Whew x \ & 5 Pe) Ee Gp, - : = = RNS = = Cf fis? 3 Z ee 2 : S3IYVUSEIT LIBRARIES SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION NOILNLILSNI NVINOSHLIWS n , Pe = 22) - a w = C : WY) ES = a \ = iY = : 4 Yl, = = Zz oN = Vt fy, = - 5 Up fi 3 : 2 NN PZ? BI fF g E Ws Ge = | : = = = or oS = > a . 2 aH & z a ; INSTITUTION, NOIMNLILSNI _NVINOSHLIIAS Sabavegh LIBRARIES SMITHSONIAN > x = ” : 4 =m a ‘ u = WW : 2. s cas Pi tes — EE te = cS NS SN Cc r = ~ 4 NS ~ 4 ow : 5 e Oo ae oy o a. a cal = f = = i ‘ SAIUVUGIT LIBRARIES SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION NOILALILSNI” NYINOSHLIWS , z C : > oo = is oo oO is aN i : . at eee ie o WN ; - ms - Gu re = ; n «4 ss = rust : P 2 a Z m A “INSTITUTION NOILALILSNI NVINOSHLINS S3IMYWYSIT LIBRARIES SMITHSONIAN Se ants sae } 4 rs) Oo CERITHIUM.- eve XII, ypplementcr j.) Thesaurus, Plate 299 following Pl. )#6 in Pt. 16. Fig. : 304. crrcinatuM, A. .fdams, Sowl. in Eve. Iconica, 61. Hab. Isl. Mindanao, Plilippines, Cuming. 305. Sanpvicnense, Sowd., Rve. Iconica, 87. Wab. Sand- wich Islands. 306. GRracttirormr. Sowb., Rve. Icon., 49. Hab. —-? 307. renurritosum, Sowd., rrLosuM, Sowb., Rve. Icon., 82, (the latter name pre-occupied). Hab. Isl. Bureas, Philippines. 308. Pura, Sowd., Rve. Icon., 84. Hab. Isl. Capul, Phi- lippines. 309, 310. Bermups, Sowb., Rve. Icon., 86.. Hab. Bermuda. 311. unttinnatum, Sowd., Rve. Icon., 99. Hab. Sandwich Islands. 312, unpatum, Sows. From Mr. Hanley’s collection. 313. wannum, Gould, Otia, p.62. Tab. Wilson’s Islands. 314. rocarum, Pease, Rve., 102. Hab. Sandwich Islands. 315. nivosum, Sowd., Rve. Icon., 105. Hab. re 316. AprengnsE, Sowd., Rve. Icon., 89. Hab. Aden. 317. stpHonatum, Sowd., Rve. Icon., 90. Hab, ——?P 318. ogzsuLuM, Sowd., Rve. Icon., 149. Hab. P 319. renurpunctatum, Sowd. From Mr. Hanley’s collection. 320. rantatum, Sowd., Rve. Icon., 119. Hab. Cape, Natal. 321, 322. coarcrarum, Sowd. From the collection of Mr. H. Adams.* . 323, renurscuLprum, Sowd., Rve. Icon.—Vertagus, 22. Hab. Australia. 324. BITUBERCULATUM, Sowd., Rve. Icon.—Vertagus, 17. Hab. Australia. ; 325. Gourmyt, Crosse, Journ. de Conch., 3rd serves, t. 1, nm. 2. Hab. New Caledonia. 326, semmnupuM, Sowd., Rve. Icon.—Vertagus, 24. Hab. New Caledonia. 327. Baricum, Pease, Rve. Icon., 114. Hab. Sandwich Islands. 328. aNcuLIrEeruM, Sowd., Rve. Icon—Lampania, 1. River Pelio. 329. riLosum, Gould. From Mr. Hanley’s collection. 330, rricantnatum, Pease, Rve. Icon., 127. Wab. Sand- wich Islands. 33], Hantnyanum, Sowd., Rve. Icon.—Cerithidea, 16. Hab. —— ? 339, ynscutprum, Sowd., Rve. Icon., 128. Hab., South Australia. © 333, Arrum, —? So named in Mr. Lanley’s collection. 334. pxcavatum, Suwd., Rve. Icon., 148. Hab. North Australia. * Colline Macrochisme simili, sed anfractibus mediunis angulatim inflatis, ad suturam moniliferis, wtimo contracto, infra spiraliter bicostato ; lubro valde expanso, ro arts i] AaB) eat ers CERITALOUM XII. Thes. PL. 290. WWest, unp. ¢.B. Sowerby. SY RARIES SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION Saluvudl INSTITUTIC SAluvudi INSTITUTIO < OR Ns YY S3I1YVvYRd. INSTITUTIC NOILNLILSNI NVINOSHLINS SaluvugIT_LIBRARI LNLILSNI NVINOSHLINS S3I1¥vud!IT LIBRARIES INSTITUTION NOILONILI4S 5 7) z 7) = 7) = = < <= < = Ws & - == oom ie S We : 2 \a@ : 3 2 Y&.> Ns NN 3 A ACE B io w yr, BD \ SRS WN SE E Qo 2 E oY hi = ONE yee See 5 3 - 8 LA.LILSNI_NVINOSHLINS SaINVUAIT_ LIBRARIES SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION NOILOLIt = = ” > w (ea) uJ s ul : = UV," : = << = 's 1-56 325-331 249-296 366 208 89-156 249-254 77-80 407-411 784 Plates in Thes, 256 211-214 5 257-258 140-144 167 254 173 MG =5 265 445-453 92-96 279 264 245 176-186 290 137-139 151 244 36-40 187-210 286-289 507-512* 73 245 23 31 255 217 79-80 292-328 168 Cytherea . Delphinula and Liotia . Dentalium Donax . Eburna. — (supple- mentary ) Emarginula Erato Eulima. Fasciolaria Ficula . Fissurella . Fissurellidea . Fusus Galeomma. Gastrochena, Fistulana Saxicava Gena Haliotis Harpa . Helicina Hinnites Hipponyx . Tanthina Latiaxis Leda Leiostraca . Lima Lingula Lucinopsis Macrochisma . Wow OL OO H CO Oo He Or be Go Ww WO WW ee bow or or We tw ort OF Page 611-648 153-158 97-104 305 69-72 210-220 81-84 793-800 10-16 183-202 202-203 173-174 127-134 828-832 17-38 169-172 1-16 277-302 106-138 802-804 83-88 237-238 676 205-206 Plates in Thes. 127-136 291 245-248 219 169 424>18_497 423 236-242 * 243-244 406-417" 234 470-471 173 428-44 0his 231-233 ies 266-278 20 73 44°_444 424 226-229 170 21-22 67 144 244 4. Marginella Megaloma- stoma Melo é — (supple- mentary ) Meroe Microtis Mitra Monoptygma. Murex . Nassaria Natica . Nautilus Navicella . Nerita . Neritina Niso. Nucula Neilo. Obeliscus . . Oliva Orbicula Ovulum Pecten . Pedum . Petricola Phasianella Pholas . Phos. Planaxis Pleurotomaria Phieatwlar. Pollicaria . Pomatias . Portlandia Pseudoliva Pteroceris. Pteropoda . Pupillea Pupina . Pyramidella . Pyrula . Raphaulus Registoma Rimula. Rostellaria and Vol, = eS) Wr oONWNWOW HN RW w we KF WWWEDN WHE Wor ww wwe OOIwW bh ON RH Ee & bow 609-611 840-841 547-552 105-120 507-546 800-802 147-163 805-812 365 467-484 45-78 438 771-777 149-152 485-500 89-96 171-178 183-186" 435-437 265-268 144-147 73-76 41-44 139-148 204 17-19 812-816 209-210 21 INDEX Plates in Thes, 74-78 263 81-83 262 126 175 352-379 172 380-403 220 454-462 97-98 TNs} 463-468 109-116 170 229-230 Waal 328>*_351 73 99-101 12-20 Syl 166 475-476 102-108 221-222 483-484 490-491 90-91 263 259 227 & 230 216 11 473-474 244 4 265 172 418-422 264. 264 245 5 Rotella . Scalaria Scintilla NCUnUS! 2s Sigaretus . Siliquaria . Solarium Solenella Spondylus . Stomatella Stomatia Strombus . Struthiolaria . Stylifer. Apes) T.) > Teinostoma Tellina . Terebellum Terebra Terebratula Teredo and Kuphus. Thecidium Trichotropis . — Tridacna and Hippopus Trigonia Triomphalia . Trophon ur bON Naa Typhis . — (supple- mentary ) Vanikoro and Neritopsis . Veneridz . — (supple- mentary ) Venerupis . Venus Voluta . — (1st supple- ment) — (2nd sup- plement) Xylophaga Yoldia Zeidora . EW ORR WMH ww oO wwe = Oo St H bo Or Or coe OL RR te = Page 135-138 83-1088 175-182 220-222 39-48 163-166 227-246 164-165 417-434 832-840 841-843 25-39 23 159-162 678-699 258-260 221-336 147>s_190 341-364 121-126 370 321-322 179-182 187-188 500-502 189-248 319-320 167-170 742-745 785 763-770 703-742 191-220 269-272 297-318 502 138-144 209 Plates in ‘Lhes, 472 32-35 234-235 248 -249 441 _2420is 480-481 250-254 226-227 84-89 174-176 175 6-10 5) 479 145-151 256 56-66 218 41-45 68-72 469 73 285 485-489! 492 106 404-405! 493-506 284 425 482 163 168 164-165 152-162 46-55 260-262 513-517 108 226 245 MONOGRAPH OF THE GENUS LATIAXIS, Swainson. GENERIC CHARACTER.—Testa angulatim fusiformis vel tur- binata, canali extus late umbilicato, varice spirali, exfoliata marginato.—The shells associated in our plate, and mostly supposed to belong to this genus, have one or more of certain characters which link them together so as to form in ap- pearance a natural group. The type is Pyrula Mawa, re- markable for the breadth of its umbilicated disc in the region of the canal. This character appears more or less in all the species but two, which otherwise resemble the umbilicated species so closely as to be scarcely separable. The exceptions are L. fruticosus, Gould, and L. pagoda, Adams. The species are all peculiarly sloped down towards the angle excepting L. Mawe. Species. 1. Mawa, f. 9, Gray.—Testa roseo-alba turbinata, spira elevata superne compressa, anfractibus laxatis spiraliter scabroso-suleatis, angulatis, ad angulum laminis trigonis latis crispatis coronatis, supra angulum late subplanulatis, infra medium coarctatis, ad canalem expansis late umbilicatis extus exfoliatis, apertura superne subrotunda, canali oblique tortua.—Of a remarkable form, needing no description for English readers. 2. Depurcura#, f. 5, Reeve.-—Testa subturbinata albida solida spiraliter sulcata; spira exserta, anfractibus 5 brevi- bus subacute angulatis, ad angulum laminis latis elongatis oblique extantibus sursum acclivibus coronatis, supra angulum B 2 LATIAXIS. complanatim declivibus ; ultimo infra medium coarctato, ad canalem moderate expanso exfoliato umbilicato; apertura trigona, intus lirata, margine crenato, canali breviusculo fere recto.—This species may be said to partake the characters of L. Mawe in a moderate degree, excepting in the laxity of the whorls. 3. cartnirurus, f. 6, Sowerby.—Testa quam L. Deburghia brevior latior, liris spiralibus rugoso-prominentibus, undu- latis, laminis extantibus ad angulum brevioribus.—The form is shorter, the crowning laminze shorter and the spiral ridges much more prominent and undulating. 4, unecans, f. 4, Angas.—Testa subovata albida, liris scabrosis spiralibus cincta; spira subelevata, acuminata, anfractibus acute angulatis, ad angulum laminis granosis trigonis coronatis; supra coronam declivibus; ultimo ad medium laminatim spinoso, infra angulum serrato unilirato, infra medium squamoso suleato, ad canalem tortuo; apertura subtrigona margine spinoso, canali brevi, obliquo.—The last whorl has not only the broad laminated corona on the angle, but also another inclining downwards in the middle, and a serrated ridge between. The spire is more elevated than in that of L. Deburghie. 5. Gravesi, f. 7, Broderip.—tTesta fulva angulata crassa; spira elevata acuminata, anfractibus angulatis, ad angulum spinis triangularibus compressis coronata; ultimo spinis ad angulum latis prominentibus, infra angulum lira serrata, medio et infra seriebus tribus spinarum ornato, axe angustiusculo, vix umbilicato, apertura subtrigona alba, intus lirata, margine spinoso. 6. muricatus, f. 12, 13, Hinds.—Testa alba, acute quadri- gona minute scabroso-striata; spira exserta acuminata, anfractibus acute angulatis supra angulum declivibus, ad angulum latissime spinis latis compressis coronatis, ultimo infra medium spinis latis trigonis cincto, ad canalem anguste subumbilicato.—A curious little white shell resembling the rowels of a spur when placed with its head towards the observer. The region of the canal is narrower than usual in this genus. 7. Dravema, f. 11, A. Adams.—Testa pallide roseo-fulva levi, distanter varicosa; spira elongata, acuminata, anfrac- tibus prominente scalariformihus angulatis, ad angulum alminatim spinosis, ultimo biangulato, varicibus ad angulum LATIAXIS. 3 superiorem spiris paucis ensiformibus productis et infra medium minoribus ornatis, apertura brevi, margine quadri- spinoso; canalis margine exfoliato, axe subanguste umbilicata ; apertura intus lirata.—The whorls are ornamented at their upper angle by produced curved flattened and notched spine- like processes arising from distant varices. 8. EXFOLIATUS, f. 15, Sowerby.—Testa alba, quam L. dia- dema angustior, spira haud tantum exserta, spinis ad an- gulum anfractuum minoribus, axe haud umbilicata, canali angusto; apertura intus levi—-Having much the general appearance of L. diadema, but the produced flattened spines at the angle of the whorls are not nearly so large. In the specimen figured the one at the angle of the mouth is bilobed. The great difference, however, is in the narrow- ness of the varicose canal and the absence of an umbilicus. The name pagodus applied by A. Adams to this shell was preoccupied ; see sp. 10. 9. rruricosus, f. 8, Gouwld.—Testa alba tenuis breviter subovata; spira breviuscula anfractibus angulatis, supra angulum declivibus, ad angulum et medio spinis tuberosis ornatis; apertura trigona, margine lobato, umbilico parvo, margine trifariam tuberculato.—The umbilicus in this curious little species is narrow but not wanting, as in the preceding species; it is bordered by three rows of small tubercles. The spines are not compressed but tubular. 10. Paconus, f. 2, 3, Jonas.—Testa oblique quadrata pallide fulva, vel subrosea, liris serratis spiralibus sculpta, ad an- gulum anfractuum carina squamifera undulata marginata ; anfractibus subacute angulatis, supra angulum declivibus, ultimo infra medium contracto, versus canalem varice ex- foliato marginato subanguste umbilicato, canali spiraliter subtortuo.—Angularly fusiform, with prominently angular whorls, bordered at the angle with an undulated and serrated keel and all over with finely serrated close ridges. 11. rortiis, f. 1, A. Adams.—Testa L. pagodo similis, sed multo magis rude sculpta, canali breviori.—Translucently white, with the serrated ridges much coarser and fewer than in the last. The lower part of the last whorl is less ventricose and more angular. 12. ayratus, f. 12, Hinds.—Testa parva, L. pagodo similis sed minutissime sculpta, carina serrata, ad angulum 4 LATIAXIS. anfractuum magis prominenti et regulariimExactly like a miniature representation of L. pagodus, a small shell, with sculpture minute in proportion; the keel, however, being more prominent and more regular. 13. Evernraz, f. 16, Bernardi.—Testa ventricosa sub- pyruleformis, spiraliter regulariter suleata subrosea; spira subconcava, anfractibus obtusissime angulatis, supra angulum concavis declivibus, ultimi angulo supra suturam elevato, umbilico lato, arcuatim elongato; canali oblique tortuo.— The whorls are obtusely angular above the suture, and are slightly concave above the angle, which is very obtuse. The whole surface is spirally grooved. 14. noposus, f. 17.—Testa alba brevis; spira conica, anfractibus rotunde angulatis, ad angulum nodulis rotundis ornata, spiraliter liris crebris minute serratis cincta ; umbilico lato, margine serrato; apertura pyriformi, canali brevi, tortuo.—Short and white, with a row of nodules at the rounded angle of the whorls. 15. rHopostoma, f. 14, A. Adams.—Testa oblongo-fusi- formis subaurea, late fusco-rubescenti trifasciata, spiraliter sulcata, sulcis serratis, spira elevata acuminata, anfractibus declivibus, infra prope suturam rotundatim angulatis, longi- tudinaliter plicatis, plicis rotundis, prominentibus ; umbilico brevi latissimo, margine serrato; apertura rosea, subquadrata, margine crenato, canali oblique tortuo.—Although this has not the decidedly angular whorls of most species, the umbilicated region of the canal is very characteristic of the genus. The spire is longer and the umbilicus wider than in any other species. It is coloured with three broad bands. ALPHABETICAL INDEX TO LATIAXIS. io? Ss ig?) : p- 3. cariniferus, Sby. f. 6. 12. gyratus, Hinds. f. 10. 2. Deburghie, Rve. f. 5. 1. Mawe, Cray, f. 9. 7. diadema, A. Ad. f. 11. 6. muricatus, Hinds. f. 12, 4. elegans, Angas, f. 4. 13. 8. exfoliatus, Sby. f. 15. 14. nodosus, Adams, f. 17. 13. Eugenix, Bernardi, f. 16. 10. pagoda, Jonas, f. 2, 3. 9. fruticosus, Gould, f. 8. 15. rhodostoma, A. Ad. f. 14. 5. Gravesii, Brod. f. 7. 11. tortilis, A. Ad. f. 1. a, ’ “>, bs yo en Cae eS ta ee ee MONOGRAPH OF THE GENUS FASCIOLARIA. Testa canalifera late fusiformis, medio vel supra medium ventricosa, epidermide plerumque tenui induta; apertura pyriformi, supra medium extensa, labio interno versus su- turam calioso et canalifero, supra canalem triplicato, plica inferiori majori, canali aperto. Operculum corneum, unguicu- latum.—Distinguished among fusiform channelled shells by the three plaits on the columella increasing in size down- wards. F'. porphyrostoma and F. Thersites are aberrant in form. Species. 1. GIGANTEA, f. 1, 2, 29, 30, Kiener (Orb. ante ?).—Testa magna ventricosa, solidiuscula, fulvo-rubescens, spiraliter costis latis complanatis et minoribus intermediis cincta; an- fractibus supra medium angulatis, tuberculis maximis solidis munitis; apertura rubescenti, quam spira longiori labio externo expanso, margine undato, canali recto brevi lato ; epidermide fusco crassiusculo.—Figs. 1 and 2 represent, in my view, the young state of this species, named by my late father FP’. papillosa (Tanc. Cat. App.) as received by Reeve and others, and probably F. Fischeriana by Kuster. Fig. 29 is from the British Museum specimen nearly two feet long, and f. 30 from a fine, less-developed specimen in Mr. Hanley’s collection. The shell figured by Kiener ranks be- tween the two latter, and completes the chain connecting F. papillosa with F. gigantea. 2. princers, f. 5, Sowerby.—Testa elongato-fusiformis, utrinque acuminata, aurantia, epidermide fusco crasso induta, G 10 FASCIOLARIA. spiraliter costis rotundis distantibus cincta; spira eleganter producta, anfractibus infra medium angulatim nodulosis ; apertura pyriformi, vivide aurantia, intus rubro-lineata mar- gine externo undulato, duplicatim dentato; operculo orna- tim sulcato et laqueato.--Of a more elegantly sloping form than F. gigantea, and having a deeply grooved and fluted operculum. 3. coronatTa, p. 3, Lamarck.—Testa breviuscula fusiformis fulvo-flavida vel fusco subeinerea, costellis distantibus et alteris minoribus intermediis spiraliter cincta ; spira medioeri, anfractibus supra medium angulatis declivibus, ad angulum nodosis.—Figs. 14. a. b. and c. d. in Reeve’s Iconica probably represent the same species, the former most nearly resem- bling our fig. 3. In the collection of the late Mr. Taylor there is a brighter shell with a more open texture. 4, rusirormis, f. 4, 31, Valenciennes.—Testa pallide fulva vel ferruginea, gracile fusiformis spiraliter sulcata ; anfractibus medio brevibus, superne subangulatis, superioribus tuberculosis ; apertura supra canalem rotunda, margine cre- nato.—The figure in Kiener’s Monograph is rounder and less tubercular than the shell we figure from the British Museum as identified by Reeve for F. fusiformis. Still the two may possibly be but variations of the same species. Our figure 31 is copied from Kiener, who gives it as from type in the French Museum. It resembles #’. crocatws, Phil. 5. Luaupris, f. 10, 24, Adams and Reeve.—Testa sub- pyriformis, fusco-cinerea, liris et striis intermediis spiraliter cincta; spira conica breviuscula, acuminata, anfractibus angulatis, superne declivibus, ad angulum subnodosis ; apice acuminato subpapilloso; apertura pyriformi, columella superne canaliculata, margine externo acute denticulato, canali brevi, infra subacuminato; epidermide crassiuscula, fusea.—This species was named as above several years before its publication by Krauss as F. badia. Our fig. 10 is from an uncharacteristic specimen. F. 26 is reduced from Mr. Hanley’s type specimen. 6. FILAMENTOSA, f. 6, 7, 8, 9, Martini.—Testa anguste fusiformis, striis tenuibus et filis albis, aurantiis et nigris varie taniata; anfractibus plerumque angulatis ad angulum nodosis, nodis frequenter fusco maculatis; spira producta, FASCIOLARIA. 1a acuminata ; canali elongato, angusto truncato.—Our figure 7 corresponds fairly with Lamarck’s description of his #. ferru- ginea, which, with Kiener, I regard as a variety of this species with more rounded and less tuberculated whorls. 7. TRAPEZIUM, f. 21, 22, 33, Linneus.—Testa solida, quadrilateralis, epidermide fusca induta, spiraliter rubro- lineata, supra medium angulato et tuberculis magnis armato, anfractu ultimo infra conspicue vel inconspicue tuber- culato; spira breviuscula, canali lato, truncato; apertura magna, intus striata et rubro lineata, margine denticulato.— The extreme form fig. 21 and the rather cylindrical shell f. 23, have been separated as sub-species by Jonas under the names of ponderosa and Audouinit. 8. Hrynemant, f. 11, Dunker.—Testa fusco-aurantia, levis, subpyrulata; spira brevi, anfractibus prope suturam angulatis, ad angulum tuberculis oblongo-rotundis armatis, supra angulum declivibus ; apertura pyriformi, alba leviter purpurea suffusa; anfractu ultimo obscurissime bilirato.—A very characteristic Cape shell, of which the only specimens I have seen are much worn, and have lost the purple tints from which the species may have been named. 9. nigNaRIA, f. 18, Linnwus.—Testa angusta, recta turrita fusiformis, subviride fulva, fusco fasciata lsevis ; spira producta, anfractibus angulatis, ad angulum acute tuberculatis, canali brevi, recto, truncato.—This well-known Mediterranean species is the F. Tarentina of Lamarck. 10. Aurantiaca, f. 20, Lamarck.—Testa ventricosa, subquadrangulata, aurantio rubroque variegata, spiraliter quadriseriatim tuberculata, duplicatim sulcata, spira bre- viuscula, anfractibus angulatis, ad angulum _ tuberculis magnis munitis; apertura pyriformi, intus striata, margine denticulato, canali brevi lato.—Commonly called the ‘ Per- sian vest’ according to Lamarck, without reference to its locality, which is unknown. 11. Persica, f. 19, Reeve.—Testa quam F. awrantiaca latior, sulcis magis distantibus, tuberculis majoribus, inter- stitiis maculis nigrescentibus ornatis——A much broader and heavier shell than F. awrantiaca, with more distant flat- tened grooves, and larger tubercles. 12 FASCIOLARIA. 12. cranoga, f. 25, Broderip. — Testa subpyriformis levis, spiraliter suleata, epidermide granulato induta; spira brevi lato, anfractibus angulatis, ad angulum tuberculis trigonis magnis acutis armata; apice papilloso; apertura pyriformi, salmonea, labio interno levi lato, labio externo denticulato, canali producto acuminato.—The granular character of the epidermis is not conspicuous except in advanced stages of growth. 13. satmo, f. 26, Deshayes.—Testa leevis, castanea spira- liter leviter suleata, pyriformis, superne bulbiformis, ventri- cosa, epidermide laviusculo induta, spira brevi, apice papil- loso, anfractibus angulatis, tuberculatis; tuberculis anfractuum superiorum rotundis, vix prominentibus, versus ultimum crescentibus, frequenter magnis acuminatis canali subtortuo, acuminato; apertura pyriformi, salmonea, labio interno levi tumido, labio externo denticulato.—The epidermis is smooth, anda sort of obliquity appears to be characteristic of the species. The tubercles are more rounded and less prominent than those of the preceding in the upper whorls, but enlarge towards the last. 14. Tuersirss, f. 15, Reeve.—Testa alba, spiraliter striata, gracile fusiformis; spira breviuscula ; anfractibus brevibus, superioribus angustis, antepenultimo et penultimo angulatis et tuberculis magnis armatis, ultimo subquadrato, tuberculis costeformibus paucis magnis munito; canali elongato, tor- tuo.—A white striated shell, with a rather square, short body-whorl, having large tubercles lengthened into thick ribs, and a long narrow tortuons canal. 15, tuipa, f, 12, 13, 14.—Testa ovato-fusiformis, levis vel leviter striata, griseo-fulvescens, maculis castaneis irregulari- bus triseriatim fasciata, vel aurantia rufo variegata, anfracti- bus ad suturam plus minusve sulgatis et crenulatis, spiraliter nigro aut fusco lineatis; apertura pyriformi, margine crenato et lineato.—F. Schepmachert is the name of the variety fig. 12, which is a little more generally ribbed, and has rather less ventricose whorls. The name ‘ canaliculata’ may have been given to some specimen with an unusually cha- nelled suture. ' 16. pistans, f. 16, 17, Lamarck.—Testa quam F. tulipa brevior, magis ovata, magis levis, lineis nigrescentibus FASCIOLARIA. 13 distantibus cincta ; anfractibus ad suturam haud crenulatis, haud sulcatis.—The striz, which in the preceding species appear in the upper and lower parts of the shell, although seldom all over, are quite absent in this species. This, together with the distant spiral lines and the absence of crenulation or groove at the suture will sufficiently distinguish between the two. 17. porPHYROsTOMA, f. 27, 28, Adams and Reeve.—Testa clavata, albida, pallida, superne ventricosa; spira_brevi, apice papilloso ; anfractibus brevibus ; prope suturam angu- latis, ad angulum regulariter tuberculatis, supra angulum declivibus; canali elongato retrorsim elevato.—This shell seems to bear the same relation to other species of the genus Fasciolaria as Murex Motacilla does to Murices geuerally, ALPHABETICAL INDEX TO FASCIOLARIA antonit, Recl. = coronata, sp. 3. audouinit, Jonas = trape- zium, sp. 7. aurantiaca, Sowb. by error, princeps, sp. 5. aurantiaca, 10, Lamk. f. 20. badia, Krauss. LUGUBRIS, sp. 5. canaliculatus, Val. tulipa, sp. clava, Jonas = persica, sp. 11 coronata, 3, Lamk. f. 3. crocata, Phil. = fusiformis, sp. 4. distans, 16, Lamk. f. 16, 17. ferruginea, Lamk. = fila- mentosa, sp. 6. filamentosa, 6, Martini, f. 6-9. fischeriana, Kuster = gigan- tea, sp. l. fusiformis, 4, Val. f. 4. gigantea, 1, Kiener, f. 1, 2, 29, 30. granosa, 12, Brod. § Sowb. f. 25. henymani, 8, Dunker. f. 11. lignaria, 9, Linn. f. 18. Iugubris, 5, dd. & Five. f. 10, 24. papillosa, tea, sp. 1. persica, 11, Rve. f. 19. ponderosa, Jonas = trape- zium, sp. 7. porphyrostoma, 17, Ad. & Rve. p. 27, 28. princeps, 2, Sowb. f. 5. purpurea, Jonas = Heyne- mani. rugosa, Val. = tulipa. salmo, 13, Desh. f. 26. Sowb. = gigan- schepmackeri, Dunk. = tu- lipa, sp. 15. tarentina, Lamk. lignaria, sp. 9. thersites, 14, Rve. f. 15. trapezium, 7, Linn. f. 21, 22, 23. tulipa, 15, Linn. f. 12-14. valenciennesi, Kiener = Sal- mo, sp. 13. MONOGRAPH OF THE GENUS HALIOTIS. Padollus et Teinotis inclusis. Harrotis, Linneus.—Testa oblique auriformis, plerumque ovata, interdum orbicularis, raro attenuata, versus marginem sinistrum spiraliter angulata, foraminibus plerumque_ bre- viter tubiformibus uno serie sequentibus, prioribus tectis, ultimis quatuor ad duodecenis apertis perforata ; intus mar- garitacea, extus plerumque spiraliter et interdum concentrice sculpta, varie picta; spira brevissima, aperta amplissima, labio interno arcuato, planato, margaritaceo.—The ear- shaped spiral shell, with a series of perforations on the left side, is too familiar to need description, except as a matter of form. Unlike many other genera, the genus Haliotis is perfectly isolated in its characters, so that it cannot be con- fused with any others. The only shells similar in form are found in such genera as Stomatia, Sigaretus, &c., and these have not the series of perforations on the left side so charac- teristic of Haliotis. With regard, however, to the dis- tinction of species, there are few reliable characters to be depended on. For instance, the number of perforations suc- cessively left open in the Jater stages of growth is no cri- terion, except in one or two possible cases; and within the supposed limits of a species there are often nearly as many and as great variations in sculpture, form, convexity, &c., as between it and the nearest allied species. The genus Padollus has been needlessly separated on account of a spiral swelling without, corresponding to a channel within, about half-way between the suture and the ridge of perfora- tions; and TZeinotis on account of its very attenuated form. E 18 HALIOTIS. Species. 1. qigaNTEA, f. 44, 45, 50, Chemnitz. — Testa magna ovata convexa oblique undulatim rugata, spiraliter liris subdistantibus subplanatis interstitiis planatis sculpta ; area marginali lata, corrugata, nonnunquam costa tuberculata magna divisa; disco externo rubescenti, vel obscure fusco ; foraminibus magnis, erectis, tubulosis; labio interno con- eavo arcuato, medio expanso.—The very large tubes surround- ing the holes is the chief characteristic in this large Japanese species. There are three varieties as shewn in our figures. At first these appeared sufficiently marked to require specific distinction, but on examining a number of large specimens in the British Museum and Taylorian collections, I found the characters on which I should have relied to be inter- changeable. Fig. 45 is from a small specimen. 2. nontnata, f. 124, Sowerby.— Testa parva ovata de- pressa fusca, concentrice rugata, liris validis spiralibus super rugas squamoso-spinosas sculpta, area marginali costis tribus spiniferis lirata et rugata; spira prominula, acuminata, tuberculis foraminiferis tubiformibus extantibus. — Small, oval, depressed, dark brown, concentrically wrinkled, sculp- tured with strong spiral ridges forming squamose spines on the wrinkles, marginal area with three rows of spines. Quite possibly the unworn young state of H. gigantea, but whether as a state or species, it is unique in Mr. Hauley’s collection. 3. Sresoipi, f. 72, Reeve.—Testa concava, obliqua, rubra, antice attenuata spiraliter planato-lirata; spira terminali ; labio interno obliquo, area marginali angusta.—I am strongly inclined to believe this one-sided shell to be an abortion of H, gigantea. 4, RurEScENS, f. 35, Swatnson.—Testa magna, crassa, ovata, spiraliter rugose costata, oblique tuberculis crassis magnis undata, rubra ; intus vivide purpureo viridique irides- centi; medio laminis fuscis ornata; foraminibus magnis, paucis tumidis.—A very thick, large, rugose shell; the ir- regular spiral ribs being crossed with large tumid, oblique swellings. Mr. Hanley’s magnificent specimen here figured as reduced, is of a uniform coral red outside, while the inside iridescence exhibits all the colours in great strength, HALIOTIS. 19 ornamented with a sort of dark-margined lamination, green and purple predominating. H. ponderosa of C. B. Adams is probably a more than ordinarily thick and convex variety of this species. 5. Discus, p. 32, Reeve. — Testa ovata, oblonga, tenuis levis, obscure fusca, leviter spiraliter sulcata, oblique rugis elongatis undata, angulo dorsali acuta, area marginali perpen- diculariter profunda tuberculis foraminiferis prominentibus subdistantibus, quaternis perviis; spira prominenti sub- terminali.—A larger range of specimens would probably connect this with H. Kamschathana. 6. KamscuarKana, f. 33, 34, Jonas.—Testa ovata, tumida, fusca, versus spiram coloribus numerosis variegata, spiraliter leviter suleata, oblique rugis magnis tuberosis undulata versus aream spiralem tumida, area marginali supra medium concava, tum tumida, tuberculata; tuberculis foraminiferis prominentibus, subdistantibus, paucis.—It is chiefly in a young state that the shell exhibits a mottling of various colours, after which the colours tone down to brown or dull red. ‘There is a considerable swelling in the area from the suture and the middle, and the shells are less ovate-oblong than those of discus, although intermediate specimens may perhaps lead to the union of the apparent two species. 7. CoRRUGATA, f. 26, pl. iv. Gray.—Testa ovata, crassa, valde convexa, spiraliter nodoso-lirata, nodulis irregularibus rugs obliquas irregulares efformantibus ; spira decumbenti, fora- minibus magnis, area marginali tuberculifera ; viridi fuscoque fasciatim picta, intus vivide maculis purpureo-iridescentibus ornata foraminibus magnis, paucis, tumidis.—A thick, convex shell, with spiral knobbed ridges, crossed obliquely by tubercular wrinkles. The interior pearl is_ brilliantly iridescent with purple and green, and the muscular impres- sion is curiously inlaid with dark semicircular lines; tuber- cular perforations few, large, tumid. 8. mari#, f. 40, 41, Gray.—Testa etate juniori compla- nata subrugata spiraliter latissime costata, deinde convexa, tuberculata, ad marginem externum lobata, tuberculis forami- niferis magnis.—The identity of H. marie of Gray with the dentata of Jonas must be taken partly on the authority of Mr. Reeve, who compared his shell with drawings sent by Mr. Jonas. In the specimen which I figure (41), the flatness of the early growth is very remarkable, and so is the tran- 20 HALIOTIS. sition of character to be seen in the after-growth. A valu- able specimen in the possession of Mr. Hanley illustrates an intermediate stage of growth. On the whole, the evidence of identity is not absolute. 9. ris, f. 24, 25, Gmelin.—Testa ovalis oblonga fusco- viridis, rugis oblique radiantibus et liris spiralibus, inter- stitiis concavis sculpta, spira parva, subterminali, apertura vivide cxruleo, purpureo, viridique iridescenti, labio interno lato, planato.—The obliquely radiating wrinkles and decussat- ing strie tend to form symmetrically arranged pits between them. In the brilliant iridescence of the interior, green and purple prevail. 10. virGinea, f. 92, Chemnitz.—Testa convexa, ovato-ob- longa, fusco-viridis, albo fulgurata, spiraliter granoso-lirata, ob- lique plicata, spira subterminali, foraminibus, vix exsertis, area marginali declivi; apertura viride iridescenti, tenuiter rugata.—This shell is unmistakably figured in Chemnitz as H. virginea. Dunker has seen this and figured it beau- fully. Reeve applied the name to a shell which is plainly the true marmorata of Linnzeus, and followed Philippi in giving the name of H. Gibba to the present species. It is an oval shell, having a sort of ‘quilted’ texture, and a beautiful green iridescence within. 11. Grayana, f. 87, 111, Sowerby. — Testa ovata, con- vexiuscula subdepressa, spiraliter depresso-costata, subviride fulva, maculis postice marginatis variegata, labio externo circa spiram expanso et extenso; spira subterminali.—The supposed identification of this species as H. marmorata of Linnzus by the late Dr. Gray must be regarded as a mistake. The characters given do not identify it, and there are no specimens of it in the Linnean collection, whereas the early conchological writers, including Gmelin, refer to Martini’s fig. 139, t. 14, v. 1, as illustrating the Linnean species, and that figure corresponds with specimens in the Linnzan cabinet. H. Grayana is a finely marked shell with spiral grooves, rather flat, and remarkable for the manner in which the outer lip coils round the spire at the suture. 12. SPLENDENS, f. 37, 38, 105, 106, Reeve.—Testa magna, fusca vel fusco-viridis ovalis, depressa, solida, concentrice tenuiter striata, spiraliter plano-lirata, liris latis, tenuissime crenatis, interstitiis angustis planatis; spira subterminali, sub- HALIOTIS. oi decumbenti; foraminibus tubiformibus, mediocris ; apertura splendide viridi, purpureo luteoque iridescenti, labio interno crasso.— The well-known large, oval, flat-ridged species with a green and purple iridescence is easy to distinguish from other species. I have no doubt that Mr. Reeve’s H. planilirata was described from a specimen of the green variety in a young state, of which the exact counterpart can be traced towards the apex of some full-grown specimens. Fig. 105, with somewhat more robust sculpture, and white spots in the centre, is from specimens in the British Museum. WH. inter- texta of Lischke I believe to be a variety half grown. 13. Rnugoso-PLicaTAa, f. 9, 10, 53, Chemnitz. — Testa ovalis, oblonga, valde concava, arcuata, pallide fulva nonnun- quam radiatim variegata, spiraliter tenuiter nodoso-lirata, oblique radiatim regulariter rugata, foraminibus numerosis prominentibus; area marginali tricostata; apertura argentea, eleganter rugata.—Of an oval, arched and convex form, beau- tifully wrinkled with spiral and radiating ridges crossing each other obliquely. This sculpture is inversely shewn in the interior. I was about to name Mr. Hanley’s little shell (fig. 53) as new, but found it to be a young specimen of the present species. 14. Cracueropi, f. 13, Leach. — Testa dense viridis nigrescens levis ovata, moderate convexa, crassiuscula, fora- minibus distantibus, depressis; intus argentea.—A large dark, green, smooth, oval shell, with few distant holes. 15. catirorniensis, f. 14, Swainson. — Testa H. Cra- cherodii similis sed magis convexa, foraminibus multo magis numerosis et approximatis.—Like 7. Cracherodii, but a much more rounded and convex shell, with much more numerous and approximate holes. 16. quaBra, f. 1, 2, Chemnitz. — Testa ovalis, depressa, viridi-lutea, maculis fulvis acute angulatis variegata, laevigata plus minusve leviter striata foraminibus parvis, spira fere immersa subterminali; intus argentea, labio interno angusto, planulato.—The angular brown spots which variegate this smooth oval shell are sometimes drawn out into elongated points. Norr.—Ziczac, Reeve, described as being more deeply striated than this species, cannot be distinguished in a number 29 HALIOTIS. of specimens, which vary in striation as well as in markings from each other. 17. Taytortana, f. 91, Reeve. — Testa oblongo-ovalis, sublevigata, postice subattenuata, fusco viridis, maculis fuscis nigro-marginatis picta, spiraliter leviter lirata intus argentea, labio externo circa spiram extenso.—Of an elongate oval form, with a generally smooth appearance, only modified by slightly raised spiral ridges. The dark-edged spots upon a blended brown and green ground form a strong character in good specimens. 18. marmorata, f. 88, 89, Linnewws.—Testa ovalis, sub- concava, striis spiralibus, varie duplicatis et alternatis cum striis tenuibus decussata, medio vix depressa, rubra, maculis albis medianis vel lateralibus variegata ; foraminibus parvis, vix elevatis, area marginali lata subequaliter striata ; aper- tura antice subtruncata, labio interno lato, planulato.—The late Mr. Reeve figures the variety, fig. 89, as virginea of Chemnitz, evidently by error. A somewhat smaller and more rosy specimen is the type of his H. rosacea. Dunker figures the variety fig. 88 as twberculata var. striata of Linneus. To me it seems plain that the species now given is the true marmoratus of Linneus, as figured by Martini and accepted by Gmelin and Dillwyn. It is the decussata of Philippi. 19. Grunert, f. 57, Philippi.— Testa ovalis subcom- planata, concentrice leviter undulatim plicata, spiraliter liris elevatis, crebris minutissime squamosis sculpta; fusca rufescens, maculis magnis vividis variegata; tuberculis foraminiferis parviusculis, 9 perviis; intus argentea.—The very finely scaled ridges give a softened raspiness of texture to this beautiful shell, which is brown, varied with spots of darker colour. 20. tuBERCULATA, f. 66, 67, 102, 115, Linnewws.—Testa ovata convexiuscula, tenuiter spiraliter striata, fusco, rubro, vel viridiangulatim variegata ; radiatim plus minusveirregulariter plicata ; area marginali post angulum foraminiferum excavata, tum versus marginem tumida, rugose lirata.—-Generally of the usual oval form, with a tendency to shew undulating plaits ; strize variable, seldom raised, in couplets or equal; marginal area hollow under the tubercular ridge, then turned and coarsely ribbed. The elongated specimen, f. 102, belong- HALIOTIS. 23 ing to Mr. Hanley, has occasioned some doubt, but the characters are not sufficiently decided for separation. In this species the young shells are generally rather narrower than when more mature. Fig. 115 represents a very ordinary appearance of the younger stage, and it seems probable that the H. striata of Linnzeus is from a similar young specimen, of which there are several in his collection. 21. pistrIATA, f. 99, 100, Gmel.—tTesta H. tuberculate similis, sed liris validis rugosis elevatis, decussatis, plerum- que alternatis sculpta—Like 7. tuberculata, but having thick raised ribs roughened with cross striz, unequal and sometimes alternate. It is difficult to find a definite line of demarcation between this species and the more coarsely sculptured varieties of the preceding. 22. aurernata, f. 51, Sowerby. — Testa ovata, concava subviridis, maculis subquadratis super costas picta, costis undulatis latis, alternis minoribus sculpta; spira elevatius- cula, lata, apertura argentea labio interno lato complanato. —Distinguished by broad flattened, alternating ridges upon which are painted occasional brown spots. The specimen here figured is slightly undulated, but some occur in the British Museum in which the undulations are raised into thick wrinkles. 23. aQquatiLis, f.97, Reeve.-—Testa H. tuwherculate similis, striis spiralibus fere evanidis ; pallide fulva, maculis magnis fusco-viridis angulatim undatis picta, versus marginem liris sublaminatis concentricis rugata.—A shell in which the striz are nearly obsolete, ranging between H. tuberculata and H. laminata, having the form of one and a few laminated ridges like those of the other. It may perhaps be only a variety of the former, which sometimes shews similar ridges. 24. sepicutaTa, f. 60, Reeve.—Testa ovata subconvexa, radiatim irregulariter plicata, spiraliter costellis erectis acute rugosis lirata, fusco subviride variegata. Formed like J/. tuberculata, but ridged with close-set elevated and sharply roughened riblets, which are much more close and equal than those of H. bistriata. 25. pertusa, f. 58, Reeve. — Testa ovata oblonga sub- levigata, spiraliter punctatim incisa, fusea, versus marginem externum laminatim plicata; foraminibus subconspicuis.— 24 HALIOTIS. The characters of this species are not very decided; the pricks in the grooves being difficult to see without a lens, They are caused, as in other species, by fine crossing striz which are obsolete on the flat surface of the ridges. 26. mMuLTipERFoRATA, f. 59, Reeve. — Testa ovato-subob- longa, antice attenuata, fusco viridique variegata, subrugosa, spira parva, cuprea; foraminibus numerosis, rotundis.—I doubt much whether this species is specifically distinct from H. sanguinea, but it does not shew the same width and inflation in the spiral or upper portion, nor the same degree of contraction in the middle, and towards the end. 27. sancuineA, f. 93, 94, Hanley.—Testa ovato-oblonga, postice subrotunda, tumida, antice subattenuata medio con- tracta, fusca nigricanti, oblique rugata; foraminibus rotundis, approximatis ; area marginali spiraliter lirata; aper- tura argentea, intus ad spiram sanguineo tincta.—Swollen towards the spine, contracted in the middle and attenuated towards the anterior extremity, darkly coloured and wrinkled. The apex outside has a coppery tint and inside a streak of blood-colour. It is difficult to distinguish very young speci- mens of this from those of H. Mide, but the former shew a minute spiral beading, and the latter are smooth. 28. ruGosA, f. 98, Reeve. — Testa fusca, irregulariter ovata, concentrice subundata, spiraliter valide lirata, liris inzequalibus, planatis, carina tuberculifera elevata foraminibus majusculis ; area marginali rugose lirata.—A coarsely ribbed brown shell, with the tuberculiferous ridge prominent and the holes rather large. 29. LAMELLOSA, f. 27, 29, 30, Lamarck.—Testa ovato- oblonga, spiraliter conspicue lirata, concentrice oblique pli- cata, plicis elevatis, undatis, subramosis, angulo tuberculifero elevato acuto, area dorsali excavata, medio costata——The variety f. 29 Japonica, Reeve, differs no more from the typical ideal than other varieties differ among themselves. 30. RETICULATA, f. 76, 96, 122, 126, Reeve.—Testa ovato- oblonga depresso-subeomplanata, spiraliter striata, obscure fusca, maculis subtrigonis fuscis et parvis albidis reticulata, angulo submarginali clevato, acuto; prope marginem exter- num nonnunquam laminatim rugata.—I can see no reasona- ble ground for separating Reeve’s incisa, f. 76, or the var. f. HALIOTIS. 25 96, with a few laminated wrinkles, from this species. The angular markings, cut up into a sort of reticulation and intermingled in some varieties with white specks, constitute the peculiarity of the species, which is flattened and very angular at the dorsal ridge. 31. Janus, f. 81, Reeve.—Testa H. reticulate similis, spi- raliter striata, medio et versus suturam aurantio-subviridis, disco versus angulum dorsalem late albo fasciato, maculis magnis purpureo-fuscis picto.—It. is with some doubt that I treat this species as distinct from the preceding, but the dorsal dise is spirally divided into two parts as to colour, namely, the half nearest the spire dull orange, and that near the ridge white with dark spots. 32. specrosa, f. 107, 108 (?), 123, Reeve-—Testa oblongo- ovata planulata, medio depressa, spiraliter subleevigatim striata, fulva, maculis maximis rubris nigro-marginatis picta, margine tuberculifero valde angulato; foraminibus par- viusculis, approximatis.—Oblong-ovate, rather flat, depressed in the middle, variegated with red or orange patches of colour, the patches being bordered with dark lines. The perforated tubercles are rather small. It is not easy to fix the bounds of this species, but it is probable that the very similarly formed shell taken haphazard by Mr. Reeve for H, striata, Linn. f. (108), belongs to it, although the style of variegation is unlike. 33. Cocctnna, f. 64, 95, 120, Reeve.—Testa oblongo- subovata, tate juniorl rugosa, vivide coccineo variegata, deinde spiraliter subrugose lirata, concentrice rude plicata interstitiis tenuissime striatis, area marginali spiraliter lirata. —As in the case of many other species when the early character differs from the after-development, the change takes place at various stages. Thus we have a shell, say an inch and three- quarters long, retaining the early crumpled scarlet-mottled character, and another large brown shell sculptured with flat- tened ridges, and only half an inch of the bright variegated red towards the spire. The specimen figured as 120 is from the late Mr. Taylor’s collection, and is peculiar in the dupli- cate character of some of the ridges and the widening of the shell towards the anterior termination. 34. zeLanpica, f. 90, Reeve.-—Testa ovato-oblonga, fulva, maculis trigonis fuscis variegata, tenuiter liratim inequaliter Pr 26 HALIOTIS. sculpta.—This shell does not differ very greatly from some variations of H. nebulata. It has a more elongated form, and a different character of marking. 35. NEBULATA, f. 8, 56, Reeve.-—Testa oblongo-ovata viridi fuscoque nebulata, convexa, levigata, inter liras planatas inciso-striata ; spira angusta, subterminali, exserta; area marginali rotundata acute lirata.—Oblong-ovate, green and brown, clouded with generally undefined spots, sculptured with incised striz defining flat ridges. Spire small, promi- nent; holes small. H. revelata, of Deshayes (56) found on the shores of the Mauritius, is plainly identical with this. 36. astnina, f. 3, 4, Linnwws.—Testa elongata, angusta, arcuata, levigata, utrinque tumida, medio depressa, postice acuminata, antice subtruncata, versus spiram distanter lirata, glauca, viridi vel fusco angulatim variegata ; area marginali leviter distanter lirata; intus argentea, labio externo medio sinuoso; labio interno tenui, erecto, foraminibus majusculis ; spira parva, terminali.—This long and elegantly arched species is well known, and the propriety of its name acknowledged. The side nearest the suture is swelled in its whole length, the middle depressed, and the other side rounded. The apex is nearly terminal and acuminated, and the anterior end is truncated. 37. Hantryana, f. 28, Sowerby.—Testa rubro variegata, intus argentea, rugosa, anguste subtrapezoidea, concentrice rugis crassis elevatis undulatis laminata, spiraliter elevatim lirata, liris ineequalibus, subalternatis; spira acuta, valde elevata, anfractibus angulatis ; area marginali tuberculatim costata.—Laminated more thickly and roughly than H. la- mellosa, and chiefly remarkable for its exserted and elevated spire, in which respect it resembles H. stomaticeformis. I am indebted for this beautiful species to Mr. Sylvanus Hanley. 38, STOMATLEFORMIS, f. 22, 23, Reeve.-—Testa oblique oblonga subtrapezoidea, spiraliter inciso-striata, versus spiram tumida, concentrice liris elevatis rugata; medio depressa ad angulum acuta, tuberculis parvis; pallide fulva, maculis apgulatis aurantiacis variegata; spira elevata exserta, an- fractibus angulatis; apertura antice subquadrata.—This shell, like H. Hanleyana and H. elevata, has the spire much raised, so as to resemble Stomatia phymotis. The variety HALIOTIS. a7 figured in our last plate represents H. neglecta of Philippi, and is undoubtedly identical with our present species. 39. ELEVATA, f. 116, 117, Sowerby.—Testa oblique sub- trapezoidea, stomatieformis, subviridis, viridi versus angulum late fasciata, spiraliter elevatim lirata, liris squamatis; spira elevata cuprea, anfractibus obtuse angulatis.—Having the same stomatia-like form as the preceding, but with strong scaly ridges, and the whorls of the elevated spire more sloped. 40. squamata, f. 62, 68, 118, Aeeve.—Testa ovato-oblonga angusta arcuata, spiraliter rude et inzequaliter lirata, liris squamosis ; plerumque rubro et fusco variegata.—Our fig. 68 doubtlessly represents the most characteristic, because the most scaly, form of this species. Fig. 62 is less roughly squamose. It is a beautifully mottled shell belonging to Mr. Hanley. It is difficult to know where H. syuamata ends and where the next species, H. funebris, begins, but I think fig. 70, repre- senting a shell with smooth ridges, fairly meets the descrip- tion of the latter. 41. runesris, f. 70, Reeve.—Testa H. squamate similis sed magis ovata, vix arcuata, liris vix squamatis.—The numerous specimens we have examined of the preceding species vary very much in the scaliness of the ridges; but the present is almost too smooth to be called scaly. 42. squamosa, f. 52, Gray.—Testa ovata, depressa rubro fuscoque variegata, liris magnis spiralibus squamatis, nodosis, interstitiis profundis sculpta; intus rugata; labio interno angustiusculo; margine externo denticulato; spira subim- mersa, foraminibus prominentibus subdistantibus.—Very strongly sculptured with prominent squamose and _ tuber- culated ridges, and deep furrows between. 43. piversicoLor, f. 69, Reeve.-—Testa oblongo-ovalis, convexa sublevigatas, tenuiter lirata, coloribus variis viride variegata; spira fere terminali.—The sculpture is much more fine and depressed than in H. funebris, and the colours are brilliantly variegated. 44, ELEGANS, f. 82, 119, Koch.—Testa elongata, arcuata, antice attenuata, straminea, obscure aurantio variegata, spiraliter costata, costis elevatis angustis subsquamatis, interstitiis profundis latiusculis, spira parva, terminali, tuberculis foraminiferis distantibus area marginali angusta 28 HALIOTIS. profunde lirata; apertura elongata, margine dentato, ad terminum truncata.—The nearest in form to H. asininus, but sculptured with narrow but deep and wall-like sharp- edged ridges. 45. JACNENSIS, f. 48, Reeve-—Testa oblonga, subaurantia, profunde spiraliter lirata; spira parva, tuberculis foramini- feris prominentibus, area marg nali subdivaricatim rugosa.— A curious little oblong species of a dull orange colour, with very deeply cut ridges. AG. vant, f. 5, 6, 7, 11, 12, 61, Linnwus.—Testa ovato- convexa spiraliter striata coloribus variis frequenter radiatim picta, liris subdistantibus. inzequalibus, hine illic nodosis rugata; spira latiuscula exserta, area versus angulum fora- miniferum levigata; foraminibus prominulis.—Varying very much in form and colours, but agreeing in the general cha- racter of the sculpture, which consists in an alternating or irregular mixture of small spiral strize, with some larger, having knobs at uncertain distances. In the variety named semistriata, Reeve, f. 11, on half the disc nearest the per- forations the strize are obsolete. In Mr. Hanley’s beautiful specimen (f, 12) this is partly the case through a portion of the semicircle, 47. pustuuata, f. 112, Reeve-—Testa H. varie similis sed versus spiram latior, subcomplanata autice attenuata, nodis striisque minoribus.—The sculpture is finer, the spiral region broader and flatter, and the anterior part narrower than in H, varia. These differences are, however, of questionable specific value, 48. astricta, f. 83, Reeve.—Testa H. varie similis, magis oblonga, subconcentrice rugata, spiraliter tenuiter striata, vix nodosa, pallida, viridi fuscoque subfasciatim variegata, — Narrower than 7. varia, pustulata, and with fine sharp striae intersecting wrinkles and deep lines of growth. The rugose sculpture is finer and closer, and wants the pustules of T. varia. 49, concrnna, f. 46, 54, Reeve. — Testa complanata, sub- ovata, postice lata, antice subattenuata, lactea, rubro viridique variegata, spiraliter lirata, liris distantibus elevatis, undu- latim nodosis interstitiis irregularibus tenuibus ; foraminibus prominulis, parviusculis ; apice fere immerso.—The sculpture HALIOTIS. 29 is somewhat finer, but quite as irregular as in HW. varia. The flatness and breadth of the spire and comparative attenuation of the anterior give a different appearance to the shell. The prevalence of bright scarlet in the markings is noticeable. Mr. Reeve named the species from a very young and un- characteristic specimen. 50. venusta, f. 55, Adams and Reeve.—Testa planata, angusta, H. concinne similis, nodis magis regularibus ; tuber- culis foraminiferis magis exsertis et distantibus, tubuli- formibus; labio interno lato, planato ; area marginali excavata ad marginem carinata ; disco albo, rubro vel fusco variegato. —Resembling fH. concinna, with the nodules more regular and the intermediate striz: wanting. The aperture is con- tracted by the breadth of the flattened margin. The perfor- ated tubercles are prominent, tubular, and few. 51. cruENtA, f. 63, 101, Reeve.