, rufo laté interruptim et varié radiata, rotun-
dati, compressi, coucentricé costati; costellis in medio planatis,
ad latera paucis, laminatis, elevatis; lunulé brevi, impressd; area
ligamenti angustata, striata, paululum excavata.

The dorsal margin is less rounded than in 4. v/a; the shell

674

is flatter, and the concentric ridges, instead of being thickened,
are raised and laminated at the sides.
Bay of Manilla, isl. Luzon, Philippines; sandy mud. Cuming.

68. Arremis scaLanis (pl. exhv. f. 78), Menke (Cytherea),
Moll. Nov. Holl. p. 42. no. 241.

Art. testi rotundata, subcompress4, paululum latiore quam
alta, albidé, rufo pallido plus minusve radiatim et interruptim
picta, conceutricé costellata ; costellis 11 medio planatis, ad latera
tenué laminatis et elevatis; luuulé brevi, impressd, excavata.

Larger aud broader than A. yuvenilis, the colouring a more
delicate fawn, and all the ribs continucd to the sides, where they
are close and laminated.

Mouth of the Swan River, New Holland.

69. Artemis anus (pl. exliv. f. 82), Philippi, Abbild. Cyth.
pl. vii. f. 1.

Art. testé subquadrato-orbiculari, subcoinpressa, crassi, con-
centricé costellaté, pallidé fasciatim fulva, ad apicem rufescente ;
costellis acutis, subirregularibus, ad latera paucis, elevato-lamina-
tis, snbdivaricatis ; lunuli, profwndé impressd, lammaté; area liga-
menti angulatim excavata, plana.

Rather squarish at the sides, sharply costellated, with the ribs
few, laminated and divergent at the sides, so as to give a wrinkled
appearance. The ligamental area is flat and angularly excavated.

New Zealand. Hart.

70. ArrEMis PRosTRATA (pl. exliv. f. 80), Linn. Syst. Nat.
12th edit. p. 1133.

Art. testa obliqué quadraté, compressa, pallidé fulva, concen-
tricé costellaté; costellis ad latera irregulariter ct interruptim
convergentibus et corrugatis, ad marginem dorsalem elevatim
sublamellosis ; arc igamenti subexcavati; lunula subelongata.

Not very far removed from d. awus; it is much squarer and
flatter, with the riblets more irregularly wrmkled and more ele-
vated at the dorsal margin.

Mouth of Swan River, New Holland. Collie.

71. Arremis Lamrinata (pl. exliv. f. 86, 87), Reeve, Conch.
Icon. pl. vu. f. 41.

Art. testa alba, orbiculari, concentricé laminataé; laminis sub-

675

distantibus, alternis, ad latera laté expansis, subreflexis; area ex-
cavaté; lunula lined profunda circumscripta.

Like A. juvenilis and A. scalaris, but with the ridges laminated ;
some ending suddenly and others spread out into broad reflected
lamine at the sides. Fig. 87 represents a much less broadly
laminated variety.

Island of Samar, Philippines. Cuming.

72. Artemis varircata (pl. exliv. f. 83), Gray, Analyst,
1838, vol. vii. p. 309. Venus exoleta variegata, Chemnitz. V.
australis, Quoy e¢ Gaimard, Voy. Astr.

Art. testa orbiculari, subventricosa, albidi, fusco-purpurascente,
laté triradiaté, omnino rufo pallidé literati, intts purpureo-tincta,
concentricé costellata; costellis subdistantibus, elevato-laminatis,
ad latera paucioribus, acutiusculis ; ared ligamenti acuté excavata,
valvee dextre laminati, alterd plana; lunula rotundata, impressa,
purpurea.

Rather orbicular and ventricose, beautifully variegated with
purplish interrupted rays and spots, and having the ribs elevated,
rather distant, elevated and laminated, thinner and fewer at the
sides.

Philippine Islands; Moluccas; Australia.

73. Artemis trrata (pl. exliv. f. 85), Sowerby, yun. A.
variegata, var., Reeve, Conch. Icon. Art. f. 33 a.

Art. test& suborbiculari, compress4, albidd, fusco radiatim lite-
rata, concentricé costellis distantibus elevatis continuis lirata ;
lunulé impressi, suboblongi; are’ ligamenti lineari, valve si-
nistre plana, valvee dextree laminatia.

Flatter than A. variegata, with the concentric ridges more dis-
tant and continuous, and all traces of the purple colouring are
lost, only pure brown angular markings remaining. This species
looks so different from A. variegata that one is compelled to se-
parate it notwithstanding the existence of intermediate varieties.

Cagayan, isl. of Mindoro, Philippines. Cuming.

74. ARTEMIS LENTICULARIS (pl. cxliv. f. 81), Sowerby, jun.
A. variegata, var., Reeve. Artemis, f. 296, 33.

Art. testa lenticulari, compressa, pallidé fulva, fusco-radiata et
literaté, concentricé confertim costellaté; area ligamenti vix ex-
cavata ; lunulé impressa.

676

This species presents a medium between A. variegata and A.
evoletu in general appearance, and in the character of the ribs
and markings. The ribs are much more close and flat than in
A. variegata.

Philippines. Cuming.

ve

Genus LUCINOPSIS, Forbes § Hanley.

Lucrnopsis unpata (pl. exliv. f. 88, 89). Venus undata,
Pennant, Brit. Zool. vol. iv. pl. 55. £51. Venus sinuosa, /d.
Lucina undata, Zuwrton. Venus incompta, Philippi. Cytherea
undata, Mucgi/. Artemis undata, Adder.

L. testé tenui, inflata, pallidé fulvé, subquadratim rotundata,
irregulariter et leviter substriati; margine dorsali subelevato ;
margine postico subsinuato ; cardine posticée subcomplanato, den-
tibus in valva sinistré tribus centralibus, quarum medio dupli-
cato, in valvi dextrié duobus; ligamento magno, interné compla-
nato; impressione pallii sinu magno rotundato.

It seems doubtful whether the characters named by the pro-
posers of this genus are sufficient to distinguish it from the Ar-
temides. The teeth slightly differ, and the smus in the muscular
iiopression is less angular.

A well-known species, found in various parts of the British
coasts.

LIST OF FIGURES IN PLATES CXL. TO CXLIV.

(The Figure after each name is the number of the Species.)

Fig. Fig.
Prats CXL, 6. A. simplex, 8, Hand.
1. A. concentrica, 1, Gmel. 7. — incisa, 5, Reeve.
2. — ponderosa, 3, Gray. 8. — Patagonica, 6, Ph.
3. — distans, 2, Sowd. ? 9. — discus, 10, Reeve.
4. — concinna, 9, Sowd. 10. — plana, 11, Reeve.
5. — Dunkeri, 7, Ph. 11. — nitens, 11, Reeve.

677
Vig. = Fig.
Prate CXLI. 54. A. Orbignii, 38, Dunker.
12-14. A. exoleta, 12, Linn. 55. — livida, 47, Ph.

15. — sculpta, 14, Reeve. > 2
16. — lineta, 18, Puit, fe ee

17-19. — amphidesmoides, 15, Rv. 56. A. aspera, 48, Reeve.

20. — trigona, 16, Reeve. 57. — Bieboldii, 53, Reeve.
21. — subtrigona, 17, Sowd. 58. — canaliculata, 49, Sowd.
22. — tenuis, 23, Sowd. 59. — scabriuscula, 50, Ph.
23, 24. — Chinensis, 20, Chem. 60. — Japonica, 51, Reeve.
25. — inflata, 32, Sowd. 61. — subrosea, 52, Gray.
26. — angulosa, 27, Ph. 62. — exasperata, 55, Ph.
27. — subquadrata, 24. Hand. 63. — corrugata, 54, Reeve.
28. — penicillata, 26, Reeve. 64. — Cumingii, 57, Reeve.
29,80. — isocardia, 18, Dunker. 65. — lamellata, 58, Reeve.
31. — nanus, 19, Reeve. 66. — bilunata, 56, Gray.
32. — macilenta, 25, Reeve. 67. — duplicata, 59, Reeve.
68. — tenuilamellata, 60, Sowd.
Prats CXLIIL. 69. — excisa, 61, Chemn.
33. A. lunaris, 28, Lamarck. 70. — contusa, 62, Reeve.
34, — ferruginea, 29, Reeve. 71. — striatissima, 65, Sowd.
35, 36. — hepatica, 31, Ph. 72. — pubescens, 64, Ph.

37. — modesta, 30, Reeve.

38. — solidula, 34, Sowerby. UME

39. — lucinoides, 39, Reeve. 73. A. alata, 63, Reeve.
40, 41. — rubicunda, 35, Ph. 74-76. — juvenilis, 67, Gmelin.
42. — sericea, 36, Reeve. 77. — rufa, 66, Lamarck.
43, 44. — cerulea, 32, Reeve. 78. — scalaris, 68, Menke.
45. — compta, 37, Loven. 79. — orientalis, 21, Sow.
46. — torrida, 39, Reeve. 80. — prostrata, 70, Linn.
47. — Gruner, 41, Ph. 81. — lenticularis, 74, Soad.
48. — Africana, 40, Gray. 82. — anus, 69, Ph.
49. — fibula, 45, Reeve. 83. — varicgata, 72, Gray.
50. — biscocta, 44, Reeve. 84. — striatissima, 65, Sowd.
51. — cretacea, 46, Reeve. 85. — lata, 73, Sowerby.
52. — Adansoni, 42, Ph. 86, 87. — laminata, 71, Reeve.

53. — calculus, 43, Reeve. 88, 89. Luctnopsis undata, Pennt.

MONOGRAPH OF THE GENUS

TAPES.

Fam. Veneride.

(Taves, Megerle; Puttastra, Sowerby.)

Char. Gen. Testa eequivalvis, inequilateralis, plerumque ovali-
oblonga, plerumque concentricé plus minusve lirata. Cardo elon-
gatus, angustatus, dentibus in utrique valva tribus, compressis,
posticis et medianis duplicatis. Ligamentum elongatum. Imn-
pressiones musculares pyriformes. Impressio pallii simu profundo,
plerumque elongato.

The distinctions between these shells and those of the genus
Venus are vague and uncertain; consisting principally in the
lengthened form of outline, and in the compressed and bifid cha-
racter of the hinge-teeth. ‘The sinus in the pallial impression is
also generally deep and conformed to the length of the shell.
The external surface is generally marked by concentric ribs or
strie. The typical species, Venus pullastra, and its rock-dwelling
variety V. perforans, have been placed in separate genera (the
latter m Venerirupis, Lamarck), but are now established beyond
question as belonging to the same species; the difference of form
and surface resulting from the accidental confinement of the shell in
some small hollow preventing its full development. Zapes decussata
leads into several other species which have radiating strize or ribs ;
and these again lead into others which so nearly resemble them
as to induce me to include them, although they have crenulated
inner margins. Although some of the species are subject to
occasional confinement in small hollows of rocks, it is by no
means the general habit of the genus, as in the case of the true
Venerirupes.

Many of the large and finely coloured species of Tapes are
inhabitants of the Australasian seas, while others of less striking
development are found near the British coasts and in the Medi-
terranean.

679

Sror. 1. Ventral margin smooth within.

1. Tapes raririamna (pl. exlv. f. 3, 4,5), Lamarck (Venus),
sp. 45. Anim. sans vert. Var. Venus marmorata, Lamarck ?

T. testé crassi, ovali, tumidé, subsequilaterali, planulatim li-
rata, sulcis intermediis subdistantibus in medio subobsoletis fulva,
nigel elongatis castaneis et altcris albescentibus triradiata ;
margine dorsali livido, rufo-lineato, excavato ; margine ventrali
rotundato.

An oval tumid shell, with flat mbs divided by rather distant
grooves, which are more shallow in the middle; the colouring is
bay, with three radiating rows of distant arrow-headed spots
with white spaces under them.

Senegal.

2. Tapes PAPILIONACEA (pl. exlv. f. 1, 2), Lamarck (Venus),
Anim. sans vert.

T. test clongaté, subcompressi, planulatim lirata, posticé par-
tim levigatéi; stramined, griseo et rufo minuté maculata, maculis
castaneis magnis quatuor radiata, intus ad marginem purpureo-
maculata ; margine dorsali litcrato, posticé arcuato, elongato, de-
clivi, anticé excavato; lunula indistinct, lanccolaté; margine
ventrali posticé subtruncato, vix emarginato, antice clevato.

Long, rather flat, with flattened ridges reaching nearly to the
back ; the dorsal edge i is arched and gradually sloped at the back,
while i in front it is rather excavated than otherwise ; it 1s marked
on both sides with fine lines. The ventral margin is more swollen
in front than at the back, but turned up towards the dorsal mar-
gin. It is straw-coloured, with greyish and reddish small spots,
and four radiating rows of large squarish chestnut-coloured spots.
The immer margin is marked with purple spots.

Ceylon.

3. Tapus tirata (pl. exlv. f. 19), Philippi (Venus), Abbild.
pl. vi. f. 5.

T. test&é subrhomboided, rotundatim sulcis profundis lirata ;
pallidé rufa, fusco punctatim literat’, maculis magnis castancis
quadriradiata ; ; margine dorsali literato, utrinque rectiusculo, gra-
datim declivi, margine ventrali rectiusculo, antice paululum
elevato.

4

680

Coloured like 7. papilionacea, more ventricose and square, with
the ribs continuous, rounded and elevated.
Philippines.

4. Tapes uxarata (pl. exlv. £18), Phclippi (Venus), Ab-
bild. pl. v. f. 6.

T. testa. subquadraté, minute et profundé liraté; pallidé fulva,
palhidé rufo maculata et literaté, maculis pallidis quadriradiata ;
margine dorsali hterato, rectiusculo, paululum declivi; margine
ventrali posticé truncato, prope medium vix emarginato, anticé
elevato.

Resembling 7. divata, but shorter and more truncated, with
the riblets very minute although equally deep. The colour is
pale hiterated brown, with four pale brown interrupted rays.

Red Sea.

5. Tapes nuGzypra (pl. exlv. f. 17), Philippi (Venus), pl. vii.
foo.

T. testi subquadrata, distanter concentricé costellata; rufa,
fusco-quadriradiaté ; margine dorsali rectiusculo, posticé vix de-
clivi; margine ventrali posticé truncato, rectiusculo, anticé ele-
vato.

Of a square form resembling 7. exarata, but with the ridges
few and distant.

Locality unknown.

6. Taprs AMABILIS (pl. exlv. f. 11), Phedippi (Venus), Ab-
bild: pl. vi. f..2,

T. testa oblonga, subventricosa, planulatim sulcis profundis in-
termediis liraté; pallide rufa, griseo obscuré maculaté; margine
dorsali vix literato, posticé declivi, anticé subexcavato ; margine
ventrali subrotundato, anticé elevato, posticé rotundatim sub-
truncato.

The colour is pale pink, with obscure markings of purplish-
grey. The ribs are flat, with deep intermediate grooves. The
shell is more ventricose than 7. dirata. .

Locality unknown. <A fine specimen in Mr. Cuming’s col-
lection.

7. Tapes pectivis (pl. exlv. f. 9), Sowerby, jun.

T. testa clongato-subtrigond, subzequilatera, fulvd, griseo macu-

681.

lata et radiata, concentricé subundulatim costellis vix elevatis lira-
t&; margine dorsali literato, declivi, subplanulato, anticé brevius-
culo; lunuld elongata’; margine ventrali anticé rotundato, posticé
paululum emarginato.

Longer, less turned upwards at the ventral edges, and less tri-
gonal than 7. Malabarica, the niblets scarcely raised.

Philippines.

8. Tapes suxcosa (pl. exlv. £13, 14), Phdlippe (Venus),
Abbild. t. 7. f. 1.

T. testi subtrigona, fulva, rubescente, griseo punctata et inter-
ruptim quadriradiata, costellis concentricis magnis inzequalibus
subundulatis liraté; latere antico brevi, ate Gay latere pos-
tico obliqué truncato ; margine dorsali literato, planulato, posticd
elevato, rotundato, auticé subexcavato; margine ventrali antice
rotundato, posticé subangulato, ante angulum paululum emar-
ginato.

Of an oval trigonal form, rather short and pointed in front,
raised and truncated at the back. The ribs are broad, and in the
narrow interstices may be seen faint grey spots, in addition to
four interrupted purplish rays, more or less visible over the ribs.

Australia.

9. Tapes semrrueata (pl. cxlv. f. 12), Phelippi (Venus), Ab-
bild.t. 7. 6.

T. testa 7. swlcose simili, sed costellis ad latera et umbones
evanidis.

The ribs are only seen on the middle portion of the ventral
part of the shell, and the dorsal edge is rather straight; in other
respects this species bears a close resemblance to 7. sudcosa.

Locality unknown. In Mr. Hanley’s collection.

10. Tapes Texttxe (pl. exlvi. f. 26, 27, 28), Gmed. Chemn.
pl. 42. f. 442. Venus undulata, Did/wyn.

T. testa ovali, oblonga, crassa, leevigata, fulvd, fasciatim grises-
cente, angulatim fusco vel griseo lineat’ et reticulati; latere an-
tico brevi, subacuminato ; margine dorsali_purpureo- literato, gra-
datim eden antice innnlato.: Sinha tumidis.

Oval, rather long, smooth, of a buff-colour reticulated with
greyish-brown.

Coast of Malabar, Zam. The small variety with livid umboes

682

was collected by Mr. Strange at Brisbane, east coast of New Hol-
Jand. Mr. Cuming and Mr. Hanley have specimens. The white
variety is in Mr. Cuming’s collection, also from New Holland.

Ll. Tapus rimosa (pl. exlvi. f. 29), Phelippi (Venus), Ab-
bild to 7. 7.

T. testé ovali, oblong’, tenui, levi, prope marginem undulatim
suleati, fulvé, purpureo et fulvo lineatim reticulaté et prope
marginem radiati; latere antico brevi, subacuminato; margine
dorsali literaté, gradatim declivi; lunuld lanceolaté; umbonibus
parvis.

Shaped like 7. ¢ewéedis, but thinner and rather less ventricose ;
near the margin there are distinct sulci, not quite parallel with it.
The markings are rather more purple, and towards the edge in-
clined to radiate.

The specimen in Mr. Cuming’s collection is from China.

12. Tapus potrra (pl. exlv. f.15, 16), Sowerby, jun.

T’. testé ovali, ventricosa, levigati, prope marginem ventralem
leviter vix sulcatéi; fulva, rubescente, rufo-grisescente literatim
obscuré maculaté; latere postico subtruncato ; latere antico sub-
acuminato, breviusculo; margine dorsali literato, gradatim de-
clivi, anticé lunulato ; umbonibus castaneo-unimaculatis ; margine
ventrali subrotundato, anticé ascendente.

A pretty, polished, rather small, oval, ventricose shell, similar
in form to 7. sudcosa, of a reddish fawn-colour, obscurely marked
with a dull reddish-grey ; near the ventral margin are two or three
very slight riblets, and the wmboes have a little mark of reddish-
brown at the apex. Inside orange under the umboes and marked
with grey near the margin.

A single specimen of this interesting shell is in Mr. Cuming’s
collection ; it was found by Mr. Strange, in mud, at a depth of six
fathoms, near Sydney.

13. Tapes Mavaparica (pl. exlv. f. 6, 7, 8), Chemn. (Venus),
Conch. vol. vi. t. 81. f. 324, 825. T. rhombifera, Bruguiere.

T. testé subtrigond, subeequilaterali, fulva, griseo maculata et
radiata, concentricé subundulatim costellis rotundatis lirata ; mar-
gine dorsali literato, declivi, posticé subcomplanato, anticé ex-
cavato; margine ventrali rotundato, postice emarginato, utrinque
elevato ; umbonibus elevatis.

683

Rather trigonal, with the hinder side not much longer than
the front, the concentric ridges slightly undulating, raised and
rounded; the dorsal margin very sloping, flat and lettered; the
ventral margin rounded, slightly bent wards at the back, and
raised towards the front extremity, which is rather pointed. One
variety has grey markings, rayed and zigzag; the other is of a
pale fawn-colour, in which these markings are very pale or slightly
visible.

Moluccas.

14. Tapus stnvosa (pl. exlv. f. 10), Lamarck (Venus), Anim.
sans vert. no. 72.

T. testa subtrigond, subsequilaterali, fulva, rufo pallidé radiatim
lineaté et subpunctati, concentricé costellis numerosis laminatis
erectis lirata, posticé angulaté ; margine dorsali dectivi, validé ex-
cavato ; margine ventrali posticé sinuato.

With the form of 7. rhombifera, this species has the nblets
raised and laminar, and the ventral margin exhibits a bend similar
to that in Zedlina.

Australia.

15. Tapus prncuts (pl cxlvi. f. 20, 21, 22, 23), Chemn. vol.
vi. pl. 34. £.355, 356, 357. Var. Venus nebulosa, Chemn. f. 359,
360. Venus opima, Gre.

T. testa crassi, ventricosi, levigaté, subovali, brevi; fulva
griseo nebulataé, vel alba fulvo nebulata, vel pallidé carneo undu-
latim picti; umbonibus magnis; margine dorsali postice declivi,
anticé subexcavato; latere postico subtruncato; latere anticée
brevi, rotundato; margine ventrali rotundato.

A remarkably tumid and thick shell, with large umboes, va-
riously painted.

Ceylon and ‘Tranquebar.

16. Tapns Crytonensts (pl. exlvi. f. 24, 25), Sowerby, jun.

T. testa ovali, oblonga, crassa, leevigati, ventricosd, fulva, pal-
hidé viridi fasciaté, minuté fulvo-marmorati, nonnunquam griseo
radiaté ; margine dorsali livido, antice distincté lunulato ; latere
antico brevi; latere postico subtruncato ; margine ventrali subro-
tundato.

Resembling 7. pinguis, but much longer and less ventricose.

Ceylon. In Mr. Cuming’s cabinet.

684

17. Tapes TurGIDa (pl. exlvn. f. 53, 54), Lamarck (Venus),
Anim. sans vert. no. 39. var. Venus rufa, Zam.no. 30. Venus
ovulea, Lam. No. 59. V. dorsata, Lam. no. 31.

T. testé ovali, subquadraté, ventricos’, costellis concentricis
validis posticé laminatis liraté, radiatim minute striata; fulva,
rufescente, maculis fuscis radiata, intus roseo tinct’; latere antico
brevi, rotundato ; latere postico lato, angulato, truncato; margine
dorsali posticé elevato, anticé lunulato et literato; margine ven-
trali rectiusculo.

Very ventricose and angular at the back, with fine radiating
striz over distinct concentric ridges, which are laminated at the
hinder side. The colour is reddish-fawn, more or less obscurely
lettered and rayed with large dark brown spots; a pinkish tint
within. A variety occurs nearly white and spotless.

Australia.

18. Tapes trrerata (pl. exlvi. f. 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49),
Chemn. (Venus), t. 41. £.432-3-4. var. Venus punctata, Chemn.
t. 41. f. 486, 437. var. Venus nocturna, Chemn. t. 41. f. 435.
V. punctifera, Lamarck, no. 38.

T. testi magna, subcompressa, concentrice minuté subundulatim
liraté; fulvé vel alba, varie picté; latere antico brevi, subacumi-
nato ; latere postico elongato, lato, subangulato, subtruncato ; mar-
gine dorsali postice elongato, rectiusculo, depresso, angustato, anticé
lanceolatim lunulato, declivi ; margine ventrali posticée subarcuato.

This large well- known species is : variously marked with angular
lines, broad patches, or spots of brown.

Australia.

19. Tapes aspersa (pl. exlvn. f. 52), Lamarck (Venus),
Anim. sans vert. no. 37, 'T. litterata, var. Dillwyn.

T. test’ magni, subcompressa, concentricé subundulatim sulcis
distantibus liratd, fulvi, griseo obscure literati, vel nigro-puncta-
ta, maculis magnis nigrescentibus et albis alternatim quadrira-
diataé; latere antico brevi, subacuminato, declivi; latere postico
subdeclivi, elongato, lato, subtruncato; area dorsali angulatim
excavati; margine ventrali paululum arcuata.

The regular rays of black spots on whitish ground, and the
much greater breadth of the ribs, may be considered as distinguish-
ing this species from 7! aspersa. The latter character is the most
important.

Philippines, Cuming.

685

20. Tarzs Betcnert (pl. exlvu. f. 50, 51), Sowerby, jun.

T. testa ovali, subcompressd, concentricé leviter sulcata, pallidé
fulva, griseo literaté et maculis nigrescentibus triradiaté; mar-
gine dorsali literato, subarcuato ; latere antico brevi; lunulé pur-
pureo-lineata.

Formed like 7. pullastra or T. virginea, of a sandy colour, let-
tered and radiated with grey, and very remarkable for the bright
purple lines on the lunule.

Locality unknown. Specimen in Mr. Hanley’s collection ;
brought by Captain Belcher.

21. Tapes sutcarta (pl. ecxlvi. f. 30, 31, 32), Lamarck
(Venus), Anim. sans vert. No. 41.

T. test’ oblonga, subquadrati, flavidi seu aurantid seu fulvo-
violascente, fulvo literaté et radiaté, planulatim sulcis postice
evanidis liraté; latere antico brevissimo, declivi; latere postico
elongato, truncato, angulato ; margine dorsali depresso, rectiusculo,
anticé lunulato, declivi; marge ventrali paululum arcuato.

Oblong, with the anterior side short and sloping, the posterior
side angulated, long, and obliquely truncated ; the sulci between
the flattened ribs nearly disappear towards the hinder angle, where
the shell is nearly smooth.

Moluccas.

22. Tapes Desnayesi (pl. exlvi. f. 34, 35, 36, 37, 38),
Hanley (Venus), Sp. of Sh. Appen. Suppl. pl. xvi. f. 35.

T. testa 7. sudcari@ simili, sed minore, posticé vix angulata,
sulcis continuis, posticé gradiformibus.

Smaller and less angular than 7. swdcaria, with the sulci con-
tinuous, and at the hinder part of the shell producing step-like
ribs. In the typical variety the markings consist of lettering,
with two broad bands of darker tint, edged by white and yellow
rays, with dark spots. We figure several other varieties.

Philippines.

23. Tapes RECENS (pl. cxlvin. f. 62, 638, 64, 65, 66), Chemn.
(Venus), Conch. pl. 202, f. 1979. Venus radiata, Chemn. pl. 201,
£1971, 1972, 1973.

T. test& obliqué subtrigond seu ovali, alba, griseo varié picta,
levigaté, ad latera sulcaté, umbonibus prominentibus; latere
postico elongato, plus minusve acuminato ; latere antico rotundato ;

686

margine dorsali utrinque excavato, declivi, margine ventrali sub-
rotundato.

Rather oblique in form, thick and ribbed at the sides ; figure 66,
approaching nearest to the figure of Chemnitz, may be considered
the representative of this very variable species.

China.

24. Tapes LaTeRisutca (pl. exlvin. f. 67 to 76), Lamarck,
(Venus), Anim. sans vert. No. 60.

T. testd obliqué subtrigond seu ovali, varie picti, levigati, ad
latera sulcati, umbonibus tumidis ; latere postico elongato, plus
minusve truncato ; margine dorsali utrinque excavato, declivi.

This species is equally variable in form and colowing with
T. recens, from which it may perhaps be separated by the prevail-
ing breadth and squareness of the hinder portion contrasted with
the acumination of 7. recens. In both a portion of the hinder
part of the shell is smooth, the sulci having the appearance of
being as it were rubbed out.

Philippines. Cuming.

25. Tapes CATENIFERA, (pl. cxlix. f. 106, 107, 107%),
Lamarck, (Venus), Anim. sans vert. No. 70.

T. “testé ovata, transversim sulcaté, albidd, radiis quatuor
fuscis catenulatis ornaté ; ano impresso, subcordato.”

The four chain-like rays marking our principal variety of this
shell may serve to identify the species, and the above description
is pretty accurate as far as it goes. I may observe that the sulci
are a little lost sight of near the ventral margin at the posterior
part of the shell.

Locality unknown. In Mr. Cuming’s and other cabinets.

26. Tapes FLAMMICULATA (pl. exlvii. f. 56-61), Lamarck
(Venus), Anim. sans vert. No. 77. Var. Venus hiantina, Zam.
No. 32. Venus carneola, Lam. No. 65? Vz. callypiga, Lam.
No. 61. (non Born.)

T. testa obliqué subquadratd, tumidd, fulva vel aurantia vel
alba, varie picta, concentricé undulatim sulcaté, radiatim tenuiter
striata, posticé subtruncati, angulati; margine dorsali declivi,
utrinque subexcavato; margine ventrali subarcuato.

A very variable, tumid, angular species, with wave-like con-
centric ridges.

Australia.

6387

27. Tapes rimurarts (pl. exlvii. f. 55), Lamarck (Venus),
Anim. sans vert. no. 74.

T. testa 7. flammiculate simih, sed magis angulata, suleis prepe
angulum magnis, irregularibus, colore fulvo- grisescente.

Shorter and more angular than 7! ‘flammiculata, with the sulci
much more gross and irregular. Of a dull greyish fawn-colour.

New Holland.
28. Tapes TENUISTRIATA (pl. exlvii. f. 78, 79), Sowerby, pun.

T. testé 7. flammiculate simili, sed tenui, vix angulata, magis
compressa, sulcis numerosis, parvis ; margine dorsali vix depresses ;
colore fulvo-violascente, albo- biradiato ; Tanul cordata, colorata.

Like 7. flammiculata, but thin, scarcely angulated, more com-
pressed, with the sulci more fine and numerous. The dorsal mar-
gin is scarcely depressed ; the colour rather purplish-fawn, with
two white rays. ‘The lunule is darkly coloured.

Locality unknown. There is a large specimen in Mr. Cuming’s
collection, and a small one in Mr. Sowerby’ S:

29. Tapes Luzontca (pl. exlix. f. 100, 101), Sowerby, jun.

T. testa ovali, concentricé costellis numerosis rotundatis lirata ;
rufa vel grisea, radiatim fusco maculaté et variegatd ; lunuld dis-
tinct’é ; margine dorsali lividA; margine ventrali subrotundato.

egularly oval, with numerous rounded riblets, of a specklec

Regularly oval, witl led riblets, of a speckled
reddish or greyish colour, radiated and variegated with brown
spots.

Puteo, island of Luzon, Philippines. Cuming.

30. Taps incerta (pl. exlvin. f. 77), Sowerby, jun.

T. testa subtrigona, costellis numerosis rotundatis liraté, crass,
posticé angulata, subacuminati, anticé brevi; fulva, griseo radia-
tim maculata, posticé aurantia ; margine dorsali declivi, utrinque
livido ; margine ventrali paululum arcuato.

A more regularly formed shell than 7. flammiculata, more
acuminated at the back, and the coste more regular and rounded.

Locality unknown. The specimen is Mr. He anley’s.

31. Taprs perpLexa (pl. exlvii. f. 80), Sowerby, jun.

T. testi obliqué subtrigond, costellis rotundatis numerosis
hrata, posticé subangulata et subtruncati, antice brevissimaé ; fulvii
4.u

688

rubescente-albo sparsim maculata, maculis fuscis parvis quadri-
radiat& ; margine dorsali declivi, livido. margine ventrali subrotun-
dato ; iunulé distincta ; wmnbonibus lividis,

Something hike 7. incerta, but more oblique and more de-
pressed. The hinder part is less angular, but more truncated.
The four rays, composed of small square spots, are remarkable,
and the umboes are purplish.

Locality unknown. In Mr. Sowerby’s collection.

_ 32. Tapes rrortpa (pl. exlix. f. 112, 113), Lamarck
(Venus), Anim. sans vert. no. 66. Var. V. intuspuncta, P/z-
Lippi, Abbild. t. v. £. 7?

T. test& ovali, tenui, concentricé striati, varie pictd, intus
aurea ; latere antico breviusculo, subacuminato ; latere postico
subexpanso, vix truncato.

Not so distinctly g rooved nor so much truncated at the back as
T. texturata. It is “variously marked, but the largest markings
are principally at the back.

Mediterranean.

33. Tapes FLORIDELLA (pl. exlix. f. 96, 97, 98, 99, et test.
jun. f. 105), Lamared: (Venus), Anim. sans vert. no. 69. Venus
bicolor, Lam. no. 65. Venus pulchella, Lam. no. 71.

T. testi ovali, utrinque acuminatd, concentricé striata, varié
picta, intus aureo et purpureo tinct’; latere antico brevi, acumi-
nato ; lunula plerumque livida vel fuscd ; latere postico obliqué
subtruncato.

After examining a great number of specimens, I conclude to
separate this species from 7. florida, on account of the greater
acumination of the extremities. The colouring is equally variable.

Mediterranean ?

34. Tapus arenosa (pl. exlvi. f. 33, copied), Phelippi,
Abbild. Venus, pl. vu. f. 6.

T. “ testd ovato-oblonga, transversim striata, lneisque radianti-
bus obsoletis decussatad, albida, lineolis angustis rufis angulato-
flexuosis picté ; extremitate postici sensim attenuata, subrostrata ;
lunula lanceolata, violaceo-lineatd ; ared angustd, profundata, vix
distinct.”

From the figure and description as here copied, I am partly
inclined to think this may be a variety of 7! florida.

Locality unknown.

689

35. Tapes pwraina (pl. exlix. f. 104), Lamarck (Venus),
Anim. sans vert. no. 67. Venus Beudanti, Pay. Cat. pl.
f. 32.

T. testd ovali-oblongd, concentricé minutissime striata, sub-
compressa, utrinque acuminata, rufa, versus umbones violascente,
albo-biradiata ; latere antico breviusculo ; lunuld indistincta.

Flatter, more acuminated (particularly at the hinder end), and
much more finely striated, than 7. floridedia. The colour is a de-
licate pinkish-fawn, minutely spotted, and gradually becoming
purple towards the apex, from which radiate two white lines,
dividing the surface into three parts.

Probably European.
36. Tapes acuminata (pl. exlix. f. 105), Sowerby, jun.

T. testa 7. floridedle simili, sed levigata ; fulva, inaculis fuscis
punctata et radiata.

Exactly like 7. floridella in form, but quite smooth.—Ods.
Since sending this to the composer I have, on further considera-
tion, concluded that this is but the young of 7. floridedla, which,
like that of 7 virginea and T. geographica, is always smooth.

37. Tapes Hanunyt (pl. exlix. f. 102, 103), Sowerby, jun.

T. test& parva, subtrigon’, concentricé striaté, purpurascente-
albo et maculis fuscis biradiaté, inttis purpurea, utrinque subacu-
minata, posticé subelongatd ; lunulé impress’; dente cardinali an-
tico magno.

A small purplish shell, with very fine concentric strive, radiated
with bands of white, interrupted by little linear spots on each side.
The upper margins are slopimg and the terminations rather
pointed ; the hinder side is about twice as long as the front.

Rio Janeiro. The specimen is in Mr. Hanley’s collection.

38. Tapes aurna (pl. exlix. f. 108, 109, 110), Gme/. (Venus).
Venus nebulosa, Pulteney. Venus enea, Venus nitens, Venus
sinuata, Turton, Dyth. Brit. Venus vermiculosa, Lamarck, no. 716.

T. testé ovali-subcordataé, creberrime sulcatd, utrinque subacu-
minata, falva, fusco varié subreticulati, intis aured; margine
dorsali subangulato, declivi, anticé brevi, lunulato; margine ven-
trali post medium arcuato.

Oval, inclining to cordate, closely and evenly grooved; sides
sloping and both terminations rather pointed. The ventral edge
has a peculiar swell behind the centre, by which this specics may

690

be easily distinguished from others. The inside is generally bright
orange, from which, however, a variety (V. vermiculosa, Lam.)
from Sardinia is exempt.

Great Britain and the Mediterranean and Northern seas.

39. Tapes rexrurata (pl. exlix. f. 111), Lamarck (Venus)
Anim. sans vert. no. 43.

T. testa ovali-subcordati, subplanulatim crebre sulcata, wtrinque
subacuminata, fulva, rufo-reticulata, inttis aurea; margine dorsali
subangulato, declivi, anticé brevi, lunulato; margine ventrali
paululum rotundato.

The ventral margin has not the same sudden swell that charac-
terizes that of 7. aurea, and the sulci are rather more distant and
less rounded, particularly at the back part of the shell; in other
respects it is difficult to distinguish this species, except by its
markings, which are peculiar, consisting of reddish-brown reticu-
lations. It may nevertheless be regarded as distinct.

Indian Ocean, Lamarck. In Hanley’s and Cuming’s collections.

40. Tapus virernea (pl. cxlx. f.$1, 82, 83, 84, test. jun. f.
92), Linn. (Venus), Syst. Nat. ed. 13. p. 1136. Venus rhomboides,
Pennant. Cuneus fasciatus, Da Costa. Venus Sarniensis, Turton.
Venus virago, Loven. ‘Tellina elliptica, Brown.

T. test& ovali-oblonga, subcompressd, albd, roseo tincta et fas-
ciati, vel fulvd, intus roseo timeta, sulcis ad latera subdistantibus
subplanulatis liraté; latere postico clongato, obtuse subtruncato ;
latere antico brevi rotundato ; margine dorsali rectiusculo, paulu-
lum depresso ; lunulé elongata, impressa, declivi.

Of an oblong oval form, rather compressed, with grooves which
are rather more distant and strong at the sides than im the middle.
The ventral and dorsal margins are both rather straight; the an-
terior end short and rounded, the posterior obtusely truncated.
The prevailing colour is pinkish-white, with rays of brighter pink
and a rose tint inside. The very young shell is smooth.

North Sea, shores of Great Britain, and the Mediterranean.

41. Tapers Cuminert (pl. cl. £128), Sowerby, jun.

T. test elongata, compress4, grisescente, fusco posticé virgulata,
antice interruptim radiata, postice elongata, gradatim angustata,
ad terminum acuminata, auticé brevi, rotundata, paululum ascen-
dente, omnino minute divaricatim striata.

This shell is remarkable in form and sculpture, being some-
what of an elongate rhomboid, but tapering to almost a point at

691

the hinder part; the surface is marked by diverging short strize

in the direction from top to bottom; the marking consists of dull

greyish rays in front and twig-like touches at the back.
Philippines. Cuming.

42. Taps corrueata (pl. cl. f. 121, 122), Gmel. (Venus).
Venus obsoleta, Chemn. vol. vii. pl. 42. f. 444.

T. testa ovali, compressd, sordidé alba, inthis purpureo tincta, un-
} < 3: +} 2 ] in
i Gi A A
dulatim rugosa, posticé subangulata, elongata, obtuse subtruncata,
post angulum rugis magnis lirati; anticé brevi, subrotundata.
Rather flat, of a slightly angulated form, nearly white, purple
within near the posterior margin and on the hinge; with the ex-
ternal surface corrugated by broken, undulating riblets, which are
. 5 . . Z . 5 2
strongest behind the shght oblique posterior angle.
Mediterranean.

43. Tapes pacryLorpes (pl. cl. f. 129), Sowerby, jun.

T. testa 7. corrugate simili, sed multo magis ventricosi, magis
elongata et cylindrica, rugis magis disruptis.

Not so flat nor so broad, but more cylindrical and longer than
T. corrugata, with the rugosities more broken up.

Locality unknown. Specimen in M. Gubba’s collection.

44, Tapus pisrupta (pl. exlix. f. 95), Sowerby, gun.

T. testa 7. corrugate simili, sed rugis posticé laminatis, magnis,
anticé valdé disruptis; margine dorsali elevato, recto; testa
colore varié picta.

Not so oval, but still much like 7. corrugata ; the hinder part
has the ridges large and laminated, the front part shows them as
it were broken up and distorted; the shell is prettily coloured,
especially at the beaks and within.

Mediterranean ?

45. Tapes opaca (pl. cl. f. 123), Sowerby (Venus), Zool.
Proc. 1835, p. 42.

T. “testa oblong, subquadrata, subturgida, levi, opaci, albida,
pallidissimé purpurascente ; latere antico breviore, rotundato, con-
centricé ruguloso, postico subrotundato, supra infraqne subangu-
lato; margine interno integerrimo ; ligamento permagno.”’

Oblong, large, squarish, moderately ventricose; the front side
the shorter, with equidistant raised concentric lines reaching over
the third part of the shell, the rest bemg smooth.

Chil; sandy mud at low water. Cuming.

692

46. Tarps maxima (pl. cl. £127), PAcdippi (Venus), Ab-
bildot/6, fo,

T. testa magni, ventricosa, pallidé fulva, ovali-subquadrata, in-
tis alba, pallidé purpureo tincté, concentrice costellis numerosis
crebris, posticé subelevatis majoribus liraté; ligamento magno.

This large shell is of a squarish-oval form, white inside, pale
fawn outside. The riblets are rather coarser at the back. It dif-
fers from 7. epaca inasmuch as its whole surface is concentrically
striated or ribbed, and it is more ventricose.

Locality unknown.

47. Tapes trrnorpea (pl. cl. f. 126), Jowas (Venus), Philippi,
Abbild. Venus, t. 4. f. 1.

T. testa alba, 7. opace simili, sed omnino leevigata.

Like 7. opaca, but smaller, and without the raised lines which
characterize the anterior portion of that species.

Copaipo, Cli. Jonas.

48. Tapes purpurata (pl. el. f. 124, 125), Sowerby, jun.

T. testa ovali, subcompressa, albf, intts purpurea, irregulariter
et subundulatim concentricé costellata; latere postico longiore,
obtuse subtruncato ; latere antico brevi, rotundato.

Like 7. maxima, but of much smaller growth, and more oval.
The inside is of a very deep purple colour.

Kurachee, mouth of the Indus.

49. Taprs inTerMeEpiA (pl. cxlvi. f. 39, 40), Quoy, Astrol.
t. 84. f.5, 6. Venus ignobilis, duéon, Philippi, Abbild. t. 6. f. 2.

T. testa ovali-subquadraté, pallidé fulva, minutissimé radiatim
striati, concentricé costellis irregularibus subundulatis, postice
sublaminatis, ad angulum complanatis liraté; latere postico lon-
giore, angulato, oblique truncato, anticé brevi, superné declivi.
Var. testa parva, subrotundata.

Of an oval subquadrate form, very mimutely and radiately
striated, with concentric, rather undulating riblets, which are
rather laminated behind the posterior angle and peculiarly flat-
tened near it.

New Zealand.

50. Tapes Grocrapnica (pl. exlix. f. 87 to 91), Chemnitz,
vol. vi. pl. 42. f. 440. Var. Venus glandina ?

T. testa elongata, subangulata, minute decussata, pallide fulva,

693

posticé brunned, omnino lineis fuscis lterataé, seu varie pictai seu
alb’; posticé elongata, recti, truncat’, oblique angulati, post an-
gulum liraté, antice brevi, rotundata.

More lengthened and much more finely striated in both direc-
tions than 7. pu/lastra, with the hinge margin straight, and the
ventral margin a little turned upwards at the truncated posterior
extremity. The young is often quite smooth, and it is then /.
glandina of some authors.

Mediterranean.

51. Tapes puttastra (pl. exlix. f. $5, 86), Wood (Venus),
General Conchology. Venus perforans, Mont. Test. Brit. p. 127.
pl.3. f.6. Venus Senegalensis, Did/wyn. Venecrirupis perforans,
Lamarck. Venerirupis nucleus, Lam. Venus palustris, Mawe.
Pullastra vulgaris, Sowerby. Venus plagia, Jeffreys.

T. testa rhomboidea, concentricé crebré suleata, radiatim minu-
tissimé striata, pallidé fulva, fulvo-rubescente pallidé maculata,
nonnunquam intts posticé purpurati, rugis posticis plus minusve
undulata; latere antico brevi, vix angulato; latere postico elon-
gato, subtruncato; margine dorsali posticé recto, anticé indis-
tincté lunulato, declivi; margine ventrali vix arcuato.

This species is subject to great variation, in consequence of the
different conditions im which it exists. When confined in holes of
rocks it becomes more oblong and irregular, with the rugosities
at the hinder extremity more marked; it is then the Venus
perforans of authors. When freely grown it is rhomboidal, pretty
full, truncated and long at the hinder part, rounded and short at
the front; the sculpture consists of concentric, slightly waved
strie, which are rugose and thick at the back, crossed by much
finer radiating striz.

Great Brita and northwards.

52. Tapes pecussata (pl. cl. f. 115, 115*), Linnaeus
(Venus), Syst. Nat. p.1135. Venus florida, Poli, Test. Sicil.
pl. xxi. f. 16, 17. Venerirupis decussata, Mem. Pullastra de-
cussata, Brown.

T. testé ovali, subrhomboided, strus et rugis concentricis et
sulcis radiatis decussata, fulvi, fusco et griseo varie pict; latere
postico oblongo, rugis conspicuis, subtruncato; latere antico
brevi, subrotundato.

This well-known shell is of an oblong squarish form, rather
long, straight, and truncated behind, short in front, with the

694:

upper edge sloping ; the external surface is coarsely decussated,
the concentric ridges being rather larger at the extremities.
British Islands, Mediterranean Sea, and Senegal in Africa.

53. Taprs penticunata (pl. cl. f. 114), Sowerby, jun.

T. testa ovali-subrhomboided, alta, ventricosi, pallidé fulva,
griseo obscuré maculata et radiata, sulcis radiantibus ineequalibus,
medio alternatis, et costellis numerosis concentricis ad latus pos-
ticum denticulatis decussaté; latere antico subrotundato, brevi;
lunula ovali, griseo-literata ; latere postico oblongo, obliqué
truncato; margine dorsali depresso, recto, laminato, subdeclivi,
grisco-literato ; margine ventrali subrotundato.

A deeper and much coarser shell than 7. decussata, with a
more rounded ventral margin, the riblets denticulated at the back
part of the shell, and the radiating grooves unequal and subdi-
vided im the middle. ‘The lunule is of an oval form, speckled
with grey.

Locality unknown. In Mr. Cuming’s collection.

54. Tapes Puiripprnarum (pl. chi. f. 139, 140, 141), 2.
Adams (Venus), Zool. Voy. Samarang, Mollusca, p. 79. pl. 22.
f. 10.

T. “testa oblongo-ovata, anticé truncata, fulva, fusco variegata,
obscuré radiata, radiatim liraté, liris numerosis, subundulatis, ad
latera decussatim nodulosis ; intus partim violaced.”

Formed like 7. /ndica, but with the apex nearly terminal, so
as to give the front part of the shell a truncated appearance ; the
radiating grooves are unequal, some of them angulated and flat-
tened. The area of the dorsal margin is angularly excavated and
the lunule small.

Philippine Archipelago. A. Adams.

55. Tapus Inpica (pl. chi. f. 146, 147), Hanley, MS.

T. test subrhomboided, fulva, fusco maculatim radiata, intus
aurantid ; sulcis acutis, numerosis, ineequalibus, radiatis, et cos-
tellis concentricis, ad latera elevatis, et posticé costellis radiatis,
angulatis, serratis, decussata ; latere postico oblongo, subtruncato ;
margine dorsali subdeclivi, depresso, literato; latere antico brevi,
dechivi; lunulé magna, oval, griseo-literaté; margine ventrali
paululum arcuato.

Indian Seas. Mr. Cuming brought specimens from the Phi-
lippines.

695

56. Tapes gupstriata (pl. cl. f. 116, 117), Montagu
(Venus), Test. Brit. Suppl. p. 48. pl. 29. f. 6.

T. testa subquadrati, parva, sinuata, alba, striis tenuissimis
concentricis et costellis minutis equalibus decussaté; latere an-
tico brevissimo, umbonibus subterminalibus; margine dorsali
recto, ascendente ; latere postico truncato.

Of a square form, white, and of irregular growth, decussated
with very minute concentric and rather more distinct raised and
equal radiating strie ; the square form results from the terminal
position of the umboes, the straight dorsal edge, and the trun-
cated hinder side of the shell. It has been passed over as a
variety of 7. decussata of confined growth, but the equality of
the sculpture as well as the form forbid my adopting the same
conclusion.

Great Britain.

57. Tarzs Lasonxarit (pl. el. f. 120), Payr. (Venus), Cat.
Cor. pl. 10. f. 11, 12.

T. testa 7. sinuose simili, sed striis majoribus, medio subde-
presso, margine dorsali haud tantum elevato.

T am doubtful about the characters of this species as distin-
guishing it from 7. sinuosa ; but having seen a number of speci-
mens of both, and finding the slight differences well preserved in
all, I venture to admit them. They are, the depression in the
middle of the shell, the less elevation of the dorsal margin, and
the coarser character of the sculpture in 7. Lajonkarii, which is
also usually coloured with yellowish-brown.

Corsica.

58. Tapes susquapRata (pl. cl. f. 119), Sowerby, jun.

T. testa pallidé fulva, parva, compress4, subquadrata, minutis-
simé radiatim et concentricé striata, anticé brevi, subrotundata,
posticé subquadrata.

This little shell is flatter, more regular, and less square than 7.
sinuosa; it has a slight depression in the middle of the shell from
the apex. The umboes are not so nearly terminal.

Locality unknown. In Mr. Hanley’s collection.

On re-examination T am inclined to think this only a young
specimen of 7. Lajonkarii.

59. Tapes Gaxacrires (pl. ch. f. 132), Lamarck (Venus),
Anim. sans vert. no. 52.
4x

696

T’. test. oblonga, ovali, albd, radiatim ineequaliter sulcata; la-
tere postico elongato, obliqué subangulato, truncato; margine
dorsali recto, angulatim depresso ; latere antico brevi, angustato ;
margine ventrali posticé subrotundato, anticé ascendente.

White, long, obliquely rhomboidal, with unequal radiating
sulci: our specimen is narrow at the front, and broader behind,
where the ventral margin swells a little.

New Holland.

60. Tapes Brucurmrt (pl. cl. f. 1380, 181), Hanley (Venus),
Sp. of Shells, Appen. Suppl. pl. 16. f. 16.

T. test& oblongd, subrhomboidea, fulva, grisescente, ad um-
bones violacea vel fulva, albo-biradiaté, maculis fuscis biradiata,
radiatim ad latera serratim costellaté, in medio planulatim sul-
cati; latere antico brevi; latere postico oblongo, oblique suban-
gulato, truncato ; margine dorsali et margine ventrali rectis.

This is ike 7. galactites, but is less oblique, and the radiating
sulci are flat, presenting angulated edges. ‘

Ceylon. Dr. Sibbald.

61. Tapes varincara (pl. ch. f. 133-138), Hanley.

T. testa ovali, aureo, fusco, et violaceo varie pict’; costellis ra-
diantibus minutis et strus concentricis minutissimis decussata ;
margine ventrali arcuato.

More oval than either of the two preceding, decussated and
variously painted with tints of orange, violet, and brown, and
markings of the latter.

Philippines. Cuming.

Srcr. 2. Ventral margin denticulated within.

62. Tapes Dompett (pl. cl. f. 118), Lamarck (Venus), Anim.
sans vert. no. 21. Venus Chilensis, Sowerby, Pro. Zool. Soc.

1835, p. 41.

T. testa ovali-subrotundaté, magna, crassi, pallida, fusco varie
pict; costellis radiantibus, medianis planulatis, lateralibus cre-
nulatis, et liris concentricis medio evanidis decussati; lunuld
tumida; margine ventrali crenulato.

A large, nearly rounded shell, with flattened radiating nbs,
which are decussated (principally at the sides) by concentric
ridges; the lunule is tumid.

Valparaiso Bay. Cuming.

697

63. Tapes crassicosra (pl. exlix. f. 93), @uoy (Venus),
Voy. Ast. Moll. pl. 84. £1, 2. V. costata, Gray?

T. testa ovali-subquadrati, crassi, albi, intus posticé violacei,
planulatim laté radiatim costata, costis posticis elevatis subrugo-
sis, antice costellis reflexis subundulatis decussatis ; margine in-
tus minuté crenulato.

Of a rhomboidal form, rather deep, thick, and rounded ; with
broad radiating ribs, which are raised at the posterior part of the
shell and intersected at the front by undulating concentric ribs,
which do not quite reach to the middle.

Otago, New Zealand.
64. Tapes tumipa (pl. exlvi. f. 42), Sowerby, jun.

T. test& subrotundaté, ventricos’, crass, pallida, posticé rufo
sparsim maculata, radiatim costati, costellis numerosis, anticis
duplicatis, anticé concentricé leviter striata; umbonibus tumidis ;
margine ventrali intiis minute denticulato.

A tumid, nearly white shell, with small radiating ribs, which,
in the front part of the shell, are duplicate, and crossed by faint
concentric striz.

Columbia. In Mr. Hanley’s collection.

65. Tapes piversa (pl. exlvi. f. 41), Sowerby, jun.

T. testa crassi, cretaced, rhomboided, ventricosa, anticé rotun-
data, posticé truncata, radiatim costatd; costellis posticé et medio
ineequalibus, subserratis, acutis, anticé costellis concentricis un-
dulatis decussatis ; lunulé linea impressa circumscripté; margine
dorsali declivi; margine ventrali denticulato ; ligamento magno.

Large, chalky-white, truncated at the back, rounded in front,
with radiating ribs, which at the back and middle of the shell
are sharp, unequal, and denticulated; in front are crossed by
rather distant concentric undulating ridges. The ligament is
large; the ventral margin crenulated within.

Monterey, California. Mr. Hartweg.

66. Taves TessELLATA (pl. chi. f. 142, 143), 4. Adams
(Venus), Voy. Samarang, p. 79. pl. 22. f. 11.

T. “test’i oblongo-ovata, anticé truncata, crasstuscula, fusco
alboque strigat&é et tessellata, radiatim multiliraté, transversim
tenuissimeé striaté; lunulad lanceolata, ovata.”

The specimen of this shell in Mr. Cuming’s collection is of a

698

dark purple colour inside, and has crenulations on the inner part
of the ventral margin.

Philppimes.
67. Targs Lima (pl. cli. f. 144), Sowerby, jun.

T. testa ovali, subquadrata, pallidi, fusco sparsim variegati,
radiatim costata, costis rotundatis, serratis, concentrice liata,
liris super costas acuminatis; margine dorsali fulvo-lineato, pau-
lulum declivi, anticé validé declivi; lunuld impressd, fulva; mar-
gine ventrali rotundato, intus crenulato.

The strong, rounded, radiating ribs are crossed by raised lines,
which are produced upon them into points.

New Zealand. Specimens in Mr. Cuming’s collection.

68. Tarss piscors (pl. cli. f. 148, 149, 150), Sowerby
(Venus), Zool. Proc. 1835, p. 42.

T. “ testa obovali, crassiuscula, radiatim confertim striata, anticé
rugis decussati, alba, fusco-nigricante instrati, coloribus valve
alteree diversimodo ordinatis; linea dorsali elevatiusculé ; intus
alba, posticé violaceo tincté; margine ventrali crenulato.”

Formed like 7. decussata, but more oval, and the ventral mar-
gin crenulated within. The dorsal edge is slightly slopmg and
one valve overlaps the other; at the end it is angular. The ra-
diating ribs are denticulated at the back of the shell, rather sharp-
edged and laterally flattened in the middle, and traversed by cre-
nulated raised concentric lines in the front. The markings of
dark brown colour always differ in the two valves.

St. Elena, South America, and Guacomayo, Central America ;
in sandy mud, at six to nine fathoms. Cuming.

62. Tapes Fusco-LInEata (pl. cli. f. 145), Sowerby (Venus),
Zool. Proc. 1835, p. 41.

T. testa 7. discord: simili, sed fusco angulatim lineata.

It is not easy to see any difference between this species and
T. discors, except in the character of the marking, which is cer-
tainly peculiar, and seems to be constant, consisting of beauti-
fully arranged angular lines of dark brown.

Guacomayo, Central America; in sandy mud, at thirteen fa-
thoms. Cuming.

699

70. Tarrs TRicotor (pl. cli. f. 153), Sowerby (Venus), Zool.
Proc. 1835, p. 41.

T. “testé ovato-elliptica, crassiuscula, radiatim costellata, cos-
tellis decussatis ; maculis interruptis, fuscis, irregularibus, radia-
tim dispositis; margine dorsali medio subangulato; impressione
cordiformi, antici parva; intus violaced; margine ventrali denti-
culato.”

More rounded and short than 7. discors, with the colour beau-
tifully arranged in irregular rays of angular spots edged with dark
brown. I feel doubtful, however, as to the propriety of admitting
this species as distinct from 7. discors.

Puerto Portrero, Central America; sandy mud, at. eleven to
thirteen fathoms. Cuming.

71. Tapes crava (pl. cli. f. 152), Say (Venus), American
Conchology, pl. 36.

T. testa 7. discord: simili, sed magis rotundataé, umbonibus
magis centralibus, maculis tessellatim dispositis.

This shell is more broad and rounded than 7. discors, the um-
boes are more central, and the colouring is arranged in spots so
as to give a tessellated appearance.

West coast of Mexico. Say.

72. Tapes straminea (pl. cli. f. 151), Conrad, ie

T. testa 7. grate simili, sed costellis radiantibus, medio partim
evanidis.

The ribs, instead of being sharp in the middle of the shell as
in 7. grata, are as it were worn out, and that in living speci-
mens.

Locality unknown.

, a

MONOGRAPH OF THE GENUS
CLEMENTIA.

Fam. Veneride.

Char. Gen, CLEMENTIA, Gray. Testa equivalvis, ineequilatera,
tenuis. Cardo dentibus in valva sinistra uno erecto antico, duo-
bus obliquis laminatis posticis; in valvA dextra duobus erectis
anticis, uno bifido laminato postico; in utrique valva ared trigond
ante dentes posité. Impressiones musculares due; impressio
pall sinu magno.

The very thin, light character of the Venus papyracea, and the
peculiar form of its hinge, constitute the reasons given for its
separation from the genus Venus. The hinge is thin, having one
anterior erect tooth, and two posterior laminated teeth in the
left valve locking into two anterior erect teeth, and one posterior
laminated tooth in the right, with a triangular area in front of
the teeth im each valve. The sinus in the impression of the
mantle is deep.

1. Crementia papyracea (pl. cli. f. 155), Gray, Wood,
Suppl. pl. 2. f. 8.

C. testa obliqué ovali, inflata, alba, posticé oblique subacumi-
nata, anticé brevi, subrotundat’; margine dorsali declivi, subex-
cavato; lunulé indistincté, impressi; margine ventrali arcuato ;
undis concentricis latis ad umbones elevatis, prope marginem
ventralem evanidis.

Obliquely oval, swelled, white, rather tapermg and acuminated
at the back, rather short and rounded in front, concentrically un-
dulated with broad ridges, which are large and conspicuous near
the umboes, but almost disappear near the ventral margin.

New Holland.

2. CLEMENTIA siMILis (pl. cli. f. 156), Sowerby, yun.
C. testa parva, C. papyracee simili, sed rectiusculd, antice pau-
lulum subtruncata, posticé haud tantum attenuata.

701

Of a less oblique form than C. papyracea, rather more square
in front and less attenuated at the back.
San Nicolas, island of Zebu, Philippines. Cuming.

3. CLEMENTIA GRANULIFERA (pl. cli. f. 154), Sowerby, gun.

C. testa subrhomboided, alba, minuté sulcis obliqué decussatis
granulata.

Of an oblong form, rather truncated, white; the external sur-
face cut into small diamond-shaped granules by minute sulci
crossing each other obliquely.

Bay of Manila; sandy mud, four to six fathoms. Cuming.

LIST OF FIGURES IN PLATES CXLV. TO CLI.

(The Figure after each name is the number of the Species.)

Fig. Fig.
Puate OXLV. 26-28. T. textilis, 10, Gmel.
TAPES. 29. — rimosa, 11, Phil.
1, 2. T. papilionacea, 2, Lamk. | 30-32, — sulcaria, 21, Lamk.
3-5. — rariflamma, 1, Lam. 33. — arenosa, 34, Phil.
6-8. — Malabarica, 13, Chemn. | 34-38. — Deshayesii, 22, Hazl.
9. — declivis, 7, Sowb., jun. |39 40, — intermedia, 64, Gray.
10. — sinuosa, 14, Lamk. 41. — diversa, 65, Sowd., jun.
11. — amabilis, 6, Phil. 42. — tumida, 64, Sowd., jun.
12. — semirugata, 9, Phil.

13, 14. — sulcosa, 8, Phil. Puate CXLVI.

15, 16. — polita, 12, Sowd., jum. |43-49. T. literata, 18, Chemn.
17. — euglypta, 5, Phil. 50, 51. — Belcheri, 20, Sowd., jun.
18. — exarata, 4, Phil. 52. — aspersa, 19, Lamk.

19. — lirata, 8, Phil. 53, 54. — turgida, 17, Lamk.
Pirate CXLVI. Pirate CXLVIII.
20-23. T. pinguis, 15, Chemn. 55. T. rimularis, 27, Lamk.

24, 25. — Ceylonensis, 16, S%., 7. |56-61. — flammiculata, 26, Lamk.

703

Fig.

62-66. T. recens, 23, Chemn.

67-76. — laterisulca, 24, Lamk.
77. — incerta, 30, Sowd., jun.

78, 79. — tenuistriata, 28, Sd., jun.
80. — perplexa, 31, Sowd., jun.

Piate CXLIX.

81-84. T. virginea, 40, Linn.
85, 86. — pullastra, 51, Wood.
87-91. — geographica, 50, Che.
92. — virginea, 40, Linn.
93. — crassicosta, 63, Quoy.
95. — disrupta, 44, Sb., jun.
96-99. — floridella, 33, Lamk.
100, 101. — Luzonica, 29, Sd., jun.
102, 103. — Hanleyi, 37, 8d., jun.
104. — petalina, 35, Lamh.
105. — acuminata, 36, S0., ju.
106, 107. — catenifera, 25, Lamk.
108-110. — aurea, 38, Gmel.
111. — texturata, 32, Lamk.
112, 118. — florida, 32, Lamk.

Puate CL.

114. T. denticulata, 53, Sd., 7.
115,115* — decussata, 52, Linn.
116, 117. — substriata, 56, Mont.

118. — Dombeii, 62, Lamk.

w

Fig.

119.

120
121, 122
123
124, 125
126
127
128
129

130, 131

132.

133-138
139-141
142, 143

144

145.

146, 147
148-150
151

152.

153

154.

155
156

T. subquadrata, 58, S0.,7.
. — Lajonkarii, 57, Payr.
. — corrugata, 42, Gmel.

. — opaca, 45, Sowd.

. — purpurata, 48, Sd., ju.
. — lithoida, 47, Jonas.

. — maxima, 46, Phil.

. — Cumingi, 41, S6., ju.
. — dactyloides, 43, Sd., 7.

Puate CLI.

. T. Bruguieri, 60, Honl.

— galactites, 59, Lamk.

. — variegata, 61, Hani.

. — Philippinarum, 54, 4.

. — tessellata, 66, ddams.

. — lima, 67, Sowd., jun.

— fusco-lineata, 69, Sd.

. — Indica, 55, Hanl.

. — discors, 68, Sowd.

. — straminea, 72, Conrad.

— grata, 71, Say.

. — tricolor, 70, Sowé.
CLEMENTIA.

C. granulifera, 2, Sd., jun.

. — papyracea, 1, Gray.

. — similis, 3, Sowd., jun.

MONOGRAPH OF THE GENUS

VENUS.

Fam. Veneridee.

Char. Gen. Testa sequivalvis, Insequilateralis, plerumque ovalis
seu orbicularis ; impressionibus muscularibus duabus subrenifor-
mibus ; pallii impressione plerumque posticé plus minus sinuata ;
ligamento externo; lunuld impress4; cardine dentibus duobus et
tribus cardinalibus.

In the Cytherea there is a lateral tooth near, and anterior to,
the diverging cardinal teeth; this is wanting in most of the true
Veneres, and although in the orbicular group, which has been
separated under the generic name “ Dosina,” a slight indication
exists of a similar tooth, it is so rudimentary as to be almost
imperceptible. The genus includes some very different-looking
groups, which yet pass so gradually into each other as to render
a division into distinct sections impracticable. All the species
however, from /’. puerpera to V. gallina, have a crenulated inner
margin, and the few from /. striata to V. aquilatera have it
smooth.

1. Venus puErPERA (pl. cli. f. 1, 2), Zinn. Mantissa,
p- 545. Venus reticulata.

V. test& ponderosa, ventricosi, subrotundata, sulcis planulatis
radiantibus et costellis concentricis anticé crassiusculis submonili-
feris erectis posticé sublaminatis decussati; pallidé fulva, fusco
variegata et purpureo (posticé preecipuc) obscur’ radiata, intus
posticé purpured; latere postico magno, subtruncato ; margine
dorsali elevato, arcuato, longitudinaliter plicato ; ; latere antico
brevissimo, umbonibus depressis; lunulé magna, lined impressa
circumscripta ; margine ventrali intus crenulato.

