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PR DPRARRADRAEARAADLPAARAPPPPDP PPP PPP LL SLPLSAPPALP PPPS PIPPI PPP PAPAL

THE TOURIST’S FLORA.

PAD DP AP APRA RAP PPR AD PPL PAP PPD DLP PDIP INPRO PPL DIPPED IIPS

THE

TOURIST’S FLORA:

A DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUE

OF THE

FLOWERING PLANTS AND FERNS

OF

THE BRITISH ISLANDS, FRANCE, GERMANY, SWITZERLAND,

ITALY, AND THE ITALIAN ISLANDS.

BY

JOSEPH WOODS, F.A‘S., F-L.S., EGS.

. LIBRARY
NEW YORK
LONDON: - GARDEN.
REEVE AND BENHAM,
HENRIETTA STREET, COVENT GARDEN.

1850.

PCR ey
a oe ‘

PRINTED BY FREDERIC REEVE,
HEATHCOCK COURT, STRAND.

INTRODUCTION. LIBRARY
NEW YORK

BOTANICAL
eter PRR RR RINT GARDEN.

THE intention of the present work is to enable the lover of botany to determine
the names of any wild plants he may meet with, when journeying in the British
Islands, France, Germany, Switzerland, and Italy. I have chosen these limits,
as those of the countries most frequented by English tourists, and with the botany
of which I was in some degree personally acquainted. To have extended them
further, would have made my book more bulky, and, I am afraid, more imperfect.
To accomplish this object, [had to keep in view two important particulars,—to
make the descriptions clear and distinctive, and at the same time to condense
the whole as much as possible, so that the work might be comprised in a single
volume, of a bulk not inconvenient for the use of the traveller. The former object
I have used no small pains to attain; in the first place by taking care, if by any
means | could accomplish it, that my characters should always contain a difference
at least sufficient to discriminate the plant from all others contained in this work.
To this end I have been in the habit, in all the larger genera, of forming for
myself an analysis of the genus; taking successively the most important cha-
racters, and dividing and subdividing upon them, till I arrived at the species.
_ Where I could not succeed in this, I have taken each species in order, and com-
pared it with those that follow; desirous that some character, good or bad,
should serve to mark some sort of distinction. I have not found this always
practicable, even in species derived from the same author; much less in those
only noticed by different authors. In such cases, I have contented myself with
translating the words of my author, and giving them as a quotation, with the
writer’s name at the end. Where the inverted. commas therefore occur, they
show, either that the description does not appear to point out any satisfactory
distinction, or that there are parts of it which I do not fully understand, or that
‘I do not feel confident that the plant does not occur under another name in
other authors, or, lastly, that I doubt whether the plant be the one described
‘by other authors under the same name. My reader cannot obtain from me
Ss b

=z
) pieces |

il INTRODUCTION.

knowledge which I do not myself possess; but I am anxious to communicate
to him everything that I know myself. Where I have added the name of the
author, without marking the description by inverted commas, it denotes that
the description is taken from that author alone; either because he alone has
described the plant as existing within my limits, or at least that his is the plant
I particularly refer to, whatever discrepancy may exist between his description
and that of other writers.

It will be perceived from this account that the work has no pretensions to
originality. My task has been to translate and harmonize, as well as I could,
the descriptions of different botanists; and I have added the result of my own
observations only where it seemed to be absolutely necessary : considering that
to give my own view would often have only been, to add one more to opinions
already too numerous.

It will be found that I have sometimes, in these pages, used certain words in a
sense not generally adopted, or at least not generally explained. When Linnzus,
in the ‘ Philosophia Botanica,’ first gave names to the forms of leaves, he seems
to have had little more in view than the comparative length and breadth. Suc-
ceeding authors have modified this considerably, but without giving any distinct
explanation of these modifications. I have considered them as exhibiting two
series of forms. Round, oval, oblong, linear, are essentially obtuse or subobtuse ;
and always so to be understood, unless the contrary is expressed. Hliptic and
lanceolate are in the same manner to be considered acute or subacute. The
oblong leaf of the ‘ Philosophia’ is a very eccentric oval; but Linnzeus himself, in
practice, seemed inclined to limit it to a form which exhibited some degree of
parallelism on the two sides; and later writers have adopted this latter interpre-
tation ; sometimes almost without reference to the comparative length and breadth
of the object. Thus Bentham, in De Candolle’s ‘ Prodromus,’ describes the seeds
of Euphrasia as oblong, though the length is not much greater than the width ;
and Koch calls the divisions of the leaves of some species of Carduus and Cirsium
oblong, where the length of the undivided portion, to which alone the term can
apply, is hardly equal to the width. Odlong, as applied to the whole leaf, still,
however, I think, indicates a length of four or five times the width (though mn
the figure in the ‘ Philosophia’ it is hardly three times) ; and in this way I have
employed it.

Filiptic has been used by botanists in two different ways. It is applied to the
regular mathematical ellipsis, which I have called an oval; and to a form like the
symbolical fish of the middle ages, produced by two curves, each less than the
half of a circle, or of a true ellipsis, and uniting in an angle at each end. It is in
this sense alone that I employ it. My first notion was to keep to the mathematical
use of the term ; but the difficulty of finding a suitable name for the latter form,

INTRODUCTION. il

a very common one among leaves, prevailed upon me ultimately to call the first
an oval and the last an ellipsis. Linnzeus describes elliptical or oval as a form
whose length exceeds the breadth, “superiore et inferiore extremitate angus-
tiore,’ a phrase which would at least include my edliptic, if it does not limit the
sense to that form. Lindley says that oval or elliptic differs from. oblong in being
acute at each end. Lanceolate is only a narrower form of elliptic.

Thus we have, in the blunt series, swbrotund, where the length is less than 14
times the breadth; oval, where it is from 11 to 4 times; ob/ong, between 4
and 8 times ; dinear, 8 or more times. I should, however, call a leaf oblong if the
sides were distinctly parallel, even though the length were hardly twice the
breadth. Linnzeus, in the ‘ Philosophia,’ has introduced the word /igulate or
strap-shaped, but has hardly made any use of it. Perpaps it would be advan-
tageously employed for a form between oblong and linear, restricting the former
within narrower limits. In the acute series, we have only eddiptic, from 14 to 3
times the breadth, and danceolate, where the length is more than three times the

breadth.

_ All these forms are further distinguished, when needful, by the addition of the
terms broad, exact (exquisite of Bertoloni), and narrow. De Candolle seems to
have taken a fixed type for each form; and he designates as compound all
deviations from it. It is, however, more convenient to admit a wide variety of
proportion under each term, and to use the compound only when the form is so
intermediate that we can hardly tell which word ought to be used. I will add
here, that a compound epithet indicates an intermediate, and not a compound
form. Thus ovato-lanceolate is not ovate at the bottom and lanceolate at the
top, but in all parts intermediate between ovate and lanceolate. Spatulato- is an
exception to this rule; a spatulato-ovate leaf being a spatulate leaf of which the
blade is ovate. In this, I believe, I follow the usual practice, but I do not know
that it is anywhere distinctly explained.

Cordate I consider as ovate with an indentation at the base. Cordato-oblong
would therefore indicate a leaf between ovate and oblong, indented at the base ;
and oblong with a cordate base, a strictly oblong leaf with such an indentation.

Triangular has been used ambiguously, because it is not explained whether the
angle at the base is included in the number. I understand by it a form nearly
triangular, where the stalk is attached to one of the sides (fig. 16). Where the
insertion of the stalk also forms an angle, but where the upper and lower parts of
the leaf are very unequal, it becomes deltoid, and this is the way in which I think
Linnzeus used the word ; though his definition will not, perhaps, bear a critical
examination, and his figure in the ‘ Philosophia’ does not represent a leaf at all
corresponding with the general use of the word. homboid, or rather rhombic,

is where the lateral angles are nearly equally distant from the summit and base.
QO

iv INTRODUCTION.

Thus, in fig. 16 the outline is that of a triangular leaf. The lower thinner lines
aa would reduce it to a deltoid, and the upper 4 4 to a rhombic form.

An acute angle, geometrically, is one which is less than a right angle. Botani-
cally, however, the angle at a (fig. 17), which is a right angle, would be called
acute. There are in this respect two particulars to be noticed, for which, per-
haps, our botanical terms are hardly sufficient :—whether the object described
terminate absolutely in an angle, and whether that angle be obtuse or acute.
Rounded at the end is sometimes employed to express a form where the angle is
not quite completed, and sometimes where a semicircle is formed on nearly the
whole width of the leaf. I have rather avoided the term, unless where the
context limits the meaning. -Aétenuate, when used alone, indicates with me a
form narrowed at the base and somewhat prolonged, exactly corresponding with
acummate at the summit. Attenuate at both ends is attenuate and acuminate.
I find sometimes a distinction between attenuate and acuminate, both as applied
to the summit of a leaf; but I do not know what is meant by it; nor have I any
distinct idea of what is intended by acutatus, a word frequently introduced by
Kunth. De:Candolle sometimes uses the word acuminate where there is no
reversed curvature, and where I have employed the expression jinely acute.

Besides these limitations of meaning in words generally adopted, I have intro-
duced two or three not usual in botanical descriptions. One of these is prolonged,
as applied to mark a form differing from acuminate by a prolongation of the upper
part of the leaf without any reversed curve. Thus the shortest and bluntest
form (fig. 15) I call simply cordate; with the little point above, it becomes
cordate, acute ; with the inner prolongation, it is cordate, acuminate ; and with the
outer, cordate, prolonged. (n like manner, the inner thin line at the base is
cordate, attenuate ; the second would make the stalk become a aft; and where
the membranous margin is wider, the leaf becomes spatulato-cordate.

The word Haft, used in the above sentence, | employ to denote a leaf-stalk
accompanied by a membranous margin. Such a stalk is sometimes said to be
winged, and sometimes is considered as making part of a spatulate leaf. Some
genera, and even some natural orders, have no true leaf-stalk, and what has been
usually so called is properly a haft.

Oval and lanceolate are forms alike, or nearly alike, at each end (de minimis
non curat botanicus), ovate and cordate are not so; and hence the use of the
words obovate and obcordate where the greatest breadth is upward. Bertoloni
uses the expressions obversely lanceolate and obversely oblong, meaning apparently
a lanceolate or oblong leaf, of which the widest part is a little above the middle,
yet not so much so as to be called obovato-lanceolate or obovato-oblong. The
reader may, perhaps, find this term preserved in descriptions taken from the
‘Flora Italica,’

INTRODUCTION. v

Another word, little if at all used by botanists, though admitted by Linnzeus
into the ‘ Philosophia,’ is parabolic. I have applied it chiefly to the divisions of
the calyx, when the somewhat curved sides and obtuse termination render the
word ¢riangular improper; and as these portions are not at all rounded at the
base, but gradually contracted from the bottom to the top, they cannot be con-
sidered as ovate. The term parabolic can only be applied to objects which rise
from a broad base, and not to a stalked leaf; and I may add, what I believe is
not noticed in our glossaries, that the term swbulate also implies an expanded
base. Linnzeus defined swbwlate as linear below and tapering above; but I
believe in general it means a very narrow triangle. The leaves of Ulex europaeus
are described as subulate, though they form nearly an equilateral triangle ; and if
they were placed on a stalk, instead of rising from the stem on their whole
width, they would be called triangular. By se¢aceous I understand a still nar-
rower triangle, and a finer point, than is the case in subulate.

Acuminate is an extension of the membrane of the leaf; mucronate, a pro-
longation of the midrib beyond the membrane; cuspidate, a hardened ex-
tremity, arising sometimes from a combination of the nerves, sometimes from
a thickening and induration of the membrane ; but never a mere prolongation of
the midrib. This, I believe, is consonant to the general practice where the
terms are distinguished, but they are often confounded. I have adopted from
Palisot de Beauvais the difference of seta and awn, as far as I could distinguish
them. The latter is a prolongation of the midrib, differing from mucro only in
its greater length. The former comprehends all other lengthened points, and
those which, though connected with the midrib, separate from it readily.

We frequently meet with the word Ouxtline in botanical descriptions, denoting
the general form of a divided leaf, such as it would be if the interstices were
filled up. It sometimes happens that the divisions are so far separate as readily
to suggest the idea of a form produced by cutting them away. ‘This I have
called Inline.

Scaber and asper are very frequently confounded. I adopt the distinction
given me by a botanical friend. The blacksmith’s hand, says he, is scaber ; his
chin in the latter part of the week is asper.

Lineate (lineatus) seems to imply that the conspicuous veins branch from the
midrib in continued parallel lines. The term is not new, but it is not common.
Lindley considers it as synonymous with striate. . |

Ciliate and fringed are closely allied ; but the first indicates a border of hairs ;
the latter, that the substance of the membrane is divided into narrow segments.

Pubescent seems sometimes employed to denote hairy in any way, at other
times to correspond with downy. 1 understand it in the former sense.

Withering adopted the word Cup, as the English of calyx; I have sometimes

v1 INTRODUCTION.

employed it to designate the undivided part of the calyx, when too open to be
called a tube.

I have used the word Phyllaries for the parts in the Composite which were
considered by Linnzus as the leaves of the common calyx, and by later writers
as the bracts of an involucrum; but I wanted the words dracts and scales to
indicate parts external to this calyx, and the Greek word phyllarion, signifying a
little leaf, seemed to furnish just what I wanted.

In describing the Composite, besides introducing the word phyllaries, I have
called Crest, that ornament to the seeds which is named down by Smith, and
pappus by Hooker; and I call the parts of which it is composed, shafts, which
may be chaff-like, hair-like, or feathery.

Perhaps the terms compressed and obcompressed, though not introduced by me,
may not be familiar to the student. Seeds are said to be compressed when the
greatest diameter is in the direction of the rays, from the centre to the cireum-
ference of a compound flower; obcompressed, when the greatest diameter is at
right angles to that direction. In fig. 18 the seeds are compressed ; in fig. 19
obcompressed.

The word fertile is used in this work for flowers containing the pistil but no
stamens, and producing seeds. Where from such a flower no seeds are produced,
it is called unproductive. Barren flowers have stamens and no complete pistil.
Neutral flowers, or florets, have neither stamens nor pistils. Complete flowers
have all the essential parts.

Cyme has been used by modern botanists to denote two very different modes of
inflorescence. One is, according to the definition given by Linneus, an umbel
whose rays are irregularly subdivided, as in Sambucus, Cornus, &c.; the other,
for an arrangement which is frequent among the Caryophyllacee and in fosa,
where opposite branches spring on each side of the primordial flower, and again
from the secondary flowers produced on these branches. The first is indefinite
both as to the number of flowers and the order of their expansion. The second
is essentially centrifugal, and the number of flowers is typically 3, 7, 15, 31,
each increase being one more than the double of the preceding.

Botanists have used the word Jozt, and its corresponding Latin word Articulus,
as signifying the point of union of two different parts, or the space between those
parts. For the first I use the term Joining ; and when I say that a leaf is
joined to its stalk, or the upper part of an awn or of a stem to the lower,
I mean that the parts are not perfectly continuous, but exhibit a distinguish-
able point of junction. Joiné is used as it is in common speech, when we talk
of a jot of meat, &c., for the parts so joined.

I have used the word Gusse¢ in the Umbellate, to denote the triangular filling
in, in some genera, between the round kernel and its semiround covering.

INTRODUCTION. vil

When of two parts, each measured from its own extremities, the dimensions
are equal, I have used that term; but it not unfrequently happens, by the
position of the parts, that the shorter may extend as far, or farther, than the
longer. In that case it is equalling or exceeding. Thus, in some of the
Cruciferze the blade of the petal is shorter than the sepal, which it nevertheless
by its position exceeds. The labels of some of the Orchidez will also afford
examples of this sort. In the same manner I distinguish, when needful, between
shorter than and falling short of.

Besides a. for annual, b. biennial, and p. perennial, I have employed w. for
woody, where the plant is so small that it would not in common speech be called
a shrub, although the substance indicates such a nature. The genus Melianthe-
mum offers. abundant examples to explain my meaning. — s.S. is small shrub, 1S.
large shrub, s.T. small tree, 1. large tree: terms which I think will be sufficiently
intelligible, without fixing on any precise number of feet, which, in a character
so variable as size, is more likely to mislead than assist the inquirer.

In the localities given, there are also one or two peculiarities, independent of
the abbreviations. By Shore, without any addition, I mean the sea-shore, the
part more or less influenced by the salt atmosphere; by Coast, a large extent of
country, affected by the more even temperature of the sea, but not by its salt.
T use the name of the river for the valley drained by it. I leave out the words
place, soil, &c., as easily supplied by the reader, who will find that in many other
cases | have omitted words necessary to make the sentences flow freely, where
there can be no difficulty in supplying them. Thus, cw/¢. means cultivated ground;
and I have used wucwlt., not for heaths and districts entirely in a state of nature,
but for fallows, hedge-banks, waysides, and such places, where previous or neigh-
bouring cultivation has fitted the ground for the reception of seed. Alps and
alpine are applied exclusively to the high range extending on the north of Italy and
into Germany, and not figuratively to other high mountains; unless, for want of
some other appropriate name, I may in one or two instances have retained Ber-
toloni’s name of Apuan Alps, for the range of mountains between the valley of
the Serchio, and Massa and Carrara.

De Candolle made use of a note of admiration to his synonyms, to indicate
that he had himself seen the specimen which authorized the name. With
me it denotes a remarkable character, not met with in the alhed species, or at
least to be considered as not existing among- them, unless where expressly
mentioned.

The characters of the natural orders are so little definite, that it is almost
impossible for the student to determine a plant by them; and some writers have
therefore thought it necessary to give a clavis analytica to assist his researches.
‘T have thought the Linnean system the best-clavis analytica, and on this account

Vill INTRODUCTION.

T have followed it in the arrangement of the genera, and have in that part
been more full than is usual where the species are arranged according to the
natural orders. After he has determined the genus, the student will find a
direct reference to the species it contains, and I have headed my pages in a
manner to make that reference as easy as possible. I here, however, subjoin a
slight sketch of De Candolle’s arrangement.

According to this author, the Vegetable World is separated into two large
divisions. In the first, the structure of the plants is partly made up of vessels
or pipes; while in the second it is formed entirely of cells. These divisions nearly
coincide with the Phanerogamy and Cryptogamy of the Linnean system: ex-
cept that the Ferns and Miscellanez of that system find thei place in the first
division of De Candolle.

This first division, which is all I have to do with in the present work, com-
prises three classes, Dicotyledonous, Monocotyledonous, and Cryptogamous.

Dicotyledonous plants, besides the character drawn from the seed, which is not
always accessible, are distinguished by the branching and anastomosing veins of
the leaves, and by the parts of the flower being four or five, or some multiple of
these numbers. In woody plants they are more certainly marked by the struc-
ture of the trunk, which is composed of concentric layers, a new layer being
added on the outside of the woody centre each year.

Monocotyledonous plants, on the contrary, have simple nerves, extending from
one end of the leaf to the other, without branching into veins. The parts of the
flower are threes or multiples of three; and in the larger and more permanent trunks,
the growth takes place internally, and the section exhibits no concentric layers.

The Ferns and Miscellanez have no flowers.

These rules are subject to many exceptions. Berberis, Leontice, Loranthus,
Frankenia, Peplus, and Rumex, have six stamens. The Cruciferee have also six
stamens, though only four petals. Several plants of different families have only
a midrib, and there are consequently no anastomosing veins. In Lathyrus Nis-
solia the apparent leaf is very much like that of a grass.

On the other hand, among monocotyledonous plants, Maianthemum, and the
European species of Paris, have four petals and as many stamens. drum,
Calla, Smilax, Tamus, Ruscus, Paris, have anastomosing veins. Hydrocharis and
the Alismacez have two sets of nerves, or veins, crossing each other; one set pro-
ceeding from the base of the leaf, and the other from the midrib. In the Pota-
mez something of a similar structure may be observed ; the principal nerves
being united or crossed by veins nearly at right angles. Iam not aware that
this arrangement is observable in any dicotyledonous plant.

The Dicotyledons are divided by De Candolle into Thalamiflore, Calyciflore,
Corolliflore, and Monochlamydee. \n the first, the stamens are inserted upon a re-

INTRODUCTION. ix

ceptacle which also supports the petals and the fruit. The sepals, if there are
any, and the petals, are always separate and inferior.

Tn the Calyciflore the character is not so simple. The stamens are placed on
the calyx, or on a ring which seems to support the calyx and the petals (which
are always separate), and is quite detached from the fruit ; or the germen is infe-
rior or half inferior, and the corolla polypetalous; or the germen is inferior and
the corolla monopetalous. The Composite are placed, | think, rather arbitrarily,
in this division, for the stamens grow upon what is the only covering of a
superior flower. If, indeed, we should admit the pappus, or crest, as a repre-
sentative of the calyx, the coloured part would be acknowledged by all botanists
to be a corolla, and the plants would belong to the Corolliflore ; and if we do
not admit the crest to be calyx, the order would rather belong to the Monochla-
mydee. The Campanulacee, Vaccime, Ericinee, and Monotropee, seem also
forced into this class, since the stamens rise from within the corolla. The corolla
being monopetalous will, however, easily distinguish them from the Thalami-
jflore; and the stamens being independent of the corolla, from the Corollifiore.

The Corollifiore have the stamens growing on the corolla, which is mono-
petalous; and there seems to be no exception to this rule, unless among the
Plumbaginee and Plantaginee ; and it was probably from the anomalous struc-
ture of these tribes that De Candolle was induced to place them among the
Monochlamydee, though pointedly contradicting the character of this tribe.

The Monochlamydee do not include all dicotyledonous flowers which have only
a single perianth. Several species, and even some genera, of the preceding
orders, want a corolla, others want a calyx ; and if, in compliance with the phra-
seology of many modern botanists, we call it a calyx where there is only one
covering, this does not help us to determine whether the plant in question is
monochlamydeous or not; nor can I point out to the student any way of ob-
taining this knowledge otherwise than by acquiring a familiarity with vegetable
forms, and a degree of tact which will point out the probable relations of the
one before him.

Cale.
Cult.
Fds.

Grav.

Hgs.

High means high in position.

Hths.
mar.

ABBREVIATIONS

a. Annual.

Aut. Autumn.

b. Biennial.

Cal. Calyx.

Caps. Capsule.
Carp. Carpophore.
Cor. Corolla.
Diam. Diameter.
Div. Divisions.

Fil. Filament.
Fl. Flower.
Fit. Floret.
Fr. Fruit.

Germ. Germen.

Invol. Involucruin.

L. Leaf or Leaves.
Leg. Legume.
LS. Large Shrub.

Lt. Leafit or leaflet.

LT. Large Tree.
nat. Naturalized.
Nect. Nectary.

p. Perennial.
Pan. Panicle.
Pet. Petal.

Caleareous.
Cultivated land.
Fields.

Gravelly soil.
Hedges.

Heaths.
Maritime situations.

IN THE DESCRIPTIVE PARTS.

Phyll. Phyllaries.

Pr. Prickles.
Pub. Pubescence.
R. Root.

Rac. Raceme.
Rec., Recept. Receptacle.

Rhiz. Rhizoma.
S. Seed.
S. Shrub.

s.S. Small Shrub.

s.T. Small Tree.

Segm. Segment.

Sep. Sepal.

Sp. Species.

Sta. Stamens.

Stip. Stipules.

T. Tooth or Teeth.

T. Tree.

Term. Termination.

Umb. Umbel.

V. Valve.

w. Woody.

The numerals after the mark of duration
indicate the times of flowering.

LOCALITIES.

Mns. Mountains.

Mws. Meadows.

Pres. or Past. Pastures.

rich. Places of a rich soil.

Thts. Thickets.

uncult. Uncultivated land among cultivation.
Vyds. Vineyards.

x1

GEOGRAPHICAL NOTICES.

Abr. Abruzzi.

adr. Adriatic: applied as an adjective to those
parts of Germany and Italy which border
on that sea.

Agde or S. Agatha. A town on the Mediter-
ranean, in Languedoc.

Agrig. Agrigentum. The modern Girgenti.

Alba-longa. Opposite the modern town of
Albano, on the lake of that name.

Albula. A mountain of the Grisons, separating
the waters of the Inn from those of the
Rhine.

Algau. A district in Swabia.

Alps, Apuan. A name given by Bertoloni to
the mountains of Massa and Carrara.
They consist chiefly of mica slate and of
marble.

Alps, Cottian.
Piedmont.

Alps, Julian. To the east and north of Trieste.

Alps, maritime. Separating Provence and the
county of Nice from Piedmont.

Alps, Pennine. Separating Piedmont from
Savoy, and from the Vallais. Mont
Blane and Monte Rosa belong to this
range.

Alps, Rheetian. In the country of the Grisons.

Alps, Venetian. The range from the Lake of
Garda, behind the ancient territory of
Venice, and separating its waters from
those of the Adige and of the Drave.

Als. Alsace.

Amiternum. An ancient town in the Abruzzi,
near the modern Aquila.

Apenn. Apennines.

Apulia. A district on the Adriatic, compre-
hending the present Terra di Bari, and
part of the Capitanata.

Aspramonte, near Nice.

Aust. Austria.

Auv. Auvergne.

Avezzano. In the Abruzzi.

Separating Dauphiné from

Baldo. A high, and, botanically, very rich
mountain, between the Lago di Garda
and the Adige.

Belg. Belgium.
Boh. Bohemia.
Bord. Bordeaux.

c2

Br. Britain.

Br. Isles. British Islands.
Britt. Brittany.

Brioni. An island near Fiume.
Bur., Burg. Burgundy.

C. Cape.

e. Central.

Cal. Calabria.
Carn. Carniola.

Capraja or Capraria. An island nearly half
way between Corsica and Piombino.

Carin. Carinthia.

Carr. Carrara.

Cat. Catania.

Ceresole. Mountains or hills near Mantua.

Cev., Cevennes. A range of mountains north
of Montpellier.

Corbiéres. Limestone hills near Narbonne.

Corni di Canzo. Two points in the Fork of
the Lake of Como.

Cornu (Monte), or the Gran Sasso. The highest
mountain in the Abruzzi, and reckoned to
be 9,000 feet high.

Cor. or Cors. Corsica.

Cumray. ‘Two islands in the Firth of Clyde.

Dau. Dauphiné.
Dax. Formerly Aque Tarbellice:
Dertona. Now Tortona in Piedmont.

e., alone, is put for eastern.

Hifel. The German part of the ancient Forest
of Ardennes.

Eng. England.

Etrechy. A small town on the railroad from
Paris to Orleans.

Eug. Hills. Euganean Hills: a small range
south of Padua.

Kur. Europe.

F., Fr. France.

Fiume. A city belonging apparently rather to
Hungary than to Germany, but its Flora
is included by Koch in that of Germany.

Flor. Florence.

Franc. Franconia.
Friuli, Forum Juli, in the N. E. of Italy.

Xl

~The same Latin name also belonged to
the town now called Fréjus, in the S. E.
of France.

Fusaro. A lake near Naples, said to be the
ancient Acheron.

G. or Ger. Germany.

Garg. Gargano: a hilly, down-lke promon-
tory on the Adriatic side of the Kingdom
of Naples.

Gascony.

Gemmi. A Swiss mountain between the Ober-
land of Berne and the Vallais.

Gen. Genoa.

Gorgona. A small island about thirty miles
from Leghorn.

Grimsel. A Swiss mountain separating the
waters of the Aar and Rhone.

Guadagnolo. A small town situated high up
among the hills to the K. of Tivoli.

Gase.

H. Holland; z.e., the present kingdom.

Halle. There are four towns of this name:
one in Thuringia (Saxony), one in the
Tyrol, one in Wiirtemberg, and one in
Belgium.

Hallstadt. A town in Austria proper, on a
lake of the same name, buried among high
mountains.

Han. Hanover.

Heiligen Blut. A convent high up on the
Great Glockner.

Hols. Holstein.

Tr. Ireland.

Is. Isola or Island.
Ist., Istr. Istria.
Tt. Italy.

Jap. Japygia, or Terra di Otranto: the S. E.
extremity of Italy.

Joux. A village and small lake in the Pays
de Vaud, amongst the ridges of the
Jura.

Juvenal (Port) at Montpellier. The point to
which the wool from Barbary and the
Levant is brought, to fwnish the manu-
factures of Montpellier.

K. Nap. Kingdom of Naples.

La Ciodad. A small town S.1. of Marseille.

Lampedusa. A small island S. of Malta.

GEOGRAPHICAL NOTICES.

Lang. Languedoc.

Laus. Lausanne.

lig. Liguria, the Genoese territory.
Lomb. Lombardy.

Lorr. Lorraine.
1. Sax. Lower Saxony.
Luc. Lucania: a large district extending be-

tween the Bays of Salerno and Policastro
to the Gulf of Tarento.

Mad. Madonie : calcareous mountains in Sicily ;
anciently Nebrodes.

Majella. A mountain in Abruzzi, 8. of Sul-
mona, and between the sources of the
Sangro and Pescara. Hstimated height,
8,500 feet.

Maretimo. An island on the W. of Sicily.

Marschlins. A town in the Grisons, not far
from where the torrent Landquart falls
into the Rhine.

Mars. Marseille.

mdt. Mediterranean; generally used as an
adjective.

Mil. Territory of Milan.
Miseno. A promontory near Naples.
Mt., Mte. Mount, Mont, Monte, Montagna.

Mte. Cornu, or the Gran Sasso, 9,000 feet.
The highest mountain in the Abruzzi.

Mte. de’ Fiori. On the borders of Umbria and
the Abruzzi; about 6,000 feet high.

Mont Louis. A town in the Eastern Pyrenees.

Montagne della Sibilla, in Umbria. Monte
Vettore, the highest point, is reckoned to
be 7,000 feet above the sea.

Monte di St. Angelo. Near Naples.
Montigno. Among the Apennines of Camerata.
Mor. Moravia.

Mtp. Montpellier.

n. North or northern.

Nap. Naples, 2. e., near the city.
Narb. Narbonne.

Nebr. Nebrodes. See Madonie.

Nicolaithal. A valley descending from Monte
Rosa and the Matterhorn to the Vallais.

Norderney. An island on the N. of Germany,
not far from Hmbden.

Novarese. ‘Che district of the town of Novara
between Turin and Milan.

Oservo. An island in the Gulf of Fiume.

GEOGRAPHICAL NOTICES. Xiil

Pal. Palermo.

Palat. The Palatinate of the Rhine.

Pdm. Piedmont.

Penn. Alps. See Alps.

Peregrino. A limestone hill near Palermo.
Pic. Picardy.

Picenum. A district on the Adriatic, stretch-
ing 8. from Ancona.

Plelan. A town in Brittany surrounded by
forests.

Pom. Pomerania.
Prov. Provence.
Pyr. Pyrenees. .

Raefel. A mountain in the Vallais.
Reg. Reggio, or Rhegium.
Rhine. I use the name of the river to in-

dicate the valley in which it flows from
Basle to Cologue. 5

Rhone. I use this in like manner for its val-
ley from Fort !’Hcluse to Arles.

Rieseng. Riesengebirge, or Sudetes.

Rio Sacro. Near Camerino, betweeu Foligno
and Loreto.

Rous. Rousillon: now the department of the
H. Pyrenees.

s. South or southern.

S. Lucie. A peninsular salt marsh near Nar-
bonne.

S. Michele.
S. Victoire.
Saléve. A high limestone hill near Geneva.
Salzb. Salzburg.

Samnium. The ancient territory of the Sam-
nites, on the frontiers of the Roman and
Neapolitan States.

Sard. Sardinia.
Sasso Grande.
Sav. Savoy.
Sax. Saxony.
Sc. Scotland.
Scaphusia. Schaffhausen.

A town on the west of Sicily.
A mountain in Provence.

See Monte Cornu.

Serini. Mountains near Lago Nero in Lucania.
Shet. Shetland Islands.
Sic. Sicily.

Sil. Silesia.

Sol. La Sologne; a low, barren, sandy dis-
trict on the S. of the Loire.

Sorricinium. Near Carcassonne.

Sty. Styria.

Sud. Sudetes or Riesengebirge, between Bo-
hemia and Silesia.

Sw. Switzerland.

Sylva Sacra. A sandy tract, mostly woody or
bushy, on shore of the Mediterranean, 8.
of Rome.

Syr. Syracuse.

Tavolara. An island on the N.H. coast of
Sardinia.
Tess. The Canton of Tessin or Ticino in

Switzerland, on the S. side of the central
ridge of the Alps.

Thur, Thuringia.
Tiv. Tivoli.
Tyr. Tyrol.

Umbria. I apply this name to the mountain-
ous district, within the Roman States,
N.W. of the Abruzzi.

Val. Valley.
Vall. Vallais.

Valt. Valtelline: the valley of the Adda
above the lake of Como.

Vaizelay. A town in the department of the
Yonne, on the upper part of that river.

Veglia. An island in the Gulf of Fiume.

Ventous. A calcareous mountain about 6,000
feet high, N.H. of Avignon.

Ver. Verona.

Vettore. The highest point of the mountains
of the Sybil.

Viesti. A town at the foot of Mte. Gargano.

Vigan (Le). A town at the foot of the Cevennes.

Vosges. A range of mountains in Alsace. The
main ridge is granitic.

w. West or western.
Westph. Westphalia.

Zermatten. A town in the Nicelaithal.
Zweibriicken. Also called Deuxponts.

AUTHORS CHIEFLY QUOTED IN THIS WORK.

Bab. C.C. Babington. Manual of British
Botany.

A. Bertoloni. Flora Italica.

FE. Cosson and HE. Germain. Flore des
Environs de Paris.

DC. A. P. De Candolle.
tematis Naturalis.

Duby, J. E. Botanicon Gallicum.
Gaud. J. Gaudin. Flora Helvetica.

Gr. and G. Ch. Grenier and D. A. Godron.
Flore de France.

Guss. J. Gussone.

Bert.
Coss.

Prodromus Sys-

Flore Siculee Synopsis.

Hooker, Sir W. J. British Flora.
Koch, G. D. J. Synopsis Floree Germanice.

Lap. lLapeyrouse. Hist. abr. de la Flore dés
Pyrenées.

J. L.A. Loiseleur des Longchamps.
Flora Gallica.

Poll. C. Pollini. Flora Veronensis.
Sir J. E. Smith. English Flora.
Ten. Tenore. Flore Neapolitanee Sylloge.

Rehb. Rb. Reichenbach. Flora Germanica
Excursoria.

Lois.

GENERA.

IT. MONANDRIA.

I. MONOGYNIA.

774. CANNA. Cai. 3-leaved. Cor. 6-partite, erect. Anther adnate to the margin of a
petal-like filament. Cannacem. Scrramines of Linn. p. 356,

234, HIPPURIS. Cal. a slight border. Cor.0. Nectary inferior, naked. Stigma 1.
Upright aquatic plants, with whorled L., and naked axillary flowers. HaLoracra. p. 127.

693. SALICORNIA. Cal. tumid, undivided. Cor. 0. Stamens 1 or 2. Seed 1, invested
with the calyx. Succulent plants, mostly jointed, and without L. CHENOPODIE® ; included in
the Hotoraces of Linn. p. 315,

755. ZOSTHRA. Fl. in two rows, on a Spadix included in a long sheath, formed in the
base of the L. No Cal. or Cor. Stigmas 2. Drupe 1-seeded. Long, slender, floating herbs,
with very long, flat, attenuate L. PoramEn.

The class to which this genus belongs seems uncertain, as there is no absolute connection
between the anther and germen. Hooker placed it in Monecia. p. 349.

II. DIGYNIA.

233. CALLITRICHE. Cal. 0. Pet. 2, inferior, sometimes wanting. Seeds 4, com-
pressed, bordered. Fl. not all complete. oating plants. Fl. small, axillary. L. opposite.
HaLoraGex. p. 126.

691. CORISPERMUM. Cal. 0. Pet. 2. Seed 1. Annual plants, somewhat rigid,
with undivided L., and inconspicuous, axillary flowers. There are sometimes 2 or 3 stamens.
CHENOPODIES. p. 315.

374. CHNTRANTHUS. Cal. superior, with an entire, involute border. Cor. of 1 petal,
5-lobed, spurred. Seed with a feathery crest. ZL. opposite, glaucous. VALERIANER. p. 169.

692. BLITUM. Cal. 3-cleft. Pet. 0. Cal. swelling into a berry and investing the single
seed. CHENOPODIER. p. 315.

914. PSILURUS. Glumes 1 or 2, minute. Spicules 1-flowered, imbedded in a rachis.
Pales of equal length, the outer with a terminal seta. Gramina. p. 420.

II. DIANDRIA.
I. MONOGYNTA.

A. Flowers inferior, monopetalous, regular (wanting in Fraxinus 1, 2). Shrubs, or Trees, with
opposite L. JASMINER.
536. JASMINUM. Cor. salver-shaped; border 5—-8-parted. Berry with 2 knobs and 2
cells. Seeds solitary, with an arillus. Svender, flexible Shrubs. L. compound. — Stalks many-
flowered. p. 244.

XV1 GENERA.

535. LIGUSTRUM. Cor. 4-cleft. Berry with 2 membranous, 1—2-seeded cells. Branches
round. L. undivided. El. white, in terminal panicles. p. 244.

534. PHILLYRBA. Cor. 4-cleft. Berry with 2 brittle, 1-seeded cells, one of them:
generally abortive. JL. undivided. Fl. greenish, clustered, axillary. ‘p. 244.

533. OLHA. Cor. 4-cleft. Drupe with a stony nut and 1-2 seeds. L. undivided. 7. ez
axillary racemes. p, 244.

5387. SYRINGA. Cor. 4-cleft. Caps. 2-celled. Valves boat-like. LZ. undivided. Fl. iw
opposite panicles. p. 244.

539. FRAXINUS. Cor. 0 or 4-partite. Caps. compressed, winged, with 1 or 2 seeds.
Some Fl. imperfect. Trees, or large Shrubs, with pinnate L., except in a var. of ¥. excelsior.
p- 244.

B. 1. inferior, monopetalous, irregular. Caps. 2-celled. SCROPHULARIACED.
Personat# of Linn.

603. VERONICA. Cor. rotate, 4-cleft; the lowest Div. smaller. Caps. compressed,
2-celled. Herbaceous or woody. L. entire or indented, not compound, opposite. p. 267.

602. PASDEROTA. Cor. ringent, spurless: mouth naked. Sta. longer than corolla.
Herbaceous. L. opposite. Fl. in terminal racemes. p. 267.

600. WULFENIA. Cor. ringent, spurless: mouth bearded. Fil. very short. Herba-
ceous. L. undwided. Fl. in terminal racemes. p. 267.

595. GRATIOLA. Cor. slightly ringent, resupinate. Fil. 4, 2 of them barren. Marsh-
loving Herbs, with opposite L. and solitary, stalked, axillary Fl. Cal. 5-parted, and with 2
bracts. yp. 266.

C. HH. wferior, monopetalous, irregular. Seed-vessel of \ cell. LENTIBULARIA.
Corypates of Linn.

659. PINGUICULA. Cor. ringent, spurred. Cal. 5-cleft, without bracts. Bog plants.
Stem 0. L. entire: the margin rolled inwards. p. 298.

660. UTRICULARIA. Cor. ringent, spurred. Cal. 2-leaved. L. finely divided. Plant
floating by means of bladders on the stem or L. jp. 298.

D. Fl. inferior, monopetalous, irregular. Seeds 4, separate. Stems square. L. opposite.
Fl. in whorls. ULABiaTa. VERTICILLATA of Linn.
624. LYCOPUS. Cor. nearly regular. Sta. simple, distant. Cal. 5-cleft. Throat hair-
less. Seeds retuse. J. small, numerous, sessile. p. 284.

627. ZIZIPHORA. Cor. 2-lipped: upper reflexed, lower trifid, spreading. Cal. striate,
with 5 teeth: mouth bearded. Small Herbs, resembling Thymus. p. 286.

626. ROSMARINUS. Upper Lip of Cor. deeply divided. Fil. with a tooth at base!
Cal. 2-lipped: upper entire; lower bifid. Aromatic Shrubs, with a terminal whorled spike of
fl. p. 286.

625. SALVIA. Cor. ringent. Fil. on a lateral stalk or connective. Cal. nearly cam-
panulate. FV. in spikes, or racemes, composed of whorled Fl. p. 284.
&. Petals 2.
538. FONTANESIA. Cal. 4-parted, inferior. Pet. bipartite. Caps. with 2 cells and
2 seeds, not opening. Habit of Phillyrea. Fr. approaches that of Fraxinus. JASMINE. p. 244,

230. CIRCAZA. Cal. 2-leaved, superior. Pet. cloven. Caps. with 2 cells and 2 seeds.
L. opposite, undiwided. Fr. covered with hooked prickles. ONAGRARIZ, p. 126.
E. Petals 0.

236. SUFFRENTIA. Cal. 4-cleft, with 4 small, intermediate teeth. Cor. 0. Caps. 2-
relled, many-seeded. LytHrarim. p. 127.

GENERA. xvii

757. LEMNA. Cal. a skinny, lacerate sheath. Cor. 0. Caps. with 1 seed. Plant a
simple or proliferous floating frond. Fl. from a cleft in the margin. LEMNACEM. p. 349.

827. CLADIUM. Glumes skinny, sheathing; the outer ones empty. Drupe without
bristles. Polished, rush-ke Stems, with harsh, cutting L. CypEracra. p. 381.
Salicornia. Rhyncospora alba. Lepidium ruderale.

II. DIGYNIA. Gramina.

865. COLEANTHUS. fF. naked. Upper Pale awned; lower cloven, pointless, with
2 rough nerves. p. 400.
852. ANTHOXANTHUM. Glumes 2, containing 1 perfect Fl. of 2 minute, awnless

pales, and 2 larger outer valves, each of which is awned, being the rudiments of 2 barren Fits.
A sweet-smelling Grass. Pan. spike-like, one-sided at base. p. 397.

Merochloe. Crypsis aculeata.

TIT. TRIANDRIA.

I. MONOGYNIA.

A. Cal. superior. Segm. of Cor. fewer than 6. Cells of Fr. 1-3. Seeds solitary, dicotyle-
donous. VALERIANER.

375. VALERIANA. Cor. 5-cleft, unequal at base. Cal. expanding into a feathery
crest to the single seed. Perennial plants. Stems round. L. smooth, opposite. El. terminal.
p. 169.

373. FEDIA. Cor. 5-cleft, gibbous at base. Caps. 1-3-celled, crowned with the erect teeth
of the calyx. Annuals. Stem dichotomous. LL. opposite. p. 168.

B. Cal. superior, 3-cleft. Cor.0. Fr. a dry, one-seeded drupe. SANTALACER.

706. OSYRIS. Sta. very short. Stigmas 3. Fl. somewhat polygamous. Shrubby, with
slender, rod-like branches. p. 328.

C. Cal.0. Cor. superior, with 6 segments. Cells of Fr. 3, many-seeded. Seeds monoco-
tyledonous. IRIDEx.

775. CROCUS. Cor. regular. Segm. close together. Tube longer than the border.
Stigmas 3, dilated upwards, plaited or lobed. Stalk none. Bulb coated externally, the new
one placed on the old. L. long, narrow. yp. 357.

776. ROMULEA. Cor. regular, open. Tube shorter than the border. Fil. downy.
Stigmas 3, bipartite. Segm. linear. fY. stalked. Bulb coated. p. 357.

777. GLADIOLUS. Cor. tubular, 2-lipped. Segm. undulate, unequal. Stigma trifid.
Seeds with an arillus. Root a coated bulb. L. ensiform, sheathing. p. 358.

778. IRIS. Segm. of Cor. unequal, alternately reflexed. Stigmas 3, petal-like, covering
the stamens, 2-lipped; the lower lip very small. L. mostly ensiform, equtant. Root fleshy,
creeping, perenmal. p. 358.

D. FF. inferior, not glumaceous.

161. CNEORUM. Cal. 3-4-toothed. Pet. 3-4, equal. Sta. 3-4. Drupe with 3-4 knobs.

Shrubby. L. alternate, without stipules. TEREBINTHACER. -Tricocca& of Linn. p. 75. -

115. ORTHGIA. Cal. of 5 L. Cor. 0. Caps. 3-valved at the summit, with 1 cell and
many seeds. Herbaceous. L. opposite, with very small stipules. CARYOPHYLLACER. p. 53.

255. LGHAFLINGIA. Cal. 5-parted: Div. with 2 teeth at base. Pet. 5, small, connivent.
Caps. with 3 valves, 1 cell, and many seeds. PARONYCHIE®. p. 131.

690. POLYCNEMUM. Bracts 2-3. Cal. deeply 5-parted. Cor. 0. Sta. 2-5. Style
d

xviii GENERA.

cloven. Seed 1. CuHENovopinx. Herbaceous. Fl. small, sessile, axillary. L. subulate,
somewhat d-edged. p. 314.

Atriplex. Amaranthus.

754. CAULINIA. Cal. 0. Cor. 0. Fil. dilated, persistent, bearing the Anthers at the
base externally. Fr. a l-seeded berry. Potamrm. p. 348.

E. fl. inferior, glumaceous, of a single scale; covering, not in itself including, the organs.
Seed 1. Plants grass-like, but not exhibiting knots on the stem. CYPERACEA.
825. CYPERUS. Spikelets many-flowered. Scales in 2 rows, alike, not crowded, nearly
all fertile. Seeds without bristles. yp. 379.

826. SCHGENUS. Spikelets 1-3-flowered. Scales in 2 rows, crowded; outer smaller
and empty. Style without joinings, deciduous. p. 380.

828. RHYNCHOSPORA. Spikelets few-flowered. Scales tiled all round ; outer smaller
and empty. Style bifid, with an expanded, persistent base. Seed with bristles at base. p. 381.

830. SCIRPUS. Scales tiled all round, alike, or the lowest rather larger, nearly all fertile.
Germen tipped with the filiform base of style. p. 381.

831. FIMBRISTYLIS. Scales tiled all round; lower larger, 1 or 2 of them barren.
Style compressed, ciliate; base enlarged, with a joining to the ovary. p. 383.

$829. BLYSMUS. Spikelets in 2 rows. Scales tiled; outer larger and empty. Style
persistent, not enlarged at base. p. 381.

832. POGONOSTYLIS. Scales tiled all round. Style enlarged and jointed at base,
fringed. Base of Style furnished with a long beard. p. 383.

833. ERIOPHORUM. Seales tiled all round. Style simple, deciduous. Seed surrounded
with long, silky hairs. p. 383.

FP. Fl. of Glumes or Pales enveloping the organs. Seed 1, naked, superior. Stem govnted,
with a sheathing L. at each joint. GRAMINA.

855. LYGEHUM. Fits. 2-8, in a convolute sheath. Glumes 0. Base of the Pales
hardening into a 2-celled seed-vessel. p. 398.

913. NARDUS. Glume 0. Pales 2, terminating in a bristle, rigid, slender. Fl. ina
simple, unilateral, 2-rowed spike. p. 420.

912. HCHINARIA. Spikelets sessile, in a head tiled all round. Fits. 1 or 2, the second
generally barren. Outer Pale herbaceo-coriaceous, ending in several long, rigid setas. Head
with a laciniate involucrum. p. 420.

II. DIGYNIA. Gramtna (see above).

A. Monandrous. Psilurus.
B. Diandrous. Coleanthus. Anthoxanthum.
C. In Triandria Monogynia. Nardus. Lygeum. LEchinaria.
D. In Triandria Digynia.
i. Spikelets in opposite rows, on an alternately channeled rachis.
a. Spikelets of 2 or more Filts., all, or nearly all, perfect.
b. Spikelets all fertile, but with only 1 perfect Fit.
c. Spikelets in threes, the lateral usually barren; none with more than one perfect Fit.
ii, Spikelets not on such a rachis, one-flowered, with additional scales !
a. Spikelets in twos, sessile and stalked; the latter barren.

b. Spikelets in sets, sessile and stalked ; all fertile, placed in two rows on one side of a
flattened rachis.

GENERA. — xix

ec. Spikelets all fertile, in a compound spike, tiled all round, and furnished with a bristle-
hike involucrum.

d. Spikelets in sets, all fertile, one sessile, and one or two stalked; enveloped in long
silky hairs !

e. Spikelets all fertile, scattered, not enveloped in hairs, or surrounded by an involucrum.
iii. Spikelets one- or more flowered, without additional exterior scales (which are likewise
wanting in the following sections), placed in two rows on one side of a flattened rachis.
iv. Spikelets sessile, two- or more flowered, in a head or spike, tiled all round.
v. Spikelets scattered, one- or more flowered. Flts. enveloped in silky hairs.

vi. Spikelets scattered, one-flowered, without glumes!
vii. Spikelets scattered, in a spike-like panicle or head. Glumes one-flowered.
viii. Spikelets scattered, in a loose panicle. Glumes one-flowered.
ix. Spikelets scattered, in a loose panicle, with a second imperfect Flt.
x. Spikelets scattered, with more than one perfect Flt.
a. Glume nearly, or quite, equalling spikelet.
b. Giume decidedly shorter than spikelet.
E. In Hexandria Digynia. Oryza.

FE. In Moneecia Triandria. Cota. Zea. The former is said to be naturalized near Paler-
mo, and the latter is extensively cultivated in s. Europe.

i. Sprkelets in opposite rows, on an alternately channeled rachis.
a. Spikelets with two or more flowers, all perfect.
906. LOLIUM. Spikelets placed edgewise on the rachis! Lower Glume very obscure or
wanting. p. 417.

905. BRACHYPODIUM. Glumes unequal, ribbed, much smaller than the outer pale.
Spikelets on short stalks, more widely separated than is usual mm Triticum. p. 417.

907. TRITICUM. Glumes nearly equal, opposite, broad, embracing the solitary spikelet.
Pale terminating rather abruptly, and generally with a point or seta. p. 418.

908. SECALE. Glumes narrow. Spikelets solitary. Pale gradually tapering into a long
seta. Seed crested. yp. 419.

909. AHGILOPS. Glumes placed rather obliquely; these and the outer pale herbaceo-
coriaceous, turgid, terminating in several stout setas. p. 419.

910. ELYMUS. Spikelets 2 or 3 together. Glumes on one side. p. 419.

885. GAUDINIA. Glumes unequal, much shorter than spikelet. Outer Pale with a
geniculate and twisted dorsal awn. Rachis brittle. p. 406.

b. Sprkelets all fertile, with only one perfect Flt., placed edgewrse to the rachis, and when
closed imbedded wn it, so as to form a continuous cylinder or prism.

915. LEPTURUS. Glumes 1 or 2 on the same side of the unarmed spikelet, which
contains one perfect Flt. and an interior rudiment. p. 420.
e. Spikelets in threes: the lateral usually barren, stalked; none with more than one
perfect Flt.

911. HORDEUM. Glumes setaceo-aristate, both on one side of the spikelet. A superior
Rudiment in each Spikelet towards the rachis. p. 420.

Elymus europeus. Sclerochloa Triticum and divaricata.
ii. Sprkelets one-flowered, with additional scales ; the rudiments of one or more
exterior Fits.
[In Andropogon, Saccharum, Erianthus, and Imperata, from the delicacy of the parts, it is
d 2

XX GENERA.

often very difficult to distinguish the additional rudiment, but these may be known from all
other European Grasses not included in the preceding section by the spikelets in twos or threes,
and one of them sessile. |

- a. Spikelets in twos, sessile and stalked ; the latter barren.

§41. SORGHUM. Spikelets oblong or rather ovoid. Glumes of fertile Fl. coriaceous,
without strize. Seed large, roundish. p. 395.

840. ANDROPOGON. Spikelets lineari-lanceolate. Seed nearly linear. In the Huro-
pean species of this genus, except im A. Gryllus and A. Allionii, the I. ure in fingered
spikes. p. 395.

b. Sprkelets all fertile, sessile and stalked, in two rows, on one side of a flattened rachis.

842. DIGITARIA. Spikes fingered. Spikelets unarmed. Seed invested with the hard-
ened pales. p. 396.

844, OPLISMENUS, Spikes in racemes or panicles. Spikelets naked. Glumes keeled,
plaited, or setigerous. p. 396.

ec. Spikelets all fertile, in a compound spike, tiled all round, with a bristle-ike imvolucrum.
845. SETARIA. Spikelets accompanied by setiform bracts. p. 396.

846. PENNISETUM. Spikelets accompanied by bracts, some of which are feathery.
p- 397.

d. Spikelets all fertile, disposed in sets, one sessile and one or two stalked, enveloped in long
silky haors.
837. SACCHARUM. Awnless. Squamules 2. Pales without hairs; inner minute or
wanting. Pan. not spike-like. p. 395.

839. ERIANTHUS. Lower Pale of fertile Flt. awned. Squamules 2. Sta. 2-8. Pan.
spreading. p. 395.

838. IMPERATA. Awnless. Squamule 0. Pan. spike-like. p. 395.

e. Spikelets all fertile, scattered, not enveloped in hairs.

851. PHALARIS. Additional Scales short, unarmed. Glumes boat-like, keeled, mclosing
Pales, coriaceous, hardening on seed. p. 397.

850. EHRHARTA. Glumes membranous, unarmed, not inclosing the pales. Barren
Fits. 2, coriaceous, transversely wrinkled, inclosing papery pales. p. 397.

843. PANICUM. Barren Fit. 1, large, glume-like, embracing the horny, ribless pale.
Glumes not inclosing. p. 396.

ili. Spikelets one- or more flowered, without additional external scales, sessile or nearly so, im
two rows on one side of a flattened rachis.

[In this and all the following divisions, all the spikelets are perfect, except in Lappago, where
the uppermost of each short spike are barren or neuter, and in Cyxosurus, where the barren
spikelets form a sort of involucrum. |

875. CYNODON. Spikelets 1-flowered, with an interior rudiment. Spikes fingered.
Glumes unequal, membranous. Pales membranous; outer broad, embracing the inner. Seed
invested with the hardened pales. p. 402.

876. DACTYLOCTENIUM. Spikelets 2- or more flowered. Spikes fingered. Inner
Glume mucronate. Pales unequal: the outer ventricose, membranous; inner scariose. p. 402.

878. LEPTOCHLOA. Spikelets 2- or more flowered. Spikes in a raceme. Glumes
keeled. Outer Pale keeled, 3-nerved. Awn straight. p. 402.

877. BECKMANNIA. Spikesina raceme. Spikelets unarmed, 1-2-flowered. Glumes

GENERA. — oof

equal, deeply boat-shaped, enlarging towards the apex, very obtuse. Pales 2, included; the
outer beaked. Seed loose. p. 402.

879. SPARTINA. Spikes compound. Spikelets 1-flowered. Glumes very unequal; the
inner acuminate. Styles united for half their length. Nect.0. p. 402.

895. OREOCHLOA. Spikelets many-flowered, in a simple spike or head. Glumes and
outer Pale concave, membranous, with a scariose margin. p. 408.
Knappia minima. Triticum Nardus and unilaterale. Festuca maritima and divaricata.
Selerochloa loliacea.
iv. Spikelets sessile, two- or more flowered, in a head or spike, tiled all round.

894. SESLERIA. Outer Pale membrano-scariose, ending in 3--5 soft, flexible teeth. Stig-
mas long. Styles united below. p. 408.

v. Spikelets scattered, one- or more flowered. The Its. enveloped in long silky hairs.
871. ARUNDO. Glumes membranous, equal, or the outer largest. Rales membranous.
Awn, if any, fine and slender. Pan. spreading. p. 401.

872. AMMOPHILA. Spikelets 1-flowered, with an interior rudiment. Glumes nearly
equal, membrano-scariose. Outer Pale membranous, with a short, strong point below the apex.
p. 402.

873. PHRAGMITES. Spikelets many-flowered; the lowermost imperfect and not enve-
loped in hairs. Glumes membranous; the outer much the smallest. Pales scariose, unarmed.
p. 402.

874. AMPELODESMOS. Spikelets many-flowered; the lowermost perfect, unless where
the Glume is changed into an imperfect Flt. Outer Glume rather the smallest. Pale with a
subapicular awn. Seed crested! Pan. diffuse. p.402.

vi. Spikelets scattered, one-flowered, without glumes.
648. LEERSIA. Pales ribbed, herbaceo-membranous, of equal length, nearly valvular ;
outer boat-shaped, unarmed, Pan. lax. p. 397.
vii. Spikelets scattered, one-flowered, in a spike-like panicle or head.
856. ACHNODONTON. Spikelets spindle-shaped. Glumes equal, boat-like, unarmed,
including. Outer Pale unarmed, embracing the inner of equal length. p. 398. -

857. PHLEUM. Spikelets oblong. Glumes nearly equal, setigerous, parallel on the keel,
including 2 unarmed pales. p. 398.

858. ALOPECURUS. Glumes equal, unarmed, usually united at base! Pale 1, shorter
than glume; the margins in some species united below! Awn dorsal. p. 398.

859. CRYPSIS. Head or Spike included in most species in a common involucrum. Glumes
membranous, unarmed. ales 2, entire, membranous, unarmed, as long as glumes. C. acu-
leata has only 2 stamens; C. alopecuroides a naked spike. p. 399.

860. GASTRIDIUM. Glumes ventricose at base, including pales, scariose. p. 399.

882. LAGURUS. Glumes scariose, ending in a long, fringed seta. Outer Pale quite
smooth, ending in 2 setas and an intermediate, geniculate and twisted, dorsal awn. p. 404.

$47. LAPPAGO. Outer Glume scariose; inner coriaceous and prickly. p. 397.

Polypogon monspeliensis and maritimus.

vili. Spikelets one-flowered, scattered in a loose panicle.
864. VILFA. Glumes membranous, unequal, not exceeding pale. Pale membranous, un-
armed. p. 400.

863. AGROSTIS. Glumes membranous, including. Pales unequal, smooth, not hardening
on the seed. Awn, if any, slender, dorsal. p. 399.

XX GENERA.

866. KNAPPIA. Pale scariose, shaggy, truncate; the inner minute or wanting. Spike-
lets in a raceme, obscurely 2-rowed. Rachis cylindrical. Seed loose, with longitudinal dotted
lines. p. 401.

861. POLYPOGON. Glumes emarginate, each furnished with a long, slender seta, sca-
riose, including pales. ales scariose; the outer with a dorsal awn. p. 399.

862. MILIUM. Glumes herbaceo-scariose. Pales membrano-coriaceous, nearly equal,
unarmed, hardening on the seed. p. 399.

867. PIPTATHERUM. Glumes membranous. Fits. sessile. Pales subcoriaceous,
joined to a straight, terminal awn, hardening on the seed. p. 401.

869. ARISTIDA. Glumes unequal, membranous, very narrow. Outer Pale coriaceous,
involute, with 3 awns; exner wanting im the Sicilian species. Pales including the free seed.
p. 401.

868. STIPA. Glumes scariose, herbaceous at base. Flts. stalked. ales coriaceous,
hardening on the seed. 4 geniculate and twisted Awn joined at or near to its extremity. p. 401.

870. ACHNATHERUM. Glumes scariose, herbaceous at base. Pale membranous. Awn
geniculate and twisted, with a distinct, though slightly marked joining on to the outer pale, at
which it readily breaks off. p. 401.

ix. Spikelets in a loose panicle, with a second imperfect Fit.
887. HOLCUS. Lower Flt. perfect, unarmed; upper awned, generally barren. p. 406.

886. ARRHENATHERUM. Lower Fit. barren, with a geniculate awn; upper perfect,
with a short straight awn. p. 406.

853. HIEROCHLOA. Two outer Fits. barren, triandrous; middle perfect, diandrous,
all unarmed. p. 397.

Melica uniflora.

x. Spikelets scattered, with more than one perfect Fit.

[Among these genera, Avra, Deschampsia, Danthonia, and Avena, are mostly awned, the awn
easily breaking away from the Pale; and these are never furnished with a seta forming a mere
continuation of the midrib. In Zrisetum and Keleria it is difficult to decide whether we find an
awn ora seta. Dactylis, Bromus, and Cynosurus are setigerous; Festuca often so; and we
sometimes find a small mucro on the outer pale of Ses/erca. The other genera are unarmed. |

a. Glumes nearly or quite as long as the spikelet.

880. AIRA. Glumes 2-flowered, without rudiment. Awn, if any, dorsal, geniculate and
twisted. The Pales im some species harden on the seed, but without adhering tort. Pan.
equal, shining. p. 408.

881. DESCHAMPSIA. Glumes 2-flowered, with usually, the not club-like rudiment of a third.
Outer Pale truncate, with a straight Awn from near the base, surrounded by soft hairs. p. 403.

891. MEDICA. Glumes nearly equal, larger than pales; 1- or 2-flowered, with the stalked,
club-like rudiment of 1 or 2 more. Pales unarmed, membranous, hardening on the seed. p. 407.

888. DANTHONIA. Glumes 2- or more flowered. Outer Pale smooth and coriaceous
below, membranous and nerved above, emarginate, with an intermediate, broad tooth, which
sometimes terminates in a geniculate and twisted awn. p. 406.

890. SCHISMUS. Glumes many-flowered, much larger than pales, membranous, ribbed,
with a scariose margin. Outer Pale similar, rounded at the end, except for a terminal notch.
P. de B. mentions a terminal seta. p. 407.

889. KG2LERTIA. Glumes and outer Pale herbaceo-scariose; the latter entire, acuminate,
or with a terminal or subterminal, not geniculate seta. Spikelets ovate. Pan. often spike-
_like, somewhat one-sided. Seed loose. p. 407.

GENERA. XXiil

883. TRISETUM. Glumes and outer Pale keeled, membrano-scariose, without prominent
nerves; the latter ending in 2 teeth, and with a slender dorsal awn, which in most species is
geniculate. Seed without furrow or crest. p. 404.

884. AVENA. Glumes herbaceous or membranous, with a scariose margin. Outer Pale
firmer than glume, ribbed, ending in 2 points, with an intermediate geniculate and twisted dorsal
awn. Seed furrowed and crested. p. 404.

b. Glumes decidedly falling short of the sprkelet.

896. POA. Glumes nearly equal. Outer Pale compressed, keeled, membranous, with a
scariose margin, entire, rather acute, unarmed. Pan. one-sided in nemoralis, compressa, and
annua; equal im the others. In P. divaricata the glumes are very unequal. jp. 408.

897. ERAGROSTIS. Glumes and outer Pale similar, membrano-scariose throughout,
with 3, prominent, converging nerves. p. 410.

898. GLYCERIA. Glumes and outer Pale membrano-herbaceous, with sharply promi-
nent nerves, and a scariose margin. p. 411.

899. SCLEROCHLOA. Glumes and outer Pale membranous, with rounded, often ob-
scure ribs, which disappear towards the base. Flts. cylindrical at base, heeled in some species
at top, unarmed, or with a minute and hardly distinguishable mucro. p. 411.

8938. CATABROSA. Glumes and outer Pale membranous at base, both eroso-truncate ;
the latter with 3 ribs ending in as many teeth, which are united by the scariose margin. p. 408.

900. BRIZA. Glumes nearly equal, broad, boat-shaped, obtuse. Outer Pale boat-like,
heart-shaped, ventricose, keelless, unarmed, adhering to seed. p. 412.

892. MOLINIA. Glumes 2-38-flowered, with a subulate rudiment. Pales acute, both en-
tire, membranous, firmer than glume, and hardening on the seed. p. 408.

901. CYNOSURUS. Spikelets attached to a neutral spicule or spike. Fertile Spikelets
1- or more flowered. Glumes scariose, keeled. Outer Pale concave, keeled, with a terminal
seta. Pan. one-sided. pp. 412.

902. DACTYLIS. Glumes unequal, many-flowered, acute, herbaceous, with a terminal
seta, compressed, and keeled. Spikelets crowded. Pan. one-sided. yp. 412.

903. FESTUCA. Glumes unequal, many-flowered, thinner than the pale. Pale ribbed,
rounded on the back; very acute, or with a terminal, or very nearly terminal, seta. Pan. one-
sided, except im F. gigantea. p. 412.

904. BROMUS. Glumes unequal, many-flowered. Outer Pale ribbed, with a dorsal seta.
Inner with 2 ciliate ribs. Pan. equal. p. 415.

I have given in the order Gramina a different and more natural arrangement of the genera,
hoping that the student who experienced difficulties in the one, might find his account in the other.

III. TRIGYNIA.

247. MONTIA. Cal. of 2 L. Cor. of 1 petal. Caps. 1-celled, 3-valved, 3-seeded. (Sta.
3-5. Style 1—DC.) L. opposite, somewhat succulent. PortuLacacE®. p. 129.

122. HOLOSTEUM. Cal. 5-leaved. Pet. 5, jagged. Fil. thread-like. Caps. 1-celled,
splitting at top into 6 teeth, many-seeded. L. opposite, quite entire. Has the habit of Ceras-
tium. CARYOPHYLLACE&. p. 56.

253. POLYCARPON. Cal. 5-leaved, concave, keeled. Pet. 5, nearly entire. Fil. subu-
late. Caps. 3-valved, 1-celled, many-seeded. LL. opposite or in fours. (Styles 2, very short.
—DC.) Two of the three European species are pentandrous. PARONYCHIED. p. 181.

Tillea. FHriocaulon.

XXIV GENERA.

IV. TETRANDRIA.

I. MONOGYNIA.

A. Fi. of | petal, inferior. Seed 1. GLoBULARIER.

675. GLOBULARIA. Invol. tiled. Cal. tubular. Sta. inserted in tube of corolla. FV.
in a head, blue. p. 308.

B. Ff. of 1 petal, superior. Seed 1. Cal. double. Fl.in a head. (The covering of the
Seed is sometimes considered as an inferior calyx. Its border forms what is here called the
outer Cal.) Drpsackm. AcGrecats of Linn.

376. DIPSACUS. Invol. of many L.: the outer exceeding the inner. Recept. chaffy.
Outer Cal. a thickened margin; inner a cup without awnsor setas. Plant rough. L. opposite,
often combined. Chaff long and somewhat pungent. p. 170.

377. CEPHALARIA. Invol. tiled; the outer falling short of the imer. Ree. chaffy.
Outer Cal. with bristle-like teeth. Inner a denticulate cup. Chaff’ soft and blunt. p. 170.

378. KNAUTIA. Invol. of many L. Ree. hirsute, not chaffy. Outer Cal. with sharp
teeth ; inner with 8-16 subulato-setaceous teeth. p. 171.

380. SCABIOSA. Invol. of many L. Recept. chaffy. Outer Cal. with 8 depressions,
and a scariose, plaited margin; inner of 5 rough, simple setas. In S. pauciseta these setas are
more or less deficient. p. 171.

379. PTEROCEPHAQLOUS. Invol. of 2 rows. Recept. chaffy. Outer Cal. with 8 pits
and a short, scariose margin; inner of about 10 feathery setas. p. 171.

C. Fl. of 1 petal, superior. Seeds 2, separate. L. simple, in whorls, (except in Putoria.)
372. RUBIA. Cor. campanulate. Fr. of 2 roundish berries, not crowned. p. 168.

370. VALANTIA. Cor. campanulate. Fl. in threes; the central perfect, 4-cleft; lateral
barren, 3-cleft. Calyces at length united at the base, and becoming horny. p. 167.

369. GALIUM. Cor. rotate. Fr. dry, not crowned. p. 164.

368. ASPERULA. Cor. tubular. Fr. dry, not crowned. p. 163.

366. PUTORIA. Cor. funnel-shaped. Berry dicoccous, crowned with the calyx. Woody.
L. opposite. Fl. in terminal clusters. p. 163.

367. SHERARDIA. Cor. funnel-shaped. Fr. dry, crowned with the calyx. FU. terminal.
‘Habit of Galium. p. 168.

371. CRUCIANELLA. Tube of Cor. filiform, with claw to the border. Cal. of 2 L.
Seeds linear. p. 167.

D. £7. of one petal, inferior. Seeds more than one, in a simple seed-vessel.

789. MAIANTHEMUM. Cal.0. Cor. 4-partite, rotate. Fr. a berry of 2 or 3 cells
and as many seeds. ASPARAGER®. p. 363.

555. CICENDIA. Cor. funnel-shaped. Caps. imperfectly 2-celled, splitting at the top.
Seeds many, immersed in the placentas. Anthers not twisting. Stigma cloven. Smooth, bitter
Herbs, with simple, entire, opposite L. GENTIANER. p. 249.

664. CENTUNCULUS. Cor. tubular, including the smooth stamens. Caps. globose,
1-celled, cireumsciss. 4 minute plant, with alternate L. and inconspicuous Fl. PRIMULACER.
p. 299.

680. PLANTAGO. Cor. bent back. Sta. very long. Caps. 2—4-celled, circumsciss. FV.
in spikes, each with a bract. PLANTAGINER. p. 809.

Gentiana 4.

GENERA. _ ae

E. Petals 4.

238. AMMANNTIA. Cal. of 1 L., plaited, 8-toothed, inferior, bearing the corolla, Au
aquatic plant, with entire, opposite L. LytHRarim. p. 127.

24. HPIMEDIUM. Cal. 4-leaved, deciduous, inferior. An inflated Nect. on each petal.
Fr. a pod, of 1 cell and many seeds. Perennial. L. compound. BERBERIDEM. CORYDALES
of Linn. p. 11.

359. CORNUS. Nect. 0. Drupe inferior. Nut 2-celled, or rarely 3-celled. Oue Seed in
each cell. L. semple, entire, opposite. I. subumbellate, Cornem. p. 162.

231. TRAPA. Nut inferior. Cal. 4-cleft; the Segm. on the fruit hardening into horns,
often unequal. A floating plant. ONAGRARIM. p. 126.

BP. Petals 0.
229. ISNARDIA. Cal. campanulate, 4-cleft, permanent, superior. Caps. with 4 angles, 4
cells, and many seeds. Some non-Huropean species have petals. Ours is a procumbent plant,
in habit and place of growth not much unlike Peplis portula. ONaGRanria. p. 126.

707. HLAZAGNUS. Cal. coloured, 4-cleft. Tube slender: border companulate. Cal.
becoming fleshy, and forming a one-sided drupe. Shrubiy. HL@aGNEM. p.323.

721. PARIMTARIA. Cal. 4-cleft, inferior, Some Fl. barren. Stamens elastic. Seed
of the perfect Fl. covered with the lengthened calyx. Cal. of the fertile Fl. unaltered. L. en-
tire, alternate. URTICER. p. 330.

216. SANGUISORBA. Cal. 4-cleft, coloured, superior, with scales at the base. Caps.
with 4 angles and 1 cell, not splitting. Seedslor2. #¢. iz a dense head. The Caps. seems
formed from the hardened tube of the calyx. Rosackm. p. 121.

215. ALCHEMILLA. Cal. inferior, 8-cleft: the segments alternately smaller. Seeds 1
or 2, clothed with the permanent Lanes Herbs, with alternate, stalked, lobed, or fingered L.
Rosacea, p- 120.

689. CAMPHOROSMA. (Cal. inferior, deeply 4-cleft, bladder-like; 2 opposite segments
very small. Seed1. Woody, much branched, with numerous small, subulate L. CHENOPO-
pir&, Honoraces of Linn. p. 314.

II. DIGYNIA. Papaveracem. CoryDALes of Linn.

3l. HYPECOUM. Cal. inferior, 2-leaved. Pet. 4: outer broader; inner trifid. Pod
jointed, with a seed in each joint. Tender annual plants, with divided L. p. 12.

Alchemilla occasionally, Gentrane, Cuscute.

Ill. TETRAGYNTIA.

116. BUFFONTIA. Cal. of 4 sepals. Pet. 4, entire. Caps. 2-valved, 1-celled, 2-seeded.
Slender plants, with opposite filiform L. CARYOPHYLLACER. p. 53.

155. ILEX. Cal. with 4 teeth. Cor. rotate, in 4 divisions, sometimes quite separate.
Style 0. Berry with 4 seeds. CELASTRINEH. p. 73.

124. SAGINA. Cal.of 4 L. Pet. 4, shorter than calyx. Caps. with 1 cell, 4 valves, and
many seeds. Very small Herbs, with opposite L. CARYOPHYLLACE®. p. 57.

130. RADIOLA. Cal. of 12 parts. Pet. 4. Caps. superior, of 8 cells and 8 valves.
Seeds solitary. Very small annual plants. L. opposite, LiNEx. GRUINALES of Linn. p. 61.

256. TILLAGA. Cal. 3-4-parted. Pet. 83-5. Caps. 3-4, 2-seeded. Minute fleshy annuals,
much branched. LL. sessile, opposite. CRAassuLAcEm. p. 181.

257. BULLIARDA. Cal. 4-cleft. Pet. 4. A limear scale at the base of each germen.
Caps. 4, many-seeded. Minute fleshy Annuals, somewhat aquatic. LL. sessile, opposite. CRas-
SULACER. p. 131.

e

XXV1 GENERA.

750. POTAMOGETON. Cal. 0. Pet. 4. Style 0. Seeds 4, sessile. Herbs floating
or immersed, except the spiked inflorescence. The seeds ripen under water. PoTAMEm. p. 346.

751. RUPPIA. Cal. 0. Pet. 0. Seed 4, stalked. The Fl. are in pairs, ineluded in the
sheathing base of the L. The Seeds are fertilized within the sheaths, and afterwards are raised
above water to be ripened. PoraMEm. p. 348.

Mencehia erecta, Mehringia muscosa and sedifolia, Cerastium tetrandrum and atrovirens.

V. PENTANDRIA.

I. MONOGYNITA.

A. Fi. inferior, of 1 petal, bearing the stamens. Seeds 4.
i. Germens 2, each of 2 cells and 2 seeds.
ii, Germens at first united, afterwards separating into four.
ili. Germens 4, always distinct.
a. Seeds attached to the style.
b. Seeds attached to a receptacle, not excavated at base.
ce. Seeds excavated at base.
B. Fl. inferior, of 1 petal, bearing the stamens. ['r. a capsule or berry. Seeds more than 4,
i. Seeds on a central receptacle, in a single cell.
a. Fr. a dry capsule.
b. Fr. pulpy.
ii. Caps. of 1 cell. Seeds on 2 parietal receptacles.
iii. Caps. of 1 cell. Seeds on margin of valves.
iv. Fr. a capsule of 2-4 cells.
v. Fr. a berry with 2 cells.
vi. Fr. of 2 follicles.
C. Fl. of 1 petal, inferior. Pet. 1. Sta. on a receptacle.
D. Fl. of 1 petal, superior.
i. Caps. of 1 cell.
ii. Caps. of 2-5 cells.
iii. Fr. a berry of 2-3 cells.
E. Fi. of 4-5 petals, inferior.
i. Fl. regular. Pet. equal. Sta. on a dise forming the base of the calyx.
ii. Fl. regular. Pet. free at base. Sta. on receptacle.
iii. FI. irregular; lower Pet. spurred.
F. Fi. of 5 petals, superior.
G. Fl. with a single perianth.
A. I. inferior, of one stamen-bearing petal. Germens 4 (except in Cerinthe, which has only 2,

and 2 Heliotropium, where they are at first united). Flowers circinate in the bud. Seeds
4. L. alternate. BoRrRaGiInEm. ASPERIFOLI# of Linn.

i. Germens 2, each with 2 cells and 2 seeds.
561. CERINTHE. Cor. ventricose; mouth naked. The L. are usually sprinkled with
pale, callous dots. p. 251.
ii. Germen 1, afterwards splitting into 4 seeds.

562. HELIOTROPIUM. Cor. salver-shaped. Mouth with 5, small, intermediate teeth.
Ll. im secund spikes. p. 252.

GENERA. _ aif

. Germens 4, each producing 1 seed.
a. Seeds attached to the style.
563. ASPERUGO. Cor. funnel-shaped: the mouth closed with conical valves Cal.
uregular, at length compressed, and covering the fruit. p. 252.

564. CYNOGLOSSUM. Cor. funnel-shaped: the mouth closed with concave valves.
Cal. regular, 5-parted, not compressed. Margin of Fr. thick, obtuse. Smell unpleasant in
most species. Cor. of a dirty purple or bluish. yp. 252.

565..OMPHALODES. Cor. rotate: the mouth closed with valves. Cal. regular, 5-
parted. Margin of Fr. thin and membranous. 7. blue or white. p. 252.

566. ECHINOSPERMUM. Cor. salver-shaped. Seeds 3-edged, prickly on margin.
Fl. blue. Habit of Myosotis. p. 253.

b. Seeds attached to a receptacle ; base not excavated.
567. MYOSOTIS. Cor. salver-shaped: mouth closed with vaulted processes. Seeds
convex in front, keeled behind, not prickly. FU. blue or white. p. 253.

568. HRITRICHUM. Oor. salver-shaped: mouth closed. Seeds flat in front and with a
raised margin. 7. blue. p. 253.

569. LITHOSPERMUM. Cal. 5-parted. Cor. not closed (but 1m some species not
entirely without protuberances), regular, funnel- or salver-shaped. Fr.a stony nut. p. 254.

570. STHINHAMMERA. Cal. 5-parted. Cor. campanulate, with minute protube-
rances on the throat. Fr. rather fleshy. p. 255.

571. PULMONARIA. Cal. 5-cleft, campanulate in the fruit and somewhat prismatic.
Cor. funnel-shaped: mouth naked. Fr. not fleshy. Distinguished from Lithospermum by its
broad L. and different habit, as much as by the artificial character. p. 255.

572. HCHIUM. Cal. 5-parted. Cor. funnel-shaped: throat dilated, naked; margin
oblique, unequally 5-lobed. Z. dénear, p. 255.

578. ONOSMA. Cal. 5-parted. Cor. tubuloso-campanulate, regular: throat naked.
Plant hispid. p. 256.
c. Seeds attached to a receptacle ; base excavated.
574. NONNBEA. Cor. funnel-shaped : throat somewhat contracted, but not closed. p. 256.

575. SYMPHYTUM. Cor. campanulate: mouth closed with subulate valves. p. 256.

576. ANCHUSA. Cor. funnel-shaped: tube straight; throat closed with vaulted pro-
tuberances. p. 256.

577. LYCOPSIS. -Cor. funnel-shaped: tube crooked; throat closed with concave
valves. p. 257.

578. BORRAGO. Cor. rotate: mouth closed with obtuse, emarginate valves. Seeds
wrinkled. J. bright blue, occasionally white. p. 257.

B. Fl. of 1 petal, inferior ; bearing the stamens. Seeds more than 4.
i. Fr. of 1 cell. Seeds on a central receptacle.
a. Fruit a dry capsule. PRIMULACER.

662. LYSIMACHIA. Cor. rotate. Stigma obtuse. Caps. globose, with 5 or 10
valves, opening at top. JL. mostly opposite. I. Linum-stellatum has a@ somewhat tubular
corolla. p. 299.