—Testa planato-subrotunda, postice lata, antice subattenuata, spiraliter striata, fulva, maculis fuscis vel sanguineis variegata, intus argentea, labio interno angusto.—One of the broad flat-headed species, spirally striated, fulvous, angularly flashed with brownish red, generally attenuated towards the anterior end. Some shells dredged by Mr. Macandrew at Suez seem to belong to this species. 52. coco-RaDIATA, 75, 79, 101, Reeve. — Testa suborbi- culari-ovata, planiuscula, fulva, strigis viride coccineis radia- tim fulgurata, tenuiter spiraliter striata, frequenter antice subattenuata.—The broad radiating flashes of crimson give a peculiar character to this shell. H. navosa often has similar rays but is rounder, more convex and scabrous. The younger shells of the two species are very similar. 53. gemma, f. 109, 123, Reeve. — Testa orbicularis sub- complanata, spiraliter liris undulatis minutissime squamosis, wtate juniori tuberculatis sculpta; fulva, maculis viridis coceineis fuscisque variegata; tuberculis foraminiferis sub- tubiformibus.—Rather flatly orbicular, spirally sculptured with wavy ridges very minutely squamose. The type is a very small shell with minute tubercles, but in more advanced specimens the wrinkles and fine squamose ridges are seen, and in this state it is described as H. Dorhniana by Dunker. It is prettily mottled with red, green, and dark brown. 30 HALIOTIS. 54. puanata, f. 74, Carpenter. — Testa orbicularis, sub- ovata, complanata, minute squamoso-lirata, margine circa spiram expanso; spira fere immersa, lata; pallide viridis, nigro variegata, labio interno angusto, planatissimo.—This is the flattest of all the species ; it has a broad, immersed spire, and is sculptured with fine, close, scaly ridges. 55. rupiainosa, f. 71, Reeve.-—Testa ovato-subquadrata, convexa, concentrice regulariter undatim rugata, spiraliter valide regulariter lirata, fulva, rubro late bifasciata, ad spiram variegata: tuberculis foraminiferis parviusculis, tuberosis, prominentibus.—The regular concentric wrinkles are crossed by deeply cut ridges, producing a roughly symmetrical effect. 56. mxcavaTa, f. 21, 26, Lamarck. — Testa orbicularis valide convexa, spiraliter lirata, liris granosis alternatis ; prope suturam subconcentrice rugata, pallide fulva radiis obliquis viridis fusco marginatis picta; area marginali granoso-lirata, transverse fasciis viridis fusco marginatis picta; spira elevata, subcentrali, rotunda ; apertura argentea, labio interno angusto concavo.-—_Rounded and very convex, with wrinkles near the suture and spiral granulated ridges alternating in size. The inner lip is narrow and slopes down into the concavity of the interior. External colour, radiating flashes of green, edged with brown on a pale buff ground. 57. aupBicans, f. 20, Quoy.— Testa ovato-suborbicularis, sublevigata, convexa, spiraliter tenuiter lirata, fulva, rufo radiata ; spira lata, rotunda, anfractibus rotundatis ; forami- nibus parvis; apertura pallide argentea, levi; labio interno arcuato, subconcavo.—A comparatively smooth shell of a buff colour with obliquely radiating bands of reddish brown. It is of a rounded oval, very convex form, and the holes are small. 58. CUNNINGHAMIL, p. 36, Gray.— Testa magna subro- tunda, fulva subradiatim fusco rubescenti variegata, spiraliter tenuiter striata, disco mediano subcomplanato, undulato ; angulo dorsali prominenti, area marginalisubexcavata angusta ; spira lata, subprominenti; apertura argentea.— Large, rather round fulvous, variegated with large patches of brown, finely spirally striated; middle dise rather flattened, spire broad, rather raised. This attains a very large size. HALIOTIS. ok 59. NEVosA, f. 73, 39, Martyn. — Testa suborbicularis, rubra, nonnunquan radiis obliquis variegata, intus argentea, spiraliter minute scabroso-striata, rugis oblique radiatis un- data ; tuberculis foraminiferis prominentibus, octonis perviis ; spira lata rotunda.—Some varieties of this rounded scabrous shell are beautifully varied with rays of scarlet or brown, as in the small shell f. 75. Carefully comparing Reeve’s H. clathrata with the spiral portion of this species, I am con- vineced that the former represents the early structure of the latter. I believe the sulcosa of Philippi to be a rather rounded and convex form of the same species. 60. roxEI, f. 77, 78, Gray.—Testa ovato-orbicularis, liris validis squamatis interstitiis profundis sculpta; rubra, vel fusca; spira lata rotunda subcentrali prominenti; area marginali rotunda.—Ovately orbicular, with large scaly spiral ridges. The spire is rounded and subcentral. H. scabricostata, Menke, is the same species. 61. mipa, f. 31, 125, Linneus.— Testa etate juniori laevigata vel tenuissime striata, deinde luteo rufescenti, laminis undulatis oblique subconcentricis, extantibus pro- funde corrugatis; labio externo circa spiram in laminam marginalem longe extenso.—Very peculiarly wrinkled with waved erect laminz. The outer margin of the lip is extended round the spire so as to form a marginal plait reaching to the other side. The young shell is finely striated and has a smooth appearance, resembling the young of H. sanguinea. The shell figured by Philippi as H. Capensis, Dunker, is an undeveloped H. mide. 62. putcnuerrima, f. 47, Martyn.—Testa rotunda, con- vexa, rubra vel rubro radiata oblique radiatim liris crenu- latis rugata, area marginali erecta, divaricatim et crenulatim lirata, spira rotunda, exserta, subcentrali, foraminibus parvis, tubzeformibus.—This beautiful little species is convex and rounded with red all over or red-rayed, wrinkled in oblique crenulated rays. 63. scutuLum, f. 80, 104? Reeve.—Testa ovato-subro- tunda, subcomplanata postice latiuscula, viridi fuscoque obscure variegata, spiraliter liris distantibus subarticulatis sculpta; spira lata, decumbenti.—Rather wide and flat at the spiral end, with spiral articulated distant ridges; of a dark colour, variegated obscurely with green and brown. 32 HALIOTIS, If the shell drawn as f. 104 belongs to this species, it is of a somewhat abnormal growth and sculpture, 64. anciue, f. 65, Reeve.—Testa rotunda, convexa, antice paulo attenuata, spiraliter undatim lirata; circa suturam pli- cata, roseo-cuprea subviridis ; foraminibus parvis numerosis ; spira elevata, lata, subcentrali, anfractibus rotundatis.—A more convex and delicately sculptured shell than H. scutellwm. 65. ovina, f.84, 85, 86, Chemnitz.—Testa ovato-rotundata, subleevigata, convexo-depressa radiatim et spiraliter tuber- culata, rubro viridi fuscoque picta; spira subcentrali, sub- angulata, prominenti, foraminibus prominentibus rotundis tubiferis; area marginali versus angulum excavata, tum spiraliter lirata; apertura argentea, labio interno lato planato. —The tubercles in some specimens run into each other, and radiate like the spokes of a wheel. The foraminiferous tubercles are peculiarly tubular and regular. H. papulata, as repre- sented in the B. M. collection, appears to be this species in a junior state. 66. Drinat, f. 42, Reeve.—Testa orbicularis, subdepressa, flavida, rubro variegata, intus argentea, extus spiraliter seriatim nodosa, tuberculis foraminiferis prominentibus, parvis; spira lata, planulata.x—Orbicularly depressed, with nodules spirally arranged; spire broad, foraminiferous tubercles small but promi- nent; colour yellowish, varied with red spots and flashes. The shell may be only a young growth of some larger species. 67. rnuBicuNDA, f. 18, 19, Gray.—Testa orbicularis de- pressa, fulva rubro-variegata, medio subconcava, concentrice laminis septiformibus extantibus divisa, versus aream mar- ginalem costa valida spiraliter squamoso-lirata circumvallata ; angulo foraminifera costeformi, tuberculis prominentibus, rotundis ; area marginali concava, ad marginem in costam tuberculatam elevata; apertura tricanaliculata.—The most remarkable character of this species is the broad solid spiral rib a little past the centre from the suture, with which it is connected by upright laminz. The foraminiferous ridge and the tubercles upon it form a second rib, and the raised and tubercular outer margin a third, all three represented by channels in the interior. 68. Emma, f. 16, Gray.—Testa fulva squamosa rnbro variegata, J7. rubicunde similis, sed laminis extantibus HALIOTIS. ou antice fere obsoletis, costa subcentrali haud tantum elevata, area marginali vix costata.—The more striking characters of H. rubicunda are present in this species in a smaller degree, but the raised laminz connecting the suture with the sub- central rib are only seen in the earlier whorls of the shell. 69. parva, f. 17, Linnews.—Testa aurantia fusco-viridis aut variegata, ovato-depressa, medio subexcavata, tum costa cincta, margine tuberculifero prominenti, area marginali ex- cavato, margine unicostato.—Of various patterns as to colour, this shell exhibits the peculiar character which connects it with the ‘ padollus’ group ; namely the spiral rib in the centre of the disc. 70. LauTA, f. 15, Reeve.—Testa subovata, depressa, antice attenuata, spiraliter striata, medio leviter unicostata ; spira latiuscula, decumbenti.—In this species the central rib is but slightly shown. 71. Brazirt, f. 43, 114, Angus.—Testa rotunda subcom- planata levi rubra vel rubro variegata, medio tumida vel costa spirali subobscure cincta, foraminibus magnis erectis tubulosis spira rotunda lata subcentrali—The specimen figured in the zoological proceedings seems, instead of pre- serving the smooth rounded equal-coloured form of our museum shell, to have developed into a shell somewhat resembling H. lauta, with variegated colouring and rather strong central rib. 35 ALPHABETICAL INDEX TO HALIOTIS. albicans, 57, Quoy, f. 20. alternata, 22, Sowb. f. 51. ancile, 64, Rve. f. 65. aquatilis, 23, Rve. f. 97. asinina, 36, Ivnn. f. 3, 4. astricta, 48, Rve. f. 83. australis, Gmel. rugosopli- cata, Ch. sp. 13. bistriata, 21, Gimel. £. 99,100. brazieri, 71, Angus, f. 48, 114. ealiforniensis, 15, Swazns. f. canaliculata, Lam. parva, Linn. sp. 69. canaliculata, Schub. cunda, Gray, sp. 67. capensis, Dunk. mide, Linn. sp. 61 clathrata, Rve. nevosa, Young. Mart. sp. 59. coccinea, 33, Five. f. 64, 95, 120. coccoradiata, 52, Rwve. f. 75, 79, 103. concinna, 49, Rwe. f. 46, 54. corrugata, 7, Gray, f. 26. costata, Swa. rugosoplicata, Ch. sp. 13. cracherodii, 14, Leach, f. 13. crenata, Swa. varia, Linn. sp. 46. crispata, Gould.; not iden- tified. cruenta, 51, Rve. f. 63, 101. rubi- cunninghamii, 58, Gray, f. 36. decussata, Phil. marmorata, Linn. sp. 18. dentata, Jonas, marie, Gray, sp. 8. discus, 5, Rve. f. 32. diversicolor, 43, Rve. f. 69. dohrniana, Dunk. gemma, Rve. sp. 53. dringii, 66, ve. f. 42. echinata, 2, Sowb. f. 124. elegans, 44, Koch. f. 82, 119 elevata, 39, Sowb. f. 116, 117 emma, 68, Gray, f. 16. excavata, 56, Lam. f. 21, 26. exigua, Dunker.; not iden- tified. Jjiciformis, Menke. sanguinea, Hanl. sp. 27. fulgens, Phil. splendens, Rve. sp. 12 p. 12. funebris, 41, Rve. f. 70. gemma, 53, Ive. f. 109, 123. gibba, Phil. virginea, Ch. sp. 10. gigantea, 1, Chemn. f. 44, 45, 50. glaber, Schub. cracherodii, Leach. sp. 14. glabra, 16, Chemn. f. 1, 2. grayana, 11, Sowb. f. 87, Ti. gruneri, 19, Phil. f. 57. guineensis, Gmel. tubercula- ta, var. ? hanleyana, 37, Sowb. f. 28. hargreavesit, Cox, Roei, Gray, sp. 60. interrupta, Val.; not iden- tified. iris, 9, Ginel. f. 24, 25. jacnensis, 45, five. f. 48. janus, 31, Five. f. 81. japonica, Rve. lamellosa, Lam. sp. 29. kamschatkiana, 6, f. 33, 34. lamellosa, 29, Lam. f. 27, 29, 30. latilabris, Ph. ovina, Ch. sp. 50. lauta, 70, Rve. f. 15. maculata, Kust. Rive. sp. 337 maculosa, Kuster. coccinea, var. sp. 33. marie, 8, Gray, f. 40, 41. marmorata, Gray, not Linn. grayana, Sby. sp. 11. marmorata, 18, Linn. f. 88, oo : midx, 61, Linn. f. 31, 125. multiperforata, 26, Rve. f. 59. neevosa, 59, Martyn, 39, 73. neevosa, Phil. not Martyn, cunninghami, sp. 58. nebulata, 35, ve. f. 8, 56. neglecta, Phil. stomatieefor- mis, Ive. sp. 38. nitidissima, Chem. pulcher- rima, Martyn, sp. 62. nodosa, Phil. corrugata, Gray, sp. 7. ovina, 65, Chemn. f. 84, 85, 86. papulata, Rve. ovina, young, Ch. sp. 65? parma, Val. not identified. coccinea, 36 parva, 69, Linn. f. 17. pertusa, 25, Rve. f. 58. planata, 54, Carp. f. 74. planilirata, Rve. splendens, Five. sp. 12. ponderosa, C, B. Ad. rufes- cens, Sw. sp. 4. pulcherrima, 62, f. 47. pustulata, 47, Rve. f. 112. radiata, Desh. ovina ? reticulata, 30, Rve. f. 76, 96, Martyn, 121, 126. revelata, Desh. nebulata, Rve. sp. 35. rodingui, Phil. squamosa, Gray, sp. 42. roei, 60, Gray, f. 77, 78. rosacea, Rve. marmorata, Linn. sp. 18. rubicunda, 67, Gray, f. 18, nS) rubiginosa, 55, Eve. f. 71. rufescens, 4, Swains. f. 35. rugosa, Lam.; uncertain. rugosa, 28, live. f. 98. rugosoplicata, 15, Chemmn. i, Os 0; tes: sanguinea, 27, Hanl. f. 93, 94., scabricostata, Menke. Roei, Gray, sp. 60. scaluris, Leach. Gray, sp. 67. schrétert, Menke. rubicunda, scutulum, 63, Five. f. 80, 104. secernenda, Montes. reticu- lata, sp. 30 P semiplicata, Menke.; not identified. semistriata, Rve. varia, Linn. sp. 46. sepiculata, 24, Ive. f. 60, sieboldii, 3, Rve. f. 72. spadicea, Krauss, sanguinea Hanl. speciosa, 32, 108 (?), 121. splendens, 12, Rve. f. 38, 105, 106. squamata, 40, Rve. f. 62, 68, 118. squamosa, 42, Gray, f. 52. stomatizformis, 38, Rve. f. 22, 23, 118. striata, Linn., not known tuberculata, young? striata, Rve. not Linn. spe- ciosa var. ? sulcosa, Ph. reticulata var. ? supertezta, Lischke, splen- dens, Rve? sp. 12. tayloriana, 17, Rve. f. 91. 37, ’ ye. £. 107, | tricostalis, Lam. Gray, sp. 67, tuberculata, 20, Linn. f. 66, 67, 102, 115. tubifera, Lam. gigantea, Ch. sp. l. uniluteralis, Lam.; not iden- tified. varia, 46, Linn. f. 5, 6, 7 Lol venusta, 50, Ad. § Rve. f. 55. virginea, Rve. not Ch. mar- morata, Linn. sp. 18. virginea, 10, Chemn. f.92, 110. zelandica, 34, Ive. f. 90. ziczac, Rve. glabra, Chemn. sp. 16, rubicunda, b] 39 MONOGRAPH OF THE GENUS. SIGARETUS, Lamarck. Including Naticina, Gray. GeENvs SiGARETUS.—Testa fere tecta, auriformis ovato-sub- orbicularis vel ovato-subconica subumbilicata, plerumque spiraliter incisa vel lirata; spira brevi, interdum immersa, ultimo magno inflato ; apertura magna labio interno medio et supra plerumque incrassato.—Operculum corneum parvum unguiculatum planatum.—The shell is nearly covered by the lobes of the animal, which is proportionally large. The more typical species are depressed, ovate or orbicular, with very short spire and large body-whorl, with expanded mouth. They present little variation in sculpture, and few of them have colour. In the ‘ Naticina’ group the shells are perpen- dicular and conical. The operculum is supposed to be rudimentary, but a figure is given in Delessert. Species. Sect. I.—Oblique auriformis. 1. concavus, f. 8-11, 18, 19, Lamarck.—Testa globosa, fusco-straminea, intus castanea vel omnino albida, spiraliter valide suleata spira exertiuscula frequenter lirida, ultimo anfractu latere ventrali ventricoso, post labium internum excavato; apertura subpyriformi antice rotunda, labio interno incrassato.—Of a globose form, with the upper part slightly depressed, and the spire conical and depressed ; usual colour brown or straw, chestnut in the interior, but sometimes nearly white. The body whorl is very deep in front, 40 SIGARETUS. although concave behind the arched part of the inner lip. A colourless variety is erroneously figured in Reeve’s mono- graph as latifasciata of Adams and Reeve in the Samarang. The spiral grooves are strong and regular. 2. neRITOIDEDS, f. 1, 16, 17, Linnews. — Testa oblique ovata, concava, albida, dense spiraliter striata, striis minu- tissime rugatis ; medio latissime pallide livido, intus castaneo pallide fasciato; spira brevissima, apice livide lutescenti, ultimo anfractu post labium internum excavato ; apertura subrotunda, labio externo superne flexus. — Linnzus has described in his Systema as Helices two species of sigaretus. Two species are in the Linnzan collection, which correspond with the descriptions correctly enough as far as the few words go ; ‘ convexa’ for the present species, and ‘ depresso-planiuscula’ for the Helix haliotoideus, together with their respective names, should be sufficient at least to distinguish them from each other. The words ‘testa livida’ in the ‘Museum’ description, although they seem to have puzzled the author of ‘Ipsa Linnzi Conchylia,’ are quite explained in reference to this species, by a pale greyish band in the specimens, and in the var. f. 1 (latifa- sciatus of Ad. and Rve. Voy. Lam. not Rey. Con. Icon.) this band becomes more palpable. 3. Javanicus, f. 3, 4, Gray.— Quam Sig. neritoideus magis expansa, liris magis planatis, distantibus et acutis, apice livido apertura rotunda.—Having a near affinity with S. neritoideus, but with the ridges more flattened and dis- tant, although acute at the edges. The body part of the last whorl is not so deep and ventricose. In all respects we may regard this shell as intermediate between the preceding and succeeding species. In our fig. 4 the sculpture is not suffi- ciently close and crisp. 4. Leacui, f. 23, 24, 25, De Blainville.—Testa alba, solida planiuscula, depressa ovato-suborbicularis ultimo anfractu infra angulato planulato lato vix umbilicato, extus spiraliter planilirata, inter liras profunde suleata; spira immersa; apertura ovata haud profunda.—Our shell, the Cryptostoma Leachii of Blainville, is flatter than either of the preceding species, and is distinguished by rather wide and deeply cut sculpture. It may possibly be the same as Adanson’s Sigaretus, whick is certainly not the full-bodied SIGARETUS. 41 shell (concavus) which some authors have taken for the Helix halioloideus of Linneus. Our fig. 4 should represent Javanicus with closer and crisper sculpture, so as to shew the difference between it and that of Leachii. S. perspectivus, Say. (f. 25), is probably the same species. 5. LAVIGATUS, f. 12, 13, 45? Recluz.—Testa tenuis, quam S. neritoidea levior, magis depressa, alba, ovato-subrotunda. —Smoother than S. neritoidea, and more regularly ovate, ultimo anfractu subumbilicato. 6. DexussEerti, f. 14, 20, 21, 22, Recluz. — Testa de- pressa, oblonga, obsolete spiraliter striata, concentrice subun- dulata; labio externo circa spiram elevato, leviter contracto, superne undulatim producto.—Of a more oblong oval form, and flatter than the preceding, with the outer lip raised over the spire and slightly contracted near the suture. The upper part of the outer lip is somewhat flexuously produced. 7. AustraLis, f. 15, 46, 47, Hanley.—Testa convexius- eula sublevigata, ovato-oblonga, tenuis, tenuilirata; spira subimmersa, apice carneo-lutea ; ultimo anfractu ad suturam elevato et leviter contracto.—The specimens in the British Museum differ from each other so much that it is difficult to mark the limits of the species. ‘The specimen figured in the Con. Icon. is distorted, it is inadvertently repeated in our f. 15. Our f. 46 and 47 represent the true form. 8. Cuvrerianus, f. 6, Recluwz.— Testa tenuis, albida, de- pressa oblique ovata, post labium internum excavata, regu- lariter tenuiter lirata, apertura ovata, labio externo ad suturam elevato, leviter contracto; latere ventrali ultimi anfractus angusto; spira parva, lutea, immersa.—Although expanded and depressed this is not a flat species. It is rather thin and contracted round the suture. 9. zonaLis, f. 7, Quoy.— Testa oblique oblonga, alba, tenuis, obsolete spiraliter striata, depressa, stramineo late fasciata; anfractibus infra medium subangulatis, ultimo an- fractu latere ventrali angusto ; apertura oblonga, labio interno tenui.—A rather thin, almost transparent shell with faint spiral strie. The front part of the body whorl is narrow ; the mouth oval with thin edges. 10. arGgenteus, f. 53, Reeve.—Testa alba, oblique ovata subdepressa, solidiuscula, post Jabium internum anguste 42 SIGARETUS. excavata, spiraliter tenuiter striata; spira parva parum exserta.—A plain rather solid, obliquely oval shell without any strong characteristics. 11. exiuius, f. 54, Reeve.— Testa quam S. argenteus tenuior gracilior, apertura antice magis oblique producta.— Nearly similar in form to S. argenteus, but more obliquely produced and thin in substance. 12. MARTINIANUS, f. 27, 28, Reeve.—Testa oblique ovata depresso-convexa, subtus arcuata, solidiuscula; spiraliter sublirata, concentrice rugoso-striata, fusco-rufescens, apertura subovata, expansa, labio externo superne flexuoso, ad spiram elevato prope suturam subcontracto ; spira parva, subimmersa. —Rather convex for one of the auriform species, and arched on the under side, distinguished by its banded chestnut brown colour, which is strong on the upper and much modi- fied on the under surface. 13. unirasciatus, f. 52, Recluz.— Testa castaneo late fasciata, quam S. martinianus magis complanata.—I have copied one of several figures given by Recluz under this name, in some uncertainty as to whether it might bea variety of Martinianus. I have, however, a similar broad-banded shell which is much nearer to S. planulatus than to Martin- ianus in form, being flatter, smoother than the latter, and not at all arched. 14. pLanuLatus, f. 29, 30, Reclwz.—Testa alba ovata de- pressa, subtus arcuata, superne planulata, epidermide strami- nea induta, levigata, ultimo anfractu subtus lato planulato ; apertura subquadrata, antice angulato, Jabio externo ad spiram elevato, tum undulatim emarginato, supra medium attenuatim producto.—This very flattened, smooth white shell is distinguished by a strong sinus and almost linguiform projection at the upper part of the outer lip. 15. naLiotorpgus, f. 5, 31, Linneus.—Testa ovata alba planulata, tenuiter inciso-lirata, ultimo anfractu subtus late planato; apertura parviuscula, labio interno tenui, arcuato, labio externo versus suturam vix emarginato, supra medium parum producto; spira immersa.—The small flat white shell figured by Reeve as S. incisus, the specimens from which our figures are taken and the one from the Linnean cabinet figured in the ‘Ipsa Linnzi Conchylia,’ are SIGARETUS. 43 undoubtedly identical, and correspond fairly with the descrip- tion of Helix haliotoideus in the Systema. As there are only two species in the Linnean cabinet I do not know why my late father selected the concave one for the Helix haliotoideus of Linnzus, which is described as depresso-planiuscula.— Reeve, however, commending and intending to follow the lead given in the genera of shells, figured for haliotoideus a variety of Lamarck’s S. concavus. Mr. Hanley has rightly identified both the Linnean species. 16. macutatus, f. 2, Say.— Testa ovata auriformis sub- planata, alba, spiraliter planulatim lirata, maculis fuscis seriatim dispositis picta, ultimo anfractu subtus concavo.— Rather more convex than the two preceding species, and spotted with chestnut in partial bands. 17. unpuLatus, f. 50, 51, Lischke. — Testa ovata, valde depressa, subplanulata alba, ferrugineo pallide maculata, sulcis latiusculis, vix ‘ wndulatis’? sculpta ; labio interno sub- incrassato, ultimo anfractu angusto, post labium internum angustissime excavato.—This flattened shell takes nearly the form of the younger specimens of the true S. haliotoideus of Linnzus, the upper surface is slightly more convex, and there are slight spots of pale colour. I have not, however, seen the shell, and cannot from the figure make out what is meant by the striz being remarkably ‘ undulated.’ 18. Japonicus, f. 48, 49, Jischke. — Testa quam S. undulatus magis convexa, spiraliter tenuiter striata.—This shell is considerably more convex than the preceding, and more finely and closely sculptured, with very little undula- tion (?). It is also described as being solid. I have not seen the species, and can see no wndulated sculpture in the en- gravings of either this or the preceding. Sect. 2. ‘ Naticina,’ subovato-erecta. > 19. papitua, f. 44, Chemnitz.—Testa solidiuscula, elevata ovali-subconica, spiraliter distanter inciso-lirata ; anfractibus infra medium ventricosis, superne declivibus subattenuatis, ad suturam tumidis angulatis, spiralibus brevibus obtusis, ultimo post labium internum subumbilicato ; apertura elevata oblique subpyriformi, labio interno crasso, superne tortuo.— Solid, rather elevated and conical with spiral rather distant 44 SIGARETUS. incised striw, having a pyriform aperture with the inner lip thick and tortuous above, and the outer somewhat expanded below. 20. coarctatus, f. 34, Reeve. — Testa quam S. papilla brevior, leeviuscula, ad suturam tumida, tum contracta, um- bilico latiori ; spira breviori.mMuch shorter and more finely sculptured than S. papilla, with a wider umbilicus. 21. rumescens, f. 37, Reeve—Testa quam 8S. papilla tenuior, leviter sculpta, spira magis acuminata, ad suturam vix tumida.—A smoother and more gradually sloping shell than S. papilla, with the whorls scarcely swelled at the suture but gradually sloped. 22. nitipus, f. 35, Reeve.—Testa levigata, leviter incisa, ovali-subglobosa, solida, late umbilicata, quam S. papilla magis ventricosa, labio interno rectiusculo.—A more ventri- cose and smooth shell than S. papilla, with a rather straighter inner lip. 23. optonaus, f. 40, Reeve.—Testa quam S. papilla graci- lior et magis acuminata, striis parvis elevatis sculpta, anfrac- tibus superne gracile declivibus, spira elevata acuminata, apertura angusta, antice subquadrata.—Narrower than any of the preceding and gradually attenuated from below the middle to the acuminated spire. 24. acuminatus, f. 43, Adams and Reeve.—Testa quam S. papilla tenuior, gracilior, spira magis elevata anfractibus ad suturam haud tumidis, labio interno flexuoso, tenuiusculo, umbilico angusto.—Thinner, more slender, with a more elevated spire than S. papilla; inner lip flexuous, umbilicus narrower. 25. MAMILLARIS, f. 41, 42, Limneeus (Helix), Recluz.— Testa alba, polita ovata ventricosa, spira brevi, anfractibus ad suturam rotundis, spira brevi; apertura semilunari, umbilico valido.—More equally oval, or less sloped than the first species in this section, rounded at the suture and smooth on the surface, and having a very short spire. I agree with Mr. Hanley, ‘Ips. Linn.,’ in thinking that Recluz was probably right in this identification of a rather doubtful shell. 26. PELLUCIDUS, f. 38, Reeve. — Testa globosa, late um bilicata parva tenuis; anfractibus superne subdeclivibus, SIGARETUS. 45 spira brevi, spiraliter tenuissime striata; apertura angusta, pyriformi, subobliqua, labio externo tenui.—A small globose natica-like species, finely spirally threaded, with broad um- bilicus. 27. riBuLA, f. 39, Reeve.—Testa globosa, quam S. pellu- cidus paulo magis obliqua, levigata ; apertura magis obliqua, labio externo tenuiuscula.— Differing from S. pellucidus chiefly in the comparative absence of spiral sculpture and in the largeness of the aperture as compared with the front of the body whorl. 28. piotus, f. 36, Reeve.—Testa ovato-subconica, tenuis, levis, umbilicatus, spira brevi, subacuminata, anfractibus superne declivibus, fasciatim pallidissime maculatis ; aper- tura semiovata, labio interno superne incrassato, infra angusto, rectiusculo.—This smooth shell, faintly spotted in bands, and of an oval form somewhat sloped and pointed above, strongly resembles some of the more slender forms of Natica. M ALPHABETICAL INDEX TO SIGARETUS. acuminatus, sp. 24, Ad. and Rive. f. 43. argenteus, sp. 10, Rve. f. 53. australis, sp. 7, Hanley, f. 15, 46, 47. breviculum, De Bl. Leachii ? sp. 4. coarctatus, sp. 20, Rve. f. 34. concavus, sp. 8, Lamk. f. 8-11, 18, 19. cuvierianus, sp. 8, Recl. f. 6. cymba, Menke, concavus, sp. 8. delessertii, sp. 6, Recl. f. 14, 20, 21, 22. eximius, sp. 11, Rve. f. 54. fibula, sp. 27, Rve. f. 39. grayi, Desh. concavus, sp. 8. haliotoidens, sp. 15, Linn. f. 0, 31: haliotoideus, vus, sp. 8. indica, Gray. Not found. incisus, Rve. haliotoideus, sp. 15. Sowb. conca- insculptus, Ad. and Rve. Neritoideus, sp. 1, f. 1. japonicus, sp. 18, Lischke, f. 48, 49. javanicus, sp. 3, Gray, f. 3, 4. lamarckianus, Recl. Deles- sertii ? latifasciatus, Ad. and Rve. neritoideus, sp. 1. latifasciatus, Rve. (not Ad. and Rve).—concavus. _ perspectivus, levigatus, sp. 5, Recl. f. 12, leachii, sp. 4, De Bl. Crypt. 23, 24, 45. listert, Recl. Martinianus, var, tsp. U2; linneanus, Recl. mamilluris, sp. 25 ? maculatus, sp. 16, Say. f. 2. mamillaris, sp. 25, Linn. ? Reel. f. 41, 42. martinianus, sp. 12, Rve. f, 27, 28. maximus Phil. sp. 8. neritoideus, sp. 2, Linn. f. 1, concavus, nitidus, sp. 22, Rwve. f. 35. oblongus, sp. 23, Rve. f. 40. papilla, sp. 19, Chemn. f. 44. pellucidus, sp. 26, Rve. f. 38. Say. Leachii, sp. 4. petitii, Recl. Martinianus yar. ? sp: 12. pictus, sp. 28, Rve. f. 36. planulatus, sp. 14, Recl. f. 29, 30. tumescens, sp. 21, Rve. f. 37. undulatus, sp. 17, Lischke, f. 50, 51. unifasciatus, sp. 13, Reel. zonalis, ‘sp. 9, Quoy (Cryp- tost), f. 7. er _ r LA et r wee el Vo pte ¥ Ve At ee lk eae eR Ls a te ah. alana *<. { in state rer: iit oes Ds. a +9 MONOGRAPH OF THE GENUS IANTHINA. GuNnERIC CHARACTER. — Testa tenuis fragilis subglobosa plus minusve angulata purpurea; apertura subtrigona, labio externo versus medium sinuato; columella rectiuscula, sub- tortua, infra producta, rotunda vel subangulata ; apice oblique retrorso. Operculum nullum.—tThe shells of this genus have attracted much notice, partly on account of the habits and appliances of the molluse which produces them, and partly for the rich purple colour of their shells, corresponding with that of the purple dye secreted by them. The Ianthine float on the surface of the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans, supported by a float of bubbles, on which are suspended the eggs and fry. They have no specific shore habitats, being only driven in occasional shoals on land by stress of weather. Three or four species have thus been occasionally washed upon British shores. Notwithstanding the remarks of the late Mr. Reeve on the distinctness of the known species of Ianthina, it must be remarked that many of the species introduced in the Iconica cannot be defined, points of texture and linear distinctions of form not being reliable. The four or five species into which, for convenience, we may divide the Ianthine of the more angular section still tend to pass into each other by gradations which render it extremely difficult to sort a number of specimens; an experiment which I have tried with the late Mr. Taylor’s collection of Ianthinze from all parts of the world. 50 IANTHINA. Species. 1. FraGitis, f. 1-4, Lamarck.—Testa superne alba, sub- angusta, infra planulata, ad angulum acute angulata; columella tortua, infra subacuta.—The only Ianthine in the Linnean collection (Helix Ianthina, Linn.) referred to by Lamarck for this species are certainly specimens of this sub-conical form, and agree with the figures cited from the same author from Chemnitz. It is more sharply angular than any other species, with the exception of Reeve’s I. trochoidea. Reeve’s I. affinis, I. roseola, and I. fibula cannot be distinguished from this, and J. involuta is only a partly unrolled distortion of the same species. 2. rrocnorpEA, f. 15, Aeeve.—Testa conica spira elevata. —This shell, otherwise resembling the preceding, has a much more elevated, conical spire. 3. communis, f. 7, 8, Lamarck.—Testa trapezoidea, quam I. fragilis ad angulum magis obtusa, colore magis suffusa, columella infra subacuta, anfractibus superne subplanulatis declivibus.—Less angular than J. fragilis, but more so than succeeding species. The upper part of the whorls is rather flattened. J. Africana, Reeve, is a larger shell, but not distinguishable from the above by any essential characters. 4, Britannica, f. 5, 6, 14, Leach.—Testa subglobosa soli- diuscula, purpureo intense suffusa, medio rotundata, vix angu- lata, apertura flexuosa, sinu marginali obtusa; anfractibus superne subinflatis.—This species has been taken on the coast of Cornwall after storms on English and Irish coasts ; and what appears to be its young on the sands of Glamorgan- shire, South Wales (the latter named J. Smithic, Reeve). I can have little doubt in also associating J. grandis of Reeve with this species. 5. PLANOSPIRATA, f. 9-13, Ad. and Rve.—Testa sublen- ticularis, anfractibus latis, medio rotundis, vix angulatis, superne convexiusculis, depressis. —Of a depressed-convex or lenticular form, more rounded than angular at the circum- ference, and having the aperture wider than broad. It seems impossible to distinguish from this species Reeve’s J. cast«, I. depressa, and I. ceruleata. I. balteata is probably the young of the same, IANTHINA. il ** Globose. 6. aLoxosa, f. 16, 18, Swainson.—Testa globosa, tenuis, inflata, tenuissime decussata, supra infraque purpurea, medio pallida; spira parva, anfractibus rotundatis subimmersis, prope suturam tumidis, ultimo magno, inflato; apertura elongata, infra acuminata, sinu marginali acuta.—Thin, inflated, of a pale colour on the upper part of the whorls, the upper of which are rounded and partly sunk in the suture. The aperture is longer than wide, and pointed below. There is no tangible distincticn between this and the J. decollata of Carpenter. J. cricolor is more suffused and iridescent in colour, and somewhat less inflated. 7. PALLIDA, f. 19, 20, Harvey.—Testa quam I. globosa minor, Magis exigua, apertura antice rotunda.—Smaller and proportionately narrower than I. globosa, but only separated here on account of the rounded and patulate form of the lower part of the mouth. I. srriotata of Adams and Rve. is indistinguishable, although the faint strie common to all the species are a little more expressed. 8. IRIcoLor, f. 17, Reeve.—Testa quam J. globosa tenuior, purpureo suffusa, subiridescens, anfractu ultimo infra magis excavato, columella magis tortua.x—The suffused colour, the shght iridescence, thin substance, excavation of the lower part of the body whorl, and the tortuous columella seem to justify the separation of this species from I. globosa. 9. ExI@uA, f. 23, 24, Lamarck.—Testa parva utrinque acuminata, ompino densi purpurea, tenuiter lirata liris medio angulatim sinuatis ; apertura alta medio profunde et acute sinuato.—I, bifida, Nuttall, is probably the American repre- sentative of this species, which is longitudinally ridged, the ridges being sharply sinuated in the middle. It is narrower than the other globose forms, and more pointed at both ends. 10. nivens, f. 21, Menke.—Testa quam I. exigua paulo magis inflata, vix lirata, nitens, utrinque acuminato.—The form is the same as that of J. exigua, perhaps a little more inflated, but the lirse are partially, if not entirely, obsolete. 52 IANTHINA. ll. umpriicata, f. 22, D’Orbigny.—Testa parva, angu- latim subglobosa, levis, anfractu ultimo medio subacute angulato, post columellam subumbilicato ; columella rectius- cula, infra acuminata.—An interesting minute shell, in form something between the angular and globose shells of the genus. A slight umbilical depression is observable behind the columella, which terminates in an acute angle. 53 ALPHABETICAL INDEX TO IANTHINA. affinis, Rve. fragilis. See f. 2. Africana, Rve. communis, f. 8 balteata, Rve. planospirata. See f. 12. bicolor, Menke, communis, Pe fo 0: bifida, Nuttall, exigua, sp. 3, 24. britannica, Leach, sp. 4, f. 5, 6, 14. casta, Rve. planospirata. See f. 11. cerulata, Rve. planospi- rata. See f. 9, 10. communis, Lamk. sp. 3, decollata, Carp. globosa. See fo ES: depressa, Rve. planospirata. See f. 10. exigua, sp. 9, Lamk. f. 23, 24. fibula, Rve. fragilis. See f. 3. fragilis, Lamk, sp. 1, f. globosa, Swains. sp. 6, f. 16-18. grandis, Rve. Britannica, f. 5. involuta, Rve. fragilis. See f. 1- iricolor, Rve. sp. 8, f. 17. nitens, sp. 10, Menke, f. 21. pallida, sp. 7, Harvey, f. patula, Ph. pallida. sp. 7. penicephala, Peron. com- munis, f. 7, 8. planospirata, sp. 5, Ad. and Rve. f. 9-13. prolongata, Bl. globosa, sp. 6. roseola, Rve. fragilis. See el smithie, Rve. Britannica. See f. 5. striolata, Ad. and Rve. pallida. See f. 19. striulata, Carp. fragilis, sp. trochoidea, Ree. sp. 2, f. 15. umbilicata, sp. 11, D’Orb. f. 22. MONOGRAPH OF THE FAMILY CALYPTRAID A. Testa patelliformis, adhzrens, subtus appendice furcata vel calyculata, aut lamina semispirali aut septiformi munita. Limpet-shaped-shells, having an internal plate or appendage in place of the basal plate and columellar lip of spiral shells. In Catyrrra, as limited in this monograph, it is a sort of forked projection from the apex. In CrucipuLum, with some variations, it is an oval cup projecting from the apex, but attached by one side to the inner wall of the shell. In Trocuita, it forms a spiral or semispiral base to the last whorl ; and in Creprpua it is more or less septiform. We accept this general arrangement (from Reeve) as the most convenient, although, through intervening forms, the genera, excepting the first, cannot be very exactly defined. Genus CALYPTRA. Molluscum interdum laminam basalem extraneam formans. Testa albida, epidermide tenui induta; appendice columellari ' projecta, fornicata, bifurcata.—The forked projection re- sembles the half of a narrow split funnel, and serves the purpose of an internal support in place of the usual spiral column. Species. 1. Equestris, f. 1, 2, Linncus.—T. elevato-conica, liris scabriusculis profundis, ad marginem prominentibus sculpta, margine crenato; appendice magna; lamina basali solida, Pp 56 CALYPTREDA. margine crenato.—This species has the strize more regularly and deeply cut than in any of the allied species. It has a crenulated edge, and forms a shelly plate, which is also crenulated at the margin. Lamarck having selected this out of several species which may have been intended by Linnzus, it has been so accepted by conchologists. 2. cicatricosa, f. 8, 4, 35, 36, Aeeve.—Tenuis, depressa, tenuissime striata, annulis concentricis undulatis rugata.— Thin, finely striated, roughened with concentric swellings, and having the apex nearly central. Adamsii, f.4, and Cyathella, f. 35, appear to be really undistinguishable from this, although the former has been found with a shelly base as in equestris. 3. pormitorta, f. 19, 20, 538, Reeve.—T. solidiuscula, ven- tricosa, tenuiter striata, apice valde arcuatim retrorso, acuto. Rather solid, ventricose, finely striated, with apex arched in a backward direction. » 4, stuttoruM, f. 29, Reeve.—Oblique conica, dense striata; apice acuto producto curvo.—Obliquely conical, very closely ribbed, with the arched acute apex leaning beyond the margin. 5. uncrnata, f. 28, Reeve.—Subdepressa levis; apice uncinato retrorso.—A smooth round species with a hooked and much recurved apex. 6. saccyari-meta, f. 8, 9, Reeve.—Rotunda elevata levius- cula, apice subretrorso.—This very elevated, rounded shell has very little sculpture of its own, the waved lines and crenated margin of the specimen resulting from inequalities in the surface of attachment. 7. TONGANA, f. 38, 39, Quoy.— Parva subrotunda ven- tricosa levis apice rotundo marginaliimSmall, rather round, ventricose, with the apex round, marginal. 8. BuLLA, f. 18, Reeve.—Tenuissima subinflata laminam tenuissimam basalem formans; rugis concentricis et striis raciantibus regulariter inzequalibus cancellata.—This species sometimes forms a basal plate. The sculpture is extremely fine, but, when magnified, shows equi-distant radiating ridges with fine strive delicately cancellated between. 9, cepacnA, f. 7, 5, 6, 35, 36, Broderip.—Tenuis planulata expansa orbiculata tenuissime striata, apice acuto, retrorso. CALYPTREDE, 67 Thin, flat, wide, round, finely striated, with the apex sharp and turned backwards. C. cornea, Brod., f. 5, 36, and C. varia, Brod., f. 6, cannot be definitely distinguished, and from Mr. Broderip’s own remarks in the Linnean Transac- tions, it may be inferred that they are probably only varieties a little irregular in growth. They take ‘almost every shape that a calyptrea can assume.’ The ends of the divided eyathus are described as more pointed in the more normal C. cepacea. But these are also subject to great variation, 10. stELLA, f. 27, Reeve.—Orbicularis complanata, liris radiantibus subdistantibus et interstitialibus minutis concen- trice decussatis stellata; apice subcentrali depresso, appendice parva.—Round, flat, with distant radiating ridges and inter- stitial decussated areas, giving a star-like appearance to the surface. The appendage is very small in the specimen figured. 11. porosa, f. 51, 52, Reeve.—Elevato-conica rotunda tenuis, radiatim costata ; interstitiis foveolatis ; apice valde re- trorso, acuto, appendice interna lanceolata.—Raised, radiately and roughly ribbed, pitted between the ribs; apex bent towards the back margin. 12. arpa, f. 10-15, Martint.—Solidiuscula, tenuissime striata, alta, varie corrugata et tortilis; apice retrorso.—The first figures, pl. 13, f. 117, 118 of Martini’s Lepas alba certainly represent forms of this crumpled species, which, according to the particular character or degree of the tor- tuosities exhibited, are divided into the species tortilis and Martiniana, f. 10, 11, diaphana, f. 12, fibulata, f. 13, and balanoides, f. 14, 15. 13. papyracna, f. 16, 17, A. Ad., fid. Reeve.—Albe similis, sed oblique elevatim elongata.—The shell figured by Reeve differs less from C. alba than our f. 16,17. Both may quite possibly represent very elongated distortions of the previous species. 14. corrugata, f. 42, 43, 44, Broderip.—Orbicularis, de- pressa, rudissime radiatim costata, costis nodosis et divaricatis 5 apice obtuso subretrorso ; facie interna concentrice et leviter nodosa.—Orbicular, depressed, very roughly radiately ribbed ; ribs nodose and divergent; apex obtuse and drawn towards the back; interior surface concentrically and smoothly nodose. 58 CALYPTREDE. 15. CANCELLATA, f. 21, 22, Adams and Reeve.-—Tumida vel ventricosa, costellis radiantibus et liris interstitialibus can- cellata; apice retrorso vel subcentralii—Our figure 22 is of the form described in the voyage of the Samarang; f. 21 is a capuliform specimen in hand. ‘The radiating ribs with minute interstitial cross-bars are the same in both. 16. aLvEOLATA, f. 23, Adams.—lregularis, sub-elevata, cos- tellis radiantibus acute nodosis et rugis concentricis decussata. Trregular, rather raised, decussated with radiating sharply notched riblets and concentric wrinkles. 17. VANIKOROENSIS, f. 17, Qwoy.—Conica, obliqua, obtusa, striis radiantibus, ineequalibus sculpta.—The writer does not understand this species, nor does he suppose that Mr. Reeve has identified it. In the Astrolabe one side figure is given, which we copy, aud the other figures are of distorted shells. 18. Layarpi, f. 18, Reeve.—Hipponiciformis, radiatim costata ; costis rotundis, longitudinaliter valde striatis.—The sculpture of this obliquely conical species is that of fine small fibres gathered up into bunches so as to form ribs. 19. prneopsis, f, 40, 41, Quwoy.—Parva capuliformis tenuissima, liris majoribus radiantibus et interstitialibus minutis sculpta.—Small, cap-shaped, very finely sculptured, with larger radiating and smaller interstitial raised striz. Probably the same as figured by Reeve for C. vanikoroensis, Quoy. 20. HIPPONICIFORMIS, f. 24, 25, 26, Aeeve.—Rotunda, parva, oblique elevatim producta, striis minutis, subeequalibus sculpta; apice obtuso valde retrorso.— Round, small, obliquely elevated, produced, with very fine, nearly equal strize. : 21. umpo, f. 49, 50, Reeve.—Elevato-conica, rotunda, distanter radiatim subnodoso-costata, interstitiis minute striatis; apice retrorso, submarginali.i—Conically raised, round, distantly rayed with nodose ribs; interstices minutely striated, apex bent back towards the margin. 22. scututum, f. 46, 47, Reeve.—Orbicularis convexa, radiatim lirata; lris distantibus, interstitiis minute striatis, margine striato, appendice minuta, apice valde retrorso.— Small and round, with equidistant radiating ribs and inter- stitial strize; apex near the margin; margin striated. CALYPTRED &. 59 23. TECTUM-SINENSE, f. 30-34, Chemnitz.—Levis inter- dum elevata, laminis concentricis tectiformibus exfoliata.— Smooth, exfoliated with concentric roof-like laminz. In one edition of Linnzus’ work this stands as the first variety of his Patella equestris. The species is also figured as second variety of Martini’s Lepas alba. Our f. 30, 33, 34 represent the normal forms; 32, scabies of Reeve, which has the laminz more flattened; and 31, the varia of Reeve, but not of Broderip, may be regarded as a state in which the first contabulated lamina is very broad and flat and the second has scarcely begun to be formed. 24. acuLuata, f. 45, Broderip.—Depressa, rotunda, levis, cornea, aculeis parvis fornicatis distanter adspersa.—May possibly be a variety of C. cornea, Broderip (cepacea), with accidental points. Genus CRUCIBULUM. (Plate IIT., IV., and part of V.) Testa patelliformis; appendice interna ovata, calyciformi vel semicalyciformi, lateraliter per marginem unum vel per mar- gines duos adnata.—The ‘ cup and saucer’ limpets normally have a funnel-shaped cup free from the sides of the parietal portion, except where joined in one lateral seam, but a sec- tion of the species have the appendage looped or three- cornered, and attached by two margins, and forming two of the three angles. 1. scurutatum, f. 1-6, Gray.—Patelliforme vel conicum, fulvum vel fusco-purpurascens, radiatim costatum, costis crassis, subnodosis rubro-lineatis ; calyce infundibuliformi.— The variety (rude, Broderip) with sharp ribs and wide 60 CALYPTRADA. intervals, seems to differ from those with thick rounded ribs near together, and the conical forms may seem distinct from the flattened ones, but in a number of specimens they are found to merge into each other. 2. auricutatum, f. 7-14, Chemnitz.—Subspiratum, varie radiatim et concentrice pictum, fere leve, vel spinoso-cos- tatum, costis et spinis oblique radiatis; spinis brevissimis vel elongatis ; calyce magno, ovato.—The spines or spinous ribs, as well as the markings, differ much in different varieties, but agree as to their oblique, semispiral direction. 3. tignarium, f. 15-23, Broderip. — Oblique conicum, elevatum, (variat magis depressum aut lateraliter distortum ) radiatim plus minusve striatum aut liratum; apice acuto valde retrorso; pallide fulva, aut grisea, castaneo radiata, aut acute maculata, nonnunquam lignaria calyce ovato, lateraliter annexo.—Figures 15, 16 represent the most extreme forms, and both are included in Mr. Broderip’s plates. C. tragonale of Adams and Reeve, our f. 21, 22, show a strong affinity to them, while in its turn C. spectrum, Reeve, cannot be separated; and the bowx-weod-coloured deformity, f. 23, brings us back to lignaria, f. 15. 4, renun, f. 24, 27, 28, 30, Broderip.—Tenue subdepres- sum sublevigatum, fulvo vel castaneo radiatum, apice sub- centrali; calyce ovato, lateraliter adnato.——Much smoother and thinner than the preceding, with a central or nearly central apex. 5. SERRATUM, p. 25, 26, Broderip.—Depressum costatum castaneo uniradiatum, apice subcentrali obtuso, costis sub- distantibus, interstitiis concentrice foveolatis, calyce angu- lato lateribus duobus liberis.—A small fat species, with rather serrated ribs and pitted interstices. The cup is triangular, and has two free sides, the third side forming part of the wall. 6. CONCAMERATUM, f. 29, Reeve.—Oblique ovato-conicum, fulvum, valide costatum, interstitiis foveolatis; apice acu- tissimo oblique arcuato; calyce trigono lateribus duobus liberis—In the form of the cup and the sculpture this resembles C. serratum, but the apex is elevated, and has a strong semilateral curve. CALYPTREDA. 61 7, pecTINATUM, f. 31, 32, Carpenter—Solidum, ovatum, conicum, fulvum, distanter et rude costatum; apice acute et oblique uncinato ; calyce semiovato flexuoso, uno latere ad- nato.—Very coarsely ribbed with raised hook-shaped apex pointing upwards to the left. One side of the cup is formed by the wall of the shell, and the other two sides by a loop. 8. coRRUGATUM, f. 33-36, Carpenter.—Rotundum vel sub- quadratum, subdepresso-conicum, pallide fulvum, vel cas- taneum, costis corrugatis radiatum, apice subuncinato, plerumque retrorso.—C. violacewm, Reeve, with its delicate lilac interior, is not sufficiently distinct to be separated. 9, rADIATUM, f. 37, 38, Brodervyp.—Ovato-rotundum, depressum, tenuiter radiatim striatum et purpureo-castaneo radiatum, apice obtuso, subcentrali: calyce semicirculari, profundo; antice subplanato, retrorsim decumbenti.—The shell is a rather depressed cone with obtuse subcentral apex, rayed with dark chestnut. The cup is lilac, a half funnel with one straight side, and pressed backwards so as to le almost against the parietal part. 10. striatum, f. 39, 40, Say.—Subrotunde quadratum, depressum, oblique radiatim liratum ; apice retrorso, unci- nato, calice subtrigono, lateribus liberis in amentum curvis. 11. extmncrorium, f. 55-60, Lamarck.—Irregulariter ro- tundatum, lve, fulvo-grisescens, plerumque _ spiraliter radiatum ; apice subcentrali, semispirato, uncinato, calyce angustissime infundibuliformi.—The sharply hooked apex and the rays of colour are curved half spirally. 12. verrucosum, f. 51,52, Reeve-—Subdepressum fulvum rude plicatum et verrucosum; apice obtuso subcentrali, calyee angustissime infundibuliformi.—With the similarly looped calyx of the preceding this species has an obtuse apex and a very wrinkled, warty exterior. for) bo CALYPTRADA. Genus TROCHITA. Testa trochiformis vel patelliformis, spiralis, infra concavo- septiformis; margine columellari reflexo, margine basali pro- ducto. Shell trochus-shaped or patella-shaped, spiral, concave below; base septiform, columellar margin more or less reflected, basal margin more or less prominent. Species. 1. contca, f. 61, 62, Broderip.—Rotunda subdepressa, fulva, fasciis undulatis castaneis radiata ; spira parva centrali anfractibus perpaucis, septo basali lato, sub-angulatim pro- minenti.—A round limpet-shaped shell with a central apex. The septum is broad and hatchet-shaped, with the front edge prominently produced. 2. aspersa, f. 63, 64, C. B. Ad.—Quam T. conica tenuior, pallida, magis distanter radiata; septo angustiori haud tantum antice producto.—Like a small light miniature of 7. conica, with the septum narrower and less produced in front. 3. LICHEN, f. 65, 66, Broderip.—Subovata, depressa, albida apice subcentrali, septo angusto, angulatim producto.—A very flat, rather smooth ovate shell with a narrow hatchet- shaped septum. 4. aurita, f. 42, 43, Reeve.-—Subdepressa, irregulariter rotunda, radiatim serrato-costata; apice laxe spirato ; septo dolabriformi valde producto.—Front margin of septum much produced and rounded at the end of the projecting part. 5. SUBREFLEXA, f. 67, 68, Carpenter.—Irregularis pallida spinoso-costata; apice tumide spirali; septo late dolabriformi. Strize or radiating ribs spinose, apex spiral with a second tumid whorl ; septum broad, hatchet: shaped. 6. rasticiata, f. 72, 73, 74, Gowld.—Rotunda conica, sordida lzviuscula, lateraliter convexa; apice mamillato ; septo obtuse trigono.—Not so depressed as S. sinensis, CALYPTREDA. 63 with the sides of the conical form a little concave; septum obtusely hatchet-shaped. 7. Pocutum, f. 80, 84, Reeve-—Parva sordida rotunda convexo-conica tenuis cornea ; septo trigono-spirali.i—Small, cup-shaped, dull greenish brown, with a small hatchet-shaped septum. The specimens originally described were covered with an extraneous growth. 8. PELLUCIDA, f. 82, Reeve.—Parva, subovata, depressa, cornea pellucida; septo trigono-spiralii—The difference between this and the preceding species is very small, but the latter is more depressed and thin. 7. poculwm, f. 84, is undistinguishable. 9. LATERALIS, f. 93, 94, Sowerby.-—Solida, oblique com- pressa, divaricatim rugoso-corrugata, albida, partim castaneo nebulata, lamina septiformi spirali, complanata, medio sub- umbilicato, margine undulatim arcuato; spira trispirata.— Something like an obliquely flattened trochus with hollow base. 10. CALYPTREFORMIS, f. 85, 86, Lamarck.