Thick, ventricose, rather rounded, with flattened radiating rib-
lets, crossed by rather thick concentric ribs, which are inclined to
be laminar at the hinder part of the shell, and beaded or scalloped

4 y

704

in front, the swell of each scallop being towards the ventral mar-
gin. The dorsal edge is raised and arched; the anterior side
very short, with the umboes bending downwards; the lunule
large, and defined by a deep suture. “In all the species of this
group the mner margin is crenulated. The colour is pale fawn,
variegated with light and dark brown, with one or two broad
rays, and the back a dull purple; a large tinge of purple at the
hinder part of the interior. There is “also a “large white shell in
Mr. Cuming’s collection, almost denuded of its concentric ridges,
which must be referred to this species.

Island of Luzon, Philippines. Cuming.

2. Venus maenirica (pl. cli. f. 5), Sowerby, jun.

V. testi rotundata, ponderosd, sulcis radiantibus planulatis et
costellis concentricis distantibus crassiusculis undulatis posticée
obsoletis decussaté; pallide fulvaé, ad umbones fusco variegati,
prope marginem ventralem purpurascente, fasciis concentricis
purpurascentibus ornaté, intus albi; margine dorsali angusto,
uniplicato, rectiusculo; umbonibus elevatis, rotundatis; latere
antico brevi; lunulé magna, distincti.

This shell has not the inferior purple patch of V. puerpera, it
is more rounded and less oblique, the umboes are rounded and
elevated, the dorsal margin is not arched, and concentric ridges
appear naturally obsolete. The figure in the ‘ Encyclopaedia’
(pl. 278. f. 1) gives a better idea of our shell than it does of
V. puerpera, while that in Chemnitz (f. 388, 389) represents the
latter exactly.

Island of Ticao, Philippines. Cuming.

3. Venus tacerata (pl. cli. f. 3, 4), Hunley, Sp. of Shells,
Appendix Wood’s Supplement, pl. xvi. f. 23.

V. testa tenui, ventricosi, rotundati, alba, pallidé fulvo-varie-
gata, sulcis numerosis planulatis radiantibus et costellis numerosis
concentricis anticé undulatis posticé laminatis et acute laqueatis
decussaté; margine dorsali angusto, paululum arcuato, elevato,
longitudinaliter plicato ; margine ventrali anticé ascendente ; lu-
nulaé magni, impressa.

In form more like V. magnifica than V. puerperas a much
lighter shell than either; the ribs in both directions more nume-
rous, and very delicately and sharply fluted and laminated at the
back.

Island of Zebu, Philippines. Cuming.

7105

4. Venus cosrentara (pl. chi. f. 14), Sowerby, Pro. Zool.
Soc. 1835, p. 42. Dosina antiqua, Gray.

“V. test’ obovati, turgidi, fuscescente, costis lamellosis reflexis
posticis magis eminentibus concentricis ornati, lincis radiantibus
nupressis albis decussaté ; impressione cordiformi anticd distincta,
marginibus medianis elevatiusculis, intus alba’; margine ventrali
crenulato.”

Of a more depressed, oval form than others of the same group,
the concentric ridges rather obsolete im the centre, close and la-
minated at the posterior side, and close and undulated at the
anterior side of the shell.

Valparaiso, Cli, and Callao, Peru ; in coarse sand, six to fifteen
fathoms. Cuming.

5. Venus Lisrerr (pl. chi. f. 7, 8,9), Gray (Dosina) in
Analyst, 1838. Eneyce. Méth. pl. 278. f. 2.

V. testa ovali, subquadrati, ponderosi, sulcis numerosis planu-
latis radiantibus et costellis concentricis numerosis anticé crenu-
latis reflexis crassis posticé erecto-laminatis laqueatis decussaté,

SaceeN A bd A £ Lie
pallidé fulvi, fusco-variegata; latere postico clongato, postict
truncato; margine dorsali recto, uniplicato ; latere antico brevi ;
lunulaé magna, sutwrd circumscripta.

Of an oblong truncated form, with the hinge-line nearly straight
(not arched as in /. puerpera) ; the ridges in both directions a are
more numerous, and the concentric ones more laminar, than in
V. purpurea. The latter character is however sometimes lost,
as in the large, probably aged, specimen represented by fig. 8
The figure in the Encyclopedia i is very exact for the type.

Philippines, Cuming. Australia.

6. Venus Cuemnrrzi (pl. clu. f. 6), Hanley, Sp. of Shells,
App. Wood’s Suppl. pl. 16. f. 20.

V. testi V. Instert simili, sed costellis concentricis ‘enuibus
omuino laminatis acute laqueatis colore fusco angulatim varie-
gata.

Resembling 7. Listeri, excepting in the character of the con-
centric ridges, which are thin, laminated throughout, and fluted in
the same manner as in the hinder side of the shell in V. lacerata.
The brown colour is arranged in beautiful zigzag markings.

Island of 'Ticao, Philippines. Cuming.

706

7. Venus muuricostara (pl. cli. f. 10), Sowerby, Pro. Zool.
Soc. 1835, p. 22.

V. “testa elliptici, ventricosi, crassi, concentricé multicostata ;
costis reflexis, crassis, anticé undulatis, medio crenatis, posticé
alternatim interruptis, subirregularibus, subundulatis; margine
dorsali rectiusculo, ventrali rotundato; impressione cordiformi
anticé distincta.”

Of the same form as /. Listert, but with ribs very thick and
reflected at the anterior, undulated, in the middle crenulated, and
at the posterior rather irregular, alternately interrupted, and very
slightly undulated.

Panama Bay; in coarse sand at low water. Cuming.

8. Venus resricunata (pl. clin. f. 23), Sowerby, jun.

V. testi ponderosi, ventricos4, rotundati, alba, prope umbones
subradiatim maculatd, sulcis radiantibus et costis concentricis no-
duliferis validis posticé sublaminatis numerosis decussati ; mar-
gine dorsali subarcuato, plicato; lunulé magna, laminaté; mar-
gine ventrali crenulato.

This shell is much rounder in form than V. mudticostata, and
the ribs are more universally crenulated. Both the species differ
from V’. puerpera in the thickness and closeness of the ribs.

Kast Indian Islands.

9. Venus Laqueata (pl. clin. f. 15), Sowerby, yun.

V. testi ovali-subquadrati, ventricos4, costellis radiantibus
duplicatis et costellis concentricis distantibus erectis laminatis
latis acuté laqueatis decussati, alb&, seu pallidé fulva, obscuré
triradiati ; margine dorsali rectiusculo, valvee dextree laminato,
alteram superante, valvee sinistree subplanulato; lunulé magna,
laminaté ; suturd circumscripta.

Oblong, rather truncated and very ventricose, with the concen-
tric ribs deep, laminated and beautifully scalloped. Those of /.
Chemnitzii present a very miniature likeness of them.

Swan River, Australia. Jukes.

10. Venus rericutata (pl. clin. f. 11, 12, 13), Lenn, Mus.
Ul. p. 508. V. corbis, Lamarck, Anim. sans vert. sp. 4.
Chemn. f. 382, 383.

V. testa obliqué ovali-suboblonga, alba vel fulva, fusco vel rubro
variegata, costellis radiantibus rotundatis et costellis concentricis

107

reflexis crassis anticé et medio acuté noduliferis posticé sublami-
natis laqueatis decussati; latere postico subobliqué truncato ;
margine dorsali subelevato, rectiusculo; latere antico brevi; lu-
nulé impress; cardine dentibus aurantiis.

One peculiarity of this species is the deep orange-colour of the
teeth; another, the thick angular nodules formed on the concen-
tric ridges at the points of decussation.

Philippines, Cuming. Madagascar.

11. Venus monitirera (pl. chii. f. 19), Sowerby, jun.

V. test& subcompressi, subquadrati, fulvd, fusco-rubescente
radiatim maculata et posticé angulatim sublineati, costellis moni-
liferis radiantibus et costellis concentricis crassiusculis crenulatis
decussati; margine dorsali elevato, rectiusculo; latere antico
breviusculo, subquadrato, medio depresso ; latere postico truncato,
subangulato ; cardine dentibus aurantiis.

Notwithstanding the orange teeth, this shell differs sommuch in
its compressed, square shape, and in the beaded elevation of the
radiating ridges resulting from the comparative depression of the
concentric ones from /. reticulata, that I think the distinctness
of this species will be readily admitted. The largest of the three
specimens is from the collection of Mr. Gubba.

Puerto Galero, island of Mindoro, Philippines. Cuming.

12. Venus pyemma (pl. clvi. f. 69-72), Lamarck, Anim.
sans vert. Venus, no. 3.

V. testi parvi, compressa, ovali, costellis radiatis et laminis
crenulatis concentricis cancellaté, alb&’, fusco sparsim variegataé
vel rubro radiaté; margine dorsali, excavato, nigro-lineato, valve
dextra laminato, valve sinistree planulato; lunuld impressa.

A small species, presenting a miniature resemblance to /. re-
ticulata, but longer and flatter in proportion. The area of the
hinge is wide, hollow, and in one valve smooth. ‘Two specimens
from the Philippines have a few brown spots on a white surface,
and another, worn, has broad rays of red; in all, the hinge-area
is marked with strong transverse black lines.

Honduras Bay.

13. Venus Lamarcxi (pl. chii. f. 20, 21), Gray, in Brit.
Mus. V. subrostrata, Zeeve, t. 68. f. 4. V. cancellata, Chemn.
f. 306.

V. testa ovali-subtrigona, ventricosi, alba, fusco obscuré trira-

708

diaté et maculata, intus rosea, costellis radiantibus anticé dupli-
catis et laminis erectis, anticé reflexis, superné crenulatis, subtus
laqueatis, posticé lobatis decussata ; latere postico sublobato, sub-
rostrato, margine dorsali declivi, planulatim excavato; latere an-
tico breviusculo, margine rotundatim elevato; lunuld radiatim
striata, fusca.

One of the most beautiful species in the group, distinguished
by its elegantly sculptured concentric lamine, with duplicate ra-
diating ribs, and by the beautiful rose-colour of the interior.

Singapore. China.

14. Venus noputosa (pl. clit. f. 16), Sowerby, jun.

V. testa ovali-subtrigona, albi, fusco obscuré triradiaté et ma-
culati, intus rose, costellis radiantibus anticé duplicatis et lami-
nis erectis anticé validé reflexis superné costellatis subtus noduli-
feris posticé lobatis et expansis decussati; latere postico elon-
gato, subrostrato; margine dorsali declivi, planulatim excavato ;
latere antico breviusculo, margine rotundatim elevato; lunulé de-
pressi, radiatim striata, fusca.

The shell is rather longer and flatter than VY. Lamarchkii, and
the concentric lamine are coiled round and thickened so as to
present their under surface in round nodules. It may be only a
very remarkable variety. I am acquainted with several specimens,
one of which is in Mrs. Colonel Cathcart’s collection, and another
in that of Mr. Taylor.

Locality unknown.

15. Venus ornatissima (pl. clin. f. 24), Broderip, Pro.
Zool. Soc. 1835, p. 44.

“V. testa subglobosi, radiatim creberrimé costaté, lamellis con-
centricis, valde elevatis, crispo-plicatis, spadiceo-albente, intus
alba, limbo interno crenulato.”

More rounded than /. Lamarchkii, with the lamine broad, dis-
tant, and beautifully fringed in the front as well as the back part
of the shell, and the radiating ribs duplicate from the middle to
the border; colour brownish-white.

Panama; in sandy mud. Cuming.

16. Venus sturtiima (pl. clin. f. 17, 18), Sowerby, jun.

V. testA ovali, crassd, sordidé alba, costellis duplicatis radiata,
laminis concentricis laminatis numerosis anticé reflexis crenulatis

709

posticé divaricatim striatis costellataé; umbonibus elevatis ; late-
ribus declivibus; margine dorsali complanatim excavato; lunula
impressii.

A well-sculptured shell similar to the preceding, but having
the concentric ridges very numerous and (in the front part of
the shell) reflected ; at the back of the shell they are spread and
striated divergently. Ligamental area very smooth and deeply
excavated. Vig. 17 is from a specimen in Mr. Cuming’s collec-
tion; f. 18 is from one in Mr. Hanley’s collection, which I place
rather doubtfully with it.

California.

17. Venus Gnopra (pl. cliv. f. 25), Broderip et Sowerby,
Zool. Journ. vol. iv. p. 364.

“V. testi eequivalvi, subventricosi, liris concentricis muricatis
distantibus, striis radiantibus decussantibus, anticé spinosioribus.”

The concentric ridges are very distant and produced into a
series of broad spies; their under side is ribbed in correspond-
ence with the radiating ribs, which are alternately single and du-
plicate. The hinder side of the shell is rather pointed, with the
dorsal margin considerably sloping.

Pacific Ocean.

18. Venus Amatuusta (pl. cliv. f. 26, 27), Philippi, Ab-
bild. t. 11. f. 4. V. encausta,

“V. testi cordato-triangulari, tumidi, crassi, longitudinaliter
sulcati, transversim rugosi; rugis distantibus, equalibus, imte-
gris; ared oblonga, depress’; lunuld laté cordata.”

The shell here figured (f. 26), from Mr. Hanley’s collection,
perfectly agrees with the figure in Philippi above quoted; it is
evidently an ill-developed and much-worn shell. Our second
figure (f. 27) however represents a perfect shell, from Mr.
Cuming’s collection; these two are brought together by inter-
mediate specimens, and present a species so closely resembling
V. Gnidia as to render the separation extremely doubtful. The
concentric scalloped ridges are much less prominent, and are
covered on the under side by a drown, shining enamel; while
those of V. Gnidia are of the same texture as the other parts of
the shell. This may possibly indicate a difference in the habit
of the animal.

California.

710

19. Venus canceiata (pl. cliv. f. 28-31), Linn. Syst. Nat.
12th edit. p. 1130. V. ziczac, Linn. Syst. 10th edit.? V. Dy-
sera, Chemn., tab. 28. f. 287-8-9-90. Mercenaria variabilis,
Schum.

V. testa cordato-subtrigona, crassi, plerumque grisea, fusco
angulatim variegatd, intus posticé violaced, costellis duplicatis
radiata, varicibus concentricis crassiusculis reflexis crenulatis in-
eequidistantibus cincti; latere postico declivi, subrostrato; area
dorsali planatim excavata, fusci vel literata; latere antico bre-
viusculo, rotundato ; lunula radiatim striata, fusca.

Rather heart-shaped, triangular, thick, radiately double-ribbed,
girt with reflected, rather thick, crenulated varices at irregular in-
tervals. The hinder side is rather pointed; the dorsal area much
excavated and flat; lunule striated, large, and generally dark.
There is generally a posterior patch of purple inside. ‘his very
common shell is generally of a grey colour, variously marked with
angular lines and patches of brown.

St. John’s, Hartweg. Honduras Bay, Dyson.

20. Venus compta (pl. cliv. f. 32, 33, 34), Broderip, Pro.
Zool. Soc. 1838, p. 43.

“V. testi subtrigona, planiuscula, crassi, lamellis concentricis
lateraliter crenulatis crassiusculis radiatim creberrimé costellata,
albente, lineis flavo-castaneis inscript’; ared posticd incisd, spa-
diceo-strigata ; lunula pallidiore ; intus alba, limbo crenato.”

Resembling /. cancellata, and with difficulty separated from it.
It is however a flatter shell, more spread at the sides, where
the radiating striz are divergent; and the concentric ribs less
reflected and more laminar.

In coarse sand and mud, seven fathoms. Bay of Sechura,
Peru.

21. Venus susrostrata (pl. cliv. f. 39), Lamarck, Anim.
sans vert. no. 13. V. neglecta, Sowerby, Zool. Beechey’s Voy.
pl. 41. f. 8.

V. testa cordato-subtrigond, posticé subtruncata, crassa, pal-
lidé fulvo-grisescente, fusco angulatim variegata, intus alba, cos-
tellis duplicatis radiata, varicibus concentricis numerosis, crenu-
latis, laminatis, subsequidistantibus; latere postico declivi, sub-
truncato; area dorsali planulatim excavati, fusco-literaté; latere
antico brevi; lunulé magna, striata, fusca.

711

A more truncated shell than /. cancellata, with the concentric
ridges more equidistant and numerous.
Found in sandy mud on the coast of Central America.

22. Venus uNDATELLA (pl. cliti. f. 22), Sowerby, Pro. Zool.
Soc. 1835, p. 22.

“V. testa rotundato-ellipticd, crassi, albidi, fusco maculati,
punctatd, et undatim pictd; costellis radiantibus confertis, alis-
que decussantibus, undulatis, sublamellosis ; latere antico breviore,
postico subdeclivi; marginibus depressis; margine ventrali ro-
tundato, intus crenulato.”

The next remove, after /. subrostrata, from V’. cancellata. It
is more broad and truncated, with the dorsal margin less sloping,
the edges of the right valve strongly overlapping, that of the
left strongly marked with transverse bands of black ; the concen-
tric ridges numerous, undulated, and crowded near the margin.

Found on the shore at the island of Tres Marias, Gulf of Cali-
fornia.

23. Venus susrmBricata (pl. cliv. f. 835-38), Sowerby, Pro.
Zool. Soc. 1835, p. 21.

“VY. testi cordato-subtrigona, crassi, fusco albidoque lineatim
radiata vel variegata; costellis radiantibus confertis, costis subim-
bricatis decussantibus, prope umbonem lamelliferis ; latere antico
breviore, impressione cordaté antici magni; latere postico lon-
giore, declivi, planulato, depresso; margine ventrali rotundato,
intus denticulato.” Variat testé parva, longiore, costis decussan-
tibus omnibus lamelliferis.

A very variable shell, of the same group as /. cancedlata, but in
which the concentric lamin are only seen near the umboes, and
afterwards exchanged for more or less raised and irregular undu-
lations in the same direction.

Puerto Portrero, Central America. The extreme variety (f. 38),
in Mr. Gubba’s collection, is from California.

24. Venus Catirorntensis (pl. cliv. f. 40, 41), Broderip,
Pro. Zool. Soc. 1835, p. 43. V.leucodon, Sowerby, ib., inclusa.

“VY. testi globosi, crassd, albente, concentricé multilamellosa,
lamellis crassiusculis, lateraliter subcrenulatis, costis creberrimis
cancellata ; area posticd infossd, grandi; lunuld magna, tumente ;
intus alba, impressionibus muscularibus violaceo-fucatis ; limbo in-
terno crenato.”

A 7,

(ee

A large, thick, cancellated shell, the reflected concentric ribs
of which become less and less distant towards the ventral margin.
The V’. deucodon has the same character of ribs, the same broad,
flat, excavated dorsal area, the same obliquely cordate form, and
only differs in having the hinder part of the shell of a dark colour,
and a dark rim continued round the inner margin around and
between the white denticulations.

Found in coarse sand at low water, in the Gulf of California.
Cuming.

25. Venus cauosa (pl. cliv. f. 44, 55), Conrad, Journ. Ac.
Nat. Sc. vol. vi. p. 252.

V. testi ponderosd, obliqué cordata, subovali, ventricosa, alba,
grisescente, posticé fuscd, mtus posticé purpurea; costellis ra-
diantibus striatis planulatis et costellis concentricis interruptis ir-
regulariter squamosis antice et medio decussati, posticé planata,
prope marginem divaricatim striati; latere postico subrostrato ;
margine dorsali declivi, paululum depresso; latere antico brevi,
rotundato; lunulé vix distincti; margine ventrali rotundato,
prope angulum posticum paululum emarginato.

This very thick, obliquely heart-shaped shell is remarkable for
the flattened scale-like nodules, formed by the crossing of the flat-
tish radiating ribs and the concentric layers.

Sandwich Islands, and California.

26. Venus FLuctirraGa (pl. cliv. f. 42, 43), Sowerby, jun.

V. testa ponderosa, subobliqué rotundata, alba, concentricé pur-
pureo distanter fasciata, costellis radiantibus posticé et anticé ma-
joribus et costellis mterruptim fluctuatis intersecti; latere pos-
tico subangulato; margine dorsali rotundato, subarcuato, maculato,
paululum depresso; margine ventrali intus crenulato, purpureo.

Named as above from the character of the concentric ridges,
which are fluctuated and as it were broken up on the surface ;
the shell is solid, rounded, and nearly white, with several bands of
livid colour; the inside is purple at the border, and about the
posterior impressions: altogether not unlike /.cadlosa, but rounder.

Australia.

27. Venus GRanuLata (pl. clv. f. 47, 48, 49), Gmed. n. 33.
Venus violacea, Gme/. 34? Venus “marica spuria,” Chemn. Conch.
vol. vi. t. 30. f. 318. V. entobapta, Jonas, n Menke, Zeitsch. fiir
Malac. 1845, p. 63.

713

V. test’ subrotundata, crassiusculd, grised fusco-nigrescente va-
riegati, costellis ad latera majoribus omnino squamuliferis anticé
precipué radiata, mtus posticé et ad marginem violaced ; latere
antico brevi; lunuld fusca, striati; latere postico subtruncato ;
are’ dorsali excavata, planulata, nigro-literata.

In this species, which is rounder than the preceding, the ra-
diating ribs are crossed by scales which are not continued in the
interstices. The markings are dark and variegated, and the mside

is painted with purple at the back and near the margin.
West India Islands.

28. Venus SrurcuBurtt (pl. elv. f. 50, 51), G Han a Wood’s
Suppl. pl. 2.f.4. V. Zelandica, Quoy, Ast. . 8. £. 5

V. testa ovali, oblique cordata, alta, crassi, ventricosa, fulva, in-
tus posticé purpurea, radiatim planulatim costata, costellis postice
subobsoletis, anticé et prope umbones costellis crenulatis concentri-
cis cincti.

A very ventricose shell, with the radiating ribs broad and flat,
crossed by undulating riblets, which only reach from the anterior
to the middle of the sheil, excepting near the very tumid umboes,
where they reach all across at regular intervals. I am doubtful
whether V’. cardiotdes is a variety of this species or of V. pectorina.

New Zealand.

29. Venus CoLumBiensis (pl. clv. f. 53, 54), Sowerby, Pro.
Zool. Soc. 1835, p. 21.

“V. rotundato-elliptica, crass’, cinerco albidoque variegata, ra-
diatim costati; costis plurimis, planulato- rotundatis, quam inter-
stitia duplo latioribus ; latere antico breviore, costis decussatim
squamosis, squamulis brevibus, obtusis ; lateris postici costis ru-
gosis ; partis intermedi costis subleevibus, intus albicante.”

This species stands alone, with its deep grooves and broad flat-
tened radiating ribs, which are crossed at the sides by concentric
rows of scale-like prominences.

St. Elena, West Columbia. Cuming.

30. Venus pEcTorina (pl. clv. f. 56, 57), Lamarck, Anim.
sans vert. (Venus) no. 15. Var. V. cardioides, Lamarck, no. 18 ?

V. testa subtrigond, ventricosa, crassa, fulva, posticé et ad aream
3 f} ) )

dorsalem fusco angulatim maculati, imtus alba, costellis acutius-

culis alternis minoribus radiata, striis elevatis concentricis cancel-

714

lati; latere postico declivi, superné planulatim excavato, subtrun-
cato; latere antico rotundato; lunuld magni, striata, alba.

The alternate radiating ribs are more prominent than cither the
intermediate ones or the radiating striae, giving a pectinated ap-
pearance to the shell.

America.

31. VENUS ASPERRIMA (pl. clv. f.57, 58), Sowerby, Pro. Zool.
Soc. 1835, p. 42.

“V.testi obovata, crassiusculd, opaci, albicante radiatim costel-
lata; costellis numerosis, decussatis, asperis ; latere antico breviore ;
margine dorsali postico declivi, rectiusculo; impressione cordiformi
anticd elongata.”

Broader, flatter, more truncated posteriorly and more sharply
ribbed and decussated than V. pectorina.

In fine sand at low water ; at the island of Lobos, Peru. Cuming.

32. Venus uisrrionica (pl. elv. f. 52), Sowerby, Pro. Zool.
Soc. 1835, p. 4:1.

“V. testa obovata, pallidé fulva, radiatim costellata, costellis
plerumque duplicatis, concinné decussatis, asperis, maculis inter-
ruptis fuscis irregularibus radiatim pict’; margine dorsali rectius-
culo, posticé subangulato; impressione cordiformi antici parva,
intus purpurascente ; margine ventrali denticulato.”

More rounded and flatter than /. pectorina, with the ribs more
equal, duplicate and rounded; the markings consist of several rays
of fantastically-shaped patches of brown.

Found in sandy mud at a depth of thirteen fathoms, at Guaco-
mayo, Central America. Cuming.

33. Venus rntersecta (pl. clv. f. 59, 60), Sowerby, jun.

V. testd ovali, ventricosi, albé vel grised, fusco-cinerascente
omnino picta vel posticé maculata, intus alba, costellis acutiuscu-
lis tripartitis radiata, striis elevatis concentricis intersecti; latere
postico subdeclivi, subacuminato ; are’ dorsali angusta, excavata,
valvee dextree fusco-albo maculata, valve sinistree fusco nigres-
cente ; latere antico breviusculo, rotundato; lunula fusca, radiatim
striata ; dente cardinali antico permagno.

In texture nearly resembling /’. pectorina ; in shape approach-
ing V. crenifera, yet larger and less pointed than that species.
In the specimens I have seen, the dorsal area of the right valve is

715

angularly spotted with white, while that of the left is of the same
dark colour as the lunule and a portion of the hinder part of the
shell.

Puerto Puero, Central America. Cuming.

34, Venus crenirera (pl. clvi. f. 78, 74), Sowerby, Pro.
Zool. Soc. 1835, p. 43. V. elevata? Say. V. radiata, Chemn.
t. 36. f. 386?

“V. testa ellipticd, asper, albicante-fusco maculaté et varié
picta; lamellis concentricis brevibus, confertis, striis radiantibus
confertissimis decussatis ; margine ventrali crenulato; dente car-
dinali antico magno.”

Except in rare cases the fringed concentric ridges of this rather
beaked shell are raised very slightly over the radiating striz,
which are arranged in groups of three; several of the groups
more distinct and distant at the anterior side. The lunule is dis-
tinct, striated, and generally dark in colour; the dorsal area ex-
cavated, smooth, and strongly marked with brown. ‘The surface
is generally marked by radiatimg broad bands of zigzag markings.

The specimens were found in sand at low water at Payti, Peru.
Cuming.

35. Venus pecorata (pl. clvi. f. 77, 78), Broderip et
Sowerby, Zool. Journ. vol. v. p. 49. V. bella, Jonas, Philippi,
Abbild. t. 4. f. 4.

“VY. testa cordato-trigona, latere postico productiore, alba, liris
longitudinalibus crenulatis sulcisque radiantibus decussatis granu-
losi; margine crenulato.”

This elegantly sculptured shell is characterized by radiating
ribs, the three posterior of which are larger than the others; they
are crossed by concentric fringed varices, which are scalloped as
they pass over them. In the darkly-coloured variety the lunule
and dorsal margin are of a very dark colour. The form is rather
cordate, acuminated at the back.

West Indies.

36. Venus rmpricata (pl. clvi. f. 81, 82), Sowerby, jun.

V. testé ovali-subcordata, parva, albida, costis validis acuté la-
minatim imbricatis radiaté; latere postico angulato, fusco, declivi,
acuminato, latere antico brevi; lunulé parva, fusca, striata; um-
bonibus (intus quoque) purpurascentibus. Variat costellis fuscis
interstitiis albis.

716

Formed like /’. decorata, but instead of the continuous concen-
tric ribs, it has only leafy imbrications upon the distinct radiating
ones. The specimen kindly supplied by Mr. Hanley is very de-
heately coloured with a purplish tint on and within the umboes,
a light brown on the lunule and posterior area, with a pink tinge
upon the ribs. Mr. Cuming’s specimen has dark brown ribs with
white interstices.

Locality unknown.

37. Venus Cocutnensis (pl. clvi. f. 79, 80), Thorpe, P
V. testa ovali-subcordati, parvd, posticé subangulata, pallidé
fulva vel grised, prope umbones livida, posticé validé colorata, cos-
tis squamiferis rotundatis validis radiata, interstitiis angustatis.
Like /. imbricata, but flatter, with the ribs less elevated, and
rather granulated than imbricated.
Cochin China.

38. Venus squamosa (pl. clvi. f. 83, 84), Linnaeus, Syst.
Nat. p. 1183. Cytherea squamosa, Lamarck, no. 75.

V. testé subtrigond, ventricosi, albo-grisescente, partim ob-
scuré fuscatd, costellis duplicatis moniliferis prope marginem
magis numerosis radiata, rugis Interruptis concentricis noduliferis
cincti; latere postico productiore, contracto, rostrato ; margine
dorsali declivi, fusco, planulatim excavato; latere antico brevius-
culo, rotundato; lunuld magna, rotundata, fuscd, striati; margine
interné crenulato. Variat lunula, area dorsali, et inter costas cas-
tanea.

This common, triangular, rostrated shell has an appearance of
scales formed by the concentric undulations crossing the radiating
duplicate coste.

Bay of Manilla, in sandy mud. Cuming.

39. Venus FLEexvosa (pl. clvi. f. 85, 86), Linneus, Syst.
Nat. p. 1133. V.impressa, Anton, Hanley, Wood’s Supp. pl. 16.
f. 27.

V. testa subtrigona, ventricosi, alba, fuscescente vel grisescente,
immaculata, vel nigro interruptim triradiatd, radiatim striata,
rugis concentricis crenulatis cincti; latere postico productiore,
contracto, rostrato, margine dorsali declivi, planulatim excavato,
livido ; latere antico rotundato ; lunula levigata, excavata; mar-
gine interno levi.

It is not ribbed, but simply striated in the radiating direction,

717

and the irregular concentric ruge are finely crenulated as they
pass over the stric. In the preceding species the lunule 1s
striated, in this it is quite smooth. While all the other species
of this group have the inner margin crenulated, in this it is per-
fectly smooth,—an instance showing the extreme difficulty of
arranging shells in defined groups.

The radiated variety is from China.

40. Venus punctirera (pl. clvi. f. 87), Gray, Brit. Mus.

V. testa elongato-subtrigond, crassi, grised, radiatim striata,
concentricé rugiferd ; latere postico angulato, producto, rostrato,
ad angulum nodulosim carinato; margine dorsali levigato, litera-
to; latere antico brevi, subacuminato ; lunula laevigata, literati.

More acuminated and lengthened than /. macrodon, with a cre-
nulated keel at the posterior angle, and the concentric ruge con-
tinued in the middle of the shell.

Indian seas.

41. Vunus macrovon (pl. clvi. f. 88, 89, 90), Lamarck (Cy-
theraea), Anim. sans vert. no. 73. Var. Cytherea lunulata, La-
marck, Philippi (Venus), t. 3. f. 10.

V. testa subtrigona, crassi, ventricos, flavido-grisescente vel
alba, griseo maculata et literata, vel fuscd, ad latera et prope um-
bones radiatim obscure striata, concentricé rugiferi, medio plana ;
latere postico angulato, producto, rostrato, ad angulum monili-
fero; margine dorsali declivi, levigato, nonnunquam literato ;
latere antico rotundato ; lunula impressi, levi; umbonibus angu-
latis, elevatis; margine interno crenulato; dente cardinali antico
magno.

Shaped like the preceding, but with the umboes more elevated
and angular, and the greater part of the central surface smooth; a
posterior angle is beaded at the upper part. The grizzled variety
is lettered on the dorsal margin and lunule.

Brazil.
42, Venus rostrata (pl. clvi. f. 91), Sowerby, jun.

V. testa parva, levi, grisescente, subtrigond, concentricé lirata ;
latere postico producto, rostrato; latere antico brevi, subacumi-
nato; lunula et area dorsali lividis, levigatis.

A beautiful little shell, similarly formed to the preceding, but
smooth, with rather round, concentric ribs.

Locality unknown. Specimens in Mr. Hanley’s collection.

718

43. Venus ovata (pl. clvn. f. 99, 100), Pennant, British
Zool. vol. iv. p. 97. pl. 56. f. 56. Venus pectinula, Lamarck, n.
26. Cytherea ovata, Meming, Brit. Anim. p. 445. Venus ra-
diata, Philippi, Moll. Sic.

V. testé ovali, compress’, fulvo-grisescente, fusco obscuré ma-
culata, radiatim costellata, costellis longitudinaliter striatis, striis
concentricis decussantibus; margine interno crenulato; lunula
parva, striata, tumida.

This is a flattish, oval, dull-coloured shell, with radiating, stri-
ated ribs, which are crossed by decussating striz.

Great Britain, and Mediterranean.

44, Vunus srrtatissima (pl. clvii. f. 108, 104, 105), Sow-
erby, gun. rycina cardioides, Lamarck, Anim. sans vert.

V. testa ovali, subcompressi, fulvo-purpurascente, fusco obscuré
maculata, radiatim et concentricé striata; striis concentricis, eleva-
tiusculis, laminatis ; latere postico subrostrato, productiore ; mar-
gine interno denticulato; lunulé parva, striata, fusca.

A rather fuller but smaller shell than /. ovata, with the radi-
ating striz more numerous and equal, and the concentric striz
sharp and raised. The hinder part of the shellis slightly beaked.

Australia.

45. Venus scapra (pl. elvii. f. 101, 102), Hanley, Sp. of
Shells, Appendix, pl. 16. f. 24.

V. testa ovali-subglobos4, obscuré fusca, costellis duplicatis con-
centricé squamiferis radiaté; lunuld scabra.

More globose than /. striatissima and V. ovata, with the ra-
diating strie gathered up, especially near the umboes, into riblets,
and crossed by concentric series of sharp scales, which are more
elevated at the sides.

New Holland.

46, Venus cosTetLirera (pl. clvi. f. 106), 4. Adams, Zool.
Samarang, Moll. p. 79. pl. 21. f. 18.

V. testa oblongo-ovata, subtrigond, subsequilatera, alba, rubro
sparsim variegata, longitudinaliter costaté; costis confertis, decus-
satim plicatis, plicis semilunaribus, confertis, posticis squamulosis.”

Nearly resembling the coarser variety of V. ovata, but the ribs
broader, and crossed by semilunar plice.

Philippines. Cuming.

719

47, Venus Manica (pl. clvii. f. 107-110), Linnaeus, 12th edit.
p- 1180. Chemn. Conch. f. 282-3-4.

V. test ovato-subtrigoné, alba, vel maculis fuscis angulosis sub-
trigonis radiatim picta, concentricé et radiatim costellatd ; costellis
concentricis noduliferis, ad latus posticum alternatim in laminis
acutis fimbriatis productis ; area dorsali magni, striati, scabra, sub-
elevata ; latere antico breviusculo; lunuld scabra, tumidd, magna.

Of a rather trigonal form, with the radiating ribs so strongly
decussating the concentric, obtuse lamine, as to cut them mio
nodules; at the back of the shell some of these concentric ribs
are discontinued, and others of them raised into sharp, produced,
fringed iamine; behind these laminz is a scabrous area, elevated
towards the dorsal margin. The lunule is large and scabrous.
The colour is arranged in rows of large angular spots. ‘The
species is subject to great variation, particularly as to the degree
in which the concentric and radiating ribs modify each other in
crossing.

Philppines. Cuming.

48. Venus austratis (pl. clvii. f. 111, 112), Sowerby, Pro.
Zool. Soc. 1835, p. 22.

“V. test&é ovato-subtrigona, crassiusculd, fulvescente, maculis
angulosis subtrigonis subradiatim picti, concentricé lamellosa ;
lamellis concinnis, confertis, tenwibus, obtusis, pulcherrimé radia-
tim decussatis, prope latera elevatioribus ; marginibus dorsali sub-
elevato, ventrali rotundato, intus denticulato;” lunula parva,
fusca, striata.

Of an oval, approaching to trigonal form, with numerous, close,
laminar, concentric ribs, finally crenulated by the radiating striz,
and more produced at the posterior side. ‘The front side is the
shorter, and has a small chestnut-coloured lunule. The colouring
is very beautiful, being arranged in several rays of large angular
brown spots. Var. f. 111 is coarser than the other, but not nearly
so coarse as VY. marica.

49. Venus spurca (pl. clvi. f. 92-98), Sowerby, Pro. Zool.

Soc. 1835, p. 28. V. crassa, denticulata, mesodesma, violacea,
Quoy, Astr. t. 84. £7, 8, 15, 16,17, 18,19, 20. Test. jun.? V.
celata, Menke, Philippi, Venus, t. 5. £.3. V.spissa, Wood’s Suppl.
“V. testa ovata, crassi, sordidé fulva, fusco radiatim maculosa,

concentricé subobsoleté costellata ; costellis obtusis, prope latera
subinterruptis ; margine ventrali intus denticulato.”

5A

720

Fig 97 is the typical form of a strangely varied series of shells,
to which the above names and some others have been given. Fig.
98 is the overgrown and obsolete state, V’. spissa, Wood’s Suppl.
pl. 16. f. 44. Fig. 92 represents the young shell, in which may
he seen its interstitial radiating strie, and in which the concentric
riblets are laminated at the posterior side. Fig. 95 is an example
of zigzag marking. All the varieties are nearly equilateral ; in all,
the inner edge is crenulated, and some of the concentric ridges
interrupted at the sides, and all have a small, narrow, well-defined,
chestnut-coloured lunule.

New Zealand, Philippines, ete.

50. Venus Papua (pl. clv. f. 61), Linn. Syst. Nat. p. 1129.

V. testa subtrigond, crassi, albi, fusco-grisescente maculata et
lineata, levi, costellis magnis rotundatis anticé contractis lami-
natis posticé abrupté contractis laminatim lobatis cinctd; latere
postico productiore, acuminato ; ared dorsali declivi, late planulata,
literata, excavaté; umbonibus productis ; latere antico breviuscu-
lo; lunula concava, literaté; margine interno leviter crenulato.

This well-known species has the broad, smooth, rounded ribs
terminating in front in flat thick lamine, and behind suddenly
contracted into broad laminated lobes.

West Indies.

51. Venus arrrnis (pl. clv. f. 62)
erby, jun.

P adopted by Sow-

V. testA subtrigona, ovali, crass, albi, fusco radiatim maculata,
levi, costellis crassis reflexis acutiusculis ad latera productis
laminatis posticé abrupté interruptis tum unilobatis cincté ; la-
tere postico productiore, subacuminato ; area dorsali declivi, late
planulata, literata, vix excavati; latere antico breviusculo; lunula
concava, literaté; margine interno leviter crenulato.

I do not know whether the above name has been published, or
by whom it has been proposed, but having found it in MS. I
adopt it on the principle of never coming a name when a good
one has been used in any way. The affinity is to V. Paphia, which
the species nearly resembles. It is however a more oval shell,
the concentric ridges are more extant and laminar throughout, and
at the back suddenly interrupted previous to taking a square lobed
form; the umboes are not so produced.

Mr. Cuming and Mr. Gubba have specimens which are from
Senegal.

721

52. Venus suBrucosa (pl. clv. f. 63), Sowerby, Genera of
Shells, Venus, f.2. V.subsulcata, Menke (Jay).

V. testa subtrigond, crassi, fulvo-grisescente, fusco quadrira-
diata, ad umbones et ad latera radiatim striaté, concentricé validé
rugis subundatis costellaté; latere postico longiusculo, subrostra-
to, margine dorsali planulatim excavato ; latere antico rotundato ;
lunuld magna, levigaté; dentibus cardinalibus magnis.

Broader, larger, and less oblique than /’. macrodon, with very
large ribs at the upper part of the shell, which is rayed with brown
bands.

West Columbia. Cuming.

53. Venus Kautrerru (pl. clv. f. 64), Hinds, Voyage of the
Sulphur, Mollusca, p. 65. pl. 19. f. 5.

V.“testa obliqué cordata, solida, leevigati, castaned, transversim
sulcati, seu potius lineis impressis excavata, intervallis latitudine
variabilibus, ad extremitates laminis munitié; lunuld elongaté cor-
data.”

An obliquely cordate shell, on the same principle of construc-
tion as V. Paphia, yet very different. The concentric ribs are
broad and flat, crossed near the uuboes with impressed strive, and
terminated at each extremity by laminar lobes, the posterior ones
not quite reaching the hinder margin. One broad radiating band
of a light chestnut-colour, with darker rays, covers all but the
sides of this remarkable and beautiful shell.

Island of Guibo, west coast of Veraguas.

54. Venus Prrvviana (pl. clv. f. 66), Sowerby, Pro. Zool.
Soc. 1835, p. 22.

“V. testa obovata, crassi, concentricé costata; costis crassius-
culis, sublamellosis, anticé reflexis, medio reflexis, fulvo-articula-
tis, posticé deflexis, tenuioribus ; latere postico quam anticum du-
plo longiore, marginibus depressis, planatis ; margine ventrali ro-
tundato, intus levi.”

Oval, concentrically ribbed, with the ribs thick, prominent, la-
minated, reflected in the middle and till near the back of the shell,
there turned downwards with a kind of fold and flattened. In
front also they are a little flattened, and turned outwards. The
young shell resembles /. Cypria.

Ancon, Peru; figured from a very fine specimen in Mr. Cum-
ing’s collection.

55. Venus piscrepans (pl. clv. f. 65), Sowerby, Pro. Zool.
Soc. 1835. p. 22.

“V. testi ellipticd, crassi, albicante, fusco subradiatim picta ;
latere antico breviore, subproducto, postico subdeclivi; marginibus
depressis ; costis concentricis posticé lamellosis, medio obtusis,
latiusculis, anticé sublamellosis; umbonibus subprominentibus ;
margine ventrali rotundato, intus denticulato.”

“The blunt, rather broad, concentric ribs of the middle part
of each valve are speckled with brown on their upper surfaces,
and delicately crenulated on their ventral margins.” At the sides
they are terminated in lamin.

Islay, Peru. Cuming.

56. Venus Cyprta (pl. clvu. f. 113), Sowerby, Pro. Zool. Soc.
1852, p. 43.

“V. test’ oblong’, subtrigond, concentricé lamellosd, lamellis
crassis, obtusis, posticé tenuioribus, subappressis, alba, fusco-ra-
diaté ; lined dorsali rectiuscula, declivi; area postica lata, fuscata ;
impressione cordiformi antici conspicua, fuscd; margine ventrali
intus integerrimo.”

Smaller and more triangular than /. Paphia, with the ribs
more elevated, and, instead of being suddenly interrupted, become
gradually laminar and turned outwards.

Island of Plata, West Columbia. Cuming.

57. Venus rascrata (pl. clvi. f. 114, 115), Donovan, t.
170. Chemn. f. 277-8. V. Brogniarti, Payr. Moll. Corse, p. 51.
pl. 1. f. 23, 24, 25. An var.? V. decipiens, Hanley, Sp. of Shells,
App. Wood’s Suppl. pl. 16. f. 22.

V. testa elevata, subtrigond, crass’, compress&, albé vel fulva,
rubro vel fusco radiatim fasciata, concentricé costaté ; costis cras-
sis, inequalibus, rotundato-planulatis, prope umbones lamellatis ;
are dorsali planulatim excavati, sparsi; lunuld paululum rece-
dente, indistinct’; margine interno minutissimé crenulato.

The thick, broad, and rather flattened concentric ribs of this
flattish, trigonal shell, are rather more laminated at the sides and
near the umboes than in the centre. In the variety named /. de-
cipiens a few of the lamin are more produced at the sides.

British and Mediterranean seas.

723

58. Venus varicosa (pl. elv. f. 67), Sowerby, gun.

V. testa V. fasciate simili, sed magis elongata; costis concen-
tricis, paucis, tumidis, ante angulum posticum terminatis.

A very awkward shell, which may either be a distinct species,
or an abnormal form of /. fasciata, or even V. Paphia ; like the
latter, the varices are suddenly interrupted before reaching the
posterior angle; like the former, they terminate without forming a
laminar lobe; they are very much swelled, and the shell is more
produced posteriorly than /. fasciata.

Gulf of Mexico. In Mr. Cuming’s collection.

59. Venus pyseERa (pl. clvii. f. 119), Chemn. f. 291-2. Linn.
p. 1130.

V. rotundata, ventricosd, solidd, alba, lamellis erectis eequidis-
tantibus angustis posticé subflexuosis anticé unilobatis cincta ;
latere postico vix truncato; margine dorsali arcuato; are’ acuté
excavata, planulata ; latere antico brevi; lunuld convexé ; margine
interno crenulato.

White, more rounded than /. fasciata, with the concentric la-
mine distant, narrow, terminating anteriorly in a partly separated
lobe, and posteriorly in a slight flexuosity. The dorsal area is
deeply and sharply excavated.

Sidney. Jukes.

60. Venus roporata (pl. clvii. f. 116, 117, 118), Hanley.
V. placida, Philippi, Abbild. t. 2. f. 2.

V. testa rotundataé, alba, nonnunquam pallide radiata, solida ;
lamellis rotundatis, elevatis, reflexis, posticé angulatis, anticé uni-
lobatis; latere postico subtruncato; ared dorsali planulatim ex-
cavati; latere antico unilobato; lunuld laminataé, impressi ; um-
bonibus flavidis.

In V. Dysera the interstices are equal to four ribs, while in this
species the ribs are rather broader than the interstices.

Van Diemen’s Land.

61. Venus tiara (pl. clvii. f. 125-130), Diddwyn, p. 162.
Chemn. £. 279, 280. V. foliacea, Philippi, Abbild. t. 5. f. 1.

V. testé obliqué subrotundata, rubro vel fusco radiatim picta ;
lamellis concentricis, reflexis, extantibus, latis, posticé angulatim
productis et bilobatis, anticé angulatim productis, ad lunulam
elevatis ; ared dorsali planatim subexcavati; lunulé parva, lamel-
lata, impressi ; margine interno crenulato.

124

The concentric laminze vary in number and in the degree in
which the two posterior lobes are produced; at the anterior side
they are slightly lobed and raised upwards, so as to be quite con-
tiguous to the edge of the small lunule.

Philippines. Cuming.

62. Venus Berryt (pl. elx. f. 170-173), Gray, in W.S. t. 2.
f.2. Var. V. gravescens, Menke, Philippi, Abbild. pl. 5. f. 2.

V. testa obliqué ovali, subtrigona, albo-grisescente nonnunquam
fusco fasciatim radiata, intus posticé violaced, laminis erectiuscu-
lis posticé subquadratis anticé sublobatis versus marginem ventra-
lem magis frequentibus concentricé cincté ; latere postico produc-
to, subacuminato ; ared dorsali elongata, arcuatd, planulatim ex-
cavata ; latere antico brevissimo; umbonibus depressis; lunula
ovali, impressé; margine intus crenulato.

More oblique than any of the preceding species of the same
group. ‘The concentric laminz increase in number towards the
ventral margin, at the same time decreasing in developement ;
the dorsal area is large, and arched; the anterior side of the shell
very short, with the umboes curved downwards. In the variety
named V. gravescens by Philippi, the lunule is dark brown, and
the laminze in front more distinctly lobed and angular.

China.

63. Venus axa (pl. clvii. f. 131, 132, 133), Sowerby, yun.

V. testa obliqué subtrigona, alta, albo-grisescente, nonnunquam
fusco radiata, mtus posticé violaced; lamellis concentricis sub-
reflexis, acutis, posticé subangulatis et bilobatis, anticé vix ele-
vatis, angulatim lobatis; ared dorsali lata, planulatim excavata ;
latere antico brevi, valde declivi, ter lunulam et laminas pland ;
margine interno crenulato.

More triangular than /. ¢iiara, the lamine less reflected and
less produced, not so much raised in front, and leaving a space
between their terminations and the lunule. The dorsal margin is
less curved and broader. ‘This latter difference between the
species is the one to be relied on; without it I should not have
thought it right to separate them, seeing the changeable character
of both species in other respects.

Philippines. Cuming.

64. Venus catopuya (pl. clx. f. 176), Hanley, Recent
Shells, Appendix, Suppl. pl. 16. f. 26. V. thiara, Deddwyn, Reeve,
Conch. Syst.

725

V. testa ovata, pallidissimé fulva, subcompressd, laminis latis
pallidé coloratis extantibus utrinque ad latera interruptis tum uni-
lobatis cinctd ; latere postico producto, obliqué subtruncato, mar-
gine dorsali planulatim excavato ; latere antico brevi; lunula le-
vigati, impress.

The broad concentric lamine are interrupted for a space, and
then terminate in a broad square lobe at each side. The form 1s
rather flat and oval.

65. Venus Cuminei (pl. clvu. f. 122), Sowerby, jun.

V. testa rotundata, ventricosd, albd, laminis latis crenulatis
pallidé rufo-strigatis tenuibus utrinque ad latera interruptis tum
unilobatis cincti; latere postico subtruncato; margine dorsali
planulatim excavato, breviusculo ; latere antico brevi; lunula levi-
gata, impressd ; margine intus minuté crenulato.

Rounder and shorter than /’. calophyla, with the lamine inter-
rupted and lobed in the same manner. ‘They are prettily wrinkled
and coloured with light pink rays.

Specimen in Mr. Cuming’s collection from Port Jackson. Jukes.

66. Venus piicata (pl. clx. f. 174), Gmelin, 3276.

V. test compresso, subcordata, alba, pallidé fulva, partim ru-
bro tinct, posticé subquadrata, anticé brevi; laminis concentricis
elevatis, tenuibus, anticé inequaliter expansis, posticé angulatim
bilobatis et productis ; margine dorsali arcuato, planulato ; lunula
levi, impress&; margine intus crenulato.

The shell is of a flattish-cordate form, rather square at the back,
and the lamine very deep, unequally expanded at the anterior
side, and posteriorly produced into two rather tortuous, squarish,
elevated, distant lobes.

West Africa.

67. VENUS LAMELLATA (pl. clx. f.175), Lamarck, Anim. sans
vert. Venus, no. 28.

V. testé oblongo-subquadrata, compressa, pallidé fulva, partim
rubro tincté; laminis elevatis, concentricis, subtus striatis, ad mar-
gines subreflexis, inzequaliter lobatis, posticé quadratis, productis,
bilobatis; latere postico angulato, truncato; margine dorsali la-
minato, planato; lunulé laminat’é; margine interno minutissimé
crenulato.

726

This beautifully foliated Venus has the lamine deeply striated
on the under side, irregularly fringed at the edge, and coiled over ;
at the back they are angulated, and produced into two hollow
lobes. The crenulation of the margin is almost imperceptible.

New Holland.
68. Venus Yaret (pl. clv. f. 68), Gray, Yates, New Zealand.

V. testa ovali-subcordata, pallidé fulva, posticé subquadrata, an-
gulata, anticé brevi; laminis concentricis tenuibus, angulatim la-
queatis, medio et prope umbones subobsoletis; margine dorsali
laminatim striato, plano; lunuld impress; margine ventrali intus
minuté crenulato.

Of a more oblong oval than /. plicata, with an obtuse angle
and quadrate form at the back. The concentric laminze are more
produced at the sides, particularly at the back of the shell, and
angularly fluted.

New Zealand.

69. Venus casina (pl. clx. f. 177-180), Linn. Syst. Nat.
p- 1130. Pectunculus membranaceus, Da Costa. Venus reflexa,
Montague. Venus lactea, Donovan. Venus discina, Lamarck.
Test. jun. Venus Rusterucci, Payraudeau.

V. testa rotundata, solida, posticé subtruncatd, pallidé fulva,
immaculaté vel maculis fuscis suffusis radiatim picta, radiatim
minutissimé striaté, concentricé rugoso-lamellatd; laminis reflexis,
crassis, ineequalibus, posticé magis extantibus; margine dorsali
planulatim subexcavato, paululum arcuato ; lunula striata, impres-
si; margine ventrali intus crenulato.

The laminee are very irregular, closely reflected and thickened
the greater part of their length, but more open at the back of the
shell, which is more distinctly truncated. ‘The species also varies
from being nearly flat, to attaining a thickness almost equal to
its length.

British, Scandinavian, and Mediterranean seas. The specimens
fig. 178, 180 are from Senegal.

70. Venus rosatina (pl. clx. f. 181), Rang, Hanley, Sp. of
Shells, App. Wood’s Index, Suppl. pl. 15. f. 56.

V. testa ovali-subcordata, solida, pallidé fulva, fusco irregulariter
subradiatim maculata, concentricé costellata; costellis rotundatis,
crebris, ad latera subundulatim interruptis, posticé rard in lobum

127

laminatum productis; margine dorsali planulatim excavato; Llu-
nula fusca, substriaté ; margine ventrali intus crenulato.

This shell has much the general appearance of V. cassina, of
which it may, after all, be only an abnormal form; the concentric
ribs however are all closely decumbent and rounded, excepting
at the sides, where they are irregularly interrupted and some of
them thickened; at the back some of them are produced into
thick laminated lobes.

Senegal.

71. Venus verrucosa (pl. clx. f. 182, 183), Linnaeus,
Syst. Nat. 12th edit. p. 1130. Venus erycina, Pennant. Pec-
tunculus strigosa, Da Costa. Test. jun. V. cancellata, Donovan.
V. Lemanii, Payraudeau, Moll. Corse.

V. testa obliqué rotundatd, alb& vel pallidé fulva, fusco lite-
rat; laminis concentricis duplicatis, rugosis, ad latera divaricatim
tuberculatis ; latere postico declivi ; margine dorsali excavato, valve
sinistree levigato; latere antico brevi; margine ventrali elevato,
intus crenulato ; lunula striata, impressa.

A series of diverging channels at the sides of the shell separate
the rough duplicate concentric laminee into wart-like tubercles,
and thus distinguish the species from /’. cassina and others of the
same group.

British and Mediterranean seas, and Senegal.

72. Venus cor (pl. clx. f. 184), Sowerby, yun.

V. testé ventricosissimé, rotundaté, albidé, epidermide tenu1
fulva induta, liris numerosis irregularibus subundulatis rotun-
datis cincti; latere postico magno; margine dorsali elevato ;
ared depressd, striata; latere antico parvo, brevi, angusto, prope
umbones concavo; lunulé distincté nullé ; margine ventrali intus
leevigato.

I name this species from its remarkable resemblance to the
Isocardia of the same name; the hinder side being very large and
inflated, the front small and hollow near the umboes; the con-
centric riblets are numerous and small, rather irregular and undu-
lating ; dorsal margin simple, depressed ; lunule not defined ; inner
Inargin smooth.

The unique specimen is Mr. Cuming’s, from Kurachee, mouth

of the Indus.

73. Venus acrustis (pl. clvi. f. 75, 76, copied), Philippi,
Abbild. t. 4. f. 2.

5B

“V. testi cordato-orbiculari, tumida, solida, alba, sulcis incre-
menti irregularibus, subscalari, radiatim striata; lunula laté cor-
data; ared “nullé ; margine crenulato.”’

I copy the figure and description of this singular-looking shell,
which is white, very globose, rather square, radiately striated, and
with the umbo leaning very much to the front.

Strait of Magellan.

74. Vunus rugosa (pl. clx. f. 185, 186), Gmelin, 3276.
V.nigida, Dillwyn ; Chemn. f. 303. Test. jun. V. cincta, Chemn.
f. 387.

V. testi rotundati, ventricosissim4, costellis concentricis lami-
natis obtusis margine reflexis subtus duplicatis interstriatis cincta,
pallidé fulva, rufo-maculataé; margine dorsali arcuato, angustato,
excavato, valvee sinistree plano, dextree laminato ; lunulé profunda,
cordiformi; latere antico brevi, rotundato, margine elevato, intus
margine ventrali crenulato.

A very veutricose shell, with the laminee smooth and continu-
ous; under each one there is generally a small secondary riblet,
giving the appearance, in specimens where the edges have been
rubbed off, of duplicate ribs. The dorsal margin presents a dif-
ference between the two valves, one being smooth, the other la-
minated.

West Indies.

75. Vunus cresrisutca (pl. clx. f. 187, 188, 189), La-
marck, Anim. sans vert. Venus, no. 10.

V. testa rotundata, ventricosissima, costellis concentricis inter-
striatis omnino (ad latera pracipue) crenulatis cincta, alba, fusco
nigro et rubro radiatim variegaté; area dorsali angusta, valvee
ene rubro vel fulvo, ee drier nigro aeerarinal: lunuld
cordiformi, impress{, punctis aspersa.

This beautifully variegated shell resembles VY. rugosa in form,
but the riblets are crenulated, particularly at the sides, and per-
haps never laminated. ‘The dorsal area is narrow, presenting a
difference in the two valves in colour, one having black spots,
the other bright pmk or brown. I must admit the uncertainty
of identification in respect of this species, which is only
adopted “fuute de mieuz,” in order to avoid having to coin a
new name.

Mr. Cuming’s specimens are from the island of Luzon, Phi-
lippines.

729

76. Venus tyra (pl. cla. f. 192), Manley, Sp. of She ls,
Wood’s Index, Suppl. pl. 16. f. 21.

V. testa ovali, ventricosd, albidi, purpureo vel fulvo nebulosim
variegatd, costellis numerosis obtusis ad latera laminatis et striis
elevatis intermediis cincti; latere postico longiusculo, subtrun-
cato; margine dorsali lato, excavato, valvee sinistre plano, dextrae
laminato ; lunuld cordiformi, striaté; margine ventrali, intus cre-
nulato.

Rather smaller and more oval than either of the preceding, and
slightly truncated at the back. The riblets are numerous, blunt-

edged in the middle, sharper and laminated at the sides. In Mr,
Hanley’ s specimen, from the Gulf of Guinea, the surface is beau-
tifully clouded and spotted with purple. The dorsal area of the
right valve is laminated. ‘The specimen figured is Mr. Cuming’s,
from West Africa.

77. Venus crenucata (pl. clxi. f. 190), Chemnitz, f. 385.
Lamarck, Venus, no. 5. V.crenata, Gel.

V. testa cordiformi, subovali, ventricosi, posticé acuminata, an-
ticé rotundata, breviuscula, alba, fulvo nebulata, laminis concen-
tricis crebris elevatis medio obtusis ad latera laminatis crenulatis
fimbriatis subtus radiatim costelliferis cimcta; latere postico sub-
truncato, subangulato; margine dorsali excavato, declivi, fusco-
maculato, valvee sinistre plano, dextre laminato; margine interno
crenulato ; ; lunula oblonga, cordiformi, fusca, Beiveeie

The strong rib-like crenulations visible on the underside of the
concentric lamine give the appearance of radiating riblets on the
body of the shell, which is, in fact, smooth between them. The

-laminee are blunt in the middle, and sharp, and fringed at the
sides of the shell.

West Indies.

78. Vunus crncutata (pl. clxi. f. 191), Lamarck, Anim. sans
vert. Venus, no. 17. V. pulicaria, Broderip, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1835,
p. 44,

V. testa cordiformi, subovali, ventricos4, posticé et anticé sub-
acuminata, pallidé fulva, fusco lineis angularibus pict, costellis
concentricis medio subobsoletis ad latera laminatis subtus creni-
feris cincta; latere antico breviusculo, declivi; lunuld fused, le-
vigati, magni; latere postico subacuminata; margine dorsali
declivi, lato, excavato, fusco conspicué maculato; margine ven-
trali intus crenulato.

730

The concentric ribs of this species are more obtuse, less elevated,
and less strongly crenulated than those of /. crenulata ; anil
the general form is more elevated, the sides more sloping, and
the terminations more peared The lunule is smooth and
large.

West Columbia. Cuming.

79. Vunus GaLLinuta (pl. clxi. f. 225, 226), Lamarck,
Anim. sans vert.; Delessert, t. 10. f. 3. V.costulata, Wood’s Sup-
plement, t. 2. f. 15.

V. testi oblong’, ventricosi, posticé subangulaté, subtruncatd,
anticé breviusculé, quadratim subrotundata, albidd, fusco angula-
tim lineaté, intus violaced, costellis prominulis subtus crenulatis
laminatis cincté; margine ‘dorsali paululum declivi, subdepresso ;
lunula parva, striata, ovali; margine intus crenulato.

Although similar in the cies of the ribs, this shell differs
widely from /’. crenulata, being of a more oblong, truncated form,
having the dorsal area less distinct, and the lunule small.

New Holland.

80. Venus roveorata (pl. cliv. f. 46), Sowerby, jun.

V. testa lenticulari, compressiuscula, alba, posticé fulvo pallide
tinctd, laminis concentricis numerosis acutis cincta ; margine dor-
sali profund’ excavato, subplanulato ; lunulaé magna, cordiformi,
impressd, substriaté; margine interno crenulato,

Of a lenticular form, white, with a shade of pinkish-brown at
the back; the laminz are very numerous and sharp-edged ; the
dorsal area forms a deep, elongated, smooth-sided pit, from which
I name the species ; the lunule is large ; inner margin crenulated.

Martinique.

81. Venus pecrivis (pl. elvii. f. 128, 124), Sowerby, jun.

V. testa ovali, subcordata, albidé, immaculaté vel pallidé viola-
ceo literati, intus pallidé rosea, laminis concentricis distantibus pro-
minulis et stris intermediis elevatis cinctéi; latere postico sub-
acuminato, declivi; margine dorsali planulatim excavato, irregu-
lariter et sparsim lmeato; lunula impress, cordiformi; margine
interno crenulato.

Rather small; tending to heart-shaped oval, girt with elevated,
sharp, distant laminz and intermediate raised striz ; dorsal edge
sloping, smooth, deeply excavated, and sparingly lineated, even
when the shell is otherwise white. The purple-marked variety
slightly differs in appearance from the others in the rather less

731

prominence of the lamina, but not sufficiently so to justify se-
paration. Both the varieties figured are in Mr, Cuming’s collec-
tion. Mr. Adams’s /. elegans is more elongated.

Eastern Seas.

82. Venus evneans (pl. clvii. f. 188), Adams, Moll. Sama-
rang, p. 79. pl. 24. f. 13.

V. testa V.dechivi simili, sed magis quadrat&é; laminis concen-
tricis alternatim elevatis.

Of a more quadrate and elongated form than /. declivis, with
the ribs alternately more produced, the end slightly truncated.
We copy the figure. The shell is from some of the East Indian
Islands.

83. Venus exaupipa (pl. clxi. f. 193), Chemnitz, Conch.
f. 1974; Lamarck, Venus, no. 29.

V. testi sordidé alba, ovali-subquadrata, magna, strtis elevatis
ineequalibus numerosis ad latera sublaminatis cincti; latere pos-
tico oblongo, subangulato, subtruncato; margine dorsali subar-
cuato, laminato, planulatim depresso ; latere antico subrotundato,
brevi, superné declivi; lunula elongata, striaté ; margine interno
levi.

A large, rather flat, oblong shell, with raised concentric strie,
of very unequal growth and development.

Strait of Magellan.

84. Venus LenticuLaRis (pl. clxi. f. 194), Sowerby, Pro.
Zool. Soc. 1835, p. 42.

“V. testa lenticulari-subtrapeziformi, crassi, opacd, pallida,
levi, lineis concentricis anticé posticéque distinctis, medio ob-
soletis, prope umbonem elevatiusculis ; margine dorsali subrotun-
dato, posticé subangulato ; impressione cordiformi elongata, parva,
impressa, intus albidi; margine ventrali levi.”

Shaped like an Artemis, and nearly smooth, but with the teeth
and muscular impressions more like the generality of species of
Venus ; dorsal margin depressed; lunule long, rather hollow ;
ventral margin smooth within.

Valparaiso Bay; in coarse sand at low water. Cuming.

85. VENUS QUADRANGULARIS (pl. clxi. f. 196), Adams, Voy.
Samarang, Moll. p. 79. pl. 24. f. 7.

“V. testa quadrato-ovata, subcompressa, crassiusculé, concen-
tricé tenuiter et irregulariter striata, pallidé straminea, nitida ;

umbonibus roseis; latere antico brevi, postico multo longiore ;
lunulé parum distinct.”

A companion to V. denticularis, but much thicker and more
square. Of a light shining straw- colour.

Corean Archipelago.

86. Venus oBtonea (pl. clxi. f. 197, 198), Gray, Yates’s
New Zealand.

V. testi ovali, ventricosi, ferrugined vel alba, intus alba, cos-
tellis concentricis numerosis obtusé et interruptim lamellosis non-
nullis subundulatim divaricatis cincté; latere postico elongato,
rotundato; margine dorsali paululum declivi, simplici; latere an-
tico brevi; lunulé plend, striati; margine ventrali intus crenu-
lato.

Of an oblong-oval, full form; the concentric ridges are thick,
square, rather undulated, some of them interrupted and diverging
near the sides, with interstices two or three times their breadth ;
dorsal margin rounded, simple. ‘The anterior side is short, with
laminated lunule; inner margin crenulated.

New Zealand.

87. VENUS ALBO-RADIATA (pl. clx1. f. 199), Sowerdy, jun.

V. testa ovata, ventricosi, fulva grisescente albo biradiata, cos-
tellis concentricis numerosis levibus integris ad latera et prope
marginem erecto-laminatis prope marginem ventralem crebrius-
culis depressis obtusis cincta ; latere postico elongato, ad terminum
obtusé triangulato; margine dorsali striato, subangulatim de-
presso, subarcuato ; latere antico brevi, rotundatim elevato ; lu-
nula fusca, striati; margine ventrali intus crenulato.