663. ANAGALLIS. Cor. rotate. Caps. circumsciss! L. opposite, or more rarely in
whorls. p. 299.

e2

XXvill GENERA.

665. CORIS. Caps. 1-celled, with 5 valves and 5 seeds. Cor. ringent. Cal. ventricose ;
the teeth prickly at base. I. pink or lilac, in a dense, terminal, spike-like raceme. p. 299.

666. ANDROSACE. Cor. salver-shaped: tube contracted at the mouth. Caps. with
5 valves and 5 or more seeds. p. 299.

667. GREGORIA. Cor. salver-shaped: tube cylindrical; throat furnished with short
processes. Caps. with 5 valves and 5 ovules, of which only 2 or 3 ripen. Stem much branched.
L. linear. p. 800.

668. PRIMULA. Cal. 5-cleft. Cor. salver-shaped: tube cylindrical. Stigma globose.
Caps. with 5 valves opening with 10 teeth. Seeds many. Stemless Herbs. p. 301. 4

669. CORTUSA. Cor. rotate, crowned with a raised ring! Anthers at base of the
border. Caps. opening with 5 teeth, many-seeded. Stemless Herbs. Fl. in a simple umbel.
p- 802.

670. SOLDANELLA. Cor. campanulate, divided into many segments! Caps. with 5-6
valves, and 10 or 12 teeth. Stemless Herbs. p. 302.

672. HOTTONIA. Cal. 5-parted. Cor. salver-shaped: tube short, the Stamens in the
divisions. Stigma globose. Caps. terminated by the persistent style. Aguatic plants, with
finely divided L. p. 808.

b. Fruit pulpy.

671. CYCLAMEN. Cor. rotate: Segm. reflexed! Anthers sessile at base of tube. Stigma
acute. Caps. opening with five teeth. Seeds many. V. solitary. Ir.-stalk rolled up after
flowering, so as almost to bury the capsule. Stemless Herbs. Root a large tuber, producing
many L. and Fl. PRimuLacez. p. 808.

583. MANDRAGORA. Fr. a berry. Seeds on a pulpy receptacle, occupying the whole
berry. No Stem. Ln habit somewhat resembling Primula vulgaris. SoLANACER. p. 258.

ii. Fruct of \ cell. Seeds on 2 parietal receptacles. SOLANACER.

584. RAMONDIA. Fr. a capsule. Cor. rotate. Anthers approximate, perforated at top.
Stemless. p. 258.

iii. Fruit of 1 cell. Seeds on margin of valves. GENTIANER.

548. MENYANTHES. Germen on an hypogynous disc. Cor. funnel-shaped: Segm. hairy
within. <Aguatic plants, with compound L. jp. 246.

549. VILLARSIA. Germen with 5 glands at base. Cor. rotate: border fringed (¢” the
European species). L. broad, entire, floating. p. 246.

iv. Fr. a capsule of 2-4 cells.
554. BRYTHRAGA. Cal. 5-cleft. Cor. salver-shaped. Anthers spiral in decay. Caps.
incompletely 2-celled. Seeds many, attached to margin of valves. Annual. Stem square.
Stem-L. opposite. GENTIANER. p. 248.

556. POLEMONIUM. Cor. rotate: mouth closed with 5 valves, bearing the stamens.
Caps. of 3 cells, separating at the axis. Seeds many. rect plants, with pinnate L. Pown- -
MONIACES. p. 249.

557. CONVOLVULUS. Cal. 5-parted. Cor. campanulate, plicate, not deeply divided.
Stigmas 2. Seeds 2. JL. alternate. Stems procumbent, or twisting from right to left. Con-
VOLVULACEA, p. 249.

558. IPOMAsA. Stigma undivided. Seeds many. Otherwise as Convolvulus, of which
it has the habit. CONVOLVULACE®. p. 250.

585. NICOTIANA. Cal. 5-cleft. Cor. salver-shaped: border regular. Caps. 2-celled,
A-yalved at top. Seeds many, attached by a connective to the receptacles. Tull, showy plants.
Tobacco. SOLANACE. Luripa of Linn., as are the eight following genera. yp. 258.

GENERA. XXix

586. DATURA. Cal. tubular, 5-celled, caducous. Cor. funnel-shaped, plicate, 5-lobed. Caps.
prickly, imperfectly 4-celled, with a central receptacle in each cell, springing from dissepiment.
Cor. very large, white. SOLANACEM. p. 259.

587. HYOSCYAMUS. Cor. funnel-shaped: border oblique, with unequal lobes. Caps. 2-
celled, opening transversely near the top by a convex lid. Downy plants, with a disagreeable
smell. SOLANACED. p. 259.

588. SCOPOLINA. Cor. campanulate, 5-lobed. Caps. opening transversely at base. Lare
plants of Styria.and Carn. Sotanacem. p. 259.

589. VERBASCUM. Uor. rotate, somewhat irregular. Sta. bent down, unequal. Caps.
2-celled. Seeds many, attached to a central receptacle. 4. in terminal spikes or racemes,
yellow, sometimes with a purple stain at the base, rarely white ; purple im V. phoniceum,
brown in one or two hybrids. SOLANACER. p. 259.

v. Er. a berry with 2 cells. SOLANACER.

579. LYCIUM. Cor. funnel-shaped. Fil. bearded at base. Stigma peltate, witha transverse
furrow. Cal. of Fr. small. Shrubs, more or less spinescent. p. 257.

580. SOLANUM. Cor. rotate: segments reflexed. Anthers connivent, opening with 2
pores at the extremity. Stems branched, leafy. p. 258.

581. PHYSALIS. Cal. large, inflated, concealing the berry! Cor. campanulato-rotate.
Anthers connivent. p. 258.

582. ATROPA. Cor. campanulate, on a short tube. Sta. diverging, incurved. FV. solitary,
dingy purple. p. 258.

vi. Fr. of 2 follicles. ApocyNE.

541, VINCA. Cor. salver-shaped: segments oblique. Follicles erect. Seeds beardless.
Stems trailing. L. opposite, entire. p. 245.

540. NERIUM. Cor. funnel-shaped, with a lacerated crown. Follicles connivent, with a
Jengthened point. Anthers terminating in a thread. Seeds bearded. A splendid Shrub. L.
opposite or in threes, lanceolate, quite entire. p. 245.

C. fl inferior, of 1 petal. Sta. on receptacle.

676. PLUMBAGO. Seed 1. Cor. funnel-shaped. Sta. dilated at base. Stigma 5-cleft.
PLUMBAGINEE. p. 304,

526. AZALEA. Caps. 5-celled. Cor. campanulate, irregular. Anther with 2 pores. Stig-
ma blunt. Small Shrubs, with opposite L. Ericacex. p. 248.

D. f7. of \ petal, superior.
i. Capsule of \ cell. PRIMULACER.

673. SAMOLUS. Caps. half inferior. Cor. salver-shaped, with 5 divisions and 5 inter-
mediate filiform scales. L. stmple, alternate, quite entire. p. 308.

ii. Capsule of 2-5 cells.

508. JASIONE. Caps. imperfectly 2-celled, opening by a pore at top. Cor. rotate: divi-
sions linear. Anthers united at base. Stigma club-shaped. JV. ix heads, with a many-leaved
tnvolucrum, CAMPANULACER. p. 236.

509. PHYTEUMA. Caps. 3-celled, bursting at the side. Cor. rotate: segments long,
linear. Fil. dilated at base. Stigma 2-cleft. Anthers free. JV. ix dense bracteate spikes or
heads; CAMPANULACE®. p. 286.

510. CAMPANULA. Caps. 2-5-celled, not elongated, opening by lateral pores. Cor.
campanulate, with broad, shallow segments. Fil. dilated at base. Stigma 2—5-cleft. Campanu-
LACE. p. 237.

XXX GENERA.

511. WAHLENBERGIA. Caps. half inferior, opening by 3 valves within the segments
of the calyx» Habit and Fl. of Campanula. CAaMPANULACES. p. 240.

512. EDRAIANTHUS. Caps. opening within the calyx by irregular valves or frag-
ments, which soon disappear, and leave the whole space open. Habit and Fl. of Campanula.
CAMPANULACES. p. 241.

513. ADENOPHORA. A cylindrical Tube surrounding the base of the Style. Other-
wise ike Campanula, CAMPANULACEA, p. 241.

514. SPECULARIA. Caps. lineari-oblong, prismatic, 2—5-celled, opening by pores
between segments of calyx. Cor. rotate: segments shallow, Stigma 2—5-cleft, revolute. Cam-
PANULACED. p. 241.

515. TRACHELIUM. Caps. 3-celled, opening ae as many pores. Cor. funnel-shaped.
Style long. Stigma globose. CAMPANULACER. p. 2

506. LOBELIA. Caps. 2-3-celled, opening at an into 2-3 valves. Cor. irregular !
Tube cylindrical, split on the upper side. Stigma round, hairy. Anthers cohering. LoBEL-
ACER. p. 286.

507. LAURENTIA. Caps. 2-3-celled. Cor. bilabiate: upper lip cloven ; lower 3-lobed.
Fil, united above the middle. Very small, smooth plants. LoBrLiackm. p. 236.

ili. My. a berry with 2-3 cells, and several seeds. CAPRIFOLIACER.
364. LONICERA. Cor. tubular or funnel-shaped, unequally 5-cleft. Style filiform.
Stigma capitate. Shrubs, with opposite L. and branches. p. 162.
E. £1. of 4-5 petals, inferior.
i, Fl. regular. Pet. equal. Sta. on a dise forming the base of the calyx.
156. ZIZYPHUS. Drupe ovate, with a valveless nut. Seeds not furrowed. Shrubs,
with simple, alternate, nerved L. RHAMNER. p. 73.

157. PALIURUS. Fr. dry, surrounded by a wing. Seeds not furrowed. Hadit of
Zizyphus. RHAMNEM. p. 73.

158. RHAMNUS. Berry 2-4-celled. Cal. funnel-shaped, bearing the petals. Sta. oppo-
site petals. Seeds furrowed at base. Shrubs, with simple L. and aaillary Fl. RHAMNER. p. 73.

154. EHVONYMUS. Caps. 4—5-celled (and with as many angles, PERS.), having a peltate
disc within. Seeds with a fleshy tunic. Cal. flat. Shrubs, with simple, opposite L. CELAS-
TRINEE. p. 73.
ii. Fl. regular. Pet. separate at base. Sta. on receptacle. Shrubs, with climbing stems and

dwided L. AMPELIDER.
140. VITIS. Berry with 2-5 seeds. Style 0. Pet. united at top! p. 68.

141. AMPELOPSIS. Berry with 4 seeds. Style with a capitate stigma. Pet. not
united at top. p. 68.
iii. FV. irregular ; lower Pet. spurred.

144, IMPATIENS. Caps. 5-celled, elastic. Pet. unequal. Cal. 2-leaved, caducous.
Tender, succulent plants. Seeds scattering with a spring. BALSAMINEX, CORYDALES of
linn. p. 71.

99. VIOLA. Caps. 1-celled, 5-valved. Pet. unequal; the lowest with a spur. Cal. 5-leaved,
produced backwards. VIOLARIED. p. 39

FB. Ll. of 5 petals, superior.
267. RIBES. Berry many-seeded. Cal. bearing the petals. Style cloven. Shruds,
with divided L. GRossvutarim. Pomaces of Linn. p. 136.

358. HEDERA. Berry 5-celled and 5-seeded, crowned by the calyx. Style simple. Pet.
broadest at base, not adhering at top. ARALIACEa. p. 161.

GENERA. XXX1

G. Fl. with a single perianth.

164. CERATONIA. Polygamous. Cal. 5-parted. Cor. 0. Legume coriaceous, Seeds
many, imbedded. A large Tree, with pinnate, perennial L, LeGuMINosm. p. 79.

674. GLAUX. Caps. superior, 5-seeded. Cal. coloured, of 1 L. L. opposite. I. axillary,
sessile. PRIMULACER. p. 3038.

251. ILLECEBRUM. Caps. superior, (5-valved, Prrs.,) 1-seeded. Cal. cartilaginous,
of 5 L., thickened and horned at the back. Plant diffuse, with small, opposite L. and scariose
Stipules. Paronycuiem. Hoxorace# of Linn., as the 2 following genera. p. 130.

252. PARONYCHIA. Caps. superior, 1-seeded. Cal. 5-parted, not thickened, some-
what hooded. Five linear scales in lieu of petals. Resembles Illecebrum. PARONYCHIE®,
p- 130.

681. ACHYRANTHES. Seed 1, superior. Cal. 5-leaved, toothed or fringed. Scales
between Fil. connected into a tube below. Scariose Bracts below the Fl. AMARANTHACEA®.
p. ll.

705. THESIUM. Nut inferior, on a fleshy base. Cal. coriaceous, 5-cleft, bearing the
stamens. Branching plants, with narrow L. of an olive-green. SANTALACEM. p. 822.

Ti. DIGYNIA.

A. Fl. of a single perianth, iferior.
i. Fruit a drupe. URTICER.

724. CELTIS., Cal. 5-6-parted. Style 0. Stigma cloven, divaricate. Drupe 1-seeded.
Some Fl. barren. 4 Tree, with alternate, stalked, undivided L., and axillary Fl. Fr. edible.
p- 331.

ii. Caps. of 2 cells and 2 seeds. Embryo straight. UR tick.

725. ULMUS. Caps. membranous, compressed, bordered, superior. Trees, with stalked,
alternate, oblique, undwided L. p. 331.

iii. Seed solitary, not enclosed in a seed-vessel. Embryo curved. CHENOPODIER.
Hororace# of Linn.

684. SALSOLA. Seed coriaceous, imbedded in calyx. Embryo spiral, with the turns

almost equally thick. No albumen. Calyx of 5 leaves, transversely keeled, or with dorsal
appendages. All Calyces similar. p. 312.

685. SUAZDA. Seed crustaceous, imbedded in the fleshy calyx. Embryo spiral. Inner
Turns thinner, with albumen on each side. Cal. 5-parted, nearly or quite without any transverse
keel. Plants with alternate, fleshy, terete or semiterete L. p. 312.

686. KOCHIA. Embryo bent round albumen. Cal. 5-cleft, with dorsal appendages, all
similar. Stigmas 2. L. numerous, small, narrow. yp. 313.

687. CHENOPODIUM. Seed crustaceous, lenticular. Embryo bent round albumen.
Cal. 5-parted, without dorsal appendages; all similar. JL. alternate. No Stipules. p. 318.

688. BETA. Seed kidney-shaped, imbedded in the fleshy calyx. Embryo bent round
albumen. Covering coriaceous. Sta. on a fleshy ring. Smooth and somewhat succulent plants.
Fl. in clusters. p. 314.

695. OBIONE. Differs from <Atriplexr in having a membranous seed-coat. A plant of
salt-marshes. L. grey. p. 315.

696. ATRIPLEX. Some Fl. perfect, others without anthers. Calyces different. Sta.
3-5. Seed 1, crustaceous, vertical in the female Fl., horizontal in the perfect. Embryo bent
round albumen. p. 315.

Polygonum amphibium.

XXXi1 GENERA.

B. Corolla inferior, of \ staminiferous petal.
i. Vollicles 2. APOCYNER.

542. APOCYNUM. Cor. campanulate. Fil. 5, alternate with as many scale-like glands,
and with the segments of the corolla. p. 245.

543. CYNANCHUM. Cor. rotate. Crown of Nect. cylindrical, 5-tipped. Stigma:
apiculate. p. 245.

544. PEHRIPLOCA.. Cor. rotate: segments somewhat twisted, with 5 intermediate
scales, each ending in a long curved point. Staminal Tube of 5, free, externally bearded Fil.
p. 246.

545. GOMPHOCARPUS. Cor. rotate, spreading. Crown of Nect. of 5 urceolate:
tubes. follicles ventricose, covered with soft spines. p. 246.

546. ASCLEPIAS. Cor. rotate, reflexed. Crown of the Nect. of 5 hood-like L. Stigma.
pointless. p. 246.

547. STAPELIA. Cor. rotate, fleshy. Nect.a double star, 5-cleft, covering the organs:
Follicles subcylindrical. 4 fleshy plant, with fetid Fl. The angular leafless Stem beset with
acumimate tubercles. p. 246.

ii. Fruit a capsule.

552. LOMATOGONIUM. Caps. 1-celled. Placentas attached to margin of valves.

Style 0. Cor. rotate, without nectariferous pores. GENTIANED. p. 246.

551. SWERTIA. Caps. 1-celled, many-seeded. Cor. rotate; 2 nectariferous. pores at
base of each segment. Hadit of Gentiana. GENTIANED. p. 246.

5538. GENTIANA. Caps. 1-celled, many-seeded. Cor. tubular, without pores. Seeds
parietal. Styles often combined. Plant erect. LL. opposite. GENTIANER. p. 246.

559. CRESSA. Caps. 2-valved, 1-4-seeded. Cor. salver-shaped, 5-parted. Branched.
L. simple, alternate, quite entire. CONVOLVULACE. p. 251.

560. CUSCUTA. Caps. 2-celled, 4-seeded, bursting transversely. Cor. campanulate,.
with internal scales. Parasitecal leafless Herbs, with a twining stem and no cotyledons. Con-
VOLVULACESE. p. 251.

Velezia occasionally.

C. Cor. inferior. Pet.5. PaRGNYCHIER.
250. HERNIARIA. Caps. membranous, not opening, 1-seeded, invested with calyx.
Pet. 5, very narrow, like abortive Fil. Small plants, with opposite L., and clusters of tnconspicu-
ous #7. p. 180.

D. I. of 5 petals, superior. Seeds 2. UMBELLATR.

[In the following arrangement of the Tribes, I have nearly followed De Candolle. Perhaps
it might be improved, as a natural arrangement, by rendering it less systematical. Crithmum
and Cachrys have corky seeds; and to these, perhaps, might be joined @nanthe. This latter
genus and Aithusa have a white mass on each side of the ripe seed, filling up the surface of the,
fruit, so as to leave no depression between the seeds. Conzwm, which has curved seeds, would,
perhaps, in a more natural arrangement, be joined to the Amminee. The difference between
these and the Sesedinee is sometimes obscure ; and the student must be careful not to depend
upon unripe seeds, since in many genera, where, when young, they form a fruit nearly circular on
the section, they afterwards become angular and contracted at their junction; each seed in the
section being nearly pentagonal. |

Sect. I. Kernel straight, or nearly so.
a. Umbel imperfect or simple.

1. Eryneiem. Fl.in ahead. Gen. 271.
2. SanicuLe®. Umbel simple or imperfect. Fr. subovoid. Gen. 272-275.

GENERA. XXXII

3. Hyprocotyzpa, Umbel irregular or imperfect. Seed flattened laterally! Gen, 276.
The L., in these three tribes are somewhat palmatinerved, not compound,
Bupleurum tenuissimum.

b. Umbel compound, as in all the following divisions. Seeds without secondary ridges.

4, AmmInE&. LEach Seed pentagonal or with 5 prominent ribs ; the side forming the junction

little or not at all larger than the others. ZL. compound, except in Bupleurum. Gen.
277-298.

5, SESELINE®. Seeds with 5 nearly equal ribs, or pentagonal; the side forming the junction
much larger than the others. L. compound. Gen. 294-310.

6. ANGELICE®. Seeds somewhat compressed, with 5 prominent ribs, 2 of which are broader
and form separate wings. L. compound. Gen. 311-315.

7. PEUCEDANE®. Fruit very much compressed, with 3 small dorsal ribs; the lateral wings
jomed. Gen. 316-825,

e. Fruit with secondary ridges.
8. SILERINE®. Secondary Ridges less prominent than the primary. Gen. 326, 327.
9. THapstnm. Secondary Ridges largest, winged, unarmed. Gen. 328, 329.
10. Daucinem. Secondary Ridges largest, prickly. Gen. 330, 331.

Secr. Il. Kernel curved so as to present a longitudinal furrow.
1]. Cavcatinex. Secondary Ribs furnished with prickles. Gen. 332, 333.
12. ELxoseninem. Fruit not prickly. Exterior secondary Ribs winged. Gen. 334.
13. ScaNDICINEE. Fruit beaked or elongated; uo secondary ribs. Gen. 335-341,
14, SMyrnex. Fruit not prickly, ovoid; no secondary ribs. Gen. 342-354.

Sect. III. Kernel cup-shaped.

15. Cortanprem&. Fruit hardly longer than thick. No prominent ridges. An obscure,
flexuose depression in place of the primary ridges. Gen. 355, 356.

Secor. I. Kernel not incurved.
a. No complete, compound Umbel.
Tribe I. ERYNGIEZ.
271. ERYNGIUM. Fr. ovoid, prickly. Common Recept. scaly. Bracts many. Hard
plants. LL. more or less ternate or palmate ; lower often undivided. Teeth spinescent. p. 141.

Tribe II. SANICULEA.

272. HACQUETIA. Ridges of Fr. even, tubular. Cal. of 5 teeth. All L. radical. Um-
bel somewhat head-like from the shortness of the rays. p. 142.

273. ASTRANTIA. Ridges of Fr. plicato-dentate, inflated. Cal. of 5 L. Lnwvolucels
corolia-like. yp. 142.

274. SANICULA. Fr. without ridges, covered with hooked prickles. Central Fits. barren ;
marginal without stamens. Cal.of 5 L. p. 142.

275. PETAGNIA. Fil. of Umbellule 3: the middle sessile, fertile; the lateral stalked,
barren. p. 142.

Tribe III. HYDROCOTYLE...
276. HYDROCOTYLE. Fr. with 2 ribs on each side. Cal. 0. L. simple on a nearly
central stalk. yp. 143.
b. Umbel compound, as in all the following. Seeds without secondary ridges.
Tribe IV. AMMINEZ.
277. BUPLEURUM. Cal. 0. Partial Bracts many, sometimes united, often simu-
i

XXXIV GENERA.

lating a flower. Pet. roundish, ye//ow, with a broad, involute, retuse appendage, L. entare !
The Kernel in some species is slightly curved. yp. 143.

278. CICUTA. Cal. of 5 leafy teeth. Partial Bracts several, unequal. Fl. nearly regu-
lar, all perfect. Stripe solitary in each furrow of the fruit. A perennial, fetid, poisonous,
aquatic plant, with a hollow stem and ternato-tripinnate L. yp. 144.

279. PTYCHOTIS. Cal. of 5 small teeth. Partial Bracts several. Appendage rising
transversely from middle of the obovate, emarginate petal. Stripe solitary. Stem-L. dwided
into capillary segments. yp. 145.

280. FALCARIA. Cal. of 5 teeth. Partial Bracts half surrounding the umbellule. Pet.
with an inflexed, terminal appendage. Stripe solitary. JL. ternate and again divided on one
side to the midrib. Margin cartilaginous. p. 145.

281. HELOSCIADIUM. Teeth of Cal. small. Partial Bracts several. Pet. entire. Stripe
solitary. Plants with creeping stems and pinnate L. In H. inundatum and H. erassipes there
zs no calyx. The other species might well be reunited to Sium. p. 145.

282. STUM. Cal. of 5 teeth. Partial Bracts several. Pet. emarginate. Stripes more than
one in each furrow. Smooth aquatic plants, with pinnate L. yp. 145.

288. AMMI. Cal. obsolete. General and partial Bracts pinnatifid. Pet. radiant, 2-lobed.
Stripe solitary. Fl. all fertile. Kernel somewhat curved. L. decompound: segments linear.
Halit of Daucus. p. 145.

284. GASPARRINIA. Cal. obsolete. Some of the General Bracts divided; partial
setaceous. Pet. entire, involute at the tip. Stripe solitary. Kernel somewhat curved. L. de-
compound, with short, inear, acute segments. yp. 146.

285. PHTROSELINUM. Cal. 0. General Bracts 0-2; partial many: all simple.
Pet. roundish, nearly entire, uniform. Stripe solitary. Stylopode crenulate. Carpophore entire.
Parsley. p. 146.

286. SISON. Cal. obsolete. General and Partial Bracts each about 8, undivided. Pet.
deeply divided. Fr. roundish. Stripe solitary, short. Stigma nearly sessile. JL. pumnate or
bipinnate. Lts. of upper L. deeply divided. yp. 146.

287. BUNIUM. Cal. obsolete. General Bracts simple or wanting ; partial more than 1.
Pet. obcordate, with a short appendage. Fr. ovato-oblong. Stripes 1-3 in each furrow. Root
with a subglobular tuber. Stem becoming very thin downwards. L. decompound and divided :
segments linear. Includes Carum, except C. Carui. B. flexuosum sometimes wants the partial
bracts, and the kernel is distinctly channeled. p. 146.

288. CRYPTOTAINIA. Cal. obsolete. Bracts single or wanting. Pet. ovate. Fr.
oblong. Stripes many, deeply seated. L. teruate. Lts. ovate. yp. 146.

289. PIMPINELLA. Cal. obsolete. Bracts 0. Pet. emarginate. Fr. ovoid. Stripes
many, superficial. Root-L. pinnate. Stem-L. more divided. 1. im one species yellow. Fr.
im four other species hairy. p. 146.

290. APIUM. Cal. obsolete. Partial Bracts 0. Pet. nearly circular, entire. Fr. sub-
rotund. Stripe solitary (in the lateral furrows triple, LinpLEy). I. uniform, greenish. L. pin-
nate: Div. cuneiform, incise. yp. 147.

291. CARUM. Cal. obsolete. Partial Bracts 0. Appendage of Pet. narrow. Fr. oval.
Stripe solitary. L. bipinnate. Lower Lts. close to stalk and turned forward. jp. 147.

292. ARGOPODIUM. Cal. 0. Partial Bracts 0. Fr. attenuate towards the co-
nical stylopode. Stripe 0. Lower L. biternate; upper ternate. Its. broad, acuminate.
p. 147.

293. TRINIA. Diccious! Cal. 0. Partial Bracts few or none. Pet. of barren FI.
lanceolate; of fertile ovate: both with appendage. Stripe 1 or 0. Much branched. L. bi-
pinnate: Dw. triternate; Segm. linear. jp. 147.

GENERA. XXXV

Tribe V. SESELINE ZL.
294. G2NANTHE. Cal. of 5 teeth. Partial Bracts many. Outer Fl. barren. In-

terval between the Kernels filled with a corky mass! Styles erect, Stripe solitary. Lower L.
bipinnate. Root in most species either with tubers or thickened fibres. p. 147.

_ 295. CRITHMUM. Cal. obsolete. General and partial Bracts many. Kernel imbedded
inacorky mass. Stigma nearly sessile. Stripe 0. L. tripinnate. Lts. lanceolato-linear,
quite entire, fleshy. p. 148.

296. ASTHUSA. Cal. obsolete. Partial Bracts 3, pendulous, on one side of umbel-
lule. Ridges thick and corky, with an acute keel. Stripe 1. Annual plants, with supra-
decompound L, yp. 148.

297. ELUM. Cal. obsolete. Bracts 0. Pet. rounded, entire, with a broad
obtuse appendage. Ridges thin, obtusely keeled. Stripe 1. FV. yellow. L. decompound,
with lineari-setaceous segments. p. 148.

298 BRIGNOLIA. Cal. of 5 teeth. Bracts many. Pet. ovate, entire. Appendage
retuse. Fr. cylindrical. Ridges obtusely keeled. Stripe solitary. Primary L. simple ; later
pinnate or bipinnate ; Lts. ovate, serrate. p. 149.

299. SHSELI. Cal. of 5, thick, short, permanent teeth. Partial Bracts many. Fr.
oval. - Ridges obtuse. Stripe usually solitary. L. somewhat ternato-decompound. Lts. very
narrow. p. 149.

300. LIBANOTIS. Cal. of 5, subulate, deciduous teeth. Bracts many. Fr. ovoid.
Ridges obtuse. Stripe solitary. Young Fr. hairy. L. pinnate, pinnatifid ; lower Lts. de-
cussate. p. 149.

301. ATHAMANTA. Cal. of 5 teeth. Partial Bracts many. Fr. flask-like, hairy.
Ridges obtuse. Stripes 2 or 3 in each furrow. L. compound: Segm. multifid. Pet. hairy
externally, yp. 149.

302. TROCHISCANTHES. Cal. of 5 teeth. Partial Bracts 1 or 2. Pet. ob-
cordate, with a long claw. Ridges of Fr. acute and somewhat winged. Stripes 3 or 4.
Branches numerous ; upper opposite or verticillate. Lower L. somewhat triternate. Lts.
large, ovato-oblong, acuminate. vp. 150

303. LIGUSTICUM. Cal. of 5 teeth. Partial Bracts few or many. Pet. obcordate,
with a very short claw. Ridges of Fr. acute, somewhat winged. Stripes 3 or 4. “Zits. decom-
pound and pinnatifid, or supradecompound. In li. resinosum the Pet. are yellow. p. 150.

304. WALLROTHIA. Cal. of 5 teeth. Partial Bracts 5-S. Pet. entire, acute at
each end. Ridges of Fr. prominent. Stripes several? Differs from Meum by its evident
calyz, and from Ligusticum by its entire petals —DC. p. 150.

305. MEUM. Cal. obsclete. Partial Bracts 8-5. Pet. entire, acute at each end. Ridges
of Fr. very acute. Stripes many. Perennial plants, with finely divided L. p.150.

306. SILAUS. Cal. obsolete. Partial Bracts many, linear. Style very short. Pet. oblong,
yellowish. Ridges of Fr. somewhat winged. Stripes many. Lower L. tripinnate. L. lineart-
lanceolate, entire, or 2-8-parted. Kernel easily separated, with 2 vitte on inner face.-—JI.W.
p. 150.

307. CNIDIUM. Cal. obsolete. Partial Bracts subulate or setaceous. Ridges of Fr. with
a membranous wing. Stripe solitary. L. 2-3-pinnate and pinnatifid. yp. 150. ;

308. CORISTOSPERMUM. Cal. obsolete. Some of the general Bracts laciniate ; par-
tial numerous, linear, acuminate, entire, with a membranous margin. Ridges of Fr. slightly
winged. Style 0. Stem erect, leafy. L. supradecompound. Its. short, pinnatifid. p. 151.

309. GAYA. Cal. obscure. Some of the Bracts 2-3-cleft. Ridges of Fr. slightly winged,
nearly equal. Stripes 0. LZ. bipinnate, pinnatifid. Stem nearly naked. Accor ding to Bert.,
Gaya pyrenaica has a calyx of 5 small teeth. Fr. much compr essed. p. 151.

Ho

XXXVI GENERA.

310. CONIOSELINUM. Cal. obscure. Partial Bracts 5—7, lineari-subulate, about as
long as umbellule. Ridges with membranous wings; the lateral twice as wide as the dorsal.
Stripes 2 or 3. p. 151.

Tribe VI. ANGELICEA.

311. SELINUM. Cal. obsolete. Partial Bracts many. Pet. cordate. All Ridges of Fr.
winged. Stripes of dorsal Furrows solitary. L. tripinnate. ts. 3—5-parted. Segm. narrow,
entire. p. 151.

312. LEVISTICUM. Cal. obscure. Bracts many. Pet. roundish, entire, with short ap-

pendage. All the Ridges winged. Stripes solitary. Z. decompound. Lts. obovato-cuneate, inciso-
dentate. p.151.

313. ANGELICA. Cal. obscure. Partial Bracts many. Pet. lanceolate, acuminate, entire.

Dorsal Ridges filiform. Stripe solitary. L. very large, tripinnate. Lts. ovate, serrate. Umbel
globose. p. 1d1.

314. ARCHANGELICA. Cal. of 5 teeth. Partial Bracts many. Pet. elliptical, acuminate,
entire. Dorsal Ridges keeled. Stripe 0. Kernel free, covered with numerous fine lines. Plant
nearly as in Angelica. p.1d1.

315. OSTERICUM. Cal. of 5 teeth. Partial Bracts many. Pet. roundish, clawed. Dorsal

Ridges filiform, all hollow. Stripe 1, to which the kernel adheres. L. ternato-decompound. Lis.
cordato-ovate, unequally toothed. jp. 151.

Tribe VII. PHUCEDANE.

316. TOMMASINIA. Cal. of 5 teeth. Bracts 0. Fr. subrotund: dorsal ridges filiform.
Internal Face of Seed acutely keeled. One Stripe to each external furrow; two on the inner
face. Resembles Angelica in habit. p. 151.

317. FERULA. Cal. of 5 teeth. Partial Bracts 0. Dorsal Ridges of Fr. filiform; edge
somewhat thickened. Stripes 2 or 8. Very large plants, with yellow Fl. and finely divided
£. p. 151.

318, FERULAGO. Cal. of 5 teeth. Partial Bracts many. Dorsal Ridges of Fr. filiform.
Stripes very numerous. Rather large plants, with yellow I. and finely divided L. Aceording
to Koch, the stripes are on the kernel. p. 152.

319. PEUCEDANUM. Cal. of 5 teeth. Partial Bracts many. Dorsal Ridges filiform.

- Stripe solitary, extending along the furrow. JL. variously shaped and divided. In two species
the Fl. are yellow. p. 152.

320. HERACLEUM. Cal. of 5 teeth. Partial Bracts many. Dorsal Ridges fililorm. Stripe
solitary, much shorter than furrow, wswally clavate. Large plants, with harsh L., not much di-
vided. Germen hairy. p. 153.

321. PASTINACA. Cal. obsolete. Bracts none. Pet. subround, entire, with a broad, retuse
appendage. Stripe narrow, acute, solitary. Ridges very slender. Root fusiform. L. pinnate.

Fi. yellow. P. Opoponax sometimes has a few small bracts, and the L. are bipinnate. It has
also 3 stripes. p. 158.

322. ANETHUM. Cal. obsolete. Bracts 0. Pet. subrotund, entire, with a 4-sided, retuse
appendage. Stripe occupying the whole furrow. Strongly smelling plants. Stem dichotomous.
Divisions of L. capillary. p. 154.

323. IMPERATORIA. Cal. obsolete. Bracts many. Dorsal Ridges filiform. Stripe soli-
tary, as long as the furrow. LL. ternate or biternate. p. 154.

324. PALIMBIA. Cal. obsolete. General Bracts 0; partial 0-5. Dorsal Ridges filiform.

More stripes than furrows. L. pinnate, on long, narrow sheaths. Lower Lts. sometimes decus-
sate. Segm. linear. p. 154.

325. TORDYLIUM. Cal. of 5 teeth. Bracts many. Fi. very radiant. Fr. finely stri-
ate, thickened at the edge! Plant rough. L. pinnate. p. 154.

.

GENERA. XXXVI

e. Fruit with secondary ridges.
Tribe VITI. SILERINEZ.
326. SILER. Cal. of 5 teeth. Bracts 0, or deciduous. Fr. lenticular. Stripe solitary.
L. triternate. Lis. subrotund. yp. 154.

327. KRUBERA. Cal. of 5 teeth. General Bracts 2-5; partial 4-5. T'r. lenticular:
ridges plicato-crenate. No stripe. L. multifid: segments short, linear. p. 154.

Tribe IX. THAPSIEA.

328. THAPSIA. Cal. of 5 teeth. Bracts deciduous. Lateral secondary nerves alone
winged, Wings entire. Stripe solitary. Umbel large, many-rayed. /. yellow. L. much
divided ; the upper ones reduced to the sheathing stalk. yp. 154.

329. LASERPITIUM. Cal. of 5 teeth. Bracts numerous, permanent. Hach secondary
ridge furnished with a membranous wing. L. decompound. Umbels large, of many rays. Fl.
white, except in two species, where they are yellowish, with a purple border. p. 154.

Tribe X. DAUCINEZ.

330. DAUCUS. Cal. of 5 teeth. Bracts numerous, pinnatifid. Fr. slightly compressed.
Pr. of the ridges in a simple series. Umbel of the Fl. flat. I. often becoming yellow in
drying. p. 155.

331. ORLAYA. Cal. of 5 teeth. Pet. radiant. Partial Bracts many. Fr. compressed.
Pr. of the secondary ridges in 2 or 3 series. Stripe single. Annual plants. L. multifid. Segm..
linear. 1. white, radiant ; those of the dise barren. p. 157.

Sror. II]. Kernel curved.

Tribe XI. CAUCALINE..

332. CAUCALIS. Cal. of 5 teeth. Partial Bracts lanceolate, spreading. Fl. radiant;
those of the dise barren. Secondary Ridges prickly. Stripe solitary. L. multzfid. yp. 158.

333. TORILIS. Cal. of 5 teeth. Partial Bracts 5-8, lanceolate, ciliate. Fl. somewhat
radiant. Secondary Ridges replaced by an abundance of prickles. L. depinnate, pinnatifid :
terminal segments generally lengthened. yp. 158.

Tribe XI. LLAMOSELINEA.

334. ELAZOSELINUM. Teeth of Cal. lanceolate, acuminate. Styles, during the
flowering, very short. Wings of dorsal Ridges narrower. A Stripe under each ridge. Root-
L. digitate, decompound. Lts. multifid. Segm. short, setaceous. p. 158.

Tribe XIII. SCANDICINEZ.

335. SCANDIX. Beak as long or longer than seed. Ridges obtuse. Cal. obsolete.
Partial Bracts 2-5. Fits, somewhat radiant ; outer barren. Aznuals. L. finely divided. p.158,

336. ANTHRISCUS. Beak not half as long as seed. Ridges apparent only on beak,
Cal. obsolete. Bracts various. Fl. equal; outer fertile. ZL. decompound: segments li-
near, p. 158.

337. PHYSOCAULIS. Beak 0. Fr. subcylindrical, rough with tubercles and incurved
bristles, contracted at the top. Ridges very obtuse. Style very short. Cal. obsolete. . Par-
tial Bracts 5. Fl. equal; all fertile. Stem swelled at the knots. L. bipinnate. Lts. ovate.
Differs from Torilis in having no calyx. p. 159.

338. CHATROPHYLLUM. Beak 0. Fr. oblong or linear: ridges very obtuse. Stripe
solitary. Style filiform. Cal. obsolete. Partial Bracts reflexed. 1. somewhat radiant ; outer
barren. JL. decompound. yp. 159.

339. BIASOLETTIA. Beak 0. Fr. oblongo-lanceolate: ridges acute and somewhat
winged, equal. Furrows flat. Stripe solitary. Cal. obsolete. Partial Bracts spreading. L.
bipinnate, pinnatifid : segments lanceolate and linear. jp. 160.

XXXVI GENERA.

340. MYRRHIS. Beak 0. Fr. cylindrico-lanceolate. Seed covered with a double mem-
brane, of which the outer is raised into 5 acute, keeled, hollow ridges! Stripe 0. Cal. obsolete.
Partial Bracts lanceolate, acuminate. L. tripinnate. Seeds aromatic. yp. 160.

341. MOLOPOSPERMUM. Fr. ovato-oblong: ridges winged, dorsal widest. Stripe
solitary, wanting on the internal face. Cal. leafy. Pet. lanceolate, entire, with long acumen.
L. tripinnate. Lts. decursively pinnatifid. p. 160.

Tribe XIV. SUYRNEZ.

[This group is neither natural in itself, nor well distinguished from others. The degree of
curvature in the Kernel is very various. |

342. MALABAILA. Cal. of 5 small teeth. Style in Fl. very short. Fr. compressed : ridges
winged. Stripes 3. Defers from Coristospermum 7a its Cal., obcordate Pet., and short
Styles. p. 160.

343. CACHRYS. Cal. obsolete. Kernel imbedded in a corky mass. Furrows hardly
marked. No Stripe on the pericarp; many Strie on the kernel. L. finely divided. Fl.
yellow. p. 160.

344. PRANGOS. Cal. obsolete. Kernel imbedded in a corky mass. Furrows wide. Stripe
0. Ridges somewhat winged. Kernel covered with fine strie. L. finely divided. Fi. yellow.
p. 160.

345. LOPHOCACHRYS. Cal. of 5 teeth. Kernel imbedded in a corky mass. Fur-
rows wide. Stripe 0. Ridges thin, crested. Kernel covered with fine strie. JL. thick, rigid,
somewhat ternately decompound. yp. 160.

346. ARGOMARATHRUM. (Cal. of 5 teeth. Kernel imbedded in a corky mass.
Ridges very thick and obtuse. Bracts many. JL. finely divided. Hl. yellow. p.160.

347. HCHINOPHORA. Cal. of 5 teeth. FI. radiant; the central alone of each umbel-
lule fertile! Fr. imbedded in the common receptacle! Segm. of L. spinescent. p. 160.

348. PHYSOSPERMUM. Cal. of 5 teeth. Partial Bracts many. Fr. contracted in the
middle, not inflated. Ridges thin, smooth. Stripe solitary. Root-L. triternate. p. 160.

349. LECOKIA. Cal. of 5 teeth. Partial Bracts many, setaceous. Fr. contracted in
the middle, not inflated. Ridges thick, corky, prickly. p. 161.

350. PLHUROSPERMUM. Cal. of 5 teeth. Bracts many. Pet. obovate, entire. Fr.
laterally compressed, inflated. Ridges swelling, hollow. Furrows of inner covering with 1
or 2 stripes each. Stem hollow. L. 2-3-pinnate. Lts. oblongo-lanceolate, ineiso-serrate.
p. 161.

351. CONIUM. Cal. obsolete. Partial Bracts 3-5 on one side. Ridges hairless, un-
dulato-crenate; furrows with numerous striee, but no true stripe. Umbels many. Fl. small.
L. tripinnate. p. 161.

352. MAGYDARIS. Cal. obsolete. Bracts many. Ridges thick, even, densely tomen-
tose. Furrows without stripe. L. simple and pinnate. Lts. large, ovate or oblong. jp. 161.

353. COLLADONIA. Cal. obsolete. Partial Bracts many. Dorsal Ridge on each side
wingless; the others winged. Stripe solitary. Lower L. pinnate. Lts. decursively pinna-
tifid ; those of upper L. bipinnatifid. Fl. yellow. p.161.

354. SMYRNIUM. Cal. obsolete. Bracts 0. Pet. entire, with inflexed acumen. Fr.

contracted at joing. ‘Three dorsal ridges prominent; lateral obliterate. Stripes many. FV.
yellowish or greenish. “Lower L. ternately decompound. Lts. not minutely divided. jp. 161.

Seor. Il. Kernel cup-shaped.

Tribe XV. CORIANDREZL.
355. BIFORA. Cal. 0. Bracts few or 0. Fr. a double globe, granulate, marked with
5, indistinct, impressed strie. Annual, fetid Herbs. L. much diwided. . 161.

.

GENERA. XXXiX

356. CORIANDRUM. (Cal. of 5 teeth. Partial Bracts 3, on one side. Fr. a single
globe, with 5 depressed, and 4 somewhat elevated and keeled ridges. Herb, as i Bifora. p. 161.

Ill. TRIGYNIA.
A. Lowers superior. CAPRIFOLIACEM.

362. SAMBUCUS. Cor. 5-cleft. Berry with 3 seeds. Cal. small, 5-parted, perma-
nent. Stem arborescent, herbaceous or shrubby. L. opposite, pinnate, serrate. Fl. in ter-
minal cymes. p. 162.

363. VIBURNUM. Cor. 5-cleft. Berry with 1 seed. Cal. small, 5-narted, perma-
nent. Shrubs, with opposite undivided L. Fl. numerous, in terminal cymes. p. 162.

B. Flowers inferior.

160. RHUS. Pet. 5. Berry dry, with 1-8 seeds. Cal. small, 5-parted, permanent.
Shrubs with alternate L. Fl. in panicles or racemes. Stip.0. TEREBINTHACE. p. 74.

153. STAPHYLEA. Pet. 5. Caps. 2-3, inflated. Cal. 5-parted, as large as corolla.
Nect. cup-shaped, central. 4 Shrub, with pinnate L., and Fl. in drooping racemes. CELAS-
TRINEZ. p. 73.

240. TAMARIX. Pet. 5. Caps. of 3 valves, 1 cell, and many seeds. Seeds feathered.
Fil. inserted on the 5-parted calyx. (T. germanica as 10 Il. united at base.) Slender Shrubs,
with minute, fleshy, sessile L. Fl. in racemes. TAMARISCINEA. p. 128.

248. THELEPHIUM. Pet.5. Caps. 3-edged. Sep. 5. Stamens inserted on the base
of the petals. Caps. imperfectly 3-celled. Seeds numerous. Placenta central. 4 woody, pro-
cumbent plant. 1. corymbose. L. furnished with stipules. PARONYCHIER. p. 180.

249. CORRIGIOLA. Pet. 5. Seed 1, hard, 8-edged, covered with the permanent
calyx. Sep. hardly cohermg. Cal. as large as Cor. Small, smooth, herbaceous Annuals, with
scattered, undivided L. PaRonycHies. p. 130.

114. DRYPIS. Pet. 5, trifid, crowned at the mouth with 2 teeth. Caps. circumsciss,
l-seeded. Cal.tubular, of \ L., 5-toothed. Stem square. L. opposite. CARYOPHYLLACES. p. 53.

Polycarpon alsinifolium and peplordes.

IV. THETRAGYNIA. Drosrracez.

104. PARNASSIA. Nectaries fringed with gland-bearing filaments! Caps. of 1 cell
and 4 valves. Pet. 5, concave, with longitudinal, pellucid ribs. Stems simple, each bearing
one smooth, entire L. and 1 Fl. p. 42.

V. PENTAGYNIA.

677. STATICH. Pet. 5, inferior. Seed 1, clothed with the base of the inferior, funnel-
shaped calyx. Border of Cal. plaited, skinny, permanent. Rigid, perennial Herbs, with
simple, chiefly radical L. PLUMBAGINER. p. 304.

129. LINUM. Pet. 5, inferior. Caps. of 10 cells and 10 seeds. LZ. semple, entire, mostly
alternate. LINE&. p. 60.

212. SIBBALDIA. Pet. 5, inferior. Germens 5, becoming as many seeds. Cal. in
10 segments, permanent; the 5 inner larger. Fil. on rim of calyx. 4 low, herbaceous plant.
L. ternate. Stip. attached to L.-stalks. Rosacem. p. 120.

102. DROSHRA. Pet. 5, inferior. Cal. 5-cleft. Caps. of 1 cell and 3 or 4 valves.
Seeds numerous, each with an arillus. Stemless. L. undivided. Hairs each tipped with a
viscid gland. DROSERACER. p. 42.

103. ALDROVANDA. Pet. 5, inferior. Cal. 5-parted. Caps. of 5 valves, 1 cell, and 10
seeds. Growing in mud, and afterwards floating. L.in whorls. Stalks axillary, 1-flowered.
DROSERACEM, p. 42.

Myosurus. Ceratocephalus. Sedum rubens.

xl GENERA.

VI. HEXANDRIA.
I. MONOGYNIA.

A. Fi. with calyx and corolla.
B. No calyx. 1. superior, mostly inclosed at first in a sheath.
C. No calyx. Fl. inferior, mostly without a sheath.
i. Fr. a berry of 3 cells.
ii. Fr. a capsule, opening into 3 follicles.
iii. Fr. a capsule. Dissepiments attached to the centre of the valves.
a. Fil. bearded.
b. Fil. not bearded. Pet. 6.
* Seeds many in each cell.
** Seeds few (2-8, or perhaps sometimes 10 or 12) in each cell.

ce. Fil. not bearded. Pet.1. |
D. Fi. on a common spadix.
E. No Petals. Cal. inferior, persistent.

A. #1. with calyx and corolla.
22. BERBERIS. Cal. of 6 sepals, inferior. Pet. 6, each with 2 glands at base. Berry with
2 seeds. A Shrub. L. alternate, having bristly serratures, a thorn at base of leaf-bud, and a
raceme of yellow Fl. BERBERIDER. p. 11.

23. LEONTICE. Sep. 6, deciduous, inferior. Pet. 6. Nect. of 6 L., seated on the
claws of the petals. Herbaceous, with compound L. BERBERIDEM. p. 11.

106. FRANKENIA. Cal. of 1 Sep., inferior, 5-cleft. Pet. 5. Caps. of 1 cell and many
seeds. Decumbent, copiously branched plants, with small, opposite, entire L. FRANKENIACE®.
p. 43.

237. PEPLIS. Cal. with 6 deep segments and 6 intermediate plaits, imferior. Pet. 6.
Caps. of two cells and many seeds. Small herbaceous plants, with simple L. and small axil-
lary Fl. LYTHRARIm. p. 127.

361. LORANTHUS. Cal. a nearly entire margin, superior. Cor. 6-parted. Berry inferior,
of 1 seed. A parasitic Shrub, with opposite L., much like Viscum. LorantHacna. p. 162.

B. Ff. without calyx, but included in a sheath when young (except in Agave), superior.
AMARYLLIDEZ. SpaTHaces# of Linn.
779. STERNBERGIA. Sheath simple, 1-flowered. Cor. 6-parted, funnel-shaped: seg-
ments equal. Sta. affixed to the erect tube. Mouth naked. Root bulbous. p. 360.

780. PANCRATIUM. Cor. funnel-shaped. Pet. 6. Nect. campanulate, with 6 long,
staminiferous teeth. Root bulbous. L. radical. Sheath green within. p. 360.

781. NARCISSUS. Pet. 6, attached to a campanulate nectary, within which are the stamens.
Root bulbous. L. radical, in two ranks. Stalk central. Fl. from a simple, terminal, sheathing

bract. yp. 360.

782. LEUCOJUM. Cor. campanulate, of 6 nearly equal petals. Sta. simple, equal. Root
bulbous. L. radical. Hl. drooping, with a solitary sheathing bract. p. 362.

783. GALANTHOUS. Pet. 6: the three inner shorter and emarginate. Root bulbous. L.
radical, in pairs. Fl. drooping, with a distant cloven bract. p. 362.

784. AGAVE. No Sheath. Cor. funnel-shaped. Tube short. Border 6-parted. Sta. fili-
form, exsert after flowering. LZ. fleshy, all radical. Scape very tall. Fl. very numerous.
Coronari# of Linn. p. 362.

+

GENERA. xli

C. Fl. without calyx, inferror.
i. Fr. a berry of 2 or 3 cells. ASPARAGER.
785. ASPARAGUS. Cor. 6-parted, permanent. Berry of 3 cells and 3 seeds. Stigmas 3.
L. very numerous, small, very narrow, tufted. I. lateral, stalked, drooping. p. 362.

786. STREPTOPUS. Cor. 6-parted, with 6 oblong pits at base. Stigmas 3, very short (re-
flexed, Potu.). Berry nearly globose, with 3 cells and many seeds. L. amplexicaul, alternate.
L.-stalks axillary, pendulous. Placed by Jussieu among the Liantacnm. /p. 362.

788. CONVALLARIA. Cor. tubular or campanulate ; border in 6 segments. Berry of 2-3
cells and as many seeds. Stigma 1, obtuse, triangular. Perennial Herbs, with sessile, ribbed, en-
tive L. p. 363.

ii. Fr. a capsule, opening into 8 follicles. COLCHICACER.

809. BULBOCODIUM. Cor. funnel-shaped. Pet. 6, on very long, staminiferous claws.
Bulb coated. L. and Fl. embraced by a radical sheath. p. 373.

iii. Fr. a capsule. Dissepiments attached to middle of valves.
a. Filaments bearded.

814. NARTHECIUM. Pet. 6, lineari-lanceolate, spreading. Seeds many, tunicate, with a

thread-like appendage at each end. oot creeping. L. sword-shaped, entire, JUNCEM. p. 373.

800. SIMETHIS. Pet. 6, spreading, deciduous. Style filiform, deciduous. Seeds 2 in
each cell. Root of long tubers. L. hinear. UiutacEm. p. 365.

b. Filaments not bearded. Petals 6.
* Seeds many in each cell. Litiacem®. Coronart# of Linn., except Erythronium.

796. ERYTHRONIUM. Pet. reflexed: inner each with two calli at base. Root tu-
berous. L. radical, stalked. Scape \-flowered. Sarmuntace®& of Linn. p. 365.

793. TULIPA. Pet. without nectaries or calli. No Style. Seed flat. Bulb coated.
Stem simple, leafy at bottom. p. 363.

794. FRITILGARIA. Pet. each with a nectariferous cavity at base. Bulb lobed or
scaly. Stem simple, leafy. El. terminal, pendulous. p. 364.

795. LILIUM. Pet. each with a tube-like channel at base. Bulb compound, scaly. Stem
simple, leafy. p. 364.

797. LLOYDIA. Pet. each with a transverse nectariferous plait near the base. Seed flat.
Root-L. grass-like ; upper shorter. p. 365.
** Seeds few (2 to 8, or perhaps sometimes 10 or 12) in each cell. Litiacem®, except
Aphylanthes. Coronarim of Linn., except Allium and Aphyllanthes.

798. ASPHODELUS. Pet. spreading. Nect. of 6 staminiferous valves, covering the
germen. foot tuberous. #1. in racemes, never blue. p. 365.

799. ANTHERICUM. Pet. spreading, 3-nerved. Fil. filiform. Stigma obtuse. Style
3-edged, persistent. Seeds angular. Root tuberous. L. narrow. p. 365.

801. PARADISIA. Fil. on the carpophore, subulate, bent down. Style filiform, bent
down, longer than stamens. Scape naked. Rae. simple, termznal. p. 365.

805. GAGHA. Pet. spreading, yed/ow. Sta. on petals, not dilated at base. Root bulbous.
Stem scape-like, with L. only at the Fl.-stalks. pp. 367.

806. ORNITHOGALUM. Pet. lanceolate, persistent, spreading. Fil. dilated at base,
hardly adhering to petals. Bald coated. L. radical. Pet. green onthe keel. p. 368.

807. ALLIUM. Pet. ovate, sessile. Fil. subulate, flattened. Stigma acute. Seeds angular.
Gg

xii GENERA.

Umbel at first included in one or more sheathing bracts. Herbage with a strong peculiar smell
when bruised. p. 369.

815. APHYLLANTHES. Cor. of 6 petals. Sheath dimidiate, glumaceous. Caps.
with 3 angles, 3 valves, and 3 cells. Scapes numerous, furnished with channeled scales at base
enstead of L. JUNCER. yp. 874.

802. SCILLA. Pet. ovato-oblong, spreading, deciduous, l-nerved. Fil. filiform. Bald
coated. Fl. in racemes, never yellow. p. 365.

ce. Fil. not bearded. Pet.\. LiLtacea.

803. HYACINTHUS. Cor. funnel-shaped or campanulate: segments l-nerved. Fil.
lanceolate. Bulb coated. Fl.in racemes. Seeds roundish. In H. patulus and H. nonscrip-
tus, the margins of each petal are continued independently quite to their base, giving the appear-
ance of a Sezd/a, but they are united within the margin. p. 366.

804. MUSCARI. Cor. cylindrical or urceolate, with 6 teeth. Fil. very short, dilated at
base. Bulb coated. L. channeled. Fl. in racemes, bracteolate. p.3617.

808. HEMEROCALLIS. Cor. campanulate, on a cylindrical tube. Sta. bent down.
Caps. 8-edged. Root of thick fibres. LL. scattered, linear. Fl. large, yellow or yellow-brown.
p. 372.

D. fl. on a common spadic! AROIDER.

821. ACORUS. Cor. of 6 petals. Style 0. Spadix many-flowered. Smooth, aromatic,
aquatic Herbs, without stem, and with radical, equitant, sword-shaped L. Scape leaf-lke,
bearing one lateral spadiz. p. 378.

E. Pet.0. Cal. inferior, persistent. JUNCER.
$16. JUNCUS. Sep. 6, glume-like. Caps. of 3 cells and 3 valves. Seeds numerous,
attached to inner edge of dissepiment. L. alternate, undivided, or wanting, hairless, not flat.
Ll. greenish, with 2 close bracts to each. p. 374.

817. LUZULA. Sep. 6. Caps. of 1 cell, 3 valves, and 3 erect seeds. Root creeping.
Stem leafy, simple. L. grassy, flat, more or less fringed with long, irregular hairs. p. 377.

Il. DIGYNIA.

699. OXYRIA. Cal. of 2L. Pet. 2. Seed 1, compressed, winged. Herbaceous, acid,
smooth. L. stalked, nearly all radical. PotyGonEm. Honorace® of Linn. p. 319.

849. ORYZA. Glumes 2, not precisely opposite. Outer Pale ribbed and grained. Rice.
GRAMINA. p. 3897. ;

III. TRIGYNTA.

698. RUMEX. Cal. of 3 L. Pet. 3. Seed 1, naked, triangular. Smooth, perennial Herbs.
Fl. numerous, green, forming whorled, terminal racemes. Hach F.-stalk with a joint near
the base. Pouyeconr#. Honorace# of Linn. p. 318.

747. SCHEUCHZERIA. Perigonium deeply 6-parted. Caps. 3, inflexed, 1-seeded,
joined at base. Smooth Herbs. LL. semicylindrical, sheathing, with a pore at top. AwisMa-
CER. p. 340.

748. TRIGLOCHIN. Perigonium of 6 L. Caps. 3 or 6, 1-seeded, attached to an an-
gular axis, at last separating at the base. Marsh plants. L. linear, all radical. Rac. erect,
of numerous, small, greenish Fl. ALISMACEM. p. 345.

810. MERENDERA. Cal. 0. Cor. campanulate, 6-parted: divisions with staminife-
rous claws. Caps. of 3, erect follicles, not inflated. F7. from the root. CoLcHIcacEa. p. 373.

811. COLCHICUM. Cal. 0. Cor. of 1 petal, tubular. Caps. 3, inflated. Seeds nu-
merous. oot a bulb. Stem 0. L. and Fl. enveloped in a common sheath. 1. from the
root. COLCHICACER. p. 373.

GENERA. xiii

$12. VERATRUM. Some of the Fl. barren. Cal. 0. Pet. 6. Caps. 3, many-seeded.
Sta. on receptacle. Anthers splitting transversely into 2 valves. L. broad, many-nerved. Fi.
in a branched panicle. CoLcuicacra., Coronaria@ of Linn. p. 373.

813. TOFTELDIA. Cal. 0. Pet. 6. Caps. 3, superior, connate at base. Seeds nu-
merous. Anthers bursting longitudinally. Herbaceous Perennials, with sword-shaped L.,
mostly radical. A three-lobed Bract near the Fl. CoLcHicaAcEm. Coronart# of Linn. p. 378.

818. CHAMZASROPS. Sheath of 1 valve, compressed. Spadix branched. Drupes 3,
each with 1 seed. Three outer Div. of Cor. bracteiform. Panmm. p. 378.

Polygonum B. ii.
IV. POLYGYNIA. AtismacEs.

744, ALISMA. Sep. 3. Pet. 3. Caps. 6 or more, 1-2-seeded. <Aguatic, smooth Per-
ennials, with entire L., and a panicle or umbel of many Fl. p. 345.

VII. HEPTANDRIA.

I. MONOGYNIA. Primvunaces.

661. TRIENTALIS. Sep. 7. Cor. 7-parted. Caps. of about 7 valves. Seeds with
atunic. Stem simple, leafy at top. p. 299.

VIII. OCTANDRIA.
I. MONOGYNITA.

A. Fl. with calyx and corolla, superior.

227. EPILOBIUM. Caps. cylindrical, 4-celled. Seeds bearded. Cal. 4-cleft. Pet. 4.
Herbs, with undivided L., generally toothed. Ft. terminal, without scent, purple. ONAGRA-
RIE, p. 125.

228. G2NOTHERA. Caps. cylindrical, 4-celled. Seeds naked. Cal. 4-cleft. Pet. 4.
Herbs, with undivided L., and large, showy, short-lived Fl. from axils of upper L. ONAGRA-
RIE. p. 126.

516. VACCINIUM. Berry 4-celled. Cal. 4-cleft. Cor. 4-cleft, ovate or campanulate.
Fil. on an epigynous disc. Stall Shrubs, with alternate undivided L. Fr. eatable. Vacct-

NIEZ. p. 241.

517. OXYCOCCUS. Berry 4-celled, many-seeded. Cal. with 4 teeth. Cor. 4-parted,

rotate. il. on an epigynous disc. Stems ‘filiform. VACCINIEZ. p. 241.
B. #1. with calyx and corolla, inferior.

525. DABEOCIA. Caps. with 4 cells, opening at the dissepiments. Cal. 4-cleft. Cor.
ovate, 4-toothed. Anthers sagittate, opening with oblique pores at the apex, longer than fila-
ments. Stigma obtuse. A heath-like Shrub. Wricacnm. p. 248.

523. HRICA. Partitions of Caps. simple, from the centre of the valves. Cal. of 4 sepals.
Cor. of 1 petal, 4-cleft. Low Shrubs, with small, opposite or whorled L. Fl. on simple brac-
teute stalks, never blue. WRicacex. p. 242.

522. CALLUNA. Partitions of Caps. adhering to axis. Valves opening at the dissepi-
ments. Cal. double, each part composed of 4 sepals! Cor. of 1 petal. 4 low Shrub, with op-
posite L. WRicacem. p. 242.

139. ACER. Caps. winged! Seeds 1 or 2. Cal. 5-cleft. Pet.5. Trees, or Shrubs, with
opposite branches and L. LL. more or less palmate, deciduous. No Stipules. Some of the

Fl. imperfect. ACERINEE. p. 67.
g 2

xhv GENERA.

550. CHLORA. Germen without disc or glands. Caps. of 1 cell. Sep. 6-8, correspond-
ing with segments of corolla. Smooth, glaucous, bitter Annuals, with opposite L. GENTIANES.
p- 246.

C. No Petals. THYMELER.

701. STELLERA. Cal. coloured, 4-cleft, inferior. Sta. in 2 series. Style terminal.

Nect. beaked, covered with the withered calyx. Seed 1. rect, annual. p. 321.

702. PASSERINA. Cal. coloured, funnel-shaped, 4-cleft, inferior. Sta. in one series.
Style lateral. Nut with 1 seed, covered with the withered calyx. Small Shrubs, with quite en-
tive L. p. 321.

703. DAPHNE. Cal. coloured, 4-cleft, inferior. Berry with 1 seed. <Acrid Shrubs, with
a silky inner bark. L. quite entire. p. 321. :

II. DIGYNIA. Rosacez.

214. SPALLANZANTA. Cal. double; outer 10-12-cleft ; inner 5-cleft, persistent. Pet.
5, inserted on calyx. Sta.5-10. Seeds 1-2, enclosed in the hardened tube of the inner calyx.
p- 120.

Chrysosplenium. Mahringia muscosa.
Til. TRIGYNIA. Potyconrz. HotLorace of linn.

700. POLYGONUM. Cal. coloured, 4—6-parted, inferior, persistent. Cor. 0. Sta. 5-9.
Seed 1, naked. Herbaceous, L. alternate, simple, revolute in the bud, sheathing, or attached
to a membranous, sheathing stipule. p. 319.

IV. TETRAGYNIA.

787. PARIS. Sep. 4. Pet.4. Berry 4-celled, superior. Seeds many, globose. Peren-
nial, Stem simple, bearing a whorl of entire L. at top, and a central Fl. ASPARAGER. p. 363.

357. ADOXA. Cal. half inferior, 2-3-leaved. Cor. superior, 4—5-cleft. Berry globose,
invested with the calyx. Seeds 4, bordered. Minute, delicate, perennial plants, with twice
ternate L. and a head of green Fl. ARautacEs%. p. 161.

128. ELATINE. Sep. 3-4. Pet. 3-4. Sta. as many, or twice as many, as petals. Caps.
superior, depressed, with 4 valves and 4 loculicidal partitions. Seeds many, oblong. Small,
aquatic Annuals, with opposite or whorled L. and axillary Fl. CARYOPHYLLACEE. p. 59.

IX. ENNEANDRIA.

I. MONOGYNIA. Lavrines.

704. LAURUS. Cal. 0. Cor. calyx-like, 4—7-cleft, persistent. Drupe with 1 seed. Sta.
6-12. Large Shrubs, or small Trees, with alternate undivided L. Germen surrounded with
biglandular threads. p. 322.

Il. HEXAGYNIA. Atismaces.

746. BUTOMUS. Cal. 0. Pet. 6. Caps. 6, many-seeded. 4 (tall, stately, aquatic
plant, with a large bracteate umbel of Fl. L. 3-edged, with a peculiar twist at top. yp. 345.

X. DECANDRIA.
I. MONOGYNIA.

A. Cor. papilionaceous. Fr. a legume. LEGUMINOS2.

162. ANAGYRIS. Cal. urceolate, with 5 teeth. Standard very small. Wings shorter than
the keel. A large, erect Shrub, with stalked, ternate L. and stipules opposite to them. yp. 75.

GENERA. xly

163. CERCIS. Cal. gibbous at base, with 5 teeth. Wings exceeding standard and keel.
A Shrub, or small Tree, with simple, reniform L. Racemes of Fl. on trunk and branches. p. 75.

B. Cor. not papilionaceous, polypetalous. Kr. a capsule.

146. TRIBULUS. Cal. 5-parted. Pet. 5. Style 0. Caps. (Nuts) 5, gibbous, spinous,
many-seeded. L. abruptly pinnate. Stalks solitary, axillary, \-flowered. Ruvacem. p. 71.

147. FAGONIA. Sep. 5, deciduous. Pet. 5. Caps. of 5 cells and 5 seeds. Annual.
L. opposite. Stip. in pairs. Stalks solitary, axillary, \-flowered. Ruvacex. p. 72.

148. ZYGOPHYLLUM. Sep. 5. Pet. 5. Tach filament with a scale near the base.
Caps. pentagonal, of 5 cells and many seeds. Perennial. L. simple or in pairs. Stalks \-flow-
ered, solitary, axillary. RuTacex. p. 72.

149. RUTA. Cal. 5-parted. Pet. 4-5, concave, equal, Recept. surrounded with 10
honey-bearing dots. Caps. 4-5-lobed, with as many cells. Seeds numerous. Somewhat shrubby,
abounding in glands, having a strong smell. Fl. yellow, in @ terminal panicle or corymb.
Rutacez. p. 72.

151. DICTAMNUS. Sep. 5. Pet. 5, unequal, spreading. Fil. covered with glan-
dular dots. Style filiform. Caps. 5, united on a short thecaphore; 1 or 2 seeds ripening
in each. Perennial, erect, with a terminal raceme. Upper L. pinnate, with an odd Lt.
RuTAcEz. p. 72.

528. LEDUM. Cal. 5-toothed., Pet. 5. Anthers opening with 2 pores at the top. Caps.
of 5 cells. Dissepiments from margins of valves, opening from the base. Small Shrubs,
near Rhododendron iz appearance. ERICACER. p. 243.

529. PYROLA. Cal. 5-parted, inferior. Pet.5. Anthers of 2 cells, each opening by a
pore at the base. Cap. 5-celled, opening at the angles. Perennial. L. simple, stalked, ever-
green, Fl. in an upright raceme. PYRoLACEa, p, 248.

530. MONOTROPA. Pet. 8 or 10, inferior; those of outer series protuberant at base.
Anthers of 1 cell and 2 valves. Caps. 4—5-celled, many-seeded. 4 drown, leafless plant. Pyrro-
LACER. p. 243,

C. Fl. regular, monopetalous, inferior.
518. ARBUTUS. Cal. very small, 5-cleft. Cor. ovate, 5-cleft, transparent at base. Berry

of 5 4-seeded cells, An evergreen Shrub, or low Tree, with simple, serrate L., and an eatable
Fr. Hricacea. p. 214.

519. ARCTOSTAPHYLOS. Cal. 5-cleft. Cor. ovate, 5-cleft. Drupe with 5 one-
seeded nuts. Tratling Shrubs. Wricacem. p. 242.

520. ANDROMEDA. Cal. very small, 5-parted. Cor. ovate or campanulate; the seg-
ments recurved. Caps. of 5 cells and many seeds. Dissepiment in middle of valves. Smad
Shrubs, with simple alternate L. HRicacEm, p. 242.

521. CASSANDRA. Cal. with bracts at the base. Cor. contracted at the mouth, some-
times divided into separate petals. Caps. including 5, bivalve, many-seeded carpels. ERIcAcEm.
p- 242.

524. PHYLLODOCEH. Cal. 5-parted. Cor. ovate, 5-toothed. Anthers truncate at base,
opening by pores at the top, shorter than filaments. Stigma peltate, with 5 tubercles.
Caps. opening at dissepiment. D2ffers little from Dabeocia, except in the number of its parts.
ERICACEs. p, 242.

527. RHODODENDRON. Cal. 5-parted. Cor. somewhat funnel-shaped (or rotate,
Bert.), rather oblique. Sta. declined. Anthers with 2 pores at the top. Partitions of Caps.

from margin of valves. Shrubs, with simple, alternate L. and handsome Fl. ErRicaces.
p. 243.

532. STYRAX. Cal. short, inferior, campanulate. Cor. funnel-shaped, 5-parted, inserted

xlvi GENERA.

on calyx. Drupe with 1 or 2 nuts. Fil. united at base and inserted on corolla. 4 tall Shrub,
with simple L. and handsome white Fl. EBENACER. p. 244,

II. DIGYNIA.
A. Corolla 0.

254. SCLERANTHUS. Cal. tubular, of 1 L., persistent. Seeds 2, smooth. Rigid
Herbs, with opposite, linear, combined L. PaRronycuiem. p. 181.

270. CHRYSOSPLENIUM. Cal. coloured. Caps. with 2 beaks, 1 cell, and many seeds.
Humble plants, with stalked, undwided, kidney-shaped L., and a corymb of small, yellow,
terminal Fl. SAXIFRAGEM. p. 141.

B. Fl. with calyz, and a corolla of 5 petals.
268. SAXIFRAGA. Cal. 5-parted. Caps. with 2 beaks, 1 cell, and many seeds; opening
between the beaks. Herds, very various in form, never very large. Cal. more or less attached
to the fruit, but never completely superior. SAXIFRAGER. p. 136.

269. ZAHLBRUCKNERA. Pet. of the same substance as the Div. of the calyx. In
other respects like Sazifraga. p. 141.

107. GYPSOPHILA. Cal. campanulate, of one L., angular. Pet. cuneato-ovate, without
claws. Caps. globose, l-celled. CaRrYOPHYLLACER. p. 44.

108. DIANTHUS. Cal. cylindrical, without angles, furnished with scales at the base.
Pet. 5, clawed. Caps. cylindrical, 1-celled, many-seeded. CARYOPHYLLACER. p. 44.

109. SAPONARIA. Cal. tubular, naked. Pet. 5, clawed. Fil. subulate. Caps. oblong,
1-celled, many-seeded. Herbaceous. L. opposite. CARYOPHYLLACER. p. 46.

118. VELEZIA. Cal. tubular, filiform, naked. Pet. with long claws. Fil. capillary.
Caps. cylindrical, 1-celled. Seeds imbricate. Sta. sometimes only 5. A rigid, forked, erect
Annual. CARYOPHYLLACER. p. 53.

117. GOUFFEIA. Cal. 5-parted. Pet. entire. Caps. with 1 cell, 2 valves, and 1-2 seeds.
Annuals, with short, linear, opposite L., and the habit of Arenaria. CARYOPHYLLACEA.
p. 53.

123. MOSHRINGIA. Cal. of 4-5 sepals. Pet. 4 or 5. Caps. 1-celled, with 3, 4, or 6
valves. Seeds with an arillus. CARYOPHYLLACED. p. 56. !

Til. TRIGYNIA. CaryorHyLuace2.

110. CUCUBALUS. Cal. campanulate, with 5 teeth. Pet. 5, clawed, cloven. Caps.
berry-like, 1-celled, indehiscent. p. 47.

111. SILENE. Cal. of 1 L., naked, conical or cylindrical, 5-toothed. Pet. 5, clawed,
cloven. Caps. imperfectly 3-celled, opening with 6 teeth. JL. opposite, undivided, on short
combined stalks. p. 47.

118. CHERLERIA. Sep.5. Pet. 5, very small, emarginate. Five of the Sta. on back
of nectaries. Caps. with 3 valves and 1 cell, few-seeded. A dwarf, tufted, mountain plant.
p. 53.

119. ALSINE. Sep.5. Pet. 5, entire. All the Fil. on receptacle; the outer with 2

glands at the base. Caps. of 1 cell and 3 valves. Weak, diffuse, herbaceous plants, with op-
posite L. p. 53.

120. ARENARIA. Sep. 5, spreading. Pet. 5, entire. Caps. of 1 cell and 6 valves,
many-seeded. Habit of Alsine, which is also that of Stellaria and Cerastium, p. 55.

121. STELLARIA. Sep, 5, spreading. Pet. 5, deeply cloven. Caps. of 1 cell and 6
valves. Herbs, with weak, straggling stems. pp. 56.

Tamarix germanca. Garidella.

GENERA. xlvii

IV. PENTAGYNITA.
125. SPERGULA. Sep. 5. Pet. 5, undivided. Caps. ovoid, of 1 cell and 5 valves.
Weak plants, with narrow L. CARYOPHYLLACER. p. 57.

126. MG2NCHIA. Sep. 4-5. Pet. 4-5, entire. Sta. 4-10. Styles 4-5. Caps. 1-celled.
Valves 8-10. CARYOPHYLLACER. p. 58.

127. CERASTIUM. Sep. 5. Pet. cloven. Caps. of 1 cell, opening at the top into 10
teeth. Weak, straggling Herbs, with opposite L. and white Hl. CaRyOPHYLLACE®. p. 58.

112. LYCHNIS. Cal. tubular, with 5 teeth. Pet. 5, clawed. Caps. of 1 or 5 cells.
Seeds many. Hrect, branched. CARYOPHYLLACE®. p. 52.

260. SEDUM. Cal. 5-cleft. Pet. 5. Caps. 5, each witha scale at base. L. fleshy,
mostly alternate. CRASSULACER. p. 182.

258. UMBILICUS. Cal. 5-cleft. Cor. of 1 petal. Caps. 5, each with a scale at base.
Fleshy plants. L. nearly circular, alternate. CRASSULACER. p. 181.

145. OXALIS. Sep. 5. Pet. connected by the claws. Caps. with 5 angles and 5 cells.
Seeds few, coated. ZL. ternate, acid. OXALIDE&. p. 71. :

V. DECAGYNIA. Puytonaccrs2. Hotorace# of Linn.

683. PHYTOLACCA. Cal. 5-parted. Cor. 0. Berry round, with 10 furrows, 10 cells,
and 10 seeds. A tall, showy Perennial, with alternate, undivided L., to which the branches
are opposite. Fl. in pendent racemes. p.312,

XI. DODECANDRIA.

I. MONOGYNIA.

712. ASARUM. Cal. campanulate, 3-cieft, superior. Cor. 0. Sta. inserted on base of
style. Anthers on the inner side of the filament. Caps. of 6 cells. Dwarf, creeping, perennial
plants, with simple, broad L. and solitary, stalked Fl, ARISTOLOCHI®. SARMENTACER
of Linn. p. 324.

150. PEGANUM. Sep. 5, inferior. Pet. 5. Caps. of 3 valves and 3 cells, many-seeded.
Perennial, erect, branched, with the habit of Nigella, Ruracem. p. 72.

246. PORTULACA. Cal. usually 2-cleft, superior. Pet. 5. Stigmas 5. Caps. of 1
cell, circumsciss. PORTULACACER. p. 129.

239. LYTHRUM. Cal. 12-cleft,inferior. Pet. 6, growing on the calyx. Caps. of 2 cells
and many seeds. Perennial plants, with square stems and simple L. LYTHRARER. p. 127.

II. DIGYNIA. Rosacea.

213. AGRIMONTIA. Cal. with 5 teeth, with a calycle. of 2 bracts,.and with hooked
prickles. Pet. 5, on the calyx. Seeds 1-8, in the bottom of the hardened calyx. Perennial
plants, with divided L. Stip. united to L.-stalk. p. 120.

III. TRIGYNIA. ReEsEepAces.

100. RESEDA. Cal. 4-6-parted. Pet. 4-6, unequal; upper laciniate. Caps. of 1 cell,
gaping at the top. Seeds numerous, Number of Sta. uncertain. L. alternate, pinnate, or
undivided. p. 41.

101. ASTROCARPUS. Cal. 4-6-parted. Pet. 4-6, unequal; upper laciniate. Follicles
4—6: one or two Seeds in each. Habit of Reseda. p. 42.

IV. PENTAGYNIA. Ficome®. CaryoPHYLLEI of Linn.

264. GLINUS. Sep.5. Pet. 0. Cloven bristles mixed with the stamens. Caps. supe-
rior, of 5 cells and many seeds, joined by a thread to the central column. _ p. 135.

xiviii GENERA.

V. DODECAGYNIA. CrassuLace™.

261. SEMPERVIVUM. Cal. 12-parted. Pet. 8-12. Caps. 12. Seeds many. Very
succulent, perennial. LL. simple, forming rosettes. p. 1384.

XII. ICOSANDRIA.
I. MONOGYNIA.

A. FH. superior.

266. OPUNTIA. Cal. tiled, growing on the germen. Pet. many. Berry umbilicate, of
one cell and many seeds. Zhe European species are formed of thick leaves growing one from
the other instead of on a stem, and the Fr. from the margin of the L. Cactrm. p. 135.

241. PHILADELPHUS. Cal. 4-5-parted. Pet.4-5. Caps. of 4-5 cells. Seeds nu-
merous, enveloped ina membrane. A handsome deciduous Shrub. PHILADELPHEm. Hus-
PERIDE® of Linn. p. 128.

249. MYRTUS. Cal. 4—5-cleft. Pet. 4-5. Berry of 1-8 cells and as many seeds. 4
deautiful evergreen Shrub. Myrtaceae. p. 129.

226. PUNICA. “Cal. campanulate, coloured, fleshy, 5-cleft. Pet. 5. Pome divided hori-
zontally into 2 chambers, of which the upper is subdivided into 5-7 cells, and the lower into 3.
Seeds enveloped in a pellucid pulp. GRaNaTEm®. p. 125.

B. 7. inferior. Cal. 5-cleft. Pet.5. Drupe fleshy. Rosacuz.

203. AMYGDALUS. Nut with scattered pores. Trees, or Shrubs, with alternate L.

p. 111.

204. PRUNUS. Nut smooth, furrowed on the margin, and with a prominent suture.
Trees, or Shrubs, with simple alternate L. Plum. p. 111.

Il. PENTAGYNIA. 2-5 Srytes.

A. Cal. 5-cleft. Pet. 5. Fr. a pome, mferior, edible. Rosackm. Pomacem® of Linn.
219. CRATAIGUS. Pome containing 1-5 bony cells: top contracted and hollowed.
Thorny Shrubs. p. 123.

220. COTONEASTER. Pome containing 3-5 bony cells, which adhere to the fleshy
calyx, and separate at the top. 4 humble Shrub, with entire L. p. 124.