—Solida, spirali- ter crepiduliformis, purpureo suffusa et extus obscure fas- ciata, lamina basali arcuatim recedenti, medio anguste umbilicato ; spira depressa, anfractibus tribus subcomplanatis. Although in this and the next species there is an approach to the form of Crepidula, yet the septum is simply: as the base of the whorl of a spiral shell. 11. macuata, f. 87, 88, Quoy.— Rotunde crepiduliformis, intus purpurea, late unifasciata, extus epidermide straminea induta, anfractibus latiusculis convexis; lamina basali latis- sima, profunde subsidenti, margine arcuato.—More rounded, convex in the whorls, and hollow at the base than the pre- ceding species. It is otherwise known by a broad blackish purple band seen strongly in the interior, and more ob- scurely on the outer surface when the epidermis is removed. 12. ciyproLum, f. 89, 90, Reeve.—Depresso-trochiformis, intus alba, extus fuscata, epidermide levi induta; apice centrali; anfractibus quaternis, convexis; lamina basali pro- funde subsidenti; margine septiformi undulatim subproducto. In structure nearly approaching the trochiform species, but not, like them, conical in form. The septiform spiral base is sunk far within the outer margin of the shell. Q 64 CALYPTRAD A. 13. corrugata, f. 91, 92, Reeve.—Acute conica, tenuis, trochiformis, radiatim rugose lirata, albida; spira elevata, anfractibus quaternis profundis, margine basali dentato, lamina interna basali profunde subsidenti; margine sub- arcuatim producto.—Closely allied to 7. radians and 7. spirata, but light in colour and structure, with finer ribs and marginal fluting. 14, raprans, f. 95, 96, 99, Lamarck.—Subdepresso-conica, extus fulva, epidermide tenui induta, intus alba, maculis magnis purpureo-castaneis picta, margine fulvo maculato ; anfractibus quinis convexiusculis; costis distantibus hine illine divaricatis oblique radiatis, margine dentato, ultra septum basale extenso; margine lamine basalis leviter producto, undato.—The rayed ribs are oblique and sometimes divergent, and the four whorls are wide and a little convex. The elevated spire of fig. 99 is abnormal. 15. sprrata, f. 97, 98, Forbes.—Conica alta fumoso- fusca, septo radiatim fasciata ; anfractibus quinis, ad suturam concavis, tum tumidis, fere perpendiculariter costata, costis prominentibus distantibus; margine laqueatis; septo basali radiatim fasciato, margine subangulatim producto.—The narrower whorls, the concave suture, the more prominent and straight ribs, and general dark chocolate colour distinguish this from the preceding species. 16. tAmELLosa, f. 41, A. Adams ?—Rotunda depressa parva subsquamata; apice laterali; septo quasi incipienti, angustissimo, lateraliter decumbentii—A very small shell, in which the septum appears rudimentary. 17. sorpipa, f. 49, 50, Broderip.—Parva, sordide lutea, depressa, ovata, radiatim costata; anfractibus tribus regu- laribus; septo subtrigono, dolabriformi.—With the external form of a regularly spiral shell of several distinct whorls, and the hatchet-shaped septum of 7’. conica, T. sinensis, &e. 18. unauris, f. 47, 48, Broderip.—Parva livido-fusca, laxe spirata; apice elevato acuminato, laxato; septo subtri- gono, arcuatim dolabriformii—The loosened coils of the apex remind one of a little snake. The hatchet-shaped septum as in the preceding. 19. HeLicomEA, f. 53, 54, Sowerby.—Subaurantia, ob- lique subglobosa ; spira elevata, anfractibus tumidis obliquis, CALYPTREDA. 65 ultimo expanso, divaricatim costato; septo arcuato, margine columellari tumide reflexo.—A dorsal view gives the idea of a helicoid shell. The septum is more like that of some cre- pidulee. 20. MAMILLARIS, f. 69, 70, 71, Broderip.—Conica levis, extus sublivida, intus obscure fusca; spira mamillata, septo breviter dolabriformi.—Conical, smooth, rather livid without, sometimes coffee-coloured within, straight-sided; apex a little mamillated coil. 21. smnensis, f. 75-79, Linnceus.—Depresso-conica albida, plus minusve spinosa, ad latera subeoncava; septo acute trigono.—A flattened cone with the lateral outlines a little concave ; the surface covered more or less perceptibly with minute spinous points. Genus CREPIDULA. Testa plerumque ovata patelliformis; apice marginali, frequenter terminali; subtus concava, lamina basali septi- formi.—In Crepidula, the septiform plate is scarcely spiral in any case, and in most cases not at all so. It covers about half the cavity. Ina few species it is lobed or loop-like in the middle, with a deep notch at the side. Species. 1. przatTata, f. 100, 101, 102, Lamarck.—Semirotunda, fulva, frequenter variegata, subtus castaneo vel purpureo varie picta, apice laterali, subspirali; septo albo, subspirali, margine infra lobatim producto, ad terminum emarginato.— The white variety is the C. pallida of Broderip. 66 CALYPTREDA. 2. nautTiLoipEs, f. 104, 105, Lesson.—C. dilatate similis, sed profunde concava; spira magis inflata et contorta.—The habit of this Crepidula is to eoil its shell over others of the same species. Groups of these limpets are found thus with the shells deep and curved. 3. rottaceA, f. 103, 106, 107, Broderip.—Subdepressa, lateraliter expansa, alba, intus fasciatim aureo et castaneo fasciata, extus rugose plicata, margine crenato, apice parvo, terminali, septo trigono, curvo, prominente lobato.—Of the same general form as C. dilatata, but wrinkled half- divergently, with crenulated margin. The interior is prettily flashed with orange and chestnut. 4. onyx, f. 112, Sowerby.—Ovato-oblonga, castanea, lineis rubris radiata fulvo marginata; apice uncinato terminali, septo late albo rectiusculo; margine undulatim sinuato.— The original specimen, described in the ‘Genera of Shells,’ was overgrown and covered on the outside with extraneous matter, but the natural colour appears to be mahogany, with reddish lines showing at the inner margin. 5. FornicaTa, f. 118, 123, JLinnewws.—Ovato-oblonga, earnea, punctis minutis rubris adspersa, margine rubro lineato (variat subpurpureo), septo lato elongato recto.—Sus- ceptible of many variations in form and colouring, but mostly sprinkled with the little red dots that have given to one variety the name of C. arenata, Broderip. 6. pxcavata, f. 119, Brodervp.—Leyis, straminea, oblonga uregulariter ovata, lateraliter compressa ; intus fasciis lividis picta; apice producto uncinato terminali septo lato, margine recto.—The specimens hitherto found have been bent up at the sides in a peculiar manner. The general colour is a kind of straw, with dark radiating flashes within. 7. PORCELLANA, f. 120, 121, 122, Linnwus.—Ovata sub- expansa depressa. partim fusco-livida castaneo variegata, margine intus maculato; apice peculiariter producto mamil- lato; septo lato brevi, margine leviter arcuato,—The spots with suffused edges, showing strongly on the inner margin, and the peculiarly mamillated and produced darkly coloured apex, are the characteristics of this species. Var. immersa, f. 122, has evidently been figured from a_ beach-rolled specimen, CALYPTRED A. 67 8, BILOBATA, f. 108, Gray.—Tenuis, pallide fusca, trifas- ciata, depressa; apice terminali, septo parviusculo, supra medium emarginato, infra lateraliter profundissime inciso.— The lower notch in the margin of the septum is deeply cut. The shell is of a light texture and light brown colour. 9. acuLHATA, f. 124, 125, Gmelin.—Ovata subdepressa subspirali alba fusco fasciata, costis spiniferis ornata ; septo subspirali, infra medium producto, ad marginem teste breviter emarginato.—The spines in this species differ in number and size, and the chestnut bands in depth of colour, but a specimen of the species may always be known. 10. FissuraTA, f. 151, Sowerby.—Breviter subtrigona, convexa, intus castaneo nigrescenti; apice terminali, unci- naco; septo producto, lobato, lateraliter profundissime inciso, margine aurantio lineato.—A pretty little shell with dark interior, a very deep notch in the prominently lobed septum, where it joins the side. It has one or two lines of orange colour on its margin. 11. convexa, f. 109, 110, Say.—Parva ovato-oblonga convexa, succinea, apice terminali; septo parvo, subtrigono, margine arcuatim recedenti.—An amber-coloured small oval shell, very convex, with terminal apex; the septum is small and arched recedingly. 12. maneinaLis, f. 111, Broderip.—sSubplanata expansa, versus apicem lineata, intus (nisi ad marginem) vivide cas- tanea, margine aurantio lineata; septo oblique lobato, apice acute producto, terminali.i—The writer has seen specimens of intermediate shells tending to show that the specimen figured in the ‘ Transactions’ may have been only an acci- dentally flattened growth of C. onyz. 13. cosrama, f. 113, 114, Deshayes.—Ovato-oblonga rugosa, valide distanter costata, carneo-subpurpurea; interstitiis cos- tarum intus extusque livide castaneis margine dentato ; apice parvo, terminali; septo latissimo niveo, undulatim fere recto.—Broad ribs and dark interstices, showing within and without, and a strongly-toothed edge, characterise this species, which is unlike any other. 14. apunca, f. 115, Sowerby.—Capuliformis, fumoso-fusca, dorso convexo; apice producto uncinato declivi; septo parvo, 68 CALYPTREDE. profundo trigono albo.—Dark brown, deeply cap-shaped, with a hooked apex curved downwards, 15. rostrata, f. 116, 117, C. B. Ad.—Quam C. adunca altior, apice magis elevato, margine regulariter ovato; septo parvo. —Of a more regularly oval form and more freely raised apex than C. uncinata. 16. apspersa, f. 126, 127, Dunker.— Angusta oblonga pallida maculis fusco-purpureis adspersa; apice terminali, obtuso; septo leviter arcuato.—The specimens figured in Dunker’s work are irregular in form, but narrow and with obtuse apices. 17. sitcHana, f. 128, 129, Middendorf.—Succinea, oblique capuliformis, convexa ; apice postice marginali septo angus- tissimo, profunde recedenti. 18. LENTIGINOSA, f. 130, 130*, Sowerby.—Irreegularis, luteo- castanea, castaneo-purpurascenti maculata, frequenter latera- liter compressa, dorso frequenter elevato, apice libero, un- cinato, declivi; septo albo, obliquo.—The peculiar lentigi- nous spots and general appearance seem to bring the above two forms together; the mode of growth preventing uni- formity of shape. 19. nepatica, f. 131, 132, Deshayes.—Irregulariter sub- ovata, levis, intense fuscata, apice producto, septo albo sub- oblique arcuato.—When young, the form is ovate, as in f. 132. Afterwards the shape depends on conditions of growth. The interior is intensely blackish-brown. 20. incuRVA, f. 133, 134, 135, Broderip.—tlrregulariter oblonga, castanéo-nigricanti; longitudinaliter lirata; apice producto, deflecto; septo albo, lato, margine arcuato.—Traces of the lire may be seen on the back of the variety named imeurva by Broderip, although they are not so strong as in the variety lirata of Reeve. 21. contorta, f. 137, 138, Quoy.—Albida linguzeformis, pallide maculata, contorta; septo parvo, trigono.— There is little character to be traced in this pale, irregularly-formed species. 22. unauirormis, f. 139, 140, Lamarck.—Alba tenuis, oblonga, ad terminum subquadrata, dorso decurvo vel recurvo, > CALYPTREDA. 69 septo lato fornicato, apice minuto.—This white shell grows sometimes on the outside and sometimes on the inside of rounded shells, and takes a convex or concave form accord- ingly. 23. ExuviaTA, f. 141, 142, Nwttall.—Albida vel nivea linguzeformis depressa, angustissime vel mediocriter elongata ; apice producto, frequenter exfoliato, septo elongato, plus minusve fornicato.—The form first described is that of fig. 142. It differs from the other; but this has been caused by the condition of its growth. 24. NaviceLLompEs, f. 143, Nuttall.—Alba subrotunda subrugosa concava, solida; lamina septiformi latissimo mar- gine arcuato, apice laterali.—The prevailing free shape of this white Crepidula is circular, slightly curved, with a decumbent apex. 25. Lussont, f. 144, 145, 146, Broderip.—Fulva vel alba, ovata vel subtrigona, laminis concentricis extantibus, sub- distantibus radiatim rubro-lineatis, vel vacuis ornata; mar- gine squamoso; septo semicirculari; apice producto leviter curvo.—The typical reddish-streaked shell cannot be dis- tinguished otherwise than by colour from the white variety named C. fimbriata by Reeve. 26. squama, f. 147, 148, Broderip. — Depressa, ovata, epidermide subrugosa induta obscure radiatim lineata ; apice producto, terminali, septo medio arcuato.—Differing from the preceding in the absence of outstanding scaly plates. 27. Watsut, f. 149, 150, Hermansen (Reeve).—Irregu- lariter dilatata, curva, alba, frequenter planata; septo sub- trigono, margine dilatato, partim excavato, ad latus obsolete inflecto et plicato; apice parvo, acuto, curvo.—Our f. 150 represents the familiar form of C. Walshit, Herm.; plana, Ad. and Rve. It has been developed on a flat or even concave surface, while the more irregular f. 149 (scabies, Rve.) has had its growth among crudities, and is, therefore, rough and irregular. 28. cutnensis, f. 152, 153, Gray.—Test. jun. rotunda ealyciformis paucispiralis; postea irregulariter expansa ; spira decumbenti; septo trigono, latere columellari reflexo, tubiformi—lIn this species the columellar part of the septum 70 CALYPTREDA. appears to have been reflected, and its edge soldered on to the basal plate, leaving a penetrable tube.—The young shell, f. 152, 153, is round, with a decumbent spire, but in grow- ing becomes laterally and irregularly expanded. It is not different enough from C. Walshw to justify its setting apart as agenus. Noicea chinensis was the name given by the late Dr. Gray. 29. porsata, f. 45, 46 (Pl. 5), Broderip.-—Ovata fulva radiatim costata, margine crenato; apice subcentrali; septo concayo, obliquo, ad latus profunde emarginato.—Having the nearly central apex of a Calyptraa, with the lobed and con- cave septum of a Crepidula. ALPHABETICAL INDEX TO CALYPTRA. aberrans, C.B. Ad., Z. P.1863 ; not found. aculeata, Brod. sp. 24, f. 45. Adamsii, Rve.=cicatricosa. alba, Martini, sp. 12, f. 10-15. alveolata, A. Ad. sp. 16, f. 23. araucana, Lesson; not found. balanoides, Rve.=alba. bulla, Rve. sp. 8, f. 18. Byronensis, Gray ; not found. cancellata, Ad. and ve. sp. 15, f. 21, 22. cepacea, Brod. sp. 9, f. 5, 6, 7, 36 chlorina, Gld.; not identified. cicatricosa, Rve. sp. 2, f. 3, 4. cinerea, Rve. ; not identified. cornea, Brod.=cepacea. corrugata, Brod. sp. 14, f. 42, 43, 44), cyathella, Rve.=cepacea. depressa=cicatricosa. diaphana, Rve.=alba. dormitoria, Five. sp. 3, f. 19, 20, 53. equestris, Zinn. sp. 1, f. 1, 2. hipponiciformis, ve. sp. 20, f. 24, 25, 26. Layardi, Ive. sp. 18, f. 48. Martiniana, Rve.=alba. ossea, Rve.=dormitoria. papyracea, A, Ad. sp. 18, f. 16,17 pileopsis, Quoy, sp. 19, f. 40, Al. planulata, C.B. Ad.=cepacea? porosa, Ive. sp. 11, f. 51, 52. radiosa, Gld. = hipponicifor- mis. sacchari-meta, Rve. sp. 6, f. scabies, Rve. = tectum-sinense. scutulum, Five. sp. 22, f. 46,47. stallonia ; not identified. stella, Rve. sp. 10, f. 27. stultorum, ve. sp. 4, f. 29. tectum-sinense, Chemmn. sp. 23, f. 30-34. tongana, Quoy, sp. 7, f. 38, 39. tortilis, Rve.=alba. umbella ; not identified. umbo, five. sp. 21, f. 49, 50. uncinata, dve. sp. 5, f. 28. vanikoroensis, (Juoy, sp. 17 ae varia, Brod.=cepacea. varia, Rve. not Brod.=tec- tum-sinense. v2 INDICES. ALPHABETICAL INDEX TO CRUCIBULUM. auriculatum, Chemn. sp. 2, f. 7-14. auriculatum, Rve. not Chemn. =corrugatum. cinereum, Gray = auricula- tum. concameratum, Five sp. 6, f. me corrugatum, Carp. sp. 8, f. 33, 36. é dentatum, C. B. Ad.==scuiel- latum. extinctorium, Lam. sp. 11, f. 55-60, ferrugineum, Rve.=tennue. hispidum, Brod. = auricula- tum. imbricatum, Brod.= pectina- tum. imbricatum, Sowb.=scutella- tum. lignarium, Brod. sp. 3, f. 15- 23. lividum, Rve.=extinctorium. longirostre, Owen=equestre. maculatum, Brod.=auricula- tum. morbidum, Rve.=extincto- rium. pectinatum, Carp. sp. 7, f. 31, 32. pexiza, Gray=auriculatum. radiatum, Brod. sp.9, f. 37,38. rude, Brod.=scutellatum. rugosum, Desh.=lgnarium. rugosum, Lesson = scutella- tum. scutellatum, Gray, sp. 1, f. 1-6. serratum, Brod. sp. 5, f. 25, 26. spectrum, Rve.=lignarium. spinosum, Sowb. = auricula+ tum. striatum, Say, sp. 10, f. 39, 40. tenue, Brod. sp. 4, f. 24, 27, 28, 30. trigonale, Ad. and Rve.=lig- narium. tubiferum, Lesson=auricula- tum. umbrella, Desh.=scutellatum. verrucosum, five. sp. 12, f. 51, 52. violaceum, Carp. = corruga- tum. ALPHABETICAL INDEX TO TROCHITA. alba, Donovan=sinensis. aspersa, C. B. Ad. sp. 2, f. 63, 6A, : anrita, Rve. sp. 4, f. 42, 43. calyptreeformis, Lam. sp. 10, f 80, 86 _ clypeolum, five.. sp. 12, f. 89, 90. INDICES. 73 conica, Brod. sp. 1, f. 61, 62. corrugata, Rve. sp. 13, f. 91, 92. fastigiata, Gould, sp. 6, f. 72, , 74. Jusca, Carp.=poculum. helicoidea, Sowb. sp. 19, f. 53, 54 lamellosa, A. Ad. sp. 16, f. 41. lateralis, Sowb. sp. 9, f. 93, 94. lichen, Brod. sp. 3, f. 65, 66. levigata, Lam.=sinensis. levigata, Chemn. = mamilla- ris. maculata, Quoy, sp. 11, f. 87, 88. magellanica, Gray ?=clypeo- lnm? maumillaris, Brod. sp. 20, f. 69, 60,41. muricata, Da Costa=sinensis. pellucida, Rve. sp. 8, f. 82. peruviana, Desh.=radians. pileus, Lam.=spirata. poculum, ive. sp. 7, f. 80-84. radians, Lamk. sp. 14, f. 95, 96, 99. reguiaris, Rve.=mamillaris, sinensis, Linn. sp. 21, f. 75-79. solida, Rve.=mamillaris. sordida, Brod. sp. 17, f. 49, 50. spinulosa, Ch.=sinensis. spirata, Forbes, sp. 15, f. 97,98. subreflexa, Carp. sp. 5, f. 67, 68. tomentosa, Quoy=calyptree- formis. unguis, Brod. sp. 18, f. 47, 48. violascens, Carp. = calyptre- formis. vulgaris, Phil.=sinensis, ALPHABETICAL INDEX TO CREPIDULA. aculeata, Gmel. sp. 9, f, 124, 125 Adolphe, Lesson ; not identi- fied. adspersa, Dunk. sp. 16, f. 126, 127 adunca, Sowb. sp. 14, f. 15. amygdalus, Val.=onyx. aplysioides, Rve.=onyx. arenata, Brod.=fornicata. bilobata, Gray, sp. 6, f. 108. calceolina, Desh.=unguifor- mis. californica, Nutt.=aculeata. candida, Risso=unguiformis. capensis, Quoy ; not identified. cerithicola, C. B. Ad.=onyx. chinensis, Gray, sp. 28, f. 152- 154. contorta, Quoy, sp. 21, f. 187, 138. convexa, Say, sp. 11, f. 109, 110. costata, Desh. sp. 13, f. 113, 114. dilatata, Lam. sp. 1, f. 100, 101, 102 dorsata, Brod. sp. 29, f. 45, 46. echinus, Brod.=aculeata. excavata, Brod. sp. 6, f. 119. explanata, Gould = nayicel- loides. exuviata, Nutt. sp. 23, f. 141, 142. fimbriata, Rve.= Lessoni. fissurata, Sowb. sp. 10, f. 151. foliacea, Brod. sp. 3, f. 103, 106, 107. 74 INDICES. fornicata, Linn. sp. 5, f. 118, 123. garnotus, Ad.=adunca ? | gemmacea, Val.=rugosa. glauca, Say=fornicata. goreensis, Ad.; not identified. hepatica, Desh. sp. 19, f. 131, 132. Holurthii, Parrey; not iden- tified. hystria, Brod.=aculeata. - immersa, Ad. and Rve.=por- cellana. incurva, Brod. sp. 20, f. 183- 135. intermedia, D’Orb. ; not iden- tified. italica, Defr.=unguiformis. lentiginosa, Sowb. sp. 18, f. 130, 180*. Lessoni, Brod. sp. 25, f. 144, 145, 146. lingulata, Gould=exuyiata P lirata, Rve.=incurya. marginalis, Brod.sp.12,f.111. Moulinsti, Mich.=aplysioides =onyx. nautiloides, Lesson, sp. 2, f. 104, 105. navicelloides ? sp. 24, f. 143. nivea, C. B. Ad.=exuviata. nummaria, Gould = navicel- loides. onyx, Sowbd. sp. 4, f. 112. osculans, C. B. Ad.=navicel- loides. pallida, Brod.=dilatata. patagonica, D’Orb=dilatata P patula, Desh. ; not identified. perforans P=exuviata P peruviana ?=dilatata, Lam. plana, Ad. and Rve.= Walshii. plana, Say=unguiformis. porcellana, Linn. sp. 7, f. 120, 121, 122. rostrata, C. B. Ad. sp. 15, So Ly. rostriformis, Gld.=adunca P rugosa, Nuttall P=onyx. rugulosa, Brod.=foliacea. Rusei, Dak. ; not identified. scabies, Rve.=Walshii. sinuosa, Turt.=unguiformis. sitchana, Midd. sp. 17, f. 128, 129. solida, Hinds=uncata. squama, Brod. sp. 26, f. 147, 148. strigata, Brod.=foliacea. subspirata, Bl. ; not identified. trochiformis=spirata. uncata, Mnke.=adunca. unguiformis, Lamk. sp. 22, f. 139, 140. Walshii, Herm. sp. 27, f. 149, 150. 75 MONOGRAPH OF THE GENUS NATICA. Testa plerumque solida globosa, szpissime umbilicata ; spira brevi, frequenter vix exserta, anfractibus paucis; um- bilico aut amplo, aperto, aut callo spirali partim impleto, aut callo columellari tecto; apertura plus minusve semi- lunari. Operculum szpissime corneum tenue paucispirale, interdum testaceum.—The Natice are generally globose and solid: The most solid and compact are those which, like N. canrena, have a spiral callus inside the umbilicus, and a large proportion of these have an operculum with a shelly outer surface. Others, like NV. didyma and its allies, have the callus of the columella spread into a more or less rounded pad, covering a large part or the whole of the umbilicus, and have a thin horny operculum. A few species are quite thin and simple, and without any umbilicus. The only division that could be made would be between those species with a shelly, and those with a horny operculum, but these are not always known, and do not correspond with other divisional characters. The shells of Naticze are mostly smooth, some even polished, being more or less wrapped up in the opercu- ligerous lobes. The divisions of the genus in the work of the late Messrs. Adams are: 1. Natica. With spiral callus in umbilicus, and shelly operculum. Ex. NV. canrena. 2. LunatiaA. With simple umbilicus, or none. Opere. generally horny. Ex. L. catena. 3. Neocrita. Flat-spired, with lobed callus. Opere. horny. Ex. N. olla. (cee NATICA. 4, AMPULLINA. A. fluctwata. 5. Ruma. Small spire, large and wide mouth. Operc. horny, narrow. Ex. R. mamillaris and Sebe. 6. Mamma. No characters applicable to all the species enumerated. Ex. M. Draparnaudi and Caribea. Species. Operculum thin, horny. 1. otna, f. 1, Marcel de Serres.—Globosa, solida, superne glauco-fusea, infra alba; spira brevi, anfractibus subrotundis umbilico lato, profundo, callo columellari simplici fulvo, dimidiatim umbilicum tegenti; apertura mediocri, labio externo obtuse rotundo.—The most globose shell of the group to which it belongs. The callus is swelled on the body- whorl, and projects in a round form so as to cover about half the umbilicus. It is simple. The NV. glawcina of Lamarck is this shell, but that of Linnzeus belongs to another set. 2. camprecueEnsis, f. 7, Reclwz.—Precedenti similis, sed depressa, lateraliter expansa, callo columellari rotundo, um- bilicum fere tegentii—This may be considered the typical form of the group to which it belongs. It is much depressed, and the umbilicus is nearly covered in by the tumid and expanded callus. 3. Reciuzrana, f. 6, Deshayes.—Conica ; spira exserta, aliter N. Campechensi affinis, callo magis lingueeformi; anfractibus prope suturam fusco fasciatis.—-With the essential characters of the group, this species has a conically elevated form, produced by lateral compression. 4, Bacont, f. 2, Reeve.-—Quam J. olla magis obliqua, an- fractibus superne depressis, callo umbilicali simplici sed planulatim concavo.—Much more oblique and depressed than the preceding. It has the umbilical callus undivided, but flattened and depressed. _ 5. auauca, f. 5, Hwmboldt.—Campechensi similis, sed oblique valide depressa, apertura lateraliter expansa callo umbilicali parvo, producto, lingueeformi, columella obliqua.— Very obliquely depressed, with a small tongue-shaped, dark callus projected partly over the umbilicus, and a very oblique, thin columella. NATICA. we 7. pipyMA,f. 4,14, Bolt.—W. olle et N. Campechensi similis, sed callo umbilicali per suleum diviso.—Glaucina of Lamarck not being the glaucina of Linneeus, this species has been divided into several, under other names, by Recluz, &e. These are: Chemmitzii, Recluz (glawcina, Lamarck, not Linneus), our f. 4; Petiveriana, Recluz, with the callus a little less produced; and Lamarckiana, Deshayes, our f. 14.— These all differ from NV. olla and campechensis in having the projecting umbilical callus divided by a grove. They cannot be fairly separated from each other, and we follow the arrangement of the British Museum in applying to them the above resuscitated name. 8. PROBLEMATICA, f. 54, Reeve.—Quam NV. didyma magis oblique elevata; umbilico elongato; callo umbilicali angusto, diviso.—The greater obliquity in form and the columnar elevation of the callus may perhaps justify the separation of this species. 9. HERCULEA, f. 3, Jonas.—Maena globosa pallide fulva ; spira exsertiuscula, anfractibus ad suturam angulatis, tum declivibus; apertura magna, labio externo superne producto, sinuato ; columella arcuata, lata, callosa, partim super umbi- licum producta ; umbilico lato.—A large shell, differing from the preceding group in form and in the callus, which is scarcely extended into a lobe over the umbilicus. The whorls are angular near the suture, and then slope outwards. 10. Incur, f. 63, 64 (young), 101-163, Phil.— Oblique depressa, subangulata, subtus albida, superne castanea aut flavida, spira depresso-conica, callo rotundo tumido, umbi- licum replenti, ad suturam tumido.—Of a depressed, rather angular form, with a large callus at the suture, sometimes showing above the edge of the outer lip, and an umbilical callus completely filling up the wide cavity. 11. cuavata, f. 27, 167, Sowerby. — Oblique ovata, albida ; umbiiico magno, profundo, callo umbilicali magno claviformi, rotundo, planato interne spiraliter continuo.— Differing from NV. Jncet in the more obliquely oval form, and in having the button-shaped umbilical callus separated from the body-whorl so as to show its spiral origin in the cavity. 12. Draparnaunl, f, 84, Recluz.—Globoso-subacuminata, obliqua, anfractibus declivibus, anfractibus aurantiis, ad U 78 NATICA. suturam albifasciatis, umbilico magno, callo spirali angusto ; apertura semilunari, albida, labio interno late calloso et medio calli lobato.—In form and colour resembling J. aurantia, but differing in having a spiral callus. 13. cotumnaris, f. 37, Recluz.—Alba, nitens, oblique de- pressa et lateraliter compressa; umbilico latissimo, callo spirali rotundo, apertura obliqua, labio interno superne calloso, ad umbilicum prominente lobato.—A white oblique shell with wide umbilicus and thick spiral callus. 14. oRIENTALIS, f. 65,66, Gmelin.—Oblique globosa, alba vel castanea spira acutiuscula, ultimo anfractu ad suturam depresso crenulato, subito ad aperturam expanso; umbilico magno, intus spiraliter univaricoso, columella rectiuscula ad varicem umbilicalem callosa.—Close to the suture the last whorl is depressed, almost channelled, and crenulated at the edge. 15. aLpumen, f. 57, Lamarck.—Lata, aurantio-fusca, late- raliter compressa, umbilico amplissimo, prope marginem bicarinato, callo spirali latissimo crasso; apertura semi- lunata, magna; labio interno calloso ad umbilicum latissime lobato.—Remarkable for an oblique compression from back to front, and the widest umbilicus with the thickest and broadest spiral callus to be found in any species. 16. nEros, f. 8, Say.—Herculee similis, magis conica, tenuis et elevata, columella rectiuscula, angusta, vix callosa, labio interno tenui.Resembling NV. herculea in general form, but more upright and with a more conical spire. The columella is straight and without the usual callus. These differences are only somewhat exaggerated in N. duplicata of Say, which cannot be regarded as distinct. 17. pomum, f. 19, Smcth.—Globoso-subturbinata, tenuis, superne castaneo-purpurea, epidermide fusca induta ; spira parva, anfractibus rotundis, ultimo magno, inflato, infra subacuminato; labio externo tenul, columella tenuiter et simplice reflexa, umbilico obliquo, angusto.—Of a light thin texture nearly resembling an Ampullaria. The columella is thinly reflected over the body-whorl above, and forms a simple sinuated edge over the umbilicus, which is narrow and oblique; mouth dull chestnut, the same colour showing through the ight brown epidermis. NATICA. 79 18. pApyRACEA, f. 149, Sowerby.—Globosa, tenuissima, JV. pomo similis, magis rotunda, spira exserta, anfractibus rotundis; columella sinuatim subcallosa ; colore pallide fulvo obscure bifasciato.—This shell bears a much nearer re- semblance to Helix pomwm than the preceding. 19. FLava, f. 125, Gould.—Globoso-subturbinata, tenuis, -flavida, spira brevissima, ultimo depresso, apertura magna, umbilico parvo, columella infra rectiuscula, supra medium callosa.—Simple in form and light in structure, with a very small callus on the upper part of the rather straight columella, covering part of the umbilicus. 20. CANRENA, f. 24, operc. f. 169, Linmnewus.—Solida, globosa, aureo quadrifasciata ad interstitia arcuatim castaneo maculata; spira brevi, umbilico magno lato, spiraliter valide univaricoso, anfractu ultimo rapide versus aperturam expanso; apertura magna, intus purpurea, semirotunda ; columella rec- tiuscula medio ad costam umbilicalem semirotunde callosa; operculo solido semispirali multicostato.—Distinguished by bands of golden brown, with white interstices spotted with dark bent markings. The lower outline of the body-whorl is hollowed. Operculum half spiral, thickly ribbed. 21. tinuata, f. 38, Lamarck.—Oblique globosa, albida, lineis rubris undulatis, infra terminantibus strigata ; apertura infra expansa, intus purpurea, umbilico lato, varice spirali lato.—Delicately striped with thin undulating red lines, with a broad spiral varix in the umbilicus; aperture obliquely pyriform, purple within. 22. Evens, f.150, Recluz.—Lineate similis, magis obliqua, lineis quadrifariam undulatis; varice umbilicali latissimo, depresso.—More oblique than lineata, with the lines four- waved, and the umbilical varix very broad and depressed. 23. zeBRA, f. 92, Lamarck.—Globosa, fulva, striis acute et arcuatim undulatis seriatim picta; spira acuta anfractibus declivibus ; umbilico magno, callo spirali valido labio interno tenuiusculo, apertura oblique declivi.—The stripes are beau- tifully undulated in points and curves. 24, ALA-PAPILIONIS, f. 46, Chemnitz.—Canrene forma simi- lis, leviter concentrice plicata fusco-aurata; interstitiis fas- ciarum albis, tessellatim maculatis, varice umbilicali obliquo, apertura oblique semicirculari, fauce purpurea.—Much re- 80 NATICA. sembling NV. canrena, but slightly plaited and with oblong markings on the white interstices of the bands. 25. BropertprAna, f. 91, Recluz.—Globoso-subpyramidata, concentrice lirata, fulva, fasciis tribus albis castaneo maculatis picta, infra alba; umbilico mediocri, callo spirali oblique compresso, columella superne callosa, medio lobata.—Across the body of the shell are three white bands, each painted with a series of large chestnut spots. 26. suncaTa, f. 33, 34, Born.—Globosa, plicis concen- tricis et lineis spiralibus puncturatis cancellata; albida, vel castaneo bifasciatim variegata; umbilico lato, callo spirali angusto.—The cross lines pass over the ribs, and are punctured in the interstices. 27. ruFA, f.42, Born.—Globosa, solida, subobliqua, ultimo anfractu ad aperturam expanso, superne et infra medium castaneo bifasciato; apertura magna, columella oblique recta, ad ultimum anfractum reflexa, callosa; umbilico mediocri callo spirali angustiusculo.—The upper part of the whorls of this globose shell is nearly covered with two broad, ’ defined bands. 28. ruLGURANS, f. 123, Recluz.—Oblique subglobosa, pal- lide fulva, maculis fusco-nigrescentibus picta; spira sub- pyramidata, anfractibus declivibus; umbilico parviusculo ceallo spirali-mediocriimMarked with camp-like angles. 29. cotuarta, f. 121, Lamarck.—Globosa fulva, undulatim strigata, prope suturam alba, fusco sagittata; spira subpro- ducta, anfractibus convexis; umbilico parvo; callo spirali deorso ; apertura intus purpureo suffusa.—Remarkable for the white band at the suture, with arrowhead markings. 30. CoLet, f. 142, 143, 144, Recluz.—Oblique subglobosa, lateraliter compressa, ad suturam obscure plicata, flammis eastaneis seriatim picta, apertura oblique declivi, intus pur- purea, callo spirali et umbilico majusculis.—This pretty little oblique species is variously marked with rows of flame- marks in alternately reversed directions. 31. macuLata, f. 21, 22, Chemnitz.—Globosa, solida, pal- lide fulva, castaneo punctata et interdum triseriatim macu- lata; spira brevi, anfractibus superne depressis subangulatis ; umbilico magno, callositate spirali tumida intranti, apertura NATICA. 81 semilunata, intus purpurea.—-In spite of the preliminary adverb attached to this name by Chemnitz, there seems to be no valid reason for dropping it in favour of Lamarck’s later name, millepunctata, which Reeve applied to the variety which is only spotted all over, and not banded with rows of blotches. 32. spapicea, f. 20, Gmelin.—Magna, globosa, crassa, medio anfractuum castanea, albo bifasciata ; spira brevi an- fractibus ad suturam depressis et crenulatis, umbilico an- gustiusculo, callo spirali depresso, lato.—The principal part of the shell is brown or delicately fawn-coloured, with a white band at the suture, and one dividing the brown. The spiral callus is broad and depressed. 33. Apansoni, f. 94, Reeve.—N. maculate simillima, sed angustior.—In colouring and substance resembling NV. ma- culata (the blotched var.), having also the dark purple tint in the inner part of the mouth, but much narrower, with a more elevated spire. It is ‘ Ze Panel’ of Adanson ; possibly a variety of the above. 34. macuLosa, f. 18, Lamarck.—-Globoso-subpyramidata, anfractibus superne declivibus, purpureo punctatis, infra sub- inflatis immaculatis, callo spirali umbilicali angusto.—Spire produced, whorls spotted and shelving above, beeoming wider and clearer towards the lower part. 35. PELLIS-TIGRINA, f. 83, Chemmnitz.—Anguste globosa fulva, punctis magnis purpureis ornata ; spira elevata, anfracti- bus superne ad suturam depressis, tum tumidis infra contractis umbilico latiusculo, varice spirali umbilicali angusto.—Much like V. Adansoni in form, but not so narrow. It is painted with large round purplish spots; the spiral umbilical varix is narrow. 36. MAHEENSIS, f. 40, Reclwz.—Globosa, alba, interruptim castaneo bifasciata; ultimo anfractu ad suturam infraque leviter plicato ; umbilico brevi rotundo, callo spirali rotundo ad terminum deflecto.—The two chestnut bands are neatly interrupted in lines, and the umbilical callus is placed at the lower part of the cavity. 37. Guattertana, f. 152, Petit.—Oblique subovata an- gusta tenuis, linearum rubrarum fasciis tribus ornata; spira 82 NATICA. elevata ; umbilico angusto, callo umbilicali fere tecto.—The three bands of linear markings call V. maheensis to mind, although the form is very different, and the narrow umbilicus nearly filled with the columellar callus. 38. MAROCHIENSIS, f. 62, 108, 109, 151, Gmelin.—Globosa solida griseo-alba, medio anfractis ultimi late unifasciato ; eetate juniori variat pallida, punctis sagittiformibus vel arcuatis seriatim depositis, anfractibus prope suturam obscure crenulatis— From the large plain-banded shell named uni- fasciatus by Lamarck the changes are gradual towards the lighter grey banded varieties with arrow-headed or curved spots. The smaller varieties are slightly crenulated at the suture, and have a slightly more pyramidal form. 39. catEenaTA, f. 106, 107, Philippi.—Quam N. maro- chiensis magis superne pyramidata, spira exserta anfractibus declivibus, callo spirali in umbilicum deorso.—More narrow and pointed than the above-named, with the spiral callus laid lower down in the umbilicus. The markings on the grey bands are generally bright and lively. 40. Locetius, f. 155, Philippt.—Globosa, medio anfrac- tuum late griseo fasciata, fascia maculis angulatis marginata ; umbilico parvo, callo spirali fere obtecto; apice acuto, anfractibus convexis.—Not having seen this shell since 1855, I cannot be quite sure about the spiral callus. 41. rantHostoma, f. 52, Deshayes.—Globosa, fulva, ob- scure griseo fasciata ; spira subproducta, antractibus superne depressis, tum subangulatis; umbilico angusto callo spirali magno, columella ad umbilicum callosa. Apertura intus purpurascenti.—A greyish-brown shell resembling V. mont- lifera, but having the umbilicus and callus of the present section. 42. raputum, f. 61, Reeve.—Globosa, albida; spira sub- pyramidata anfractibus subdeclivibus; umbilico parvo, callo spirali rotundo, brevi.—The umbilicus in this nearly white species is small, and the spiral callus nearly fills it. 43. virrata, f. 115, 116, Lamarck.—Quam JN. collaria magis depressa maculis medio rariusculis supra infraque fasciatim dispositis, callo umbilicali parvo, mediano.—Re- sembling NV. collarza, but more depressly globose, with the NATICA. ; 83 markings more scattered. The spiral callus is very narrow, and placed higher up in the umbilicus. 44, norata, f. 168, Sowerby.—Parva, solida fere alba, ovato-subglobosa, lineis tribus castaneis tenuibus cincta, strigillis flexuosis supra infraque longitudinaliter notatis, spira brevi, anfractibus convexis ad suturam plicatis; columella recta, angusta, ad umbilicum inconspicue lobata, callo spirali mediano, subdepresso.— Very neatly ornamented with linear spirals and cross flexuous markings. 45. Ditwyntana, f. 166, Reclwz ?—Obliqua, subcompressa, ad suturam inconspicue plicata fulva, albo fasciata, fasciis maculis castaneis articulatis; callo spirali crasso, columella ad umbilicum lobata.—More oblique and compressed in front than V. Traillii ; in these respects differing from NV. canrena, of which the specimens might be taken for miniatures. 46. unrmacunata, f. 105, Reeve.-—Ovato-acuminata, fumoso- fusca ; spira producta acuta, anfractibus declivibus, umbilico angustiusculo, eallo spirali valido, columella flexuosa, superne late callosa, medio lobata; lobo castaneo unimaculato.— With a bright spot of colour on the columellar pad of the spiral callus. 47. Cumineiana, f. 31, Reclwz.—Globoso-subpyramidata, latissime castaneo fasciata; spira subacuminata, anfractibus declivibus; apertura semilunari, castaneo marginata, co- lumella medio lobata, umbilico medio reflexo, lobato, intus subplanato.—A beautiful chestnut-banded species, with a lobe on the columella, but no spiral callus in the umbilicus. 48. Powrstana, f. 32, Recluz.—Globosa, N. Cumingiane simillima sed brevior; umbilico latissimo, callo spirali tu- midissimo.—This species and the preceding are so much alike, that the difference, which chiefly consists in the pro- minent spiral callus of the former, is hardly at first perceived. 49. curinensis, f. 9, Lamarck.—Oblique subovata, pallida, maculis quadratis triseriatim dispositis picta, spira brevi, acuta, antractibus rapide expansis, ad suturam depressis, pli- catis; apertura umbilico calloque spirali maximis; fauce purpurea.—Distinguished by the rapid increase of the whorls, the largeness of the aperture, the umbilicus and its callus, and the rows of square bright spots. 84 NATICA. 50. prota, f. 120, Recluz.—N. zelandice similis; sed maculis sagittatis minoribus; labio interno supra calloso infra acute diviso; apertura intus purpurea.—There is a sharp notch between the upper callus and the umbilical lobe, which hides much of the cavity. The marks are small and arrow-headed. 51. ruriasris, f. 127, Reeve-—Globosa pallida cinereo fasciata, castaneo obscure variegata; spira breviuscula, an- fractibus convexis, callo umbilicali tumido, rubro, umbilicum fere tegentiicA globose shell, with red columellar callus nearly filling the umbilicus. 52. rrisrrtaTa, f. 138, Say.—Globosa, sordide livida, obscure trifasciata, spira paulo elevata, anfractibus convexi- usculis; columella alba, subeequaliter tumida, umbilicum parvum partim tegenti; apertura pyriformi, interne vivide castaneo trifasciata.—Of a dull livid colour, generally show- ing its three chestnut bands most brightly in the mouth. 53. Forrunet, f. 153, Reeve-—Subglobosa alta livida; tenuis; spira elevata, anfractibus rotundis, umbilico angusto, eallo spirali fere umbilicum implenti; columella infra arcuata. —The very narrow umbilicus is nearly filled by the small spiral callus seen behind the columella. 54. apertA, (no fig.) Sowerby.—Globosa tenuis, superne livida, infra livide fulva; spira brevi, anfractibus albo-mar- ginatis, ultimo inflato, apertura intus castanea, superne sub- depressa, infra expansa; columella superne tenui, infra um- bilicum anguste callosa, cum callo spirali parvo umbilicali confluenti; umbilico angustissimo superne angulato.— The peculiarity of this species was not observed till it became too late to give a figure. The umbilicus is extremely narrow, ending in a notch above; and in it is a small spiral callus, which is obliquely confluent with the lower part of the thickened columella. 55. intricata, f. 114 (var. prowima, f. 111), Donovan.— - Subovato-globosa livida, fasciis pallidis castaneo minute varie- gatis picta; umbilico lato, castaneo, callis columellaribus duobus spiralibus tenuibus, columella tenui, bilobata.—In general characters resembling N. Alderi, but with a broad umbilicus, in which are two narrow spiral calli. NATICA. 85 56. roraTA, f. 96, Reeve.—Globosa fulva punctata, fasciis albis castaneo articulatis, et maculis maximis paucis ad suturam picta; spira brevi, anfractibus rotundis, umbilico castaneo maximo, callo diviso tenui spiraliter costato ; colu- mella superne crassa lata, infra attenuata.—Differing from NV. intricata in the roundness of the whorls, the spire of the latter being more obliquely conical. 57. zELANDICA, f. 119, Quwoy.—Globoso-subpyramidata, superne fulva, maculis castaneis arcuatis quinqueseriatim dispositis, spira subacuminata, anfractibus declivibus, aper- tura obliqua, intus castaneo suffusa, umbilico mediocri, colu- mella lobata, callo umbilicali crasso.—The chestnut spots on the white lines are curved. 58. MAMILLA, f. 28, 29, 30, Linnceus.—Alba, nitens, solida, pyramidata; spira elevata, anfractibus apicalibus brevibus, ultimo magno declivi; apertura semilunari, labio externo superne elevato, labio columellari expanso, callo infra lobato umbilicum tegentii—A polished white shell, with a very broadly callous inner lip, the lower part of which forms a lobe nearly or entirely covering the umbilicus. NV. albula (f. 30), Recluz, V. pyriformis (f. 28), Recluz, and N. inter- media, Recluz, can only be regarded as more or less widened or pyramidal varieties. 59. canpipissima, f. 26, Le Guillow.—Alba, ponderosa, globoso-subtrigona; spira brevissima, depresso-conica, tum tumida, infra expansa, callo umbilicali superne lato tumi- dissimo, columella rotunda, callo spirali umbilicum implenti. —White, thick, the last whorl increasing largely in breadth, and the narrow umbilicus partly filled with a rounded spiral callus. 60. aurantia, f. 15, 16, ZLamarck.—Solida, subpyra- midata, V. samille similis, sed vivide aurantia sed flavida. —The orange colour in one variety and the lemon in another contrast beautifully with the brilliant white of the columellar callosity, but hardly seem to justify the separation of this from V. mamilla, except as a matter of convenience. 61. prrposa, f. 43, Reeve. — Depresso-globosa, crassa, vivide aurantia; spira brevissima, anfractibus depressis tum tumidis, umbilico maximo, partim obtecto, columella latissime callosa, callo ad umbilicum rotundo; apertura anguste elon- ’ x 86 NATICA. gata, superne ad suturam depressa.—Resembling NV. awrantia in colour, but broad and depressed, and with the umbilicus so wide that the umbilical callus, although extremely wide and tumid, only covers two-thirds of it. 62. pupra, f. 56, Recluz.—Globosa stramineo-alba crassa ; spira parva, ad suturam tumida, anfractu ultimo infra marginato, columella latissime callosa umbilicum tegenti.— More globose than any of the mamilla group, with a broad columellar callus partly covering the umbilicus, but not its thickened broad border. 63. PanamEnsis, f. 18, Recluz.—Alba, globoso-subpyra- midata, V. candidissime similis, sed magis elevata, superne angustior, umbilico latiori, callo spirali inconspicuo.—- Like N. candidissima in form, but more elevated and straight- sided towards the spine; the umbilicus open, with a very depressed spiral callus. 64. Vavaost, f. 122, Le Guillou.—Alba pyramidata, N. mamille similis, sed umbilico semiobtecto, callo columel- lari ad umbilicum oblique contracto.—An extraneous deposit sometimes appears on the upper whorls, which is not to be mistaken for natural colour. The shell is of the mamilla group, but the front callus is contracted obliquely towards the columella at the umbilicus so as to cover only half of it. 65. pyramis, f. 35, Reeve.—Alba pyramidata, spira elevata, anfractibus declivibus, umbilico parvo, callo columellari ad ultimum anfractum crasso; apertura subtrigona.—The colu- mellar callus leaves the greater part of the small umbilicus open. 66. Fiemrinerana, f. 99, Recluz.—Alba, nitens, crassa, oblique pyramidata ; spira elevata, anfractibus convexiusculis ; apertura brevi, superne oblique depressa, columella ad an- fractum ultimum late callosa, ad umbilicum leviter lobata, infra oblique contracta, umbilico mediocri, semiobtecto. As in NV. Vavaosi the umbilicus is only partly covered by the slight oblique lobe of the columellar callus. 67. MamiLuaris, f. 68, Lamarck.—Pyramidata, fumoso- fusca; spira elevata, anfractibus declivibus; umbilico elongato, columella ad umbilicum lobata, callo spirali lato.—A thick pyramidal shell with a prominent spiral callus. NATICA. 87 68. uBR, f. 51, Valenciennes.—Alba, subpyramidata; spira acuminata, anfractibus declivibus; umbilico parvo, callo spirali angusto, columella ad anfractum expansa, callosa.—In this whitish pyramidal species the spiral callus is rather small, and lies close behind the columellar lobe. 69. PHYTELEPAS, f. 58, Reeve.—Globosa, subviride fulva; spira brevi, anfractibus subdeclivibus ; umbilico parvo, callo columellari brevi, columella superne expansa, callosa.— Globose, with short umbilicus partly filled up. 70. MELASTOMA, f. 100, Swainson.—Globoso-subpyramidata, cinerea, spira pyramidata, anfractibus convexo-declivibus, versus suturam lividis, apertura intus purpurea, nigricanti, subtrigona, columella late callosa, sanguinea, umbilicum tegenti.—Shaped like the mamulla group, of a livid colour, with a blackish-purple mouth, and the columellar callus spread over a somewhat narrower umbilicus. 71. perspicua, 70, Reclwz.—Violaceo-alba, obscure fasciata, subpyramidata, spira elevata, anfractibus declivibus; um- bilico lato elevato castaneo; columella flexuosa, lobata, callo spirali depresso.—A pyramidal species of a delicate lilac- white colour, excepting at the umbilicus, which, with the columella, is deep chestnut. 72. mrrusa, f. 82, Swainson.—aAlba, semipellucida, ovato- pyramidata, spira elevata, acuminata, anfractibus declivibus, ad suturam fascia opaca flavida cincta ; umbilico lato, elevato, callo spirali depresso, lato; apertura lata, infra effusa, colu- mella superne ad anfractum expansa, callosa, medio in lobum elongatum expansa.—Resembling WV. perspicua in form, but semipellucid white, with opaque band at the suture. 73. InTEMERATA, f. 44, Philippi.—Quam WM. effusa brevior, umbilico lato, brevi, columella ad umbilicum magis valide lobata.—Shorter, more globose and tumid than J. effusa. 74, pLuMBEA, f. 69, Lamarck.—Pyramidata, livida; spira ele- vata acuminata, anfractibus ad suturam subcanaliculatis tum declivibus; apertura brevi, columella ad ultimum anfractum callosa, ad umbilicum anguste lobata, umbilico angusto.— Lead-coloured and very pyramidal, with narrow umbilicus, and columellar callus with a small lobe reflected over it. 75. Srraneet, f. 80, Reeve.—Globoso-subpyramidata, cine- rea, sutura aureo marginata; spira subacuminata, anfractibus 88 NATICA. vix convexis; umbilico lato, subsulcato, labio interno superne incrassato, infra vix lobato; apertura purpurea, aureo mar- ginata, pyriformi.—In form a little more pyramidal than the British WV. sordida, of a dark ashy colour, with the mouth dark purple and gold-edged, and the suture and columella edged with gold. 76. LEvcopHmA, f. 60, Reeve.—Oblique globosa, fusco- plumbea, spira breviuscula, anfractu ultimo infra inflato ; apertura magna, infra expansa, labio columellari albo, superne expanso calloso ad umbilicum semirotunde lobato, margine aurantio, umbilico magno.—Of a dull leaden-brown colour, with a columellar lip, which is broad and callous on and below the body-whorl, and lobed at the umbilicus. It is white, with an orange-red margin. 77. sotipa, f. 81, Blainville.—Crassa rotunda castanea spira depressa, pyramidata; apertura castaneo marginata intus cinerea, callo umbilicali subtrigono, latissimo, castaneo nigricanti umbilicum tegenti.—A round, depressed, chestnut- coloured species, with a very dark, broad, three-cornered umbilical callus, covering a wide umbilicus. 78. contca, f. 25, Lamarck.—Pyriformis pallide fulva griseo late fasciata; spira elevata, anfractibus declivibus, ad suturam albo fasciatis, columella superne expansa et tumida, aurantio-nigrescenti, ad umbilicum leviter lobata, umbilico parvo, callo spirali angustissimo.—The most pyramidal of all the species, differing from the mamilla group in having a spiral callus, although a small one. 79. ustuLtata, f. 112, Sowerby.—Alba, pyramidata, poli- tissima, spira elevata, anfractibus convexiusculis, umbilico brevi castaneo, apertura brevi, labio interno superne ad anfractum expanso, medio tumide lobato, macula magna ovata picto.—Resembling N. conica, but shorter, with the whorls more convex. No visible spiral callus, but a columellar pad over the narrow umbilicus, with a large brown spot upon it. 80. Juxustt, f. 55, Reeve.—Alba nitens, subquadratim glo- bosa; spira brevissima, anfractibus superne depressis, tum tumidis; umbilico magno, callo columellari ad ultimum an- fractum lato, crasso, infra versus columellam oblique lobato et contracto.—The whorls are somewhat tumid above and below, and the large umbilicus is two-thirds uncovered. NATICA. 89 81. ravipa, f. 53, Souleyet.—Globosa lutea; spira brevi, subpyramidata ; apertura semilunari, labio interno latissime expanso et calloso dimidiatim umbilicum tegenti.—A round, onion-shaped shell, with small though pyramidal spire. The wide callus is almost truncated diagonally across the upper part of the umbilicus, 82. porcELLANA, f. 126, D’Orbigny.—Ovato-pyramidata, pallide grisea, ad suturam et infra albo fasciata; columella conspicue et late callosa, lobo umbilicum angustum partim tegenti—The main part of this shell is pellucid grey, but at the suture and on the lowest part of the last whorl there are opaque white bands. 83. cariBBmA, f. 165, Philippi.—Ovato-oblonga grisea, ad suturam albifasciata; spira conica, producta; apertura pyriformi, columella callosa simplici, umbilico angusto.— Smaller in size, but of similar form to V. Gallapagosa ; of a violet-grey colour, with sutural white band ; columellar callus spread narrowly over body-whorl, and covering very little of the narrow umbilicus. 84. gaLLapaGcosa, f. 95, Recluz.—Ovato-oblonga grisea castaneo tincta; spira brevi conica, anfractibus ad suturam unifasciatis, valde declivibus; umbilico elongato; apertura castanea elongata, columella alba, callo umbilicali albo an- gusto.—Of the same texture and colour as in the didyma and olla groups, but narrow and pointed, with a nearly upright, narrow umbilical callus. 85. Frusca, f. 104, Carpenter.—A larger shell than the preceding, with a less defined band at the suture. 86. vIOLACEA, f. 11, Sowerby. — Globoso-subpyramidata, solida, pallida, maculis subquadratis castaneis quinquefariam tessellata ; ultimo anfractu supra aperturam subangustato ele- vato ; columella ad umbilicum late callosa purpurea, umbilico angusto, fere clauso.—The five rows of spots are more or less square, so as to have a tessellated appearance. The colu- mellar callus is long and thick, and coloured with purple. 87. semisuLcata, f. 59, Gray.—Parva alba oblique sub- quadrata ; spira brevi, anfractibus ad suturam tumidis, tum spiraliter tenuisulcatis; apertura subtrigona, columella sub- tortua, medio lobata, umbilico latiusculo.—An open-mouthed 90 NATICA. white species, with a slightly tumid ridge at the suture, beneath which it is slightly grooved. 88. cora, f. 136, D’Orbigny.—F lavida pyramidata solida ; spira exserta, ultimo anfractu versus suturam tumido medio vix contracto, infra latiusculo; apertura breviuscula, um- bilico angusto, labio interno ad anfractum ultimum et ad columellam tumido.