In shape and sculpture resembling /’. oblonga, but the concen-
tric laminze smoother, and becoming 1 more close and rounded near
the ventral margin ; the hinder side has three obscure angles at
the extremity, and the dorsal margin is angularly depressed. The
lunule is dark brown.

Gulf of Mexico. In Mr. Cuming’s collection.

88. Venus ALBINA (pl. clxi. f. 201), Sowerbu, jun.

V. testa alba, V. albo-radiate simi, sed antic longiuscula,
margine magis excavata; lunuld fusca, subexcavata ; laminis con-
centricis prope marginem ventralem numerosissimis.

In V. albo-radiata the concentric ribs become closer, broader,

733

and more flattened towards the ventral margin; in this species
they become more numerous and close, but lose none of their
sharpness; the outline of the anterior side in this species is more
hollowed out at the lunule, which is rather excavated and dark
brown.

China. In Mr. Cuming’s collection.

89. VENUS PR&PAREA (pl. clxi. f. 200), Say, An. Sc. Nat.
vol. i. p. 271. V. calcarea, Philipm, Abbild. Venus, t. 3. f. 1.
V. Mortoni, Conrad ?

“V. testa ovato-orbiculari, alba, opaca, veluti calcared, cingulis
transversis lamellosis parum elevatis distantibus demum evanescen-
tibus sculpta ; ared lanceolata, planata, levi; lunulaé cordata, lined
profunda cincti, compressa, striatéi; margine subintegerrimo.”

Of an ovate, rather compressed form, of a greyish or chalky
whiteness, the back rather truncated; in the upper half of the
shell the concentric laminz are distant, entire, and sharply lami-
nated, but near the margin, in the centre, are pressed down and
broad.

North America.

90. VENUS TENUILAMELLATA (pl. clxi. f. 195), Sowerby, yun.

V. test& alba’, ovali, subventricos4, lamellis tenuibus erectis dis-
tantibus eequalibus cincti; latere antico brevi, margine superiore
et lunuld excavatis; umbonibus prominulis; latere postico ob-
longo, subtruncato ; margine dorsali simplici, depresso; margine
ventrali intus leevigato.

This shell is quite distinct from V. Mortoni, which it resembles
in general appearance; it has the concentric lamine equal and
equidistant throughout, and the inner margin smooth. Only one
specimen has been found.

Valparaiso; dredged by Mr. Cuming in sandy mud at twenty
fathoms.

91. Venus mercenaria (pl. clxu. f. 204, 205, 206), Lin-
neus, Syst. Nat. 12th edit. p. 1131. Test. jun. V. notata, Say,
Journ. An. Nat. Sc. Phil. vol. vi. p. 271. V. obliqua e¢ V. cy-
prinoides, Anton.

V. testi cordata, ovata, crassi, obliqua, prope umbones et ad
latera striis elevatis concentricis subeequalibus distantibus cincta,
in medio plana, «tate ferrugined, concolore, intus posticé violacea ;
test. jun. albidaé, fusco-maculati, posticé fusca, intus alba, latere

734

antico brevi; lunula cordata, striata, impressi; latere postico
obliqué declivi, subangnlato; margine dorsali maculato, angula-
tim depresso.

From a great number of specimens in various stages I am led,
notwithstanding the absence of interior purple, the less obliquity,
and the variegated markings of V. xotata of American authors,
to consider it as merely the young state, or, at most, a local
variety of V. mercenaria.

North America.

92. VENus striATULA (pl. clvii. f. 134, 135, 136), Da Costa
(Pectunculus), Brit. Conch. p. 191. pl. 12. f.2; Donovan (Venus).
Venus gallina, duct. Brit., non Linn. V.Pennantii, Morbes. V.
laminosa, Zurt. V. rugosa, Pennant. V. Prideauxiana, Couch.
V. sulcata, V. costata, Brown.

V. testa ovali-subcordata, subcompressi, pallidé fulva, rufo vel
fusco-radiatim fasciaté et mimuté maculata, costellis numerosis
medio rotundatis ad latera laminatis cinctdi; latere antico brevius-
culo, subacuminato, superné declivi; lunula substriatd, planulatim
depress’ ; latere postico producto, subacuminato; margine dorsali
striato, rufo minute maculato, declivi, planulatim depresso; mar-
gine ventrali subrotundato, intus crenulato.

A rather small, oval shell, rather acuminated at each end, and
shorter in front than behind; the riblets are small and numerous,
rounded in the middle, and laminated at the sides; it is generally
of a light brown or whitish colour, rayed and sprinkled with small
reddish spots, particularly on the dorsal area, which is sloping and
flattened.

British Seas.

93. Venus GALLINa (pl. clxi. f. 202, 203), Linneus, Syst.
Nat. 12th edit. p. 1181.

V. testa cordaté, obliqué subtrigond, albi vel fulva, punctis
fuscis aspersi et plerumque fasciati, imtus posticé violaced, cos-
tellis levibus subplanulatis irregulariter undulatis et interruptis
posticé tenuioribus cincté; latere antico breviusculo, subacumi-
nato, superné declivi; umbonibus elevatis ; latere postico subro-
tundato ; margine dorsali striato, depresso, asperso ; margine ven-
trali rotundato, intus crenulato.

A broader and more elevated shell than /. striatula, more
rounded at the sides and ventral margin; the ribs broader and
more flattened in the centre, and irregularly interrupted and un-

735

dulated near the sides, becoming very fine and narrow near the
posterior margin.
Mediterranean.

94. Vunus striata (pl. clxi. f. 207-218), Chemn., Conch.
f. 364, 365, 366. V. tristis, Lamarck, Anim. sans vert. Venus,
no. 78. V. aurisiaca, Wood’s Suppl. pl. 2. f. 12. Var. (f. 208),
V. Japonica, Gmel., p. 3270. V. elegantina, Lamarck, no. 83.

V. testa ovali-subcordata, aurantid, grisea vel albA, immaculatd —
vel maculis griseis angulatim et radiatim picté, intus nonnun-
quam aurantid; costellis levigatis, numerosis, rotundatis, prope
latera subundatis cinctd; latere postico subelongato, subangulato,
vix truncato, acuminato; margine dorsali levigato, plerumque
livido, literato; latere antico breviusculo, subrotundato; lunula
oblonga, polité, lividA; margine ventrali prope medium inflato,
intus levigato.

At first sight it would appear an easy matter to separate two
shells so seemingly distinct as the extreme varieties represented
by f. 207 (V. tristis and V. striata), and f. 208 (V. Japonica and
V. elegantina) ; but it happens very perplexingly, that we have
specimens partaking the characters of both in every point of dif-
ference. Although the varieties differ in height, in fulness, in
the degree of posterior angularity, and in colour, they agree m
having numerous, slightly irregular, not perfectly concentric ribs,
the ventral margin swelled and smooth within, and the dorsal area
and lunule oblong and shining. The var. named ¢vistis has an
orange tint within. ‘The pretty little variety /. awriscaca is from
Mr. Hanley’s collection.

The species ranges from Japan to the Philippines and New
Holland.

95. Venus Lazuana (pl. elxu. f. 214), ddams, Moll. Sama-
rang, p. 79. pl. xx.f, 16.

“V. testa subtriangulari, gibbosd, anticé truncata, posticé
flexuosa, acuminato-rostrata, albida, lineis nigricantibus acuté an-
gulatis ornati, concentricé valde sulcaté; sulcis irregularibus ;
margine ventrali posticé sinuato.”

Not very widely different from the more acuminated varieties
of V. striata, but much more produced and decidedly beaked,
more concentrically and regularly sulcated, more full and rounded

in front. It is elegantly marked with fluctuating grey lines.
Labuan. Adams.

5c

736

96. Venus scaLarIna (pl. clxu. f. 215-220), Lamarck,
Anim. sans vert., Venus, no. 54. Var. V. conularis, Lamarck,
no. 78?

V. testa obliqué ovali, compressa, costis elevatis numerosis ad
Jatera paucis lamelliformibus cincta, albidd, griseo punctatim lite-
rata, vel rufa fusco lineatd, vel albi; intus frequenter posticé
purpureo picti; latere postico obliqué producto, subacuminato ;
latere antico brevi; lunula et area dorsali elongatis, planulatim de-
pressis ; margine ventral levigato.

Obliquely oval, rather flat, with elevated, Scalariform ribs,
which are fewer in number, and more laminar and produced at the
sides ; lunule and dorsal area both long and smooth, inner margin
smooth. The typical colouring is by dull greyish spots in zigzag
rows. In some varieties the ribs are nearly “obsolete in the middle
of the shell. The three followimg species are nearly connected
with this, and, it is just possible, may be only local or accidental
variations.

Australia.

97. Vunus Prronti (pl. clxi. f. 224), Lamarck, Anim. sans
vert. V. no. 81.

V. testi VY. scalarine simili, sed magis ventricosi et oval ;
costellis planulatis, ad latera subobsoletis.
More full and oval than /. sca/arina, with the ribs flat in the

middle, and nearly obsolete at the sides.
Australia.

98. Venus apHroprna (pl. clxu. f. 221), Lamarck, Anim.
sans vert. V.no. 80. Var. V. aphrodinoides, Lamarch, V. no. 84.

V. testa V. scalarine simili, sed haud tantum obliqua, semper
concolori? costellis magis numerosis, medio depressiusculis, pos-
ticé subobsoletis.

The tendency of this species (if distinct) is to be less oblique
than /’. scalarina, with the ribs smaller and more numerous,
much depressed in the centre, and nearly obsolete at the hinder
part. It is not so plump and rounded as /. Peroniz.

Australia.

99. Vunus srricosa (pl. clxu. f. 222, 223), Lamarck, Anim.
sans vert. V. no. 79.

V. testi V. aphrodine simili, sed costellis crenulatis.

737

In form more like V’. aphrodina than V. scalarina, but having
the ribs crenulated by fine radiating strie. Lamarck has not
mentioned the latter character, and perhaps did not observe it,
but the fact of V. aphrodina not beng marked with the angular
‘grey lines which characterize some specimens of our species, points
to the probability of our identification being correct.

Australia.

100. Venus astartorpss (pl. clvin. f. 137), Philippi, —— ?

V. test ovali-subtrigond, levi, alba, epidermide pallidé subviridi
induta, concentricé leviter costellaté'; umbonibus corrosis; mar-
gine dorsali et lunula declivibus, levibus ; latere postico subelon-
gato, vix truncato.

Rather trigonal, very smooth, colourless, and covered by a thin
pale epidermis; the concentric mdges are very slightly raised.
This shell has very much the appearance of an dAs¢arte, but is thin,
and has a slight bend in the pallial impression.

Greenland.

101. Venus gemma (pl. clvii. f. 141), Zotéen, Silliman’s
Journal, vol. 26. p. 367.

V. test minutd, tenui, rotundato-subtrigond, subzquilatera,
levi, posticé violacei; lunula et ared dorsali distinctis nullis;
pallu impressiones sinu elongato, erecto, trigono.

A minute, partly rounded, partly trigonal, nearly equilateral,
smooth, purple-tinged, thin shell, with a remarkably erect,
pointed sinus in the pallial impression.

New York.
102. Venus rumieata (pl. clix. f. 152-155), Sowerby, jun.

V. testa levi, crass, obliqué subovali, anticé rotundata, plana,
posticé subangulatim producta, subsulcaté, colore fumoso, prope
umbones maculatim radiatéi; ared dorsali et lunula lividis, de-
pressis, leevibus ; margine ventrali arcuato.

Much shorter, more full than /. Kochiz, and not contracted or
beaked behind; there are a few slight grooves on the posterior
angle. The colour is dull smoky, with spotted rays near the um-
boes. The fine specimen figured, half the natural size, is from the
collection of Mr. Gaskoin. I regret being unable to find room in
the plates to figure a very smoky variety of this, lately added to
Mr. Cuming’s collection.

Australia. Strange.

738

103. Venus Lavieara (pl. clix. f. 156, 157, 158), Sowerby,
jun.

V. testa V. /umigate simili, sed magis oblongé, haud posticé
suleata.

Very different in general form from V’. fumigata, being of a
much more oblong oval, and also in not having the grooves on the
posterior angle. In many respects however it closely resembles
that species.

Australia. Strange.

104. Vunus vorrra (pl. clvii. f. 139, 140), Quoy, Voyage
of Astrolabe, Moll. pl. 84. f. 13, 14.

V. testa ovali, levigati, concentrice leviter costellaté, pallidé
viridescente, prope marginem griseo-radiaté, intus flavidd, ad mar-
ginem alba, cardine utrinque purpureo-immaculato.

This species, the figure of which we copy, resembles /. fumigata,
but differs in having slightly-raised concentric ridges.

Locality —— ?

105. Venus Kocuit (pl. elvii. f. 147-151), Phelippi, t. 1.
f. 5. V. paupercula, Chemn., f. 1977?

V. testa levi, crassi, variegati, subovali, anticé rotundata, ple-
ni, posticé subangulata, producti, rostrata; ared dorsali et lunulé
declivibus, lividis, levigatis, oblongis; margine ventrali posticé
contracto.

A smooth, thick, oval, variegated shell, rather rounded, and full
in front, and produced behind into an angular beak, the ventral
margin being slightly contracted near the angle.

Mozambique. Zanzibar.

106. Venus Arricana (pl. clix. f. 159-164), Mihl/feldt,
Philippi, Abbild. t. 1. f. 6.

V. “testi compressa, ovato-oblonga, ineequilater’, posticé sub-
rostrata, levissima, albi, radiis latis lineisque fuscis pictaé; lunula
parva, lanceolati, ared exquisite sulcata.”

Very smooth, flat, elongated oval, the hinder side much the
longer, with short sulci on a slight angle. The colouring of the
species is beautifully varied.

Cape of Good Hope.

107. Venus unputosa (pl. clvin. f. 142-146), Lamarck,
Anim. sans vert. no. 85. Venus variabilis, Sowerby, Pro. Zool.

739

Soc. 1835, p. 42. Hanley, Sp. of Shells, Wood’s Suppl. pl. 15.
f. 49.

V. testi oblongo-subtrigona, tenuisulcd, levi, polita, alba, stri-
gilis lineisve angularibus fuscis varié picta, intus albi; margine
integerrimo.

Smooth, nearly trigonal, flat; the lunule long, not very dis-
tinctly marked. Shell sometimes white, but generally marked
with undulating and angular lines. The specimen with a few
pink lines is Mr. Hanley’s, the others are Mr. Cuming’s.

Australia.

108. Venus ponactna (pl. clix. f. 165, 166, 167), Chemmn.,
Conch. f. 1988, 1984. Donax veneriformis, Lamarck, no. 10.
Tank. Cat. V. semicancellata, Koch, Philippi, Abbild. t. 1. f.
2, 3.

V. testé crassi, compressa, trigond, fumoso-fulva, levigata, ob-
scuré radiata et punctata, subsequilaterd ; latere postico angulato,
radiatim striato, ad angulum subcancellato ; latere antico subtri-
gono; lunula et ared dorsali impressis, indistinctis.

Very thick, smooth, triangular, flattish, of a smoky-brown
colour, and nearly equilateral; the hinder side is angulated and
radiately grooved, and at the angle, particularly when young, has
a few cross grooves. The variety is an abnormal form, and
slightly resembles the one figured as V. semicancellata by Philippi.

Japan. Dr, Sibbald.

109. Venus mquitaTera (pl. clix. f. 168, 169), Sowerby
(Donax), Tank. Cat.

V. testa V. donacine simili, sed margine ventrali magis ar-
cuato; latere postico vix angulato ; striis radiantibus nullis.

More arched in the ventral outline, in the hinder slope, and
altogether less angular, than V. donacina ; striated concentrically,
but not cancellated at the hinder angle.

Japan. Dr. Sibbald.

740

LIST OF FIGURES IN PLATES CLI. TO CLXIIL, AND THE
SUPPLEMENTARY PLATE, CLXIII.

Prats CLI.
Fig.
1, 2. V. puerpera, 1, Linn.
3, 4. — lacerata, 3, Hanl.
5. — magnifica, 2, Sowd., jun.
6. — Chemnitzii, 6, Hani.
7, 8. — Listeri, 5, Gray.
9, 10. — multicostata, 7, Sowd.
Puate CLITI.
11-138. V. reticulata, 10, Linn.
14. — costellata, 4, Sowd.
15. — laqueata, 9, Sowd., jun.
16. — nodulosa, 15, Sd., jun.
17, 18. — simillima, 16, 80., jun.
19. — monilifera, 11, 8d., jun.
20, 21. — Lamarckii, 13, Gray.
22. — undatella, 22, Sowd.
23. — resticulata, 8, S6., jun.
24. — ornatissima, 15, Brod.
Prats CLIV.
25. V. Gnidia, 17, Brod.
26, 27. — Amathusia, 18, Phil.
28-31. — cancellata, 19, Linn.
32-34. — compta, 20, Brod.
35-38. — subimbricata, 23, Sowd.
39. — subrostrata, 21, Lamk.
40, 41. — Californiensis, 24, Brod.
42-43. — fluctifraga, 26, Sowd.
44, 45. — callosa, 25, Conrad.
46. — foveolata, 80, Sd., jun.

(The Figure after each name is the number of the Species.)

Fig.
47-49
50, 51

52
53, 54
55, 56
57, 58
59, 60

61

62

63

64

65.

66
67
68

69-72
73, 74:
715, 76
tis
79, 80
81, 82
83, 84
85, 86

87
88-90

91.

92-98

Puate CLV.

. V. granulata, 27, Gel.

. — Stutchburii, 28, Gray.

. — histrionica, 32, Sowd.

. — Columbiensis, 29, Sozwd.
. — pectorina, 30, Lamk.

. — asperrima, 31, Sowd.

. — intersecta, 33, Sowd., jn.
. — Paphia, 50, Linn.

. — affinis, 51, ?

. — subrugosa, 52, Sowd.

. — Kellettii, 53, Hinds.

— discrepans, 55, Sowd.

. — Peruviana, 64, Sowd.

. — varicosa, 58, Sowd., jun.
. — Yatei, 68, Gray.

Piate CLVI.

. V. pygmeea, 12, Lamk-.

. — crenifera, 34, Sowd.

. — agrestis, 73, Phil.

. — decorata, 35, Brod.

. — Cochinensis, 27, Thorpe.
. — imbricata, 36, Sowd., jn.
. — squamosa, 38, Linn.

. — flexuosa, 39, Linn.

. — punctifera, 40, Gray.

. — macrodon, 41, Lamk.
— rostrata, 42, Sowb., jun.
. — spurca, 49, Sowd.

741

Pratr CLVITI.

Fig.

99,100. V. ovata, 43, Penn.
101, 102. — seabra, 45, Hani.
103-105. — striatissima, 44, Sd.j2.

106. — costellifera,46,4dams.
107-110. — marica, 47, Linn.
111, 112. — australis, 48, Sd., gun.

113. — Cypria, 56, Sowd.
114, 115. — fasciata, 57, Donov.
116-118. — roborata, 60, Hanl.

119. — Dysera, 59, Chemn.

122. — Cumingi, 65, S., jn.
123, 124. — declivis, 81, S4., jun.

Prats CLVIII.

125-1380. V. thiara, 61, Dillw.
131-1383. — alta, 63, Sowd., jun.
134-136. — striatula, 92, Costa.
137. — astartoides, 100, Phil.
138. — elegans, 82, ddams.
139, 140. — polita, 104, Quoy.
141. — gemma, 101, Totten.
142-146. — undulosa, 107, Lamk.
147-151. — Kochi, 105, Phil.

Puate CLIX.

152-155. V. fumigata, 102, 8d., jn.
156-158. — levigata, 103, Sd., jn.
159-164. — Africana, 106, ALih/f.
165-167. — donacina, 108, Chem.
168, 169. — equilatera, 109, Sows.

Puate CLX.

170-173. V. Berryi, 62, Gray.
174. — plicata, 66, Gmed.
175. — lamellata, 67, Lamh.
176. — calophyla, 64, Hand.

177-180. — casina, 69, Linn.

Fig.
181. V. rosalina, 70, Rang.
182, 183. — verrucosa, 71, Linn.

184. — cor, 72, Sowd., jun.
185, 186. — rugosa, 74, Gmel.
Priare CLXI.
187-189. V. crebrisulea, 75, Lamk.
190. — crenulata, 77, Chemn.
191. — cingulata, 78, Lamk.
192. — lyra, 76, Hani.
193. — exalbida, 83, Chemn.
194. — lenticularis, 84, Sowdé.
195. — tenuilamellata, 90,5,.
196. — quadrangulus, 85, Ad.
197, 198. — oblonga, 86, Gray.
199. — albo-radiata, S0., jun.
200. — preeparea, 89, Say.
201. — albina, 81, S0., jun.
202, 203. — gallina, 98, Linn.

Prats CLXII.
204-206. V. mercenaria, 91, Linn.
207-213. — striata, 94, Chemn.

214. — Labuana, 95, Adams.
215-220. — Scalarina, 96, Lamk.

221. — aphrodina, 98, Lamk.
222, 223. — strigosa, 99, Lamk.

224. — Peronii, 97, Lamk.
225, 226. — gallinula, 79, Lamh.

Puate CLXIUII.
(Supplementary descriptions following.)
MEROE.

16. M. excavata, 5, Hani.

17. — menstrualis, 8, Menke.
18, 19. — Solandri, 7, Gray.

CYTHERMA.
202. C. pannosa, 82, Sowd.

742

Fig. Fig.
204. C. consanguinea, 119, CIRCE.
C. B. Adams. 53, 54. C. dispar, 5, Chemn.
204. — umbonella, 37, Lamh. 55-58. — minima, 16, Mont.
205. — rutila, 116, Swd. jun. TAPES.
206, 207. — Philippinarum, 52, 158. T. sulcosa, 1, Phil.
Hanley. 159. — Dombeyi, 62, Lamk.
208, 209. — disrupta, 117, Sd. jn. 160. — Merozformis, 75, 8.7.
210. — innocéns, 118, Sd. jn. | 161, 162. — expallescens, 73, Phil.
211. — iridescens, 120, Sd. jn. 163. — fluctuosa, 74, Gould.

SUPPLEMENTARY DESCRIPTIONS OF SPECIES AND
VARIETIES OF VENERIDA.

Genus MEROK, from page 611, pl. exxvi.

Sp. 5. M. excavata (f. 18, 14; var. pl. clxin. f. 16). Va-
riety and synonym omitted.—Cytherea vaginalis, Menke, Phil.
Abbild. t. 3. £ 2.

Sp. 7. M. Sozanprr (f. 10; var. pl. clxii. f. 18,19). Va-
rieties and synonyms omitted.—Cytherea hians, Wood’s Supple-
ment, pl. 2.1, LI.

Sp. 8. M. mensrruatis (pl. clxin. f. 17), Menke, Phil. Ab-
bild. Cyth. t. 3. £. 3.

“M. testé suborbiculaté, convexiusculd, anterius compressa,
longitudinaliter leviter striaté, obsoleté decussati, livido-fusca,
lineis angularibus cruentis lividis transversim seriatis pict; mar-
gine intus crenato; ano lineari, subulato; valv4 profundé im-
pressi, patente.”

Large, flat, orbicular, slightly striated, and altogether very dif-
ferent from any other species.

Genus CYTHERAIA, from page 646, pl. exxxvi.

Sp. 37. C. uMBoNELLA (pl. cxxx. f. 63-66; var. pl. clxmi.
f. 204). A pretty variety from Mr. Campbell’s collection.

743

Sp. 52. C. Poicipprvarum (pl. exxxvi. f. 176; var. pl. clxi.
f. 206, 207). A beautiful undulated variety, and another.

Sp. 82. C. pannosa (pl. exxxi. f. 140-142; var. pl. clxii.
f. 202). A variety necessary to elucidate the species.

Sp. 116. C. rurita (pl. clxin. f. 205), Sowerby, jun.

Cyth. testi leevigaté, subcompress, lata et. alt4, subovali, sub-
rosea, fasciis radiatis ineequalibus interruptis latis picté; margine
dorsali castaneo-maculato ; lunulé elongata, distincta, levi, pla-
nulata.

A magnificent shell in Mr. Cuming’s collection, smooth, with
broad rays of chestnut-colour on a pinkish ground; the dorsal
margin is smooth, with large angular spots; the lunule is smooth
and long.

Sp. 117. C. pisrupra (pl. clxin. f. 208, 209), Sowerby, jun.

Cyth. testa ovali, levigaté, subcompress4, concentricé tenuiter
striata, albida, fulvo disruptim radiaté et maculata; margine dor-
sali declivi, polito, maculis magnis castaneis variegato; lunula
excavati ; latere antico breviusculo, postico subacuminato.

This may possibly be only a smoother variety of C. mudtistriata,
sp. 56, f. 117; the broken-up spots and bands and the broad
patches on the dorsal margin are remarkable, and the excavated
lunule more so; the shell is broader and less pointed than C. mu/-
tistriata.

New Zealand. Strange.

Sp. 118. C. unocens (pl. elxin. f. 210), Sowerby, jun.

Cyth. test& ovali, levigaté, compressi, concentricé tenuiter
striata, pallida, versus marginem fulva, interruptim radiata; mar-
gine dorsali levi, submaculato; lunula parva, distinct, planulata ;
latere postico obtusé rotundatim angulato, subtruncato.

Closely resembling the preceding, but much more simple and
unobtrusive in its colouring, and having the lunule small and not
at all excavated.

Sp. 119. C. consancurnea (pl. clxui. f. 203), C. B. Adams.

Cyth. testa tenui, inflata, leevigata, pallida, prope umbones ra-
diaté, margine ventrali rotundati, antice clevaté ; margine dorsali
5D

744

declivi, anticé subacuminato ; lunula lata, cireumscripta; umbo-
nibus inflatis, roseis.

Distinguishable from C. cnfiata (nobis) only in having an im-
pressed line circumscribing the lunule, and being a little more

pointed anteriorly.
Panama. C..B. Adams.

Sp. 120. C. rrrpescens (pl. clxin. f. 211), Sowerby, jun.

Cyth. testa parva, rotundata, iridescente-alba, concentricé versus
marginem ventralem minuté elevatim striata; margine dorsalt de-
clivi; lunulé magn, circumscripta, cardine dente antico magno.

A small, white, rounded shell, with an iridescent white surface,
striated concentrically near the ventral margin.

Genus CIRCH, from page 650, pl. exxxix.

Sp. 5. C. pispar (pl. exxxvu. f.10,11; var. pl. elxin. f. 53,
54). Two beautiful varieties recently received by Mr. Cuming.

Sp. 15. C. minrva (pl. exxvin. f. 18-21; var. pl. elxin.
f. 55, 56, 57, 58). Varieties from Puerto Santo. M‘Andrew.

Genus TAPES, from page 699, pl. cli.

Sp. 8. T. sutcosa (pl. exlv. f. 14; var. pl. clxin. f. 158).
A variety in Mr. Gaskoin’s collection, more ventricose in the
centre, and more smooth near the umboes.

Sp. 10. T. rexritn (pl. exlvi. f. 26-28). One or two spe-
cimens exist in Mr. Gaskoin’s collection, resembling the variety
f. 28, but having a few sulci similar to those in 7’ rimosa. Is
this a new species P

Sp. 62. T. DomBzyr (pl. cl. f. 118; var. pl. clxi.f. ).
If a variety, a very remarkable one, still not sufficiently defined in
character to describe as a species.

Sp. 73. T. expatLescens (pl. clxii. f. 161, 162), Phodippi,
Abbild. t. 3. f. 5.

Tap. “testa ovato-oblongd, subellipticé, compressa, albida, ad
apicem violascente, opaci, transversim irregulariter striata; area
omnino nullé; lunulé cordati, lined impressd cincté, parum dis-
tincté; margine integerrimo.”

A small, white, compressed, smooth shell, from Chili.

745

Sp. 74. T. rrucruosa (pl. elxii. f. 163), Gould, Invert. Mass.
prog! to0.

Tap. testi parva, tenui, compressa, ovali, pallidé fulva, minute
radiatim striatd, posticé levigaté, margine dorsali depresso, recti-
usculo; latere postico oblongo, subtruncato, margine interno cre-
nulato.

A small, thin, flattish-oblong shell, of a pale colour, minutely
striated in both directions, but most conspicuously radiating from
the umboes.

Sp. 75. T. Meroarormis (pl. clxii. f. 160), Sowerdy, jun.

Tap. testa solidi, subcompressa, ineequaliter subtrigona, leviter
rotundatim sulcaté, ad umbones levigatd, omnino pallidé fulva,
medio et prope umbones castaneo marmorati; latere antico brevi ;
lunula depress&, lanceolata, polita, declivi; Jatere postico subelon-
gato, subtruncato ; margine dorsali declivi, laté depresso, nitente.

A fine species recently received by Mr. Cuming, at first sight
very nearly resembling a Meroe, but wanting the deep incision of
the dorsal margin characteristic of that genus.

TAG

INDEX TO THE FAMILY

VENERIDA.

GENERA.

MERrog, p. 609, pl. cxxv., and suppl. in pl. elxiii.

CyTHER#A, p. 611, pl. exxvii. to exxxvi., and suppl. in pl. elxiii.
Circe, p. 648, pl. exxxvii. to cxxxix., and suppl. in pl. elxiii.
Artemis, p. 655, pl. exl. to exliv.

Lucinopsis, p. 676, pl. cxliv.

Tapgs, p. 678, pl. cxlv. to cli., and suppl. in pl. elxiii.
CiEMENTIA, p. 700, pl. cli.

Venus, p. 703, pl. clii. te clxii.

ALPHABETICAL ARRANGEMENT OF SPECIFIC NAMES.

abbreviata, Lamk., Cyth. 110. pl. 135. f. 170, 171.
acetabulum, Conrad, Jay’s Cat., Art. unknown.
acuminata, Sowd., jun., Cyth. 75*. pl. 136. f. 178.
acuminata, Sowd., jun., Tap. 36. pl. 149. f. 105.
Adansoni, Phil., Art. 42. pl. 142. f. 52.
Adenensis, Phil., Tap. aurea, or vermicularis ?
enea, Turt., Tap. aurea, sp. 38.

eequilatera, Sowd. (Donax), Ven. 109. pl. 159. f. 168, 169.
equivoca, Chemn., Cir. 4. pl. 137. f. 12-15.
Africana, Gray, Art. 40. pl. 142. f. 48.

Africana, Mihif., Ven. 106. pl. 159. f. 159-164.
affinis, Brod., Cyth. 62. pl. 132. f. 101.

INDEX TO THE VENERIDA.

affinis, Gmel., Oyth. lata, sp. 84?

affinis, Sowd., jun., Ven. 51. pl. 155. f. 62.
agrestis, Phil., Ven. 73. pl. 156. f. 75, 76.

alata, Reeve, Art. 63. pl. 144. f. 73.

albida, Gray, Cyth. King, sp. 92* ?

albina, Lamk., Cyth. 73. pl. 133. f. 121.

albina, Sowd., jun., Ven. 88. pl. 161. f. 202.
albo-cincta, Sowd., jun., Cyth. 83. pl. 136. f. 187.
albo-radiata, Sowd., gun., Ven. 87. pl. 161. f. 199.
alta, Sowd., jun., Ven. 63. pl. 158. f. 129-131.
alternata, Brod., Cyth. circinata, sp. 65.

amabilis, Pxil., Tap. 6. pl. 145. f. 11.
Amathusia, Phil., Ven. 18. pl. 154. f. 26, 27.
amphidesmoides, Reeve, Art. 15. pl. 141. f. 17-19.
angulifera, Sowd., jun., Cyth. 81. pl. 136. f. 189.
angulosa, Phil., Art. 27. pl. 141. f. 26.

anomala, Lamk. (Ven. 51.), not recognized.
antiqua, Gray, Ven. costellata, sp. 4.

anus, Phil., Art. 69. pl. 144. f. 82.

aper, Quoy, Tap. texturata, sp. 39 ?

aphrodina, Lamk., Ven. 98. pl. 162. f. 221.
aphrodinoides, Lamk., Ven. aphrodina, sp. 98.
apicalis, Phil., Cir. minima, sp. 16.

Arabica, Chemn., Cyth. 108. pl. 135. f. 165-168.
arenosa, Phil., Tap. 34. pl. 146. f. 33.

argentina, Sowd., Cyth. 34. pl. 129. f. 62.

aspera, Reeve, Art. 48. pl. 143. f. 56.

asperrima, Sowd., Ven. 31. pl. 155. f. 57, 58.
aspersa, Lamk., Tap. 19. pl. 147. f. 52.
astartoides, Phil. ? Ven. 100. pl. 158. f. 137.
aurantia, Hanl., Cyth. 58. pl. 132. f. 97 dis.
aurea, Gmel., Tap. 38. pl. 149. f. 108-110.
aurisiaca, Wood, Ven. striata, sp. 94.

australis, Sowd., jun., Cir. 6. pl. 137. f. 16, 17.
australis, Quoy, Art. variegata, sp. 72.

australis, Chemn., Cyth. castrensis, sp. 108.
australis, Sowd., Ven. 48. pl. 157. f. 111, 112.
Belcheri, Sowd., jun., Tap. 20. pl. 147. f. 50, 51.

748 INDEX TO THE

Belcheri, So2d., jun., Cyth. 80. pl. 136. f. 188.
Berryi, Gray, Ven. 62. pl. 160. f. 170-178.
Beudantui, Payr., Tap. petalina, sp. 35.

bicolor, Gray, Cyth. 19. pl. 127. f. 10, 11.
bicolor, Lamk., Tap. floridella, sp. 33.

bilunata, Gray, Art. 56. pl. 143. f. 66.
bilunulata, Brit. Mus., Cyth. Kingii, sp. 92*? *
biradiata, Sowb., Cyth. squalida, sp. 61*.
Birmanica = Meroe seminuda, sp. 3.

biscocta, Reeve, Art. 44. pl. 142. f. 50.
brevispinosa, Sowd., jun., Cyth. 71. pl. 132. f. 109.
Bruguieri, Hand., Tap. 60. pl. 150. f. 130, 131.
brunnea, Chemn., Cyth. casta? sp. 31.

bullata, Sozd., jun., Cyth. 96. pl. 136. f. 192.
cerulea, Reeve, Art. 32. pl. 142. f. 43, 44.
calcarea, Phil., Ven. preparea, sp. 89.

calculus, Reeve, Art. 43. pl. 142. f. 53.
Californiensis, Brod., Ven. 24. pl. 154. f. 40, 41.
callosa, Conrad, Ven. 25. pl. 154. f. 44, 45.
callypiga, Lamk., Tap. flammiculata, sp. 26.
calophyla, Han/., Ven. 64. pl. 160. f. 176.
calypiga, Born, Cyth. 112. pl. 135. f. 164.
canaliculata, Sowd., gun., Art. 49. pl. 143. f. 58.
cancellata, Linn., Ven. 19. pl. 154. f. 28-31.
cancellata, Chemn., var. Ven. Lamarckii, sp. 13.
ceardilla, Lamk. (Cyth. 54), Ven. Stutchburii ?
cardioides, Lamk. (Krycina), Ven. striatissima, sp. 44.
cardioides, Lamk., Ven. pectorina, sp. 30.
carneola, Lamk., Tap. flammiculata, sp. 26.
casina, Linn., Ven. 69. pl. 160. f. 177-180.
casta, Gmel., Cyth. 31. pl. 129. f. 48-46.
castanea, Lamk., Cyth. impudica, sp. 30.
castrensis, Linn., Cyth. 103. pl. 134. f. 151-154.
catenifera, Lamk., Tap. 25. pl. 149. f. 106, 107*.
Ceylonensis, Sowd., jun., Tap. 16. pl. 146. f. 24, 25.
Chemnitzii, Han/., Ven. 5. pl. 152. f. 6.
Chinensis, Chemn., Art. 20. pl. 141. f. 23, 24.
Chilensis, Sowd., Tap. Dombeyi, sp. 62.

FAMILY VENERIDA. 749

Chione, Linn., Cyth. 59. pl. 132. f. 78.

cincta, Chemn., Ven. rugosa, sp. 74.

cingenda, Dillw., Ven. cancellata, sp. 19.
eingulata, Lamk., Ven. 78. pl. 161. f. 191.
cingulina, —-— ? Ven. Berryi?

circinata, Born, Oyth. 65. pl. 132. f. 104-106.
citrina, Lamk., Cyth. 86. pl. 132. f. 117, 118.
Cochinensis, Thorpe, Ven. 37. pl. 156. f. 80.
celata, Menke, Ven. spurca, sp. 49.
Columbiensis, Sowd., Ven. 29. pl. 155. f. 53, 54.
compressa, Sowd., jun., Cyth. 13. pl. 128. f. 33, 34.
compta, Loven, Art. 37. pl. 142. f. 45.

compta, Brod., Ven. 20. pl. 154. f. 32-34.
concentrica, Gmel., Art. 1. pl. 140. f. 1.
concinna, Sowd., Cyth. 94. pl. 132. f. 99, 100.
concinna, Sowd., jun., Art. 9. pl. 140. f. 4.
consanguinea, C. B. Adams, Cyth. 119. pl. 63. f. 208.
contusa, Reeve, Art. 62. pl. 143. f. 70.

conularis, Lamk., Ven. scalarina, sp. 96.

convexa, Say, Cyth. 90. pl. 1382. f. 119.

corbis, Lamk., Ven. reticulata, sp. 10.

corbicula, Lamk., Cyth. 7. pl. 128. f. 37-39.
cor, Sowd., jun., Ven. 72. pl. 160. f. 184.
corrugata, Giel., Tap. 42. pl. 150. f. 121, 122.
corrugata, Reeve, Art. 54. pl. 14:3. f. 63.
corrugata, Diilw., Cir. rugifera, sp. 13.

costata, Chemn., Cyth. 40. pl. 180. f. 70, 71.
costata, Brown, Ven. striatula, sp. 92.

costellata, Sowd., Ven. 4. pl. 153. f. 14.
costellifera, dams, Ven. 46, pl. 157. f. 106.
costulata, Wood, Ven. gallinula, sp. 79.

crassa, Quoy, Ven. spurca, sp. 49.

crassatelloides, Conrad, Cyth. 1. pl. 127. f. 1, 2, 3.
erassicosta, Quoy, Tap. 63. p. 149. f. 93.
crassisulca, Lam/h., not recognized.

crebrisulea, Lamk., Ven. 75. pl. 161, f. 187-189.
crenata, Gmel., Ven. crenulata, sp. 77.

erenifera, Sowd., Ven. 34. pl. 156. f. 73, 74.

INDEX ‘TO ‘THE

erenulata, Chemn., Ven. 77. pl. 161, f. 190.
cretacea, Aeeve, Art. 46. pl. 142. f. 51.

crocea, Gray, Cir. 14. pl. 139. f. 49-52.

Cumingii, Sowd., jun., Tap. 41. pl. 150. f. 128.
Cumingil, Sowd., jun., Ven. 65. pl. 157. f. 122.
Cuming, Reeve, Art. 57. pl. 143. f. 64.

cuneata, Lamk., Cir. equivoca, sp. 4 ?

Cypria, Sowd., Ven. 56. pl. 157. f. 113.

cyprinoides, Anton, Ven. mercenaria, sp. 91.
Cygnus, Lamk., Cyth. 66. pl. 132. f. 107.

Cyril, PAil., Cir. minima, sp. 16,

dactyloides, Sowd., jun., Tap. 43. pl. 150. f. 129.
damaoides, Gray, Cyth. 4. pl. 127. f. 7-9.
decipiens, fanl., Ven. Wood’s Suppl. pl. 16. f. 22.
declivis, Sowd., jun., Ven. 81. pl. 157. f. 123, 124,
declivis, Sowd., jun., Tap. 7. pl. 145. f. 9.

decorata, Brod., Ven. 35. pl. 156. f. 77, 78.
decussata, Linn., Tap. 52. pl. 150. f. 115, 115*.
denticulata, Sowd., jun., Tap. 43, pl. 150. f. 114.
Deshayesu, Hanl., Tap. 22. pl. 146. f. 85-38.
dentaria, Lamk. (Cyth. 78), not recognized.
denticulata, Quoy, Ven. spurea, sp. 49.
Dieffenbachii, Gray, Dauna of New Zealand, not recognized.
Dione, Linn., Cyth. 67. pl. 182. f. 110.

discina, Lamk., Ven. casina, sp. 69, Young.

discors, Sowd., jun., Tap. 68. pl. 151. f 148-150.
discrepans, Sowd., Ven. 55. pl. 155. f. 65.

discus, /teeve, Art. 10. pl. 140. f 9.

dispar, Chemu., Cir. 5. pl. 137. f. 10. 11, et pl. 163. f. 53, 54.
disrupta, Sowd., juu., Tap. 44. pl. 149. f. 95.
disrupta, Sowd., jun., Cyth. 117. pl. 163. f. 208, 209.
distans P Art. 2. pl. 140. f. 3.

divaricata, Gmel., Cir. 3. pl. 187. f. 8, 9.

diversa, Sowd., jun., Tap. 65. pl. 146. f. 41.

dysera, Chemu., Ven. 59. pl. 157. f. 119.

Dolabella, Sowd., jun., Cyth. 23. pl. 127. f. 15.
Dombeyii, Lamk., Tap. 62. pl. 150. f. 118, et pl. 163. f. 118
donacina, Chemn., Ven. 108. pl. 159. f. 165-167.

FAMILY VENERIDZ. (Cay

dorsata, Lamk., Tap. turgida, sp. 17.

“ Dosin,” Adanson, Art. Adansoni, sp. 42.

dubia, Sowd., Cyth. 2. pl. 127. f. 4.

Dunkeri, Pxil., Art. 7. pl. 140. f. 5.

duplicata, Reeve, Art. 59. pl. 143. f. 67.

dysera, Chemn., Ven. cancellata, sp. 19.

edulis, Gmel., Tap. virginea, sp. 40.

effossa, Hant., Meroe 2. pl. 126. f. 11, 12.
elegans, Koch, Cyth. 113. pl. 135. f. 163.
elegans, ddams, Ven. 82. pl. 158. f. 138.
elegantina, Lamk., Ven. striata, sp. 94.

elevata, Say, Ven. crenifera, sp. 34?

elliptica, Sowd., jun., Cyth. 114. pl. 135. f. 173, 174.
elliptica, Brown, Tap. virginca, sp. 40.

encausta ? Ven. Amathusia, sp. 18.
entobapta, Jonas, Ven. granulata, sp. 27.

erycina, Penn., Ven. verrucosa, sp. 71.

eryeina, Linn., Cyth. 38. pl. 130. f. 69.
erycinella, Lamk., Cyth. 41. pl. 130. f. 85.
erythreea, Jonas, Cir. plebeja, sp. 15.

euglypta, Phil., Tap. 5. pl. 145. f. 17.

exalbida, Chemn., Ven. 83. pl. 161. f. 193.
exarata, Phil., Tap. 4. pl. 145. f. 18.

exasperata, Phil., Art. 55. pl. 143. f. 62.
excavata, Hanl., Meroe, 5. pl. 126. f. 18, 14, et pl. 163. f. 16
excisa, Chemn., Art. 61. pl. 143. f. 69.

exilis, Chemn., Cyth. zonaria, sp. 29.

exoleta, Zinn., Art. 12. pl. 141. f. 42, 43, 44.
expallescens, Phil., Tap. 73. pl. 163. f. 161, 162.
fasciata, Donov., Ven. 57. pl. 157. f. 114, 115.
Jasciatus, Costa (Cuneus), Tap. virginea, sp. 40.
fastigiata, Sowd., jun., Cyth. 106. pl. 135. f. 158, 159.
ferruginea, Reeve, Art. 29. pl. 142. f. 34.

festiva, Paris Mus., Cyth. 47. pl. 130. f. 72.
fibula, Reeve, Art. 45. pl. 142. f. 49.

flammea, Lamk. (Ven. 84), not recognized.
flammiculata, Zamk., Tap. 26. pl. 148. f. 56-61.
flexuosa, Zinn., Ven. 39. pl. 156. f. 85, 86.

w

INDEX TO THE

florida, Zamk., Cyth. 53. pl. 136. f. 193-196.
florida, Lamk., Tap. 82. pl. 149. f. 112, 113.
florida, Poli, Tap. decussata, sp. 52.

floridella, Lamk., Tap. 33. pl. 149. f. 96-99.
fluctifraga, Sowd., jun., Ven. 26. pl. 154. f. 42, 43.
fluctuata, Sowd., jun., Cyth. 79. pl. 136. f. 185, 186.
fluctuosa, Gould, Tap. 74. pl. 163. f. 163.

foliacea, Phil., Ven. thiara, sp. 61.

formosa, Sowd., jun., Cyth. 28. pl. 129. f. 47.
foveolata, Sowd., jun., Ven. 80. pl. 154. f. 46.
fulminata, Valenc., Cyth. 92. pl. 183. f. 137.
fumigata, Sowd., jun., Ven. 102. pl. 159. f. 151-153.
fusca, Koch, Cyth. lusoria, sp. 26.

fuscolineata, Sowd., Tap. 69. pl. 151. f. 145,
galactites, Lamk., Tap. 59. pl. 151. f. 132.

gallina, Linn., Ven. 93. pl. 161. f. 202, 203.
gallinula, Zamk., Ven. 71. pl. 162. f. 225, 226.
gallus, Gmel.

gemma, Totten, Ven. 101. pl. 158. f. 141.
geographica, Chemn., Tap. 49. pl. 87-91.

gibbia, Lamk., Cir. 2. pl. 137. f. 4-7.

gigantea, Linn., Cyth. 57. pl. 131. f. 86.

gigantea, Sowb., Art. ponderosa, sp. 3.

glandina, Lamk., Tap. geographica, sp. 50.

glauca, Reeve, Art. compta, sp. 37.

Gnidia, Brod. et Sowb., Ven. pl. 154. f. 25.
eracilior, Sowd., jun., Cyth. 10. pl. 128. f. 32.
granulata, Gmel., Ven. 27. pl. 155. f. 47-49.
eranulifera, Sowd., jun., Clem. 3. pl. 151. f. 154.
yraphica, Lamk. = Cyth. petechialis, sp. 25.

erata, Say, Tap. 71. pl. 151. f. 152.

gravescens, Menke, Ven. 62. pl. 160. f. 170-178.
grisea, Lamk. (Ven. 19), a Tapes not recognized.
Gruneri, Phil., Art. 41. pl 142. f. 47.

CGuineensis, Lamk., Cyth. circimata, sp. 65.
Hanleyana, Sowd., jun., Cyth. 16. pl. 128. f. 23, 24.
Hanleyi, Sowd., jun., Tap. 37. pl. 149. f. 102, 103.
Hebroea, Lamk., Cyth. 100. pl. 134. f. 143-148.

PAMILY VENERIDA, 753

hepatica, Pai., Art. 31. pl. 142. f. 35, 36.
hiantina, Zamk., Tap. flammiculata, sp. 26.
hieroglyphica, Conrad, Cyth. 105. pl. 134. f. 150.
Hindsii, Hanil., Cyth. 8, pl. 128. f. 27.

Histrio, Gizel., Cyth., not recognized.

histrionica, Sowd., Ven. 32. pl. 155. f. 52.
ignobilis, Anton, Tap. intermedia, sp. 49.
ineequalis, Say, Venus, not recognized.

incerta, Sowd., jun., Tap. 30. pl. 148. f. 77.
incerta, Sowd., jun., Cyth. 18. pl. 128. f. 17.
incisa, Feeve, Art. 5. pl. 140. f. 7.

incompta, Phil. (Ven.), Lucinopsis undata.
inconspicua, Sowd., Cyth. 92. pl. 132. f. 1838, 134.
indecora, Phil., Cyth. 78. pl. 136. f. 179.

Indica, Hani., Tap. 55. pl. 151. f. 146, 147.
inflata, Sowd., jun., Art. 22. pl. 141. f. 25.
inflata, Sovd., jun., Cyth. 89. p. 133. f. 127, 128.
imbricata, Sowd., jun., Ven. 36. pl. 156. f. 81, 82.
immaculata, Lamk. (Cyth. 42), not recognized.
impar, Lamk., Cyth. 46. pl. 131. f. 77.

impressa, Anton, Ven. flexuosa, sp. 39.

impudica, Chemn., Cyth. 30. pl. 129. f. 55-58.
innocens, Sowd., jun., Cyth. 118. pl. 163. f. 210.
inquinata, Lamk. (Ven. 88), not recognized.
intermedia, Sowd., jun., Cyth. 12. pl. 128. f. 35.
interrupta, Lamk., Cyth.; a Lucina ?

intermedia, Quoy, Tap. 46. pl. 146. f. 39, 40.
intersecta, Sowd., Ven. 33. pl. 155. f. 59, 60.
iridescens, Sowd., jun., Cyth. 120. p. 163. f. 211.
Isocardia, Dunker, Art. 18. pl. 141. f. 29, 30.
Japonica, Gmel., Ven, striata, sp. 94

Japonica, Reeve, Art. 51. pl. 143. f. 60.

juvenilis, Gmel., Art. 67. pl. 144. f. 74-76.
juvenis, Chemn., Art. juvenilis, sp. 67.

Kellettii, Hinds, Ven. 53. pl. 155. f. 64.

Kingii, Gray, Cyth. 92*. pl. 133. f. 129-182.
Kochii, Phil., Ven. 105. pl. 158, f. 147-151
Kroyeri, Phil., Art., not known.

7

3)

INDEX TO THE

Labuana, ddams, Ven. 95. pl. 162. f. 214.
lacerata, Hani., Ven. 3. pl. 152. f. 3, 4.
lactea, Donov., Ven. casina, sp. 69.

lactea, Lamk., Cyth. 47, not recognized.

leta, Linn., Cyth. 84. pl. 133. f. 1238, 124.
leevigata, Sowd., jun., Ven. 1038. pl. 159. f. 156-158.
lagopus, Lamk. (Ven. 23), not recognized.
Lamarckii, Gray, Ven. 13. pl. 153. f. 20, 21.
Lamarcku, Gray, Cyth. Kingii, sp. 92*.
Lajonkarii, Payr., Tap. 57. pl. 150. f. 120.
lamellata, Lamk., Ven. 67. pl. 160. f. 175.
lamellata, Reeve, Art. 58. pl. 143. f. 65.
laminata, Reeve, Art. 71. pl. 144. f. 86, 87.
laminosa, Turton, Ven. striatula, sp. 92.
laqueata, Sowd., jum., Ven. 91. pl. 153. f. 15.
laterisulca, Lamk:., Tap. 24. pl. 148. f. 67-76.
Lemannii, Payr., Ven. verrucosa, sp. 71.
lenticularis, Sowd., Ven. 84. pl. 161. f. 194.
lenticularis, Sowd., jun., Art. 74. pl. 144. f. 81.
lentiginosa, Chemn., Cyth. 109. pl. 135. f. 160-162.
lepida, Chemn., Cyth. rosea, sp. 68.

leucodon, Sowb., Ven. Californiensis, sp. 24.
ligula, Anton, Cyth. unicolor.

Hilacina, Lamk., Cyth. 49. pl. 130. f. 74.
Lima, Sowb., jun., Tap. 67. pl. 151. f. 144.
limatula, Sowd., jun., Cyth. 98. pl. 200, 201.
lincta, Pulé., Art. 13. pl. 141. f. 16.

lineata, Sowd., jun., Cyth. 15. pl. 128. f. 26.
lirata, Phil., Tap. 3. pl. 145. f. 19.

lirata, Sowd., jun., Art. 73. pl. 144. f. 85.
Listeri, Gray, Ven. 5. pl. 152. f. 7-9.
lithoidea, Jonas, Tap. 47. pl. 150. f. 126.
litterata, Chemn., Tap. 18. pl. 147. f. 43-49.
livida, Phil., Art. 47. pl. 142. f. 55.
longilunata, Reeve, Art. angulosa, sp. 27.
Lorenziana, Chemn., Cyth. castrensis, sp. 103.
lubrica, Brod., Cyth. purpurata, sp. 36.
Lucinalis, Lamk., Cyth., not recognized.

FAMILY VENERIDA. 755

lucinoides, Reeve, Art. 33. pl. 142. f. 39.

lunaris, Lams, Art. 28. pl. 142.

lunulata, Lamk., Ven. macrodon, sp. 41.

lupinaria, Lesson, Cyth. 69. pl. 132. f. 111.

lupinus, Poli, Art. lunaris, sp. 28.

lusoria, Lamk., Cyth. 26. pl. 128. f. 40-42.

lutea, Koch, Cyth. pannosa, sp. 82.

Luzonica, Sowd., jun., Tap. 29. pl. 149. f. 100, 101.
lyra, Hanl., Ven. 76. pl. 161. f. 192.

lyrata, Sowd., jun., Cyth. 33. pl. 129. f. 61.
macilenta, Reeve, Art. 25. pl. 141. f. 32.

mactracea, Brod. (Ven), Pro. Zool. Soc. 1835, not recognized.
macrodon, Lamk., Ven. 41. pl. 156. f. 88-90.
mactroides, Dillw., Cyth. 11. pl. 128. f. 36.
maculata, Linn., Cyth. 60. pl. 131. f. 93, 94, 97.
magnifica, Sowd., jun., Ven. 2. pl. 152, f. 5.
Malabarica, Chemn., Tap. 13. pl. 145. f. 6, 7, 8.
Manille, Sowd., jun., Cyth. 77. pl. 136. f. 180, 181.
marica, Linn., Ven. 47. pl. 157. f. 107-110.
marmorata, Lamk., Venus, not recognized.

maxima, Phil., Tap. 46. pl. 150. f. 127.
membranaceus, Costa (Pect.), Ven. casina, sp. 69.
menstrualis, Menke, Meroe 8. pl. 163. f. 17.
mercenaria, Linn., Ven. 91. pl. 162. f. 204, 205.
meretrix, Linn., Cyth. 24. pl. 129. f. 48, 50.

Meroe = Meroe picta, sp. 1.

merozformis, Sowd., jun., Tap. 75. pl. 163. f. 160.
mesodesma, Quoy, Ven. spurea, sp. 49.

minima, Mont., Cir. 16. pl. 138. f. 18-21. et pl. 163. f. 55-58.
minuta, Koch, Venus, Ph. t. 3. f. 8, not known.
micta, Lamk., Cir. equivoca, sp. 4?

modesta, Reeve, Art. 30. pl. 42. f. 37.

modesta, Sowd., Cyth. 55, pl. 136. f. 184.

modesta, Phil., Cyth. Kingii, sp. 92*.

monilifera, Sowd., jun., Ven. 11. pl. 153. f. 19.
morphina, Lamk., Cyth. 27. p. 129. f. 59, 60.
Mortoni, Conrad, Ven. preparea, sp. 89.
multicostata, Sowd., Ven. 7. pl. 152. f. 10.

756 INDEX TO THE

multiradiata, Sowd., jun., Cyth. 39. pl. 130. f. 76.
multispinosa, Sowb., jun., Cyth. 70. pl. 132. f. 112.
multistriata, Sowd., jum., Cyth. 56. pl. 136. f. 177.
muscaria, Lamk., Cir. dispar, sp. 5.

nanus, /eeve, Art. 19. pl. 141. f. 31.

nebulosa, Chemn., Tap. pinguis, sp. 15.

nebulosa, Pult., Tap. aurea, sp. 38.

neglecta, Sowb., Ven. subrostrata, sp. 21.

nitens, Turt., Tap. aurea, sp. 38.

nitens, Reeve, Art. 4. pl. 140. f. 11.

nitidula, Zamk., Cyth. 14. pl. 128. f. 25.

niwea, Hanley, Cyth. umbonella, sp. 37.

nobilis, Reeve, Cyth. 35. pl. 130. f. 68.

nocturna, Chemn., 'Tap. litterata, sp. 18.

nodulosa, Sowé., jun., Ven. 14. pl. 153. f. 16.
notata, Say, Ven. mercenaria, sp. 91.

nucleus, Lamk., Tap. pullastra, sp. 51.
nummulina, Lamk., Cir. 9. pl. 138. f. 27.
Nuttallii, Conrad, Venus, not recognized.

obesa, Sowd., jun., Cyth. 50. pl. 131. f. 83, 84.
obliqua, Anton, Ven. merceneria, sp. 91.
obliquata, Hani., Cyth. 85. pl. 132. f. 125, 126.
oblonga, Gray, Ven. 86. pl. 161. f. 197.

obscura, Brod. (Ven.), Pro. Zool. Soc. 1835, not recognized.
obsoleta, Chemn., Tap. corrugata, sp. 42.

oculata, Say, Cyth., not recognized.

opaca, Sowd., Tap. 45. pl. 150. f. 123.

opima, Gmel., Tap. pinguis, sp. 15.

Orbignii, Dunker, Art. 38. pl. 142. f. 54.

ornata, Lamk., Cyth. 104. pl. 134. f. 149.
orientalis, Sowd., jum., Art. 21, pl. 144. f. 79.
ornatissima, Brod., Ven. 15. pl. 1538. f. 24.

ovata, Penn., Ven. 43. pl. 157. f. 99, 100.
ovulea, Lamk., Tap. turgida, sp. 17.

ovum, JZanl., Cyth. 32. pl. 129. f. 45.
pachyphylla, Jonas, Venus, not recognized.
pacifica, Dillw., Cyth. costata, sp. 40.

pallescens, Sowd., Cyth. 91. pl. 132. f. 135.

FAMILY VENERIDA. 757

palustris, Mawe, Tap. pullastra, sp. 51.

pannosa, Sowd.,Cyth. 82. pl. 133. f. 140-142, et pl. 163. f. 202, 203.
Paphia, Linn., Ven. 50. pl. 155. f. 61.

papilionacea, Lamk., Tap. 2. pl. 145. f. 12.
papyracea, Gray, Clem. 1. pl. 151. f. 155.
Patagonica, Phil., Art. 6. pl. 140. f. 8.

paupercula, Chemn., Ven. Kochii, sp. 105.

pectinata, Linn., Cir. 1. pl. 137. f. 1, 2, 3.

pectinata, Sowd. (Cyth.), Pro. Zool. Soc. 1835, not recognized.
pectinula, Lamk., Ven. ovata, sp. 43.

pectoralis, Lamk., Cyth. 48. pl. 130. f. 75.

pectorina, Lamk., Ven. 30. pl. 155. f. 55, 56.
pellucida, Lamk., Cyth. 93. pl. 136. f. 190.
penicillata, Reeve, Art. 26. pl. 141. f. 28.

Pennantii, Forbes, Ven. striatula, sp. 92.

perforans, Mont., Tap. pullastra, sp. 51.

Peronii, Lamk., Ven. 97. pl. 162. f. 224.

perplexa, Sowd., jun., Tap. 31. pl. 148. f. 80.
Peruviana, Sowd., Ven. 54. pl. 155. f. 66.

petalina, Lamk., Tap. 35. pl. 149. f. 104.

petechialis, Lamk., Cyth. 25. pl. 129. f. 51, 52.
Pfeifferi, Phil., Cyth. lentiginosa, sp. 109.
phaseolina, Lamk. (Ven. 64) Tapes? not recognized.
Philippinarum, Adams, Tap. 54. pl. 151. f. 189-141.
Philippinarum, Hani., Cyth. 52. pl. 136. f.176. et pl. 163. f. 206-7.
picta, Schum., Meroe 1. pl. 126. f. 1, 2.

picta, Lamk., Cyth. ornata, sp. 104.

pinguis, Chemn., Tap. 15. pl. 146. f. 20-23.
piperita, Sowd., jun., Cyth. 51. pl. 136. f. 175.
placida, Phil., Ven. roborata, sp. 60.

placunella, Lamk., Cir. eequivoca, sp. 4.

plagia, Jeffreys, Tap. pullastra, sp. 51.

plana, Reeve, Art. 11. pl. 140. f. 10.

planata, Gray, Circe, not recognized.

planulata, Brod., Cyth. 24. pl. 127. f. 13.

plebeja, Hanl., Cir. 15. pl. 138. f. 338-37.

plicata, Gmel., Ven. 66. pl. 150. f. 174.

plicatina, Zamk., Cir. 11. pl. 138. f. 31, 32.

758 INDEX TO THE

polita, Sowd., jun., Cyth. 22. pl. 127. f. 14.
polita, Sowd., jun., Tap. 12. pl. 145. f. 15, 16.
polita, Quoy, Ven. 104. pl. 158. f. 189, 140.
ponderosa, Gray, Art. 3. pl. 140. f. 2.
ponderosa, Koch = Cyth. damaoides, sp. 4.
preparea, Say, Ven. 89. pl. 161. f. 200.
Prideauxiana, Couch, Ven. striatula, sp. 92.
prora, Conrad, Cyth. leta, sp. 84.

prostrata, Linn., Art. 70. pl. 144. f. 80.
pubescens, Phil., Art. 64. pl. 143. f. 72.
puerpera, Linn., Ven. 1. pl. 152. f. 1, 2.
pulchra, Gray, Cyth. 43. pl. 180. f. 73.
pulchella, Lamk., Tap. floridella, sp. 33.
pulicaria, Brod., Ven. cingulata, sp. 78.
pulicaria, Lamk., Cir. dispar, sp. 5.

pullastra, Wood, Tap. 51. pl. 149. f. 85, 86.
pumila, Lamk. (Ven. 86), not recognized.
punctata, Chemn., Tap. litterata, sp. 18.
punctata, Lamk. (Cyth. 54), a Lucina.
punctifera, Gray, Ven. 40. pl. 156. f. 87.
punetifera, Lamk., Tap. litterata, sp. 18.
purpurata, Sowd., jun., Tap. 48. pl. 150. f. 124, 125.
purpurata, Lamk., Cyth. 36. pl. 130. f. 67.
pygmea, Lamk., Ven. 12. pl. 156. f. 69-72.
quadrangularis, dams, Ven. 85. pl. 161. f. 196.
Quoyi, Hanl., Cir. rivularis ?

radiata, Chemn., Tap. recens, sp. 23.

radiata, Sowb., Cyth. 9. pl. 128. f. 28-31.
radiata, Chemn., Ven. crenifera, sp. 34?
radiata, Phil., Ven. ovata, sp. 43.

radiata, Reeve, Art. amphidesmoides, sp. 15.
Ranella, Lamk., Cir. gibbia, sp. 2.
rariflamma, Lamk., Tap. 1. pl. 145. f. 3-5.
recens, Chemn., Tap. 23. pl. 148. f. 62-66.
reflexa, Mont., Ven. casina, sp. 69.
resticulata, Sowd., jun., Ven. 8. pl. 153. f. 23.
reticulata, Zinn., Ven. 10. pl. 153. f. 11-13.
retifera, Lamk. (Ven. 50), not recognized.

FAMILY VENERIDA.

rhombifera, Brug., Tap. Malabarica, sp. 13.
rhomboides, Lenn., Tap. virginea, sp. 40.
rigida, Dillw., Ven. rugosa, sp. 74.

rimosa, Phil., Tap. 11. pl. 146. f. 29.
rimularis, Lamk., Tap. 27. pl. 148. f. 55.
rivularis, Menke ? Cir. 12. pl. 139. f. 46-48.
roborata, Hanl., Ven. 60. pl. 157. f. 116-118.
rosalina, Rang, Ven. 70. pl. 60. f. 181.
rosea, Brod., Cyth. 68. pl. 132. f. 108.
rostrata, Koch, Cyth. 75. pl. 133. f. 122.
rostrata, Sowd., jun., Ven. 42. pl. 156. f. 91.
rotundata, Linn., Tapes papilionacea, sp. 2.
rubicunda, Phil., Art. 35. pl. 142. f. 40, 41.
rubiginosa, Phil., Cyth. varians, sp. 95.

rubra, Gmel., Cyth. circinata, sp. 65.

rufa, Lamk., Tap. turgida, sp. 17.

rufa, Lamk., Art. 66. pl. 144. f. 77.

rugifera, ? Cir. 18. pl. 139. f. 44, 45.
rugosa, Lamk., Cir. rugifera, sp. 13.

rugosa, Gmel., Ven. 74. pl. 160. f. 185, 186.
Rusterucii, Payr., Ven. casina, sp. 69.

rutila, Sowd., jun., Cyth. 116. pl. 163. f. 205.
Sarniensis, Turton, Tap. virginea, sp. 40.
Sayana, Conrad, Cyth. convexa, sp. 90.
scabriuscula, Phil., Art. 50. f. 59.

scabra, Hanl., Ven. 45. pl. 157. f. 101, 102.
scalaris, Menke, Art. 68. pl. 144. f. 78.
scalarina, Lamk., Ven. 96. pl. 162. f. 215-220.
Scotica, Lamk. (Ven. 55), not recognized.
scripta, Linn., Cir. 7. pl. 139. f. 38-43.
scripta, Linn., Meroe 4. pl. 126. f. 3-8.
sculpta, Reeve, Art. 14. pl. 141. f. 15.
semicancellata, Koch, Ven. donacina, sp. 108.
semilamellosa, Chénu, Cyth. lupinaria, sp. 69.
seminuda, Phil., Meroe 3. pl. 126. f. 15.
semisulcata, Sowd., jun., Cyth. 42. pl. 131. f. 82.
semirugata, Phil., Tap. 9. pl. 145. f. 12.
Senegalensis, Dillw., Tap. pullastra, sp. 51.