221. ARONIA. Pome containing 5, very thin, membranous cells, each imperfectly subdi-
vided. Pome 3-5-seeded. L. entire. A small ornamental Tree. p. 124.

222. MESPILUS. Pome containing 4-5 bony cells: top dilated to nearly the width of
the Fr. Segm. of Cal. leaf-like, persistent. Medlar. p. 124.

223. PYRUS.. Pome containing 2-5 cartilaginous cells, each with lor 2 seeds. As in
Mespilus, the wild plant sometimes becomes thorny. L. mostly undivided. p. 124.

224. CYDONIA. Pome containing about 5 cartilaginous cells. Seeds numerous. Quince.
p. 124.

225. SORBUS. Pome containing 5, thin, membranous cells, not at all divided. Seeds of
Pome 1-5. Bert. attributes to the species of this genus coriaceous cells. Bab. joins them to
Pyrus, describing the cells as cartilaginous. I have followed Koch. p. 124.

B. No Pome. Caps. many, superior, each with many seeds. ROSACED.

205. SPIRAGA. Cal. 5-cleft. Pet. 5. Caps. of 2 membranous valves, superior. p. 112.

C. Fr. superior, single. Corolla 0. Fico1pEz.
263. AIZOON. Cal. 5-parted, persistent, coloured within. Fr. pentagonal, with 5 cells
and many seeds. p. 185.

GENERA. xlix

D. Caps. inferior, fleshy, many-seeded. VicorvE™.
262. MESEMBRYANTHEMUM. (Cal. 5-cleft. Pet. numerous, cohering at the base.
p. 135.
III. POLYGYNIA. Rosacum.

206. DRYAS. Cal. 8-10-cleft. Segm. nearly equal, and in a single series. Pet. 5-5.
Seeds each with a long, feathery tail. LZ. undivided. Fl. white. p. 112.

207. GEUM. Cal. 10-cleft : Div. in 2 series; the outer much smaller. Pet.5. Style
lengthening and forming a tail to the seed. Perennial Herbs, with somewhat tyrate L.

p. 112

208. RUBUS. Cal. 5-cleft. Pet.5. Berry compound, each part with one seed. Weak,
shrubby plants, mostly with digitate L.; a few with pinnate or with simple L. p. 113.

209. FRAGARIA. Cal. 10-cleft. Pet.5. Seeds naked, on the surfaces of a pulpy, de-
ciduous receptacle. Herbs, with ternate L., trailing runners, short, erect flowering-stems, and
edible Fr. p. 116.

210. COMARUM. Cal. 10-cleft. Pet.5. Seeds naked, on a persistent, spongy, and at
last somewhat fleshy receptacle. A bog plant, with digitate L. and purple Fl. p. 117.

211. POTENTILDLA. Cal. $—10-cleft. Pet. 4-5. Seeds naked. Receptacle dry, per-
manent. L. digitate in most species. A few are Shrubs. 1. yellow or white. yp. 117.

218. ROSA. Cal. 5-cleft, with a thick tube, which is finally pulpy, and encloses the hispid
seeds, Pet.5. Weak, bending Shrubs, with pinnate L. p. 121.

XIII. POLYANDRIA.
I. MONOGYNIA.
A. Petals 4, not spurred, inferror.
19. ACTAGA. Sep. 4, caducous. Berry of 1 cell. Seeds flat, depressed, in two vertical rows.
fetid, porsonous Herbs, with divided L., and a raceme of white Fl. RANUNCULACERX. p. 10.

96. CAPPARIS. Sep. 4, coriaceous. Sta. long. Pod _ stalked, berry-like, 1-celled.
Weak Shrubs, with undinded L. CAPPARIDER. p. 33.

27. PAPAVER. Sep. 2. Pet. crumpled. Caps. of 1 cell, opening by pores under the
sessile stigma. Herbs, with a milky narcotic sap. L. divided. Fl. fugacious. PAPAvE-
RACEH. p. 12.

28. MECONOPSIS. Sep. 2. Caps. obovate, opening by pores beneath the apex. Stigmas
on a short style, radiating, free. Plant similar to Papaver. PAPAVERACER. p. 12.

29. GLAUCIUM. Sep. 2. Pod of 2 or 3 cells. Seeds dotted. Annual or biennial,
with fetid yellow sap, divided L., and large Hl. PAPAVERACERX. p. 12.

30. CHELIDONIUM. Sep. 2. Pod of 1 celland 2 valves. Seeds many, crested.
Perennial, with yellow sap. L. dinded. Fl. yellow. PAPAVERACER. p. 12.
B. Petals 5.

137. TILIA. Cal. 5-parted, caducous. Caps. (of 5 cells, each with 2 seeds, D.C. ; 5 cells
and 5 seeds, Lois.) often reduced to 1 cell and 1 seed by abortion. Handsome, spreading Trees,
with simple cordate L. TiL1acem. p. 65.

97. CISTUS. Sep. 5; the 2 outer smaller. Caps. 5-10-celled. Low Shrubs, with op-
posite L., and with abundance of: large fugacious Fl. CISTINER. p. 34.
98. HELIANTHEMUM. Sep. 3, with often 2 smaller external ones. Pet. crumpled in
h

] GENERA.

the bud. Caps. of 1 cell and 3 valves. Weak plants, but mostly somewhat woody. A few of
them are annual. CISTINEM. p. 385.

Delphinium A.

C. Petals numerous. NYMPHMACEA.

25. NYMPHA®A. Ree. produced so as in a great measure to cover the germen. Sep. 4,
coloured on inner surface. Pet. large, in several rows. Berry of many cells, each with many seeds.
Large aquatic Herbs, with floating, heart-shaped L. yp. 11.

26. NUPHAR. Ree. confined to base of germen. Sep. 5 or 6, coloured. Pet. much
smaller than calyx, furrowed on the back. Cal. and Cor. yellow. L. heart-shaped, floating. p. 11.

Il. OLIGOGYNIA. Srytzs 2-6.

A. Seed-vessel single.

265. REAUMURIA. Sep. 5, awned. Pet. 5, reflexed, furnished with crenate scales at
the base. Caps. superior, with 5 valves and 5 cells. A tufted Shrub, with small L., and an
appearance something like that of Salicornia fruticosa. FicorpEx. p. 135. ;

740. STRATIOTES. Sheath 2-parted, containing 1 flower. Cal. trifid. Pet. 3. Berry
inferior, of 6 or more cells. Ax aquatic plant, with long, radical, simple, rigid, prickly L. Fl.
from root. HYDROCHARIDE®. p. 845.

B. Seed-vessels as many as styles, but sometimes united for nearly their whole length,
bursting internally, many-seeded. RANUNCULACER.
i. Anthers opening towards the pistils. Fl. with calyx and corolla.
20. CIMICIFUGA. Sep. 4, caducous. Cor. of 4 petals, nectariferous at base. Carpels
4; dry. A fetid Herb. L. ternate or twice ternate. p. 10.

21. PAGONTA. Sep. 5, persistent. Pet. 5. Follicles 2-6, recurved. Splendid Peren-
nals, with fleshy roots and compound L. yp. 10.

ii. Anthers opening from the pistils. Outer Perigone forming a corolla, within which are
one or more petals or nectaries.

a. Flowers regular.

14. GARIDELLA. Div. of Perigone 5. Nectaries 5, 2-lipped. Germens 3, united.
Styles very short. L. finely divided. p. 8.

15. NIGELLA. Div. of Perigone 5. Nectaries 5-10, 2-lipped. A nectariferous hollow
at the base, covered by ascale. Carpels 5, connected. Styles long. Annuals, with finely di-
vided L. p. 8.

16. AQUILEGIA. Div. of Perigone 5, all alike. Nectaries 5, funnel-shaped, spurred at
base. Carpels 5, erect. L. ternate. Fl. few, drooping, in a terminal panicle. p. 8.

b. Mowers irregular.

17. DELPHINIUM. Div. of Perigone 5; one with a spur. Two of the Nectaries
spurred, sessile, included in the spur of the perigone. Style short. Follicles 1-5. L. finely
divided. Fl. in racemes, with bracts to Fl.-stalks. p. 8. :

18. ACONITUM. Div. of Perigone 5; uppermost hooded. Nectaries 2, stalked, recurved
under the hood of upper petal. Carpels 8-5. Erect, perennial, with divided L., and a terminal
Rac. or Pan. of numerous Fl. p. 9.

Til. POLYGYNIA. RANUNCULACEE.

A. Capsules or Follicles several, each with many seeds. Perigone single.

13. ISOPYRUM. L. of Perigone 5, caducous. Nectaries 5, contracted into a hood below
or 2-lipped; outer lip 2-lobed, shorter. 4 small plant, with ternate L. jp. 8.

GENERA. ii

12. HELLEBORUS. L. of Perigone 5, persistent. Nectaries 5-12; tubular. Coarse
plants, with simply ternate, palmate, or pedate L. p. 8.

ll. ERANTHIS. L. of Perigone 5-8, caducous. Nectaries 5-8, tubular, very short.
Carpels stalked. A divided Involucrum below the yed/ow Fl. p. 8.

10. TROLLIUS. L. of Perigone 5-15, deciduous. Nectaries 9-12, linear, slightly tubular
at base. Habit of Ranunculus. p. 8.

9. CALTHA. L. of Perigone 5 or more. Nectary 0. Marsh plants, with broad undiwided
L. and showy yellow Fl. p. 8.

B. Carpels 1\-seeded, not splitting.
i. Cal. imbricate in the bud. Perigone simple, corolla-hke.

4, ANEMONE. invol. 8-leaved. Div. of Perigone 5-20. Carpels numerous, on an en-
larged conical or hemispherical receptacle. Root tuberous. Stem 0. L. compound or divided.
Fl. large and handsome. yp. 2

3. THALICTRUM. Invol. 0. Div. of Perigone 4-5, Carpels not numerous, on a small
disc. Stem branched. L. compound. Fl. insignificant. p. 1.

ti. LV. with calyx and corolla.

8. RANUNCULUS. Sep. 5. Pet. 5 or more, with a nectariferous pore or scale at the
base of each. Carpels without tails. Perennial Herbs. p. 4.

7. CERATOCEPHALUS. Sep. 5. Claw of Pet. with a nectariferous hollow. Sta. 5 or
more. Carpels with 2 empty cells! Small Annuals. L. much divided. p. 4.

6. MYOSURUS. Sep. 5, spurred at base. Pet. 5, with a long, tubular claw. Sta. 5-15.
Recept. of Seeds cylindrical. 4 small Annual. Scape \-flowered. L. linear. p. 4.

5. ADONIS. Sep. 5. Pet. 5-10, without a nectary. Carpels angular, rugged, without
tails. Annuals. L. finely divided. p. 3.

2%. ATRAGENE. Sep. 4, coloured. Pet. numerous, smaller than sepals. p. 1.

1. CLEMATIS. Pet. 0. Tail of Carpels feathered. This and the pr Gee are mostly
trailing Shrubs, with opposite L. yp. 1.

XIV. DIDYNAMIA.

I. GYMNOSPERMIA. Lasiare. Verricitiatx of Linn.
The following Tribes are from Bentham’s Labiate :—

1. OcymMorvEx. Sta. bent down, enclosed ‘in tube of bilabiate corolla. Gen. 620.
2. MENTHOIDE®. Sta. porrect or divergent. Cor. in 4 nearly equal divisions. Gen. 621-624.

LIycopus, belonging to this tribe, is diandrous. In the ‘ Prodromus’ Bentham has joined this

tribe and the fifth to the Satureinee.

3. MonarpE#. Sta. ascending. Anthers cohering in pairs. Gen. 625-628.

This character belongs to Horminum, the only European genus here introduced, since placed

by Bentham among the anomalous genera of the Stachydee. Salvia, Rosmarinus, and Zizy yphora,
belonging to this tribe, are diandrous.

4, SATUREINEX. Cor. ringent. Sta. porrect or divergent, equal, or the upper shorter. An-
thers free. Gen. 629-633.

5. MeLissinem. Sta. ascending. Anthers free; upper shorter. Cal. 18-nerved. Cor. without
aring. Gen. 634-637.

6, SCUTELLARINE®. Sta. parallel, ascending. Anthers free. Lips of Cal. pressed together
and closed on the F'r.!_ Upper Lip truncate. Gen. 635-640.

h2

hi GENERA.

. NrpETEm®. Sta. ascending. Anthers free; upper exceeding lower. Cal. 15-nerved. Gen.
641-643.

8. SracnypEa. Sta. ascending. Authers free; lower exceeding upper. Cal. 5- or 10-nerved.
Gen. 644-655.
9. Prastem. Tr. fleshy! Gen. 656.

10. Asucex. Upper Lip. of Cor. apparently wanting! Seeds wrinkled. Gen. 657, 658.

Tribe I. OCYMOIDEZ.

620. LAVANDULA. Cal. nearly equal; upper Tooth expanded in the Huropean species.
Shrubs, with Fl. in terminal spikes. p. 282.

Tribe Il. MENTHOIDEA.

621. ELSHOLTZIA. Cal. with 5 teeth, naked with. Border of Cor. short, slightly
two-lpped. Speke and Floral L. broadly ovate, secund. p. 283.

622, PRESLIA. Cal. of 4, nearly equal, awned teeth, somewhat villous within. Sta. equal,
distant. Herbaceous, prostrate, perennial. p. 288.

623. MENTHA. Cal. regular, 5-cleft. Tube of Cor. included. Sta. equal, distant.
Herbs loving moisture. p. 283.
624. is Lycopus.

Tribe II, MONARDE.
625. Salvia. 626. Rosmarinus. 627. Zzyphora.

628. HORMINUM. Cal. 2-lipped. Cor. with a hairy ring at the mouth: tube exceeding
calyx ; upper lip truncate, emarginate ; lower with 3 short, rounded lobes. p. 286.

Tribe IV. SATUREINEL.

629. ORIGANUM. Cal. of 5, nearly equal teeth: throat villous. Fl. in a strobilus;
the broad, coloured Bracts covering the calyces. p. 287.

630. MAJORANA. Cal. campanulate, very short: border cloven; upper part rounded
and very entire; the margin folded underneath at the base. Throat naked. Tl. in a strobilus,
with rounded, villous bracts, not coloured. p. 287.

631. SATUREJA. Cal. of 5 nearly equal teeth, 10-nerved. Whorls axillary, or con-
nected into an oblong head, but not accompanied by broad bracts. Upper Lip of Cor. ovate.
Aromatic, with small, entire L. yp. 287.

632. HYSSOPUS. Cal. of 5 teeth, 15-nerved: mouth somewhat oblique. Lower Lip of
Cor. tripartite; the middle lobe largest. Woody. p. 287.

633. THYMUS. Cal. two-lipped, 1-3-nerved: throat villous. Upper Lip of Cor. straight,
nearly flat, emarginate. Small aromatic Shrubs. L. small, quite entire, generally pitted be-
weath. p. 287.

Tribe V. JLELISSINE AL.

634. MICROMERIA. Cal. with 5 nearly equal teeth. ‘Tube of Cor. shorter than calyx.

Small, shrubby. p. 288.

635. CALAMINTHA. Cal. 2-lipped: throat villous. Tube of Cor. exceeding calyx.
Vil. expanding at top into aconnective. Fl. without involucrum. Perennial, herbaceous, except
im C. microphylla. p. 289.

636. CLINOPODIUM. Cal. 2-lipped: throat hardly villous. Fil. expanded at top
into a connective. Fl. in globose, involucrate whorls. Herbaceous. p. 289.

637. MELISSA. Cal. 2-lipped. Tube of Cor. exsert. Cells of Anthers not separated
by a connective. Herbaceous. p. 289.

GENERA. liii

Tribe VI. SCUTELLARINE A.
638. SCUTELLARIA. Fil. simple. Lips of Cal. entire; upper with a scale on the
back. Cor. with a long tube, naked within. Herbaceous. IF. axillary, solitary. p. 290.

639. PRUNELLA. Fil. cloven; one branch barren. Upper Lip of Cal. flat, truncate, with
3 short teeth ; lower cloven. ‘Tube of Cor. broad, with an internal ring of short hairs or scales,
Style cloven. Herbaceous. Floral L. imbricate. p. 290.

640. CLEONIA,. Fil. cloven. Upper Lip of Cal. flat, truncate, with 3 short teeth ; lower
cloven. Tube of Cor. slender, naked within. Style quadrifid. Hadzt of Prunella. p. 290.

Tribe VII. NEPETEA,

641. NEPETA. Cal. with 5, nearly equal teeth; the upper slightly larger. Bracts en-
tire. Cells of Anthers opening in a continued line. Herbaceous. p. 290.

642. GLECHOMA. Cal. with 5 nearly equal teeth. Opening of Cells bent in a right
angle; each pair of Anthers forming a cross. Floral L. like the others. Herbaceous. p. 291.

643. DRACOCHPHALUM. Cal. 2-lipped or with the upper teeth very large. Fl.
large; the throat very open. Bracts broad, with subulate teeth. p. 291.

Tribe VIII, SLACHY DEL.
A. Stamens exsert.
i. Cal. 2-4-lobed, inflated after flowering, irregularly veined.

644. MELITTIS. Tube of Cor. wide, exceeding calyx. Upper Lip nearly flat. An-
thers converging, forming two crosses. A handsome herbaceous plant. p. 291.

ti. Cal. regular, with 5 teeth, not abruptly expanded at top.

645, GALEOPSIS. Cells of Anthers separating into distinct valves: the inner valves
smaller, bearded, and placed back to back! Lower Lip of Cor. with 2 conical prominences, hol-
low beneath. Annuals. All L. nearly similar. p. 291.

646. LAMIUM. Cells of Anthers bursting on one side. Lateral Div. of Lower Lip of
Cor. reduced to 1 or 2 teeth, or wanting. Upper Lip vaulted. Throat dilated. Ring direct.
Herbaceous. Bracts few. Lower L. on long stalks. A peculiar smell runs through the whole
genus. p. 292.

647. GALHOBDOLON. Cells of Authers bursting on one side. Div. of Lower Lip of Cor.
3, nearly equal, acute; upper lip vaulted. Ring oblique. Upper Teeth of Cal. erect, somewhat
separate. p. 292.

648. LEONURUS., Cells of Anthers bursting laterally. Div. of Lower Lip of Cor. obtuse ;
upper lip shaggy, nearly flat. Seeds truncate. Hrect Herbs. Floral L. narrower. p. 292.

649. STACHYS. Cells of Anthers diverging, bursting laterally. Div. of Lower Lip of
Cor. obtuse; upper lip concave. Throat with a hairy ring. Anthers twisting outwards after
flowering. p. 293.

650. BETONICA. Like Stachys, but the cells of the Anthers are parallel, azd, except in
B. alopecurus, there is no hairy ring in the throat of the corolla. p. 294.

651. PHLOMIS. Upper Fil. adnate to corolla, prolonged into an appendage at the base!
Upper Lip Aazry, compressed. Cal. angular, nearly inaneatesyt or with 5 short spreading fectlt
Plants shrubby. L. wrinkled. p. 294.

iii. Cal. regular, with 10 furrows at the base, somewhat abruptly expanded at the top,
and veined.
652, BALLOTA. Upper Lip of Cor. vaulted, shaggy. Tube with a hairy ring. Perennial
Herbs, with cordate L., and a disagreeable smell. p. 295.
iv. Cal. irregular, very broad and open: teeth spriescent.
658. MOLUCCELLA. Cal. obliquely campanulate, veiny, with 5 or 10 points. Cor.
with an oblique internal ring. Tube shorter thax calyx. Smooth Annuals. p. 295.

liv GHNERA.

B. Sta. included in the tube of the corolla.
654. MARRUBIUM. Div. of Style filiform, nearly equal. Cal. with 10 furrows and 5
or 10 teeth. Upper Lip of Cor. straight, linear, cloven. Tube included in calyx. p. 295.
655. SIDERITIS. Lower Div. of Style dilated at base, and embracing the upper.
p. 296.

In 8. romana the upper Tooth of the Cal.is much larger than the others ; mS. montana the
upper Teeth are partially united.

Tribe IX. PRASIEA.

656. PRASIUM. Cal. 10-nerved, irregularly 2-lipped: segments ovate, leaf-like. Tube
of Cor. included, with a scaly internal ring, shrubby. p. 296.

Tribe X. AJUGEA.

657. TEUCRIUM. Upper Lip of Cor. divided to the base: tube short, without a ring. 4
genus very various in general appearance. jp. 296.

658. AJUGA. Upper Lip of Cor. minute, abrupt, emarginate. p. 297.

II. ANGIOSPERMIA.
All this order belongs to the PERSONATs& of Linnaeus, except Celsia, Digitalis, Limosella, and
Linnea. The last-mentioned genus differs from all the rest in having an wferior germen.
A. Seeds two or four; connected, at least at first, by a common covering.
B. Seeds many, on a central placenta.
i. Cells of Seed-vessel 2.
a. Fl. nearly regular.
b. Fl. ringent. Cal. 5-cleft.
e. Fl. ringent, reversed, with an accessory scale. Cal. 4-cleft.
d. Fl. ringent, direct ; no Accessory Scale. Cal. 4-cleft.
ii. Cell of Seed-vessel single.
C. Seeds many, on the valves. Cell single.
D. Germen inferior !

A. Seeds 2-4; connected, at least at first, im a common covering.

617. VITEX. Cal. with 5 teeth. Cor. 2-lipped: tube slender. Fr. a drupe, containing
a 4-celled nut. VERBENACER. p. 282.

618. VERBENA. Cal. of 5 teeth: one of them shorter. Border of Cor. in 5 slightly

unequal segments. Sta. included in the tube. Seeds 4, connected by an evanescent membrane.
VERBENACER. p. 282.

619. ZAPANTA. Cal. cloven. Cor. small, 2-lipped. Caps. of 2 cells, each with a

single seed. 4 low marsh plant, with stalked heads of Il. and large bracts. VERBENACE®.
p. 282.

616. ACANTHUS. Sep. 4, differmg in form and size. Cor. of one lip, trifid. Fr.
a capsule of 2 cells. Dissepiment contrary to valves. Placenta central. ACANTHACED. p. 282.

612. MELAMPYRUM. Cal. 4-cleft. Cor. ringent: upper lip folded back on margin ;
lower with three furrows. SCROPHULARIACER. p. 272.

613. TOZZIA. Cal. 5-cleft. Cor. salver-shaped: the Tube dilated upwards ; Div. nearly
equal. Germen with 2 cells and 2 ovules in each. Seed 1. ScropHunartacea. p. 273.

597. SIBTHORPIA. Cal. with 5 deep spreading segments. Cor. rotate, irregularly

5-cleft. Caps. compressed. 4 very humble plant, with rounded L. ScROPHULARIACER.
p- 266.

GENERA. lv

B. Seeds many, on a central placenta.
i. Cells 2.
a. I. nearly regular.

590. CEHLSIA. Cor. rotate, 5-lobed; the 2 upper Segm. somewhat smaller. Longer
Stamens bearded. A Verbascum, except for the number of its stamens, SOLANACEM. p. 262.

599. ERINUS. Cor. salver-shaped, somewhat 2-lipped; Segm. emarginate. Valves of
Caps. bent in the middle. ScropHuLARIACER. p. 266.

601. DIGITALIS. Cor. campanulate, ventricose at base. Margin oblique, with 4 or 5
shallow lobes. Upright plants, with alternate L. and terminal Rac. of Fl, ScropHULARIA~
cea. Lurips of Linn. p. 267.

b. LH. ringent. Cal. 5-cleft. SCROPHULARIACES.

611. PEDICULARIS. Cor. not unequal at base; upper Lip compressed. Seeds reticu-
late or pitted. Perennial marsh plants, with pinnatifid L., turning black in drying. yp. 271.

594. LINARIA. Cor. spurred at base. Mouth closed, or nearly so, with a prominent pa-
late. Cells opening by a pore with one or more valves. Habit various. jp. 264.

593. ANTIRRHINUM. Cor. gibbous at base: mouth closed with a bearded palate. Cells
of Caps. opening by one or two pores. Lower L. usually opposite ; upper alternate. p. 263.

592. ANARRHINUM. Cor. gibbousat base; mouth open. Cells of Caps. equal, opening
on the back by a pore with a single valve. Root-L. in rosettes. Stem-L. alternate. p. 263.

e. I. ringent, reversed. Cal. 4-cleft. SCROPHULARIACER.

591. SCROPHULARIA. Tube of Cor. inflated; an additional scale within the upper lip.
Caps. opening by 2 valves with inflexed margins. p. 262.

d. L. ringent, direct, without additional scale. Cal. 4-cleft. SCROPHULARIACER.

604. HUFRAGIA. ‘Teeth of Cal. nearly equal. Cells of Anthers awned. Seeds numerous,
finely striate, but without wings or prominent ribs. p. 269.

606. TRIXAGO. Teeth of Cal. nearly equal. Cells of Anthers awned. Placentas thick
and cloven. Seeds very small, with longitudinal ribs. p. 270.

606. EKUPHRASIA. Teeth of Cal. nearly equal. Upper Lip of Cor. spreading, trifid. Cells
of Anthers awned. Placentas thin. Seeds small, pendulous, with longitudinal ribs. p. 270.

607. ODONTITES. Teeth of Cal. nearly equal. Upper Lip of Cor. concave, nearly en-
tire. Cells of Anthers awned. Placentas thin. Seeds small, pendulous, with longitudinal
ribs. p. 270.

608. BARTSIA. Teeth of Cal. nearly equal. Upper Lip of Cor. concave, nearly entire.
Cells of Anthers awned. Placentas thin. Seeds small, transverse: the ribs winged. p. 270.

609. RHINANTHUS. Cal. inflated. Teeth nearly equal. Upper Lip of Cor. compressed.
Margin of Seeds winged. Caps. compressed, acuminate. p. 270.

610. RHYNCHOCORYS. Cal. compressed: upper Lip nearly entire; lower bipartite.
Upper Lip of Cor. prolonged into a slender beak. Seeds globose, wrinkled. p. 271.

ii. Cell single. ScCROPHULARIACER.

596. LINDERNIA. Cal. 5-parted. Cor. ringent. (T'wo of the Fil. with a short, glan-
dular appendage at base. BentH.) (Anthers of lower Fil. lateral, Bert.) 4 small annual
marsh plant. yp. 266.

598. LIMOSELLA. Cal. 5-cleft. Cor. between rotate and campanulate, 5-cleft. A thin
and imperfect Dissepiment parallel to the valves of capsule. 4 small marsh plant, with entire
L. Precr# of Linn. p. 266.

lvi GENERA.

C. Seeds on the margin of the valves, numerous. Cell single. OROBANCHE®.
614. OROBANCHE. Sep. | or 2, somewhat irregular. Cor. ringent, permanent. Brown,
fleshy, parasitical, leafless plants. Scape scaly. p. 273.

615. LATHRAGA. Cal. 4-cleft: segments nearly equal. Cor. ringent, caducous. Para-
sitie plants, with a branched, subterraneous, scaly, or leafy stem ; the Fl. rising above ground.
p- 281.

D. Germen inferior! CAPRIFOLIACES.
365. LINNAZA. Cor. campanulate, 5-cleft, calycled. p. 163.

XV. TETRADYNAMIA. CruciFrera.
The Orders and Tribes which I adopt are :—

I. SILICULOS A.

1. THLasprIpEm. Angustisept; the partition between the cells being on the shorter diameter
of the compressed pouch. Cotyledons accumbent ; 7. e., the Radicle bent along the edges
of the cotyledons. Gen. 35-88.

2. LepipinE®. Like the preceding, except that the cotyledons are incumbent; 2. ¢., the
Radicle is turned up on the back of one of the cotyledons. Gen. 39-45.

3. ALYSSINEH. Latisept; the partition between the cells being on the longer diameter of the
compressed pouch. Cotyledons accumbent. Gen. 46-57.

4, CAMELINE®. Differs from the last in having the cotyledons incumbent. Gen. 58.
5. VELLEZ. Latisept. Cotyledons folded laterally. Gen. 59, 60.
6. NucaMENTACE#. Silicle falling off entire! Gen. 61-67.

II. SILIQUOSA.

q. Lomrentacem. Seeds placed one above another; but the Pod not splitting longitudinally,
and without a vertical dissepiment. Gen. 68-72.

8. Brassicrez. Cotyledons folded. Gen. 73-78.
9. SisyMBRIE#. Cotyledons incumbent. Gen. 79-86.
10.. ARABIDEH. Cotyledons accumbent. Gen. 87-95.

I. SILICULOSA.
Tribe 1. THLASPIDEZ.
- 35. BISCUTELLA. Silicle of 2 circles, which fall off separately, each containing one
seed. L. more or less divided, generally rough. Fl. yellow. p. 14.

36. IBERIS. Silicle oval (versely heart-shaped, Sm.). Fil. not toothed. Two outer Pet.
largest. Cells one-seeded. Sep. alike. 0. white or purplish. p. 14.

37. TEESDALIA. (Silicle inversely heart-shaped, Sm.) Longer Fil. each with a scale at
the base. Seeds 2 in each cell. Small plants, with pinnate L., nearly naked stems, and minute
white Fl, p. 15.

38. THLASPI. Silicle inversely heart-shaped. Valves with a bordered keel. Seeds 2 or
more in each cell. Sep. alike. FU. small, white. Fr. im lax racemes. p. 15.
Tribe II]. LEPIDINEZ.

39. HUTCHINSIA. Silicle nearly entire. Valves keeled, but without a border. Fil.
simple. Seeds 2-4 in each cell. Some of the species appear to have incumbent cotyledons.
p. 16.

40. CAPSELLA. Silicle inversely triangular. Valves not bordered. Fil. without teeth.
Seeds numerous. p. 16.

GENERA. lvit

4], LEPIDIUM. Silicle elliptic, emarginate. Valves keeled. Cells l-seeded. Fil.
without teeth. Sep. equal. Pet. equal, white. p. 16.

42. BIVONEA. Silicle oval, emarginate. Valves winged. Seeds 2-6. L. undivided ;
upper somewhat cordate. I. yellow. yp. 17.

43, AATHIONEMA. Silicle oval. Valves boat-shaped. Keel winged. Seeds 2 or
more in each cell. Fil. without teeth. Two Sep. gibbous at base. Pet. nearly equal. 7. im
a corymb. Hr.imaraceme. yp. 17.

44. SUBULARIA. Silicle entire. Valves tumid. Seeds numerous. Cotyledons linear,
doubled in themselves. 4 humble plant, mostly under water. p. 17.

45. SHNEBIHRA. Silicle wrinkled, not splitting. Cells 1-seeded. Cotyledons linear,
doubled in themselves. p. 17.

Tribe II. AZYSSINE A.
A. Silicle nearly as thick as broad.
46. COCHLEARIA. Fil. toothless. Pouch nearly entire, turgid, wrinkled. Seeds nu-
merous. Scurvy-grass. p. 17.
47. VESICARIA. Shorter Fil. with an obtuse tooth at base. Seeds numerous. Hairy,
and somewhat woody plants. p. 18.
B. Silicle compressed.
i. Shorter Fil. with a tooth or wing.
48. FARSETTIA. Silicle entire, flat. Cal. bisaccate. Seeds with a broad border; more:
than 4 ovules ina cell. Stem erect. Cor. at first yellow, but becoming white. p.18.

. 49. AUBRIETIA. Silicle entire. Valves very convex. Seeds without a border, more
than 4 in a cell. Cal. bisaccate. Forms cushions. Ft. lilac. p.18.

50. BERTEROA. Silicle entire. Seeds with a very narrow margin. Sepals alike. Pet.
cloven. Shorter Fil. toothed. Plants with stellate hairs. L. undivided. p. 18.

51. ALYSSUM. Silicle entire. (Valves flat, or with a convex centre, DC.) Sepals alike.
Pet. entire. Seeds 1-4 in each cell. L. undivided. p.18.

ii. Li/. all simple.

52. KONIGA. Silicle oval, compressed. Seeds margined, 1 or 2 in each cell, pendulous ;
stalk attached to dissepiment. Plant rather woody at base. L. lineari-lanceolate, quite entire.
p. 19.

53. PETROCALILIS. Silicle entire. Seeds without a margin, 2 in each cell. Seed-
stalk attached to the dissepiment. Tufted. L. somewhat cuneiform, trifid. Fl. pink. p. 19.

54. DRABA. Silicle entire. Seeds many, without a margin. Seed-stalks free. Sep.
equal. Pet. entire. L. undivided. p. 20.

55. LUNARIA. Silicle stalked (within the calyx). Seeds many, bordered. Seed-stalk

attached to dissepiment. Cal. somewhat bisaccate. Tadl, erect, branched plants. Fl. purple. p. 21.

C. Seed-vessel with only \ cell !. B

56. PELTARIA. Seeds 1-4. Silicle not opening, surrounded by a filiform margin, flat.
Fil. toothless, smooth. L. sagittate. Fl. white. p. 21.

57. CLYPHOLA. Silicle with a flat margin, not opening. Seed solitary. Fil. alato-
dentate. Sep. equal. Pet. entire. Small Annuals, with stellate pubescence, and minute yellow
Fi. p. 21.

2

lvii GENERA.

Tribe IV. CAMELINEZ.

58. CAMELINA. Silicle pyriform, very convex. Seeds numerous, not bordered. Style
attached to one of the valves. Stem erect. Stem-L. sagittate. p. 21.

Tribe V. VELLEZ.
59. CARRICHTERA. Sta. separate. Style ovate, flat, leaf-like. L. dipinnatifid. p. 21.

60. SUCCOWTA. Sta. separate. Style slender, conical. (Stigma radiate, Pers.) Silicle
prickly. L. pinnate, pinnatifid. Fl. yellow. p. 21.

Tribe VI. NUCAWENTACE.
A. Silcle with 2 cells, placed side by side, each with \ seed.

61. HUCLIDIUM. Silicle drupe-like, with evident sutures. Style subulate. Cotyledons
accumbent. £7. small, white, in a sort of spike. p. 21.

B. Silicle with 1 cell and \ seed.

_ 62. NESLIA. Silicle nearly globose. Cotyledons incumbent (according to Bert., the co-
tyledons are sometimes accumbent). An annual, erect plant, with undivided L. and yellow Fl.
p. 21.

63. ISATIS. Silicle tongue-shaped, much compressed, bordered. Seed pendulous, oblong.
Cotyledons somewhat channeled. £7. small, numerous, yellow. p. 21.

64. CALEPINA. Silicle turgid, leathery. Cotyledons undulato-convolute. Sep. equal.
Outer Pet. somewhat larger. The 4 longer Fil. winged at the base. Plant smooth, branched.
Upper L. sagittate. p. 21.

C. Siliele with cells (sometimes without seeds) one above the other.

65. BUNIAS. Cells 2, one above the other, or in 2 pairs. Cotyledons truly spiral. #7.
yellow. The ripe Silicle crested on the angles. p. 21.

. 66. MYAGRUM. Silicle with 2 empty cells above the fertile. Cotyledons channeled.
Seeds pendulous, oblong. Upper L. sagittate. Pet. yellow. p. 22.

- 67. CRAMBE. Silicle with an empty stalk-like cell below the fertile. Seed pendulous, on
along stalk. Cotyledons folded. The 4 longer Fil. forked at top. L. fleshy, cabbage-lke.
Fl. white. p. 22.

II. SILIQUOS.

Tribe VII. LOMENTACEL.

68. CAKILE. Pod of 2 joints: lower obovate; upper ensiform, deciduous. Seed in the
lower (if. present) pendulous; in the upper erect. Cotyledons accumbent. Cal. gibbous. 7.
white or purplish. Plant fleshy. p. 22.

69. RAPISTRUM. Pod of 2 joints, each with one seed: the lower stalk-like ; the upper
subglobose, acuminate. Seeds as in Cakile. Cotyledons folded. Lower L. generally pinnatifid
or lyrate ; upper undiwided. p. 22.

70. MORISIA, Bert. Pod of 2 joints, each (except through abortion) of 2 cells and 2
seeds, pendulous in the inferior, erect in the upper cell. Cotyledons incumbent. Two Sep. some-
what gibbous at base. ‘Two subulate Nect., and two filiform. No Stem. Scape llowered. L.
pinatifid. yp. 22.

71. ENARTHROCARPUS. Pod of 2 joints: lower obconical, with 1-3 seeds ; upper
long, with 9-10 seeds. Cotyledons folded. p. 22.

72. RAPHANUS. Pod of several imbedded seeds in a single row, one beyond the other,
oiten forming so many joints. Cotyledons folded. Annuals. Root fleshy. jp. 22.

GENERA. lix

Tribe VIII. BRASSICEA.
73. SINAPIS. Cal. spreading (in the flower). Pod nearly cylindrical, somewhat beaked.
Seeds globose, their taste pungent: those in each cell in a single row. p. 22.

74. BRASSICA. Cal. of FL. erect. Pod nearly cylindrical, somewhat beaked. Valves
obtuse, with one nerve and intermediate veins. Seeds nearly globular, in one row. In most of
the species the L. are lyrate ; the ultimate divisions forming by far the greater part of the L.
p. 28.

75. ERUCASTRUM. (Cal. of Fl. erect. Pod linear: Valves convex. Seeds oblong,
in a single row. L. pinnatifid or cuneate. Fl. yellow. p. 24.

The characters of this and the two preceding genera are very unsatisfactory ; and I must con-
fess I have disposed the species rather according to habit than to the somewhat obscure and
uncertain artificial characters.

76. DIPLOTAXTIS. Cal. spreading. Pod compressed: Valves with a single nerve. Seeds
imperfectly in two rows. p. 24.

77. ERUCA. Cal. spreading, equal at base. Pod terete: Valves with one prominent nerve.
Seeds regularly in two rows. Annual, erect. L. lyrato-pinnatifid. yp. 25.

78. MORICANDIA. Cal. of Fl. erect, with two protuberances at base. Pod unequally
4-edged. Seeds in 2 rows, somewhat winged. £7. purple. p. 25.

Tribe IX. SISYMBRIEA,.
A. Stigma a shield or dise with a thickened margin.
79. SISYMBRIUM. Pod linear: Valves 3-nerved. Seeds in a single series. Seed-
stalk filiform. p. 25.
80. ALLIARIA. Pod long, terete: Valves 3-nerved. Seeds in a single row. Seed-stalk
flattened, winged. L. undivided, cordate. p. 26.

81. ERYSIMUM. Cal. erect. Pod4-edged: Valves witha single nerve. Seeds in one
row. Seed-stalk filiform. Upright and somewhat rigid plants, with undivided and generally
narrow L. yp. 26.

82. HUGUENINIA. Cal. somewhat spreading. Pod 2-edged: Valves each with a single
nerve. Seedsin onerow. JL. pinnate. p. 27.

83. SYRENIA. Pod 4-edged: Valves each with a single nerve. Seeds in2 rows. L.
linear, quite entire. p. 27.

84. BRAYA. Pod terete or somewhat compressed: Valves l-nerved. Seedsin 2 rows. Fr.
im araceme. p. 27.

B. Stigina of 2 oblong or oval lobes.
85. HESPERIS. Pod linear, many-nerved. Seeds ina single row. LL. elliptical or ovato-
lanceolate, undivided. p. 27.
CG. Stigma concat.
86. MALCOMIA. Pod linear, hairy or woolly. Seeds in a single row, or somewhat ir-
regular. L. undivided. Fl. purplish. p. 28.
Tribe X. ARABIDEZ.
A. Stigma 2-lobed.

87. MATTHIOLA. Pod terete or somewhat compressed, with 2 or 3 hunches or horns at
the top ( M. sinuata this is hardly the case). Two Sep. gibbous at base. F%. purplish.
p. 28. .

88. CHEIRANTHUS. Pod compressed or 2-edged, with an elevated nerve on each
a2

Ix GENERA.

valve. Lobes of Stigma spreading. Seeds in a single row. Two Sep. somewhat gibbous at
base. Fl. yellowish. p. 28.
B. Stigma discoid or capitate.
89. BARBAREA. Pod round and keeled, or somewhat 4-edged. Seeds in onerow. LJ.
more or less lyrate. Fl. yellow. p. 29.

90. NASTURTIUM. Pod round (on the section). Seeds irregularly in two rows. L.
pinnate. El. white or yellow. In some species the pod is so short that but for their general
resemblance to the rest of the genus they would be placed among the Siliculose. p. 29.

91. TURRITIS. Pod compressed, keeled. Seeds in 2 rows. An upright plant, with
cordato-sagittate L. /p. 30.

92. ARABIS. Pod compressed, keeled or with numerous longitudinal veins. Seeds in
one row. oot-L. i rosettes. Fl. white, pink, or blue. yp. 80.

93. CARDAMINE. Pod compressed, without keel or nerves, at last rolling upwards from
the bottom. Seed-stalk filiform. 7. white, pink, or purple. p. 82.

94. DENTARIA. Pod as in Cardamine. Seed-stalks dilated, winged. Placentas not
winged. Root horizontal. Stem erect. L. pinnate or digitate. yp. 32.

95. PTERONEURUM. Pod as in Cardamine. Seed-stalks dilated, winged. (Placentas
alato-nervose, DC.) Hadzt of Cardamine. p. 33.

XVI. MONADELPHIA.

I. PENTANDRIA. GrRANIACES.

142. ERODIUM. Style 1. Arils 5,’each with a single seed. Awns spiral, bearded on the
enside (in Ki. albiflorum sometimes smooth.) Five barren Fil. Stem L. opposite. Cor. pink or
white. p. 68.

II. DECANDRIA. GerRantacea.

143. GERANIUM. Arils 5, 1-seeded. Awns spiral, not bearded. Sep. 5. Pet. 5,
blue, pink, or white. L. opposite. p. 69.

TIT. POLYANDRIA. Matvacea,
A. Calyx double.
i. Seeds in a single capsule.

135. HIBISCUS. Caps. of 5 cells. Stigmas 5. Seeds many. Outer Cal. of many L.
p. 64.
ii. Seeds irregularly crowded into a head.

131. MALOPEH, Outer Cal. of 8 L. p. 62.

iii. Seeds, or 1-seeded Caps., whorled.
132. MALVA. Outer Cal of 3 L. p. 62.
133. ALTHAGA. Outer Cal. in 6-9 segments. p. 63.
134. LAVATERA. Outer Cal. 3-lobed. p. 64.
There is no difference of habit in these three genera.

B. Calyx simple.

136. SIDA. Style multifid. Caps. about 15, whorled, each containing 1-3 seeds, and
terminating in two horns. p. 65.

GENERA. \xi

XVII. DIADELPHIA.

J, HEXANDRIA, Fumartacem. Corypares of Linn,
Fil. 2, each with 3 Anthers.
32. CORYDALIS. Pet. 4, one with a spur. Pod of 2 valves and many seeds. L. com-
pound, thin. Fl.in a raceme. p. 13.

33. SARCOCAPNOS. Pet. 4, one with a spur. Caps. not splitting, 2-seeded. Valves
2, three-nerved. p. 13.

34, FUMARIA. Cor. ringent, of one petal, protuberant at base. Caps. not splitting,
l-seeded. Annual. L. supradecompound. Il.in a raceme. p. 13.

TI. OCTANDRIA. Potycates.

105. POLYGALA. Two Segm. of Cal. like wings. Standard of Cor. cylindrical. Caps.
of 2 cells and 2 valves. Seeds crested, solitary. L. smooth, undivided. Plant somewhat
woody at base. Fl. in araceme. yp. 42.

TI. DECANDRIA. LrGgumrnosa.

The plants of this Order with a papilionaceous corolla form the PAPILIONACE® of Linneus.
Those without such a corolla, and one or two genera not belonging to the modern Leguminose,
Sorm his LOMENTACES.

A. Stamens all united.
i. Calyx of 2 L.
ii. Calyx 2-lipped.
iii. Calyx of 5 nearly equal teeth.
B. One Stamen separate. Pod continuous,, one-celled. In some species of Lotus and

Doryenium, the shrivelling of a cellular mass occasions the appearance of transverse divi-
sions in the pod.

i. L. ternate. Stipules not like additional Lts.

ii. L. ternate. Stipules like 2 additional Lts.

iii. L. pmnate, with an odd Lt.

iv. L. pinnate, without an odd Lt.
C. One Sta. separate. Pod with a longitudinal dissepiment. L. pinnate, with an odd Lt.
D. One Sta. separate. Pod jointed. L. pinnate, with an odd Lt., or simple.

A. Filaments all united,
i. Cal. of 2 L.

165. ULEX. Cal. coloured. Legume oblong, hardly exceeding calyx. Seeds 6-10.
tlie with strong branched thorns and small simple L. Fl. solitary, yellow. Leg. villous.
p. 75.

ii. Calyx 2-lipped.
166. GENISTA. Upper Lip 2-parted, or bidentate; lower with 3 teeth. Organs not

included. Keel obtuse. Leg. without glands. Shrubs, with simple or ternate L., sometimes
spinose. El. yellow. p. 75.

167. SPARTIUM. Cal. of 1 L., open at the side, membranaceous at the top. Keel
bent down. 4 Shrub, with long, unarmed, rod-like branches. L. small, simple. Il. large,
yellow, in terminal racemes. Seeds about 15. p. 78.

168. CYTISUS. Upper Lip of Cal. nearly entire; lower somewhat tridentate. Organs
included. Handsome Shrubs, mostly with ternate L. Keel obtuse. p. 78.

169. ADENOCARPUS. Upper Lip of Cal. biparted; lower longer, trifid. Organs

bent GENERA.

included. Keel obtuse. Leg. covered with glands. Shrubs, with divaricate branches, ternate
L., Stip. on the L.-stalks, and racemes of yellow Fl. yp. 80.

202. LUPINUS. Cal. with 2 lips. Keel of 2 petals, beaked. Five of the Anthers
oblong, and five subrotund. Pod coriaceous. Seeds separated by a cellular mass. L. digitate.

p. 110.

iii. Calyx of 5, nearly equal teeth.
170. ONONIS. Cal. not inflated, open in the fruit (lower tooth longest, Sm.). Standard.
large, striate. Keel beaked. Herbs, or Shrubs. L. simple or ternate (in O. pinnata, pinnate).
Fi. axillary. Stalks generally with a little soft awn. Seeds 1-3? p. 80.

171. ANTHYLLIS. Cal. inflated, persistent, covering the fruit. Seeds1 or 2. Shrubs,
or Herbs, of very various habit. The Pod of A. tetraphylla is transversely 2-celled. p. 82.

B. One Stamen separate. Pod continuous, 1-celled,
i. L. ternate. Stip. not leaf-like.
179. PSORALEA. Seed one. Leg. not opening. Primordial L. opposite! Huropean
perennial plants, with purplish Fl. Cal. with glandular tubercles. Tenth Stamen sometimes
unted to the others at the base. p. 96.

172. MEDICAGO. Leg. falcate or spiral! Seeds many. Organs springing elastically
from the keel. Cal. with 5 nearly equal teeth. M. arborea zs a shrub, and some others are
woody at the base; M. circinata has some pinnate L.; M. sativa has bluish Fl.; the others
are mostly low, prostrate, perennial plants, with yellow Fl., ternate L., and Stup. not

like the Lts. p. 838.

173. TRIGONELLA. Leg. linear, compressed, acuminate, slightly curved. Seeds many.
Fil. not attached to petals. Low plants, mostly annual. ‘Smell agreeable. p. 86

174. MELILOTUS. Leg. short, but exceeding calyx, elliptical or obovate. Seeds 1-3.
Fil. not attached to petals. V. 22 racemes, numerous, yellow or white. Erect or diffuse Herbs.
p. 87.

175. TRIFOLIUM. Leg. not exceeding calyx. Seeds 1-3. Fil. more or less attached
to petals. Fl. in dense spikes, heads, or compact umbels. T. Lupmaster has quinate L.
Herbs, with purple, yellow, or white Fl. p. 88.

ii. L. ternate, but with Stip. hke two additional Lts.

176. DORYCNIUM. Pod short. Seeds about 2. Cal. 2-lipped, gibbous. Wings some-
what exceeding beakless keel, shorter than standard. Stigma evidently capitate. Somewhat
shrubby. Fl. numerous, small, whitish, in heads. VD. rectum has a linear pod and many

seeds. p. 94,

177. LOTUS. Leg. linear or cylindrical, not winged. Seeds many, imbedded. Cal. some-
what 2-lipped: segments acuminate. Wings connivent. Keel beaked. Stigma to the naked
eye subulate. Fl. 1-6, with a floral L., generally yellow. p. 95.

178. TETRAGONOLOBUS. Leg. with 4 wings, many-seeded. Keel beaked. 7.
yellow or purple. p. 96.

iii. L. pinnate, with an odd Lt,

180. GLYCYRRHIZA.. The single Sta. quite free. Keel acute. Standard lanceolate,
straight. Leg. oblong. Seeds 1-4. Cal. 2-lipped; upper least divided. Perennial. Rae.
axillary. Fl. purplish or white. jp. 96.

181. GALEGA. The single Sta. united to the others at the base. Keel obtuse. Leg. to-
rulose, obliquely striate, not inflated. Cal. of 5, nearly equal, subulate teeth. Simooth, erect
Perennials. Fl. white or purplish. p. 96.

GENERA. lxiii

‘182. ROBINIA. Keel obtuse. Seeds many. Style bearded. Cal. 2-lipped ; upper least
divided. Ax American Tree, sometimes naturalized, with racemes of pink or white Fl. L. with
stipulary spines. p. 96.

- 183. COLUTEA. Standard with 2 calli at base. Keel with a short truncate beak. Cal.
of 5 teeth: the upper shorter. Style ciliate on its whole length. Stigma lateral, hooked. Leg.
inflated. Seeds many. Unarmed Shrubs. Stip. small. p. 96.

184. PHACA. Style subulate, hairless. Leg. somewhat inflated, attenuate at each end.
Upper Suture tumid and seminiferous. Ovules more than 2. Keel obtuse. Herbaceous. 1.
in axillary racemes. In some species the Leg. is imperfectly 2-celled. yp. 97.

196. CICHR. Style hairless. Leg. inflated. Ovules 2. Cal. 5-cleft; the 2 or 4 upper
divisions incumbent on the standard. Az annual plant, with large, wrinkled, acuminate seeds.
p- 102. R

“iv. L. pinnate, without an odd Lt.

197. VICIA. Style terete, at right angles with germen. Stigma transversely bearded below
the tip. Two upper Teeth of Cal. shorter. Lts. numerous, with a tendril, except im V. lathy-
roides. p. 102.

198. HRVUM. Style terete, at right angles with germen. Stigma equally hairy all over.
Cal. with 5, nearly equal, acute segments, nearly as long as corolla. Seeds 2-6. Annual slender
Herbs. Lts. numerous, small. L. ending in a tendril. yp. 106.

199. PISUM. Style ascending, 3-edged. Stigma longitudinal, downy. Upper Div. of
Cal. shorter. Smooth Herbs, with large, leaf-like stipules. L. tendrilled. Lts. few. p. 107.

200. LATHY RUS. Style ascending, flattened vertically. Stigma downy, on dilated upper
half of style. Upper Div. of Cal. shorter. Herbaceous, climbing plants. LL. tendrilied. Lits.
few (1-8 pair). L. Nissolia and L. Aphaca have no Its. p. 107.

201. OROBUS. Style ascending, straight, terete, channeled above. Stigma downy, lon-
gitudinal. Upper Teeth of Cal. shorter and deeper. Hrect Herbs. L. without tendrils. p. 109.

C. Legume, more or less perfectly, longitudinally 2-celled. One Sta. separate. L. pinnate,
with an odd Lt.

185. OXYTROPIS. Leg. with valves turned in on the upper suture, or on both. Keel
with a protruding cusp. Herbaceous. Fl. in spikes. Leg. sometimes inflated. p. 97.

186. ASTRAGALUS. Leg. with valves turned in on the lower suture. Keel obtuse,
without a cusp. Perennials, very various in appearance; a few of them woody and spinous.

10 Dele

187. BISHERRULA. Leg. flat: the sides united by a narrow sept. Margins dentato-
sinuate. £7. small, purplish, in ovate spikes. Spike-stalks shorter than L. pp. 100

~D. Legume transversely divided (except in Onobrychis, which has only one division, and Secu-
rigera, where there is a continued, connected margin). L. simple m Scorpiurus; ix the other
genera pinnate, with an odd Lt.

188. SCORPIURUS. Leg. revolute, longitudinally furrowed. Cal. m 5 equal segments.
Keel divided at base, acuminate. Annual Herbs. L. quite entire, attenuate. Stip. mem-
branous. p. 100.

189. CORONILLA. Leg. round, nearly straight. Upper Teeth of Cal. nearly united.
Pet. with long claws. Keel acuminate. 7. 7x umbels. p. 100.

1938. SECURIGERA. Leg. flat: jomts connected by a continuous margin. Cal. 2-lipped.
Pet. with long claws. Keel acuminate. Herbaceous ; with the habit of Coronilla. p. 101.

190. ARTHROLOBIUM. leg. nearly round : joints truncate at each end. Keel small,
obtuse. Cal. with 5, nearly equal teeth, without ae! bracts. Smooth Herbs. Stip., of any,
opposite to L. yp. 101.

lxiv GENERA.

191. ORNITHOPUS. Leg. compressed: joints truncate at each end. Keel very small.
Cal. with 5, nearly equal teeth. Bracts leafy. Hairy Herbs. El. in umbels, small, but ele~
gant. -Stip. small, attached to L.-stalk. yp. 101.

192. HIPPOCREPIS. Leg. compressed: joints deeply curved on one side. Keel divided
at base, acuminate. Cal. with 5, equal, acute segments. Fl.in umbels. Herbaceous (in my
limits). 1. yellow. Stip. membranous, oblique, undivided. p. 101.

194. HEDYSARUM. Leg. compressed: joints several, lenticular, one-seeded. Keel ob-
long, truncate, exceeding wings. 7.2 racemes, pink or whitish. yp. 101.

195. ONOBRYCHIS. Leg. of one joint and one seed, not opening, crested or winged.
Keel obliquely truncate. Wings short. Cal. with 5, nearly equal, subulate segments. Sprke-
stalks long. p. 102.

XVIII. POLYADELPHIA. Hyprrictnes.

138. HYPERICUM. Caps. of 3 or 5 cells, more or lesscomplete. Cal. 5-parted, persis-
tent. Groups of Fil. without basal glands. Herbs, or Shrubs, with smooth, opposite L.
p. 65.

XIX. COMPOSITA. Syneenesta of Linneeus.

In this class, I have adopted the following Orders, instead of exactly following Linnzeus :—

I. Florets all ligulate. Branches of the style convex, everywhere pubescent. LicuLaTm, or
Cichoracee. This, and most of the Cynaree, form the SYNGENESIA HQUALIS of Linn.

II. Central Florets tubular; outer ligulate. Raprara, or Corymbifere, forming, with the
Discoiderr, SYNGENESIA SUPERFLUA of Linn.

III. Florets all tubular; but the outer without stamens. Style without a joining. Discorpex.

IV. Florets all tubular. Stigma with a marked joining on to the style. Cynarocephale, or
CynarEm. Of these, the Tribe Centaurier belongs to the SYNGENESIA FRUSTRANEA of
Linn. The Xerantheme are included in his SYNGENESIA SUPERFLUA ; the Hchinop-
sideze 77 SYNGENESIA SEGREGATA.

V. Central Florets tubular ; outer ligulate. Stigma with a marked joiing on to style. Ca-
LENDULACER. Included by Linneus in SYNGENESIA NECESSARIA.

VI. Antheriferous and style-bearing Fl. distinct. Anthers free. This division will be found
im Moneecia Pentandria. AMBROSIER.

Order I. LIGULATZ.

The Tribes are—
1. CavanancHEe®, Stigmas ovoid. Receptacle fibrillose. Gen. 381.
In all the other tribes the Stigmas are cylindrical or semicylindrical.

2. ScotymEem. Seeds invested with the chaff of the receptacle. Gen. 382.
Jn the other tribes the Seeds are free.
3. LAPSANER. Crest of the Seeds 0, or a mere margin. Receptacle naked. Gen. 383-386.
4. Hyosrripe®. Crest chaffy. Receptacle naked. Gen. 387-390.
5. Hypocu@ripes&. Crest, of the inner Seeds at least, feathery. Receptacle chaffy. Gen.
391-895.
In the four following Tribes the Crest is feathery, and the Receptacle naked :—
6. TRaAGOPOGONE®. Cal. simple, without accessory Scales. Gen. 396-398.
7. LeonroponTE®. Cal. simple, but with accessory Scales. Gen. 399-402.
8. PicrripE&®. Cal. double. Gen. 408, 404.

GENERA. Ixy

9. ScorzoNERE®. Cal. tiled. Gen. 405-407,
Tn the remaining Tribes the Shafts of the Crest are hair-like :—
10. Hizracte#. Crest of rough, brittle, brownish hairs. Gen. 408-410.
11. Soncnem. Crest of soft hairs. Seed ending abruptly. Geu. 411-414.
12. Crepipex. Crest of soft hairs. Seed taper, and often beaked; the Beak being an evi-
dent prolongation of the seed. Gen. 415-420.

13, CHonDRILLE®. Crest on a filiform stalk, having a marked separation from the pera
Gen. 421-425.

Tribe I. CATANANCHE.

381. CATANANCHE. Cal. tiled. Phyll. pellucid, extending down the stalk. Seeds .
top-shaped. Crest of 5 awned scales. p. 173.

Tribe Il. SCOLYMEZ.

382. SCOLYMUS. Cal. ovate, tiled, surrounded by somewhat thorny bracts. TZhist/e-
like plant, wilh yellow Fl. p. 178.

Tribe IIT. LAPSANEA,

383. LAPSANA. Cal. of 8, equal, channeled phyllaries, and two or three minute outer
scales at the base. Fil. 8-12. Crest 0. p. 173.

384. RHAGADIOLUS. Cal. of about 8, equal, convolute phyllaries, involving the terete,
taper seeds; sometimes with smaller ones at the base. Fits. 8-12. p. 174

385. ARNOSERIS. Cai. of about 12, equal, connivent phyllaries, with small ones at the
base. Recept. deeply honeycombed at the margin. Seeds abrupt, 5-cornered, attenuate,
crowned with an undivided margin. p. 174

386. APOSERIS. Cal. double ; outer of 8, shorter phyllaries. Seeds somewhat attenu-
ate upwards, ending ina minutecup. Scape naked, \-flowered. p. 174.

Tribe IV. HYOSERIDEZ.

387. HEDYPNOIS. Phyll. linear, in one row, with accessory scales; inner involving
the outer seeds. Seeds cylindrical, somewhat attenuate, incurved. Crest double; outer of a
few hair-like scales; inner of from 5 to 7 long pales. p. 174.

388. HYOSERIS. Phyll. in one row, with a short calycle ; inner Scales concave. Seeds
attenuate, striate, cr finely granular. Crest of outer Seeds very short, with one or two longer
pales; of inner Seeds in two rows. Pales acuminate, with intermediate hairs. Scapes 1-flow-
ered. p. 174:

389. CICHORIUM. Outer Cal. of about 5 phyllaries; inner long, of 8-10. Recept.
sometimes with afew fimbrils. Seeds obovate, striate, hairless. Pales of Crest short and nu-
merous. Coarse, bitter, milky plants, wilh beautiful blue Fl. p. 174.

390. TOLPIS. Cal. calycled. Outer Phyll. very lax, persistent. Recept. honeycombed.
Seeds top-shaped, striate. Crest of outer Seeds scale-lke ; of inner of rough, bristle-like chaff,
and short, intermediate bristles. p. 174.

Tribe V. HYPOCHGRIDEX.-

391. HYPOCHGRIS. Cal. somewhat tiled. Seeds hairy, muriculate. Crest double ;
outer of filiform hairs. L. wadivided. Fl. yellow. p. 175.

392. ACHYROPHORUS. Like Hypocheris, except in the Crest, which is simple and
feathery. In the European species all the seeds are beaked, the inner ones most so, and the
Cal. is campanulate. p. 175.

k

lxyi GENERA.

393. METABASIS. Phyll. acuminate, prickly on the back, in 2 series, aud with acces-
sory scales: Seeds nearly cylindrical ; outer with a short, inner withalong beak. Crest in two
rows: that of the outer Seeds of very short scales. p. 175.

394. SERIOLA. Cal. somewhat calycled. Seeds alike, muriculate, with a long beak.
Crest simple; shafts feathery at the tip. p.175.

395. ROBERTIA. Cal. simple. Seeds furrowed, smooth, with a short beak. Shafts of
Crest semilanceolate. p. 175.

Tribe VI. TRAGOPOGONE.

396. UROSPERMUM. Cal. campanulate, simple, in about 8 divisions. Recept. fim--
brilliferous. Seeds muricate, with a long beak inflated at the base. p. 175.

397. GHROPOGON. Recept. covered with hair-like scales on the outer sides of the Flts.
Seeds striate, cylindrical, with a long beak. Crest of outer Seeds of about 5, serrulate, acumi-
nate pales. p. 175.

398. TRAGOPOGON. Phyll. united at the base, without accessory scales, at last reflexed.
Seeds longitudinally muriculate, with a lateral scar and along beak. All the Crests feathery.
The 5 longer Shafts naked at the end. L. gute entire, smooth, sheathing at the base. Fi.
solitary. p. 175.

Tribe VII. LEONTODONTE.

399. LEONTODON. Seeds terete, striate, tapering at top. Crest in two rows, similar

inall. Apareta of Smith. p. 176.

400. MILLINA. Cal. with numerous accessory scales. Seeds transversely striate, with a
long beak. Crest single; shafts not dilated at the base, similar in all. p. 177.

401. THRINCIA. Cal. simple, with accessory scales. Seeds of the centre beaked. Crest
of the outer Seeds scaly. Scape simple. p. 177.

402. KALBFUSSIA. Cal. simple, with accessory scales. Seeds terete, tubercled ; inner
with a short beak and a crest of 10 feathers. No Crest to the outer seeds. Scape branched. p. 177.

Tribe VIII. PICRIDEA.
403. PICRIS. Outer Cal. of numerous short scales. Seed roundish, somewhat attenuate
~ at each end, transversely rugulose. Scar terminal. Beak short. Crest (im the Huropean
species) alike to all the seeds. All the species are rough, chiefly with glochidiate hairs.
p- 178.

404. HELMINTHIA. Outer Phyll. few (3-5), large, ovate; immer about 8, narrower,
equal. Seeds oval, transversely rugulose. Crest on a long filiform stalk. L. semsamplexicaul,
wavy, prickly. p. 178.

Tribe IX. SCORZONEREZ.

405. PODOSPERMUM. (Cal. cylindrical, tiled. Seeds beaked, seated on a hollow stalk.
p. 178.

406. SCORZONERA. Cal. tiled. Phyll. scariose on the margin. Recept. naked. Seed

with a lateral scar, without stalk or beak (beaked, according to Koch). Shafts all feathery.
‘LL. entire in the European species. p. 179.

407. GALASIA. Cal. tiled. Seed without stalk or beak. Shafts of Crest rongh: outer
hair-like; inner on a lanceolate base, villous on the inner edge. p. 180.

Tribe X. HIHRACIEZA.
408. ANDRYALA. Cal. in a single series, with a few accessory scales. Recept. alveo-
late; the edges finely laciniate, exceeding the seeds. Seeds 10, striate. In Species 5 and 6
there 1s some chaff on the margin of the receptacle. yp. 180.

GENERA. lxvii

409. HIEBRACIUM. Cal. tiled. Recept. alveolate; the edges of the pits divided, but
shorter than the pentagonal seeds, which are not contracted at the top. p. 180.

410. MULGEDIUM. Cal. double; the outer somewhat tiled. Seeds compressed. Beak
short, expanding at the top. Recept. slightly pitted. p. 188.

Tribe XI. SONCHEL.

411. ZOLLIKOFERIA. Cal. tiled. Margin of Phyll. skinny. Seeds 4-edged, finely
striate, with 4 descending horns! p. 188.

412. SONCHUS. Cal. tiled, compressed. Seeds prismatic, abrupt, with 4 or 5 rounded
ribs, without tubercles. Bztter, milky plants, with hollow stems. p. 188.

413. PICRIDIUM. Cal. tiled. Margin of Phyll. whitish. Seeds prismatic, abrupt,
tubercled. p. 189.

414. PRENANTHES. Cal. cylindrical, of 4-6 phyllaries, calycled. Fits. 3-5. Seeds
truncate, attenuate at base. Crest rigid, nearly sessile. Smooth, milky plants. Fl. in panicles.
p. 189.

Tribe XII. CREPIDEZ.

415. PTEROTHECA. Cal. of 2 pretty regular series of phyllaries, and a few small scales
at the base. Recept. furnished with long hairs! Outer Seeds oblong, corky, wrapped in the
phyllaries, convex externally, marked internally with 8—5 wing-like ribs ; inner cylindrical, beaked.
p- 189.

416. ZACYNTHA. Cal. of 8 phyllaries, with accessory scales. Phyll. thickened and
concave after flowering, enclosing the outer seeds. Seeds compressed, nearly wedge-shaped, with
a very short beak. Crest caducous. p. 189.

417. ENDOPTERA.- Cal. double. Outer Phyll. very short; inner convolute, involving
the outer. Seeds torulose, connivent after flowering. Recept. somewhat fimbrillose. Outer
Seeds with an internal wing! inner with a long beak and no wing. p. 189.

418. AUTHHORHIZA. Cal. calycled. Outer Phyll. small, adpressed. Recept. without
long hairs. Seeds obtusely 4-edged, with a short beak. p. 189.

419. CREPIS. Cal. calycled. Outer Phyll. lax. Recept. somewhat hispid. Seed attenuate
at top. Crest compound. Branched plants. L. pinnatifid, sinuate, or toothed. Fl. yellow
(except im C.incarnata). p. 189.

420. BARKHAUSIA. Cal. calycled or somewhat tiled. Recept. alveolate. Margins of
Pits laciniate. Seeds terete; those of the centre at least produced into a beak as long as the
seed. Habit of Crepis. £1. yellow, except in B. purpurea and B. rubra. p. 191.

Tribe XITi. CHONDRILLE.

421. PHASNOPUS. Cal. cylindrical, somewhat tiled. Fits. about 5. Seed terete, beaked.
p. 192.

422. LACTUCA. Cal. cylindrical, calycled in 2-4 series. Fits. numerous. Seeds com-
pressed, smooth, ending abruptly in a filiform stalk to the crest. Plant rather bitter. Stem
nearly solid. El. numerous. p. 192.

423. TARAXACUM. Cal. double. Phyll. callous at the tip. Seeds oblong, striate, _
spinulose at the top. Crest on a filiform stalk. Stemless, milky plants. Fl. large. p. 193.

424. WILLEMETIA. Cal. simple, with accessory scales. Seeds 5-edged; the ribs pro-
duced at top into tooth-like tubercles. Beak longer than the seed. p. 194.

425. CHONDRILLA. Cal. cylindrical, in 2 rows, and calycled with short, adpressed
scales. Seed squamuloso-muricate; the upper squamule having the appearance of a calyx.
p. 194.

k 2

Ixvili GENERA.

f Order II. RADIATZ.
The Tribes are :—

1. Inutem. Branches of Style of tubular Florets convex, obtuse; upper part externally
pubescent. Gen. 426-429.

. AsTERINEE. Branches of Style of tubular Florets flattened, somewhat acute, pubescent
externally. Crest hair-like. Recept. naked. Gen. 430-438.

3. GALLINSOGEEX. Branches of Style of Tubular Florets with a tuft of glands in the upper

part, but with a conical or filiform appendage beyond the tuft. Recept. chafly. ZL. opposite.
Gen. 439, 440,

In the two following tribes the branches of the style are truncate, with a terminal tuft of
glands :—

4, ANTHEMIDEEX. Crest 0, or only ashort crown. Gen. 441-449, 451-453.
5. SENECIONIDEX. Crest hair-like. Gen, 454-459,

6. Eupatortace®. “Style of the complete Fl. cylindrical. Branches long, somewhat club-
shaped; upper part externally puberulo-papillose. Rows of Stigmas hardly prominent,
often ceasing before the middle of the branches of the style.’—DC. ‘Style of complete
Fit. cylindrical, cloven. Branches long, nearly terete or club-shaped ; upper part puberulo-
papillose.’—Kocu. Recept. naked. Crest composed of hairs or bristles. Gen. 460-465.

I adopt this tribe in compliance with two such distinguished botanists as De Candolle and
Koch, and for the sake of convenience, without understanding, exactly, in what its essential cha-
racter consists. It includes two groups, differing in habit from each other, and from all the
other tribes. There are no radiate Fits., except in Tussi/ago; and the separation into those
which have, and those which have not, one or more series of fertile florets, is not a natural one.

eo

Tribe I. INULEZ.
426. BUPHTHALMUM. Crest short, paleaceous. Recept. chaffy. L. alternate, undi-
vided. p. 194.

427. PULICARIA. Outer Crest united into a short crown; inner of rough bristles.
Recept. naked. Anthers tailed. L. undivided. Stem-L. cordato-sagittate, p. 194.

428. JASONIA. Crest entirely of rough bristles; the outer very short. Recept. naked.
Anthers tailed. L. sessele, undivided. jp. 195.

429. INULA. Crest simple, of roughish hairs. Anthers tailed. Recept. naked. Cal.
tiled. 2. sessile, often amplexicaul, undivided. Fl. large, yellow. p. 195.

Tribe Il, ASTERINEZ.

A. All the Florets of one colour.

430. SOLIDAGO. Crest of one row of rough hairs. Rays 5-15, in one series, Recept.
without chaff or fimbrils. Cal. of many closely tiled phyllaries. p. 196.

431. LINOSYRIS. Seeds compressed laterally. Crest of 2 rows of bristles. Stigmas
somewhat exsert. Recept. naked, slightly pitted. Cal. campanulate, shorter than the Fits.
Erect. L. simple, narrow. Fl. terminal, yellow. p.197.

B. Rays and Disc of different colours.
432. ASTER. Cal. tiled in many rows. Rays in one series, productive. Recept. flat,
pitted. Margin of Pits toothed. Seeds compressed. Crest of many rows. p. 197.

433. GALATELLA. Phyll, tiled. Rays in one series, seedless. Recept. pitted. Mar-
gins toothed. Seed hirsute. Crest of many rows. p. 197.

434. STENACTIS. Phyll. in 2 or 3 rows. Rays in one row. Recept. naked, dotted.
Seeds compressed. Crest of tubular Fits. double, the outer short. p. 198.

+

GENERA. Ixix

435, BELLIDIASTRUM. Phyll. in 2 rows, linear, acute, somewhat leafy. Recept.
conical, naked, dotted. Seeds oblong, slightly compressed, somewhat striato-spinulose. Crest
of numerous, flexuose hairs. p. 198.

436. BELLIUM. Phyll. oblong, in 2 rows. Recept. ovoideo-conical, naked. Fits. of
Dise usually 4-toothed, Seeds compressed, rather downy. Crest of 4 or 5, membranous, trun-
cate scales, and as many sete. Both these genera resemble the Daisy. p. 198.

437, BELLIS. Cal. campanulate or hemispherical. Phyll. subacute, equal. Recept. conical,
naked, Seeds compressed, obovate. Crest 0. L. obovate, undivided. Fl.-stalks simple. p.198.

438. ERIGERON. Rays numerous, in many series, very narrow. Recept. naked, dotted.
Seeds compressed. Crest of rough hairs. Stem erect. JL. simple, undivided. p. 198.

Tribe III. GALLINSOGE,

439. BIDENS. Phyll.in 2 rows. Rays usually wanting. Recept. nearly flat, chaffy.
Tuft of Glands of Stigma conical. Seeds crowned with about 3 spines armed with backward
prickles. Seeds nearly oval, obcompressed. yp, 199.

440. GALLINSOGA. Cal. hemispherical, of 5 or 6 phyllaries. Rays about 5. Recept.
chaffy. Seed angular. Crest of acuminate, feathered scales. p. 199.

Tribe IV. ANTHEMIDEL.
A. Receptacle chaffy.

449. LONAS. Cal. tiled, campanulate. Recept. conical. Rays wanting. Seed cylindri-
cal, furrowed, wingless. Crest a small, oblique, entire, membranous crown. p. 206.

451. PLAGIUS. Cal. tiled, campanulate. Recept. flat. Rays 0. Seeds angular, on a
lengthened callus. Crown scariose, one-sided. p. 206.

452. SANTOLINA. Cal. closely tiled. Rays usually wanting. Tube of Fits. of Disc
prolonged at base into a ring or heod. Seed without crest or crown. Shrubby aromatic plants.
L. with short pinne or teeth. yp. 206.

453. DIOTIS. Cal. closely tiled. Rays 0. Tube of Fits. with 2 wings and 2 obtuse
spurs. Seed without crest or crown. 4 shrubby plant, thickly covered with white wool. p. 207.

These four genera, by an error which I did not discover till too late, have been placed and
numbered in the description of the species, among those with a naked receptacle.

441, ANTHEMIS. Cal. hemispherical, tiled. Phyll. nearly equal, scariose on margin.
Recept. convex. Rays oblong. Fits. of Disc regular. Seed not winged, or with a very narrow
wing. Bitter, aromatic plants, with finely divided L. Rays white (yellow in A, tinctoria).
Disc yellow. p. 199.

442. ANACYCLUS. Cal. somewhat campanulate, tiled. Recept. convex. Tube of
Florets of Dise with 2 wings. Rays oblong. Seeds obcompressed, bordered with an entire
wing, which is connected with the crown. Rays sometimes wanting. Hardly distinguished in
habit from Anthemis. p. 201.

443. ACHTILLEA. Cal. ovoid, campanulate or oblong, tiled. Recept. narrow. Rays
nearly circular. Fits. of Dise with a winged tube and 5 equal teeth. Seeds often bordered.
Bitter, and often aromatic plants, with numerous corymbose Fl. p. 202.

B. Receptacle naked.

444. PYRETHRUM. Cal. tiled, campanulate. Recept. convex or hemispherical. Rays
in a single row. Seeds not winged; those of Disc with a todthed crown. Rays white. Dise
yellow. L. divided. yp. 204.

445, LEUCANTHEMUM. (Cal. broadly campanulate, tiled. Margin of Phyll. mem-

Ixx GENERA.

branous. Rays in a single row. Seeds not winged, striate; those of Disc quite bald, striate.
p- 205.

446. NANANTHEA. Phyll. 8 or 9, membranous on margin. Recept. small. Rays
in onerow. Fits. of Disc 4-cleft. Seeds all alike, without crest, hair, or wing. p. 205.

447, CHRYSANTHEMUM. Cal. tiled. Margin of Phyll. membranous, Rays im a
single row. Seeds of Rays with 3 wings; of Disc with one short one. p. 206.

448. MATRICARIA. Cal. tiled. Phyll. nearly equal. Recept. conico-cylindrical.
Rays in one row. Seeds angular, wingless, crowned. L. finely divided. Rays white.
Dise yellow. Bitter, aromatic Herbs. p. 206.

Tribe V. SENECIONIDEZ.

454. DORONICUM. Cal. hemispherical, of linear, acuminate, nearly equal phyllaries.
Recept. convex. Rays in 1 row. Seed furrowed, without beak or wing: those of the Ray
without a crest. Crest of those of Disc whitish. L., or their ultimate divisions, heart-shaped.
Fi. large, yellow. p. 207.

455. ARONICUM. Cal. hemispherical, of linear, acuminate, nearly equal phyllaries. Rays
in one row. Seed oblongo-turbinate, furrowed, without beak or wing; all crested. p. 207.

456. ARNICA. Cal. hemispherical, of equal, lineari-lanceolate phyllaries. Rays in one row.
Seed barrelled, somewhat ribbed, slightly hairy; all crested. 1. large, yellow. jp. 207.

457. SENECIO. Cal. of 1 row of phyllaries, with accessory scales; tips withered.
Crest of Seeds caducous. This genus is very much determined by habit, as the characters
drawn from the accessory scales sometimes fails. p. 207. .

458. CINERARIA. Cal. somewhat calycled. Phyll. in one row, scariose on the margin.
Recept. flat. Seeds obcompressed. Outer Seeds winged on the margin. p. 211.

459. LIGULARIA. Cal. campanulate. Phyll. in one row. Recept. flat. Branches of
Style in Disc obtuse, pubescent on both sides, terminating in a short cone. Seeds furrowed,
without wing, beak, or fringe. p. 212.

Tribe VI. HUPATORIACE.

460. HOMOGYNE. Cal. cylindrical. Female Fits. few, filiform. Styles of all the Fits.
alike. Seed subcylindrical, suleate. Mountain Perennials. L. stalked, nearly round, mostly
- radical. p. 212.

461. PETASITES. Subdiccious. The Male Heads have 3-5 female, filiform Flts., and
the Fl. of the Disc produce no seeds. The Female Heads have several rows of filiform female
Fits., and only 4 or 5 male in the disc. Seed cylindrical. L. after the I., radical, stalked,
broad. Scape scaly, supporting a Thyrsus. yp. 212.

462. NARDOSMIA. Subdicecious. Male Heads with one row of ligulate Flts., not
exceeding calyx, and many barren ones in the disc. Female Heads with several rows of minute
ligulate female Fits., and 1 to 5 male in the disc. Seeds nearly terete, hairless. L. stalked,
cordate. Scape scaly, supporting a fastigiate Thyrsus. p. 212.

463. TUSSILAGO. Rays in several rows, ligulate, female, far exceeding calyx. Fits.
of the Disc few, male. LBristles of the Crest very slender. L. broad cordate, coming after the
solitary Fl. Root creeping. p. 212.

464. ADENOSTYLIS. Fits. all alike, tubuloso-campanulate. Branches of Style papil-
lose. Seed nearly terete, striate. JMJountain Perennials. L. alternate, stalked, reniform. FI.
wn a leafless corymb. yp. 212.

465. HUPATORIUM. Fits. funnel-shaped, all alike. Anthers included. Branches of the
Style exsert, cylindrical, obtuse. Seed striate or angular. Hairs of Crest rough, in one row.
L. opposite. Fl. many, small, in a terminal corymb. p. 212.

GENERA. Ixxi

Order III. DISCOIDEZ.

The Tribes are :—
1. Arremistez. Crest 0 or a short crown. Gen. 450, 466-470.
2. GNAPHALIB&. Crest of hairs or bristles. Gen. 4771-447.

Tribe I. ARTLMISTEL A.

466. COTULA. Recept. papillose, not chaffy. Female Fits. without petals. Fits. of
Disc 4-cleft. Seeds obcompressed, bordered ; those of the Rays stalked. p. 218.