—Pyramidal, swollen at the suture, then contracted and swollen again below; umbilicus narrow, colu- mella swollen on the body-whorl and behind the columella nearly down to the lower end. 89. GLABELLA, f. 159, Reeve.—Parva livida pyramidata ; spira elevata, acuta, anfractibus declivibus, ad suturam albo marginatis; apertura parva pyramidata, margine crasso, umbilico parvo, columella ad umbilicum et supra callosa, fusca.—A curious little pyramidal species of a grey colour, with a white margin at the suture of the whorls. 90. Francisca, f. 162, Recluz.—w. glabelle similis, haud tantum pyramidata, supra infraque alba, castaneo virgata marginata. . 91. Raynavprana, f. 88, Reclwz.—Globoso-subpyramidata, fulva, maculis flammisque castaneis fasciatim variegata ; spira paulo elevata, anfractibus declivibus labio externo crassius- culo, callo columnari dimidiatim umbilicum tegenti.—A solid shell, characteristically marked with rather red chestnut spots and flames, partly interrupted by whitish bands. Some specimens are much more globose than the one figured. 92. sacrarana, f. 117, D’Orbigny.—Globoso-subpyramidata subcinerea, dense strigillis zebraeformibus lineata; spira brevi, conica, labio late calloso, subpurpureo umbilicum tegenti.— A pretty little shell closely zebra-marked. The umbilicus is covered by a dark columellar pad. 93. nitipA, f. 118, Donovan.—According to Reeve, a shell quite distinct from the following ; but its identification with Donovan’s NV. nitida is doubtful.—Seas of Europe. 94, Auperi, f. 113, Forbes.— Solidiuscula, NV. nitidee forma similis, grisea fusco obscure et irregulariter variegata ; spira haud tantum elevata, umbilico castaneo, magis operto, columella lata, crassa, apertura brevii—Mr. Hanley figured this shell as. the NV. glawcina of Linnzus, in which he was NATIOA. 9) probably correct; but this being a matter of uncertainty, it is perhaps best to allow Lamarck’s generally adopted identifica- tion to stand. Donovan’s VV. nitida seems to be the Medi- terranean shell (our fig. 118); and the present species was renamed because it did not appear to be rightly identified with Donovan’s shell. 95. macitentTa, f. 154, Philippi.—Pyramidata, maculis sagittatis. inter fascias fuscas variegata, umbilico angusto, callo columellari fusco, infra oblique attenuato; apertura castanea. 96. samarcENsIS, f. 110, C. B. Ad.—Oblique subovata, livida, flammis undulatis ornata, callo columellari lato rotundo castaneo-purpureo, umbilicum latum tegenti.—A more globose form would have been more characteristic of this species, which is remarkable for the round, broad, chestnut-coloured pad covering a broad umbilicus. 97. pistrorMIs, f. 163, Reclwz.—Parva alba oblique sub- globosa; umbilico parvo, columella ad umbilicum lobata.a—A little white shell without distinctive characters. 98. venustuLA,f. 146, Recluz.—Gracilis ovata pallida, lineis castaneis maculisque picta, spira elevata, anfractibus convexis ; apertura brevi, labio columellari lato, expanso, umbilicum tegenti.—A pale buff little shell, with the last whorl swollen and raised above the aperture, and the columella broadly swollen so as to cover the umbilicus. 99. nocuLa, f. 145, Reeve.—Parva sordida, subquadratim globosa, columella callosa, medio lobata, umbilicum tegenti. —The umbilicus is covered by the columellar rounded pad in this little dull brown shell. 100. anBreviaTa, f. 157, 158, Sowerby.—Parva, livida, obscure bifasciatim maculata ; spira brevi, anfractibus apicali- bus parvis rotundis; ultimo subcylindraceo, ad suturam leviter plicato, albo fasciato, apertura castanea, superne canali- culata, labio externo superne depresso, tenui, labio interno superne calloso, lobato, umbilicum tegenti.—This species has a resemblance to several species of livid colour, but is short and rather cylindrical, and has a closed operculum. 101. Antonu, f. 128, Philippi.—Ovato-pyramidata livida, triseriatim maculata, apertura semicirculari castanea; labio 92 NATIOA. columellari umbilicum tegenti.—Rather narrow and pyra- midal; livid, with brown markings, with a narrow umbilicus, partly covered by the white columellar callus, as it narrows obliquely towards the lower part. 102. graciuis, f. 156, Sowerby.—Pallida, quam JV. ja- maicensis magis oblique pyramidata, ad suturam leviter plicata lobo castaneo columellari umbilicum dimidiatim tegenti; spira elevata, anfractibus convexo-declivibus, aper- tura breviusculax—Oblique, with a chestnut-coloured pad half covering the epidermis. 103. pattipa, f. 137, Broderip.—Alba, ovato-subpyra- midata; spira elevata, ultimo anfractu supra aperturam convexo; apertura subpyriformi, callo columellari ad um- bilicum tumide lobato ; umbilico angusto, partim obtecto.— The last whorl is elevated and swollen above the aperture, and the callus more than half covers the narrow umbilicus. 104. surrusa, f. 129, 130, Reeve.—Oblique cylindracea, purpureo suffusa, tenuis, angusta; spira subproducta, apertura pyriformi, columella alba, tumida.—Obliquely cylindrical, rather thin, suffused with a purple tint, no umbilicus. 105. purrtiis, f. 132, Gould.—Parva pyramidata alba; umbilico parvo, per callum fere obtecto.—There is very little appreciable character about this dull white pyramidal shell; it has a little half-round pad on the coiumella nearly covering the narrow umbilicus. 106. mmacunatTa, f. 147, Totten.—Parva sordida sub- cylindracea; spira acuminata, umbilico angusto; apertura superne callosa.—Rather cylindrical, with no particular colour, no markings, and a narrow umbilicus. 107. mozaica, f. 133, 134, Sowerby.—Ovata, alba maculis magnis castaneis quadratis quadrifariam tessellata, prope suturam maculis paucis, elongatis; spira brevissima; anfractu ultimo ad suturam tumido, infra medium subveutricoso ; apertura semicirculari, labio columellari superne calloso, lobo rotundo umbilicum tegenti. 108. pavimENTUM, f. 97, Reeve.—Parva globoso-subcylin- dracea alba nitens, czeruleo fasciata, maculis castaneis tes- sellata, umbilico tecto.—On the main whorl there are a central and a lower blue band with small tessellated spots in NATICA. 93 the middle On the broad white bands above and below are larger and more distant spots. 109. rutminEA, f. 85, 86, 87, Gmelin. —Globosa, pallide fulva, angulatim fule ur ata, nonnunquam punetata; spira brevi, anfractibus superne subdepressis, umbilico magno, sub- marginato, aperto, callo columellari superne incrassato.— This lightning-marked shell is susceptible of much variation. 110. FLortpa, f. 90, Reeve.-—Globosa, pallide fulva, pur- pureo suffusa et fasciata, castaneo punctata; spira depressa umbilico lato, castaneo, callo spirali angusto, mediano; columella tenui, labio interno superne calloso.—Not remote from NV, maculata, but more delicate in structure and colouring. The spiral callus is very thin, and the umbilicus coloured with chestnut. 111. Trncrurata, f. 89, Reeve.—Globosa solida pallide fulva punctata, maculis obliquis pallide aurantiis et fasciis fuscis picta, spira brevi, anfractibus prope suturam depressis, um- _ bilico aperto.—A globose species, prettily painted with dots, - orange blotches, and bands. 112. ruBRo-macuLaTa, f. 124, Smith, B. M.—Globoso- subdepressa; supra infraque seriatim maculata, maculis magnis rubris per lineas flexuosas junctis; spira brevi conica, anfractibus ad suturam paulo elevatis, tum depressis, medio subquadratis ; apertura superne depressa, lata, ad marginem maculata, margine tenui; umbilico angusto, labio columel- lari angusto, ad umbilicum lobato. 113. srrascrata, f. 45, Gray.—Ovata fulva medio an- fractuum distanter albo fasciata; spira pyramidata, acu- minata, anfractibus declivibus; apertura semilunata, labio externo fulvo marginata, umbilico angustissimo, columella late callosa castaneo-nigrescenti, ad umbilicum lobata.—Inter- rupting the delicate dove colour of the body-whorl are two narrow white bands in the centre, one at the suture and one at the lower margin. 114, vireuus, f. 41, Lamarck.—Oblique subovato-globosa crassa aurantia, maculis magnis albis biseriatim dispositis cincta ; spira brevissima, anfractibus prope suturam depressis, plicatis; apertura alba, labio interno late expanso, calloso umbilicum partim tegentii—The well-known globular shell Y 94 NATICA. with two spiral bands of white spots cut out, as it were, in the orange ground colour. 115. guososa, f. 47, Chemnitz.—Globoso-subovata albida castaneo-grisescenti trifasciata, intervallis pallide castaneis, anfractibus superne declivibus, infra albis; apertura semi- circulari, intus obscure fasciatis; umbilico lato, margine tumido; columella subarcuata, labio interno ad anfractum ultimum late reflexo.—Almost ovate in form, delicately coloured, in purplish-grey bands fused into unity by a per- vading chestnut. Umbilicus wide open, columellar lip thick, reflected, and callous at the upper part. 116. Forsxa.u, f. 39, Chemnitz.—Globosa albida tenuis, fasciis tribus purpureo-castaneis interruptis cincta; spira brevi, acuminata, anfractibus versus suturam depressis, leviter plicatis ; apertura magna, umbilico subplanato superne calloso, medio vix lobato.—The purplish broad bands are prettily interrupted and divided. 117. SEPTENTRIONALIS, f. 67, Beck.—Globosa, tenuius- cula, superne obscure castanea; spira breviuscula, anfractibus superne depressis, ultimo subtus albido, spiraliter bilirato ; umbilico per eallum columellarem partim celato ; labio in- terno prope suturam calloso.—Rather more globose than N. monilifera, of a dull chestnut colour down to the lower part, where the colour is intercepted with a white band. 118. genvana, f. 139, Reeve.—Globosa fulva, fasciis pal- lidioribus quaternis castaneo maculatis, interstitiis latioribus rubro punctatis picta; spira brevi anfractibus convexis ad suturam crenatis; apertura ovata, subdepressa, labio interno superne calloso, medio latissime lobato, umbilicum tegenti.— Coloured by light narrow bands with large spots, and broad darker bands with minute dots. Umbilicus covered with a callous pad extending widely from the columella. 119. Gaara, f. 49, Recluz.—Alhba, oblique globosa ; spira brevissima, anfractibus ad suturam plicatis, ultimo infra spiraliter bimarginato; umbilico angusto; columella ad ultimum anfractum late callosa, ad umbilicum unilobata.— Rounded, white, with wrinkles at the suture and a kind of double edge at the bottom of the last whorl. The narrow umbilicus is partly covered by a lobe on the columellar callus NATICA. 95 120. mmperrorata, f. 93, Sowerby.—Globosa crassa punc- .ata et maculata; spira brevi, anfractibus superne depressis, ad umbilicum spiraliter valide marginatis, callo columellari crasso umbilicum tegenti; labio externo incrassato.—Although resembling V. fulminea in colour and markings, this species differs in the umbilical region being much thickened and the umbilicus itself covered. 121. BuRIASENSIS, f. 131, Recluz.—Parva subcylindrica pallida, lineis rubescentibus strigata; umbilico angusto, labio columellari medio et supra medium tumido.—Owing to the moving of the zoological collections, the editor was unable to get more than an imperfect sketch of this species, which is shorter and more cylindrical than represented. 122. Tram, f. 164, Reeve. —Globoso-subpyramidata, pallide fulva, tenuiter lineis rubescentibus, infra medium maculis castaneis fasciatim picta; spira breviusecula, an- fractibus declivibus, apertura semicirculari, labio columellari tumido, rectiusculo, ad umbilicum rotunde lobato, lobo pur- pureo; umbilico clauso.— With several bands of reddish lines, and below them a row of conspicuous spots. 123. VARIABILIS, f. 135, Reclwz.—Globosa, superne usque ad medium grisea, rubro minute undulatim lineata, infra albida, maculis rubris unifasciata; labio columellari anguste tumido, fusco rubescenti, ad umbilicum lobato; umbilico angusto.—The writer cannot well identify this species or its varieties, but believes it to be a smaller shell than the figure copied. 124. proxma, f. 111, C. B. Ad.—Globosa, grisea fulvo fasciata fasciis albis castaneo maculatis tribus et punctis intermediis minutis picta; spira brevi, obtusa, umbilico per lobum columellarem partim obtecto.—A pretty little shell, ornamented with chestnut-spotted white bands and minute dots below. 124*, asettus, f. 161, Aeeve.— Parva globosa albida, fasciis castaneis duabus spiraliter ornata, inter fascias sa- gittatim notata; labio columellari lato calloso, infra semi- rotundo, umbilicum tegenti.—lV. notata, similar in form, and somewhat so in markings, belongs to a different set, having an open umbilicus, and showing a little of the spiral 96 ‘ NATICA. callus. The two purplish-chestnut bands are remarkably characteristic of this species. 125. ciausa, f. 48, Broderip and Sowerby.—Alba globosa, spira paulo exserta, anfractibus ad suturam depressis tum rectiusculis; umbilico brevi, rotundo, columella infra an- fractum ultimum in lobum rotundum expansa.—A rounded white shell with short spire and shouldered whorls, and short round umbilicus, over the upper part of which the columella is expanded into a rounded pad. 126. TEXTILIS (no figure), Reeve.—Globosa, tenuis, superne ceerulea, medio et infra subviride fulva, maculis magnis fuscis triseriatim picta; umbilico magno, callo spirali mediano, angusto, columella lobata, ultimo anfractu subdepresso, operculo testaceo.—A characteristic shell unfortunately omitted in the plates. It is thin, globose, and of a dull greenish-bay colour, with three bands formed of angular broad brown patches. Although thin, it has a shelly oper- culum and a spiral umbilical callus. 127, carmna, f. 50, Philippi. — Globoso-subacuminata tenuiuscula fulva, ad suturam fusco maculata; spira pro- ducta, anfractibus subrotundis; umbilico latiusculo; colu- mella callosa, ad umbilicum paulo expansa, simplici.—This globose, fawn-coloured shell is familiar to British collectors, and is distinguished by its shouldered whorls and the row of reddish spots near the suture ; the columella is simple, widen- ing upwards over part of the rather wide umbilicus. 128. sorpipa, f. 98, Philippi.—N. catenw similis, sed sordide fusca immaculata, angustior, magis acuminata, an- fractibus magis declivibus, apertura angustiori, labio interno magis calloso.—The colour has a dull uniformity, and the whorls of the spire a gradual slope, which are not found in NV. catena. 129. Granianpica, f. 140, Beck. — Albida, globosa, crassa; spira parviuscula; umbilico angustissimo; columella crassa, rotunda.—Solid, whitish, rounded ; spire short, obtuse, with scarcely shouldered whorls ; umbilicus very small, some- times covered by columellar callus. 130. Montacutt, f. 141, Forbes. —Globosa parva fulva, spira subproducta; umbilico lato; columella crassiuscula ad NATICA. 97 umbilicum tumida; tenuiter unilobata.—Fawn-coloured, with a more produced spire than NV. monilifera; a rather large umbilicus. The columella is rounded and thick, formed into a slight lobe over the upper part of the umbilicus. 131. mELANostomA, f. 72, Lamarck.—Ovata pallida, maculis castaneis trifasciata; spira brevi, anfractibus superne declivi- bus tum expansis ; apertura magna, subpyramidata, umbilico angusto partim obtecto; castaneo-nigrescenti, columella late reflexa callosa nigra.—One of the sigaretus-like species, with wide and high aperture and short spire. It has a black callous columella, broad over the narrow umbilicus. 132. zANzEBARICA, f. 73, Recluz.—Quam N. melanostoma latior, spira brevissima, apertura maxima, ultimo anfractu angusto, sparsim castaneo maculato.—Broader and more open- mouthed than VV. melanostoma, with narrow body-whorl. 133. MELANOSTOMOIDES, f. 78, Quoy.— Parva, quam WN. zanzebarica tenuior, magis acuta, et obliqua, umbilico et columella augustissimis.—More thin and succinea-like than the other species of the group, with-a very narrow umbilicus and thin oblique columella. 134, smura, f. 71, Chemnitz. zanzebarice similis, sed magis regulariter ovata, fasciis griseis undulatim castaneo eleganter strigatis et maculatis, columella nigrescenti-castanea ad ultimum anfractum magis expansa.—Like N. zanzebarica in form, but more regularly oval, very smooth, with bands of grey purple, on which chestnut spots and zigzag markings are ornamentally arranged. 135. SeBa, f. 79, Souleyet.—Subpyramidata, pallida, tenuis, infra inflata, spira producta, anfractibus subinflatis, ultimo late inflato; apertura magna, infra subquadrata; columella rectiuscula, purpurea, umbilico angusto.—More inflated than others of the same group; pale, with bands obscured by a dull grey epidermis. 136. macrorrEMis, f. 148, Adams and Reeve.—Alba levis oblique ovata, umbilico maximo, apertura angusta, alta, columella rectiuscula vix lobata.—A white shell approximating to the above group, but very oblique, with narrow elevated aperture and very wide umbilicus. 98 _ NATICA.. 137. Fitosa, f. 74, Sowerby, MS. Mus. Cum.—Fulva, late fusco fasciata, spiraliter tenuiter filoso-striata ; spira producta, apertura lata, infra subquadrata; columella rectiuscula nigre- scenti, subtortuosa, umbilico angustissimo.—Of all the wide- mouthed species of this group JV. filosa most nearly resembles NV. succineoides, being narrow, with produced pointed spire, with an outer lip rather square at the bottom; but the threaded sculpture distinguishes it. 138. succineorpEs, f. 76, Reeve.-—Parva, oblique trigona, quam NV. melanostoma magis oblique trigona, immaculata, umbilico angustissimo, columella obliqua, angusta, castaneo- nigrescenti.—More oblique than the preceding, without spots, and with the dark chestnut columella and umbilicus both narrower. 139. umpriicata, f. 77, D’Orbigny.—Ampla tenuis oblique ~ ovata ; fulva, flammis castaneis undulatis trifasciatim ornata ; apertura lata, columella tenui, obliqua, umbilico latissimo ; spira brevi.—A small shell presenting an extreme form of the open-mouthed species. It is ornamentally striped in three bands with chestnut marks. The columella is oblique and thin, and the umbilicus very wide. 140. macrostoma, f. 75, Philippi.i—Quam N. Sebe longe magis inflata, tenuis, subrotunda; apertura maxima lata, infra rotunda.—Similar to VV. Seb, but more globose and inflated. 141. Primus, f. 23, Recluz—Quam NV. maura magis obliqua, medio anfractuum biseriatim punctata, ultimo an- fractu supra umbilicum breviusculo, umbilico angusto elevato. —Differing from V. maura in being more oblique, spotted in two rows, with the body-whorl much shorter in front and the umbilicus narrower and partly covered with a flattened lobe. 142. maura, f. 36, Bruguiére.—Ovata castanea levis ; spira brevi, pyramidata; apertura maxima, subpyriformi labio externo nigricanti, columella recta, nigricanti ad anfractum ultimum expansa.—Shaped like others of the group, but more evenly oval, with chestnut colour and nearly black colu- mella. NATICA. 99 143. FLuctuata, f. 17, Sowerby.~—Oblique globosa, griseo- fulva, tenuis, flammis fulvis fluctuatis, albo marginatis ornata; apertura maxima, oblique expansa; labio externo tenui superne depresso; columella nivea callosa, latiuscula, ad marginem dense castanea. 144, neLicomwsEs, f. 12, Johnson.—Tenuis alba ovata, vix umbilicata, epidermide tenui induta; spira plus minusve producta anfractibus ad suturam plano-excavatis, apertura subpyriformi, columella angusta.—Rather oval, with elevated spire, the whorls of which are slightly excavated near the suture; columella simple, turned back so as to hide, or nearly hide, the linear umbilicus. Cornea of Moller is said to be wider and more inflated than the typical form, but the species is extremely variable. i | ed t o - - ; . . , ns ° a 4 i , ~ > ‘ fh _ > pe z i _* 2 i Pe é A : A 5 paiias » é « s @ a . ‘ : : 7 , : (A ae sll i ee aren iG e at P . r i » LU + CaP -_4 -\ i ov 101 ALPHABETICAL INDEX TO NATICA. abbreviata, Sowb. sp. 100, f. 157, 158. Adansoni, Rve. sp. 33, f. 94. adusta, — ?=zanzebarica. affinis=zelandica. alabaster, Rve.=intemerata. ala-papilionis, Chemn. sp. 24, f. 46. alba, Lovén=greenlandica. albula, Recl.=mamilla. albumen, Recl. sp. 15, f. 57. Alderi, Forbes, sp. 94, f. 113. Alexandric, Recl. ; not found. americana, Recl.=nitida ? ampullaria, Lam.=catena ? Antonii, Phil. sp. 101, f. 128. aperta, Sowb. sp. 54, no fig. arachnoides, Recl.=fulminea. areolata, — ? zebra var. P asellus, Rve. sp. 124*, f. 161. aspersa, Menke=maculata. aurantia, Lamk. sp. 60, f. 15, 16. Baconi, Rive. sp. 4, f. 2. Beverlii, Leach landica. bifasciata, Gray, sp. 113, f. 45. ‘ bifasciata, Recl.=fulminea. borealis, Gray =greenlandica. Bourguignati, Reel. ful- minea. Broderipiana, Recl. sp. 20, fo: bulbosa, Rve.=groenlandica. groon- buriasensis, Fecl. sp. 121, ral sls Caillaudii, Recl. = pavi- mentum. campechensis, fecl. sp. 2, ier. canaliculata, Gld.=helicoides. cancellata, Gmel.=sulcata. candidissima, Le Guil. sp. 59, f. 26. candidissima, Rve.=Jukesii. canrena, Linn. sp. 20, f. 24, 169. caribbxa, Phil. sp. 83, f. 165. catena, Phil. sp. 127, f. 50. catenata, Phil. sp. 39, f. 106-7, Chemnitzii, Pffr. = marochi- ensis. Chemnitzii, Recl.=didyma. chinensis, Lamk. sp. 49, f. 9. clausa, Brod. § Sowb.sp. 125, f. 48. clavata, Sowb. sp. 11, f. 167. collaria, Lamk. sp. 29, f. 121. Collei, Recl. sp. 30, f. 142, 14, 144. columnaris, Reel. sp. 13, f. 37 conica, Lamk. sp. 78, f. 25. consolidata, Couth.=collaria. cora, D’ Orb. sp. 88, f. 136. cornea, Moller=helicoides. crenata, Recl.=ala-papilionis. cruentata, Lamk.=fulminea. Cumingiana, Reel. sp. 47, f. 31 7. decora, Phil. ?=zebra. deidosa, Ave. sp. 61, f. 43. depressa, Gray ; not identified. didyma, Bolten, sp. 7, f. 4, 14. Dilwyniana, Fecl. sp. 45, f. 166. Draparnaudi, Recl. sp. 12, f. 84. dubia, Recl. sp. 62, f. 56. duplicata, Say=heros. eburnea, — ? =orientalis. effusa, Swains. sp. 72, f. 82. elegans, Recl.=picta ? Elene, Recl. sp. 22, f. 150. euzona, Recl.=zebra. fibula, Rve.=young Incei, f. 63, 64. filosa, Sowb. sp. 137, f. 74. flava, Gild. sp. 19, f. 125, Flemingiana, fecl. sp. 66, me) florida, Rve. sp. 110, f. 90. fluctuata, Sowb. sp. 143, f.17. forata, Recl, sp. 56, f. 96. Forskalii, Chemn. sp. 16, f. 39. Fortunei, Rve. sp. 53, f, 158. fragilis, Leach=helicoides. Francisca, Recl, sp. 90, f. 162. fulgurans, Recl. sp. 28. f. 123. fulminea, Gmel. sp. 109, f. 85, 86, 87. fusca, Carp. sp. 85, f. 104. fuscata, — ?=Cumingiana. gallapagosa, MRecl. sp, 84, f. 95 Gambiz, Recl, sp. 119, f. 49. genuana, five. sp. 118, f. 139. glabella, Rve. sp, 89, f. 159. ~ globosa, Chemn. sp. 24, f, 47. glauca, Humboldt, sp, 5, f. 5. glaucina, Seacchi=sordida. glaucina, Linn, = Alderi ? (Hanley). glaucina, Penn. not Linn.= catena. glaucina, Lam. not Linn,= olla. 102 Gouldii, Phil.=groenlandica ? gracilis, Sowb. sp. 102, f. 156. groenlandica, Beck. sp. 129, f. 140. Gualteriana, Petit, sp. 37, f. 152. Guillimeria, Payr.=Alderi ? Haneti, Recl.=Elene var. ? hebrea, Martyn=maculata. helicoides, Johnson, sp. 144, ee helvacea, Lamk.=globosa. Herculea, Jonas, sp. 9, f. 3. heros, Say, sp. 8, f. 8. ianthostoma, Desh. f. 52. immaculata, Tatten, sp. 106, f. 147. imperforata, Suwb. sp. 120, f 93. impervia, Phil.=clausa. Incei, Phil. sp. 10, f. 27, 63, 64, 101, 103. intemerata, Phil. sp. 73, f. 44, intermedia, Phil.=Philippu, Rve.=mamillaris. intermedia, Recl.=mamilla. intricata, Donov. sp. 55, f. 114. islandica, Gmel.=helicoides. jamaicensis, C, B. Ad. sp. 96. £ E10: javanica, Del.=maculosa. Jukesii, Rve, sp. 80, f. 55. labrella, Lamk,; not identi- fied. lactea, Lovén=ereenlandica. levida, Laskey ?=sordida. Lamarckiana, Recluz = didy- ma. leucophxa, Rve. sp. 76, f, 60. leucozonias, Gmel.=rufa, Lewissii, Gld.=Herculea. lineata, Lamk. sp. 21, f. 38. livida, Bean=groenlandica. locellus, Rve. sp. 40, f. 155. lupinus, Desh, =solida, Bl. P sp. 41, lurida, ensis. macilenta, Phil. sp. 95, f. 154. macrostoma, Phil. sp. 140, f. 75. macrotremis, Ad. § Kve. sp. 136, f. 148. maculata, Lamk. sp. 31, f. 21, 22. maculosa, Lamk. sp. 34, f. 13. maheensis, Fecl. sp. 36, f. 40. mamilla, Linn. sp. 58, f. 28, 29, 30. mamillaris, Lamk. sp. 67, f. 68. marmorata, —? Barclay Isl., resembling marochiensis. maroccana, Chemn. = maro- chiensis. marochiensis, Gmel. sp. 38, £162,108; 109; Tol: maura, Brug. sp. 142, f. 36. maura, EK. M.=melanostoma. melanostoma, Gimel. sp. 131, yee melanostomoides, Quoy, sp. 133, f. 78. melastoma, Swains. sp. 70, f. 100. microstoma, Quoy=plumbea. millepunctata, Lamk.=macu- Philippi = marochi- lata. monilifera, Hanl.=catena. Montacuti, Forbes, sp. 13, f. 141. mozaica, Sowb. sp. 107, f. 133, 134. nana, MOoll.; not identified. Nicolii, Fbes.=catena., nitida, Rve. sp. 93, f. 118. ' nitida, Donov.=Alderi ? notata, Sowb. sp. 44, f. 168. nucula, Ive. sp. 99, f. 145. olla, Mar. de Serr. sp. 1, f. 1. opaca, Recl.=melanostoma. orientalis, Gmel. sp. 14, f. 65, 66 otis, C. B. Ad.; not found. pallida, Brod. sp. 103, f. 137. 103 pallium, Recl.=Cumingiana. panamensis, Fec/. sp. 63, f. 18. papyracea, Sowb. sp. 18, f. 149 patula, Sowerby=glauca. pavimentum, fecl. sp. 108, Oe: pellis-tigrina, Ohemn. sp. 35, f. 83. perspicua, Fecl. sp. 71, f. 70. pes-elephantis, Chemn, P=co- lumnaris. Petiveriana, Recl.=didyma. phytelepas, ve. sp. 69, f. 58. picta, Recl. sp. 50, f. 120. pisiformis, Recl. sp. 97, f. 163. plicatula, Nuttall=sordida ? plumbea, Lamk. sp. 74, f. 69. pomum, Philippi, sp. 17, f. 19. porcellana, D’Orb. sp. 82, f. 126. | Powisiana, Fecl. sp. 48, f. 32. Priamus, Reel. sp. 141, f. 23. Prichardi, Forbes=marochi- ensis, problematica, Rve. sp. 8, f. 54. proxima, C. B. Ad. sp. 124, re wall puerilis, Gld. sp. 105, f. 132. punctata, Swains.=fulminea. pusilla, Forbes & Han. = groenlandica. pygmea, Philippi; not identi- fied, pyramis, Rve. sp. 65, f. 35. pyriformis, Recl.=mamilla. rapulum, Five. sp. 42, f. 61. ravida, Soul. sp. 81, f. 53. Raynaudiana, Fecl. sp. 91, f. 88. Recluziana, Deshayes, sp. 3, f. 6. rhodocheilus, Ad. & Rve.= violacea ? rhodostoma, Phil.=violacea. rubro-maculata, Smith, sp. 112, f. 124. rufa, Born, sp. 27, f. 42. rufilabris, ftve. sp. 51, f. 127. rugosa, Chemn.=sulcata. rutila, Macgill.=Montacuti. sagraiana, D’ Orb. sp. 92, f. 117. salangoensis, Recl. mamillaris var. samarensis, — ? resembling simie. sanguinolenta, Desh. = mela- stoma. Sebee, Souleyet, sp. 135, f. 79. semisulcata, Gray, sp. 87, f.59. senegalensis, Recl.=fulminea. septentrionalis, Beck. sp. 117, Ore sere, Souleyet ; not known. simiz, Chemn. sp. 134, f. 71. simioides, Recl.=simie. solida, Blainv. sp. 77, f. 81. sordida, Phil. sp. 128, f. 98. sordida, Swains.=plumbea. Souleyetiana,— ? = marochi- ensis. spadicea, Gimel. sp. 32, f. 20. squalida, Macgill.=Montacuti. stercus-muscarum=maculata. Strangei, Rve. sp. 75, f. 80. succineoides, ve. sp. 138, f. 76. suffusa, Rve.sp. 104, f.129,130. suleata, Born, sp. 26, f. 33, 34. 104 textilis, Rve. sp. 126, no fig. tincturella, Rve. sp. 111, f. 97. Traillii, ve. sp. 122, f. 164. trifasciata, Recl. = maculata var. triseriata, Say, sp. 52, f. 138. uber, Valence. sp. 68, f. 51. umbilicata, Quoy, sp. 139, f.77. unifasciata, Lamk.=marochi- ensis. unimaculata, Rve. sp. 46, f. 105. ustulata, Sowb. sp. 79, f. 112. Valenciennesi, Payr. = intri- cata. variabilis, Recl. sp. 125, f. 135. variolaria, Recl.=pellis-tigri- na. Vavaosi, Le Guil. sp. 64, f. 122. venustula, Phil. sp. 98, f. 146. vestalis, — ? mamilla var. P violacea, Sowb. sp. 86, f. 11. virginea, C. B. Ad.=uber. vitellus, Linn. sp. 114, f. 41. vittata, Gimel. sp. 43, f. 115, 116. zanzebarica, Fecl. sp. 132, f. 73. zebra, Lamk. sp. 23, f. 92. zelandica, Quoy, sp. 57, f. 119. zonaria, Lamk. = ala-papilio- nis. 105 MONOGRAPH OF THE GENUS NERITA. Testa marina, plerumque solida, plus minusve rotunda; spira plerumque -subdepressa, raro exserta, nonnunquam planulata; apertura semirotunda, area columellari plerumque oblique rectiuscula callosa, frequenter rugata, vel verrucosa, margine plerumque dentato; labio externo expanso, intus calloso, tum plus minusve crenato, supra infraque nonnunquam uni- vel bi-dentato. Operculo testaceo, semicirculari vix uni- — spirali per appendicem dentiformem ad columellam articulato. —The Neritz, which are marine, may fairly be distinguished from the Neritinz, which are mostly inhabitants of fresh water. The former are generally more solid, more sculptured, and more strongly toothed in the mouth. The latter are always smooth, or nearly so, and the shelving columellar area is very nearly if not entirely without teeth on the margin. The operculum in both genera is articulated to the edge of the columella by a small square projecting appendix. Species. 1. pouita, f. 2, 3, Linneus.—Solida polita fasciata et varie picta, oblique ovata, area columellari crassa callosa, labio externo crasso, expanso, columella rude dentata.—This solid, polished, and variously painted shell is well known. 2. antiquata, f. 4, 92, Recluz.—wN. polite similis, magis rotunda concentrice rugata, labio interno verrucoso, labio externo intus crenato, marginibus internis aurantiis.—Differ- ing from NV. polita, being more or less concentrically wrinkled, 106 NERITA. . the columellar area warted as well as toothed, an inner circle of the mouth generally orange. 3. semirucosa, f. 1, Recluz.— N. polite similis, sed spiraliter striata.—Resembling NV. polita in form, but more or less distinctly spirally striated. 4, maxima, f. 36, Chemnitz.—lV. polite similis, sed spira magis elevata, anfractibus superne depressis, apertura superne subconstricta.—Resembling WV. polita, but with more elevated spire, and the whorls hollowed and depressed obliquely. 5. Rumpnu, f. 8-11, Recluz.—N. polite similis, magis anguste ovata, area columellari subverrucosa, columella. minute dentata, coloribus variis fasciata et maculata.—Smaller and narrower than JN. polita, with the columella only slightly toothed and shelving. NV. argws seems only to be a dark variety slightly speckled with white. 6. Orpienyana, f. 48, 49, Recluz. — Ovato-oblonga, angusta, levigata, tenuis; punctis nigris albo-marginatis angulatim dispositis picta; area columellari ad marginem externum verrucosa, margine interno dentato, medio emar- ginato.—Not far differing from N. Rumphw, but thinner and more elongated. The zigzag markings are formed by white-edged black dots. 7. Umuassiana, f. 125, Krauss.—N. Rumphii similis oblique magis elongata, labio externo ad spiram magis ex- tenso, colore subviridi, nigro marmorata.— Narrower than N. Rumphii, with the outer lip extended over part of the spire. 8. nistrio, f. 6, Linnwus.—Magna, solida, oblique elon- gata, spiraliter subdistanter striata, pallida griseo seriatim maculata, et partim tessellata; spira brevissima anfractibus superne subplanatis apertura expansa; area columellari sub- verrucosa, margine valide dentato.—More oblong than JN. polita, rather flat, with rather flat spire, strongly spirally striated, and tessellated with black and grey. 9, maura, f. 37, 55, Recluz.—Quam N. histrio spira magis elevata,. apertura multo magis expansa, colore griseo-nigri- canti, nigro obscure tessellato.—The spire is much more elevated and rounded, the whorls less depressed, the aperture more expanded, and the columellar area more coarsely ver- NERITA. 107 rucose. ‘The darker shell, f. 55, is a little differently shaped, and more generally black. 10. tineata, f. 38, Chemnitz.—Oblique oblonga, costellis nigris dense spiraliter cincta; spira compressiuscula, anfrac- tibus versus suturam tumidiusculis, tum declivi-depressis; apertura ampla aureo suffusa, labio interno subrugoso, ad marginem valide dentato.—Having the same obliquely-oval form as all the preceding species, and spirally girt with out- standing black ridges. The columellar area is more or less tinctured with yellow. 11. Batreata, f. 83, Reeve.—Quam N. lineata magis angustata, liris spiralibus magis distantibus, hince illine albo- punctatis, labio externo intus crenato, area columellari verru- cosa, margine valide dentato.—More narrow than UN. lineata, with the spiral lines more distant and articulated. 12. arraMENTOosA, f. 44, Reeve.-—Anguste oblonga, lineis nigris albo punctatis spiraliter dense cincta; area colu- mellari subrugata, margine valide dentato; labio externo nigro marginato, intus crenato, supra infraque valide uni- dentato.—Of a blackish-grey colour, with finely speckled close linear ridges. A strong lateral tooth above and one below on the inner surface of the outer lip. 13. Brrmanica, f. 82, Philippi.—Quam N. atramentosa magis regulariter ovata, liris punctatis spiralibus vix elevatis ; spira minutissima, dentibus lateralibus in apertura ob- soletis.—The spiral ribs are very little raised, the form is an oblique regular oval, and the upper and lower lateral teeth in the aperture, conspicuous in the preceding, are obsolete in this species. 14. srricta, f. 118, Baird.—May be identical with the preceding, but I have only a rough sketch and notes. 15. AntittaruM, f. 53, 54, Gmelin.—Nigrescens, sub- quadratim ovata, costis complanatis, concentrice striatis, approximatis sculpta; apertura ovata, area columellari granulosa margine valide dentato, labio externo intus crenato.—There can be little doubt that this is the species referred to in the figure of Chemnitz, pl. 192, f. 1987, named scalpta in Reeve’s work and msculpta in the British Museum. It is characterised by broad flat ribs, set rather closely together. co 108 NERITA. 16. prsEcTa, f. 56, 57, Reeve-—Quam NV. Antillarwm magis expansa, area columellari levigata, frequenter flavida, costis medio longitudinaliter divisis.—Of a broader and flatter make than the preceding ; smoother in the columellar area, which is sometimes yellow, and the ribs are split, as it were, in the middle by an incised line. 17. Dompryt, f. 109, Recluz.—Parva, subrotunda, dense spiraliter costata fulvo-grisea vel nigrescens; apertura expansa, labio superne extenso columella concavo-excavata ; area colu- mellari planulatim excavata subgranulosa, macula cerulea vel nigra picta.—A rather rounded shell, with fine ribs and expanded mouth, with a bluish-black spot on the columellar area. Fig. 85 represents a darker shell, which can hardly be distinguished from the type. 18. g@roraina, f. 110, 111, Recluz.—Oblique ovata sub- oblonga, costellis acntis, subdistantibus nigro articulatis, fre- quenter duplicatis; area columellari polita vix medio dentata; labio externo tenui, crenulato.—The ribs are a little distant, sharp-edged, and articulated with black; the mouth is smooth, and the edge of the outer lip not nearly so much notched as in the figure which was copied before seeing specimen. 19. aranuata, f. 66, Reeve-—Quam N. Dombeyi brevior, liris magis distantibus; area columellari valide granulata, labio externo intus valide plicato.— Remarkable for the strong granulation of the columellar area and the strong plaits inside the outer lip. 20. Novu-Guinez, f. 116, 117, Lesson.— Subglobosa erisea nigricans, spiraliter confertim filoso-lirata; columella ad marginem valide dentata; spira parva exserta aurantia acuminata.—This species has not the flattened spire of the several preceding ; it has strong teeth on the columella, and is somewhat fluted on the edge of the outer lip. 21. Burnnarpi, f. 104, 105, Recluz.—Parva, rude spi- raliter costata, flavida, nigro late variegata, et albizonata ; area columellari angusta, granulata, ‘abio externo intus valide crenato.—This is a smali shell, rather coarsely ribbed, covered, except in one or mute bands, with mottled black. The columellar area is narrow and strongly granulated. 22. gunvana, f. 117, 118, Reeve—Quam NV. Bernhardi magis globosa, spira subplanata, apertura haud tantum ex- NERITA. 109 pansa, area columellari leviuscula, nigra, zonis aurantiis binis cincta.—More globose and less expanded than the pre- ceding, strongly ribbed, black, with an orange band at the suture and another below the last whorl. 23. HAusTRUM, f. 77, Reeve.—Ovato-globosa, nigro profuse marmorata sulcata; spira paulo elevata; apertura profunda angustiuscula, area columellari minute granulata, margine vix dentato.—Rather more obliquely oval than globose; rather suleated than ribbed, with the mouth a little con- tracted, the columella minutely granular and rather hollow, with very inconspicuous teeth. 24. comma-NoTata, f. 59, Reeve.—Quam N. haustrum magis rotunde ovata, dentibus columelle majoribus, costis latis, distinctis, nigro quadratim articulatis, interstitiis an- gustis profundis.—Distinctly broad-ribbed, with deep narrow grooves. The ribs are flattened, and marked by long comma- like spots. - 25. mpxcavata, f. 84, Sowerby. — Oblique ovato-globosa, nigra, albo variegata, costis validis, subcomplanatis, approxi- matis lirata, spira subproducta obtusa ; apertura flavida, nigro marginata, angusta, profunda ; area columellari granulata, de- clivi, excavata, dentibus marginalibus tumidis, acutis; labio externo intus sublirato, supra infraque acute bidentato; margine externo nigro, crenulato. 26. FracuM, f. 7, Reeve.—Subovato-globosa, dense lirata, nigra, maculis lutescentibus sparsim variegata; apertura fulva, angustiuscula; area columellari levi, fere edentula, sanguineo unimaculata.—More globose than the two or three preceding, with a smooth columella marked by a broad reddish-brown spot. 27. TESSELLATA, f. 86, 87, 88, 89, Gmelin.—Globoso- subquadrata, rotunde lirata, alba, nigro concinne tessellata, vel rude maculata; apertura levi, dentibus columellze mi- nutis, labii externi superne conspicuis. 28. aLBIpuNcTATA, f 119, 120, Reeve.—N. tessellate similis, liris subdistantibus nigris, interstitiis albipunctatis.— I have not examined Reeve’s shell, but if it really differs ‘from J, tessellata, it will be in the interstices rather than the ribs being spotted with white, and broader in proportion. 110 NERITA 29. prona, f. 15, Recluz.—N. tessellate similis sed omnino nigra, labio interno edentulo.—A specimen of NV. reticulata blacked all over would pass very well for this species, ex- cept in having two rather prominent lateral teeth inside the outer lip. 30. neritINorpEs, f. 43, Reeve.—V. tessellate similis sed polita, omnino nigra, vix sulcata, apertura flavida, levi.— Like reticulata in form, but polished and black all over, with very slight traces of grooves or ribs, and no teeth or wrinkles in the yellowish mouth. 31. arrata, f. 41, Chemnitz.—Ponderosa, quadratim subglobosa, nigra, lzvis; spira brevi subplanulata; apertura alba, nigro marginata, labio interno valide dentato ; labio externo intus incrassato, superne bidentato, infra uniden- tato.—A thick, black, smooth shell, of similar form to ‘the preceding, but the white aperture is strongly toothed, and the outer lip black-edged. 32. mxuvia, f. 34, Linnewus.—Subovata, solida, grisea, liris nigro articulatis, elevatim planatis, ad latera excavatis spiraliter cincta; spira parva, planata; apertura subrotunda, area columellari subexcavata granulata, labio externo laque- ato, intus crenato superne dentibus duobus magnis armato.— The articulated ribs are flat at the top, hollow at the sides, and prominent; the columellar area is hollow and granu- lated, outer lip crenulated, with two prominent lateral teeth above. 33. aTRO-PURPUREA, f. 29, Recluz.—Subtrigona, purpureo- nigrescenti undulatim variegata, costis validis lirata; spira minuta subplanata; anfractibus rapide crescentibus superne planulatis ; apertura expansa, labio externo latissimo superne supra spiram longe extenso; area columellari rude granulata et dentata.—Almost three-cornered, with the outer lip broadly expanded and extended over the spire. The blackish purple wavy mottling shows very prettily in some specimens. 34. pLEXA, f. 33, Chemnitz.—Ovata crassa alba, maculis nigris magnis ad costas distanter tessellata, costis magnis et interstitiis minoribus rude crenulatis sculpta; apertura sub- expansa; labio externo maculato et laqueato, intus crasso, denticulato dentibus majoribus superne armato, area colu-* mellari granulata, ad marginem mediocriter dentata.—A well- NERITA. i! known coarsely sculptured species tessellated with bluish- black on the ribs. 35. cHLoRosToMA, f. 32, Lamarck.—Quam NV. plexa magis distanter costata, costis et interstitiis levigatis; apertura rudissime plicata verrucosa et dentata; area columellari colore flavido tincta.—With nearly the same shape as JV. plexa, but broader ribs and wider interstices. The aperture is coarsely wrinkled, toothed, and granulated ; general colour tending to yellow, with very broad tessellating black spots. 36. squamuLaTa, f. 24, 25, 101, 102, 122, Le Gwillowu.— Subtrigona, varie flammulis fasciisque picta, costellis squa- mosis ineequalibus lirata; spira parva, planata; apertura expansa labio externo lato, intus crenulato, area columellari verrucosa et acute dentata.—Variously banded and spotted, with flat spire and expanded outer lip, the two latter characters, with the scaly ribs, distinguishing it from JN. chameleon. N. textilis, Lamarck, is identical. J. electrina, Reeve, is only a variety of this. 37. sianata, f. 18, Macleay.—Only differs from NV. squa- mulata in having a blood-red mark among the wrinkles of the columellar area. A very young shell among our speci- mens labelled N. vittulata resembles it with the exception of the mark. 38. CHAMELEON, f. 22, 94-99, Linn@us.—Globoso-subovata coloribus variis flammulatim et fasciatim picta, costis levibus plerumque distantibus, frequenter approximatis; spira parva exsertiuscula, anfractibus superne subplanulatis ; apertura mediocri, labio externo intus tenuiter plicato, supra infraque unidentato; area columellari valide pauci-verrucoso medio ad marginem acute dentato.—The lively flames gathering in rays at the suture, intensifying as they cross the ribs, and in- terrupted by cross bands of light, are the same in all varieties of colour. The ribs are normally distant ; but sometimes inter- mediate ribs arise, which become nearly equal with the others. The species is named JN. stella as of Chemnitz in Reeve; but Hanley has identified it as the Linnean shell in ‘Ipsa Conchylia. Our figures 22, 96, 97, are typically characteristic ; f.78, 79 ditto, but named oryza, Recluz, f. 93, 94,95. The closely ribbed variety named precognita, Adams in Reeve (Hindsii, Recluz), is scarcely distinguishable. WAN) NERITA. 39. annuLaTa, f. 75, Reeve.—Scarcely distinct from JN. chameleon. . . « ba : i 7 -_ i ' - r e 4 i mt - eT Z ee ; ; Sere rT & i ¥ ‘ aan ourt ay j i © Fh, 7 - ie on sa t SS —— a . veh ir a ire = J - 7 ile 1 Be * ‘ = 2 ee — i J a > { 7 ~ a ad . 7 & 5 2 ¢ i & Je i] \e 7 iY La y i - ~ a ‘Sy Fu x aie sit *} e rth pie ae es ot J ahs hig ot : - > ent Lom ned var cali wie ta aft Aue poet % e: rs i a : tae Genus VANIKORO, Quoy et Gaimard. Syn. Merria, Gray; Narica, Recluz. PuaTE 482. Testa globosa, paucispiralis cancellata vel decussata, epider- mide tenui induta, perforata, umbilicata ; umbilico in canalem desinenti ; apertura ampla, margine simplici; operculo corneo. Subglobose, cancellated, generally white, with a thin epidermis ; perforated, with an umbilicus ending in a slight canal. Operculum horny, non-spiral. Species. 1, canceLLata, f. 7, Reclwz.—Oblique ovata, oblique sinuatim costata, filis tenuibus decussata, umbilico magno ; apertura maxima; spira depressa.—This typical species has thick flexuous oblique ribs, crossed with narrow threads. The mouth is very wide. 2. crparis, f. 10, Recluz—Quam sp. 1, haud tantum obliqua, leviter costata, apertura alta, columella rectiuscula, apice producto, parvo.—Less oblique than sp. 1, more lightly ribbed, ‘aperture high as well as wide, columella rather straight, a little swollen in the centre. 3. Guertniana, f. 8, Recluz.—Obliqua, distanter oblique costata; ultimo anfractu supra aperturam elevato ; umbilico latissimo ; apertura magna lata depressa; apice depresso.— A very oblique small species, with oblique distant ribs crossed by very light threads, a wide aperture, and very wide umbilicus. The straight columella reaches to the suture. 4. niaata, f. 19, Recluz.—Alta globosa, distanter oblique costata; umbilico angusto; anfractu ultimo supra aperturam elevato; apice producto.—Much like V. Gueriniana in the 168 VANIKORO. distance of the ribs, but less oblique, more globose and high, with only very narrow umbilicus. ~ 5. CLATHRATA, f. 3, Recluz.—Parva obliqua, valide costata tenuiter spiraliter lirata ; apertura brevi lata ; umbilico latis- simo.—A little more close in the sculpture than V. Guwerin- diana, and with a still wider umbilicus. 6. ruGATA, f. 22, A. Adams.—-Subovata alta, undis magnis et liris spiralibus partim rugata, anfractu ultimo dorso magis leviter cancellato ; umbilico lato, columella recta, ad suturam extensa, apertura semicirculari.—Oval in the upright direc- tion, broadly cancellated excepting on the back of the last whorl ; apex produced, umbilicus large, aperture semilunar. 7. souipa, f. 1, Sowerby.—Solida subglobosa; spira pro- ducta, late cancellata; costis lirisque in ultimum anfractum evandis.—The cancellation becomes obsolete in the later whorls. 8. pLicaTa, f. 9, Recluz.—Globoso-subovata, tenuiter obli- que lirata, spiraliter tenuissime striata ; spira subacuminata, umbilico angusto; apertura infra lata, umbilico angustius- culo.—Finely cancellated and with a rather pointed apex. 9. Prritrana, f. 18, Recluz.—Magna tenuis, tenuiter obli- que lirata, spiraliter striata; spira producta anfractibus duo- bus convexis, umbilico angustato, apertura magna, columella arcuata.—Large, rather thin, finely cancellated, the oblique lines predominating ; spire consisting of two dome-shaped whorls; umbilicus narrow, aperture large with arched colu- mella. 10. Desnayestana, f. 17.—Quam V. Petitiana altior, magis ovata costis lirisque ad ultimum anfractum evanidis ; apertura magna, alta; umbilico angustiori ; columella recti- uscula.k—More upright oval than sp. 9, the ribs and spiral ridges disappearing in the last whorl; columella rather straight. 11. granutosa, f. 4, Recluz.—Subobliqua costis lirisque reticulata, ad angulos monilifera; apertura subangustata ; apice subacuminato; umbilico subrotundo.—The sculpture gives rather the appearance of network knotted at the angles, than that of cancellation. VANIKORO. 169 12. semipiicata, f. 5, Recluz.—This shell cannot be here described, there being some uncertainty as to the speci- mens. 13. SovuLzyerana, f. 21, Recluz.—Globosa, altiuscula, sub- acuminata, eequaliter cancellata; umbilico parvo; columella recti.—The cancellations are moderately small, regular, and distinct. Umbilicus small, columella rather straight. 14. neLicoipna, f. 20, Le Guillou.—Lata, oblique et flexuosim costata, inter costas foveolata; ultimo anfractu oblique crescenti; umbilico angustiusculo; apertura alta, subpyriformi ; columella rectiuscula.x—The ribs are oblique and flexuous, and not interrupted by the spiral lines which cause pits in the interstices. 15. Garmarpt, f. 13, A. Adams.—Latissime cancellata ; spira elevata, acuminata; canali umbilicali angusto.—A small shell with few strong crossbars. 16. Cumrinerana, f. 24, Lecluz.—Subglobosa, conspicue carinata, inter carinas concentrice subsulcata, umbilico pro- fundo, apertura semicircularii—The spiral keels are promi- ment and crossed by concentric sulci. 17. Cuvrertana, f. 23, Recluz.—Subcerulea et fulva, tenuiter spiraliter et concentrice striata; ultimo anfractu infra oblique expanso; umbilico maximo ; apertura lata, de- pressa.—Much more finely sculptured in both directions. The umbilicus and the lower part of the aperture are both wide and oblique. 18. pistans, f. 14, Recluz.—Tenuis elevata angusta acu- minata, distanter oblique concentrice costata, spira elevata, umbilico angustissimo ; apertura auriformi.—There are no traces of spiral ridges, but distant oblique concentric ribs. 19. rosEa, f. 15, Recluz.—Obliqua, rosea, tenuiter oblique cancellata; umbilico latissimo; apertura oblique semicircu- lari; spira acuminata.—Of a rosy tint, finely and evenly cancellated. 20. acuta, f. 12, Reclwz.—Depresso-subpyramidata, obli- qua, subeequaliter cancellata; umbilico latissimo; apertura infra lata, columella ad suturam extensa.—An oblique species with wide umbilicus and aperture, rather finely and equally cancellated. 170 VANIKORO. 21. rimpricata, f. 11, Pease.—Parva obliqua angusta, regulariter et tenuiter reticulata ; umbilico maximo, apertura valde obliqua; columella elongata.—The aperture is more oblique than in any other species. 22. Reciuziana, f. 2.—Elevata angusta, regulariter cancel- lata; spira acuminata; apertura brevi pyriformi, umbilico mediocri.—One of the most pyramidal species with the shortest proportionate aperture. 23. miata, f. 6, Sowerby.—Ovato-acuminata, leviter can- cellata ; spira elevata ; umbilico parvo ; apertura pyriformi.— More ovate and more lightly cancellated than the preceding ; umbilicus small. 24, semisotuta, f. 16, Sowerby.—Parva ovata elevata ; spira acuminata; ultimo anfractu laxe adherenti; apertura angustissima, elongata; umbilico angustissimo.—A very narrow rather coarsely cancellated minute shell with very elevated spire. Genus NERITOPSIS, Grateloupe. Pate 482. Testa subglobosa spiraliter granoso-costata ; spira brevi ; apertura magna; labio interno crasso planulato medio quad- ratim emarginato ; labio externo intus incrassato. Operculum crassum, testaceum, nonspirali, ad columellam quasi-articulato. —Subglobose, spirally granularly ribbed; spire short, aperture large; inner lip thickened, flattened, and with a square notch in the middle. Outer lip thickened and striated within. Operculum thick shelly, not spiral, with curious articulation on the columellar side. Syn. Radula, Gray, not Klein. Species. NERITINA RADULA (Nerita), Linnwus. Hab. Ceylon. Only one species known. (Shell and operculum, bottom figures in plate 482.) 17] PLANANIS, Lamarck. (Plates I., II. Thes. Pl. 483, 484.) Testa ovato-subpyramidata, solida, plerumque spiraliter suleata aut striata; apertura intus crenato-dentata, supra infraque subcanaliculata; columella prope suturam callosa, infra ad terminum planata et truncata. The aperture terminates in a notch or canal at each end, the callosity at the suture forming one in conjunction with the outer lip, and there being a notch at the lower termina- tion where the columella is flattened and truncated.—The genus Quoyia is composed of two species (decollatus 11, and Michaudi 12), which have a notch cut out close to the junction of the outer lip behind the callus, which is thereby sharpened into a tooth. Species. 1. sotcatus, f. 10, 11, Born.—Magnus solidus late pyra- midatus, sulcis spiralibus crassis rotundis cinctus; apertura subtrigona, intus valide dentata; columella lata truncata; labio externo superne subflexuosim depresso.—Of a greyish colour, mottled and marked variously with brown. 2. encausticus, f. 32, Smith.—P. sulcuto similis sed bre- vior, sulcis fere evanidis, maculis quadratis tessellatus, an- fractibus superioribus rotundis, paucis.—The markings have a tessellated character, the grooves are faint and the upper whorls few, round and short. 3. BREVICULUS, f. 3.—P. sulcato similis, sulcis fere evanidis, maculis fuscis oblongo-quadratis medio ornata.—Although shorter than sp. 1, it has the same pyramidal form, with L772 PLANAXIS. sulci almost obsolete and a row of tile-like markings in the middle of the last whorl. 4, Savianyt, f. 4, Deshayes.—Quam P. sulcatus brevior, sulcis haud profundis; ultimo anfractu infra medium angulato, subconcavo.—Like No. 1, but shorter, with shallow grooves, and an angle below the middle of the last whorl, which is concave beneath. 5. opscurus, f. 33, A. Adams, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1851.— Angustus pyramidatus, fusecus et cinereus, strigis nigrescen- tibus undatis flammulata, liris rotundis spiralibus cincta ; anfractibus altis, ultimo obtuse angulato; apertura curta, intus valide dentata; margine late fusco, labio externo prope suturam depresso; columella alba, planata truncata.—Of the same general character as the four preceding, but narrower, with aperture shorter and whorls elevated. 6. crassisprra, f. 14, Smith.—Subcylindricus, grisescens, maculis linearibus catenatis ornata; spira obtusa anfractibus elevatis; apertura brevi infra subtruncata, fusco marginata ; columella infra planata, truncata.—The whorls exhibit a slow increase, and thus give a cylindrical appearance to the shell, which is prettily streaked with chain-like markings down- wards. 7. PLANIcosTATUS, f. 12, Sowerby.—Elevatim pyramidatus solidus fusco-nigricans, inter liras planatas profunde sulcatus ; apertura breviuscula margine, intus lirato, extus crenato, columella late planulata truncata.