759

760 INDEX TO THE

sericea, Reeve, Art. 36. pl. 142. f. 42.

Sieboldii, Reeve, Art. 53. pl. 143. f. 57.

simillima, Sowd., jun., Ven. 16. pl. 153. f. 17.
similis, Sowd., jun., Clem. 2. pl. 151. f. 156.
simplex, Sowd., jun., Cyth. 54. pl. 136. f. 182, 183.
simplex, Hanl., Art. 8. pl. 140. f. 6.

sinuata, Turton (Ven.), Art. lincta, sp. 18.

sinuata, Turton, Tap. aurea, sp. 38.

sinuosa, Lamk., Tap. 14. pl. 145. f. 10.

sinuosa, Pennant, Lucinopsis undata.

Sinensis, Chemn., Cyth. 44. pl. 131. f. 79, 80.
Solandri, Gray, Meroe 7. pl. 126. f. 10, et pl. 163. f. 18, 19.
solidula, Sowd., jun., Art. 34. pl. 142. f. 38.
spathulata, Sowd., jun,, Cyth. 45. pl. 131. f. 78, 79.
spissa, Quoy, Venus spurca, sp. 49.

splendens, Sowd., jun., Cyth. 115. pl. 135. f. 167.
spurca, Sowb., Ven. 49. pl. 156. f. 92-98.

squalida, Sowd., Cyth. 61*. pl. 131. f. 87-89.
squamosa, Linn., Ven. 38. pl. 156. f. 83, 84.
straminea, Conrad, Tap. 72. pl. 151. f. 151.

striata, Chemn., Ven. 94. pl. 162. f. 207-213.
striata, Gray ? Cyth. 87. pl. 182. f. 113-115.
striatula, Costa, Ven. 92. pl. 62. f. 1384, 135.
striatissima, Sowd., jun., Ven. 44. pl. 157. f. 103-105.
striatissima, Sowd., jun., Art. 65. pl. 144. f. 71-84.
stultorum, Gray, Cyth. crassatelloides, sp. 1.
Stultz, Dovan (Venus), Cir. plicatina ?

strigosa, Lamk., Ven. 99. pl. 162. f. 222, 223.
strigosa, Costa (Pect.), Ven. verrucosa, sp. 71.
Stutchburti, Gray, Ven. 28. pl. 155. f. 50, 51.
subelliptica, Sowd., jun., Cyth. 111. pl. 135. f. 169.
subimbricata, Sowd., Ven. 28. pl. 154. f. 35-38.
subinflata, Sowé., jun., Cyth. 88. pl. 133. f. 116.
subquadrata, Hanl., Art. 24. pl. 141. f. 27.
subquadrata, Sowd., jun., Tap. 58. pl. 150. f. 119.
subquadrata, Sowd., Meroe 5. pl. 126. f. 9.
subrosea, Gray, Art. 52. pl. 1438. f. 61.
subrostrata, Reeve, Ven. Lamarckii, sp. 13.

FAMILY VENERIDA. 76]

subrostrata, Lamk., Ven. 21. pl. 154. f. 39.
subrugosa, Sowd., Ven. 52. pl. 155. f. 63.
subnodulosa, Han/., Ven. Wood’s Supp. pl. 16. f. 9, not recognized.
subpellucida, Sozd., jun., Cyth. 94. pl. 183. f. 136.
subtrigona, Sowd., jun., Art. 17. pl. 141. f. 21.
substriata, Mont., Tap. 56. pl. 150. f. 116, 117.
subsulcata, Menke, Ven. subrugosa, sp. 52.

sulearia, Lamk., Tap. 21. pl. 146. f. 30-32.

sulcata, Brown, Ven. striatula, sp. 92.

sulcatina, Zamk., Cyth. 101. pl. 134. f. 145, 146.
sulcosa, Phil., Tap. 8. pl. 145. f. 18, 14, et pl. 163. f. 158.
Tellinoidea, Sowd., jun., Cyth. 76. pl. 136. f. 191.
tenuilamellata, Sowd., jun., Art. 60. pl. 143. f. 68.
tenuilamellata, Sowd.,jun., Ven. 90. pl. 161. f. 195.
tenuis, Sowd., jun., Art. 23. pl. 141. f. 22.
tenuistriata, Sowd., jun., Tap. 28. pl. 148. f. 78, 79.
tenuistriata, Lamk., (Cyprina), Art. Chinensis, sp. 20.
tessellata, Adams, Tap. 66. pl. 151. f. 142, 143.
testudinalis, Lamk., Cir. equivoca, sp. 4.

textile, Gmel., Tap. 10. pl. 145. f. 26, 27, 28.
texturata, Lamk, Tap. 39. pl. 149. f. 111.

thiara, Dillw., Ven. 61. pl. 158. f. 125-131.
tigerina, Lamk., Cyth., a Lucina.

tigrina, Lamk., Cyth. 107. pl. 135. f. 155-157.
torrida, Reeve, Art. 39. pl. 142. f. 46.

tortuosa, Brod., Cyth. 63. pl. 132. f. 102, 103.
tricolor, Sowd., Tap. 70. pl. 151. f. 153.

trigona, Reeve, Art. 16. pl. 141. f. 29.

trigona, Reeve, Oyth. 74. See Artemis.

trigonella, Lamk., Cyth. 17. pl. 128. f. 16.
trimaculata, Lamk., Cyth. 102. pl. 134. f. 147.
tripla, Linn., Cyth. 6. pl. 128. f. 18-22.

triradiata, Gmel., Tap. pinguis, sp. 15.

tristis, Lamk., Ven. striata, sp. 94.

truncata, Lamk. (Ven. 49), Tap. decussata ?
tumefacta, Sowd., jun., Cir. 10. pl. 138. f. 28-30.
tumida, Sowd., jun., Tap. 64. pl. 146. f. 42.
turgida, Lamk., Tap. 17. pl. 147. f. 58, 54.

INDEX TO THE VENERID/.

umbonella, Lamk., Cyth. 37. pl. 130. f. 63-66, et pl. 163. f. 204.
undata, Penn., Lucinopsis, pl. 144. f. 88, 89.
undatella, Sowd., Ven. 22. pl. 153. f. 22.
undatina, Lamk., Cir. 8. pl. 138. f. 22-26.
undulata, Sowd., jun., Cyth. 21. pl. 127. f. 12.
undulosa, Lamk., Ven. 107. pl. 158. f. 142-146.
unicolor, Sowd., Cyth. 61. pl. 131.f. 90, 91.
vaginalis, Menke, Meroe excavata, sp. 5.
variabilis, Sowb., Ven. undulosa, sp. 107.
variabilis, Born, Tap. laterisulca ?

variabilis, Linn., Ven. cancellata, sp. 8.

varians, Hanl., Cyth. 95. pl. 133. f. 138, 139.
varicosa, Sowd., jun., Ven. 58. pl. 155. f. 67.
variegata, Gray, Art. 72. pl. 144. f. 83.
variegata, Hanl., Tap. 61. pl. 151. f. 133, 138.
veneriformis, Lamk., Ven. donacina, sp. 108.
Venetiana, Lamk., Cyth. 97. pl. 136. f. 197-199.
ventricosa, Brit. Mus., Cyth. 5. pl. 127. f. 6.
vermiculosa, Lamk., Tap. aurea, sp. 38.
verrucosa, Linn., Ven. 71. pl. 60. f. 182, 183.
violacea, Gmel., Ven. granulata, sp. 27.
violacea, Schum., Cir. scripta, sp. 7.

violacea, Quoy. Ven. spurea, sp. 49.

virago, Loven, 'Tap. virginea, sp. 40.

virginea, Linn. Tap. 40. pl. 149. f. 81-84.
virginea, Adams, Cyth. 3. pl. 127. f. 5.
vulgaris, Sowb., Tap. pullastra, sp. 51.
vulnerata, Brod., Cyth. 72. pl. 131. f. 95, 96.
vulvina, Lamk. (Ven. 75), not recognized.
Yatei, Gray, Ven. 68. pl. 155. f. 68.

ziczac, Linn., Ed. 10? Ven. cancellata, sp. 19.
zonaria, Lamk., Cyth. 29. pl. 129. f. 53, 54.
Zelandica, Quoy, Venus, not recognized.

763

MONOGRAPH OF THE GENUS

VENERUPIS.

Fam. Veneride.

Char. Gen. Testa equivalvis, inequilateralis, irregularis, ple-
rumque oblonga; impressionibus muscularibus duabus subreni-
formibus ; pallii impressione smu magno; dentibus cardinalibus
duobus et tribus compressis.

The characters of this genus so nearly resemble those of the
rock-inhabiting species of Zapes, that it is difficult to separate some
of the species. ‘They are more irregular in their growth, are ge-
nerally laminated concentrically, sometimes have the margins of
the valves gaping, and have more compressed and produced car-
dinal teeth. The separation of this genus from the Petricole is
also difficult, and even of doubtful expediency. In the Venerupis
however the concentric lamine are the most prominent.

1. Veneruris Invs (pl. clxiv. f. 1, and var. ? pl. clxv. f. 31,
32), Zinn. (Donax). ‘Tellina cornubiensis, Pennant, Brit. Zool.
Cuneus foliatus, Da Costa.

V. testa pallidé, compressi, oblong’, subquadrata, posticé sub-
rotundatim angulaté, medio depressi, anticé brevi; radiatim
striati, concentricé laminis tenuibus fimbriatis, posticé productiori-
bus cincté; intus pallidé fulva.

This common British shell is found imbedded in limestone
rocks on the coasts of Ireland, and the southern coasts of Eng-
land and Wales. The varieties f. 31, 32, are doubtful, but not
sufficiently characteristic to found a separate species.

2. VENERUPIS MACROPHYLLA (pl. clxv. f. 20), Deshkayes, Mu-
seum Catalogue and Pro. Zool. Soc. 1853.

V. test’ alb’, oblong’, posticé vix angulaté, anticé brevi, ob-
DG

_ 164

tusi; omnino radiatim striati, laminis tenuissimis, cancellatis,
productis, laqueatis, posticé productioribus cincti.

This beautiful shell differs from our /. Jrus in being much
lighter, more rounded, and having the lamine more produced,
foliated, and cancellated.

Philippines, Cuming.

3. Vunerupis exorica (pl. clxiv. f. 7), Hanley, Descriptive
Catalogue in Wood’s Index, Suppl. pl. 9. f. 20).

V. testa alba, postice rubro-lineaté ; compressd, oblonga, qua-
draté, postice truncaté; lamellis concentricis, anticé crenulatis,
distantibus, subplanulatis ; posticé porrectis laqueatis productis ;
costellis radiantibus anticé numerosis, posticé latis angulatim pla-
nulatis.

We figure the original specimen in Mr. Hanley’s collection.
New Holland.

4, Vunerupis Carprrorpes (pl. clxiv. f. 4), Lamarck, An.
sans vert. 2nd edit. vi. 164.

V. compressa, lati, oblong’, posticé quadrati; fulva, posticé
rubro angulatim lineat&é; costellis planulatis radiantibus posticé
latioribus, laminis paucis distantibus, posticée productis.

This species bears a close affinity to V. exotica, but it is much
flatter and broader, with the concentric laminz less produced and

smoother at the back.
New Holland.

5, VENERUPIS CRENATA (pl. clxiv. f. 18, 19), Lamarck, An.
sans vert. 2nd edit. vol. vi. p. 164. Pullastra crenata, Conch.
Nomenct. Cypricardia serrata, Reeve, Conch. Icon. pl. 1. f. 5.

V. oblongo-subquadrata, posticé angulaté, medio depress4, om-
nino pallide fulva, aurantio et purpureo picto, intts posticé fusca ;
costellis numerosis radiantibus, et lamellis valde crenatis irregu-
laribus posticé productioribus decussata.

This beautiful squarish-oblong shell, painted with patches of
orange and purple, is remarkable for its crenulated lamine.

New Holland.

6. Vunerupis roriacna (pl. clxiv. f. 8, 9), Deshayes, Pro.
Zool. Soc. 1853. . Brit. Mus. Cat. of Conchifera, p. 193.

“V. testA ovato-subquadrata, valde inzequilaterali, compressius-
culi, antice brevissima, postice late truncata, margine superiore
inferior parallelo, grisea, longitudinaliter costellata, transversim

765

et distante lamellosi; lamellis erectis, tenuibus, latis, in latere
postico angulum rectum formantibus; lunul’ elongata, angusta,
irregulariter circumdat’; valvis intds violaceis, in medio flavo-
rubescentibus, marginibus in medio subcrenulatis ; sinu pallii tri-
gono, profundo, apice acuto.”

Whutish-brown on the outside, rich brownish-red inside, radi-
ately costated, with distant, concentric, erect lamin, which are
angularly produced at the posterior angle of the shell.

Mazatlan.

7. VENERUPIS INsIGNIS (pl. clxiv. f. 5, 6), Deshayes, Pro.
Zool. Soc. 1853.

V. testa irregulari, crassi, tumida, radiatim striati, concentricé
nregulariter subfoliata, intts rubro-violaced, ad marginem nigres-
cente, extiis versus marginem aurantia violascente; margine in-
terno levi.

A finely coloured irregular shell, which it is just possible may
be a local variety of V. crenata, with the fringes undeveloped.

New Zealand, H. vans, R.N. Cuming’s collection.

8. Vunerupis mivis (pl. clxv. f. 22), Deshayes, Pro. Zool.
Soc. 1853 (ined.).

V. testa oblong’ subquadrata, pallida, postice angulata, leviter
radiatim striati; concentricé laminis paululum elevatis cincta ;
margine inttis levi.

Small, oblong-squarish, with regular slightly-raised concentric
laminee and fine radiating strize.

9. VENERUPIS DERELICTA (pl. clxiv. f. 16), Deshayes, Pro.
Zool. Soc. 18538 (ined).

V. elongata, pallida, radiatim striaté, concentricé laminis crenu-
latis posticé productioribus cinctai; latere postico lato, obliqué
subquadrato ; latere antico subproducto angustato ; margine ven-
trali contracto.

The elongate Modiola-like form may possibly be accidental, ana
in all other respects this species is ike V. Lrus.

It is from the Philippines. Cuming.

10. Vengrvris optonea (pl. clxv. f. 21), Sowerby, Pro. Zool.
Soc. 1834, p. 46. dw Venerirupis subdecussata, Desh. ?

V. “testa elongo-elliptica, pallescente ; radiatim costellata ; lined
dorsali posticd rectiusculd ; lamellis concentricis pluribus ; postice
levigatis.”

766

A pale shell, with numerous radiating strive, and smooth con-
centric ridges, lamellated at the hinder part. The form resembles
that of Tapes decussata.

Pascomayo, Peru. Cuming.

11. Venervuris Diemenensis (pl. clxiv. f. 11), Quoy, Voy.
Astr. iii. 535. pl. 84. f. 24, 26.

V. “testa subtrigona, inflata, crassa, transversim obsoleté striata,
longitudinaliter plicata; fusco-lutescente, intus violaced.”

Inside dark purple, outside pale greyish; radiating ribs rather
broad, crossed by undulating rather distant lamine.

Van Diemen’s Land.

12. VENERUPIS FIMBRIATA (pl. clxv. f. 23), Sowerby, jun.

V. testi ventricosa, pallide fulva, oblongo-subquadrata, radiatim
planulatim sulcata, concentricé laminis distantibus tenuibus pos-
tice fimbriatis productis cincta.

Like V. oblonga, Sowerby, but the concentric lamine are thinner
and more produced, while the radiating grooves are more distant,
and the interspaces flat.

Hab. ? Mr. Cuming’s collection.

13. VENERUPIS MIRABILIS (pl. clxv. f. 24), Deshayes, Pro.
Zool. Soc. 1853.

V. subquadraté oblonga, tumidd, minute divaricatim striata ;
concentricé vix laminata, pallid&; intis alba.

I am half inclined to think this species should have been placed
with the Tapes. It is remarkable for the zigzag strie, which cover
the whole surface with an equal texture.

Monterey, California; Ir. Hartweg. Cuming’s collection.

14, Vunerupis Corpieri (pl. clxiv. f. 2), Deshayes, Rev.
Zool. Soc. Cuv. 1839, p. 358.

“V. testi ovato-transversi, ineequilaterali, inflato-cylindracea,
transversim eleganter lamellosa; lamellis posticé latis, porrectis,
in medio attenuatis, anticé evanescentibus ; cardine lato, bidentato ;
marginibus integris, acutis.”

This fine solid shell, with thick, broad, erect lamin, is from
California. We are only able to figure the variety in Mr. Cuming’s
collection, mentioned by M. Deshayes m the British Museum
Catalogue.

15. VENERUPIS PULCHERRIMA (pl. clxv. f. 28), Deshayes,
Pro. Zool. Soc. (ined.)

767

V. testa elongata, posticé quadratd, anticé brevi, acuti, omnino
pallida, laminis concentricis levibus erectis, posticé latis sub-
reflexis cinct’i; margine ventrali intus levi.

Remarkable for the elongate, cylindrical form, and for the broad,
erect, distant laminze.

Island of Samar, on rocks at low water. Cuming.

16. Vuneruris Nurratti (pl. clxiv. f. 10), Conrad (Saxi-
domus), Journ. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phil. 1837.

V. testa oblonga, tumida, crassi, magna, utrinque hiante, fulva,
concentricé subundulatim costellata, posticé costellis laminzefor-
mibus.

Large, thick, irregularly formed, gaping on both sides, with
the irregular concentric ridges becoming laminiform at the back,
but more obsolete in the middle.

California.

17. VeNnerveis inTerstTRiAta (pl. elxv. f. 26), Sowerby, jun.

V. testa rhomboided, alba, posticé pallidé et minuté rubro-lineata,
angulo postico elevato; margine dorsali truncato, costellis con-
centricis tenuibus, subdistantibus; striis intermediis minutissi-
mis.

This species is of an oblong squarish form, with concentric,
very thin, and rather distant ribs, and very finely-striated inter-
stices ; behind the posterior angle the shell is covered with beau-
tifully reticulated reddish lines. Mr. Hanley possesses the only
specimen at present known.

18. Veneruris mnterJecra (pl. clxiv. f. 14), Deshayes, Brit.
Mus. Cat. Conch. 1853.

V. testd oblong’ subquadrata pallid’ posticé roseo angulatim
lineati; antice brevi, posticé angulata ; laminis concentricis acutis,
subdistantibus ; interstriatis.

Of an oblong squarish form, with concentric lamina, and fine
striae in the interstices. If M. Deshayes had seen Mr. Hanley’s
specimen here figured, he would not have omitted to notice the
delicate pink pencillings on the posterior side of the shell.

New Holland.

19, VenzRupis opesa (pl. clxiv. f. 15), Deshayes, Pro. Zool.
Soc. 1853 (ined.).

V. testa tumida brevi, subquadrata, pallida, posticé, intis et ad
umbones violaced, radiatim striati, concentricé prope marginem
vix laminati.

768

A small, square, tumid species, which has a purple mark at
the umbones, and is purple within and at the posterior angle, ra-
diately striated and obscurely laminated near the margin, which
is smooth.

Hab.

20. VenErupis monstrosa (pl. clxiv. f. 13), Chemn. (Venus)
vu. 50. pl. 42. f. 445, 446.

V. testi ovata, inzequivalvd, depress, pallida ; anticé et in medio
decussatim striata, posticé irregulariter concentrict laminata; valve
dextree laminis valdé exfoliatis et incrassatis.

Of an oval form, striated longitudinally and concentrically in
front, irregularly laminated at the back, where the spreading and
thickening of the lamine in the right valve make it overwrap the

left.
Island of Nicobar, Philippines. Cuming.

P Cuming’s collection.

21. Venerupis Cuminer (pl. clxiv. f. 12), Deshayes, Pro.
Zool. Soc. 1853 (ined.).

V. testi ovata, extis grised, intis castaned, ineequivalvé, sub-
depressi, radiatim costellat’é ; concentricé laminis concentricis cre-
nulatis cincté; valvé dextré laminis ad marginem valde exfoliatis
valvam sinistram superante ; margine levi.

Finely sculptured, with radiating ribs and fringed concentric
lamin ; grey without, and of a reddish-brown within ; ; remarkable
for the manner in which the left valve is overlapped by the right,
as in V. monstrosa.

Hab. ? Cuming’s collection.

22. Venerupis Curvensis (pl. clxv. f. 29), Deshayes, Pro.
Zool. Soc.

V. oblongo-quadrati, depress4, alba, posticé angulata, levi, la-
minis erectis crassiusculis posticé angulatis ad margines exfoliatis
cinctd, margine dorsali recto excavato, margine ventrali intis
levi.

Of an oblong square depressed form, rather inequivalve, poste-
riorly angulated ; white, with distant, broad, erect, smooth, thick
laminee.

Flo-Flo, Island of Panay, Philippines; on rocks at low water.
Cuming.

23. VenERUPIS RUGOSA (pl. clxv. f. 25), Deshayes, Pro. Zool.
Soc. 1853.

769

V. testi oblongo-subquadrati inflati, posticé subangulata, pal-
lida, tts alba, posticé violaced, vel castaned ; costellis concentricis
undulatis disruptis posticé sublaminatis cincta.

A tumid shell, with undulating lamine, not unlike the more
irregular varieties of Zapes perforans.

Swan River, Dr. Bacon. Cuming’s collection.

24, VENERUPIS PAUPERCULA (pl. clxv. f. 30), Deshayes, Pro.
Zool. Soc. 1853.

V. test parva, pallidi, oblongo-subquadrata, compressi, con-
centricé irregulariter subundatim rugifera, posticé truncata, hiante ;
posticé intis purpureo maculata.

Small, very pale, of an oblong square, with irregular, rather
undulating ridges. A small patch of purple in the interior.

Mazatlan. Cuming.

25. VENERUPIS sILIQuA (pl. clxv. f. 27), Deshayes, Pro. Zool.
Soc. 1853.

V. testa elongata, subquadrata, pallida, postice angulata; levi-
ter radiatim striatd, concentricé elevatim striata, striis posticé in
laminas elevatas productas.

New Zealand. Cuming’s collection.

: 26. VenrRupIs pLanicosra (pl. clxv. f. 33), Deshayes, Pro.
Zool. Soc. 18538.

V. testa VY. obese simili, sed compressa, posticé vix angulata.

The sculpture and posterior colouring of this is so much like
VY’. obesa, that the distinction must rest on the form of an irre-
gular shell.

Mr. Cuming’s collection ; locality unknown.

27. VENERUPIS TUMIDA (pl. clxv. f. 34, 35), Sowerby, jun.

V. testa pallidé flavidd, ventricos4, concentricé minute striata ;
costellis tenuibus subdistantibus cincti; anticé brevi, angusta ;
posticé subangulaté ; margine dorsali recto, depresso, castaneo.

A light, inflated, yellowish, small shell, very finely striated be-
tween rather distant, irregular, thin concentric ridges; it is short
and narrow in front, wide, rather angular and truncated behind ;
the dorsal line is depressed, and on one valve has a line of chest-
nut colour.

Mr. Hanley’s collection.

28. VENERUPIS CYLINDRACEA (pl. clxv. f. 36, 37, 38), Des-
hayes. Petricola cylindracea, Rev. Zool. Soc. Cuv. 1839, p. 358.

770

Mag. de Zool. pl. 20. P. Californica, Conrad. P. arcuata, Desh.
Guer. Mag. Zool. pl. 19. P. subglobosa, Sowerby, Genera, f. 6.

“ Pet. test& ovato-transversi, ineequilaterali, globoso-cylindraced,
aliquando abrupte truncata, rufo-grised, transversim irregulariter
striaté, intis alba’; cardine bidentato, in alterd valv4 unidentato ;
dentibus obliquis.”

This shell is surely much more allied to Venerupis than to
Petricola ; it has only transverse sculpture; it is very irregular,
and sometimes very much attenuated at the hinder end.

California.

SPECIES NOT IDENTIFIED.

V. nucleus, Lamk., Anim. s. vert.
V. distans, Lams, Anim. s. vert.

LIST OF FIGURES IN PLATES CLXIV. AND CLXV.
(The Figure after the Name refers to the number of the Species.)

Pirate CLXIV. Pirate CLXV.
Fig. Fig.
1. V. rus, Linn. 1. 20. V. macrophylla, Des. 2.
2. — Cordieri, Des. 14. 21. — oblonga, Sowd. 10.
3. (Pet. elliptica.) 22. — mitis, Des. 8,
4. V. Carditoides, Lam. 4. 23. — fimbriata, Sowd. 12.
5, 6. — insignis, Des. 7. 24. — mirabilis, Des. 13.
7. — exotica, Han. 3. 25. — rugosa, Des. 23.
8, 9. — foliacea, Des. 6. 26. — interstriata, Sowd. 17.
10. — Nuttallii, Con. 16. 27. — siliqua, Des. 25.
11. — Diemenensis, Quwoy, 11. 28. — pulcherrima, Des. 15.
12. — Cumingi, Des. 21. 29. — Chinensis, Des. 22.
13. — monstrosa, Chemn. 20. 30. — paupercula, Des. 24.
14. — interjecta, Des. 18. 31, 32. — Irus, var. ? Linn. 1.
15. — obesa, Des. 19. 33. — planicostata, Des. 26.
16. — derelicta, Des. 9. 34, 35. — tumida, Sowd. jun. 27.
17. (Pet. solidula.) 36-38. — cylindracea, Des. 28.

18,19. V. crenata, Zam. 5.

iret

MONOGRAPH OF THE GENUS
PETRICOLA.

Fam. Veneridee.

Char. Gen. Testa eequivalvis, inequilateralis, oblonga, plerumque
irregularis ; impressionibus muscularibus duabus; pallii impres-
sione sinu elongato; dentibus cardinalibus duobus arcuatis pro-
ductis, compressis ; ligamento externo, brevi.

It is not easy, with any degree of consistency, to distinguish
the species of Petricola from those of Venerupis. As a rule, the
Petricole incline to taper off posteriorly, while they are round and
full in front; generally their radiating ribs are more conspicuous
than the concentric striz or lamine; whereas in Venerupis the
lamine are most prominent, particularly at the back of the shell.
On the whole the species of tle two genera, as here placed, catch
the eye as forming two tolerably distinct groups. ;

The most doubtful species are P. ed/iptica and P. solida, which
I have inadvertently admitted in the plates of both genera. In
general appearance they incline most to the genus Petricola.

1. Perricota PHOLADIFORMIS (pl. clxvi. f. 1), Lamarck, An.
s. vert. v. 505, no. 11.

Pet. testa oblonga candida cylindraced, anticé brevissima, costis
validis subquadratis, crebré serratis, distantibus radiaté, posticé
attenuata, costis obliquis parvis, distantibus, versus extremitatem
subobsoletis.

Oblong, cylindrical, very like a Pholas, with very thick, distinct,
serrated ribs in front, which become smaller towards the hinder
part of the shell, where they sometimes become almost obliterated.

North America.

2. Prrricota serrata (pl. elxvi. f. 11), Deshayes, Pro. Zool.

Soc. 1858.
5 H

772

Pet. testa P. pholadiformi simih, sed costellis anticis vix elevatis,
interruptis, acute serratis.

The front ribs are here reduced imto radiating rows of sharp
points; still I doubt greatly whether this may not be a mere
varietal distinction.

New Zealand. Mr. Cuming’s collection.

3. Perricota GRACILIs (pl. elxvi. f. 12), Deshayes, Pro. Zool.
Soc. 1853.

Pet. testa P. pholadiformi simili sed longé graciliore, costellis
anticis vix elevatis, acuté serratis, posticé attenuata, strus subob-
soletis.

Sculptured like P. serrata, but more finely; a much lighter
and elongated shell than either it or P. pholadiformis, still very
doubtful.

Hab.

P Cuming’s collection.

4, PrrRicoLa CULTELLUS (pl. clxvi. f. 2, 5), Deshayes, Pro.
Zool. Soc. 1853.

Pet. testa elongato-angusti, transversd pholadiformi lateraliter
compressiusculd inferno convexo-arcuato; anticé brevi posticéque
obtusi, hiante albo squalidé rufescente longitudinaliter squamulis
fornicatis exasperatis ; striis in medio posticéyue tenuibus, undu-
losis striis incrementi irregularibus interruptis ; umbonibus tumi-
dulis approximatis levigatis, valvis intis candidissimis; sinu
pallu elongato, angusto, apice obtuso.

The form is similar to that of P. pholadiformis ; it has rather
sharp serrated ridges in front; it is rather depressed, of a very
pale fawn-colour, and has the ventral margin rather rounded.

Ceylon. Mr. Cuming’s collection.

5. Prerricona pactryius (pl. clxvi. f. 4), Sowerby, Gen. of
Shells, f. 3.

Pet. test& inflata, ovali pallidé grisea, intts alba, anticé brevi,
subacuminati planulatim costellaté, medio tumida, costellis latio-
ribus, indé subcontracti, costellis numerosis, cancellatis, posticé
attenuata subtruncatad concentricé striata, striis radiantibus obso-
letis.

A very tumid pholadiform shell, differmg from P. nivea in
being much stronger, and having the short front side almost ros-
trated, the middle tumid, and the back contracted. The sculp-
ture is in flattened ridges to about the middle, then sharper and
more numerous, then lost at the back.

South America.

773

6. Parricota penticuxara (pl. clxvi. f. 6, 7), Sowerby, Pro.
Zool. Soc. 1834, p. 47. P. ventricosa, Deshayes, B. M.

“Pet. test oblong’, pholadiformi, extis pallescente, intus ad
extremitates fusco-nigricante tinct’; anticé subrostrati, postice
rotundaté; line’ dorsali rectiusculd, ventrali subprominuld, om-
nino radiatim sulcaté et concentricé striata, striis anticé sublamel-
losis denticulatis.”

Much narrower than P. dactylus, more rostrated in front, with
the radiating ribs continued quite to the back. Inside brown at
both ends.

Payti, Peru. Cuming.

7. Perricona Nivea (pl. elxvi. f. 13, 14), Chemn., “ Mytilus
niveus,” Conch. vill. 154. pl. 82. f. 734. P. rugosa, Sowerby,
Pro. Zool. Soc. 1834. p. 47. P. fornicata, Say, Journ. Acad.
Nat. Sei. Phil. 1.314? P. tenuis, Sowerby, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1834,
p- 47. P. gibba, Middend. ?

Pet. testé oblonga, pholadiformi, alba, ventricosd, radiatim cos-
tellata, costellis serratis anticé pauld, posticé multd fortioribus
margine ventrali anticé rotundato posticS subcontracto, cardine
dentibus nonnunquam subobsoletis.

The serrated ribs of this cylindrical species are strongest at the
hinder part of the shell, and thinnest in the centre.

Nicobar, Chemnitz. Chili and Peru, Cuming.

8. Perricona conctnna (pl. elxvi. f. 3), Sowerby, Pro. Zool.
Soc. 1834, p. 46.

Pet. test’ oblonga, pholadiformi, albicante ; concentricé costel-
lati; anticé rotundata, radiatim sulcatéi dorso declivi, alterius
valve lamell& leevigati ; posticé acuminatiusculd, costellis concen-
tricis lamellosis confertis.

Like P. pholadiformis in shape, with radiating serrated ribs in
front, and regular concentric lamine, commencing in the middle
and widening at the back.

Monte Christi; found in hard clay at low water. Mr. Cuming’s
collection.

9. Prrricona ELEGANS (pl. clxvi. f. 8), Deshayes (Venerupis),
Pro. Zool. Soc. 1853.

V. testi elongaté ovali inflata, pallida, radiatim leviter striata,
anticé subacut’; posticé subtruncata; laminis concentricis anticé
et in medio, subduplicatis posticé tenuibus productioribus; lunula
tumida; margine dorsali, recti, impress.

7174

Tlus date-shaped shell is lightly striated between the lamine,
which are duplicate excepting at the back, where they are broad,
thin, and single.

Hab. P Cuming’s collection.

10. Perricora exLiiptica (pl. elxvi. f. 10), Sowerby, Pro.
Zool. Soc. 1834, p. 46.

“V. test’ ovato-ellipticé, rufescente-albidi; radiatim costata,
posticé levi; lamellis concentricis sparsis; lunuld anticd dis-
tincta.”

With something of the general form and radiating ridges of
Petricola, it has the concentric ridges of the Venerupes ; between
the ribs it is smooth behind.

Found in hard mud at low water; Payti, Peru. Cuming.

11. Purricota sonra (pl. clxvi. f. 9), Sowerby, Pro. Zool.
Soc. 1834, p. 46.

V. “testi subgloboso-ellipticd, pallescente umbonibus extremi-
tatibusque ambabus fusco-violaceis ; radiatim costata, posticé leevi-
gata; lineis incrementi nonnunquam sublamellosis posticé magis
eminentibus.”

Although this shell is more solid, ventricose, and rounded than
V. elliptica, | more than suspect it is but a variety of that species.

Found in hard clay and stones at low water at Lambeyeque, in
Peru. Cuming.

12. Parricota tirnopHaca (pl. clxvi. f. 18, 19), Retzius
(Venus), Trans. Turin. P. striata, Zam., An. s. vert. ed. 2. vol.
vi. p. 158. Mya decussata, Zurt. P. costellata, Lam. ib. P.
roccellaria, Lam. ib. P.ruperella, Lam. ib. Venerupis petricola,
Blainv. Spheeria deeussata, Turt.

Pet. testa irregulari, ineequilatera, anticé brevi, rotundata, pos-
tice aperté oblique attenuata, striis radiantibus anticé tenuibus pos-
ticé validioribus.

The varieties included in the above synonyms differ from each
other in the lightness or solidity of the shell, in the strength of
the ribs, and m shape; but they are all short in front, and ob-
liquely taper off at the base, where the radiating strie are streng-
thened. The following five species appear to differ more essen-
tally.

Britain.

13. Perricona rypica (pl. clxvi. f. 21), Jonas, Mollusc. Beitr.
DieeraDin le toad

775

Pet. testi P. robuste simili, sed tenuiore, striis radiatis gra-
datim crescentibus ; omnino alba.

Almost as globose as P. robusta, but without any colour, and
lighter, with the ribs more gradually increasing in size and dis-

tance towards the back.
Island of St. Thomas.

14. Prrricota rosusta (pl. clxvi. f. 16, 17), Sowerby, Pro.
Zool. Soc. 1834. f. 4.

“ Pet. test rotundato-subtrigona, gibbosi, solidiusculd; extts
rufescente-fuscd, intus nigricante; radiatim costata, costis anticis
tenuioribus confertioribus, posticis altioribus ; interstitiis omnibus
exilissimé decussatim striatis; latere antico rotundato, postico
subacuminato ; margine dorsali declivi.”

Of a dull orange tint, with purple at the apices and blackish
inside, rather thick, very globose in front, tapering behind, where
the valves are unequal, the right valve shghtly overwrapping.
The radiating striz are distant, numerous, and close in front, but
towards the back become separated, strong, acute; the hinder
ones of all are a little smaller, serrated, and their ends form a
denticulated edge.

In rocks, six to eleven fathoms, at Panama. Cuming.

15. Perricota srpartira (pl. clxvi. f. 20), Deshayes, Pro.
Zool. Soc. 1853.

“ Pet. testa elongata subtrigoné, anticé turgidd, obtusd, brevi,
posticé attenuata, subangulata, cuneiformi, intus extusque candi-
dissima, longitudinaliter striata ; striis in latere antico multo tenuio-
ribus divisis, divaricatis, irregulariter inter se conjunctis, in medio
regularibus, sensim in latere postico crassioribus ; valvis tenuibus,
dentibus cardinalibus inequalissimis, uno in utraique valvé magno
robusto; sinu pallu trigono, basi lato, in medio valvarum posito.”

Much resembling P. ithophaga, but with the hinder ribs more
distinct and serrated, and the front ribs divided and diverging.
It is also less oblique than the British species.

Island of Samar, Philippines. Cuming.

16. Perricota Cuinensts (pl. elxvi. f. 15), Deshayes, Pro.
Zool. Soc. 1853.

“Pet. test’ ovato-subtrigona, anticé obtusi, turgidiore, brevi,
levigati, posticé attenuati, in medio et posticé longitudinaliter
sulcati, sulcis undulatis convexis interstitiis latioribus, umbonibus
ininiimis, oppositis, separatis ; ligamento magno crasso ; cardinali-

7176

bus dentibus inzequalibus arcuatis; sinu pallii magno, lato, basi
obliquissimo.”

Much less oblique than P. lithophaga, more square in front,
with the umboes flattened in the middle, free from ribs in front,
while in the middle the riblets have broad interstices, and at the
back are slightly crenulated.

Chinese Seas. Cuming.

17. PerricoLa sEMILAMELLATA (pl. clxvi. f. 23), Lamarck,
An. s. vert. v. 503. no. 3.

Pet. testi alba, tenui, obliqué subglobos4, posticé paululum at-
tenuati, sulcis concentricis minutis irregularibus, posticé subla-
mellosis.

A light, obliquely globose, small shell, shaped something like
P. lithophaga, but with no longitudinal ridges, and very fine con-
centric ridges, which are lamellated at the back.

Rochelle.

18. Prrricota Bicotor (pl. clxvi. f. 22), Sowerby, jun.

Pet. test ovata, tenui, radiatim minuté striatA utrinque hiante,
anticé rotundat& brevi posticé oblique subattenuatdé maculé fusca
trigoné pallida.

An inflated shell, belonging to the same group with P. Jitho-
phaga, but equally and finely striated, gapmg at both ends, with
a triangular patch of pale brown at the back.

Mr. Hanley’s collection.

19. Purricora prvaricata (pl. elxvi. f. 24, 25), Chemnitz,
Conch. pl. 172. f. 1666, 1667. Narinio divaricata, Gray.

Pet. testa solidi, obliqué subquadrata, alba, intus lutescente, om-
nino divaricatim striati, antice brevissim4, umbonibus prominenti-
bus terminalibus, posticé truncaté margine foliaté incrassata.

Solid, rather obliquely squarish, white, yellowish within, all over
striated in sharp angles; front side short, with the apex quite
terminal; hinder side oblong, truncated, with the edge thickened
and foliated.

Deshayes gives as localities Indian Ocean and New Holland.
Mr. Cuming’s specimen is marked “ Red Sea.”

20. Prrricota tapicrpa (pl. clxvi. f. 26), Chemnitz, Conch.
pl. 172. f. 1664, 1665. Narinio costata, Gray.

Pet. testa P. divaricate simili, sed striis divaricatis evanidis,
posticé costellis validis subdistantibus radiata.

GE,

The strong posterior radiating ribs which distinguish this spe-
cies from the preceding do not commence their formation at an
early period in the growth of the shell. The general surface
appears smooth to the eye, but, examined minutely, presents the
same character of zigzag striation, but much more faint and ob-
solete.

Australia.

PRR rn

SPECIES NOT IDENTIFIED.

P. amygdalina, Sowerby, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1834. p. 47.
P. bidentata, Gray, Annals, p. 25.

P. costellata, Lamarck, Anim. s. vert.

P. discors, Sowerby, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1834. p. 46.

P. flabagella, Lamarck, Anim. s. vert.

ren

LIST OF FIGURES IN PLATE CLXVI.
(The figure after the Name refers to the number of the Species.)

Fig. Fig.
1. P. Pholadiformis, Zam. 1. 13, 14. P. nivea, Chem. 7.
2. — cultellus, Des. 4. 15. — chinensis, Des. 16.
3. — concinna, Sowd. 3. 16, 17. — robusta, Sowd. 14.
4, — Dactylus, Sowd. 5. 18, 19. — lithophaga, Rezz. 12.
5. — cultellus, Des. 4. 20. — bipartita, Des. 15.
6, 7. — denticulata, Sowd. 6. 21.— typica, Jonas, 13.
8. — elegans, Des. 9. 22. — bicolor, Sowd. 18.
9. — solida, Sowd. 11. 23. — semilamellata, Zam. 17.
10. — elliptica, Sowd. 10. 24, 25. — divaricata, Chem. 19.
11. — serrata, Des. 2. 26, — lapicida, Chem. 20.

12. — gracilis, Des. 3.

778

MONOGRAPH OF THE GENUS

ASTARTE.

Fam. Veneride.

Char. Gen. Testa sequivalvis, suborbicularis, solida, clausa, levis
seu concentrice costata, epidermide induta; impressionibus mus-
cularibus ovatis distinctis, impressione palli simplici; cardine
dentibus duobus, validis, divergentibus, et in alterd valvd uno,
cum vix secundo; ligamento elongato externo.

This genus, the Crassina of Lamarck, is distinguished by the
almost constant presence of a dark chestnut-brown epidermis on
an otherwise colourless surface, which is generally corroded at the
apices. ‘The form is flattish, rounded, and more or less ineequi-
lateral; the impressions are deep, and the pallial scar simple ;
the inner surface is thickened, so as to produce great solidity in
advanced specimens; the external ligament is long and tumid;
the teeth are diverging and strong, two in one valve and one in
the other, with sometimes a rudimentary second; the inner ven-
tral margin is sometimes crenated, and sometimes (even in the
same species ?) smooth. In all the specimens of all the species I
have examined, excepting perhaps the dubious A. ¢riangularis,
there is a similarly excavated, elongated, and smooth character in
the dorsal area and lunule; muscular impressions deep, with the
pallial line simple.

1. Asrarre sutcata (pl. clxvii. f. 1, 2,3), Da Costa. Pec-
tunculus sulcatus, Brit. Conch. p. 192. Crassina Danmoniensis,
Lamarck, An. s. vert. ed. 2. vol. vi. p. 257. Venus sulcata, Twr?.
Crassina Scotica, Zurt., Dithyra Brit. p. 130. pl. 11. f. 3, 4.
Crassina sulcata, Zurt., Dithyra Brit. p. 181. pl. 11. f. 1, 2.
Astarte Danmoniensis, Sowerby, Genera of Shells, f. 1, 2, 3.
Venus crassatella, De Blainville. Crassina semisulcata.

179

Ast. test subquadrata, compressa, solidi, anticé brevi, postice
subangulata, subtruncatad; sulcis rotundatis, distinctis, regulari-
bus; margine crasso, intiis plerumque crenulato.

to} )

Of a squarish form, with regular ribs of medium size and num-
ber. The margin is generally crenuled, but the variety named
Crassina Scotica is not so. The name A. Danmoniensis is lost, on
account of the priority of the specific name su/cata. In this and
in one or two following species the ribs are frequently nearly ob-
solete towards the ventral margins and back.

2. AsTARTE ELLIPTICA (pl. clxvii. f. 4), Brown, Llus. Conch.
p- 96. pl. 38. f. 3; Hanley, Recent Shells, Suppl. pl. 14. f. 36 ;
Forbes and Hanley, B. Moll. pl. 30. f. 8. Astarte semisulcata,
Motler (not Leach). Crassina suleata, Ni/sson, Nov. Act. Holn.
1822. p. 187. pl. 2. f. 1, 2. Crassina ovata, Brown, Edin. Jour.
Nat. and Geog. Sci. pl. 1. f. 8, 9.

Ast. test oblong’, subquadrata, compressi, posticé truncata,
costellis concentricis posticé et versus margines plerumque obso-
letis ; margine intus levi, impressionibus muscularibus magnis.

Like the Scotica variety of swlcata, tt has a smooth inner mar-
gin; like sw/cata as I understand it, it has the truncated form at
the posterior side; like all the species of the group, it is some-
times destitute of ribs on the back and ventral margins. It is
longer than sw/cata, and (in Mr. Hanley’s specimen) has much
larger muscular impressions.

North Europe.

3. ASTARTE INTERMEDIA (pl. clxvu. f. 11), Sowerby, jun.

Ast. testi ovali, compressa, lirati, utrinque acutiusculd, liris
subfrequentibus, nonnunquam prope marginis evanidis; margine
intus levi.

My experience in the variations of the genus is hardly sufficient
to enable me to say whether the distinction now proposed will
stand, but it seems to me more important than the one between
subcata and elliptica. A. intermedia differs from both these in
having the ends rather sharp than rounded or truncated. It dif-
fers from the American species wndata in having a much larger
number of ribs.

North Europe.

4, Astarre unpata (pl. clxvu. f. 12), Gould, Invert. Mass.
p. 80. <A. sulcata, duct. Amer. <A. latisulea, Hanley, note, p.
87. A. Mortoni, Adams, U.S. (ubi?).

bya

780

Ast. test& solid4, oval, costellis magnis subgradiformibus, mar-
gine dorsali elongato, declivi; margine ventrali intis (semper ?)
crenulato.

The ribs are large and step-like, and the hinder dorsal margin
slopes in a long curve from the apex to the ventral corner. In
other respects like swécata. In Mr. Cuming’s collection is a spe-
cimen named Mortont (not fully developed ?), with the ventral
margin smooth ; but it has so exactly the character of the 4. wn-
data (which is crenulated) that it must be considered another case
of Scotica versus sulcata.

North America.

5. Asrarre cresricostata (pl. clxvu. f. 10), Fordes, Ann.
Nat. Hist. vol. xix. p. 98. pl. 9. f. 4.

Ast. test& compressi, posticé subtruncati, suboblonga, valdé
ineequilatera, costellis concentricis numerosissimis posticé sub-
evanidis, margine ints crenulato; impressione pallii propé mar-
ginem posita.

The state of the hitherto found specimens is strongly suggestive
of pleistocene beds; but no such beds have been found near the
place where A. crebricostata was first found. Only single valves
(we figure Mr. Hanley’s specimen) have been dredged in deep
water at Zetland and Skye.

North Britain.

6. AsTarTe suBHQUILATERA (pl. clxvu. f. 13), Sowerby, jun.

Ast. test compressa, subovali, anticé breviuscula, declivi, pos-
ticé subtruncati, costellis numerosis, distinctis; margine crenato.

It is not unlike A. erebricostata, but much more equilateral.
The ribs are not quite so numerous, and the pallial impression is
not near the ventral margin.

Mr. Cuming’s collection. Newfoundland.

7. Astarte Arctica (pl. clxvi. f.17, 18, 20), Gray. Cras-
sina Arctica, Gray, App. Captain Parry’s Voyage. V. borealis,
Chemn., Nilsson (not Linn.). Astarte cyprinoides, Duval, Rev.
Zool.; Hanley, Recent Shells, Suppl. pl. 14. f.40. C. corrugata,
Brown. A. Japonica, Jay ?

Ast. test& plerumque ovali, subdepressi, ineequilatera, versus
apicem et ad medium concentricé irregulariter et obsoleté corru-
gati ; margine tenui, intts levi.

After studying for some time a number of specimens, young
aud old, in various conditions and variously named as above, some

%

781

thick and tumid, some thinner, flatter, and more elliptical, I came
to this conclusion, that either each specimen must be a species,
or that they must all be one. The general smoothness of surface
towards the margin, the irregular obsolete corrugations near the
beaks, and the thin margin, and its smooth inside margin being
alike in all, decided me to adopt the latter alternative, as others
have done.
Northern Seas.

8. AsTarTE semisuLcata (pl. clxvu. f. 16), Leach. Crassina
semisulcata, Ann. Phil. xiv. f. 204.

Ast. test& compressi, levi, elongati, prope umbones leviter
concentricé sulcatéi; margine interno levi.

If this shell, which I have from Mr. Hanley, be the true C.
semisutcata of Leach, it will occupy the same position with regard
to A. Arctica as A. elliptica does to A. sulcata, its chief distine-
tion being its great elongation of form.

North Seas.

9. AstarTE LactEa (pl. clxvu. f. 21, 22, 23), Broderip,
Zool. Journ. iv. p. 865.

Ast. “testa obovati, compressa, anticé breviore; margine dor-
sali postico depresso ; intis lacted, marginibus integerrimis.”

Like 4. Arctica, but with strong and regular costelle near the
apices. The epidermis is often, when fully developed, very thick
and black, and the shell very white within; margins smooth. The
species is subject to the same variation as the last.

North Europe.

10. Astarre oBLonGaA (pl. clxvu. f. 19), Sowerby, jun.

Ast. testa inflata, oval, tenui, anticé et ad medium concentricé
minute liraté, posticé longiore, tenuistriata ; cardine angusta ; mar-
gine ventrali crenato.

An oval, rather light, inflated shell, with numerous small con-
centric ridges commencing on the anterior side, and dying out a
little past the middle, the hinder side being nearly smooth or
slightly striated. The lunule and dorsal area are impressed as
usual, and of a distinct chestnut-colour compared to the rest of
the epidermis, which is light olive. Inside white; hinge thin,
margin arcuated.,

Hab. P Mr. Cuming’s collection.

11. Astarre Banxsu (pl. clxvu. f. 8), Leach, Ross Voy.

782

App.; Gray, Zool. Beech. pl. 44. f. 10. Ast. pulchella, Jonas,
Phil. Abbild. Ast. tab. 1. f. 12?

Ast. test’ inflaté, cordato-rotundata, altd, creberrimé liraté ;
margine intts levi.

A small cordate species, with very numerous regular ribs, like
A. compressa, but more inflated, more cordate, the ribs more dis-
tinct and regular, and the lunule and dorsal area more defined and
excavated.

Greenland.

12. Asrartrs compressa (pl. clxvu. f. 6, 7), Montagu. Ve-
nus compressa, Test. Brit. Suppl. p. 43. pl. 26. f. 1. V. Mon-
tagui, Dillwyn, Recent Shells. Cyprina compressa, Turt. As-
tarte striata, Gray, App. Beech. Voy. pl. 44. f£. 9. A. multicosta,
Macgillivray, Ph. Abbild. Ast. tab. 1. f. 8?

Ast. test’ subtrigon’, compressi, plerumque altiore, concen-
tricé minute liraté, ris nonnunquam medio et ad marginem ven-
tralem obsoletis ; margine intis levi; epidermide tenui, olivacea.

Rather trigonal, sometimes even higher than long, with the
concentric riblets very minute, and in some cases obsolete.

Great Britain and Norway.

13. AstarTe TRIANGULARIS (pl. clxvu. f. 9), Jontagu.
Mactra triangularis, ‘Test. Brit. p. 99. pl. 38. f. 5. Mactra minu-
tissima, Mont. Test. Suppl. Goodallia triangularis, Zwrt. Mac-
trina triangularis, Brown. A. triquetra, if

Ast. testa parva, trigond, inflata, alta, politi; margine crenu-
lato.

More inflated, smaller, and higher from beak to ventral margin,
than A. quadrans, with the margin finely crenulated.

North Britain.

14. Asrarte quaprans (pl. clxvi. f. 5), Goudd, Invert.
Mass. p. 81. f. 48.
Ast. testi trigond, compressd, subsequilatera, tenui, levigata,
seu tenuissimé striat&é; margine intts leevi.
A small trigonal flattish shell, nearly equilateral and nearly

smooth.
North America.

15. Asrarre casTanna (pl. clxvi. f. 14, 15), Say, Amer.
Conch. pl. 1 (1830). An Ast. crassidens? Broderip and Sowerby,
Zool. Journ. (1828, 1829).

783

Ast. testa suborbiculari, cordata, obsoletissimé radiatim sulcata,
levi, vel sulcis concentricis obsoletis ; cardme dente centrali mag-
no, subcrenato; margine ventrali crenato.

Smooth, or very obscurely grooved concentrically, and still more
obscurely radiated, orbicular, heart-shaped, with beaks prominent ;
central hinge-tooth in one valve, large and ragged, inner margin
crenated.

Arctic Seas.

16. Astartre Fusca (pl. elxvu. f. 24), Poli. Tellina fusca,
Test. tab. 1. pl. 15. f. 32, 33. A. incrassata, Brocchi, Deshayes,
ed. Lam. vi. p. 257.

Ast. testa tumida, crassi, fusca, obscuré rubro radiata, orbicu-
lari-cordatd, versus umbones rotundatim lirata, posticé subtruncata,
intus pallidé fusci, margine crenato.

Tumid, thick, of a dark brown, with sometimes obscure radia-
tions outside, paler (but still brown) within; the concentric ridges
are smooth, round, without interstitial spaces, but generally obso-
lete from the middle to the ventral margin.

Mediterranean.

SPECIES NOT IDENTIFIED.

A. bilunata, Conrad, Jay, Cat.

A. difficilis, Jay, Cat. Greenland.

A. levis, Jay, Cat. Greenland.

A. Montagui, Gray, Turt.

A. Portlandica, Mighels, Pro. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist.

LIST OF FIGURES IN PLATE CLXVII.
(The Figure after the Name refers to the number of the Species.)

Fig. Fig.

1, 2, 3. A. sulcata, Cost. 1. 13. A. subzequilatera, Si0d.7. 6.
4, — elliptica, Brod. 2. 14, 15. — castanea, Say, 15.
5.— quadrans, Gould. 14. 16. — semisulcata, Leach, 8.

6, 7. — compressa, Mont. 12. 17, 18. — Arctica, Gray, 7.
8. — Banksii, Leach, 11. 19. — oblonga, Sows. jun. 10.
9. — triangularis, Mont. 13. 20. — Arctica, Gray, 7.

10. — erebricostata, Fordes, 5. | 21-23. — lactea, Brod. 9.
11. — intermedia, Sowd. jun. 3. 24. — fusca, Poli, 16.
12. — undata, Gould, 4.

784:

MONOGRAPH OF THE GENUS

CYPRINA.

Fam. Veneride.

Chr. Gen. Molluscum acephale ; testi sequivalvi, solida, sub-
orbiculari, ineequilaterali, epidermide induti; cardine dentibus
tribus divergentibus centralibus et uno antico sublaterali in utra-
que valvi; ligamento externo magno; impressionibus musculari-
bus reniformibus ; pallio impressione integro.

Like Circe, Astarte, and some species of Venus proper, Cyprina
has the impression of the mantle entire. It has the hinge of
Cytherea, a large protuberant ligament, and a thick coating of
epidermis.

1. Cyprina Istanpica (pl. clxvin. f. 1, 2, 3), Linn. Syst.
Nat. ed. 12. p. 1151 (Venus). Cyprina Islandica, Lamarck.
Cyprina vulgaris, Sowerby, Brown, Reeve, etc.

Cyp. test’ crassi, ventricosi, ovato-suborbiculari, concentricé
minuté striata, epidermide fusco induti; ints alb’, margine in-
tegro.

“Thick, ventricose, particularly at the hinder part, of an orbi-
cular form, slightly inclining to oval, wider behind than in front.
The outside is covered with an epidermis, which, when young, is
of a light yellowish-brown, and becomes darker and darker with
age, till it becomes almost black. The inside is white and the
border quite smooth. Although found in gravelly sand or mud
in all parts of the British coasts, Cyprina Islandica is characteris-
tically a Northern mollusc.

RAR RAPA RADAR Arner”

EMENDATIONS TO THE MONOGRAPHS OF
VENERIDA.

The Editor is indebted for nearly all the following observations
to his friends M. Deshayes and Mr. Hanley, who also kindly
favoured him with some others, which he is not quite prepared
to adopt. M. Deshayes has described some new species in the
‘Zoological Proceedings’ and in the ‘ British Museum Catalogue ;’
but the preparations for the present number were too far advanced
to admit of their insertion.

CYTHERAZA.

C. mnocens, pl. clxin. f. 210.
C. disrupta, pl. elxui. f. 208, 209.
C. multistriata, pl. exxxvi. f. 177.

I have little doubt but these are varieties of the same species,
which has been previously described by Mr. Hanley as C.
Gunere.

C. spathulata, comes from China.

C. Sinensis should be numbered in Plate cxxxi. 80 and 81, in-
stead of 79, 80. The right-hand top corner figure should

be si.
C. Tellinoidea (76) was previously described by Mr. Hanley as
C. cor.
C. Kingu, M. Deshayes is decidedly of opinion that these
C. Lamarckii species are identical.

C. corbicula is the Mactroides of Born.
C. Mactroides is now named Dillwinit by Deshayes.

C. nitidula (14) is not the true species of Lamarck, but M.
Deshayes has named it C. Delessertii.

C. dubia (2) is considered by M. Deshayes to be a variety of C.
crassatelloides.

C. elegans (113) was previously named C. pudchra by M. Deshayes.
C. elliptica (114) should be included in C. calypiga, no. 112.
C. striata (87) is tumens, Gmel.

With regard to the difficult identification of C. lusoria, C. im-
pudica, C. meretrix, C. formosa, and several other species, M.

786

Deshayes has not arrived at the same conclusions as Mr. Hanley

and myself.

C. Planatella, C. immaculata, and C. elliptica of Lamarck, should
have been added to the list of species not identified.

The following species are new, and are figured in Plate CLX VIII.

Sp. 121. C. grata (pl. clxvii. f. 218), Deshayes. Mr. Cuming’s
collection.

Sp. 122. C. planisulcata (pl. elxvii. f. 216), Sowerby, jun. ; like
C. lyra, but with the ribs flatter and larger in proportion to
the size of the shell, which is also less oblique. Mr. Hanley’s
collection.

Sp. 128. C. albo-dorsata (pl. clxvui. f. 212, 2138), Sowerby, gun. 5
resembling C. spathulata and C. Simensis, but more pointed
and less broad at the hinder part. Mr. Hanley’s collection.

Sp. 124. C. lineolata (pl. elxvii. f. 214, 215), Sowerby, jun. ;
like C. Venetiana, but having a remarkable livid spot, like
the commencement of a ray on the anterior side of the apex.
The lunule and dorsal area are prettily marked with red
cross lines. Mr. Hanley’s collection.

Sp. 125. C. simplex (pl. clxvii. f. 217), Sowerby, jun.

Circe.
Circe plebeja was previously named C. sulcata, Gray.

TapEs.

T. fluctuosa, sp. 74 (Suppl.). Our shell must be differently named,
as the true 7. fluctuosa of Gould is the shell which we now
figure (pl. clxvii. f. 167).

T. rariflamma, sp. 1, is dura, Gmel.

T. papilionacea, sp. 2, is V. rotunda, Gmel.

T. rimosa, sp. 11, is U. undulata, Born.

The following new species are figured in Plate CLX VIII.

Sp. 76. 2. anatina (pl. elxvii. f. 165, 166), Sowerby, jun. ;
wrongly named virginea by Philippi. Mr. Hanley’s collec-
tion.

Sp. 77. 7. inequalis (pl. elxviii. f. 164), Sowerby, jun. ; so named
from the unequal strength of its decussated striae. Mr.
Hanley’s collection.

187

VENUS.
V. rostrata, sp. 42, is from Florida.

V. histrionica, sp. 32; a more characteristic form is figured in
pl. clxvii. f. 229, from Mr. Hanley’s collection.

V. Kochi, sp. 105, is V. paupercula of Chemnitz.

V. Africana, sp. 106, is floridella of Gray.

V. flexuosa, sp. 39, is properly V. impressa.

V. punctifera, sp. 40, is the true /. fleruosa, of which a more
characteristic variety is figured in pl. elxviu. f. 230.

V. magnifica, sp. 2, was first so named by Mr. Hanley.

V. spurca, sp. 49, was previously named /. mesodesma.

V. crebrisulca, sp. 75, is not the shell so named by Lamarck ;
M. Deshayes has named it V. Suhesiz.

The following are new :—

Sp. 110. V. parva (pl. clxvii. f. 227, 228), Sowerby, jun., like
V. pygmea, but flatter and more finely decussated; in Mr.
Hanley’s collection ; from Florida.

Sp. lll. /. spherisulca (pl. clxvui. f. 231), Deshayes.

RAR nnn

LIST OF FIGURES IN PLATE CLXVIII.
(The Figure after each Name refers to the number of the Species.)
CYPRINA AND SUPPLEMENTARY VENERID AL.

Fig. 1, 2,3. Cyp. Islandica, Linn.
212, 213. Cyth. albodorsata, Sowd. jun. 123.

214, 215. — _ lineolata, Sowd. jun. 124.
216. — grata, Desh. 121.
217. — simplex, Sovwd. jun. 125.
164. Tapes inzequalis, Sowd. jun. 77.
165,166. — _ anatina, Sowd. jun. 78.
167. — fluctuosa, Sowd. jun. 74.
227, 228. Venus parva, Sows. jun. 110.
229. — _histrionica, 32.
230. — _ flexuosa, Gel. 39.
231. -——_ spherisulca, Desh. 111.

Or

K

788

ALPHABETICAL LIST OF SPECIES OF THE GENERA
VENERUPIS, PETRICOLA, ASTARTE, CYPRINA,

WITH ADDITIONS AND EMENDATIONS TO THE LIST OF OTHER GENERA
OF VENERIDE.

albo-dorsata, Sowd. jun., Cyth. App. sp. 123. pl. 168. f. 212, 213.
amygdalina, Pet., not identified.

anatina, Sowd. jun., Tap. App. sp. 76. pl. 168. f. 165, 166.
Arctica, Gray, Ast. 7. pl. 167. f. 17, 18, 20.
arcuata, v. Venerup., sp. 28.

Banksti, Leach, Ast. 11. pl. 167. f. 8.
bicolor, Sowd. gun., Pet. 18. pl. 165. f. 22.
bidentata, Pet., not identified.

bilunata, Con., Ast., not identified.

bipartita, Ast. Ph. is a Circe.

bipartita, Desh., Pet. 15. pl. 166. f. 22.
borealis, Chemn., Ast. Arctica, 7.

Californica, v. Venerup. sp. 28.

carditoides, Lamk., Venerup. 4. pl. 164. f. 4.
castanea, Say, Ast. 15, pl. 167. f. 14, 15.
Chinensis, Desh., Pet. 16. pl. 166. f. 15.
Chinensis, Desh., Venerup. 22. pl. 165. f. 29.
compressa, Mont., Ast. 12. pl. 167. f. 6, 7.
concinna, Sowd., Pet. 8. pl. 166. f. 3.

cor, Hail., figured as Cyth. Tedlinoides.
Cordieri, Desh., Venerup. 14. pl. 164. f. 2.
cornubiensis, v. Venerup., sp. 1.

corrugata, Brown, Ast. Arctica.

costata, v. Petricola, sp. 20.

costellata, Pet., not identified.

costellata, v. Petricola, sp. 12.

crassatella, Ast. sulcata, sp. 1.

crassidens, Ast. castanea, 15.

789

crebricosta, Forbes, Ast. 5. pl. 167. f. 10.
crenata, Lamk., Venerup. 5. pl. 164. f. 18, 19.
cultellus, Desh., Pet. 4. pl. 166. f. 2, 5.
Cumingii, Desh., Venerup. 21. pl. 164. f. 12.
cylindracea, Desh., Venerup. 28. pl. 165. f. 36, 37, 38.
cyprinoides, Duval, Ast. Arctica, 7.

dactylus, Sowd., Pet. 5. pl. 166. f. 4.
Danmoniensis, Ast. sulcata, sp. 1.

decussata, v. Venerup. sp. 10.

decussata, v. Petricola, sp. 12.

denticulata, Sowd., Pet. 6. pl. 166. f. 6, 7.
derelicta, Desh., Venerup. 9. pl. 164. f. 16.
Diemenensis, Quoy, Venerup. 11. pl. 164. f. 11.
difficilis, Astarte, not identified.

discors, Pet., not identified.

distans, Venerup., not identified.

divaricata, Chemn., Pet. 19. pl. 166. f. 24, 25.
dura, Gimel., takes precedence of Ven. rariflamma.
elegans, Desh., Pet. 9. pl. 166. f. 8.

elliptica, Cyth., not identified.

elliptica, Brown, Ast. 1. pl. 167. f. 4.

elliptica, Sowd., Pet. 10. pl. 166. f. 10.

exotica, Hanl., Venerup. 3. pl. 164. f. 7.
fimbriata, Sow. jun., Venerup. 12. pl. 165. f. 23.
flabagella, Pet., not identified.

flexuosa, Venus, add. f. 280. f. 168.

fluctuosa, Gould, Tap. pl. 168. f. 167.

foliacea, Desh., Venerup. 6. pl. 164. f. 8, 9.
foliatus, v. Venerup. sp. 1.

fornicata, v. Petricola, sp. 7.

fusca, Poli, Ast. 16. pl. 187. f, 24.

gibba, v. Petricola, sp. 7.

gracilis, Desh., Pet. 3. pl. 166. f. 12.

grata, Desh., Cyth. App. sp. 121.

Guneri, Hanl., Cyth. pl. 136. f. 177, and pl. 143. f. 208, 9, 10.
histrionica, Ven. add. f. 229. pl. 168.
emmaculata, Cyth., not identified.

incrassata, Ast. fusea, 16.