467. ARTEMISIA. Cal. ovoid or nearly globose. Phyl. tiled, skinny, converging.
Recept. not chaffy. One row of tridentate external Fits. Anthers not tailed. Seeds with a
minute disc, without a beak. Aromatic and very bitter plants. L. divided, except in A.
cerulescens. p. 218.

450. TANACHETUM. Cal. tiled, campanulate. Recept. convex. Rays 0; but there is a
single row of tridentate, tubular fertile Fits. Seed angular, terminating in a large disc. Crest
asmall 5-lobed crown. Bitter, aromatic Herbs, with pinnate L. p. 206.

This Genus has been erroneously placed, and numbered, in the description of the species,
among the Anthemidee.

468. CARPESIUM. (Cal. tiled, hemispherical. Outer Phyll. spreading. Several outer
rows of fertile Fits. Recept. not chafly. Anthers tailed. Seed not beaked. Hadzt of Bidens.
p. 215.

469. MICROPUS. Phyll. as many as there are fertile Flts., enveloping the Fr. Fits. of
Dise barren. . Anthers tailed. Hadit of Filago. p. 215.

470. EVAX. ‘Phyl. scariose, oval, close. Fits. of Disc barren. Fertile Fits. slender, in
many series, with intermediate chaff, which does not extend to the disc. Seeds without beak or
crest. FV. among rosettes of L. p. 215.

Tribe Il. GNAPHALIE ZA.

471. FILAGO. Phyll. gradually passing into chaff of receptacle; outer woolly at back;
immer scariose. Recept. filiform. Outer Fits. fertile, filiform ; those of the Disc 4-cleft, complete.
Anthers tailed. Seed terete. Crest in central Fits. of filiform sete; of outer different or
wanting. p. 216.

472. GNAPHALIUM. Cal. ovoid. Phyll. tiled, somewhat pellucid. Recept. flat, quite
naked. Rays filiform. Anthers with 2 awns at base. Seeds nearly terete. Crest one row of
filiform bristles. Herbage cottony. Stem round. L. quite entire. yp. 217.

473. HELICHRYSUM. Phyll. tiled, skinny; the inner coloured, flower-like! Rays
fertile, n one row. Recept. flat, not chaffy. Seed beakless with a terminal areole. Crest of
rough bristles. p. 217.

474. CONYZA. Phyl. nearly in one row, linear, acuminate, Recept. flat. Outer Fits.
numerous, filiform, in many rows; those of Disc few. Seed compressed, attenuate. Crest of
1 row, of nearly smooth bristles. p. 218.

Order IV. CYNAREZ. |
The Tribes are :—
1. Ecutnopsiprx. Fl. each with a separate tiled calyx! Gen. 475.
2. CARDUINER. Fits. all complete. Phyll. not expanded at the top. Recept. fimbrillose
(except sometimes in Onopordon.) Gen. 476-488.

3. ae Fits. all complete. Phyll. expanded at the top. Recept. fimbrillose. Gen.
489-496. ee

ixxil GENERA.

4,-CENTAURE#. Outer Fits. neuter. Gen. 497-501.
5. XERANTHEMES. Outer Fits. with Styles only. Gen. 502.

Tribe I. HCHINOPSIDEA.

475. ECHINOPS. fFits., each with a tiled calyx, united into a globular head; the upper
earliest. Phyll. few, reflexed. Outer Scales of partial calyx filiform ; middle somewhat spatu-
late ; imner linear, acuminate, keeled. Crest very short, of numerous rough scales united at
base into a cup. p. 218.

Tribe Il. CARDUINEZ.

476. BERARDIA. Phyll. in many rows, linear, subulate at top, unarmed. Recept.
honeycombed ; edges somewhat fringed. Stigmas short, diverging, obtuse. Shafts of Crest
undivided, strong, numerous, hairy, persistent. p. 219.

477. SERRATULA. Phyll. tiled: outer somewhat mucronate; inner longer, skinny on
margin. Recept. fimbrilled. Anthers with an obtuse appendage. Stigmas diverging. Seed
smooth, with an oblique scar. Crest of numerous, simple, rough, unequal hairs. Perennial,
upright plants. Fl. in a terminal panicle. p. 219.

478. SAUSSUREA. Phyll. tiled, unarmed. Recept. fimbrilled. Anthers with a long
appendage at top, and 2 bristles at base. Shafts of Crest undivided, feathery, of equal length.
p. 219.

479. STASHELINA. Phyll. tiled, closely adpressed, unarmed, coloured at top. Recept.
flat, chaffy. Anthers with a long appendage at top and 2 bristles at the base. Stigmas united.
Shafts of Crests branched, quite naked. p. 219.

480. ARCTIUM. Phyll. ending in-a hooked awn. Recept. fimbrilled. Anthers with
filiform tips and subulate tails. Stigmas free. Crest caducous, of many, unequal, rough hairs,
not united into aring. p. 219.

481. CARDUUS. Midrib of Phyl. prolonged into a simple awn. Recept. fimbrilled.
Anthers without tails. Stigmas united. Crest of many rough hairs, united into a conspicuous,
separable ring. Seed with a small basal, and large terminal scar. J C. leucographus the shafts
are very nearly smooth. Herbaceous, spinous plants. p. 220.

482. CIRSIUM. Midrib of Phyll. prolonged into a simple awn. _Recept. fimbrilled. An-
thers without tails. Stigmas united. Crest feathery. Covering of Seed membranous, united
inaring. Habit of Carduus. p. 222.

483. CHAMASPHRUCE. Phyll. in many rows, ending in a simple spine. Tails of An-
thers long and jagged! Stigmas nearly united. Seed with a hard bark, obovate, straight. Crest
feathery. p. 227.

484, NOTOBASIS. Cal. surrounded with pinnatipartite bracts. Phyll. in many rows,
ending in a 3-edged spine. Seeds of central Fits. compressed, almost horny; attachment oblique.
Marginal Fits. abortive. Crest feathery. p. 227.

485. PICNOMON. Cal. surrounded with leafy bracts. Phyll. ending in a pinnato-spinu-
lose appendage ; innermost without an appendage. Stigmas free at top. Nect. with 5 rays.
Crest feathery (on a 5-angled ring, DC.). p. 228.

486. ONOPORDON. Phyll. ending in a simple spine, not connected with a midmib.
Recept. deeply pitted. Kdges of the Pits sinuato-dentate. Anthers with a linear appendage
and short tails. Stigmas nearly concrete. Scales of Crest almost feathery, ciliate, united into a
horny ring. Large, hard, spinous, hoary plants. p. 228.

487. CYNARA. Phyll. ending in a simple spine not connected with a midrib. Recept.
fimbrillose. Div. of Cor. very unequal. Appendage of Anthers very blunt. ‘Tails short and
bearded. Scar of Seed broad. Crest deciduous, adhering to a ring. Shafts simple. p. 228.

488. ATRACTYLIS. Outer Phyll. spinous on the edge; inner entire. Chaff of Recept.

GENERA. Ixxili

multifid. Anthers with tips and bearded tails. Stigmas nearly concrete. Shafts of Crest
branched, feathery. p. 228.

Tribe III. CARLINE A.

489. KENTROPHYLLUM. Outer Phyll. ribbed, spinous at the edge; inner with a
broad, dentate appendage. Fil. with a tuft of hairs in the middle. Stigmas concrete. Crest
of ciliate chaff, more or less deficient to outer Fits. Outer Shafts short and blunt ; inner lanceo-
late, acute. p. 228.

490. CARDOPATIUM. Cal. cylindrical. Outer Phyll. with a spinous margin, produced.
at top into a subulate, somewhat recurved, spinous appendage; inner subscariose, spinescent and
denticulate at top. Fits. about 8, palmato-quinquefid, gibbous at base. Til. smooth. Tails of
the Anthers with reversed hairs. Crest of 8-10 unequal pales. p. 228.

491. CARDUNCELLUS. Outer Phyll. ribbed, spimous at the edge ; inner with a broad,
dentate appendage; innermost nearly simple. Fil. with a ring of hairs in the middle. Stigmas
almost concrete. Shafts of Crest all long and hair-like. J C. monspeliensium the shafts are
feathered. p. 229.

492. CARTHAMUS. Outer Phyll. ribbed, spinous at the edge; inner with a broad, den-
tate appendage. Stigmas nearly concrete. Crest 0. p. 229.

493. CARLINA. Outer Phyll. ribbed, spmous at the edge; inner with a lanceolate, en-
tire, petal-like appendage. Anthers with feathery tails. Shafts of Crest branched, feathery,
deciduous. p. 229.

494, SILYBUM. Outer Phyll. with a palmato-spinous appendage, and ending in a long
spine ; inner simple, not expanded at the top. Cor. somewhat ringent. Upper Areole of Seed
a horny ring, bearing a deciduous crest of ciliate shafts. p. 280.

495. RHAPONTICUM. All Phyll. expanded, unarmed. Shafts of Crest rough, drown,
rigid, not feathered. p. 230.

496. LHUZEA. All Phyll. expanded, unarmed. Fimbrils of Recept. linear. Areole of
Base of Seed somewhat oblique. Shafts white, soft, feathered. Seeds conical. p. 230.

Tribe IV. CHENTAURIEA.

497. CNICUS. Phyll. close, ending ma long, pinnate spine. Barren rays about equal to
Fits. of disc. Seed regularly striate, with a broad, lateral areole. Shafts of Crest quite smooth ;
inner short. p. 280.

498. MICROLONCHUS. Phyll. close, ending in a simple point or awn. Rays some-
what larger than Fits. of disc. Chaff capillary. Seed with a lateral, horny areole at base. Crest
double ; the inner combined into a broad unilateral pale. p. 230.

499. CRUPINA. Phyll. close, acute, quite entire, unarmed, not enlarged at top. Rays
large. Seeds with an areole at base. Chaff narrow lanceolate, acuminate. Crest of the outer
Seeds hardly any; of the imner of very short and very numerous outer shafts; immer much
longer than seed; all very rough and sharp. p. 230.

500. CENTAUREA. Phyll. closely tiled, expanded at top. Rays large (wanting in C.
nigra). Seeds compressed, with a lateral or oblique scar. Crest of numerous, rough, not feathery
shafts, generally shorter than seed. p. 230.

501. GALACTITEHS. Phyll. numerous, spinose, closely tiled. Recept. with a few, fine,
deciduous fimbrils. Rays large, somewhat ringent. Appendage of Anthers slightly hooked.
Tails none. Stigmas concrete. Areole direct. Shafts of Crest feathery, united in a separable
ring. p. 235.

Z

lxxiv GENERA.

Tribe V. XERANTHEMLS.

502. XERANTHEMUM. Discoid. Outer Row of 2-8-cleft styliferous but unproduc-
tive Flts. Phyll. free, tiled. Recept. chaffy. Seeds top-shaped. Crest of 5-7 awns to Fits.
of disc. p, 235.

Order V. CALENDULACEZE.

5038. CALENDULA. Fits. of Ray ligulate, fertile; of Disc barren. Recept. naked.
Stigma of radiant Fits. deeply divided; of Disc nearly entire. Seeds beaked. Crest none. p. 235.

XX. GYNANDRIA.

I. MONANDRIA. OnrcHIDE2.

Tn this Order the Cells of the Anther are so detached as to give the appearance of two An-
thers. Flowers ringent. Outer circle of 3 sepals; inner of 2 petals and a nectary, which, ex-
cept in Herminiwm and Malazis, differs materially in form from the petals.

A. Masses of Pollen divided into grains connected by an elastic substance.
i. Nectary with a spur.

758. LIMODORUM. Label of Nect. undivided. Anther terminal, free. Plant purplish-
brown, without L. oot a bundle of fleshy fibres. p. 349.

759. HPIPOGIUM. Masses of Pollen ending ima solid, subulate pot. Column hollowed
in front, dilated upwards. Spur inflated. Germen not twisted. Scales sheathing ; no L. Root
branched, fleshy. p. 349.

760. ORCHIS. Masses of Pollen rounded at end, placed in two, distinct, vertical cells.
Spur not inflated. Germen twisted. Zuders 2, rounded or palmate. p. 349.

ii. No posterior Bag or Spur to the Nectary.

761. ACERAS. Masses of Pollen connected under one hood. Label flat. Sep. converging.
Tubers of Root undivided. p. 3538.

762. OPHRYS. Label convex; of 2 or 4 lobes, often not very distinct, and a small cen-
tral divison, sometimes wanting. Cal. spreading (except in O. alpina). Tubers of Root rounded.
p. 353.

763. SERAPIAS. Label with a callus at base; middle Segm. largest, acute, flat; lateral
erect. Sep. and Pet. erect, acuminate. Tuders rounded. p. 355.

767. HERMINIUM. Pet. 3-lobed, acute, nearly resembling the obtusely keeled nec-
tary. Second Tuber distant. p. 355.

B. Pollen powdery.
i. No Bag or Spur to the Nectary.
764. GOODYERA. Nect. hollowed at the base. Sep. spreading. Pet. convergent.
Column without wings. JV. spirally disposed. Root creeping. jp. 355.

765. SPIRANTHES.: Label channeled. Base embraced by the converging calyx. Pet.
porrect. Column without wings. Zubers elongated, often more than two. p. 355.

766. NEOTTIA. Nect. somewhat hollowed at base, 2-lobed. Beak of Stigma entire,
without an appendage. Perianth forming a hood. Plant brown, leafless. Root of numerous
fleshy fibres or tubers. p. 355.

768. LISTERA. Label flat. Cal. and Pet. hardly spreading, nearly similar. Anther
sessile. Column without wings. Root a bundle of somewhat fleshy fibres. p. 355.

GENERA. 1AXV

769. EPIPACTIS. Nect. deeply hollowed at base, contracted in the middle; the upper
part undivided. Anther terminal. Root somewhat creeping, with fleshy fibres. p. 355.

C. Pollen at last wary ; im four masses,
770. CORALLORHIZA. Lower Sep. united at base with the nectary. Nect. 3-lobed ;
lateral Lobes small; middle with 2 prominent ridges at base. Root much branched, fleshy.
p. 356.

771. LIPARIS. Sep. free. Nect. channeled, sessile at base of column, entire, much
broader than the sepals. Anther a deciduous lid. Base of Stem somewhat bulbous. Root
fibrous. p. 356.

772. MALAXIS. Sep. free. Nect. embracing base of column, entire, resembling the
sepals. Anther sessile, terminal, persistent. Germen not twisted. Base of Stem often some-
what bulbous. p. 356.

II. DIANDRIA. OrcuipEes.
773. CYPRIPEDIUM. Nect. inflated. Column with a terminal dilated appendage
(apice trifidum, Kocn). Cal. and Pet. spreading. (Germen not twisted, Kocu.) p. 356.
Ill. HEXANDRIA. ArtsronocHia.

711. ARISTOLOCHIA. Cal. of 1 L., superior, bellying at base. Cor. 0. Stigma with
6 lobes. Caps. with 6 cells and many seeds. L. alternate, deeply cordate. p. 324.

XXI. MONCGCIA.

Sprengel forms the first order of Monecia, of plants which have the barren and fertile flowers
on the same receptacle. This arrangement has some advantages, as the number of stamens is often
uncertain ; but it is not always clear whether the flowers should be considered as growing on a
common receptacle, or merely as forming a spike. He includes in it Calla, Arum, Hriocaulon,
Ficus, and Euphorbia.

I. MONANDRIA.

718. HUPHORBIA. Fl. without Cal. or Cor., the barren surrownding a fertile one on a
stalked germen ; the whole included in a common involucrum. Styles 8, cloven. Caps. 3-
hunched. Plants abounding in a milky juice. L. scattered, undivided. WUPHORBIACES.
p. 325.

709. CYNOMORIUM. Barren and Fertile Fl. in a common amentum. Scales peltate,
with chaff intermixed. Barren. Cal. embracing the base of the single stamen. Fertile. Germen
crowned with a one-sided scale. Style 1. Stigma hemispherical. Seed 1, roundish. 4 fleshy,
parasitic, leafless, purplish-brown plant. BALANOPHORER. p. 328.

752. ZANNICHELLIA. Barren Ff. without Cal. or Cor. Fertile solitary; Cal. of 1
L.; no Cor. Germens from 2 to 6, each with a stalked seed ina sessile capsule. Floating or
submersed, with linear, entire L. PoraMEem. p. 348.

753. NAIAS. Barren. Anther in a bi-tricuspidate sheath. Fertie. Sheath as in the barren
Fl. Style short, subulate. Stigmas 2or 3. Fr. one-seeded. Aquatic plants. L. opposite or
in threes. POTAME®. p. 348.

Ii. TRIANDRIA.

824. SPARGANIUM. Catkins globose. Cal. of 3 or 4 scales. Cor.0. Fertile Fl. in
the lower catkins. Style simple, acute. Drupe dry, operculate, with 1 or 2 seeds. Smooth
aquatic plants, with a solid, leafy, zigzag stem. 'TYpHAcEx. p. 379.

823. TYPHA. Fl. in a dense, soft catkmm, in two parts; the upper barren. Cal. 0.
Cor. 0. Recept. hairy or scaly. Anthers 2-4 on a common filament. Style capillary. Seed
12

Ixxvi GENERA.

solitary, ovate, with capillary bristles attached to its stalk. Aquatic, upright herbs. L. linear,
erect, entire, smooth ; none on the upper part of the stem. TYPHACE®. p. 379.

834. ELYNA. Scales tiled, each covering a spikelet of 2 Fits. Lower Fit. fertile, fur-
nished with a glume, of which the margins are united at the base; upper barren. Habit of
Carex. CYPERACER. p. 383.

835. KOBRESIA. Scales tiled; the lower covering aspikelet of 1 fertile Fit., or one fertile
and one barren or neuter; the upper with barren Fits. only. Habit of Carex. CypERAcEa&. p. 383.

836. CAREX. Catkin imbricate. Cal. a simple scale. Perigone of barren Fl. 0; of fer-
tile Fl. of one L., persistent, enclosing the seed like a seed-vessel. Grass-like Herbs, with creep-
ing or tufted roots. CYPERACE&. p. 384.

854. COIX. Fi. glumaceous: darren uppermost, in spikes; fertile nearly solitary. Invo-
lucrum becoming hard, enclosing the seed. Style cloven. Gramina. p. 398.

III. TETRANDRIA.

679. LITTORELLA. Barren Fl. stalked; Cal. 4-leaved; Cor. 4-cleft; Sta. capillary,
very long. Fertile I. sessile; Cal. 0; Cor. 3-4-cleft ; Style simple, very long. Nut rugose,
of one cell and one seed. Small, stemless Herbs, with linear L. PLANTAGINER. p. 309.

716. BUXUS. Barren Fl. containing rudiment of a germen; Cal. 3-leaved; Pet. 2. Fertile
Fl. superior ; Cal. 4-leaved ; Pet. 3 ; Styles 3. Caps. with 3 beaks and 3 cells. Evergreen Shrubs,
with rigid, smooth, opposite, quite entire L. Fl. clustered, axillary. KUPHORBIACER. p. 325.

720. URTICA. Barren. Cal. 4-leaved; Pet. 0; Nect. central, cup-shaped. Fertile.
Cal. 2-leaved; Pet. 0; Stigma sessile, brush-like. Seed 1, superior, polished. Stinging Herbs,
with opposite undivided L. Fl. green. Unvicra. p. 330.

733. ALNUS. Catkins separate. Cal. a simple permanent scale. Barren Fl. Scale 3-
flowered; Cor. 4-parted. Fertile. Scale 2-flowered; Cor. 0; Styles 2. Nut compressed,
without wings. Trees, or Shrubs, with alternate, stalked L., and twin, deciduous stipules.
AMENTACED. p. 842.

749. ERIOCAULON. Common Cal. imbricate, many-flowered. Barren Fl. in the mid-
dle. Cor. 4—6-parted. Sta. (in the European species) 4. Fertile Fl.in the circumference.
Pet. 4. Style 1. Caps. superior, 2—3-celled. Seeds solitary. Aquatic plants. L. from root,
channeled. Scape erect. WRIOCAULER. p. 346.

694. HUROTIA. Barren Fl. Sta. inserted at the bottom of a 4-parted calyx. Fertile.
Cal. tubuloso-urceolate, bidentate. Seed 1, in a very thin covering. Embryo in the circumference.
CHENOPODIE. p. 315.

IV. PENTANDRIA.
504. XANTHIUM. Barren. Invol. of many L. and many FIl.; Recept. chaffy; Cor. tu-

bular. fertile. Invol. of 1 L., prickly, divided into 2 one-flowered cells; Cor. 0. Seeds
covered with the hardened involucrum. Axnuals. L. alternate. Composite. p. 236.

505. AMBROSIA. Barren. Invol. of 1 L., many-flowered ; Cor. funnel-shaped. Fertz/e.
Invol. 1-flowered; L. hardening on seed, and forming a nut-like fruit. Aromatic. Lower L.
opposite ; upper alternate, pinnatifid. Composirm. p. 236.

682. AMARANTHUS. Cal. of 3-5 L. Cor. 0. Barren. Sta. 3-5. Fertile. Styles
2-8. Caps. cireumsciss, of one cell and 1 seed, with 3 beaks. L. stalked, alternate, undi-
vided. AMARANTHACER. p. dll.

248. BRYONIA. Cal. 5-cleft. Cor. 5-cleft. Barren. Anthers in 2 pairs, and a
single one. ertz/e. Style 3-cleft. Berry 3-celled; skin thin. Herbaceous Climbers, with
simple tendrils, and stalked, alternate, lobed L. Cucursirackea&. p. 129.

,

GENERA, Ixxvil

244. MOMORDICA. Cal. 5-cleft. Cor. 5-cleft, on the calyx. Barren. Anthers in 2
pairs and a single one. Fertile. Style trifid; Stigmas cloven. F'r. 3-celled, elastic, squirting
the seeds from its base! A perennial plant. LL. cordate, alternate; no tendrils. CucuRBI-
TACEH. p. 129.

245. CUCUMIS. Cal. 5-cleft. Cor. 5-cleft. Barren. Anthers in 2 pairs and a single
one. Fertile. Stigmas 8, thick, bipartite. Fr. 3-celled, with a thick, fleshy coat. Seeds ovate ;
margin acute. dnunuals, with lobed, alternate L. and simple tendrils. CUCURBITACER. p. 129.

V. POLYANDRIA; 7. ¢., witrH 8 OR MORE STAMENS.
A. Flowers solitary. CBhRATOPHYLLEA.
235. CERATOPHYLLUM. Cal. many-cleft. Cor.0. Barren. Sta. 16-20. Fertile.
Stigma nearly sessile, oblique. “Drupe compressed. Nut solitary. Branched, floating Herbs,
with whorled, forked L., and axillary sessile Fl. p. 127.

B. Barren and Fertile Fl. in a spadiz, and included in a common sheath. AROIDER.

[In the plants of this section there is nothing to determine whether each anther constitutes a
barren flower, or whether they all form parts of one flower. The flowers being on a common
spadix, and included in a common sheath, will, however, distinguish them from all monandrous
genera of this order, except Zostera, where the anthers and germens are placed alternately along
the linear spadix. |

819. ARUM. Fl. ina spadix, naked above, enclosed in a sheathing L. Cor. 0. Barren
Fl. surrounding the spadix above the fertile. Fertzle. Style 0. Berry with several seeds. Simooth,
stemless Herbs, acrid when fresh. p. 378.

820. CALGA. Spadix covered with barren and fertile Fl. intermixed. Berry of many
cells and many seeds. An aquatic plant, with much the habit of Arum. p.378.

822. AMBROSINIA. Sheath of 1 L., divided by the spadix into two cells. Anthers
sessile at the top of the posterior cell. - Style simple at the base of the anterior cell. p. 378.

CG. Barren and Fertile Fl. in the same panicle, spike, or head, but not included in a common
sheath.
232. MYRIOPHYLLUM. Sep.4. Pet.4. Barren Fl. Sta. 8. Fertile below the
barren. Stigmas 4, sessile. Drupes4. Nuts solitary. Aquatic Herbs, with whorled, pinna-
tifid L. Fl. in spikes, sometimes leafy. WatoracEx. p. 126.

217. POTERIUM. Cal. 3-leaved. Cor. deeply 4-cleft. Barren. Sta. 13-20. Fertile.
Pistils 1 or 2. Nut coated, of 1 or 2 cells. L. pinnate. Fl. in terminal spikes or heads.
Rosacesz. p. 121.

697. THELYGONUM. Fi. axillary.. Cal. cloven. Pet. 0. Barren. Sta. 12-19.
Fertile. Style 1. Caps. globose, 1-seeded. CHENOPODIE®X. p. 317.

745. SAGITTARIA. Cal. 3-leaved. Pet.3. Barren Fl. Sta. about 24. Fertile, in
the lower part of the same panicle. Pet. numerous. Seeds many, bordered. rect Aquatics,
without stems. Primary L. linear ; others arrow-shaped. Fl. handsome. AUISMACER.
p- 345.

D. Barren Fl. in a spike or catkin, quite separate from the fertiie. AMENTACER.

726. FAGUS. Barren Fl. Cal. 5-cleft. Cor. 0. Sta. 8-20. Fertile. Invol. 4-lobed,
muricate, 2—3-flowered. Cal. superior, 5—6-cleft. Cor. 0. Styles 5-6. Nuts 2 or 3, in-
vested with the spreading, fruit-like involucrum. Large Trees, with stalked, alternate, undi-
vided L. Fl. axillary: p. 382.

727. QUERCUS. Barren Fl. Cal. about 5-cleft; Cor. 0.; Sta. 5-10. Fertile..Invol.
scaly, undivided ; Cal. superior, 5—6-cleft; Cor. 0; Style 1. Nut solitary, coriaceous, closely
invested at its base with the solid, scaly, hemispherical involucrum. Trees, or Shrubs, with
stalked, alternate, sinuate L. p. 382.

Ixxvili GENERA.

728. CORYLUS. Barren Fi. Calyx a 3-cleft scale. Cor. 0. Sta. 8. Fertile. Cal.
superior, obsolete. Cor. 0. Styles 2. Nut solitary, covered at base with the coriaceous, jagged,
calyx-like involucrum. Small Trees, or Shrubs. L. alternate, somewhat round, stalked, ser-
rate, deciduous. p. 338.

729. CARPINUS. Barren Fl. Calyx the rounded scale of a lengthened catkin. Sta. 10
or more. Fertile. Invol. of several scales; the outer deciduous. Cal. superior, in 3 deep,
acute segments, permanent. Cor. 0. Styles 2. Nut ovate, angular. Trees, with stalked, al-
ternate, plaited, serrate, deciduous L. p. 338.

732. BETULA. Barren Fl. Sta. 10-12, inserted on the ternate scales of a lengthened
catkin; Cor. 0. Fertile. Cal. a peltate, 3-lobed, 3-flowered scale; Styles 2. Nut winged.
Trees, or Shrubs, with round, slender branches, and scattered, deciduous L. p. 342.

734. PLATANUS. Catkins globose, scaly. Barren Fl. No Cal. or Cor. Sta. nume-
rous. Fil. very short, thickened at top. ertzle. Scales clavate; Style simple. Nut club-
like, mucronate. Large Trees, with palmate L. p. 342.

VI. MONADELPHIA.
A. Barren Fl. in an amentum. CONIFERS.

739. PINUS. Barren Fl. Anthers of 2 separate cells, on the under side of the scale-like
connective. Many modern writers consider what is here called a Connective as the scale of a
secondary catkin, and the cells as separate anthers. In this view, Pinus would be diandrous ;
Cupressus and Thuja tetrandrous. p. 343.

B. Barren as well as fertile Fl. separate.

710. CYTINUS. Barren Fl. Cal. 0; Cor. campanulate, 4-cleft ; Sta. 8, sessile round
the top of the column. Fertile. Cal. 0; Cor. campanulate, 4-cleft ; Stigma capitate, with 8
furrows. Berry with 8 cells, 8 parietal placentas, and many seeds. Parasztic. No L. CyTINEm.
p. 324.

714. CROTON. Barren Fl. Cal. 5-parted; Cor. 5-petalled; Sta. 15. Fertile. Cal.
5-leaved ; Cor. 0; Styles 3. Caps. 3-hunched, 3-seeded. The filaments are said to be some-
times all separate. In this case the three-hunched capsule will readily distinguish the plant.
EUPHORBIACER. p. 825.

715. RICINUS. Barren Fl. Cal. 5-parted; Cor. 0; Fil. numerous, branched. Fertile.
Cal. 3-parted; Cor. 0; Style trifid. Caps. 3-hunched, 3-seeded. HupHorBiacea. p. 325.

717. ANDRACHNE. Cal. 5-parted. Barren Fl. Pet. 5; Sta.5, attached to rudiment
of style. Fertile. Cor. 0; Styles 3. Caps. of 3 two-seeded hunches. Hurnorpraces.

p- 325.

XXII. DIGICIA.

I, MONANDRIA. Poramene.

756. PHUCAGROSTIS. NoCal. or Cor. Barren Fl. Vil. naked, thread-like; An-
thers with 4 cells and 4 cusps. ertle. Style thread-like; Stigma long, cloven. Germens.
2, compressed. Seeds 2. Habit much like that of Zostera. p. 349.

II. DIANDRIA.

730. SALIX. Catkin imbricate. Cal. ascale. Cor. 0. Nect.1 or more glands at the
base. Barren Fl. Sta. 1-5, generally 2. Fertile. Stigmas 2. Caps. superior, of 1 cell and
Qvalves. Trees, or Shrubs, with stalked, undivided, generally alternate L., and round, flerrble
branches. AMENTACER. p. 333.

743. VALLISNERIA. Barren Fl. Sheath many-flowered ; Spadix covered with small

GENERA. Ixxix

sessile flowers, which detach themselves and float upon the surface; Cor. 3-parted. Fertile
Fl. on a long spiral stalk ; Sheath 1-flowered; Cal. 3-parted, superior; Cor. of 3 petals.
Caps. with 1 cell and many seeds. Floating plants, with long linear L. WyDROCHARIDES,
p 345.

III. TRIANDRIA.

742. UDORA. Cal. 3-parted. Pet. 3. Fertile FH. Styles 3, cloven; Stigmas long, fea-
thery. Fr. of 1 cell and few seeds. Aquatic plants, with long serrulate L. HYDROCHARIDER.
p. 345.

790. RUSCUS. Cal. of 6L. Pet. 0. Nect. ovate, tubular. Barren F7. Sta. on top of
anectary. ertde. Style 1. Berry superior, of 3 cells. Seeds in pairs. Riged evergreen
plants. L. quite entire, continuous with stem. 1. on the L. ASPARAGER. p. 363.

713. EMPETRUM. Cal. 3-parted. Pet.3. Barren Fi. Sta. 3-9, capillary. Lerti/e.
Stigmas 9. Berry superior. Seeds 9. A low, evergreen Shrub. L. lineari-oblong, revo-
lute. Fl. axillary. EMPETRER. p. 324.

723. FICUS. Fi. on the inside of a hollow, fleshy receptacle. Barren I7. Cal. 3-parted.
_ Fertile. Cal. 5-cleft; Style lateral. Seeds imbedded in the receptacle. JIhlhy Trees, with
rough, lobed L. Unvicrs. p. 331.

IV. TETRANDRIA. ;

708. HIPPOPHAE. Barren Fl. Sep. 2; Cor. 0; Anthers on the base of the calyx.
Fertile. Cal. inferior, tubular, bidentate; Cor. 0. Berry with one seed, which is covered
with a double membrane. 4 thorny Shrub. L. scaly, quite entire. Fl. from the same buds,
below the L. ELmAaGNED. p. 823.

360. VISCUM. Barren Fl. Cal. 0; Pet. 4, calyx-like, combined at base; Anthers
sessile on the petals. Fertile. Cal. superior, forming a slight border; Pet. 4; Style 0.
Berry with 1 seed. Smooth parasitical Shrubs. Stem dichotomous. LL. opposite or none,
of a yellowish green, quite entire. LORANTHACER. p. 162.

735. MYRICA. Fl. in Catkins. Cal. a concave scale. Cor. 0. Fertile Fl. Styles 2.
Berry superior, with 1 globular seed. Ax aromatic Shrub, with scattered, undiwided, serrate
L. Catkins axillary, AMENTACER. p. 342,

V. PENTANDRIA.
722. HUMULUS. Barren Fl. panicled; Cal. 5-parted; Cor.0. Fertile Fl. in a catkin ;

Cal. an oblique, undivided scale; Calyx-scales 1-flowered, at last covered by the enlarged bracts ;
Styles 2, filiform. Seed 1. Chmbing plants, with rough, divided L. Unticns®. p. 331.

159. PISTACIA. Barren Fl. Raceme catkin-like; Cal. 5-cleft; Cor. 0. Fertile.
Cal. 3-4-cleft; Cor. 0; Styles 3. Drupe dry. Seed usually 1. Shrubs, with alternate, pin-
nate L, TEREBINTHACES. p. 74.

164. CHRATONIA. Cal. 5-parted. Cor. 0. Barren Fil. Fil. 5 or 6, very long,
inserted under the margin of an hypogynous disc. Ferti/e. Style filiform. Legume quadran-
gular, coriaceous. Seeds imbedded. 4 large Tree, with fertile flowers on the trunk. L. pin-
nate. LeGuMINoS&. Lomentace® of Linn. p. 75.

VI. HEXANDRIA. AsparacEa.

791. SMILAX. Sep. 6, corolla-like. Cor. 0. Barren Fl. Stamens on the base of the
sepals. Fertile. Style very short; Stigmas 3. Berry superior. Seeds 1-3. Climbing,
prickly plants. p. 363.

792. TAMUS. Cal. 6-parted. Cor. 0. Barren Fl. Sta. on the base of divisions of the
calyx. fertile. Style trifid; Stigmas flat, cloven. Berry inferior, 3-celled. Seeds in pairs.
Smooth, herbaceous, climbing plants. L. alternate, cordate at base. p. 368.

lxxx GENERA.

VII. OCTANDRIA.

731. POPULUS. Catkin cylindrical. Cal. a lacerated scale. Cor. top-shaped, oblique,
undivided. Fertile F7. Stigmas 4 or 8. Caps. superior, of 1 cell and 2 valves. Seeds crested.
Trees, with gummy buds. Stip. in pairs. L.-stalk compressed laterally. AMENTACE®.
p. 341.

531. DIOSPYRUS. Cal. and Cor. each 4—6-cleft. Sta. on base of corolla. Berry of
8-12 cells and as many seeds. Some of the Fl. are complete. A Tree, with alternate, undivided
L. EBENACER. p. 244.

259. RHODIOLA. Cal. in 4, deep segments. Pet. 4. Nect. 4, notched. Fertile I.
Pistils 4. Caps. 4, many-seeded. L. fleshy, but flat. Root very thick, above ground. Stem
simple. CRASSULACE®. p. 182.

VIII. ENNEANDRIA.
719. MERCURIALIS. Cal. 3-parted. Cor. 0. Barren Fl. Sta. 9-12; Cells of
Anther 2, globose. Fertile. Styles 2. Caps. 2-hunched, 2-seeded. LL. opposite, stalked, wn-
divided. HKUPHORBIACER. p. 330.

741. HYDROCHARIS. Cal. tripartite. Pet. 3. Barren HF. Inner Fil. beaked.
Fertile. Styles 6. Caps. inferior, of 6 cells and many seeds. Aquatics, with reniform, _
floating L. WyDROCHARIDER. p. 345.

IX. DECANDRIA. Cortariz.
152. CORIARIA. Cal. 5-parted. Pet. 5, very small, gland-like. Fertile. Styles 5.
Caps. 5, l-seeded. A smail Shrub, with opposite, entire L., and the flowers in terminal
racemes. p. 72.

X. MONADELPHIA. Contreras.
736. HPHEDRA. Barren. Catkin few-flowered ; Calyces imbricated, cloven; Cor. 0 ;
Sta. 7. Fertile. Cal. imbricate, the Scales thickening and forming a two-seeded berry ;
Cor. 0; Styles 2. Woody. p. 348.

737. TAXUS. Barren Fl. without calyx or corolla. Anthers of 3-8 cells, on the under side
of a peltate, lobed connective. Fertile Fl. solitary. Cal. cup-shaped, quite entire. Cor. none.
Style 1. Seed solitary, coated by the pulpy calyx, open at top. dx evergreen Tree, with
small linear L. p. 348.

738. JUNIPERUS. Barren Fl. Cal. the scale of a catkin; Cor. none; Sta. 3. Fertile.
Scales few, opposite, finally becoming pulpy and uniting into a berry with 3 seeds. Hvergreen,
aromatic Shrubs, with small sharp L. yp. 343.

XXIII. CRYPTOGAMIA.

Order I. (the only one here introduced). Fitices of Linneus, with the addition of Lyco-

podium. Acotyledonee vasculares, DC. Cryptogamie ductulosa, Bas.

I. CHARACE. Plants with sessile globules (anthers?) and spirally covered seeds.

TI. EQUISETACE. Plants with terminal catkins ; the Scales bearing seed-vessels on the
under surface. Seeds accompanied by spiral threads, ending in dilated appendages,
perhaps serving as anthers.

III. FILICES. Fructification in capsules of one cell, with 2 valves, and splitting into 2
parts, placed on the back or margin of the frond. Jz Botrychium azd Ophioglossum,
the Capsules are not placed at the back, but i a separate. portion of the frond.
Vernation, except in these two genera, circinate.

A. Capsule furnished with an elastic ring.
a. Fruit dorsal.

GENERA. Ixxxi

i. Potyropiex. Clusters of Fruit from a point on the veins, or from a small terminal
disc.

ii. ASPLENIEX. Clusters disposed along the veins.

iii. PrertpEx. Covering of the Fruit dependent on, or connected with, the margin of
the frond.

b. Fruit marginal.
iv. HYMENOPHYLLE®. Fruit in a sort of marginal cup.
B. Capsule without a ring.
v. OsmuNDEX. Vernation circinate. Caps. on the altered extremity of the frond.

vi. OpHIoGLOssEx. Vernation straight! Caps. sessile, on a separate branch of the
frond.

IV. MARSILEACE. Caps. not splitting, placed near the root, and at the base of the L.
V. LYCOPODIACE. Stem leafy. Caps. axillary, splitting. Seeds a fine powder.

I. CHARACEA.

916. CHARA. Anther? lateral, sessile, globose; the cover splittmg into several portions.
Fr. covered with spiral valves, and containing minute ‘granules, which appear at last to unite in a
single seed. Green, aquatic, leafless plants. p. 421.

II, EQUISETACEA.

917. EQUISETUM. Catkin terminal. Scales peltate, bearing Spore-vessels on the under
surface. Spores accompanied by spiral threads. Leafless plants, with a jouted stem and
branches. yp. 422.

III. FILICES.
A. Capsule furnished with an elastic ring.
a. Fruit dorsal.
i. PoLYPODIES.
918. POLYPODIUM. Clusters of Fr. without an indusium. p. 423.

919. POLYSTICHUM. Indusium peltate, attached by its centre. p. 428.
920. LASTRAGA., Indusium reniform, attached in the sinus. p. 423.

921. CYSTHA. Indusium attached by its hooded base under the clusters, with a length-
ened, fringed, free extremity. p. 424.

922. WOODSIA. Clusters with an inferior indusivm divided into capillary segments.
p. 424.
ii. ASPLENIER.
923. GRAMMITIS. Indusium 0. _p. 424.

924. ATHYRIUM. Clusters oblong, curved. Indusium opening towards the central
nerve. p. 424.

925. ASPLENIUM. Clusters oblong, straight. Indusium nearly flat, opening towards
the central nerve or midrib. p. 424.

926. CETERACH. Lateral Veins anastomosing. Indusium a narrow membrane, hardly
distinguishable from the scales, with which the whole back of the frond is covered. p. 425.

927. SCOLOPENDRIUM. Clusters long, in pairs; the Indusia opening towards each
other. p. 425.

928. BLECHNUM. Clusters in a continued line, parallel to the midrib of the pinna.
Pinnee of the fertile Frond much narrower than those of the barren. p. 425.

WH

lxxxii GENERA.

929. WOODWARDIA. Clusters in separate cells along the midrib. Veins somewhat
reticulate at their base. p. 425.

ili. PTeERIDEA.
933. STRUTHIOPTERIS. Clusters on the whole under surface of the fertile Frond,
covered by the involute margin. Barren Frond different. p. 426.

930. ALLLOSORUS. Clusters near the margin of frond, which is rolled in over them.
Indusium 0. Barren and fertile Fronds different. p. 426.

_ 932. NOTHOLAENA. Clusters scattered on the margin and base of the pinnules, par-
tially covered by the rolled-in margin of the frond. Under side covered with chaff-like hairs.
p. 426.

931. CHEILANTHES. Margin of Frond membranous: Clusters covered by its inflexed
portions. Frond, and Venation of its divisions, pimnate. p. 426.

934. PTERIS. Margin of the Frond continuous, membranous, sharply doubled down over
the clusters of fruit. p. 426.

935. ADIANTUM. Clusters on the under side of inflexed membranous portions of the
frond. Venation flabellate! p. 426.

iv. HYMENOPHYLLED.

936. TRICHOMANES. Cup entire. Caps. on a central receptacle, the point of which
extends beyond the cup. p. 426.

937. HYMENOPHYLLUM. Cup of 2 valves. Caps. on a short central receptacle.
p. 426.

B. Capsule without a Ring.
v. OSMUNDEZ.
938. OSMUNDA. Caps. clustered in a branched spike. p. 426.

vi. OPHIOGLOSSEA.

939. BOTRYCHIUM. Caps. distinct, disposed in a compound spike attached to a pin-
nate frond. p. 426.

940. OPHIOGLOSSUM. Caps. connate, disposed in a simple, 2-rowed spike, attached
to an undivided frond. p. 426.
IV. MARSILEACEA.

941. MARSILEA. With creeping Runners, but no true Stem. Fr. 2-6, stalked, on the
base of the L.-stalk. L. quaternate, on long stalks. p. 427.

942. PILULARIA. With creeping Runners, but no true Stem. Fr. solitary, on a short
stalk at the base of the rush-like L. p. 427.

943. SALVINIA. Plant floating. Fr. membranous, clustered on a short downward branch
among the radical fibres. p. 427.

944. ISOETES. Fruit membranous, placed within the concave, dilated base of the L.
Stem 0. p. 427.

V. LYCOPODIACEA.

945. LYCOPODIUM. Fr. of one cell, opening bya transverse fissure. LL. alternate, in
2-4 rows. In some species there is also another form of fruit, with 3 or 4 hunches and as
many large seeds. yp. 427.

Pit
gh)

:
ne
vi ay

EXPLANATION OF PLATE.

PPP D DDD

Fig. 1. Label of Orchis undulatifolia.

Fig. 2 a Orchis Simia.

Fig. 38 Rs Orchis macra, from Eng. Bot.
Fig. 4 » Orchis militaris.

Fig. 5. ze Orchis galeata.

Fig. 6 » Orchis fusca.

Fig. 7 » Orchis fusca, from Eng. Bot.
Fig. 8 a Orchis variegata.

Fig. 9 », Orchis tenoreana.

ioc Ose In,, Orchis longibracteata.

Ju Telhe 3 Orchis ustulata.

ica. Orchis ustulata, from Eng. Bot.

Fig. 13. From a plant found at Albano, which I at one time proposed to call
Orchis puella, but, as I found only one specimen, not in a very good state,
and that has since been destroyed by insects, I have not ventured to introduce

it. In habit it resembled O. wstulata, but was larger, and, except in the form
of the label, not at all allied to O. glodosa.

Fig. 14, Label of Orchis globosa.

Fig. 15. A cordate leaf: a, cordate-prolonged ; 4, cordate-acuminate ; c, cordate-
acute; d, (inner line) cordate-attenuate; e, spatulato-cordate ; / indicates
the stalk of a simply cordate leaf.

Fig. 16. A triangular leaf. Reduced to a a, it becomes deltoid ; to 6 6, rhombic.
Fig. 17. A form terminating at each end in a mathematical right angle.

Fig. 18. Compressed seeds.

Fig. 19. Obcompressed seeds.

—
Fitch, Lith.

Reeve Benham & Reeve imp

DICOTYLEDONES.

THALAMIFLORA.

I. RANUNCULACEA.

Stampns more than 10 (except occasionally in Myosurus and Ceratocephalus).
Germens more than one (except in Delphinium peregrinum, and sometimes in D.
In Mella the seed-vessels are more or less united.

“adnate.

Ajacis). Leaves sheathing at base.

Anthers

The Ranunculacese are divided into the following Tribes :—
1. CLEMATIDE.—Seeds solitary. stivation valvular . : ‘ ; = Genauleves

2. ANEMONEA‘.—Seeds solitary. Estivation imbricate. Petals 5

, without a nec-

tariferous pore at the base 4 4 . Gen. 3-5.
3. RANUNCULE.—Seeds solitary. Metivation Ris Petals with a

nectariferous pore or scale at the base : : . Gen. 6-8.
4. HELLEBOREA.—Seeds several in cach carpel. nthers extrorse . Gen. 9-18.
5. PAONTEA.—Seeds several. Anthers introrse . 3 : : j . Gen. 19-21.

Tribe 1. CLEMATIDE.
1. CLEMATIS.

A. Invol.0. Carpels with feathery tails.

1. integrifolia. Stem erect. LL. ovate
or ovato-lanceolate, quite entire. Stalks 1-
flowered. FI. nodding. p. 6, 7. Morst
meadows. Austr. Carn. Pyr.

2. recta. Stemerect. L. pinnate. Lis.
stalked, ovato-lanceolate, quite entire. p. 5, 6.
Dry lilis. dt. Fr. It. s. e. G,

3. Flammula. Stem climbing. L. bi-
pinnate. Lts. entire and three-lobed. S. 7,
9. Dry hills. Coasts of Mat.

4, Vitalba. Stem climbing, angular. L.
pinnate. Lts. ovato-lanceolate, mciso-dentate,
acuminate, truncato-cordate at base. Pan. not
exceeding L. 8.7. Hedges and thickets.

B. Involucre 0. Tails of Carpels not
bearded.

5. Viticella. Stems climbing. L. com-
pressed. Its. ovate, margin entire. Stalks
solitary, 1-flowered. S. 5-8. Thackets. Trieste
and n. e. It.

C. Involucre of oneL. Carpels with bearded
tails.
6. cirrhosa. Stalks 1-flowered, nodding.
L. somewhat cordate, dentate, simple, or
ternate. &. 9-11. Sic. Cors. Calab. Bari.

7. balearica. Stalks 1-flowered. L. ter-
nate. Lts. stalked, three-lobed, inciso-dentate.
S. 10. Thickets. Bari.

2. ATRAGENE.

serrate. Pet. spatulate.
Alps.

]. alpina. Lis.
w. 7-8. Rocky woods.

Tribe Il. ANEMONE.

3. THALICTRUM.

A. Carpels. three-edged, winged, not

striate, stalked.
1. aquilegifolium. Pan. corymbose. Fr.
smooth. Stipels at the ramifications of the
L.-stalk. p.5-7. Mountain woods.

B. Carpels furrowed and stalked.

2. alpinum. Stem quite simple. Rac.

to

simple, terminal. Fruit-stalks reflexed. Car-
pels with a hooked point. p.6. Mountain
pastures. Br. Pyr. e. Alps.

3. calabricum. Stem nearly simple,
leafy at base, nearly naked above. Fr. erect.
Carpels with a straight, subulate point. p.
5, 6. Woody hills. Sic.

C. Carpels furrowed, sessile.

i. Pan. broad. Fl. scattered. L. ternately
pinnate.

4. foetidum. Viscido-pubescent. Stalks
of Lts. nearly terete, the ultimate almost capil-
lary. “ Stigmate cum lateribus suis retrorsim
accumbentibus.”—Kocu. Stam. drooping. p.
6,7. Rocks, Mt. Ventous. Pennine Alps. Boh.

B. acutilobum, DC.
y. apestre, Gav. without, hair.

5. sylvaticum. Stem straight or slightly
serpentine, somewhat pruimose. Stalks of Lts.
compresso-terete. Stam.pendulous. p. 6, 7.
Woods. B. de Boul. Palatinate. Sil.

6. minus. Stem zigzag. Stalks of Lts.
with prominent lines. Stipels 0. Branches
of Pan. nearly horizontal. Stam. pendulous.
p. 5,6. Hills and dry pastures.

B. pubescens, Scuu. L. withglandular hairs.

y. Jacquinianum, Kocu. Primary divisions
of L. stipelled.

7. majus. Stem nearly straight. Partial
stalks of Lts. with prominent lines, the lower
very widely spreading. Stipels 0. Branches
of Pan. erecto-patent. Stam. pendulous. p.
5-7. Meadows and margins, scattered.

8. elatum. Stem and branches deeply
furrowed, pruinose. L. dull. Stipels 0.
Pan. diffuse with straight branches. Fl. in
whorls or in imperfect umbels. Flower-
stalks and Stam. porrect. R. fibrous. p. 6, 7.
Dry hills. Fiume.

9. lucidum. Stem straight. L. green,
stipelled ; the Auricles adpressed. Branches
of Pan. nearly erect. Stam. porrect. Be-
tween 'T. minus and T. flavum. The Fl. and
Carpels are much smaller than in the former,
and the scattered Fl. and somewhat trian-
gular outline of the L. distinguish it from the

latter. p.6,7. France, rare.
ti. Pan. broad. Fl. scattered. L.pinnately

decompound.
10. simplex. Stem furrowed. Lis. dull,
oblongo-cuneate. Auricles of upper L. ovato-
oblong, acuminate. Branches of Pan. race-

3. THALICTRUM.

mose. Fl. nodding. R. creeping. p. 6, 7.
Grassy hills. Warz. Vallais. Dau. nu. It. Oce.

ll. galioides. Resembles 10. Lis.
linear, shining. p.7. Meadows and heaths.
Strasb. e. Alps. Rare.

iii. Pan. contracted. Fl. crowded. L. ter-
nately pinnate. Lts. somewhat cordate,
obtusely trifid, glaucous beneath.

12. angustifolium. Stem furrowed.
Auricles of upper L. ovate, acuminate. Stam. —
erect. R. fibrous. p.6, 7. Moist meadows.
Fr. G. The Sheaths and Stalks of the lower
L. are almost always pubescent.

B. nigricans, DC. Lts. entire, except the
terminal one.

13. flavum. Stem furrowed. Auricles
oblong or acuminate, broader than the middle
of the sheath. Lower ramifications of petiole
stipelled. Fl. and Stam. porrect. R. creeping.
p.6; 7. Most meadows and banks.

B. nigricans, Jaca.

14. rufinerve. ‘Stem furrowed, shin-
ing. Iits. quite smooth, glaucous beneath. Au-
ricles of the upper L. ovato-acuminate. Stipels 0.
Pan. fastigiate. Branches erect. Fl. crowded
on the tops of the branches. Fl. and Stam.
porrect. R. creeping. p.6,7. At Blisten,
near Spa. All L. with a broad triangular
outline.” — Kocu.

15. exaltatum. Stem furrowed, shining.
L. and sheaths sprinkled with sessile glands.
Auricles of L. rounded, narrower than the
diameter of the sheath. Fl. crowded at the
tops of the branches. Stam. porrect. p. 7,8.
Sandy shores of the Adda.

D. R. grumose! Sep. exceeding Stam.

16. tuberosum. [. solitary, or m a
loose Corymb. Bracts sessile. p. 6. Barren
hill pastures. Carcassone, &c. Pyr.

4. ANEMONE.

A. Carpels with bearded tails.
i. Bracts palmate, sessile.

1. vernalis. L. pinnate, nearly hairless.
Lts. cuneato-lanceolate, trifid. Fl. erect. In-
vol. very villous. Pet. straight, elliptic-ob-
long. p. 6-8. High pastures. Alps. Pyr. Sil.
Prussia.

2. Efalleri. lL. pinnate, villous. Lts.
pinnatifid ; divisions lineari-lanceolate. Flower
erect. Pet. ovato-lanceolate. p. 7, 8. Very
high pastures. Alps.

Pet. 6.

“*

RANUNCULACEA. 3

3. patens. LL. ternate, divisions some-
what tripartite. Segments oblong, incise at
top. p.4. Open hills and heaths. e. Ger.

4, Pulsatilla. L. bipinnate, triply pinna-
tifid. Lts. multipartite. Segments linear,
acute. Fl. nodding. Pet. spreading. p. 4,
5. Open hills.

B. lilacina, Sw. F. erect, somewhat before
the L.
ii. Bracts ternate, stalked.

5. alpina. L.ternately decompound. Lts.
stalked, pinnately inciso-serrate. Bracts like

the L. Tail many times longer than carpel.
Fl. white. p. 6-8. Mountain meadows. m.
Europe.

B. millefoliata, Brrr. Lts. very numerous,
small, ovate, pinnatifido-incise.

y. sulphurea. UL. very villous.
ceolate, acwminate. Fl. yellow.

Lis. lan-

B. Carpels without tails.
i. Bracts sessile, divided.

6. coronaria. LL. ternate. Lts. multifid.
Segments linear, mucronate. Pet. 6, oval,
approximate. p. 8. Meadows and cultures.
Fr. It.

7. pavonina. L. tripartite. Segments
cuneate, inciso-dentate. Pet. 10-12, some-
times numerous, lanceolate, very acute. p. 3.
Prov. Nice. Tuscany.

B. fulgens. Pet. obversely lanceolate. Vyds.
Gasc. About Nice, A. pavoninais abund-
ant, but always with many Petals and
no Stamens. Fulgens is scarcer, with 6
large obtuse Pet. In gardens I have
seen both Fl. from one root.

8. hortensis. LL. tripartite. Segments
cuneate, inciso-dentate. Pet. 10-12, oblong,
obtuse. p. 3, 4. Thickets and pastures.
s. Hur.

9. palmata. L. cordato-orbicular, obtusely
lobed, toothed. Bracts trifid. Pet. 10-12.
p. 2. Open pastures. Wyéres. Sard. Sic.

ii. Bracts stalked.

10. narcissifiora. 4. palmato-partite,
villous. Div. inciso-dentate. Segments linear,
acute. Bracts trifid at the top. Fl. in um-
bels. p.5-7. Cale.mns. m. Kur.

11. baldensis. R. fusiform. IL. three
times ternate. ts. stalked, multipartite.
Segments linear. Bracts multifid. Pet. 8-
10, ponk. p. 6,7. Rocky. Penn. Alps. Mte.
Baldo. Tyrol.

B 2

Root fibrous. L. 3-5-
nate. Lits. inciso-dentate at top. Pet.6, white.
FL. solitary. Fruit very hirsute, with a small,
very short style. p. Spring and Autumn.
Shade, Alps. Piedm. G.

13. trifolia. LL. ternate. Lts. ovato-
lanceolate, acute, dentate, sessile. Pet. 5,
elliptic, obtuse. p. 4-6. Shady hills. s.
Fr. n. It.

14. nemorosa. R. horizontal. L. 3-5-
nate. Lts. trifid, inciso-dentate, lanceolate,
acute, somewhat stalked. Pet. 6, elliptic,
white or purplish, very rarely bluish. wp. A,
5. Shade.

15. apennina. IL. twice ternate. Lis.
stalked, lanceolate, inciso-dentate, acute.
Bracts ternate, inciso-dentate. Pet, 12-14,
oblongo-linear, blue. p. 4. Woods.

16. ranunculoides. L. 3-5-nate. Lis.
somewhat trifid, inciso-dentate. Bracts hardly
stalked, tripartite 6, inciso-dentate. Scape usually
2-flowered. Pet. 5, 6, elliptic, yed/ow, downy be-
neath. p.5,6. Shady hills. m. Kurope.

12. sylvestris.

ili. Bracts sessile, undivided, almost close

to Fl. !
17. Hlepatica. IL. cordate, three-lobed.
Lobes very entire, ovate, acute. Stalks

somewhat hairy. p. 2-4. Shade. m.and s.
Europe.
5. ADONIS.

A. annual.

1. autumnalis. Cal. hairless. Pet. 6-8,
concave! connivent, hardly exceeding Cal.,
scarlet. Carpels in an oblong head; point ter-
minal, acute. a, 6-8. Corn. s.e. Eng. Fr.
It. Istria.

2. flava. Cal. hairless, loose at the base.
Pet. flat, oblong, twice as long as Cal., orange
or yellow. Carpels in an oblong head. a. 6, 7.
Cult. s. Fr. n. It. Sw.

3. micrantha. Cal. hairless, firmat base.
Pet. flat, oblong, equalling Cal. Carpels few,
in a short, ovate head, crowned with straight
conical styles. LV. small, orange or yellow.
Corn. s. F.

4, sestivalis. Cal. hispid at base. Pet.
oblong, obtuse, twice as long as Cal. Carpels
in an oblong head, reticulato-tubercled. Style
terminal. a. 6,7. Corn. m. Eur.

5. flammea. Cal. hispid at base. Pet.
flat, oblong, acute, exceeding Cal. - Carpels in
a cylindrical head, not toothed. Styles lateral.
Fl. large, orange. a. 6-9. Corn. Germ. Fr.

4 5. ADONIS.

6. dentata. Cal. hispid at base. Pet. flat,
oblong, hardly exceeding Cal., flame-coloured.
Carpels tuberculoso-dentate. a.6—7. Corn.
Provence.

B. Perennial. Carpel with a hooked point.

7. vernalis. Lower L. reduced to sheath-
ing scales ; upper sessile, multifid. Segments
quite entire. Carpels velvety. Pet. 10-12,
somewhat eroso-dentate at the top. p. 4, 5.
Dry hills. Fr. G. Sw. It.

8. pyrenaica. Root L. ternate, on
long stalks. Lts. multipartite. Uppermost L.
sessile, multifid. Segments linear, quite entire.
Carpels smooth, in an ovate head. Pet. 8-10,
toothless. p.7. Val. d’Hynes in e. Pyr.

9. distorta. “Stem flexuose. Root L.
tufted, their stalks longly dilated at the hase.
Pet. obversely lanceolate, spatulate. Carpels
wrinkled, in a spherical head.’ p. 7, 8. High
mus. Central Apenn.”—Berton. The much
longer dilated part of the L.-stalk seems the
chief distinction from 8.

Tribe TI. RANUNCULEL.
6. MYOSURUS.

1. minimus. Scape as long as L.;
a Spur at base of each Sepal. a. 5. Cult. occ.

7. CHERATOCEPHALUS.

1. faleatus. “ Carpels channeled between
the protuberances.”—Kocu. Horns of the
Pericarp falcate. a.4,5. Corn. Coasts of
Mdt. Vienna. Ulm.

2. orthoceras. “Carpels crested be-
tween the protuberances.’— Kocu, Horns
straight. a. 3,4. Prag.

8. RANUNCULUS.

A. Nect. anaked pore. Carpels transversely
wrinkled. Pet. white, claw usually yel-
low.

i. Rec. hairless.
ii. Rec. hairy.

Sp. 1, 2.
Sp. 3-7.
B. Nect. membranous. Carpels not wrinkled,

the narrow keel prolonged into a Beak.
Fl. white.

i. L. divided, not nerved. Sp. 8-15.

ii. L. nearly or quite entire, nerved. Sp.
16-22.

GC. Nect. a fleshy scale.
Fl. yellow.

Carpels bordered.

i. L. undivided. R. fibrous. Sp. 23-28.
ii. L. entire, or slightly lobed. R. grumose.
Sp. 29-32.
iii. L. divided. R. grumose. Stem scape-
like. Sp. 33-42.
iv. L. compound, or deeply divided. R.
fibrous. Stem leafy.
a. Carpels without spines, tubercles, or
wrinkles.
* Fruit-stalks not furrowed. Sp. 43-
50.

** Fruit-stalks furrowed. Sp. 51-56.
b. Carpels wrinkled, on an oblong head.
Sp. 57.
ce. Carpels tubercled.
d. Carpels spinous.

Sp. 58-61.
Sp. 62-65.

A. Nect. a naked pore. Carpels transversely
wrinkled, not margined. Pet. white,
claw mostly yellow.

i. Rec. hairless. L. all reniform, 3-5-lobed.

1. eenormandi. Carpels acuminate.
Pet. twice Cal. The Stipules are said to be
large, and more detached from leaf-stalk than
in 2. p.5,6. Running water, occ.

2. hederaceus. Carpels obtuse. Pet.
hardly exceeding Cal. p.5-8. Running water.

ii. Rec. hary. Lower L. divided into
capillary segments.

3. tripartitus. Carpels obtuse. Pet.
hardly exceeding Cal. Segments of lower L.
spreading in all directions. Stip. of upper L.
nearly free. p.5-7. Peaty pools. un. Fr.

4. aquatilis. Carpels apiculate. Seg-
ments of lower L. spreading in all direc-
tions. Stip. of upper, 3-5-lobed L. united
to stalk for 2-3rds of their length. p. 5-7.
Still water. Carpels about 40.

B. cespitosus. Carpels 25-30.

y. Baudotu. Carpels about 100.

5. Petiveri. Stip. attached for 1-3rd of their

length. Claws yellow.

e. hololeucos. Claws white.

¢. paucistamineus. Sta. about 12.

5. fluitams. Carpels apiculate. Seg-
ments of L. elongated, parallel. L. on long
stalks. Pet. 5-12. p. 6, 7. Running
water.

6. circinnatus. Segments of lower L.
onaplane; outline circular. L. nearly or quite
sessile. p. 6-8. Pools and ditches.

RANUNCULACE. 5

7. Bachii. Carpels apiculate, in oblong
heads! Segments of lower L. nearly parallel.
p. Sayn.—WIRTGEN.

B. Nect. membranous. Carpels not wrinkled,
the narrow keel prolonged into a Beak.

i. L. divided, not nerved. FH. white.

8. rutifolius. Cal. smooth. Pet. 8-10,
with a darker claw. Root LL. bipinnate.
Lts. tripartite. Stem 1-3-flowered. p. 7, 8.
Snowy. e. Alps.

9. anemonoides. Cal.
linear, oblong. Root L. biternate. Lis. tri-
partito-multifid ; divisions lmear. Stem with
lor2L. p. 3,4. Pene-woods. Upper Styr.
and lower Austria.

10. Seguieri. Cal. smooth. Pet. rounded,
obovate. Root L. palmato-multifid; outline
cordato-subrotund ; divisions acuminate. Stem
1-3-flowered. Beak of Fr. slender, hooked.
p. 7,8. Very high Alps. Rare.

ll. aconitifolius. Cal. smooth. L. pal-
mato-partite, divisions trifid, acuminate, inciso-
serrate.
slender, hooked. p. 5-8. Woody mus.

a. Root L. 38-5-part. Bracts lanceolate,
serrate. Stem slender, hairless.

B. heterophylius, Lar. Root L. tripartite.
Bracts lanceolate, serrate. Stem stout,
villous.

xy. platanifolius. Root L. 5—7-partite. Seg-
ments acuminate. Bracts linear, entire.

5. dealbatus, Lar. L. hoary beneath.

12. Traunfellneri. Cal. smooth. Stalk
furrowed. Root L. tripartite; outline reniform ;
‘middle division trifid; lateral deeply cloven.
Stem with 1 Fi. and usually 1 linear un-
divided Leaf. p.6. Stony. e. Alps.

13. alpestris. Cal. smooth. Stalk fur-
rowed. Root L. cordato-subrotund, 3—5-cleft.
Divisions obovate, inciso-crenate at top. Stem
with 1 Fl. and one 3-cleft, or linear undivided
L. p.7, 8. High. Alps. Jura. Pyr.

14. crenatus. Cal. smooth. Stalk fur-
rowed. Root L. subrotund or reniform, un-
divided, or three-lobed at top; upper crena-
tures larger. Stem with about 1 FL, and 1
linear, undivided L. p. 8. High moist granite
rocks. Styria.

15. glacialis. Cal. covered with dark
hairs. Root L. ternate, tripartito-multifid.
Stem 1—5-flowered. Beak of Fr. straight. p.
7, 8. Snowy. Alps.

smooth. Pet.

Stem many-flowered. Beak of Fr. ,

ii, Outer L. nearly or quite entire, nerved.
It. white, except m gramineus.

16. lacerus. J. cuneate, laciniate at
top. Stem smooth, branched, many-flowered.
Cal. adpressed. Pet. white. p.6, 7. Rich
pastures. Alps of Dau. Vallais. Perhaps a
hybrid.

17. magellensis. Root L. reniformi-se-
micircwlar, obtusely toothed, the upper teeth
larger. Scape 1-flowered. Beak of Carpels
subulate, recurved. p. 7. Abr.

18. parnassifolius. Root L. cordate,
quite entire. Stem L. few, sessile ; upper
lanceolate. Style recurved. p. 6,7. Snowy.
Alps. Pyr:

19. amplexicaulis. lL. ovato-lanceo-
late, acuminate, amplexicaul. Flower-stalks
hairless. p. 6,7. High wet rocks. Alps. Pyr.

20. pyrenzeus. L. lanceolate, not am-
plexicaul. Flower-stalks cottony at top. Styles
slender, hooked. p. 6, 7. Very high moist.
Alps. Pyr.

8. bupleurifolius, Lav. L. lanceolate. Stem

1-flowered.

y. plantagineus, ALLIONI. L. elliptico-lan-
ceolate. Stem many-flowered.

21. angustifolius. L. lineari-lanceolate,
not amplexicaul. Flower-stalks hairless. Styles
straight, conical. p. 6,7. Very high. Mt.
Louis in Pyr.

22. gramineus. LL. lineari-lanceolate,
quite entire. Stem and flower-stalks hairless.
Beak very short, recurved. p. 5,6. Warm
sands. no. ands. Fr. Vall. n. It. Sard.

C. Nect. a fleshy scale.
Ll. yellow.

i. L. undivided, R. fibrous.

23. lateriflorus. Fl. sessile, axillary, or
opposite L. Carpels grained, with a long beak.
a. 3-5. Marshes. Cal. Sic.

24. nodiflorus. Flower sessile, opposite
L. Carpels grained. Beak very short. a. 5, 6.
Wet. Fontainebleau. Anjou.

25. ophioglossifolius. Fl. stalked, in
a terminal Pan. Carpels somewhat tuber-
cled, with a short pomt. Lower L. cordate.
Stem hollow. a.5,6. Wet. w.ands. F. It.
26. Flammula. Fl. stalked, in a termi-
nal Pan. Carpels smooth, with a short point.
Lower L. ovate or lanceolate. p. 6-9. Met.
B. reptans. I. narrow, lanceolate, quite en-
tire. Stem creeping.

Carpels bordered.

6 $. RANUNCULUS.

27. ingua.. Flower stalked, in a ter-
minal Pan. -Carpels smooth, with broad ensi-
form Beak. LL. lanceolate, all nearly sessile,
subserrate. p.7. Wet. Occ.

28. fontanus. Flower-stalks solitary, op-
posite L. Carpels smooth. Beak very short.
Stem hollow, creeping. Root L. cordate, all
obtusely crenate. p. 6, 7. Aspramonte in
Cal. Nebrodes.

ii. L. entire, or slightly lobed. R. grumose.

29. bullatus. LL. all radical, obovate,
dentate, somewhat nerved. Scape 1-flowered.
p. 9,10. Dry hills. Sic. Cors. Jap.

30. Ficaria. Lower L. subrotundo-cor-
date, repand; upper angular. Sep. usually 3.

Pet. numerous. p. 4, 5. Moist meadows
and woods.
31. Thora. No root L. Lower L. sub-

rotundo-reniform, nearly sessile, crenate, upper
incise. Stem 1-3-flowered. p.5,6. High
pastures. Jura. Pyr. Alps. Sil. Apen.

32. hybridus. Root L. solitary on long
stalks, inciso-lobate at top. Floral L. lan-
ceolate. Stem 1—3-flowered. p. 5,6. High
cale. stony. e. Alps. Abr.

iii. L.divided. R.grumose. Stem scapelike,
nearly naked.

33. flabellatus. Primary L. slightly
lobed, broader upwards, others tripartite.
Segments trifido-incise. Carpels beaked, in
oblong heads. p. 4, 5. Hill pastures.
Capri. Sic.

34. spicatus. All root L. peltato-cor-
date, with 3-5 approximate lobes. Floral L. 3-
cleft. Segments linear, entire. Carpels in a
cylindrical head. Beak recurved. p. 4, 5.
Sic.

35. monspeliacus. Outer root L. cordate,
3-5-lobed; inner ternate. Stem erect, few-
flowered. Cal. reflexed. Carpels in an oblong

head. Beak compressed, straight. op. 5, 6.
Rocky, open. dt. F.
36. illyricus. Outer root L. cuneate,

entire or three-cleft at top; imner ternate.
Cal. reflexed. Carpel in an oblong head.
Beak ensiform. p.5,6. Rocky hills. s. e.
G. It.

37. cherophyllus. Outer L. ternate.
Segments once or twice tripartite. Neck of R.
covered with fibres. Stem 1—5-flowered.
Carpels somewhat rough, in an oblong head.
Beak curved at top. p.5, 6. Dry. s. and w.

F. It. Bertoloni says the primary L. are
semicircular.

»

38. garganicus. Root L. ternate and
biternate. Neck of R. naked. Carpels smooth
or finely grained, in an oblong head. Beak en-
siform, curved at top. p. 5,6. Mte. Gar-
gano.

39. millefoliatus. L. bipimnate. Seg-
ments pinnatifid, outer less divided. Neck of
R. naked. Cal. spreading. Carpels finely
dotted, in an oblong head. Beak very short,
revolute. p.4,5. Dry pastures. It.

40. Agerii. Primary L. reniform, three-
lobed ; next trifid, both coarsely crenate; latter
L. ternate. Segments pinnatifid. Cal. at last
reflexed. Carpels somewhat grained, in an
ovate head. Beak straight. p. 4,5. Bologna.

4]. palustris. Root L. broadly cordate,
tripartite. Segments distant, 2 and 3-cleft,
acutely inciso-serrate. Cal. spreading. Car-
pels smooth, in a globular head. Beak short,
hooked. p. 5,6. Cors.

42, Balbisii. Root L. thick, broadly
cordate, three-lobed, with coarse, blunt, un-
equal teeth. Cal. reflexed. Carpels smooth, ina
globular head. Beak very short, recurved. p.
5-7. Rills. Mt. Gennargentu.

iv. L. compound, or deeply divided. R.
fibrous. Stem leafy.

a. Carpels without spines, tubercles, or
wrinkles.

* Fr.-stalks not furrowed.

43. auricomus. Carpels velvety. Beak
curved almost from the base. Sheaths from
R. all, or nearly all, leaf-bearing. Root L.
stalked, reniform, deeply three-cleft. p. 4, 5.
Shade.

44. cassubicus. Carpels velvety. Sheaths
from R. all, or nearly all, leafless. Root
L. stalked, reniform, crenate. p. 3, 4. Moist
shade. Sil.

45. montanus. Carpels smooth, (as in
all the following species of this section.) Ree.
hairy. Root L. palmate; segments obovate,
trifid. Lower stem L. 5-part. Divisions
oblongo-linear, palmato-divergent. p. 4. High.
Alps. Pyr.

46. Willarsii.

Rec. hairy. Root L.

palmate. Segments obovate, trifid, acutely
dentate. Stem L. digitato-partite. Divisions
linear, not divergent. p. 6. Mountain
pastures. w.ands. Alps. Carn.

RANUNCULACEA., a

47. acris. Rec. hairless. Beak of Fr.
very short, somewhat curved. Lower L. pal-
mato-partite. Segments somewhat rhomboid,
acutely inciso-dentate ; upper tripartite. Seg-
ments linear. Hairs of stem adpressed. p. 6,
7. Meadows.

B. tuberosus. Fil. hairy.

48. velutinus. Rec. hairless. Beak of
Fr. very short, or wanting. Lower L. tripar-
tite. Segments cuneiform, inciso-dentate. Hairs
of stem spreading. p.4-—6. Meadows. It.

49. lanuginosus. Rec. hairless. Beak of
Fr. about half as long as carpel, hooked.
Carpels not nerved. Root L. trifid. Segments
broad, inciso-dentate. Hairs of stem reflexed.
p. 5-7. Woody hills. m. ands. Hu.

50. bruttius. Rec. hairless. Beak of
Fr. about half as long as carpel, revolute.
Carpels nerved. 4. ternate. Lts. on nearly
equal stalks, 2 and 3-partite. Segments lan-
ceolate, acuminate, incise, irregularly serrate.

Cal. spreading. p.6. Cal.
** Hr stalk furrowed. Rec. hairy.

51. polyanthemus. Beak — merely
hooked. Cal. spreading. Root L. 3-5-partite,
inciso-multifid. Segments nearly linear. No
runners. Hairs of stem spreading. yp. 5-7.
Shady meadows and woods. G. rare. un. F.

52. nemeorosus. Beak curled round at
the top. Cal. spreading. Root L. 3—5-partite.
Segments obovate, trifid, dentate. Hairs of
stem spreading. No runners. p. 5, 6. Shady
fills. Fr. Sic. G. I apprehend, from the
description, that this is the R. Thomasi of
Bert.

53. repens. Carpels finely dotted. Cal.
spreading. L. ternate, three-lobed, trifid,
incise. Plant with Runners. p. 5-7. Moist
meadows, woods, &e.

54. bulbosus. Cal. reflexed. Stem
bulbous at base. Root L. ternate, tripartite,
trifid, orincise. p.5—7. Meadows. The root,
according to Bert., as sometimes tuberous.

55. neapolitanus. Cal. reflexed. Stem
somewhat bulbous at base. R. tuberous. Root
L. trifid, acutely inciso-dentate. p. 4, 5.
Apulia. Ischia. Var. of R. bulbosus, according
to Cosson.

56. heucherifolius. Cal. reflexed. Stem
bulbous at base. R. tuberous. Root L.
rounded, cordate, inciso-lobate, acutely dentate.
Carpels sometimes grained, and with short

hairs. p. Woods and moist pastures. Pal.
The root L. appears to be peltato-cordate.
Quere, if not rather belonging to Division
C, iii. ?

b. Carpels in an oblong head, wrinkled.

57. sceleratus. Lower L. stalked, tri-
partite; segments obtusely crenate ; upper
trifid, inciso-dentate. Cal. reflexed. a. 6-9.
Vet.

ec. Carpels tubercled.

58. angulatus. Style ensiform, about
a line long. Root L. reniform, lobed, crenate ;
upper tripartite, meciso-serrate. Fruit-stalks
furrowed. Cal. reflexed. p. 4,5. Nebrodes.

59. hirsutus. Beak very short. L.
ternate, lobed, incise. Middle Lt. stalked. Cal.
reflexed. Fruit-stalk furrowed. a. 7-9.
Meadows, fields, and waste.

B. parvulus. Very small.

60. cordigerus. Beak very short. Root
L. cordate, undivided, or three-lobed. Stem L.
incise or simple. Stem nearly naked, 1—2-
flowered. Mte. Coscione in Cors.

61. trilobus. Beak very short. Root
L. subrotund, others tripartite. Segments
divergent, cuneate, toothed at top. Stem

erect. Fl. solitary, terminal, or opposite L.
a. 4. Moist fields. Perp. Toul. s. It. and
Islands. Rare.

d. Carpels spinous.

62. arvensis. Stem erect. Fl. in Pan.
Root L. tripartite. Stem L. multifid.
Segments linear. Spines of Carpels long and
strong. a.6, 7. Fields.

B. tuberculatus. Spines short and blunt.

y. mermis. “Spines entirely wanting.”—

Bonn.

63. subapetalus. Stem erect. FI. soli-
tary, opposite L. Lower L. subrotund, lobed,
upper 3—5-cleft. Pet. 2 or 3, small or wanting.
Beak of Fr. somewhat hooked. Hedges, near
junction of Arve and Rhone.

64. parviflorus. Stem procumbent. L.
circular, 3-lobed, incise. Flower-stalks oppo-
site L. Cal. at last reflexed. Tubercles of Car-
pels numerous, each ending in a fine prickle.
a. 5,6. Dry banks. s. and w. Eu.

65. muricatus. Stem procumbent. L.
nearly circular, 38-lobed, coarsely toothed.
Flower-stalks opposite L. Prickles of Carpels
strong. Beak straight. a.4,5. Cult. and
waste. s. Hu.

8 9. CALTHA.

Tribe IV. HELLEBOREA.

9. CALTHA.

1. palustris. Pet. deciduous. Stem
erect. L. cordate, rounded, crenate. p. 3, 4.
Marshes.

2. radicans. Pet. deciduous. Stem

creeping. L. cordato-triangular, serrato-crenate.
p. 5,6. Sides of lakes and rivulets. Se.

10. TROLLIUS.

1. europzeus. Pet. 15, converging in
a globe. Nect. 5-10, like smaller Pet. op.
5, 6. Cool hills. n. and m. Eu.

ll. ERANTHIS.

1. hyemalis. Pet. 6-8, oblong. p. 2.
Base of mountains. Fr. Ger. Sw. It. oce.

12. HELLEBORUS.

1. niger. Scape leafless, 1—2-flowered,
with 2-8 oval bracts. Root L. pedate, gute
smooth. p. 12-4. Subalpine woods. m. Kur.

2. purpurascens. Stem few-flowered,
bearing entire or cloven, sessile floral L. Root
L. digitate. Lis. cuneate at base, 8—5-lobed at
top. Pet.subrotund. p. 2,3. Woods. Apen.
of Tuse.

B. Bocconi. Stem exceeding L.

3. viridis. Stem few-flowered, leafless,
except at the branches. Root L. digitate. Stem
L. nearly sessile, palmate. Pet. ovato-subro-
tund. p. 3,4. Woods and thickets, occ.

4. odorus. Stem few-flowered, naked,
except at the branches. LL. palmate, with pro-
minent veins. Stigma horizontally recurved.
p. 3,4. Mountain woods. Salzb. Carn.

5. dumetorum. Stem few-flowered,
naked, except at the branchings. LL. palmate.
(Pedate, Kocu, in 3, 4,5.) Secondary veins
immersed. p. 3,4. Thichkets. Trieste. Sty.

6. foetidus. Stem many-flowered, leafy.
Lower L. pedate, smooth; upper trifid, on a
dilated stalk. Bracts oval. p. 3,4. Cale.
thickets. vn. Kur.

7. lividus. Stem many-flowered, leafy.
L. ternate, smooth, glaucous beneath. Lts.
ovato-lanceolate. p. 1-8. Cors. Sard.

13. ISOPYRUM.
Caps. 1-3.

1. thalictroides, Sep. 5.