—Sculptured by flattened ribs between deep grooves. 8. suturaALIs, f. 13, Smith.—Parvus albus sulcatus pyra- midalis ; apertura subtrigona, labio externo denticulato.— A small white pyramidal shell slightly grooved, with teeth on the outer edge of the aperture. 9. castannus, f. 34, Smth. — Pyriformis acuminatus castaneus tenuis; anfractibus rectiusculis, ultimo infra sub- rotundo, apertura trigona, intus lirata columella angusta.— Chestnut in colour, pyramidal in foim, and quite smooth. 10. BRAsILIANus, f. 15, 16, Lamarck.—Elevatim pyramid- atus albus, leevigatus, epidermide piloso indutus; anfractibus convexiusculis ; apertura brevi lutea, labio externo superne PLANAXIS. i773 deflexo; margine intus incrassato, liratim dentato.—A smooth, pyramidal, thick white shell, with a velvety epidermis. 11. DECOLLATUS (Quoyia), f. 2, Gray.—Fulvus et griseus, leviter strigatus, elevatim pyramidatus, spiraliter valide sul- eatus ultimo anfractu obtuse angulato; apertura subtrigona ; columella crassa, postice excisa et unidentata, antice truncata, labro prope suturam subdepresso, antice rotundatim expanso. —The apex appears to be deciduous, and the columellar lip, which in most shells of the genus Planaxis has a little callus near the suture, is so notched out as to leave a sort of tooth. This seems hardly a sufficient difference to justify generic separation. 12. Micnavpr (Quoyia), f. 1.—Pyramidatus levis acumin- atus; apertura trigona, margine crenato, columella tenui; postice exciso et unidentata.—This species is smaller and smoother than sp. 11.—It does not lose its apex, while the notch and tooth on the columella are not so con- spicuous. 13. nucLEus, f. 20, Lamarck.—Breviter bulbiformis, acu- minatus niger crassus; ultimo anfractu magno infra rotundo, prope suturam infra medium et ad marginem externum apertura profunde suleato; apertura infra expansa, margine crasso crenato; columella prope suturam canaliculata. Smooth in the centre of the whorls, but sulcated deeply at the top and bottom. 14. NIGRITELLUS, f. 21, Forbes.—Quam P. nucleus magis pyramidatus, sulcis haud profundis, medio anfractuum eva- nidis.—More pyramidal than P. nucleus, with the grooves slighter, and disappearing in the middle of the whorls. 15. aTRopuRPUREDS, f. 10, Avrauss.—Leevis niger; anfrac- tibus ad suturam plumbeo-fasciatis, infra leviter trisuleatis. —Having a little lead-coloured band under the suture, and faint grooves on the lower part of the whorls. 16. Lasiosus, f. 25, Adams.—Subpyramidatus levis nigro- fusca, nigro obscure spiraliter fasciataa—A dark shell, with darker cross-lines. 17. acutus, f. 35, Krawss.—Acute pyramidatus, niger; anfractibus supra infraque tenuiter sulcatis; apertura ad margivem lirataw—More sharply pyramidal than the pre- 174 PLANAXIS. ceding, with lighter sulci, disappearing in the middle of the whorls. 18. sim1Lis, f. 36, Smith.—P. acuto similis, fuscus ; anfrac- tibus omnino distanter sulcatis.—The grooves do not disappear in the middle of the whorls. 19. Hanueyr, f. 37, Smith.—Acute pyramidatus, fuscus, levis ; anfractibus moderate cunvexis, supra infraque sulcatis ; ad suturam unifasciatus; apertura intus tenuiter lirata, rima suturali subrotunda.—The little channel formed at the junction of the life outer with the columella lip is rather more rounded than in most species. 20. niger, f. 38, Quoy.—Niger, levigatus, tenuiter sul- catus; apertura subpatula, canali postico subrotundo,—P. Hanleyi differs from this in several slight particulars, as may be seen by comparing figs. 37, 38. 21. atrr, f. 40, Pease.—Brevis levis niger; spira brevi; apertura subtrigona, intus lirata, canali postico nullo.—A small, rather short black shell, rather expanded in the last whorl. 22. aBpreviatus, f. 41, Pease.—Brevis laevis niger, obliqua ; apertura subtrigona expansa, intus lirata, canali postico lato. —More oblique than the preceding, with the outer lip more expanded, and a rather wide posterior canal in the mouth. 23. prticEuR (Holcostoma), f.19, Philippi.—Ovatus fulvus, leviter fusco fasciatus, leevis; spira brevissima ; ultimo an- fractu magno, medio ventricoso; apertura albida, subovata columella brevi obliqua lata truncata.—Differing from all other species in its oval shape and the size of the last whorl. 24. renuts, f. 5, Smith.—Elevatim pyramidatus tenuis politus, pallide teniatus ; anfractibus convexiusculis tenuis- sime, sulcatis.—Pale, elevated, and thin, with extremely slight spiral lines. 25. ineptus, f. 6. Gould.—Elevatim pyramidatus, lineis distantibus pallide zonatus, spiraliter suleatus.—More elevated than most of the small lineated species. 26. zonatus, f. 7, A. Adams.—P. inepto similis sed magis pyramidatus ; ultimo anfractu medio et infra medium rubro- lineata; apertura subtrigona, labio externo incrassato, denti- culato.—A single red line appears above the suture of the PLANAXIS. L7D upper whorls, and one in the middle and one below the middle of the last. 27. Lonaisprra, f. 9, Smith—Elevatus angustus tenuis pallidus; apertura brevi; spira elongata, infra suturam et medio anfractus ultimo tenuiter rubro-lineata.—The spire is very long in proportion to the aperture, which is small; one red line in the middle of the last whorl, and one between it and the suture. 28. VARIABILIS, f. 22, 23, Smith.—Parvus elongatus albi- dus, lineis spiralibus rubescentibus nonnunquam cinctus; spira acuminata.—The two figures represent variations in colour of this small acuminated species. 29. EBorEus, f. 27, Smith.—Parvus pallidus altus; spira elevata, anfractibus convexis, ultimo ad medium bilineato, prope suturam unilineato; apertura subtrigona, labio externo intus denticulato fusco punctato.—Having two lines in the middle, and one near the suture of the last whorl. 30. PUNCTO-sTRIATUS, f. 28, 29, Smith.—P. eboreo similis, lineis minute punctato-striatis cinctusx—Like sp. 27, but marked in double or single series of minute reddish spots. 31. HerMANnsEnI, f. 30, Dunker.—Breviter subpyramid- atus fusco-nigrescens, lineis fulvis cinctus, post columellam umbilicatus ; apertura oblique subexpansa, intus lirata.—The aperture of this dark little pyramidal species is oblique and somewhat patulous. 32. LInEATUS, f. 31, Costu.u—Oblongo-pyramidatus, lineis rubro-fuscis cinctus ; spira elongata, anfractibus convexius- culis ; apertura brevi, labio externo intus dentato-crenato.— The well-known West Indian species with red-brown lines. 33. succinctus, f. 42, A. Adams.—Quam P. lineatus brevior, lineis tenuioribus, anfractibus magis rotundis; spira breviori.—It is not easy to distinguish this from the last species, but it is a shorter shell, has thinner lines and a shorter spire. 34. cincuLatus, f. 39, A. Adams.—P. succincto similis ; anfractibus versus suturam late fusco fasciatis, spiraliter dense sulcatis.—A species belonging to the Chinese Seas, strongly resembling the above West Indian ones. It has a broad band of colour under the suture, and is closely spirally engraved. 176 PLANAXIS. 35. striatuLus, f. 18, Philippi.—Quam P. cingulatus magis pyramidata, spira brevior, magis rectilateralis.—This species forms a shorter and straighter pyramid than the last. 36. LINEOLATUS, f. 8, Gowld.—Breviter pyramidatus, dense striatus, rubro-lineatus, infra suturam late unifasciatus.— Probably the shortest of the lineated pyramidal little species. 37. stRIGATUS, f. 24 (by error), Hanley.—Bulbiformis sub- pyramidatus; spira acuminata, cerulea; ultimo anfractu tenuiter rubro-lineato, infra rotundo; labio externo incrassato. Small, thick, pyramidal above, and rounded below ; with lines on the lower, but not on the upper whorls. The above figure has unfortunately been taken from the wrong shell. 38. viraatus, f. 26, Smith.—Elevatim pyramidatus, ful- vus, lineis spiralibus rubris et concentricis pallidis ornatus ; spira acuminata, anfractibus rectilateralibus ; apertura subtri- gona.—Of a straight-sided pyramidal form, lightly crossed with reddish lines. 177 ALPHABETICAL INDEX TO PLANAXIS. Including Quoyta, Reel. abbreviatus, Pse. sp. 22, f. 41. acutus, Krauss, sp. 17, f. 35. acutus, Menke=nigritellus. ater, Pease, sp. 21, f. 40. atropurpureus, /vecl. sp. 15, f. bZ bedeiheracs Lamk. sp. 10, f. 15, 16. breviculus, Desh. sp. 3, f. 3. Brouni, Dnkr.=labiosus. buccinoides, Desh. =sulcatus. castaneus, Smith, sp. 9, f. 34. cingulatus. A. Ad. sp. 34, f. 39. crassispira, Smith, sp. 6, f. 14. decollatus, Gray, sp. 11, f. 2. eboreus, Smith, sp. 29, f. 27. encausticus, Smith, sp. 2, f.32. fulvus, A. Ad.=brasilianus. Hanleyi, Smith, sp. 19, f. 37. Hermannseni, Dnkr. sp. 31. fOr ineptus, Gld. sp. 25, f. 6. labiosus, A. Ad.-sp. 16, f. 25. lineatus, Costa, sp. 32, f. 51. lineolatus, Gild. sp. 36, f. 8. longispira, Smith, sp. 27, f. 9. Michandi, Or. and Fisch. sp. ee oe mollis, Sowb.=brasilianus. niger, Quoy, sp. 20, f. 38. nigritellus, Forbes, sp. 14, f. PAI nucleus, Lami. sp. 13, f. 20. obscarus, A. Ad. sp. 5, f. 33. obsoletus, Menke=nigritellus. pigra, Forbes=brasilianus. piliger, Phil. sp. 23, f. 19. planicostatus, Sowh. sp. 7, f. 12. plumbea, Pse.=labiosus. puncto-striatus, Smith, sp. 30, f, 28, 29. pyramidatus, Lamk. = sulea- tus. Savignyii, Desh. sp. 4, f. 4. semisulcatus, Sowb.—=nuclenus. similis, Smith, sp. 18, f. 36. striatulus, sp. 35, f. 18.— Philippi. strigatus, Hanl. sp. 37, f. 24. succinctus, A. Ad. sp. 33, f. 42. sulcatus, Born. sp. 1, f. 10, 11. suturalis, Smith, sp. 8, f. 15. tenuis, Smith, sp. 24, f. 5. undulatus. Lamk.=suleatus. variabilis, Smith, sp. 28, f. 22, 23. virgatus, Smith, sp. 38, f. 26. zonatus, A. Ad. sp. 26, f. 7. a 4 1 cog rh A L279 MONOGRAPH OF THE GENERA TRIDACNA ann HIPPOPUS. Prams) f.. TE TED. TV... Va: Vi: (Pl. 485-489*.) Testa bivalvis, unimusculosa, antice hians, ad marginem hiatis crenata, plerumque ovata, costis latis plusminusque squamatis radiata; squamis arcuatis, interdum magnis ; mar- gine ventrali dentato-undatis. Cardo dente approximato uno in utraque valva magno, remotis uno et duobus. Ligamentum marginale.—The one large adductor muscle is to be found at about two-thirds length from the posterior end, half way between the dorsal and ventral margins. The open lunule is for the passage of a strong byssus, by which the Tridacna fixes its shell to the rocks. All the shells are ribbed, and most of them have scales on the ribs, although when the shells attain a large growth these scales are often eroded, and in other cases their production is discontinued. Species. 1. aiaas, f. 11, Limncews.—Maxima ponderosa subovata subsequilateralis, costis radiantibus septem elevatis laevibus vel tenuissime laminatis; margine ventrali acute et profunde un- datim dentato, margine dorsali crassidentato, antice breviter et rotunde hianti vix crenato.—Neither the shells referred to by Lamarck, nor that figured in Reeve’s ‘ Iconica’ for 7’, gigas (probably mutica, Lamk.), will be found to agree with the Linnzan description, nor is there any reason to believe that either of them attains to gigantic dimensions. I have no means of knowing whether the gigantic specimens weighing over 500 lb., of the Museum Ulrice, or those used as bénitiers at the Eglise de St. Sulpice in Paris, do or do not show signs of having had scales; but [agree with Mr. Hanley in believing 180 TRIDACNA AND HIPPOPUS. that Linneus described his 7. gigas principally from shells and figures of the 7. sguamata, probably concluding that all Tridacne were of one species, and that the larger specimens had been denuded of their scales. Be that as it may, our figure 11 represents (in characters) four shells, two in the Royal Botanical Gardens, Regent’s Park, and two in the Natural History Museum at Kensington, the latter over three feet long, while weighing only 310 pound, as against the historical ‘500 pound, and ‘two feet across.’ These have very deep ribs, rather angular than round, and showing only on the ridges strong, sharp lines, which might possibly indicate the former existence of thin and close slightly projecting laminz, but certainly not of large and broad vaulted scales like those of the following species. 2. squamosa, f. 2, 7, 15, 17, Lamarck.—Magna subovata ventricosa subeequilateralis; costis rotundis squamatis leevibus ; concentrice leviter rugatis; margine postico crassidentato, margine anti¢o breviter hianti; squamis maximis fornicatis extantibus arcuatis, var. (7. serrifera) squamis costarum versus apicem subtrigonis, deinde obsoletis. — Although generally known under the above name, the shells described certainly belong to the Chama gigas of Linnzeus, with the Linnean description of which they agree. We think, how- ever, it would now create more confusion to transfer the name than to let it stand as it is, so as to retain the name of T. gigas for the largest species. I have seen specimens of T. sgquamosa rather more than a foot long. 3. mutica, f. 1, 12, sp. Lamk. (T. gigas, Rve., not Linn.). —Ovato-oblonga, flavida, antice oblique producta, breviter hians, margine hianti latissime incrassato, roseo; margine ventrali; costis quatuor ad quinque latis subdepressis, dense et tenuissime arcuatim squamatis.—The shells of gigantic size, figured and quoted for 7. yigas sp. 1, f. 11, show no signs of scales, and are not oblique. Their anterior side is, if anything, the shorter. The present species, on the contrary, is produced on the anterior side, and has very narrow scales towards the margin. It is described by Lamarck as having a small hiatus; and the specimen in the British Museum, from which our figure is taken, is very small in proportion to the size of the shell. Its margins are thick and broad, with pinky colouring. Lamarck’s specimen TRIDACNA AND HIPPOPUS. 18] is nearly 15 inches long, and that in the Museum nearly as large. 4. scapma, f. 16, Meusch. fid. Adams.—Ovato-elongata, flavida, radiatim leviter lirata, postice breviusculo, cuneato, antice oblique producto obtuso, latissime hians; costis 5-6 depressis, squamis tenuibus, angustis approximatis arcuatis ornatis; interstitiis valide sulcatis.—Figures in the Ene. Med. and Chemn. Conch. of this species, are referred to by Lamarck for 7. gigas, to which it does not belong. It is too ventricose and narrow, and not sufficiently cancellated to be referred to crocea or ferruginea. The Messrs. Adams have figured it in their ‘ Genera’ as Chamostrea scapha of Meusch. It has a very wide and long hiatus, with crenulated margins. 5. crock, f. 5, 6, 8, 9,10, Lamk.—Ovata obliqua, pallide aurantia vel ferruginea, liris radiantibus et rugis concentricis cancellata ; costis plus minusve depressis; latere antico pro- ducto, hiatu magno; margine postico obtuse cuneato vel rotundatim declivi; costis plus minusve depressis, squamatis ; squamis arcuatis angustis tenuibus, frequenter erosis.—Mr. Reeve separated the variety with less sloping posterior side, and more rusty colour, as 7’. ferruginea (f. 9), and also gave the name ‘ Cumingii’ to another very beautiful variety (f. 8, and perhaps f. 5), in which the ribs are a little more raised, while the scales, better preserved and broader, are well set off by the bright colour of the intervals between the ribs. 6. ELonaaTA, f. 3, 4, Lamarck.—Oblonga, antice pro- ducta, utrinque subacuminata, alba aut flavida costis 8-9 semirotundis leeviusculis; squamis subdistantibus fornicatis extantibus; interstitiis costarum angustiusculis radiatim liratis.—The distance and projection of the vaulted scales, the smoothness of the ribs, and narrowness of the strongly ridged interstices, distinguish all the specimens we have seen of this species from T. ferruginea, in our last plate (f. 16), and it is known from 7’. lanceolata, (f. 18) by other characters. 7. LANcEoLATA, f. 19, Sowerby.—Oblonga, acuminata, aurantia ; antice attenuatim producta, costis 7—8, medianis magnis, leviusculis; squamis subapproximatis, arcuatis bre- vibus, interstitiis leviter liratis ad marginem acute produc- tis.—The singular obliquity and attenuation of the anterior side, and the narrowness and comparative closeness of the Ss 7] 182 TRIDACNA AND HIPPOPUS. arched scales, give a character to this species as distinguished from the preceding. 8. rupIs, f. 13, 14, Reeve.—Ovato-gibbosa alba, antice subproducta, utrinque obtusa; costis magnis rotundis inter squamis valide liratis; squamis maximis arcuatis latis, later- aliter expansis ; interstitiis angustiusculis, rude liratis.—The surface is roughly ridged, both upon and between the ribs. The scales are large and saddle-like, extending at the sides so as nearly to touch each other. The shell besides is not so deep as 7. squamosa, and has a much wider opening. 183 PLEUROTOMARIA, Defrance. Puates I. II. Thes. pl. 491. Testa spiralis trochiformis, intus nacrea ; anfractu ultimo a margine aperture retro acute inciso ; anfractibus superio- ribus, incisure cicatrice spiraliter notatis. — Operculum corneum. The shells of this remarkable genus have all the characters of Trochus, being spiral and conical with pearly interiors. They have at the same time the very important exceptional character of an incision from the edge of the aperture back- wards; the cicatrix of the incision or slit appears in the upper whorls, and continues spirally downwards to the back- ward margin of the slit in the last whorl. In the growth of the shell this slit has been filled up in all the whorls succes- sively to within the required distance from the aperture. The successively filled up holes of the Haliotis are believed to be analogous to this. Also some of the Emarginule exhibit similarly filled-up openings. The microscopic Scissurella isa still closer example, but it does not belong to the pearly tribe. Species. 1. Quoyana, f. 5, 6, Fischer.—Subdepressa conica, pallide fulva, flammulis pallide rubris, oblique concentricis ornata, liris spiralibus et striis concentricis elevatis oblique decus- sata; anfractibus decem paulo planatis, ad suturam tumi- diusculis; apicalibus subattenuatim acuminatis; ultimo versus marginem basalem oblique angulato; disco basali subplanato levi subumbilicato ; fissure cicatrice planata ; apertura oblique quadrilaterali, fissura inframediana, angusta 184 PLEUROTOMARIA. breviuscula; columella superne rectiusculo deinde arcuata, oblique elongato: 38 alt. x 48 lat.; fiss. 20 x 14 mil,—The type specimen of this species, shown in Plate II., recently drawn, was found in a basket of lobsters, taken in the waters between Marie Galante and the Island of the Dominique, and was occupied by a hermit-crab. It was obtained for France by M. Bernardi, but passed through several French hands, till Mr. Damon, of Southampton, having acquired it, sold it to the late Mrs. De Burgh, of whose beautiful collection it still forms a part. It is the smallest of the four species now known. Its sculpture is exquisite. The part of the fissure remaining open is nearly a quarter of the circumference of the last whorl. The apex is gracefully acuminated and the suture is deep. 2. Bryricut, f. 7, 8, Hilgendorf.—Elevatim conica, pal- lide flavida, rubro flammulata solida ; anfractibus subdistanter liris planatim subnodosis spiraliter cinctis, leviter convexis ; sutura crenata, fascia cicatricosa inframediana ; disco basali sulecato, versus medium leevigato, medio profunde infundibu- lato; apertura subovata, columella crassa, nacrea rectiuscula infra arcuata cum margine basali aperture confluenti: 82 mil. alt. x 83 lat.—The incomplete state of the aperture pre- vents the fissure being accurately described, but from the band-mark it seems to have been broad, and from other appearances most likely to have been short. The centre of the basal disc has a funnel-shaped hollow which might be described as an umbilicus. The characters are seen in our figure, copied from Dr. E. von Marten’s ‘ Conchologische Mittheilungen.’ The unique specimen is from Japan. It is the next smallest in size to P. Quoyana, but much larger. 3. ADANSONIANA, f. 3, 4, Crosse, 1861.—Conica acuminata profunde umbilicata, pallide rosaceo-fulva, flammulis macu- lisque rubescentibus irregulariter picta; anfractibus 11-12 supra medium obtuse angulatis, spiraliter liris granulosis spiralibus, fascie basali magis conspicuis, et striis concentricis decussatis ; cicatrice fissuree supramediana, lata, tenuiter ar- cuatim striata; fissura lata elongata; apertura fere quadran- gulari, vivide nacrea; disco basali snbeonvexa: 74 alt. x 82 lat. ; fiss. 70x 2 mil.—The sculpture consists of numerous granulated spiral threads, crossed by oblique striz; it is stronger at the basal surface and under the suture of the PLEUROTOMARIA. 185 whorls. The walls are angulated obtusely above the middle, and the fissure-band upon the under side of it is still above the middle. It is wide, and so is the fissure itself, which occupies half of the last whorl in length. 4. Rumpun, f. 1, 2, Schepman.—Maxima subdepressa, concentrice leviter rugata (anfractibus superioribus valide), flavide carnea, flammulis rubris aurantiis et subpurpureis concentrice variegata, profunde umbilicata ; anfractibus con- vexiusculis supra medium subangulatis; cicatrice supra- mediana angustissima, elongatissima ; apertura oblique subquadrangulari, columella oblique curva, margine basali apertures confluenti: 170 alt.x190 lat.; fiss. 230 x 24 mil.— This fine shell is deeply umbilicated, has the whorls slightly angular above the middle, and has a supra- medial fissure, in these respects resembling P. Adansoniana, than which it is more than twice as large. While it is the largest, it is also the smoothest of the four species, the slight concentric wrinkles of the upper whorls becoming less distinct and almost lost in the lower. The fissure is narrow in proportion to the size of the shell, and in length occupies more than half the circumference of the last whorl. TRIGONIA, Braugwieére. Thes. pi, 492. Testa gsequivalvis subtrigona, intus vivide iridescente margaritacea, rosea argentea vel aurea; extus radiatim nodoso-costata, purpurea, vel rosea vel alba, epidermide tenui fusco induta. Cardo dentibus in valva dextra duobus divari- catis oblique serratis, in valva sinistra duobus duplicatis, divaricatis et serratis. Ligamentum externum. The two single serrated diverging teeth fitting into two double ones, and the pearly lining of the interior impart a singular beauty to the shells of Trigoniz; the former re- minding one a little of the Unio tribe generally, and the latter of Castalia in particular. They are, however, marine, and have strong radiating nodose ribs. Species. 1. Lamarcky, f, 1-4, Gray.—Ovato-subtrigona, purpurea, purpureo fasciata, vel aurantia; costis approximatis, dense moniliferis radiata ; latere postico declivi, anguste truncato. The smaller of the two best known species and more closely ribbed than the others. 2. untopHora, f. 9, 10, Gray.— Brevis subquadrata; pur- pureo fasciata vel alba; costis distantibus, subdistanter nodosis, ad aream posticam magis approximatis; area postica subquadrata, late truncata.x—Shorter from anterior to pos- terior side than 7’. Lamarckii, with the ribs more distant, and the posterior area more broad and square. 3. MARGARITACEA, f. 6, 7, Lamarck.—Oblique subovata subeompressa alta rosev-purpurea vel alba; distanter nodoso- 188 TRIGONIA. costata ; area postica lata, obtuse angulata; margine ventrali convexo.—Obliquely ovate, rather flat, nearly equal in height and depth; posterior area obtusely angular. The name was afterwards changed by Lamarck to T. pectinata. The following is probably different. 4. pusta, f. 5, Sowerby.—Subrhomboidea, subventricosa, extus fusco purpurea, distanter nodoso-costata; area postica subquadratim truncata margine dorsali subdeclivi; margine ventrali rectiusculo.—This and the preceding seem to differ in shape and proportions. The present being the more rhomboidal and the dorsal area more broadly truncated. It is now the commoner species and distinguished as such in the trade. It isa more gibbous shell than the true 7. marga- ritaced. 5. Srran@et, f. 8, A. Adams.—Subrotundata ventricosa ; area postica abbreviato subangulata; costis magnis confertis, nodis verruciformibus approximatis ornatis; margine ventrali convexissimo.—A rounded species, remarkable for the close, regular, wart-like tubercles on the ribs, A MONOGRAPH OF THE GENUS TURBO; Testa ovata, vel orbicularis, vel conica, interdum, umbili- cata, intus margaritacea. Operculum semper testaceum, diversiforme, plerumque crassum. Shell ovate, orbicular, or conical, sometimes umbilicated, pearly within. Operculum always shelly, varying in form, generally thick. The genus Turbo comprises all the species included by H. and A. Adams under the sub-families Turbinine and Astraliine, embracing Senectus, Sarmaticus, Lunella, Modelia, Prisogaster, Callopoma, Ninella, Collonia, Astralium, Stella, Guilfordia, Uvanilla, Pachypoma, Lithopoma, Pomaulax, Cookia and Bolma. It may be useful to retain these names to indicate the different sections of the genus, but the attempt to separate these sections as distinct genera can only be attended with insurmountable difficulties and anomalies. For instance, looking over the list in Adams’ ‘ Genera of Recent Mollusca’ of species of the genus Turbo, and of Senectus, I find no constant character by which they may be distinguished; in the latter some of the species are umbilicated, but not all; all the species are spirally ribbed or grooved, but 7. cornutus, which is classed as a Turbo, is also ribbed, and the young of 7’. cornutus, which Reeve has called 7. japonicus, is classed as Senectus. Again, some of the species of Astralium, Stella, Uvanilla, Pachypoma, &c., are interchangeable. For instance, I take T. rhodostoma and T. colwmellaris for one and the same species (7. hwmatragus, Menke), but in Adams they are placed in different genera. It might be thought desirable to confine the genus Turbo to the ovate and turbinated species, UU 190 TURBO. separating under another generic name all the species com- prised in Adams’s sub-family Astraliine ; but here it would be difficult to know in which genus to place such shells as 7’. celatus, T. tuber, T. rugosus, &e. The shells of Turbo may always be distinguished from those of Trochus by their shelly opercula, and not as they were formerly distinguished by their forms; so that many of the species (those of conical form) that have been called Trochz, are Turbos, and some few of those formerly called Turbos take their places in the genus Trochus on account of having horny opercula. Species. Section 1. Zwurbo. 1. cornutus, pl. i. f. 1, and xiii. f.78, Gmelin, Syst. Nat. p- 3593.—Testa turbinata, imperforata, tenuicula, fulvescens, epidermide olivacea induta; anfractus 7, convexi, spiraliter costati, oblique subtilissime laminati; anfractus ultimus squamis tubulosis grandibus erectis biordinatim armatus ; apertura subcircularis ; fauce argentea; peristoma simplex ; columelJa areuata, lata, depressa, albida, ad basin expansa, producta. Operculum extus albidum, convexum, funiculo spirali prominerte munitum, et tuberculis minutis rugosis undigue asperatum.— A well-known species, distinguished by its conspicuous double row of large erect scales or horns. In the Japanese specimens the upper whorls are strongly ribbed, without scales, which do not begin to appear generally until about the middle of the penultimate whorl, from whence they rapidly increase in size from small scales to large prominent horns. The more southern form (Philippines and Indian Ocean), which one would at first sight be tempted to con- sider a distinct species, is generally smaller, and has smaller and more numerous scales generally commencing nearer the apex. The shell figured in the ‘Conchologia Iconica’ (Reeve), pl. ix. f. 33 b, as 7. japonicus, of which I give a figure, pl. viii. f. 78, is a young shell of the Japanese form of T. cornutus, having attamed to an unusual size without commencing to be horned. Reeve’s other 7. japonicus is a distinct thing, and a Mauritian species, which I have named T. cernicus, species 19. TURBO. 191 2. MaRMoraTUS, pl. i. f. 4, and iv. 34, Gmelin, Linn. p. 3592, n. 15; Linnzeus, Syst. Nat. (12th edit.) p. 1134— olearius, Gmelin, Linn. n. 17—cochlus, Ginelin.—The largest species of the genus with the exception of 7. Jordani. The young shell has smooth rounded whorls, as figured on pl. iv. ; when fully developed the last whorl is surmounted by an ele- vated, rounded, generally more or less nodulous keel, and has usually one or two nodulous keels round the lower part. The specimen figured in Reeve’s ‘ Conchologia Iconica’ as 7’. imperialis appears to bea variety, or young specimen, of this species, and not the 7. imperialis of Gmelin, for which see pl. iv. f. 31. V7. marmoratus is very abundant in the Eastern Seas, and is commonly uncoated and polished, expos- ing the pearly nacre for ornamental purposes. 3. IMPERIALIS, pl. iv., f. 31, Gmelin, Syst. Nat. p. 3594— Regenfussi, Deshayes.—Testa ovato-conica, subventricosa, ponderosa, imperforata, viridis, rufo-fusco nebulata, lineis rufescentibus longitudinaliter strigata, interdum zonis an- gustis nigricante alboque articulatis spiraliter picta ; anfractus convexi, rotundati nune levi, nunc longitudinaliter rude striati; anfractus ultimus interdum superne leviter nodosus ; apertura ampla, subcircularis; peristoma simplex ; columella arcuata, ad basin vix effusa. Operculum circulare, crassum, extus valde convexum, ad latera sinistra incrassatum, ubique granulis minutis albidis notatum.—A fine species of very solid growth, generally exhibiting fine longitudinal reddish- brown slightly impressed linear streaks, but some specimens are coarsely and irregularly wrinkled.—Has. East coast of Madagascar. 4, pernoLatus, pl. v. f. 46, 47, Linneeus, Syst. Nat. (12th edit.), p. 1233 (genus Turbo).—Testa ovata, imper- forata, polita, rufescente-fulva, vel spadicea, vel viridula, fusco nebulata, fasciis interruptis nigro-fuscis spiraliter picta ; spira plus minusve elata ; anfractus 7, convexi; anfr. ultimus interdum superne depressus, inferne leviter productus ; aper- tura subeircularis ; columella arcuata, lutea; peristoma sim- plex; labrum luteo limbatum. Operculum extus politum, nitens, convexum, medio viridi, et ad margines castaneo et albo pictum.—A beautifully painted bright shining shell, varying both in form and marking; the two figures represent the most prevailing forms. Specimens occasionally occur 192 TURBO. with a spiral keel at the upper part of the body-whorl.— Has, Philippines, &c. 5. Reevi, pl. v. f. 48, Philippr; variabilis, Reeve non Grat.—Quam petholatus magis depressa, apertura amplior, columella alba.—-I have considerable hesitation in admitting this as a species. Some of the varieties of petholatus come so near that it is not always easy to distinguish them. (rateloup having given the name Turbo variabilis to a fossil species in 1828, Philippi has changed the name of Reeve’s variabilis to Reevit.—Has. Philippines, &c. 6, sMaraapus, pl. vi. f. 58, Martyn, Univ. Conch.; Gmelin, Syst. Nat. p. 3595.—Testa subglobosa, imperforata, exruleo-viridis, epidermide olivacea induta ; anfractus rotun- dati; apertura circularis, peristoma simplex; columella latiuscula, concava, Operculum extus convexum, minutis- sime granulatum, viridi.—A species of very simple form and character, in external appearance much like a Helix.—Has. New Zealand. 7. MAGNIFICUS, pl. vi. f. 59, Jonas, Zeitsch. Mal. 1844, p. 167.—Testa ventricoso-ovata, imperforata, viridula, fusco nigroque variegata et maculata; anfr. convexi, obscure sub- tilissime striati; spira acuta; anfr. ultimus superne leviter depressus deinde inflatus; apertura subcirculari; columella mediocriter lata leviter depressa.—A fine characteristic species, quite unlike any other. It is rare in collections.— Has. Bay of Sechura, Peru. 8. JourDANI, pl. vi. f. 62, and vii. 71, Kvener, Revue Zool. Soe. Cuy., 1839, p. 324.—Testa maxima, ovato-conica, imperforata, rubescente-fusca ; spira acutiuscula, mediocriter elevata; anfractus convexi, priores spiraliter costati; anfr. ultimus ventricosus, interdum obscure spiraliter sulcatus, plerumque longitudinaliter leviter -corrugatus; apertura ampla, subcireularis; labrum tenue; columella convexa, tenuiter effusa, superne callosa, inferne angulata.—The largest species of the genus, yet one of considerable rarity. One specimen in the British Museum, about six inches long, has the upper whorls prominently ribbed, and the last whorl encircled with about a dozen broad scarcely raised ribs; but a much larger specimen, about twelve inches long, recently in my possession, presented scarcely any trace of ribs on the last whorl— Has. New Holland. TURBO. 193 9. MILITARIS, pl. vil. f. 64, Reeve, Conch. Icon. sp. 40. —Testa conico-ovata, imperforata, tenuicula, subventricosa, rufescente-albida, maculis lineisque rufis nitide picta ; anfrac- tus superne declives, deinde rotundati; apertura subcircu- laris; columella latiuscula, ad basin vix angulata.—Allied to and possibly a variety of 7. imperialis. I have seen speci- mens with two or three tubular scales, like those of J. cornutus.—Has. Island of Annaa, on the reefs (Cuming). 10. ceporpEs, pl. vii. f. 65, H. A. Smith, Annals and Mag. of Nat. Hist., November 1880.—Testa anguste sed profunde perforata, ovato-conica, pallide fusca, viridi strigata alboque variegata. Anfractus 7, valde convexi, superne leviter depressi vel subexcavati, incrementi lineis conspicuis, irregularibus, sublamellosis ornati, striis spiralibus incon- spicuis et sulcis paucis superne sculpti. Apertura fere circularis, spira paulo brevior, intus dilute salmonea, mar- garitacea. Long. 80 millim., diam. max. 70; apertura 38 millim. longa.—(Smith). A very good and distinct species, somewhat allied to 7. imperialis, but distinguished among other characters by a deep and narrow umbilicus. The specimen at present unique is in the British Museum.— Locality unknown. Section 2. Senectus. 11. serosus, pl. i. f. 2, Gmelin, Syst. Nat. p. 3549.— Testa ovato-conica, inferne attenuata, imperforata, crassa, © albida, viridi et brunneo radiata, aut tessellata; spira acuta, sutura impressa; anfractus 6, convexi, oblique striati, spiraliter lirati; liris convexis, superantibus lira minore intermedia separatis; apertura subovata, fauce sulcata argentea; labrum plicatum ; columella crassa, parum arcuata, ad basin effusa. Operculum extus valde convexum, obscure granulosum, partim oblique striatum, album, interdum cas- taneo-tinctum.—A well-marked species which there is little danger of confounding with any other. The body whorl is large in proportion to the spire; the ribs are numerous and prominent, crossed by oblique strize, which in some specimens are almost obsolete.—Has. Lord Hood's Island, &c., South Pacific. 12. inTERcosTaLis, f. 9, 11, 14, 16, Menke—elegans, Philippi—radiatus, Reeve, non Ginelin—disjunctus, Anton 194 TURBO. —articulatus, Meeve—coneinnus, Philipp: — Ticaonicus, Reeve.—Testa ovato-conica, solidiuscula, profunde anguste umbilicata, lutea aut viridula, castaneo-fusco superne radiata, et basin versus spiraliter articulata; anfractus 6, convexi, parum angulati, liris valde inszequalibus numerosis rotundatis, plus minusve elevatis, leviusculis aut lamelloso-striatis cingulati; anfr. ultimus plus minusve descendens, sub- solutus; apertura subcircularis, fauce argentea; peristoma plicatum; columella attenuata, ad basin vix effusa, sub- plicata. Operculum circulare, crassum, extus albidum viridi tinctum, leviter granulosum.—Another species in which there is considerable variation both in form and style of painting. —Has. Indian Ocean. 13. rapiatus, pl. ii. f. 13, Gmelin, p. 3594, f. 19— Chemnitzianus, Reeve—spinosus, Kiener, non Gmelin— speciosus, Aiener, non Keeve.—Testa ovato-conica, imper- forata, albida, strigis parvis fuscesecentibus oblique undatis picta; anfractus 6, subangulati, priores 2, levigati, se- quentes medio carinati, et spiraliter lirati; ultimus longi- tudinaliter lamelloso striatus, spiraliter liratus; liris 2 medianis majoribus, squamis erectis spinosis asperatis 5; aper- tura subcireularis, fauce argentea; labrum tenue, parum plicatum ; columella arcuata, subdepressa, ad basin vix effusa. Operculum erassum, extus granulatum, pallide oli- vaceum.—A comparatively light species with the ribs closely scaled, and fine laminar ridges crossing the interstices. Two or three of the principal ribs are generally spinose.—Has. Gult of Suez, Red Sea. 14, roLracuus, pl. iii. f. 15, Philippt, Mon. pl. ii. f. 2, 3— laminiferus, Reeve, Conch. Icon. sp. 17; Homb. et Jacq. Voy. au Pédle Sud, Zool. t. v. p. 60, pl. xiv.—Testa ovato- conica, profunde umbilicata, viridula, nigro-fusco radiata ; spira conica, acuta, sutura canaliculata; anfractus 6, rotun- dati, spiraliter costati; costis interdum lira intermedia minuta separatis; interstitiis radiatim striatis; striis ele- vatis lamellosis supra liras erectis; apertura rotunde ovata, fauce argentea ; labrum plicatum; columella attenuata, ar- cuata, ad basin parum effusa. Operculum extus convexum, profunde umbilicatum, pallide tuseum, ferrugineo-bifascia- tum, squamis minutis confertis erectis pulcherrime asperatum, ad latera sinistra callosum, deinde carina complanata mar- ginatum.—An excellent species which there is no danger of TURBO. 195 confounding withany other. It is distinguished by the close succession of concentric lamine crossing the somewhat dis- tant ribs. Mr. Crouch has kindly lent me a specimen with an authentic operculum, unfortunately too late for figuring. The operculum is no less remarkable and beautiful than the shell—convex with a deep umbilicus near the centre, light brown with dark brown concen‘rie bands, exquisitely orna- mented with small erect close-set scales; left side thick, otherwise bordered by a flattenea keel.— Haz. Australian coasts. The operculated specimen, Port Walcot, North Australia (Capt. Beckett). 15. sprnosus, pl. ili. f. 17,18; also f. 32,63, 77, Chemnitz, Conch. Cab. vol. v. p. 204—tubereulatus, Aiener—tuber- culosus, Quoy—tumidulus, Reeve—nivosus, Reeve.—Testa ovato-elongata, aut ovata, imperforata, solidiuscula, viridula aut lutescens, castaneo plus minusve tincta et punctata; anfractus subangulati, liris numerosis seriatim plus minusve squamatis vel spinosis cingulati; apertura ovata aut sub- circularis, fauce argentea. Operculum subcirculare, crassum, extus elevatum, granulosum, ad peripheriam albo-ecerules- cens, medio pallide rufeseens.—A very variable species. F. 17 represents the typical form; f. 18, Quoy’s tuberculosus (tuberculatus, Kiener); f. 77, Reeve’s tumidulus; f. 32, Reeve’s nivosus ; f. 63 represents a comparatively smooth variety with an acute spire, and two brown and white articu- lated ribs at the base next the columella, which I had almost described as a distinct species ; but after carefully comparing it with other and intermediate forms I have decided to include it.—Has. Nicobar Islands, Mauritius, Ceylon, South Sea, New Caledonia, &e. 16. arayrostomus, pl. i. f. 10 and 12, Linnaeus, Syst. Nat. (12th edit.), p. 1236, 624—-var. margaritaceus, Linn., f. 12—argenteus, Chemnitz —princeps, Philippi— La- marckii, Philippi—earduus, Fischer.—Testa ovato-turbinata, lutescente-alba, aut viridis, fuseo plus minusve maculata et radiata; anfractus convexi, concentrice striati, costis numerosis validis, interdum conspicue squamatis cingulati; apertura ovata, inferne producta, fauce sulcata argentea; labrum plicatum; columella leviter arcuata, ad basin in- terdum effusa. Operculum extus valde convexum, virescens aut pallide castaneum, granulosum.—An extremely variable species ranging from the frondose shell described by 196 TURBO. Linneus, to the almost smooth form which represents the T. margaritaceus of the same author. After examining a large number of specimens, I can find no consistent characters by which to distinguish 7. murgaritaceus from 7. argyro- stomus. T'. argenteus, Ch., and princeps and Lamarcki of Philippi, seem to me to belong to the same species, the latter being a young shell. I cannot speak positively as to these last, not having seen the types ; but from the figures and descriptions they do not appear to present any specific dis- tinguishing characters.—Has. Eastern seas generally. 17. arteNsis, pl. i. f. 6,°Montrouzier, Journal de Con- chyliologie, vol. viii. 370; Souverbie, J. de C., series 3, vol. i. p. 274.—Testa ovato-ventricosa, imperforata, crassa, viridis, brunneo-viridique plus minusve leto variegata ; anfractus 6, rapide accrescentes, spiraliter costati (11 in ultimo anfractu, 5 in ceteris), costula minima interjacente, oblique et sublamellatim imbricato-striati; apertura rotundata, intus in fundo argentea, postea alba, distanter subsulcata; labro viridi marginato, acuto, subcrenulato; columella plano- concava, inferne dilatata, cum margine dextro angulum subrectum formante. Alt. et lat. 55 mill. (Souverbie). Oper- culum extus convexum, album, medio obsolete granulosum.— A remarkable species, which there is no danger of confound- ing with any other. The body-whorl is very large in pro- portion to the spire, and the mouth large; the spiral ribs are very regular, narrow, and rounded, with an intermediate ridge between each.—Has. Art Island, Caledonian Archipelago. 18. Lasonxarnt, pl. ii. f. 7, Deshayes (Delphinula), Mag. de Zool., 1839—ducealis, Philippi.—Testa ovata, umbilicata, crassa, albida viriditincta, strigis ferrugineis raris ornata; anfr. 6 convexi, undulatim irregulariter costati, et lirati; anfr. ultimus medio biangulatus, ad utrumque angulum squamis crassis albis tubulosis armatus ; apertura ovata, fauce argentea ; peristoma simplex, margine subplicato; columella arcuata, argentea, cum peristomate juncta, ad basin effusa ; umbilicus costa valida elevata interdum squamigera vel tuberculosa marginatus.—An easily recognised species; in some specimens the scales are so large and prominent as to remind one of 7. cornutus, from which species it is, how- ever, notably different in general character.—Has. New Zealand (Deshayes), Keeling Island (Darwin). At present not common. TURBO. 197 19. cirysostomus, pl. ii. f. 8, Linnewuws, Syst. Nat. (10th edit.), p. 762—echinatus, Gmelin.—Testa ovata, subperforata, solidiuscula, lutescente-alba, castaneo plus minusve tincta et marmorata, fammulis brunneis vel rufis interdum radiata ; anfractus 6, superne angulati, undique spiraliter costati; costis interdum creberrime squamatis; anfractus ultimus 2- vel 3-carinatus; squamis supra carinas erectis, fornicatis ; liris spiralibus circa umbilicum majoribus; apertura rotun- data, subcircularis, fauce aurea; labrum crenulatum; colu- mella inferne parum producta. Operculum extus convexum, nitens, partim oblique striatum, viridi, luteo et fusco nebulosum.—The common ‘Gold-mouth,’ distinguished apart from its general external characters by the gold colour of the interior.—Has. Amboina, Samoa, Tongatabu, New Caledonia, Philippines, and Indian Ocean generally. 20. CANALIcULaTUS, pl. iv. f. 30, Gmelin, Syst. Nat. p- 3594.—Testa ovato-conica, imperforata, viridi variegata, et nebulata, nigricante alboque hic illic marmorata ; anfrac- tus 6, liris numerosis approximatis planulatis spiraliter cingulati, lira media majore; anfractus ultimus obtuse angulatus, superne concavus, medio inflatus, inferne attenu- atus; apertura subovata, fauce argentea, sulcata; labrum superne angulatum ; columella vix arcuata, ad basin valde effusa. Operculum crassum, extus convexum, granosum, albidum carneo tinctum.—This species approaches very near to crassus, of which, notwithstanding the differences pointed out by Reeve, it may be a variety; but, as at present I am only acquainted with one specimen, it may provisionally rank as a species.—Has. Unknown. 21. cernicus, pl. iv. f. 29, Sowerby, Thes. Conch.— japonicus (part) Reeve, Conch. Icon. pl. viii. f. 23.—Testa ovato-conica, solida, subventricosa, imperforata, luteola, rufo-fusco longitudinaliter flammulata; spira acuta, elata ; anfractus superne declives, deinde convexi, undique minute oblique striati, costis planiusculis latis approximatis alternatim minoribus spiraliter cingulati; anfr. ultimus superne obtuse angulatus, supra angulum leviter depressus, vix canaliculatus ; apertura circularis; labrum acutum, plicatum; columella crassa, convexa, leviter arcuata, ad basin parum producta, longitudinaliter plicata. Operculum extus valde convexum, viridulum, rufo-fusco vivide suffusum, conspicue granulosum. —Reeve has given the name of Turbo japonicus to two a 198 TURBO. very different species. One I have identified with the young of 7. cornutus, which is a Japanese shell; the other is the species above described, which is not a Japanese but a Mauritian shell. The two species have little in common, and it is somewhat surprising that they should have been confounded.—Has. Mauritius (Robillard). 22. BicoLor, pl. iv. f. 33, Sowerby, Thes. Conch.—Testa ovato-conica, solidiuscula, imperforata, lutescente-alba, luteo- fusco late oblique radiata; spira acuta, mediocriter elata ; sutura anguste impressa ; anfractus 6, superne declives, deinde leviter angulati, undique concentrice minutissime striato- laminati, costis numerosis irregularibus fere parviusculis, ad basin majoribus spiraliter cingulati; apertura subcircularis ; peristoma simplex; columella arcuata, convexiuscula, ad basin vix effusa, longitudinaliter plicata. Operculum crassum, extus convexum, viridulum fusco-tinctum, granulosum.—In the only specimen I have met with of this species, the broad brown oblique rays are very clearly defined upon a whitish ground; the longitudinal striz form minute laminar ridges, the suture is narrowly impressed, not broadly channeled as in T. foliaceus.—HaB. —? 23. PULCHER, pl. iv. f. 38, Reeve, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1842, p. 185.—Testa conico-ovata, subperforata, luteo-spadicea et viridula, lineis nigricantibus undulatis longitudinaliter picta ; spira elata, acuta; anfractus superne concaviusculi, deinde convexi, spiraliter irregulariter lirati; liris numerosis, alter- natim miuoribus, interstitiisque subtilissime crispato-lami- natis; apertura subcircularis ; labrum crenulatum ; columella vix arcuata, attenuata, ad basin latiuscula. Operculum extus mediocriter convexum, peculiariter cristatum.—An easily recognised species, principally characterised by a crisply laminated surface, and dark longitudinal waved lines. The operculum is very like that of 7. sarmaticws.—Has. North Australia.—This species presents one of the difficulties of subdivision. Judged by the shell it is a Senectws, and by the operculum a Sarmuticus. 24, SpeNGLERIANUS, pl. iv. f. 39, Gmelin, Syst. Nat. p. 3595.—Testa ovata, imperforata, rosaceo-spadicea, maculis punctisque fuscescentibus nebulata, nitens; spira elata; sutura late et profunde canaliculata; anfractus rotundati, plerumque spiraliter suleati; apertura subcircularis.—A TURBO. 199 remarkable species with a shining surface, generally en- circled with narrow grooves, but sometimes plain. It is chiefly distinguished by the excavated sutural channel. Has. —? 25. SPARVERIUS, pl. i. f. 3, and viii. 81, Gmelin, Syst. Nat. p. 3594.—Testa ovato-conica, imperforata, solidiuscula, pallide fusca, nigricante-fusco tessellata ; anfractus 6, convexi, rotundati, spiraliter costati; costis numerosis latiusculis plano-convexis ; apertura subovata, inferne parum angulata, fauce sulcata, argentea; labrum crenulatum; columella arcuata, alba, ad basin incrassata et producta. Operculum extus valde convexum, leviusculum, virescens. —- Distin- guished from 7’. setosws by the comparative closeness and flatness of the ribs, together with the peculiar tessellated style of painting.—Has. Philippines, &e. 26. orassts, pl. i. f. 5, Wood, Index Test. Supp. pl. vi. 43 —canaliculatus Kiener, non Gmelin.—Testa ovata, imper- forata, solidiuscula, viridi et fusco variegata et tesseliata ; anfr. superne concayo-angulati, ad angulum obtuse carinati, spiraliter sulcati; apertura ovata, fauce argentea; labrum plicatum ; columella arcuata alba, ad basin valde incrassata et producta. Operculum extus convexum, granosum, albidum carneo-tinctum.—A well-marked species, easily identified by the accompanying figure.—Has. Port Essington, &e. 27. CASTANEUS, figs. 19, 20, 21, 27, 55, 66, and 76, Gmelin, p. 3595, No. 28—crenulatus, Chemnitz—hippo- castanum, Lamareck—virens, Anton—squamiger, Reeve— pustulatus, Aeeve-—Testa ovato-conica, imperforata, cas- tanea aut virescente-alba, viridi vel aurantio vel castaneo radiata et marmorata ; spira acuta, sutura anguste canalicu- lata ; anfractus 6, convexi, spiraliter lirati, liris ineequalibus nodosis, interdum squamosis ; apertura subcireularis. Oper- culum circulare, extus elevatum, carneolum, ad marginem leviter granosum.—aAnother very variable species, the different forms of which seem so distinct that the connection between them is only apparent upon the examination of a considerable number of specimens. F. 21, a shell of uniform chestnut colour, answers best to the name; f. 20 represents Anton’s virens; f.27, Reeve’s pustwlosus ; and 19, 55, and 56, Reeve’s squamiger.—Has. West Indies, Gulf of Mexico, &e. 200 TURBO. 28. gemMMatTus, pl. vi. f. 56, Reeve, Conch. Icon., sp. 62.—Testa ovata, rufescens; spira acutiuscula, sutura sub- profunde canaliculata; anfractus superne subangulati, deinde leviter convexi, nodulis parvis undique gemmati ; apertura ampliuscula, rotundata. 29. ExquisiTus, pl. vi. f. 61, Angas, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1878, p. 175.—Testa parva, turbinata, imperforata, pallide viridula vel carnea, rufo maculata et flammulata ; spira elata, gradata; anfractus circ. 5, biangulati, spiraliter scabroso lirati, superne complanati; apertura subquadrata; columella incrassata.—A charming little species, distinguished by the squareness of the whorls, and the delicate regularity of the finely scabrous ribs.—Has. Cape Solander, Botany Bay, Australia (Brazier). 30. TROCHOIDES, pl. vii. f. 67, Reeve, Conch. Icon., sp. 58. —Testa subpyramidali-ovata, perforata, luteo-albicante, olivaceo radiatim maculata, lineolis minutissimis aurantio fuscis oblique reticulatis picta ; anfractus biangulati, superne concavo-planati, ad angulum obsolete nodosi, ubique spirali- ter sulcatii—A somewhat remarkable species described from a specimen acquired by the British Museum from the col- lection of the late Mr. Taylor. In external appearance it is somewhat like a Littorina, and it approaches somewhat to the Gibbula section of Trochus. There isa strong probability of its being a Turbo, but the operculum being unknown, it is impossible to say with certainty.—Has. —-? 31. spEctosus, pl. viii. f. 74, Reeve, Conch. Icon., sp. 35.—Testa ovato-conica, vix umbilicata; luteola hic illic viridi tincta ; spira subelata; anfractus rotundati, liris pul- cherrime creberrime squamatis undique cingulati.—The ribs are more closely and finely scaled than in 7’. radiatus, &e.— Has. New Holland. 32. TURCICUS, pl. vili. f. 75, Reeve, Conch. Icon., sp. 60. —Testa subpyramidali-ovata, imperforata; spira elata, eradata; sutura excavata; anfractus spiraliter squamato- lirati, superne declives acute angulati, ad angulum erecto- squamati; apertura parva; labrum crenulatum. Operculum extus convexum, minute granulatum.—A species of remark- able form, rarely met with.— Has. Philippines (Cuming). TURBO. 201 33. HISTRIO, pl. viii. f. 79, Reeve, Conch. Icon., sp. 32.— Testa subglobosa, tumida, solidiuscula, imperforata, albida, castaneo lati-radiata ; spira abbreviata, sutura canaliculata ; anfractus convexi, spiraliter squamato-costati; anfr. ultimus tumidus, costis (cire. 8), erecto-squamosis, interstitiisque minute squamoso liratis cingulatus; apertura subcireularis ; columella arcnata subdepressa; labrum crenulatum.—A species of rather solid growth, of which the body-whorl is about twice the length of the spire, armed with strongly scaled ribs. 34. Latus, pl. xiii. f. 165, Philippi, Mon. p. 71, pl. xvii. f. 1.—Testa conoidea, imperforata, transversim cingulata, levi, carnea seu pallide fusca, ferrugineo et fusco maculata; cingulis in anfractu penultimo circa novem, alternis minoribus, tertio magis elevato, angulum prominentibus formante, basalibus parum elevatis, albo et nigro articulatis; area aurantia extus columellam cingente; apertura subcirculari, argentea. (Philippi.)