790

inzequalis, Sowd. jun., Tap. App. sp. 77, pl. 168, f. 164.
insignis, Desh., Venerup. 7. pl. 164. f. 5, 6.

interjecta, Desh., Venerup. 18. pl. 164. f. 14.
intermedia, Sowd. jun., Ast. 3. pl. 167. f. 11.
interstriata, Sowd. jun., Venerup. 17. pl. 165. f. 26.
Trus, Linn., Venerup. 1. pl. 164. f. 1, and var. pl. 165. f. 31, 32.
Japonica, Ast. Arctica, 7.

Jukesii, Desh., by error, Ven. crebrisulca.

lactea, Brod., Ast. 9. pl. 167. f. 21, 22, 28.

lapicida, Chemn., Pet. 20. pl. 166. f. 26.

latisulca, Ast. undata, 3.

levis, Ast., not identified.

lineolata, Sowd. jun., Cyth. App. sp. 124. pl. 168, f. 212. 213.
lithophaga, Retz., Pet. 12. pl. 166. f. 18, 19.
macrophylla, Desh., Venerup. 2. pl. 165. f. 20.
mesodesma, takes precedence of V. spurca.

minutissima, Ast. triangularis, 13.

mirabilis, Desh., Venerup. 13. pl. 165. f. 24.

mitis, Desh., Venerup. 8. pl. 165. f. 22.

Montagui, Ast., not identified.

monstrosa, Chemn., Venerup. 20. pl. 164. f. 13.
Mortoni, Ast. undata, 3.

multicosta, Ast. compressa, 12.

nivea, Chemn., Pet. 7. pl. 166. f. 13, 14.

nucleus, Venerup., 2ot identified.

Nuttallii, Conrad, Venerup. 16. pl. 164. f. 10.

obesa, Desh., Venerup. 19. pl. 164. f. 15.

oblonga, Sowerby, Venerup. 11. pl. 165. f. 21.

oblonga, Sowd. jun., Ast. 10. pl. 167. f. 19.

ovata, Ast. elliptica, 2.

parva, Sowd. jun., Ven. sp. 110. App. pl. 168. f. 227, 228.
paupercula, Chemn., takes precedence of V. Kochii, Ph.
paupercula, Desh., Venerup. 24. pl. 165. f. 30.
Petricola, v. P. lithophaga, sp. 12.

Pholadiformis, Zamk., Pet. 1. pl. 166, f. 1.

planatella, Cyth., not identified.

planicosta, Desh., Venerup. 26. pl. 165. f. 33.
planisulcata, Sowd. jun., Cyth, App. sp. 122.

791

Portlandica, Ast., not identified.

pulchra, Desh., Cyth. elegans, dy error.

pulcherrima, Desh., Venerup. 15. pl. 165. f. 28.
quadrans, Gould, Ast. 14. pl. 167. f. 5.

robusta, Sowerby, Pet. 14. pl. 166. f. 16, 17.
roccellaria, v. Petricola, sp. 12.

rotunda, Gmel., takes precedence of Ven. papilionacea, 2.
rugosa, V. Petricola, sp. 7.

rugosa, Desh., Venerup. 23. pl. 165. f. 25.

ruperella, v. Petricola, sp. 12.

Scotica, Ast. sulcata, sp. 1.

semilamellata, Lamh., Pet. 17. pl. 166. f. 23.
semisulcata, Leach, Ast. 8. pl. 167. f. 16.
semisulcata, Ast. sulcata, sp. 1, Ast. elliptica, sp. 2.
serrata, Desh., Pet. 2. pl. 166. f. 11.

serrata, V. Venerup., sp. 5.

solida, Sowd., Pet. 11. pl. 166. f. 9.

spheerisulea, Desh., Ven. sp. 111. App. pl. 168. f. 231.
siliqua, Desh., Venerup. 25. pl. 165. f. 27.

simplex, Sowd. jun., Cyth. App. sp. 125. pl. 168. f. 217.
striata, Ast. compressa, 12.

striata, v. Petricola, sp. 12.

subeequilatera, Sowd. jun., Ast. 6. pl. 167. f. 13.
subglobosa, v. Venerup., sp. 28.

sulcata, Costa, Ast. 1. pl. 167. f. 1, 2, 3.

suleata, Gray, by error, Cyth, plebeja.

tenuis, v. Petricola, sp. 7.

triangularis, Mont., Ast. 13. pl. 167. f. 9.

triquetra, Ast. triangularis, 13.

tumens, Gmel., Cyth. striata, by error.

tumida, Sow, jun., Venerup. 27. pl. 165. f. 34, 35.
typica, Jonas, Pet. 18. pl. 166. f. 21.

undata, Gould, Ast. 4. pl. 167. f. 12.

undulata, Born, takes precedence of Ven. rimosa, 11.
ventricosa, v. Petricola, sp. 5.

vulgaris, Cyprina Islandica, 1.

793

MONOGRAPHS OF THE GENERA

EULIMA, NISO, LEIOSTRACA, OBELISCUS,
PYRAMIDELLA, AND MONOPTYGMA.

By ARTHUR ADAMS, Surcxon, R.N., F.L.S., prc.

Genus EULIMA, Risso.

Tongue unarmed; tentacles simple, subulate, eyes sessile at
their outer bases; mantle enclosed, with a rudimentary siphonal
fold; foot linguiform, produced in front, with a bilobed mentum,
operculigerous lobe developed, at the sides, into even-edged, un-
equal expansions or lobes.

Operculum horny, ovate, subspiral.

Shell elongated, white, smooth, polished ; spire produced, many-
whorled, frequently with an interrupted varix on one side, apex
acute; aperture oval, pointed behind, inner lip reflexed over the
pillar ; axis imperforate ; outer lip thickened internally.

Syn. Pasithea, J. Lea ; Polyphemopsis, Portlock ; Balcis, Leach.

1. Eurima porrra (pl. clxix. f. 1), Lenn. (Helix), Syst. Nat.
ed. 12, p.1241. Strombiformis albus, Costa. Turbo albus, Donov.
Turbo politus, Zt. Rissoa Bosci, Payr. Phasianella polita,
Hem. Melania Boscu, Phd. Hulima Anglica, Sow. Conch. Ic.
fig. 5.

E. testa elongato-turrita, solida, eburned, nitidissima ; anfracti-
bus angustis, planis, contiguis; aperturd minima, ovata, superné
acuminata.

Hlongately turreted, solid, white, subopaque, polished ; whorls

narrow, flattened; aperture small, ovate, acuminate posteriorly.
British Islands, etc. (Mus. Cuming.)

2. Hurrma vistorva (pl. clxix. f. 6), Deshayes, Desc. des
Coq. Foss. de Paris. Melania distorta, P77. Moll. Sicil. vol. i.
pelos. pl, Oi. 10:

794

EK. test& minima, elongato-subulati, distort4, mitidissima, pel-
lucid’; anfractibus planulatis, contiguis ; apertura lanceolata.

Hlongately subulate, polished, semipellucid, distorted ; whorls
flattened ; aperture lanceolate.

Sicily, Britain, etc. (Mus. Cuming.)

3. Hurma masor (pl. clxix. f. 8, 4), Sowerby, Pro. Zool.
Soc. 1834; Conch. Illustr. ff. 1, 1*, 1**.

E. testi acuminato-pyramidali, opaci, lacteé ; anfractibus con-
vexiusculis ; aperturd ovato-acuta, basi dilataté; labro arcuato.

Elongated, turriculate, inflexed, white, smooth, opaque ; whorls
convex, narrow, numerous ; aperture oval-oblong, acute posteriorly ;
outer lip simple, obtuse, arcuated.

Tahiti. (Mus. Cuming.)

4, Huta nastata (pl. clxix. f. 7, 8), Sowerby, Pro. Zool.
Soc. 1834; Conch. Ilustr. f. 10.

E. testi breviusculd, alb’, prope apicem testacei; apertura
ovati, margine laterali anticoque subangulatis.

Whorls flattened, the first opaque and yellowish, the last white
and diaphanous, the last whorl subangular; aperture small, oval,
pointed posteriorly.

Sancta Elena. (Mus. Cuming.)

5. Kura arricurata (pl. clxix. f. 15), Sowerby, Pro. Zool.
Soe. 1834; Conch. Llustr. f. 12.

E. test’ acuminato-pyramidali, alba, fusco articulaté et marmo-
raté; anfractibus subrotundatis, varicibus subprominulis ; labio
externo crassiusculo.

Acuminately pyramidal, white, articulated and marbled with
fuscous ; whorls roundish; varices rather prominent; outer lip a
little thickened.

Shores of Australia. (Mus. Cuming.)

6. Hurima suBpaneurara (pl. clxix. f. 11, 12), Sowerdy, Pro.
Zool. Soc. 1834; Conch. Llustr. f. 3.

EK. testi acuminato-pyramidali, tenui, opaci, albi; anfractu
ultimo anticé subangulato.

Acuminately pyramidal, thin, opaque, white; last whorl ante-
riorly somewhat angulated.

Indian Ocean. (Mus. Cuming.)

7. Eutut1a pusizia (pl. clxix. f. 9, 10, 21), Sowerby, Pro.

795

Zool. Soc. 1834; Conch. Ilustr. f. 6. Eulima Jamaicensis, C.
B. Adams.

E. test’ acuminato-pyramidali, tenui, hyalina, alb’;; anfractibus
longiusculis ; apertura ovali, posticé coarctato-acuminata.

Straight, subulate, thin, white, transparent ; whorls slightly con-
vex; aperture elong gate. oval, pointed posteriorly.

Sancta Elena. (Mus. Cuming.)

. Evra Martini (pl. clxix. f. 6), 4. Adams.

ne testa subulato-pyramidali, alba, solida, polita, apice flexuosa ;
anfractibus numerosis, planulatis, varicibus impressis, continuis,
ad latus dextrum usque ad apicem extendentibus, anfractu ultimo
subangulato; apertura ovali; labio anticé incrassato et reflexo ;
labro in medio producto.

Acuminately pyramidal, white, solid; whorls numerous, flat-
tened, with a continuous varix at the right side, last. whorl rather
angulated ; ; Inner lip expanded and thickened anteriorly ; outer lip
sinuous, produced in the middle.

China Sea, Capt. Martin. (Mus. Cuming.)

9. Huta sorrpura (pl. clxix. f. 13), Adams et Reeve.
Zool. Voy. Sam. Moll. p. 53. pl. 11. f. 27.

K. testa abbreviato-turritd, solidula, tortuos4, varicosi ; anfrac-
tibus novem ad decem, convexis; apertura parva, eburned.

Solid, opaque, white, tortuous, with irregular varices; whorls
convex, nine to ten; aperture small.

China Sea.

10. Evrima tortvuosa (pl. clxix. f. 14), Adams et Reeve,
Zool. Voy. Sam. Moll. p. 53. pl. 11. f. 26.

E. testa tortuosi, acuminata ; anfractibus duodecim ad quatuor-
decim, plano-contiguis, obliqué varicosis; apertura parviuscula,
eburnea, infra suturas obscuré lineata.

Tortuous, acuminated ; whorls twelve to fourteen, flattened, with
oblique varices ; aperture small, white, opaque, obscurely lineated
beneath the sutures.

China Sea.

11. Eurima pyramrpatts (pl. clxix. f. 16), 4. Adams.

EK. testé subulato-pyramidali, alba, nitidd, subpellucidd ; anfrac-
tibus decem, planulatis, lined impress4, prope suturas, instructis ;
anfractu ultimo subangulato ; apertura oblongo-ovali; labro mar-
gine in medio subproducto.

Or

L

796

White, shining, subpellucid ; whorls ten, flattened, with an im-
pressed line near the sutures, last whorl somewhat angulated ;
aperture oblong-oval; outer lip with the margin rather produced
in the middle.

Isle of Capul; on the reefs, in sand, low water. H.C. (Mus.
Cuming.)

12. Eutma niriputa (pl. clxix. f. 18), 4. Adams.

KE. testa subulato-turrita, albida, solidi, subopacd; anfractibus
undecim, planulatis, ultimo rotundato, anticé subproducto ; aper-
turd oblongé ; labio anticé subreflexo.

Subulately turreted, white, solid, rather opaque ; whorls eleven,
flattened, the last rounded; aperture oblong, anteriorly somewhat
produced ; inner lip anteriorly subreflexed.

Singapore; coarse gravel and sand, twelve fathoms. (Mus.
Cuming.)

13. Eurima Fiexvosa (pl. clxix. f. 22), 4. Adams.

E. testé subulato-turrita, flexuosa, alba, solid’, subopacd; an-
fractibus quindecim, planulatis, lined impressi subpellucidd ad su-
turas, anfractu ultimo rotundato ; apertura oblonga ; labro margine
flexuoso, in medio producto.

Subulately turreted, flexuous, white, solid, subopaque; whorls
fifteen, flattened, with a subpellucid impressed line at the sutures,
last whorl rounded; aperture oblong ; outer lip with the margin
flexuous and produced in the middle.

Hab. P (Mus. Cuming.)

14. Kurma terostoma (pl. clxix. f. 23), 4. Adams.

E. test& subulato-turrita, recté, albidd, mitida, subpellucida ;
anfractibus duodecim, planulatis, lined impressi infra suturas,
anfractu ultimo rotundato; apertura oblongo-ovali, anticé pro-
ducté; labio rectiusculo, anticé reflexo; labro margine in medio
dilatato.

Straight, white, shining, rather pellucid; whorls twelve, flat-
tened, with an impressed line beneath the sutures, last whorl
rounded; aperture oblong-oval, anteriorly produced; imner lip
rather straight, reflexed anteriorly ; outer lip with the margin di-
lated in the middle.

Feejee Islands; on coral reefs, low water. (Mus. Cuming.)

15. Eviima opessuta (pl. clxix. f. 34), 4. Adams.

E. testa pyramidato-ovali, alba, nitida, solida, opacd; anfractibus

197

sex, convexis, anfractu ultimo rotundato ; aperturi oblongo-ovali ;
labro margine incrassato, nec marginato aut reflexo.

Pyramidately oval, white, shining, solid, opaque; whorls six,
convex, the last rounded; aperture oblong-oval; outer lip with
the margin thickened, but not marginate or reflexed.

Gindulman, isle of Bohol; in soft mud, eight fathoms. H. C.
(Mus. Cuming.)

16. Evia cusprpata (pl. clxix. f. 33), 4. Adams.

E. testé subulato-pyramidali, albida, solidd, recta; anfractibus
duodecim, convexiusculis, anfractu ultimo rotundato; apertura
oblongo-ovali; labio anticé calloso, subrecto ; labro acuto.

Subulately pyramidal, whitish, solid, straight; whorls twelve,
rather convex, the last rounded ; aperture oblong-oval; inner lip
anteriorly callous, rather straight ; outer lip acute.

Sibonga, island of Zebu; on loose coral, under stones, low
water. H.C. (Mus. Cuming.)

17. Evia acura (pl. clxix. f. 29, 30), Sowerby, Pro. Zool.
Soc. 1834.

E. testé aciculato-turrita, albidd, rect’, subopaci; anfractibus
duodecim, planiusculis, ultimo rotundato ; apertura oblonga, anticé
subreflexd ; labio subincrassato ; labro margine recto.

Aciculate, white, straight, rather opaque; whorls twelve, flat-
tened, the last rounded; aperture oblong, anteriorly subreflexed ;
inner lip thickened ; outer lip with the margin straight.

Sual, Province of Cangisanan, island of Luzon; sandy mud,
seven fathoms. H.C. (Mus. Cuming.)

18. Huttma porcettana (pl. clxix. f. 25), 4. Adams.

E. testa subulat4, alba, solida, opaci, apice subflexuoso ; anfrac-
tibus planulatis, tredecim ad quatuordecim, varicibus impressis,
irregularibus, lateralibus ; apertura oblongo-ovali; labio anticé cal-
loso, vix reflexo ; labro margine in medio dilatato.

Subulate, white, solid, opaque, apex rather flexuous; whorls
flattened, thirteen to fourteen, with irregular lateral varices ;
aperture oblong-oval ; inner lip anteriorly callous, slightly reflexed ;
outer lip with the margin dilated in the middle.

Hab. P (Mus. Cuming.)

19. Kurima Granois (pl. clxix. f. 24), A. Adams.

K. testa subulato-pyramidali, alba, solidi, opacd, flexuosd; an-
fractibus quindecim, planiusculis, varicibus lateralibus continuis

198

instructis, anfractu ultimo angulato; apertura obliqua, oblongo-
ovali; labio anticé calloso; labro margine flexuoso, anticé subreflexo.

Subulately pyramidal, white, solid, opaque, flexuous; whorls
fifteen, flattened, with continuous lateral varices, the last whorl
angulated ; aperture oblique, oblong-oval ; inner lip anteriorly cal-
lous; outer lip with the margin flexuous, anteriorly subreflexed.

Island of Burias; coral sand, seven fathoms. H.C. (Mus.
Cuming.)

20. Euttma mMopicetta (pl. clxix. f. 27, 28), 4. Adams.

i. testa subulato-pyramidali, albé, semipellucida, flexuosi; an-
fractibus undecim, planulatis, varicibus lateralibus, continuis, in-
structis, anfractu ultimo, m medio vix angulaté; apertura ovali,
columella anticé subrecta ; labro antice producto.

Subulately pyramidal, white, semipellucid ; whorls eleven, flat-
tened, with continuous lateral varices, the last whorl slightly an-
gulated in the middle; aperture oval; columella anteriorly some-
what straight ; outer lip anteriorly produced.

Island of Zebu; sandy mud, seven fathoms. H.C. (Mus.
Cuming.)

21. Huta Cuminer (pl. clxix. f. 26), 4. Adams.

Li. testé subulato-turrita, alba, recta, solidé, opacd; anfractibus
tredecim, convexiusculis, varicibus irregularibus, impressis, in-
structis, anfractu ultimo rotundato, apertura oblongo-ovali ; labio
anticé incrassato calloso; labro recto.

Subulately turreted, white, straight, solid, opaque; whorls thir-
teen, rather convex, with irregular longitudinal varices, last whorl
rounded ; aperture oblong-oval ; inner lip anteriorly thickened and
callous ; outer hip simple.

Lord Hood’s Island, South Seas; on Avicula margaritifera.
H.C. (Mus. Cuming.)

22. Kura tora (pl. clxix. f. 19), C. B. Adams, Shells of
Panama, p. 198.

E. testa subulata, levi, nitente, Imei microscopicé impressi,
supra lineam lacted; infra lineam diaphana, apice subacuta ; spira
valdé arcuati; anfractibus decem, subconvexis, sutura conspicua ;
apertura parva, ovata, subeffusi; labro ad mediam partem pro-
ducto.

A small species, with a fine line a little below the middle of
the whorls, above which line the shell is chalcedonic, white, and
translucent, and below which it is transparent.

Panama. (Mus. Cuming.)

799

23, Huria virrea (pl. clxix. f. 35), 4. Adams.

E. testa subulata, acuta, recta, albida, vitred ; anfractibus pla-
nulatis, lined impressd prope suturas, anfractu ultimo rotundato ;
apertura oblongo-ovali ; labio anticé recto, in medio vix tortuoso ;
labro anticé subreflexo.

Subulate, acute, straight, whitish, glassy; whorls flattened,
with an impressed‘line near the sutures, last whorl rounded ;
aperture oblong-oval ; inner lip anteriorly straight, slightly twisted
in the middle, outer lip anteriorly subflexous.

Fejee Islands ; from the stomach of a Holothuria. Capt. Swain.
(Mus. Cuming.)

24, Hurmma potyeyra (pl. clxix. f. 36), 4. Adams.

HE. test subulato-pyramidali, alba, subopacd, apice tortuosi ;
anfractibus permultis, planulatis, ultimo angulatis ; apertura ob-
liqua, subtetragonali; labio anticée reflexo; labro in medio valdé
dilatato.

Subulately pyramidal, white, rather opaque, apex tortuous ;
whorls very numerous, flattened, the last angulated; aperture
oblique, subtetragonal ; inner lip anteriorly reflexed ; outer lip di-
lated in the middle.

Cagayan, province of Misamis, isle of Mindanao; sandy mud,
fifty fathoms. A. C. (Mus. Cuming.)

25. Huurma tactea (pl. clxix. f. 2), 4. Adams.

E. testa subulata, alba, opacd, solida, politi; spira recta, an-
fractibus planis, varicibus continuis impressis ad latus dextrum
instructis ; apertura ellipticd, anticé subproducta ; labio anticé re-
flexiusculo ; labro incrassato.

Subulate, solid, white, opaque; whorls flat, with a continuous
varix on the nght side; spire straight ; aperture ovate, oblong,
rather produced and everted anteriorly ; outer lip somewhat thick-
ened.

Philippines. (Mus. Cuming.)

26. Kura wasrosa (pl. clxix. f. 31), Sowerby, Pro. Zool.
Soc. Conch. Ilustr. f. 2.

E. testé acuminato-pyramidali, basi latiusculé ; anfractibus con-
vexiusculis ; aperturd brevi; labro lateraliter dilatato, producto.

The outer hp is sinuous and dilated; the aperture is slightly
channelled at the fore part, the outline is conical or pyramidal,
the spire is rather contorted, and the last whorl is large and some-
what veutricose.

Isle of Annaa, Pacific. (Mus. Cuming.)

800

27. KuLima BREVIS (pl. clxix. f. 32), Sowerby, Pro. Zool. Soc.
1834, Conch. [lustr. f. 15.

E. testa brevi, acuminata, hyalina, varicibus subsecundis ; aper-
turd anticé rotundata.

The spire of this species is short, rather inflexed, and composed
of numerous convex whorls; the last whorl is large; the aperture
is oval and rounded anteriorly, and the outer lip is somewhat di-
lated, reflexed, and produced anteriorly.

Pacific Ocean; on the shells of the Pearl Oyster. (Mus.
Cuming.)

28. Huta nitiwa (pl. clxix. f. 17, 20), Lamarck (Melania),
Hist. An. s. vert. vol. viii. p. 447. no. 8.

E. test& subulata, alba, glabra, nitidissima ; anfractibus quinque,
planulatis; apertura ovato-acuta, anticé subreflexi; labro acuto,
arcuato.

Small, subulate, white, polished; whorls from four to five, flat-
tened ; aperture acutely ovate, somewhat dilated, and everted an-
teriorly ; outer lip simple, arcuated.

Mediterranean.

Grnus NISO, Risso.

Animal as in Hudima.

Operculum horny, subspiral.

Shell subulate, turreted, many-whorled, axis perforated ; aper-
ture oval, anteriorly angulated ; outer lip simple, acute ; umbilicus
very deep, extending as far as the apex of the spire.

Syn. Bonellia, Desh., not Rolando ; Janella, Grat., not Gray.

1. Niso TEREBELLUM (pl. clxx. f. 6, 7), Chemnitz (Turbo),
Conch. 10. t. 165. f. 1592, 1593. Bulimus terebellatus, Lam.
Hist. Helix terebellata, Broce. Bonellia terebellata, Desh.

N. testa acuminato-pyramidali, brunnea aut sordidé alba ; an-
fractibus paullulum rotundatis ; umbilico magno, patulo, perom-
phalo angulato; apertura anticé angulaté et product.

Acuminately pyramidal, brown or dirty white; whorls some-
what rounded; umbilicus large, open, the circumference angu-
lated; aperture produced and angulated anteriorly.

Nicobar. (Mus. Cuming.)

801

2. Niso Marmorara (pl. elxx. f. 2), Sowerby (Hulima), Sow.
Conch. Ilustr. f. 8.

N. test subulaté, albido brunneoyue marmorati; anfractibus
convextusculis ; umbilico magno, patulo; apertura anticé angulata.

Subulate, whitish, marbled with brown; whorls slightly rounded;
umbilicus large and patulous ; aperture angular in front.

Philippine Islands. (Mus. Cuming.)

3. Niso mnterrvpta (pl. clxx. f. 9), Sowerdy (Eulima), Pro.
Zool. Soc. Jan. 1834; Conch. Ilustr. f. 11.

N. testé acuminato pyramidali, albicante, ad varices brunneo
maculaté ; umbilico mediocri; apertura anticé angulata.

Acuminately pyramidal, whitish, spotted with brown at the va-
rices ; umbilicus moderate ; aperture anteriorly angulated.

Central America; dredged in coarse sand at from eleven to
thirteen fathoms. (Mus. Cuming.)

4. Niso SPLENDIDULA (pl. clxx. f. 8), Sowerby (Eulima), Pro.
Zool. Soc. Jan. 1834; Conch. Illustr. f. 7. Bon. splendidula,
Desh.

N. testa acuminato-pyramidali, brunnescente, prope suturas
albo castaneoque articulata; umbilico magno; apertura anticé
angulata.

Acuminately pyramidal, brownish, articulated near the sutures
with white and chestnut; umbilicus large; aperture anteriorly
angulated.

Sancta Elena; sandy mud, six to eight fathoms. (Mus. Cuming.)

5. Niso Brunyea (pl. clxx. f. 3), Sowerby (Kulima), Pro.
Zool. Soc. ; Conch. Illustr. f. 9. Bonellia brunnea, Desf.

N. testé acuminato-pyramidali, brunned; anfractibus rotunda-
tis; umbilico parvo; apertura anticé rotundata.

Acuminately pyramidal, brown; whorls rounded; umbilicus
small; aperture anteriorly rounded.

Island of Haynan, China Sea. (Mus. Cuming.)

6. Niso coniostoma (pl. clxx. f. 1), 4. Adams.

N. test acuminato-pyramidali, levi, nitida, albidi; anfractibus
duodecim, planis, longitudinaliter substriatis, fascia lata luteo-
fuscd ornatis, anfractu ultimo subangulato; umbilico profundo,
aperto, margine crenulato; apertura elongato-ovali, anticé angu-
lata et valde producta.

802

Distinguished by the broad band in the middle of the whorls,
and by the angular, produced aperture.
Isle of Burias; seven fathoms, fine sand. (Mus. Cuming.)

7. Niso CANDIDULA (clxx. f. 4, 5), 4. Adams.

N. testé subulato-pyramidali, albida, nitidd, longitudinaliter
substriataé ; anfractibus quatuordecim, convexiusculis, ultimo sub-
angulato ; apertura ellipticd, anticé producta, angustatd ; labio sub-
reflexo ; umbilico mediocri, perspectivo, margine corrugato.

A white, solid, pyramidal species, with the sides slightly con-
cave, the last whorl somewhat angulated, and with a rather nar-
row, corrugated umbilicus.

Philippines. (Mus. Cuming.)

8. Niso rmpricata (pl. clxx. f. 10), Sowerby (Kulima), Pro.
Zool. Soc. 1834; Conch. Illustr. f. 4. es

N. testa acuminato-pyramidali, albida, longitudinaliter spadiceo-
lineata; anfractibus imfra angulatis, prominentibus; umbilico
parvo; aperturé anticé angulata.

Acuminately pyramidal, whitish, longitudinally lineated with
light red; whorls angulated below, prominent; umbilicus small ;
aperture anteriorly angulated.

Sancta Elena; in sandy mud, from six to eight fathoms. (Mus.
Cuming.)

Genus LEIOSTRACA, H. et A. Adams.

Shell turreted, subulate, flattened, widest from side to side,
polished, smooth, semipellucid; sides with a thin varix extending
as far as the apex of the spire; aperture oblong, entire; inner
lip distinct, callous, slightly sinuous in the middle; outer lip
flexuous.

This genus comprises a suite of small polished shells resembling
Eulima, but they are always straight and laterally compressed ;
the whorls are usually adorned with a coloured band, the aper-
ture is elongate, and the sides of the whorls are furnished with
thin varices.

1. Letosrraca Mercatret (pl. clxx. f. 12, 13), 4. Adams.

L. test& aciculato-fusiformi, compress4, lateribus varicibus im-
pressis continuis instructis ; anfractibus planis, cingula rufa lineis-

803

que undulatis, longitudinalibus ornatis ; anfractu ultimo elongato,
cingulis duabus transversis ornato ; labio calloso; labro margine
flexuoso.

This species, the most typical of the genus, is remarkably com-
pressed, with the varices continuous on each side; besides the
usual coloured zones peculiar to this group, there are likewise
irregular, longitudinal streaks of the same colour.

2. Lerosrraca suBuLata (pl. clxx. f. 15, 16), Donovan
(Turbo), Brit. Shells, vol. v. pl. 172. Helix subulata, Montagu.
Helix flavocincta, Mey. Melania Cambessedesii, Payr. HWulima
subulata, Risso. Melania Donovani, Fordes. Eulima lineata,
Sow. Conch. Ill. f. 13? Strombiformis glaber, Costa? Turbo
trifasciatus, Adams.

L. testa fusiformi, tenui, alba, lineis fuscis, duabus, spiralibus ;
apertura oblonga.

Fusiform, thin, white, with two spiral red-brown bands ; aper-
ture oblong.

British Islands, etc. (Mus. Cuming.)

3. Lerostraca acuta (pl. clxx. f. 25), Sowerby, Pro. Zool.
Soc. 1834.

L. testa turrito-acuta, albi; anfractibus duodecim, levibus,
suturis obsoletis, varicibus sparsis.

Acutely turreted, white; whorls twelve, smooth, sutures obso-
lete, varices few.

Bay of Montiji, Central America. (Mus. Cuming.)

4. Letostraca BILINEATA (pl. clxx. f. 20, 21, 22), Alder
(Eulima), Moll. Northumb. and Durh. p. 47. Helix subulata
(var.), JZont. Phasianella subulata, Mem. Pyramis subulata,
Brown.

L. testé subulatd, tenui, pellucida, albida, lineis duabus, rufo-
fuscis, spiralibus ornaté; anfractu ultimo subventricoso; apertura
oblonga, columella vix arcuata.

This species differs from LZ. swbulata in being smaller, in having
only two bands, close together, in the centre of the body-whorl, in
the whorls being less oblique, and in the aperture not being quite
so much contracted.

British Islands.

5. Lerosrraca Mrnporensis (pl. clxx. f. 14), Adams et
Reeve (Kulima), Zool. Voy. Sam. Moll. p. 52. pl. 11. f. 25.

5 M

804

L. testa elongato-turrité, basi subobesi, suturis impressis ; an-
fractibus decem, convexis ; apertura ovata; pellucido-alba, opaco-
albo maculata et lineata.

Elongate-turreted ; whorls rather convex, sutures impressed ;
nearly transparent, mottled with opaque white ; aperture oblong.

Mindoro Sea; Philippines.

6. Lerosrraca varians (pl. clxx. f. 23, 24), Sowerby (Ku-
lima), Pro. Zool. Soc. 1834; Conch. Ilustr. f. 14.

L. testa subfusiformi, acuminata, tenui, coloribus varid ; aper-
tura oblonga.

Subfusiform, acuminated, thin, colour various; aperture ob-
long. Some varieties are white, others brown, and others are
marked with brown lines and are mottled.

Xipixapi, Meridional America. (Mus. Cuming.)

7. Lutosrraca UNILINEATA (pl. clxx. f. 17), Adams et Reeve
(Eulima), Zool. Voy. Sam. Moll. p. 52. pl. 11. f. 23.

L. testa aciculaté; anfractibus octo, plano-contiguis ; apertura
suboblong’ ; rufo-brunned, lined unica nigrante cingulata.

A rich red-brown, sharply aciculated species, with the sutures
almost obsolete, and encircled throughout with a faint blackish
line.

Sooloo Sea.

8. Lerostraca Bivitrata (pl. clxx. f. 18,19), H. et A. Adame, .
Genera of Recent Mollusca. Kulima bilineata, Adams et Reeve,
Zool. Voy. Sam. p. 52. pl. 11. f. 24.

L. testa aciculata; anfractibus novem ad decem, plano-convexis ;
aperturd oblongd; labro superné inflexo ; pellucido-alba, vitrea,
lineis tenuibus, castaneis cingulata.

A light, transparent, glassy species, encircled with two delicate,
brown lines, of which the lower falls exactly im the place of the
sutures.

Sooloo Sea (from the stomach of an Hehinus).

9. Letosrraca recta (pl. clxx. f. 25), C. B. Adams (Eulima),
Shells of Panama, p. 199.

E. testé elongata, ovato-conicd, albidd, fascia und opaca, et
alterd diaphand infra-suturalibus ornatd, ad labrum et ad gradus
etatis fusco, exilé bimaculata, levi, nitente, striis nonnullis gradus
eetatis monstrantibus ; apice acutissimé ; spird recta, conicd; an-
fractibus undecim, subplanulatis, suturdé imconspicua; anfractu

805

ultimo elongato ; aperturd angulatd, supra acutissima ; labro acuto ;
columelld robusti, subrecta.

Shell chalcedonic white, with an opaque, and another less
opaque, spiral band at the upper part of the whorls, and with two
minute brown spots on the outer lip.

Panama. (Mus. Cuming.)

Genus OBELISCUS, Humphrey.

Animal as in Pyramidella.

Operculum horny, ovate; inner edge sinuated.

Shell subulate, turreted, many-whorled, smooth ; spire pointed,
nucleus sinistral; aperture semi-oval, entire and rounded ante-
riorly ; columella plicated; outer lip acute.

This genus differs from Pyramidella in the whorls being smooth
and not longitudinally plicate ; the shells, moreover, are subulate,
and of a porcellanous structure, and the columella is somewhat
straight.

1. Oxeriscus potaBratus (pl. clxxi. f. 1, 2, 3), Linneus
(Trochus), Gmel. p. 3585. no. 113. Helix dolabrata, Mw/7.
Verm. p. 121. no. 318. Bulimus dolabratus, Bry. Dict. no. 99.
Pyramidella terebellum, Encycl. pl. 452. f. 2. Pyramidella dola-
brata, Lam. ed. Desh. vol. iv. p. 55.

O. testé conico-turriti, perforata, levi, alba, lineis luteis cincta ;
columella recurva ; labro intus dentato et sulcato.

Turreted, umbilicated, smooth, white, encircled with yellowish
transverse bands; the whorls are more convex than in O. teredel-
lum, and the outer lip is strongly grooved internally.

West Indies. (Mus. Cuming.)

2. OBELISCUS TEREBELLUM (pl. clxxi. f. 5, 6), Miller (He-
lix), Verm. p. 123. no. 319. Bulimus terebellum, Brug. Dict.
no. 98. ‘Trochus dolabratus (var.), Gmel., p. 3586. Trochus
terebellum; Di/dw., Cat. no. 119.

O. testi conico-turrita, umbilicata, levi, alba, lineis rufis cincta ;
columella recurva ; labro intus levigato.

Turreted, subulate, smooth, white, with transverse, reddish-
brown zones, usually three on each whorl, and four on the last
whorl; aperture oval, entire in front; columella with three ante-
rior plaits.

West Indian Islands. (Mus. Cuming.)

806

3. OpeLiscus punoratus (pl. clxxi. f. 14, 27), Chemnitz
(Turbo), Conch. pl. 4. £1493, 1494. Plotia guttata, Link, teste
Méorch, Cat. Yold. Pyramidella maculosa, Lam. ed. Desh., vol. iv.
p- 56; Kien. Mon. Pyram. pl. 2. f.5. Pyram. punctata, Schudb.
et Wagn. Chem. Suppl. pl. 234. f. 4099 a 6.

O. testa turrito-subulata, longitudinaliter striata, albidd, macu-
hs punctisque rufis sparsim pictaé; anfractibus numerosis, ultimo
spira multo breviore.

Subulately turreted, smooth, greyish-white, with numerous
brown spots arranged in transverse rows, usually three in each
whorl, and five in the last; columella with three unequal plaits.

Pacific Ocean, Isle of France, ete. (Mus. Cuming.)

4, OBeLiscus ventRIcosus (pl. clxxi. f. 13, 15), Gudérin
(Pyramidella), Mag. de Zool. pl. 2; Quoy et Gaim. Voy. del Astrol.
tab. 2. p. 175. pl. 65. f. 8-7; Kien. Pyram. pl. 1. f. 1.

O. testi ovato-oblongd, levigati, albidd, rufo-variegata, flam-
mulis nigris pict’; spird acutissima; anfractibus numerosis, sub-
depressis ; columella triplicata.

Oval, turreted, smooth, slightly striated longitudinally; last
whorl ventricose, whitish, ornamented with longitudinal, undulated,
reddish-brown lines; aperture oval; columella with three anterior
plaits, the posterior the largest ; umbilicus small, with an internal
spiral fold.

Island of Vanikoro. (Mus. Cuming.)

5. OBELIscUS MONILIS (pl. clxxi. f. 12), A. Adams.

O. testd turrito-subulaté, longitudinaliter substriata, alba, ad
suturas fusco-maculosi; anfractibus planiusculis, fascié monili-
formi, transversi cinctis, anfractu ultimo rotundato; apertura
ovali, anticé angustatdé, subcanaliculaté; columella recta, plicis
tribus (suprema magna, transversd) instructa.

Much smaller and more slender than O. punctatus, with the |
whorls more numerous, and of a delicate pattern of colouring.

Dumaguete, Isle uf Negros; seven fathoms, coarse sand. JZ. C.
(Mus. Cuming.) .

6. Oseiscus crnctus (pl. clxxi. f. 10, 11), Reeve (Pyrami-
della), Pro. Zool. Soc. Dec. 1842; Conch. Syst. vol. 1. pl. 207.
f. 2 and 4.

O. testa conico-acuminata, alba; anfractibus levibus, zona oli-
vaceo-fusca, conspicua, in medio, cinctis ; aperturd oblongo-ovata ;
labro simplici, acuto.

807

A white, sharply-acuminated species, surrounded with a single,
clear, broad, olive-brown belt.

Philippines. (Mus. Cuming.)

7. Opetiscus eractiis (pl. clxxi. f. 4), Broceht (Pyrami-
della), Conch. Subapp. pl. 6. f.6 @ 6; Kien. Mon. Pyramid. pl. 2.
foi

O. test cylindrica, angusta, apice acutissimd, nitidd, albida ;
spird elongata ; anfractibus convexiusculis, frequentibus, sutura
sinplici, depress; apertura parva, oblonga.

A slender, subulate, shining species, with from four to six
whorls, the last divided in the middle by a transverse groove ;
columella nearly straight, with three plaits.

St. Just, Valterra, France. (Mus. Cuming.)

8. OpeEtiscus suxcatus (pl. clxxi. f. 34), 4. Addams.

O. testi turrito-subulaté, longitudinaliter striaté, albida, cine-
reo-nebulosi, et maculis rufis sparsim punctaté; anfractibus con-
vexiusculis, ultimo rotundato ; aperturé ovali, anticé canaliculata ;
columella arcuata, plicis tribus instructi.

I have used a manuscript name of Nuttall’s. The species re-
sembles O. punctatus, but the whorls are more ventricose, and the
style of colouring is very different.

Tahiti; coral sand. Mus. Cuming.

9. OpeEtiscus TuRRITUS (pl. clxxi. f. 17), 4.-Adams.

O. test subulato-turrita, longitudinaliter striata, fulvescente, ad
suturas alba; anfractibus planiusculis, frequentibus, ad suturas
crenulatis, suturis profundis, anfractu ultimo rotundato, sulco
transverso instructo; apertura ovali, anticé producté, subcanali-
culaté; columella recta, tortuosd, plicis tribus muniti.

In this species the whorls are very numerous, and white at the
sutures, which latter are crenulated, and the aperture is produced
in front.

Albrochos Island, North Australia; stones, low water. J. Z.
Dring. (Mus. Cuming.)

10. Oxetiscus TErgs (pl. clxxi. f. 31, 32), 4. Adams.

O. testi turrito-subulata, apice acuto, albidd ; anfractibus nume-
rosis, planulatis, lineolis fuscis transversis, et fasciis undulatis,
longitudinalibus, ornatis, suturis profundis, canaliculatis ; apertura
ovali, antice producté, subcanaliculaté ; columella tortuosi, plicis
tribus instructa.

808

An acuminated, white species, with a single fine line across eachi
whorl, and ornamented, besides, with numerous, longitudinal, un-
dulating streaks.

Island of Panay; on the shore. H. C. (Mus. Cuming.)

11. OBELIscUS TEREBELLOIDES (pl. clxxi. f. 18), 4. Adams.

O. turrito-subulata, gracili, subperforata, nitida, longitudinaliter
substriaté, albA; anfractibus planiusculis, lineis duabus, rufis cinc-
tis; apertura ovali, anticé producta, subcanaliculata; columella
recurva, tortuosa, biplicata.

Somewhat umbilicated, slender, smooth ; a more slender species
than O. terebellum, with two transverse spiral lines, and with the
columella biplicate.

Hab. P (Mus. Cuming.)

12. OBELIscUS TESSELLATUS (pl. clxxi. f. 16), 4. Adams.

O. testé turrito-subulati, nitidd, longitudinaliter substriata,
rufescenti; anfractibus convexiusculis, maculis quadratis, fuscis,
in seriebus tribus, transversis dispositis ; anfractu ultimo rotun-
dato; apertura ovali, anticé subcanaliculata ; columella subrecta,
plicis tribus instructa.

This is regarded by M. Kiener as a variety of O. punctatus, but
an examination of numerous individuals has convinced me that it
is a distinct species.

Island of Masbate; seven fathoms, sandy mud. H.C. (Mus.
Cuming.) ;

13. Opetiscus puLcHELLs (pl. clxxi. f. 20), 4. Adams.

O. testi turrito-subulata, subperforaté, apice acuto; albida,
fulvescenti, nitidd; anfractibus planis, cinctelld rufi, ad suturas,
ornatis, anfractu ultimo rotundato; apertura ovali; columella
recta, reflex, posticé uniplicata.

A subulate, elongated, elegant, polished species, yellowish-white,
differing chiefly from O. edegaus in the suture not being impressed,
and in the broad red band across the whorls.

Japan. (Mus. Cuming.)

14, OBELIscus ELEGANS (pl. clxxi. f. 19), A. Adams.

O. testa turrito-subulata, subperforata, apice acutissimo, longi-
tudinaliter et transversim striata; fulvi; anfractibus planis, lined
rufa, ad suturas, ornatis, suturis canaliculatis; columella posticé

et by A SEN A G A
uniplicata, anticé reflexd, dilatata.

A slender, fulvous, subulate species, which approaches some-

809

what to O. gracilis, but there is only one plait on the columella.
From O. pulchellus it is distinguished by the channelled sutures,
and by the coloured line across the whorls.

Singapore. Lieut. Taylor. (Mus. Cuming.)

15. Osxttscus acicutatus (pl. clxxi. f. 21), 4. Adams.

O. testa turrito-subulata, angustd, fulvescenti; anfractibus pla-
nis, frequentibus, longitudinaliter substriatis, suturis profundis,
anfractu ultimo rotundato; apertura ovali, anticé subproducta ;
columella anticé reflexd, posticé plicd valida instructa.

A slender, subulate species, of a red-brown colour, with the
aperture rather produced in front, and the columella anteriorly
reflexed and furnished with a single plait.

Cagayan, province of Misamis ; twenty-five fathoms, sandy mud.
H.C. (Mus. Cuming.)

16. OxeExiscus PusILLvs (pl. clxxi. f. 7), A. Adams.

O. test& conico-turrité, perforata, apice obtuso; alba, nitida ;
anfractibus planiusculis, suturis profundis, anfractu ultimo sub-
angulato ; apertura ovali, anticé subreflexd ; columella recta, plicis
duabus instructa.

A small, white, shining species, with the apex obtuse, the last
whorl somewhat angulated, and the columella with only two

laits.
7 Catanuan, province of Luzon; ten fathoms, sandy mud. ZH. C.
(Mus. Cuming.)

17. OBELIscus BALTEATUS (pl. clxxi. f. 25), A. Adams.

O. testi parvd, conico-turrita, perforata, albidd, nitida, fascia
rufa ornaté; anfractibus planiusculis, ultimo angulato; apertura
ovata, anticé producti, angustaté; columella anticé reflexd, bipli-
cata, plicd posticd valida; labro, in medio, angulato.

A small, umbilicated, shining, white species, with the whorls
ornamented with a rufous band, and with two plaits on the colu-
mella.

Cagayan, province of Misamis, Isle of Mindanao; twenty-five
fathoms, sandy mud. H.C. (Mus. Cuming.)

18. Opexiscus Fasticium (pl. clxxi. f. 8), 4. Adams.

O. testé conico-turrité, perforata, alba, nitidd, levissima; an-
fractibus planis, ultimo subangulato, subventricoso; apertura
ovali; columella recta, triplicata, plicis transversis; labro intus
lirato.

810

White, polished, shining, umbilicated, with the last whorl large
and rather angulated; in general appearance resembles 0. per-
Joratus, but the umbilicus is very narrow.

Loay, island of Bohol; sixteen fathoms, sandy mud. ZZ. C.
(Mus. Cuming.)

19. Opetiscus prrroratus (pl. clxxi. f. 9), 4. Adams.

O. testd conico-turrita, laté et profundé umbilicata, alba, nitida,
levissim’ ; anfractibus plantusculis, ultimo subangulato, lined
pallid& rufa transversd, in medio, ornatis; apertura subquadrata ;
columella recta, plicis tribus, transversis, instructa.

Very widely and deeply umbilicated, white, shining, orna-
mented with a transverse rufous band; aperture rather quadran-
gular ; columella with three transverse plaits.

St. John’s, West Indies; on the sands. Dr. Hornbeck. (Mus.
Cuming.)

20. OBELiscus BRUNNEUS (pl. clxxi. f. 35), 4. Adams.

O. testa turrito-subulata, nitid’, longitudinaliter substriata,
brunne’; anfractibus convexiusculis, frequentibus, ad suturas
crenulatis, anfractu ultimo rotundato ; aperturd ovali, antice effusd;
columella anticé reflex, dilatata, posticé plicd valida, producté in-
structa.

A handsome red-brown species, with rather convex whorls and
the sutures crenulated ; the whorls are very numerous, and there
is but a single plait on the columella.

Japan. Dr. Siebold. (Mus. Cuming.)
21. Osxgriscus scrruLus (pl. clxxi. f. 28), 4. Adams.

O. testé ovato-turrita, subperforata, albi; spird acuta; anfrac-
tibus convexiusculis, longitudinaliter et transversim striatis, fasciis
rufescentibus et maculis fuscis variegatis; apertura ovali, antice
producta, varice striato circa regionem umbilicalem instructa ; co-
lumellé recta, plicis tribus munita.

Species somewhat resembling O. ventricosus, but is smaller and
less ventricose, and the markings are also very different.

Island of Masbate; sandy mud, ten fathoms. H.C. (Mus.

Cuming.)
22. OpeLiscus styiinus (pl. clxxi. f. 28), 4. Adams.

O. testa turrita, subulato-cylindraced, apice acuto, acuminato ;
alba, nitida, s subpellucida, transversim striaté; anfractibus planis,
ultimo, sulco transverso angusto instructo ; apertura subquadrata,

sii

ovali, anticé everta, effusi; columella reflex4, anticé dilatata, pos-
ticé uniplicata.

A singular cylindrical species, with the upper part suddenly
acuminate, and with a wide, subquadrate aperture.

Gindulman, isle of Bohol; soft mud, eight fathoms. (Mus.
Cuming.)

23. OsBetiscus arrenvuatus (pl. clxxi. f. 22), A. Adams.

O. testé aciculato-turrité, subperforata, gracili, apice papilloso,
albida, nitida, transversim subtilissimé striaté; anfractibus planis,
suturis profundis ; aperturd ovali; labio anticé dilatato et reflexo,
posticé valdé uniplicato.

A small, whitish, slender shell, transversely finely striated, and
with a single strong plait on the columella.

Baclayon, isle of Bohol; under stones, low water. 77. C. (Mus.
Cuming.)

24. Operiscus Hastatus (pl. clxxi. f. 24), 4. Adams.

O. testa turrito-subulaté, nitida, longitudinaliter substriata,
carneoli, aut fulvescenti; anfractibus planis, ad suturas concinné
crenulatis, suturis profundis, anfractu ultimo angulato, sulco
transverso instructo; apertura ovali, anticé angustati, acuminata;
columella rectiuscula, triplicata.

A. beautiful pale-yellow or flesh-coloured species, with the
whorls crenated near the sutures.

St. Elena, West Columbia; sandy mud, six fathoms. //. C.
(Mus. Cuming.)

25. Opeiscus cLavucus (pl. clxxi. f. 33), 4. Adams.

O. test& turrito-cylindraced, subpupiformi, apice obtuso, longi-
tudinaliter substriata, pallidé fulva, aculis rufis sparsim ornata ;
anfractibus planulatis, supra suturas sulco transverso munitis,
anfractu ultimo angustato, producto; apertura elongate ovali, an-
ticé acuminata; columella plicis tribus, obliquis instructa.

A. singular pupiform species, with the apex very obtuse, and
the aperture elongated.

Acapulco; on the sands. Col. Moffatt. (Mus. Cuming.)

26. Osetiscus acuis (pl. elxxi. f. 30), 4. Adams.

O. testé acuculato-turrité, acuté, aurantiaci, glabra, mitida ;
anfractibus planis, numerosis, suturis profundis; apertura ob-
liqua, oblongo-ovali, anticé reflex; columella plicd valida, in me-
dio, instructa; Jabro intus lirato.

es rT
ov N

812

An orange-brown, subulate, polished shell, with the fore part
of the aperture everted, the columella with a smgle strong fold in
the middle, and the outer lip internally lirate.

Loay, island of Bohol, Philippines; hard clayey mud, sixty fa-
thoms. (Mus. Cuming.)

27. OBELISCUS ANNULATUS (pl. clxx1. f. 26), 4. Adams.

O. testd turrito-subulaté, albidi; anfractibus numerosis, planu-
latis, cingillis transversis, elevatis, subdistantibus ornatis, inter-
stitiis longitudinaliter striatis; apertura oblongé; columella pos-
ticé lamina spirali instructé; labro margine subcrenulato, intus
hrato.

A small species, with the whorls ringed with elevated, trans-
verse ridges, and with the intervals between them longitudinally
striated ; the fold on the columella is spiral and posterior.

Cagayan, province of Misamis, Mindanao; twenty-five fa-
thoms, sandy mud. H.C. (Mus. Cuming.)

28. OBELiscus sTRIATULUS (pl. clxxi. f. 29), A. Adams.

O. test turrito-subulata, albidé, subpellucida ; anfractibus octo,
convexiusculis, transversim striatis, suturis impressis; apertura
oblong’; columella posticé uniplicaté; labro acuto, intus lirato.

A white, thin, semipellucid shell, with the whorls transversely
striated, the sutures deep, the columella with a single plait, and
the outer lip lirate internally.

Feejee Islands. (Mus. Cuming.)

Genus PYRAMIDELLA, Lamarck.

Lingual membrane unarmed ; tentacles ear-like, folded longi-
tudinally, with the eyes sessile at their inner bases. Mantle en-
closed, with a rudimentary siphonal fold. Foot small.

Operculum horny, ovate, sinuated on the inner edge.

Shell turreted, many-whorled, longitudinally ribbed ; spire ele-
vated, nucleus sinistral; aperture obovate, somewhat produced
and channelled in front; columella curved, with three or four ob-
lique plaits ; outer lip simple, acute.

Syn. Pyramidellus, Montfort.

1. PyramipeLna auris-catt (pl. clxxu. f. 1, 2), Chemnitz
(Voluta), Conch. t. 11. p. 20. pl. 117. £1711, 1712. Voluta

spiralis, Wood. Pyram. plicata, Lam. ed. Desh. vol. iv. p. 55 ;
Kien. Mon. Pyram. pl. i. f. 4.

813

P. test ovato-oblong’, solidé, longitudinaliter plicata, alba,
punctis rufis seriatim cincta ; plicis levibus ; interstitiis transversé
striatis; ultimo anfractu spirA breviore, turgidulo.

Oval-elongate, solid, last whorl very large, with numerous pro-
minent, longitudinal plaits ; the interstices transversely finely stri-
ated; usually three rows of reddish-brown spots.

Island of Vanikoro. Philippines, ete. (Mus. Cuming.)

2. PyramMipeLta corruGata (pl. clxxu. f. 4), Lamarck,
Hist. An. s. vert. ed. Desh. vol. iv. p. 56; Kien. Mon. Pyram.
Pia: &.6.

P, testa elongato-turrita, gracili, longitudinaliter plicata, albé,
prope suturas punctis luteis varis picti; ultimo anfractu spird
multd breviore.

Elongated, white, with small, sparse, yellow spots; plaits on
the whorls, smooth, numerous, regular, with the itervals trans-
versely striated; columella with three plaits.

Isle of France. (Mus. Lam.)

3. PyraMIpELLa GLANS (pl. clxxu. f. 6, 7), Reeve, Pro.
Zool. Soc. 1842; Conch. Syst. vol. 11. pl. 207. f. 1.

P. testé cylindraceo-conicd, bicoloraté; anfractibus longitudi-
naliter striatis, inferné albis, superné olivaceo-vinidibus ; apertura
rotundato-ovali.

This is a small, obtuse species, of which the whorls are just
one-half white, and the other half dark olive-green.

Philippines. (Mus. Cuming.)

4, PyramiIpeLtta maentrica (pl. clxxu. f. 3), Adams et

Reeve, Zool. Voy. Samarang, Moll. p. 53. pl. 10. f. 1.

P. test’ pyramidali-conici, subcylindraced, spire suturis im-

py ’ y 9

pressis ; anfractibus quatuordecim, plano-convexis, superné cana-
iculatis, longitudinaliter crebriliratis, interstitus foveolatis, an-
liculatis, longitudinalit briliratis, interstitiis foveolatis,
fractu ultimo ecostato, promiscué foveolato; columella fortiter
triplicatd ; apertura anticé subemarginata ; albida, ferrugineo-fusco
2 I 5 ? P A te) 5) 2 te}
tincta et maculata.

The whorls are flattened and foveolate between the longitudinal
rib-like plicee, which are produced posteriorly into prominent no-
dules; the outline is more pyramidal than in P. auris-cati.

Shores of Borneo, China Seas. (Mus. Taylor.

E y

5. PyraMrpELia nopicrnera (pl. clxxu. f. 5), 4. Adams.
P. testa pyramidali-conicd, alba, maculis rufis, in seriebus

$14

transversis dispositis, ornati; anfractibus cirea decem, longitu-
dinaliter plicatis, plicis posticé nodosis, nodis subacutis, prominen-
tibus, interstitus foveolatis, anfractu ultimo corrugato-foveolato,
plicis evanidis; aperturé oblong; columella plicis tribus in-
structa, plicd posticd valida.

‘The whorls are encircled with a series of rather acute and pro-
minent nodules, formed by the hind portions of the longitudinal
plicee, which, in this species, are rather indistinct; the surface of
the shell is pitted in a peculiar manner, and the whorls are
adorned with rows of square brown spots, formimg three zones on
the last whorl.

Lab. P (Mus. Cuming.)

6. PyraMIpetta propinaua (pl. clxxu. f. 8), 4. Adams.

P. testi ovato-pyramidali; spird acuminaté, submucronata, al-
bid’, luteo-fusco variegatéi; anfractibus convexiusculis, longitu-
dinaliter plicatis, plicis prominentibus, distantibus, interstitiis
lineis transversis ornatis, anfractu ultimo dorso alveolato; aper-
turd semiovati, anticé producto, subcanaliculatdé; columella plicis
tribus instructi; labro anticé subdilatato.

Somewhat similar to P. auris-cati, but is more subulate, and
the longitudinal plicee are more prominent; it also resembles P.
corrugata, but that shell is represented more slender.

Reetea, Society Islands; on the reefs. (Mus. Cuming.)

7. PyRAMIDELLA MITRALIs (pl. clxxi. f. 9), 4. ddams.

P. testa elongato-pyramidali, albida, rufo-fusco variegata ; an-
fractibus octo, convexiusculis, longitudinaliter costatis, costis pro-
minentibus, subdistantibus, infers transversim rats: aper- -
turd obliqué, semiovati, anticé subcanaliculati; columella plicis
tribus, plicd postici, transversi, magna.

A mitriform species, variegated with rufous, and with prominent,
distant, longitudinal ribs, transversely striated in the interstices.

St. Estevan, North Ilocos, isle of Luzon; sand, low water.
H.C. (Mus. Cuming.)

8. PyramIpELLa varrecata (pl. clxxi. f. 10), 4. Adams.

P. test elongato-pyramidali, alba, rufo-fusco maculata et varie-
gata; anfractibus septem, planiusculis, longitudinaliter costatis,
costis parvis, subconfertis (interstitiis eequantibus), interstitus
concinneé clathratis; apertura semiovata, obliqué, anticé subcanali-
culata, columella triplicata ; labro extus incrassato.

The longitudinal plice are rather close together the interstices

SL5

are clathrated, and the shell is marked with large red-brown
blotches ; the outer lip is rather incrassated.
Island of Masbate, Philippines; seven fathoms, sandy mud.

H.C. (Mus. Cuming.)

9. PyraMIDELLA Nivipa (pl. clxxii. f. 11), 4. Adams.

P. testi ovato-pyramidali, albi, nitidd; anfractibus convexius-
culis, longitudinaliter costellatis, costellis angustis, rectis, subdis-
tantibus, levibus, interstitiis subcrenulatis, anfractu ultimo basi
producto; apertura obliqua, semiovaté, anticé subcanaliculata ;
columella plicis tribus instructaé, plicA antici duplicata.

A rather small, shining species, with narrow, straight ribs,
rather wide apart, and with the interstices crenulated; the last
whorl is produced at the base, and the anterior fold of the colu-
mella is double.

Philippines. (Mus. Cuming.)

10. PyraMIpELLA muETuLA (pl. clxxii. f. 12), 4. Adams, Pro.
Zool. Soc. 1851.

P. testa subulato-turrita, apice obtusiuscula, albidd ; anfractibus
decem, planulatis, longitudinaliter costatis, costis confertis, equan-
tibus, interstitiis lineis transversis, elevatis, ornatis; apertura
ovali, labio incrassato, in medio plicd unica instructo; labro mar-
gine subincrassato.

A small, elongated species, with the intervals between the ribs
cancellated.

Philippines, Gindulman, isle of Bohol; soft mud, eight fa-
thoms. (Mus. Cuming.)

11. Pyramipetra eracitts (pl. clxxi. f. 14, 15), 4. Adams.

P. test& parva, aciculato-turrité, albidad, nitidd, lined fusca, su-
pra suturas, ornata; anfractibus planis, longitudinaliter costatis,
costis rectis, distantibus, interstitiis levibus; apertura ovali, an-
ticé subcanaliculata, labio supra calloso, in medio, plicd valida in-
structo.

A small, slender, nearly acicular species, somewhat resembling
a T'urbonilla, but with all the generic characters of Pyramidella.

Loay, isle of Bohol, Philippines; hard clayey mud, sixty fa-
thoms. H.C. (Mus. Cuming.)

12. PyraMIpELLA suBuLata (pl. clxxii. f. 18), 4. Adams.

P. testa umbilicaté, subulato-pyramidali, vertice mucronato,
levigato, pellucido, albidd, subnitidd; anfractibus planulatis, lon-

S16

gitudinaliter costatis, costis levibus, subobliquis, crassis, interstitiis
levibus, in mediis, unipunctatis ; aperturd obliqué, semielliptica,
anticé productaé, subcanaliculaté et reflexd; columella, in medio,
plici valida instructa.

Remarkable for its subulate form, and styligerous spire formed
of transparent, nearly equal, nuclear volutions, the first of which
is placed as in Zwrbonilla.

Sorsogon, province of Albay, isle of Luzon; coarse sand, four
fathoms. H.C. (Mus. Cuming.)

13. Pyramipetia actis (pl. clxxu. f. 16, 17), A. Adams,
Pro. Zool. Soc. 1851, July.

P. testa subulata, alba, nitidi; anfractibus octo, planiusculis,
longitudinaliter plicatis, plicis equalibus, subconfertis, interstitiis
levibus; apertura semiovati, labio subincrassato, plicd unici mu-
nito; labro subdilatato.

This is a slender, subulate species, somewhat resembling a Jts-
soina, and differing from P. metula in the interstices between the
longitudinal ribs being smooth, and without elevated lines.

Philippines. (Mus. Cuming.)

Genus MONOPTYGMA, J. Lea.

Tongue unarmed ; proboscis retractile ; tentacles subulate, with
the eyes sessile at their upper bases; foot narrow, elongate.

Operculum horny, subspiral.

Shell elongated, imperforate, many-whorled, transversely stri-
ated ; aperture small, entire in front; columellar lip with a single
obscure winding plait ; outer lip simple, acute.

Syn. Menestho, Moller ; Pyramis, Brown ; Monotygma, Gray.

This genus was founded on a fossil species; it differs from
Odostomia in being subulate, and in the columella having an ob-
lique plait instead of a transverse tooth.

1. Monopryema srriata (pl. clxxu. f. 18), Gray.

M. test& turrito-subulata, solidd, olivaced; anfractibus planis,
transversim sulcatis, sulcis profundis, distantibus; apertura ob-
longa, intus alba.

Subulately turreted, solid, olivaceous; whorls flat, transversely
sulcate, grooves deep, wide apart ; aperture oblong, white within.

This species is a very thick and strong shell, with a somewhat

817

convex lateral outline, and strongly transversely grooved across
the flattened whorls.
Philippines. (Mus. Cuming.)

2. Monopryema Futva (pl. clxxu. f. 23), 4. Adams, Pro.
Zool. Soc. 1851.

M. test& turrito-subulati, graciliori, solidi, fulvA; anfractibus
planis, transversim suleatis, sulcis profundis, distantibus ; apertura
oblonga, intus fusca.

Turreted, subulate, slender, solid, fulvous; whorls flat, trans-
versely grooved, grooves deep, rather wide apart; aperture ob-
long, brown within.

This species is more slender than J/. striata, and of a different
colour; the transverse grooves are also much closer together, and
their edges are rounded ; the twist of the columella is not so dis-
tinct, and the aperture is brown internally.

Philippines. (Mus. Cuming.)

3. Monopryema GRANULATA (pl. clxxu. f. 19), A. Adams,
Pro. Zool. Soc. 1851.

M. testa ovato-turrité, alba, solidi; anfractibus planiusculis,
eradatis, longitudinaliter corrugato-plicatis, transversim sulcatis,
sulcis profundis, valdé distantibus, interstittis levibus ; apertura
oblong’ ; columella plicé subproducta.

Ovately turreted, white, solid; whorls rather flat, gradate, lon-
gitudinally corrugately plicate, transversely grooved, grooves deep,
very wide apart, interstices smooth; aperture oblong; columella
with the fold rather prominent.

This is a rather short and obtuse, white, solid species, very
strongly grooved transversely, and with the whorls longitudinally
corrugately plicated.

Philippines. (Mus. Cuming.)

4. Monopryema tava (pl. clxxu. f. 20), 4. Adams, Pro.
Zool. Soc. 1851.

M. testa turrito-subulata, albida, tenui, subpellucida ; anfracti-
bus planiusculis, longitudinaliter eleganter striatis, transversim
sulcatis, sulcis distantibus; apertura oblong’; columellé obliqua
et curvata.

Subulately turreted, whitish, thin, rather pellucid ; whorls flat-
tened, longitudinally striated, transversely grooved, grooves wide
apart ; aperture oblong, columella oblique, curved.

A very beautifully-sculptured species, dredged from ten fathoms,

818

at Bolinao, Philippines, by Mr. Cuming; the outline is subulate,
and the whorls are rather flattened and longitudinally striated.
(Mus. Cuming.)

5. Monovryema amana (pl. clxxu. f. 21), 4. Adams, Pro.
Zool. Soc. 1851.

M. testa ovato-acuminati, tenui, subpellucida, albida, longitu-
dinaliter substriata; anfractibus convexiusculis, transversim sul-
catis, sulcis valdé distantibus, interstitiis eleganter punctatis ;
apertura oblong, anticé dilataté ; columella recta.

Ovately acuminated, thin, rather pellucid, white, longitudinally
somewhat striated; whorls rather convex, transversely sulcated,
grooves very wide apart, interstices elegantly punctate ; aperture
oblong, anteriorly dilated ; columella straight.

This is a most exquisite species both in form and sculpture ;
the whorls are rounded and punctate-striate, and the shell is nearly
pellucid.

Bolinao, Philippines; ten fathoms. (Mus. Cuming.)

6. Monopryema casra (pl. clxxi. f. 22), 4. ddams, Pro.
Zool. Soc.

M. testa ovato-turritd, alba, tenui, semipellucidd; anfractibus
convexiusculis, transversim sulcatis, sulcis subconfertis, interstitis
pulcherrimé striatis; apertura oblongd, anticé product ; columella
obliqua, subtortuosa.

Ovately turreted, white, thin, semipellucid; whorls rather
rounded, transversely grooved, grooves rather close together,
interstices very beautifully striated; aperture oblong, anteriorly
produced ; columella oblique, somewhat tortuous.

This pure white, ovate form is from the China Seas, being col-
lected by the writer during the voyage of H.M.S. Samarang.
The whorls are grooved, with the interstices striated. (Mus.
Cuming.)