Pet. obtuse, lower stalks dilated at the base

into membranous auricles. p. 4,5. Shade.
Pyr. Dauph. Sav. Austr. Boh. n. It.
14. GARIDELLA.
1. Wigellastrum. Nectaries sessile,

spreading. Sta. 10-12. p. Vines and olives.
Prov.

15. NIGELLA.

1. arvensis. Anthers apiculate. Styles
5—7, spirally rolled back. Caps. smooth,
united beyond the middle into an obconical
fruit. Invol.0. a. 7-2. Melds. m.and s. Eu.

2. sativa. Anthers not apiculate. Caps.
muricate, united to the top into an ovate Fr.
Invol. 0. a. 6-8. Fields. Mtp. Erfurt.

3. damascena. Anthers not apiculate.
Caps. smooth, united to the top into a sub-
globose Fr. FI. surrounded by a leafy Invol.
a. 6-8. IMelds. Coasts of Mdt.

16. AQUILEGIA.

1. vulgaris. Spur hooked. Caps. villous.
Stem leafy, many-flowered. Styles not ex-
ceeding Sta. IL. biternate, nearly smooth.
p. 5,6. Shade.

B. Henckiana. UL. more deeply divided.

Upper Carth. Laybach.

y. atrata. Sta. porrect, much exceeding the

very dark Fl. Sw.

2. viscosa. Spur curved. Caps. villous:
Stem nearly naked, few-flowered. Styles not
exceeding Sta. L. biternate, viscoso-pubescent.
p. Open. Mat. Fr.

3. alpina. Spur slightly incurved, half
as long as the lamina. Stem leafy, 2-3-
flowered. Lts. biternate. Segments linear. p.
7, 8. High shade. m. Alps.

4. pyrenaica. Spur straight, nearly
equalling the lamina. Stem nearly naked, 1-3-
flowered. Lts. once or twice ternate. Seg-
mentslinear. p. 7,8. High meadows. Pyyv.
Italy. Sw. Pyr. Carn. Mountains of Carrara.

17. DELPHINIUM.

A. Pet. united; \ inner Spur. L. divided
into linear segments. Germen 1.

1. Consolida. Stem erect, with divari-
cate branches. Flower-stalks much exceeding
floral L. Caps.smooth. a.6,7. Felds. m.
and s. Eur.

RANUNCULACT.®. )

2. paniculatum. “ Stem erect, branched,
panicled. Rac. few-flowered. Stalks much
longer than floral L. a. 6,7. IMelds. I. of
Osero.”’—Kocnu.

Branches divaricate. Fl.
in a scattered Rac. Flower-stalks exceeding
floral L. Caps. hairy. a. 6,7. dtelds. mat.
Fr. More branched from base than 1.

4, Ajacis. Stem erect, nearly simple. FI.
in a long, dense Rac. Flower-stalks hardly so
long as floral L. a. 6-8. elds. It. rare.

3. pubescens.

B. Pet. 4, separate ; ner Spurs 2, outer
longer than Fl. Germ. 3-5.
i. Pet. not bearded. L. multifid. Segments
linear.

5. cardiopetalum. ‘‘Hrect, somewhat
branched. IL. hairless, membranous, ternate.
Divisions multifid. LL. of the branches, and
the lower floral L. multifid. Pet. hafted, blade
circular, cordate at base. a. 7, 8. Banks of
the Garonne.’’—DuBy.

6. halteratum. “Downy, stem erect.
Branches spreading. lL. tripartite. Lowest
floral L. in many divisions; upper undivided.
Upright rac. straight, spike-like. Flower-stalks
short. Accessory Pet. cordato-orbicular, much
shorter than the haft. a. 4-7. | Waste
ground. Rome. Naples. Sic.”’—Brrv.

7. gracile. “Hairless. Stem with a few,
somewhat spreading branches. L. tripartite,
linear. Lowest floral L.somewhat trisect; upper
undivided. Flower-stalks short. Accessory Pet.
ovate, cumeate at base. a. 4, 5. Sandy
shores. Sard.”—BErRt.

8. longipes. Hairless. Stem with crowd-
ed branches. L. tripartite. Lower floral L.some-
what trisect ; upper undivided. Flower-stalks
long, straight. Accessory Pet. blunt, or emar-
ginate. a. 4-6. Sandy shores. Sard.—BER?.

9. peregrinum. LHrect, branched. L.
hairless ; lower multifid; upper and floral L.
linear, entire. a. 5, 6. Waste ground.
Toulon. It.

li. Accessory Pet. bearded.

10. velutinum. Downy. L. palmato-5-
partite, multifid. Leaf-stalks dilated into a long
sheath. Accessory Pet. with obtuse segments.
Fr. tomentose. p. 6. Woody hills. It. oce.

11. hybridum. Leaf ternato-multipartite.
Divisions linear, their stalk dilated into a
sheath at the base. Two linear bracts in the
middle of the flower-stalk. p. 6, 7. Stony
woods. Trieste, &e. [L. smooth; leaf-stalks

very little dilated. Flower-stalks long; bracts
and. bracteoles very short.—Brrr. |

12. emarginatum. L. 5—7-partite; seg-
ments inciso-dentate. Leaf-stalk dilated into
a short sheath. Accessory Pet. with obtuse
segments. Bracts linear, longer than flower
stalk. Fr. hairless. p. 5,6. Palermo.

13. elatum. IL. 5—7-lobed ; segments in-
cise. Leaf-stalk not sheathing. Sepals ovate.
Segments of accessory Pet. obtuse. Two linear
bracteoles near Fl. p. 5,6. Grassy. Pyv.
Alps of Prov. and Pdm. s. e. G.

a. mmtermedium, DC. Outline of L. cordato-

subrotund. Fr. somewhat hairy.
B. palmatifidum, DC. Outline of L.
reniform.

y. euneatum, DC. Segments of L. more
cuneate than in the preceding.

14. montanum. L. palmato-partite ; seg-
ments cuneate at base, pinnatifido-laciniate
above. Sep. lanceolate, acuminate. Accessory
Pet. crenulate, acuminate. p. 7. Ven. Alps.
Bertolom quotes to this D. elatum a of
Kocu.

C. Pet. 4,

Separate, beardless. Spur

shorter than Fl.
15. Requieni. “Spur nearly as long
as Fl. Flower-stalk hairy, with a bract in the
middle. I. of Hyéres. Cors.’—Dvusy.

16. pictum. Spurs somewhat shorter than
Sep. Flower-stalk with a bract at the base,
hardly longer than Fl. L. palmate. Seg-
ments oblongo-lanceolate, sometimes trifid. a.
4—6. Pastures. Sard. mdt. Fr.

17. Staphysagria. Spur very short.
Flower-stalk with three bracts at the base, twice
as long as Fr. L. palmato-5-fid; segments en-
tire or trifid. a. 6,7. wmdt. Fr. Istria. It.

18. ACONITUM.

A. Spur of Nect. slender, curled round.
Helmet concave, cylindric. Fl. usually
yellow.

1. Anthora. Spur with a_ rectangular
bend. Cal. permanent. p. 8,9. High rocky
thickets. Alps. Jura. Pyy.

a. Jacquint, Rous. Divisions of L. very

narrow, linear, straight.

B. eulophum, Rows. Divisions of L. very

narrow, linear, faleate.

y. nemorosum, M.B. Divisions of L. lineari-

lanceolate.

10

2; Iaycoctonum. Spw evenly curved. |
Cal. deciduous. L. palmate. p. 6, 7. Moun-
tain thickets. mm. ands. Kur.*

a. vulparia, Rous. Spur spiral. Helmet

somewhat enlarged at summit.

B. Thelyphonum, Rous. Spurspiral. Helmet

conical.

y. Myoctonum, Reus. Spur forming a ring.

Helmet not much longer than wide.

8. pallidum, Rows. Spur-hooked. |

e. pyreneum, DC. Segments of L. twice
trifid, inciso-dentate.

B. Spur of Nect. thick and blunt. FH. blue,

or rarely white.

8. Napellus. Nect. bent horizontally. FI.
in Rac. Young carpels divaricate. Seeds
obtusely wrinkled on the back. wp. 6-8.
Moist woods and pastures.

The supposed varieties of Napellus may be
arranged as follows :—

* Spur with a head.
+ Fil. hairless.

+ Flower-stalks erect,
curled hairs.
Helmet gaping, hemispherical. a.

[Napellus.
Helmet semicircular, closed.
Flower-stalks long. 8. pyramidalis.
Flower-stalks shorter than Fl. y.
[bernhardianum.
Helmet deeper than a semicircle.
[6. maltifidum.
++ Flower-stalks smooth.
Helmet gaping. e. hoppeanum.
Helmet semicircular. ¢. angustifo-
[diwm.
Helmet deeper than semicircular.
[n. acutum.

covered with

+r FAL hairy.

t Flower-stalks erect, smooth.
Helmet gaping. 0. cecum.
Helmet incumbent (Kocn). 1. ame-

[mum.
tt Flower-stalks covered with curled
hairs.
Helmet low, spreading in front.
(x. autumnale.
Helmet semicircular, label short.
[A. neubergense.
Helmet semicircular, label long.
[M. eminens.
** Spur short, not curved or dilated at top.
+ Fil. smooth. v. koellanum.

| claw.

ty FAL. hairy.

Helmet beaked. &. hians. |

18. ACONITUM.

Helmet truncate.
Flower-stalks nearly erect. Helmet
open. o. strictum.
Flower-stalks spreading.
Helmet deep. am. letum.
Flower-stalks with spreading hairs. p.
| formosum.
Flower-stalks with curled hairs. o.
[¢auricum.

somewhat

4. paniculatum. Nect. arched from the
Fl. at last mm a divaricate Pan. Young
Carpels divaricate. Back of seeds with winged
wrinkles. p. 7,8. High moist. Alps.

a. cernuum, RcuB. Pan. covered with
short, spreading hairs. Helmet hemi-
spherical.

B. molic, Rous. Helmet deep, with a short
beak.

y. hebegynum, DC. Helmet narrow, with
a longer beak.

5. variegatum. Nect. erect, or obliquely -

inclined. Rac, at last panicled. Young
Carpels parallel. Back of seeds with winged
wrinkles. p. 7,5. Js. Alps. e. G.

a. Cammarum, Rous. Helmet straight.

B. nasutum, FiscHER. Helmet inclined for-
wards. Beak deflexed.

y. rostratum, BERNH. Helmet curved for-
wards.

5. variegatum, Rous. Helmet curved for-
wards. Beak bent upwards.

6. intermedium. Nect. arched from the
claw, inclined obliquely. Young Carpels in-
curved, connivent at top. Back of seeds with
sharp wrinkles. p. 6-8. Woody mus. Alps
of Berne and e. Alps.

Tribe V. PAONIACEZ.
19. ACT AIA.

1. spicata. Berry subglobose. Style 1.
Pet. equalling Sta. Rac. ovate. L. 2—3-ternate.
p. 5-6. Calcareous thickets.

20. CIMICIFUGA.

1. foetida. Germens on short stalks.
L. ternately bipimate. p. 7,8. Shade, at
Sloun, and the mountainous shores of the
Weichsel near Grandenz in Moravia.

21. PAONTA.
1. corallina. L. twice-ternate. Lts. ovate,

NYMPHAACEM.

quite entire, hairless. Follicles 5, downy, re-
curved. Stigma short, crested. p. 5, 6.
Rocky. w. Fr. (2) Salzb. Bassano. Tuse. Sic.
Calab.

2. officinalis. L. ternate. Leaflets une-
qually divided. Segments ovato-lanceolate.
Follicles downy, nearly straight. p. 4-6.

Mountain woods. Danph. Pyr. It. Alps.

Apenn.
3. Russi. L. twice-ternate. Lts. broadly
ovate, entire, downy beneath. — Follicles

11

hairy, recurved. Stigmalong, linear. p. 4,5.
Mountain thickets. Cors. Sic.

4, peregrina. L.twice-ternate. Lts. 2-

Segments laciniate and entire,
whitish beneath. Follicles 2-3, tomentose,
straight. p. 5, 6. Shade. s. e. of Alps.
rare. Pollino and Gargano in K. Nap.

3-partite.

B. paradoxa. ts. multipartite, obtuse.
Follicles tomentose, straight. p. Open
hills. 3. Ev. very rare. Ady. G, Carn.
Mte. Generoso. Thun.

II. BERBERIDEA.

Authers 4—6, opposite Pet.

22. BERBERIS.

1. vulgaris. Stem erect.
obovate, ciliato-serrate.
flowered, stalked, pendulous.
tite, shorter than L. S&S. 5-6.
thickets.

2. xtnensis.

Leaf simple,
Raceme — many-
Spines tripar-
Hedges and

Stem decumbent. Leaf
simple, obovate, serrato-spinulose. Rac. few-
flowered, nearly sessile, pendulous. Spines
thick, tripartite, exceeding L. &. 6,7. High.
Aitna. Nebrodes. Cors.

|

Germ. l-celled. Seeds attached to the bottom.

23. LEONTICH.

1. Leontopetalum. LL. twice-ternate.
Lts. oblong, obtuse, somewhat mucronate.
Bracts leafy, many times shorter than the
flower-stalk. p. elds; said by Persoon
to grow in Tuscany and Apulia, but it is not
noticed by Savi, Tenore, or Bertoloni.

24. EPIMEDIUM.
l. alpinum. No root L. Stem L. twice

ternate. Leaflets cordato-lanceolate, acu-
minate, dentato-ciliate. p. 5. Mountain
thickets. s. Tyr. n. It. Carniola.

Ill. NYMPHAACHA.

Sepals passing into Petals and then into Stamens, all inserted on a fleshy mass, more or less

surrounding the Ovaries.
Aquatic plants with floating L.

25. NYMPHASA.

1. alba. Germen clothed to the top with
the Fil. Rays of Stigma about 16. Sinus of L.
with sides nearly straight. p. 7. Still water.

2. biradiata. Germen clothed with Fil.
to the top. Stigma with a bloody central
spot, running out into three teeth to each ray.
Rays 5-10. Sinus of L. with curved sides,
spreading outwardly. p. 7, 8. Stall water.
Triebener See in Styria. Zeller See in Salzb.

3. candida. Only about one-third of
Germen covered. Rays of Stigma 8. L. cor-
date. Sinus with curved sides, spreading out-
wardly. p. 8. Stagnant. Bohemia.

Fruit many-celled.

Seeds attached to the spongy Dissepiments.

26. NUPHAR.

1. luteum. Stigma flat. Rays 16-20, not
reaching to the entire margin. Anthers oblongo-
linear. p. 6-8. Still water.

2. pumilum. Stigma at last hemispheri-
cal. Rays about 10, excurrent into a toothed
margin. Anthers hardly half as long again as
wide. p. 6,7. Still water. Sc. Vosges.
Salzb. Zur. Lower Sax.

3. spennerianum. Stigma at last hemi-
spherical. Rays about 10, excurrent into
a toothed margin. Anthers linear-oblong,
fow times width. p. 6-8. Still water.
Feldsee in Black Forest. Vosges.

2

IV. PAPAVERACE.

Sepals 2. Corolla regular, of 4 Pet.

27. PAPAVER.

A. Caps. bristly.

1. alpinum. Caps. obovate. Filaments
subulate. Scape 1-flowered. Leaves nearly
smooth, sub-bipimate. Segments narrow, dis-
tant. Fl. white, with yellow claw. vp. 17, 8.
Lhigh stony mountains. Rare. Alps.

2. pyrenaicum. Caps. obovate. Filam.
subulate. Scape 1-flowered. L. very hairy,
pinnatifid; pimnee broad, incise, contiguous.
I. yellow, or white with a yellow claw. »p.
7,8. High cale. Pyr. Alps. Ap.

3. hybridum. Caps. subglobose, fur-
rowed. Fil. broader upwards. Stem leafy,
many-flowered. L. bipinnatifid. a. 6, 7.
Fields.

4. apulum. Capsules ellipsoid. ‘Fil.
broadly clavate, hollow at top. Stem leafy,
many-flowered. 1. orange, with a dark base,
much larger than in P. hybridum. p. 4, 5.
Fields. Cal.

5. Argemone. Caps. club-shaped, rib-
bed. Filaments broader upwards. Stem leafy,
many-flowered. L. bipimnatifid. a. 6, 7.
elds.

B. Caps. smooth.

6. dubium. Capsules oblongo-clavate.
Wil. subulate. Bristles of the many-flowered
stem spreading, of the flower-stalks adpressed.
L. bipinnatifid. a.6,7. elds.

B. levigatum, M.B. Hairless.
y. Roubiet, DC. Caps. shorter.

7. Rheeas. Caps. subglobose. Fil. subu-
late. Bristles of the many-flowered stem,
and of flower-stalks spreading. L. pinnatifid,
inciso-dentate, acute. a.5-7. Melds.

$. somniferum. Capsules obovato-glo-
bose. Fil. enlarged upwards. Cal. smooth.
Stem smooth. L. amplexicaul, glaucous, im-
ciso-repand, somewhat obtuse. a. elds.
Seed escapes by pores opening under
stigma.
B. officinalis. Caps. larger, depressedly glo-
bose; pores closed. Cult.
y. setigerum. Caps. less spherical and
smaller. Hach tooth of L. ending in a
bristle. a.6. s. F. It.

| lanceolate.”—BrEr?.

| fields.

Placentas parietal. Seeds numerous.

28. MECONOPSIS.

1. cambrica. Caps. smooth, oblong. L.
numerous, stalked, pinnate, incise. p. 6.
Mountain shade. Wales. Cumberland. Pyr.
Auvergne. Not in G. or It.

29. GLAUCIUM.

1. luteum. Stem smooth. Stem L.
cordate, amplexicaul, sinuato-pinnatifid. Pod
roughish with minute tubercles. b. 6, 7.
Sand or gravel of sea-shore, and sometimes of
lakes and rwers.

2. fulvum. “Stem smooth. Stem L.
rotundato-sinuate. Pod rough, 2-valved. Fl.
nearly sessile. b. p. Gravel and sand. s.
Europe.”-—DC.; but I find it in no local
Flora.

3. corniculatum. Stem hairy. Stem L.
pimnatifid, incise. Pod 2-valved, bristly. a. 7.
m. Fr. rare. e. G. Palat.

4. hybridum. Pod 38—4-valved, with
strong bristles at top. Placentas distinct. 7.
violet. a. 6. Calcareous fields. e. Eng.
mdt. Fr. rare.

30. CHELIDONIUM.

1. majus. Flowers umbellate. L. pmnate.
Lts. subrotund, dentato-lobate. Pet. elliptic,
entire. p. 5,6. Hedges, &c.

B. laciniatum. Lts. laciniate.

31. HYPECOUM.

Pod jointed in all.

1. procumbens. “Pods compressed,
curved. Outer Pet. largest, exactly 3-lobed ;
immer trifid, the middle division dentato-
ciliate, conduplicate. Pinnules of L. lneari-
a. 3, 4. Fields. Coast

of Mdt. Not in G.

2. glaucescens. Pods compressed,
curved. Outer Pet. largest, obscurely 3-lobed ;
immer tripartite, the middle division nearly flat.
3,4. Sandy shores. Cors. s. It.

3. pendulum. Pods terete, pendulous.
Outer Pet. entire; inner trifid; the middle di-
vision subrotund, stalked. a. 6,7. Sandy
mdt. Fr. Palat.

V. FUMARIACE.

Sepals 2. Petals 4, dissimilar.
sets. Lateral Anther of each set 1-celled.

32. CORYDALIS.

fi. Root tuberous. Stem nearly simple,
bearing a few alternate, twice ternate,
divided L.
Stem without scales. Bracts
Rac. of Fr. erect. Stalks as
R. hollow, everywhere pro-
p. 4,5. Shade. Fr. Germ.

1. cava.
ovate, entire.
long as Caps.
ducing fibres.
Sw. n. It.

2. fabacea.
Bracts ovate, entire.

Stem with a scale below L.
Rac. of Fr. crowded,

nodding. R. solid, fibrous at the bottom. p.
4,5. Shade.—Malesherbes. s. e. G.

3. solida. Stem quite simple, with a
scale below L. Bracts digitato-partite. Rac.
of Fr. long, erect. R. solid, fibrous at bot-
tom. p. 4, 5. Moist shade. Fr. G. Sw.
n. It.

4. densiflora. ‘‘ Stem with a scale be-
low L. Rac. termmal, somewhat crowded.
Bracts semicircular and cbovate on a cuneate
base, multifid, toothed. p. 4, 5. Mountains.
Madonie. Cammarata in Sic.”’—Guss.

Stem with a scale below L.
Rac. of Fr. crowded,

5. pumila,
Bracts digitato-partite.

nodding. Root solid, fibrous at base. p. 4.
Shade. Aus. Boh. Sty.
6. lutea. LL. ternato-tripinnate. Stalks

flat, without a margin. Seeds shming. Ca-
runcle spreading, denticulate. p.5-7. Rocks.
s. Tyr. Tessino. Treves. Narb. It.

7. ochroleuca. LL. ternato-tripinnate.
Stalks with a raised margin. F'r.-stalks shorter
than pod. Seeds rather dull. Caruncle ad-
pressed, nearly entire. p. 7-9. Rocks and
stony. ‘Trieste. Istria.

8. acaulis. Stem hardly any. L. ter-
nato-pimnate or bipinnate. Stalks flat. Fruit-
stalks 2—4-times as long as pods. Seeds rather
dull. Caruncle adpressed, nearly entire. p.
5-7. Rocks and walls.—Pota.

9. claviculata. Stem climbing. L. bi-
pinnate. Stalks ending in branched ten-
drils. ts. ovate, entire. Bracts longer than
tlower-stalk. Style deciduous. a. 6, 7. Stony
thickets.

One or both of the outer saccate at base.

Stamens 6, in 2

33. SARCOCAPNOS.

1. enneaphylla. L. triternate.
stalked, ovato-orbicular. p. Rocks.
sillon.

Its.
Rous-

34. FUMARIA.

A. Fr. oval, nearly flat, small.

1. spicata. Rac. spike-like. Stem erect.
a. 4,5. Melds. xs. Fr. Pdm. Salerno Sic.

B. fr. nearly spherical.

2. capreolata. Fruit very obtuse, nearly
smooth. Sepals ovate, dentate, with short
acumen, as broad as Cor. and half as long.
Fruit-stalks spreading, or recurved. a. 6-9.
Hedges and cult.

3. muralis. “ Fruit subrotund, ovate,
obtuse, smooth. Sep. ovate, acuminate, den-
tate, half as long as Cor. Rac. evolute, lax.
Fruit-stalks spreading. Divisions of L. lan-
ceolate, or oblongo-lanceolate. a. 6-8. Walls.
Hamburg.’—Kocu.

4. agraria. Fruit subrotund, obtuse,
somewhat margined at base, uneven. Sep.
ovato-oblong, acuminate, dentate, not half as
long as Cor. Rac. lax. Bracts. shorter than
pedicel of Fr. Divisious of L. oblong, or
obovate. a.5, 6. Walls and thickets, oce. Stem
stronger than in ¥. capreolata. I’. about the
same size.

5. officinalis. Fr. sub-globose, wider
than long, uneven. Sepals ovato-lanceolate,
acute, dentate, narrower and shorter than
corolla, broader than fruit-stalk. a. 5-9.
Cult.

6. Wirtgeni. “Tr. subglobose, obtuse,
with a short .apiculus, uneven. Sep. ovato-
lanceolate, acuminato-cuspidate, dentate, not
half as long as Cor., broader than fruit-stalk.
Bracts. shorter than fruit-stalk. Divisions of
L. lanceolate. a. 5-9. Fields. Coblenz.”—
Koon.

7. micrantha. Fr. subglobose, obtuse,
uneven. Sepals subrotund, dentate, with short
acumen, broader than and nearly half as long
as corolla. Bracts as long or longer than
fruit-stalk. Div. of L. linear. a. 6-9. Cult.
oce.

14

8. Waillantii. Fr. globose, obtuse, un-
even. Sepals narrower than the fruit-stalk,
and many times shorter than the Fl. Rac.
lax. Divisions of L. nearly linear, (flat,
Paru.) a. 6-9. Frelds, mostly in a@ cale.
soul.

34. FUMARIA.

9. parviflora. Fr. ovato-subglobose, some-
what acute. Sep. ovato-incise, as broad as
corolla, but only about one-sixth of its length.
Rae. of Fr. lax. Div. of L. linear, (channeled,
Par.) a. 6-9. Fields, chiefly im a sandy
soul, oce.

VI. CRUCIFERA.

Sepals 4. Petals 2. Anthers 6, in two pairs and two single ones.

In Lepidium ruderale

there are no petals and only two anthers; and in one or two other species the number of parts

is occasionally incomplete.

For the Tribes, see the Linnean Class TeTRADYNAMIA.

herbaceous plants and with alternate L.

SILICULOUS.
Tribe I. THLASPIDEM.
35. BISCUTELLA.

A. Two Sep. spurred at the base. Sihiele

rough with elevated points.
1. auriculata. Annual. Spurs obtuse. Si-

licle tapering gradually into the style. a. 5,
6. Fields. s. Fr. Pdm. Como.

2. hispida. Annual. Spurs acute. Style
beginning abruptly. Stam. hispid. a. 6, 7.

Open halls.
Veglia.

3. cichoriifolia. Perennial. Spurs some-
what acute. Style beginning abruptly. Stam.

Upper Prov. Pdm. Isle of

villous. Lower L. runcinate. yp. 6-8. Ba-
gnéres de Luchon.
B. Sep. equal at the base. Annual.

4. lyrata. Root L. lyrate. Stem erect,
naked. a. 1-4. Dry julls. Capri. Calab.
Sic.

a. . Silicle piloso-hispid.

B. maritima, DC. Silicle smooth, pubes-
cent on the margin. Capri. Apulia.

y. raphanifolia, WiiLv. &c. Silicles quite
smooth. Sic.

5. didyma. Silicle ciliato-glandulose ; no

margin. Root L. obovato-lanceolate, acute,
dentate. Stem L. narrower. Stem hispid at
base. a. 4,5. Dry fields. Apulia. Cal.

B. columne, TEN. Stem nearly naked. Disc

of silicle rough.
y. apula, DC. Silicle very small, the disc
rough.

|

They are, with very few exceptions,

C. Sep. equal at the base. Perennial.

6. saxatilis. L. mostly from the R., ob-
long, rough. Silicle hairless. p.5-8. Rocky
hills. s. Hur. G. Wot in Sic.

a. longifolia, Vitu. Silicle rough with ele-

vated points. LL. entire.

B. mollis, Lois. Silicle rough with elevated

points. L. more or less incise.

y. ambigua, DC. Silicle smooth. L. hispid.
Root L. sinuato-dentate, attenuate at base.
Stem lL. somewhat cordate, semi-am-
plexicaul.

. levigata, DC. Silicle smooth. L. hispid,
oblong, attenuate. Stem L. linear, quite
entire.

e. lucida, DC. Silicle smooth. L. smooth,

oblong.

oO

7. coronopifolia. Silicle smooth. LL.
hispid, mostly from R., pinnatifid; lobes re-
mote, divaricate, three on each side. p. 5-7.
Proy. Pd.

36. IBERIS.

A. Fruit in a Corymb, or very short Rae.
i. Plant woody at base.

l. integerrima. ‘Stem branched, ascend-
ing, with glandular hairs in the upper part.
L. fleshy, obovate, obtuse, entire (or with
a single tooth). Silicle ovate. Lobes acute.
w. 5,6. Stony lills. Sard.”—BErt.

2. tenoreana. “Stem pubescent. L. ob-
versely lanceolate, spatulate, dentate at top.
Silicle subrotundo-ovate. Lobes shorter
than the style. Seeds semi-ovate. Smooth,
unless under a strong glass. w. e. Apen.”’—
Ber.

CRUCIFER A. 15

3. Pruiti. “ Decumbent L. obovato-spa-
tulate ; upper obversely lanceolate ; all toothed
at top. Silicle broadly ovate, half round.
Larger and more evidently rough than in
I. tenoreana. w. 5,6. Madonie.’—Bernrr.

ui. Plant annual, or biennial.

4. spatulata. Smooth. L. spatulate, en-
tire, somewhat fleshy. Sinus of the silicle
narrow, acute. a. Very high, slaty, or cal-
careous rocks. Pyx.

5. nana. Smooth. L. subrotundo-spatu-
late, entire, somewhat fleshy. Sinus of the
silicle broad, obtuse. a.b.6. High, calea-
reous, stony. Prov. Dau. Pdm.

6. ciliata. Nearly smooth. L. linear, en-
tire, ciliate at base. Lobes of the silicle
obtuse, as long as style. a. b. 6. Rocky
fields. Prov. Nice.

7. linifelia. Smooth. L. linear, entire.
Root L. somewhat dentate. Silicle with two
teeth. a. 6. Great part of the year ; cal-
careous, stony. Nice. Grasse. Lig.

8. umbeliata. Smooth. L. lanceolate, acu-
minate; lower somewhat toothed ; upper quite
entire. Silcle deeply and very acutely 2-lobed,
umbellate. a.6, 7. It.

B. Fr. in a lengthened Rac.
i. Annual, or biennial.

9. pinnata. Smooth. L. pimnatifid. FI.
inacorymb; not much elongated afterward.
Lobes of silicle divaricate, acute. a. 5, 6.
Cult. s. Fr. Lig.

10. intermedia. Smooth. L. lanceolate,
obtuse. Root L. somewhat denticulate, others
quite entire. Silicle rough, truncate, or
broadly emarginate. Lobes acuminate. a. b.
6, 7. Rocks between Rouen and Duclair.
Lorraine. Champagne. Boppart.

B. Prostii, Soy. Wit. Lobes of

forming a right angle. Lorr.

y. Durand, Bornav. Silicle oval. Lobes
acute, somewhat divergent.

5. Violett, GopRoN. Silicle ovate. Lobes
short. According to Godron the silicle
of I. intermedia zs at least as large at
top as in the middle.

silicle

ll. amara. L. lanceolate, acute, with 2 or
3 teeth on each side. Sinus of silicle nar-
row. a. 6,7. Cualcareous fields. Somewhat
shrubby.

12. garrexiana. L. oblong, attenuate at

base, obtuse, quite entire, hairless.
Stony. Pyr. Pdm. Mts. of Carrara.

w. 6, 7.

13. saxatilis. L. linear, acute, or mucro-
nate, quite entire, somewhat fleshy, hairless,
or ciliate. Lobes of silicle obtuse. w. 6.
Pdm. Umbria. Abr. Jura.

14. semperflorens. L. cuneate, or spa-
tulate, quite entire. Silicle truncate, emar-
ginate. S. bordered. w. 12.3. Fissures of
rocks. Sic.

L. pyrenaica of Lap. is not well known.

37. TEESDALIA.

1. nudicaulis. Outer Pet. largest. Leaves
somewhat lyrate. a 4, 5. Sandy or gra-
velly.

2. regularis. Petals all equal. L. not at
all lyrate. Zhe divisions narrower than in
the preceding, and more distant. a. 3, 4.
Sandy or gravelly. s. Kurope, rare. Torre de’
Schiavi, near Rome.

38. THLASPI.
£. Seeds not smooth.

l. arvense. Valves of silicle winged for
their whole length. S. many. IL. smooth,
oblong, dentate. Silicle nearly circular,
shorter than stalk. Seeds with arched wrinkles.
a.6, 7. Felds.

2. alliaceum. L. oblong, obtuse, some-
what toothed; lower stalked ; upper sagittate,
amplexicaul. Silicle somewhat ovate, ventri-
cose. Stigma nearly sessile. Seeds pitted. a.
3,4. elds. m. ands. Eur.

B. Seeds smooth. Fruit in a lengthened
Raceme.

3. perfoliatum. L. somewhat toothed.
Root L. stalked. Stem L. cordato-amplexi-
caul. Stem branched. Pet. equalling calyx,
white. Silicle obcordate, 8-seeded. Stigma
nearly sessile. a.38.5. elds.

4. montanum. L. entire. Root L. obo-
vate, stalked. Stem L. oblong, sagittate, am-
plexicaul. Pet. larger than calyx. Silicle ob-
cordate, 4-seeded. Style filiform. p. 3, 4.
Hills. Not in Eng. or Sic.

5. alpestre. L. entire. Root L. ovate,
stalked. Stem L. oblong, amplexicaul. Pet.
equalling calyx. Silicle obcordate, 6—12-seeded.
Style filiform. p.6,7. High mws. and fields.
Alps. Pyr.n. Eng. The stem L. are described
as arrow-shaped by Smith and Gaudin.

16 38. THLASPI.

T: alpestre of Linn. is a doubtful plant.
Jordan, “Amn. de la Soc. Linn. de Lyon,”
proposes to replace it by a new species; but I
am by no means satisfied as to the constancy of
his distinctions.

6. rivale. LL. entire. Root L. subro-
tund, oblong, stalked. Stem L. subsagittate,
amplexicaul. Silicle cuneato-elliptic, 4-8-
seeded. Stigma nearly sessile. a. 5, 6. Sand
and gravel. High. Sic. Gennargentu.

7. preecox. Stems many. Shoots short.
Stem L. oblongo-cordate. Silicle obcordate,
the wings in the upper part as wide as the cell.
Style passing beyond the terminal notch. S.
8-10. p. 4,5. Friuli.

8. alpinum. Stems many. Shoots like
runners. Stem L. cordate. Silicle oblongo-
obcordate. Wings not more than half as wide
as cell. S. 8-16. p. 4,5. Mountain pastures.
e. Alps.

©. Seeds smooth. Fruit im a Corymd.
Ft. lilac.

9. cepzeifolium. Stems many. Upper L.
sessile, without auricles. Silicle oblongo-obo-
vate, with a narrow wing. S. 8-12. p. 5.
Snowy. Alps.

10. rotundifolium. Stems many. Upper
L. auriculato-amplexicaul. Silicle oblongo-
obovate, with a narrow wing. S. 6. p. 7, 8.
Very high, calcareous, stony. Alps.

Not well known.

li. Schrankii. L. hispid, entire. Root
L. stalked. Stem L. amplexicaul. Cal. shorter
than Pet. Silicle obcordate. Walls. Austria.
Not in Koch.

Tribe Il. LEPIDINEA.

39. HUTCHINSIA.
A. L. pinnate.
1. alpina. Stem simple, naked. Fruit in
a lengthened Rac. Pet. twice as long as de-
ciduous calyx. Silicle acute at eachend. Style
short. p. When the snow melts. High.
Pyr. Alps. Apen.

2. brevicaulis. Stem simple, naked. Fruit
im a dense corymb. Pet. twice as long as
deciduous Cal. Silicle obovate, stigma sessile.
p.7, 5. Wet, stony, high, granitic mountains.
e. Alps.

3. petrzea.
jn a long Race.

Stem branched, leafy. Fr.
Pet. hardly exceeding Cal.

Sihele obtuse at each end. Stigma sessile. Co-
tyledons accumbent! a, 3-6. Rocks and
walls.

B. L. undivided. Style filiform.

4. stylosa. Dwarf. L. somewhat fleshy ;
lowermost obovate, in rosettes ; upper oblong,
sessile. Stalk shorter than silicle. Style long.
w. 5,6. Mountains. It.

5. brevistyla.
serrate; the lowest

L. somewhat fleshy, sub-
obovate, stalked ;

others somewhat sagittate, sessile, acute.
Silicle emarginate. Style very short. Seeds
4-8. p. 4,5. Sard. Cors.

40. CAPSELLA.

1. Bursa Pastoris. Root L. pinnatifid.
Rac. long. Silicle triangulari-obcordate. a.
38-1]. Everywhere.

2. paucifiora. Stem much branched.
Lower L. trifid ; others lanceolate, entire. Rac.
somewhat umbellate. Fl. 3-4, on long stalks.
Stigma nearly sessile. Silicle subrotundo-
truncate. a.6,7. s. Tyr.

3. procumbens. lL.
sometimes nearly entire. Silicle obtuse at
each end. Stigma sessile. Seeds 10-12. a.
3,4. Sea-shore. Pisa. s. Fr. Fribourg.

sinuato-pinnatifid,

41. LEPIDIUM.

A. Valves somewhat turgid, not winged.
Style exsert.

1. Draba. Silicle cordate, turgid, entire,
crowned with filiform style. L. amplexicaul,
lanceolate, toothed. a. 6, 7. elds. m. and
s. Eu.

B. Silicle winged, emarginate.

2. sativum. Cotyledons tripartite. Silicle
circwar. L. variously divided and incise.
a. 4,5. Escapes.

3. campestre. Silicle ovate, with scaly

dots. Style not exceeding lobes. L. undi-
vided. Stem L. sagittate, toothed. a. 6, 7.
Fields.

4. Smithii. Silicle ovate, nearly smooth.
Style twice as long as lobes. L. undivided.
Stem L. sagittate, toothed. p. 6,7. Br.

5. hirtum. Silicle oblong, hairy. Style
somewhat exceeding lobes. Stem ascending,
branched at base. Stem L. sagittate, toothed,
villous. b. 6-8. Frelds. s. Ku.

CRUCIFERA, a

6. heterophyllum. Silicle elliptic, hardly
emarginate, smooth. Style filiform, exsert.
Root L. entire and toothed, or lyrate. Stem L.
erect, cordato-sagittate. wp. Vallée d’Eynes.
Pyr.— BENTH.

7. humifusum. Silicle ovate, hairless.
Root L. lyrate and ovate. Stem L. sagittate,
entire. Stems prostrate, pubescent. Flower-
stalks pubescent. p. 4,5. Mns. Corsica.

8. bonannianum. Silicle winged at the
top. Style exsert. Fruit-stalks spreading,
or deflexed. Root L. lyrate and obovate. Stem
L. semi-amplexicaul, with small rounded ears.
Stem ascending. a. and p. 5-7. Open hill
pastures. Madonie, &c. Sicily.

C. Silicle emarginate. Valves keeled and
witha narrow wing at the top only. Style
very short. Fl. very small. Number of
parts often icomplete.

9. ruderale. Silicle ovate, spreading, short-
er than pedicel. FI. diandrous, apetalous. L.
smooth ; lower pinnatifid ; upper linear, entire.
a. 5-7. Uncult.

10. perfoliatum. Silicle elliptic. Lower
L. stalked, pinnate, multifid; uppermost cor-
date, amplexicaul, entire. a. 5, 6. Fields.
Lower Aus.

BD. Silicle entire. Valves keeled, wingless.
Style very short.

11. latifolium. Silicle ovate, apiculate.
LL. ovato-lanceolate, undivided, somewhat. ser-
rate; the lower on long stalks. p. 7. Moist.

12. graminifolium. Silicle ovate, api-
culate. Root L. incise, or pinnate; stem L.
linear, entire. Stem branched. op. 6-10.
Uncult. m. and s. Eur.

42. BIVONEA.

1. lutea. Pouch 2—6-seeded. Stigma nearly
sessile. Lower L. stalked; upper cordate,
amplexicaul. a. 2-3. Dry hills. Sic.

43. ASTHIONEMA.

1. saxatile. Pouch obcordate, many-seeded.
Style very short. Larger stamen toothed.
Rae. of fruit long. p.a.3, 4. Dry calc. s.
Eur.

_ 2. thomasianum. “ L. somewhat fleshy,
elliptic, obtuse. Rac. of Fr. condensed.
Silicle orbicular, cordate at base. Seed 1,

smooth. a. 7. Val di Cogne above Aoste.”—
Bert.

44, SUBULARIA.

1. aquatica. L. subulate. a. 7. Bottom
of lakes. Britt. Vosges. Holsace.

45. SENEBIERA.

1. pinnatifida. Silicle didymous. L.
pimnatifid. Lts. somewhat incise. Style very
short. a.7. Seaports, uncult.

2. Coronopus. Silicle undivided, crested
with little sharp points. Style prominent. LL.
pinnatifid, subdivided. Spreads flat on the
ground, a. 6-9. Uneult.

Tribe IIT. ALY SSINEA.
46. COCHLEARIA.

A. Longer Fil. geniculate! Silicle generally
somewhat 4-edged at the base. Stig-
ma 2-lobed.

1. saxatilis. Silicle lentiform, smooth.
Root L. oblong, dentate, hairy. Stem L.
linear-oblong. p. 6-8. Rocks and stony. s.
Europe. Seems cl placed in this genus.

B. auriculata. Stem L. auricled at the base.
Cale. rocks, high. Auvergne. Savoy. Pyr.

“TL. of both sorts are sometimes found on
the same plant. Incumbent and accumbent
cotyledons are found in different seeds in the
same cell.””—Kocu.

B. Fil. not geniculate.
* Valves of Silicle nerveless.

2. brevicaulis. Seeds minutely tubercled.
Corymb bracteate. L. oblong, attenuate,
nearly entire ; lower crowded. p. (w. BERT.)
7,8. Stony. s. Tyr. very rare.

3. armoracia. Seed smooth. Root L.
oblong, crenate. Lower stem L. lanceolate,
pectinato-pinnatifid. R. large and fleshy. p.
5. Moist clay. Escapes.

** Valves of Silicle with a prominent nerve.
Seeds finely tubercled.

4. glastifolia. Silicle nearly globose. Stem
L. cordato-sagittate, amplexicaul, acuminate,
quite entire. a.b.5—-7. Fields. Sisteron in
Dau. Cors.

5. amglica. Silicle ellipsoid, strongly re-
ticulate. Root L. ovate, entire. Stem L.
mostly sessile, oblong ; uppermost amplexicaul.
a. 5, 6. Muddy shores. Eng. Britt. n.
Germ.

18 46. COCHLEARIA.

6.. officinalis. Silicle globose, hardly veined.
Root L.subrotundo-cordate. Stem L. rhombo-
ovate, dentato-angular ; uppermost amplexi-
caul. a. 5, 6. Sea-shore and mns.- 10. and
n. Eur.

B. grenlandica. Silicle as long as stalk. L.

cordate ; upper pentagonal.

7. pyrenaica. Silicle obovato-globose, as
long as stalk. Root L. cordato-reniform, en-
tire. Stem L. few, dentate; uppermost sessile.
“ Differs from Sp. 6 chiefly in having almost
all the L. reniform.’—Kocu. b. 6. Very
high. Pyr. Marienzell, Sty.

8. danica. Silicleas long as stalk. Nearly

all the L. stalked. Root L. cordate. Stem L.
with 3-5 angles; uppermost ovato-hastate.
a.5,6. Sea-coast. n. Eur.

47. VESICARIA.

1. utriculata. Calyx with two sacks. L.
oblong, quite entire, smooth ; lowermost ciliate,
somewhat spatulate. sS. 3-5. Cale. rocks.
Burg. Dauph. Berne. Vall. Pdm.

2. sinuata. Sepals alike, spreading. L.
velvety, oblong, entire, or sinuato-dentate.
Stem herbaceous. p.5,6. Mte. Gargano.
Fiume. Not zz Bertolonv.

48. FARSETIA.
1. elypeata. Herbaceous, erect. L. oblong,

repand. Silicle flat, velvety. Stigma capi-
tate. b.4. Stony hills. Mtp. Nice. Verona.
Abruzzi. Sic.

49. AUBRIETIA.

1. deltoidea. L. obovato-cuneate, nearly
entire. Flower-stalk longer than calyx. Style
oblique. p. 4, 5. Rocky hills. Abruzzi.
Mte. Gargano. Nebrodes.

2. Columnee. “ L. obovato-lanceolate, en-
tire, frmged with long, simple or forked hairs.
Silicle crowned with a straight style as long or
longer than itself. p. 5, 6. "Majella. Morone.”
—Berr.

50. BERTEROA.

1. ineana. Silicle downy at first, somewhat
ventricose. p. 5-10. Uneult. Vosges, rare.
Prov. Ger. Rhine. Pdm.

2. obliqua. Silicle downy, elliptic, flat.
p. 6, 7. Uncult. s. It.

51. ALYSSUM.

A. Shorter Stamens with an obtuse tooth-like
callus at base. Flower yellow. Silicle
smooth. Seeds margined.

1. saxatile. Stem shrubby at base. Silicle
obovato-orbicular, swellmg in the middle.
Seeds 4. LL. oblong, attenuate, entire, hoary,
with soft down. p.4-7. Open hills. Sil.
Franconia.

2. orientale. Stem shrubby at base, erect.
Silicle oblately-suborbicular, slightly emargi-
nate. Rac. compound, panicled. Lower L. obo-
vato-lanceolate, repand, or laciniate. w. 3, 4.
Rocks. Lue. Cal.

3. medium. Somewhat shrubby. Fr. ina
lengthened Rac. Silicle ovato-orbicular, swell-
ing in the middle. Seeds 8. LL. of shoots ob-
long, attenuate, softly downy. p. 5,6. Cale.
fills. Carinthia. Carniola.

4. gemonense. Stem shrubby at base. Fr.
in a lengthened Rac. Silicle nearly circular,
swelling in the middle. Seeds 4. L. lanceo-
late, nearly entire, hoary, velvety. p. Walls.
Sty. Carmthia.

B. Shorter Stamens with a wing-like append-
age at base. Flower yellow.

i. Seeds 2, thevr stalks free.

5. argenteum. Stem hoary, with stellate
hairs. Rac. corymbose. Silicle ovato-orbicu-
lar, hairy, with broad border. L. oblongo-patu-
late, silvery. p. Open rocks. Pdm. Verviers.

6. corsicum. Stem somewhat shrubby at
base, hairless, very branched. Lower L. ovato-
spatulate, silvery on both sides. Silicle circular,
smooth, and shining. Seeds hardly bordered.
p. 5,6. Bastia.

7. alpestre. Stem somewhat shrubby at
base, diffuse, hoary. Rac. simple, corymbose.
Silicle obovato-oblong, swelling in the middle.
Seeds with a narrow border on one side. L.
obovate, hoary. p. 7, 8. High exposed rocks.
Nicolaithal. Vall. zare.

8. nebrodense. “Hoary, with stellate
hairs. Silicle elliptic and obovate. Valves
flat, longer than the slender styles. Stam.
toothed. Pet. entire. Rac. corymbose. Root
L. in rosettes ; these and lower L. subrotundo-
cuneate ; upper obovato-spatulate. Stems some-
what shrubby, diffuse, and ascending. w.5, 6.
High stony pastures. Madonie. Differs from
A. alpestre by ats compound Rac., the shape of
its silicles, and in having L. hoary on both
sides.’ —Guss.

CRUCIFERAE, 19

ii. Seeds 4. Stalk attached at base to
the Dissepiment.

9. cuneifolium. “Densely covered with
adpressed, stellate hairs. Stems diffuse, some-
what herbaceous. L. obovato-cuneate. Fr. in
a corymb. Silicle ovate, somewhat emargi-
nate, about equal to style. p. 7. High. Um-
bria and Abruzzi.”—TEn.

10. montanum. Stem diffuse, downy.
Rac. simple. Longer Fil. winged. Silicle cir-
cular, swelling in the middle, somewhat emar-
ginate, hoary with adpressed stellate pubes-
cence. L. hoary ; lower obovate ; upper oblong.
p. 4-8. —Calcareous hills. m. ands. Hu.

B. diffusum, Ten. Style somewhat longer
than Pouch.

ll. wulfenianum. Stems diffuse, hoary.
Rac. terminal, solitary. Longer Fil. winged.
L. hoary ; lower obovate; upper lanceolate.
Silicle elliptic, at last smooth, somewhat
emarginate, twice as long as style. Seeds 4.
p. 7, 8. Alps of Ovir in Carinthia. n. e. It.

12. flexicaule. Plant everywhere covered
with a white stellate pubescence. Stems
diffuse. Longer Fil. winged. Silicle elliptic,
swelling im the middle, not emarginate or
retuse. p. 7. Dry rocky. Mount Ventous.—
JORDAN.

13. campestre. Stem diffuse. Calyx de-
ciduous. Silicles circular, swelling in the
middle, tuberculato-hirsute, with spreading
hairs; six times as long as style; in a long
raceme. Seeds 4. I. hoary, lanceolate; lower
obovate. a. 4-6. Dry hills. m. and s. Eur.

C. Herbaceous, annual or biennial. Shorter
Ful. with a setaceous tooth on each side
of base. Flower at first yellow, after-
wards white.

14. compactum. “ Dwarf. Pubescence
stellate. Stem decumbent, somewhat tufted.
L. obovate, ciliate with tufted hairs. Cal. per-
sistent. Silicle round, entire, with hairs at the
top. a.3. £Atna.’—Bert. But Gussone,
who says nothing about its dwarf stature,
rests its difference from A. calycinum very
much on the pubescence, not stellate, but
composed of long, wregular hairs.

15. calycinum. Fil. not winged. Calyx
persistent. Silicle circular, somewhat emar-
ginate, swelling in the middle, downy, four
times as long as style; in a long raceme.
Seeds 4. L. obovato-lanceolate. Stem diffuse.
a.4-6. Dry fields. m. ands. Ew.

16. minimum. Fil. winged, (besides the

D2

Tooth.) Calyxdeciduous. Silicle circular, emar-
ginate, hairless. L. hoary, lanceolate ; lower
obovate. Stem diffuse. a. 6,7. Sandy. Lower
Austria.

52. KONIGA.

“Hoary. Stem somewhat
shrubby, erect. IL. thick, lanceolate, slightly
repand, Rac. nearly simple. Pet. 2-lobed.
Silicle subrotundo-ovate, somewhat acute at
each end, much longer than the semilinear
style. Cells with about 6 seeds. w. 4, 5.
Rocks. Gallipoli. Cape Leucas. I. of Diomed.
Fl. deep yellow.’—Brrtr. TI place this here
because Bertolont expressly says that the
Filaments are not toothed. Tenore compares
at to A. gemonense.

1. leucadezea.

2. halimifolia. Stem ascending. Branches
not spinescent. L. oblong, obtuse, attenuate.
Pubescence scaly. Silicle circular, smooth,
swelling in the middle, twice as long as style.
p. 4,5. Stony hills. Pdm. Narb.

3. lapeyrousiana. Stems woody, twisted
at the base. Branches not spinescent.
L. oblong, obtuse, Silicle elliptic, sessile.
Ovules 4. Seeds2. w. 5. Rocky. Villefranche
in e, Pyr.—JoRDAN,

4, maritima. Stems procumbent. Branches
not spinescent. LL, linear-lanceolate, acute,
somewhat hoary. Silicle oval, smooth, apicu-
late. p. 6-9. Shores of Mdt.

5. rupestris. Stem nearly erect. Branches
not spinescent. Root L. oblongo-lanceolate,
acute, silvery. Stem L. few, linear. Silicle
obovate, apiculate, scaly. p. 6. High.
Morone. Magella. Monte Amaro in the
Abruzzi.

6. pyrenaica. Stem shrubby. Branches
wnarmed. L. obovate, attenuate, hoary, tomen-
tose, Silicle elliptic, downy, tipped with a long
flexuose style! s.6,7. Rocks. e. Pyr.

7. macrocarpa. Stem branched, some-
what spinescent. L. oblong, obtuse, silvery. Si-
licle somewhat stalked (within the eal.), inflated,
obovato-cirewar; somewhat emarginate, sinuate,
apiculate. Ovules 8. w. Cale. rocks. s. F.

8. spinosa. Branches and old flower-
stalks spinescent. L. oblongo-lnear, silvery.
Silicle circular, inflated, with a border, smooth,
apiculate. Seeds 4. w.4—6. Cale. rocks. s. V.

53. PETROCALLIS.

L. cuneate, 3-5-fid at top.
Alps. Pyr.

1. pyrenaica.
Fl. pinky p. 6. Rocky, high.

20 53. DRABA.

54. DRABA.
A. R. perennial, tufted. L. rigid, and ciliate
with rigid bristles. Fl. yellow. Sp. 1-5.

B. R. perennial, tufted. L. not rigid.

i. Fl. yellow. Sp. 6.

ii. Fl. white. Sp. 7-16.
GC. R. simple. Stem leafy. Sp. 17-20.
D. R. simple, annual. Scape naked. Sp. 21.

A. R. perennial, tufted. L. rigid, ciliated

with rigid bristles. Fl. yellow.

1. cuspidata. LL. linear, obtuse. Scape
villous. Sta. equalling Pet. Style nearly as
long as silicle. p. 6. Tamburra. Monte
Cornu.

2. aizoides. LL. linear, acute. Scape
hairless. Sta. equalling Pet. Style equal to
breadth of silicle. p. 38-5. Open calcareous
rocks.

3. Zahlbruckneri. IL. finear, some-
what acute. Rac.-stalk hairless. Sta. equalling
Pet. Style shorter than breadth of silicle.
p. 6,7. Very high granitic. Alps.

4, Sauteri. L. lanceolate. Scape smooth.
Sta. half as long as Pet. Silicle subrotundo-
ovate, about as long as stalk. Style shorter
than width of silicle. p. 6,7. High. On the
Watzmann and Tannengebirge, near Salzburg.
it. Tyr.

5. olympica. L. linear, keeled, ciliate,
crowded. Scape leafless, velvety. Silicle
ovate, villous. Style very short. JV. large,
yellow. Umbel about 4-flowered. p. Mte.
Rotondo in Corsica.— BERT.

B. R. perennial, tufted. L. not rigid or
keeled.
i. FU. yellow.

6. alpina. L. flat, without a keel, lanceo-
late. Hairs branched: Silicle oblong. Style
very short. Monte Moro and Turlo in
Novarese.

ii. FV. white.

7. tomentosa. Scape 1—2-leaved, downy.
L. ovali-oblong, with short, stellate down.
Silicle ovate, ciliate ; stalk downy. Style very
short. p. 7, 8. Fissures of dry rocks.
High. Alps.

8. frigida. Scape with about one sub-
amplexicaul L. Lower L. ovate, obtuse, densely
stellato-pubescent. Silicle elliptic, longer than
the downy stalk. Stigma nearly sessile. p.
7,8. Rocks. w. Alps of Sw. Tyr. Pdm.

9. rupestris. Scape downy, naked, or
with one L. LL. lanceolate, hairy, somewhat
dentate. Silicle lanceolate ; this and stall pubes-
cent. p.5,6. Ben Lawers. ([D. hirta of
Smith. |

10. Johannis. Scape about 2-leaved. L.
lanceolate, stellato-pubescent, ciliate at base
with simple hairs. Silicle lanceolate ; stalk
smooth. Style exceedingly short. p. 7, 8.
Very high granitic. Alps. Sw. Tyr. Salz.

11. nivalis. Scape hairless, naked, or
with one or two L. L. oblongo-linear, ciliate
at base with simple hairs. Silicle elliptic-
oblong; this and stalk quite smooth. p. 7, 8.
Pasterze in Carinthia. s. Alps.

12. Wahlenbergii. Scape 1-—3-leaved.
L. lanceolate, attenuate, hairless, or only
ciliate with simpie or forked hairs, Silicle
oblongo-lanceolate, or lanceolate ; stalk smooth.
Style exceedingly short. p.7. Snowy, stony.
Alps.

a. helvetica, DC. UL. ciliate with simple

hairs, and sometimes a few simple hairs
on the surface.

B. lapponica, DC. L. ciliate; hairs simple
or forked; a few stellate hairs on the
inner L.

y. levigata, Hoppe. Altogether hairless.

13. ‘Traunsteineri. Scape about 2-leaved.
L. lanceolate, stellato-pubescent, ciliate at
base with simple hairs. Silicle lanceolate ;
stalk smooth. Style twice as long as broad.
p. 7,8. High rocks. Kaitzbuhel in Tyrol.

14. stellata. Scape one-leaved, downy.
L. ovali-oblong, with fine starred down.
Silicle oval ; stalk smooth. Style equalling width
of silicle. p. 6,7. Fssures of rocks. High.
Pyr. Sty. Austr. it. Alps.

15. leevipes. “Scape naked, or with
one L. pubescent. L. ovate, tomentose, with
close starry down. Silicle linear, quite smooth ;
stalk smooth. p. Rocks. Port d’Oo and
Mte. Maladetto, Pyr.”—DC.

16. ciliata. L. on scape two or three. L.
ovate, with short acumen, and a denticulate
and ciliate cartilaginous margin! those of the
scape oblong. Silicles linear; these and stalks
quite smooth. p. 5, 6. Rocks and stones, on
Mount Nanas in Carniola, &c. Very rare.

C. R. siemple. Stem leafy.

17. incana. Stem branched, velvety.
Down starry. L. ovate, dentate. Silicle oblong,
smooth, somewhat twisted, longer than the
hairy stalk. b. 5,6. Cale. mns.

CRUCIFERA. 2]

18. stylaris. Stem somewhat branched.
Down starry. L. oblong, somewhat dentate.
Fl.-stalk shorter than the oblong, flat, downy
silicle. b. 6. Rocky. s. Tyrol. Vall. Very rare.

19. muralis. Stem branched, downy.
L. somewhat cordato-amplexicaul, dentate,
hirsute. Silicle elliptic-oblong, smooth ;
stalks horizontal, about twice as long as silicle.
Seeds 12-16. a. 4,5. Shady cale. rocks.

20. memoralis. Stem branched, downy.
L. ovate, dentate, downy, Silicle elliptic-
oblong, velvety. Stalks horizontal, three or
four times as long as silicle. Seeds 32-36.
a. 4-6. Pdm. Mte. Canigou in Pyr.

D. 2. simple and annual. Scape naked.

21. verna. Silicle elliptic, shorter than
stalk. Hairs almost all branched. Seeds 5—
15. a. 2-4. Dry.

B. precox. Silicle nearly circular.

55. LUNARIA.

1. rediviva.
at each end.
Ger. Sw. n. It.

2. biennis. Silicle oval, obtuse at each
end. b.4,5. Woody hills. Ger. Sw. It.

56. PETTARIA.

1. alliacea. Stem L. sagittate, amplexi-
caul. Silicle flat, smooth. p.5-7. Shady
rocks. Aus. Pdm.

57. CLYPEOLA.

1. Jonthlaspi.
ciliate. a. 4, 5.
small, yellow.

Silicle lanceolate, attenuate
p. 5-7. Woody hills. ¥rv.

Margin of Silicle entire,
Dry hills. s,Vur. Fl.

C. cyclodontea, discovered by Mons. Delile,
at Port Juvenal, with a dentato-lacerate margin
te the pouch, seems to have been brought
accidentally with wood, and not in any degree
to have established itself.

Tribe IV. CAMELINEA.

58. CAMELINA.

1. sativa. Silicle pyriform, 4-ribbed, ter-
minated by the style. L. quite entire, or only
denticulate. a.6. Among flax.

2. microcarpa. “ Like (C. sativa; but the
sepals are narrower, the silicles smaller, and
with a more marked border. The dorsal
nerve of the valves does not reach the summit,
and the seeds are much smaller’ a. 6, 7.
Calcareous hills. Lory.’—GopRon.

3. dentata. Silicle globoso-pyriform, 4-
ribbed, terminated by the style. L. repando-
dentate or pinnatifid, contracted above the
lobes of the sagittate base. a. 5,6. elds.
Alps. Lorr. n. Germ.

Tribe V. VELLEZ.
59. CARRICHTERA.
1. annua. Silicle bristly. L. bipinnatifid.
a. 3, 4. Dry calc. hills. Sic, Calarim in Sard,
60. SUCCOWIA.

1. balearica. Silicle ovato-globose, with
prickly valves. a. 5. Fields on the shore. Sic.
Sard.

Tribe VI. NUCUMENTACE..
61. EUCLIDIUM.

1. syriacum. Silicle rough. Style subu-
late, persistent. Stem L. lanceolate, stalked.
a. 4-6. Sandy uncult. Vienna. Carniola.

62. NESLIA.
1. paniculata. 1. lanceolate, sagittate,
amplexicaul. a. 6-8. Sandy fields.
63. ISATIS.

1. alpina. Silicle obtuse at each end, with
a broad, somewhat leafy border, quite smooth,
three times as long as broad. p. 8. Mte.
Vesulo in Pdm.

2. tinctoria. Silicle narrowed at base,
smooth, three times as long as broad. Root L.
crenate. Stem L. biauriculate. b. 7. Stony,
open. in. and s. Hur.

3. canescens. Silicle cuneate, or lineari-
pyriform. Stem L. sagittate, with broad, short,
acute auricles, four times as long as broad. b.
5. Open coasts. Toulon. Lig. Sie.

4. rostellata. Silicle obovato-lanceolate,
narrowed into a beak. Root L. on short stalks.
Stem L. sagittate, with long, acuminate auricles.
a. 5,6. Fields. Sard.

-64, CALEPINA.

1. Gorvini. Lower L. stalked; upper ses-
sile, hastate. a. 4-6. Uncultivated. m. and
s. Eur.

65. BUNIAS.
1. Erucago. Silicle 4-celled, 4-edged;

angles with toothed wings. Root L. runcinate.
a. 3,4. Fields. s. Kur.

22 64. CALEPINA.

2. orientalis. Silicle 2-celled, without
angles or wings. Root L. runcinate. b. 6, 7.
Dry grassy hills. Inbeck. Warnemiinde.
Limburg.

66. MYAGRUM.

1. perfoliatum. Root L. pinnatifid. Stem
L. amplexicaul. a. 5-7. Fields and sandy.
m. and s. Hur.

67. CRAMBE.

1. maritima. Lower joint of Silicle short
and thick, Longer Fil. forked, L. subrotund,
wavy, dentate, glaucous, very smooth, as well
as the stem. p.5,6. Sea-shore.

2. tatarica. Lower joint of Silicle short
and thick. Longer Fil. forked. Root L. decom-
pound. Its. oblong, dentate, or incise, rough
when young. p.4,5. Melds. Moravia.

3. hispanica. Lower joint of Silicle long
and cylindric. Longer Fil. toothed. L. lyrate,
rough ; terminal lobe cordato-orbicular. a. 4.
Open hills. Catania. Sard.

SILIQUOSE.
Tribe VII. LOMENTACEA.
68. CAKILE.

1. maritima. Silicle 2-edged; upper joint
ensiform, (arrow-shaped, Sm.) LL. fleshy, pin-
natifid, obtuse. a.5-9. Sandy shores.

B. egyptiaca. lL. sinuate or undivided.

69. RAPISTRUM.

1. perenne. Silicle hairless; upper joint

ovate, longer than conical style. L. pinnatifid, -

inciso-dentate, acute. op.
Fr. Germ. Sw. n. It.

2. orientale. Silicle hairless, furrowed,
ovate, about as long as slender style. L. ob-
long, dentato-sinuate. a. 5, 6. s. It. I
have a specimen, I believe, from Sardinia,
and given me by Professor Moris, in which
the lower cell is reduced to amere stalk, about
half as long as the upper. In R. rugosum zt
as thick, and about as long as the wpper ; but
L hardly ever find a seed in tt.

6, 7. Fields. e.

3. rugosum. Silicle downy; upper joint
subglobose, ribbed, rugose, shorter than subu-
late style. L. obtuse, dentate. Root L. some-
what lyrate. a. 4, 5. Melds and sandy.
m. and s, Hur.

70. MORISIA.

1. hypogzea. Silicle hispid. Scapes 1-
flowered, curving down after flowermg. a. 3,
4, Cors. Sard.

71. ENARTHROCARPUS.

1. arcuatus. Pod round, tomentose, rough.
Lowermost flower-stalks alone bracteate. a.
3,4. Port Juvenal.

2. lyratus. Pod compressed, knotty, striped
longitudinally. Flower-stalks nearly all brac-
teate. a. Port Juvenal.

I do not know tf these are naturalized, or if
they have only been found accidentally.

72. RAPHANUS.

A. Pod spongy, hardly jointed.
wregularly disposed.
1. sativus. Pod ovoid, very acuminate, and
(including the beak) about as long as stalk. a.
5, 6. Escapes.

Seeds

B. Pod jointed. Seeds placed one above
another.

2. fugax. Pods obscurely striate. Joints
2-6, not very distinct, and not separating. L.
simply lyrate, hispid; upper stem L. lanceolate.
b. 4,5. Corn. Val. de Mazzara.—Guss.

3. Landra. Pods striate. Jomts 2-5, close,
at length separating ; exclusive of beak, about
as long as stalk. L. simply or interruptedly
lyrate. a. b. 4,5. Stony. s. It. Sic.

4. maritimus. Pods ribbed (when dry).
Joints 2-5, separated by isthmuses; exclusive
of beak, hardly longer than stalk. LL. inter-
ruptedly lyrate; upper lanceolate. b. 7, 8.
Shores. s. Eng. Brest.

5. Raphanistrum. Pods ribbed (when
dry). Joints 3-7, mostly with isthmuses ; ex-
clusive of beak, about twice as long as stalk.
a. 6,7. Fields.

Tribe VIII. BRASSICEZ.
73. SINAPIS.

Taken chiefly from De Candolle. The
nerves of the valves are not mentioned in a
majority of the species.

A. Beak ensiform.

1. alba. Beak as long as pod, or longer,
each more than half aninch, (Valves of pod 5-
nerved, Kocu.) Stalks nearly horizontal. L.

CRUCIFER/. 23

lyrato-pinnatifid; ultimate Lt. somewhat lobed.
a. 5,6. Corn and uncult.

2. hispida. Pod strigose. Beak longer
than pod. Stalks erect. L. lyrate ; ultimate Lt.
subrotundo-cordate, undivided, toothed. a. 5.
Nice.

3. dissecta. Pod nearly erect. L. pinna-
tipartite. Lobes pinnatifid. Segments linear-
oblong, sinuato-dentate, or incise. a. 3, 4.
Among flax. Sic.

4. apula. “ Pods smooth, spreading. Style
oblong, compressed. LL. runcinato-pinnate,
hairless. Segments lanceolate, dentate, acute.
a. Fields. Apulia.’—DC. Not noticed by
Bert.

B. Beak conical or cylindrical, somewhat
compressed, and sometimes swelled out
by a seed.

5. arvensis. Pod angular, much longer
than beak, about & and 4 of an ich. Beak
usually one-seeded. Valves 3-nerved. LL. ovate,
lowermost somewhat lyrate. a.5. elds.

6. orientalis. ‘Pod somewhat 4-edged,
torulose, beset with deflexed hairs, shorter than
the slender beak. a. m. Eur.”—DC.

7. pubescens. “Woody, softly villous.
Lower L. lyrato-pinnatifid ; upper oblong ; both
ruequally toothed. Pods 8-10 Hes long,
erete, hirsute. Beak compressed, conical
(hardly 3 lines long, Guss.), with hairs directed
upwards. w. Almost all the year. Garg.
Sic.” —BERT.

8. panormitana. “Pods hairless, ad-
pressed, torulose, longer than beak. Stem
rough at the base, somewhat branched. L.
stalked, undivided, lanceolate, denticulate,
rough. b.5. Barren. Mte. Peregrino.”—
Guss. from Presl.

9. ineana. Pods adpressed, somewhat toru-
lose, 2 czech long. Valves l-nerved. Beak +,
inch long, with one or two seeds. Seeds slightly
oval, shagreened. Stem branched, rough towards
base. L. lyrate, rough, terminal. Lts. rounded.

‘Upper L. linear-lanceolate. b. 4-6. elds
and uncult. s. Kur.

8. heterophylla. Terminal division of L. ob-
longo-lanceolate.

10. nigra. Pod 4-edged, adpressed, 4 to
3 inch long. .Beak cylindrical, seedless, 4 long.
Seeds round, shagreened. Lower L. lyrate;
upper lanceolate, entire, hairless. a.6,7. Clayey
banks.

11. amplexicaulis. Pod nearly terete,

small, spreading, + to + ich. Beak linear,
hardly 4; eh. Root L. lyrato-pinnatifid, or
sinuato-dentate. Stem L. amplexicaul; upper
cordate.

a.b. 9, 10. Clayey fields. Sic.

12. virgata. ‘Pods small, terete, spread-
ing, + to 1 inch long. Beak slender, somewhat
compressed, 2 to 5 lines, seedless. L. some-
what fleshy, glaucescent ; lower lyrate. Lateral
divisions oblong; upper few, linear-oblong.
Stem shrubby at base, with rodlike branches. p.
5,6. Sandy or rocky hills on coast. Sic. Cal.”
—Guss.

74. BRASSICA.

A. Sepals at last spreading. Shorter Anthers
ascending. Root L. lyrate; terminal di-
visions very large.

1. Napus. L. glaucous, quite smooth. Stem
L. pinnatifid, crenate ; upper cordato-lanceolate,
amplexicaul. Pods divaricato-patent. Beak
taper. b. 5. Uneult.

2. preecox. L. glaucous, smooth; upper
cordato-lanceolate, crenate. Pods erect. a.
Cult. in Alsace. Escaping.

3. campestris. L. somewhat glaucous,
somewhat fleshy. Root L. bristly on the back
of the midrib, dentate. Stem L. cordato-am-
plexicaul, acuminate, somewhat pinnatifid. R.
taper. Pods ascending. Beak taper. a. b.
6, 7. Morst fields and banks. Eng. Fr. Fran-
conia.

4, Rapa. Root L. not glaucous, bristly on
the back. Stem L. cut; upper smooth, entire.
R. subglobose. Pod veiny. Beak taper. b. 4.
Fields. Escapes.

B. Sepals and Anthers erect.

* Root L. lyrate (except, perhaps, in balearica
and Richerii) ; terminal lobe very large,
Sorming the greater part of the L.

5. oleracea. L. quite smooth, fleshy, waved,
lobed. Pod sessile within the calyx. Beak
very short, seedless. b. 5, 6. Chalk and lime-
stone cliffs. s. Eng.

6. insularis. ‘“ Woody. Stem erect. L.
somewhat fleshy, glaucous; lower undivided or
lyrate ; upper oblongo-lingulate, serrate. Co-
rolla large. Pet. obversely oblong, whzte,
with bloody ves. Pod long, thick, with two
acute and two obtuse edges. Beak conico-subu-
late, seedless. w.4, 5. Stony. Sard.”—BeErr.

7. balearica. (robertiana ?) Hairless.
Lower L. stalked, sinnate, somewhat panduri-
form, fleshy. Stem shrubby at base. Beak
short, seedless. b. 5. Bau Rousse, near Nice.
Mt. Condom, near Toulon ? .

24 74. BRASSICA.

8. rupestris. Smooth. Stem L. oblongo-
lanceolate, nearly entire. Stem shrubby at
base. Pod not quite sessile, somewhat 4-edged.
Beak thick, conical, seedless. p. 2,3. Cale.
rocks. Sic.

9. villosa. L. hoary, with a dense pubes-
cence ;_ terminal lobe sinuato-dentate. Stem
shrubby, erect. Pod somewhat 4-edged, short,
seedless. p. 2-4. High rocks. Sic.

10. incana. Hoary with soft down. Termi-
nal lobe of lower L. toothed; upper L. eroso-
sinuate, auricled. Stem shrubby at base. Pod
smooth, terete. Beak short, (containing one or
two seeds, Guss.) p.3,4. Rocky shores. Nap.
Sic. Very rare.

ll. fruticulosa. Lower L. with a few
bristles on the back, lyrate. Lobes obtuse,
dentate. Stem shrubby and hispid at base,
hairless at top. Pod torose, four times as long
as beak, which is sometimes l-seeded. p. Ad/
the year. Nap. Cal. Sie.

12. Richerii. Smooth. Lower L. stalked,
oblong, somewhat toothed; upper few, linear-
lanceolate. F/. resembling those of B. oleracea.
Beak with 1 or 2 seeds. p. 7,8. Stony moun-
tains. Dau. Prov. Pdm.

13. macrocarpa. “ Quite smooth. Lower
L. sublyrate. Stem shrubby. Pods terete, very
thick, somewhat spreading. Beak thick, coni-
eal, acute. 1-2-seeded. p. 2, 38. Calc. marit.
rocks. Sic.”—Guss.

** Lower L. runcinate.
14. Gravinee. “ Hispid. Lower L. oblong.

Segments nearly entire. Cal. somewhat spread- |

ing. Style filiform. Stigma capitate. Pods
terete, smooth. Stem nearly leafless, shrubby
at base. p. ns. Abruzzi.’—TEN.

** Scape naked !

15. humilis. Root L. fleshy, pinnatifid.
Segments entire, generally with a terminal
hair. Pods spreading, attenuate. Style thick.
p. Between Londres and Larogue, near Mont-
pellier.

16. -repanda. Root L. fleshy, smooth, re-
pando-dentate. Scape naked. Style slender,
distinct from the pod. p. 7, 8. Open hills.
Dau. Prov. Pdm.

75. HERUCASTRUM.

_ Lunite Cheiranthus and cheiranthiflorum to
monense, as being certainly the same species.
How far the others are different I do not
know.

1. monense. Pod somewhat 4-edged, about
3 times as long as beak (6-7 times, C. and G.).
L. pinnatipartite. Stem L. very few; lowest
division distant from stem. p. or b. 7, 8.
Sandy fields and uncult. w. Eng. Fr.
w. G.

2. Candollii. “L.runcinate, nearly smooth.
Lobes unequal, obtusely sinuate. Stem his-
pid at base. a. Sandy, uncult.’—DC., under
Brassica Erucastrum. He quotes Linn. and
Sisymbrium Erucastrum of Villars.

8. ochroleucum. “ Like the last ; but the
stamens, instead of being turned outwards, are
pressed against the pistil, and the lower divi-
sions of the middle stem L. are distant from
the stem, while, in the preceding, these divisions
are close to the stem, and embrace it. Nancy.
Very rare.’—Gopron. It seems doubtful
whether both of these do not belong to H.
obtusangulum.

4. Tournefortii. ‘“ Pods torose, smooth,
at last spreading. Beak about half as long as
pod, conical; 1-seeded. Root L. hairy and ciliate,
lyrato-pinnatipartite. Lobes serrato-dentate ;
the lateral oblong, lmear. Stem L. linear, nar-
row. Stem straight. Branches leafless. b. 3, 4.
Dry sandy hills. 8. Sic.’ —Guss.

5. valentinum. “Pods nearly terete,
smooth, somewhat spreading, longer than the
1-2 seeded beak. L.somewhat rough. Root L.
lyrate, or pinnatifido-lyrate. Lobes obtuse,
irregularly dentato-repand. Stem L. few, sessile ;
uppermost linear, nearly entire. Stem herba-
ceous, erect, branched. a. 8,4. Fiumara di
Palmi. Sic.”—Guss.

6. obtusangulum. Pods spreading. Valves
l-nerved. Beak short, often containing a seed.
L. pinnatifid. Fl.-stalks without floral L. p.
6, 7. Melds and waste. m. ands. Hur.

7. Pollichii. Pods spreading. Valves 1-
nerved. Beak short, seedless. L. pinnatifid.
Lower Fl.-stalks with floral L. p. 5,7. Fields.
Rhine.

In this and the preceding the seeds are
truly oblong, though not much longer than °
broad, and finely striato-shagreened.

76. DIPLOTAXIS.

A. Pod drooping, placed on pedicel within
the calyx. Style hardly any.

1. crassifolia. Pod obtuse. L. cuneiform-
oblong, inciso-dentate, nearly all smooth.
Stem shrubby at base. p.5,6. Gypsaceous
rocks, s. Sic.

CRUCTFERA. 25

B. No Pedicel within the calyx.
drooping.

Pod not

2. erucoides. Pods nearly erect. Style en-
siform. L. sessile, runcinato-lyrate, dentate.
Pet. white, with purplish claw. a. Allthe year.
Itelds and vineyards. Mat. Fr. It.

3. tenuifolia. Smooth. Fr.-stalks spread-
ing. Style sub-cylindrical. Stem leafy. Upper
L. undivided ; lowest pinnatipartite. Pet.
obovato-subrotund, with a short claw, yellow.
Pedicels much longer than Fl. p. 5, 9. Wadlls,
fields, and uneult. Varies with L. doubly
piunnatiid, and all undivided.

4. rauralis. Pods ascending, on spreading
stalks. Style cylindrical, short. L. with scat-
tered hairs. Root L. dentato-sinuate or lyrate,
smooth. Pet. obovato-subrotund, with a short
claw, yellow. Stems ascending, nearly naked.
Pedicels about equalling Fl. a. 7-10. Barren
fields.

5. viminea. Pods erect. _ Style somewhat
cylindrical, short. Root L. sinuato-lyrate, very
obtuse, smooth. Pet. oblongo-obovate, at-
tenuate. Stems ascending, naked. Pedicels
shorter than Fl. Pet. only about as long
a calyz. a.4-11. Dry clay. Coasts of

dt.

6. Barrelieri. Pods erect. Style angular,
short. Root L. runcinato-dentate, hispid. Stems
ascending, naked; upper part smooth. Pedicels
shorter than Fl. a. Dry. It. Not in Bert. or
Guss.

7. scaposa. “Pods erect. Style short,
somewhat filiform. Root L. smooth, oblong,
pinnatifid. Lobes short, entire. Stems naked,
very short, erect; upper part hairless. a. 3, 4.
Lampedusa.”— DC.

8. saxatilis. Pods erect, attenuate. Style
short, conical. Root L. somewhat fleshy, pin-
natifid. Segments entire. Stems nearly naked,
erect. p. Rocky hills. Digne. Mt. St. Victoire.

77. ERUCA.

1. sativa. L. lyrato-pinnatifid. Segments
dentate, acute. Stalk shorter than the deci-
duous calyx. a. 3,4. Corn. s. Eur. Nancy.

2. hispida. “L.lyrato-pinnatifid. Segments
dentate, acute, the terminal obtuse. Stalk
longer than the deciduous calyx. a. Swmmer.
elds. Agosta®’—Guss. from Prest.

78. MORICANDIA.

1. arvensis. Pod 4-edged. Stem L. cor-

dato-amplexicaul, quite entire. b. (suffr, Guss.)
4—6. Prov. Ventimiglia. Sic.

Tribe IX. SUSY MBRIEA.
79. SISYMBRIUM.
A. 17. axillary.

1. polyceratium. Pods erect, 2 or 3 to-
gether. L. sinuato-runcinate. a. 4-8. Dry.
s. Eur.

B. If. in Rac.

2. officinale.
deflexed bristles.

Pods subulate, adpressed.
L. runcinate. Stem with
a. 6,7. Waste.

C. Fl. in Rac. Pods cylindrical, spreading.

3. strictissimuma. L. lanceolate, udivided.
Cal. spreading. Seeds linear-oblong. p. 5—7.
Moist valleys. ra. Kur.

4, hispanicum. L. lanceolate, toothed,
sessile, hairless. Branches divaricate. Pod
erect. Seeds oval, three-edged. b. s. Fr. ?

5. austriacum. “Stem and L. nearly
smooth. L. runcinato-pinnatifid. Divisions
triangular, acute, or lanceolate; the terminal
larger; those of upper L. elongated. Sepals
spreading. Pods approximate, spreading, or
declined on an ascending stalk; younger ex-
ceeding Fl. b. 5, 6. Stony hills. G. oce.
“B. taraxacifolium. Pods with a few bristles,

s. Fr.