—An excellent species, only known to me by the figure and diagnosis which I have copied from Philippi’s Monograph.—Has. East coast of Africa. 35. FERRUGINEDS, pl. xiii. f. 164, Anton; Philippi, p. 75, pl. xvi. f. 5.—Testa ovato-conoidea, perforata, transversim cingulata, lutea, flammis latis ferrugineis picta; anfractibus parum convexis ; cingulis transversis 6 in anfractu penultimo, quarto subnodoso, angulum distinctum formante, circa 14 in anfractu ultimo, octavo pariter angulum formante, valde elevatis, interstitia superantibus; striis incrementi regu- laribus validis; apertura circulari, basi aliquantulum pro- ducta, subsulcata. (Philippi.)—Another species, only known to me by the figure. 36. FiLosus, pl. xiii. f. 167, Fischer in Kiener, Species General. Turbo, pl. xiii. f. 2.—Testa umbilicata, ovato-conica ; spira acuta, sutura profunda; anfractibus 6, ad suturas sub- eanaliculati; priores transversim lirati, liris tenuiter gra- nulosis; ultimo liris spiralibus, numerosis, approximatis, granulosis cinctus, superne plano canaliculatus; apertura ovata, intus argentea; columella umbilicum partim tegens, inferne parum reflexa.—Color aurantiacus, inferne pallidior. Operculum extus album, convexum, minutissime granulosum. (Fischer.)—Has. —? Allied to 7. Caitlleti (Fischer and Bernardi), but probably distinct. 202 TURBO. 37. AURANTIUS, pl. xiii. f. 175, Fischer in Kiener, Species Gen. Turbo, pl. xxvii. f. 3.—Testa ovato-conoidea, solida, im- perforata ; anfractus 6, convexi, subcarinati, longitudinaliter striati, spiraliter lirati, liris inzequalibus, media majore, 7 in anfractu penultimo, circa 15 in ultimo; anfractus ultimus descendens, lira media tuberculis remotis in dorso anfractus munita subcarinatis; apertura ovata, fauce argentea ; columella alba, arcuata, ad basin expansa et plicata. Color luteo fulvescens. (Fischer.) 38. PARVULUS, pl. xiii. f. 153, Philippi, Zeitschr. fiir Malakoz. 1848, p. 189.—Testa parvula, ovato-conoidea, im- perforata, marmorata, varii coloris ; anfractus convexiusculi, cingulis parum elevatis, interstitia transversim striata, superantibus lviusculis, lineisque incrementi regulariter distantibus parum conspicuis sculpti; apertura ovata ; peristoma simplex; columella haud expansa.—Has. Liew Kiew Island. (Admiral Cecille.)—An interesting species, only known to me by figure and description. 39. CAILLETI, pl. xii. fig. 149, Fischer et Bernardi, Journal de Conchyliologie, 1859, p. 294.—T. testa perforata, conica, solida, rufa, punctis albis minutis notata; transversim costis validis et inter quas minoribus ornata, nitida; sutura impressa; anfractibus 5-6 convexis, rapide accrescentibus, ultimo permagno, reliquum testz superanti; costis 6, posticis sat elevatis, et sulcis minoribus obsoletis circa umbilicum munito; apertura ovata, transverse dilatata ; columella alba, incrassata, peristomate simplici, acuto. Oper- culum typicum. (F. et B.)—Has. Guadeloupe (M. Caillet).— The figure is copied from the ‘ Journal de Conchyliologie,’ the species being otherwise unknown to me. 40. QUADRISERIATUS, pl. xii. f. 139, Anton; Philippi Mon. p. 75, pl. xvii. f. 18.—T. testa ovato-conoidea, imper- forata, fusco-crocea, transversim striata, nodis obtusis cir- cumdata; seriebus nodosum tribus in anfractu penultimo, quatuor vel quinque in ultimo, primaad suturam sita, quarta angulum in anfractu ultimo formante; apertura circulari ; columella lata extus callo cireumdata, (Phil.)—Has. West Indies.—A remarkable little species, known to me only by the figure and description. TURBO. 203 Section 3. Ocana. 41. crparts, pl. iv. f. 55, and viii. 82, Gmelin, Syst. Nat. p. 3596—Delessertii, Aiener.—Testa suborbicularis, subumbilicata, rufo-fusca, maculis albidis radiata et zonata ; spira depressiuscula ; anfractus rotundati levi; apertura sub- circularis, intus argentea; peristoma simplex; columella concavo-effusa. Operculum extus albidum, late umbilicatum, umbilicum perspectivum, ubique spinis minutissimis aculeatis asperatum, costa lata subcentrali, et lira unica marginali munitum.—A very distinct Rotella-like species, allied in general appearance to 7’. natalensis, a ribbed species, of which it might have been considered a smooth variety; its oper- culum, however, is quite different, so that the two species have been placed in different genera._-Has. Cape of Good Hope. 42. crrcuLaRis, pl. iv. f. 37, Reeve, Conch. Icon. f. 46— Gruneri, Philippi.—tTesta suborbicularis, imperforata, al- bida, rosaceo-tusco alboque marmorata, spira breviuscula ; anfractus superne depressi, liris elevatis obtuse nodiferis alternatim majoribus cingulati; apertura subcircularis, columella arcuata, plano-concava.—A strongly ribbed species somewhat allied to 7. natalensis, but quite distinct.— Has. Swan River, Australia. Section 4. Sarmaticus. 43. sarmaticus, pl. v. f. 43, Linneus, Syst. Nat. (12th edit.), p. 1235—Sarmaticus classarius, Gray.—Testa sub- orbicularis, ventricosa, imperforata, aurantio-flavidula, nigro et fusco-rubro radiata et fasciata ; spira brevissima ; anfractus superne depressiusculi, deinde convexi, plus minusve spiraliter lirati ; anfractus ultimus plerumque conspicue triangulatus, plus minusve nodulosus; apertura expansa; Jabrum nigro- limbatum ; columella plano-expansa, ad basin effusa. Oper- culum extus album, tuberculis copiosis elevatis, conglomeratis peculiariter cristatum.—A well-known species, commonly uncoated and polished for ornamental purposes. It has a very peculiarly tufted operculum.—HaB. South Africa. 44, NATALENSIS, pl. v. f. 44, Reeve, Conch. Icon. sp. 1. —Testa orbicularis, depressiuscula, subumbilicata, nitida, 204 TURBO. olivacea vel viridula, rufo radiatim maculata et punctata ; anfractus 5 convexi, spiraliter costati; costis numerosis, rotundatis ; apertura subobliqua, rotundata. Operculum extus album, peculiariter cristatum.—In appearance some- what like 7. cidaris, but differing in being spirally ribbed, and in having an operculum like that of ZT. sarmaticus.— Has. South Africa. Section 5. Lwumella. 45. porcatus, pl. vi. f. 49, 50, Reeve, Conch. Icon., sp. 52.—Testa orbicularis, profunde umbilicata, viridis, rufo- olivaceo nitide marmorata; spira depressiuscula, sutura excavata; anfractus subangulati; costis elevatis rotundatis minute crenulatis (lira minuta interveniente), spiraliter cingulati; anfractus ultimus ad basin productus; apertura eircularis; labrum crenulatum; columella attenuata, ad basin producta, effusa. Operculum circulare, extus valide convexum viridula, minutissime granulatum.—Allied to Turbo mespilus, but distinguished by its strongly-ribbed growth.—Has. North Australia. 46. unpuLATus, pl. v. f. 42, Martyn, Univ. Conch.; Chemnitz, Conch. Cab.—Testa orbicularis, late et profunde umbilicata, albida, strigis caruleo-viridis undulatis longi- tudinaliter picta, epidermide olivacea induta; anfractus 5, superne subangulati, deinde rotundati, interdum spiraliter sulcati; apertura subcircularis; columella leviter depressa. Operculum extus convexum, albidum, medio obsolete gra- nulosum, ad peripheriam costa marginali munitum. ‘This species, like the last, varies from smooth to grooved or ribbed.—Has. New Zealaud. 47, MESPILUS, pl. v. f. 40, 41, 45, Gmelin, Syst. Nat. (13th edit.), p. 3601 — porphyrites, Gmelin —versicolor, Gmelin —lugubris, Kiener.—Testa suborbicularis, levigata vel spiraliter costata, vel sulcata, profunde umbilicata, viridula, olivaceo nebulosa et minute articulata, interdum fascia angusta lutea medio cingulata, interdum zonis angustis spiralibus viridi-articulatis picta ; spira depressa; anfractus convexi, vix angulati; anfr. ultimus inferne leviter pro- ductus; apertura circularis; peristoma simplex; columella planulata, ad basin effusa et producta. Operculum cireulare, extus valde convexum, nitens, partim albidum, partim TURBO. 205 viride, minutissime granulatum.—A very variable species. The smooth marbled form (fig. 45) represents T. porphyrites ; the ribbed form, with green articulated spots (fig. 40), Tf. versicolor; fig. 42 represents a ribbed shell of a plain reddish-brown colour. Another specimen I have before me is scarcely ribbed, but spirally striated, of a reddish-brown colour, with a conspicuous yellowish central zone.—Hap. Philippines, Australia, &e. 48. coronaTus, pl. v. figs. 51-54, Gmelin, Syst. Nat., p- 3594—vars. creniferus, Kiener—Hempritchi, Troschel —granulosus, Gmelin—lugubris, Reeve—modestus, Phil._— Testa globosa, interdum perforata, plerumque albida, viridi et fusco tincta, interdum rufo-fusca; spira plus minusve depressa ; anfractus circ. 5, superne levissime declives, spi- raliter nodulosi, plus minusve corrugati, nodulis vel squamis elevatis ad sutura coronati; anfractus ultimus plerumque biseriatim squamatus, inferne productus; apertura circularis, vel subquadrata; columella lata impressa. Operculum extus valde convexum, granulatum, lividum.—A very variable species, illustrating the futility of depending on any one character for the establishment of a species. Fig. 51 repre- sents the typical form, 52 Hempritchi, 53 lugubris, 54 creni- ferus. Some specimens are deeply and openly umbilicated, others slightly so, and others again have not the slightest indication thereof. Having examined a large number of specimens of different sizes, forms, and stages of growth, I am compelled to treat them as one species.—Has. Indian Ocean, Red Sea, China Sea, &e. Section 6. Modelia. 49. RUBICcUNDUS, pl. vii. f. 69, Chemnitz, 1803, 1804.— Testa orbicularis, imperforata, rubicunda, punctis albidis notata; spira abbreviata; anfractus rotundati, liris granu- latis undique spiraliter ornati; apertura subcircularis, fauce argentea, sulcata; columella tenuiter expansa, levissime con- cava. Operculum extus album, medio subgibbosum et minute granulatum, ad peripheriam subcanaliculatum.—A beautiful species profusely ornamented with beaded ridges.— Has. New Zealand. 50. aranosvs, pl. vii. f. 70, Martyn, Univ. Conch.—Differ- ing but little from 7’. rubicundus, excepting in its smaller ¥y 206 TURBO. size. The granules are larger, the upper whorls less rounded, and the body-whorl somewhat more ventricose. It is with some hesitation that I admit it as a species, but from the limited number of specimens I have seen I have not been able to connect it with certainty with 7. rwbicundus.—Has. New Zealand. 51. aurtata, pl. vii. f. 68, A. Adams, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1863.—Testa conica, obtecte umbilicata, carnea, aureo- tincta, guttulis rubidis conspersim depicta; spira elata; sutura profunde canaliculata; anfractus cire. 6-7, convexi, cingulis granorum moniliformibus subdistantibus instructi ; apertura oblique ovata; columella valde arcnata, latius- cula, tenuiter effusa. Operculum extus album, minute tuber- culatum, ad peripheriam subcanaliculatum.—A rare and remarkable species, with much the same sort of granulation as in 7. rubicundus, but of a conical form, and with a deeply excavated suture.—Has. Tatiyama (A. Adams). Section 7. Prisogaster. 52. niaur, pl. iv. f. 28, Gray, Beechy’s Voyage, p. 143.— Testa subglobosa, solida, nigra, spiraliter sulcata, longi- tudinaliter subtilissime striata; apertura subcircularis, intus argentea, sulcata; labrum nigro limbatum. Operculum crassum, extus convexum albidum, leviter granulosum.—A solid black species, having much the appearance of the common Periwinkle (Littorina littorea).—Has. Coast of Peru. Section 8. Callopoma. 58. saxosus, pl. iii. f. 24, 25, Wood, Index Test., Supp. pl. vi. f. 45—venustus, Philippi—Mitzchii, Anton.—Testa ovato-conica, solida, imperforata, viridis, fusco-variegata ; spira acuta; sutura impressa; anfractus 5, superne leviter concayi, priores medio carinati, ubique spiraliter lirati, con- centrice striato-lamellosi, prope suturam tuberculosi; anfr. ultimus plus minusve obscure biangulatus, interdum squamis erectis bi- aut tri-seriatim armatus; tuberculis suturalibus plus minusve elevatis; apertura subcircularis. Operculum circulare extus sordide album, elevatum, crassum, undique subtilissime granulatum, medio anguste umbilicatum, ad TURBO. 207 peripheriam costis 3-4 confertis serratis funiculatum.—This interesting species, which varies considerably as to its ribs, scales, and tubercles, belongs to Gray’s genus Callopoma (founded upon its remarkable operculum), of which only one other species is known. Adams quotes three species, but two of these, fluctuatwm and tessellatwm, are simply varieties of one.—Has. Panama. 54. FLucTUOSUS, f. 26, 36, 57, 80, Wood, Ind. Test., Supp. pl. vi. f. 44—fluctuatus, Reeve—Fokkesi, Jonas—assimilis, Kiener—saxosus var., Kiener—tessellatus, Kiener—solidus, Hanley—funiculatus, Philippi—Moltkianus, Reeve.—Testa ovato-conica, solidiuscula, subventricosa, imperforata, olivacea, lineis niveis viridi-umbratis longitudinaliter picta, interdum virescente alba, zonis spiralibus viridis brunneo-articulatis picta; anfractus 5 convexi, plerumque superne angulati, liris plano-obtusis hic illic fere evanidis cingulati; apertura cir- cularis ; columella lata, alba, longitudinaliter subcanaliculata, inferne producta. Operculum extus medio album et latera- liter virescens, costa lata alba spirali centrali, et liris 5-6 marginalibus virescentibus serratis munitum.—The type of Gray’s genus Callopoma, in which the operculum is very much like that of the preceding species. Here again several supposed species merge into one. Fig. 26 represents the typical form—f. 36, Kiener’s 7’. tessellatus—f. 80, Philippi’s funiculatus, which is much the same form as Hanley’s solidus—f,. 51 is another variety allied to tessellatus, but with the body-whorl regularly rounded, and of an unusual colour.—Has. West Coast of America. Section 9. Ninella. 55. TORQUATUS, pl. iii. f. 22, 23, Gmelin, Syst. Nat. p. 3597 —heteroclitus, AKiener—lamellosus, Broderip.—Testa orbi- cularis, plus minusve conica, vel depressiuscula, late et pro- funde umbilicata, olivacea et viridula, aut sordide alba; anfractus 6, plus minusve angulati vel rotundati, creberrime concentrice lamellati, spiraliter lirati, prope suturam nedulosi; apertura circularis ; peristoma simplex; columella alba, lata, ad basin canaliculata. Operculum extus album, minutissime granulosum, valide spiraliter bicostatum, et bicanaliculatum.— The variety named by Broderip /amellosus (of which a young specimen is figured, f. 22) is almost sufficiently distinct to rank as a species. The differences, however, are only of 208 TURBO. degree, and finding various intermediate forms, I am com- pelled to consider it only a variety—Has. West Australia, &e. Section 10. Bolma. 56. rugosus, pl. vi. f. 60, Linnews, Syst. Nat. (12th edit.) p. 1234—cumanensis, Valen. (genus Bolma, Aisso).—Testa globoso-conoidea, imperforata, sordide viridula; spira gradata, sutura impressa; anfractus plus minusve angulati, spiraliter scabroso lirati, superne plicis prominentibus coronati; apertura subcircularis, plus minusve obliqua ; labrum aurantio limba- tum; columella late expansa, conspicue rufo-aurantio tincta. Operculum crassum, extus rufo-aurantium, politum, costa lata rotundata spirali munitum.—This species is always easily recognised by the bright orange-red colour of the broadly expanded columella, and of the operculum. Adult specimens vary considerably in size, the smaller being usually very solid, and those attaining a larger size comparatively light. In quite young specimens the crown generally con- sists of erect spines.—Has. Mediterranean. 57. GYRILLUS, pl. vil. f. 73, Reeve (Trochus), Conch. Icon. sp. 53.—Testa conico-turbinata, imperforata, rosea; spira elata, acutiuscula ; sutura impressa; anfractus undique papillato-granati, superne concavo declives, deinde biangulati, ad angulos squamis peculiariter late expansis armati; basis subconvexa, in regione umbilicali callo tenuiter effuso aurantio induta; apertura suboblique ovata.—Very nearly allied to 7. modestus of the same author; the whorls are more squarely convex, and the scales larger and curiously expanded. Not having seen many specimens, I can only admit the species provisionally, as the differences dis- tinguishing it from the last named may or may not be constant.—Has. China. 58. Moprstus, pl. xii. f. 150, Reeve, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1842, Conch. Icon. sp. 56.—Allied to 7. gyrillus, but of a more slopingly conical form, and with the scales more pointed, not squarely expanded as in that species. Possibly 7. gyrillus may be considered a local variety of this species; but as far as I have seen, it seems sufficiently distinct to be separated. Both species are very rare, and the operculum seems to be unknown.—Has. Japan. TURBO. 209 Section 11. Collonia. 59. TRANSENNA, pl. xiii. f. 166, Watson, Moll. ‘Challenger Expedition,’ p. 714.—Testa suborbicularis, solida, imperfo- rata, alba, superne breviter conica, inferne oblique expansa ; anfractus cire. 6, rapide accrescentes, lineis angustis impressis oblique decussatim reticulati; sutura vix impressa; aper- tura subcircularis, obliqua, margaritacea ; peristoma simplex ; columella late effusa. Operculum planum perporcellanum. —A very remarkable species, which may be taken for the largest of the Collonia section. Only one specimen of it was found in the ‘ Challenger’ Expedition, in lat. 34° 7’ N., long. 138° 0’ W., Japan, 365 fathoms in mud. The sculpture is unlike that of any other species of the genus, consisting of narrow impressed intersecting lines which cross the whorls obliquely. The apex of the specimen is much eroded, and its whole aspect is that of an old worn shell. It was, however, taken with the animal, which has been well described by the Rey. R. Boog Watson. 60. InDUTUS, pl. xili. f. 168, Watson, Moll. ‘Challenger’ Expedition, p. 715.— Testa parva, imperforata, conoidea, elata, atba; anfractus 6, rapide accrescentes, convexiusculi, spiraliter minutissime striati, oblique filo-striati, sutura crenulata ; apertura obliqua, margaritacea ; labrum crassum ; columella arcuata vix effusa, leviter excavatum. Operculum tenue, complanatum, calcareum.—Has. Culebra Island, St. Thomas, Danish West Indies, 390 fathoms. 61. pyropus, pl. viii. f. 87, Reeve, Conch. Icon. sp. 61.— Testa subdepresso-ovata, imperforata, rubra; spira abbre- viata; anfractus convexi, rotundati, spiraliter striati; anfr. ultimus inflatus ; apertura ampla, circularis, obliqua ; labrum crassum ; columella leviter concava, vix expansa.—Next to the new Challenger species transenna, this is the largest of the Collonia section. Like others of the section it is of a deep red colour, of rather solid growth, with a somewhat oblique aperture. Its locality is unknown; and the specimen, at present unique, is in the British Museum. 62. sancuineus, pl. xii. f. 146, Limnewus, Syst. Nat. (12th edit.) p. 1235—Globulus roseus, Chemnitz—Turbo coceineus, Muhlf.—corallinus, Reeve—Collonia quantilla ? Gould.—Testa suborbicularis, imperforata, solida, sanguinea ; 210 TURBO. spira obtusa; sutura impressa; anfractus convexo declives, spiraliter conspicue suleati ; anfr. ultimus rotundatus inferne leviter compressus ; apertura oblique ovata labrum crassius- culum; columella callosa inferne minute uni-tuberculatum. Operculum complanatum, extus album, medio corrugatum. —Kasily distinguished from others of the group by its strong spiral grooves and uniform colour.—Has. Mediterranean. Specimens in the British Museum from Hakodadi, Japan. 63. MURREUS, pl. viii. f. 84, Reeve, Conch. Icon. sp. 54.— Testa minuta, suborbicularis, vix umbilicata, levigata, polita, alba, roseo nitide maculata.—A minute smooth shell, delicately spotted with rose colour.—Has. — ? 64. verruca, pl. viii. f. 86, Gould, Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist. vol. ii. p. 27—Collonia glariosa, Gould—Turbo san- guineus, Reeve, non Linn.—T. roseus, Philippi. —Testa parva, subglobosa, umbilicata, alba, maculis sanguineis in- terruptis cingulata; spira parviuscula; anfractus convexi, spiraliter lirati; apertura subcireularis, fauce sulcata.—A prettily spotted ribbed species, pormew Aut varying in form.— Has. Sandwich Islands. 65. MARGINATUS, pl. viii. f. 94, Nuttall?, Reeve, Conch. Icon. sp. 56.—Testa subovata, solida, imperforata, albida, livido-olivaceo tincta et maculata; spira brevis, acutiuscula ; anfractus convexi spiraliter minutissime sulcati; anfr. ulti- mus ventricosus; apertura parva oblique ovata; labrum crassum. Operculum extus politum crassiusculum.— A moderately large species of the Collonia group, thick, whitish, tinged and mottled with livid olive colour. It has a smooth appearance, but is finely spirally grooved through- out.—Has. Upper California. 66. amussiratus, pl. viii. f. 85, 92, 95, Gould (Turbo), Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist. 1861, vol. viiii—Collonia sanga- rensis, Schrenck— Collonia rubra A. Ad. MSS. ?—Testa ovata, imperforata, rufo-purpurea; spira tumida; sutura impressa; anfractus convexi, rotundati, spiraliter rugose striati, et costis irregularibus plus minusve nodulosis cingu- lati, lineis obliquis incisis sculpti ; apertura parviuscula, sub- circularis. Operculum subplanatum, extus album, minute granulosum, centro depressiusculo.—Has. Japan. 67. squamatus, pl. viii. f. 88, A. Adams, MSS. ?—Testa ovato-conica, tenuicula, imperforata, sordida ; spira acutius- TURBO. 211 cula; anfractus 5, superne concavo declives, deinde obtuse angulati, spiraliter lirati, utrinque spiraliter minute striati, et striis obliquis minutissime squamatis sculpti; anfr. ultimus ad peripheriam angulatus; apertura parviuscula, subcircu- laris.—Specimens in the British Museum with name by A. Adams, but he does not seem to have published any descrip- tion of the species.—Has, Unknown. 68. NocturNUs, pl. viii. f. 90, Gould, ‘ Otia, p. 160— Collonia variegata, A.Adams.—Testa parva, subovata, rubido- purpurea, interdum hie illic albo-strigata; spira tumida; anfractus rotundati, costis numerosis confertis glabratis spiraliter cingulati; anfr. ultimus ad peripheriam obtuse angulatus, costis infra angulum minoribus; apertura par- viuscula, subcireularis. Operculum subplanatum, extus albidum, minute granulosum, centro depressiusculo.—Has. Japan. 69. ARMILLATUS, pl. viii. f. 93 (reversed by error)—Collonia armillata, A. Adams, MSS. ?—Testa suborbicularis, imper- forata, albida, flammulis obliquis angustis rubro-fuscis or- nata ; spira depressiuscula ; anfractus rotundati, costis latius- culis, confertis subplanulatis spiraliter cingulati.— Has. Australia. Specimens in the British Museum with the above name by A. Adams, but he does not seem to have published any description of the species. 70. ELEvatus, pl. viii. f. 96, Souleyet, ‘Voyage de la Bonite,’ t. ii. p. 594, pl. 37, f. 15-19—propinquus, Hupé.— Testa ovato-conica, imperforata, cinereo-nigra; spira sub- acuta, elevata; anfractus 5, convexi, ad suturam parum excavati, sublevigati aut spiraliter et obsolete lirati; an- fractus ultimus reliquum teste superans, infra convexus ; apertura ovata, intus argentea; labrum nigrum; columella planata, depresso-concaviuscula. Operculum extus album, undoso-striatum, subumbilicatum.—Has. Chili. Specimen in the Paris Museum. 71. mAcuLosus, pl. xiii. f. 154, Pease, American Journal of Conchology, vol. iv. p. 91.—Testa parva, globosa, umbili- cata, nitida, tenuicula, concentrice irregulariter costata, in- terstitiis sulcatis, concavis, transversim subtilissime striata ; alba, costis maculis roseis distantibus maculata. (Pease.) Diam. 2, alt. 14 mill.—Has. Paumotus (Polynesia). 212 TURBO. 72. Fricki, pl. xiii. f. 155, Crosse, Journ. de Conch. 1865.—Testa anguste umbilicata, depresso-turbinata, cras- siuscula, albida, nigro plus minusve variegata; sutura subcrenulata ; anfractus 4, rapide accrescentes, spiraliter tenuissime striati et costis 2 validis, carinam formantibus cingulati; ad suturam subplani, deinde convexiusculi; anfr. ultimus tricostato-carinatus, ad basin plano-convexus, et spiraliter granulato-striatus; apertura rotundata, margine basali valide incrassato.—Has. California. 73. NANINUS, pl. xiii. f. 156, Sowverbie, Journ. de Conch. 1864—Collonia roseopunctata, Angas.—Testa minuta, um- bilicata, orbicularis, alba, punctis rosaceis notata; anfractus 4, rotundati, spiraliter minute costato-striati; apertura obliqua, subrotunda. Operculum extus album, profunde immersum.—Has. Caledonian Archipelago (Souverbie), 8. Australia (Angas). 74, RUBRICINOTUS, pl. xiii. f. 157, Mighels, Proc. Boston Soe. Nat. Hist. 1835—Collonia multistriata, Pease—Collonia rubrilineata, Pease.—Testa minutissima, imperforata, de- pressso-globosa, rosea sulcis tramsversis puniceis sculpta ; anfractus 4, convexiusculi; apertura suborbiculari.—A very minute species, with red transverse lines.—Has. Sandwich Islands. 75, SUPRAGRANOSDS, pl. xiii. f. 158—Trochus supragranosus, Smith, Linn. Soc. Journ. vol. xii. p.558, pl. xxx. f. 15.—Testa depresso-globosa, solida, anguste perforata, sordide alba, fusco radiata; spira depressiuscula; sutura impressa; an- fractus 5, convexi, liris spiralibus (versus apicem granosis) cincti; anfr. ultimus ventricosus, Jiris circiter 20, spiraliter cingulatus ; apertura circularis, intus margaritacea, tenuiter lirata; labrum crassum, margine acuto, album; columella arcuata superne levissime reflexa.a—Has. Solomon Islands (Brazier). 76. cicrr, pl. xiii. f. 159, Menke (Trochus); Philippi, Conch. Cab. Trochus, pl. xxix. f.24 ; Krauss, Sudafrikanische Mollusken, pl. 98.—Testa parvula, globoso-conoidea, sub- perforata, solida, cingulis elevatis sculpta, alba, punctis rufis in strigis longitudinalibus confluentibus picta; anfractus convexi ; ultimus rotundatus; apertura orbicularis, columella obliqua.—Has. Cape of Good Hope. TURBO. 213 77. PILLULA, pl. xiii. f. 160, Dunker (Liotia), Malakoz. Bl. vol. vi. p. 226—Cynisca japonica A. Ad.—Testa parva, ovata, umbilicata, albida, strigis rubro-fuscis picta; spira mediocriter elevata; sutura impressa; anfractus 5, convexi, spiraliter lirati, liris numerosis, subgranulosis; apertura subcireularis. Operculum extus valde convexum, albidum, granulosum, centro profunde umbilicato.—Has. Japan. 78. costuLosus, pl. xiii. f. 161, Sowerby — costulatus, Gould—letus, Montrouzier—Collonia leta, Adams and Angas.—Testa parva, globosa, umbilicata, albida, vel luteola rufo-maculata et radiata; spira depressiuscula, sutura vix impressa ; anfractus spiraliter lirati, liris numerosis, alter- natim minoribus; apertura subcircularis ; peristoma crassa.— In sculpture much like the preceding, but of a more de- pressed form. The names costulatus and letus being used for other species, I am obliged to alter the construction of Gould’s name.—Has. New Caledonia, New Hebrides, &c. 79. canpipus, pl. xiii. f. 162, Pease (Collonia).—Testa minuta, umbilicata, depresse orbicularis, alba; anfractus 5, convexi, spiraliter striati; apertura oblique ovata.—Has. Polynesia. A minute white shell of depressed form. 80. muNbUs, pl. xiii. f. 163, H. Adams (Collonia), Proc. Zool. Soc. 1873, p. 206, pl. xxiii. f. 6. —Testa minima, profunde umbilicata, suborbicularis, alba ; spira depressiuscula ; sutura crenulata ; anfractus 4, superne leviter concavi, deinde lirati ; anfr. ultimus biangulatus, spiraliter valide 5-costatus, ubi- que subgranoso-striatus ; apertura obliqua; labrum crassum. —Has. Persian Gulf. 81. CunNINGHAMI, pl. xiii, f. 170, Smzth (Collonia), Proc. Zool. Soc. 1881, p. 33, pl. iv. f. 10.—Testa parva, subglobosa, imperforata, rosea; anfractus 4} convexi, spiraliter sub- tilissime striati; sutura impressa; anfractus ultimus inferne leviter complanatus; apertura oblique subcircularis, intus iridescens; columella margaritacea. Operculum extus albidum, complanatum.—A little dark rose-coloured shell, very finely striated.—Has. Wolsey Anchorage, 17 fathoms, Patagonia (Survey of H.M.S. ‘ Alert ’). 82. BACULA, pl. xiii. f. 173, Carpenter (Leptothyra).— Testa parva, suborbicularis, imperforata, solidiuscula, nigro- fusca; spira obtusa; sutura impressa; anfractus 5, convexi, Z 2 214 TURBO. spiraliter sulcati; apertura oblique ovata.—A little dark brown shell with distinct spiral grooves.—Has. California. 83. MARMOREUS, pl. xiii. f. 171, Pease ?—Testa minuta, ovata, imperforata, alba, pallide fusco-marmorata; spira parva; anfractus convexo-declives; ultimus leviter elevatus, infra medium obtuse angulatus; apertura oblique ovata.— Has. Sandwich Islands? I find the species with the above name in the British Museum, but I have not been able to find the original description. 84, EXILIs, pl. xiii. f. 174, Philippr, Conch. Cab. p. 66, pl. xv. f. 6.—Testa minuta, suborbicularis, umbilicata, pur- purea, regione umbilici alba; anfractus convexi, spiraliter sulcati ; sulcis minutissime crenatis, in anfr. ultimo cire. 12. —Has. —? 85. pusio, pl. xii. f. 140, Anton, in Philippi, Conch. Cab. p. 71, pl. xvi. f. 10.—Testa minima, globoso-conoidea, anguste umbilicata, flavescente, fusco-maculata et punctata; anfr. convexi, spiraliter striati; anfr. ultimus ventricosus, costa latiuscula elevata crenata umbilicum cingente munitus ; apertura subcircularis. 86. CALIFoRNICUS, pl. xii. f. 147, Troschel, in Berlin Museum.—Testa parva, perforata, globoso-conoidea, solidis- sima, alba, puniceo-variegata ; anfractus 4, convexi, spiraliter confertissime striati; anfr. ultimus ventricosus, obsolete costatus; apertura circularis; labrum crassum, intus dense crenulatum.—A very solid species, white, variegated with light red, very closely striated, interior densely crenulated.— Has. California. Section 12. Astraliwm, and Calcar. 87. HELIOTROPIUM, pl. xi. f. 128, Martyn (Trochus)— Trochus solaris imperialis, Chemnitz, Conch. Cab. p. 135— Trochus imperialis, Reeve. — Testa abbreviato-conoidea, ampliter umbilicata, purpureo-cinerea, ubique transversim oblique squamoso-lirata ; anfractus circiter 6, superne convexi, inferne leviter concavi, acutimarginati, ad marginem squamis magnis planulatis radiati; basis convexiuscula, imbricato- quadricostata ; apertura obliqua; labrum tenue. Operculum ovale, extus leviter convexum, albidum vel flavescente, poli- 1m, costa spirali fere obsoleta munitum.—A fine bold TURBO. 215 handsome species, so different from any other that it needs little in the way of description, but may be recognised by a glance at the accompanying figure.—Has. New Zealand. 88. LONGISPINA, pl. xi. f. 131, 132, Lamarck (Trochus), Anim. sans Vert. vol. ix. p. 122—Trochus solaris India, Chemnitz —Calear majus, Chemnitz —Trochus heliaceus, Philippi—T. inermis, Gmelin—T. aster, Philippi—T. armatus, Philippi.—Testa depresse conoidea, anguste pro- funde umbilicata, aureo-ferruginea; anfractus circ. 6, su- perne lvissime convexi, inferne concaviusculi, acutimar- ginati, ubique rugis squamatis crenulatis promiscue sculpti, ad marginem squamis subnumerosis (in anfr. ult. cire. 13) planatis acutiusculis radiati; basis convexa, circulariter tri- lirata, radiatim dense striato lamellata. Operculum ovale, extus album, crassum, obsolete granosum, ad marginem excavatum.—A very pretty species, of a flattish form, with the margin ornamented with largish flattened scales; the whole surface is irregularly crisply scaled.— Has. West Indies. 89. costTuLATUS, pl. xi. f. 130, Lamarck, Anim. sans Vert. vol. ix. p. 127.—Testa sublate conica, obtecte umbilicata, aureo-ferruginea aut fulvescens; anfractus convexo declives, superne rugoso plicati, deinde obscure spiraliter costati, oblique lamelloso striati, ad marginem squamis numerosis breviusculis acutis planulatis radiati; basis convexa, radiatim dense striati-lamellata, circulariter obscure quadrilirata.— Nearly allied to longispina, but more conical, with umbilicus closed, and marginal scales smaller and more numerous.— Has. West Indies. 90. BREVISPINA, pl. xii. f. 138, Lamarck (Trochus)—auri- pigmentum, Jonas—Uvanilla brevispina, Chemnitz—Calear brevispina, Fischer.—Testa abbreviato-conoidea, imperforata, lutea et virente, albo minute teniata; anfractus cire. 7,. planato declives, spiraliter seriatim granulati, striis obliquis plus minusve rugosis sculpti, acutimarginati, ad marginem squamis brevibus planatis acutis radiati; basis levissime convexa, radiatim dense lamellato-striata, circulariter obscure lirata, callo centrali aureo-rufo; apertura obliqua, infra angulata. Operculum ovale, extus albidum, unicostatum, granoso-striatum.—More regularly conical than the last 216 TURBO. species, with the marginal scales less numerous. The golden or orange-red callosity is characteristic.—Has. Panama. 91. oricHaLcrts, pl. xii. f. 143, Koch (Trochus), Zeitsch. f. Malakoz, 1848, page 110; Philippi, Conch. Cab. 360, pl. xli. f. 2.— Testa depresso-conoidea, imperforata, apice retusa, aureo-fulva; anfractus priores complanati, deinde concavo declives, superne oblique costati, deinde spiraliter aculeati, inferne acute marginati, ad marginem spinis nu- merosis (in anfr. ult. circ. 18) aculeatis compressis radiati ; basis convexa, circulariter 5-6-costata, radiatim dense striato-lamellata. 92. LATISPINA, pl. xii. f. 137, Philippi (Trochus), Abbild. et Beschr. Conch. vol. i. p. 92, pl. iiii—Trochus latispina, Reeve, Conch. Icon. sp. 40.—Testa abbreviato-conoidea, obtecte-umbilicata, cinereo-fusea, czruleo-olivaceo et albo lentiginosa; anfractus planato - declives, acutimarginati, granis oblique productis seriatim aspersi, ad marginem squamis brevibus acutis radiati; basis leviter convexa, radiatim lamellato-striata, circulariter valide quinquelirata ; apertura obliqua, angulata. Operculum ovale, extus album, levigatum, arcuatim et late unicostatum.— Has. West Indies, Rio Janeiro, &e. 93. STELLARIS, pl. xi. f. 126, @melin—Trochus stellaris, Lamarck, Reeve, Conch. Icon. sp. 47.—Testa late conoidea, crassa, imperforata, spadicea; anfractus concavo-declives, oblique corrugato lirati, ad marginem squamis magnis subfimbriatis radiati; basis convexa, circulariter dense im- bricato-lirata ; apertura rotunde ovata; columella crassa, argentea. Operculum crassum, extus albidum, obsolete granosum.—A shell of much more solid growth than 7. longispina, costulatus, &c., with thicker marginal scales.— Has. South Sea, New Caledonia, &e. 94, CuEmnirzil, pl. xi. f. 127, Valenciennes, ‘ Voy. de la Venus,’ pl. ii. f. 1—Trochus asteriseus, Reeve, Conch. Icon. sp. 44.—Testa conica, sub-elata, imperforata, albida aut flavescente spadicea; anfractus planato-declives, oblique leviter rugati, ad marginem squamis magnis fornicatis radiati; basis levissime convexa, circulariter dense lirata, callo centrali interdum roseo, interdum ceruleo munita; apertura oblique ovata, peristoma simplex. Operculum oblongum, extus TURBO. 2t7 valde convexum, ceruleo-tinctum.—A shell of regularly conical form, with large arched scales at the margin, and a rose or bluish green callosity adjoining the columella.—Has. Port Essington, Australia. 95, ROTULARIS, pl. ix. f. 129, Lamarck—Trochus rotularis, Reeve, Conch. Icon. sp. 48.—Testa late conoidea, crassa, imperforata, spadicea, aut calcareo-alba, virescente pallide tincta; anfractus concavo-declives, subcorrugati, ad mar- ginem squamis numerosis radiatim compressis peculiariter quadrato truncatis ornati; basis convexa, circulariter dense imbricato-lirata ; apertura oblique ovata; columella crassa. —A very remarkable and easily recognised species, chiefly characterised by the peculiar squarely truncated character of the marginal scales—Has. Australia. 96. FIMBRIATUS, pl. x. f. 123, Lamarck (Trochus)—Trochus fimbriatus, Reeve, Conch. Icon. sp. 49—pileolum, Reeve— confragosus, Gould.—Testa subdepresse conoidea, imper- forata, calcareo-alba; anfractus plano- vel concavo-declives, obscure corrugato striati, ad marginem expanso fimbriati ; basis leviter convexa, circulariter imbricato lirata. Operculum ovale, extus album, valde convexum.—A depressly conical white shell with a broadly frilled margin.—Has. Australia. 97. squamirerts, pl. x. f. 124, Koch, in Philippi, Abbild. und Beschr. Conch. pl. iv. f. 9—Trochus fimbriatus var., Philippi.Testa late conoidea, imperforata, flavescente- alba; anfractus superne convexi, inferne concaviusculi, ubique obscure plicato-corrugati, spiraliter liris creberrimis submuricatis sculpti, ad marginem planato fimbriati; basis levissime convexa, circulariter squamato-lirata callo cen- trali subexcavato. Operculum ovale, extus album, valde con- vexum.—Allied to 7. fimbriatus, but distinct. The whorls are more tumid, more regularly and closely sculptured, the marginal frill is flatter and not so broadly expanded, and the central callosity of the base is depressed almost into an umbilicus.—Has. Australia. 98. sprnuLosvs, pl. xii. f. 136, Lamarck (Trochus), vol. ix. p- 127—Trochus spinulosus, Reeve, Conch. Icon. sp. 55.— Testa late conoidea, lutescente spadicea, imperforata; an- fractus convexo-declives, oblique rude granoso-corrugati, ad marginem muricato squamati; anfr. ultimus ad marginem 218 TURBO. tuberculis spiniformibus erectis biseriatim armatus; basis convexiuscula, dense squamato-lirata ; apertura parva ; peri- stoma biangulata; columella effusa.—The shell has been inadvertently figured with an operculum (probably of 7. cidaris) which evidently does not belong to it. It was so placed in the British Museum from the Cumingian collection, hence the error.—Has. Philippines (Cuming). 99. acuLEatus, pl. x. f. 122, and xiii. 136, Gmelin (Trochus), Syst. Nat. ed. xiii. p. 3600, no. 48—helicinus, Gmelin—ealear, Linn.—asperatus, Lamarck—stella, La- marck—Spenglerianus, Chemnitz ?—Testa subgloboso conoi- dea, solidula, plus minusve depressa, imperforata, luteola ; anfractus cire. 7, plerumque convexiusculi, interdum concavi, oblique rugoso corrugati, ad marginem squamis plus minusve ramosis radiati; basis convexa, costis 2 conspicuis muricato- squamosis versus marginem cincta, deinde minute muricato lirata ; apertura plerumque aureo tincta. Operculum ovale, extus virescens, medio convexum, ad peripheriam attenuatum. —A very variable species, with spined margin, spines some- times sharp, sometimes ramose. The shell is sometimes tumidly elevated, sometimes depressed; the mouth is generally tinged with yellow. Subsection Pachypoma. 100. caLatus, pl. ix. f. 99, Chemnitz (Trochus), Conch. Cab. vol. v. p. 33, pl. clxiii—Testa obeso-conica, infra con- vexa, imperforata, flavescente lactea, hic illic viridi varie- gata; spira tumida, sutura impressa; anfractus circiter 7, superne leviter concavi, oblique imbricato plicati, inferne obtuse angulati, muricato-squamati; basis valide imbricato- costata; apertura rotunde ovata, obliqua. Operculum ovale, extus albidum, valde convexum, granosum.—A fine species, approaching rather more nearly to the typical form of Turbo than others of the group, the margin being not so pronounced and angular, and the base more convex.—Has. West Indies. 101. AMERICANUS, pl. ix. f. 98, Gmelin, Syst. Nat. 3581 ; Chemnitz, Conch. Cab. vol. v. p. 33, pl. clxii.—plicato- nodosus, Chemnitz.—Testa subpyramidali-conica, infra leviter planata, imperforata, albida; anfractus circiter 8, declives, leviter concavi, longitudinaliter corrugato-lirati, ad marginem TURBO. 219 turgidi, rotundati; basis granoso-lirata, callo centrali albo ; apertura oblique ovata; labrum crenulatum; columella oblique arcuata. Operculum oblongum, extus album, con- vexum, granosum, ad marginem attenuatum.—Distinguished by the regular succession of wrinkled ridges and the turgidly rounded margin of the whorls.—Has. Florida. 102. mpricatus, f. 97, 107, 115, 116, 133, Gmelin, Syst. Nat. p. 3581—Trochus corolla, Reeve—Olfersi, T'roschel— saxosus, Philippi—laciniatus ?—Testa conica, infra planata, imperforata, albida, carneo- vel fusco-tincta; anfractus cir- citer 8, superne convexiusculi, deinde plerumque leviter concavi, inferne acutimarginati, costis validis angustis plus minusve squamatis interdum medio interruptis infra mar- ginem productis longitudinaliter ornati; basis rugoso-striata ; apertura ovata; columella crassa, valde arcuata; labrum crenulatum. Operculum ovale, extus album, valde con- vexum, obsolete granulosum, ad peripheriam attenuatum.— A conical species, with very prominent descending ribs over- lapping the basal margin. Reeve’s Trochus corolla (pl. xii. f. 133) is a variety of this species of more pyramidal form than the type. Figs. 97 and 115, taken from shells in the British Museum, I have more hesitation in including, the whorls being more convex, and the base rather ventricose, still they are probably only somewhat abnormal forms of the same species. Fig. 116 represents Philippi’s 7. sawosus. —Has. West Indies. 103. HZMATRAGUS, pl. ix. f. 102, 103, 106, 110, Menke— var. rhodostoma, Lamarck—var. columeliaris, Philippi.— Testa conica, albida, infra planata, imperforata; antractus circiter 7, planato-declives, plicato-corrugati, ad marginem spinoso-squamati ; basis circulariter dense imbricato-costata, callo centrali purpureo-roseo. Operculum ovale extus valde cohvexum, purpureum vel roseum, obscure malleatum, ob- solete late unicostatum, ad peripheriam attenuatum.—A variable species of conical form, more or less roughly ribbed, spined or sealed at the margin, and characterised by a red or purple callosity in the umbilical region, and an operculum of the same colour. In f. 103 the marginal scales are blunt and tubular, forming a single row overlapping the basal angle. Fig. 102 represents T’rochus rhodostoma of Lamarck, according to Reeve (Conch. Icon. sp. 32), in which the mar- ginal scales are sharp and divided into two rows. Fig. 106 is 220 TURBO. a neat form, very regularly conical, with more delicate and regular sculpture, and two rows of small regular scales at the margin. Fig. 110 is a young shell which has been mistaken for T. aculeatus of Reeve. 104. TruBEROSUS, pl.ix.f. 104, Philippi (Trochus)—petrosus, Martyn, Abbild. und Besch. Conch. vol. i. p. 62, pl. ii.— Testa subobtuse conica, spadiceo-alba, infra leviter convexa, imperforata ; anfr. circ. 6, convexo-declives, plicato-corru- gati, inferne angulati, plerumque squamis brevibus aculeatis biseriatim armati; basis circulariter squamato-lirati, callo centrali albo, vel purpureo; apertura subcircularis, argentea ; columella arcuata, ad basin uniplicata; labrum crenulatum. Operculum extus album vel purpureo tinctum, obscure mal- leatum, tumidum, ad peripheriam attenuatum.—Nearly allied to T. hematragus, of which it may possibly be considered a variety, but distinguished by its more obtuse form, and the comparative smallness and closeness of the scales. Our specimen has a white callosity, but in other respects it is identical with the type, in which the callosity is reddish purple as in 7. hematragus. 105. PAPILLATUS, pl. ix. f. 101, 109, Potiez and Michaud (Trochus), Galér. des Moll. du Musée de Douai, t. i. p. 337, pl. xxx. f. 10, 11.—Testa imperforata, conica, elevata, viridi olivaceo obscure zonata; spira acuta; anfractus 7, sub- planulati, medio parum excavati, tenerrime et oblique striati, radiatim costulati; costis albis, obliquis, superne vix promi- nentibus, ad margines tuberculosis ; anfr. ultimus carinatus, tubercnlis marginalibus 14 munitus, inferne convexiusculus, radiatim striatus, liris concentricis 5, subnodulosis approxi- matis munitus; apertura transversa; columella arcuata, inferne bituberculata; area umbilicali funiculo plicato mar- ginata. Operculum extus album, granulosum, costa mediana spirali munitum, umbilico excavato.—Has. Antilles. 106. PpaGopuLts, pl. ix. f. 100, Sowerby—Trochus aculea- tus, Reeve, Conch. Icon. sp. 62.—Testa conica, imperforata, aurantio-spadicea ; anfractus concavo-declives, oblique cor- rugato-plicati, inferne acutangulati, ad angulum squamis muricatis erectis armati; basis convexiuscula, circulariter squamato-bilirata; apertura angulata.—A neat little conical species of an orange colour, with the basal margin of the whorls prickly-scaled. The name given to the species by TURBO. 221 Reeve (aculeatus) was pre-occupied by Gmelin. See species 107. sTELLATUS, pl. ix. f. 113, Gmelin, Syst. Nat. p. 3600 —Trochus stellatus, Philippi, Mon. pl. xxi. f. 4; Reeve, Conch. Icon. sp. 64—Calcar semicostatum, /vener.—Testa elato- conica, albida, vel olivaceo-viridis, infra planata, imperforata ; anfractus circ. 7, planato-declives, planato-corrugati, ad mar- ginem squamato-tuberculati; basis circulariter dense confertim squamato-striata, callo centrali pallide czruleo. Operculum extus elevatum, obsolete granulatum, album, czruleo margi- natum.—Of a more elevated pyramidal form than most of the species of the group, longitudinally irregularly wrinkled, and armed with numerous short scales at the basal margin. —Has. Indian Ocean. 108. cuBants, pl. ix. f. 108, Philippi (Trochus), Zeitschr. fir Malac. 1848, p. 104.—Testa conica, spadiceo-alba, infra planata, imperforata; anfractus 7, planato-declives, superne nodoso plicati, deinde obsolete corrugato striati, inferne acutanguli, ad angulum squamis occlusis digitatis declivibus radiati; basis sparsim granata, in regione umbilicali callosa ; apertura angulata ; columella obliqua, argentea. Operculum extus album, granulosum, costa arcuata utrinque canaliculata munitum.—Has. West Indies and Central America. 109. BARBELIS, pl. ix. f. 105, Fischer, Journ. de Conch. p- 205, 1874.—Testa imperforata, pallide lutescens, conica, elevata, apice acuta, anfractus 7, vix convexi, radiatim et oblique costati, costis distantibus, ad suturam prominentibus nodulosisque, interstitiis levigatis; anfractus ultimus carin- atus, ad marginem tuberculis 8 ornatus, infra planulatus, levigatus, striis incrementi tenerrimis, obliquis munitus ; regione umbilicali albo vel ceruleo marginata, unidentata ; apertura angulata.—Has. — ? 110. LaPiLuus, pl. ix. f. 111, Reeve (Trochus), Conch. Icon. sp. 65.—Testa obtuse conica, imperforata, fulvescens; ad basin rufescente tincta; anfractus superne depressiusculi, deinde tumido-rotundati, costis rudis irregulariter corrugatis et tuberculatis ornati; anfr. ultimus inferne obtuse angulatus, costis longitudinalibus ad angulum leviter recurvi; basis convexa, circulariter confertissime squamata.—Described by Reeve from a single specimen in the Cumingian collection, 3A 222 TURBO. and I do not know of any others. It may possibly be the young of some larger shell, but at present I have not been able to identify it. 111. nuxagonvs, pl. ix. f. 114, Philippi, in Kuster, Conch. Cab. p. 130, pl. xxii. f. 9.—Testa subobtuse conica, elata, imperforata, albida, aureo-ferrugineo tincta; anfractus con- cavo-declives, rude plicato-corrugati, et malleati, medio tuberculis obtusis subdistantibus uniseriatim cincti; anfr. ultimus inferne subacute angulatus ad angulum plicatus; basis planiuscula, dense irregulariter squamata.—A shell of pyramidal form, chiefly distinguished by the row of tubercles being placed in or near the middle of the whorls instead of at the margin as in most species of the group.—Has. Australia. 112. strivs, pl. ix. f. 112, Gould, Wilkes’ Exploring Expedition, vol. xii. p. 173, Atlas, f. 203.—I have figured this shell from a specimen in the British Museum, but the species seems to me an unsatisfactory one, having so much the appearance of a young shell. 113. Prevost, pl. xii. f. 134, Sowerby, Thes. Conch.— Testa sublate conica, imperforata, viridula, fusco-tincta et fasciata; anfractus circ. 6, subconvexo-declives, liris minu- tissimis granulorum cincti, superne nodoso-plicati; anfr. ultimus inferne subacute angulatus, ad angulum squamis rugosis crassis subquadratis armatus ; basis imbricato-quadri- lirata, in regione umbilicali albo callosa; apertura sub- obliqua; columella arcuata, argentea.—A trochiform species, in which the longitudinal ribs may be only faintly traced, leaving nodules at the top of the whorls, and strong obtuse square-looking scales at the margin, while the whorls are encircled in the middle with two or three rows of minute granules. The shell partakes of some of the characters of T. imbricatus and T. hematragus, but wanting the con- tinuous longitudinal ribs of the former and the coloured basal callosity of the latter, while it is distinguished from both by its shorter growth and the character of its marginal scales before mentioned. The specimen bore the name of 7. corolla in the collection of the late Dr. Prevost, butit is not the corolla of Reeve, which I consider a variety of 7. imbricatus. 114. avrevs, pl. xii. f. 141, 142, Jonas, Zeitschr. fir Malac. 1844, p. 168; Lteeve, Conch. Icon. (Trochus), sp. 58, TURBO. 223 &c.—Testa obtuse conoidea, plus minusve depressa, interdum aureo-fulva, interdum olivaceo-viridis, infra leviter convexa, imperforata ; anfractus convexo-declives, superne plicato- corrugati, deinde granulati; anfractus ultimus inferne obtuse angulatus; basis levissime convexa seriatim granulata; apertura obliqua. Operculum ovale, exalbidum, vix con- vexum, obsolete granulatum.—A very distinct and easily recognised little species, which might be taken at first sight for one of the Gibbula group of Trochus.x—Has. Australia. 115. nenicus, pl. xii. f. 144, Watson, Moll. Challenger Expedition, Linnean Society’s Journal, vol. xiv. p. 703.—A beautiful and remarkable new species, elaborately described by the Rev. R. Boog Watson, B.A., F.L.S., &. Not having seen the shell, I do not venture to give a diagnosis, but the accompanying figure will give a general idea of the species. It partakes somewhat of the form and character of 7. hema- tragus, but the sharp stellate keel is more like that of T. latispina or auripigmentum, but differently placed. The keel encircling the body whorl has about twelve sharp hollow compressed spines, and below this there is a second smaller keel, or sharp angle, to the base, with from thirty to thirty-five vaulted scales, which towards the mouth become spines; in the space between the two keels there are four rows of fine beads.—Has. Matuka, Fiji, lat. 19° 10’ S., long. 179° 40’ E. 315 fathoms. Three specimens. 116. aippERosus, pl. x. f. 121, Chemnitz (Trochus), Conch. Cab. vol. x. p. 287—ineequalis, Martyn—ochraceus, Philippi —tentorium, Anton.—Testa late conica, imperforata; an- fractus circiter 7, convexo-declives, oblique creberrime striati, superne costis parvis rugosis subnumerosis plicati, medio granulis parvis 3—4-seriatim cincti, ad angulum carina obsolete squamata vel undulata instructi; basis complanata, leviter convexa, valide circulariter crenato-lirata, callo cen- trali depresso ; apertura angulata; columella obliqua. Oper- culum oblongum percrassum, intus concavum, nigro-fuscum, extus valide convexum, albidum ferrugineo-tinctum, versus marginem impressum.—A very characteristic species, not easily mistaken. Though by no means rare, the shell is seldom found in good condition, usually being much eroded, especially towards the apex. ‘The operculum is remarkably thick and stony, and of a peculiar irregular oblong form.— Has. Lower California. 224 TURBO. Section 13. Cookia. 117. Cooxranus, pl. vii. f. 72, Chemnitz 1540, 1554 (Trochus)—suleatus, Martyn—Davisi, Hutton.—Testa tu- mido-conoidea, imperforata, sordide fusca; anfractus 7, rotundati, costis obliquis imbricato-squamosis, striis incre- menti lamelliformibus dense oblique decussatis exsculpti ; basis medio concava, versus marginem convexiuscula, dense imbricato-lirata; apertura oblique ovata ; columella tenuiter late expansa, concava, fulvo tincta. Operculum ovale, extus album, fuseco tinctum, levigatum, costa latiuscula submar- ginali munitum.—This species, from its form, has long been considered a Trochus. It is the only species of Lesson’s genus Cookia. Hutton’s 7. Davisi is a variety of this species of a more pyramidal form than the type. Section 14. Lithopoma. 118. ruBER, pl. xii. f. 148, Limneeus (Trochus), Syst. Nat. p. 1230.—Testa conico-turbinata, imperforata, albida, fusco et viridi maculata et variegata, lineis fuscis obliquis hic illic interruptis penicillata; anfractus plus minusve angulati, interdum oblique costati ; anfractus ultimus subventricosus, plerumque nodoso biangulatus ; basis convexa, oblique leviter striata, costis concentricis 4-5, fere obsoletis ; apertura ovata. Operculum ovale, extus album, convexum, medio arcuatim unicostatum ; costa prominente, granosa.—A shell of stony substance, rather smooth, with the last whorl mostly biangular, generally more or less noduled, sometimes obso- letely ribbed at the upper part of the whorls, sometimes smooth.