7. Monopryema speciosa (pl. elxxii. f. 24, 25), A. Adams,
Pro. Zool. Soc. 1851.

M. testa turrita, subulata, albida, tenui, semipellucidé ; anfrac-
tibus octo, convexiusculis ; suturd profunda, cingillis transversis
elevatis, interstitiis concinné cancellatis ornaté; apertura oblongo-
ovali, columella subrecté, superné plicd obliqua, subobsoleta, im-
structa.

Turreted, subulate, white, thin, semipellucid; whorls eight,
rather convex; suture deep, with transverse elevated ridges, with

819

the interstices cancellated ; aperture oblong-oval ; columella rather
straight, with an oblique, faint plait.

An elegant, semi-transparent species, resembling an elongated
Actaon, with the whorls encircled with elevated cingilli, and the
interstices cancellated.

Baclayon ; Philippines. (Mus. Cuming.)

8. Monopryema sprrava (pl. clxxi. f. 26, 27, 28), A. Adams,
Pro. Zool. Soc. 1851.

M. testa turrita, alba, epidermide fuse obtecti ; anfractibus octo,
planiusculis, gradatis ; suturd canaliculata ; plicis longitudinalibus,
angustis, confertis, et sulcis transversis decussatim ornat’; aper-
turd oblong’; labio plicd unic’ obliqua instructo.

Turreted, white, covered with a thin brownish epidermis ; whorls
white, gradate, suture channelled ; whorls with decussating longi-
tudinal plicee and transverse grooves ; aperture oblong; columella
with an oblique fold.

A. small turreted species, covered, in the living state, with a light
brown epidermis, and with the surface of the whorls regularly
and beautifully decussated with raised lines.

Camaguan, Philippines. (Mus. Cuming.)

9. Monopryema styiina (pl. clxxu. f. 29, 30), 4. ddams,
Pro. Zool. Soc. 1851.

M. test subulata, in medio incrassata, alba, subpellucida; an-
fractibus novem ad duodecim, planiusculis; transversim tenuiter
striata, longitudinaliter substriat&; apertura oblong’; labio su-
perné plicé obliqua instructo ; labro, in medio, subrecto.

A remarkable white, subulate species, with the middle whorls,
especially those near the apex, enlarged.

Catanuan; Philippines. (Mus. Cuming.)

10. Monortyema suturatis (pl. clxxii. f. 31, 32), 4. Adams,
Pro. Zool. Soc. 1851.

M. testa subulato-turrita, subumbilicata, alba, mitida, subdia-
phand ; anfractibus septem, planis, suturd canaliculata, (ransversim
sulcatis ; anfractu ultimo subsoluto, fasciis angustis, albo-articu-
latis, ornato; apertura oblongo-ovali; labio plici evanida.

A small, white species, with the last whorl nearly free, and
having the suture deeply canaliculate.

Philippine Islands. (Mus. Cuming.)

11. Monopryema concinna (pl. clxxi. f. 34), d. Adams.

M. testa ovato-turrité; spird producti, obtusiuscula, grisea ;
5 0

820

(

anfractibus sex, planiusculis, transversim sulcatis, interstitiis (sub
lente) crenulatis; aperturd oblongi; columella uniplicati, subin-
crassati, plici obliqui, subobsoleté ; labro margine crenulato, in-
tus lrato.

Ovate, turreted, grey ; spire produced, rather obtuse ; whorls
six, rather flattened, transversely grooved, interstices (under the
lens) crenulated ; aperture oblong; columella with a single, some-
what obsolete, oblique plait ; outer lip internally lirate.

Moreton Bay. (Mus. Cuming.)

12. Monorryema pura (pl. elxxu. f. 33), 4. Adams.

M. testé ovato-turritd, solidiuscula, alb’; anfractibus convexi-
2 o) 2
usculis, transversim sulcatis, liris intermediis levibus, interstitiis
longitudinaliter concinné striatis; apertura oblongi; columella
plicé subobliquaé, medio instructa.
Ovate-turreted, rather solid, white; whorls somewhat convex
3 I ) 3)
transversely grooved, the intermediate lire smooth, the grooves
longitudinally striated; aperture oblong; columella with a single
median, oblique plait.

New Zealand. (Mus. Cuming.)

LIST OF FIGURES IN PLATES CLXIX. TO CLXXII.

(The Figure after each Name refers to the number of the Species.)

Puate CLXIX. Fig.
EULIMA. 16. H. pyramidalis, A. Ad Ml,
Vig. 17. — nitida, Lam. 28.
1. E. polita, Linn. 1. 18. — nitidula, 4. Ad. 12.
2. — lactea, 4. Ad. 25. 19. — iota, C. B. Ad. 22.
3, 4. — major, Sowd. 3. 20, — nitida, Lam. 28.
5. — Martini, 4. Ad. 8. 21. — pusilla, Sowd. 7.
6. — distorta, Desh. 2. 22. — flexuosa, 4. dd. 13.
7, 8. — hastata, Sows. 4. 23. — teinostoma, 4. dd. 14.
9, 10. — pusilla, Sowd. 7. 24. — grandis, 4. dd. 19.
11, 12. — subangulata, Sowd. 6. 25. — porcellana, 4. 4d. 18.

13. — solidula, 4d. et Rve. 9. 26. — Cumingii, 4. dd. 21.
14. — tortuosa, Ad. et Rve. 10.)27, 28. — modicella, 4. Ad. 20.
15. — articulata, Sowd. 5. 29,30. — acuta, 4. Ad. 17.

821

Fig. Fig.
31. E. labiosa, Sowd. 26. 10,11. O. cinctus, Reeve, 6.
32. — brevis, Sow. 27. 12. — monilis, 4. Ad. 5.
33. — cuspidata, 4. dd. 16. 13. — ventricosus, Gmel. 4.
34. — obesula, 4. dd. 15. 14, — punctatus, Chem. 3.
35. — vitrea, 4. Ad. 23. 15. — ventricosus, Gel. 4.
36. — polygyra, 4. dd. 24. 16. — tessellatus, 4. dd. 12.
17. — turritus, 4. Ad. 9.
Pirate CLXX. 18. — terebelloides, 4. Ad. 11.
NISO. 19. — elegans, 4. dd. 14.
1. N. goniostoma, 4. Ad. 6. 20. — pulchellus, A, Ad. 13.
Deena Miah oF 21. — aciculatus, 4. dd. 15.
ee prince oo: 22, — attenuatus, A. Ad. 23.
Meee = caadidula4e4ae: 23. — scitulus, 4. dd. 21.
6, 7. — terebellum, Chem. 1. oe — hastatus, 4. dd. 24.
8. — splendidula, Sowd. 1. 25. — balteatus, 4. dd. i
9. — interrupta, Sows. 3. 26. — annulatus, ae Ad, 27.
10, — imbricata, Soi. 8. 27. — punctatus, Chem. 3.
28. — stylinus, 4. 4d. 22.
LEIOSTRACA. 29, — striatulus, 4. dd. 28.
ll. L. acuta, Sowd. 3. 30. — aclis, 4. dd. 26.

12, 13. — Metealfei, 4..4d.1. [3 . 3%. — teres, 4. dd. 10.
14. — Mindorensis, 4. ef R. 5.) 33- — clavulus, 4. dd. 25.
15, 16. — subulata, Don. 2. 34. — sulcatus, 4. dd. 8.
17. — unilineata, 4d. ef Rve.7.| 35. — brunneus, 4. dd. 20.
18, 19. — bivittata, Wet A. dd.8,) 36. — aciculatus, 4. dd. 15.
20 ?-22.—bilineata, Ald. 4.

23, 24. — varians, Sowd. 6. Puate CLXXIL.
25. — recta, C. B. Ad. 2. PYRAMIDELLA.
Pram CLXXL 2 ie auris-cati, Chem. 1.
3. — magnifica, dd. et Rve. 4.
STILT ISLOUSES: 4, — corrugata, Lam. 2.
1-3. O. dolabratus, Zinn. 1. 5. — nodicineta, 4. Ad. 5.
4. — gracilis, Broce. 7. 6, 7. — glans, Reeve, 3.
5, 6. — terebellum, AZi/. 8. — propinqua, 4. dd. 6.
7. — pusillus, 4. dd. 16. 9. — mitralis, 4. Ad. 7.
8. — fastigium, 4. dd. 18. 10. — variegata, 4, Ad. 8.

9. — perforatus, 4. dd, 19. 11. — nitida, 4. Ad. 9.

Fig. Fig.
12. P. metula, 4. dd. 10. 21. M.ameena, 4. Ad. 5.
13. — subulata, 4. Ad. 12. 22. — casta, 4. Ad. 6.
14, 15. — gracilis, 4. dd. 11. 23. — fulva, 4. Ad. 2.
16,17. — aclis, 4. Ad. 13. 24, 25. — speciosa, 4. dd. 7.
26-28. — spirata, 4. dd. 8.
OT 29, 30. — stylina, 4. dd. 9.
18. M. striata, Gray, 1. 31, 32. — suturalis, 4. dd. 10.
19. — granulosa, 4. dd. 3. 33. — pura, 4. dd. 12.
20. — lauta, 4. Ad. 4. 34. — concinna, 4. dd. 11.

ALPHABETICAL LIST OF SPECIES OF THE GENERA
EULIMA, NISO, LEIOSTRACA, OBELISCUS, PYRAMIT-
DELLA, AND MONOPTYGMA.

aciculatus, 4. ddams, Obl. 15. pl. 171. f. 21.
aclis, 4. Addams, Obl. 26. pl. 171. f. 30.

aclis, 4. Adams, Pyr. 13. pl. 172. f. 16, 17.
acuta, 4. Adams, Kul. 17. pl. 169. f. 29, 30.
acuta, Sowd., Lsty. 3. pl. 170. f. 25.

albus, Kul. polita, 1.

ameena, 4. 4dams, Mon. 5. pl. 172. f. 21.
Anglica, Hu. polita, 1.

annulatus, 4. ddams, Obl. 27. pl. 171. f. 26.
articulata, Sowd., Hul. 5. pl. 169. f. 15.
attenuatus, 4. Adams, Obl. 23. pl. 171. f. 22.
auris-cati, Chem., Pyr. 1. pl. 172. f. 1, 2.
balteatus, 4. ddams, Obl. 17. pl. 171. f. 25.
bilineata, Alder, Lstr. 4. pl. 170. f. 20? 21, 22.
bivittata, H. e¢ A. Adams, Lstr. 8. pl. 170. f. 18, 19.
Boscit, Hul. polita, 1.

brevis, Sows., Kul. 27. pl. 169. f. 32.

823

brunnea, Sowd., Niso 5. pl. 170. f. 3.
brunneus, 4. Adams, Obl. 20. pl. 171. f. 35.
Cambessedesii, Lstr. subulata, 2.

candidula, 4. Adams, Niso 7, pl. 170. f. 4, 5.
casta, 4. ddams, Mon. 6. pl. 172. f. 22.
clavulus, 4. ddams, Obl. 25. pl. 171. f. 33.
cinctus, Reeve, Obl. 6. pl. 171. f. 10, 11.
concinna, 4. ddams, Mon. 11. pl. 172. f. 34.
corrugata, Lamk., Pyr. 2. pl. 172. f. 4.
Cumingi, 4. 4ddams, Bul. 21. pl. 169. f. 26.
euspidata, 4. Adams, Bul. 16. pl. 169. f. 33.
distorta, Desh., Eul. 2. pl. 169. f. 6.
dolabratus, Linn., Obl. 1. pl. 171. f. 1, 2, 3.
Donovani, Lstr. subulata, 2.

elegans, 4. ddams, Obl. 14. pl. 171. f. 19.
fastigium, 4. ddams, Obl. 18. pl. 171. f. 8.
flavocincta, Lstr. subulata, 2.

flexuosa, 4. ddams, Kul. 13. pl. 169. f. 22.
fulva, 4. Adams, Mon. 2. pl. 172. £. 28. °
glans, Reeve, Pyr. 3. pl. 172. f. 6, 7.

glaber, Lstr. subulata, 2.

goniostoma, 4. Adams, Niso 6. pl. 170. f. 1.
gracilis, Brocchi, Obl. 7. pl. 171. f. 4.
gracilis, 4. ddams, Pyr. 11. pl. 172. f. 14, 15.
grandis, 4. Addams, Kul. 19. pl. 169. f. 24.
granulata, 4. Adams, Mon. 3. pl. 172. f. 19.
guttata, Obl. punctatus, 3.

hastata, Sowd., Kul. 4. pl. 169. f. 7, 8.
hastatus, 4. Addams, Obl. 24. pl. 171. f. 24.
imbricata, Sowd., Niso 8. pl. 170. f. 10.
interrupta, Sowd., Niso 3. pl. 170. f. 9.

iota, C. B. Adams, Bul. 22. pl. 169. f. 19.
Jamaicensis, Kul. pusilla, 7.

labiosa, Sowd., Kul. 26. pl. 169. f. 31.
lactea, 4. Adams, Bul. 25. pl. 169, f. 2.
lauta, 4. Adams, Mon. 4. pl. 172. f. 20.
lineata, Lsty. subulata, 2.

maculosa, Obl. punctata, 3.

B24

major, Sowb., Kul. 3. pl. 169. f. 3, 4.
marmorata, Sowd., Niso 2. pl. 170. f. 2.
Martinii, 4. ddams, Eul. 8. pl. 169. f. 5.
magnifica, ddams et Reeve, Pyr. 4. pl. 172. f. 3.
Metcalfei, 4. Adams, Lstr. 1. pl. 170. f. 12, 18.
metula, 4. Adams, Pyr. 10. pl. 172. f. 12.
Mindorensis, Adams et Reeve, Lstr. 5. pl. 170. f. 14.
mitralis, 4. ddams, Pyr. 7. pl. 172. f. 9.
modicella, 4. ddams, Kul. 20. pl. 169. f. 27, 28.
monilis, 4. ddams, Obl. 5. pl. 171. f. 12.
nitida, Lamk., Kul. 28. pl. 169. f. 17, 20.
nitida, 4. Adams, Pyr. 9. pl. 172. f. 11.
nitidula, 4. ddams, Kul. 12. pl. 169. f. 18.
nodicincta, A. Adams, Pyr. 5. pl. 172. f. 5.
obesula, A. Adams, Kul. 15. pl. 169. f. 34.
perforatus, A. Adams, Obl. 19. pl. 171. f. 9.
polita, Linn., Kul. 1. pl. 169. f. 1.

plicata, Pyr. auris-cati, 1.

polygyra, A. Adams, Kul. 24. pl. 169. f. 36.
porcellana, A. Adams, Bul. 18. pl. 169. f. 25.
propinqua, A. Adams, Pyr. 6. pl. 172. f. 8.
pulchellus, A. Adams, Obl. 13. pl. 171. f. 20.
punctatus, Chemn., Obl. 3. pl. 171. f. 14, 27.
pura, 4. Adams, Mon. 12. pl. 172. f 33.
pusilla, Sowd., Kul. 7. pl. 169. f. 9, 10, 21.
pusillus, 4. Adams, Obl. 16. pl. 171. f. 7.
pyramidalis, 4. Adams, Bul. 11. pl. 169. f. 16.
recta, C. B. Adams, Lstr. 9. pl. 170. f. 25.
scitulus, A. Adams, Obl. 21. pl. 171. f. 23.
solidula, Adams et Reeve, Kul. 9. pl. 159. f. 13.
speciosa, 4. Adams, Mon. 7. pl. 172. f. 24, 25.
spiralis, Pyr. auris-cati, 1.

spirata, 4. Adams, Mon. 8. pl. 172. f. 26, 27, 28.
splendidula, Sowd., Niso 4. pl. 170. f. 8.
striata, Gray, Mon. 1. pl. 172. f. 18.
strombiformis, Kul. polita, 1.

striatalus, A. Adams, Obl. 28. pl. 171. f. 29.
strombiformis, Lstr. subulata, 2.

825

stylina, 4. Adams, Mon. 9. pl. 172. f. 29, 30.
stylinus, A. Adams, Obl. 22. pl. 171. f. 28.
subangulata, Sowd., Kul. 6. pl. 169. f. 11, 12.
subulata, Donov., Lstr. 2. pl. 17. f. 15, 16.
subulata, A. Adams, Pyr. 12. pl. 172. f. 6.
sulcatus, A. Adams, Obl. 8. pl. 171. f. 34.
suturalis, 4. Adams, Mon. 10. pl. 172. f. 31, 32.
teinostoma, 4. ddams, Wul. 14, pl. 169. f. 23.
terebellata, Niso terebellum, 1.

terebellum, Chemn., Niso 1. pl. 170. f. 6, 7.
terebellum, Mil. Obl. 2. pl. 171. f. 5, 6.
terebelloides, 4. Adams, Obl. 11. pl. 171. f. 18.
teres, 4. Adams, Obl. 10. pl. 171. f. 31, 32.
tessellatus, 4. Addams, Obl. 12. pl. 171. f. 16.
tortuosa, Adams et Reeve, Kul. 10. pl. 169. f. 14.
trifasciatus, Lstr. subulata, 2.

turritus, 4. Adams, Obl. 9. pl. 171. f. 17.
unilineata, Adams et Reeve, Lstr. 7. pl. 170. f. 17.
varians, Sowd., Lstr. 6. pl. 170. f. 23, 24.
variegata, 4. Adams, Pyr. 8. pl. 172. f. 10.
ventricosus, Guerin, Obl. 4. pl. 171, f. 13, 15.
vitrea, 4. Adams, Kul. 23. pl. 169. f. 35.

827

MONOGRAPH

STOMATELLINA,

A SUB-FAMILY OF TROCHIDA.

By ARTHUR ADAMS, F.L.S., Surezron R.N., prc.

‘STOMATELLIN A.

Head broad, proboscidiform ; tentacles subulate, with a fimbri-
ated lobe at their inner bases; eyes on peduncles at the outer
bases of the tentacles; mantle with the front edge entire; muscle
of attachment crescentic, open in front; foot with a fringed, la-
teral membrane.

Operculum none, or rudimentary.

Shell more or less ear-shaped, imperforate ; aperture very wide,
pearly within, and with a crescentic muscular impression, inter-
rupted in the region of the head.

The shells described in this monograph constitute a very natural
section of the Zrochide, which family may be divided into three
sub-families, or Twrbinine, in which the operculum is shelly ;
Trochina, where it is horny; and Stomatelline, in which it is
absent or rudimentary. The Stomatelline differ from the Halio-
tide, with which they are sometimes confounded, in the mantle
not being fissured anteriorly, in the muscle of attachment being
in the form of a horse-shoe round the sides and hind part of the
mantle, instead of being ovate and central, and in the shell not
being furnished with a series of holes.

In their habits these Molluscs are littoral, living on coral-reefs
and among stones between tide-marks; the finest species prefer
coral reefs exposed to the action of the waves. Some of the
genera, as Gena and Stomatia, have considerable locomotive
powers, and glide (especially Genz) with some degree of celerity.

heap

828

The latter genus and Stomatia possess the faculty, common to
some other kinds of Mollusca, of spontaneously detaching a con-
siderable portion of the hind part of the foot, when disturbed or
irritated.

Very possibly the genus Anatomus of Montfort, or the Sczssu-
rella of D’Orbigny, although the operculum is said to be present,
may likewise belong to this sub-family of Zrochide.

Genus GHNA, Gray.

Animal subspiral, oval, depressed, too large to retract entirely
within the shell; frontal lobes plumose; foot very large, thick,
fleshy, tubercular, posteriorly greatly produced, lateral membrane
not fimbriated, more or less extended, and covering the sides of
the shell.

Operculum none.

Shell subspiral, oblong, ear-shaped, depressed, smooth or stri-
ated; spire flattened, nearly obsolete; aperture large, pearly
within.

1. Gena Lure (pl. clxxii. f. 4, 5), Linnaeus (Patella), Syst.
Nat. ed. 10. p. 783. Stomatella auricula, Zam. Encyel. pl. 450.
fia o,

G. testi haliotoided, ovaté, oblong’, dorso convexé, levigati,
luteo-rosed, fusco-lineaté ; spird laterali, subprominula ; labro sinu
arcuato.

Shell haliotoid, ovate-oblong, convex on the back, smooth, yel-
lowish-rosy, with fuscous lines; spire lateral, rather prominent ;
outer lip arcuated, sinuous.

Hastern Seas, Celebes, ete. (Mus. Cuming.)

2. Guna varia (pl. clxxii. f. 6, 7, 8), 4. ddams, Pro. Zool.
Soc. Feb. 1850.

G. testa haliotoided, ovato-oblong4, polité, dorso equaliter con-
vexd, latere sinistro striaté, luteo, rubro alboque variegata ; spira
prominula, erecti, acuminata.

A pretty little species, usually confounded with G. Zutea, but
easily distinguished when its profile is examined; the dorsum is
equally convex and polished, and the spire is rather prominent,
erect, and acuminated.

Calapan, island of Mindoro; Acapulco; on the sands. Cod.
Moffatt. (Mus. Cuming.)

829

3. GENA PLANULATA (pl. clxxil. f. 1, 2, 3), Lamarck (Sto-
matella), Hist. ed. Desh. vol. iv. p. 17.

G. testi haliotoided, oblonga, planulaté, dorso convexo-depressa,
tenuiter striata, virente, fusco-maculaté; spird minima, ad latus
decumbente.

Shell haliotoid, oblong, flattened, convexly depressed on the
back, finely striated, greenish, spotted with fuscous; spire small,
laterally inclined.

Island of Camaguin; under smooth Sue, low water. (Mus.
Cuming.)

4, Guna nicra (pl. clxxii. f. 14, 15, 16), Quoy et Gaimard
(Stomatella), Voy. de l’Astrol. tab. 17. f. 154, 155.

G. testi elongato-ovali, convexd, levi, nigri, margine dextro
longitrorsum striata, mtus violaceo fulgente; spird minima, sub-
terminali; apertura ovali-integra.

Shell elougately oval, convex, smooth, black, with the right
margin longitudinally striated, within brilliant violet; spire very
small, subterminal ; aperture ovate, entire.

Tonga Tabou, Sandwich Islands. (Mus. Cuming.)

5. Gena pLumBea (pl. clxxin. f. 13), 4. Adams, Pro. Zool.
Soc. Feb. 1850.

G. testa haliotoided, ovato-oblonga, dorso ad latus dextrum gib-
bosd, ad sinistrum planulaté, plumbed, decussatim tota striata; spira
prominulé; anfractibus rotundatis, ultimo ad suturam gibboso ;
apertura posticé subcanaliculatd ; labro, in medio, flexuoso.

Decussately striated, lead-coloured, the right side of the back
gibbous, the left flattened ; outer lip flexuous in the middle.

Java. (Mus. Cuming. )

6. Gena srriatuLa (pl. clxxi. f. 9, 10), 4. Adams, Pro.
Zool. Soc. Feb. 1850.

G. testd haliotoided, ovato-oblonga, dorso planiuscula, tota stri-
ati, striis profundis, subdistantibus, rubri, flaveolo aurantiaco
fuscoque varié pict; spiri prominuld, nonnunquam subdistorta ;
labro valdé flexuoso.

Flat on the back, entirely striated, the strie deep and rather
wide apart; red, varied with orange, yellow, and brown; spire
prominent, sometimes rather contorted; outer lip strongly flexu-
ous.

Calapan, island of Mindoro; on small stones, nine fathoms.
Australia. veut. Preston. (Mus. Cuming.)

830

7. Gena stricosa (pl. clxxi. f. 11, 12), 4. Adams, Pro.
Zool. Soc. Feb. 1850.

G. testi haliotoided, ovato-oblong’, dorso subplanata, tot stri-
ati, stris irregularibus, subconfertis, olivaced, lilaceo alboque varia,
fasciis subfuscis, pallidis alternantibus, longitudinaliter ornata ;
labro haud sinuoso.

Dorsum flat; surface entirely striated, olivaceous-lilac, variegated
with white, and with alternating pale and fuscous stripes.

Hab. P (Mus. Cuming.)

8. GENA NEBULOSA (pl. clxxni. f. 23), 4. Adams, Pro. Zool.
Soc. Feb. 1850.

G. testé haliotoided, ovato-oblonga, dorso tota striatd, alba, rufo-
fusco nebulosd; spiri prominula, anfractibus angulatis; apertura
elongata, ovali; columellé callo crasso rimam umbilicalem obte-
gente.

Striated, white, clouded with reddish-brown; spire prominent ;
whorls angulated; columella with a thick callus covering the um-
bilical fissure.

Australia. (Mus. Cuming.)

9. Gena tintricuta (pl. clxxii. f. 22), 4. Adams, Pro. Zool.
Soc. Feb. 1850.

G. testa haliotoided, oblong’, dorso convexd, toté tenuissimé
striata, tenui, fragili, carneolé, rubro maculata; spira subtermi-
nali, minima, ad latus decumbente; apertura aperta, valdé elon-
gata.

Shell thin, brittle, striated, flesh-coloured, spotted with red ;
apex subterminal, small, laterally inclined; aperture greatly elon-
gated.

Calapan, island of Mindoro; on smooth stones, nine fathoms.
(Mus. Cuming.)

10. Gena trnzata (pl. clxxii. f. 26, 27), 4. Adams, Pro.
Zool. Soc. Feb. 1850.

G. testé subturbinaced, solida, levi, polita, convexd, ovali, car-
neola, lineis rubris longitudinalibus ornaté; spira prominula, an-
fractibus rotundatis ; apertura subrotundaté; columella planulata,
callosi; labro simplici.

Solid, polished, convex, pink, with longitudinal red lines ; spire
prominent, whorls rounded; aperture subcircular; columella
callous, rather flattened.

Hab. P (Mus. Cuming.)

831

11. Gena concinna (pl. clxxun. f. 20, 21), Gould (Stoma-
tella), Exp. Shells.

G. testa tenui, auriformi, subventricosa, carned, lineis rubris trans-
versis, obliquis (seepe interruptis) ornatd ; spira obtusa, brevissima ;
anfractu ultimo inflato; aperturé ampla, transversim ovata ; colu-
mella acuta, perobliqua.

A small, rather thin species, prettily painted with oblique, trans-
verse red lines, which are often interrupted.

Sandy Island. (Mus. Cuming.)

12. Guna PULCHELLA (pl. clxxui. f. 17, 18, 12), 4. Adams,
Pro. Zool. Soc. Feb. 1850.

G. testé convexo-depressi, ovali, alba, rufo maculatd, dorso
convexi, totd striati; spirdé prominuli, anfractibus rotundatis ;
apertura magna, ovali, intis margaritaced, iridescente.

Shell white, spotted with red, convex and striated; spire pro-
minent, with rounded whorls; aperture iridescent internally.

Hab. P (Mus. Metcalfe.)

13. Gena aspEruata (pl. clxxii. f. 28, 29), A. Adams, Pro.
Zool. Soc. Feb. 1850.

G. testa haliotoidea, dorso convex; rufo-fusca, cingulé alba, lata,
longitudinali, ornaté; lineis elevatis, subconfertis, striisque longi-
tudinalibus, obliquis, decussata ; spird posticA subprominula, alba ;
apertura elongata, ovall.

Convex, rufo-fuscous, with a wide, white zone, and with decus-
sated, elevated, close-set striz; spire rather prominent, postical,
white.

Hab. P (Mus. Metcalfe.)

14. Gena ornata (pl. clxxin. f. 24, 25), A. Adams, Pro.
Zool. Soc. Feb. 1850.

G. testa subturbinacea, ovali, levi, polita, dorso convex, fusco-
rubra, lineis nigris, albo-articulatis, longitudinalibus ornata; spird
prominula, roseA; apertura ovali; columella arcuata, simplici ;
labro reflexo, posticé subflexuoso.

Smooth, polished, convex, reddish-brown, with longitudinal
black lines, articulated with white; spire rather prominent; outer
lip reflexed posteriorly, subflexuous.

Island of Ticao, Philippines; on the reefs. (Mus. Cuming.)

832

Genus BRODERIPTA, Gray.

Animal unknown.
Operculum ;
Shell ancyliform, non-spiral, oblong-ovate, flattened ; apex pos-

terior, involute ; aperture very large, ovate, perlaceous internally.
Syn. Scutella (pars), Broderip.

1. Bropertpra rRipEscens (pl. clxxiii. f. 32, 33), Broderip
(Scutella), Pro. Zool. Soc. June, 1834.

B. testa oblongo-ovaté, complanaté, minutissimé substriata,
albo et roseo guttatim tessellaté ; intis iridescente, margine in-
terno albo, roseo maculato.

This species is the most depressed and fragile of the three, and
is very prettily tessellated with white and pink.

Grimwood’s Island, Pacific Ocean. (Mus. Cuming.)

2. Broppriria rosea (pl. clxxii. f. 84, 35), Broderip (Scu-
tella), Pro. Zool. Soc. June, 1834.

B. testi subconicé, striata, alba, lincis flammulisque roseis or-
natd; intts nitente, interduin subiridescente.

This species is of a more conical form than the others, and the
interior of the aperture is not so vividly iridescent.

Grimwood’s Island, Pacific Ocean. (Mus. Cuming.)

3. Broperipra Cuminer (pl. clxxiii. f. 30, 31), 4. Adams,
Pro. Zool. Soc. Feb. 1850.

B. test&é ovata, depresso-convexi, subpellucida, pallida, radius
rubris picta, concentricé corrugato-striata, striis granulosis, vertice
postico excentrico-submarginali ; aperturd patuld, intus margari-
taced, margine albo limbo maculis rufis picto; margine columellari
acuté angulato, prominente, posticé subrecto.

Granulated on the upper surface ; the columellar margin is also
prominent and angulated.

Capul, Philippines. (Mus. Cuming.)

Genus STOMATELLA, Lamarck.

Animal spiral, retractile within the shell; frontal lobes trian-
gular, with the front edge fringed ; foot operculigerous, small, flat,

833

not fleshy and tubercular, or produced posteriorly ; lateral mem-
brane very wide, the circumference regularly fimbriated.

Operculum orbicular, thin, horny, multispiral.

Shell spiral, suborbicular, depressed, transversely ribbed or sul-
ciferous ; spire more or less elevated, whorls rounded ; aperture
large, wider than long, pearly within.

Some of the species approach very nearly in character the genus
Luchelus of Philippi, in the sub-family Zroching. Until the animals
of all the species are known, they must of necessity be grouped
artificially by a consideration of their shells, which, as a general
rule, are transversely ribbed or grooved. The presence of an
operculum is also a useful guide in distinguishing the genera,
being already known in S. cancellata, 8. sulcifera, and S. macu-
lata. The species of Huchelus may be known from the shells of
Stomatella 1 the outer lip being double at the margin, and in
the inner lip being furnished with a tooth.

[The Author, having examined, in company with the Editor, all
the species, with a view to separate, by some definite rule, the
Stomatelle from the Stomatia, could find no character in the
shell so suitable for that purpose as the wrinkling of the last
whorl at the suture in Stomatie. All the Stomatella, known as
such by the presence of an operculum or a retractile animal, are
without the wrinkling, while the species known as Stomatiz have
it. We have therefore adopted this as a (perhaps artificial) sign
in arranging with either genus the species whose animals are
unknown. |

1. SromaTeLta mmsricata (pl. clxxiv. f.1), Lamarck, Encyel.
pl. 450, f. 2 a6; Hist. ed. Desh. vol. iv. p. 16.

S. testd suborbiculari, convexo-depressi, scabriuscula, grisea ;
sulcis transversis, confertis, imbricato-squamosis ; spiri subpromi-
nula.

Shell suborbicular, convexo-depressed, rugose, griseous, with
transverse, imbricato-squamous, close-set grooves; spire rather
prominent.

Torres Straits. Jukes. (Mus. Cuming.)

2. STOMATELLA SULCIFERA (pl. clxxiv. f. 3), Lamarck, Hist.
ed. Desh. vol. ix. p. 16.

S. test& suborbiculaté, convexd, tenui, transversim sulcata, lon-
gitudinaliter tenuissimé striata, griseo-rubente, sulcis scabrius-
culis; spud prominula.

Shell suborbiculate, convex, thin, transversely sulcate. longitu-

834

dinally very finely striated, greyish-red, sulci rugose ; spire slightly
prominent.

Philippines ; Catbalonga, island of Samaar, under stones ; island
of Ticao, on the reefs, low water. (Mus. Cuming.)

3. Stomaretta Cuminett (pl. clxxv. f. 38), 4. Adams.

S. testé auriformi, imperforaté ; spird’ depress’; albida, lutes-
centi, candescenti, transversim spiraliter costaté, costis elevatis,
subsequalibus, asperis, rufo-fusco articulatis, interstitiis lamellis
subimbricatis, tenuibus, longitudinalibus ornatis; apertura patula,
intus sulcosi; labio sub-reflexo.

This is a large and elegant species, with a peculiar yellowish
glistening tinge in the intervals between the spiral rugose ribs;
the aperture is very transverse, and the inner lip is reflexed on
the columella.

Hab. ? (Mus, Cuming.)

4. STOMATELLA ARTICULATA (pl. clxxiv. f. 2), 4. Adams, Pro.
Zool. Soc. Feb. 1850.

S. testd suborbiculari, imperforata, convexd, tenui, grised, cos-
tulis transversis nigro-articulatis, interstitis lineis longitudinalibus,
elevatis ornaté; spird prominuld, anfractibus rotundatis; aper-
turd oblongo-ovali, longiore quam latiore.

Shell suborbicular, imperforate, convex, thin, greyish, with
transverse ribs articulated with black, the interstices with elevated
longitudinal lines ; spire rather prominent, whorls rounded ; aper-
ture oblong-oval, longer than wide.

Australia; Lord Hood’s Island, on the pearl oyster. JZ. C.
(Mus. Cuming.)

5. SroMaTELLa MacuLata (pl. clxxv. f. 32, 33, 34), Quoy
et Gaimard, Voy. de VAstrol. t. im. p. 315. pl. 66 bis. f. 18-16.

S. testa oblongo-orbiculata, convexa, longistrorsum transversim-
que tenuissimé striaté, flavicante, fusco vel subrubro maculata,
intus alba; spird prominenti.

Shell oblong-orbicular, convex, longitudinally and transversely
very finely striated, yellowish, spotted with reddish-brown, white
internally ; spire prominent.

Island of Vanikoro; Catanuan, province of Tayabas, island of
Luzon; under stones. (Mus. Cuming.)

6. SroMATELLA MONILIFERA (pl. clxxiv. f. 21), A. Adams,
Pro. Zool. Soc. Feb. 1850.

835

S. test’ suborbiculari, convexo-depressi, imperforati, albida,
rufo-punctaté, costellis moniliformibus, confertis, transversis or-
nata; aperturd obliqua, subcircnlari.

Shell suborbicular, convexly depressed, imperforate, whitish,
spotted with rufous, and ornamented with transverse, close-set,
granular ribs; aperture oblique, subcircular.

Lab. P (Mus. Metcalfe.)

7. StomaTeLLa notata (pl. clxxiv. f. 18, 19, 20, 21), 4.
Adams (Stomatia), Pro. Zool. Soc. Feb. 1850.

S. test suborbiculari, depressd, pallide rose’, maculis purpureis
valdé distinctis ornata, transversim carinata, carinis acutis, promi-
nentibus, subdistantioribus, longitudinaliter valdé oblique striata ;
spiri subprominula ; anfractibus supremis carinatis, apice acuto ;
apertura subcirculari, intus margaritaced et transversim sulcata.

A beautiful species, of a delicate rose tint, ornamented with
very distinct purple spots.

Philippines. (Mus. Cuming.)

8. SroMaTELLA sANGUINEA (pl. clxxiv. f. 30), 4. Adams,
Pro. Zool. Soc. Feb. 1850.

S. test orbiculaté, depress’; spiri prominuld, acuta, coccined,
transversim tenuissimé sulcati, longitudmaliter obliqué striata,
carinulis transversis, subdistantibus, nodulosis ornati; apertura
ovali, obliquai; columelld subcallosd, area’ umbilicali alba, intus
margaritaced, sulcosi.

This species is of a beautiful red colour, orbicular, depressed,
transversely sulcate, and with nodulous, transverse keels, rather
wide apart; the columella is somewhat callous, and there is a
white area round the umbilical region.

Island of Ticao; under stones, low water. (Mus. Cuming.)

9. SromaTeLua speciosa (pl. clxxiv. f. 29), 4. Adams, Pro.
Zool. Soc. Feb. 1850.

S. testa orbiculato-conica, alba, sanguineo-maculata, transversim
carinata, longitudinaliter valdé striata, carinis obtusis, prominenti-
bus, carinulis intermediis instructis; spird prominula, anfractibus
tricarinatis ; apertura ovali, intus margaritacea.

Orbiculately conical, white, spotted with blood-red, transversely
keeled, the keels with other smaller keels between them; the
whorls of the spire tri-carinate.

Grimwood’s Island. (Mus. Cuming.)

836

10. SromaTELLA CANDIDA (pl. clxxiv. f. 22), 4. Addams (Sto-
matia), Pro. Zool. Soc. Feb. 1850.

S. test& suborbiculaté, depressi, candida, transversim tota cari-
nati, carinulis parvis, confertis, permultis, elevatiusculis, subnodu-
losis, interstitus longitudinaliter tenuissimé striatis; spird depres-
siuscula ; anfractibus rotundatis; aperturé obliqua, subcirculari,
longiore quam latiore.

A pure white species, orbiculately depressed, with numerous
acute keels on the whorls, and with the spaces between the ribs
finely striated.

Korean Archipelago; coral reefs. 4.4. (Mus. Cuming.)

11. StomaTeLia CANCELLATA (pl. clxxiv. f. 6, 7, 8, 9), Krauss,
Siidafrican. Moll. tab. 5. f. 26.

S. testé umbilicaté, suborbiculari, convexé, solida, cinereo-albida,
sordidé rufo-fasciaté ; costellis transversis, obtusis, irregularibus,
striisque longitudinalibus, tenuibus, in anfractu penultimo dis-
tinctioribus, cancellaté ; spiraé prominente, apice acuti; apertura
obliquaé, mediocri, rotundaté, tus margaritaced; margine colu-
mellari breviter subreflexo ; umbilico distincto, levi.

A turbinate, cancellated, rather solid shell, with a conspicuous
umbilicus, and approaching in character to Huchelus.

Table Bay, Cape of Good Hope. (Mus. Cuming.)

12. SromaTeLta papyRacea (pl. clxxiv. f. 4, 5), Chemnitz,
Conch. tab. 5. pl. 182. £.1817, 1818. Stomatella tumida, Gould,
Iixp. Shells, p. 51.

S. testi subglobosi, depressiuscula, levigatissima, transversim
multifasciata, fasciis punctis albis rufisque articulatis : ; anfractibus
convexiusculis, ultimo basi depresso; apertura subcirculari, ob-
liqui, fauce argented; columelld angusti, basi callo semicirculari,
albo, clausd.

The aniinal has a horny operculum, and, although bulky, is en-
abled to retract entirely within the shell.

Australia; Sooloo Archipelago. 4.4. (Mus. Cuming.)

13. Sromaterta Arabica (pl. clxxiv. f. 27, 28), 4. Adams.

S. testa ovato-globosi, subturbinaté, umbilicatdé, alba, rubro
concimné variegata; spira producti; anfractibus liratis, ultimo
ventricoso, convexo, transversim striatis; apertura aperta, s sub-
ovali ; columella obliqua ; regione umbilicali impresso ; labio albo,
tenui, reflexo, umbilicum partim obtectens.

This is a small species, with the whorls round and simply stri-

ated; the colour and markings vary; the ground however is
usually white, with large, irregular, reddish blotches.
Red Sea. (Mus. Cuming.)

14. SromaTELLA HALIOTOIDEA (pl. clxxiv. f. 10, 11), Sowerdy,
Genera.

S. testa haliotoided, tenui, apice acuto, fusco, rufo, alboque varie
pict, seepe aibida, virido-maculata ; anfractibus planiusculis, trans-
versim liratis, liris confertis, rugosiusculis ; regione umbilicali im-
presso, vix rimato ; apertura orbiculato-ovali, obliqua.

Shell rather orbicular, with an acute apex, transversely lirate,
and variously coloured with red, green, brown, and white.

Philippines; under stones, low water. (Mus. Cuming.)

15. StomaTELLa FULGURANS (pl. clxxiv. f. 12), 4. Adams,
Pro. Zool. Soc. Feb. 1850.

S. testa suborbiculari, subperforaté, convexd; spird acuminata,
apice acuto, roseo, transversim suleatd, carinulis transversis albo
maculatis, longitudinaliter striata, striis subtus obsoletis; albida,
lineis fuscis undulatis variegaté; apertura ovali, obliqua, intus
margaritaced, valdé sulcosi.

The spire is acuminated, with a rosy apex, and the shell is
whitish, varied with undulated, fuscous lines; the aperture is
strongly sulcate internally.

Bais, island of Negros; under stones, low water. H.C. (Mus.
Cuming.)

16. Sromarerta Manuxana (pl. clxxiv. f. 17), 4. Adams,
Pro. Zool. Soc. Feb. 1850.

S. testi suborbiculaté, convexd, imperforaté, transversim sul-
cati, longitudinaliter striata, costulis transversis, striatis cincta,
mustelind, rufo-fusco, variegata, subtus costis albo rufoque articu-
latis ; spird prominuld; apertura ovali, longiore quam latiore.

This is a solid, orbicular, rather depressed species, variegated
with reddish-brown, and with the whorls adorned with transverse,
striated ribs.

Moluccas. (Mus. Cuming.)

17. SromareLxa orBicuata (pl. clxxiv. f. 23, 24), 4. Adams,
Pro. Zool. Soc. Feb. 1850.

S. test&é suborbiculari, convexd, virescenti, castanco variegata,
transversim suicata, longitudinaliter striata, costis confertis rotun-
datis instruct’; spird prominula, anfractibus rotundatis; aper-
tur’ subcirculari, intus viridescenti.

838

An orbicular, transversely-grooved species, with rounded whorls,
and with the aperture greenish internally.

Mosambique; under stones, low water. Rev. W. V. Hennah.
(Mus. Cuming.)

18. Sromatetta Japontca (pl. clxxiv. f. 14), A. Adams,
Pro. Zool. Soc. Feb. 1850.

S. testi suborbiculari, imperforata, convexd, fuscd, transversim
costulata, costulis confertis nodulosis, interstitiis tenuissimé longt-
tudinaliter striatis; spird prominulé; anfractibus costatis, rotun-
datis ; apertwrd subcirculari, intus margaritaced.

The aperture in this species is subcircular, and the whorls are
rounded and transversely ribbed; the colour is brown, and the
ribs are nodulous and close-set.

Japan. (Mus. Cuming.)

18 a. STOMATELLA SPLENDIDULA, A. Adams.

S. testa haliotoided, orbiculato-depress4, imperforata ; spire: an-
fractibus tribus, bicarinatis, anfractu ultimo transversim lirato,
liris ineequalibus, asperulatis, interstitiis longitudinaliter striatis ;
superné pallida, ad suturas rubro-fusco radiata, inferné rufescenti,
fusco-punctaté; imfima facie flammulis rubris, radiantibus, ornata ;
apertura intus alba, opaci, virido spiraliter lineaté, margine mar-
garitacea.

In this species the columellar margin is reflexed and pearly,
but the interior of the aperture, with the exception of the internal
margin of the outer lip, is opaque white, with green spiral lines.

Hab. 2? (Mus. Cuming.)

19. Sromaretta Bacont (pl. elxxiv. f. 25, 26), 4. Adams.

S. test ovali-orbiculata, subturbinatéi; spird producta, apice
acuto, anfractibus superné concavis; sordidé alba, rufo-fusco va-
riegaté; transversim spiraliter sulcat4, interstitiis longitudinaliter
striatis; apertura mtts sulcataé; labio subincrassato, albo, reflexo,
concentricé striato.

In form this species somewhat resembles 8. papyracea, but it
is smaller, of a more solid texture, and with the colourmg and
sculpture of an entirely different character.

Swan River. (Mus. Cuming.)

20. SromMaTELLA PALLIDA (pl. clxxv. f. 44), 4. Adams (Sto-
matia), Pro. Zool. Soc. Feb. 1850.

S. testa suborbiculari ; spird acuminata, alba, radiis pallidis, lon-

839

gitudinalibus picta, transversim lirata, interstitiis decussate striatis ;
apertur’ transversi, subovali, intus porcellani; labio subrecto,
calloso.

A species somewhat resembling, in colouring, striped varieties of
S. notata, but which differs materially in form and sculpture.

Lord Hood’s Island. (Mus. Cuming.)

21. SromaTeLLa BrIcaRtNaTa (pl. clxxv. f. 39, 40), 4. Adams.

S. test turbinati, umbilicaté ; spiré producta ; lutescenti, macu-
lis viridis, radiatim dispositis, ornatéi; anfractibus planiusculis,
superné angulatis, ultimo carinis duabus, elevatis, instructo ; trans-
versim spiraliter striaté; aperturd mediocri, subtetragonali; colu-
mella recta, anticé vix callosa.

This is a very pretty species, with a deep umbilicus and straight
columella; the whorls are furnished with prominent keels, of
which there are two on the last whorl; the shell is ornamented
with green blotches.

Moreton Bay, Australia. (Mus. Cuming.)

22. SroMaTELLA Brporcata (pl. clxxv. f. 43), 4. Adams,
Pro. Zool. Soc. Feb. 1850.

S. test’ turbinaté, subdepressd, rubra, alba, obscuré variegata,
transversim sulcati; spird acuminati, anfractibus quatuor, an-
fractu ultimo porcis duabus, prominentibus, instructo; apertura
subquadrata, intus margaritaced; labio subrecto; labro in medio
biangulato ; umbilico callo obtecto.

A small red species, with two rounded ridges on the last whorl,
and with a subquadrate aperture.

Australia. (Mus. Cuming.)

23. STOMATELLA TIGRINA (pl. clxxv. f. 37), 4. Adams. Sto-
matella tigrina, 4. Adams, Pro. Zool. Soc. Feb. 1850.

S. testé orbiculato-conicé, perforata, albida, fasciis rufis, radiatim
dispositis, ornatd, bicarinata, carinis elevatiusculis, obtusis, trans-
versim striatis ornaté, stris regularibus ; spira prominente, an-
fractibus angulatis; aperturd subcirculari; labio subreflexo, cal-
loso; umbilico distincto, subobtecto.

White, umbilicated, with radiating fuscous bands; whorls with
two elevated, obtuse, transversely-striated keels; inner lip subre-
flexed and callous.

Hab. P (Mus. Cuming.)

24. STOMATELLA MARGARITANA (pl. clxxiv. f. 54), 4. Adams,
Pro. Zool. Soc. Feb. 1850.

84.0

S. testa turbinaté ; spird elevaté; anfractibus rotundatis, rubra,
longitudinaliter striata, transversim costulatd, costulis subnodu-
losis, inequalibus ; apertura suborbiculari, intus margaritacea ; la-
bro semicireulari ; umbilico callo obtecto.

A small, red, transversely-ribbed species, having very much the
appearance of a Margarita.

Australia. (Mus. Cuming.)

25. STOMATELLA coccinea (pl. elxxv. f. 35, 36), 4. Adams,
Pro. Zool. Soc. Feb. 1850.

S. testa orbiculato-conici, subperforat4, coccined, maculis albis,
serlatim dispositis im anfractu ultimo, ornati, transversim tenuiter
sulcati; anfractu ultimo subangulato; spiri prominente ; anfrac-
tibus bicarinatis; aperturd subcirculari; labio postice reflexo,
calloso.

Subperforate, red, with white spots, disposed in rows on the
last whorl; the last whorl is somewhat angulated, and the whorls
of the spire are bicarinate; the inner lip is reflexed posteriorly,
and callous.

St. John’s. Mr. Hartweg. (Mus. Cuming.)

26, SrOMATELLA CALLIOSTOMA (pl. clxxv. f. 41, 4:2), 4.Adams.

S. testa ovato-subturbinataé, rimat&i; spird depressi; rufescenti,
fusco variegata, transversim liraté, iris elevatis, ineequalibus ;
apertura transversim ovali, intus rosea, iridescenti; labio tenui,
acuto, arcuato.

The interior of the aperture in this species is of a beautiful
reddish or violet tint; externally, the whorls are spirally lirate,
and of a dull, reddish-brown, variegated with markings of a
darker colour.

Ceylon. (Mus. Cuming.)

Genus MICROTIS, H. et A. Adams.

Animal as in Séomatia, but the foot with a deep, anterior fissure
for the head, and with the front edge bilobed.

Operculum none.

Shell spiral, suborbicular, depressed, with two tuberculated
ridges; spire slightly prominent; aperture very large, wider than
long, pearly within; columellar margin spiral, visible as far as the
apex of the spire.

If the just law of priority should be carried into the Vegetable

841

Kingdom, the name of this little genus might be changed to Ji-
crotina, as there is a genus of grasses named Microtis by Robert
Brown.

Microtis TuBercuLata (pl. clxxv. f. 45, 46, 47), 4. Adams,
Pro. Zool. Soc. Feb. 1850.

M. test& suborbiculari, haliotoided, valdé depressi, viride varie-
gati, transversim striatéi, bicarimaté, carinis tuberculatis, prope
-suturam nodulosim plicati; spira vix elevatd, anfractibus carinatis;
apertura magna, ovali, intus bi-sulcata, margaritaced.

The shell resembles a small imperforate Hadiotis, and the colu-
mellar margin is visible as far as the apex of the spire, as in some
species of that genus.

Island of Capul; on the sands, high water. (Mus. Cuming.)

Gunus STOMATIA, Helbling.

Animal spiral, too large entirely to enter the shell; tentacular
frontal lobes digitated ; foot large, fleshy, tubercular, greatly pro-
duced posteriorly ; lateral membrane fringed, ending anteriorly,
on the left side, in a fimbriated crest under the eye-pedicel, and
on the right, in a slightly-projecting fold, or gutter, leading to the
respiratory cavity.

Operculum none.

Shell subspiral, oblong or suborbicular, carinated or tuber-
culated; spire prominent; aperture wider than long, perlaceous
within.

Syn. Stomax, Montfort; Haliotoidea, Humphrey ; Sigaretus,
Schum., not Lamarck or Cuv.

1. Stomaria PHymoris (pl. clxxv. f. 48, 49, 50, 51, 52),
Helblin, Privatg. 4, t. 2. f. 84,35. Haliotis imperforata, Chem.
Var. Stomatia Australis, 4. Adams, Pro. Zool. Soc. Feb. 1850.

S. testé haliotoided, ovato-oblong’, dorso convexa, striata, no-
dulosi, argented; spird parvuld, contorta; labro tenui, acuto.

Shell hahotoid, ovate-oblong, convex on the back, striated, no-
dulous, silvery; spire small, contorted; outer lip thin, acute.

The Stomatella obscurata of Lamarck, judging from the descrip-
tion, is a worn specimen of the above species.

Philippine Islands; on the reefs. (Mus. Cuming.)

2. StoMatra DuPLICATA (pl. clxxv. f. 61, 62, 63), Sowerby
(Stomatella), Genera.

842

S. testé haliotoidea, oblique conoided ; spird acuminata ; albida,
fasciis latis, rubris radiatim pictd, transversim valdé striata; an-
fractibus concavis, ad suturas longitudinaliter plicatis; anfractu
ultimo carinis duabus, obtusis, transversis, instructo; apertura
ovali, obliqua; labro, in medio, biangulato.

A. species known readily by the two obtuse, transverse keels on
the last whorl, and by the elevation of the spire.

Cagayan, province of Misamis, island of Mindanao; under
stones, low water. (Mus. Cuming.)

3. Sromatia RuBRA (pl. clxxv. f. 53, 54, 55, 56), Lamarck
(Stomatella), Hist. ed. Desh. vol. iv. p. 16. Stomatella sulcata,
Lam. Encycl. pl. 450. £. 3 a 6.

A

S. testa orbiculato-convexd, transversim striaté et bicarinata,
longitudinaliter obsoleté plicati, rubra, prope suturas albo-macu-
lati, carinis nodulosis ; anfractibus superne planulatis; spird
brevi, acuta.

Shell orbiculate, convex, transversely striate and bicarinate,
longitudinally obsoletely plicate, red, spotted with white near the
suture, keels nodulous; whorls flattened above; spire short,
acute.

Philippine and Korean Archipelagos. (Mus. Cuming.)

5. Sromatta trrata (pl. clxxv. f. 58, 59), 4. Adams, Pro.
Zool. Soc. Feb. 1850.

S. test& orbiculato-convexé, liris transversis, subeequalibus, ele-
vatis vix nodulosis instructa, interstitiis valde longitudinaliter
striatis, prope suturam subplicata, pallidd, fusco radiatim marmo-
rati, spir subprominuli; anfractibus rotundatis; apertura ob-
liqua, oblongo-ovali; labro convexo, rotundato.

The shell is orbicular, with rounded whorls; the spire rather
depressed, and the whorls with transverse, elevated, subnodulous
ridges.

Hab. ——? (Mus. Cuming.)

6. StomaTra anGcuLAtA (pl. clxxv. f. 57), 4. Adams, Pro.
Zool. Soc. Feb. 1850.

S. test’ orbiculato-convexd, subdepressi, viriduld, transversim
valdé costulata, interstitiis longitudinaliter striatis, carimis duabus
elevatis simplicibus angulatis; apertura transversd, subcirculan ;
labro, in medio, biangulato.

Green, transversely strongly ribbed, and with two simple, angn-

$43

lated keels; aperture subcircular; outer lip bi-angulated in the
middle.

San Hstevan, province of South Ilocos, island of Luzon ; under
stones, low water. (Mus. Cuming.)

7. Sromatta acuminata (pl. clxxv. f. 64), A. Adams, Pro.
Zool. Soc. Feb. 1850.

S. testa haliotoided, suborbiculaté, subfuscd, cancellata, trans-
versim costaté, costis tribus, prominentibus, medid valdé promi-
nula, tuberculaté, valde plicaté prope suturam, longitudinaliter
elevaté striaté; spird prominuld, acuminata, anfractibus quatuor,
angulatis; labro, in medio, tri-angulato.

This is a cancellated, transversely-ribbed species, strongly pli-
cate near the suture.

Philippine Islands. (Mus. Cuming.)

8. Sromatia pecussata (pl. clxxv. f. 60), 4. Adams, Pro.
Zool. Soc. Feb. 1850.

S. testa ovato-oblong4, longitudinaliter et transversim decussate
striata, carinis duabus, simplicibus aut subtuberculatis, angulatis,
prominentibus; pallid4, maculis fuscis variegatéi; spird elevata;
apertura obliqua, feré orbiculari; labro bi-angulato in medio.

This species is decussated with transverse and longitudinal
striz, and there are two prominent, angular keels on the whorls ;
the spire is acute and prominent.

Sorsogon, province of Albay, island of Luzon; on smooth
stones, six fathoms. H.C. (Mus. Cuming.)

SPECIES UNIDENTIFIED.

Stomatella decolorata, Gould, Exp. Sh. p. 51.

Stomatella inflata, C. B. Adams, Shells of Panama, p. 216.
Stomatella minima, Dufo. Ann. Sc. Nat. Oct. 1840, p. 2.02.
Stomatella wrasata, Dufo. Ann. Nat. Se. Oct. 1840, p. 20.

844

LIST OF FIGURES IN PLATES CLXXIII. TO CLXXV.

(The Figure after each Name refers to the number of the Species.)

Pirate CLXXIII. Fig.
GENA. 15,16. 8. splendidula, 4. 4d. 18 a
Fig. 17. — Malulkana, 4. Ad. 16.
1-3. G. planulata, Zam. 3. 18-21. — notata, 4. 4d. 7.
4,5. — lutea, Linn. 1. 22. — candida, 4. Ad. 10.
6-8. — varia, 4. Ad. 2. 23, 24. — orbiculata, 4. 4d. 17.

9, 10. — striatula, 4. Ad. 6. 25, 26. — Baconi, 4. Ad. 19.
11, 12. — strigosa, 4. dd. 7. 27, 28. — Arabica, 4. Ad. 13.

13. — plumbea, 4. dd. 5. 29. — speciosa, 4. dd. 9.
14-16. — nigra, Quoy, 4. 30. — sanguinea, 4. dd. 8.
17-19. — pulchella, 4. dd. 12. 31, — margaritana, 4. dd. 24.
20, 21. — concinna, Gould, 11.

22. — lintricula, 4. Ad. 9. Prats CLXXV.

23. — nebulosa, 4. dd. 8. 32-384. — maculata, Lam. 5.
- ex a eae A. pee 35, 36. — coccinea, 4. Ad. 25.

, 27. — lineolata, 4. Ad. 10. iota Tao
28, 29. — asperulata, 4. dd. 13. a = baa pee
; ei, 4. dd. 3.
BRODERIPIA. 39, 40. — bicarinata, 4. dd. 21.

41, 42. — calliostoma, 4. Ad. 26.
43. — biporcata, 4. Ad. 22.
44, — pallida, 4. Ad. 20.

30, 31. B. Cumingii, 4. dd. 3.

32, 33. — iridescens, Brod. 1.

34, 35. — rosea, Brod. 2.
MICROTIS.

Pirate CLXXIV.
45-47. M. tuberculata, 4. Ad.

STOMATELLA.
’ 1. 8. imbricata, Zam. 1. STOMATIA.
2. — articulata, 4. dd. 4. |48-52. 8. phymotis, Heddlin, 1.
3. — sulcifera, Lam. 2. 58-56. — rubra, Lam. 3.
4, 5. — papyracea, Chem. 12. 57. — angulata, 4. Ad. 6.
6-9. — cancellata, Avauss, 11. |58, 59. — lirata, 4. dd, 5.
10, 11. — haliotoidea, Sowd. 14. 60. — decussata, 4. Ad. 8.
12. — fulgurans, 4. dd. 15. |61-63. — duplicata, Sowd. 2.
13. — monilifera, 4. Ad. 6. 64. — acuminata, 4. Ad. 7.

14. — Japonica, 4. dd. 18.

845

STOMATELLIN A.
ALPHABETICAL LIST OF SPECIES.

acuminata, 4. Adams, Stomatia 7, pl. 175. f. 64.
angulata, 4. Adams, Stomatia 6, pl. 175. f. 57.
Arabica, 4. Adams, Stomatella 13, pl. 174. f. 27, 28.
auricula, Gena lutea, 1.

articulata, 4. Adams, Stomatella 4, pl. 174. f. 2.
asperulata, 4. ddams, Gena 13. pl. 173. f. 28, 29.
Baconi, 4. Adams, Stomatella 19, pl. 174. f. 25, 26.
bicarinata, 4. Addams, Stomatella 21, pl. 175. f. 39, 40.
biporcata, 4. Addams, Stomatella 22, pl. 175. f. 43.
calliostoma, 4. Addams, Stomatella 26, pl. 174. f. 41, 42.
cancellata, Krauss, Stomatella 11, pl. 174. f. 6, 7, 8, 9.
candida, 4. ddams, Stomatella 10, pl. 174. f. 22.
concinna, Gould, Gena 11. pl. 173. f. 20, 21.
coccinea, 4. Adams, Stomatella 25, pl. 175. f. 35, 36.
Cumingii, 4. Adams, Broderipia 3, pl. 173. f. 30, 31.
Cumingii, 4. Adams, Stomatella 3, pl. 175. f. 38.
decolorata, Stomatella, xo¢ identified.

decussata, 4. Adams, Stomatia 8, pl. 175. f. 60.
duplicata, Sowd., Stomatia 2, pl. 175. f. 61-63.
fulgurans, 4. Adams, Stomatella 15, pl. 174. f. 12.
haliotoidea, Sowd. Stomatella 14, pl. 174. f. 10, 11.
imbricata, Lamk., Stomatella 1, pl. 174. f. 1.
imperforata, Chem., Stomatia phymotis, 1.

inflata, Stomatella, not identified.

iridescens, Brod., Broderipia 1, pl. 173. f. 32, 33.
irasata, Stomatella, xot identified.

Japonica, 4. Adams, Stomatella 18, pl. 174. f. 14.
lineata, 4. Adams, Gena 10, pl. 1738. f. 26, 27.
lintricula, 4. d4dams, Gena 9, pl. 173. f. 22.

lirata, 4. Adams, Stomatia 5, pl. 175. f. 58, 59.
lutea, Linn., Gena 1, pl. 173. f. 4, 5.

maculata, Lamhk., Stomatella 5, pl. 175. f. 32-34.
Malukana, 4. Adams, Stomatella 16, pl. 174. f. 17.

846

margaritana, 4. Adams, Stomatella 24, pl. 174. f. 54.
minima, Stomatella, not identified.

monilifera, 4. ddams, Stomatella 6, pl. 174. f. 21.
nebulosa, 4. Adams, Gena 8, pl. 173. f. 23.

nigra, Quoy, Gena 4, pl. 173. f. 14, 15, 16.

notata, 4. Adams, Stomatella 7, pl. 174. f. 18-21.
orbiculata, 4. ddams, Stomatella 17, pl. 174. f. 23, 24.
ornata, 4. Adams, Gena 14, pl. 178. f. 24, 25.
pallida, 4. Adams, Stomatella 20, pl. 175. f. 44.
papyracea, Chem., Stomatella 12, pl. 174. f. 4, 5.
phymotis, Heldlim, Stomatia 1, pl. 175. f. 48-52.
planulata, Lamk., Gena 3, pl. 173. f. 1, 2, 3.
plumbea, 4. Adams, Gena 5, pl. 173. f. 13.
pulchella, 4. Adams, Gena 12, pl. 173. f. 17, 18, 19.
rubra, Lamk., Stomatia 3, pl. 175. f. 53-56.
sanguinea, 4. Addams, Stomatella 8, pl. 174. f. 30.
speciosa, 4. Adams, Stomatella 9, pl. 174. f. 29.
splendida, .4. 4dams, Stomatella 18 a, pl. 174. f. 15, 16.
striatula, 4. ddams, Gena 6, pl. 173. f. 9, 10.
strigosa, 4. Adams, Gena 7, pl. 173. f. 11, 12.
sulcata, Stomatia rubra, 3.

sulcifera, Lamk., Stomatella 2, pl. 174. f. 3.

tigrina, 4. Adams, Stomatella 23, pl. 175. f. 37.
tuberculata, 4. Adams, Microtis, pl. 175. f. 45-47.
varia, 4. Adams, Gena 2, pl. 173. f. 6, 7, 8.

84:7

MONOGRAPH OF THE GENUS

CERITHIU M, Adanson.

INCLUDING

Verracus, Klein, Coutna, dA. Adams, Birrtum, Leach, Pire-
NELLA, Gray, Currriiorsis, Forbes and Hanley, Pyrazus,
Montfort, Lameanta, Gray, Crrirautpna, Swainson, Poramt-
prs, Brongniart, Tympanotomus, AZein, and TxLEscorium,
Chemnitz.

Molluscum trachelipodum ; testa turritA, operculiferd, varicosi,
plerumque tuberculataé et striata ; apertura canalifera.

In retaining ail the species included im this Monograph within
a single genus, [ am not to be considered as implying an opinion
that no divisions could be made with advantage. Many of the
genera of authors enumerated above, may probably constitute
good foundations for a more accurate distribution of the species.
But the misfortune is that the authors have not had the whole
range of species before them, or at least have not had to prepare
lists of all the species under their respective denominations. Now,
it is easy to take two or three species here, and form them into a
genus under one name, and to take two or three there to make
a genus under another name; but it is not so easy to take every
species and to place each in its appropriate genus. — For if the
species are placed in a line, it is almost impossible to mark
the boundaries of the separate groups. | know an instance of a
most accomplished conchologist attempting to arrange an exten-
sive collection of Cerithide according to the modern style of
numerous small genera, and the result was, of course, that he had
a great many species which he did not know what to do with;
and instances eccurred in which specimens of the same species

Ds

848

were placed apart in different genera. Kndeavouring, therefore,
to give a correct account of the species, and of course keeping
those most alike, nearest to each other, I leave the task of form-

ing generic groups to those who think them useful.

I wish to record my obligations to Mr. Arthur Adams, Surgeon,
R.N., for his kindness in permitting me the full use of his manu-
scripts on the present genus, of which he was preparing a mono-
graph. Had not that gentleman been called to the country before
the work was completed, my readers would have enjoyed the be-
nefit of his labours entire and unadulterated. As it is, having to
complete the work which he had begun, I have been forced, in a
measure, to model 1 upon my own views. It has nevertheless been
my endeavour, as far as possible, to retain the same arrangements
which he proposed, although in another form ; while the synonyms
so carefully collected in the manuscript have proved most valu-
able, and have in the great majority of instances been adopted as
perfectly correct.

Division 1.—Marine, generally with a produced canal. Oper-
culum oval, with few whorts.

la. A long, upturned canal, and a kind of plait or callus in
the mildte of the columella.—Genus Verracus, Klein.