“yy. acutangulum. Pods shorter, arching to-

wards the common stalk.
Koc.

Alps. Pyr.”—

6. erysimoides. L. lyrato-pinnatipartite.
Divisions unequally and acutely toothed; the
terminal one very large. Rae. lax. F'r.-stalks
very short. Pods nearly horizontal. a. 3.
Cale. hills. Gartelli in Sard_—BeErv.

7. Inoeselii. Stem and lower L. hispid. L.
runcinato-pinnatifid. Divisions without auri-
cles; those of lower L. oblong, of upper lanceo-
late; terminal division large, hastate. Sepals
spreading. Pods ascending, twice as long as
spreading stalk. b. 6,7. Walls and rubbish.
G. oce.

8. Irio. L. runcinato-pinnatipartite. Divi-
sions without auricles; those of lower L. oblong,
of upper lanceolate. Sepals somewhat spread-
ing. Pods spreading, four times as long as stalk.
b. 5-7. Cult. and waste. lower Austr. Thu-
ringia. Vall. Fr. It.

9. altissimum. “Upperpartsmooth. Stem

26 79. SISYMBRIUM.

tall. L. pmnatipartite. Divisions of lower L.
lanceolate, somewhat dentate; of upper long,
linear, nearly entire, flaccid. Anthers very long.
Pods filiform, hairy when young. a.5. Grassy.
AIP Acquasola near Genoa.’”—Brrt.

10. Golumnee. L. runcinate. Divisions
auricled. Sepals erect. Pod many times. as
long as stalk. b. 6,7. s.e. Gs. Fr. It.

11. pannonicum. L.runcinate. Divisions
auricled. Sepals widely spreading. Stalk
nearly as thick as the pod. Cult. and waste.
b. 5-7. e. G. Mannheim.

12. Sophia. L. bi-, tri-pinnate. Divisions
linear. Pod three times as long as stalk. a.
6-8. Waste.

D. Pod compressed, or somewhat 4-edged.

13. bursifolium. LL. pinnatifido-lyrate.
Stem erect, leafy. Pods somewhat spreading.
Style short, somewhat obtuse. a. 3,4. Moist
fills. Sic.—Guss.

14, Thalianum. L. oblongo-lanceolate, un-
divided, toothed. Seeds oblong. a. 4-6, and
9,10. Walls and waste.

80. ALLIARIA.

1. officinalis. L. cordate. Pods prismatic,

many times longer than their stalks. a. or b.
4,5. Banks.
81. ERYSIMUM.
A. Style filiform, longer than pod. Sp. 1.

B. Style much shorter than pod.
i. Pod2-edged. Sp. 2.
ii. Pod with 4 nearly equal angles.
a. Stalks 2 or 3 times calyx. Sp. 3.
b. Stalks about equal to calyx. Sp. 47.
e. Stalks hardly half calyx. Sp. 8-19.

CG. Style hardly any. Petals erect.
plexicaul, smooth. Sp. 20, 21.

A. Style filiform, longer than Pod.

1. siculum. Pod prismatic, hoary, covered
with the persistent calyx. Fl. on short stalks.
L. lineari-lanceolate, quite entire. b. Sic.
Guss. from Sprengel.

B. Style much shorter than Pod.

i. Pod 2-edged. L.not cordate at base.

2. glabrum. Pod prismatic, longer than
style. Stalks as long as deciduous calyx. L.
lanceolate, sinuato-dentate at base. a. 7.
Messina.

L. am-

ii. Pod with 4 nearly equal angles.
a. Stalks 2 or 3 times as long as Calyz.

3. cheiranthoides. Pod twice as long as
stalk. L. lanceolate, repando-denticulate, or
dentate, rough with trifid hairs. a. 6-9.
Itelds and gravelly banks.

b. Stalks about as long as Calyx.

4. virgatum. Pod somewhat compressed
laterally. L. quite entire, rough with trifid
hairs. Blade of Pet. cuneato-obovate. b. 6, 7.
Bushy hills. e. ¥r, G. Sw. rare.

5. strictum. Pod somewhat compressed
laterally. L. repando-denticulate, rough with tri-
fid hairs. Blade of Pet. cuneato-obovate. b.
6, 7. Walls and banks. e.G. Banks of Maine:
and of Rhine.

6. canescens. Pod exactly quadrangular,
greener and smoother on the angles. L, lmeari-
lanceolate (sometimes almost filiform, Gay),
recurved at top. Hairs almost all bipartite,
but apparently simple, the two branches being
in a straight line. Barren branches in the
axils of L. Sepals equal. b. 6,7. Open wncult.
s. e. G. Vall. Prov. Nice. lower Austr.

7. suffruticosum. Pod compressedly 4-
edged, tomentose within, green on the angles.
L. oblongo-lanceolate, mucronate. Hairs nearly
all apparently simple. b. 5, 6. Unceult. Be-
tween Verviers and Limburg.

ce. Stalks hardly half as long as Calyx.

8. odoratum. Pod greener at the angles.
(Style short, stigma thick, Bert.) L. lieari-
lanceolate, nearly entire. Hairs tripartite.
Blades of Pet. subrotund. b. 6, 7. Lnmestone
hills. e. Ger.

9. carniolicum. “ Hairs bi- or tripartite.
Stem angular, nearly simple. Lower L. run-
cinate ; upper narrow lanceolate, sharply serrate.
Blade of Pet. subrotund. Style somewhat slen-
der. Stigma a small, 2-lobed head. b. 5, 6.
Mte. Maggiore in Istria.” —Brrr.

10. repandum. Pods obtusely 4-edged,
hardly thicker than the thickened horizontal
stalks. L. lanceolate, acuminate, often repando-
dentate, recurved at top. Hairs bi- and tri-
partite. a. 6,7. s.e. G.

ll. crepidifolium. Pet. of one colour,
obtusely 4-edged ; sides unequal. Flower-stalks
slender. Cal. bigibbous. Li. lanceolate, gene-
rally repando-dentate. Hairs bi- and tripartite.
b. 5,6. Rocky hills. Bingen. e. G.

12. rheeticum. Pod hoary, 4-edged. Stigma

CRUCIFERA.

emarginate. L. lineari-lanceolate, entire, or
remotely denticulate. Barren branches in
the axils of L. Hairs bipartite. p. 5. Rough
hills. s. Alps.

13. Cheiranthus. Pod downy or hoary.
Style not longer than width of pod. Barren
shoots from the root ; none from the axils. L.
lineari-lanceolate. Hairs bipartite. p. 5, 6.
Rough hills, sometimes at a great elevation.
lower Aus. e. Alps.

14. crassistylum. “ L. linear, entire,
channeled, hoary with bipartite hairs. Claw
of Pet. exceeding calyx. Blade obovato-oblong.
Pods straight, narrower than the short Style.
Stalks spreading. b. 7. Coast, between
Messina and Taormina.”—Guss. from Presl.

15. longifolium. ‘“ Pods somewhat spread-
ing, thick. Stigma somewhat thick, obtuse.
Blade of Pet. obovato-oblong; claw exceed-
ing the hoary yellowish calyx. LL. lanceolato-
linear, somewhat repando-dentate. Stem erect,
firm, nearly terete. Hairs simple, adpressed. b.
4,5. Caleareous rocks and walls. Sic.’?—
Guss. Koch joins this to virgatum.

16. pumilum. “Tufted. Hairs quitesimple.
Lower L. oblanceolate, obtuse, entire or sinu-
ate; upper linear, acute, quite entire. Stem
shrubby at base. FI. large. F'l.-stalks about
+ of calyx. w. 7,8. Marit. Alps. Pdm.”—
BERT.

17. ochroleucum. Pod compressedly 4-
edged. Style three times width of pod.
Stigma 2-lobed. IL. lineari-lanceolate, entire,
or remotely dentate. Hairs bipartite. p. 6—
8. Stony. Jura. Mte. Nano, in Carn. (LV.
at first lemon-coloured, afterwards straw-co-
loured.— Koc.)

18. helveticum. Pod downy or hoary.
Style two or three times as long as width of
pod. Stigma emarginate. L. lineari-lanceolate.
Hairs bipartite. p. 5,6. Rough hills. Vall.

19. bonannianum. “ L. lineari-cblong,
entire. Stem ascending. Blade of Pet. obovate ;
claw much exceeding calyx. Cal. twice as long
as stalk. Pod erect, (18 dines long.) Style
long. p.6. High. Madonie.”—Guss. from
Presl.

C. Style hardly any. Pet. nearly erect.
L. amplexicaul, smooth.

20. orientale. Root L. obovate; stem L.
cordate ; all obtuse, glaucous. Pods 4-edged.
Valves with a single nerve. a. 5,6. Melds.
Fr. Ger. Sw. Somewhat rare.

re)

27

21. austriacum. Root L. obovate; stem L.
cordate; all obtuse, glaucous. Pod 4-edged.

Valves marked with three elevated nerves.
a.5-7. Rough fields. Aus. Bavaria. Fran-
conia.

[It seemed necessary, in this genus, where
no author finds the synonyms of his predeces-
sors correct, to adhere to one writer; and I
have fcllowed Koch, except where there are
inverted commas. |

82. HUGUENINIA.

1. tanacetifolia. L. pinnate. Lts. lanceo-
late, inciso-serrate. p. 7. High stony. Alps.
Pyr. rare.

83. SYRENTA.

. 1. angustifolia. L. linear, quite entire. Fl.
nearly sessile. Pod much longer than style.

b. 6. Sandy. lower Aus.
84, BRAYA.
1. alpina. L. undivided. Root L. on long
stalks. Rac. of fruit ovate, crowded. p. 7.

Very high. Near the Heiligen Blut, and on
e. side of Solstein in Tyrol.

2. pinnatifida. Stem L. pinnatifid. Seg-
ments quite entire ; the terminal largest. Rac.
long, without bracts. Pods smooth. p. 7, 8.
Very high stony, granitic. Alps of Sw.

3. aspera. lL. pinnatipartite. Segments
oblong, obtuse, somewhat toothed, equal. Pods
cylindrico-subulate, muricate. F.-stalk shorter
than calyx. Rac. long. Bracts0. p.6 Mozst
sand or gravel. s. Er.

4. supina. L. pinnatifid. Segments some-
what toothed ; the terminal largest. Rac. long,
with leafy bracts. p. 7, 8. Gravel and sand.
Lake of Joux. Alsace. Paris.

85. HESPERIS.

1. tristis. Pod 2-edged, with a thickened
margin! partition spongy! Stalks very long,
spreading, equal in width to the pod. Pet.
linear, oblique. b. 4-6. Margins of woods.
Aus. It.

2. laciniata. Pods 4-edged, glanduloso-
pubescent; partition thin. Stalks shorter than
calyx. Pet. obovato-oblong. Root L. smooth,
pinnatifid. b. 5, 6. Open rocky. Pdm.
Prov. Dau. e. Pyr. Sic. Isl. Veglia.

Pod nearly round, hair-
Stalks as long as calyx.

3. matronalis.
less. Pet. obovate.

28 85. HESPERIS.

L. ovato-lanceolate, dentate ; lower sometimes
lyrate. Stem firm, upright. Hairs branched.
b. p. 5, 6. Thickets and moist meadows. m.
Eur. occ.

B. inodora.
L. cordate.

Stem weak and diffuse ; lower

4. heterophylla. Stalks as long as calyx.
Blade of Pet. obovate. Stem branched, diffuse.
Pods covered with short down. LL. ovato-
lanceolate, dentate. Shade. Valley of Santo
Spirito, Abruzzi.

5. runcinata.
stem glauduliferous.
Woods. Vienna.

Lower L. lyrate. Hairs of
Pet. obovate. b. 5, 6.

86. MALCOMIA.

1. africana. Stem branched, diffuse. L.
janceolate, somewhat dentate. Hairs 2—4-

partite. Stalks shorter than the persistent
calyx. Pods rough. a. 5, 6. Sand. Coasts
of Mdt. are. :

2. maritima. Stem branched, erect. L.
elliptic, obtuse, attenuate, entire. Hairs ad-
pressed, 2-4-partite. Stalks somewhat shorter
than calyx. Pods downy, with a long acumen.
a. 5,6. Sandy shores. s. Fr.

3. orsiniana. “TL. oblong, acute, slightly
serrate. Pet. a little exceeding calyx, obo-
vate, obtuse. Pods compressed, with a
short subulate point. a. 7. Monte Cornu.”
—Brrr.

4. littorea. Stems numerous, erect. L.
lineari-lanceolate, nearly entire, hoary with
short starry hairs. Stalks about as long as
calyx. Pods hoary. Style subulate. a. 6-8.
Sandy shores of Mat. and of Bay of Biscay.

5. parviflora.. Stem branched, erect. L.
oblong, obtuse, nearly entire. Hairs in stars.
Stalks at last as long as calyx. Pods hoary.
(“ Stig. obtuse,” Guss.) a. 3-5. Sandy shores
of Mdt.

Tribe X. ARABIDEH.
87. MATTHIOLA.

A. Stigma thick on the back, not horned.

1. rupestris. Stem shrubby at base, erect,
branched. LL. lanceolate, acute, quite entire,
downy. Pods subeylindrical, without glands.
Stigma sometimes with short horns. Pet.
obovate. p. 2-4, Cale. rocks. Capri. Sic.
Picenun,

2. inecana. Stem shrubby at base, erect,
branched. LL. lanceolate, obtuse, quite entire,
or somewhat wavy, hoary. Pods nearly cy-
lindrical, without glands. Pet. obovate. p.
3,4. Cale. rocks. Coasts of Mat.

3. annua. Stemherbaceous, erect, branched.
L. lanceolate, obtuse, hoary. Pods cylindrical,
without glands. Pet. obovate. a. Sandy
shores. (“s. Eur.,’ DC.) These three form,
perhaps, but one species.

4. undulata. Quite hairless, Stemshrubby
at base, erect, branched. LL. lineari-lanceo-
late, undulate, recurved. Pods compressed,
without glands. Pet. obovate. p. 3, 4.
Cale. rocks. Coast of Sicily.

5. sinuata. Stem nearly erect, herbaceous,
branched. IL. oblong, downy; lower sinuate.
Pods compressed, rough with glands. Pet.
obovate. b. 7, 8. Sandy shores, occ.

6. varia. Stem erect, with about one L.
at base. L. linear, quite entire, attenuate, hoary,
with a somewhat sheathing expansion at the
base. Fl. nearly sessile. Pet. oblongo-obo-
vate. Pods compressed, without glands. p.
5, 6. Micaceous gravel. Valleys of Upper
Vallais. Veronese.

7. tristis. Stem shrubby at base, branched,
erect, L. tomentose, linear, entire, or dentate.
Fl. subsessile. Pet. oblong, purplish brown.
Pods nearly terete, glandular. p. 4-6. Stony
calc. s. Kur.

B. Stigma horned.

8. coronopifolia.
branched from base.

Stem erect, much
L. linear, dentato-pin-
natifid, hoary. Pods somewhat tomentose,
with three short points, without glands. Pet.
oblong. p. 5,6. Cale. rocks. Coasts of Sic.

9. patens. Stem diffuse, branched, herba-
ceous. L. lanceolate, quite entire, tomentose.
Pods terete, spreading, rough with glands.
a. 6, 7. Sandy shores. Patti and Milazzo
in Sic. Guss. from Prest.

10. tricuspidata. Stem nearly erect,
branched. L. sinuato-pimnatifid. Pod with
three acute, nearly equal points, without
glands. Pet. obovate. a. 4-6. Sandy shores
of Mdt.

88. CHEIRANTHUS.

1. Cheiri. L. lanceolate, quite entire. Hairs,
if any, bipartite, adpressed. Pod linear. Stigma
nearly sessile, with recurved lobes. b. p. 3-5.
Walls and rocks.

CRUCIFERA. 29

89. BARBAREA.

1. vulgaris. Lower L. lyrate; pairs of
Lts. about 4. Width of L. on the upper lobes
equal to that of the roundish sinuato-dentate
terminal lobe; upper L. obovate, dentate. Rac.
of flowers crowded. Young Pods obliquely

erect. b. 5-7. Moist meadows and banks.

B. arcuata. Young Pods spreading.

2. stricta. Lower L. lyrate; pairs of Lts.
about 3, very small. Width of L.in the upper
much less than that of the oblongo-ovate, ter-
minating lobe ; uppermost L. obovate, repando-
dentate. b. 4,5. Morst.

3. sicula. “LL. pinnato-lyrate; terminal
lobe of lower cordato-ovate, entire; of upper
oblongo-cuneate, dentate. Stem erect. Rac.
leafless. Pods erecto-patent, about six times
stalk. b.p. 5,6. Rills and moist. Madonie.”
—Guss.

4. bracteosa. “ L. pinnato-lyrate; ter-
minal lobe of lower cordato-ovate, entire;
of upper oblongo-cuneate. Stem erect. Rac.
with bracts. Pods closely adpressed, full six
times as long as stalk. b. p. 4,5. Moist
hills. Sic”’—Guss. Gussone has neither
vulgaris zor stricta in the Sicilian Flora.

5. intermedia. “ Lower L. lyrate ; ter-
minal lobe somewhat incise. Stem L. lyrato-
pinnatifid. Pods numerous, crowded, somewhat
adpressed, short, terminated by a short conical
style. b. 4-6. Moist. Distinguished from
vulgaris by tts pinnatifid upper L., and from
preecox by its short pod.”’—BorRkEav. 3B, au-
gustana of Boissier seems to be the same
plant.

6. preecox. Lower L. pinnate. Pairs of
Lts. 5-8. Terminal lobe subrotundo-cordate.
Upper L. pinnatifid. Segments linear, entire.
Auricles ciliate. 6.4, 5. Moist. n.G. Fr. E
at Beer.

7. rupicola. “Stem anguloso-striate.
Lower L. undivided, cordato-ovate, on long
stalks, sometimes lyrate; upper pinnatifid.
Divisions few, linear, spreading. Auricles
hairless. Pods very long. p. 5, 6. Mountain
rills. Sard.’”’—BeER?.

90. NASTURTIUM.

1. officinale. Pods linear (eight or ten
times width), about as long as stalk. L. pinnate.
Its. ovate, repand. #7. white! p.6,7. Brooks.

B. sufolium. Its. lanceolate.

2. sylvestre. Pods lincari-oblong (four or

five times width), about as long as stalk. L.
pinnate ; upper pinnatifid. Divisions lanceolate,
incise, or deeply serrate. Pet. yellow, twice
as long as calyx. p. 6-8. Wet.

3. palustre. Pods oval (about twice width),
about as long as stalk. L. pinnatifid; lower
lyrate. Divisions irregularly toothed. Auricles
amplexicaul, ciliate. Pet. equalling calyx. p.
6-9. Wet.

4, lippizense. Pods linear, about as long
as stalk. Root L. stalked, obovate, dentate, or
somewhat lyrate ; upper pinnatipartite. Divi-
sions linear, entire. p.5, 6. Rough open. s.
Carniola. Adr, G.

5. pyrenaicum. Pods oval (about twice
width), about half as long as stalk. Lower L.
obovate or lyrate; upper amplexicaul, pinnati-
partite. Divisions linear, entire. p. 5, 6.
Dry. w. Fr. G. rare. Pdm. Lig.

6. amceps. Pods lineari-lanceolate, about
half as long as stalk. LL. lyrato-pinnatifid ;
upper obovate, inciso-dentate, or pinnatifid.
Stem erect. Pet. yed/ow, exceeding calyx. p.
6,7. Wet, oce.

7. amphibium. Pods broadly oval or
elliptic, about half as long as stalk. L. oblong or
lanceolate, inciso-serrate, sometimes auricled ;
lower somewhat lyrate, or, if submersed, pecti-
nato-pinnatifid. Pet. exceeding calyx. p. 5, 7.
Vet.

8. fluviatile. “Floating. L. lyrate, the
last division very large, ovato-oblong, crenulate.
Rae. very long, and on long stalks. F'l.-stalks
short. Pods nearly globose. p. 3, and in Aut.
River Anapo, near Syracuse.” —BERT.

9. armoracioides. “ Pods elliptic, hardly
twice as long as style; half or one-third as long
as stalk. L. somewhat rough beneath with very
short hairs, obovato-spatulate, unequally mciso-
dentate, sessile, cordato-auricular at base; the
lowest attenuate into a stalk. Stem erect.
Pet. exceeding calyx. p.6, 7. Moist meadows.
By the Moldau and Elbe. Boh.”—Kocn.

10. terrestre (TauscuH, not of SmirH).
“Pods elliptic, hardly twice as long as style, two
or three times shorter than stalk. L. smooth,
obovate, inciso-dentate, or lyrato-pimnatifid and
toothed; more or less auricled at base. Stem
erect. Pet. exceeding calyx. p.6, 7 Moist
meadows. Boh.’—Kocw.

11. austriacum. Pouch globose, hardly
as long as style, about 4 of stalk. L. oblong,
denticulato-serrate, cordate at base,amplexicaul ;
lowermost attenuate mio stalk, undivided, or

30 90. NASTURTIUM.

inciso-pinnatifid. Pet. exceeding calyx. p. 6,
7. Marshes.. s. e. G.

91. TURRITIS.

1. glabra. Root L. dentate, hairy. Stem
L. amplexicaul, quite entire, smooth. Pods
straight, six tinies as long as stalk. b. 5, 6.
Sandy or gravelly pastures.

92. ARABIS.
A. Margin of seeds small or wanting.
i. Stem L. cordate, amplexicaul. ‘

a. Blade of Pet. spreading, quite distinct
from claw. Sp. 1-4.

b. Blade erect, oblong; tapering imto
claw. Sp. 5-9.

ii. Stem L. sessile, not cordate or sagittate.
a. Pet. erect, oblong, or narrowly cuneate.
Sp. 10-14.
b. Blade spreading, distinct from claw.
Sp. 15-20.
B. Seeds with a broad margin.
i. Pet. oblongo-lnear. Sp. 21-24.
ii. Pet. with a spreading blade. Sp. 25-28.

A. Border of seeds none, or very small, but
sometimes dilated towards the top.
i. Stem L. cordato-amplexicaul.
a. Blade of Pet. spreading, distinct from claw.
1. brassiciformis. rect. No barren
shoots. L.smooth, quite entire. Pods ascend-

ing, on spreading stalks. Seeds without wings.
p. 5,6. Rocky hills. Vosges. Rhine. Boh. Sty.

2. alpina. Barren shoots decumbent. L.
lanceolate, acute, toothed, villous with branched
hairs. Root L. oblongo-obovate, attenuate
into stalk. Stalks longer than calyx. Pods
lax, flat, with a somewhat thickened margin.
(Seeds with a narrow membrane, Kocu.)
p. 3-8. Stony mns.

3. albida. “Stem ascending. L. toothed,
hoary with branched hairs, somewhat tomen-
tose. Root L. oblongo-spatulate. Pods slightly
spreading, smooth. Seed with a very narrow
margin of the same colour. Pet. two or three
times calyx. Stalks longer than calyx. p. 3-5.
Shady hills. Sic.’—Guss. Seems, from de-
scription, to be the same as Sp. 2, which is not
mentioned as Sicilian.

4. verna. Stem with spreading branches.
Root L. in a rosette, obovate, attenuate. L.
rough with tripartite hairs. Stalks shorter than
calyx. Rac. about 6-flowered. Pods linear,

spreading. Seeds without wings. (In two
rows, J.W.) a. 4,5. Dry sandy. s. Fr. It.

b. Pet. oblong, erect, tapering into claw.

5. auriculata. L. somewhat dentate, rough
with branched hairs; lower oval, attenuate
into a stalk. Stem L. acutely cordato-auri-
cular. Stalks hardly longer than calyx. Pods
remote, spreading, hardly wider than stalk.
Seeds bordered by a dark line. a.5. Sandy
and gravelly, s, Kur.

6. sagittata. Stem, branches, and pods
erect. L. somewhat dentate, rough with hairs,
which are mostly branched. Root L. oblong,
attenuate into stalk. Stem LL. lanceolate.
Auricles spreading. Pods with an almost
evanescent nerve. Stalks as long as calyx.
Seeds with a narrow wing, obscurely dotted.
b. 5-7. Walls and rocky hills. s. Kur.

7. Gerardi. Stem, branches, and pods
erect. L. oblong, dentate, rough with
branched hairs. Root L. attenuate, forming a
rosette. Auricles of stem L. closing on stem.
Pods very slender, nearly nerveless, compressed,
regularly knobbed. Seeds with a narrow mar-
gin, reticulate, punctulate. b. 5, 6. Meadows
and borders. Worms. Siles. Westph.

8. hirsuta. Stem, branches, and pods erect.
L. dentate, rough with hairs, which are usually
branched. Root L. oblong, attenuate into
stalk, Stem IL. ovato-lanceolate. Auricles
spreading. Pods linear, with prominent nerve.
Seeds without dots, somewhat winged at the
top. Stalks as long as calyx. b. 5-7. Melds
and rough.

9. saxatilis. L. somewhat dentate, rough
with branched hairs; lower oval, attenuate
into a stalk. Stem L. somewhat acutely
cordate, auricular. Stalks 3 or 4 times as long
as calyx. Pods spreading, compressed. Seeds
with a narrow wing. b. 6, 7. Dauphiné.
Savoy. Vall. Pdm.

ii. Stem L. sessile, not cordate or sagittate.
a. Pet. oblong, or narrowly cuneate, erect.

10. Allionii. L. smooth. Root L. ovate
oblong, attenuate, somewhat dentate. Stem L.
ovate, serrate. Pods erect. Stalks not much
longer than calyx. p. 6. Moist meadows.
Above Casotto in Pdm.

ll. stricta. L. ciliate and with scattered
hairs. Root L. obovate, sinuato-dentate. Stem
L. oblong. Rac. straight, about 6-flowered.
Stalks spreading, hardly longer than calyx. Pods
nearly erect, with a prominent nerve. Seeds
winged at top. p.5. Warm calc. rocks.

CRUCITFER A. 31

12. ciliata. Stem, branches, and pods
erect. LL. ciliate, generally smooth, somewhat
dentate. Root L. ovali-oblong. Stem L. oblong.
Pods somewhat spreading. Stalks as long as
calyx. Seeds without wings or dots. b. 7. Alps.
Sea-side at Renville in Cunnemara. Glen Esk.

13. serpyllifolia. Stem flexuose. L. nearly
entire, ciliato-scabrous, oval, attenuate. Rac.
lax. Stalks as long as calyx. Pods erect, on a
short, spreading stalk. Seeds bordered with a
dark line, not winged. b. p. 6,7. High.
Prov. Dau. n. Sicily. Pyr. Verdun.

14. muralis. L. hirsute with branched hairs.
Root L. spatulate, obtusely dentate. Stem L.
ovate, teeth acute. Rac. straight. Stalks at
last longer than calyx. Pods adpressed. Seeds
with a narrow wing, enlarged at the top. p. 4.
Rocks and walls, Cevennes. Vaucluse. Sw.
rare. It.

b. Blade of Pet. spreading, distinct
from claw.

15. procurrens. Barren shoots creeping.
L. quite entire, with short acumen; smooth,
except on margin. Pods spreading. Styles
half as long as breadth of pod. p. 4, 5.
Stony shade. Carn.

16. schiwereckiana. “L. entire, rough
with branched hairs. Root L. obovate, in ro-
settes. Stem 1. oblong, erect, sessile. Stems
somewhat rough. Pods erect, smooth. p.
Austria.” —DC.

17. petrzea. Stemsmooth. Root L. stalked,
entire, or somewhat lyrate. Stem L. oblongo-
linear, entire, attenuate, smooth. Pods nearly
erect, narrow linear. Stigma capitate. (Seeds
bordered at top, J. W.) p. 7. Rocks. Brit.
Aus. Pyr.

18. arenosa. L. villous with forked hairs.
Root L. lyrato-runcinate. Divisions extending

to base. Stem L. inciso-dentate; uppermost
entire. Stem branched, hispid with simple
hairs. Pods and stalks spreading. a. 4-7.

Als. Belg. Germ.

19. Efalleri. Lower L. stalked, cordato-
subrotund, sometimes with appendages on the
stalk ; upper L. lanceolate. Stem weak, branched,
villous. Pods and stalks spreading. b. 5-7.
Stony grass among mus. Trausyl. to Pdi.
B. stonohfera. Terminal lobe of L. cordate.
p. Gritz and Vipaccine in Carn.

+. ovirensis. Stem smooth; lower L. oval,
pectinato-dentate at the base, but with-
out detached appendages. Above Hbriac
in Carinthia.

20. cebennensis. All the L. stalked,
ovate, acuminate, coarsely dentate, velvety.
Pods and stalks spreading. b.7. Moist shade.
Cevennes,

B. Seeds with a broad margin.
i. Pet. oblongo-linear.

21. Turrita. L. acuminate, somewhat
dentate, pubescent. Stem L. deeply cordato-
amplexicaul. Stalks as long as calyx. Pods
decurved on one side. b. 5. Walls and rocky.
Not common.

22. bellidifolia. LL. smooth, shining,
nearly entire. Root LL. obovate, forming a
rosette. Stem L. ovate, semi-amplexicaul,
numerous. Rac. erect. Stalk three times as
long as calyx. Pod erect. p. 7,8. High grassy.
Pyr. Alps.

28. eserulea. LL. smooth, shining, ciliate,
ending in 2 or 3 teeth. Root L. erect, obo-
vate, attenuate into long stalk. Stem L. few,
oblong. Rac. of Fl. nodding. Stalks as long
as calyx. Pods erect. (Seeds in two rows, J. W.)
p- 7, 8. Snowy. Alps.

24. pumila. L. sessile, entire, or slightly
denticulate, shining, but with scattered hairs.
Root L. obovate, forming a rosette. Stem L.
ovato-oblong. Rac. nodding when in flower.
Stalk twice as long as calyx. Pods erect. p.
6, 7. Gravel. Alps.

ii. Blade of Pet. spreading. Stem-L., of
any, sessile.

25. vochinensis. “ L. ciliate. Hairs bi-
partite, adpressed. Root L. obovate. Stem L.
oblong, few. Pods 4—S8 seeded, as long as
stalk. Pet. obovate, attenuate, 2 or 3 times
as long as calyx. p. 7. Mus. Carn.”—DC.

Koch piaces A. vochinensis among those
which have little or no margin to the seeds,
and describes tt with creeping runners. He
adds that it 1s, perhaps, a variety of A. pro-~
currens, from which it only differs by having
shorter pods, longer styles, and L. obtuse,
though with a small point.

26. stellulata. L. rough with branched
or starry hairs. Root L. obovate. Stem L.
oblong, very few. Pods 16—20-seeded, twice
as long as stalk. p. Very high. Mountains
of Carrara.

27. longisiliqua. Stem ascending. L.
somewhat dentate, rough with branched hairs.
Root L. oblongo-spatulate, attenuate. Pods
erect, somewhat secund, eight times as long as
stalk. Stigma obtuse, sessile. p. 4,5. Grassy
shade among mns. Sic.

32

The following I cannot place :—

28. pedemontana. “Stems many, ascend-
ing, somewhat flexuose, scantily branched.
Root L. on long stalks, somewhat cordate,
reniform, obtusely 5-lobed. Lower Stem L. on
stalks shorter than themselves, cordato-ovate,
acutely 5—7-lobed ; upper sessile, triangulari-
lanceolate, attenuate at base, with 1 or 2 acu-
minate teeth on each side in the lower part.
Pods somewhat spreading, quite smooth, flat,
terminated by the somewhat thickened stigma.
p.? 8. High mountams. Between the upper
valleys of the Po.”—BotssrEr.

Neither the descriptions nor the arrange-
ment of this genus are satisfactory. The broader
or narrower margin of the seeds is an inde-
finite character, and perhaps not always con-
stant. The most natural divisions seem to be—

A. Plant diffuse, without any rosette of
root L. Race. lax.
B. Root L. forming rosettes. Pan. lax, with
spreading branches.
C. Root L. forming rosettes. Pan. erect.
These would be subdivided, first upon the
petals, then upon the margin of the seeds, and
lastly on the form of the base of the L. I have
not materials to follow out this arrangement.

93. CARDAMINE.

A. Seed-stalks filiform.
i. All L. undivided. Sp. 1-8.
ii. Root L. undivided. Stem L. tripartite,
or pinnatifid. Sp. 4, 5.
iii. All L. pinnate, or pinnatipartite.
a. Leaf-stalks with an auricle at the base.

Sp. 6-8.
b. Leaf-stalks without an auricle. Sp.
9-15.
B. Seed-stalks compressed or winged. Sp.
14-17.

A. Seed-stalks filiform. Flower, where not
mentioned, white.
i. All L. undivided.

1. asarifolia. L. cordato-orbiculate, sinu-
ato-dentate, stalked, smooth. Stem ascending,
leafy. Pods erect, twice as long as stalk. p.
6. Mountain rills. Pdm. Prov. Pistoja.

2. alpina. L. thick, smooth. Root L.rhom-
beo-ovate, entire, or obtuse, on long stalks.
Stem L. few, entire, sometimes three-lobed, or
with a single auricle, on short stalks. Stigma
nearly sessile. p. 6, 7. Very high. Alps.
Pyr.

92. ARABIS.

3. hamulosa. “ Somewhat shrubby. L.
obovate, on long stalks, entire, or acutely
dentate; upper L.-stalks auriculato-sagittate.
Stigma nearly sessile. w. 7. Calcareous
rocks.. Mountains of Carrara.” —BErR?.

ii. Root L. entire. Stem L. ternate or

pinnatifid.

4. resedifolia. L.not thick, smooth. Root
L. ovate, on long stalks. Stem L. produced
on each side into an acuminate auricle; lower _
ternate, upper pinnate. Pods erect, with a
short point. a. b. or p. 6-8. Moist shade,
high. Alps.

5. granulosa. “ Root scaly, with small
axillary bulbs. Crown with. dens? fibres and
runners. Root L. cordato-subrotund, on long
stalks. Stem L. pinnate ; uppermost nearly ses-
sile. . Stamens somewhat shorter than corolla.
p. 4,5. Meadows. Tur. Much hike C.pra-
tensis.’—BERT.

iii. All L. pinnate, or pinnatipartite.
a. Leaf-stalks with an auricle at the base.

6. impatiens. Lis. of upper L. lanceolate,
mostly incise. Auricles to L.-stalk long,
linear, frmged. a. 5,6. Shady Mills.

7. Chelidonia. L. pinnate, nearly smooth.
Lts. about five, stalked, ovate ; lower pinnate.
Auricles not fringed. 7. purple. p. 6.
Shade. Apen. Rome. Naples.

8. bicolor. “LL. pinnate, stipulate! Lis.
elliptico-lanceolate, sessile. Sepals subrotund.
p. Moist meadows. Bohemia.’—DC. from
Prest.

b. Leaf-stulks without an auricle.

9. amara. Lis. of root L. subrotundo-
ovate ; of stem L. inciso-dentate. Style Zong,
slender. Stem furrowed, rooting at base.
Anthers violet. Pet. three times calyx. p. 5.
Brooks and wet woods.

B. uliginosa, Guss.
somewhat capitate. Anthers white.

10. latifolia. L. pinnate. Lts. suborbi-
cular, dentato-angular.. Pods erect, acuminate
with the style. p.5-7. Mountain rills. Pyr.

1]. hirsuta. Stem angular. Its. of
lower L. subrotundo-ovate, stalked; of upper
oblong, nearly sessile, somewhat toothed. Pet.
oblong, twice calyx. Pods erect. Width ex-
ceeding length of style; longer than stalk,

Style short. Stigma

even before the Pet. have fallen. a. 3-6.
Moist shade.
12. sylvatica. Stem angular. Its. of

CRUCTFER A. 33

lower L. subrotundo-ovate, repando-dentate,
mucronate; of upper oblong or linear, some-
what toothed. Pet. oblong, about twice as
long as calyx. Pods nearly erect ; width about
equal to length of style; at first shorter than
stalk. - a. 5,6. Moist shade, oce. Vay. of
Sp. 11?

13. pratensis. Lts. of root L. subrotund,
angular, or toothed; of stem L. linear or
lanceolate, entire. Style very short. Pet.
obovate, three timas calyx, generally lilac !
p. 4,5. Moist meadows.

B. dentata. Ultimate Lt. cuneiform. Pet.

twice calyx, white.

14. Matthioli. “Erect. Stems gene-
rally tufted. L. numerous, with many (z2ne
or ten pair) Tits. Lis. of lower L. obovate;
of upper lanceolate or linear. p. 3, 4. Mozst
meadows. u. It. Very common.’—BERv.

15. parviflora. All L. with sessile, ob-
long or linear, entire Lts.; lowermost dis-
tant from stem. Pet. oblongo-linear. Pods
erect, on very spreading stalks. a. 6-8.
Marshy. Fr. Siles. Holstein. Lucca. Pontine
Marshes.

B. Seed-stalks compressed or winged.

16. glauca. L. pinnate, somewhat fleshy.
Its. 5-9, oblong; lateral nearly entire; ter-
minal 3-lobed. Stem diffuse, much branched.
Pods erect, hairless. Seed-stalks compressed,
hardly winged. p. 6, 7. Sandy, high. ABKtna.
Calabria.

17. maritima. Stem much branched, dif-
fuse. L. ternate and pinnate. Lts. ovate,
trifid or pinnatifid, attenuate. Pods lanceolato-
linear. Style linear, compressed. b. 5, 6.
Sandy shores. Osero.

“18. thalictroides. L. ternate and pin-
nate. Lits. ovate, 3-lobed. Stem weak.
Pods spreading, linear. Pet. yellowish at the
base. b.5. Mn. woods. Dau. Pdm. Istr. n. It.

19. trifolia. Stem nearly naked. Plant
with creepmg runners. L. ternate. Lts.

' hills.

rhombeo-subrotund, repando-crenate. p. 5, 6.
Moist mn. woods, 8. e. G. un. It.

94, DENTARIA.

1. enneaphyllos. L. three, verticillate,
stalked, ternate. Lts. ovato-lanceolate, acumi-
nate, unequally serrate. Stamens as long as
Pet. p.5,6. Barren woody hills. s. e. G.
Veronese. Urbino. Monte Gennajo.

2. glandulosa. 1. three, verticillate,
stalked,’ ternate. Lts. ovali-lanceolate, un-
equally serrate, with sharp acumen. Axils
glanduliferous. Stamens half as long as Pet.
p. 5. Mn. woods. Hultheim in Silesia.

3. trifolia. L. 2-5, attenuate, stalked,
ternate. Lts. obtusely and remotely serrate,
with blunt acumen. p. 4,5. Shady valleys.
In the Devil’s Hollow, by Cilli, in Lower
Styria. In the wood Latemari, It. Tyrol.
Picenum.

4. digitata. L. 3-4, attenuate, stalked,
quinato-digitate ; upper ternate. Lts. oblongo-
lanceolate, unequally serrate, with a very sharp
acumen. JV. pink. p.5, 6. Woody hills.
Fr. Sw. s. G. n. It.

5. polyphyllos. L. 2-4, verticillate or
alternate, stalked, pimnate. Its. 7-9, ap-
proximate, lanceolate, serrate, with long acu-
men. IV. yellowish. p. 4. Beech woods.
Near Marschlins in the Grisons. Corni di
Canzo. Apen. of Umbria. Rare.

6. pinnata. LL. 3-5, alternate, stalked,
pinnate. Lits. lanceolate, acute, serrato-dentate.
Fl. white or lilac. p. 5, 6. Woody hills. Fr.
Ger. Sw. It.

7. bulbifera. L. many, alternate, pin-
nate; uppermost undivided, with axillary
bulbs. p. 4-6. Woody hilis.

95. PTERONEURUM.

1. grzeeum. Lis. stalked, suborbicular,
dentato-lobed, nearly equal. a. 38,4. Shady
Sie. Cors. Cal.

VII. CAPPARIDEA.

Sepals 4. Petals 4. Stamen numerous.

numerous, without albumen.

96. CAPPARIS.
Stalks 1] -flowered, solitary

e

1. rupestris.

Germen stalked. Placentas 2,
Embryo curved. Shrubs with entire Leaves, and no true Stipules ;
but im some species there are stipulary Prickles.

lateral. Seeds

L. persistent, subrotund, fleshy. Spines 0.
S.5, 6. Walls and rocks. s. Bur.

34 96. CAPPARIS.

2. spinosa. Stalks 1-flowered, solitary.
L. subrotund, retuse or very obtuse. Spines
uncinate. §&. 5, 6. Walls and rocks.
s. Eur.

3. ovata. Stalks 1-flowered, solitary. L.
ovate, acute. Spines uncinate. Berry pyri-
form. S. 4, 5. Clayey hills. Coasts of

Sic. Botzen in Tyr.

VII. CISTINE.

Sepals 3, convolute, with or without 2 detached exterior ones.
Stamens numerous.

lute in the opposite direction.
97. CISTUS.

A. Sepals} ; the outer narrow, erect. Style
cylindrical. Flowers more or less purple
or pink.

1. ineanus. L. spatulate, wrmkled; haft
3-nerved ; upper narrower. . Stalk 1-flowered.
Cal. silky. sS. Stony hills. Languedoc. It.

B. villosus. i. broader, and passing more

abruptly into haft.

2. ereticus. LL. spatulato-ovate, tomen-
toso-hairy ; margin undulate ; upper L. acumi-
nate. Haft nerved. Stalk short, 1-flowered.
Sepals acuminate, villous. sS. 5, 6. Dry
falls. s. Sic. Osero.

3. albidus. L. sessile, oblong, somewhat
3-nerved, flat, incano-tomentose. Flowers
3-8, terminal, somewhat wumbellate, /édac.
sS.4. Dry hills. dt. Fr. Lig. Trapani ?

4. crispus. L. oblongo-lanceolate, curled,
3-nerved, wrinkled, downy. Fl. 3-4, nearly
sessile, umbellate, Zac. sS. 5, 6. Dry hills.
mdt. Fr. It.

B. Sepals 5 ; the outer broadest, acuminate.
Stigma nearly sessile. Flower white, or
yellowish,

i. Mower-stalks naked at base.

5. salvifolius. L. ovate, obtuse, wrinkled,
tomentose beneath, not ciliate, stalked. Stalks
hoary, 1—2-flowered, solitary, long, jointed.
sS. 4,5. Dry hills. s. Eur.

6. corbariensis. IL. somewhat cordate,
acuminate, ciliate, wrinkled, somewhat gluti-

nous, stalked. Stalks long, 1-5-flowered. sS. :

Les Corbieéres.

7. complicatus. lL. subrotundo-ovate,
somewhat obtuse, white with down, folded,
3-nerved at base. Hafts preserving an
even width. Corymb terminal, with about
three FI. on very short stalks. sS. 4,5. I.
of Lampedusa.

Petals 5, crumpled, and convo-
Germen and Style single.

8. monspeliensis. I. lineari-lanceolate,
3-nerved, villous on both sides, sessile. FJ. in
a subsecund Cyme. Exterior Sepals ovato-
lanceolate. sS. 4,5. Dry lulls. s. Bur.

B. florentinus. I. not quite sessile. Stalks
about 3-flowered.

y. afinis. Exterior Sepals cordate.

9. hirsutus. L. oval or ovate, prolonged,
hirsute, ciliate, sessile. Stalks 1-5-flowered.
Caps. small, covered with the large, hirsute,
pyramidate calyx. sS. Shore of Brest harbour,
about four miles below Landernean.

10. Inedon. L. oblongo-lanceolate, nerved,
smooth and shining above, villoso-sericeous
beneath, sessile, connate. Fl. corymboso-cy-
mose. Stalks and Cal. villoso-sericeous. sS&.
Dry. Prov. Lang.

ii. Flower-stalks with small, coriaceous,
deciduous Bracts at base.

11. longifolius. IL. on short stalks, ob-
longo-lanceolate, downy and wndulate on
margin, veiny beneath. Fl. im cymes. sS.
Barren. Donos and Fontfroide near Nar-
bonne.

12. populifolius. LL. stalked, cordate,
acuminate, serrate. Fl. in cymes. Bracts
oblong. sS. At Fontlaurier in the Corbiéres.

13. cupanianus. “ L. ovate, acuminate,
somewhat cordate at base, frmged on the
margin, wrinkled and somewhat cottony on
both sides; on dilated, furrowed stalks. Stalks
about 3-flowered, furnished in the upper part
with a solitary, lanceolate bract. Sepals vil-
lous. sS.5. Open hills. Palermo. Alcamo.
Trapani.”—Guss. from Prest.

C. Sepals 3.

14. laurifolius. LL. ovato-lanceolate, 3-
nerved, smooth above, tomentose beneath.
Stalks dilated at the base, connate. Caps.
5-celled, terminal. Fl. in umbels. S. 6, 7.
Dry hills. s, Fr.

CISTINEZ.

15. fastigiatus. L. narrow linear, 3-
nerved, smooth above, reticulate and hoary
beneath, nearly sessile. Margin revolute.
Umbels terminal, on long stalks. Sepals with
adpressed bristles, acute. sS. 5,6. Coasts
of Sic. Like Rosemary in general appearance.

16. ladaniferus. LL. lanceolate, sessile,
hairless above, tomentose beneath. Caps.
10-celled. Base of L. enlarging as _ they
approach Fl. and passing into numerous decus-
sate bracts. S. 6,7. Dry fields. Between
Cefalu and Messina. Proy.

98. HELIANTHEMUM.

A. Style straight, very short.
i. Plant shrubby. Sepals 3 (except in HZ.
halimifolium). Sp. 1-4.
ii. Plant herbaceous. Sepals5. Sp.5—10.

B. Style straight, as long as, or longer than
stamens.

i. Shrubby. Sp. 11.

ii, Annual. Sp. 12-14.

C. Style twisted at base in the Fl.
or less alternate. Stem woody.
i. L.allalternate. Nostipules. Sp. 15-17.
ii. L. ali alternate, stipulate. Sp. 18-20.
iii. L. stipulate; lower opposite; upper
alternate. Sp. 21-28.

Style twisted at base.
No stipules. Sp. 24-26.

Style twisted at base.
opposite, stipulate.
i. Fruit-stalk serpentine.
upwards. Sp. 27.

ii. Fruit bent downwards.
a. Nerves of Cal. only 2. Sp. 28.
b. Nerves of Cal. 4. Sp. 29-44.

This last group seems hardly divisible. I at-
tempted an analysis, but gave it up on finding
how much it depended on the pubescence and
on the colour of the flower—both very variable
characters.

L. more

D. All L. opposite.

E. Stem woody. L.

Fruit pointing

A. Style straight, much shorter than
Stamens.

i. Shrubby. Sepals 3 (except in H. halimi-
folium).

1. umbellatum. Young branches downy,
viscid. L. sessile, lineari-oblong,- revolute,
viscid, tomentose beneath. Stalks 1-flowered,

35

racemoso-verticillate, the terminal umbellate.
Cal. villous. sS. 5, 6. Fontainebleau. Le
Mans. Orleans. Bordeaux ?

2. alyssoides. Stigma large, nearly ses-

sile. Branches hoary at top, tomentoso-hir-
sute. L. sessile, oblongo-ovate, attenuate,
somewhat obtuse, hirsute, slightly hoary

when young, afterwards green. Stalks 1—2-
flowered, terminal, axillary or umbellate, longer
than L. Sepals acuminate, hirsute. sS. 5, 6.
Landes. s. w. Fr.
B. rugosum. I, denticulate and somewhat
cewrled.

3. seabrosum. Branches piloso-tomen-
tose, rough, hoary. IL. sessile, attenuate,
oblongo-ovate, sub-acute, somewhat rough
above, tomentoso-cinereous beneath. Stalks
terminal, 1—2-flowered, shorter than L. Cal.
hirsute. sS, Italy —PrERsoon.

4, halimifolium. Plant glaucous, scaly.
L. attenuate, somewhat stalked, oblong. FI.
somewhat panicled. Cal. with two exterior very
narrow sepals. S. 5,6. Sandy sea-shore.
Sylva Sacra. Gaeta. Fondi, &c. Trapani. Cors.

ii. Herbaceous. Sepals 5.

5. Fuberaria. Perennial. Stem ascend-
ing, nearly simple. Root L. oblong, 3-nerved,
hoary, nervous beneath, furrowed above, taper-
ing into stalk. Stem L. sessile, lanceolate,
uppermost alternate. Stipules 0. p. 4, 5.
Sandy hills of coast. Frejus. Cors. Otranto.
Messina.

6. Breweri. Stem branched from base,
somewhat diffuse. L. obovate. Flower-stalks
bracteate, erecto-patent when in fruit. a. 6-8.
Anglesea, rare.

7. guttatum. Stem hirsute. L. oblong,
opposite, sessile, 3-nerved, villous; uppermost
alternate. Stipules sometimes united to the
L. Rac. lax, without bracts. Fl.-stalks fili-
form. Outer Sepals half as long as interior,
elliptic or ovate. a. 4-6. Sandy. Fr. It.

B. plantagineum. Larger Petals serrate,
spotless.

8. eriocaulon. “Stem di- trichotomous,
very hirsute. ~L. oblongo-linear, hirsute, oppo-
site; uppermost alternate, stipulate. Rac.
simple, without bracts. Fl.-stalk long, filiform,
hairy. Outer Sepals narrow. a. Fr, ?’—
Dunat im DC.

9. punctatum. “Stem dichotomous, downy,
somewhat grey. L. oblong, 3—5-nerved, green,
rough with small starry hairs; lower opposite,

36 98. HELIANTHEMUM.

obtuse ; upper alternate, stipulate, acute. Rac.
long, grey, downy, few-flowered. a. Dax.”—
DC.

10. inconspicuum. Stem di-trichotomous,
with few hairs. IL. oblongo-linear, hirsute,
opposite ; upper alternate, stipulate. Rac. long,
filiform. Fl.-stalks short, secund. Pet. ob-
longo-lnear, shorter than calyx, hairy on one
edge. a.? Corsica.

B. Style straight, as long as, or longer than
Stamen. Sepals 5,
i. Shrubby.

11. lunulatum. Stem twisting, branched.
L. oblong, attenuate, generally ciliate on the
margin. FI. solitary, or 2-4 in a sort of umbel
on short stalks. Cal. of flower reflexed. Pet.
yellow, with a saffron, crescent-shaped spot.
w.5,6. w. Lig.

ii. Annual.

12. ledifolium. Nearly smooth. Stem
erect. L. oblong, somewhat denticulate, stalked,
opposite ; upper alternate, stipulate. Stalk
solitary, opposite L., shorter than acuminate

calyx. a. 4,5. Dry. Mdt. Fr.? Cal. Sic.
Sard.
B. niloticum. Hirsute. Pet. shorter than
calyx» Sic, Monte Gargano.

13. salicifolium. Branchessuberect, some-
what hirsute. L. obovato-oblong, acute, denticu-
late, green above, somewhat tomentose, stalked.
Stip. lineari-oblong; upper half as long as L.
Bracts ovate, acuminate, sessile, entire. Cal.
and horizontal Stalks hirsute. Stalks exceeding
L. Inner Sepals 3-nerved. a. 4, 5. Barren.
Fr. Vall. It.

a, Upper Stipules half as long as L. Bracts

entire.

B. denticulatum, DC. Bracts somewhat in-

cise.

y. intermedium, DC. Upper Stip. not half

as long as L.

14, egyptiacum. L. lmear, somewhat
obtuse, pale grey beneath, stalked, opposite ;
upper alternate. Margin revolute. Stip.
lineari-subulate. Cal. inflated, including Pet.
Inner Sepals 4-nerved. Stalks filiform, cernuous
in Bud and Fr. a. 4,5. Sandy hills. Sic.

C. Style twisted at base, usually opposite the
L., of which the upper are alternate.
Stem woody.

i, All L. alternate.
15, ericoides.

No Stipules.
“Stem nearly erect. L.

imbricate, semicylindrical, short. Rac. soli-
tary, terminal. Stalks 1-flowered, pubescent,
somewhat secund, bowed when in Fr. Caps.
hairless. w.4,5. Sic.”—Guss.

16. Pumana. Stem crooked, diffuse. Lower
branches procumbent. LL. linear, hairy on
margin, somewhat involute; lower short,
crowded; upper scattered, and longer. Stalks
solitary, 1-flewered, longer than L. Seeds fall-
ing out when the capsule opens. w. Dry.
Gothland. Silesia. s. Hur.

17. procumbens. Stem prostrate. L.
linear, lax, with strigose hairs on margin and
beneath. Flower-stalk shorter than L. Open
capsules retaining the seed. w. Sandy. Frejas.
Fontainebleau. Probably a variety of HW. Fu-
mana.

ii. All L. alternate, stipulate.
18. arabicum. Stem decumbent. Branches

rod-like. IL. lineari-oblong, hirsute, nearly
sessile. Stalk 1-flowered, solitary. Cal.
hirsute. Seeds reticulate, without hairs. we.
4,5. Dry hills. Coast of Sic.

19. Savii. Stem ascending or erect. L.
lanceolate, acute, flat, pubescent. Rac. lax. Cal.
acuminate, hirsute. Seeds even, finely downy.
w. 5. Pisa. Amalfi—Brrr. Hzcept under a
very high power, the seeds appear quite
smooth.

20. leevipes. Stem ascending. L. setaceous,
glaucous, nearly hairless. Gemmee leafy, axil-
lary. Stip. long, filiform. Rae. long, secund,
partial. Stalks bracteate at the base. Cal.
hirsute. Seeds pitted. w. 4,5. Rough hills.
Prov. Nice. Sie. Capri.

iii. L. with Stipules ; lower opposite ; wpper

alternate.

21. sessiliflorum. Hoary. Stem branched,
erect. Lower L. opposite, lineari-lanceolate.
Margin revolute. Stip. linear, ciliate. Fl. in
secund spikes. Caps. villous. Seeds smooth.
sS. 4,5. ‘Tarento. Sic.

22. juniperinum. Stem ascending. L.
lineari-subulate, cz/zate, mucronate, somewhat
revolute on margin, opposite ; uppermost alter-
nate. Stip. subulate; upper longest, not half
as long as L. Rac. and Cal. villoso-glutinous.
w. 4,5. Barren. .s. Fr. It.

B. viride. a. without hairs.

23. thymifelium. Stem procumbent.
Branches downy. L. nearly linear, very short,
downy, opposite ; uppermost alternate. Stip.
mucronate, crect ; upper more than half as long

CISTINEA. 37

as L. Rae. few-flowered, villoso-glutinous. w.
4,5. Barren. 8. ¥r. It.
B. Barreliert, DC. Erect.
y. glutinosum, Purs. Branches villoso-
glutinous,

D. Style twisted at base.

no Stipules.

24. origanifolium. Stem two or three

times dichotomous. L. stalked, ovate, hairy

on both sides. Rac. short. Pet. hardly exceed-
ing calyx. w. Mtp. Alais.

All L. opposite ;

25. marifolium. Stem procumbent, irre-
gularly branched. L. ovate or oblong, flat,
covered beneath with a close white stellate
pubescence; upper surface nearly hairless.
w. 5,6. Open hills, widely scattered.

B. vineale, DC. L. strigose above. 5, 6. s.

Eur.

y. canum, DC. UL. hairy above.

LTinneus describes H. canum as having
terminal, sessile umbels, which does not at all
suit our plant.

26. oelandicum. Stem procumbent, irre-
gularly branched. LL. ovate or oblong, not
covered with adense short pubescence beneath.
L. nearly hairless, or only ciliate. w. 6-8.
Open hills.

B. alpestre. . strigose. Rac. short, about

3-flowered. Alps.

y. italicum. I. strigose.
7-flowered. s. Eur.

Rac. long, about

Between italicum and penicillatum I can
find no difference. In all this section the
longer hairs are strigose, simple, in pairs, and
tm brushes. Alpestre has usually L. green on
the under side; but sometimes this part is
covered with long white silky hairs.

&. Style twisted at base. Stem woody. L.
opposite, stipulate.
1. Stalks of Fruit serpentine, the Fruit turned
upwards.

27. rubelium. Stem procumbent. Branches
erect or ascending. L. stalked, ovate ; lower
subrotund, white, with short, dense, stellate
pubescence beneath ; the upper stipulate. Rac.
opposite or in threes, panicled. w. 4, 5.
Rough eale. hills. Sic.

The small flower and ascending fruit give to
this the habit of the preceding division. DC.
and Bertoloni place it with the exstipulatee ;
but both mention stipules.

ui. Mruit bent downwards.
a. Nerves of inner Sepals 2.

28. lavandulifolium. Stem erect. L.
oblongo-linear, hoary beneath. Margin revolute.
Stip. and bracts linear, acute, ciliate. Rac.
terminal. Fl. crowded. Sepals ciliate; outer
minute, reflexed after flowering. sS. 6, 7.
Dry cate. hills. Mars. Cors.

b. Nerves of inner Sepals 4.

29. stoechadifolium. “St. erect. Branches
tomentoso-canescent. L. oblongo-linear, some-
what blunt, somewhat tomentose on both sides,
greenish above, hoary beneath. Margin revo-
lute. Stip. somewhat villous, lineari-lanceolate.
Rac. revolute before flowering. Fl. crowded.
Cal. villous. Exterior Sepals ciliate, greenish ;
interior acuminate, hoary. s&. Cors.”—DC.

30. berterianum. Stem with pencils of
soft hairs. L. oblongo-lanceolate or linear,
green on both sides, and with a few stellate
hairs. Stalk about as long as Cal. FV. pink.
w. 6,7. Banks of Tanaro at Alba in Pdm.
—Berr. Said to resemble obscurum, of which
it appears to be a pink-flowered variety.

31. obscurum. Stem ascending. Branches
numerous, hirsute. 4. hirsute on both sides,
not hoary; upper elliptic. Stip. ciliato-
hirsute, exceeding L.-stalk. Rac. long. Cal.
hirsute. w.7, 8. Woods. s. and m. Hur.
Includes grandiflorum, and, with it, is con-
sidered a variety of vulgare by Koch and Bert.

32. nummularium. Branches procum-
bent, hirsute. Lower L. round ; upper hineari-
oblong, hirsute, with a greenish stellate pu-
bescence beneath. Stip. lineari-oblong, twice
as long as L.-stalk. Rac. and Cal. hirsute.
w. s. Fr. It.—DC.

33. acuminatum. Branches erect, hairy
at the extremities, not in the middle. LL. on
long stalks, oblong, green, but with a dense
stellate pubescence beneath. Margin revolute.
Stip. nearly smooth, linear, exceeding L.-
stalk. Rac. hairy, lax, few-flowered. Three
nerves of the interior Sepals hairless, shining,
transparent. w.5. Nice.

34. semiglabrum. Lower part of plant
hairy; upper without hairs. Stem much branch-
ed. L. lanceolato-linear or oblong, paler beneath,
with a stellate pubescence. Margin revolute.
Rac. simple. Stalks longer than bracts. Cal.
quite smooth. J. pink. w.5, 6. Noliand
Albengi in w. Liguria. — Bert. Seems,

| from the description, to be a -pink-flowered

variety of H. acuminatum.

38 * 98. HELIANTHEMUM.

35. tomentosum. Branches long, ascend-
ing, somewhat hoary. L. oblongo-lanceolate.
Margin generally revolute, incano-tomentose
beneath, green and nearly hairless above. Ribs
of Cal. elevated, hairy. Bracts smooth. w. 7.
France.

36. hirtum. Branches numerous, ascend-
ing, grey with down. LL. oblong, hoary be-
neath with dense stellate hairs, greenish grey
above. Marginrevolute. Stip. narrow, hardly
exceeding L.-stalk. Cal. with long hairs on
all the nerves and an intermediate stellate pu-

bescence. w.5,6. Dry hills. s. Fr.
B. maoranifolium. F\. white.
37. vulgare. Procumbent. L. elliptico-

oblong, white beneath with a dense stellate
pubescence ; lower subrotund. Margin hardly
revolute. Stip. oblongo-linear, cilate, exceed-
ing L.-stalk. Rac. lax. Sepals without ‘long
hairs on the imner nerve (except quite at the
base), and with an intermediate stellate pu-
bescence. w.6-8. Dry pastures.

B. surrejanus. Pet. lanceolate.

38. arcuatum. “ Procumbent. L. nearly
round, hoary beneath with a dense stellate
pubescence; green and nearly smooth above,
ciliate ; upper oblongo-lanceolate. Stip. ciliate.
Cal. green, oval when in Fr. Inner Sepals
acuminate. p. 4,5. Calc. rocks. Madonie.
Calab. ?’—Guss.

39. hispidum. Branches ascending, to-
mentose. L. stalked, oblong, somewhat mu-
cronate ; hoary beneath, green and rough above.
Margin revolute. Cal. hirsute. Pet. white.
w. s. Fr—DC.

40. roseum. Stem decumbent, covered
with grey dust, and, especially in the upper
part, with small stellate hairs. Lower L. ovate ;
upper oblong. Stalks longer than calyx. LV.
deep pink. w.5,6. Dry hills. w. Lig. Pyr.

41. croceum. “Hoary with stellate hairs.
Stem decumbent. Lower L. subrotund or
elliptic ; upper oblong. Stip. short. Sepals
somewhat acute. w.5, 7. Calc. hills. It.
Differs chiefly from vulgare by tts covering of
stellate hairs, its few-flowered raceme, and
abruptly acute sepals.” —BuERv.

42. pulverulentum. Prostrate. Branches
numerous, hoary. L. oblongo-linear, obtuse,
hoary beneath, glaucous above. Stip. subu-
late, exceeding stalk. Cal. hairy on nerves
with fine stellate down between them. w.
6,7. Barren hills. Somersetshire. m. and
s. Hur.

[I prefer this name to polifolium, because
Linneeus describes the latter Calycibus levibus,
as opposed to Calycibus hispidis of the neigh-
bouring species. | 3

43. pilosum. Stem twisted at base.
Branches slender, erect, “rarely a little ascend-
ing towards the base.” L. small, very narrow
and closely revolute on margin. Cal. and
Caps. small. w. Narb. Prov.—Jorpan.

[I do not mark this as a quotation, because I
do not know if I have extracted from his de-
tailed description the characters on which Mr.
Jordan would depend. He distinguishes also,

apenninum, With flat, oval, oblong L. Sepals
downy.

polifolium, with flat, oval, oblong L. Sepals
shining, This he adopts from DC. without
being acquainted with the plant.

pulverulentum, with oblong or linear L.,

somewhat revolute on the margin. Branches
spreading.

velutinum. lL. oblong or linear-oblong, at
last flat. Branches erect.

—All of which seem to me to belong to H.
pulverulentum. |

44, morisianum. Covered everywhere
with stellate hairs. Stem much branched. L.
short, oblongo-lanceolate, tomentose beneath.
Margin revolute. Nerves of Cal. ciliate. FV.
pink, w.5,6. IMns. Arcidano in Sard.—
Bert.

45. Thibaudi. “Tomentose. L. linear.
Margin revolute. FI. cernuous, fringed with
glands. Sepals oblique, somewhat three-edged ;
outer lanceolate, reflexed. Sepals resembling
the elytra of an msect. w. Corsica.”’—
Pers. from Herbarium of Thibaud. Ths
seems a remarkable plant, but rt ts not noticed
by DC., Duby, or Bert. Is it possible that
Persoon took for sepals the open valves of the
capsule ?

39

IX. VIOLARIA.

Calyx of 5 Sepals.

99. VIOLA.

J follow Koch in this genus, because, though
fully persuaded that the species are not all
sound, yet I could not determine with confi-
dence what ought to be rejected. Ihave added
what was necessary from other authors in the
words of the author, giving to the reader all
the knowledge I have been able to attain on
the subject. The shape of the L. is of those
of summer ; of the Stipules, those of the middle
of the stem.

A. Style nearly straight. (Stigma with a
perforate Beak, DC.)

i. Stemless. Fruit-stalks erect.
nodding. Sp. 1-4.

ii. Stemless. Fruit-stalks lying down. Sp.
5-11.

iii. With astem. Fruit-stalks erect.
a. Primary shoot short and_ barren.

Flowerimg stems lateral, from among
the L.. Sp. 12-14.

b. Primary shoot lengthened and bearing
flowers. Sp. 15.

B. Style sharply bent. Stigma flat (with an
opening between its two lobes, DC.). Sp. 24.

Caps.

G. Styleascending. Stigma large, urceolate,
with a beard on each side.

i. L. quite entire. Sp. 25-27.
ii. L. crenate. Sp. 28-85.

A. Style nearly straight.
i. No Stem. Stalks erect.

1. pinnata. Root somewhat woody (not
fleshy). LL. multipartite ; outline nearly round.
Stigma somewhat three-edged. p. 6,7. Moun-
tain pastures. Alps. rare.

2. palustris. Root scaly. All L. reni-
form (broader than long). Stip. free, ovate,
acuminate. Middle Pet. with violet veins.
p. 5,6. Bogs.

3. epipsila. Lower L. reniform; second
cordate. Stip. free, ovate, acuminate. Pet.
not veiny. p.5. Bogs and woods. Salz-
burg. Laybach. Intermediate im appearance
between palustris and hirta.

Caps. nodding.

Corolla of 5 Petals, the lower with a spur.
prolonged into a dry membrane.

Summit of the Anthers

Germen 1. Style 1.

4. uliginosa. LL. cordate. Stalk winged.
Stip. lanceolate, glanduloso-denticulate, at-
tached for above half their length to the L.-

stalk. p.3,4. Bogs. Carn. Sil. Leipzig.
ii. No Stem. Fruit-stalk lying on the

ground.

5. sciaphila. No runners.
with a shallow, open sinus.
fringed. Caps. oblongo-oval, quite smooth.
p. 4,5. Shady hills. Sw. Tyr.

6. ambigua. No runners. L. cordate,
with a shallow, open sinus. Stip. lanceolate,
fringed. Caps. ovate, downy. p. 4,5. Pas-
‘tures. Vallais.

7. collina. Runners short, or wanting.
L. cordate, with a deep sinus. Stip. lanceolate.
Fringe hispid. Caps. globose, downy. p. 4,5.
Shade. Ratisbon and along foot of Alps.

8. hirta. Runnersshort, or wanting. L.
cordate, prolonged, with a deep sinus. Stip.
lanceolate. Frmge smooth. Caps. globose,
downy. p. 4, 5. Pastures and shade. Distin-
guished from V. odorata by the general want
of runners, which, when they occur, flower
within the year, the longer L., the position of
the Bracts, decidedly below middle of Stalk,
the want of smell, the smaller Caps. and fewer
Seeds ; and, according to BaB., by the linear
Spurs to the Anthers.

L. cordate,
Stip. lanceolate,

9. odorata. Runners long (not flowering
till the year after their production, Gopr.). L.
cordate, with a deep sinus. Stip. ovato-
lanceolate, acute. Fringe much narrower than
half the width of stipules. Caps. globose,
downy. (Spur of Anthers lanceolate, BERT.)
p. 3,4, Woods and banks.

10. suavis. Runners long. L. cordate,
with a deep sinus. Stip. lanceolate, cuspidate.
Fringe downy, more than half the width of
stipules. Caps. globose, downy. p. 3, 4.
Banks of the Viadre at Frankfort-on-Oder.

11. alba. (Runners bearing flowers the
year of their production, Gopr.) L. trian-
gulari-cordate, abruptly acuminate, with a
deep but open sinus. p..3, Calcareous woods.
Nancy. -

40 99. VIOLA.

ili. Plants with a Stem. Fruit-stalks erect.

a. Primary shoots barren. Flowering
Stems lateral, from among leaves.

12. mirabilis. Petaliferous Fl. from near
the root ; fructiferous from stem only. Stem
erect, with a line of hairs. IL. reniformi-
cordate, somewhat acuminate. Three Sepals,
very large, acuminate. Spur long, cylindrical.
p. 4,5. Cale. woods. Lorr. common. Dau.
Pdm.

13. arenaria. Decumbent. LL. cordate,
obtuse. Stip. ovato-oblong, fimbriato-serrate,
many times shorter than L.-stalk. Caps.
ovate, somewhat acute. p.5,6. Sandy fields
and pine woods. Rhine. Vall.

14. sylvatica. Ascending. L. ovali-
cordate or subreniform ; lower obtuse ; upper
somewhat acuminate. Stip. lineari-lanceolate,
fringed, ciliate. Cilia as long as the width of
the stipule. Caps. smooth, acute. p. 3, 4.
Woods and hedges.—GovRon.

B. riviniana, Rows. Flowers larger. Spur
whitish.

b. Primary shoots lengthened and bear-
ing flowers.

15. canina. Decumbent. LL. oblongo-

cordate, somewhat acute. Stip. oblongo-lan-

ceolate, fimbriato-serrate, many times shorter

than L.-stalk. Caps. truncato-obtuse, apicu-
late, smooth. p. 5,6. Woods, thickets, and
heaths.

16. Allionii. “Small, hairy. Stems
decumbent. L. cordato-subrotund, minutely
crenate. Stip. remotely serrate. Sepals
lanceolate, acute. Caps. ellipsoid, very obtusely
keeled. p. 6. It. Alps.’—Berrr. <Accord-
img to Bert., the valves of the Caps. in V.
canina are acutely keeled. I do not find
them so.

17. lactea. “ L. ovato-lanceolate, rounded
below and narrowed into the L.-stalk. Lower-
most cordate. Stip. lineari-lanceolate, inciso-
serrate, shorter than L.-stalk. Caps. oblong,
acute, hairless. FV. pale blue. p.5,6. Sandy
heaths.” —Baxs. 'T. Wells and Heathfield. n.
and w. Fr.

18. Schultzii. Erect, smooth. LL. cor-
date, somewhat acuminate. Stalk winged at
the top. Stip. oblongo-lanceolate, deeply
toothed. Sepals acute. Spur two or three
times as long as appendages to calyx, acute,
curved upwards, forked. FV. at first yellowish,
afterwards quite white. p. 4, 5. Boggy
meadows. Als. Laybach.

19. stagnina. Erect, smooth. L.oblongo-
lanceolate, on a cordate base. Stalk winged at
the top. Stip. lanceolate, acuminate, fimbriato-
serrate, about half as long as L.-stalk. Sepals
acute. Spur about equalling appendages to
calyx. p.5,6. Wet. G.e. Fr.

20. stricta. Hrect, smooth. LL. cordate,
somewhat acuminate. Stalk winged in the
upper part. Stip. oblongo-lanceolate, about
half as long as stalk ; upper equalling L.-stalk.
Sepals acute. Spur obtuse, somewhat longer
than appendage. p. 5,6. Open woods. n.
e.G. Koch depends a good deal on the winged
leaf-stalk ; but in all this section the leaf-
stalk is winged at the top, and more in the
upper than in the lower L. V. stricta is said
to have nearly the L. of canina, and the large
Stipules of stagnina.

21. pratensis. Erect, smooth. L. lan-
ceolate, on an ovate base, attenuate into a
winged stalk. Stip. leafy, oblongo-lanceolate,
inciso-dentate, longer than L.-stalk. Spur
about equalling appendage of calyx. p. 5, 6.
Meadows, rarely in woods. G. occ.

22. elatior. Erect, downy. L. lanceolate,
on a somewhat cordate base. Stalk winged.
Stip. leafy, oblongo-lanceolate, inciso-dentate,
longer than L.-stalk. p.5-7. Woods and
most meadows. G.

23. arborescens. Stem woody! L.
lanceolate. Stip. adhering. No Bracts. Valves
of Caps. boat-like, obtuse. Seeds few, ovate.
w. 2. Rocks and sandy shores. Narbonne.

B. Style sharply bent. No Beak to Stigma.
A Pore between the lobes of Stigma.

24. biflora. Stem with about two L. and
two Fl. L. reniform, crenate. Stip. ovate,
quite entire. p. 5-8. Moist woody hills.
Alps. Sil. Fr.

C. Style ascending. Stigma large, bladder-
like, with beard on each side.
i. L. quite entire.
25. nummulariifolia. L. subrotund,
shorter than stalk. Stip. lanceolate, undivided,
remotely serrate. Sepals oblongo-lanceolate,

acute. Spur very short and blunt. p. 7. e.
Alps. Cors.

26. comollia. L. elliptico-subrotund,
somewhat cordate at base, somewhat repand.
Stip. linear, quite entire. Sepals frmged. Spur
very short and blunt. p. 7. Js. Valtelline.

27. cenisia. Lower L.ovate; upper gene-
rally oblong. Stip. entire and palmate; seg-

VIOLARLEA, A |

ments spatulate. Sprr as long as_ sepals.
Shoots filiform, creeping. wp. 7,8. Very high.
s. Alps.

ii. L. crenate.

28. alpina. Stemless. L. tufted, subro-
tundo-cordate. Stip. oblong, attached beyond
the middle, cloven at top. p.7,8. Very high.
e. Alps.

29. cornuta. “R. fibrous. Stem ascend-
ing. L. cordate, ciliate. Stip. obliquely
cordate, inciso-dentate, ciliate. Sepals subulate.
Spur subulate, longer than calyx. p. 6, 7.
High. Pyr.”—DC.

30. calearata. Runners filiform, creeping.
Stems simple. L. ovate; upper narrower.
Stip. entire, trifido-dentate, or somewhat pin-
natifid. Sepals oblong, glanduloso-denticulate.
Spur subulate, as long as petals. op. 7, 8.
Mountain pastures. Alps.

Fl. yellow.

31. tricolor. LL. crenate; lower cordate.
Stip. lyrato-pmnatifid; the middle division
crenate. Spur about twice as long as append-
ages of calyx. Root simple. Stems branched.
a. 5-9. elds.

B. saxatihs; Scum. Fl. all yellow. -

y- bannatica, Kir. Most of the L. cordate.
Cor. pale, not exceeding calyx.

B. Zoysi.

8. arvensis.

32. rothomagensis. Lower L. cordate.
Stip. lyrato-pinnatifid; the middle division
broader and quite entire. Spur about twice as
long as appendages to calyx. Root simple.

Stems much branched. b. (or a.) 5-9. Chalhy
rocks of St. Adrien, near Rouen, Spa.

33. prostrata. “Root nearly simple.
Stems dectunbent. Lower L. subrotund ; wpper
ovate; all somewhat cordate, and coarsely
toothed. Teeth cartilaginous. Stip. pinnatifid ;
the middle division oblong, entire. Spur very
short and blunt. p. Apen.”—DC.

34. lutea. Lower L. cordate; upper lan-
ceolate. Stip. digitato-multipartite ; divisions

linear; the middle one broadest. Spur hardly
exceeding appendages of calyx. Shoots creep-
ing, filiform. ‘Stems nearly simple. p. 5, 6.
Hills and mountains.

35. heterophylla. Lower L. ovate or
oblong ; upper lineari-lanceolate. Stip.digitato-
multipartite; the middle division hardly broader.
Spur exceeding appendages of calyx. Shoots
creeping. Stem simple. p.7,8. Rocks. Lig.
Corni di Canzo. Aus. Alps.

JorpsaNn (“ Annales de la Soe. Linn. de
Lyon’) has proposed several other species of
this section; but as he gives no specific cha-
racters, it is difficult to tell on what he rests
in determining species. He arranges them in
three groups. The plants of the first are
strictly annual, and their stems nearly solitary.
In the second, many stems arise from the
crown of the root. Flowers are usually pro-
duced in the first year, and the plant lives two

or three. In the third group they are strictly
perennial. The author promises further eluci-
dations.

X. RESEDACE.

Sepals 4-6.

Petals 4-6, unequal; some of them divided or lacimate, not spurred. Stamens

10-24. Filaments variously wiited, inserted on a disk, which is prolonged above into a necta-

riferous Scale.
longitudinal, parietal Placentas.

100. RESEDA,

A. Leaves all undivided.

1. purpurascens. “Stigmas5. L. linear.
In Collibus Salmanticis, Monsp.”-— Lin.

2. erispata. Sepals 4. Stigmas 3. L.
lanceolato-linear, repando-undulate, with a
subrotund gland on each side of the base.
Upper Pet. three times as long as calyx. a,
b. 5,6. Bocea di Faleo in Sic.—Berr.

Germen 3-6-lobed, each lobe terminated by a Style.

Seeds many, on three

3. glauca. Sepals 5. Stigmas 2. L.
linear, with an acute, stipule-like tooth on each-
side of the base. p. 6,7. Open stony. e.
Pyr. Mte. Lupo.

4, Soutecla. Sepals 4. Stigmes3 or4. L.

lanceolato-linear, with a subulate tooth on each
side of the base.

B. Lower L. undivided ; upper divided.

5. gracilis. Sepals 6.. Upper E. trifido-

42 100. RESEDA.

subbipmnate: Segments very narrow, mucronu-
late. Caps. deeply 3-horned. a.5, 6. Lucania.
Cal.

6. lutea. Sepals 6. Upper L. trifido-
bipinnatifid. Horns of Caps. very short. b.
6-8.

7. Phyteuma. Sepals 6. Upper L.
simply trifid. Styles 3. a. 6-8. Fields. s. Bur.

C. All L. pinnatifid.

8. suffruticulosa. Sepals 5, rarely 6.
Caps. with four short horns. p. or somewhat
shrubby. 5-8. Sandy shores of Mdt. Lscapes
in E. and n. Fr.

101. ASTROCARPUS.

1. sesamoides. LL. undivided, linear or
lanceolate. p. 5,6. s.w. Fr. Lig. Sard. Cors.

XI. DROSERACEA.

Sepals 5, imbricate im the bud. Corolla regular, of 5 Petals.
Seeds parietal.

3-5. Germen of | or 8 cells.
Young L. rolled up.

102. DROSERA.

1. rotundifolia. L. circular, shorter than
their hairy stalks. Scape erect, three times as
long as L. (Seeds taper, narrow, with fine
longitudinal stripes, GoDRON.) (Coat of seeds
chafly, Bas.) p. 7,8. Bogs. m.andn. Kur.

2. longifolia. L. obovate, longer than
their hairless stalks. Scape ascending, hardly
exceeding L. (Seeds ovoid, oblong, somewhat
wrinkled, Gopron.) (Coat of seeds rough,
not chaffy, Bas.) p. 7,8. Bogs. m. and

n. Kur.

3. amglica. LL. oblongo-cuneate, as long
as their hairless stalks. Scape erect, twice as

Anthers terminal. Styles
Embryo straight, in a fleshy albumen.

long as L. (Seeds oblong, ovoid, somewhat
rugose, GODRON.) (Seeds with a loose chafty
coat, Bas.) p. 7,8. Bogs. m. and n. Hur.
oce.