—Has. West Indies. Section 15. Pomaulaa. 119. unposus, pl. x. f. 120, Wood (Trochus), Index Test. Supp. pl. v. f. 7—T. gigas, Anton.—Testa turbinato-conica, imperforata, albida, epidermide fusca dense fibrosa induta ; anfractus declives, superne concaviusculi, inferne leviter concavi, oblique striati, costis brevibus obliquis, et nodulis majusculis exsculpti, ad suturam carina undato-tuberculata ornati. Anfr. ultimus infra medium conspicue undato- carinatus; supra carinam leviter excavatus, infra planus TURBO. 225 Basis complanata, tricostata, in regione umbilicali callo albido bisuleato induta. Columella callosa, areuata. Apertura obliqua. Operculum ovale, intus planum, olivaceum, vire- scens, apice marginali; extus album, rugosum, valide tricos- tatum, costis vix arcuatis, interstitiis profunde excavatis.—A fine species, often uncoated and polished for ornamental purposes.—Has. California. 120. saponicus, pl. x. f. 125, Dunker (Trochus), Abbild. Conch. vol. i. pl. 5, f. 1.—Testa depresso-conica, imper- forata, fulvo-spadicea ; anfractus cire. 8, declives, oblique granoso-corrugati, et promiscue plicati, ad marginem carina late squamosa irregulariter plicata et lobata ornati. Basis dense creno-lirata. Columella callosa, acuata. Apertura obliqua.—A very remarkable species of the same type as the preceding, but with a very expanded, irregularly-waved marginal keel.— Has. Japan. 121. Taytortanvs, pl. xiii. f. 169, Smith, Proc. Zool. Soe. 1880, pl. xlviii. f. 9.—Testa turbinato-conica, infra plana, imperforata, purpureo-rosea, strigis obscurioribus perobliquis indistincte notata, ad basin albida. Spira breviter conica, marginibus rectiusculis. Anfractus circiter 8, declives, su- perne levissime concavi, inferne convexiusculi, ad suturam carina rugosa subsquamosa ornati, liris numerosis granulorum subeequalium parvorum cincti. Anfr. ultimus infra medium acute carinatus, supra carinam leviter excavatus, infra eam planus. Basis albida, zona externa purpureo-rosea cincta, seriebus concentricis granulorum ornata, in regione umbilicali ceallo albo leevi flavo-marginato induta. Columella albo-callosa, arcuata.—Although following Mr. Smith, I have placed this remarkable species provisionally under the section Pomaulax. In the absence of the operculum it is impossible to say to which section it properly belongs. It is very unlike the two preceding species, and its closely granulated surface reminds one of the Ziziphinus section of Trochus.—The locality is unknown. Specimen unique in the British Museum, late of the Taylor collection. Section 16. Uvanilla. 122. oxtvacrus, pl. xii. f. 145, Wood (Trochus), Index Test. Supp. pl. v. f. 7—T. erythrophthalmus, Philippi. Testa turgido-conoidea, olivacea, ferrugineo-rufo tincta et 226 TURBO. flammulata, infra acutimarginata, imperforata; anfractus circ. 7, superne convexi, inferne concavi, ad marginem plus minusve laciniati, ubique costellis obliquis irregularibus striisque decussatis sculpti; basis albida valde concava, bi- lirata, liris granatis, callo centrali excavato, costa intense sanguinea cincto. Operculum ovale, extus albidum, valide bicostatum, medium excavatum, versus marginem tenuiter liratum.—A fine obtusely conical shell, with a remarkably concave base, and a deep blood-red umbilical rib.—-Has. Panama, Mazatlan, Lower California. 123. Buscut, pl. x. f. 117, Philippi (Trochus), Abbild. und Besch. Conch. vol. i. p. 90, pl. ii. f. 3-4.—Testa turgido- conoidea, viridula, ferrugineo-rufo aut roseo tincta, infra acutimarginata, imperforata ; anfractus circ. 6, superne con- vexi, deinde concaviusculi, ubique costellis interruptis obliquis sculpti; anfr. ultimus ad marginem squamis 12-15 brevibus acutis latiusculis laciniatus; basis concava dense radiatim lamellato-striata, medium versus circulariter trilirata, callo centrali excavato. Operculum oblongum, extus album, poli- tum, turgidum, infra medium sulca unica profunde excavata, longitudinaliter divisum, ad peripheriam attenuatum.—A very characteristic species, chiefly distinguished by the sharp- keeled, laciniated margin, rather tumid whorls, and concave base, with three keels round the umbilical depression.—Has. Panama. 124, unauis, pl. x. f. 119, Wood, Index Test. Supp. pl. v. f. 2.—Testa sublate conoidea, purpurascente spadicea, infra acutimarginata, concava, imperforata ; anfractus cire. 6, inferne convexi, deinde concaviusculi, ubique corrugato- lirati, ad marginem squamis subnumerosis truncatis descen- dentibus laciniati: basis dense minute imbricato-lirata, circa umbilicum bicostata. Operculum ovale, extus albidum, valide adunco-unicostatum, ad peripheriam carinatum.—An easily recognised species. The vaulted scales overlapping the margin of the whorls are of peculiar character, not sharply pointed as in 7. Buschi, rather square or rounded.—Has. Panama. 125. Urvitier, pl. x. f. 118, Kuster (Trochus), Conch. Cab. p. 215, pl. xxxii. f. 4—T. fimbriatus var., Quoy et Gaimard—T. tentoriformis, Jonas.—Testa conoidea, tenui- cula, flavida, infra acutimarginata, imperforata; anfr. con- TURBO. 227 cavo-declives, irregulariter granato-corrugati, ad marginem tenuiter fimbriati; basis concavo-planata, subtiliter squamato- lirata, liris 2 confertis circa umbilicum munita; columella callosa, argentea.—A conical yellowish species with a thin overlapping margin. JT. tentoriformis of Jonas is a variety of more regularly conical form, in which the margin is not frilled.—Has. Australia. 126. pieiTatus, pl. xii. f. 1385, Deshayes, Mag. de Zool. 1841, pl. xxxvi.—Trochus digitatus, Philippi.—Testa abbre- viato-conoidea purpurascente alba, infra acutimarginata, im- perforata ; anfractus cire. 7, superne convexi, medio leviter concavi, utrinque costis obliquis rugosis, interdum interruptis, super marginem productis ornati; basis leviter convexa, liris subdistantibus crenulatis exsculpta. Operculum ovale, extus albidum, costa elevata subangusta arcuata longitudinaliter divisum, ad peripheriam carinatum.—Allied to 7. wnguis, but distinguished by the ribs, which are of a rough squamate character and compressed form, crossing the whorls and extending below the margin, and also by the character of the base, which is slightly convex, and rather distantly ridged.— Has. Panama. Section 17. Guildfordia. 127. TRIuMPHANS, f. 151, 152, Philippi, Funft. Jahr. des Ver. f. Naturk. p. 8—Imperator Guildfordia, Gray—Trochus Guildfordia, Reeve—Guildfordia triumphans, Adams.—Testa depresso-conoidea, imperforata, pupureo-rufescens ; anfractus convexo-declives; granis minutis dense cingulati; anfr. ul- timus ad marginem spinis longissimis radiatus ; basis planato- convexa, minute 4-serlatim granosa, in regione umbilicali callo crasso induta; apertura parviuscula; labrum sinuatum. Operculum ovale complanatum, extus albidum, costa fere obsoleta arcuata.—This remarkable species needs little in the way of description, as no one can fail to identify it at a glance by its long marginal spines.—Has. Japan. ADDITIONAL SPECIES. 128. moxuccensis, pl. xiv. f. 177, Philyppi, Mon. pl. xi. f. 5.—Testa globoso-conoidea, anguste umbilicata, viridi et rufo marmorata; anfractus 6, convexi, rotundati, costis 228 TURBO. spiralibus parum elevatis inzequalibus, interstitiis angustis divisis, obsolete crenulatis sculpti; apertura subcircularis ; labrum viridi limbatum, obsolete crenulatum.—A species of the Senectus group, only known to me from the figure in the ‘ Conchylien Cabinet.,.—Has. Amboyna. 129. Evonaris, Crosse (Collonia), ‘Journal de Conch.’ 1865, p. 56 (no figure). 130. semicostatus, pl. xiv. f. 179, Pease, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1860, p. 435.—Testa parva conico-ovata, imperforata, rufo- fulva, fusco marmorata et variegata; anfr. rotundati oblique striati, spiraliter costati; anfr. ultimus costis 4—5 parum elevatis supra medium spiraliter cingulatus, deinde glaber, infra medium zona lutea latiuscula ornata; apertura sub- circularis, peristoma simplex; columella leviter arcuata ad basin parum effusa.— Unless it proves to be a young shell, this is the smallest species of the Senectus group. It is distinguished by the last whorl being ribbed at the upper part and smooth at the base.—Has. Island of Capul (Cuming). Specimen in the British Museum. 131. @UADELOUPENSIS, pl. xiv. f. 8-9, Crosse (Astralium), Journal de Conch. 1865, p. 36, pl. i. f. 10, 11.—Testa sub- elato-conica, imperforata, solidiuscula, pallide rubro-aurantia, albo et olivaceo rare maculata; sutura impressa, irregulari 5 anfractus 6, concavo-declives, plicis longitudinalibus, medio subinterruptis (granulorum serie interveniente), demum nodosis prominulis ornati; basis concaviuscula, costis 5 subgranosis cingulata, radiatim striata. Operculum crassum subovatum, extus album, minute granulosum, axi perforato, costa prominula circumdato.—Has. Guadeloupe. 132. Macannret, pl. xiv. f. 178, MWorch, ‘ American Journal of Conchology,’ vol. iv. p. 46—Omphalius ccelatus, A. Adams, Proce. Zool. Soc. 1854, p. 39.—Testa suborbicularis, solida, perforata, carnea; spira depressiuscula; sutura vix im- pressa; anfractus 5, convexiusculi, spiraliter sulcati; anfr. ultimus ad peripheriam obtuse angulatus; apertura rotunde ovata; columella crassa. Operculum calcareum. — This species was described by A. Adams as an Omphalius, but having a calcareous operculum it is a Turbo; and as there was previously a Turbo celatus, the specific as well as the generic name had to be changed. Without the operculum TURBO. _ 229 the species might be taken for an Omphalius or a Gibbula; as it is, it must be placed in the Collonia section of Turbo.—Has. Mogador. 133. Picorus (no figure), Pease (Collonia), ‘ American Journal of Conchology,’ vol. iv. p. 91.—Testa parva, solidis- sima, globosa, umbilicata, concentrice costata; spira vix exserta ; anfr. supra angulatis ; apertura circularis ; columella vix callosa, albida, superne rufo-castanea, longitudinaliter strigata, infra maculata.—Diam. 3, alt. 3 mill. (Pease).— Has. Paumotus (Polynesia). 134. @RANULOsUS (no figure), Pease, ‘ American Journal of Conchology,’ vol. iv. p. 92.—Testa globosa, orbicularis, late umbilicata; spira vix exserta; concentrice costata, costis subgranulosis; interstitiis concavo-suleatis; apice obtusa; albida, strigis rubro-fuscis radiatis picta, circum umbilicum alba.—Diam. 5, alt. 3 mill. (Pease).—Has. Ponape (Poly- nesia). A species of the Collonia group, allied to swpra- granosus (Smith). 135. LENTICULUS (no figure), Gould, Proc. Boston Society of Natural History, vol. viii. p. 21.—Not identified. 136. pavcicostatus, pl. xiii. f. 172, Dall (Leptothyra), Report Moll. W. Coast N. America, 1863, p. 652.—Testa parva, suborbicularis, imperforata, atro-purpurea, aut fusca ; spira obtusa ; sutura impressa; anfractus 44, convexi; ulti- mus superne et inferne sulcatus, deinde leevigatus.—A species of the Collonia section, allied to 7. bacula, but grooved only on the upper and lower part of the body whorl, otherwise smooth.—Has. California. 137. SPLENDIDULUS, pl. xiv. f. 180 and 181, Sowerby, Thes. Conch.—Testa ventricoso-conoidea, imperforata, au- rantio-fusca, albo et fusco punctata et variegata; spira parviuscula, acuta, gradata; sutura vix impressa ; anfractus circ. 64, superne concavo planati, deinde ccnvexi, longi- - tudinaliter oblique striati, spiraliter lirati; liris numerosis, inzequalibus (in anfr. penult. circ. 15), prima (ad suturam sita) prominula, leviter nodulosa, fusco alboque articulata, quinta maxima angulum distinctum formante; basis con- vexa, leevigata, subobsolete sulcata, maculis albis nigro-fusco umbratis picta, in regione umbilicali callo albo et aurantio induta; apertura subampla, circularis, fauce argentea.— 3B 230 TURBO. A handsome new species (specimen unique), met with acci- dentally without any information as to habitat. It is a true Turbo, scarcely a Senectus, although spirally ribbed. In form it is about intermediate between 7. Spenglertanus and 7’. circularis. It has the shining character of the former ; the whorls are surmounted by a concavely flattened ledge ; the ribs are narrow and close, excepting on the base, which is nearly smooth. 138. Smita, pl. xiv. f. 182, 183, Sowerby, Thes. Conch.— Testa ovato-conica, imperforata, luteo-fusca, aut lutea, au- rantio-fusco nebulata; spira elevata, acuta; anfractus 5, superne declives, deinde convexi; longitudinaliter irregu- lariter striati, spiraliter costati; costis rugosis, irregularibus, parum elevatis, in anfr. penult. circ. 4, ult. cire. 125; aper- tura circularis; peristoma simplex; columella alba.—This species was confounded in the Cumingian collection with 7’. semicostatus, from which it is quite distinct, being of somewhat larger size, and ribbed on the base as well as on the upper part.—Has. Island of Capul (Cuming). INDEX TO GENUS TURBO aculeatus, Gm., 99, f. 122, 136. aculeatus, Rve.=pagodulus. americanus, Gm., 101, f. 98. amussitatus, Gould, 66, f. 85, 92, 95. argenteus, Ch._=argyrostomus argyrostomus, Linn. 16, f. 10 and 12. armatus, Phil. (Trochus)= longispina. armillatus, A. Ad., 69, f. 93. artensis, Montr., 17, f. 6. articulatus, Rve.=intercosta- lis. asperatus, Lk.=aculeatus. assimilis, Kiener=fluctuosus. aster, Phil. (Trochus)=longi- spina. asteriscus, Rve. (Trochus)= Chemnitzi. aurantius, Fisch., 37, f. 175. aureus, Jonas, 114, f. 141, 142. auripigmentum, Jon. = bre- vispina barbelis, Fisc., 109, f. 105. bacula, Carp., 82, f. 173. bicolor, Sowerby, 22, f. 33. brevispina, Lk., 90, f. 188. Buschi, Phil., 123, f. 117. celatus, Ch., 100, f. 99. Cailleti, Fisch., 39, f. 149. calcar, Linn.=aculeatus. californicus, Tros., 86, f. 147. canaliculatus, 20, f. 30. canaliculatus, Kiener=crassus candidus, Pease, 79, f. 162. carduus, Fischer = argyro- stomus. castaneus, Gm., 27, f. 19, 20, 21, 27, 55, 66, 76. cepoides, Smith, 10, f. 65. cernicus, Sowerby, 21, f. 29. Chemnitzi, Val., 94, f. 127. Chemnitzianus, Reeve = radi- atus. chrysostomus, L., 19, f. 8. cicer, Menke, 76, f. 159. cidaris, Gim., 41, f. 35 and 82. circularis, Rve., 42, f. 37. classiarius, Gray = sarmati- cus, coccineus, Muhlf. = sangui- neus. cochlus, Gmelin = marmora- tus. collumellaris, Ph.=hzmatra- ous. concinnus, Phil. = intercosta- lis. confragosus, Gld.=fimbriatus. Cookianus, Ch., 117, f. 72. corallinus, Reeve = sanguin- eus. corolla, Rve. (Trochus) =im- bricatus. coronatus, Gmelin, 48, f. 51-54 cornutus, Gm., 1, f. 1 and 78. costulatus, Lk., 89, f. 130. 232 costulatus, Gould=costulosus. costulosus, Sowb., 78, f. 161. crassus, Wood, 26, f. 5. creniferus, Kiener= coronatus, crenulatus, Ch.=castaneus. eubanus, Phil., 108, f. 108. cumanensis, Val.=rugosus. Cunninghami, Sm., 81, f.170. Davisi, Hutton=Cooki var. Delessertii, Kiener=cidaris. digitatus, Desh., 126, f. 135. disjunctus, Anton = intercos- talis, ducalis, Phil.=Lajonkairi. echinatus, Gmel.=chrysosto- mus. elegans, Ph.=intercostalis. elevatus, Soul., 70, f. 96. erythrophthalmus, Ph.=oliva- ceus. eucharis, Orosse, 129. exilis, Phil., 84, f. 174. exquisitus, Angas, 29, f. 61. ferrugineus, Ant., 35, f. 164. filosus, Misch., 36, f. 167. fimbriatus, Lk., 96, f. 128. jiuctuatus, Rve.=fluctuosus. fluctuosus, Wood, 54, f. 26, 36, 57, 80. Fokkesi, Jonas=fluctuosus. foliaceus, Phil., 14, f. 15. Fricki, Crosse, 72, f. 155. funiculatus, Ph.=fluctuosus. gemmatus, [ve., 28, f. 56. gibberosus, Ch,, 116, f. 121, gigas, Anton=undosus, glariosa, Gould=verruca. granosus, Mart., 50, f. 70. grandineus, Val, (genus Tro- chus). granulatus, Chemn., is a Tro- chus. granulosus, Pease, 134. granulosus, Gm.=coronatus. Gruneri, Ph.=circularis. Guildfordia, Gray=trinmph- ans. guttata, A. Ad., 51, f. 68. INDEX. goadeloupensis, Crosse, 131, f. 184. gyrillus, Reeve, 57, f. 73. hematragus, 103, f. 102, 103, 106, 110. heliaceus, Phil. (Trochus)= longispina. helicinus, Gm.=aculeatus. heliotropium, Mart., 87, f. 128. Hempritchi, Trosch.=corona- tus. henicus, Watson, 115, f. 144. heterochitus, Kiener=torqua- tus. hexagonus, Phil., 111, f. 114. hippocastanum=castaneus. histrio, Rve., 33, f. 79. imbricatus, Gm., 102, f. 97, 107 15, oets3. imperialis, Gim., 3, f. 31. imperialis, Rve. (Trochus)= heliotropium. inequalis, Mart.=gibberosus. indutus, Watson, 60, f. 168. inermis, Gm. (Trochus) = longispina. intercostalis, Mke., 12, f. 9, 11, 14, 16. japonicus, Dkr., 120, f. 125. japonicus, A. Ad.=pillula. japonicus, Reeve=cernicus. japonicus, Reeve=cornutus. Jourdani, Kiener, 8, f. 62 and (iG laciniatus, Gould=imbricatus letus, Phil., 34, f. 165. letus, Ad. and Ang.=costu- losus, leetus, Montr.==costulosus. Lajonkairi, Desh., 18, f. 7. Lamarckii, Ph. = argyrosto- mus. lamellosus, Brod.=torquatus. laminiferus, Reeve=foliaceus lapillus, Reeve, 110, f. 111. latispina, Ph., 92, f. 187. lenticularis, Gould, 136. INDEX. 233 longispina, Lk., 88, f. 131, 132 lugubris, Kiener=mespilus. lugubris, Keeve=coronatus. Macandrei, Moérch, 132, f. 178. maculosus, Pease, 71, f. 154. magnificus, Jonas, 7, f. 59. majus, Ch. (calcar) = longi- spina. margaritaceus, Li. = argyro- stomus. marginatus, Nutt., 65, f. 94. marmoratus, Gim., 2, f. 4 and 34, marmoreus, Pease, 83, f. 171. mespilus, Gm., 47, f. 40, 41, 45 militaris, Reeve, 9, f. 64. Mitzchii, Anton=saxosus. modestus, Phil.=coronatus. modestus, fve., 58, f. 150. Moltkianus, Rve. = fluctuo- sus. moluccensis, Ph., 128, f. 177. mundus, A. Ad., 80, f. 163. multistriatus, Pse.=rubricinc- tus. murreus, Rve., 63, f. 84. naninus, Sowv., 73, f. 156. natalensis, Fve., 44, f. 44. nicobaricus, Gmel., is a Tro- chus. niger, Gray, 52, f. 28. nivosus, Reeve=spinosus. nocturnus, Gld., 68, f. 90. ochraceus, Phil.=gibberosus. olearius, Gmelin=marmora- tus. Olfersi, Tros.=imbricatus. olivaceus, Wood, 122, f. 145. orichaiceus, Koch, 91, f. 143. parvulus, Phil., 38, f. 153. papillatus, Pot., 105, f. 101, 109. paucicostatus, Dall., 136, f. 172. petholatus, Linn., 4, f. 46-7. petrosus, Mart.=tuberosus. phasianellus, Desh. (genus Trochus). pictus, Pease, 133. pillula, Dkr., 77, f. 160. pileolum, Reeve=fimbriatus, plicato-nodosus, Ch. = ameri- canus. porcatus, Rve., 45, f: 49 and 50. porphyrites, Gm.=mespilus. Prevosti, Sowb., 113, f. 134. princeps, Ph.=argyrostomus. propinquus, Hupé=elevatus. pulcher, Reeve, 25, f. 38. punctulatus, Martyn, is a Trochus. pusio, Anton, 85, f. 140. pustulatus, Rve.=castaneus, pyropus, Rve., 61, f. 87. quadriseriatus, Anton, 40, f. 139. quantilla, Gould=sanguineus Quoyi, Kiener (genus Trochus) radiatus, Gmelin, 13, f. 13. radiatus, Reeve = intercosta- lis. Reevii, Phil., 5, £. 48. Regenfussi, Desh. = imperia- lis. rhodostoma, Lk. = hematra- gus. roseopunctatus, Ang. = nani- nus. roseus, Phil.=verruca. roseus, Ch.=sanguineus. rotularis, Lk., 95, f. 129. rubicundus, Ch. 49, f. 69. rubra, A. Ad.=amussitatus. rubricinctus, Migh., 74, £.157. rubrilineatus, Pease=rubri- cinctus. rugosus, Linn., 56, f. 60. sangarensis, Sch.=amussita- tus. sanguineus, Linn., 62, f. 146. sanguineus, Reeve=verruca. sarmaticus, Linn., 43, f. 43. 234 saxosus, Wood, 53, f. 24 and 25. saxosus, Ph.=imbricatus. semicostatus, Pse., 130, f. 179. semicostatus, Kiener=stellatus setosus, Gm., 11, f. 2. Shandi, Hutton (genus Tro- chus ?). sirius, Gould, 112, f. 112. smaragdus, 6, f. 58. Smithi, Sowd., 138, f. 182, 183 solaris-imperialis, Ch.=helio- tropium. solaris-Indve (Trochus) = longispina. solidus, Hanley=fluctuosus. sparverius, Gm., 25, f. 3 and speciosus, Ive., 31, f. 74. speciosus, Kiener=radiatus. Spenglerianus ?, Chemnitz = aculeatus. Spenglerianus, Gim., 24, f. 39. spinosus, Ch., 15, f. 17, 18, O2, Gants spinosus, Kiener=radiatus. spinulosus, Lk., 98, f. 136. splendidulus, Sowb., 137, f. 180, 181. squamatus, A. Ad., 67, f. 88. squamiger, Rve.=castaneus. squamiferus, Koch, 97, f. 124. stamineus, Martyn = torqua- tus. stella, Lk.=aculeatus. INDEX. stellaris, Gm., 93, f. 126. stellatus, Gm., 107, f. 113. sulcatus, Mart.=Cookianus. supragranosus, Sm., 7, f.158 Taylorianus, Sm., 121, f. 169. tentoriformis, Jonas = Urvillei. tentorium, Anton=gibberosus tessellatus, Kiener = fluctuo- sus. Ticaonicus, Reeve=intercos- talis. torquatus, Gm., 55, f. 22, 23. transenna, Watson, 59, f. 166. triumphans, Phil., 127, f. 152 trochoides, Rve., 30, f. 69. tuber, Linn., 118, f. 148. tuberculatus, Kiener = spin- osus. tuberculosus, Quoy=spinosus. tuberosus, Ph., 104, f. 104, tumidulus, Reeve=spinosus. tursicus, Rve., 32, f. 75. undosus, Wood, 119, f. 120. undulatus, Mart., 46, f. 42. unguis, Wood, 124, f. 119. Urvillei, Kust., 125, f. 118. variabilis, Reeve=Reevu. variabilis, Pease (Collonia) ; not identified. variegatus, A. Ad.=nocturnus venustus, Ph.=saxosus. versicolor, Gm.=mespilus. verruca, Gould, 64, f. 86. virens, Anton=castaneus,. SECOND SUPPLEMENT TO MONOGRAPH OF THE GENUS CONUS. (SEQUEL TO P. 331, Vou. III.) 448. MELVILLI, Sowerby (f. 655).—C. testa abbreviato- subcylindracea, solida, obtuse angulata, levi, antice crenu- lato-sulcata, griseo-albida, cinnamomeo-fusco longitudinaliter strigata, lineis fuscis undulatis transverse cincta; interstitiis lineis curvatis longitudinalibus hic illic irregulariter divisis ; spira parum elevata; sutura irregulariter impressa; anfractus 7, convexlusculi, prope leeves; apertura mediocriter lata, fauce castanea. Long. 20, maj. lat. 11 mill. A short, somewhat cylindrical species, with obscure but characteristic markings, somewhat resembling those of (. lucidus, on a smaller scale; the transverse brown lines are more numerous, and the short longitudinal ones crossing the interstices less so. The light-brown waved streaks almost cover the shell, leaving small white patches between the transverse lines. This shell was picked up on the beach at Key West (South Florida) in 1872, by Mr. J. Cosmo Melvill, and is at present the only specimen known. 44.9. CONCATENATUS, Sowerby (f. 654).— Testa subfusiformi, subtiliter granoso-lirata, postice acute angulata, antice atten- uata, medio leviter contracta; albida, fusco irregulariter grandi-maculata, liris transverse fusco eximie articulatis; spira elata, conica; anfractus 11, leviter concayi, sub-acute angulati, ultimus ad angulum tuberculis minutis parum elevatis coronatus; apice acuto; apertura angusta, fusco tincta. Long. 31, maj. lat. 14 mill. 4B 250 CONUS. A very neatly marked shell, allied to C. mahogani, wimines, tornatus, &c., but perfectly distinct. The type, at present unique, is now in Mr. Melvill’s collection. It was found in the collection of Sir Edward Belcher, labelled ‘ Panama,’ but as the labels of that collection were many of them misplaced, the habitat is uncertain. A50. GRACILIS, Sowerby (f. 655).—C. testa elongata, fusca, maculis albidis irregulariter aspersa, sulcis angustis subdis- tantibus crenulatis cincta; spira elata, acuta, subgradata ; apice papillari; anfractus 9, leviter concavi, spiraliter bisul- cati, ultimus supra angulatus, basin versus multo attenuatus ; apertura angusta. Long. 31, maj. diam. 10 mill. A narrow elongated species, peculiarly produced at the base ; of a darkish brown colour, with an irregular sprinkling of whitish patches. The unique specimen is now in the col- lection of Mr. Melvill, by whom it was purchased from the collection of the late Dr. Prevost. This is not (as supposed by Mr. Tryon) a variety of C. aculeiformis, differing very materially from that species in sculpture, and style of painting. 451. SUPERSCRIPTUS, Sowerby (f. 656).—C. testa breviter oLlonga, solidiuscula, angulata, turgidula, levi, antice valide sulcata, albida, caeruleo tincta, maculis grandibus fulvis irre- gulariter ornata, fasciis numerosis angustis maculatis et quasi literatis cincta; spira abbreviata, fulvo strigata; anfractus concaviusculi, spiraliter sulcati; apice acuto, roseo ; apertura subangusta, fauce purpureo-fusco tincta. Long. 27, lat. 14 mill. The specimen is in the collection of the Marchioness Paulucci in Florence. Its bluish tinge of colour, and delicate letter-like markings are remarkable. Has. Madagascar. 452. PauLuccrm, Sowerby (f. 658).—C. testa elongata, solidula, obsolete striata, obtusissime angulata, antice atten- uata, albida, aurantiaco late interruptim fasciata, fasciis castaneo-fusco longitudinaliter strigatis, aliter lineis auran- tiacis eximie trigono reticulata; spira pyramidali ; anfractus planiusculi, leviter spiraliter sulcati; apertura angusta, alba. Long. 60, maj. lat. 20 mill. A beautiful species belonging to the Cylinder group, somewhat resembling C. gloria-maris in form, and C. aureus CONUS. 251 in colouring. The type is in the collection of the lady after whom it is named. Several other specimens have been found, but it is still extremely rare. Has. Mauritius. 453. CARNALIS, Sowerby (f. 657).—C. testa oblonga, sub- pyriformi, solida, obtuse angulata, obsolete striata, antice leviter costata; pallide carnea, late pallide fuscescenti bifas- clata; spira exserta, convexiuscula; anfractus 9, leeviusculi, in medio depressi; sutura impressa; apertura mediocriter lata, carneo tincta. A pale pink smooth shell, very faintly banded with buff. Specimen in the collection of Mr. Melvill, at present unique. Locality unknown. 454. Bocx1, Sowerby (f. 659).—C. testa turbinata, pallide lutea, luteo-fusco transversim multifasciata, et longitudinaliter strigata, hic illic nigro-fusco radiata; spira breviuscula albida, promiscue luteo strigata, ad apicem leviter prominente; an- fractus leviter concayi, serie tuberculorum coronati, ultimus supra angulatus, ad angulum tuberculis grandibus coronatus, infra angulum levigatus, deinde leviter granoso-costatus ; apertura alba, mediocriter lata; labrum leviter arcuatum, columella contorta. Long. 60, lat. 32 mill. Resembling the Chinese C. sulcatus in form, but a much smoother shell, and more deeply coloured; the chief difference however is in the crown; C. sulcatus being characterised by a sharp undulating keel at the angle, forming a raised ridge round the depressed whorls of the spire; while in C. Bocki the crown is formed of slightly angular nodules, between which the angle is rounded. Has. Amboyna. Specimen in Mr. Melvill’s collection. 455. Baccatus, Sowerby (f. 660).—C. testa abbreviato- turbinata, turgidula, minutissime decussata, conspicue seriatim egranulata, albida, maculis aurantiacis grandibus trifasciata ; spira parum elevata; anfractus concavi fere leves, ultimus biangulatus. Long. 23, maj. lat. 15 mill. An interesting little species, delicately painted, and cha- racterised by rows of neat gem-like granules. The double angle at the top of the body whorl is peculiar, but this may possibly prove to be an accident, and not a specific character. Has. unknown. Coll. Melvill. 252 CONUS. 456. REFLExuS, Sowerby (f. 661).—C. testa pyriformi, antice seriatim granulata, postice levi, obtuse angulata, ad angulum tuberculis minutissimis coronata; albida, roseo late bifasciata, fasciis fusco nebulatis; spira subobtuse conica, breviuscula ; anfractus concayi, spiraliter crebre sulcati ; apice acuminato. Long. 25, lat. 15 mill. Shell pear-shaped, anterior portion granulated, otherwise smooth, very minutely coronated at the angle, whitish, with two broad bands of rose colour clouded with brown ; spire rather obtusely conical, rather short, whorls slightly concave, closely spirally grooved. Specimen unique in the Melvill collection. 457. MULTILINEATUS, Sowerby (f. 662).-—C. testa turbinata, flavescenti-fusca, lineis fuscis punctatis multi-cingulata, zona lutescente subcentrali balteata, antice paulo attenuata, valide costata, postice levi, subacute angulata, ad angulum tuberculis parviusculis coronata ; spira concavo-acuminata ; anfractus 2, planato concavi, tuberculis parvis marginati, apertura albida. Long. 40, lat. 20 mill. A turbinated species of rather solid structure, yellowish- brown colour, encircled with numerous fine brown dotted lines, and a sub-central belt of pale yellow ; spire rather con- cavely acuminated, crowned with smallish tubercles, which are made conspicuous by intermediate brown blotches. Has. unknown. Specimen unique in Mr. Melvill’s col- lection. 458. THomast, Sowerby (f. 663).—C. testa elongata, solida, albida vel pallide carnea, late pallide aurantio bifasciata, antice leviter costata, deinde leviuscula, minute cancellata ; spira obtusa, vix elevata, sutura impressa ; anfractus planius- culi, spiraliter minutissime striati, ultimus supra angulatus, infra angulum aliquanto convexus, deinde prope rectus ; apertura modica, supra et infra subeequaliter lata, fauce pallide carnea. Long. 75, lat. 35 mill. Compared with OC. terebellum, to which this species is allied, it is a smooth shell, with a shorter spire, and a more decided angle. The species has been confounded with Lamarck’s C. pastinaica ; that of Reeve presenting a somewhat similar appearance is only a worn specimen of C. virgo. The type is in the collection of M. Thomas at Brest. Other specimens I have seen are smaller, and have rather more of a bluish or faint lilac tinge of colour. Has. Red Sea. CONUS. 253 459. Prevost1, Sowerby (f. 664).—C. testa elongato- cylindracea, albida, aurantio obscure fasciata, lineis numerosis minutis aurantiacis irregulariter undulatis et angulatis scripta ; spira elata, gradata; anfractus concayiusculi, striis duobus spiraliter sculpti, ultimus supra obtuse angulatus, infra angulum convexiusculus, levis, basi parum attenuatus, sul- catus ; apertura mediocriter lata, basin versus aliquanto latior, fauce lutea. Long. 40, lat. 10 mill. In describing this species in the Proceedings of the Zoological Society I stated that one specimen was in the col- lection of Dr. Prevost, and another in that of M. Thomas. This was a mistake, both specimens belonging to the latter collection. ‘They are, I believe, the only specimens known of the species. It is a shell of very distinct and peculiar character. Has. unknown. 460. ARTICULATUS, Sowerby (f. 667).—C. testa sub- pyriformi, polita, castanea, lineis nigrescentibus tenuissimis spiralibus albo minutissime punctatis quasi articulatis, ad angulum spiralem et infra medium fasciis duabus albis concinne fusco maculatis ornata; spira acute conica; apice roseo; anfractus concavo-declives, ultimus supra subacute angulatus, basi attenuatus, distanter sulcatus ; apertura fusco- purpurea. Long. 18, maj. lat. 10 mill. The specimen figured is rather more contracted in the middle than others I have seen. ‘The finely articulated lines are sometimes almost hidden by the dark chestnut colour of the surface. Has. Mauritius. 461. TEGULATUS, Sowerby (f. 665).—C. testa elongato-tur- binata, distanter et equaliter sulcata, inter sulcos planilirata, super sulcos maculis nigro-fuscis linearibus longitudinaliter flammulata, sulcis concentrice sculptis ; spira concavo-acumin- ata, angulo acuto; anfractus spiraliter striati, et concentrice cancellati. Long. 22, maj. lat. 10 mill. The dark-brown spots, arranged in longitudinal flames, and thickened in two spiral bands, give a tesselated appear- ance to this pretty little sulcated shell. Has. China Sea. 462. sEMISULCATUS, Sowerby (f. 666).—Testa angulata, utrinque acuminata, fumeo-fuscata, laevigata, antice distanter spiraliter suleata; spira concayo-acuminata; anfractus plano- 254 CONUS. concavi, versus apicem moniliferi, deinde carina acuta margi- nati; ultimus supra acute angulatus, infra angulum_ ali- quanto convexus, basin versus acuminatim coarctatus. Long. 22, lat. 12 mill. A little brown sharply-angular shell, rather distantly grooved from the middle to the base, with the whorls beaded near the apex. 463. PROPINQUUS, Smith (f. 668).—Testa obesa, brevi- turbinata, supra medium bullata, antice angustata, spiraliter tenuiter striata, versus terminum sulcata, pallidissime fusco- subceerulea fulyo variegata et maculis niveis floccata, fulvo maculata, linearam fuscarum baltea maculis nivosis interrupta prope medium, et altera infra, prope terminum, fasciata ; spira brevicula, obtuse angulata, ad angulum nodulis parvis numerosis subrotundis interpunctatis coronata; apice acuto rubro; apertura modica, supra et infra fere equaliter lata, fauce violacea. Allied to C. ceylanensis and C. nua, but generally of larger size, and of a different style of painting, and it is further distinguished by the fine sulci marking rather more than half the shell. The marking is principally characterised by neat brown linear bands and snowy flakes. My father inadvertently named this species C. tenwisi- catus in 1873, after having given the same name to another species in 1870. 464. GEMMULATUS, Sowerby (f. 669).—-Testa parva, albida vel pallidissime flavidula, utrinque subzequaliter acuminata, costellis rotundis subrugosis lirata, interstitiis profundis, striis tenuibus longitudinaliter sculpta; spira elata, valde acuminata; anfractus 10, papillis rotundis regularibus gem- muliformibus coronati; apertura angusta, labrum superne profunde sinuatum. A remarkable little species allied to C. acutangulus, with a very produced spire, the whorls of which are beautifully beaded with gem-like papillee. Has. China Sea. 465. SUBMARGINATUS, Sowerby (f. 670).—Testa parva, angusta, albida, nitida, antice attenuata, sulcis acutis nume- rosis cincta; lateribus vix convexis; spira elevata, plano- conica, subgradata; anfractus 8, declives, ad angulum lira unica marginati; apertura mediocriter lata, labrum superne CONUS. PAS ES vix sinuatum, medium parum arcuatum, columella valde con- torta. A narrow white species, with the posterior closely grooved, and a distinct keel at the angle of the whorls. 466. TENUISULCATUS, Sowerby (f. 671).—Testa parva, turbinata, postice acute angulata, antice attenuata, tenuiter distanter sulcata; albida, griseo fasciata, maculis castaneis seu fulvis bifasciata; spira acuminata, vix gradata, flammis castaneis radiata; anfractus 8, concavo-declives. A species of simple form, whitish, rather sparingly blotched with chestnut in bands, and characterised by rather distant narrow spiral sulci from the middle to the base of the shell. 467. RARIMACULATUS, Sowerby (f. 672).—C. testa sub- elongata, acute angulata, albida, hic illic castaneo maculata, levigata, antice attenuata, sulcata; spira acuminata, gradata, obscure cancellata, flammulis castaneis picta. A sharply-angled whitish smooth shell, with very few spots of chestnut, and flames of a darker chestnut on the spire. Has. China Sea. 468. GRADATULUS, Weinkauff (f. 673).—C. testa elongata, tenui, utrinque eleganter pyramidata, rosea, fammulis rubes- centibus infra medium interruptis ornata, antice attenuata, striata; spira producta, gradata, apice prominente, mamil- lato; anfractus concavi, carina acuta marginati, obscurissime striati, ultimus acute angulatus; apertura modica, fauce rosea, labrum superne profunde sinuatum. Long. 47, lat. 20 m. A delicately coloured species, with a remarkably turreted and sharply-angled spire. Has. Agulhas Bank, South Africa. 469. caNpIDUS, Kiener (f. 674).—C. testa elongato-turbi- nata, subfusiformi, solidiuscula, levi, antice sulcata, alba, zonis flavidis et maculis fuscis lineatim dispositis cincta, flammis subaurantiis longitudinalibus picta; spira elevata, gradata, flammis castaneis brevibus ornata; anfractus 10, leviter concavi, carina subacuta marginati, ultimus subacute angulatus, infra angulum levissime convexus; apertura angusta, fauce pallide citrina, labrum postice profunde sin- uatum. Long. 42, maj. lat. 19 mill. This excellent species has for many years been unrecog- nised by conchologists. Specimens having been found on 256 CONUS. the coast of Florida, it was named by Gabb in 1868, C. flori- danus, and two years later by my father, C. floridensis. Most of the specimens I have seen are smaller, narrower, and of lighter texture than the one figured. 470, FErGusoni, Sowerby (f. 675).—C. testa maxima, ponderosa, alba, spiraliter leviter substriata, epidermide sor- dide fusca crassa rugata induta; spira subplanulata, latis- sima, vix elevata, apice paulo exserto ; anfractus ad spiram depressi, ad suturam irregulariter undati, inter suturam et angulum obscure unicostati, ultimus subobtuse angulatus, infra angulum leviter convexus ; apertura modica, fauce alba, labrum vix sinuatum. A large white species, quite distinct from all its congeners. Externally it is dull white, slightly roughened by spiral strize, and longitudinal lines of growth ; ; the interior is shining white. Several specimens have been collected at Panama by Mr. D. W. Ferguson. 471. Maurzantanus, Weinkauff (f. 676-—7).—C. testa tur- binata, solida, transversim lirata, liris simplicis vel granulosis, distantibus, pallide lutea, interstitiis irarum profundioribus, bifasciata, basis profunde violacea; spira obtuso-convexa, im- maculata, anfractibus 9, planis vel subconvexis, leviter striatis, apex tumidus 24 anfr.; apertura latiuscula, intus violacea vel purpureo-nigricante, labrum acutum, intus luteo marginatum, superne vix sinuatum. (H.C. Weinkauff.) Allied to C. lividus, but of more obtuse form, transversely ribbed, ribs mostly granulated, especially those towards the base. Has. Tahiti. 472. Jicketu, Weinkauff (£. 678—-9).—C. testa oblongo- turbinata, hemi conlan antice sulcata, albida, maculis nigris elongatis et quadratis seriatim dispositis ornata ; spira sub- plana, apice elevato; anfractus 9, planiusculi, submarginati, spiraliter striati, maculati, ultimus obtuse angulatus, infra angulum leviter convexus; apertura latiuscula, basim versus paulo latior, fauce ceerulea, labrum maculis nigris marginatum, superne leviter sinuatum. Long. 51, maj. lat. 25 mill. Very much resembling C. proteus of the West Indies, but having been found by Mr. Jickeli at Massana in the Red Sea it is probably distinct. Weinkauff describes the species as having fulvous spots, probably from a dead specimen, his figure, which I haye copied, representing the spots black or nearly so. CONUS. 257 473. SurorEanus, Weinkauff (f. 680-1).—C. testa parva, elongata, laevigata, antice attenuata, profunde 6-sulcata, lutea, zona pallida fasciata; spira elevata, acuta, ad apicem carnea, sutura impressa ; anfractus 9, spiraliter striati, leviter coronati, ultimus subobtuse angulatus, ad angulum maculis parvis fuscis notatus, infra angulum leviter convexus; apertura latiuscula, fauce pallide rosacea, columella contorta, labrum superne valde sinuatum. Long. 18, lat. 19 mill. Has. Mauritius. 474, PoHLIANUS, Sowerby (f. 682-3).—C. testa elongato- subcylindrica, obscurissme striata, antice paulo attenuata, sulcis obliquis circiter 7 confertis et 5 magis distantibus insculpta, alba, zona flavida pallidissima inconspicua cincta ; spira parum elevata, subgradata, versus apicem lzevissime coronata, flavida; anfractus 9, subplanato declives, spiraliter sulcati, sutura impressa, anfr. ultimus subobtuse angulatus, supra angulum levissime concayus, infra angulum leviter convexus; apertura latiuscula, basim versus paulo latior, columella vix contorta, labrum acutum, superne valde sinu- atum. Long. 50, maj. lat. 20 mill. An elongated nearly cylindrical shell, white, with the faintest possible tinge of yellow in a central zone and on the apex ; compared with an albino variety of C. ochroleucus, it is of more cylindrical form, and has not the columellar twist characteristic of that species. Has. New Ireland. (Capt. Pohl.) 475. poLitus, Weinkauff (f. 684).—C. testa elongato-sub- cylindrica, glabra, polita, antice distanter late sulcata, flavida, lineis anguste puncticulatis, numerosis, flavido-alboque articulatis et fasciis tribus, albo-fuscoque articulatis cingulata ; spira breviuscula, immaculata, sutura impressa, apice acuto ; anfractus 10, convexi, leves, ultimus obtuse angulatus; apertura lata, fauce plumbea, columella contorta, labrum flavido marginatum, superne vix sinuatum. Long. 39, lat. 20 mill. This appears to be a very good species allied to C. cinereus; if is unknown to me, excepting from Weinkauff’s figure, which I have copied. The specimen in A. B. Meyer’s collec- tion was purchased of Bolten with the manuscript name adopted by Weinkauff. Has. unknown. 4 C 258 CONUS. 476. CROCEUS, Smith (f. 685).—C. testa angusta, elongato- fusiformis, crocea ; spiree anfractus 10, planiuscul, liris spirali- bus cincti, in anfr. inferioribus 3-4, superioribus 2 (ea ad suturam maxima, in anfr. superioribus nodulosa) ; spira recte conica ; anfr. ultimus marginibus fere planis, costis spiralibus 28-30, fortibus, subacutis, sensim basim versus tenuioribus, munitus, et lirulis longitudinalibus numerosissimis interstitiis concinne clathratus ; apertura linearis, angustissima. Long. 27 mill., diam. max. 9. (KH. A. Smith.) A remarkably narrow, strongly ribbed, deep yellow species. The interstices between the ribs are crossed by fine ridges. The species is somewhat allied to C. vimineus. Has. unknown. A77. LiscHKEANUS, Weinkauff (f. 687-8).—C. testa tur- binata, crassa, postice turgida, antice coarctata, sulphurea, angulo basique nivea; spira brevicula, lata; anfractus 12, lente accrescentes, non striati, sutura undulata, ultimus sub- obtuse angulatus, supra angulum concavus, infra angulum convexus, deinde leviter constrictus ; apertura angusta, fauce lactea, labrum acutum, superne valde sinuatum. Long. 52, lat. 32 mill. Has. Japan. Specimen figured from Mr. Lébbecke’s collection. 478. ANDAMANENSIS, Smith (f. 689).—C. testa sub- cylindrica, antice subdistanter sulcata, carnea, nigro-fusco irregulariter sparsim punctata et lineata; spira parum elevata, concava, subgradata, fusco radiata; anfractus 10, planato declives, striis 2-3 spiraliter sculpti, ultimus rotunde angu- latus; apertura superne angusta, basim versus latiuscula, fauce albida, columella leviter contorta, labrum acutum, superne vix sinuatum. Long. 28, lat. 14 mill. The species was originally described from a much smaller specimen dredged at Port Blair, Andaman Islands, by Colonel Wilmer, and presented by him to the British Museum. It has a more elevated spire, and smaller spots. The specimen figured is in the collection of Dr. Hungerford. 479. commopus, A. Adams (f. 690).—C. testa turbinata utrinque acuminata, acute angulata, leeviuscula, antice sulcata, flavidula; spira elevata, acutissima; anfractus 10, levius- culi, sutura impressa, anguste canaliculata ; apertura angusta, CONUS. 259 fauce alba, labrum acutum, superne valde sinuatum, columella vix contorta. Long. 28, lat. 14 mill. A plain sharply-angled species, with a very acutely ele- vated spire. Specimen in Von Maltzan’s collection ; locality unknown. 480. CUNEIFORMIS, Smith (f. 691).—C. testa turbinata, subacute angulata, solida, albida, transversim minutissime striata, et sulcis distantibus (basin versus confertioribus) cincta; spira mediocriter elevata, regulariter conica, ad apicem fuscescens, sutura impressa; anfractus 9, planato-declives, spiraliter striati; apertura angusta, fauce violacea, columella basi subplicata, labrum intus margine albidum, superne vix sinuatum. Long. 25, lat. 14 mill. A simple whitish angular shell with a violet interior. It is more regularly conical than O. trochulus, and distinguished by about two-thirds of the shell being spirally grooved. 'l'wo specimens are in the British Museum. Has. unknown. 481. Smrrxt, Angas (f. 692).—C. testa parva, late conoi- dea, antice sulcata, postice turgidula, straminea, fusco obscure nebulata, maculis castaneis distantibus trifasciatim dispositis, et tenis angustis numerosis pallidis castaneo multi-maculatis regulariter picta; spira parum elevata, gradata, ad apicem prominula, apice papillari; anfractus concavi, obtuse carinati, sutura impressa, ultimus subacute angulatus, supra angulum concayus, infra levissime convexus ; apertura latiuscula, colu- mella basi contorta, labrum superne vix sinuatum., A very prettily painted little species from Cape Solander, Botany Bay, Australia. 482. MetTcaLFe!, Angas (f. 693).—C. testa subelongato turbinata, postice angulata, antice attenuata, carnea, maculis parvis fulvyis quadratis et elongatis (in zona media grandi- oribus, cincta, ubique seriatim minute puncturata, antice cos- tata; spira paulo exserta, ad apicem elevata; anfractus 7, leviter concayi, spiraliter striati; ultimus subacute angulatus ; apertura latiuscula, columella basi plicata, labrum superne Vix sinuatum. A small neatly-marked shell, belonging to the same group as the foregoing, and also an Australian species, dredged by Mr. Brazier at Port Jackson. 260 CONUS. 483, SYDNEYENSIS, Sowerby (f. 694).—C. testa turbinata, tenuiuscula leevigata, postice acute angulata, antice attenuata, profunde sulcata, albida, maculis pallide aurantio-fuscis quad- ratis oblongis et rotundatis seriatim dispositis In zona cen- trali longitudinaliter elongatis et hic illic oblique decussatis picta ; spira parum elevata, leviter concava, aurantio-fusco radiata, apice papillari ; anfractus planato declives, spiraliter sulcati ; apertura angusta, fauce pallide fusca, columella basi contorta, labrum acutum, superne vix sinuatum. Long. 24, lat. 12 mill. A rather delicately coloured species, the light orange- brown markings forming crosses in the central zone, and ar- ranged above and below in transverse rows. Has. Port Jackson (Brazier). A84, VAYSSETIANUS, Crosse (f. 695).—C. testa elongato- turbinata tenuiuscula, liris obsolete pertusis numerosis trans- versim cincta, pallidecastanea, albo late maculata ; spira parum elevata, apice leviter obtuso ; sutura impressa; anfractus 8, vix gradati, serie tuberculorum coronati, ultimus obtuse angu- latus, ad angulum tuberculis circ. 15 minutis coronatus ; aper- tura modica, fauce livide castanea, columella basi contorta, labrum acutum, superne vix sinuatum. Long. 14, diam. 7 mill. Has. New Caledonia. 485. sucunpus, Sowerby (f. 696-7).—C. testa subpyri- formi, crassa, nitida, liris transversis subdistantibus vix con- spicuis infra medium sculpta, pallide rosacea, maculis grandi- bus fuscis irregularibus supra medium ornata, zona lata parum interrupta ejusdem coloris infra medium cincta; spira bre- viter conica, aurantio strigata, ad apicem rosea, apice obtuso ; anfractus 8, serie tuberculorum coronati, ultimus superne sub- acute angulatus, ad angulum obsolete coronatus, supra angu- lum concavus, infra leviter convexus, basin versus attenuatus ; apertura angusta, rosacea, columella basi plicata, labrum su- perne vix sinuatum. Long. 35, maj. lat. 20 mill. A very attractive species, of which the only specimen at present known is in the collection of Mr. James J. Mac- Andrew. Its colour is pink, ornamented with bold dashes of brown, and a broad belt of the same colour below the middle of the body of the whorl. Has. unknown. CONUS. 261 486. LAMBERTI, Souverbie (f. 698).—C. testa elongata, cylindraceo-conica, longitudinaliter tenuissime striata, antice oblique subimpresso-striata, aurantiaca, maculis albis inaequa- libus plerumque triangularibus seepe grandibus et altioribus quam latioribus in series tres fasciatim dispositis ornata ; spira depresso-conica, canaliculata, sutura impressa ; anfractus 12, concavo declives, spiraliter unistriati, priores (5-6) tuber- culis minutis coronati, ultimus superne rotunde angulatus, basin versus mediocriter attenuatus ; apertura latiuscula, colu- mella basi contorta, labrum acutiusculum superne vix sinu- atum. Long. 107, lat. 53 mill. This magnificent shell is nearly allied to C. crocatus, and judging only from the description and figures in the ‘ Journal de Conchologie,’ I am unable to say with certainty that it is not a very well grown specimen of that species. The only specimen known was discovered by Mr. R. P. Lambert at Ouvea, Loyalty Islands, Caledonian Archipelago. 487. inconsTans, Smith (f. 700).—C. testa turbinata, superne subacute angulata, transversim exiliter lirata, livido- fuscescenti-rosea, medio fascia alba maculis fuscis interrupta et lineis albis fusco notatis ad basim cincta; spira turrita, breviuscula, alba, apice rosaceo et maculis numerosis fuscis radiantibus picta; anfr. 84 primi 4 convexi, ceteri leviter exserti, supra levissime excavati, spiraliter exiliter striati, sutura ineequali divisi; apertura angusta; labrum superne vix incisum. Long. 22, lat. 124 mill. 488. LOEBBECKEANUS, Weinkauff (f. 701).—C. testa ob- longo turbinata, glabra, splendida, ad basim anguste-lirata, liris subgranulosis ; luteo-alba, zonis duabus ferruginosis et lineis fuscis—in zonis albis articulatis, in zonis ferruginosis integris—maculis longitudinalibus sparsis, fuscis ornata. Angulus distinctus. Spira late conica, fusco alboque varie- gata, anfractibus 11 planis, marginatis, striatis; apex punctiformis, lacteus. Apertura latiuscula, intus lactea ; labrum acutum, intus punctis fuscis sparsis submarginatum, superne et inferne sinuatum. Long. 52, lat. 28 mill. (Weinkauff.) This species seems to be allied to C. splendidulus. Has. unknown. 489. DusaveLui, H. Adams (f. 712).—C. testa convexo- conica, elongata, polita, antice distanter puncto-lirata, roseo- 262 CONUS. lutea, fasciis tribus ex striis longitudinalibus et maculis rufis formatis ornata, seriebus numerosis macularum candidarum purpureo-lividarum alternatim cincta; spira acuminata, conica, apice mucronato, sutura distincta, sparsim subcana- liculata, longitudinaliter rufo strigata ; anfractus 103 superne angulati, ad apicem nodulosi, ultimus obtuse angulatus, leviter ventricosus; apertura modica, basim versus latior, labrum acutum, superne sinuatum. Long. 50, lat. 20 mill. An exceedingly beautiful species, of which the only specimen at present known is in the collection of Mr. Melvill. Tt was found in the stomach of a fish at Mauritius, and de- scribed by Mr. H. Adamsin 1872 under the name of Leptocomus Dusavelli. 490. FULVo-cINCTUS, Crosse (f. 713).—C. testa cylin- draceo-conica, crassa, liris transversis subdistantibus parum conspicuis infra medium sculpta, striis incrementi longitudi- ualiter impressa, albida, zona lata pallide fulva interrupta parum conspicua, paulo supra medium anfr. ultimi cincta ; spira breviter conica; sutura impressa, vix irregularis ; anfr. 10, planiusculi, lente accrescentes, liris tenuibus spiraliter impressi, ultimus obtuse angulatus, basi attenuatus ; apertura elongata angusta, basi paulo latior, fauce candida, columella basi incrassata, labrum sub-acutum basin versus obsolete plicato-crenatum ad suturam sinuatum. Long. 75, lat. 14 mill. The figure is copied from the ‘Journal de Conchologie,’ in which the spire is a little on one side, which may be a distortion or a fault in the drawing. It is a plain-looking shell, but apparently quite distinct. The specimen is from the West African coast, and is now in the collection of Mr. B. Thomas. A491. Mazet, Deshayes (f.'714:).—C. testa conica, elongato- angusta, gracili, posterius paulo turgidula, antice attenuata, striis puncticulatis distantibus obliquis ornata, alba subtrans- lucida, nitente, maculis castaneis regularibus transversim serialiter dispositis; spira elongata, regulariter conico-con- caviuscula, apice acuminato; anfractus 12, plano-concaviusculi, spiraliter striato-subgranulati, striis minutissimis clathrati ; ultimus subrotunde angulatus ; apertura longissima, angusta, labrum acutum, pertenue paulo arcuatum, superne late sinuatum. Long. 58, lat. 16 mill. CONUS. 263 A very gracefully formed shell, slender and _ tapering, neatly painted with rows of chestnut spots. The only speci- men known is in the collection of the Jardin des Plantes in Paris. Has. Coast of Martinique, West Indies. 492. BLANFORDIANUS, Crosse (f. 716).—C. testa ovato- pyriformis, subinflata, parum crassa, alba, nigro-fusco sub- regulariter seriatim maculata; spira brevissima, ad apicem leviter prominente ; sutura impressa; anfr. 10, spiraliter sulcati, flammis nigro-fuscis radiati, ultimus superne ob- tusissime angulatus, infra angulum convexus, basin versus parum attenuatus, sulcis angustis distantibus spiraliter im- pressus; apertura latiuscula, basim versus latior, fauce alba, labrum acutiusculum, ad limbum fusco notatum. Long. 36, lat. 19 mill. 493. Jutu, Inénard (f. 717).—C. testa ovato-oblonga, solida, leviuscula, transversim inconspicue striata, albida, roseo tincta et nebulata, longitudinaliter pallide rufo-fusco, strigata, strigis angustis, in zonis duobus latioribus et magis vividis; spira brevissima; anfr. 8, planiusculi, spiraliter tenuissime striati, ultimus superne obtuse angulatus, infra angulum leviter ventricosus, basin versus leviter attenuatus ; apertura superne angusta, inferne leviter dilatata, fauce rosacea, columella basi plicata, labrum acutum, superne vix sinuatum. Long. 35, lat. 19 mill. Has. Mauritius. 