1. Cerrrutum Verracus (pl. elxxvi. f. 2, 3), Liwnaeus, Syst.
Nat. (Murex). Vertagus vulgaris, Schaum.

Cerith. testa subcylindraced, albo vel pallidé fulva, levi; an-
fractibus superioribus nodulosim costatis, medianis latis, rectiuscu-
lis, ad suturam plerumque plicatis; apertura obliqua, albé; labio
interno crasso, biplicato; labio externo anticé incrassato, canali
oblique recurvo.

This common white or pale brown species has the central whorls
swelling in bulk, although straight at the sides, and crenulated
or plicated at the sutures. Irom the Molluccas and Philippines.

2. Cerrrurum taentatum (pl. clxxvi. f..1), Quoy e¢ Gaimard,
Voy. Astrolabe; Kicner, Sp. Gen. Cog. pl. 19. f. 2.

Cerith. testa C. Vertago simillima, sed rubro-fasciato canali bre-
viore.

The form of the canal seems slightly different, being (from the
figure) shorter and less gradually curved than in C. Vertagus.
The colowing in bands, too, is scarcely a variation which we
should expect in the latter species. New Guinea.

849

3. Ceritatum rascratum (pl. elxxvi. f. 6, 7, 8, 9, 10), Brag.
KB. M. p. 474. Cerith. no. 3. C. Martinianum, Pfeifer, Knit.
Regist. C. procerum, Kvever, pl. 18. f. 1.

Cerith. test’ elongaté, subpyramidali, levi, albA vel fusco ma-
culata vel fasciat’, plus minusve spiraliter sulcati; anfractibus
rectiusculis, ad suturam plicatis; apertura obliqua, alba; labio in-
terno vix biplicato ; labio externo anticé incrassato ; canali obliqué
recurvo.

Much more lengthened and with more whorls than C. Vertagus,
less swelled in the middle, very slightly grooved, and white-
banded or spotted. Mr. Cuming’s specimens of the different
varieties are from the Philippines. It 1s reported generally as an
Indian shell.

4, Crerituium Puanos (pl. clxxvi. f. 20, 21, 22), Hinds,
Moll. Voy. Sulph. p. 27. pl. xi. f. 3, 4. C. subulatum, Lams,
no. 23.

Cerith. testi elongata, alba, pallidé lineaté vel seriatim pune-
tata, spiraliter inciso-sulcata, longitudinaliter crebré et acute pli-
cata; apertura obliqua, alba; labio interno vix biplicato; labio
externo anticé incrassato ; canali obliqué recurvo.

Smaller, narrower, and more sharply and numerously plicated,
especially at the sutures, than C. fasciatum. The name “ subu-
latum” 1s used by Montagu for another species. Hast coast of

Africa.

5. Ceriraium asperum (pl. clxxvi. f. 11, 12), Linnaeus
(Murex asper), Syst. Nat. Clava rugata, Martyn. Strombus
vibex, Gmel. C. asperum, Lams. Murex granulatus, Linn., non
brug.

Cerith. test&é elongata, alb4, nonnunquam rubro-lineata, longi-
tudinaliter plicata ; plicis numerosis, acuté serratis ; apertura ovali,
obliqué; labio interno posticé uniplicato, in medio ints obliqué
biplicato, extus unidentato ; labio externo serrato ; canali recurvo.

The numerous longitudinal ribs are serrated by the spiral
grooves crossing them, so as to produce a series of sharp points:
these points are formed into a more prominent rib at the lower
part of the last whorl. The lineated variety of this species is rare.

6. Cerrraium Lingatum (pl. clxxvi. f. 4, 5), Brug., Lamk.
Anim. sans vert. C. asper, var. nonnull.
Cerith. testa C. aspero simili, sed costis longitudinalibus dis-
tantibus magnis; sulcis spiralibus paucis plerumque spiraliter
lineata.

850

While this species is generally lineated, but sometimes occurs
white or spotted, it is more usual with the preceding to be white;
but the true difference, if sufficiently marked to be specific, is the
great width between the asperated ribs and the distance of the
points upon them. The species is from the Pacific Ocean.

7. Creritium axvco (pl. elxxvu. f. 34, 35), Linnaeus, Syst.
Nat. ed. 12. p. 1225 (Murex). Murex coronatus, Born.

Cerith. test levi, pallida, nigro et fusco maculaté; anfractibus
ventricosis, superioribus cancellatis, medianis angulo superiore
distanter angulatim et acuté noduliferis, ultimo univaricoso ; aper-
turd alba, bicanaliferd; labio interno integro posticé uniplicato,
antice ad canalem angulifero; labio externo rotundato, super ca-
nalem in angulum producto; canali elongato subabrupte recurvo.

The whorls are crowned with large, distant, acute tubercles.
he whole shell, excepting the apical whorls, is smooth and
spotted with irregular specks and blotches of black. The aper-
ture is more inflated than either of the clavate species. The dark
specimen figured is from the Philippines. The light small speci-
men is from the collection of the late Mr. G. B. Sowerby. Lo-
eality unknown.

8. Ceriru1um Sowersr (pl. clxxvu. f. 33), Kéener, Sp. de
Coq. pl. 7. f. 2. C. clava, Sowerby’s Genera.

Cerith. testa solida, pallida, lavigatd, pyramidali, fusco nebu-
lata et punctis maculisque tessellaté; anfractibus superioribus
subcrenulatis et cariatis, medianis ad latera compressis; sutura
vix distincté; aperturé subquadrata, postice canalifero ; labio in-
terno purpurascente, postice uniplicato, anticé laminatim incras-
sato; labio externo rotundatim incurvo, levi; canali attenuato,
abrupté incurvo.

Differing from C. a/uco in its more pyramidal form, the straight-
ening of the whorls, the comparative squareness of the aperture,
and the greater solidity of the whole shell. The late Mr. G. B.
Sowerby thought that he recognized in this shell the C. clava of
Bruguiére.

9. Cerrraium Cumrnett (pl. elxxvi. f. 19), 4. Adams (Ver-
tagus).

Cerith. testa levigata, nigro et fusco longitudinaliter disruptim
fasciata ; anfractibus superioribus subangulatis cancellatis, media-
nis vix angulatis, ultimo ovali; apertura bicanaliculata; canali
recurvo.

851

The only specimen we possess of this magnificent shell is in-
complete in the aperture: it is more cylindrical than either of the
preceding, and the central whorls gently swelled; some of them
having a slight angle near the upper part. The dark zebra-like
markings give a rich appearance to the exterior. Mr. Cuming’s
specimen is from Torres Straits, by Captain Ince.

10. Ceriratum macutosum (pl. clxxvi. f. 29), Martyn.
Clava maculosa, Martyn, Univ. Conch. pl. 57. Cerithium clava,
Brug., KH. M. p. 479; Martini Conch. t. 10. p. 256. vig. 22.
f. a, 6. C. marmoreum, Kiener, pl. 31. f. 1.

Cerith. testé ponderosa, ventricosd, pallida, fusco maculata,
spiraliter inciso-sulcaté; anfractibus superioribus costatis, me-
dianis undulatis, ultimo varice magno; suturd partim crenulata ;
apertur’. magna, alba, posticé in canalem producta; labio interno
subangulato, prope canalem posticum incrassato, anticé laminatim
expanso ; labio externo subindentato, versus canalem incurvato ;
canali angustato, profundo, abrupté recurvo.

This very thick, broad Cerzthiwm is of a light colour, spotted
with brown. The upper whorls are ribbed; the middle ones are
comparatively smooth: the last has a great varix opposite the
mouth. The whole shell is marked by incised spiral lines.

11. Cerrrnium nosite (pl. clxxvii. f. 28), Reeve.

Cerith. test crassi, elongata, pallida, tessellata, spiraliter lineis
elevatis cincta ; anfractibus numerosis, superioribus rotundis, spar-
sim varicosis, medianis levibus, rectis, ad suturam paululim ele-
vatis; apertura subquadrata, alba, bicanaliculata; labio externo,
levi, versus canalem incurvo ; labio interno laminatim incrassato,
posticé uniplicato ; canali alternato, abrupté recurvo.

This shell is more gracefully formed than the preceding. The
whorls are compressed at the sides, and marked by pale fulvous
bands, crossed in squares. ‘The aperture resembles that of C.
maculosa. Mr. Cuming brought his specimens from Mindanao,
Philippines.

12. Crrirurum opexiscus (pl. clxxvi. f. 30, 31, 382), Brug.,
E. M. pl. 443. f. 4, 7,6. Murex Sinensis, Gmel., no. 54,

Cerith. testé pyramidal, solidé, punctis et maculis fuscis nigres-
centibus variegata, spiraliter granoso-sulcatd ; anfractibus ad latera
rectiusculis, ad suturam tuberculatis ; ultimo anfractu inflato, uni-
varicoso ; apertura brevi; labio interno uniplicato, laminato ; labio
externo arcuato ; canali abrupté ad dorsum reflexo.

852

Formed like C. Sowerbii and C. nodile, but distinguished by
spiral riblets, granulated and spotted between the granules, and
a row of tubercles at the suture. The closely grained variety is
im Mr. Hanley’s collection. ‘This species is commonly called the
“Chinese Obelisk.”

13. Cerirarum semicranosum (pl. clxxvii. f. 36, 37), Lamk.,
Anim. s. vert. no. 18.

Cerith. testi C. obelisco simili, sed sulcis spiralibus paucis
latis magis elevatis; anfractibus ad suturam tuberculis rotun-
datis.

The nodules at the suture of this species are not sharp, but
rounded and partly confluent with the highest row of granules,
which are distant and broad: in these respects it differs from
C. obeliscus. The beautifully mottled specimen belongs to Mr.
Metcalfe. New Holland.

14. CERITHIUM CEDO-NULLI (pl. elxxvii. f. 38, 39, 40), Nobis.

Cerith. testa C. odelisco simili, sed breviore; sulcis rariusculis,
tuberculis ad suturam magnis.

A shorter and less pyramidal shell than C. odeliscus, with the
ridges of granules more distant, and the row of tubercles at the
suture very prominent and large. The variations in colouring are
beautiful and striking. Island of Annaa, in the South Pacific,
HT. Cuming ; Borneo, Lieut. Taylor, R.N.; and Philippines, /Z.

Cuming.

15. Cerrruium putcurum (pl. clxxvi. f. 25), 4d. Adams.
Vertagus pulcher.

Cerith. test& pyramidali, solida, pallida, ad suturam perelevatim
nodulosa, inter nodulos nigro-maculaté, omnino minute granosd
et cancellaté; aperturd brevi; labio interno uniplicato, anticé
laminato; labio externo arcuato; canali abrupté ad dorsum re-
flexo.

In form resembling C. obeliscus, this beautiful shell is minutely
cancellated in every part and at the sutures, the whorls are gra-
dated and crowned by a series of rounded nodules, having a black
spot between each. Mr. Cuming has the specimen from North
Australia.

16. Cerrraium articutatum (pl. clxxvi. f. 26, 27), 4.
Adams et Reeve. Vertagus articulatus.

Cerith. testé C. obeliseus simili, sed anfractibus subinciso-sul-

catis, sulcis acuté plicatis, ad suturam angulatim acute plici-
feris.

The sculpture is much sharper than in C. odeliseus, and the
sulci as it were incised, and a row of sharp, regular plaits at the
suture quite distinguishes the species.

17. Cerrrutum cemmatum (pl. clxxvii. f. 41), Hinds, Moll.
Voy. Sulph. pl. 11. f. 5, 6.

Cerith. testi clavata, turrita, acuminaté, nitidi; anfractibus
planulatis, triseriatim granosis, serie superiore maxima ; lineis rufis
transversim ornatis, prope labrum divergentibus, infra suturam
albidis; apertura Soa, superne callosi; columellé inferné pro-
ducta, plicd parvé; canali oblique descendente.

With the general form of C. obeliscus and the several similar
species, this species is remarkable for the width and flatness of
the last whorl, and for the thickened and ascending lips of the
aperture. The whorls are beaded in three rows, the most pro-
minent being on the upper edge. The fold on the columella is
scarcely perceptible, and the slightly upturned canal is short.
Panama, three to seven fathoms, on a sandy floor.

18. Osritnium atrenvatum (pl. clxxvu. f. 23, 24), Ph-
lippi, Abbild. t. i. f.2. C. longicaudatum, Reeve et Adams, Zool.
Samarang, Moll. p. 43. pl. 10. f£. 15 (1850).

“Cerith. testa subulato-turrita, e rufo albidi; anfractibus pla-
niusculis, cingulis transversis parum elevatis subgranosis circa
novem sculptis, supremis costulatis; apertura laté ovati; labro
crenulato, extus incrassato, intus sulcato; labio calloso, superius
plici transvers’ distincto; caudi angusti, preelongd, obliqua.”

A very lengthened shell, with many whorls (nine in the above
description, fifteen*in the accompanying figure, and seventeen in
our specimen here represented) ; on each whorl five beaded, al-
ternate with five plain, less elevated riblets. The canal is long
and very obliquely curved. Pasacao, Island of Luzon, Philip-
pines, LZ. Cuming.

19. Cerrratum Kocut (pl. clxxvi. f. 18, 14, 15), Pholippi,
Abbild. pl. i. f. 3.

Cerith. testa angusti, pallidi, fusco vel rufo interlineaté; an-
fractibus spiraliter costellatis, costellis alternatim granosis et pla-
nis; apertura subobliqué; labio externo paulultim incrassato ;
labio interno uniplicato ; canali breve adscendente.

Tn sculpture this species resembles C. ad/enuatum, but the form

854

is very different ; the whorls much less distinct from each other, the
mouth smaller, ‘and the canal shorter. It is found on the coasts
of Hast Africa.

20. Ceriraium recurve (pl. clxxvi. f. 16, 17, 18), Nodis.

Cerith. testé acuminata, alba, fulvo vel rufo interpunctato; an-
fractibus duodecim, triseriatim granosis, ultimo costellis septem
Spears ornato ; apertura posticé canalifero ; labio externo cre-
nato; labio interno anticé incrassato, vix plicato ; canali antico
breviusculo recurvo.

The upper whorls show three rows of granules, with spots of
colour between them. The young specimen with dark spots, and
the one hardly showing any, are Mr. Hanley’s: that with orange
spots is Mr. Cuming’s. The last whorl seems to narrow towards
the canal, and to turn upwards with it. Habitat unknown.

1b. A distinct canal, more or less produced, and generally a
plait on the upper part of the columella—Genus Crrt-
THIUM, as restricted by some authors.

21. Cerrraium nopuLosom (pl. clxxvui. f. 42), Brag., Dict.
no. 8. C. aluco, Born, non Linn. Murex tuberosus, Dillw.

Cerith. testa magna, crassi, pyramidali, rugos4, spiraliter sul-
cata, nodulis magnis obtusis armati, grisea, maculis fuscis sparsa ;
ultimo anfractu ad latus univaricoso; apertura postice uniplicata ;
labio interno anticé subtruncato seu uniplicato ; labio externo ex-
panso, sulcato, margine laqueato anticé super canalem incurvo.

A. large, rough shell, of grey colour, spotted with blackish-
brown, and having large knobs, about ten on each whorl, except-
ing the last, which is flattened in front, and has a large spread-
ing varix at the side. he inner lip has a kind of fold near each
end; and the outer lip is spread, elevated above, and drawn round
over the canal at the lower part. It is strongly grooved and
fluted. The canal is rather short, and not much curved. /Zad.
Molluccas, Lam. ; Philippines, Cwm.

22. Ceriraium potyconum (pl. clxxvii. f. 46), Nodes.

Cerith. testa pyramidali, grisea, spiraliter sulcata ; costis magnis,
regularibus, superne angulatis, continuis ; apertura ignota.

“The only specimen we have seen is in Mr. Cuming’ s collection,
but it is not full grown; hence we can only describe it provision-
ally. It looks like the commencement of a very handsome shell,
which might be allied to the fossil C. gigas. Port Essington, Mr.
Jukes.

855

23. CerirHium Lave (pl. clxxxv. f. 270), Quoy, Voy. Astr.
pl. 54. f. 1-8.

Cerith. testa magna, conica, alba, attenuatd ; anfractibus nume-
rosis, planulatis, inferné prope suturam subangulatis, bicarinatis,
ultimo subtiis rotundato ; apertura oblique quadrata ; columella
tenui, tort’; labio externo tenui, posticé emarginato, anticé ro-
tundatim producto ; operculo ovato, paucispirali.

Although this large white shell seems, in the shape of the aper-
ture and in general appearance, to consort with C. ¢elescopium,
Quoy reports and figures an oval, paucispiral operculum. It
would seem therefore to belong to the present division, and is a

. . 5,” i= . . °
near neighbour to the fossil C. gigas. It is an Australian species.

24, CerivHium tuBEROsUM (pl. clxxvi. f. 49), Fudricins,
Colum. Alquat. Cerith. erythraenense, Lamarck, Anim. s. vert.
Cerith. no. 12. Strombus striatus, Schroter. Buecinum tube-
rosum.

Cerith. testa alb&, fusco-maculaté et fasciatim punctata, spirali-
ter acute striata, nodulis in medio angulatis, irregularibus, et vari-
cibus magnis armati ; labio interno anticé et posticé plicato ; labio
externo angulato, subdigitato, anticé super canalem incurvo ; ca-
nali rectiusculo.

A more acute, lighter shell than C. xodulosum, with the canal
rather longer, the outer lip more angular and more sharply notched,
the sculpture more sharp and minute. Had. Near Suez.

25. Cerrratum cotumna (pl. clxxvii. f. 55, 56, 57, 58),
Sowerby, Gen. of Sh. C, echinatum, Kiener.

Cerith. test4 breviusculd, subobtusa, spiraliter sulcata, angulatim
costata, variegaté, plerumque ad apicem lividd, costis magnis ;
apertura bicanaliculaté; labio interno posticé uniplicato; labio
externo incrassato, laqueato, anticé simplici; canali brevi.

This species is varied in colour, form, and sculpture, but its
general character is best expressed in figure 56, as consisting of
rather distant, sharply angular ribs, which are crossed by sharp
lines. It differs from C. nodulosum and C. erythrenense in being
of a more obtuse form, and not having the outer lip drawn round
over the canal. The apex is sometimes livid. ab. Philippines,
Cuming.

26, CERITHIuM crTRINuM (pl. clxxix. f. 66), Nobis. C. co-
lumna, Kiener, non Sowerby, Genera of Shells, f. 7.
Cerith. testa flavescente, acuté pyramidah, spiraliter striata, cos-
51

556

tellis rotundatis armata; anfractu ultimo univaricoso; apertura
bicanaliculata ; labio externo subquadrato, crenulato; canali ob-
liqua, elongata.

This shell, figured by Kiener under the name C. columna of
Sowerby, is of a light yellowish colour, and has the angles of
the ribs rounded off. It is quite distinct from the shell figured
im the ‘Genera.’ Had. Island of Masbate, Philippines, Cuming.

27. Cerituium unctnatum (pl. clxxx. f. 78, 79), Gmel.
(Murex), p. 3542. no. 57; Wood, Ind. test. pl. 27. #150. °C.
familicum, C. B. Adams, Shells of Panama, p. 152?

Cerith. test& conico-turrité, apicé acuminata, transversim striata,
basi biseriatim nodosa, alba, fusco marmorataé et lineato-punctata ;
anfractibus convexiusculis, in medio tuberculis acutis armatis ;
apertura ovato-subcirculari, albi; labro plicato, anticé producto ;
canali angusto, longo, uncinato.

Remarkable for the curved canal, and the prominent principal
row of coloured knobs. Guadaloup, Jamaica.

28. Crrirutum arratum (pl. clxxix. f. 69). Murex atratus,
Born, Mus. p. 324. 11. f. 17, 18. Cerithium atratum, Brag.,
Dict. no. 12; Kiener, Mon. Cerith. pl. 20. f. 3.

Cerith. testa turrita, apice acuta, varicosa, ustulataé; anfractuum
striis transversis granosis, prope suturas bifariam tuberculatis,
varicibus sparsis nodiformibus ; canali truncato.

A black, stout shell, with angular whorls having three rows of
beaded ribs on each, and a short, truncated canal. Had. Sicily.

29. Crrituium caupatum (pl. clxxix. f. 71, 72), Nobis.

Cerith. testé C. atrato simili, sed magis acuti; apertura magis
expansi, cauda elongatiusculd.

Ditfermg from C. atratum in being more acute, having a more
spreading aperture and a longer caudal canal. It is also more
sharply striated and sculptured. ad. Guadaloup.

30, CERITHIUM sTRIATISSIMUM (pl. clxxx. f. 86, 87), Nodis.

Cerith. testa grised, nigricante, elongaté, minuté spiraliter
striata, nodulis minutis regularibus divisis ornati; anfractibus
angulatis, ad angulum et ad suturam nodulis majoribus; apertura
subovali.

The regular bead-like nodules of this grisly-coloured species
are divided by the strive, which cross the whole shell im a spiral

$57

direction. Mr. Hanley’s specimen is prettily marked by brown
spots behind the nodules. Locality unknown.

31. Curtraium EBURNEUM (pl. clxxx. f. 80, 81, 82, 83),
Brug. i. M. no. 41. C. algiecola, C. B. Adams, incluso. Non
C. eburneum, Keener, pl. 10. f. 2.

Cerith. testa oblonga, turrita, colore alba seu varid, plerumque
maculis rufo-fuscis in lineis transversis dispositis ornata ; anfrac-
tibus subangulatis, costis moniliformibus subeequalibus cinctis ;
apertura subrotundaté; canali mediocri.

Shaped like several of the preceding ; the typical variety is white,
but another presents a pretty system of beaded ribs, with brown
dots between. The whorls are scarcely angular, and the nodulous
ribs nearly equal. The varieties are numerous. Fig. 81 represents

C. algiecola of Mr. C. B. Adams.

32. CERITHIUM PLANISPIRATUM (pl. elxxx. f. 91), Nodis.

Cerith. testa acuta, alba, C. edwrneo simili, sed anfractibus ad
suturam complanatis.

This is a unique shell in the collection of Mr. Hanley; it is
like C. eburneum, but more acute, and has a flat space above the
angle. Locality unknown.

33. Ceritatum Novaz-Hipern1 (pl. clxxx. f. 84, 85), 4.
Adams. CC. eburneus, Say, Kiener, Icon. pl. 10. f. 2.

Cerith. testa quam C. eburneus breviusculd ; anfractibus angu-
latis, in medio plicato-noduliferis, ultimo planiusculo.

A shorter shell than C. edwrneus, with the whorls angulated by
a larger row of pliciform knobs on the angle. A lateral varix gives
a flatness to the last whorl. Haé. Florida.

34. CERITHIUM TENELLUM (pl. clxxx. f. $8, 89. 90), Nodis.

Cerith. testa pyramidali, levi, nodulis cincté; anfractibus angu-
latis, ad angulum et ad suturam moniliferis ; apertura ovali ; canali
aperto.

Although beaded, this is a smooth shell, with a row of squarish
beads on each whorl at the suture, another at the angle, and one
below, ‘smaller. The varieties are white, pink, and brown-speckled.
Hab. Philippines, H. Cuming.

35. CeRitHtuM ToruLosuM (pl. clxxix. f. 64; pl. clxxx.
f. 92), Linn. (Murex), Syst. Nat. Murex annulatus, Martyn. M.
annularis, Gel.

Cerith. testi albidé, apice livida, costis noduliferis ornata; an-

858

fractibus ad suturam moniliferis, tumidis, anticé spiraliter bicosta-
tis; apertura subexpansi; labio externo laqueato; canali brevi.
Nonnunquam occurrit varietas distorta, anfractibus medio planis,
ad suturam inflatis.

This species is remarkable for its tendency to exaggerate the
natural prominence of the whorls at the suture into a sort of
swelled chord, leaving the greatest part of several whorls plain.
In the specimen figured from Mr. Hanley’s collection the mon-
strosity has occurred and continued for several whorls, and then
the shell has commenced a return to its characteristic sculpture.
Hah. Society Islands, H. Cuming.

36. Cerrrutum rcuinatum (pl. clxxviii. f. 44), Zamk. Anim.
s. vert. Cerith. no. 11. C. mutatum, Sowerby, Gen. of Shells.

Cerith. testa ventricosa, crassa, albida, lineis et punctis spadiceis
aspersa, spiraliter sulcati; anfractibus augulatis, ad angulum tuber-
culis aculeatis adscendentibus magnis armatis, superné subexca-
vatis, ultimo magno, seriebus quinque papillis magnis obtusis
armato; latere antico subcomplanato; labio externo laqueato,
posticé profundé sinuato.

This is the only species answering to Lamarck’s description as
having large upturned spines united with the other characters,
It differs from C. Adansoni in the upturned spines, in the depres-
sion of the upper part of the whorls, and in the comparative
smoothness of the surface. Island of Annaa, Society Islands,

Td aC.

37. Curiraitum Apansont (pl. elxxvii. f. 45), Brag. EH. Met.
t. 1, p. 479; Kien. Mon. Cerith. pl. iv. f. 2.

Cerith. test& ventricosa, striis crassis et papillis acutis muricata ;
anfractibus convexiusculis, in medio angulatis, albo-lutescentibus,
maculis et punctis piceis aspersis; apertura ovata, obliqua, alba ;
canali profundo.

A very ventricose shell, with the whorls divided in the upper
part and armed with spines or papillae. Had. Island of Annaa,
HH. Cuming ; Senegal, H. Adanson.

38. CEriraium munrtom (pl. clxxx. f. 93), Nobis.

Cerith. testé conicd, turrita, alba; anfractibus subangulatis,
pliciferis, spiraliter costatis, ultimo subtrigono, inferné bicarinato,
carinis tuberculis munitis ; apertura subtrigond.

Resembling C. dalteatum, but of a conical form, with two large

859

keels on the lower part of the last whorl armed with large tu-
bercles. Island of Masbate, Philippines, 7. Cuming.

39. CERITHIUM SPATHULIFERUM (pl. clxxx. f. 94), Nodzs.

Cerith. test’ pyramidali, albida, spiraliter lineis elevatis cincti,
longitudinaliter plicis continuis costati ; anfractibus rectis, medio
et inferné spiraliter costis spatuliferis cinctis, ultimo costis acu-
leatis tribus, tuberculis spatuliformibus ; apertura obliqué oval,
posticé canaliculati, anticé canali producto ; labio externo angula-
tim aculeato.

This white species is remarkable for the broad spatulz into
which the spiral keels are formed. ‘The whorls have straight sides,
with a belt of spatulee in the middle, and one below close to the
suture of each: in the last whorl the spatulate keels are more
fully developed. The only specimen known is from the late Mr.
Sowerby’s collection.

40. CeRrrHium umBonatum (pl. clxxx. f. 95), Nodrs.

Cerith. test’ pyramidali, acuta, clavata, fusco variegata ; anfrac-
tibus prope suturam angulatis, ad angulum noduliferis, ultimo
magno; apertura elevata ; labio interno posticé uniplicato ; labio
externo crasso, expanso.

This shell is remarkable for the greater breadth of the last
whorl and aperture. Mr. Cuming’s collection. Jamaica.

41, Crrtratum armatom (pl. clxxix. f. 68; pl. clxxx. f. 96),
Philippi, Abbild. pl. i. f. 9.

Cerith. testA acuminata, variegati; anfractibus gradatis, plani-
usculis, spiraliter moniliferis, prope suturam nodulis magnis _pro-
minentibus armatis; aperturi subquadrati; labio interno posticé
uniplicato.

A very pretty species, remarkable for the prominent row of large
tubercles on the upper angle of the whorls. ad. Island of Ticao,
Philippines, Cuming.

42. Ceriraium Rupewuit (pl. clxxix. £. 65), Philippi, Ab-
bild. pla. tei.

Cerith. testa elongata, fusco variegata, costis noduliferis crebris
armata; aperturd breviuscula ; canali brevi; labio externo subin-
crassato, crenulato.

A graceful shell, spotted with brown and ornamented by beaded
ribs, which are angulated in the centre. Locality unknown. Mr.
Cuming’s collection.

860

43. CERITHIUM NIGRO-PUNCTATUM (pl. clxxx. f. 97), Nobis.
Cerith. testa elongata, acuta, flavidi, nodulis nigris in seriebus
subdistantibus ornaté; apertura parva, subquadrata ; canali aperto.
Rather long and sharp, with several rows of black nodules on
each whorl. Mr. Hanley’s and Mr. Metcalfe’s collection. Locality
unknown.

44, CERITHIUM SUTURALE (pl. clxxvii. f. 52, 53), Philippi,
Abbild. Cerith. t. 1. f. 4.

“Cerith. testi turrité, plicis longitudinalibus, lineis elevatis
transversis, nodisque acutis muricati, fulvé, ad suturam nigra,
granulis biserialibus im cingulo nigro; plicis circa octo in quovis
anfractu, medio acuté angulatis; liris granulatis in basi; aper-
turd ovata; labro subeffuso, intis sulcato; canali brevi.”

The angulated plicee on the whorls are comparatively regular
and distinct, and the suture has a line of black upon it, otherwise
this species is not very different from C. dialeucum. Mr. Cuming
has it from the same place, namely, Island of Ticao, Philippines.

45, CERITHIUM DIALEUCUM (pl. clxxx. f. 98, 99), Philippi,
Abbild. pl. i. f. 5, var.; PAid. Abbild. pl. i. f. 4.

“Cerith. testA turrita, plicis longitudinalibus circa novem et
decem, liris elevatis transversis, nodisque subacutis muricaté, pur-
pureo; rufa, liris transversis albis in basi frequentibus granulatis ;
apertura ovat; labro intus sulcato; canali breviusculo.”

A pretty species, with large distant plice crossed by granular
ridges, the interstices being coloured with a darker tint. ad.
Island of Ticao, Philippines.

46. Ceriruium renestratum (pl. clxxx. f. 100), Modes.
Cerith. pyramidali, varicosa, albi, interstitiis fuscis ; anfractibus
longitudinaliter plicatis, spiraliter striatis, interstittis depressis ;
apertura rotunda ; canali distincto.
The hollow intervals between the longitudinal plicee and spiral
elevated striz, give a cancellated appearance to this species, which
is in Mr. Cuming’s collection. Locality unknown.

47. Cerrruium turrirom (pl. clxxx. f. 101), Nodzs.

Cerith. test& clevata, pallidé fulva, cancellaté ; anfractibus sub-
rotundis, sutura excavata ; apertura brevi; canali rubro, truncato,
recurvo.

Of a pale yellowish-brown colour, strengthened at the recurved

861

canal and on the varices; this species has its whorls cancellated
by curved ribs crossed with elevated lines (the upper ones most
strongly), and the whorls are separated by a hollow suture. Island
of Bureas, Philippine, H. Cuming.

48. Curiraium serorina (pl. clxxx. f. 102), 4. Adams.

Cerith. testa elongato-turrita, pallidé fulv’; anfractibus nume-
rosis, medianis subventricosis, longitudinaliter plicatis, spiraliter
striatis, ultimo subcontracto, ad aperturam expanso ; apertura cir-
culari ; labio externo expanso; canali contracto, brevi, recto.

A beautifully formed turreted shell, a little swelled in the centre,
with numerous short whorls, the last of which is contracted on one
side, but expanded towards the aperture. There is a peculiar con-
traction close to the canal, at the lower part of the body-whorl.
In Mr. Cuming’s collection, from Van Diemen’s Land.

49. Crrirutum rHopostoma (pl. clxxx. f. 103), 4. Adams.
Cerith. testa C. seroting simili sed breviusculd ; anfractu ultimo
al aperturam vix expauso.
A shorter shell than C. sero¢ina, with fewer whorls and the last
not so expanded at the aperture. ‘The shell is in Mr. Cuming’s
collection ; probably from the same locality as C. serotina.

50. Ceriruium rostratum (pl. clxxx. f. 104), Modis.

Cerith. testi fusiform, tenui, pallida, costata, inter costas linea-
tim rubro-punctata ; anfractibus in medio ventricosis, ultimo con-
tracto ; apertura rotunda ; labio externo expanso, varicoso ; canali
producto, nigro.

Tlus pretty little fusiform species has the middle whorls swelled
and ribbed with little red linear spots between the ribs. The last
whorl is contracted, but the outer lip is expanded and varicose.
The canal is long, and tipped with black. The typical variety is
in Mr. Cuming’s collection, from the Philippines. That. collec-
tion also contains a specimen from Lord Hood’s Island, which
resembles it, excepting that the canal is not produced; the mouth
is not fully formed.

51. Ceriruium rAvipum (pl. clxxx. f. 105), Phzlippi, Ab-
bild. Cerith. t. 1. f. 8.

Cerith. testa fusiformi, fusca, fasciaté; anfractibus costatis et
spiraliter acuté sulcatis, ultimo lata; canali elongato, paululum
recurvo, truncato ; apertura expansi; labio externo univaricoso.

Taken by Mr. Cuming in sandy mud at Cagayan, Misamis,

862

Island of Mindanao, Philippines, and remarkable for the fusiform
shape produced by the size of the last whorl and the length of the
canal,

52. CERITHIUM FUSIFORME (pl. clxxx. f. 106, 107), Nodis.

Cerith. test fusiformi, C. ba/teato simili, sed anfractibus in me-
dio angulatis, plicis albis, canali obliqua.

A more fusiform shell than C. dalteatum. The whorls are an-
gulated in the centre. A pretty reddish-brown colour is interrupted
by the winte plicee. Philippines, HZ. Cuming.

53. Cerirarum Muscarvm (pl. clxxx. f. 108, 109, 110), Say,
American Conchology, pl. 59. f. 2

Cerith. testa elongato-turrita, albidd, longitudinaliter nodoso-
plicata, inter plicas spiraliter lineatim nigro punctata ; anfractibus
ventricosis, ultimo subtis unicarinato ; aperturd subovali; canali
torto, subproducto ; labio externo angulato.

This beautiful species is distinguished by the spiral rows of
blackish or reddish dots between the ribs and a keel at the lower
part of the whorls. Lord Hood’s Island, Mr. Cuming ; south
shores of Florida, Say.

54. Curiraium pLanum (pl. clxxxi. f. 111, 112, 113,), An-
ton. Philippi. Abbild. t. 1. f. 18.

Cerith. testé pupaeformi, alba vel castaneo fasciata, spiraliter stri-
ati; anfractibus numerosis, rectis, longitudinaliter forte plicatis ;
apice livido ; ultimo anfractu ad basin spiraliter unicariato, exca-
vato; canali recto; apertura subtrigona.

The numerous plicated whorls are straight-sided, the last bemg
girt with a spiral ridge, under which it is excavated. The canal
is straight, and nearly closed. Philippines, H. Cuming.

55. Cerrriium satesrosvum (pl. clxxxi. f. 114,115), Modis.

Cerith. test elongato-turrita, scabrosd, alb’, nonnunquam fusco

variegata; anfractibus pliciferis et granulatim costatis, ad suturam
clevatis, ultimo infern’ bicarinato ; canali obliquo.

The sculpture resembles that of C. asperum in the Veriapee
group; it is rough and rasp-like. The whorls are elevated near
the sutures, the last having two beaded keels. Hab. Lord Hood’s
Island.

56. Cerrruium BaLreatum (pl. clxxxi. f. 116, 117), PAi-
lip, Abbild. t. 1. f. 10.

Cerith. testa fusiformi, turrita, alba, rubro vel fusco fasciata,

spiraliter striata; anfractibus numerosis plicatis subventricosis, ul-
timo inferné bicarinato ; canali recto.

The shape is more fusiform than in C. planum, and the whorls
more ventricose. The lower part of the last whorl is slightly bi-
carinated, and more gradually terminated. Philippines, A. Cumang.

57. Currrutum coronatum (pl. clxxxi. f. 118), Wodis.

Cerith. testa C. Zalteato simili, sed canali validiore, anfractibus
prope suturam nodulis albis prominentibus coronata.

This is like C. Galteatum, but has a row of white tubercles on
the whorls near the suture. Philippines, H. Cuming.

58. CerirHiuM ERtEnsE (pl. clxxxi. f. 119), Valenciennes.

Cerith. testa nigra, elevati, mitreeformi; anfractibus costis gra-
nuliferis quatuor cinctis; sutwrd excavaté; apertura brevi, alba.

A black, long shell, with four granulated ribs on each whorl.
Honduras Bay, IZ. Dyson. Mr. Cuming’s collection.

59. CurirHium coratiium (pl. clxxix. f. 63), Kiener, Sp.
de Coq. Cerith. p. 32, pl. 8, f. 3.

Cerith. testa elongata, fusco-nigrescente, longitudinaliter pli-
caté ; suturd excavati; anfractibus spiraliter tricostatis costis no-
duliferis ; apertura ovali; labio externo crasso denticulato, labio
interno posticé uniplicato; canali brevissimo.

A long, granulated, ribbed, dark-coloured shell, consisting of
many whorls, which are separated by a grooved suture; three
grained, spiral ribs cross the longitudinal plice. Lo Io, Island
of Panay, Philippines, H. Cuming.

60. Ceriraium GRranosum (pl. clxxxi. f. 123, 124), Kvener,
Sp. de Coq. Cerith. pl. 4. f. 3.

Cerith. testi C. coralli simillima, sed magis conici, breviore,
apertura magis rhomboidea.

If this be really distinct from C. corallium, the distinction con-
sists in the shorter and more conical form, and in the greater
angularity of the aperture. Australia.

61. Crriratum rictum (pl. clxxxi. f. 121), Wood, Ind. test.
Supp. pl. 5. f. 2-4. C. heteroclites, Lamk. Cerith. no. 24?

Cerith. testa solid, lata, alba, fusco-nigrescente pictd, spiraliter
striata ; anfractibus noduloso-plicatis, angulatis; apertura bicana-
liculaté, subrotunda.

This shell is slightly striated, rather ventricose, and beautifully
pated with dark brown. Locality unknown.

dU

864

62. CrrirHium pusium (pl. clxxxi. f. 120), Nobis.

Cerith. testa pyramidali, fulva; anfractibus angulatis, ventri-
cosis, ad angulum pliciferis, subtts ad suturam moniliferis, ultimo
subtis unicarinato ; carina rubro punctata ; apertura subquadrata ;
canali breviusculo.

We describe this provisionally, from a single and not quite
complete specimen in Mr. Cuming’s collection from Van Diemen’s
Land. The whorls are angulated and pliciferous in the centre,
beaded at the suture; the last with a beaded keel, red spots be-
tween the beads.

63. Crrrrutum Nova#-Hotianpi# (pl. clxxvi. f. 54), A.
Adams, MS.

Cerith. testé pyramidali, ad suturam, aperturam et apicem alba,
ad medium anfractuum fusco variegaté; anfractibus ad suturam
inflatis et nodulosis, medio spiraliter striatis et costis interruptis
nodulosis cinctis; aperturd paulultiim elevata, superné uniplicata,
anticé subangulaté; canali brevi, obliquo.

The suture of this shell is bordered by a white, swelled, nodu-
lous band, and the other part of the whorls is girt by two or three
beaded and spotted ribs, only one of which is visible in the upper
whorls. New Holland, Mr. Cuming’s collection.

64, Ceriraium vuLeatum (pl. clxxvui. f. 43; pl. clxxix. f.
67), Brug., EH. M.no. 13. Strombus nodosus, Schrwt. Murex alu-
coides, Oliv. Cerithium thymetus, Meusch., fid. Morch. C. vulga-
¢um Variis spinosa, tuberculata, nodulosa, plicata, gracilis.

Cerith. test& turrité, plerumque ventricosi, grised vel fulva,
uigro vel fusco variegati, plerumque obtusé echinata, spiraliter
striati; anfractibus tuberculatis, super angulum subexcavatis ;
aperturd magna, ovali; canali brevi, aperto.

The species is common in the Mediterranean, and it is with dif-
ficulty that one recognizes the identity between the several varie-
ties, particularly the extremely narrow one, f. 67.

65. Ceriraium susnoposum (pl. clxxvin. f. 47), 4. Adams.

Cerith. testi elevata, solid, pallida, fusco varid; anfractibus
acuté plicato-nodulosis, striatis ; apertura ovali; margine simplici.

This shell nearly resembles the narrower varieties of C. vu/gatum,
but it is of a different texture and lighter colour. The specimen
figured is in Mr. Cuming’s collection from New Holland.

865

66. CertTHtum minutUM (pl. clxxxi. f. 122), Phidippi, Knum.
Moll. Sic.

Cerith. test4 parva, tenui, striata, echinata, alba, castaneo varie-
gata; anfractibus angulatis, nodulis acutis cinctis.

This little shell differs so much in texture, form, and size from
C. vulgatum, that we cannot refrain from following those who have
considered it distinct. Mediterranean.

67. Certratum Mepirerraneum (pl. clxxxi. f. 125, 131,
182, 133; pl. clxxvin. f.50), Desh., 2nd ed.; Lamk., An.s. vert.
t. 9, p. 292 nota. C. fuscatum, Costa, Philippi, non Linn.

Cerith. testa parva, solida, subventricosa, laevigata, leviter striata,
griseo-viridescente, fusco-rubescente minuté variegata ; anfractibus
ad angulum nodulosis, ultimo magno versus aperturam contracto ;
apertura parva, posticé margine excavato incrassato rubro-lineato.
Oceurrit var. enode, rugosa.

Much smoother than C. vadgatum, less tuberculated, and with
the aperture of a different form. Mediterranean. Mr. Hanley’s
cabinet. A variety occurs which is destitute of the angular knobs.

68. Certraium musicum (pl. clxxxi. f. 130), Nobis.

Cerith. testa parva, ventricosi, nigro-lineat’; anfractibus angu-
latis, acuté tuberculatis, ultimo magno; aperturd magna, intts
flavida.

This species differs from C. Mediterraneum in the large space
occupied by the last whorl; it is smooth, and marked across by
neat lines, as if ruled for music. Mr. Hanley and Mr. Cuming
have the species, which is from Cape de Verd.

69. Ceriraium oceLiatum (pl. clxxix. f. 59, 77), Brug.,
Dict. H. M. Certth. 43. C. irroratum, Gould. C. interruptum,
ibid.

Cerith. testé conico-turrita, migra, tuberculis et punctis albis
depressis ornataé; anfractibus angulatis, ultimis ventricosis ; aper-
turd subquadrata; canali brevi, lato, truncato.

A black, ventricose shell, having tubercles, and between the
strize and tubercles rows of depressed white pits. Gulf of Cali-
fernia, Gould ; Gallapagos, MS. label.

70. Ceritaium apustum (pl. clxxvii. f. 48), Kzener, Sp. de
Coq. p. 37. no. 26; pl. 13. f. 2. now C. maculosum, Avener.

Cerith. testA ventricosi, obscuré nigrescente variegata, striata ;

866

anfractibus vix tuberculatis, prope suturam tumidis; apertura
magna, postice contracté; labio interno plici und magna.

A thick, rather smooth, ventricose, obscurely clouded species,
with the upper part of the aperture contracted, and a large fold at
the back of the imner lip. Gallapagos Island, H. Cuming.

71. Cerrruium Neputosum (pl. clxxix. f. 60), Modis. C.
maculosum, Avener.

Cerith. testa C. adusto simili, sed tuberculis magnis acutis ar-
mata.

In form like C. adustum, but having large acute tubercles on
the angle of the whorls, and two rows on the middle of the last
whorl. Had. Gallapagos Island, H. Cuming. The name C. macu-
losum is occupied by a species belonging to the Vertayus group.

72. Crriraium caruLeum (pl. elxxix. f. 61, 62), Wodvs.
C. tuberculatum, Lamk.; Kiener, non Linn.

Cerith. testa crass, ventricosa, grisea, nigro maculata, tuberculis
magnis rotundatis ; anfractibus angulatis, ultimo magno ; labio ex-
terno crasso.

This very thick, roughly tuberculated, bluish species is spotted
with black. It is from the Red Sea, and quite distinct from C.
tuberculatum of Linneeus.

73. Ceriraium Guinatcum (pl. clxxxi. f. 126, 127), Phil.
Abbild. t. 1. £. 18.

Cerith. test4 ventricosé, minuté striaté, alb’, epidermide fusca
viridescente partim indutd; anfractibus ad suturam tumidis, plicis
magnis undulatis, interstitiis fusco lineatis.

Nearly all the colour is contained in the epidermis, which
clothes the lower part of the whorls, leaving the upper part white,
with very few brown spots or lines. The whorls are tumid near
the sutures, and undulated with large tubercles. Had. Coast of
Guinea, L’ Argilhere ; Lord Hood’s Island, H. Cuming.

74. CeriraHium LiTreratum (pl. clxxxi. f. 128, 129), Born,
Ind. Mus. Ces. p. 328. t. 11. f. 14, 15.

Cerith. testé ventricos’, conicd, granoso-striata, alba, griseo vel
rubro punctis quadratis tessellati; anfractibus prope umbones
angulati et tuberculis armaté, ultimo magno; apertura magna,
subpyriformi, posticé angulata, anticé rotundata ; labio interno uni-
plicato, labio externo subexpanso ; canali brevi.

The well-known West Indian shell, tessellated with square

867

reddish or brown spots, and having a row of pointed tubercles on
the upper part of the whorls, close to the suture.

75. CERITHIUM SEMIFERRUGINEUM (pl. clxxix. f. 75, 76),
Lamarck. C. tuberculatum, Sows. Gen.

Cerith. test C. Zitterato simili, sed levigati, magis tuberculata,
colore variegata.

Although this species is also West Indian, and its form gene-
rally resembling that of C. tteratum, it differs in being smooth
between the tubercles, which are more numerous and prominent ;
it is not tessellated, but the colours are laid on in irregular
patches.

76. Ceriraium Prperitum (pl. clxxxi. f. 136, 137), Nodis.
C. punctatum, Brug. HK. Met. no. 40; Lamk. no. 34; Kien. Sp.
de Coq. p. 48. no. 35. pl. 16. f. 14.

Cerith. testa turrita, varicosd, transversim striata, alba, rubro
aut fusco punctata; anfractibus medio stria obsoleté tuberculata
instructis, ultimo basi lined alba cincto.

A pretty little species, with black or dark brown spots on
slightly raised rounded strie. Hab. Senegal, Zam. Smooth
variety. Philippines, Cuming. The name punctatum was pre-
occupied by a Linnean species.

77. CERITHIUM TESSELLATUM (pl. clxxxi. f. 133, 134), Nodzs.

Cerith. test ventricosd, brevi, alba, punctis quadratis fasciatim
tessellaté, mmuté granulata ; varicibus albis ; anfractibus subventri-
cosis, ultimo magno; apertura ovali; labio interno violascente,
labio externo crenulato incrassato.

A beautiful, small, ventricose, minutely granulated white shell,
tessellated with rows of square reddish-brown spots. Mr. Cum-
ing’s collection from Darnley’s Island, Australia, Jukes.

78. Ceriraium porsvosum (pl. clxxxi. f. 138, 139, 140),
A. Adams, med.

Cerith. testa crassa, dorso elevaté, subventricosé, subconica,
leviter striata, nigro vel griseo maculaté; anfractibus planulatis ;
apertura bicanaliculata, ad spiram elevata, subtrigond; labio in-
terno posticé calloso ; canali brevissimo.

Thick, conical, ventricose, and remarkable for the elevation of
the dorsal part of the whorls. The aperture is rather trigonal,
and elevated towards the spire. Misamis, Island of Mindanao,
Philippines, HZ. Cuming.

868

79. CerITHIUM OBEsUM (pl. clxxxi. f. 141, 142), Nodvs.

Cerith. test’ crassa, ventricosi, striaté, nigro vel griseo macu-
lata, ad suturas undulata; apertura magna, subtrigona ; labio in-
terno anticé brevissimo, posticé calloso ; canali brevissimo.

Much more ventricose than C. dorswosum, the whorls undulated
near the suture, and the back not so remarkably raised. Had.
Island of Bohol, Philippines, Cuming.

80. Cerrrarum scuptum (pl. clxxxu. f. 144, 145), Nobis.

Cerith. testa parva, solida, ventricos4, fusco-nigrescente varie-
gata, spiraliter costellis planulatis, crenulatis, et interstitiis linea-
ribus cincté ; anfractibus rotundatis, ultimo magno; apertura ro-
tundata ; canali breve; labio externo crenulato fimbriato.

A small, solid, darkly variegated, grooved shell, of a rather
conical form, with rounded whorls. Locality unknown.

81. Ceriraium Lutvosum (pl. clxxxi. f. 146, 147, 148),
Menke. C. mutabile, C. B. Adams, incluso.

Cerith. test&é parva, brevi, grised, nigro variegatd, ventricosi,
longitudinaliter et spiraliter granosi; aperturad subrotunda; canali
brevissimo.

A very little, black, mottled, short, ventricose shell, granulated
by the crossing of sulci in each direction. Jamaica. Fig. 147 is
from a small shell in Mr. Hanley’s collection, which may possibly
be distinct. Fig. 148 represents C. mutabile.

82. CreritHtum Savi (pl. clxxxii. f. 149, 150, 151), Menke.
CO. nigra, Zotten, Silliman’s Journ. xviii. 352. f. 8. C. reticulatum,
Totten, Siliman’s Journ. xxvi. 369. pl. 1. f. 7. C. Lota, Gould ?

Cerith. testé, parva, subconici, brevi, nigra, cancellati, costis
longitudinalibus et striis elevatis cancellaté, suturd excavata.

Very small, black, conical, cancellated by longitudinal ribs and
spiral raised lines. Continent of North America. C. Jota, Gould,
is represented by figure 151.

83. CErRITHIUM INCcISuM (pl. clxxxu. f. 152), Nobis.

Cerith. testa elongata, spiraliter inciso-sulcata, fusco-viridescente,
nigro maculata ; anfractibus subventricosis, gradatim crescentibus,
propé suturam angulatim subelevatis; apertura magni; labio in-
terno posticé uniplicato, anticé in canalem distinctum terminato ;
labio externo laqueato.

Mr. Cuming’s collection contains several specimens from Aus-
tralia, and one collected by himself in the Philippines. It is a

869

shell with rounded whorls, crossed by deeply cut grooves. The
aperture is very remarkable in form; it has a posterior canal,
formed by a prominent fold, and a very distinct anterior canal, the
columella terminating abruptly. The aperture is expanded and
fringed ; colour greenish, with black spots.

84. Creritutum curtum (pl. clxxxii. f. 153, 154), Nodvs.
Cerith. testa C. czeiso simili, sed spird longé breviore ; anfrac-
tibus paucis.
The specimen is in Mr. Metcalfe’s collection, and may possibly
be a variety of C. cnciswm ; but the spire is so much shorter m
proportion, that we are compelled to give it a separate name.

85. Certraium Gatiapaeinis (pl. elxxxu. f. 155, 156), A.
Adams (Tympanotus).

Cerith. testa subovali, fusco-nigrescente, sulcis spiralibus et costis
longitudinalibus moniliferis minute granulaté; anfractibus octo
gradatim crescentibus subangulatis ; apertura subovali; canali bre-
vissimo.

A small, darkly coloured species, brought from the Gallapagos
by Mr. Cuming. It is granulated by ribs and grooves in both
directions ; the middle whorls are rather angulated.

86. CERITHIUM BREVICULUM (pl. clxxxi. f. 143), Sowerby,
Genera of Shells, Cerith. f. 1.

Cerith. testa brevissima, ventricosa, spiraliter striata, seriatim
tuberculata, nigra vel grisea, nigro maculata; spira brevi; apertura
: g : : ,
magna; labio externo acuté denticulato, ultimo anfractu inferné
varicoso.
A very short, ventricose, tuberculated shell, brought by Mr.
Cuming from the Philippimes, and occurring in other collections.

_ 87. Crriturum Mercatret (pl. clxxxu. f. 157, 158), Nodis.

Cerith. testa ventricosi, brevi, spiraliter striata, seriatim tuber-
culata, grised, ad apicem flavidd, tuberculis nigrescentibus, ad
dorsum elevatéi; apertura magna; labio externo crasso, albo, cre-
nulato.

Resembling C. dreviculum, but of a rather different shape. The
back is raised, and the aperture is thickened within. The only

specimen we have seen is the one figured from Mr. Metcalfe’s
collection.

88. Crerrrutum Bornir (pl. clxxxi. f. 175), Nodcs. Cerith.
tuberculatum, Born, Ind. Mus. Cees. non Linn.

870

Cerith. testa nigrA vel griseo-nigrescente, crassa, brevi, ventri-
cosa, striata’; anfractibus tuberculorum magnorum seriebus duabus
armatis ; apertura magna ; labio interno brevissimo ; canali brevis-
simo.

This is not the 8. ¢ubercudatus of Linneus. The upper whorls
have two rows of large, distant tubercles. Island of Seychelles.

89. Ceriraium morus (pl. clxxxi. f. 159, 160, 161), Lamh.
Hist. Nat. An. s. vert.

Cerith. test brevi, crassi, ventricosa, seriebus tribus tubercu-
lata, nigra vel fusco-nigrescente, vel grisea nigro maculata; spird
brevi ; anfractibus paucis ; apertura subovali ; labio externo crasso,
crenulato; canali brevissimo.

The light-coloured shell, fig. 159, is from Mr. Metcalfe’s col-
lection, and slightly resembles the Strombus tuberculatus of Lin-
neus. ‘The variety, fig. 161, is Mr. Hanley’s. The dark shell,
fig. 160, may be considered typical; dark tubercles, corresponding
in form and sculpture with C. morus of Bruguicre and Lamarck.
Hab. Red Sea and Madagascar.

90. Cerrruium tuBrrcuLatum (pl. clxxxu. f. 162, 164),
Linnaeus, Syst. Nat. no. 544. C. carbonarum, Philippi.

Cerith. test4 breviuscula, striata, nigra, vel grisea nigro macu-
lata; tuberculis nigris seriatim ornata.

The tubercles are distinct and nearly black, with sharp stric be-
tween them. Tig. 162 is from the original specimen in Linnzeus’s
collection. The better preserved specimen, with more irregularly
coloured beading, was obtained by Mr. Cuming at the Island of
Panay, Philippines.

91. Ceriratum Monitirerum (pl. clxxxu. f. 163, 165),
Kiener, Sp. Coq. pl. 16. f. 3.

Cerith. testa ovali, subventricos’, solid’, ad apicem gradatim
attenuata, tuberculis ovatis elevatis in seriebus tribus depositis, in-
terstitiis striatis; apertura ovali; labio externo crenulato, labio
interno utrinque plicato.

Of a regular, oval form, tapering at the end, and distinguished
from C. tuberculatum by the depth of its tubercles, which are
arranged in rows so as to form ribs in both directions, and by the
striee between the ribs. Collected at Lo Ilo, Island of Panay, Phi-
lippines, by Mr. Cuming.

92. Crrirntum variecatum (pl. clxxxi. f. 166, 167, 168,
169), Quoy, Voy. de V Astr. pl. 55. f. 17.

871

Cerith. testé pupeeformi, irregulari, breviuscula, irregulariter
3 te) 3 ? g

monilifera, varié picté ; anfractibus medio subventricosis ; apertura
plerumque contracti, albi vel purpurea.

Rather variously coloured, pupzform, irregularly beaded, with

2 I ‘ S)
the last whorl and aperture generally contracted, sometimes purple.
a pe a het dia putt

Mr. Cuming has many varieties from the Philippines.

93. Certratum Traut (pl. clxxxu. f. 173, 174), Nodis.

Cerith. testi C. variegato simili, sed solidiore, magis pyramidali,
labio externo crasso.

This is like some varieties of C. variegatum, but it is more re-
gularly formed and pyramidal, and does not show the same ten-
dency to contract in the lower whorls. Singapore, JZ. Traill.

94, CerirHium peTrosum (pl. clxxxu. f. 171, 172), Wood,
Supp. pl. 4. £ 9.
Cerith. testa C. variegato simili, sed ventricos4, anfractibus
tuberculatis.
Much shorter and more ventricose than C. variegatum, with large
tubercles on the upper part of the whorls. East Indian Archi-

pelago.
95. Ceriraium inrLatum (pl. clxxxu.f.170), Quoy et Gai-

mard, Voy. de l’Astr. t. 3. p. 180, pl. 55. £10; Kien. pl. 7.f. 1;
Cerith. Billeheusti ? Petit, Journ. de Conch.

Cerith. test ovato-ventricosa, tuberculosd, subplicata, tenuis-
Day : A : A A A a
simé transversim striata, nigrd; apertura ampla, subrotunda, albo
et fusco striata; canali brevi, truncato.

The figure is copied from Kiener. Africa.

96. CeritHium rerrucinevM (pl. clxxxui. f. 176, 177, 178),
Say, Amer. Conch. pl. 49, f. 2; C. variabile e¢ C. versicolor, C.
B. Adams, inclusis ?
Cerith. test parva, fuscd, longitudinaliter plicata, spiraliter no-
dulis nigrescentibus cincté ; apertura parva; labio externo crasso.
A rather narrow, but solid shell, with darkly coloured tubercles
in spiral rows on the longitudinal plicee. Hab. America. We can-
not distinguish the species of the other American author, excepting
as varieties. The specimens, fig. 176 and 178, are in Mr, Hanley’s
collection. Fig. 177, from Mr. Cuming’s collection, represents
C. versicolor, C. B. Adams.

97. Curiruium patuLtum (pl. clxxix. f. 74), Nobis.

Cerith. test’ irregulariter varicosi, dorso elevatd, brevi, fuscé ;
By ox

$72

anfractibus seriebus duabus tuberculatis ; apertura alba, patula ;
labio interno uniplicato.

Resembling carbonarwm, but a more solid shell, with the aper-
ture spread, and the canal longer. Ilo Tlo, Island of Panay, Phi-
lippines, H. Cuming.

98. Cerirnium aLrernatum (pl. clxxix. f. 70, 73, and pl.
elxxxil. f. 179), Nodis.

Cerith. testi subventricosi, albi seu alternatim albo et fusco
fasciaté; anfractibus subangulatis, costis nodulosis et interstitiis
striatis cinctis; apertura ovali; canali brevi; labio interno ple-
rumque violaceo.

This pretty species is either all white, or it has white beaded
ribs, with brown bands in the interstices. //ad. Island of Ticao,
Philippines, H. Cuming.

99. CrrirHium PurRPURASCENS (pl. clxxxii. f. 182-186),
Nobis.

Cerith. test& ventricosd, nodulis acutis armati, maculis seriatim
variegati; anfractibus angulatis, ad angulum tuberculis acutis
magnis, ad suturam et in medio tuberculis parvis rotundatis cinc-
tis, ultimo ventricoso ; aperturé magna; labio interno medio pur-
pureo, posticé uniplicato, labio externo uncinato.

The form is rather ventricose, with angulated whorls. The
spiral ribs are armed with sharp nodules, behind each of which, in
some varieties, there is a brown spot. The aperture is large, with
a purple spot on the columellar lip. The brown and black-spotted,
or lineated varieties, are Mr. Cuming’s, from the Philippines; the
red-spotted and black varieties are Mr. Hanley’s.

100. Cerrruium nitripum (pl. clxxxii. f. 180, 181), Nodis.

Cerith. testé C. purpurascenti simili, sed crassiore, angustiore,
nodulis depressis; colore fusco, rubescente nonnunquam lineato.

Lip ventricose, more solid, and with the nodules more depressed
and moniliform than C. purpurascens. Mr. Cuming collected the
species at the Island of Bohol, Phihppines. Mr. Hanley and Mr.

Metcalfe also have specimens.

101. Cerrrnium spLenpDENs (pl. clxxxi. f. 191), Nodis.

Cerith. testé pyramidali, acuta, grisescente ; anfractibus angu-
latis, costis acute noduliferis et nigro-punctatis cinctis; canali
mediocri.

Of an acute pyramidal form, with sharply armed ribs, which are
marked between the nodules with black or dark brown spots. The

873

specimen figured is Mr. Hanley’s. Mr. Cuming also has the spe-
cies from St. Nicholas, Island of Zebu, Philippines.

102. Cerrratum rusus (pl. elxxxii. f. 188, 189), Martyn
(Clava), Univ. Conch. pl. 28. Murex serratus, Wood, Ind. test.
pl. 28. f. 158. C. rubus, Desh.

Cerith. testa fusiformi, fusco-grisescente interlineata, costis spi-
ralibus nodulis elevatis acuté angulatis armata.

The spiral and generally white ribs of this species are armed
with produced points, almost amounting to spines.

103. Crrtrutum Exmium (pl. clxxxvin. f. 192), Mobos.

Cerith. testA quam C. rubus magis elevata, ultimo anfractu sub-
contracta, colore pallidiore.

More elevated than C.rwbus, with the last whorl more contracted ;
the colour is paler, but the sculpture is similar. From Ceylon,
Layard. Cuming’s collection.

104, CerirHiumM MITRarorME (pl. clxxxin. f. 190), Nodes.

Cerith. testa subfusiformi, fusco interlineata, costis minuté moni-
liformibus albis cincté, ad suturam albo fasciatd ; apertura ovali ;
canali lato, truncato.

Shaped like C. rubus, but more finely and less acutely sculp-
tured, having a white band close to the suture. The only speci-
men is in Mr. Cuming’s collection. Locality unknown.

105. Cerrruium Gemma (pl. elxxvi. f. 51), Nodis.

Cerith. test& breviuscula, alba, nigro super costas maculata, ad
apicem livida ; anfractibus spiraliter bicostatis ; costis nodulis acutis
armatis, varicibus albis ; apertura parva, ovali, alb&; canali brevi.

This beautiful little shell is in Mr. Cuming’s collection, from
Puteao, Island of Luzon, Philippines. It has sharply beaded
spiral ribs, some of which are defined in squares by black spots.

106. Ceriruium Lemniscatum (pl. clxxxii. f. 187), Quoy,
Voy. Astr. pl. 54. f. 16-18.

Cerith. test’ breviuscula, alb4, castaneo fasciaté; anfractibus
numerosis angulatis, acute tuberculatis, post angulum fasciatum ;
labio externo crasso.

This species, in form resembling C. ferragineum, has the tuber-
cles sharp, and besides two brown bands on the lower part, has a
broad band on the upper part, close to the suture. Mr. Cuming
has the species from St. Nicholas, Island of Zebu, Philippines.
Mr. Hanley also has a specimen.

874

107. Ceriratum rucosum (pl. clxxxin. f. 195, 196, 197),
Wood, Suppl. pl. 4. f. 10. C. breve, Quoy, Voy. Ast. pl. 54. f.
9-12.

Cerith. testé breviusculd, crass’, irregulariter varicos4, costis
tuberculatis obtusis et plicis longitudinalbus quasi cancellata,
grisea vel alba, nigro vel rubro variegati.

Short, coarsely tuberculated, and as it were cancellated, irre-
gularly varicose, thick, variegated. Philippines.

108. Crriratum virratum (pl. clxxxi. f. 194), Nodzs.

Cerith. testé crassi, brevi, albo et rufo alternatim spiraliter
fasciata, longitudinaliter plicata, spiraliter striaté; apertura parva ;
labio externo crasso teeniato. ,

This species is spirally banded by ribbons of alternate white
and brown ; it is short, thick, longitudinally ribbed and spirally
striated. The aperture is small, with the outer lip thick and
prettily banded. I have only seen specimens in Mr. Metcalfe’s
and Mr. Hanley’s collection.

109. Cerrratum Hanteyi (pl. clxxxii. f. 193), Wodzs.

Cerith. test& conicd, parva, albi, castaneo bifasciaté, minuté
seriatim moniliferi; apertura subtrigond; canali brevi.

White and brown banded, conical, and minutely beaded. This
pretty little shell belongs to Mr. Hanley.

110. Cerrruium Brrascratum (pl. elxxxii. f. 198), Nodrs.
Cerith. testé C. rugoso simili, sed regulari, acuté striati, alba,
rufo bifasciata.
Not so irregular nor so coarse as C. rugosa, the striz more
sharply cut, and the whorls regularly banded with brown. St.
Nicholas, Island of Zebu, Philippines, HZ. Cuming. Mr. Hanley

has a specimen.

111. Cerrritum RuBRo-LINEATUM (pl. clxxxii. f. 199), Nodzs.

Cerith. testa ventricosi, C. monilifero simili, sed lineis rubris
spiralibus continuis undulatis.

In form like C. moniliferum, but instead of the coloured bead-

ings there are continuous red-beaded lines. Mr. Metcalfe’s ca-
binet.

112. Cerrruium crassiLaBrum (pl. clxxxii. f. 202, 203),
Krauss, Sud. Moll. t. 6. f. 10.

Cerith. testa parva, conic’, minute striata, striis moniliformibus

875

punctatis; apertura magni; labio externo crasso, variat fusco
fasciato.

Like a Nassa in form, conical and pointed, with raised strie,
which are beaded and spotted with dark brown. One variety has
a broad brown band in the centre of the whorls. In Mr. Cuming’s
collection from Port Natal.

113. CerirHium RARIMACULATUM (pl. clxxxi. f. 204), Nodes.

Cerith. testa parva, elongata, albA, maculis rubescentibus picta ;
anfractibus angulatis tuberculiferis.