B. obovata, M. and K. L. obovate.
108. ALDROVANDA.

1. vesiculosa. lL. verticillate, almost
bladdery. Stalks ending in six bristles. p.
ora.?8. Stili water. Arles. It. oce.

104, PARNASSTA.

1. palustris. I. cordate.
each nectary numerous.
moist sand. Not im Sve.

Bristles of
p. 7,8. Bogs and

XII. POLYGALEA.

Sepals 5, the two inner much larger and petal-like, forming two wings. Petals 3 or 4, more

or less united with the tube of the stamens.
sets upwards.

105. POLYGALA.

A. Filaments united almost to summit in
two sets. Crest of Corolla many-cleft.

i, Wings \-nerved.

1. saxatilis. LL. oblongo-lanceolate, mu-
cronate. Rac. lateral, 2—-6-flowered. Wings
elliptic. p.6. Rocky thickets. Narb. Mars.

2. exilis. Erect, much branched. L.
linear, somewhat fleshy. Rac. lax, terminal.
Wings oval, obtuse. a. 7, 8.
Durance. Castellone.

Sandy bed of

Filaments united at base, free, or divided into two
Anthers 1-celled, opening by a pore at the top.

ii. Wings 3-nerved. Nerves not anasto-
mosing.

3. monspeliaca. Stem erect, nearly
simple. LL. lineari-lanceolate. Wings elliptic,
covering the Caps., which is twice as long as
broad. a. 4,5. . Barren. Coasts of Mat.

4. amara. Much branched. LL. obovate,
forming rosettes at end of shoots. Wings much
narrower than Caps., which is about as long as
broad. p. 6-8. Cale. hills and moist mea-
dows. occ. El. much smaller than those of
P. vulgaris. ;

POLYGALE.

“B. amblyptera. Wing almost as broad as
capsule.”—Kocu.

““. alpestris. Dwarf. ven the upper-
most L. elliptic.’ —Kocn.

Ҥ. austriaca. Fl. very small. Wings
often shorter than capsule.’— Kocu.

“e, uliginosa. Fl. small. Caps. forming
an angle at the base.” —Gopron,

ii. Wings 3-nerved. Nerves with arched

anastomosing veins.

5. Preslii. “Quite smooth. Stems
ascending. L. somewhat serrulate; lowest
obovate ; upper elliptic, attenuate. Rac. ter-
minal. Wings elliptic, acute at each end,
shorter than corolla, longer than nearly sessile
capsule. p. 4-6. Open meadows. Everywhere
in Sic. Pet. and Bracts pink. Wings green
or whitish.” —Guss.

6. calearea. Shocts long, ending in ro-
settes supporting the flowering branches and
many-flowered terminal raceme. lL. obovate.
Lateral Bracts shorter than flower-stalk.
Germen in the Fl. as long as its stalk. p. 4-6,
Cale. hills. _ Fr. Gweibriicken.

7. vulgaris. Norosettes. LL. lanceolate,
the lower elliptic. Rac. terminal. Lateral
Bracts about half as long as flower-stalk.
Germen in the Fl. about as long as its stalk.
p- 5,6. Dry pastures.

B. oxyptera. Wings acute, narrower than

capsule.

y. alpestris. Dwarf. Rac. short and dense.

8. depressa. L. lanceolate; lower ellip-
tic, obtuse, opposite. Rac. 5—8-flowered, at
first terminal, but a lateral branch from the

43

upper L. often at last overtops it. Lateral
bracts half as long as flower-stalk. p. 5, 6.
Boggy meadows. Fr. Rhine. Holstein.

9. comosa. UL. lineari-lanceolate; lowest
elliptic, Rac. terminal, many-flowered. Lateral
bracts as long as flower-stalk. Wings elliptic.
Germen in the flower about as long as its
stalk. p. 5,6. Dry pastures. oce.

10. miczeensis. LL. lanceolate; lower
elliptic. Rac. terminal, many-flowered. Lateral
bracts as long as flower-stalk. Wings ovato-
subrotund. Germen in flower about as long as
its stalk. p. 5, 6. Grassy hills. Nice.
Trieste.

11. major. L. lineari-lanceolate. Rac. ter-
minal, many-flowered. Wings elliptic. Stalk
three or four times as long as germen, p. 5, 6.
Dry pastures. \ower Aus. It.

iv. Wings 5-nerved and full of veins.

12. flavescens. Stem ascending. L.
lineari-lanceolate. Rac. terminal, many-
flowered. Wings elliptic, exceeding corolla.
Germen nearly sessile. p. 5-8. Barren.
Rome. Nap. LV. yellowish or dingy purple.

13. rosea. “Stem erect. Lower L. obo-
vate; upper lanceolate. Rac. terminal. Wings
ovato-subrotund, many-nerved, somewhat
shorter than corolla. Germen nearly sessile.
p. 5-7. Open hills. Cape Pelorus.”—Guss.
Srom Pres.

B. Filaments free except at base.

14. Chameebuxus. Lower Sepals con-
cave, with an internal gland. L. oblong, mu-
cronate. Rac. 1—2-flowered. Yellow. w.4-6.
Woody mountains. m. Kur.

XIII. FRANKENIACEA.

Sepals 4 or 5, connected at base into a furrowed tube.

Petals with a scale at the summit of the

claw. Capsules of one cell. Placentas parietal.

106. FRANKENTA.

L. obovate, retuse,
Stalk ciliate.
Mat.

L. linear, revolute, crowded,
Stem prostrate, hairless.

1. pulverulenta.
smooth, pulverulent beneath.
R. slender. a. 7. Sandy shores.

2. leevis.
ciliate at base.

Fi.

G

solitary. Cal. smooth. p. w.7. Sea-shore.
Not in G. i

3. intermedia. L. thick, linear, revolute,
ciliate at base. Stem prostrate, velvety. FI.
crowded. Cal. hispid. p. w.5, 6. Shores.
Mat.

XIV. CARYOPHYLLACEA.

Sepals 5, separate or partially united, nmbricate, equal. Petals 5, equal, alternate with the

sepals.

Stamens 5 or 10; occasionally, by abortion, fewer.

Stigmas 2-5, sessile on top of

Fruit, which, in most cases, splits at top into as many, or twice as many, points as there are

stigmas. Placenta central. Hmbryo curved.

The Tribes are :—

1. SILENEAX.— Embryo curved round a fleshy albumen.

a tube .

o)

3. HLATINEA®.—No Albumen

Tribe lL. SILENE A.
107. GYPSOPHILA.

A. Calyx without scales at the base.

l. repens. Fl.inalaxcorymb. Stem de-
cumbent, smooth. L. lineari-lanceolate. Teeth
of Cal. obtuse. Stamens shorter than petals.
p. 6-8. Stony. Alps. Pyr.

2. fastigiata. Fl. in a dense corymb.
Stem ascending ; upper part glutinoso-pubes-
cent. L.lmeari-lanceolate. Teeth of Cal. erect,
very obtuse. Stamens exceeding petals. p. 6-8.
Montp. ? e. G. Grisons. very rare.

3. Wyrica. Fl.inacorymb. Stem ascend-
ing, glanduloso-pubescent. L. linear. Teeth

of Cal. ovate, acuminate. w. 5-9. Palermo.

FL. in a lax, dichotomous
Stem much branched from base. L.

4, acutifolia.
panicle.

lanceolate, somewhat 3-nerved, very acute.’

Cal. campanulate; teeth oblong, acuminate,
recurved at top. Stamens shorter than petals.
p. 7, 8. Sandy fields. lower Austria.

5. eretica. FI. in a lax, somewhat dicho-
tomous panicle. Stem ascending, pubescent.
* Lamina of Pet. lanceolate, wethout spots.
L. lineari-subulate, somewhat 3-nerved. Cal.
with three striee at each angle; teeth acuminato-
aristulate. p. 5, 6. Dry fills. Palermo.
Polizzi on the skirts of the Madonie.

6. Arrestii. Fl. smal/, in a lax, dicho-
tomous panicle. Stem much branched, quite
smooth, and terete. . lineari-lanccolate.
Teeth of Cal. oblong, obtuse, rough with
points. p. 6-8. Gypsaceous hills. Sic. Cal.

7. paniculata. Fl.in a lax, dichotomous,
hairless panicle. Stem much branched from
base, hairy in the lower part. LL. lanceolate,
somewhat 8-nerved, very acute. Teeth of
Cal. subrotundo-ovate, very obtuse. p. 7.

ALSINEA!.—Embryo as in Tribe I. Sepals all separate

Sepals united into
‘ : Gen. 107-1138.

Gen. 114-126.

Gen, 127.

Sandy and stony hilts.
Vienna. Wagram.

Turkenschanze near

8. muralis.
much branched:
lineari-lanceolate.
Sw. G. n. It.

Stem dichotomo-paniculate,
Fl. amllary, solitary. L.
a. 7, 8. Dry fields. ¥r.

B. Calyx with scales at the base.
9. saxifraga. Stem numerous, rigid. Fl.
in a terminal panicle. Cal. scales 4. L. linear,
rigid. p. 6-8. Stony. s. Hur.

108. DIANTHUS.

A. Fl. in heads, entirely enveloped in seariose
Bracts. Sp. 1, 2.

. Fl. clustered, furnished with numerous
membranaceous or coriaceous Bracts, but
not entirely covered by them. Sp. 3-7.

5)

FL. approximate, but without any Bracts
of a different character from L. Sp. 8-10.

Fl. scattered or solitary. Petals not
fringed. Sp. 11-24.

Cc.
D.
&. Fl. scattered. Petals fringed. Sp. 25-31.
A.

Flowers in heads, enveloped in scariose
Bracts.

1. prolifer. Stem smooth. Outer Bracts
shorter, pointed ; inner very obtuse. FI. sessile.
Scales of Cal. exceeding tube. Seeds finely sha-
greened. a. 5-7. Dry, grassy. m.ands. Eur.

B. diminutus. 1-flowered.

2. velutinus. Middle of the stem villous.
Outer Bracts shorter, pointed; inner very ob-
tuse. Fl. on short stalks. Scales of Cal. about
equal to tube. Seeds acutely tubercled. a. 4,
5. Sandy shady hills. Sic. K. Nap.

B. Fl. in clusters. Bracts membranous or
coriaceous, similar to the scales of calyx.

3. Garthusianorum. Cal. scales 4, ob-

CARYOPHYLLACE AN. 45

ovate or obcordate, with a subulate acumen,
exceeding half the length of tube. Bracts
ecnerally longer. Length of Sheath about four
times width of L. Lamina of Pet. as long as
claw. p. 6-8. Barren. m. and s. Kur.

4. atrorubens. Cal. scales 4, obovate,
with subulate acumen, exceeding half the length
of tube. Length of Sheath about fow times
width of L. Lamina of Pet. about half as
long as claw. p. 6,7. Grassy. Vall. Uri.

5. liburnicus. Cal. scales 4, with a su-
bulate cusp, nearly equal. Bracts exceeding
scales. Length of Sheath about twice width of
L. p. 7. Stony hills. Coasts of Mat.

B. Balbisi. Large, glaucous. Fil. nume-
rous and densely clustered. Liguria.

6. Bisignani. “Il. clustered. Scales of
Cal. tiled in four rows; inner skorter than
the outer, ciliate. Cusps of the outer setaceo-

subulate. L. linear, semiterete, smooth,
glaucescent and quite entire. Stem shrubby.
w.17,8. Cale. rocks near the coast. Sic.

Tue. Cal.”—Guss.

7. Bertclenii. Cal. scales numerous,
tiled in four rows, the inner gradually larger,
but only reaching to about one-third of tube.
Bracts very small. Sheath about as long as
width of lanceolate L. p. 6-8. Maritime
rocks. Sic. Cal. [This is D. Bisignani of
Bertoloni, who professes to have received speci-
mens both from Tenore and Gussone ; but the
perfect contrast in the scales of calyx renders it
impossible that it should be the same plant. |

©. Flowers approximate. No Bracts of a dis-
tinct character from the L.

8. Armeria. Cal. scales 2. These and
the leafy Bracts lanceolato-subulate, hairy, as
long as tube, erect. L. subulate, hairy, hardly
united at base. a. 7, 8. Dry or gravelly
pastures.

9. barbatus. Cal. scales ovate, with
subulate cusps. Outer Bracts lineari-lanccolate,
very acute, spreading or somewhat reflexed.
L. lanceolate, on short hafts. p. 7, 8. Moun-
tain meadows. Alps of It. s. of G.

10. Seguieri. Cal. scales 4—6.. Leafy
Bracts lanceolate. Length of Sheath hardly
equalling the width of L. p. 6-8. Grassy
hills and thickets. m. ands. G. Sw. &e.

a asper. Cal. scales spreading, somewhat

rough.

B. sylvestris. Wrect.

~ equalling tube.

y. collinus. leads of I'l. dense.
5. controversus. Pet. almost laciniate.

D. Lowers scattered or solitary. Petals not
Sringed.

ll. pungens. Stem few-flowered. Cal.
scales very short, mucronate, spreading. Pet.
entire. L. tufted, subulate. p. Mt. la Clape,
Narbonne.

12. meglectus. Stem 1-flowered. Cal.
scales ovate, with straight, subulate acumen,
L, linear, rigid, tapering from
the middle, finely acute, 3-nerved. Margin
rough. Pet. crenate. p. 7. Very high.
swiss and it. Alps. very rare.

13. alpinus. Stem 1-flowered. Outer
Cal. scales about as long as tube; inner half
as long. Pet. crenate, twice as long as calyx.
L. Imeari-lanceolate, obtuse, 1-nerved. p. 7, 8.
Cale. mountaims. Aus. Styr.

14. glacialis. Stem tufted, 1-flowered.
Cal. scales as long as tube. Pet. serrate, half
as long again as calyx. L. serrulate, obtuse.
p. 7. Very high granitic mountains. w. Alps.

15. ciliatus. Woody, tufted. Cal. scales
6-8, ovate, somewhat spinuloso-mucronate,
about one-third as long as tube. Lamina of
Pet. oblong, nearly entire, beardless. L.

ciliolate ; upper acuminate. w. 6-8. Abr.
Pola.
16. delteides. Decumbent. Cal. scales

about 2, elliptic, with a subulate cusp about
half as long as tube. Lower L. oblong, obtuse ;
upper narrower, acute. p. 6-8. Gravelly.

17. tripunctatus. Branches ascending.
Cal. scales 4, with a long cusp, shorter than
tube. Lamina of Pet. cuneiform, sharply
toothed, hairy above. p.5. Reggio.— Brrr.

18. attenuatus. “ Much branched, diffuse.
Stem crooked at base. Cal. diminished up-
wards. fl. solitary. Scales about 6, short,
lanceolate, acuminate. Pet. crenate, their
claws exceeding the calyx. L.subulate. p.7, 8.
Sea-coast. s. Rr.’— DC.

19. hirtus. “Fl. nearly solitary. Cal.
scales 6; ovate, mucronate, much shorter than
tube. Pet. crenate. L. subulate, rough on
the margin. p. Hzl/s. Dau. Prov.” —DC.

20. EZornemanni. “ Flower-stalks bifid.
Cal. scales lanceolate, cuspidate, erect, shorter
than tube. Pet. meise. LL. linear, nervose,
serrulato-scaber. p. ‘Trieste. It.’—SrEr. zz
DC.

46 108. DIANTHUS.

21. Caryophyllus. Barren shoots pro-
cumbent, much branched. Cal. scales 4, ovate;
somewhat mucronate,’ about one-fourth of
tube. Pet. very broad, beardless. L. lineari-
subulate, channeled, glaucous. Margin of up-
per part smooth. p. 6, 7. Rocks. It. Walls.

22. sylvestris. Barren shoots short.
Cal. scales 4, ovate, about one-fourth of tube.
Pet. very broad, beardless. L. linear, acute.
Margin rough. p. 7-9. Barren. s. Bur.

23. virgineus. “Stem about 1-flowered.
Cal. scales very short and blunt ; two of them
distant. Pet.crenate. L. tufted, linear, rigid,
serrulate. p. 6-8. Narb. Rous.’”—DC.

B. subacaulis, Stems crowded, very short,
l-flowered. Mt. Ventous.

24. czesius. Stem densely tufted, usually
1-flowered. Cal. scales obtuse, with a short
point, about one-fourth as long as tube. Pet.
crenate, bearded. L. somewhat obtuse, rough
on margin. p.7, 8. Rocks. Somerset. Jura.
Grande Chartreuse. Carrara. Rhine. Sil.

E. Petals Sringed.

25. plumarius. Stem 2—5-flowered. Cal.
scales subrotundo-ovate, with a short mucro.
Pet. digitato-multifid, bearded. Inline obo-

vate. L. lineari-subulate, rough on margin.
p. 6-8. Stony. Aus. Sty. Salz. Bav. Baden.
n. It.

26. arenarius. Stem densely tufted,
usually 1-flowered. Cal. scales ovate, obtuse,
with a short mucro, about one-fourth as
loug as tube. LL. linear, short, mucronulate.
Pet. pinnatifido-multifid. Inline oblong, white,
with red hairs. p.5, 6. Sandy shores of
Baltic. Sil.

27. gallicus. Stem ascending, usually 1-
flowered. Cal. scales short, ovate, somewhat
mucronate. Pet. beardless, dentato-multifid.
L. linear, somewhat ciliate; lower obtuse.
Inline of Pet. obovate. p. 6, 7. Sandy
shores. w. Fr.

28. superbus. Pan. somewhat fastigiate.
Fl. scattered. Cal. scales short, ovate, acu-
minato-aristate, about one-third as long as
tube. Pet. pinnato-multipartite. Inline ob-
long. Mouth hairy. Lower L. somewhat
obtuse; upper lanceolate. p. b. 6-8. Woods.
m. and s. Hur,

29. monspessulanus. Stem ascending,
panicled. Fl. usually in pairs, Cal. scales
ovate, cuspidate, half as long as tube. Pet.
digitato-multifid, beardless. Inline obovate.

L. lineari-lanceolate, somewhat acute, serru-

late. p. High thickets. s. Fr. Sw. rare.

Pdm. Carrara.

30. saxatilis. ‘Tufted, somewhat de-
cumbent. Stem 2-8-flowered. Cal. scales
ovate, with a long mucro, shorter than tube.
Pet. beardless. p.? Rocks. Clermont.”—DC.

31. tener. Slender. Stem simple, 1-
flowered. Pet. beardless. Cal. scales 2, lan-
ceolate, acuminato-cuspidate, about half as long
as tube. IL. lineari-filiform. Pet. laciniate.
p. 6-8. Borders. Tende.

109. SAPONARIA.

A. Calyx pentagonal, with 5 wings.

1. Waeccaria. Pan. lax, dichotomous, hair-
less. Bracts membranous, acute. IL. ovato-
lanceolate, sessile. a. 6,7. Corn.

2. ocymoides. Stem dichotomous, pro-
cumbent. Pan. cymose, diffuse. Cal. terete,
villous, purple, with glandular hairs. L.
elliptico-oblong. Lamina of Pet. oblongo-
obovate. p. 5,6. Stony. m. ands. Hur.

3. calabrica. Stem single, dichotomous,
procumbent. Fl. corymbose. L. oblongo-
spatulate. Lamina of Pet. subrotund. a.
4,5. Hills, Catanzaro in Calab.

B. Calyx without wings.

4. officinalis. Stem erect. Cymes com-
pact, at the end of short branches. Append-
age of Pet. linear. LL. elliptico-lanceolate,
nerved. p. 8,9. Hedges and uncult.

5. depressa. Fl. about 3, in a terminal
head—rarely with an additional lateral one.
Cal. very long, 5-edged. Hairs viscid. Pet.
bifid. Crown acute. Root L. oblongo-
spatulate, apiculate. p. 6-8. Sandy mas.
Madonie. Attna.

6. lutea. Tufted. Fl. in involucrate, 4—-6-
flowered heads. Cal. cylindrical, woolly ;
divisions short, obtuse. Pet. obovate, entire,
yellow. All L. linear, sessile ; those of flower-
mg stem fringed at base. w. 6, 7. JDns.,
very high. Savoy. Pdm.

7. czespitosa. “Tufted. Stem nearly
naked. Fl. somewhat umbellate. Cal. cy-
lindrical, deeply divided. Segments acute.
Pet. large, emarginate, pink. Appendage
cloven. Lobes in two very narrow segments.
L. linear, hairless. p. Barren, high. Pyr.”’
—DC.

8. bellidifolia. Stem L. 2-4, distant.

CARYOPHYLLACE®. 47

Tl. in involuerate heads. Cal. terete, hairy ;
teeth acuminate. Pet. lincar, emarginate,
erenate, yellow. Root L. spatulate on long
stalks. Margin undulate. p. 6, 7. Rocky,
high. Abruzzi on Monte Velino and Mont
Morrone.

Dichotomous. Branches
divaricate. FI. axillary, on rigid stalks as
long as Fl. Cal. hispid; teeth acute. L.
lineari-spatulate. a. Carn. Not im Koch.
Collioure and Elne in Rous.—Lots.

9. orientalis.

110. CUCUBALUS.

1. bacciferus. Branches divaricate. LL.
ovate. Cal. campanulate. Pet. distant. p.
6-8. Shade.

111. SILENE.

A. Stems very short and tufted. Stalks 1-
flowered. Cal. somewhat inflated. Sp.
1-3.

B. Stems erect, many-flowered. Cal. with
about 30 parallel nerves. Sp. 4, 5.

G. With evident stem, (as in all the follow-
ing divisions.) Cal. inflated, about 20-
nerved at base, and everywhere veiny.
Sp. 6-11.

D. Flowers in racemes, not opposite to one
another. Cal. 10-nerved at base; inter-
mediate membrane translucent and nearly
colourless.

i. Thecaphore, or stalk of receptacle
within the calyx, very short. Sp.

WANs
ii. Thecaphore at least half as long as
capsule. Sp. 18-26.

E. Flowers in whorls in opposite racemes,
forming a raceme-like panicle. Sp. 27-29.
F. Flowers opposite, on opposite branches of
panicie.
i. Branches short, forming a raceme-like
panicle. Sp. 30-82.

ii. Branches spreading, forming a lax
panicle. ;

a. Thecaphore very short. Sp. 33.
b. Thecaphore about half as long as

capsule. Sp. 34-37.
ce. Thecaphore about as long as capsule.
Sp. 38-43.
G. Flowers opposite, on alternate branches.
Sp. 44.
Fi. Flowers solitary, or nearly so. Sp.
A549,

I. Flowers scattered, on an unequally dicho-
tomous panicle,
i. Flower-stalk two or three times as long
as calyx.
a. Seeds crested on the back. Sp. 50,51.
b. Seeds not crested. Sp. 52-60.
ii. Flower-stalk about as long as calyx.
Sp. 61, 62.
ili. Flower-stalk shorter than calyx. Sp.
63-65.
IX. Flowers corymbose, the upper close to-
gether. Sp. 66—71.
Uncertain. Sp. 72, 73.

A. Tufted. Stems very short !
1 flowered.

1. acaulis. Stems prostrate, very branched.
L. linear, acute, ciliate at base. F.-stalks
much longer than 5-nerved calyx. p. 6, 7.
Very high.

Stalks

2. exscapa. Stems numerous, erect, nearly
simple, forming a cushion. LL. linear. F'l.-
stalks not longer than 10-nerved calyx. p.
7, 8. Snowy. Alps.

3. Pumilio. Stems somewhat diffuse. L.
lineari-spatulate, somewhat downy. F'l.-stalk

very short. Cal. hairy, inflated, many-nerved.
p. 6,7. Alps of G.

B. Stem erect. Calyx with about 30

parallel vems.

4. conica. L. linear. Cal. short. Pet.
2-lobed. Caps. ovoid. Seeds not more than
half as large as in the following species. a.
5-7. Dry sandy.

5. conoidea. L. lineari-lanceolate. Cal.

long. Pet. obovate, nearly entire. Caps.
bottle-shaped. a. 6, 7. Fields. Luxem-
burg. Nice.

C. Calyx bladder-like, not viscid, 20-nerved
at base, everywhere veiny.

6. fimbriata. Pubescent. L. large, ovato-
lanceolate. Fl. in an ample panicle. Cal. very
wide, with broad teeth. Pet. flat, fringed !
incurved after flowering. p. Sic.—DC. Not
in Guss. nor in Bert.

7. maritima. fl. solitary, or in a few-
flowered, dichotomous panicle. Pet. cloven,
each with a cloven acute scale. L. elliptic or
lanceolate. p. 8, 9. Sea-shore and mountain
torrents. In very luxuriant specimens, the
panicle is sometimes 7-flowered ; this includes
S. uniflora and (according to Bertoloni) §. Fa-
baria of the French botanists.

‘

48 lll. SILENE.

8. Fabaria. Erect, smooth, base woody.
Pet. cloven. Crown of very short emarginate
scales. Seeds roughened with concentric warty
lines. L. elliptico-oblong, mucronulate, ciliato-
serrulate, somewhat fleshy. p.4,5. Stony
hills. Sic. Var. of maritima ?

9. inflata. Hrect. Panicle terminal, di-
chotomous, many-flowered. Cal. veined. Pet.
cloven. Claws cuneiform, crowned with two
obtuse tubercles. Styles very long. L. el-
liptic or ovato-lanceolate, acuminate. Caps.
ovoid. p. 7. Fields and uncult. In flourish-
ing specimens, the Panicle is at least three
times divided; giving, typically, 15 flowers
or more.

B. angustifolia. LL. \ineari-lanceolate.

10. Behen. “Erect, smooth. L. lan-
ceolate, acute; lower spatulate. Pan. long
and lax. Cal. campanulato-oblong, contracted
at the muuth. Pet. 2-lobed, crowned with
small, entire, or bicuspidate scales. a. 5, 6.
Capo D’Armi in Calabria.”— Brrr.

11. lanuginosa. Woody, tufted. Stems
woolly. L. lineari-lanceolate ; margin woolly ;
lower very long. Cal. pubescent. Teeth tri-
angular. Pet. 4-cleft, lateral divisions shorter,
linear. w. 7,8. dns. of Carrara.

D. Mowers not opposite, in secund axillary
spikes. Strie of Calya 10.

i. Calyx cylindrical. Stalk of Receptacle

very short.

12. dichotoma. L. elliptico-lanceolate,
acuminate; lowest spatulate. Rac. many-
flowered. Bracts membranous. Cal. nearly
sessile, cernuous in flower, ovato-oblong and
erect in fruit. Nerves quite simple. Teeth
ovate, acute. Pet. deeply cloven, with a blunt
crest. b. 5, 6. Uneulét. Between Vienna
and Hungary.

13. gallica. IL. oblongo-obovate, with a
short acumen; floral L. linear, herbaceous.
Cal. strigose. Teeth subulate. Nerves
simple, or the intermediate merely throwing
off a branch at each side of the top. Caps.
subgloboso-ovate, splitting into six recurved
teeth. a. 6,7. Melds.

a. Pet. obovate.

B. anglica. Pet. emarginate. Plant more
branched.

y. quinquevulnera. Lamina of Pet. orbi-
cular, each marked with a bloody spot.

3. dusitanica. Lamina of Pet. triangular ;
outer margin denticulate.

e. cerastoides.
emarginate.

Upper L. linear. Pet.
Teeth of open Caps. erect.

14. tridentata. “ Branched. L. lineari-
lanceolate. Spike secund. . Cal. subcylindrical.
Teeth of Cal. long. Pet. with three teeth.
a. 5,6. Stony. ‘Tarbes by the bridge over
the Adour.’—Dvupy.

15. neglecta. LHrect, hirsute, branched.
L. obovato-oblong, acuminate. Upper Braets
lineari-lanceolate, scariose and ciliate at the
base. Cal. hirsute; the upper part veined
between the nerves. Primary nerves simple.
Teeth twice as long as broad. Pet. emargi-
nafe. Caps. a lengthened ovoid. a. 4. Walls
and dry. Sic. s. It.

16. nocturna. Hairy at base. L. pu-
bescent with long cilia at base; lower spatu-
late; upper lineari-lanceolate. Spike crowded.
Upper part of Cal. with veins between the
nerves. Cal. downy. Teeth about as long
as broad. Pet. narrow, bifid. a. b. 4, 5.
Walls and uncult. It. Nice. s. Fr.

17. brachypetala. L. obovato-spatulate,
hirsute, and with long cilia at base. Primary
nerves double; intermediate branching. Cal.
hirsute. Pet. bifid, very small. a. 6. s.
Fr. It.

The plant of Bertolont seems to be a dif-
Serent species; but he quotes DC.

ii. Thecaphore, or stalk of Receptacle, at

least half as long as Capsule.

* Calyx clavate, contracted on the The-

caphore.

18. trinervia. Stem slender, branched.
L. 3-nerved ; lower obovato-lanceolate ; upper
linear. Cal. erect, hispid. Nerves simple,
with bulbiferous strigas; a row of calli on
each outer nerve. Pet. cloven; crest of two
emarginate lobes. a. 7. Hills about Rome.

19. pendula. Branched, decumbent, pu-
bescent. IL. elliptic, attenuate ; lower spatu-
late. FI. axillary, nodding. Cal. with simple
nerves, and usually intermediate calli. Cal.
of Fruit shortly clavate. a.4,5. elds.
Rome. Naples.

20. sericea. Silky. Stem decumbent or
ascending. lL. ciliate at base; lower spatu-
late; upper lanceolato-linear. Fl. somewhat
remote, stalked. Cal. erect, all over equally
hairy. Intermediate nerves forked at top.
Pet. bipartite. a.5-7. Sandy shores. It.

21. pubescens. “ Hyerywhere pubes-
cent. Stem branched at base, spreading.

CARYOPHYLEACH AS.

Branches nearly erect. L. linear, ciliate at
base. Fl. terminal and axillary.. Cal. club-
shaped. Pet. obtuse, cloven. Claws exceed-
ing calyx. £7. pink or purplish. a. Sandy
shores. Ajaccio.” —Lots.

22. vespertina. lL. obovate, attenuate.
Racemes usually in pairs, with about five
alternate.flowers. Cal. without intermediate
veins, drooping, on an erect stalk; club-shaped
and erect in the fruit. Teeth ovate, some-
what acute. Pet. deeply cloven. Crest acute.
a. 5,6. Sandy shores. Trieste.— Brrr.

23. sabuletorum. ‘ Branched from base,
erect, three feet high, hirsute. Lower L. spa-
tulate ; upper lanceolate. Il. in spikes and
in the forks. Cal. narrow subcylindrical, fur-
nished with long hairs. Pet. emarginate,

somewhat cloven. a.? Sandy. Aleria in
Corsica.” —DuBy.
24. hispida. Erect. Lower L. oblongo-

obovate, acuminate; upper lanceolate. Ra-
cemes in pairs, many-flowered. Cal. nodding
in flower ; erect in fruit. Intermediate Nerves
branched. Teeth subulate. Thecaphore as
long as germen. a. 5, 6. s. It. Sic.

** Calyx somewhat bladder-like, hardly
contracted on the Thecaphore.

25. ciliata. Pubescent. Stems numerous,
prostrate, very leafy at base. LL. ciliate at
base ; lower oboyato-lanceolate ; upper linear.
Raceme 2—4-flowered. Cal. cylindrico-cam-
panulate. Teeth very obtuse, with | scariose
margin. Pet. bipartite. w.7,8. High. Pyv.
Cantal.

26. Greefferi. “ Hrect, pubescent. Lower
L. lanceolate; upper linear, short. Raceme
few-flowered. Cal. of Fruit cylindrico-cam-
panulate, erect. Pet. cloven. Caps. oblong,
about as long as thecaphore. p. 6-8. Apen.
The stem is less woody at base, and less
branched, than in ciliata.’ —BER?.

E. [Mowers in whorls on the opposite branches
of a raceme-like Panicle.

27. Otites. Erect. Lower L. spatulate ;
upper few, lanceolate. Fl. dicecious. Cal. of
fertile Fl. tubuloso-campanulate. Pet. linear,
undivided. Crest 0. p. 7, 8. Sandy.

B. umbellata. Raceme very short, umbel-
like. w. Fr.
28. staminea. Erect. Lower L. spatu-

late; upper linear. FI. complete. | Cal. tubu-
loso-campanulate. Pet.cloven. Claws ciliate.

H

AY

Stamens exceeding corolla. Thecaphore nearly
as long as capstle. p. 6,7. Monte Vettore.
Monte Cornu. Monte di Mezzo.

29. viscosa. Pubescent; very viscid.
Stem simple. 1. lineari-lanceolate, undulate.
FI. large, nodding. (Raceme whorled. Stalks
opposite, 1-3-flowered, Kocn.) Caps. cylin-
drico-clavate. Pet. cloven. Crest 0. b.
6, 7. Uneult. and sandy pastures. Boh.
Mor. IL have followed DC. in putting this
with the Otites.

¥. Mowers opposite, on the opposite branches
of Panicle.

i. Branches short, forming araceme-like
Panicle.

30. tatarica. Stem densely leafy. L.
lineari-lanceolate, attenuate. Raceme secund,
erect. Branches 1-3-flowered. Fl. nodding.
Cal. cylindrico-clavate. Teeth acute. Pet.
cloven. Crest 0. Thecaphore one-fourth of
capsule. p. 7, 8. Sandy shores of Oder and
Warthe in Neumark.

dl. chlorantha. Hairless. Stem erect,
simple. LL. lanceolate, attenuate ; upper few,
short, linear. Raceme secund. Branches 1—
3-flowered. FI. nodding. Teeth of Cal.
obtuse. Pet. crested, cloven. Segments fili-
form. Thecaphore about one-fourth of capsule.
p. 6-8. Sandy hills. ne. G.

32. mollissima. Verysilky. Stem erect,
branched. L. thick; lower large, oblongo-
spatulate; upper lanceolate. Teeth of Cal.
obtuse, with a membranous margin. Theca-
phore about as long as capsule. p. 7. Dns.
Cagna and Coscione, Cors.

ii. Branches long, forming a wide Panicle.
a. Thecaphore very short.

33. viridiflora. LHrect, soft, hairy, vis-
cid. L. large, ovate, acute; lower stalked,
spatulate. Panicle few-flowered. Fl. nodding.
Cal. of Fruit ovoideo-turgid, erect. Teeth
acuminate. Pet. with a long claw, narrow,
cloven, crested. b. p. 5, 6. Woody hills.
It. n. Sic. abundant at Albano.

34. rubens. “Hairy. Stem erect. Stem
L. lanceolate. Floral L. dilated at base.
Fl. nodding. Stalks 3-6-flowered. Cal. co-
loured. Pet. cloven, crested. Clagenfurth.”
—DC. Not in Koch. I place this here, with-
out knowing either the shape of the Panicle
or the length of the Thecaphore, because DC.
places it between nutans and viridiflera.

50 111. SILENE.

‘b. Thecaphore about half as long as
; capsule.

35. nutans. Pubescent. Stem glandular
at top; very leafy at base. Lower L. elliptic,
attenuate ; upper lineari-lanceolate. Fl. nod-
ding. Cal. somewhat ventricose. Pet. bipar-
tite, reflexed, with a long crest. Thecaphore
less than half as long as capsule. p. 5-7.
Rocks and pastures.

B. amblevana, LEJEUNE. Smooth. L. linear.

Pet. greenish. Spa.

36. fructicosa. Stem ascending, woody
at base. L. smooth and shining, obovato-
lanceolate, acute, ciliate; upper lanceolate,
finely acuminate. Panicle contracted, few-
flowered, with viscid hairs. Cal. very long.
Teeth acute. Caps. ovoid with snout. w.
4-6. Itssures of rocks. Sic.

37. catholica. Pubescent; upper part
viscid. Stem erect. L. ovato-lanceolate, acu-
minate; lower stalked. Panicle lax. Teeth
of Cal. oblong. #7. small. Pet. bipartite.
Crest 0. p. 7.8. ‘Tivoli. Albano. Monte
Cornu.

e. Thecaphore about as long as capsule.

38. pauciflora. rect or ascending, vel-
vety. Lower L. lanceolate, stalked; upper
linear. Panicle few-flowered. Teeth of Cal.
obtuse, with a scariose and densely ciliate
margin. Pet. cloven, crested. Caps. ovato-
oblong, on a stalk about as long as itself. p.
6,7. Rocks. Laconi in Sardinia. Quenza and
Calenzano in Corsica. Seems doubtful if
distinct from 8. italica, which, however, it
does not much resemble in Bertoloni’s de-
scription.

39. paradexa. Timely pubescent. Stem
erect ; upper part viscid. L. acute, densely
ciliate ; lower obovato-lanceolate ; upper linear.
Teeth of Cal. ovato-lanceolate, acute. Mar-
gin scariose, ciliate. Pet. large. Crest of
acutely cloven scales. p. 6, 7. Apen.

40. Requienii. “ Pubescent. Root thick,
woody. Stems tufted, ascending. LL. densely
ciliate; lower obversely lanceolate or obovate,
acute, broadly cuneate at base; upper lanceo-
late, acuminate. Panicle corymbose, some-
what spreading. Pet. cloven, crested. Caps.
oblong. w. 5,6. Cors.”—Bprr.

4]. Salzmanni. Softly downy. Root
woody. Stem simple. Lower L. subrotundo-
spatulate ; upper lanceolato-linear, acute. Pa-
nicle erect. Teeth of Cal. acute. Crest 0.
w. 5,6. Capo di Noli. Gorgonia.

w. 7, 8.

42. italica. Pubescent. Panicle erect, lax.
Branches trifid. Lower L. spatulato-lanceolate ;
upper lineari-lanceolate. Teeth of Cal. ob-
tuse. Crest 0. p. 6, 7. Stony Mulls. s.
Fr. Adr. G. It.

43. nemeoralis. Pubescent. Stem simple.
Lower L. subrotundo-elliptic, hafted; upper
lanceolate, with a woolly beard near the
base. Panicle erect, somewhat crowded.
Teeth of Cal. obtuse. Crest 0. p. 6, 7.
Woods. e. G.

G. Flowers opposite, but on alternate
branches.

44, Wiczeensis. Very viscid, villous.
Branches ascending. Lower L. lanceolate,
attenuate; upper few, short, lmear. Branches
of Panicle short. Cal. of Fruit erect. Teeth
ovato-lanceolate, somewhat obtuse. Petals
crested. 'Thecaphore nearly as long as ovato-
oblong capsule. Seeds smooth. a. 4-6. Sandy
shores. It.

EX. Fowers solitary: i.e., not so combined as
to be well placed in the other divisions.
i. Thecaphore very short.

45, Elizabethee. Upper part with viscid
hairs. L. lanceolate. Cor. twice calyx. Scales
of Crest short, ending in four long bristles.
it. Alps. occ.

ii. Thecaphore as long as capsule.

46. corsica. Pubescent, very viscid. Stem
procumbent, leafy. LL. fleshy, small, obovate.
Fl. nearly solitary. Teeth of Cal. lanceolate,
obtuse. Pet. crested; the claw much ex-
ceeding calyx. Seeds smooth. p. or w. 4-6.
Sandy shores. Cors. Sard. —

47. saxifraga. Tufted, rough with short
hairs. L. linear, acute. Fl. usually solitary,
on very long stalks. Cal. hairless. Teeth
ovate, obtuse. Pet. bipartite, crested. Claw
ciliate. p.6,7. Stony mns. Pyr. Cev. Alps.
Apen.

48. vallesia. Tufted. Hairs viscid. Root
woody. Stem decumbent, 1—3-flowered. L.

lanceolate ; lower attenuate. Cal. venoso-
reticulate above. Teeth oblong. Pet. crested.
p. 7, 8. High rocky. Alps. rare. Mont

Ventous. Mountains of Carrara.

1 49. cordifolia. Viscid, tufted. Stems
nearly simple, hispid. L. ovate, very acute,
rough, ciliate; lower very small. Fl. 1-3,
nearly sessile. Teeth of Cal. subulate, acu-
minate. Pet. crested. Thecaphore somewhat
shorter than capsule. p. 7, 8. Rocks. Pdmn.

CARYOPHYLLACEAS. 5]

I. Mowers scattered in an unequally
dichotomous Panicle.
i. Stalk of Flower two or three times as
long as calyx.
a. Seeds crested on the back.

50. quadrifida. Tufted. LL. linear, very
narrow. Cal. of Fruit turbinate. Teeth
parabolical. Pet. with four short teeth, crested.
Thecaphore very short. wp. 6, 7. High moist
rocks. Alps. Pyx.

51. alpestris. Tufted. L. lanceolate. £7.
large. Cal. of Fruit turbinate, much shorter
than Fruit. Teeth semioval. Pet. with four
teeth, crested. Thecaphore very short. p. 7, 8.
High moist. e. Alps.

b. Seeds not crested.

52. Campanula. Quite smooth. Stem
nearly erect, leafy at base. All L. linear, acu-
minate. Stalks 1-3-flowered. Cal. of Fruit
subclavato-campanulate. Teeth obtuse. Crest 0.
Thecaphore nearly as long as capsule. p. 7, 8.
Shady rocks. Pdm.

53. rupestris. Quite smooth. Stem erect.
L. ovato-lanceolate. Fl. small. Cal. turbinate.
Pet. obcordate, crested. p. 7,8. Dry rocks.
Alps. Vosges. n. Apen.

54, inaperta. Rough. Stem with alter-
nate branches. L. linear, cuspidate. Cal.
ventricose; upper part finely veined. Teeth
triangular. Pet. cloven, crested. Segments
linear, exceeding calyx. Stamens usually 5.
Thecaphore from half as long to as long as
capsule. a.7-9. Rocky. Prov. Umb. Abr.

55. seabra. Rough. Stem erect. L.
linear, channeled, acute; uppermost filiform.
Cal. ventricose. Teeth acute, with a white,
membranous margin. Pet. slightly cloven,
not exceeding calyx. Thecaphore one-fourth
or one-third of calyx. p. 5, 6. Calvi in
Corsica.

56. sedoides. Hairs viscid. L. somewhat
fleshy, obtuse; lower spatulate ; upper oblong.
Cal. cylindrical. Teeth obtuse. Pet. small,
obcordate, crested. a. 4,5. Sic. Mars. Osero.

57. bicolor. Smooth, somewhat viscid.
Stem much branched at base. L. linear. Cal.
veiny at top. Teeth very obtuse, ciliate. Pet.
cloven. Segments lanceolate. Thecaphore
longer than nearly globose capsule, shorter than
calyx. a.6,7. Sand. w. Fr.

58. Mandralisci. Smooth. Stems several,
ascending. Lower L. obovato-spatulate ; upper
oblongo-lanceolate. Cal. turbinate. Teeth lan-

wo

ceolate, acute. Lamina of Pet. oblongo-

cuneate, emarginate. Crest 0. Thecaphore
as long as calyx! a. 4, 5. Sandy shores.

Mondello near Palermo.

59. eretica. Stem erect, nearly simple.
L. spatulato-lanceolate; upper linear, finely
acute. Pan. lax. Cal. veined above. Pet.
crested with somewhat long, bipartite, acute

scales; cloven to middle; twice calyx. The-
caphore not half as long as capsule. a. 5, 6.

spmlts

60. tenuiflora. Erect; upper part smooth.
Lower L. oblongo-spatulate ; upper lanceolate
and linear. Pan. dichotomous, few-flowered.
Teeth of Cal. lanceolate, acute. Pet. small,
slightly emarginate, hardly exceeding calyx,
crested with long, bipartite, acute scales.
Caps. nearly sessile. a. 4,5. Cult. Lucania.
Cal. Sic.

ui. Stalk of Flower in forks, about equal

to calyx.

61. sassiana. “Stems branched, divari-
cate. Lower L. spatulate, obtuse ; upper lan-
ceolate, acute. Pan. dichotomous or simply
forked, divaricate. Teeth of Cal. broad, obtuse,
ciliate. Pet. crowned, lanceolato-oblong, en-
tire. Stalk shorter than capsule. a. 6, 7.
Albenga.”— BERT.

elds ; often among flax.

62. noctiflora. Hairs viscid. Stem erect.
L. large; lower oblong, acute; upper lanceo-
late. Cal. cylindrico-ventricose, veined above.
Teeth subulato-fiiform. Pet. bipartite, crested,
denticulate. Caps. nearly sessile. a. 6-8
elds, occ. :

ili. Stalk of Flower in forks, shorter

than calyx.

63. muscipula. Nearly hairless, but very
viscid. Stem erect. Lower L. lanceolato-
spatulate ; upper linear. Cal. vemy at top.
Pet. emarginate. Caps. oblong, about twice
Thecaphore. a. 4, 5. Corbiéres. Draguignan.
Japygia.

64. linicola. Stem erect, rough, not
viscid. L. smooth; lower obovate; upper
lineari-lanceolate. (Cal. and stalks rough with
short hairs, Koon.) Cal. veiny. Stalk half
as long as obtuse capsule. Pet. entire. a.
6,7. Among flax. - Bav. Sw. n. It. rare.

65. echinata. Pubescent. Lower L. spa-
tulate; upper lnear. Nerves of Cal. with
bristles on tubercles. Intermediate nerves
rough. Pet. cloven, crested. Caps. subglobose,
hardly as long as thecaphore. a..5, 6. Vi-
terbo. Apulia. Cal.

ot
cos)

KK. Flowers corymbose ; the upper close
together.

66. Armeria. Quite smooth, with viscid
bands. Lower L. ovato-lanceolate. Corymb
dense, many-flowered. Teeth of Cal. obtuse.
Pet. obcordate, crested. Thecaphore about as
long as capsule. a. 7,8. Stony fields. Fr.
Ger. It.

67. fescata. Erect. Hairs of stem spread-
ing, jointed ; of Cal. and stalk glanduliferous.
L. (ough with minute tubercles, DC.,) some-
what ciliate at base; lower spatulate; upper
lanceolate. Cal. of Fruit somewhat nodding.
Teeth obtuse. Pet. obovate, entire, crested.
Thecaphore about as long as capsule. a. 4, 5.
Cult. Sic. Sard. Cal. w. Lig.

68. rubella. “Erect. Lower L. broadly
oblongo-spatulate, very obtuse ; upper oblongo-
lanceolate; all undulated. Pan. short, coadu-
nato-corymbose. Cal. of Fruit shortly clavate.
Teeth obtuse. Margin membrano-ciliate. Pet.
oblongo-cuneate, emarginate, crested. Stalk
about half as long as capsule. a. 5,4. s.
Sard.’—Brrt. Zhis does not seem to be
the plant of Linneus : —“ Calycibus subglo-
bosis glabris venosis.”

69. corymbifera. Branched from base ;
upper part very viscid. 4. lineari-subu-
late. Branches ending in a few-flowered
Corymb. Teeth of Cal. somewhat acute.
Lamina of Pet. small, cloven. Thecaphore
about half as long as capsule. a. 6, 7. Ceriale
in Liguria.

70. turbinata. Stem erect, somewhat
rough. 4. very finely spinuloso-ciliate. Root
L. spatulate ; upper lanceolate or linear. Cal.
of Fruit turbmate. Teeth obtuse. Pet. 2-
lobed, crested. Segments obovato-linear. Stalk
not half so long as obovate capsule. Caps. tur-
binate when open. a. 4, 5. Corn. Delia
Serradifalco and Caltanisetta in Sic.

71. clandestina. LHrect, slender, much
branched. Lower L. oblong, obtuse; upper
lanceolate. Pan. lax. Cal. ventricose. Pet.
erect, cloven. Caps. somewhat wrinkled, nearly
sessile. a. 6, 7. Corn. w. Hr. lower Sty.
Trieste.

The two following I do not know where

to place :—

72. calycina. “ Stem simple, erect, rough,
viscid at top. LL. lineari-lanceolate, hairless,
rough. Margin serrulato-ciliate. Cal. very
long, club-shaped, on very short stalk. Cal.
and stalks with viscid hairs. Pet. yellow,
cloven, crested; the Claw as long as the calyx.

111. SELENE.

p. 6, 7. Open hills.
Guss. from Prest.

73. Kaulfussii. “Quite smooth. Root
fusiform. Stem nearly simple. Root L. ob-
long. Stem L. ovato-lanceolate. Fl. panicled.
Cal. club-shaped. Pet. with long claws and
an acute lamina. p. Polnitz, near Clagen-
furth.”—DC.

Caltavuturo, Sic.’—

112. LYCHNIS.

A. Capsule splitting into 10 Teeth.
Flowers diecious.

l. vespertina. Pan. dichotomous. lL.

ovate. Teeth of Cal. of first FI. lineari-lan-
ceolate. Pet. cloven. Teeth of Caps. porrect.
b. 6-8. Banks.

2. diurma. Pan. dichotomous. L. ovate.
Teeth of Cal. of first Fl. triangular. Pet.
cloven. Teeth of Caps. recurved. b. 5, 6,
Shady banks.

B. Capsule splitting into 5 Teeth.
i. 5-celled at the Base.

3. leeta. 1. solitary. Cal. 10-nerved; in
fruit 10-edged. Teeth acute. Pet. cloven. L.
lineari-lanceolate ; lowest oblongo-spatulate.
a. 4,5. Sand. La Teste. Sard. Cors.

4, alpina. Fl. in heads.
L. lanceolate, glabrous.
crowned.
6-8.

Stem not viscid.
Pet. cloven, hardly
Caps. on a short Thecaphore. a.
Very high, granitic. Sc. Alps. Pyv.

5. Viscaria. Fl. in a raceme-like Pan.
Stem viscid belowthe L. L. lanceolate, glabrous.
Pet. emarginate, crowned. Stalk nearly as
long as capsule. p.5, 6. Dry rocky. Se. rare.
s. and m. F. G.

i. Capsule 1-celled.

6. Flos-Guculi. Fl. m a dichotomous
Pan. Pet. deeply 4-cleft. Segments diverg-
ing, linear. Stem L. lineari-lanceolate. p.
5, 6. Moist meadows.

7.2? pyrenaica. Smooth. Stem tufted,
diffuse. Fl. dichotomo-fasciculate, with a Fl.
on a long stalk im each fork. Cal. campann-

late. Pet. emarginate, appendiculate. L. co-
riaceous. Root L. spatulate, on long stalks.

Stem L. cordate, sessile. p. Rocks. w. Pyr.

8. Goeli-Rosa. Smooth. Stem dichoto-
mous. Fl. solitary, terminal. Cal. 10-ribbed.
Teeth very acute. Pet. obcordate, crowned.
Caps. stalked. L. lmear, acute. a. 4, 5.
Barren. Toul. Cal. Sic.

9. coronaria. Cottony, dichotomous. Cal.

CARYOPHYLLACEA, 53

many times shorter than stalk. Teeth short.
Pet. crowned, serrate. Caps. sessile. L. ellip-
tic, coriaceous. p.? 6,7. Stony. 3s. Fr. s.
Alps. rare.

10. Flos Jovis. Cottony. Stem simple.
FL. fasciculate, the stalk shorter than calyx.

Teeth of Cal. short. Caps. sessile. L. lineari-
lanceolate. p. 6,7. Open, stony. s. Alps.
Dau. Proy.

11. Githago. Hirsute, dichotomous. Fl.
on long stalks. Cal. coriaceous. Teeth leafy,
longer than tube. L.lmear. a. 6,7. Corn.

113. VELEZIA.

1. rigida. Cal. cylindrical, slender, pu-

bescent. Pet. bifid. a. 5,6. Dry gravelly.
mdt. Fr. It. Sic.
114. DRYPIS.
1. spinesa. Pet. bipartite. Bracts with

3 teeth on each side. L. subulate, somewhat
three-edged, pointed. p. 5—7. Stony. Istria.
Abruzzi. Terracina.

Tribe IT. ALSINE,

115. ORTEHGIA.

1. dichotoma. Fl. dichotomo-corymbose,
on long stalks. p. Giaveno in Pdm. Monte
Baldo. (“ Floribus brevissimé pedunculatis,’”’
Brrr.) O. hispanica zs said by DC. to have
short Fl.-stalks.

116. BUFFONTA.

l. tenuifolia. Branched from the base.
Caps. nearly sessile, shorter than calyx. _ L. fili-
form, dilated and connate at base. a. 7, 8.
Stony. s. Fr. Vall. Luc. Nice. Pdm. Apul.

117. GOUFFEIA.

1. arenarioides.
Fl. somewhat corymbose.
flexed. a. 4, 5.

Branches divaricate.
L. linear, short, de-
Dry calc. Marseilles.

118. CHERLERIA.

1. sedcides. Cespitose. L.3-edged, some-
what blunt, spreading. Caps. twice as long as
calyx. Valves blunt, callous at tip. p. 7. Snowy.

119. ALSINE.

A. L. with scariose Stipules. . Lepigonium
of Koch. Sp. 1-7.

B. L. without Stipules.

i. L. ovate or lanceolate. Sp. 8-12.
ii. L. narrow, with a single nerve or none.

Sp. 13-16.
iii. L. narrow, 3-nerved.
a. Sepals with three or more nerves.
Sp. 17-26.
b. Sepals with a single nerve between
two green stripes. Sp. 27-29.
A. L. linear. Stipules scariose. Lepigonium
of Koch.

1. segetalis. Smooth. Stem erect, much
branched. L. filiform, finely cuspidate. Sepals
scariose, marked with a green line, exceeding

petals. r.-stalks deflexed. Seeds muricate.
a. 6-8. Sandy. Hr. Ger.
2. rubra. Hairy, prostrate. L. lineari-

filiform, bristle pointed, shorter than joints of
stem. Sepals lanceolate, obtuse within the
scariose margin. Caps. about equal to calyx.
Seeds rugose, angular, without a border. a.
7, 8. Sand and gravel.

3. radicans. “ Perennial, smooth, creep-
ing. L. semicylindrical, somewhat longer than
joints of stem. Sepals lineari-lanceolate, acute,

hardly scariose on the margin. I'r.-stalk de-
flexed. Caps. as long as calyx. Seeds some-
what pyriform, compressed. p. 6,7. Sandy

mountain pastures. Aitna. Madonie.’—Guss.

4, Giandra. “Smooth. Stem ascending
or erect, ending in a trichotomous panicle. L.
hneari-filiform, semiterete. (Upper Stip. leafless,
bract-like, Bert.) Sepals lanceolate. Margin
scariose. r.-stalk erect. Seeds somewhat
pyriform, angular, rugose, without a border.
a. 4,5. Salt clay. Sicily.’-—Guss. Bertolont
yous both these to A. rubra.

5. macrorhiza. Root woody. Stems
prostrate. Joints short. LL. fleshy, somewhat
flattened, lineari-lanceolate. Stip. broadly
ovate. Caps. about equalling calyx. Seeds
reniformi-subrotund, granulate. w. 6, 7. Is.
Tavolara near Sardinia. Is. Lavezzi near Cors.
Bonifacio. Bert. finds no margin to the seeds.
Moris sees a broad one.

6. marina. Prostrate. L. semicylindrical,
pointless, as long as joints of stem. Sepals lan-
ceolate, somewhat obtuse, scariose on margin.
Fr.-stalhk defleced. Caps. exceeding calyx.
Seeds compressed, smooth, mostly bordered.
a. 6,7. Salt pastures.

7. salina. “LL. semicylindrical, pointless,
exceeding jomts of stem. Stip. membranous,

54. 119. ALSINE.

sheathing. Caps. oblong, exceeding calyx.
Seeds compressed, angular, roughish. a. 6, 8.
Salt marshes. Westph. Boh.”-—DC.

The seeds are said to be sometimes bordered.
It is probably not distinct from A. marina.
Koch does not notice it. A. heterosperma of
Guss. (Suppl. 1. 129) appears also to belong to
the same species.

B. No Stipules.
i. L. not linear, or subulate.

8. peploides. Prostrate, smooth. L.
sessile, ovate, acute, 1-nerved, fleshy, smooth.
Fl. solitary, on short stalks. Caps. exceeding
calyx. Seeds large, with an oblong depression.
p. 6,7. Sandy shores of Ocean.

9. procumbens. Prostrate, glanduloso-
pubescent. L. lanceolate, somewhat fleshy.
Fl. panicled. Sepals somewhat obtuse, about
equalling corolla. Caps. equalling calyx. Seeds
small, reniform. p. 4-7. Sandy shores. s. It.
Sic. Sar.

10. aretioides. Tufted. L. oblongo-lan-
ceolate, cbtuse, mucronulate, 3-nerved, quite
smooth. Fl. solitary, sessile, terminal. Sepals
4. Stamens 8. p. 6,7. Very high rocks.
e. Alps. Prov. Dauph.

11. cerastiifolia. Tufted, somewhat woody.
L. ovato-lanceolate, 3-nerved, pubescent.
Stalks 1- flowered, terminal, piloso-glandu-
lose. Sepals lanceolate, somewhat obtuse,
nerved, shorter than petals. Caps. ovate,
hardly exceeding calyx. p. Clefts of rocks.
Pyr.

12. lanceolata. Tufted. L. lanceolate,
rounded at base. Stalks 1—8-flowered, termi-
nal. Sepals lanceolate, usually 5-nerved, as
long as petals. Seeds crowned! op. 7, 8.
Very high, rocks. s. Alps.

ii. L. very narrow, with one or no nerve.

13. stricta. Prostrate, with erect, nearly
leafless flowering-stems. L. filiform, semiterete,
nerveless. Fl.-stalks about 3, terminal, very
long. Sepals 3-nerved when dry, ovato-lan-
ceolate, about equalling petals. p.6—-8. Peaty,
not very wet. Salzb. Upper Bav. Sw. Teesdale.

14. biflora. Tufted. Branches 1—2-flowered.
L. narrow linear, nerveless, pointless, some-
what convex below. Sepals linear, 3-nerved,
very obtuse, hooded. Pet. half as long again
as calyx and capsule. Seeds finely dotted. p.
Snowy. Glaciers of Panerosaz near Bex aud
on the Fouly. Somewhat resembles Mcehringia
muscosa.

15. laricifolia. Tufted. Stalks ascending,
1- or many-flowered. L. lineari-subulate, nerve-
less. Sepals lineari-oblong, very obtuse, 3-
nerved. Pet. twice as long as calyx. p.7, 8.
High, dry pastures. Alps. Apen.

16. liniflora. Stem twisting, woody at
base. L. filiform. Pan. generally trifid, hirsuto-
viscid. Sep. oblong, obtuse, 3-nerved, shorter
than flower and than rostrate capsule. w.
7, 8. DMountans. Carr. Parma. Trent.

iii. L. narrow, 3-nerved ; at least when dry.
a. Sepals with 3 or more nerves.

17. Aarduini. Woody, downy, erect. L.
rigid, lanceolato-lmear. Pan. corymbose, few-
flowered. Sepals many-nerved. Seeds crested
on the back! w. 7-9. Apen.

18. recurva. Tufted. F.-stalks ascend-
ing. lL. lineari-subulate, 3-nerved. Sepals
ovato-lanceolate ; outer 5—7-nerved ; about as
long as oval, attenuate petals. p. 7, 8. Very
high, open. Sw. Tyr. marit. Alps. Pyr.

19. sedoides. Much branched. Branches
tufted, fastigiate. L. lanceolato-lnear, quite
smooth. F'l.-stalks solitary or in pairs, about
as long as calyx. Sepals ovate, acute, 3-nerved,
exceeding calyx. p. Very high. Algau. The
L. and F1.-stalks are much shorter than m A.
verna. Styles and Valves 3, 4, or 5.

20. rubella. Tufted. IL. linear, (not at
all subulate,) (lineari-subulate, HooxK®Er)
strongly 3-nerved. Stalks 1-flowered. Bracts
ovate. Sepals ovato-lanceolate, acute, 3-nerved,
exceeding petals. Styles and valves of Caps.
38-5. p. 7,8. Very high. Se. very rare.

21. austriaca. Prostrate, much branched.
Flowering-stem naked upwards, erect, 2-flower-
ed. Stalks very long, downy. LL. narrow linear,
veinless. Sepals lanceolate, with 3 parallel
nerves, half as long as petals, shorter than
capsule. p. 7, 8. High. e. Alps.

22. Villarsii. Procumbent, much branched.
Flowering-stem erect, 3—7-flowered. Stalks pu-
bescent. L. narrow linear, often with remote
veins. Sepals lanceolate, acute, with 3 arched
nerves, half as long as petals, equalling capsule.
p- 7,8. High. Mte. Rosa. Carinthia.

23. verna. Tufted. lL. lineari-subulate,
acute. Sepals ovato-lanceolate, acute, 3-nerved,
shorter than ovate, clawed petals. Caps. cy-
lindrical. p. Stony pastures.

24. Gerardi. “ Erect, branched. L. lineari-
subulate (somewhat obtuse, BaB.). FE I.-stalks

CARYOPHYLLACEA, 55

in pairs, terminal, 1-flowered. Sepals acumi-
nate, 3-nerved. Margin membranous. p.
Barren, high pastures. Alps of Dau. aud Prov.”
—DC. Bab. unites this to verna.

25. hispida. Tufted, erect, hairy. L.
subulate, hispid beneath, obscurely striate.
Pan. dichotomous. Sepals hispid, hardly striate,
shorter than petals. Caps. subglobose, hardly
exceeding calyx. p.6. Montp. Narb. Has
the appearance of a Spergula.

26. tenuifolia. Stem erect, dichotomous.
L. subulate. Fl. fascicled. Stalks many times
longer than calyx. Sepals lanceolato-subulate,
3-nerved. Margin scariose. Pet. oval, at-
tenuate, shorter than sepals. a.6-8. Malls,
fields, Se. oce.

b. Sepals with a single nerve between two

green stripes.

27. setacea. Trfted. Flowering-stalk
ascending, panicled. L. subulato-setaceous.
Fl.-stalks all longer than calyx. Sepals ovate,
acute, papery, with a green l-nerved dorsal
stripe. Pet. oval, somewhat longer than calyx.
p. 7,8. Stony. Fontbl. G. rare.

28. rostrata. Tufted. Flowering-stalks
ascending. Branches fasciculato-corymbose.
L. subulato-setaceous. Most Fl.-stalks about
equalling or shorter than calyx. Sepals lanceo-
tate, finely acute, papery, with a 1-nerved
green dorsal stripe. Pet.oblong, about equalling
calyx. p. 7, 8. Clefts of mountain rocks.
Vall. Furea.

29. fastigiata. Stems ascending, straight,
branched in upper part. L. subulato-setaceous.
Fl.-stalk shorter than bract. Sepals unequal,
lanceolato-subulate, finely acute, papery, with
a l-nerved green dorsal stripe, three times as
long as petals, a. 7, 8. Dry sandy. s. G.
s. Fr. It.

120. ARENARIA.

A. L. lanceolate or broader, \-nerved.

i. Sepals half as long again as corolla,
acuminate, 3-nerved.

1. Marschlinsii. Stems ascending, di-
chotomous, panicled. L. ovate, acuminate, ses-
sile; lowermost attenuate imto short stalk.
Inner Sepals with a scariose border, half as wide
as the herbaceous part. a. 7,8. Very high.
Spliigen. Engaddi. Tyrol.

2. serpyllifolia. Stems ascending, dicho-
tomous, panicled. L. ovate, acuminate, sessile ;
lowermost attenuate into short stalk. Inner

Sepals with a scariose border as wide as the
herbaceous part. a.6. elds and uncult,

ii. Petals longer than calyx.

3. balearica. Creeping, spreading over
the rocks like a moss. Is. subrotund, apiculate,
with scattered hairs on the edge, hafted. Stalks
1-flowered, long, terminal. Sepals elliptie,
nerveless. p. 5,6. Cors. Sard.

4. biflora. Stems prostrate, branched, some-
what flagelliform. IL. oval or subrotund, nearly
sessile, obtuse, ciliate at base. Branches short,
1-2-flowered. Sepals ovate, acute, 1-nerved,
shorter than petals, as long as capsules. p. 7, 8.
Very high, moist. Alps. rare. According to
Duby the Capsule is 3-valved. Styles 2-5.

5. ciliata. Stem tufted, prostrate. L.
elliptic or obovato-lanceolate, ciliate. Fl. ter-
minal. Sepals with appearance of nerves when
dry. p.7, 8. High stony. Alps. Auy. Pyr.
Apen. Ireland.

6. Salzmanni. “ Villous. Stem much
branched, flaccid. L. oblongo-lanceolate, acute,
ciliate at base. Fil. panicled. Sepals ovato-
lanceolate, acuminate, 3-nerved, exceeding cap-
sule. p.5. Rocks. Trapani. very rare.’—
Guss.

7. cinerea. “Hoary. L. ovato-lanceolate,
acute, ciliate; upper distant, lanceolate. Fl.
in a dichotomous panicle, on long stalks.
Sepals lanceolate, acute, somewhat keeled,
equalling capsule. Valves of Caps. callous,
p. 6. Stony. Prov.’—Dupy..

8. morvegica. Stems tufted, procumbent.
Branches 1—2-flowered. L. spatulate, not
cihate. Sepals ovate, somewhat acute, obscurely
3-nerved, nearly as long as petals. Caps.
ovoideo-globose. p. 7, 8. On a hill of
Serpentine. Unst, Shetland.

9. purpurascens. Tufted, decumbent.
Branches erect, 2—38-flowered. LL. ovato-
lanceolate, acute, sessile, minutely denticulato-
ciliate. Sepals lanceolate, very acute, smooth,
3-nerved. Caps. cylindrical, half as long again
as calyx. p.8. Very high. Pyr.

10. montana. Pubescent, barren. Stems
very long, procumbent. L. oblongo-lanceolate.
Stalks 1-flowered, long, terminal; of Fr. nod-
ding. Sepals ovate, acute, l-nerved. Caps,
ovato-globose. p.5. Sandy. w. Fr.

B. L. lanceolato-subulate or linear, 1-
nerved.

ll. grandiflora. Tufted. Flowering-
stems ascending, 1—2-flowered. Edges of L.

56 120. ARENARIA.

rolled in, giving the appearance of 3 nerves.
Sepals ovato-lanceolate, acuminate, 1-nerved.
p. 5-7. Stony mountaims. m. ands. Kur.

B. triflora. 3-5-flowered. L. somewhat
broader.
12. conimbrensis. Tufted. Flowering-

stems erect, panicled. Branches many-flowered.
L. linear, acute, ciliate at base. Sepals ovali-

oblong, acute, obscurely 3-nerved, ciliate
at base. b. 6, 7. Cale. stony. Cher.—
BorEAv.

CG. L. 3-edged, having two strong marginal
Ribs, and a Madrib, which does not show
on the upper surface.

13. tetraquetra. LL. ovato - lanceolate,
squarrose, with a membranous margin, ciliate
at base; lower in four rows. w. 6. Stony
fills. dt. Fr. Lig.

121. STELLARIA.

A. Columella long linear. Capsule opening
only at the top.
1. viscida. Viscoso-pubescent. Lower L.
spatulate, stalked; upper lmear. a. 5,6. Low
mws. Nantes. Sil. ober Baden. Metz.

2. cerastoides. Stem with a hairy line.
L. sessile; lower lanceolate, obtuse; upper-
most somewhat ovate, acute, sessile. Caps.

exceeding calyx. p. 7.8. High moist. Se.
Alps. Pyr.
B. nivalis. LL. clothed with long hairs.

3. saxifraga. Tufted, pubescent. L. ovate,
acute, sessile. Caps. exceeding calyx. p. 7, 8.
High. Pdm. Apen. Sard.

ii. Capsule opening to the middle.
4. nemorum. Upper part of stem villous.
L. stalked, cordate, acuminate; those on the
branches sessile. p. 5-7. Mozst woods.

B. Columella very short.
i. Lower L. stalked.

5. latifolia. Stem somewhat rooting at
base. Lower L. sub-cordate, stalked; upper
sessile. Pet. shorter than calyx. Fruit-stalk
reflexed. Seeds disciform, rugose. a. 7, 8.
Wet. Mtp.

6. media. Stems diffuse, with a hairy
line. Lower L. ovate; upper elliptic or lan-
ceolate. Stalk of Fl. hardly exceeding L.
Stamens 2-5. Fr.-stalk deflexed. Seeds some-
what reniform, rugose. a.4—-7. Uncult.

B. grandiflora, Ten. Stalk of FI. twice
L. Stamens 10. Seeds disciform, tuber-
cled. occ.

7. bulbosa. Rhizoma horizontal, filiform,
knotted! LL. elliptic, acute. Fr.-stalks arched
downwards. p.4,5. Oak woods. Laybach
in Carn. and Tanzelsdorf in Sty.

ii. All L. sessile, rough on margin.

8. holostea. Stem 4-edged, weak, as-
cending. I. lanceolate, with long acumen.
Bracts leaf-hke. Sepals nerveless, half as long
as petals. p.5. Hedges and thickets.

Stem hardly longer than
Fl.-stalks. L. lineari-lanceolate. Sepals 3-
nerved, lanceolate, as long as petals. Bracts
scariose. p.6. High wet. Loch Nevis, In-
verness-shire.

9. scapigera.

10. friesiana. Stem diffuse, 4-edged,
rough in upper part. lL. linear. Bracts sca-
viose. Sepals nerveless; when fresh equal-
ling petals. p. 7-9. Grassy. Gesenpe in
Riesengebirge. Luxemburg.

iii, All L. sessile. Margin smooth.

1l. graminea. Stem diffuse, 4-edged.
L. glabrous, ciliate at base. Bracts scariose,
ciliate. Sepals 3-nerved, equalling petals. p.
5, 6. Dry thickets and heaths.

12. glauca. Stem erect, weak, 4-edged.
L. Iineari-lanceolate, acute, quite hairless.
Bracts scariose. Margin hairless. Sepals 3-
nerved, shorter than petals. p.5—7. Boggy
mus. and ponds, occ. Not in Italy.

13. uliginosa. Stem diffuse, 4-edged. L.

oblongo-lanceolate, ciliate at base. Bracts
scariose. Margin hairless. Sepals 3-nerved.
Pet. bipartite, shorter than calyx. a. 6, 7.

Springs and rills.

14. crassifolia. Stem diffuse, 4-edged.
L. oblongo-lanceolate, quite hairless. Bracts
leaf-like. Sepals somewhat 3-nerved at base.
Pet. bipartite, exceeding calyx. p.? 7, 8.
Boggy meadows. vn. G.

122. HOLOSTHUM.

l. umbellatum. Root L. elliptic, glau-
cous, smooth. Fl. in umbels. Stalks de-
flexed after flowering. a.4. Walls and dry
fields. Rare in Eng.

123. MOBHRINGIA.

A. Stamens 8. Petals 4.
1. muscosa. L. flat, lear, very narrow.

CARYOPHYLLACE A.

Divisions of Cal. lanceolate, acute, flat. p. 6, 7.
Shady rocks, among mountains.

2. sedifolia. L. convex on both sides,
short, lineari-lanceolate, keeled. p. 6. Col
di Tende.

3. papulosa.
papillose. p. 5.

B. Stamens 10. Petals 5.

4. Ponze. L. linear, obtuse, fleshy, nerve-
less, smooth, with a short mucro. Stems
tufted. Stalks about 2-flowered, terminal.
Sepals obtuse, 3-nerved, shorter than petals.
Caps. 4-7 valved. p.6,7. Rocks. Tyrol.
Monte Baldo.

5. polygonoides. L. lineari- filiform,
somewhat fleshy, nerveless. Stems procum-
bent. Stalks 1- or more flowered, lateral.
Sepals obtuse, 3-nerved, shorter than petals.

_ L. fleshy, lineari-spatulate,
Furlo. Apen.

(Caps. 3-valved, Bert.) p. 6, 7. Stony
pastures. Alps.
6. villosa. Stems ascending. L. lineari-

lanceolate, acute, mnerveless; lowest much
smaller, elliptic, tapering into a stalk shorter
than L. Stalks 1-3-flowered, reflexed after
flowering. Sepals acute, nerveless, shorter
than petals. p. 6-8. Mns. Poresen above
Zarz, Carn.

7. diversifolia. L. lineari-lanceolate; low-
est ovate, acute, tapering into stalks two or three
times as long as L. Stalks 1-3-flowered, ter-
minal, porrect after flowering. Sepals ovate,
l-nerved; outer acute; mner obtuse, shorter
than petals. p. 6, 7. Shady cale. rocks. Sty.
Carn.

8. trinervia. All L. ovate, acute, 3-
nerved ; lower on stalks as long as L. Sepals
acute, 3-nerved, longer than petals. a. 5, 6.
Shady banks.

124. SAGINA.

1. ciliata. Diffuse. Fr. at first cernuous,
afterwards erect. L. linear, awned, ciliate at
base. Two outer Sepals acuminato-mucronate.
a. 6,7. elds, very rare. Bingen. Luxem-
burg. Westph. Sax.

2. bryoides. Creeping. Fr. at first cer-
nuous, afterwards erect. L. linear, mucronu-
late, finely denticulato-ciliate. Sepals obtuse,
pointless. a. Rotten wood in the Valley.
Syn near Steeg in Tyrol.

Procumbent. . Fr. at
afterwards erect. IL. linear,

3. procumbens.
first cermuous,

or
~

mucronulate, quite hairless. Sepals obtuse,
pointless, execeding petals. a. 5-8. Walls and
dry.

4. maritima. Fr. always erect. LL. Jan-
ceolate, very short, quite hairless. Sepals
obtuse, pointless. Pet. 0. a. 5-8. Shore. Br.
G. w. I'r. Sard. Cors.

5. apetala. Nearly erect. Fr. always erect.
L.linear, bristle-pointed, ciliate. Sepals spread-
ing in the Fr.; two outer somewhat cuspidate.

5, 6. Barren.

6. patula. Stem with spreading branches
from the base. Fr. slightly nodding, after-
wards erect. L. linear subulate, bristle-
pointed. Base of Cal. and upper part of Stalk
covered with glandular hairs. Cal. of Fr.
erect. a. elds. Quincieux on the Rhone.
—JORDAN.

125. SPERGULA.

i. L. whorled, stipulate. Seeds winged.

1. sativa. Stamens 10. Seeds large, remi-
formi-subrotund, not tubercled, but finely
granulate under a high power. Crest narrow ;
‘no peripheric circle by the crest.” a. 4, 5.
Canton of Tessin.— BERT.

2. arvensis. Stamens 10. Seeds much
smaller than in the last, thick, lenticular, ir-
regularly sprinkled with pale dots; margin
very narrow. a. 5-7. IMelds.

3. pentandra. Stamens usually 5. Seeds
compressed, with a broad radiating margin,
and surrounded by a ring of minute, white
tubercles. a. 4-6. elds.

ii. L. opposite. Stipules 0. Seeds
without wings, reniform.

4. nodosa. L. lineari-filiform ; upper in
bundles. Fl. and Fr. erect. Pet. twice as
long as calyx. p. 7,8. Moist uh or peat.
n. and m. Kur.

5. saginoides. Creeping. L. linear, with
short mucro. Fl.-stalks solitary, very long,
smooth. Young Fr.cernuous; afterwards erect.
Pet. and Sepals obtuse, about equal. p. 6.
Mountains, high.

6. subulata. Creeping, cespitose, some-
what hairy. LL. linear, pointed, rigid, curved,
(fringed, Sm.) Fl.-stalks solitary, very long,
somewhat hairy. Pet. and Sepals obtuse,
about equal. p. 7,8. Sandy heaths.

7. pilifera. Stems tufted, decumbent. L.
filiformi-subulate, with a long acumen. F'.-

58

stalks long. Pet. twice as long as calyx. w.
6,7. High mus. Cors. Sard. Aitna.

8. glabra. Prostrate, creeping. L. lineari-
filiform, mucronulate. Stalks of Fl.-bud nod-
ding; of Fr. erect. Pet. 5, twice as long as

calyx. p. 6,7. Shady mus. s. e. Fr. Cors.
n. It. s. Tyrol.

- 126. MGENCHIA.

1. erecta. Anthers 4. Styles recurved.
Pet. shorter than calyx. a 4, 5. Dry
pastures.

2. mantica. Anthers8-—10. Stylesstraight.
Pet. twice as long as calyx. a.5. Grassy.
Carn. s, Tyr. it. Sw.

Koch mentions a Meoenchia octandra as
growing in the south of Europe, but I have
met with no description.

127. CERASTIUM.

A. Teeth of Caps. in 5 pairs.

B. Teeth of Caps. equidistant.
out barren shoots.

i. Pet. not longer, or hardly longer, than

Sp. Ll.
Plant with-

sepals.

a. Sepals hairy to the top. Bracts leaf-
like. Sp. 2-6.

b. Points of Sepals scariose, hairless.
Sp. 7-18.

ii. Pet. twice as long as sepals. Sp. 14, 15.

C. Caps. curved. Teeth straight, equidistant.
Plant perennial, with barren shoots. Sp.
16-22.

D. Caps. straight. Teeth closely rolled back.
Sp. 23.

A. Teeth of Capsule in 5 pairs.

1. aquaticum. Pct. bipartite. L. cor-
date, acuminate ; those of barren shoots stalked.
Bracts leaf-like. p. 6-8. Wet banks and
thickets.

B. Teeth of Capsule equidistant, straight.
Capsule usually curved. Plant without
arren shoots.

i. Petals not longer, or hardly longer, than
sepals.

a. Sepals hary to the top. Bracts leaf-like.

2. glomeratum. Pet. 1iot longer than
calyx. Sepals lanceolate, acute, (bearded,
Gopr.,) as long as stalk. Bracts leaf-like.
L. broadly oval or ovate. a. 5-8. elds and
banks. A slender Var. without petals has
Leen found at Reigate: perhaps distinct.

125. SPERGULA.

3. illyricum. Pet. not longer than calyx.
Sepals everywhere villous, as long as stalk.
Hairs spreading. Bracts leaf-like. lL. oval,
acute. Pan. few-flowered. Upper part of stem
with deflexed hairs. a. 4,5. Corbara, Cors.
— BERT.

4. androsaceum. Dwarf, very hairy.
Sepals linear, very acute, three times as long
as ovato-lanceolate, obtuse petals. Fl. about 3,
in an involucrate head. Caps. somewhat shorter
than calyx. a. Roadsides. Cors.

5. siculum. “ Villoso-hirsute; upper part
viscid. Pentandrous. Branches approximate,
ascending, dichotomous. Upper L. oval. Bracts
not scariose. Sepals acute, scariose on one
side, exceeding the cloven petals. Caps. rather
shorter than the lower stalks, twice as long as
the upper and as calyx; a little curved. a.
3,4. Sandy fields. Sic.”—Guss.

6. brachypetalum. Sepals acute, as long
as petals, half or one-third as long as stalk. »
Bracts leaf-like. Stem ascending. LL. oblong
or oval. Caps. nodding. a. 5, 6. Barren
grassy. Fr. G. It.

b. Point of Sepals scarrose, harrless.