494, CONSANGUINEUS, Smith (f. 718).—C. testa turbinata, solida, alba, dilute fusco zonata, epidermide crassa dense lamellosa induta; spira breviter conica, ad apicem pallide rosea; anfractus circiter 10, declives, sutura irregulari dis- creti; anfr. ultimus superne rotunde angulatus, deinde leviter convexus, in medio levissime constrictus, transversim undu- latim striatus, basin versus sulcis numerosis obliquis sculpta ; apertura modica, alba, labrum tenue, superne et inferne arcu- atum, in medio leviter constrictum, sinus subsuturalis latus profundus. Long. 88, lat. 49 mill. Has. ? Specimen in the British Museum. 495, TRAVERSIANUS, Smith (f. 719).—C. testa elongato- cylindracea, sulcis transversis aliquanto distantibus postice obsoletis antice profundioribus et confertioribus insculpta, 264 CONUS. dilute rosacea, fasciis duabus obscuris aurantio-rufis cincta, et inter sulcos lineis rufoque articulatis ornata; spira concayvo- conica, breviuscula; anfractus 10, leviter concavi, spiraliter lirati, sutura impressa; anfr. ultimus superne angulatus, deinde fere rectus; apertura angusta ad basim leviter dila- tata; fauce rosacea, columella basi contorto-plicata, labrum acutiusculum, superne vix sinuatum. Long. 43, lat. 17 mill. This species is well distinguished by its narrow form in conjunction with its style of coloration. The two orange-red bands are interrupted here and there, and the red dots which together with the white ones form the articulated transverse lines are very small. The only specimen known is in the collection of Mr. Melvill. Locality unknown. 496. ALTISPIRATUS, Sowerby (f. 720).—C. testa elongata, utrinque acuminata, tenuiuscula, lactea, antice valide sulcata ; spira perelevata, leviter convexa, vix angulata, ad apicem mucronata, rosea; anfractus 10, convexi, ‘obsolete coronati ; apertura angusta, columella basi contorta, labrum acutum, superne late sinuatum. A white shell of very distinct form, from Agulhas Bank, S. Africa. 497. LATERCULATUS, Sowerby (f. 721).—C. testa elongato- subcylindracea, dilute flavida, fusco maculata, liris complana- tis duplicatis maculis quadratis ornatis cincta, et maculis magnis latis trifasciata, snlcis intermediis albis; spira acu- minata, fusco-radiata; anfractus concavi, spiraliter striati, minute cancellati, lira acuta regulariter minute punctata marginati, ultimus superne subacute angulatus, deinde con- vexiusculus, basin versus attenuatus; apertura angustissima, columella basi plicata, labrum subacutum fusco maculatum, superne parum sinuatum. Beautifully tesselated with square regular brown spots, and sculptured with white grooves between duplicate ridges. Allied to C. australis, but quite distinct. Several specimens were dredged by Capt. Denicke in the China Sea. The type is now in the British Museum. 498. WiILMERI, Sowerby (f. 722).—C. testa fusiformis, utrinque acuminata, dilute flavida, antice attenuata, leviter contorta, undique costata, costis numerosis elevatis rotundatis, interstitiis transversim striatis ; spira turrita, elata; anfr. 11, CONUS. bo 265 planato-declives, spiraliter trisulcati, juxta suturam unilirati, ad angulum acuticarinati; apertura angustissima, columella basi plicata, labrum crenulatum, superne leviter sinuatum. Long. 21, lat. 8 mill. Has. Port Blair, Andaman Islands (Col. Wilmer). 499. PLANILIRATUS, Sowerby (f. 723).—C. testa elongato- turbinata, sulcis angustis subdistantibus haud profundis, basin versus profundioribus transversim cincta, dilute flavida, fusco maculata, maculis oblongo-quadratis et macularam un- datarum fasciis tribus cincta; spira concayo conica, prope apicem acuminata, flammis fascis radiata ; anfractus 10, spiraliter striati, minutissime cancellati ; ultimus acute angu- latus, supra angulum concavus, infra angulum leviter con- vexus; apertura modica, supra et infra equaliter lata, columella basi contorta et plicata, labrum subacutum, superne late sinuatum, inferne crenulatum. A very characteristic species, of which several specimens were dredged by Captain Denicke in the China Sea. 500. CUNEATUS, Sowerby (f. 724).—C. testa solida, late turbinata, angulata, prope terminum anticum angustata, sulcata, leevigata, albida, fulvo pallidissime bifasciata, infra medium fascia alba maculis quadratis perpaucis cincta ; spira subelevata, acuminata, angulata; anfractus concavi, spiraliter tenuissime striati, maculis castaneis raris ornati; apertura modica, fauce pallidissime violacea, columella vix plicata, labrum acutum, superne leviter sinuatum. This broadly-angular shell, although of simple character, does not seem to suggest comparison with any other known species. Locality unknown. 501. PSEUDOMARMOREUS, Crosse (f. 725).—C. testa turbi- nata, crassa, transversim lirata, violaceo nigricans, maculis cordiformibus ineequalibus numerosis albis aut albido-roseis maculis coni marmorei similibus conspersa; spira conica, elatiuscula, sutura subirregulariter impressa; anfractus 8, planiuscul, primi subleevigati, albidi, sequentes spiraliter lirati, ultimus subrotunde angulatus, convexiuseulus ; ; aper- tura ‘mediocriter lata, fauce rosacea; columella braviuscula, contorta, turgidula, roseo-albida ; labrum leviter arcuatum pallide fulvido lutescens, violaceo-nigro guttatum. Long. 50, lat. 29 mill. Specimen i in the Paris Museum. Has. ? 4D 266 CONUS. 502. Brazieri, Sowerby (f. 726).—C. testa elongato-sub- cylindrica, undique transversim subtilissime striata, palli- dissime rosacea, fulvo late trifasciata, maculis minutis hic illic majoribus nigris sparsissime conspersa; spira conica, mediocriter elevata, gradata, apice acuto; anfractus 10, con- caviusculi, carina obtusa seriatim nigro maculata marginati ; ultimus obtuse angulatus, ad angulum maculis nigris gran- diusculis subdistantibus ornatus, lateribus convexiusculus ; apertura mediocriter lata, infra medium latior, columella basi valide contorta, turgido subumbilicata, labrum acutum, superne parum sinuatum, inferne arcuatum. Long. 75, lat. o2 mill. A handsome species, of which two specimens were received by Mr. John Brazier from the Solomon Islands. The type is now in Mr. Melvill’s collection ; the other specimen, which I have not seen, remains at Sydney in Mr. Brazier’s collec- tion. The body of the shell is delicately coloured, and very sparingly spotted, but the spire is very boldly marked and handsome. 503. surFusus, Sowerby (f. 727).—C. testa turbinata, solida, pallide carnea, roseo pallide suffusa et obscure fasciata, liris numerosis subobsoletis transversim cincta; spira lata, breyi; anfractus 9, planiusculi, obtuse coronati; ultimus obtuse angulatus, ad angulum tuberculis obtusis coronatus ; apertura modica, versus basin paulo latior, fauce pallide rosacea, columeila basi leviter contorta, vix plicata, labrum superne mediocriter sinuatum. Long. 55, lat. 30 mill. Crosse described in the ‘ Journal de Conchologie,’ 1872, p. 155, var. B Noumeensis, of a uniform pale flesh tint without bands; the specimen is covered with a light fulvous epidermis. Has. New Caledonia. 504. COoRRUGATUS, Sowerby (f. 728).—C. testa parva, acuminata, liris duplicatis subrugosis granulatis et interstitiis minutissime sculptis cincta, albida, pallide griseo fasciata, fusco strigata et punctata; spira elata, acuminata, fusco radiata ; anfractus cancellati, acute angulati. A more slender and much more finely sculptured shell than CO. verrucosus, with the edges of the whorls neatly spotted with brown. Has. unknown. CONUS. 267 505. Evetina, Sowerby (f. 729).—C. testa elongato-tur- binata, fulva, fusco-strigata, zona pallida infra medium cincta ; spira elatiuscula, regulariter conica, apice prominente, papil- lari ; anfractus planato-declives, serie tuberculorum marginati, spiraliter 4—striati, ultimus superne subacute angulatus, infra angulum levissime convexus, basin versus attenuatus sulcatus ; apertura angusta basin versus paulo latior, fauce albida. Long. 28, lat. 14 mill. Specimen in the collection of Mr. Melvill. Has. unknown. 506. piaNTHUS, Sowerby (f. 730).—C. testa elongato-tur- binata, pallidissime rosacea, maculis grandibus irregularibus aurantiis sparsim picta, liris transversis subdistantibus leviter corrugatis cincta, striis longitudinalibus tenuissimis undulatis sculpta; spira parum elevata, vix concava; anfractus 10, planato declives, prope suturam levissime undulati, ultimus obtuse angulatus, ad angulum obscurissime coronatus, supra angulum leviter concavus, infra convexiusculus, basin versus parum attenuatus; apertura modica, infra medium paulo latior, fauce rosacea, columella basi contorta, turgidula, sub- umbilicata, labrum acutum superne vix sinuatum. Long. 28, lat. 13 mill. A very pretty delicate pink species with a few large irregular orange blotches. The fine undulating striz in crossing the transverse ribs form minute scales. The only specimen known is in Mr. Melvill’s collection. Has. unknown. 507. SEMIVELATUS, Sowerby (f. 731).—C. testa pyriformi, ceeruleo-purpurea, postice albida ; spira breviuscula, convexa; anfractus leviter convexi, leeviusculi, ultimus vix angulatus, rotundatus, ventricosus, basi multo attenuatus; apertura angusta, fauce purpurea, columella basi plicata, contorta, subumbilicata, labrum acutum, superne arcuatum, haud sinu- atum. Long. 16, lat. 10 mill. A remarkable little pyriform species, of very unusual colour. ‘The whole of the spire, and the top of the last whorl is white, and the rest of the shell of a uniform plum-colour. Specimen in Mr. Melvill’s collection. Has. Red Sea. 508. PRYTANIS, Sowerby (f. 732).—C. testa subpyriformi, pallide fusca, longitudinaliter fusco strigata, zona pallida 268 CONUS. angusta paululum infra medium cincta; spira breviter conica ; anfractus serie tuberculorum marginati, ultimus ad angulum tuberculis elevatis acutiusculis albidis coronatus, infra angu- lum convexus, infra medium constrictus, oblique costatus ; apertura modica, supra et infra subeequaliter lata, fauce pallide purpurea, columella basi contorta, labrum acutum, superne vix sinuatum. Long. 35, lat. 20 mill. Has. Gallapagos. Type in Mr. Melvill’s collection. 509. TayLorianus, Smith (f. 733).—C. testa parva, bre- viter conica, saturate fusca, albo maculata; spira breviuscula, eradata, ad apicem leviter prominente, albo variegata ; anfrac~ tus 9, superne declives, angulati, ad angulum coronati, stris spiralibus paucis sculpti, ultimus superne coronatus et angu- latus, infra angulum levissime convexus, spiraliter puncto- striatus, ad angulum maculis magnis remotis niveis et pau- lulum infra medium maculis ejusdem coloris ornatus, et prope basin niveo punctatus ; apertura angusta, fauce fusco violacea, albo maculata; labrum superne vix sinuatum. Long. 20, lat. 11 mill. Specimen from the collection of Mr. T. Lombe Taylor now in the British Museum. Has. Australia. 510. RACEMOosUS, Sowerby (f. 734).—C. testa cylindraceo- turbinata, subyventricosa, solidula, levi, fusco-aurantiaca, lineis obscuris sparsim albo articulatis transverse cingulata, et cumulis macularum albarum trigonarum in series tres dis- tantes dispositis ornata; spira convexiuscula, apice subob- tuso; anfractus planato declives, ultimus obtusissime angu- latus. Long. 54, lat. 25 mill. At first sight this shell bears very much the aspect of C. crocatus, but it is of a more obtuse and ventricose form. The specimen is now in Mr. Melvill’s collection. 511. atpospira, Smith (f. 735).—C. testa breviter conica, alba, zonis duabus vel tribus strigarum pallide olivaceo-fus- carum picta ; eae concava, breviuscula, ad apicem dilute carnea; anfractus 9-10, declives, plani, vix gradati, liris tenuibus tribus Giana incrementique lineis sculpti; ulti- mus superne subacute angulatus, ad latera leviter convexus, striis transversis supra medium tenuissimis sed inferne pro- fundioribus et subpunctatis insculpti; apertura supra angusta, versus basin latior, dilutissime lilaceo-alba, labrum ad angu- Jum yix emarginatum. Long. 27, lat. 14 mill. CONUS. 269 A simple white shell, rather strongly striated towards the base, and faintly coloured with rather distant light-brown longitudinal streaks, arranged in three transverse zones. The type is in the British Museum. Locality unknown. 512. NEPTUNOIDES, Smith (f. 736).—C. testa elongata, roseo-albida, lineis fuscis irregulariter reticulata, paululum supra pauloque infra medium fascia lata interrupta indistincta ejusdem coloris cincta ; spira elevata, concava, gradata, lineis contortis fuscis radiatim picta; anfr. circ. 10, superne de- clives, leviter excavati, striis tribus spiraliter sculpti, carina subacuta marginati; ultimus superne rotunde angulatus, infra angulum aliquanto convexus, deinde rectiusculus, transversim tenuiter striatus, infra medium sulcis angustis remotis 10-12 oblique sculptus; apertura mediocriter lata, inferne aliquanto latior, fauce dilute rosacea, columella basi plicata, oblique contorta, inflata, labrum superne leviter arcuatum, vix sinuatum. Long. 45, lat. 20 mill. This is the same species as that figured Pl. XXV. figs, 613, 614, as varieties of C. Lienardi, from which it is prob- ably distinct. The specimen labelled ‘ Australia’ passed from the Taylor collection into that of the British Museum. 513. Coxent, Brazier (f. 737).—C. testa lata, angulata, utringue acuminata, pallidissime flavidula, longitudinaliter fulvo flammulata; spira elatissima, subgradata; anfractus spiraliter trisulcati, carinati, carina obtusa fulvo maculata ; anfr. ultimus infra angulum levigatus, deinde sulcis circ. 20 puncturatis spiraliter sculptus; apertura modica. A very distinct species, known to me only from the figure in the ‘ Proceedings of the Zoological Society,’ which I have copied. 514. Lompet, Sowerby (f. 739).—C. testa elongato-turbin- ata, solidiuscula, rufo-fusca: spira elevata, acuta, anfractus superne declives, leeves, angulati, ad angulum maculis albidis numerosis ornati; ultimus superne sub-acute angulatus, ad latera prope rectus, leevigatus, basin versus oblique sulcatus ; apertura angusta, fauce purpurea, labrum ad angulum vix emarginatum. Long. 22, lat. 10 mill. A small reddish-brown cone, with a purple interior, and white spots on the angle and spire giving it a coronated ap- pearance, although the angle is free from nodules. The spe- 270 CONUS. cimen now in the British Museum was labelled ‘ Mauritius’ in the collection of the late Thos. Lombe Taylor. 515. Bay et, Jousseaume (f. 740).—C. testa elongato-tur- binata, leeviuscula, pallide carnea, maculis fulvis irregularibus 4-seriatim picta ; spira breviuscula, concavo-conica ; anfractus planato-declives, transversim subtilissime serrato-striati, haud spiraliter striati; ultimus superne angulatus, infra angulum convexiusculus, basin versus attenuatus; apertura angusta, fauce carnea. Long. 82, lat. 17 mill. Has. ? Figure copied from the ‘ Magasin de Zoologie.’ 516. Eques, Brug. (f. 741).—C. testa obesa, pyriformis, levigata, antice oblique sulcata, albida, fulvo tincta fasciata et strigata, fusco irregulariter bifasciatim grandi-maculata et flammulata. This is a somewhat doubtful species which has been vari- ously quoted as belonging to catus, quinaicus, &c., but from the figure, which seems a good one, and of which I give a copy, I certainly cannot identify it with either, and think it may very possibly prove a good and distinct species. 517. pitectus, Gould (f. 742).—C. testa parva gracilis, conica, albida, ferrugineo concinne reticulata, et seriebus binis macularum candidarum et rufarum alternantium cincta ; spira elevata, concayo-conica ; anfr. octo ad novem, angulatis, coronatis, postice striatis, ultimo inermi, antice sex ad octo sulcato; apertura linearis; columella recta; fauce incarnata. (Gould.) Has. Feejee Islands. 518. rristis, Reeve (f. 743).—C. testa sub-fusiformi, alba, leevigata, antice sulcata ; spira mediocriter elevata, convexius- cula; anfractus subplanato-declives, spiraliter striati, primi nodulis minutissimis marginati, apice mucronato ; anfr. ulti- mus superne obtuse angulatus, ad angulum haud coronatus, ad latera convexiusculus. This species was accidentally omitted from the old mono- graph. 519. cLarus, Smith (f.744).—C. testa abbreviato-turbinata, dilute rosacea, basin versus oblique sulcata; spira breviter conica, apice acuto, lateribus leviter concavis ; anfractus 8-9, plani, declives, parum gradati, striis tenuibus cire. 7, spiraliter CONUS. AA | sculpti; anfractus ultimus superne ad angulum subacute carinatus, infra carinam vyix convexus, lateribus fere rectilinearibus ; apertura angusta, pallide rosacea, labrum vix arcuatum, sinu superiore inconspicuo. Long. 27, lat. 14 mill. (Smith). Has. W. Australia. 520. DoLIUM, Boivin (f. 745).—C. testa subcylindracea, le- viter inflata, tenuiuscula, alba, maculis grandibus aurantiis, aut flavidis, aut fuscis irregulariter picturatis, bifasciatim dis- positis ornata; spira complanata, ad apicem paulo elevata ; anfractus planato depressi, spiraliter striati; sutura anguste canaliculata ; anfr. ultimus superne obtuse angulatus, infra an- gulum conyexus, deinde subventricosus, basin versus leviter constrictus, sulcatus; apertura latiuscula, inferne dilatata ; columella plicata, oblique contorta, turgida; labrum superne vix sinuatum. Allied to CO. spectrum, of a more inflated form. 521. BarTHELEMYI, Bernardi (f. 746).—C. testa oblongo- turbinata, solida, aurantia, zona roseo-alba in medio cingulata, et maculis nigro-fuscis raris subrotundatis in zona ipsa aut in vicinio zone ornata; spira abbreviato-conica, profunde canali- culata alba, fusco aurantioque variegata et flammulata, sutura marginata, apice obtusiusculo ; anfractus 6-10, striati ; ultimus obtuse angulatus, infra angulum aliquanto convexus deinde rectiusculus ; apertura angusta, basin versus paulo latior, fauce alba; columella basi oblique contorta, valde callosa, aurantia. Long. 70, lat. 37 mill. Not being acquainted with this handsome shell, my father thought it might bea variety of C. aurisiacus ; it seems to me, however, quite sufficiently distinct to be regarded as a species. 522. GLoyneI, Sowerby (f. 747).—C. testa abbreviato- turbinata, solida, castanea, fusco late bifasciata ; spira abbre- viata, conica, fusca ; anfractus superne leviterconcayi, spiraliter profunde trisulcati; anfr. ultimus ad angulum _leviter coronatus, infra angulum levissime convexus, leeviusculus, vel minutissime striatus, basin versus valide costatus ; apertura angusta, albida; labrum ad angulum leviter emarginatum. Long. 26, diam. 16 millim. A short brown Cone of no very striking character, except- ing perhaps that the grooves of the spire are unusually deep. Although of ordinary appearance, I cannot identify it with O72 CONUS, any known species. The shell was given me by Mr. C. P. Gloyne, who had no information as to its habitat. 523. KopeLti, Libbecke (f. 748).—C. testa regulariter conica, angulata, solida, leevigata, striis incrementi distinctis, regularibus, supra arcuatis et ad basin liris confertis spiralibus sculpta, luteo-fusca, zona pallida infra medium cincta; spira conica, gradata, anfractus 10-11, spiraliter lirati, carinati ; ultimus subacute angulatus; apertura angusta, fauce alba, abrum acutum superne angulatum. Long. 42, lat. 24 mill. Specimen in the Libbecke collection. Has. unknown. 524. FUSCO-MACULATUS, Smith (f. 749).—C. testa elongato- subcylindracea, antice paululum attenuata, dilute carneo-pur- purea, maculis fuscis numerosis quadratis seriatim dispositis ornata; spira fusca concavo-acuminata; anfractus 12, spiraliter subtiliter striati, sutura albescente divisi, ultimus superne obtuse angulatus, inferne albo oblique costatus, costis leviter granulatis ; apertura pallide purpurea. Long. 37, lat. 16 mill. Has. ? Nearly allied to C. lynceus. 525. RopiLiarpi, Bernardi (f. 750).—C. testa elongata, nitida; anfr. 9-10, subgradati et carinati, concentrice sulcati ; ultimus carinatus, antice punctis excavatis approximatis, in series plures concentrice regulariterque dispositis notatus ; postice leevior, ad suturam sulcatus; apertura recta, margini- bus parallelis; spira alba, maculis subquadratis brunneis ornata; anfractus ultimus fulvus, fascia alba, transversa, media, maculis rufis interrupta, cinctus. Long. 27, lat. 14 mill. (Bernardi.) 526. Bayant, Jousseaume (f. 751).—C. testa elongata, angustiuscula, albida, rufo-fusco irregulariter bifasciatim maculata et longitudinaliter flammulata, postice acute angu- lata, deinde attenuata, leviter inflexa, antice sulcata; spira concavo-acuminata; apertura angustissima, fauce pallidissime violacea. Long. 55, lat. 23 mill. This shell, known to me only by the figure in the ‘Magasin de Zoologie,’ may possibly be a very angular, com- pressed, and sparsely-coloured form of C. generalis. Its habitat is unknown. CONUS. 273 527. Futon, Sowerby (f. 758).—C. testa sub-pyriformi, nigro-fusca, maculis grandibus albidis irregulariter picturatis paulum infra medium balteata; spira brevissima, albida, ad apicem paulo exserta ; anfractus 10, spiraliter rugoso-sulcati, primi planato declives, sequentes “concaviusculi, tuberculis oblongis planulatis fere obsoletis, interstitiis fusco maculatis, marginati; ultimus superne angulatus, ad angulum tuberculis albis planulatis confertiusculis vix elevatis coronatus, infra angulum turgidulus, basin versus attenuatus, leviter con- strictus, liris 6-7 leviter granulatis sculptus; apertura modica, fauce dilute purpurea, columella basi oblique contorta, albida, labrum acutum, purpureo-fusco limbatum, supra angulum profunde sinuatum. Long. 23, lat. 14 mill. A single specimen received with Singapore shells. 528. AKABENSIS, Sowerby (f. 752-3).—C. testa turbinata, albida, epidermide fusco-flavida induta; spira parum elevata, vix gradata, apice mamillato, sutura anguste canaliculata ; anfractus 10, planato-declives, spiraliter 5-6 sulcati, carina obtusa marginati; ultimus superne angulatus, infra angulum aliquanto convexus, subtilissime undato-striatus, sulcis re- motiusculs brevibus, basin versus profundioribus et confertiori- bus cinctus; apertura latiuscula, basin versus paulo latior, fauce albida, columella mediocriter contorta, labrum acutum, superne parum sinuatum. Long. 46, lat. 22 mill. A single specimen in the British Museum, from Akaba (Red Sea). 529. Martensi, Smith (f. 755).—C. testa turbinata, antice multo attenuata, aurantia; spira parum elevata, gradata ; anfractus 10, angulati, spiraliter 3-4 sulcati, ultimus medio- criter angulatus, infra angulum aliquanto convexus; apertura angustissima, fauce carnea, columella contorta, labrum acutum, superne mediocriter sinuatum. Long. 34, lat. 124 mill. A single specimen in the British Museum from Providence Reef, ft cesrecnice. 24 fath. 530. WernkaurFrFl, Libbecke (f. 760).—C. testa regulariter conica, ponderosa, leviuscula, lineis incrementi tenuissimis, superne arcuatis, ad basin liris distinctibus distantibus, regu- lariter dispositis castaneo articulatis sculpta, alba, maculis nigro-castaneis quadrangularibus interdum confluentibus ma- joribus et minoribus fasciatim et strigatim dispositis ubique ornata; spira elata, castaneo maculata; anfr. 11-12 sub- 4E 274. CONUS. gradati, apice regulariter conico, exserto; anfr. ultimus superne obtuse angulatus, supra angulum leviter concavus, basi rugosus, rotundatus; apertura mediocriter lata, fauce alba, columella haud contorta, labrum acutum, superne pro- funde sinuatum. Long. 80, lat. 42 mill. 531. LONGURIONIS, Kiener (f. 759).—C. testa elongatis- sima, angusta, utrinque attenuata, subulata, transversim sulcata, albo-lutea, maculis rufo-aurantiis quadrangularibus transversim obsolete bifasciata ; spira elata, acutissima. Allied to C. aculeiformis but possibly distinct. It appears to be a smooth shell with narrow grooves, not cancellated. The figure is copied from NKiener. 532. aLpus, Sowerby (f. 761).—C. testa elongata, alba, leeviuscula, transversim subtilissime striata, antice minute lirata ; spira breviter conica, ad apicem paulo elata; sutura impressa; anfractus 10, spiraliter subtilissime striati, pri- mi 5 plano-declives, sequentes 6—8 levissime coronati, deinde concayo-depressi ; ultimus superne sub-acute angulatus, infra angulum aliquanto convexus, ad medium rectiusculus vel levissime constrictus, basin versus paulo attenuatus ; apertura mediocriter lata, basin versus paulo latior, columella basi plicata, oblique contorta, turgida, labrum acutum, superne sat profunde sinuatum, inferne arcuatum. Long. 49, lat. 26, mill. A white shell very obscurely coronated in the middle of spire. Locality unknown. 533. cEanicus, H. Ad. (f. 756).—C. testa elongato-tur- binata, solidiuscula, antice lirata, attenuata, cinereo-alba, fusco fasciata et nebulata, floccis albis sparsis picta; spira elevata, apice roseo ; anfractus 8 leviter convexi, tuberculati, spiraliter subtilissime striati, ulttmus ad angulum tuberculis acutiusculis subremotis coronatus, infra angulum convexus, basin versus attenuatus; apertura angusta, fauce violacea, labrnm acutum, superne sub-profunde sinuatum. Long. 25, lat. 13 mill. Has. Mauritius. 534. exauisirus, Sowerby (f. 757).—C. testa parva, elongato-turbinata, liris transversis, postice obsoletis antice majis conspicuis exsculpta, alba, flammulis aurantiis oblique angulatis late bifasciatim dispositis pulcherrime picta; spira CONUS. , 270 regulariter conica, mediocriter elevata, sub-gradata, apice roseo; anfractus 8 primi levigati, sequentes tuberculis minu- tissimis marginati, ultimus subacute angulatus ad angulum tuberculis circiter 20 minutis coronatus, infra angulum recti- usculus, basin versus attenuatus; apertura angusta, fauce carnea, columella basi leviter callosa roseo tincta, labrum acutum fere rectum, superne vix sinuatum. Long. 24, lat. 12 mill. A charming little species, with bold angular orange flames, and a minutely tubercled crown. The specimen fell from the mouth of a Fusus Dupetitthouarsi from California, but as there were shells from other localities with it, its habitat cannot with certainty be stated. SPECIES UNIDENTIFIED. 535. Sopuiz, Brazier, Proc. Linn. Soc., N.S.W., 1876, p. 7. Solomon Is. 536. RossiTERI, Brazier, Proc. Zool. Soc., 1870, p. 109. 537. Coox1, Brazier, Proc. Zool. Soc., 1870. 538. CaRMELI, 7’. Woods, Proc. Roy. Soc., Tasmania, 13763 pe @ 539. MacLeayanvs, J’. Woods, Proc. Roy. Soc., Tasmania. 540. TASMANICUS, .. 3 - 541. purus, Pease, Proc. Zool. Soc., 1862. ) Sie i cane se] i State _ - 5 Ve a ote Lt ae ae ae mu = ; ese AS a, OA ay ; ng be - CONUS. (INDEX TO SUPPLEMENT) acutimarginatus, So., 432, f. 640. africanus, Kie. = mercator var. akabensis, So., 528, f. 752-3. alabaster, Rve., 445, f. 631. albospira, Sm., 511, f. 735. albus, So., 532, £. 761. altispiratus, So., 496, f. 720. anabathrum, C7., 434, f. 639. anaglyptus, Cr., 406, f. 605-6. andamanensis, Sm.,478,f. 689. archetypus, Cr.=daucus var., f. 330 and 645. armillatus, Ad.=verrucosus. articulatus, So., 460, f. 667. baccatus, So., 455, f. 660. barthelemyi, Bernardi, 521, f. 746. bayani, Jowss., 526, f. 751. baylei, Jowss., 515, f. 740. blanfordianus, Cr., 492, f. 716. bocki, So., 454, f. 659. borbonicus, Ad.=tulipa, juv. borneensis, So., 439=magus, var., f. 648. brazieri, So., 502, f. 726. cabritii, Bern., 427, f. 632. celine, ’ Bern, "416, i 623. caledonicus, Hw., 138, £1699. _candidus, Kien., 469, f. 674. carmeli, T. Woods, p. 275. carnalis, So., 453, f. 657. carpentert, Cr.=ermineus. cecillie, Bern., 426, f. 631.* cernicus, H. Ad., 533, f. 756. chenui, Bern., 418, f. 624. circumsignatus, Cr., 433, f. 620. clarus, Sm., 519, f. 744. commodus, A. Ad., 479, f. 690. complanatus, Sow., 441, f. 650-1. compressus, So., 404, f. 602, 603. concatenatus, So., 449, f. 654. concinnus, So., 438, f. 646 =sapphyrostoma, Weink. concinnus, Brod.—Fam. Co- lumbellide. condensus, So., 417, f. 622 consanguineus, Sm., 494, f. 718. consil, Boiv., 443=magus var. f. 509. cooki, Braz., p. 275. cordigerus, So., 437, as nobilis v. f. 498. coronatus, Dillw.=minimus. corrugatus, So., 504, f. 728. couderti, Bern., 421, f. 627. coxeni, Braz., 513, £. 737. croceus, Sm., 476, f. 685. crosseanus, Bern., 422, f. 628-9. 278 CONUS. cuneatus, So., 500, f. 724. cuneiformis, Sm., 480, f. 691. cuvieri, Cr. = deshayesii, Rve. non Bell. dalli, Stearns=panniculus. daphne, Boiv., 425, f. 630.* daullei, Cr. =anceps. dianthus, So., 506, f. 730. dilectus, Gould, 517, £. 742. dolium, Boiv., 520, f. 745. dusavelli, H. Ad., 489, f. 712. epistomioides, Weink.= ma- gus. eques, Brug., 516, f. 741. eveline, So., 505, f. 729. excayatus, So., 411, f. 616. exquisitus, So., 534, £. 757, fergusoni, So., 470, f. 675. Aloridanus, Sowb.=candidus. floridensis, Gabb.=candidus. frauenfeldi, Cr., 444. fultoni, So., 527, £. 758. fulvocinctus, Cr., 490, f. 713. fuscomaculatus, Sm., 524, f. 749. fusiformis, Pse., fam, Colum- bellidee. gemmulatus, So., 464, f. 669. gillet, Jouss.=panniculus. gloynei, So., 522, f. 747. gracilis, So., 450, £. 655. gradatulus, Wk., 468, f. 673. guestiert, Lor. = mediter- raneus. henroquei, Bern.=vittatus. inconstans, Sm., 487, f. 700. jickelii, Wk., 472, f. 678-9. jucundus, So., 485, f. 696-7. julii, Leén., 493, £. 717. kobelti, L0bb., 523, f. 748. lamberti, Sowv., 486, f. 698. laterculatus, So., 497, f. 721. lictor, Boiv.=lineatus var. lienardi, Bern., 409, f. 611- 614. lischkeanus, Wk., 477, f. 687-8. lizardensis, Cr., 446, f. 642. lobbeckeanus, Wk., 488, f. 701. lombei, So., 514, f. 739. longurionis, A7., 531, f. 759. lubeckianus, Bern. = specio- sissimus. macare, Bern., 412, f. 617. macei, Cr., 415, f. 621. macleayanus, Z’. W., p. 275. maltzanianus, Wk., 471, f. 676-7. martensi, Sm., 529, f. 755. mazei, Desh., 491, f. 714. melvilli, So., 448, f. 653. metcalfei, Ang., 482, f. 693. mirmillo, Cr.=senator. miser, oiv., 423, f. 630. moussoni, C'r., 407, f. 607, 638. multicatenatus, So., 428, f. 633-4. multilineatus, So., 457, f. 662. neglectus, Pease=flavidus. neptunoides, Sm., 512, f. 736. nigrescens, So., 413, f. 618. nodulosus, So., 429, f. 635. papalis, Wk.=coronatus, Rve. parvus, Pse., fam. colum- bellidee. pauluccie, So., 452, f. 658. pazi, Bern., 440, f£. 649. peasert, Braz.=flavidus. planaxis, Desh., 419, f. 625. planiliratus, So., 499, f. 723. pohlianus, So., 474, f. 682-3. politus, Whk., 475, £. 684. prevosti, So., 459, f. 664. propinquus, Sm., 463, f. 668. proximus, So., 414, f. 619. prytanis, So., 508, f. 732. pseudo-marmoreus, Cr., 501, f. 725. purus, Pse., p. 275. quadrato-maculatus, Sow., 431, f. 637-8. racemosus, So., 510, f. 734. rarimaculatus, So., 467, f. 672. ravus, Gould=Californicus. reflexus, So., 456, f. 661. robillardi, Bern., 525, f. 750. CONUS. 279 rollandi, Bern., 442, f. 652. roseo-tinctus, So., 405, f. 604. rossiteri, Braz., p. 275. sapphyrostoma, Wh., f. 646= concinnus, Sows. schech, Jick.=amadis var., f. Ke: secutor, Cr.=guiniacus 4 semisulcatus, So., 462, f. 666. semivelatus, So., 507, f. 731. signifer, Cr.=Jamaicensis 4 smithi, Ang., 481, f. 692. sophie, Braz., p. 275. spiroglossus, Desh., 420, f. 626. stearnsi, Cour. =peali. straturatus, So., 408, f. 609, 610. striolatus, Rve., 447, f. 327-8. subcarinatus, So., 410, f. 615. submarginatus, So., 465, f. 670. suffusus, So., 503, f. 727. July 1887. superscriptus, So., 451, f. 656. sutoreanus, Wk., 473, f. 680-1. sydneyensis, So., 483, f. 694. tamsianus, Dkr. = mediter- raneus. tasmaniz, So., 430, f. 636. tasmanicus, T. W., p. 275. taylorianus, Sm., 509, f. 733. tegulatus, So., 461, f. 665. tenuisulcatus, So., 466, f. 671. thomasi, So., 458, f. 663. traversianus, Sm., 495, £.719. tribunus, Cr.=hyena 4 tristis, Rve., 518, f. 743. turriculatus, So., 435, f. 643-4. turritus, So.=gradatulus. vayssetianus, Cr., 484, f. 695. villepini, Bern., 424, f. 629.* violaceus var. f. 715. weinkaufh, L6bb., 530, f. 760. ) 5 = b] wilmeri, So., 498, f. 722. SECOND SUPPLEMENT TO MONOGRAPH OF THE GENUS NOLUT Ae (SEQUEL TO P. 272, Vou. III.) 75. WIsEMANI, Brazier (f. 139).—V. testa oblongo-ovata, crassiuscula, pallide fulvida, aurantio alboque maculata et nebulata ; spira mediocriter elevata, apice obtusulo ; anfractus 6, planiusculi, 3 primi tenuissime granulosi, quartus tuberculis minutis subacutis marginatus, ultimus supra medium angu- latus, ad angulum tuberculis acutis elevatis albis armatus; apertura latiuscula, fauce carnea, columella leviter arcuata, albida, valide quadriplicata, labrum crassiusculum. The specimen figured belongs to the collection of M. Dupuis at St. Omer. Mr. Brazier’s type in the ‘Journal de Conchyliologie’ is rather longer and narrower in proportion, and the markings in two bands are of a reddish brown. Has. N. E. Australia. 76. MacAnprewl, Sowerby (f. 140-1).—V. testa sub- cylindrica, solidiuscula, albida, pallidissime fusco vel fulyo tincta, lineis fuscis pulcherrime undulatis longitudinaliter picta ; spira conica, breviuscula, sutura encaustica fere clausa, apice acutiusculo ; anfractus 6, 3 primi convexi sub-pellucidi, deinde planiusculi ; apertura latiuscula, fauce fusca, columella alba, quadriplicata, labrum acutiusculum, leviter arcuatum, in vicinio suturee profunde emarginatum. Long. 55, lat. 24 mill. A pretty species allied to Hlhoti, Turneri, and Jamracht, with the markings of widulata. The two specimens figured (young and adult) are in the collection of Mr. J. J. MacAndrew. A third specimen in the same collection is but little larger 4H 298 -VOLUTA. than fig. 141, although quite adult, well formed and in ex- quisite condition. Has. W. Australia. 77. JAMRACHI, Gray (f. 142).—V. testa oblongo-ovata, albida, fulvo-tincta, longitudinaliter fusco-strigata; spira acute-conica, breviuscula, sutura canaliculata ; apertura latius- cula, infra medium dilatata, columella 4-plicata, labrum acutiusculum. Long. 55, lat. 24 mill. This species was described by Dr. Gray as a variety of Turneri, but it is an easily recognised species and not to be confounded with T'urneri or Ellioti. Has. W. Australia. 78. RoapnicHt#, McCoy (f. 143).—V. testa ovata, solidiuscula, pallidissime flavidula, lineis fuscis sparsis angu- lariter undulatis longitudinaliter scripta ; spira elata, pullus ad apicem magnus, rotundatus, obliquus; anfr. convexi, superne striis tenuibus cire. 10 spiraliter sculpti, costati, costis nume- rosis, rotundatis, in anfractu ultimo evanidis; apertura lata, columella tenuiter triplicata. Has. ? MEGASPIRA, var. Prevostiana, f. 144 (Voluta Prevostiana, Crosse). Having compared this shell with the type of V. megaspira in the British Museum, I am convinced that it belongs to the same species. It is larger and more inflated, and the body whorl is larger in proportion to the spire, and more contracted at the base. 79. CONIFORMIS, Cox (f. 145).—-V. testa oblongo-pyriformi vel coniformi, solida, fulvescente-fusca, fusco saturatiore obscure trifasciata, maculis trigonis Ineequalibus numerosis interdum confluentibus albis irregulariter undique conspersa; spira brevissima, obtusa, apice rotundato; sutura impressa; anfr. 6 conyvexiusculi, longitudinaliter valide et regulariter striati, transversim lineis validis decussati; apertura subangustata, intus violaceo-fusca, columella quadriplicata, plicis 4 parvis, labrum simplice, superne et inferne arcuatum, in medio leviter constrictum. A very remarkable species, somewhat approaching J. bullata in form, with markings somewhat like those of Conus aulicus. The shell is only known to me from the figure in the Journal de Conchyliologie, which I have copied. VOLUTAs 299 80. Kinet, Cox (f. 146).—V. testa elongato-ovata, pon- derosa, polita, fusco-flavida aut fulva; spira breviuscula, acu- minata, sutura Impressa; anfractus conyexi, ultimus ventricus, basin versus constrictus; apertura longiuscula, mediocriter lata, fauce aurantia, columella quadriplicata, labrum incras- satum. Long. 25, lat. 57 mill. 81. THatcHeRI, McCoy (147).—V. testa elongata, solida, pallide aurantia, infra suturas et ad basin serie macularum rubrarum, et undique maculis albidis trigonis elongatis et cordiformibus inzequalibus numerosis interdum confluentibus irregulariter ornata, obscure rubro interruptim bifasciata ; spira elata; anfr. 8, primi 5 leevi, lente accrescentes, deinde leviter concayi, costato tuberculati; ultimus obtuse angulatus, ad angulum.tuberculis infra costeeformibus armatus, in medio rectiusculus, basin versus levissime attenuatus; apertura elongata, angusta, fauce rosea, columella 8-plicata, labrum crassum. Long. 95, lat. 34 mill. The magnificent specimen figured, so much finer than the original type, is now in the collection of Mr. J. J. MacAndrew, by whom it was purchased from the collection of the late Dr. Prevost. 82. Rucker, Crosse (f. 148).—V. testa oblongo-ovata, crassiuscula, pallide carneo-albida, punctulis aurantio-fuscis, et maculis albidis minutis undique creberrime notata, maculis rufis irregularibus subdistantibus plerumque grandibus trifas- ciatim dispositis ornata; spira mediocriter elongata, apice obtuso, leviter costato; anfractus 7, planiusculi, ultimus obtu- sissime angulatus, ad angulum interdum obtuse tuberculatus ; apertura elongato-ovata, supra medium coarctata, fauce vivide rubro-carnea; columella valide quadriplicata; labrum plus minusve incrassatum. A somewhat variable species intermediate between /. piperita and V. rutila. 83. KREUSLER#, Angas (f. 150).—V. testa elongato-fusi- formi, subangustata, pallide fulvo-lutea; spira turrita, apice papillari; anfractibus levibus, in medio angulatis et plicato nodosis, ad suturas castaneo maculatis, ultimo fere 3 longo, testam adzequante, maculis aurantiaco-fuscis, trigonato ; labro simplici; columella subrecta, 4-plicata, et callo tenui induta. (Angas.) South Australia (Coll. Archer), 300 YOLUTA. A very distinct and remarkable species, of which I believe only one specimen is known. 84. AuSTRALIZ, Cow (f. 151).—V. testa elongato-turbi- nata, tenuiuscula, rufo-aurantia, conspicue nigro-fusco fulgu- rata; spira conica, mediocriter elevata, apice papillari ; anfractus plano-declives, ultimus supra medium obtuse angu- latus, infra angulum fere rectus; apertura elongata, fauce intense rufo-aurantia, columella rectiuscula, valide quinque- plicata. A handsomely marked species known to me only by the figure in the Proceedings of the Zool. Soc. which I have copied. The type appears to be a young shell, and, hand- some as it is, a fully developed specimen would be still handsomer. 85. HarGravest, Angas (f. 154).—V. testa oblongo-ovata, rufo-fusca, maculis albis plerumque triangularibus undique ornata; spira elatiuscula, ad apicem obtusissima; anfractus 5 convexi; apertura parviuscula, pallide flavo-carnea, columella 3—4-plicata. A very handsome, brilliantly coloured species, of which only a single specimen is known, and the habitat unknown. 86. minima, Sowerby (f. 152).—V. minuta, fusiformi, solida, laevigata, alba, maculis et flammulis castaneis bifascia- tim dispositis ornata; spira elevata, apice obtuso, papillari ; anfractus 54 convexiusculi; apertura anguste ovata, colu- mella quadriplicata. Long. 9, lat. 32 mill. Has. Port Jackson Head, 25 fath. (Brazier). This is Angas’ Microvoluta Australis. It is a very inter- esting little shell, and may be considered as a distinct genus, or as a sub-genus, but including it in Voluta I am obliged to change the specific name. 87. Kaupu, Dunker (f. 167).—V. testa ovato-oblonga, crassiuscula, levis, gilva, albida, maculis ferrugineis irregu- laribus ex parte tessellatis variegata; spira breviuscula, conica, ad apicem obtusa; anfractus 6, convexiusculi, infra suturam distinctam irregulariter papillarem subexcayati, ultimus maximus, subangulatus; apertura magna, labrum paulo incrassatum, postice subalatum ; columella perparum sinuata plicis quatuor crassis instructa. Long. 56, lat. 28 mill. Has. New Zealand. VOLUTA. 30] 88. PusiLLa, Schrenck (f. 153).—V. testa parva, fusiformi, lutescente-castanea, prope suturam linea albo et rufo articu- lata cincta, caeterum rufo minute maculata, maculis in series radiales interruptas dispositis; spira exserta, apice acutius- culo; anfractus 6-planati, longitudinaliter sulcati; apertura elongata, Iutescente-castanea, columella recta, biplicata, plicis albis, superiore parva, subobsoleta, labrum vix incrassatum, arcuatum, A very small species resembling some of the forms of Mitra, in which genus it might perhaps more properly be placed. Has. Japan. ; 89. ARCHERI, Angas (f. 155-6).—V. testa ovata, solida, basi recurva, longitudinaliter valde lirato-costata; costis obtusis, vix flexuosis, ad marginem parvis, gradatim evanidis, interstitus leevibus; pallide carneo-fusca, insterstitiis fuscis, costis lineis tenuibus castaneis ornatis ; spira subacuminata ; anfr. 6 convexiusculi, superne fusco irregulariter maculati ; apertura oblonga, latiuscula, fauce pallide carnea, columella basi triplicata, plicis numerosis supra exsculpta; labrum incrassatum, interne dentatum, ad marginem tenue, punctis minutis nigro-fuscis ornatum. A lovely little species belonging to the Lyria section. The only specimen known, from Montserrat, West Indies, is in the collection of Mr. Archer. 90. TissoTrana, Crosse (f. 157).—V. testa ovato-elongata, crassiuscula, polita, flavida, zonis et maculis castaneis irregu- laribus picta; spira mediocriter elevata, obtusiuscula, sutura impressa, apice rotundato; apertura mediocriter lata, fauce flavicante, columella valide quadriplicata, labrum incrassa- tum. Long. 92, lat. 49 mill. Allied to V. flavicans, of which it is possibly a variety. Locality unknown. 91. CarucarTIZ, Reeve (f. 158).—V. testa oblongo- ovata, aurantio-fulva, nigricante-purpureo trifasciatim inter- rupte maculata, maculis valde irregularibus et varie nebu- latis, undique longitudinaliter lineis tenuibus undulatis fuscis picta ; spira brevi, apice obtuso ; anfractus superne concavo- declives, deinde subplanati; apertura elongata, mediocriter lata, columella quadriplicata, plicis sub-remotis, basin versus descendente. 302 VOLUTA The unique type of this handsome species is now in the collection of the Natural History Museum at Dijon. 92. AmeErRICANA, Reeve (f. 159, 160).—V. testa subab- breviato-fusiformi, albida, pallide aurantio-fusco eximie reti- culata, et interrupte trifasciata; spira elatiuscula, turrita, apice papillari; anfractus superne leviter concavi, supra medium angulati, ad angulum tuberculis subacutis interdum in plicis descendentibus coronati; apertura lata, albida, pal- lide aurantio-fusco trifasciatim maculata, columella quadri- plicata, labrum leviter incrassatum valide arcuatum. The type originally in the collection of Mrs. Cathcart is now in the Museum at Dijon. V. Cleryana (Petit) is pro- bably the same species. 93. Braul, Fischer (f. 161).—V. testa elongata, fusiformi, nitida, solida, longitudinaliter costata, carneo lutea, lineis interruptis transversis nigro-fuscis eximie notata; spira elata, acuta, apice parvo, obtuso, albo, sutura vix impressa ; anfractus 9, obtuse angulati; ultimus superne sub-angulatus, infra angulum leviter convexus, basi attenuatus; apertura elongata, columella multiplicata, labrum tenuiter reflexum, nigropunctatum. Long. 65, lat. 28 mill. Has. Marie-Galante. A lovely shell allied to V. Delessertiana. The beautiful specimen figured, to which neither figure nor description can do justice, adorns the rich collection of M. Dupuis at St. Omer. 94. GUNTHERI, Smith (f. 162—3).—V. testa parva, breviter fusiformi, solida, alba, lineis numerosis longitudinalibus valde flexuosis flavo-fuscis ornata; anfractus 6, primi tres leeves, convexiusculi; ceeteri supra concavi, deinde angulati, ad angulum serie tuberculorum acutorum instructi; spira brevis, concava, ad apicem obtusa; columella alba, plicis validis quatuor munita; apertura angusta, alba. Long. 43, lat. 22 mill. ; apertura long. 35, lat. 8} mill. Has. West Australia. A charming little species belonging to the Aulica group, beautifully painted with fine undulating brown lines upon a white ground. The specimen at present unique has been recently added to the British Museum collection. 95. ScLaTERI, Oow (f. 164).—V. testa elongato-ovata, ponderosa, leevigata, albida; spira breviuscula, acute-conica; VOLUTA. 303 anfractus planato-declives, ultimus obtusissime angulatus, supra angulum levissime concayus, infra angulum leviter convexus, basin versus attenuatus ; apertura elongata, fauce alba, colu- mella 4— o-plicata, basi incurva, labrum leviter arcuatum, superne emarginatum, leviter incrassatum. Has. Tasmania. A porcelain white shell of just the form of the variety of V. undulata for which my father proposed the name of Angasi. The specimen figured was kindly lent me by M. Dupuis. 96. AFRICANA, Reeve (f. 165).—V. testa ovata, aurantio- fusca, obscure transversim fusco lineata, ad marginem lineis conspicuis nigro-fuscis duplicatis ornata ; spira mediocriter elevata, turrita, sutura impressa, apice " obtuso ; anfractus angulati, supra angulum leviter concayi, ad angulum tuber- culis in plicis descendentibus coronati ; ultimus subventricosus, costis rotundatis latiusculis vix elevatis irregularibus inferne evanidis munitus, basin versus contractus ; ‘apertura medio- criter lata, fauce aurantio-fusca, columella triplicata, superne nigro-fusco unimaculata, labrum incrassatum, concinne nigro- fusco lhneatum. Has. S. H. Africa. A species of great rarity of which only more or less worn specimens have been obtained. The one figured is the most perfect I have seen, and forms part of the collection of M. Dupuis. 97. Brazier1, Coa (f. 168).—V. testa elongato-ovata, polita, rufo-carnea, fulvo variegata et fasciata, flammis nigris ineequalibus longitudinaliter picta ; spira brevissima, concavo- conica; anfractus convexi, ultimus superne rotundatus, ad latera leviter convexus, basin versus attenuatus ; SIPEEUUIDE elongata, columella triplicata. A very remarkable Australian species having much the external appearance of an Olive, or a young Cowry. The figure is a copy from the Proc. Zoological Society. Only one specimen is at present known. 98. Harrorpi, Cow (f. 170).—V. testa elongato-ovata, solida, polita, alba, maculis pallidis quadrifasciatim dispositis et lineis pallidissimis longitudinalibus picta ; spira parviuscula, sutura profunde et aperte canaliculata; anfractus convexi, apice obtuso, ultimus vix angulatus, ad latera rectiusculus, 304 VOLUTA. basin versus paulo attenuatus; apertura elongata, columella conspicue quadriplicata. Professor McCoy proposed for this species, remarkable for its channeled suture, the appropriate name of V. canalicu- lata, but earlier in the same year Dr. Cox had given it the name of Harford. 99. BepNALLI, Brazier (f. 171).—V. testa elongato-sub- fusiformi, pallide flavida, balteis 3-4 angustis rufo-fuscis, et flammis longitudinalibus ejusdem coloris arcuatis et angulatis conspicue picta ; spira elata, obtusa; anfractus convexi ; ultimus haud angulatus, elongatus, angustiusculus, basin versus mediocriter attenuatus ; apertura angusta, fauce pallide flavidula ; columella quadriplicata, plicis obliquis subremotis. A remarkable species with a very distinct style of paint- ing. Three or four transverse reddish-brown narrow bands, with peculiarly arched longitudinal flames between them. The specimen is believed to be unique. 100. LuTEA, Watson (f. 172).—V. testa fusiformi, sordide lutea ; spira elata, acutiuscula, sutura irregulariter impressa, apice leviter obtuso; anfractus 63, convexi, costati; ultimus vix ventricosus, subobsolete costatus, basin versus attenuatus ; apertura mediocriter ampla; columella rectiuscula, cuticula vitrea late effusa tecta, quadriplicata, plicis subzequalibus, parviusculis, labrum incrassatum, rotundatum, superne leviter emarginatum. A New Zealand species discovered in the ‘Challenger’ expedition. 101. ALABASTRINA (Gen. Guivillea) Watson (f. 169, 4 diam.).—V. testa ovata, tenui, alba, undique minute eranu- lata, spiraliter inconspicue irregulariter striata; spira elata, ad apicem leviter contorta, sutura perobliqua, leviter canalicu- lata; anfractus 54, convexi; ultimus ventricosus; apertura ampla; columella recta, cuticula vitrea late effusa tecta, uniplicata, plica angulata, vix obliqua, labrum tenue, valde arcuatum. A single specimen of this remarkable species was dredged in the voyage of H.M.S. ‘Challenger,’ between Marion Island and the Crozets, at a depth of 1600 fathoms. The shell hardly looks like a Volute, having something of the external form of Fusus (Neptunea) norvegicus, and the single plait on VOLUTA. 305 the columella is unlike the curved oblique plaits of the typical Volutes. The animal, however, as we are informed by the Rev. R. Boog Watson, is a typical Volute. 102. PRovocaTOR (Provocator pulcher) Watson (f. 173).— V. testa subfusiformi, postice acuminata, fulva, cuticula albida tenui induta; spira elata, acuta, apice parvo, acuto; anfrac- tus 7-8, convexiusculi, sutura obliqua, tegmine vitreo crasso fulvo inferne tenuiter effuso celata; ultimus infra medium leviter ventricosus, basin versus leviter contractus; apertura ovata, inferne effusa, superne leviter contracta; columella rectiuscula, basi acuta, 2—3-plicata, plicis parvis, perobliquis ; labrum levissime incrassatum, superne profunde sinuatum. Another very remarkable form discovered in the ‘ Chal- lenger’ expedition. The spire with thickly enamelled suture is like that of an Ancillaria, and the whole form and texture of the shell is not unlike some of the species of that genus; it has the columella plaits of a Volute, but these are not very prominent. ‘The animal being a decided Volute I include the species in this monograph, and am unable to use Mr. Watson’s specific name, as it is preoccupied. Of the two specimens discovered at stations 149 and 150, one has three columella plaits, and the other only two. Not ADOPTED. Hamillei, Crosse, Journal de Conchyliologie, 1870, p. 79, is a large, well grown, comparatively smooth variety of I’. rupestris. canaliculata, McCoy, Ann. & Mag. of Nat. Hist., July, 1869, = Harfordi. Cleryana, Petit, J. de Conch., 1856, p. 182, = Americana. Stearnsi, Dall, Cal. Proc. iv. t. 1, f. 1, does not seem from figure and description to differ materially from V. Ancilla. Macgillivrayi, Cox, is a variety of piperita. fusus, Quoy, = pacifica. ceraunia, Crosse, J. de Conch., 1880, pl. 4, is a variety of piperita, Prevostiana, Crosse, J. de Conch., 1879, p. 41, pl. 1, f. 1, is a variety of megaspira. 4 I VOLUTA. (INDEX TO SUPPLEMENT.) africana, Reeve, 96, f. 165. alabastrina, Watson, 101, f. 169. americana, feeve, 92, f. 159, 160. archeri, Angas, 89, f. 155-6. australiz, Cox, 84, f. 151 australis, Angas=minima. beaui, Fischer, 93, f. 161. bednalli, Braz. 99, f. 171. brazieri, Cox, 97, f. 168. canaliculata, McCoy = har- fordi. cathcartiz, Reeve, 91, f. 158. ceraunia, Crosse=piperita. cleryana, Petit=americana. coniformis, Cow, 79, f. 145. Jusus, Quoy=pacitica. guntheri, Smith, 94, f. 162-3. hamillei, Crosse=rupestris. harfordi, Cow, 98, f. 170. hargravesul, Angas, 85, f. 154. jamrachi, Gray, 77, f. 142. July 1887. kaupii, Dkr. 87, £. 167, kingi, Cow, 80, f. 146. kreuslerz, Angas, 83, f. 150. lutea, Watson, 100, f£. 172. macandrewi, Sowb., 76, f. 140-1. macgillivrayi, Cox=piperita. megaspira, var.=prevostiana, f. 144 minima, Sby., 86, f. 152. prevostiana, Crosse = megas- pira var. provocator, Watson, 102, f.173. punctata, Sw., 14, £. 149. pusilla, Sch., 88, f. 153. roadnightz, McCoy, 78, f. 143. ruckeri, Crosse, 82, f. 148. sclateri, Cox, 95, f. 164. stearnsi, Dall=ancilla. thatcheri, McCoy, 81, f. 147, tissotiana, Cr., 90, £. ‘157. wisemani, Br., 75, ts 139: a - ak, ee as if . ay a : << Pie - - 2 _ * a * i e MONOGRAPHS CONTAINED IN THE FIFTH VOLUME OF THE CONCHYLIORUM. THESAURUS Page Latiaxis 1-9 Fasciolaria 10-16 Haliotis 17-38 Sigaretus . 39-48 Tanthina 49-54 Calyptreeidze 55-74 Natica 75-104 Nerita : ; : . 105-120 Teredo and Kuphus . : ole 26 Gastrochena, Fistulana, Saxicava . 127-134 Rotella 5 ayes} Pteropoda . . 139-148 Phasianella ; . 149-152 Delphinula 5 . 153-158 Stylifer . 159-162 Siliquaria . . 163-166 Vanikoro Lor —tn0 Planaxis ‘ : 5 HiPAlealyes} Tridacna and Hippopus 5 Welle Pleurotomaria . 183-186 Trigonia . 187-188 Turbo ; . 189-248 Conus (supplement) . . 249-296 Voluta (supplement). . 297-318 Plates in Thes. 424 424dis_497 428-4405 441-442>« 443-444 445-453 454-462 463-468 469 470-471 472 473474 475-476 477-478 479 480-481 482 483-484 485-489* 490-491 492 493-506 507-512* alsa y/ a WM {3 Sp. UG A NRA, OD ee oe, <<] & hae = O = He SQ: YP fy, te sl Oo Wz. 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