A small white shell, with elevated spire, the whorls angulated
with a row of tubercles on the angle. Reddish-brown spots mark
the lower part of the whorls. Island of Zebu, Philippines. /.
Cuming.

114. Currrutum Nassorpe (pl. clxxxii. f. 200, 201), Nobis.

Cerith. testi parva, ventricos4, minuté striati, alba, prope su-
turam rubro maculaté; anfractibus prope suturam angulatis, ul-
timo magno ; labio lineato.

A neat little shell, shaped lke a Nassa, very prettily marked

with red or black near the suture. It is in Mr. Cuming’s collec-
tion, brought by Dr. Newcombe from the Sandwich Islands.

115. Cerrrurum nivosum (pl. clxxxii. f. 205), Nodis.

Cerith. testé parva, alba, subventricosa, seriatim acuté nodosum,
ad suturam moniliformi.

A very small white shell, shaped lke a Nassa ; it is delicately
beaded in series on the whorls, with a more prominent beading at
the suture. Mr. Hanley’s collection. Locality unknown.

116. Ceriraium FLAMMIcULATUM (pl. clxxxii. f. 206), Vodis.

Cerith. testa brevi, grised, rufo-nigrescente flammiculati, medio
subventricosi, anfractibus seriebus tribus rotundatim granosi,
ultimo ventricoso ; apertura subtrigona ; labio externo nigrescente ;
canali brevissimo.

A short species, prettily flawed with reddish-black between
three spiral rows of roundish grains. ‘The figure is from a speci-
men in Mr. Hanley’s collection. Mr. Metcalfe has two very small
specimens resembling it.

117. Ceriratum zesprum (pl. clxxxiu. f. 207, 208, 209),
Kiener, Sp. Coq. pl. 25. f. 4. C. dilectum, C. B. Adams.

Cerith. testa parva, elongata, minute longitudinaliter et spiral-

876

ter granulosa, alba, vel rosea, vel cinerea, vel fusco fasciata, varici-
bus albis.

This little species differs from C. gibderulwm in being so much
more finely sculptured in proportion to its size. Hab. Gallapagos
Islands.

118. CERITHIUM GIBBERULUM (pl. clxxxiv. f. 210, 211), C.
B. Adams.

Cerith. testi pupzeformi, turrita, fusco-grisescente vel nigra,
varicibus albis, longitudinaliter costat& et spiraliter sulcata ; aper-
tura parva.

Very small and rather long, white, or nearly black, with white
varices, having longitudinal ribs crossed by raised lines. Coast
of North America.

119. Cerrraium TENvE (pl. clxxxiv. f. 212), Nodzs.

Cerith. testi parva, elongata, alba, ad suturam et inferné fusca,
longitudinaliter rugoso-costata, spiraliter undulatim costata; an-
fractibus numerosis; spiré elongata; apertura parva.

A very small, white, roughly ribbed shell, with a band of brown
at the suture, and another at the lower part of each whorl. Port
Lincoln. (Mus. Cuming and Hanley.)

120. Crrirnium Lacteum (pl. clxxxiv. f. 213, 214), Kiener,
Sp. Coq. pl. 7. f. 3.
Cerith. testa pupzeformi, alba, spiraliter minuté granoso-striata ;
apertura, parva.
Pupzeform, white, tapering at the apex, minutely crossed with
grained raised lines. Island of Ticao, Philippines, H. Cuming.

121. Curiruium papitiosum (pl. clxxxiv. f. 215), Modis.

Cerith. testi pallidi, minuté granulati, elongatd, medio sub-
ventricos4; anfractibus numerosis, paululim inflatis, longitudina-
liter crebre plicatis, spiraliter seriebus sex granulosis, granulis
rubro punctatis ; apertura parva.

Pale, small, pupeeform, with minute reddish dots at the back of
each granule. Mr. Hanley’s collection.

122. Cerrruium intersteiatum (pl. clxxxiv. f. 216), Nodis.

Cerith. test& pyramidali, pallida, fusco pallidé variegata, alterna-
tim costulis granosis et lineis elevatis levibus spiraliter cincta ;
anfractibus subplanulatis ; apertura rotundai; labio externo ex-
panso; canali brevi, valido.

877

Pyramidal, pale, variegated with pale brown, girt with alter-
nately smooth and granulated spiral ridges ; aperture rather round,
with the outer lip expanded. Mr. Hanley’s and Mr. Sowerby’s
collections. Locality unknown.

le. Last whorl but one large, last whorl contracted.—Genus
Corina, A. Adams.
123. Ceriraium pincuxr (pl. clxxxiv. f. 217), 4. Adams.
Colina pinguis, zxed.

Cerith. testé ventricosi, medio inflata, striaté, pallida, spird co-
nici, gracili; anfractibus medianis tuberculatis inflatis, ultimo con-
tracto, ad suturam crenulato, versus aperturam expanso ; apertura
parva; labio interno simplici, labio externo expanso, lineato.

With a tapering spire, this shell has the middle whorls inflated
and tuberculated, and the last whorl contracted. Mr. Cuming’s
collection, from Port Natal.

124, Ceriratum contractum (pl. clxxxiv. f. 218), Modis.

Cerith. testé C. pingui simili, sed longé angustiore.
A much narrower shell than C. pinguis, with a similar contrac-
tion of the last whorl. Mr. Hanley’s collection. Locality unknown.

125. Cerrrutum macrostoma (pl. clxxxiv. f. 219), Hinds,
Voy. Sulph. pl. 16. f. 12.

Cerith. testi parva, tenui, elongata, costatd, spiraliter striata ;
spira elongata ; anfractibus numerosis, ultimo uno latere contracto ;
apertura parva ; labio externo expanso ; canali lato.

A pretty little light elongated shell, with the back of the last
whorl contracted and the outer lip of the aperture expanded.
Borneo.

126. CrritHium costatum (pl. clxxxiv. f. 220), 4. Adams,
(Colina) costata, ined.

Cerith. test& parva, pallid’, rubro maculata, solida, elongati,.
costata, spiraliter inter costas striati, spiri elongata ; anfractibus
angulatis, ultimo contracto; apertura parvd; labio externo expanso ;
canali valido.

Like C. maerostoma, but more solid, less slender, more strongly
ribbed, with the outer lip less expanded. Mr. Cuming’s collection.

127. Cerrruium PuPaFORME (pl. clxxxiv. f. 221), 4. Adams.
Colina pupzeformis, ved.

_ Cerith. testa C. costato simili, sed magis elongati; anfractibus
inferioribus gradatim contractis.

878

More elongated and pupzform than C. costatum, with the three
last whorls gradually contracted. Philippines, H. Cuming.

1d. Numerous short whorls, short canal—Genus CEritHopPsIs,
forbes and Hanley.

128. Cerrrurum TUBERCULARE (pl. clxxxiv. f. 222), Mon-
tagu, Test. But. p. 270. Cerithopsis, Lorbes and Hanley.
Cerith. testi C. reticulato simili, sed anfractibus vix ventricosis,
canali valido.
It is not easy to find characters in this British shell to distin-
guish it from C. reticulatum, even specifically, but the whorls are
less ventricoss and the reticulation more fine. The canal is more

decided.

129. Cerrru1um Axcrrianum (pl. clxxxiv. f. 230, 231),
Nobis.
Cerith. testa pupzeformi, alba vel fulva, triseriatim tuberculata ;
anfractibus distinctis ; apertura ovali.
The whorls are straighter, and the tubercles less close than in
C. tuberculare. Algiers, Mr. Hanley.

130. CaritHium ReEticuLatum (pl. clxxxiv. f. 228, 229),
Mont., Brit. Sp. p. 272. Terebra reticulata, H. M. p. 346.

Cerith. test’ elongata, costis tribus spiralibus et plicis longitu-
dinalis nodosis reticulata, fuscd vel albi; anfractibus ventricosis.

Small, brown, reticulated with longitudinal plice, crossed by
three spiral ribs. Great Britain and Mediterranean.

131. Cerirutum tra (pl. clxxxiv. f. 232), Brug., Lan.
An. s. vert. no. 35. .

Cerith. testa elongata, ruff, varicosi; anfractibus numerosis,
plicatis ad suturam elevatis, lineis acuté tuberculiferis cinctis ;
apertura parva, simplici.

Elongated, brown, red-lined, with plicee crossed by sharply tu-
berculated spiral ribs. The whorls are shouldered at the suture.
The aperture is small and simple. Mediterranean.

132. Cerrruium eLoncatuo (pl. elxxxiv. f. 233, 234), Nobis.

Cerith. testa attenuata, granulosi; anfractibus numerosis, ventri-
cosis, obliquis; aperturé parva, simplici.

Resembling C. dima, but more attenuated, with the grains
coarser, and the whorls ventricose and more oblique. Mediterra-
nean, Hanley. Australia, Strange.

879

133. CreriTH1uM GRaNaRium (pl. clxxxiv. f. 225, 226, 227),
Kiener, pl. 19. f. 3.

Cerith. testa C. Lime simili, sed granis obtusis ; anfractibus sub-
planulatis.

This Australian species differs from C. Zima in the tubercles
not being sharp and the whorls not being shouldered.

134. Ceriruium NneGcLectum (pl. clxxxiv. f. 235, 236), C.
B. Adams.

Cerith. testé minuta, migra vel fulva, pupzeformi, longitudina-
liter plicata, spiraliter costis tuberculatis cinctd; apertura con-
tracta.

Minute, darkly coloured, and pupiform. ach of the upper
whorls shows two or three spiral tuberculated ribs crossed by
coarse longitudinal ones. Described as an American shell by
Mr. Adams; brought from Algiers by Mr. Hanley. The light

brown specimen is Mr. Metcalfe’s.

1385. CeritHium RuGuULosuM (pl. clxxxiv. f. 237), C. B.
Adams, Shells of Jamaica. C. vicinum, 77d. ?

Cerith. testa turrita, parva, alba, cancellata ; anfractibus obliquis,
ventricosis ; apertura ovali.

Very minute, cancellated, with the whorls rather oblique and
ventricose. The white specimen is in Mr. Cuming’s collection,
from Jamaica. The brown specimen brought by Mr. Hanley
from Algiers.

186. Cerrruium GemMULosum (pl. clxxxiv. f. 238), C. B.
Adams, Shells of Jamaica.

Cerith. testé mimuta, nigrescente, subpyramidali ; anfractibus
ventricosis, costis tribus angustatis rotundatim tuberculatis, inter-
stitiis latis et lineis elevatis longitudinalibus cancellatis.

Very like C. neglectum, but not so pupiform, and the inter-
stices are wider than the tuberculated ridges, so that the tubercles
form three lines of distinct round beads or gems on each whorl.
Coast of North America.

137. Cerrraium GRacite (pl. clxxxiv. f. 228, 229), Nodis.

Cerith. testa alba vel fusca, tenui, parva, attenuata ; anfractibus
numerosis, obliquis, costis spiralibus et lineis elevatis longitudi-
nalibus reticulatis.

Very slender, white or brown, reticulated by prominent. spiral
ribs, crossed by longitudinal raised lines. The whorls are oblique,

DY

880

numerous, and ventricose. Mr. Metcalfe’s collection. Locality
unknown.

138. Cerrruium puLtcHettum (pl. clxxxiv. f. 239), C. B.
Adams, Shells of Jamaica.

Cerith. test& minuta, pupzeformi, alba ; anfractibus superné ele-
vatis, costellatis, inferné prope suturam carind unici moniliferd,
rubra; aperturd magna ; columella tortuosa.

The whorls of this pretty little Jamaican shell are fluted above,
elevated and rounded, and near the suture circled by a beaded
red line. Mr. Cuming’s collection.

139. Crrirnium puncratum (pl. clxxxiv. f. 240), Linn.
(Murex). M. subulatus, Montagu, Supp. p. 115, t. 80, f. 20;
non ©. subulatum, Lam. C.? Emersom, C. B. Adams, Shells of
Jamaica.

Cerith. test4 pyramidali, basi truncata, fulva vel fusco fasciata ;
anfractibus rectis, costis distanter tuberculatis, duabus magnis,
und parva’ intermedia cinctis; apertura subtrigond; columella
tortuosa.

A pyramidal brown or brown-banded Jamaican shell, showing
on each whorl two large spiral ribs, with rounded ribs at regular
distances, and one small intermediate rib. The base is truncated,
and the aperture trigonal.

140. CurirHium TEREBELLUM (pl. clxxxiv. f. 241), C. B.
Adams, Shells of Jamaica.

Cerith. test& elongata, pyramidali, fulva; anfractibus spiraliter
tricostatis, interstitiis latis crenulatis, ultimo truncato; apertura
subtrigona.

This Jamaican species is pyramidal, brown, with three smooth
spiral ribs seen in each whorl, with wider crenulated interstices.

141. Ceriratum trivinzatum (pl. clxxxiv. f. 242, 243),
Phil. Enum. Sic. v. 1. p. 168.

Cerith. testa C. ¢erebello simili, sed medio subinflato, interstitiis
rubro lineatis. :

This Mediterranean species differs from C. terededlwm in being
less pyramidal, the central part being slightly swelled; the inter-
stices constitute reddish dark lines.

142. Cerrrutum cereum (pl. clxxxiv. f. 244, 245), Nodzs.

Cerith. testa alba, C. terebello simili, sed basi rotunda, costis
spiralibus latioribus, interstitiis angustis, incisis.

881

White, rather more straightly pyramidal than C. ¢ridineatum,
less so than C. ¢erebellum. In both these the ribs are narrower
than the interstices, but in @. cerewm the reverse is the case.
Mr. Hanley’s collection, from Australia.

143. Cerrratum assimitatum (pl. clxxxiv. f. 246), C. B.
Adams, Shells of Jamaica.
Cerith. testa nigrescente, C. terebello simili, sed costis sub-
tuberculatis ; anfractibus medianis subinflatis, basi subrotundatis.
A darkly coloured Jamaican shell, like C. ¢ridineatum in form,
and showing three ribs on each of the upper whorls, but these are

slightly tuberculated.

le. Rather rounded aperture, granulated whorls, short, groove-
hike canal.—Genus PIRENELLA, Gray.

144, CeRITHIUM ATTRAMENTARIUM (pl. clxxxv. f. 249, 250),
A, Adams. Lampania attramentarium, 4. Ad. ined.

Cerith. test’ subpyramidali, nigrescente seu nigro punctata, spi-
raliter crebré sulcata; anfractibus prope suturam albis, apicali-
bus subplanulatis, medianis gradatim paululim inflatis ; apertura
simplici, subovali; labio interno paulultim calloso ; columella tor-
tuosd ; canali vix distincto ; labio externo undato.

In several specimens we have seen, the top whorls are straight,
while the lower ones are bulged out a little below, towards the
suture; this may be characteristic, or merely accidental. The
shell is pyramidal, typically of a dark colour, although in a variety
light and dark spotted. It is spirally grooved, and the outer lip
is thin. Mr. Cuming’s cabinet. Locality unknown.

145, CerirHiuM suBVIRIDE (pl. clxxxv. f. 247), Nobis.

Cerith. test C. attramentario simili, sed pyramidali, breviuscula,
sulcis creberrimis, anfractibus haud inflatis, ad suturam nigro
fasciatis.

A single specimen of this species is in Mr. Hanley’s collection.
It resembles C. attramentaria, but the whorls are more straight,
and the upper part of the whorls is marked by a variegated band
of dark colour, instead of being white. The specimen figured is
Mr. Hanley’s.

146. Ceriraiom unpuLatum (pl. clxxxv. f. 248), Nobis.

Cerith. testa. C. atéramentario simili, sed anfractibus ad su-
turam nigris, elevatis, undulatim crenulatis.
It is darkly coloured, elevated, and undulated on the upper

882

part of the whorls at the suture. In other respects it resembles
C. attramentaria as much as C. subviride does.

147. Cerrratum Turrire ta (pl. clxxxv. f. 255, 256), Quoy,
Voy. Astr. t. 8. p. 182. pl. 55. f. 8.

Cerith. testa fusci vel cinerascente, elongato-conici, costellis
longitudinalibus et spiralibus tuberculatis leviter cancellata; an-
fractibus ventricosis ; apertura subpyriformi ; canali aperto.

Shaped like a Zwrridedla, with ventricose, sloping whorls, which
are crossed by tuberculated ribs in both directions. Had. Port
Lincoln, Australia.

148. Crrrruitum MamMiLuatum (pl. clxxxv. f. 253), 2esso,
Phil. Enum. Moll. Sic. t. 1. p. 194. pl. 11.£13. C. granulatum,
Costa. C. costulatum, Costa? C. “Sardoum,” Aiener, Sp. de
Coq. pl. 22. f. 2. C. baccatum, Kiener, pl. 22. f. 4.

Cerith. testa C. Turritelle simili, sed anfractibus breviusculis,
superné prope suturam angulatis, suturd excavata.

The whorls are shorter than in C. Zwrritedla, and angulated
near the suture, which is deep. Mediterranean.

149. CerirHium conicum (pl. clxxxv. f. 251, 252), Blain-
ville, Faune Frangaise, Moll. p. 158 ; Avexer, Sp. de Coq. pl. 28.
f.-3.

Cerith. testa C. Turritelle simili, sed anfractibus brevioribus,
tuberculis majoribus, paucis.

The whorls in this Mediterranean species present two rows of
large tubercles. It belongs to the same group as C. Turritella,
but like C. mammillatum the whorls are angulated ; unlike that
species, they are large, and disposed in two rows on each whorl.

150. CerITHiuM CINERASCENTE (pl. clxxxv. f. 254), Pallas ?

Cerith. testa C. conico simili, sed cinerascente, tuberculis acutis.

The texture of this shell is peculiar, and presents a bluish
porcelain-like appearance. The tubercles are pointed. Mr.
Hanley’s collection, from Karak, mm Egypt.

151. Cerrruium Layarpri (pl. clxxxv. f. 257), 4. Adams.

Cerith. testa turrita, mammillata; anfractibus gradatis, sub-
quadratis, superné elevatis, albo cinctis ; tuberculis rotundatis ;
ultimo anfractu subrotundato ; apertura subtrigona.

Resembling C. conica and C. mammitlata, but with square
whorls, shouldered and white-banded above. The tubercles are

883

in four rows, and rounded. Brought by A. L. Layard, Hsq.,

from Ceylon.

152. Cerirarum cLaTHRATUM (pl. clxxxv. f. 258), 4. Adams
(Cerithopsis).

Cerith. testa alba, ventricosd, subconica ; anfractibus biangulatis,
angulis tuberculatis, ultimo anfractu carinato; apertura rotun-
data.

A beautiful white species, brought by Mr. Cuming from
Baclayon, Island of Bohol, Philippines. It is conical, and has
the whorls ventricose, with two tuberculated angles. The last
whorl has a keel.

Division 2.—Lrequenting marshes or rivers; canal not pro-
duced ; operculum round, with many whorls.—PoraMipEs,
Brongniart.

2a. Aperture sinuous, emarginated at the base, columella cal-
Jous.—Genus Pyrazus, Monty.

153. Ceriratum patusrre (pl. clxxxv. f. 261), Linneus
(Strombus), Linn. Syst. Nat. ed. 12. p. 1213; Brug. Dict. C.

crassum, Lams. no. 15.

Cerith. testd magna, crass’, pyramidali, fuscd-nigrescente arcua-
tim costata, spiraliter inciso-sulcata, inter sulcos planulata ; anfrac-
tibus subplanulatis, ultimo anfractu univaricoso; apertura sub-
ovali ; Jabio interno brevi subcalloso, labio externo expanso sub-
denticulato, superne sinuato ; canali circulari, brevissimo.

The very large, darkly coloured, suleated species, with rather
expanded and curved outer lip. Has. Marshes and mouths of
rivers in the Red Sea and Hast Indies. There is a variety found
at the mouths of Australian rivers, with short white whorls and
fewer sulci.

154. Crriratum sutcatum (pl. clxxxv. f. 262), Born (Mu-
rex sulcatus), Mus. p. 320. Murex Molluccanus, Gme/., p. 3593.
C. sulcatum, Brug. Strombus mangiorum, Schret., Phys. Conch.
p. 383. N. fuscus, Gmel.

Cerith. testa ventricosi, brevi, pupzeformi, longitudinaliter pli-
cata, spiraliter sulcata, fusci; apertura auriformi; labio externo
erasso, ad; columellam trans canalem incurvo; canali separato,
rotundo.

A thick, pupiform, sulcated species, in which the outer lip is

884

coiled round over the upper part of the canal, so as to leave it a
separate opening. Hab. China and Philippines.

155. CERITHIUM SEMITRISULCATUM (pl. clxxxv. f. 263), Bod-
ton, Cat. Conch. Coll. Yoldi, p. 57, id. Morch. C. sulcatum, var.
Kiener, pl. 27. f. 1. C. Martinianum P

Cerith. testé C. sulcato simili, sed laevigata; costis longitudi-
nalibus planulatis.

Of a less abbreviated form and smooth texture than C. sulea-
tum, the ribs being flattened and the sulci less deep. Port Hs-
sington.

156. Cerrruium Austra x (pl. clxxxv. f. 266), Quoy, Voy.
de l’Astr. pl. 55. f. 7; Kien. Mon. Cerith. pl. 8. f. 2.

Cerith. test& rugosa, longitudinaliter costis undulata, spiraliter
ineequaliter sulcati, nigra, prope suturam albi; anfractibus ventri-
cosis; apertura nigro lineata; labio interno posticé calloso ; colu-
mella brevi; labio externo sinuato.

Rather short, rugged, roughly and unequally ribbed, crossed
by sulci in threes; aperture with a white callosity on the inner
lip, and the short columella white, the outer lip sinuous and not
thickened. Had. Near Port Jackson.

157. Cerrruium zonare (pl. clxxxv. f. 264, 265), Brug.
Dict. no. 39. ‘Tro. striatellus, Did/w. Cat. t. 2. p. 813. Lam-
pania zonalis, Gray. C. pirenale, Quoy.

Cerith. testa C. Australi simili, sed pyramidali ; anfractibus haud
ventricosis, albo, nigro et fusco varié fasciato; labio externe
tenue, profundé sinuato.

An Australian shell, very much like the one previously de-
scribed (C. Australe), but more acutely pyramidal, varied by co-
loured bands, and with a deep sinus and prominent lower edge to
the outer lip.

158. CeriTHIUM SEPTEMSTRIATUM (pl. clxxxv. f. 259, 260),
Say, Amer. Conch. pl. 49. f. 2. C. peloritanum, Cuntraine, fid.
Kener, pl. 25. f. 2. C. nigrescens, Menke ? C. nigrinum, PA. 7
C. albovittatum, C. B. Adams.

Cerith. testa parva, obtusa, nigr’, nonnumquam albo fasciata,
spiraliter sulcatéi; anfractibus ad suturam crenulatis; apertura
subpyriformi ; canali rotundo, emarginato.

A very small and rather variable North American shell, which

885

has only a cut out hollow for a canal, and has the whorls always
crenulated at the suture.

159. Ceriratum Epeninvm (pl. clxxxv. f. 267), Bruguiére,
Dict. no.26. Strombus aculeatus, var., et Murex Aluco, var., Gmel.

Cerith. testd pyramidali, turrita, fusco-nigrescente, angulatim
nodosa, spiraliter sulcata ; anfractibus angulatis, noduliferis, ultimo
latere varicoso ; aperturé alba, fusco tincté, magna, ad spiram
elevatd ; labiis expansis exfoliatis ; labio interno calloso, expanso ;
canali lato.

A large, darkly coloured, well-known Australian shell, with
spirally grooved, angular nodose whorls, and an expanded, irregu-
larly undulated aperture.

160. Crriraium pactricum (pl. clxxxv. f. 268), Sowerby,
Gen. of Shells, no. 42. f. 9. C. Humboldti, Valenc., Rec. d’Obs.
Zool. 2. 280 (18383).

Cerith. test& pyramidali, fusco-nigrescente; anfractibus acuté
angulatis levibus, ad angulum nodulosis, ultimo latere subcari-
nato ; apertura subquadrilatera ; labio interno calloso ; columella
tortud; labio externo angulato, prominenté undato ; canali lato.

Although very different from C. Hbeninus, this smaller species
‘has some evident affinities with it. The whorls are nearly smooth,
very sharply angulated and sharply tuberculated at the angles.
The aperture is spreading and angular. Had. Tombey, Peru, on
mud banks, H. C.

2 b. Aperture sinuous and only slightly emarginated at the lower
part; spire often decollated.—Genus CurirHipEa, Swains.

161. Crerrrarum optusum (pl. clxxxvi. f. 271), Lamé., An.
s. vert. no. 17. Strombus obtusus, Wood, Supp. pl. 4. f.8. C.
decollatum, Sowerby, Gen.

Cerith. testa ventricosa, fusca, decollata, costulis longitudinali-
bus undulatis et sulcis planulatis spiralibus reticulata; anfractibus
sex, rotundatis, ultimo inferné spiraliter striato; apertura rotun-
data; labio interno tenui, brevi; columella brevi, tortud; labio
externo laté reflexo ; operculo rotundo, multispirali.

A moderately solid, ventricose, pyramidal, decollated shell, or-
namented by a sort of network formed by the crossing of undu-
lating, roughened longitudinal ribs, and rather flattened spiral
tidges and grooves. ‘The Cerithia obtusa live in brackish water

886

im mangrove swamps and the mouths of rivers in Singapore and
Borneo.” —A. Adams.

162. Cerrruium Krinwnert (pl. elxxxvi. f. 272), Homb. et
Jay? C. obtusum, var., Kiener.

Cerith. testa C. odtuso simili, sed graciliore, tenuiore ; anfractibus
octo.

Usually considered a variety of C. ob¢usum, but much narrower,
and with eight whorls instead of six. Philippines and Borneo.

163. Crerrraium RrHIzoporaruM (pl. eclxxxvi. f. 273), A.
Adams (Cerithidea).

Cerith. test& C. ob¢uso simili, sed angustiore; anfractibus pla-
nulatis, ad suturam moniliferis.

This species differs from C. ob¢usum and C. Kieneri in having
the whorls flat or straight. It inhabits estuaries near the sea,
where it is found among the roots of the Rdczophora or man-
grove. Mr. Cuming has taken it at Cagayan, Province of Mi-
samis, Island of Mindanao, Philippines.

164. Carrraium DEcoLLaTUM (pl. elxxxvi. f. 276), Linneus
(Murex), Linn. Syst. Nat. ed. 12. p. 1226. Turbo pulcher,
Dillw., Cat. no. 91.

Cerith. testa decollata, spiraliter tenuistriaté, longitudinaliter
plicata; anfractibus octo vix ventricosis; apertura subquadrata ;
columella tortua, brevi; labio externo subexpanso.

A smoother shell than the preceding, but having longitudinal
curved ribs and fine spiral strie, which are strongest in the inter-
stices. The whorls are generally light-coloured on the upper part
near the suture. Cuba.

165. Cerrraitum Srtnunse (pl. clxxxvi. f. 274), Philippi, Ab-
bild. t. 1. f. 15.

Cerith. testa levigaté, subcorned, pyramidali, longitudinaliter
plicaté ; anfractibus octo ad undecim, paululum ventricosis ; aper-
turd subquadrata ; columella tortua; labio externo paululim ex-
panso.

C. decollatum is a western species, while this is from China and
other parts of the Hast; it is narrower, is never decollated so far
down, and never has spiral striz.

166. Ceriratum Cuarponnigret (pl. clxxxvi. f. 279), Petit,

887

Journ. de Conch., Nov. 15, 1851. Cerithium unicarinatum, J/et-
calfe, Ann. and Mag. of Nat. Hist.

Cerith. test’ pyramidali, corned, C. Simensi simili, sed magis
conic’ ; anfractu ultimo univaricoso, inferné unicarinato ; apertura
subtrigond.

If really distinct from C. Sinense, it differs from that species in
being a more pyramidal shell, with the whorls more straight-
sided, and the aperture triangular. Borneo. Mr. Cuming’s col-
lection.

167. Crrirutum ornatum (pl. clxxxvi. f. 277, 278), A
Adams (Cerithidea).

Cerith. testa laevigata, tenui, plerumque fasciis fuscis et albis
picta; anfractibus ventricosis, plus minusve distanter costatis ;
apertura expansa.

This species is ornamented by bands of brown and white ; it is
rather horny, smooth, and also differs from C. decollatum in having
the whorls ventricose. Philippines, Cuming.

168. Crrirnium corneum (pl. clxxxvi. f. 275), 4. Adams
(Cerithidea) .

Cerith. testa turrito-conici, apice truncata, tenui, cornea, fusca ;
anfractibus planiusculis, varicibus nullis, costis arcuatis longi-
tudinalibus equalibus sculptis, anfractu ultimo ad peripheriam
angulato, basi subplano sulcato; aperturd subquadrata, anticé
subcanaliculato ; labro expanso, margine acuto reflexo.

This species is more fluviatile than many of the others, and the
texture of the shell is thin and horny; in general appearance it
most resembles C. Charbonnieri of Petit, but the last whorl is not
acutely carmated. ‘The ribs are more straight and the whorls less
ventricose than in C. ornatum. Borneo, mouths of rivers.

169. Crriraium varicosum (pl. clxxxvi. f. 280, 281, 282),
Sowerby, Gen. of Sh. C. Hegewisch, P2., Sp. Gen. Cog. t. 1.
f. 6. Var. C. Iostoma, Pfr. C. Helicoide, C. B. Adams. C.
validum, C. B. Adams, Sh. of Jamaica.

Cerith. test acute pyramidali, solida, costis longitudinalibus et
spiralibus undulatis et nodiferis cancellaté; fuscd, in medio an-
fractuum albo fasciaté ; plerumque varicosa, varicibus crassis ; an-
fractibus decem, ultimis subito crescentibus ; apertura albida, seu
fasciata, subquadrata ; columellé tortué ; canali vix excavato ; labio
externo utrinque incrassato, ad canalem angulato.

Dez:

888

Rather thick, cancellated with knotted cross-ribs, generally
having thickened, sometimes white, varices. ‘The shell is of a
brown-colour, with a white band in the middle of the whorls.
Real Llejos, Central America, at the roots of mangroves, H.

Cuming. The narrower variety, without varices, we believe to be
C. Helicoide of C. B. Adams.

170. Cerrratum Morcnit (pl. clxxxvi. f. 283), 4. Adams
(Cerithidea).

Cerith. testa subcylindricd, decollaté, albo-caerulescente, longi-
tudinaliter costati, spiraliter sulcati; anfractibus subventricosis,
eradatim crescentibus ; aperturi undatim subquadrata ; labio ex-
terno paululiim incrassati. Variat sulcis rubro-lineatis.

A northern species, in some degree resembling C. varicosa, but
not reticulated, having rounded ribs crossed by spiral sulci, which
im one variety are marked by a red line. The general tint is
bluish-white. The shell is ratier cylindrical, and in Mr. Cuming’s
two specimens, decollated.

171. Ceriraium Montaenet (pl. clxxxvi. f. 284, 285, 286),
PP Orbigny, Voy. dans PAm. Mér. Moll. C. Reevianum e¢ C.
pulchrum, C. B. Adams. C. Largilliertii, Phidippi, Abbild. t. 1.
f. 7. C. Fortune, Adams.

Cerith. testa ventricosi, conicd, levigata, longitudinaliter cos-
tellata, fusco et fulvo pallido spiraliter fasciaté ; anfractibus decem,
ventricosis, subito crescentibus, ultimo magno, subtts carinato,
inde striato; suturi profundi; aperturd magni; labio externo
late expanso et reflexo; columelli tortud, crassa.

C. varicosum is reticulated, this is smooth, ribbed above, and
has a keel and strize under the whorls. In some specimens how-
ever there are faint traces of cross-bars above. The form is
conical, the whorls rapidly enlarging. C. Largilliertii is the
rather plain shell we have figured, with a scarcely expanded, pro-
bably unformed, outer lip.

172. Crrirnium picartnatum (pl. clxxxvi. f. 288), Gray,
Fauna of New Zealand. C. lutulentum, Avener, Sp. Gen. Coq.
pl. 22. f. 3.

Cerith. testi pyramidali, fusco-nigricante, ad suturam albo
lineatd, longitudinaliter costata, subtis spiraliter acuté bicarinata ;
apertura subquadrata ; canali subproducto.

We have not seen any fully formed specimens of this New
Zealand shell, which is remarkable for the two sharp keels bor-
dering the lower part of the last whorl.

889

173. CERITHIUM SUBCARINATUM (pl. clxxxvi. f. 287), Nodis.

Cerith. testé parva, levi, fusco-nigricante, longitudinaliter cos-
taté, subtis spiraliter bicarinaté; apertura bicanaliculata; labio
externo paululim producto; canali brevissimo, profundo.

A small, dark brown shell, which is smoothly ribbed at the
upper part and shows two obtuse keels at the lower part of the
whorls. New Zealand, 7. Hart, R.N.

174, CeritHIuM SCALARIFORME (pl. clxxxvi. f. 290), Say ?

Cerith. test’ pyramidali, acuta, fusco-nigricante, in medio an-
fractuum albo-fasciaté, longitudinaliter distanter costatd, subtiis
unicarinata ; anfractibus duodecim, ventricosis; apertura subex-
pansd; labio externo anticé producto.

A pretty little species, with distant ribs and distinct rounded
whorls. It has a keel at the lower part. Florida.

175. Ceriratum costatum (pl. clxxxvi. f. 291, 292), Wood,
(Strombus), 43. C. Lafondu, Michaud, Kiener, Sp. Gen. Coq.
pl. 24. £38. C. ambiguum é¢ servilis, C. B. Adams.

Cerith. test’ parva, acuta, fuscd, spiraliter striata, longitudina-
liter crebrisulcata ; anfractibus numerosis, ventricosis, ultimo sub-
tus unicarinato ; apertura expansa.

Resembling C. scalariforme, but smaller, with the ribs more
numerous and crossed by spiral striae. Jamaica.

176. Crriruium Rissorpevum (pl. clxxxvi. f. 289), Nodis.

Cerith. testa fusco-cerulescente, pyramidali; anfractibus ro-
tundatis, oblique albo-costatis, infra spiraliter carinatis ; labio ex-
terno, crasso, expanso, sinuato.

Narrower than C. Montagne, with less expanded aperture, and
the whorls prettily ornamented by regular bluish-white ribs. Mr.
Cuming’s collection. Locality unknown.

177. Crrirnium pLumBeum (pl. clxxxvi. f. 293), Nobis.

Cerith. test& parva, elongata, plumbed, spiraliter striata, longi-
tudinaliter vix costati ; anfractibus decem, subrotundatis, gradatim
crescentibus ; apertura ovali.

A pretty little Australian species, of which several specimens
are in Mr. Hanley’s collection; over a brown ground-colour there
is a pretty plum-like bloom. It is spirally striated.

178. CerirHIuM PAUXILLUM (pl. clxxxvi. f. 294), 4, Adams.

890

Cerith. test& pyramidali, parva, pallide fulva, acuta, longitudina-
liter plicati; anfractibus distinctis, spiraliter costatis, costé infe-
riore maxima; aperturd expansi ; canali subproducto, tortuoso.

Small, pale fawn, sharp, longitudinally ribbed, crossed by nar-
row ribs, the lowest of which on each whorl is large. The aper-
ture is expanded, and terminates in a slightly produced, tortuous
canal. Island of Bureas, Philippines, H. Cuming.

2¢. Shaped lke a Trochus, many-whorled ; columella twisted.
—Genus TreLEscorrum, Schumacher.

179. Cerrraium TeLescopium (pl. clxxxv. f. 269), Linnaeus
(Trochus), 'T. Linn. Syst. Nat. Trochus, no. 600. Telescopium
fusca, Schum.

Cerith. testé conicd, fusco-nigricante, spiraliter planulatim sul-
catéi; anfractibus angustatis, numerosis, ultimo basi planulato,
spiraliter costellato; apertura quadrilabré; columella alba, tor-
tuosi; labio externo anticé producto, denticulato, posticé emar-
ginato; operculo corneo, rotundato, multispirali.

This well-known conical species is believed by anatomists to
have affinities with the Zrochida, rather than with the genus now
before us. With these questions we have little to do at present,
but conchologically the shell appears very suitably placed near the
group to which C. fuscatwm and C. radula belong. Philippines,
H.C. Singapore, Malabar, etc., Auct.

2d. Muviatile, many whorls; columella tortuous ; outer lip
produced in front; shell generally covered by an epider-
mis.—Genus Tympanotomus, Klezn.

180. Cerrrarum ruscatum (pl. clxxxvi. f. 300, 301), Lin-
neus (Murex fuscatus), Linn. Syst. Nat. ed. 12. p. 755. Cerl-
thium muricatum, Brug., Dict. no. 27. Strombus tympanorum
aculeatus, Chemu., Conch. v. 9. t. 186. f. 1267, 1268. C. mu-
ricatum, Sowerby.

Cerith. testé elongaté, epidermide fusci induta, tuberculis acu-
leatis magnis paulultim adscendentibus cincté; anfractibus und
serie tuberculatis, ad suturam graniferis, ultimo subtts biseriatim
moniliferis ; apertura curté, subquadrati, superné angulatd; labio
externo anticé producto; columelld breviusculo; canali emargi-
nato.

This well-known aculeated shell, with a brown epidermis, fre-
quents the mouths of rivers in West Africa.

891

181. Ceriratum raputa (pl. clxxxvi. f. 303), Linnaeus,
Syst. Nat. no. 575. Non C. radula, Born. O. Owen, Lerr.,
Martini Conch. t. 155. f. 1459. Murex granulatus, Wood, Ind.
pl. 28. f. 160. Murex terebella, Gme/., no. 144.

Cerith. testa elongato-turrité, epidermide fusco-viridescente in-
duta, granoso-noduliferd ; anfractibus numerosis, superné angu-
liferis, ad suturam granulatis, ad angulum angulatim pliciferis,
sub angulo duplicatim moniliferis; apertura subquadrata ; labio
externo anticé producto.

We have some doubt in separating this from the preceding ;
some specimens occur which seem to indicate a tendency to as-
sume the same characters. In its normal form however this
species does not present the prominent aculeations of C. fuscatum.

West Africa.

182. Cerrruium muutieRaNum (pl. clxxxvi. f. 302), Nodzs.
C. radula, Born, non Linn.

Cerith. testi elongata, fuscd vel grised, costellis spiralibus re-
gulariter rotundatim granosis cincti; anfractibus superné angu-
latis, ad angulum et ad suturam moniliferis; apertura oblonga ;
labio externo anticé producto; columellé subtortud; canali si-
nuato.

Resembling C. radula, but with the rows of granules rounded,
regular, and nearly equal. West Africa.

183. CeRITHIUM FLUVIATILE (pl. clxxxvi. f. 296 to 299),
Potiez et Michaud, Cat. des Moll. de Douai, p. 363. pl. 31. f. 19,
20; Kiener, pl. 19. f. 3. Strombus pictus, Bolten, fid. Morch.
Var. Cerithium alatum, Philippi, t. 1. f. 11. Var. C. microp-
terum, Kiener, Sp. Gen. Coq. pl. 30. f. 8. C. radix, Dufo.

Cerith. test’ pyramidali, solida, fasciaté, pleramque epidermide
induta, longitudinaliter plicaté; anfractibus numerosis, distinctis,
rectiusculis, medio bisulcatis; suturd excavati; ultimo anfractu
latere univaricoso; apertura subangulaté; labio externo plus mi-
nusve expanso, etate angulatim elevato; columella tortua.

Through all the varieties of this shell it preserves the same
general characters ; the incised grooves, the straight ribs, the deep
suture, and the expanded outer lip; and although the latter character
varies so much in degree as to have caused some authors to sepa-
rate the broadly expanded variety from that which is but slightly
so, we consider these variations such as are frequently found in
different ages and conditions among fluviatile shells. Indian
Seas.

892

184. Certraium retirerum (pl. clxxxvi. f. 295), Nobis.

Cerith. testi C. fluwviatil simili, sed costarum interstitiis quam
coste latioribus, costis longitudinalibus et spiralibus albis, no-
dosis ; suturd haud canaliculata.

This differs from C. fluviatilis in the absence of a hollow suture,
and in the sculpture, which resembles white knotted network. A
white band on the upper part of the whorls. //ab. In salt marshes
at the Island of Siquijor, Philippines, HZ. Cuming.

POO?

LIST OF FIGURES IN PLATES CLXXVI. TO CLXXXVI.
(The Figure after each Name refers to the number of the Species.)

(The specimens, generally, unless otherwise designated in the text, are in the collection
of H. Cuming, Esq.)

Prats CLXXVI. Fig.
(niet veumicces rach 30-82. C. obeliscus, Brag. 12.
Vig. 33. — Sowerbii, Kiener, 8.
1. C. teeniatum, Quoy, 2. 34, 35. — aluco, Linn. 7.

2,3. — Vertagus, Lim. 1. 36, 37. — semigranosum, Lam. 13.
4,5. — lineatum, Brug. 6. 38-40. — cedo-nulli, Sows. 14.
6-10. — fasciatum, Brug. 3. 41. — gemmatum, Hinds, 17.

11, 12. — asperum, Linn. 5.
13-15. — Kochii, Phil. 19. Puate CLXXVITI.
16-18. — recurvum, Sowd. 20. (CeRITHIUM proper.)

19. — Cumingil, 4. dd. 9. 42. — nodulosum, Brug. 21.
20-22. — Pharos, Hinds, 4. 43. — vulgatum, Brug. 64.

44. — echinatum, Zam. 36.

Prats CLXXVIL. 45. — Adansonu, Brug. 37.

23, 24. — attenuatum, Pil. 18. 46. — polygonum, Sowd. 22.
25. — pulchrum, 4. dd. 15. 47. — subnodosum, 4. Ad. 65.
26, 27. — articulatum, 4. dd. 16. 48. — adustum, Aven. 70.
28. — nobile, Reeve, 11. 49. — tuberosum, 20d. 49.

29, — maculosum, Alartyn, 10. 50. — Mediterraneum, Desh. 67.

893

Fig. Fig.

51. C. gemma, Sow). 105. 98, 99. C. dialeucum, Phil. 45.
52,53. — suturale, Phil. 44. 100. — fenestratum, Sowd. 46.
54. — Novee-Hollandie, A. Ad. 101. — turritum, Sowd. 47.

63. 102. — serotina, 4. Ad. 48.
55-58. — columna, Sowd. 25. 103. — rhodostoma, 4. Ad. 49.

104. — rostratum, Sowd. 50.

Prats CLXXIX. TGs = eravidams Pag bie

59. — ocellatum, Gould, 69. 106, 107. — fusiforme, Sowd. 52.
60. — nebulosum, Sow). 71. 108-110. — muscarum, Say, 53.
61, 62. — ceruleum, Sowd. 72.
63. — corallinum, Kien. 59. Prate CLXXXI.
64. — torulosum, Linn. 35. 111-113. — planum, Anton, 54.
65. — Rupellii, Pril. 42. 114, 115. — salebrosum, Sowé. 55.
66. — citrinum, Sowd. 26. 116, 117. — balteatum, Ph. 57.
67. — vulgatum, var. Brug. 64. 118. — coronatum, Sowd. 57.
68. — armatum, Phil. 41. 119. — eriense, Valen. 58.
69. — atratum, Born, 28. 120. — dubium, Sowé. 62.
70. — alternatum, Sowd. 98. 121. — pictum, Wood, 61.
71, 72. — caudatum, Sowd. 29. 122, — minutum, Phil. 66.
73. — alternatum, Sowd. 98. 123, 124. — granosum, Kien. 60.
74. — patulum, Sowd. 97. 125. — Mediterraneum, Desh. 67.
75, 76. — semiferrugineum, Lam. 75. | 126,127. — Guinaicum, PAil. 73.
77. — ocellatum, Gould, 69. 128, 129. — litteratum, Born, 74.

130. — musicum, Sowd. 68.

Prats CLXXX, 131-133. — Mediterraneum, Desh. 67.

78, 79. — uncinatum, Gel. 27. 134, 135. — tessellatum, Soawd. 77.
80-83. — eburneum, Brug. 31. 136, 137. — piperitum, Sowd. 76.
84, 85. — Nove-Hibernie, A. dd. | 138-140. — dorsuosum, 4. Ad. 78.
33. 141, 142. — obesum, Sowd. 79.
86, 87. — striatissimum, Sowd. 30. 143. — breviculum, Sowé. 86.
88-90. — tenellum, Sow. 34.
91. — planispiratum, Sowd. 32. Prare CLXXXI.
92. — torulosum, Linn. 35. 144, 145. — sculptum, Sod. 80.
93. — munitum, Sowd. 38. 146-148. — lutuosum, Menke, 81.
94. — spathuliferum, Sowd. 39. 149-151. — Sayi, Menke, 82, mag-
95. — umbonatum, Sovwd. 40. nified.
96. — armatum, Phil. 41. 152. — incisum, Sowd. 83.

97. — nigro-punctatum, Sowd. 43. | 153, 154. — curtum, Sod. 84.

Fig.

155, 156. C. Gallapaginis, 4. Ad. 85.

157, 158. — Metcalfei, Sows. 87.
159-161. — morus, Lamh. 89.
162, 164. — tuberculatum, Zinn. 90.
163, 165. — moniliferum, Kien. 91.
166-169. — variegatum, Quoy, 92.
170. — inflatum, Quoy, 95.
171, 172. — petrosum, Wood, 94.
173, 174. — Traillii, Sowd. 93.
175. — Bornii, Sowd. 88.

Prate CLXXXIII.
176-178. — ferrugineum, Say, 96.
179. — alternatum, Sows. 98.

180, 181. — nitidum, Sowd. 100.
182-186. — purpurascens, Sowd. 99.

187. — lemniscatum, Quoy, 106.

188, 189. — rubus, Martyn, 102.
190. — mitreeforme, Sowd. 104.
191. — splendens, Sowd. 101.
192. — eximium, Sowd. 103.
193. — Hanleyi, Sowd. 109.
194. — vittatum, Sowd. 108.

195-197. — rugosum, Wood, 107.
198. — bifasciatum, Sowd. 110.

199. — rubro-lineatum, Sé. 111.

200, 201. — Nassoide, Sowbd. 114.

202, 203. — crassilabrum, Avauss,112.
204. — rarimaculatum, Sow. 113.
205. — nivosum, Sowd. 115.

206. — flammiculatum, Sow. 116.

207-209. — zebrum, Aven. 117.

Puats CLXXXIV.

210, 211. — gibberulum, C. B. Ad.
118.
212. — tenue, Sowd. 119.
213, 214. — lacteum, Aven. 120.

894:

Nig.
215. C. papillosum, Sowd. 121.
216. — interstriatum, Sowd. 122.

(The “‘ CoLina” group.)

217. — pingue, 4. Ad. 123.
218. — contractum, Sows. 124.
219. — macrostoma, Hinds, 125.
220. — costiferum, 4. Ad. 126.
(By error, costatum in text.)
221. — pupeforme, 4. dd. 127.

(The “ CerirHIopsts” group.)

222. — tuberculare, Mont. 128.
223, 224. — gracile, Sowd. 137.
225-227. — granarium, Kien. 1338.
228, 229. — reticulatum, Mont. 130.
230, 231. — Algierianum, Sows. 129.

232. — lima, Brug. 131.

233, 234. — elongatum, Sowd. 132.
235, 236. — neglectum, C. B. 4d.134.
237,237*.— rugulosum, OC. B..4d.135.
238. — gemmulosum, C. B. Ad.
136, magnified.

239. — pulchellum,C. B. 4d.138.

240. — punctatum, Linn. 139.

241. — terebellum, C.B. Ad. 140.
24.2, 243. — trilineatum, Phil. 141.
94.4, 245. — cereum, Sowd. 141.

24.6. — assimilatum, C. B. Ad.

143.

Piate CLXXXV.
(The “ PrRENELLA ” group.)
24.7. — subviride, Sowd., 145.
248. — undulatum, Sowd. 146.
34.9, 250. — attramentarium, 4. dd.
144.
251, 252. — conicum, Blainv. 149.

89

Vig.
253. C. mamillatum, Risso, 148.

254. — cinerascente, Pallas, 150. |

255, 256. — turritella, Quoy, 147.
257. — Layardi, 4. Ad. 151.
258. — clathratum, 4. 4d. 152.

259, 260. — septemstriatum, Say, 158.

(The “ Pyrazus” group.)
261. — palustre, Linn. 153.
262. — sulcatum, Born, 154.
263. — semitrisulcatum, Bolton,
155.
264, 265. — zonale, Brug. 157.
266. — Australe, Quoy, 156.
267. — Ebeninum, Brag. 159.
268. — pacificum, Sowd. 160.

(Genus “ TELESCOPIUM.”)

269, — telescopium, Linn. 179.
(270. — leve), Quoy, 23. Belongs
to another group.

Pirate CLXXXVI.
(Group ‘‘ Pyrazus,”’—continued.)

271. — obtusum, Lam. 161.

ra

oO

Vig.
272. C. Kieneri, Homd. 162.
273. — rhizoporarum, 4. dd. 163.
274. — Sinense, Phil. 165.
275. — corneum, 4. Ad. 168.
276. — decollatum, Zinn. 164.
277, 278. — omatum, 4. dd. 167.
279. — Charbonnieri, Petit, 166
280-282. — varicosum, Sows. 169.
283. — Morchii, 4. Ad. 170.
284-286. — Montagnei, D’Ord. 171.
287. — subcarinatum, Sow). 173.
288. — bicarinatum, Gray, 172.
289. — rissoideum, Sow). 176.
290. — scalariforme, Say, 174.
291, 292. — costatum, Wood, 175.
293. — plumbeum, Sowd. 177.
294. — pauxillum, 4. 4d. 178.

(The “‘TyMPANOTOMUS ” group.)

295. — retiferum, Sows. 184.
296-299. — fluviatile, Potiez, 183.
300, 301. — fuscatum, Linn. 180.

302. — multigranum, Sow). 182.

303. — radula, Zinn. 181.

ALPHABETICAL LIST OF SPECIES.

aculeatus, Gim., v. Kbeninum, 159.

Adansoni, Brug., 37, f. 45.

adustum, Kien., 70, f. 48.

alatum, Phil., v. fluviatile, 183.

albo-vittatum, CO. B. Ad., v. septem-
striatum, 158.

alternatum, Sowd., 98, f. 70, 73, 179.

algiecola, C. B. Ad., v. Eburneum, 31.
Algierianum, Sowd., 129, f. 230, 231.
aluco, Linn., 7, f. 34, 35.

ambiquum, C’. B. Ad.,v. costatum, 175
annulatus, Mart., v. torulosum, 35.
annularis, Giv., v. torulosum, 35.

| armatum, Phil., 41, f. 68, 96

OA

896

articulatum, 4. Ad., 16, f. 26, 27.
asperum, Linn., 5, f. 11, 12.
assimilatum, C. B. dd., 143, f. 246.
attenuatum, Phil., 18, f. 23, 24.
atratum, Born, 28, f. 69.
attramentarium, 4. dd., 144, f. 249,
250.
Australe, Quoy, 156, f. 266.
baccatum, Kien., v. mammillatum, 148.
balteatum, P#., 56, f. 116, 117.
bicarinatum, Gray, 172, f. 288.
bifasciatum, Sowd., 110, f. 198.
Billehausti, Pet., not identified.
Bornii, Sowd., 88, f. 175.
breve, Quoy, v. ragosum, 107.
breviculum, Sowd., 86, f. 14:3.
cerulescens, Mel., not identified.
ceruleum, Sowd., 72, f. 61, 62.
calabrum, C. B. 4d., not identified.
carbonarum, Pdil., v. tuberculatum, 90.
caudatum, Sowd., 29, f. 71, 72.
Cecilii, P%., not identified.
cedo-nulli, Sowd., 14, f. 38, 39, 40.
cereum, Sowd., 142, f. 244, 245.
Charbonnieri, Pet., 166, f. 279.
cinerascente, Pallas, 150, f. 254.
citrinum, Sowd., 26, f. 66.
clathratum, 4. Ad., 152, f. 258.
clava, v. maculosum, 10.
columna, Sowd., 25, f. 55-58.
conicum, Blainv., 149, f. 251, 252.
contractum, Sowdb., 124, f. 218.
corallinum, A7zen., 59, f. 63.
corneum, 4. dd., 168, f. 275.
coronatum, Sowd., 57, f. 118.
costatum, Wood, 175, f. 291, 292.
costatum, 4. Ad., 126, f. 220. Ad-
mitted by error; it must be changed
to costiferum.

costiferum, by error costatum, 4. Ad.,
126, f. 220.
costulatum, Costa, v. mammillatum,
148.
crassilabrum, Avauss, 112, f. 202, 203.
crassum, Lamk., v. palustre, 1538.
Cumingii, 4. Ad., 9, f. 19.
curtum, Sowéd., 84, f. 153, 154.
dealbatum, C. B. Ad., a Triphoris.
decollatum, Linn., 164, f. 276.
decoratum, C. B. Ad., a Triphoris.
dialeucum, Phil., 45, f. 98, 99.
Diemenense, Quoy, not identified.
dilectum, C. B. Ad., v. zebrum, 117.
diminutivum, Pfil., not identified.
dislocatum, Say, not identified.
dorsuosum, 4. dd., 78, f. 188, 139,
140.
dubium, Sowd., 62, f. 120.
Ebeninum, Brug., 159, f. 267.
eburneum, Brug., 31, f. 80-83.
echinatum, Lamk., 36, f. 44.
elegans, B/., not identified.
elongatum, Sowd., 132, f. 233, 234.
Emersont, C. B. Ad., v. punctatum, 139.
eriense, Valen., 58, f. 119.
erythranense, Lamk., v. tuberosum, 24.
exiguum, C. B. dd., not identified.
exile, C. B. Ad., not identified.
eximium, Sowd., 1038, f. 192.
famelicum, C. B. Ad.,v. uncinatum, 27.
fasciatum, Brug., 3, f. 6-10.
flammiculatum, Sowd., 116, f. 206.
flavum, C. B. Ad., not identified.
fluviatile, Potiez, 1838, f. 296-299.
fenestratum, Sowd., 46, f. 100.
ferrugineum, Say, 96, f.176, 177, 178.
Fortunei, 4. Ad., v. Montagnei, 171.
fragilis, Gray, not identified.

897

fusca, Schum., v. telescopium, 179.
fuscatum, Linn., 180, f. 300, 301.
fuscatum, Costa, v. Mediterraneum, 67.
fuscus, Gmel., v. suleatum, 154.
fusiforme, Sowd., 52, f. 106, 107.
Gallapaginis, 4. dd., 85, f. 155, 156.
gemma, Sowd., 105, f. 51.
gemmatum, Hinds, 17, f. 41.
gemmulosum, C. B. Ad., 136, f. 238.
gibberulum, C. B. Ad., 118, f. 210,
211.
gracile, Sowd., 137, f. 223, 224. By
error in text 228, 229.
granarium, Kien., 133, f. 225, 226, 227.
granosum, Kien., 60, f. 123, 124.
granulatum, v. asperum, 5.
granulatum, Costa, v. mammillatum,
148.
granulatus, Wood, v. radula, 181.
Guaranianum, D’Ord., not identified.
Guinaicum, Pil., 73, f. 126, 127.
Hanleyi, Sowd., 109, f. 193.
Hegewischii, Phil., v. varicosum, 169.
helicoide, C. B. Ad., v. varicosum, 159.
Humboldti, Valenc., v. pacificum, 160.
incisum, Sowd., 83, f. 152.
inflatum, Quoy, 95, f. 170.
intermedium, C. B. Ad., a Triphoris.
interruptum, Gould, v. ocellatum, 69.
interstriatum, Sowd., 122, f. 216.
iostoma, Pifr., v. varicosum, 169.
iota, Gould, v. Sayi, 82.
ivroratum, Gould, v. ocellatum, 69.
Kieneri, Homé., 162, f. 272.
Kochii, Phil., 19, f. 18, 14, 15.
lacteum, Kien., 120, f. 218, 214.
leeve, Quoy, 23, f. 270.
Lafondii, Mich., v. costatum, 175.
Lamarckii, Azer., not identified.

Largilliertii, Phil., v. Montagnei, 171.
Layardii, 4. Ad., 151, f. 257.
lemniscatum, Quoy, 106, f. 187.
lima, Brug., 131, f. 232.
lineatum, Brag., 6, f. 4, 5.
litteratum, Born, 74, f. 128, 129.
longicaudatum, v. attenuatum, 18.
lutulentum, Kien., v. bicarinatum, 172.
lutuosum, Menke, 81, f. 146, 147, 148.
macrostoma, Hinds, 125, f. 219.
maculosum, Martyn, 10, f. 29.
maculosum, Kien., v. nebulosum, 71.
mammillatum, Risso, 148, f. 253.
mangiorum, Schret., v. sulcatum, 15+.
marginatus, Wood, not identified.
marmoreum, v. maculosum, 10.
Martinianum, v. fasciatum, 3.
Martinianum, v. semitrisuleatum, 155.
Mediterraneum, Desh., 67, f. 50, 125,
Bile WByA, Wei
Melanura, C. B. Ad., not identified.
Metcalfei, Sowd., 87, f. 157, 158.
micropterum, Kien., v. fluviatile, 183.
minutum, Phil., 66, f. 122.
mirabile, C. B. Ad., a Triphoris.
mitreeforme, Sowd., 104, f. 190.
modestum, C. B. Ad., a Triphoris.
Molluccanus, Gmel., v. sulcatum, 154.
moniliferum, Aiex., 91, f. 163-165.
Montagnei, D’Ord., 171, f. 284-286.
Morchii, A. Ad., 170, f. 283.
morus, Lamhk., 89, f. 159, 160, 161.
multigranum, Sowd., 182, f. 302.
munitum, Sowd., 38, f. 93. |
muricatum, Brug., v. fuscatum, 180.
muscarum, Say, 53, f. 108, 109, 110.
musicum, Sowd., 68, f. 130.
mutatum, Sowd., v. echinatum, 36.
nanum, C. B. Ad., a Triphoris.

2

+
-

898

Nassoide, Sowd., 114, f. 200, 201.
nebulosum, Sowd., 71, f. 60.
neglectum, C. B. Ad., 134, f. 235, 236.
nigra, Totten, v. Sayi, 82.
nigrescens, Menke, v. septemstriatum,
158.
nigrinum, Ph., v. septemstriatum, 158.
nigro-cinetum, C. B. Ad., a Triphoris.
nigro-punctatum, Sowd., 43, f. 97.
nitidum, Sowd., 100, f. 180, 181.
nivosum, Sowd., 115, f. 205.
nobile, Reeve, 11, f. 28.
nodulosum, Brag., 21, f. 42.
Novee-Hiberni, 4. Ad., 33, f. 84, 85.
Novee-Hollandie, A. Ad., 63, f. 54.
obeliscus, Braug., 12, f. 30, 31, 32.
obesum, Sowd., 79, f. 141, 142.
obtusum, Lamk., 161, f. 271.
ocellatum, Brug., 69, f. 59, 77.
ornatum, A. Ad., 167, f. 277, 278.
Owenti, Ferr., v. vadula, 181.
pacificum, Sowd., 160, f. 268.
palustre, Linz., 153, f. 261.
papillosum, Sowd., 121, f. 215.
patulum, Sowd., 97, f. 74.
pauxillum, A. Ad., 178, f. 294.
peloritanum, Cantr., v. septemstriatum,
158.

Peruvianum, D’ Oré., not identified.
perversum, a British Zrzphoris.
petrosum, Wood, 94, f. 171, 172.
Pharos, Hinds, 4, f. 20, 21, 22.
pictum, Wood, 61, f. 121.
pictus, Bolt., v. fluviatile, 183.
pingue, A. Ad., 123, f. 217.
piperitum, Sowd., 76, f. 136, 137.
pirenale, Quoy, v. zonale, 157.
planispiratum, Sowd., 32, f. 91.
planum, Axton, 54, f. 111-113,

*

plumbeum, Sow)., 177, f. 293.
polygonum, Sowb., 22, f. 46.
procerum, v. fasciatum, 3.
pulchellum, C. B. Ad., 138, f. 239.
pulcher, Dillw., v. decollatum, 164.
pulchrum, A. Ad., 15, f. 25.
pulchrum, C. B.Ad., v. Montagnei, 171.
punctatum, Linn., 139, f. 240.
punctatum, Brug., v. piperitum, 76.
pupeforme, 4. 4d., 127, f. 221.
purpurascens, Sowd., 99, f. 182-186.
pusillum, Nuttal, not identified.
radix, Dufo., v. fluviatile, 183.
radula, Linn., 181, f. 303.
vadula, Born, v. multigranum, 182.
rarimaculatum, Sowd., 113, f. 204.
ravidum, Phil., 51, f. 105.
recurvum, Sowd., 20, f. 16, 17, 18.
Reevianum, C. B. Ad., v. Montagnei,
171.
reticulatum, Mont., 130, f. 228, 229.
reticulatum, Toll., v. Sayi, 82.
retiferum, Sowd., 184, f. 295.
rhodostoma, 4. Ad., 49, f. 103.
rhizoporarum, 4. Ad., 163, f. 273.
Rissoideum, Sowd., 176, f. 289.
rostratum, Sowd., 50, f. 104.
rubrolineatum, Sovwd., 111, f. 199.
rubus, Martyn, 102, f. 188, 189.
rugata, v. asperum, 5.
rugosum, Wood, 107, f. 195, 196, 197.
rugulosum, C.B. Ad.,135, f. 237, 237*.
Rupellii, Phil., 42, f. 65.
salebrosum, Sowd., 55, f. 114, 115.
Sayi, Menke, 82, f. 149, 150, 151.
scabridum, Pil., not identified.
scalariforme, Say, 174, f. 290.
sculptum, Sowd., 80, f. 144, 145.
semiferrugineum, Lamh., 75, f. 75, 76.

899

semigranosum, Lam., 13, f. 36, 37.
semistriatus, Bolton, not identified.
semitrisulcatum, Bolton, 155, f. 2638.
septemstriatum, Say, 158, f. 259, 260.
serotina, 4. Ad., 48, f. 102.
serratus, Wood, v. rubus, 102.
servilis, C. B. Ad., v. costatum, 175.
Sinense, Phil., 165, f. 274.
Sinensis, v. obeliscus, 12.
Sowerbii, Kiener, 8, f. 33.
spathuliferum, Sowd., 39, f. 94.
splendens, Sowd., 101, f. 191.
striatellus, Dillw., v. zonale, 157.
striatissimum, Sowwd., 30, f. 86, 87.
striatus, Schret., v. tuberosum, 24.
subcarinatum, Sowéd., 173, f. 287.
subnodosum, 4. Ad., 65, f. 47.
subviride, Sowd., 145, f. 247.
subulatum, Mont., v. punctatum, 139.
subulatum, v. Pharos, 4.
suleatum, Born, 154, f. 262.
suturale, Phil., 44, f. 52, 53.
teeniatum, Quoy, 2, f. 1.
telescopium, Linn., 179, f. 269.
tenellum, Sowd., 34, f. 88, 89, 90.
tenue, Sowd., 119, f. 210.
terebellum, C. B. Ad., 140, f. 241.
tessellatum, Sowd., 77, f.184,135. By
error in text 133, 134.
torulosum, Linn., 35, f. 64, 92.
Traillii, Sowd., 98, f. 173, 174.

trilineatum, Phil., 141, f. 242, 243.
tristoma, Bl., a Triphoris.

tuberculare, Mont., 128, f. 222.
tuberculatum, Zinn., 90, f. 162, 164.
tuberculatum, Born, v. Bornii.
tuberculatum, Lamk., v. ceruleum, 72.
tuberosum, Fadr., 24, f. 49.

tuberosus, Dillw., v. nodulosum, 21.
Turritella, Quoy, 147, f. 255, 256.
turritum, Sowd., 47, f. 101.
tympanorum, Chem., v. fuscatum, 180.
umbonatum, Sowd., 40, f. 95.
uncinatum, Gmel., 27, f. 78, 79.
undulatum, Sowd., 146, f. 248.
undulatus, Gmel., a Triphoris.
validum, C. B. Ad., v. varicosum, 169.
variabile, C. B. Ad., v. ferrugineum, 96.
variabile, C. B. Ad., not identified.
varicosum, Sowd., 169, f. 280, 281, 282.
variegatum, Quoy, 92, f. 166-169.
ventricosus, Gmel., a Triphoris.
versicolor, C. B. Ad., v. ferrugineum, 96.
vertagus, Linn., 1, f. 2, 3.

vibex, v. asperum, 5.

vicinum, C. .B. Ad., v. rugulosum, 135,
violaceum, Quoy, not identified.
vittatum, Sowd., 108, f. 194.

vulgaris, v. vertagus, 1.

vulgatum, Brag., 64, f. 43, 67.
zebrum, Kien., 117, f. 207, 208, 209.
zonale, Brug., 157, f. 264, 265.

END OF VOLUME TI. Rs

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