7. atrovirens. Sepals usually 4, lanceo-
late, acute, with narrow scariose margin; not
half as long as stalk, longer than petals. Stamens
4,5. Bracts leaf-hke. L. ovate or oblong,
somewhat acute. Caps. nearly erect, longer
than calyx. a.6, 7. Barren.—BaB. Bab-
ington attributes a scariose margin to the
bracts, which I do not find.

8. tetrandrum. Sepals lanceolate, acumi-
nate, with very broad scariose margin, and a
central, nearly excurrent, herbaceous line ;
shorter than stalk, not longer than petals,
shorter than reflexed capsule. Stamens 4, 5.
Bracts ovate or nearly round, leaf-hke. LL.
elliptic-oblong ; upper nearly orbicular.’ a. 5.
Tynemouth. Shetland.

9. pentandrum. “ Hrect, somewhat hir-
sute; upper part viscid. Pentandrous. Bracts
not scariose; these and Cal. glanduloso-pubes-
cent. Lower F'r.-stalks three or four lines
long, at last refracted. Sepals scariose at top,
denticulate, exceeding the petals, somewhat
shorter than capsule. a. 3,4. Sandy shores.
Sic.”’—Guss.

10. glutinosum. “Sepals and upper
Bracts with a scariose margin, and a central,
excurrent, herbaceous line; lower Bracts herba-
ceous. Stem erect or ascending. L. oblong and

| ovate; lowernarrowed into haft. Upperbranches

CARYOPHYLLACE.

of Pan. crowded. Fr.-stalks spreading hori-
zontally, two or three times as long as calyx.
Pet. about as long as calyx. a. 4,5. Lelds
and dry pastures. occ. G.’—Kocu. “ Distin-
guished from C. triviale by the seeds, smooth
except on the margin.” —Gonk. from FRIES.

11. triviale. Sepals and Bracts scariose
on margin. Pet. about as long as calyx.
Lower F'r.-stalks two or three times as long as
calyx, nearly erect. Lateral stems often root-
ing at the base. L. oblong or ovate; lower
attenuate. a.andb. 5-8. Unceult.

B. holosteoides. Nearly smooth. Sides of
Stems alternately pubescent.

LI cannot make out on what characters M.
Godrox means to found his C. alsinoides,
which seems to differ from triviale only in the
want of beard to the sepal. Perhaps his var.
a. obscurum may be the atrovirens of Bab.,
while is B. pallens may go to triviale.

12. pumilum. Sepals lanceolate, acute,
with a narrow scariose margin, nearly as long
as stalk ; as long as petals. Stalk of Fr. reflexed.
Stamens 5. Bracts with a’ very narrow mem-
branous margin. L. ovato-lanceolate.-—Bas.
a. 5. Croydon. Nevers. Bourges.

13. semidecandrum. All the Bracts and
Sepals very scariose, eroso-denticulate. Pan.
umbel-like at top. Pet. hardly so long as
calyx. Fr.-stalk two to three times as long as
calyx, deflexed, afterwards erect. a. 83-5. Dry
banks and watts.

ii. Petals twice as long as sepals.

14. campanulatum. Lower Bracts her-
baceous ; the third series has sometimes a
narrow scariose margin. Pet. twice as long as
calyx. F'r.-stalk twice as long as calyx. L.
oblong; lower somewhat spatulate. a. and
b. 4,5. Barren pastures. Paris. Vall. It.

15. sylvaticum. Lower Bracts herbaceous;
upper with narrow scariose margin. Pet.
twice as long as calyx. Lateral stems rooting.
Lower L. ovate, acute, abruptly contracted into
staiks ; upper lanceolate, acuminate. (C. re-
pens of Linnaeus, according to Bert.) b.
6, 7. Iloist woods. Manerbach near Vienna.
Trieste. Sty.

©. Capsule curved. Teeth straight. Root

perennial, producing barren shoots. Pe-
tals far exceeding calyx.

16. -glaciale. Bracts none, distinguishable

from LL. Stems numerous, procumbent.

Flowerimg-stems 1-, very rarely 3-flowered.

I

- cent, erect.

2

59

L. elliptic-oblong. p.7. Very high. Alps.
The bracts seem never to be wanting, even on
the \-flowered stalks of C.\atifolium ; and never
to occur in this.

17. latifolium. Bracts small, thin, her-
baceous. Shoots tufted, procumbent. Flower-
ing-stems erect, 1-3-flowered. L. elliptic or
lanceolate. p. 7, 8. High mountains.

18. alpinum. Bracts somewhat scariose
at top. Shoots creeping. Flowering-stems
ascending, 1—3-, rarely 7-flowered. r.-stalks
spreading obliquely. LL. elliptic, or lanceo-
late. p. 5-8. High, stony.

19. ovatum. Bracts broadly scariose.
Shoots creeping. 'lowering-stems ascending,
6—9-flowered. F'r.-stalks pubescent, spreading
obliquely. Lower L. lanceolate; upper ovate,
acuminate. p. 6-8. High, stony. Carinthia.
Sty. Hallstadt.

20. arvense. JBracts broadly scariose.
Shoots creeping. Flowering-stems erect, 7—
15-flowered. Cal. nodding. F'r.-stalks pubes-
L. lineari-lanceolate. p. 4, 5.
Open hills ane banks.

B. strictum. I. smooth, ciliate at base.

y. suffruticosum. Woody at base. 1, erect,

rigid.

21. tomentosum. Tomentose. Bracts
widely scariose, barren. Stems rooting, tufted.
Flowermg-stems erect, 7—15-flowered. Fr.-
stalks erect. Cal. nodding. L. lineari-lanceo-
late. p. 4,5. Open, and walls.. Sw. Prov.
Guadagnolo. Naples. Sic.

22, filiforme. ‘Stems tufted. L. filiform,
3-edged, fleshy. Sepals lanceolate. Caps.
oblong, exceeding calyx, always. erect. L.-
stalks about as long as calyx. p. Upper
Styria.” —DC. from Vust. Not noticed by Koch.

D. Teeth of Capsule revolute.

23. grandiflorum. Barren shoots root-
ing. Flowering-stems erect, 7—15-flowered.
L. narrow linear, somewhat fleshy, convex
beneath. Margin revolute when dry. p. 7, 8.
The high Schwab in Upper Styria.

Tribe III. HLATINEG.
128. ELATINE. |

1. triandra. Pet. 3, pms. Stamens 3.
L. opposite, longer than stalks. Fl. sessile.
a. 9, 10. Edges of ponds, below the usual
level of the water. Eng. G. oce.

60 128. ELATINE..

2. hexandra. Pet. 3. Stamens 6. L.
opposite, longer than stalks. Fl. on short
stalks. a. 6-8. With the preceding, but
more rare. G. Pdm. Sic.

3. major. Pet. 4. Stamens 8. L. opposite,
longer than stalks. Fr.-stalk 2 or 3 times
as long as fruit. a. 7,8. Rice-fields. Ver.

4. Efydropiper. Pet. 4, white. Stamens
8. L. opposite, shorter than stalk. Fl. nearly

a. 6-8. Places often covered with
Fr. G. Engl. and Irel. Very rare.

5. macropoda. Pet. 4, white. Stamens
8. lL. opposite, spatulate, much shorter than
haft. Lower Fl.-stalks much exceeding L.
a. 3,4. Inundated. Sic. Cors. Sard.

6. Aisinastrum. Pet. 4. Stamens 8. L.
in whorls. Fl. axillary, nearly sessile. a. 7, 8.
Ponds, rice-fields. Fr. G. Ver.

sessile.
water.

XV. LINEA.

Sepals 5, imbricate.

129. LINUM.

A.. L. alternate.
i. Flowers blue, rarely white.

a. Sepals without glands, and usually
without cilia. Sp. 1-8.

b. Sepals glanduloso-ciliate. Sp. 9.
ii. Flowers purplish, at least at base.
a. Sepals ciliate, but without glands.
Sp. 10.

b. Sepals glanduloso-ciliate. Sp. 11-15.
iii. Flowers yellow.
a. Sepals without glands. Sp. 16.

b. Sepals glanduloso-ciliate.

* TL. with a gland on each side of base.
Sp. 17-19.

** JT, without glands.

B. L. opposite. Flowers white.

A. L. alternate.
i. Flowers blue, rarely white.
a. Sepals without glands, and nearly
without cilia.

1. narbonense. Sepals very acuminate,
twice as long as capsule. Stems smooth, erect.
Pan. corymbose. L. lineari-lanceolate. p.5—7.
Dry open lills. s. ¥r. un. It. Adr. G.

2. usitatissimura. Sepals all acute or
acuminate, about as long as capsule. Pet.
crenate, about three times as long as calyx.
L. lanceolate. Stem erect, solitary. a. 6.
Escapes.

3. angustifolium. Sepals all acute or
acuminate, about as long as capsule. Pet.
about twice as long as sepals. Valves of
Caps. finely acuminate. L. lineari-lanceolate,

Sp. 20-24.
Sp. 25.

Petals convolute.

Germen 1. Styles 5.
3-nerved, acute. Stems numerous, diffuse. p.
6,7. Fields and meadows.

4. austriacum. Sepals ovate ; inner very
obtuse, hardly as long as capsule. ['r.-stalks
decurved. Stems numerous. L. linear, acute,
erect. p. 6,7. Heaths and banks. s. e. G.
Abr. Lorr.

5. alpinum. Sepals ovate, about two-thirds
length of capsule; mner very obtuse. Pan.
corymbose, few-flowered. Fr.-stalks erect.
Stems numerous. LL. lineari-lanceolate, with
pellucid dots; lower shorter, more crowded,
and often reflexed. p. 6,7. Dry mountain
pastures. Alps. Pyr. Abr.

6. Iseonii. Sepals elliptic; outer acumi-
nate, about two-thirds length of capsule; inner
obtuse. Fr.-stalks erect. Stems numerous.
L. lineari-lanceolate, mucronate; the lower
shorter, more crowded, and often reflexed. p.
7, 8. Dry hills. Lorr.—Gopron.

7. perenne. Sepals ovate, half as long as
capstle, their margin scariose, entire ; inner
very obtuse. Stems numerous, ascending. L.
all acute, not mucronate or dotted. Caps.
subglobose. p. 6, 7. Chathky hills. Eng.
Sard. G.

8. punctatum. Sepals ovate, acute, half
as long as globose capsule. Margin scariose,
entire. Stems numerous, decumbent, simple.
L. lanceolate, with pellucid dots; the lower
crowded, smaller, obtuse, often reflexed. p.
5, 6. Nebrodes.

b. Sepals glanduloso-ciliate.

9. siculum. Sepals ovato-lanceolate, acu-
minate, 3-nerved. Pet. three times as long as
calyx. . \ineari-lanceolate, acute, 3-nerved.

LINEA. 61

Stem solitary. p.5. Grassy hills. S. Maria
a Gesi. Palermo.—Guss.

i. Petals purplish, at least at the base.
a. Sepals ciliate, but without glands.

10. decumbens. Sepals subulate, on an
ovate base, 3-nerved. Fl. few, corymbose.
Pet. three times as long as calyx. Caps. acu-
minate. Stems tufted. L. linear, 3-nerved ;
lower acute; upper acuminate. a. 4, 5. Open
hulls. Lecce. Sic.

b. Sepals glanduloso-ciliate.

11. tenuifolium. Sepals lanceolate, pro-
longed, exceeding capsule, Stems smooth. L.
linear, acuminate, without hairs. Margin
rough. Stems branched, diffuse. w. 6, 7.
Warm. w.ands. Kur. Not in Sie.

12. salsoloides. Sepals elliptic, pro-
longed, hardly exceeding capsule. L. linear,
acuminate. Margin rough. Stems woody at
base, twisted. #7. white, purplish at. base.
w. 6,7. Dry. Prov. Gase. Var. of 11?

13. hirsutum. Sepals lanceolate, acumi-
nate, exceeding capsule. Stem tomentoso-
villous. L. ovato-lanceolate, 3-—5-nerved ;
upper fringed with glandular hairs. p. 6, 7.
Uneult. hills. _e. Pyr. Sty. lower Austria.
Monte Baldo. Nice.

14, viscosum. Sepals lanceolate, acumi-
nate, exceeding capsule. Stem villous. Hairs
very spreading. I. lanceolate, 3—5-nerved ;
lower elliptic, hirsute ; upper glanduloso-ciliate.
p. 6-8. High pastures. s. Ger. It.

15. piligerum. “Sepals linear, hirsute.
Styles equalling stamens. Stem terete, nearly
simple, erect, covered with white spreading
hairs. L. oblongo-lanceolate, somewhat acute,
3-nerved, hirsute. a. 4, 5. Open Sills.
Cefalu.”’—Guss.

iii. Mowers yellow.
a. Sepals without glands.

16. nodiflorum. Sepals linear, somewhat
acuminate, mucronate, as long as petals, two or
three times capsule, and much longer than

fruit-stalk. . Lower L. obovato-lanceolate ;
upper lanceolate. a. 6,7. elds. Toulon.
It. Trieste.

b.. Sepals glanduloso-ciliate.
* LT. with a gland on each side of base.

17. flavum. Sepals lanceolate, acuminate,
exceeding capsule. fl. in a lax corymb. Stem

head.

sharply prismatic. Lower L. obovato-lanceolate,
acute; upper lanceolate, acuminate. w. 7.
Dry pastures. 3, e. G.

18. serrulatum.

Sepals ovate, acute,
about equalling capsule.

Fl. in a corymbose
Stem sharply prismatic. Lower L.
obovato-lanceolate; upper lanceolate ; all acute.
w. 6,7. Abr. and Piceno.—BeErt.

19. campanulatum. Sepals lineari-lan-
ceolate, acuminate, entire, exceeding capsule.
Stem striate. Lower L. obovato-spatulate, very
obtuse. w. 5,6. Lig. Monte Gargano.

** T, without glands.

20. strictum. Sepals lanceolate, acumi-
nate, much longer than stalk, twice as long as
capsule. Fl.crowded. All L. lineari-lanceolate,
straight. Margin very rough. a. 5,6. Dry
hills. s, Kur.

21. gallicum. Sepals lanceolate, acuminate,
about equalling stalk, half as long again as
capsule. Pan. loosely corymbose. I. lineari-
lanceolate. Margin somewhat rough. a. 6,
Dry hills. s. Kur.

22. aureum. (corymbulosum, Kocu.)
“Sepals lanceolate, acuminate; point rough
on the margin; twice as long as capsule.
Branchlets axillary, with some hairs on the
inside. LL. lineari-lanceolate. Margin rough.
Fr.-stalk as long or somewhat longer than
capsule. a.6,7. Dry uncult. Adr. Ger.”
—Kocu.

23. Miulleri. Sepals ovate, acute. Stalks
1-flowered, about equal to calyx and to capsule.
Stem downy, branched below, panicled above.
L. 1-nerved, ciliate; lower elliptico-oblong,
obtuse ; upper lanceolate. Stigma capitate.
w. 5,6. Pastures. Iglesias in Sard.

24. maritimum. Sepals ovate, with short
acumen, about as long as capsule, many times
shorter than stalk. Lower L. opposite, elliptic ;
upper lanceolate, alternate. p. 8,9. s. Fr.
It. Trieste.

B. L. opposite. Flowers white.

25. catharticum. Sepals elliptic, acumi-
nate, glanduloso-ciliate. Stem forked. ~FI.
drooping. Lower L. obovate; upper lanceolate.
a. 7,8. Meadows and pastures.

130. RADIOLA.

1. Millegrana. a.7, 8. Moist sand.

Not wn Italy.

6%

XVI, MALVACEAI.

Germens several. Styles united at base.

Sepals valvular.

Petals convolute. Filaments united

into a complete tube.

131. MALOPE.

1. malacoides. Stalks J-flowered, avxil-
lary. L. ovate, crenate. Stip. oblongo-linear.
a. 6. Dry coast. Prov. It.

1382. MALVA.

A. Outer Calyx of 2.L.! Sp. 1.

B. Axillary Stalks solitary, exceeding L.-
stalk. Sp. 2-5.

GC. Axillary Stalks generally solitary, very
short. Sp. 6, 7.

D. Axillary Stalks many, longest equalling
L.-stalk. Sp. 8-11.

E. Axillary Stalks many, all much shorter
than L.-stalk. Sp. 12-21.

A. Outer Calyx of 2 L.! (In all the other
species there are 3. |

l. hispanica. IL. semi-orbicular, crenate ;
uppermost somewhat rhomboid. Stem erect,
hairy. a. Sic. Not seen by Gussone.

B. Lower Flower-stalks axillary, solitary,
exceeding L.-stalk.

2. eretica. Lower L. cordato-subrotund,

crenate; upper 38—5-partite. Stem erect. a. 5.
Calcareous hills, Terracina. Sic.

3. tournefortiana. Root L. 5-partite,
trifid or somewhat pinnatifid. Segments linear.
Stem decumbent. Hairs few, stellato-fascicu-
late. a.6. Coast of Mdt. Frej. Rous.

4. Alcea. Root L. cordato-subrotund ;
upper 5-partite. Segments trifid,inciso-dentate,
or pinnatifid, rough with stellato-fasciculate
hairs. Outer Sepals ovate, prolonged. Valves of
Caps. glabrous, somewhat transversely wrinkled.
vp. 7-9. Hedges. m.ands. Kur.

B. ttalica. Outer division of Cal. ovate or
elliptic, acuminate.

5. moschata. Root L. cordato-subrotund.
Stem L. 5-partite. Segments pinnatifid, mcise,
or bipinnatifid. Cal. hairy; outer divisions
lineari-lanceolate. Valves of Caps. densely
hirsute. p. 7,8. Dry shade.

Mr. Borrer gathered in Somersetshire a
variety with the Stem L. also cordato-subrotund.
It has propagated itself in his garden as an —
annual for twenty years without alteration.

C. Hower-stalks axillary, generally solitary,
very short.

6. Morenii. “Stem erect. LL. cordato-
subrotund, 5-lobed, crenate, hoary beneath.
Fruit-stalks nearly solitary. Cal. tomentose ;
outer divisions ovate, acute. Caps. smooth. LV.

large. .5,6. Monte Baldo. Trent. &c.”
—Port. Put by DC. as a variety of M.
Alcea.

7. tomentella. Prostrate, hoary with
stellate pubescence. L. cordato-subrotund, 5-
angled, obtuse, dentate. Outer divisions of
Cal. oblong, obtuse. a. 5. Meds. Trapani.
—Guss. from PRESL.

D. Lower stalks axillary, several, unequal ;
longest as long as L.-stalk.

8. ambigua. Stemascending. L. crenate ;
lower cordato-subrotund, somewhat 5—7-lobed ;
upper ovato-subrotund, acutely palmate. Stip.
leaf-lke. Pet. three times as long as calyx.
Caps. hirsute. a.b.4,5. Open fields. s. Sic.

9. polymorpha. Erect. Lower L. cordato-
subrotund, obtusely lobed, crenate ; upper
truncated at base, acutely 3—5-lobed, dentato-
serrate. Stip.leaf-lke. Pet. quarter of calyx.
Caps. hirsute. The upper Stipules are some-
times scariose. a.b.4,5. Fields and uncult.
Trapani. Marsale. Pal.

10. erecta. Villous, erect, somewhat
branched. LL. cordato-subrotund, crenato-
dentate ; upper 5-lobed. Stip. scariose, ciliate.
Fl.-stalks 1 or 2, erect, stiff. Pet. three times

calyx. Caps. rugulose, tomentose. a.b. 4, 5.
Dry fields and uncult. Pal. &e. Sie. Lz
the character Gussone says, ‘‘ Pedunculis

23

folio eequalibus ;” in the longer description of
jas Variety 6,‘ Pedunculi petiolo seepits bre-
viores.””

11. hirsuta. Hirsute, erect. L. cordato-
peltate, nearly round. Hairs adpressed. Lower
L. obtusely lobed, dentato-crenate ; uppermost

MALVACEA. 63

with acuminate, serrate lobes. Stip. scariose,

ciliate. Fvr.-stalks 2—6, stiff, spreading. Pet.
four times as long as calyx. Caps. somewhat
hirsute. p. 5,6. Woody hills. Sic.

E. Axillary Stalks more than 1; all much
shorter than L.-stalh.

12. excelsa. ‘“ Pubescence stellate. Stem
erect, much branched. L. semicircular, 5-
angular, crenato-dentate; those of branches
with about 5 obtuse lobes. T'v.-stalks 3-6,
erect. Outer divisions of Cal. ovate. Caps.
rugulose, hairless. a. 5, 6. Melds and uncult.
Santa Maria 4 Gest. Palermo.”—Guss. from
PRES.

13. mauritiana. “Erect. L. thin, 3-5-
lobed, obtusely and obliquely serrate ; the middle
lobe prolonged. L.-stalk pubescent on the
upper side only. Fr.-stalk smooth. Outer
divisions of Cal. ovate, ribbed. Caps. rugulose,
flat on the back. a. 7-10. It.”’—DC. -

14. sylvestris. Nearly erect. L. with
5-7 acute lobes. Stalks hairy. Stip. scariose.
¥y.-stalks erect, hairy (lax, often arched, Guss.).
Outer divisions of Cal. elliptico-oblong. Pet.
three or four times as long as calyx. Claw
very hairy. Caps. pitted. Carpels with a
thickened and rounded margin. b.7, 8. Uncult.

15. niczeensis. Stem procumbent (erect,
with decumbent branches, Guss.). L. cordato-
subrotund, 5—7-lobed. Stip. membranous.
Fr.-stalks 2-6. Pet. twice as long as calyx.
Claw slightly bearded. Carpels with acute
edges, and acute, transverse, irregular wrinkles.
a. b. 4-6—Guss. 7-8.—Kocu. Uneuit.
s. Hur.

16. flexuosa. “Spreading. Stem some-
what flexuose. L. round, dentato-crenate,
covered beneath with a stellate pubescence ;
lower cordate, obtusely 5—7-lobed ; upper
truncate at base, deeply 5-lobed. Fr.-stalks
1-3, one much the longest. Cor. somewhat
longer than calyx. Caps. rugose, toothed
on the margin, pubescent. b. p. 4, 5.
Neglected jpastures. Milazzo. Favignano.
Resembles M. parviflora.”—Guss.

17. parviflora. Diffuse, branched. L. cor-
dato-subrotund. Lobes spreading ; upper
acutely lobed. Stalks nearly smooth. Fr.-stalks
2-6, irregularly prolonged. Cor. hardly ex-
ceeding calyx. Carpels with acute edges, and

acute, transverse, irregular wrinkles. a. 3, 4.
Uncult. dt. Fr. It.
18. borealis. Stem procumbent. L. cor-

dato-subrotund. Lobes approximate, giving

a circular outline to L. (lr.-stalks bent down,
Kocu.) Outer divisionsof Cal.Jineari-lanceolate.
Pet. equalling calyx. Carpels with acute edge,
and acute, transverse, irregular wrinkles. a.
6-9. Uncult. n. G.

19. rotundifolia. Stem procumbent. L.
cordato-subrotund, 5—7-lobed. Fr.-stalks bent
down. Outer divisions of Cal. lineari-lanceolate.
Pet. twice or three times as long as calyx.
Carpels rounded on the back. Surface even,
hairy. a.6-9. Uncult. Not in Sic.

20. bivoniana. “ Pubescence stellate.
Stem erect, simple. L. cordato-subrotund, ob-
tusely angular, dentate. Stalks smooth under-
neath. Fr.-stalks 3, deflexed. Outer divisions
of Cal. linear, much shorter than inner. Pet.
a little longer than calyx. Carpels tomentose.
a. 5-7. Fields. Pal. Cat.”—Guss. from
PRESL.

21. suleata. Erect. L. cordate, with five
deep, triangular, acute lobes. Cor. hardly ex-
ceeding calyx. Carpels rounded on the back,
the surface veined. a. Llanelly, s. Wales.

133. ALTHABA.

A. Outer Calyx {-9-cleft.
on back.
l. officinalis. L. cordate or ovate, nearly
simple, dentate, soft and downy. Stalks many-
flowered, much shorter than L. p. 7-9.
Marshes of coast.

Carpels convex

2. taurinensis. UL. trifid; dentate, soft
and downy. Stalks many-flowered, stiff, as
longas L. p. Hidls. Turin. Divisions of
Cal. acuminate.

3. narbonensis. Lower L. 5—7-partite;
upper trifid, downy. Stalks many-flowered,
lax, longer than L. p. Narbonne.

4. cannabina. L.tomentoso-scaber ; lower
palmato-partite; middle digitate ; uppermost
ternate. Lobes narrow, coarsely toothed.
Stalks 1-2-flowered, lax, exceeding L. p. 7.
Margins and woods. m. ands. Ew.

5. hirsuta. Hispid with spreading hairs.
L. cordate ; lower reniform, 5-lobed; middle
palmate; uppermost tripartite. Stalks 1-
flowered, exceeding L. a. 6,7. Hedges and
Jields, oce. m. and s. Hur.

6. Ieudwigii. ‘‘ Stellato-villous. L.cor-
dato-subrotund, 5-lobed, dilated upwards, den-
tate, smooth above. Stalks crowded, 1-flowered,
very short. Cor. somewhat exceeding calyx.

64 133. ALTH AA.

Carpels without a border. a. Summer. Sandy
fields. Syracuse.” —Guss. from PRESL.

B. Outer Calyx 6-cleft. Carpels deeply
channeled on back.

7. pallida. Hairy. Stem simple, erect.
L. cordate, shghtly lobed. Lobes rounded,
crenate. Fl. crowded, nearly sessile. Outer
calyx about as long as immer. Pet. separate.—
Pout. b.6,7. Open hills. Castro di Mon-
toria near Verona. Soos near Vienna.

8. rosea. Stem nearly simple, erect, hir-
sute. L. cordate, with 5—7 angles, crenate.
Fl. nearly sessile, the upper forming a sort of
spike. Outer Cal. much shorter than inner.
Pet. touching. Claw villous. b. 6, 7. Nice.

134. LAVATERA.

A. Receptacle expanding above Seeds, and
covering them completely.

1. trimestris. Herbaceous. IL. nearly
smooth, cordato-subrotund; uppermost angular.
Stalks solitary. a. 6-8. Felds. Rous. Mars.
Nice. Calab. Sie.

2. hispida. Shrubby. Stem hispid with
fasciculate hairs. L. somewhat hoary, 5-lobed;
uppermost 3-lobed, or undivided. F. solitary,
on short stalks. Outer Cal. tripartite, very
large, very hirsute. p. 5,6. Zhickets. Between
Nemi and Genzano. Cal. Sic.

B. Receptacle not expanding above Seeds.
i. Shrubby.

3. Olbia. Stem rough. Hairs somewhat
fasciculate. L. soft, hoary, 5-lobed; upper
3-lobed ; the middle lobe oblong, nearly undi-
vided. Fl. nearly sessile, solitary. p. 6.
Hedges and thickets. Cannes. Hyéres. Sic.

4. unguiculata. Densely downy. Hairs
stellate. Lower L. obtusely 5-lobed; middle
acutely 5-lobed ; upper hastato-3-lobed. F.-
stalks solitary, short. Lobes of outer Cal.
rounded, with acumen. p. 4, 5. Rocky shores.
Sferracavallo near Palermo. rare.—Guss.

5. maritima. Velvety. Hairs stellate.
L. subrotund, obtusely angular, crenate.
Flower-stalks solitary, somewhat exceeding
L.-stalk, w. 2-4. Rocky coasts. mdt. Fr.
Nice.

6. arborea. Tree-like. L. downy; lower
cordato-orbicular, 5—7-lobed; upper acutangu-
lar. Stalks axillary, 2-4, 1-flowered, shorter
than L.-stalk. Outer Cal. exceeding inner.

sS. 3. Rocky coasts. Cornwall. Belle Isle.

Cors. Sic.

7. agrigentina. Pubescence viscid. L.
undulato-plicate, crenate; lower cordato-orbicu-
lar; upper semiorbicular. Fl.-stalks 2—4, as
long as L.-stalk. Divisions of inner Cal. acute,
longer than outer. 7. yellow! h. 4, 5.
Clayey fields. s. Sic.—Guss.

8. triloba. ‘ L. cordato-orbicular, crenate,
downy ; upper somewhat 3-lobed. Stip. cor-

date. Stalks numerous, 1-flowered. Divisions
of inner Cal. acuminate. h. 6. Coliseum.”
—Mauvrt.

ii. Herbaceous. Hairs mostly stellate.

9. punctata. Stem rough with points
and with stellate hairs. L. somewhat downy ;
lower cordato-orbicular, acutangular ; upper-
most serrate, hastate, or entire. Lobes acute.
Stalks solitary, 1-flowered, twice as long as L.
a. 6,7. Cult. It. Prov.

10. biennis. Downy. Stem erect. Lower
L. cordato-orbicular, obtusely lobed; upper-
most 3-lobed, serrate; middle lobe largest,
lanceolate, acute. Stalks solitary, 1-flowered,
aslongas L. b. 5,6. Cult. un. Sie.

ll. thuringiaca. Downy. Lower L. an-
gular; upper 8-lobed; middle lobe longer,
obtuse. Stalks solitary, 1-flowered, exceeding
L.-stalk, shorter than L. p. 7, 8. Shady
ills. e. G.

12. ambigua. “Stem rough. L. tomen-
tose; lower 5-angular ;. upper with 3 lanceo-
late, acute, dentate lobes; the middle lobe
twice as long as the others. Stalks solitary,
shorter than L. b. Bushy hills. K. of
Nap.” —TEn.

13. sylvestris. Stem rough. Lower L.
cordato-orbicular ; middle with 7 obtuse lobes ;
upper with 5 nearly equal acute lobes. Stalks
crowded, 1-flowered, shorter than L.-stalks.
Outer Cal. shortest; inner with acuminate
divisions. b. 38-5. Grassy shores. s. It. Sic.

14. cretica. Stem hispid. Lower L. cor-
dato-orbicular ; upper truncate at base, acutely
5-angulari-lobate; middle lobe largest. Stalks
crowded (1-6), shorter than L.-stalk. Divi-
sions of inner Cal. nervoso-rugose, acuminate.
b. 8-5. Uncult. coasts. s. It. Sic.

185. HIBISCUS.

1. pentacarpos. Cells l-seeded! L.
cordato-oblong, somewhat obtuse, angular ;

MALVACES. 65

upper somewhat 3-lobed. Stalks 1-flowered,
exceeding L.-stalk. Fl. cernuous. Pistils nod-
ding. p.8. Marshes. Pietra Santa on the
Piave near Friuli.

2. roseus. Seeds many. L. cordate, den-
tate, somewhat 3-lobed. Stalks 1-flowered,
with a joining above the middle, detached
from L.-stalk. p. Banks of Adour.

3. aquaticus. Seeds many. L. ovate,
dentate, somewhat 8-lobed, acuminate, hoary
beneath. Stalks 1-flowered, with a joining
near the base. p. 8. Bientino.

4. Trionum. Seeds many. L. dentate ;

lower nearly undivided; upper tripartite.
Lobes lanceolate ; the middle very long. Cal.
inflated, membranous, nervose. 7. yellow,
with a base of dark purple. a. 8,9. Cult.
Sic. lower Austria. Styria. Beds of torrents.
Abruzzi.

136. SIDA.

1. Abutilon. Carpels 15, truncate, bi-
rostrate, hairy, many-seeded, L. subrotundo-
cordate, acuminate, dentate, tomentose. F'l.-
stalk shorter than L.-stalk. a. 8,9. Marshes.
Le Vigan. vineyards, and uneult. s. side of
Alps. Sic. rare.

XVII. TILIACEA.

Germen 1. Sepals 4 or 5.

137. TILIA.

_ 1. parvifolia. L. smooth above; glaucous,
and with tufts of hairs beneath; hardly longer
than stalk. Umbels compressed, many-flowered.
Fr. subglobose, slightly ribbed, thin and brittle.
T.8. Woody hills.

B. intermedia, Gor. Fr. larger and woody.

2. europeea. L. with a tuft of hairs at
the branching of the veins, otherwise smooth,
twice as long as stalk. Cymes many-flowered.
Fr. nearly spherical, somewhat ribbed, coria-
ceous, downy. 1.7. Not wild ?

8. grandifolia. 1. downy, woolly at the

branching of the veins beneath. Umbels 3- |

flowered. Fr. nearly spherical, somewhat
ribbed. 1.59. 6,7. Woody hills, oce. I have

AAstivation valvular.
Capsule woody, with from 4 to 10 cells.

Petals 4 or 5, a gland at the base of each,
Trees, with alternate, stipulate L.

specimens from Vazelac of a Tilia with
strongly-ribbed pyriform fruit ; and Godron,
in the ‘Flore de Lorraine,’ describes a T.
rubra with acuminate fruit.

Tn the south of Europe we meet with Citrus
in extended cultivation, belonging to the Au-
rantiacee ; the L. of which have a joining at

the base. The species are—
1. medica. With naked L.-stalks and 40
stamens. Fr. oblong. The sweet Lemon.

2. Inimonium. L.-stalk winged. Stamens
35. Fr. oblong. The common Lemon.

3. Aurantium. L.-stalks nearly naked.
Stamens 20. Fr. globose. Orange.

L.-stalks winged. Stamens
Seville Orange.

4. vulgaris.
20. Fr. globose.

XVIII. HYPERICINE.

Germen I. Sepals 4, 5, imbricate.

Petals convolute.

Stamens in sets. Styles 3-5. Fruit

of many valves, and generally many cells.

138. HYPERICUM.

A. Fruit pulpy! Sp. 1.

B. Sepals very unequal. Sp. 2, 3.

C. Sepals nearly equal. No hypogynous

scales.
i. Sepals not fringed. Sp. 4-11.
ii. Sepals fringed with glands. ©

a. Glands nearly sessile. Sp. 12-18.
b. Glands on stalks, not equal to width of

sepals. Sp. 19-22.
ec. Glands on stalks, longer than width of
sepals. Sp. 28.

D. Sepals nearly equal. 38 hypogynous scales
alternating with sets of stamens. Sp.
24, 25.

66 138. HYPERICUM.

A. Capsule pulpy!
1. Androsemum. Styles 3. Divisions
‘of Cal. unequal, quite entire. Stem shrubby,
compressed. L. ovate. w.7. Thickets.

B. Divisions of Calyx very unequal.

2. calycinum. Styles 5. Fl. solitary. Di-
visions of Cal. obovate, permanently spread-
ing. L. oblong, sessile. Stem branched,
shrubby, 4-edged. w. 7-9. near Cork. Woods
above Largs ?

3. hircinum. Styles 3-4. Fl. in cymes.
Stalks with 2 bracts. Divisions of Cal. lan-
ceolate, acute. L. ovato-lanceolate, somewhat
amplexicaul. Stem branched, winged. w. 5.
Moist shade. Cors. Naples.

C. Sepals nearly equal. No hypogynous
Scales.

i. Sepals without fringe or glands.

4. quadrangulum. Stem 4-edged, some-
what winged, erect. L. ovate, with pellucid
dots, and black glands on the margin. Sepals
lanceolate, acuminate, quite entire. p. 7. Worst.

5. maculatum. Sepals ovato-lanceolate,
denticulate, obtuse, mucronate, reflexed. Pan.
ovate. Stem 4-edged, erect. LL. elliptic-ovate,
with afew pellucid dots. p. 7,8. Moist banks.

6. dubium. Stem obscurely and unequally
4-edged, erect. L. elliptic, obtuse, generally
without pellucid dots, but witR black dots on
margin. Sepals elliptic, obtuse, often toothed
at end. p. 7,8. Thickets, oce.

7. perforatum. Stem 2-edged, erect.
Pan. fastigiate. LL. elliptic-oblong, obtuse, with
numerous pellucid dots. Sepals lanceolate,
finely acute, twice as long as germen. p.
6-8. Shade.

8. veronense. Sepals lanceolate, some-
what acute, as long as ovary. Pan. ovate.
Stem 2-edged, erect, branched. IL. lineari-
oblong, with numerous pellucid dots. p. 7, 8.
Open dry. str. s. Tyr. Pays de Vaud.

9. crispum. Stem erect, round, with
numerous long, very spreading branches. L.
lanceolate, undulato-sinuate at base, with pel-
lucid dots. Sepals obtuse, denticulate, equalling
germen. p. 7-9. Dry fields. s. It.

10. humifusum. Stem round, or some-
what 2-edged below the L.; procumbent. L.
oblong, with pellucid and black dots. Sepals
unequal, 2 lanceolate, 3 oblong, obtuse, much
exceeding germen, sometimes glandular. Sta-
mens about 15. p.7. Gravel and sand.

11. repens. Stem terete, decumbent. Co-
rymb few-flowered. Sepals ovato-lanceolate,
acute, with black dots. L. ovato-linear, obtuse,
approximate, hardly dotted. p. 5. Dry.
Cannes. Mte. Circello.

ii. Sepals fringed.
a. Glands nearly sessile.

12. linariifolium. Sepals somewhat un-
equal, lanceolate, acute. Stems ascending,
terete. L. linear, obtuse. Margin revolute. —
Stamens about 80. p. 6,7. Barren. w. F.
Jersey. s. w. Eng. rare.

13. hirsutum. Sepals lanceolate. Glands
on very short stalks. Stem herbaceous, terete,
erect, hairy. L. oval, on short stalks, pellucido-
punctate, pubescent. Pan. racemose. Pet.
tipped with stalked glands. (Seeds velvety,
Kocu,—papillose, LercHTon.) Styles diverg-
ing. p. 6,7. Woody hills.

14. montanum. Sepals lanceolate. Glands
on very short stalks. Stem herbaceous, erect,
round, smooth. L. sessile, ovato-oblong, obtuse,
with pellucid dots, and black marginal dots.
Pet. without dots or glands. Seeds finely
dotted. p. 7%. Dry thickets, occ.

15. pulchrum. Sepals obtuse, broadly
ovate, ciliate with sessile glands. Pet. fringed
with glands. FI. in lax, axillary and terminal
panicles. L. amplexicaul, cordate, with pellucid
dots. Margin somewhat revolute. Stem erect,
terete. p. 7. Dry woods and heaths.

16. nummularium. Sepals ovate, obtuse.
Stems numerous, procumbent, terete. L. cor-
dato-orbicular, on short stalks. w.8. Rocky
hills. Pyr. Dau.

17. hyssopifolium. Sepals somewhat
obtuse. ‘Stem woody, round, ascending. L.
oblongo-lanceolate, pellucido-punctate, oppo-
site, and in axillary bundles. Styles 3 or 4.
w.7. Mountains. Dau. Prov.

18. Goris. Sepals somewhat obtuse. Stem
woody, ascending, round. L.in whorls! linear.
Margin revolute. w. 6,7. Cale.mus. Prov.
Nice. Carrara.

b. Glands on stalks longer than themselves,
but not equalling width of Sepals.

19. ciliatum. Sepals somewhat acute.
Stem herbaceous, somewhat 2-edged. L. on
short stalks, somewhat cordate or ovato-oblong,
obtuse, with pellucid dots, and black dots on
the margin. Seeds with wavy stripes. op. 5.
Dry woods. Naples.

HYPERICINE. 67

20. elegams. Sepals lanceolate. Stem 2- ce. Glands on stalks which are longer than
edged, nearly simple. lL. cordato-lanceolate, breadth of Sepals.
quite entire. Disc pellucido-punctate. Mar- 23. barbatum. Sepals ovate, acute. Stem
gin with black dots. Seeds finely dotted. s. | erect. LL. quite sessile, oblongo-lanceolate,
6-8. Cale. vineyards. G. rare. with scattered black dots and pellucid dots.

Margin somewhat revolute. Pet. minutely

21. perfoliatum. Sepals lanceolate. Stem fringed. Seeds with wavy stripes. p. 6, 7.

woody, terete, ascending. L. oblong, some- Myo, Aeaahicn

what obtuse, pellucido-punctate; upper toothed. ee ae

Seeds with wavy stripes. w. 5,6. Coasts. D. 3 hypogynous Scales alternating with
Hyéres. Civ. Vecchia. Abr. Lower L. some- the sets of Stamens.

times without dots. 24. Elodes. Sepals smooth, with fringe

of glandular hairs. Stem rooting at base. L.
sessile, hirsute, subrotundo-ovate. Pan. lax,
few-flowered. p. 7, 8. Bogs. Not in Sw. or It.

22. Richeri. Sepals ovate, acute. Fringe
of Bracts nearly as broad as membrane. Stem
herbaceous, terete, simple, erect. L. quite
sessile, ovate, with crowded black dots on 25, tomentosum. Sepals hairy all over,
margin, but no pellucid dots. Seeds withwavy | but without a distinct fringe. Stem round,
stripes. Styles 3-5. p. 7, 8. Cale. mas. creeping. IL. ovate, with black dots on mar-
Jura. Alps. Apen. gin. Pan. lax. p. 6,7. Moist, mat. F.

XIX. ACHERINEAS.

Calyx imbricate. Petals and Stamens inserted round an hypogynous disc. Germen double.
Style 1. Fruit winged, separating into indehiscent 1—2-seeded nuts. Trees, with opposite L.

139. ACER. nodding, bearing many capsules. Wines of

08 Fr. diverging. L. 5-nerved, palmate, 3-lobed.

A. Raceme somewhat cylindrical, compound | Tobes obtuse, repando-dentate. s.T. 3, 4.
at the base. Woody hills. Dau. Vall. It.

ep eataricur, Fac, erect. Wings of Er. 7. obtusatum. Corymb pendulous, branched,

parallel. L. cordate, subincise, unequally den- ee ei Oh Siena ast :
. 5 y-flowered. Fr. and stalks hairy. Wings
HAND. Gatbo ey Oe) delat AN Aa el nearly parallel. L. palmate, ee with 5
2. Pseudoplatanus. Rac. pendulous. | somewhat obtuse repando-dentate iobes, velvety
Wings of Fr. diverging. IL. palmato-5-lobed. | beneath. 1.9.3. Woods. Nap. Albano.
eee unequally dentate. 1.7.5. anne, Treacle edie opin o
i sessile, few-flowered corymb. Wings of Fr.
B. Corymb broad and short, the separate | nearly parallel. L. palmate, 5-nerved, 38-5-
Flower-stalks very long ; lower branched. lobed. The Lobes and their teeth obtuse.
3. campestre. Corymb erect. Wings of | se. It. Koch and Bert. unite this and the

Fr. nearly in one line. L. palmato-5-lobed, two preceding.

repando-dentate. s.2. 5, 6. Hedges and 9, monspessulanum. Corymb_few-
thickets. ee = ie pele one aus a os ea often

4, Haobelii. Corymb erect. Wings of Fr. | overlapping. L. 3-lobed. Lobes equal, diverg-
divaricate, almost horizontal. L. 7 ‘nerved, 32.) ime, nearly entire. s.2. 4. Stony hills. a
or 5-lobed. Lobes acuminato-cuspidate. Mar- | F.n. It.
gn ay ee pees entire. 10.4. Woods. B. commutatum, Ten. Corymbs pendulous.

te. St. Angelo. Cassano in Calabria.

b. Remo Gen, ue [geuEA eS Canale In public walks we sometimes meet with
Lobes 5 Se Me ee cto the Negundo, differmg from Acer in having
acuminate. Corymb erect. Wings of : tr di- | no petals. The species is fraxinifolium. L.
varicate. s.f.4. Woody hulls. s. PB. Sw. pinnate. Lts. 3-5, the odd one often 3-lobed.
s. Gn. It. ; Also the Hsculus, belonging to the Hippo-

6. opulifolium. Corymb nearly sessile, | castanee. The usual species is Hippocastanum,
K

ras)

68 139. ACER.

which has regularly 5 petals and 7 anthers ; and
a prickly capsule, including 2 or 3 polished
chestnuts. The Hsculus Pavia, or Pavia rubra,
with 4 petals and a smooth capsule, is also
employed, but more rarely.

In this place we may also notice the Melia

zederach, which is a favourite ornamental
tree in Italy. The calyx is small, quinquefid.
Petals 5. Stamens 10, united into a tube,
ending in 20 teeth. The fruit is a drupe or
plum, containing a 5-celled and 5-furrowed
nut. The L. are bipimnate. ts. usually 5.

XX. AMPELIDEA.
Calyx entire, or with 5 small teeth. Petals 4 or 5, valvular, inserted, as well as Stamens, on

a glandular disc.
140. VITIS.

1. vinifera. L. lobed, sinuato-dentate. S.
5. Moist. s. Kur. The naturahzed plant is
said to be diecious.

Germen with 4 Ovules, becoming a Berry.

Climbing shrubs.
141. AMPELOPSIS.

1. hederacea. L. ternate or quinate. Lts.
stalked, acuminate, mucronato-serrate. §. 7, 8.
Bushy. Natuvalized in s. Tyr.

XXI. GERANIACE®.

Sepals 5, imbricate; in our species all similar.

Petals 5. Stamens 5 or 10, monadelphous.

Carpels 5, ultimately 1-seeded, each ending in a long beak, attached at the top to a prolonged
axis, and, when the seeds are ripe, curling up with a spring.

142. ERODIUM.

A. All L. pinnate. Lower Lts. not opposite,
and not larger than the others.

1. staphylinum. Hairy and glandular.
Lts. bipinnatifid; the segments obtuse. Pet.
about as long as long as calyx. Cotyledons
pinnatifid. a. 4-6. elds and sea-shore.—
Bert.

2. cicutarium. Stem branched, diffuse.
Lts. pinnatifid, incise. Base of Filaments ex-
panded, without hairs or teeth. Beak of Fr.
hairy. (Cotyledons 3-lobed, Burr.) a. 5-9.
Cult.

3. romanum. Stem 0! Lts. ovate or ovato-
oblong, pinnatifid. Rachis without teeth. Stalks
many-flowered. Bracts numerous, membranous,
jagged, often united at base. Filaments lan-
ceolate, without hairs or teeth. a. 3-6.
Coasts. Mdt.

4. Manescavi. “Stem 0. Its. oblong or
ovato-oblong, pinnatifid. Rachis without teeth.
Stalks many-flowered. Bracts few, broad, her-
baceous, united. Filaments without teeth. a. ?
Val d’Ossai and Val d’Aspi in Pyr.”—Cosson,
who relres, moreover, on a long mucro to the
sepals ; but this exists also iw BK. romanum.

5. moschatum. Stem branched, procum-

bent. Lts. oblongo-ovate, incise. Filaments of
perfect Stamens smooth, expanded at base,
toothed. Musky. a.6, 7. Waste.

B. L. pinnato-ternate ; the lower pair being
opposite, somewhat larger, and quite se-
parate ; each succeeding pair rising from
the preceding on a wedge-shaped base ;
all much divided.

6. petreeum. No stem. Rhizoma woody.
Rachis of L. dentate. Pet. retuse. p. e. Pyr.
Languedoc.

7. glandulosum. No stem. Rhizoma
woody. L. with glandular hairs. Rachis
toothed. Pet. acute. p. High rocks. Pyr.
Var. of petreeum ?

E. asplenioides is said to have been found
at, Port Juvenal, but I apprehend has not been
naturalized.

8. alpinum. Perennial, with an umbelled
scape or branched. stem. L. bipinnatifid. Seg-
ments and rachis sharply laciniate. Sepals
narrow, oblong, mucronate. Pet. broadly ovate,
two or three times as long as calyx. p. High.
Abruzzi. Umbria.

9. ciconium. Annual, somewhat villous.
Stems ascending. Lts. sessile. Segments in-
cise, acute. Rachis toothed. Two of the Pet.

GHRANTIACE A. 69

somewhat emarginate, not longer than calyx.
(Base of Filaments lanceolate, ciliate, KocH.)
a. 3,4. Sandy. it. Sw. It. Sic.

10. gruinum. Erect. Root L. cordate,
undivided. Stem L. opposite, acuminate, ter-
nate, inciso-dentate; the middle divisions
lengthened. Divisions of upper L. pinnatifid.
Stalks 1-3-flowered. Sepals 3-nerved. a. 5.
Open, grassy. Sic.

11. Botrys. Strigoso-hispid. Lower L. ob-
long, lobed, or pinnatifid, somewhat cordate at
base ; upper pinnatipartite, laciniate, with acute

segments. Stalks 2-3-flowered. Cal. downy,
with a short point. a.6. Sandy. Albano.
Nap. Sic.

12. laciniatum. Root L. cordato-ovate,
3-lobed, toothed. Stem L. palmate; divisions
deeply laciniato-pinnatifid. Segments linear,
acute. Stip. broadly ovate, obtuse. Umbels on
long stalks, 4—10-flowered. a.4,5. Shores. It.

C. L. lobed, or entire, not laciniately

dwided.

13. chium. Stems diffuse. L. cordate;
lower with broad overlapping lobes; upper
tripartite, inciso-dentate; the middle seg-
ment generally trifid. Stip. acute. . Stalks
many-flowered. Hairs of Cal, incurved, not
glandular. a. 4. Sandy coasts. Lecce. Reg-
gio. Sic.

14. malacoides. Glanduloso-pubescent.
Stem erect, L. cordate, undivided, or some-
what 8-lobed. Lobes not overlapping. Stip.
acute. Stalks many-flowered. Pet. equalling
calyx. (All Stamens lanceolate, hairless, KocH.)
Awns of Sepals very short. a. 2-4. Grassy
borders. s. Kur.

15, alnifolium. “Stems diffuse. Hairs
spreadmg. IL. cordato-subrotund, undivided, or
obscurely 3-lobed, nearly smooth, dentato-
crenate ; uppermost oblong, acutely serrate.
Stalks many-flowered. (All, except the upper-
most, conspicuously shorter than L. Hairs of
Sepals incurved, mostly without glands. Stip.
acute, Bert.) a.4,5. Grassy hills. Sic. Differs
from malacoides 2m habit and colour.”’—Guss.

16. Gussonii. Densely villous. L. cordate,
obtuse, undivided or lobed, bluntly dentate.
Stip. and Bract ovate, scariose, obtuse. Stalks
long, many-flowered. Pet. obovate, twice as
long as awned sepals. p. Low hills. K. Nap.
rare.

17. nervulosum. “ Stem short, diffuse.
Hairs bent down. L. cordate, incise, dentate,

somewhat hoary. Stip. and Bracts oyate,
scariose. Stalks many-flowered. Pet. as long
as calyx. a. 4. Open hills, Taormina. rare.”
—Guss. from PRESL.

18. littoreum. Stems prostrate, nearly
hairless. L. cordato-orbicular, 3-lobed, un-
equally crenate. Stalks long, many-flowered.
Awns bearded. p. Sandy shores. Narbonne.
Cors. Not noticed by Bert. Seems hardly to
differ from i. maritimum, except in number

of flowers.

19. albiflorum. Decumbent. Hairs spread-
ing; the upper bearing glands, L. ovato-ob-
long, with coarse, acute, unequal serratures.
F.-stalks about as long as L. a. 6. Pastures.
Sard.

20. malopoides. Downy. Stem erect, or
nearly wanting. Lower L, cordate or cordato-
oblong, somewhat lobed; upper crenate, un-
divided. Stalks 2—4-flowered. Pet. two or
three times as long as calyx. Awns bearded.
p. 5. Rocky shores. Sard. Cors.

21. maritimum. Stems prostrate, diffuse.
L. cordate, inciso-crenate, hispid. Stalks 1-3-
flowered. Pet. shorter than calyx. Awns not
bearded. p. 5-9. Shores. Fr. Eng.

143. GERANIUM.

A. Perennial.
i. Capsule wrinkled. Sp. 1-4.
ii. Capsule not wrinkled.
a. Stalks 1-flowered. Sp. 5, 6.
b. Stalks 2-flowered.

* Root with globose tubers. Sp. 7.
** Rhizoma premorse. Sp. 8-13.
*** Root descending. Sp. 14-16.

B. Annual. Stalks 2-flowered.
i. Capsule not wrinkled. Sp. 17-21.
ii. Capsule wrinkled. Sp. 22-26.

A. Perennial.
i. Capsule wrinkled.

1. macrorhizum. Rhizoma premorse.
Stems erect, dichotomous. L. palmate, 7-fid,
inciso-dentate. Fr.-stalks erect. Pet. spatulate.
Claw as long as calyx. Caps. hairless. p. 4-6.
Stony mns. dria, Plekner Alps in Carinthia.
italian Alps. s. Tyr. Abruzzi.

2. reflexum. Rhizoma premorse. Stems
erect, terete. L. palmate, 5—7-lobed, inciso-
dentate. Pet. veflexed, dentato-lacerate at top.

70 143. GERANIUM.

Stamens hairless? Caps. hairy? p. 6. Grass.
Rome. Apen. Abruzzi.

3. pheeum. Rhizoma premorse. Stems
erect, terete. L. palmato-7-lobed, inciso-den-
tate. Pet. subrotund, spreading, flat. Claw
short, bearded at base. Stamens hispido-ciliate.
Caps. hairy. p. 5,6. Woods and mountain
meadows. oce.

4. asphodeloides. Root fusiform. Stems
diffuse, retrorso-hispid. L. 5-lobed, trifid, some-
what incise. Pet. emarginate. Filaments subu-
late, hairless. Caps.somewhat wrinkled, downy.
p.5. Grassy woods. Sic.

ii. Capsule even,
a. Stalks \-flowered.

5. sibiricum. Root fusiform. Stems dif-
fuse. L. palmato-5-partite. Segments rhom-
beo-oblong, inciso-serrate. Pet. slightly emar-
ginate, equalling awned calyx. Caps. downy.
Seeds somewhat dotted. p. 7, 8. Stony.
Bruchsai in Baden.

6. sanguineum. Rhizomapremorse. Out-
line of L. reniform, 7-partite. Segments di-
vided. Pet. emarginate, twice as long as awned
sepals. Caps. with a few bristles at top. Seeds
finely dotted: p. 6-9. Dry.

B. Stalks 2-flowered. Sw. Albalonga.

b. Stalks 2-flowered.
* Root descending with globular tubers. °

7. tuberosum. L.palmato-5-partite. Seg-
ments linear, pmnately inciso-serrate. Caps.
hirsute. p. 2,3. Cult. Mars. Agde. Rome.
Abruzzi. Sic.

** Rhizoma premorse.

8. nodosum. Stems 4-edged. Root L.
5-lobed ; upper 3-lobed. Segments ovate, acu-
minate, serrate. Fr.-stalks erect. Sepals with
long awns, half as long as obcordate petals.
Beak -downy. p. 6, 7. Rough woods and
thickets. Fr. Aus. Carinthia. Carn.

9. striatum. Lower L.5-, upper 3-lobed.
Segments ovate, acute, inciso-dentate. Stip.
free. Sepals 3-nerved, with a short awn. Pet.
somewhat 2-lobed. Beak downy. p. 5, 6.
Shade. K. Nap. Sic.

10. palustre. Stemdiffuse. L. palmato-
5—7-lobed, inciso-dentate. Common F.-stalk
very long, hairy ; partial bent down after flower-
ing. Pet. entire, twice as long as awned sepals.
Filaments subulate, hairless. Beak of Caps.
with short spreading hairs not glandular. p.
5-8. Morst meadows. Dau. G.

1l. aconitifolium. Stem ascending. L.
palmato-7-partite, laciniate. Cal. and stalks
villous. Pet. entire. Filaments subulate, nearly
hairless. Caps. with adpressed hairs not glan-
dular. Seeds finely dotted. p. 6-8. Sides of
mountain streams. Dau. Alps of Vallais. rare.

12. sylvaticum. Stem terete, erect. L.
palmato-7-lobed, inciso-serrate. Fl. somewhat
corymbose, erect after flowermg. Pet. obovate,
twice as long as awned sepals. Filaments
subulate, ciliate in the middle. Caps. and Beak
covered with spreading glandular hairs. Seeds
finely dotted. p. 6,7. Mountain woods.

13. pratense. Stem terete, erect. L. pal-
mato-7-lobed, inciso-serrate. Fl. somewhat
corymbose. Pet. entire, twice as long as awned
sepals. Filaments with ovato-triangular base.
Caps. and Beak covered with spreading glan-
dular hairs. Seeds finely dotted. p. 7, 8.
Moist meadows.

*** Root descending, without tubers.

14. argenteum. Root thick, woody, fusi-
form. Stem very short. L. silky, 5—7-partite.
Divisions tripartite. Segments linear. Pet.
somewhat emarginate, exceeding mucronate
sepals. Caps. silky. p.7, 8. Hugh. Alps. rare.

15. varium. Root thick, somewhat woody.
Stem hardly any. L. cano-pubescent, 5-partite.
Segments cuneiform, trifid. Pet, emarginate.
p. 6,7. High. Pyr. Abr.

16. pyrenaicum. Root fusiform. Stem
diffuse, prolonged. L.reniform, 7-lobed. Lobes
of lower L. incise in front, obtusely crenate.
Floral L. tripartite. Pet. cloven, twice as long
as mucronate sepals. Caps. keeled, adpress-
edly pubescent. Seeds even. p. 6,7. Hell
pastures.

B. Annual. Stalks 2-flowered.
i. Capsule not wrinkled.

17. pusillum. Stems diffuse. L. subor-
bicular, many-lobed, trifid. Sepals with short
awn. Pet. d/ue; only 5 perfect anthers. Caps.
keeled. Hairs adpressed. Seeds without dots.
a.6—9. Unceult. Very much resembles G. molle.

18. bohemicum. L. palmate, 5-fid. Seg-
ments acute, iciso-dentate. Stem with spread-
ing hairs. Stalks erect after flowering. Pet.
emarginate. Cal. with a long awn. Hairs of
Caps. spreading. Seeds even. a. 6-8. Mn.
Jjir-woods. Boh. Bay. Vallais. Very rare.

19. retundifolium. Root L. reniform, 7-
lobed. Stem L. subrotund, truncate at base, 5-
lobed. Lobes trifid. Pet. entire, somewhat exceed-

GHRANIACEA. 71

ing mucronate sepals. Caps. hirsute. Seeds re-
ticulate. a. 6,7. Uncult.

20. dissectum. L. 5-partite. Divisions
trifid, linear. Pet. obcordate, as long as awned
sepals. Caps. hairy. Seeds reticulate. a. 5, 6.
Uncult.

21. columbinum. L. 5-partite. Divisions
of lower multifid ; of upper trifid. Segments
linear. Pet. obcordate, equalling long, awned
sepals. Stalks much exceeding L. Caps. quite
smooth. Seeds reticulate. a. 6, 7. Ields
and banks.

ii. Capsule wrinkled.

22. villosum. “TL. cordato-orbicular, 5—
7-lobed. Lobes trifid, obtuse. Stem erect, softly
villous. Pet.emarginate, twice as long as sepals.
Caps. hairless, their awns covered with simple
hairs. Seeds reticulate. p. Grassy. Cal.”
—TEN.

23. molle.. L. reniform, 7—9-lobed, incise ;
upper orbicwar. Carpels without hairs. Seeds
without dots. a.4-8. Uneult.

24. lucidum. Quite smooth. L. orbicular,
5-lobed. Cal. pyramidal, transversely rugose.
Caps. rugose, triply keeled, downy at top.
Seeds even. a. 5-8. Shady rocks and walls.

25. divaricatum. L.palmato-5-fid ; upper
L. trifid. Segments rhomboid, inciso-dentate ;
one lateral lobe usually very large. Pet.
emarginate. Sepals with a short awn. Caps.
hairy. Seeds quite smooth. a.6-8. Vineyards,
&§c.V. of St. Nicholas. Mte. Baldo. Sil. very rare.

26. robertianum. LL. 3—-5-nate. Lts.
stalked, trifid, incise. Cal. with 10 angles.
Caps. hairless, wrinkled. a.5-10. Rocks, sand,
uncult.

B. purpureun.

Flowers small, like those
of Sp. 24.

XXII. BALSAMINEA.

Sepals 3 or 5; one of them spurred. Petals 5; the lateral united in pairs.
Capsule of 5 valves and 5 cells.

144. IMPATIENS.

1. fulva. Stalks 2—4-flowered. L. rhom-
boideo-ovate, obtuse, with coarse glandular
serratures. Spur reflexed, emarginate, its Pet.
exceeding others. a. 7, 8. Guildford.

Stamens 5.
Valves sprmging on the touch.

2. Noli me tangere. Stalks3—6-flowered.
Fl. pendulous. Spur loosely recurved. L.

ovate. Serratures not glandular. Joinings of
‘Stem tumid. a. 7, 8. Moist woods. Not
in Sie.

XXIII. OXALIDEA.

- Sepals 5, equal, permanent, imbricate.

Stamens 10, monadelphous; the inner longest.

145. OXALIS.

1. stricta. Stem erect, leafy. Umbel
stalked, 2—6-flowered, about as long as L.
Pet. entire. lLts. obeordate, Stip. none. a.
Uncult. m. end s. Kur.

2. corniculata. Stem creeping. Stalks

Petals 5, convolute,. sometimes united at base.

Styles 5. Capsule of 5 or 10 valves.

about 2-flowered, shorter than L. Pet. emar-
ginate. Stip. united to base of L.-stalk. a.
(p. DC.) 5-10. Uneult. m. and s. Eur.

3. Acetosella. Stemless. Rhizoma creep-
ing, toothed. lL. obcordate, hairy. Scape 1-
flowered, exceeding L., with two Bracts above
the middle. p. 4,5. Moist shade.

XXIV. ZYGOPHYLLE.

Sepals 5, imbricate. Petals 5, regular. Stamens 10, separate. Ovary of 5 cells, splitting in

the fruit into as many carpels.
146. TRIBULUS.

1. terrestris. Caps. 4-horned. Lis. 6

Styles united. Ovulum horizontal or pendulous.

pair, nearly equal. Stalk exceeding flower-

' stalk. a. 7-10. Way sedes. s. Kur. Bordeaux.

72 147. FAGONTA.

147. FAGONTA.

1. cretica. Lis. 3, lanceolate. Stip. spi-
nescent. Angles and stalks of Fr. villous. a.
4,5. Wood of Cappideri in Sic.

148. ZYGOPHYLLUM.

l. Fabago. Lts.
Flowering-stalks erect.
Fields.

2, obliquely ovate.
Pet. entire. p. 5,6.
Calarita in Sard. ? Wot native ?

XXV. RUTACEA.

Calyx imbricate.

Corolla regular or nearly so, of 3-5 petals.

Ovary with as many lobes

and cells as there are divisions in the calyx. Stamens twice as many as petals. Style 1. L.with

pellucid dots.
149. RUTA.

A. Lobes of Capsule obtuse.

1. montana. L.supradecompound. Out-
line oblongo-obovate. Divisions all linear. Pet.
entire, gradually attenuate. w.6. Dry calc.
hills. . Fr. (Cusano Provinciee Dertonensis,
BrERt.)

2. graveolens. L.supradecompound. Out-
line somewhat triangular. Lts. ovali-oblong, the
terminal obovate. Pet. entire or denticulate,
abruptly contracted into a claw. op. 6, 7.
Barren. s. Hur.

3. divaricata. L. supradecompound. Out-
line somewhat triangular. Lts. oblongo-linear,
terminal. Its. of lower L. elongato-obovate.
Pet. entire or denticulate, abruptly contracted
intoa claw. w. 6,7. Clefts of calcareous
rocks. K. Nap. Trieste. |

4. corsica. L. decompound. Divisions of L.
ovate, somewhat crenate. Pan. dichotomous.
Stalks long, 1-flowered, spinescent! Stem
much branched. Pet. nearly entire, contracted
intoaclaw. p. Mountains. Cors.

5. Patavina. Middle L. sessile, ternate. Lis.

linear or lanceolate ; the lower L. quite simple.
Cal. and Stalk villous. w.6. At Arqua in
the Euganean hills. between Pavenzo and
Fontane, Istr.

B. Lobes of Capsule acuminate.

6. bracteosa. IL. supradecompound.
Length hardly three times the width. Lts. ob-
long, attenuate. Bracts cordate, acuminate. Pet.
fringed. h. 6,7. Dry rocky. s. Fr. Istr. It.

7. angustifolia. L. supradecompound.
Length full four times the width. Lts. lineari-
oblong. Bracts linear, auricled, very small. Pet.

fringed. h. 5,6. Dry rocky. Dax. Nice.

150. PEGANUM.

1. Hlarmala. L. sessile, multifid. Divisions
linear. Fl. stalked, solitary, opposite L. w. 6.
At Tavoliere in Apulia. abundant.

151. DICTAMNUS.

1. albus. Stem simple. L. pinnate, with
terminal Lt. Serratures spreading. p. 5, 6.
Woody hills. Narbonne. s. Alps. Abr. Sic. ? Rh.

B. obtusifiorus. L. with rounded crenatures.
Finme. s. Tyr.

XXVI. CORIARLA.

Calyx campanulate, 10-cleft; the outer Segments larger, the inner callous.

Stamens 10. Ovary of 5 angles and 5 cells.
opposite branches.

152. CORIARIA.

1. myrtifolia. 1. ovato-lanceolate, acute,

Petals 0.

Carpels 5, not opening, 1-seeded. Shrubs with

3-nerved, somewhat stalked, smooth. Rac.
nearly erect. S. Dry hills. dt, Fr. Nice.

73

CALYCIFLORA.

This Class includes not only those plants where the Stamens grow from an herbaceous ring,
which might be considered as belonging to the Calyx—the Perigyna of Jussicu,—but also most
of the Zpigyna of that author; the theory supposing that a Calyx exists, but attached to the
Germen. In the first 24 orders here admitted (with the exception of the Cucurbitacee) the
Petals are separate ; the last 11 are monopetalous. The Loranthacee are uncertain. Various altera-
tions and, perhaps, some improvements, have been made by late writers in the limits and distribu-
tion of this Class, but i have thought better to adhere to an arrangement which has been applied to a
general work on Botany, than to choose whose I would follow among the authors of limited Floras.

: XXVII. CHLASTRINEA.

Sepals 4-5, imbricate. Disc fleshy and more or less connected with the Germen. Petals 4-5,
alike. Capsule 2-4-celled. Placenta central.

153. STAPHYLEA. Pet. subrotund, purplish, usually 4. Branches
. . : terete, verrucose. IL. elliptic, serrulate. S.
1. pinnata. L. pinnate, the stalk without foe a frsan Varun ap ee
glands. Lts. 5-7, oblongo-lanceolate, serrate. 2 Piaae oe TCU SIE Se Ce
Fl. in racemes. Fr. inflated. LS. 4, 5. eH

Moist woods. s. Kur. Alsace. 3. latifolius. Caps. usually 5-lobed.
Angles. somewhat winged. Pet. subrotund,
154. EVONYMUS. usually 5. Branches somewhat compressed,

smooth. L. elliptic, serrulate. S. 5, 6. Mouwn-

1. europzeus. Caps. usually 4-lobed. Sos ,
Angles obtuse. Aril covering the whole tain thickets. Dau. G. un. It. Abruzzi. n. Alps.

seed. Pet. oblong. Branches smooth, 4-edged.
L. ovato-lanceolate, finely serrate. S&S. 5.

JBL YES (a WLELAAES 1, Aquifolium. L. ovate, acute, shining,
2. verrucosus. Caps. usually 4-lobed. | undulate. Teeth spinous. Stalks short, axil-
Angles obtuse, Aril covering half the seed. | lary, many-flowered. s.T.5. Shade.

155. ILEX,

XXVIII. RHAMNEA,

Calyx 4—5-cleft. Divisions valvate, deciduous. Tube persistent and more or less adhering to the
Germen. Petals often scale-like. Stamens 4-5, opposite petals. Seeds solitary, erect.

156. ZIZYPHUS. 3-nerved. Wing of Fr. striate, crenulate. S.

1. vulgaris. L. ovato-oblong, retuse, den- By G5 Bur, Much wsedan hedge

ticulate, hairless. Prickles 0, or in pairs,
one straight, the other recurved. Drupe ovato-
oblong. &.5. Nat. on coasts of Mdt.

158. RHAMNUS.

&. Branches spinescent. Stamens 4. Flowers

2. hotus. IL. broadly oval, obscurely 4-cleft. Style 2-3-cleft.
crenate, hairless. Prickles in pairs, straight l. cathartica. Erect. Branches opposite.
and recurved. Drupesubrotundo-ovate. S.6,7. | T,, broad ovate, acuminate, serrate, deciduous.
Nat. near Palermo. Stalks two or three times as long as stipules.
Fr, 4-seeded. Furrow of Seeds closed. 18.5.
157. PALIURUS. Hedges and thickets.
1. aculeatus. Branches downy. Prickles B. hydriensis. Larger L. attenuate at base.

in pairs, straight and recurved. L. ovate, acute, At Idria.

74 158. RHAMNUS.

2. infectoria. Diffuse. Branches opposite.
L. elliptic, crenate, deciduous. Stalks about
equalling stipules. All the Fl. with petals.
Furrow of Seeds closed. S. 6, 7. Stony.
s. Fr. Austr. Siles. Salzb. K. Nap.

3. tinctoria. Much branched. Branches
divaricate. lL. elliptic, serrulate, deciduous.
Stalks about equalling stipules. Drupe mu-
cronate, placed on the hemispherical base of
calyx. Sutureof Seeds gaping. S.5. lower
Austria on the borders of Hungary.

4, saxatilis. Decumbent. Branches op-
posite. L.obovato-lanceolate, serrate, deciduous.
Stalks about equalling stipules. Fertile FI.
without petals. Drupe on the nearly flat base
of calyx. Suture of Seeds gaping. S. 5, 6.
Stony. Dau. e. Alps. Monte Gargano.

5. oleoides. Erect, much branched. L.
evergreen, oblongo-obovate, quite entire. s.S.
4, 5. Cale. hills. Coast of Sic. between
Trapani and Alicata. Sard.

6. pubescens. “ Diffuse. L. ovate, quite
entire, downy. s.S. Between Cannes and
Carcassonne. Perhaps a variety of Sp. 5.’—
Dusy.

7. persicifolia. ‘A tree. L. lanceolate,
on long stalks, minutely crenate, downy beneath.
Cal. entirely free ; divisions 4, lanceolate,
acuminate, at last reflexed. Berry pulpy, with
4 furrows. s.. 3,4. Wood delle Barbagie,
Sard.”— Brrr.

B. Deciduous shrubs. Branches not thorny,
alternate. Divisions of Flower 4. Stigma
trifid.

8. pumila. Much branched, decumbent.
L. elliptic or subrotund, crenate, with about 6
arched nerves on each side, serrate. FI. all per-
fect? s.S. 6, 7. Cale. mountains. Pyr. Alps.

B. rupestris, DC. L. quite entire.

y. pusillus, TEN. L. obovate, mucronate.

K. Nap.

9. alpina. Suberect, tortuose. LL. ovato-
elliptic, acuminate, serrulate, with about 12
straight nerves on each side. Fl. dicecious.
s.S. 5, 6. Mountams. Alps. Pyr. Jura. Abr.

CG. Evergreen. Branches not thorny, alter-
nate. Dwisions of Flower 4 or5. Style
hi- trifid.

10. Alaternus. L. serrate, quite smooth.
Fl. diecious, in shortracemes. S. 2,3. Walls
and dry woods. s. Kur.

D. Deciduous shrubs. Branches alternate,
not thorny. Divisions of Flower 5. Style
undivided. Stigma capitate. Flowers
perfect.

ll. rupestris. L. ovato-subrotund, with
cartilaginous serratures inside of calyx. Pet.
and Stamens white. S. 6,7. Stony rough
coasts. Carniola.

12. Prangula. L. elliptic, acuminate, quite
entire. §. 5,6. Woods and thickets.

XXIX. TEREBINTHACE.

Calyx small, persistent.

Petals inserted on calyx. A’stivation valvular. Fruit not opening.

Seed 1. LL. alternate, without stipules.

159. PISTACIA.
A. L. with an odd Lt. ; deciduous.

1. vera. Lis. 1-5, ovate, slightly attenu-
ate at base, somewhat mucronate. S. Sad
by DC. to be naturahzed on coasts of Mdt.

B. trifolia, Linn. Its. 1-3. Sie.

2. Ferebinthus. Lis. about 7, ovato-
lanceolate, mucronate. S. 5. Rocks and
walls. s. Kur.

B. L. abruptly pinnate, evergreen.

Lts. 8, lanceolate. Stalk

3. Lentiscus.

winged. s.S.5. Rocks and walls. s. Hur.
160. RHUS.
1. Cotinus. L. simple, obovate. FI. in

a diffuse panicle, perfect and abortive. Barren
Fl.-stalks hairy. Drupe semi-cordate, veiny,
hairless. 3.6. Dry hills. s.e. Fr. Austr.
n. It.

2. Coriaria. L. pinnate. Lts. 5—7-paired,
elliptic, coarsely dentate, villous beneath. Stalk
naked, with a slight border towards the top.
S. 6-8. Dry hills. s. Kur. rare.

3. Thezera. LL. digitate. Lts. 3-5,
lineari-cuneiform, some of them divided or
toothed. Stalks somewhat winged. Pan.
axillary, dicecious. Branches thorny. Fr.
globose, with 3 tubercles at top. S. 3, 4.
Dry cale. hills. s. Sic.

Lts. cuneiform,

4. dioica. L. ternate.

TEREBINTHACESR. 75

dentate above middle. Rac. terminal, dicecious.
Branches thorny, divaricate. S.3,4. Dry
cale. hills. San Vito, Santa Croce, Sciacca and
Scicli in Sic. ©

5. radicans. L. ternate, smooth. Lits.
entire. Fl. in panicles. Drupe roundish, ovate.

8.8. Boggy woods by Montaure near Lou-
viers.—Dusy. An escape ?

161. CNEORUM.

Smooth. Fl. axillary.
s. Fr. Nice.

1. tricoccuma.
Stalks free. s.S. Rocky.

XXX. LEGUMINOSA.

Stamens 10, united at the base, or nine of them united and one separate.

Flowers papiliona-

ceous. This character applies to all the plants of this work, except to Anagyris and Cercis, in

which the Stamens are all separate ;
Corolla.

canthos, and perhaps macracantha, likewise occur in such situations.

pilionaceous.
The Tribes of this order are :—

and to Ceratonia, which has five separate Stamens and no
An Acacia is also sometimes planted in the public walks in Italy. Gleditschia Tria-

None of these are pa-

1. ANOMALA!.—In which I have but feet the three ee above men-

tioned .
2, LOTEA.—Leeume sates

Subtribe 1. Genistra.—Stamens all united !
2. TriroLina.—L. ternate .

3. ASTRAGALE®.—L. pinnate, with an ‘odd Lt.
3. HEDYSAREA.—Legume divided pee into 1-seeded joints L.

pinnate, with a terminal Lt.

4, VICIEA.—Legume continuous. Seeds tot imberited! Goimiaions remain-
ing underground. LL. (except in Cicer) abruptly pinnate .

5. PHASHEOLEA.—Seeds imbedded in a cellular mass.

but not truly jointed

Tribe 1. ANOMALZ.
162. ANAGYRIS.

1. foetida. Lts. 3, entire, lanceolate, acute.
Leg. acuminate. &. 2. Cale. stony. mat.

163. CERCIS.

1. Siliquastrum. JL. roundish, heart-
shaped, very obtuse, smooth. s.T. 4, 5.
s. Tyr.

e

164. CHRATONIA.

1. Siliqua. Unarmed. L. pinnate. Lis.
oval, obtuse. 1.2.9, 10. Rocky coasts. Mdt.

Tribe II. LOTTE,
Sub-tribe 1. GrnistTEz.
165. ULEX.

l. europzeus. Cal. downy. Teeth minute,
counivent. Bracts or secondary Spines extend-

Gen. 162-164.

(Sends not imbedded: Goeyletons rising
above ground as leaves. L. simple, ternate, or pinnate, with a terminal Lt.

. Gen. 165-171.
. Gen. 172-179.
. Gen. 180-187.

. Gen. 188-195.

. Gen. 196-201.

Legume tories:
: . Gen. 202.

ing for half the length of the primary; #1. on
both. S. 11-6. w. Eur.

2. strictus. Primary Spines small, slender,
tetragonal. Fl. from the summit of the stem
and not from the spines —Bas. S. 4. Lord
Londonderry’s park, Down, Ireland.

3. provincialis. Cal. somewhat downy.
Teeth spreading. F. chiefly on the secondary
spines, which are distantly placed along the
primary. s.S. Barren. Prov. Lang.

4. nanus. Cal. nearly smooth. Teeth
somewhat spreading. Bracts and secondary
Spines crowded at the base of the primary.
Fl. only on the primary spines. 58.8. Dry
heaths. w. Kur.

166. GENISTA.

A. L. mostly ternate. Upper Lip of Cal.
bipartite.
i. Plant not thorny. Sp. 1-5.

ii. Plant thorny.

L 2

76 166. GENISTA.

Sp. 6-9.
Sp. 10; 11.

Upper Lip of Cal. bi-

a. Upper L. simple.
b. All L. ternate.
B. All L. simple.
partite.
i. Plant thorny. Sp. 12-20.
ii. Plant unarmed.
a. Fl. in lateral racemes.
b. FI. in terminal racemes.

Sp. 21, 22.
Sp. 23-81.

e. Fl. solitary, axillary, nearly sessile.
Sp. 82-36.

C. L. simple. Upper Lip of Cal. merely
bidentate, Sp. 37-40.

A. L. mostly ternate. Upper Lup of Calyx
bipartite.
i. No thorns.

1. candicans. UL. stalked, all ternate.
Its. obovate. Hairs adpressed. Branches

angular. Heads terminal, few-flowered. Leg.
hirsute. §.5. Dry thickets. Montp. Prov.
Rome. Sie.

2. linifolia. L. sessile or nearly so,
crowded, almost all ternate. Lts. linear, silky
beneath. Margin at last revolute. Branches
sulcate. Rac. terminal, crowded. Leg. hirsute.
S. 4. Isl. of Hyéres.

3. radiata. lL. nearly sessile, opposite,
scattered, almost all ternate. its. linear,
somewhat silky. Branches angular, crowded.
Heads 2—4-flowered. Bracteoles ovate. Stand-
ard deeply emarginate, somewhat hairy. Keel
densely silky, exceeding wings. 8.6, 7. lower
Alps of Prov.

4, holopetala. 1. nearly sessile, opposite,
almost all ternate. Its. lmear. Heads about
4-flowered, stalked. Bracteoles lineari-subulate.
Standard rounded, obtuse, entire, densely silky,
as well as Keel. S. 5,6. Mountains, Zhaun
in Carniola. Cytesus ?

5. triquetra. Uppermost L. simple. Lis.

ovato-lanceolate, villous. Branches decumbent,
3-edged. Rac. terminal, short. S. Cors.

ii. Thorny. Some L. ternate.
a. Upper L. simple.

6. ephedrioides. L. few, sessile. Lts.
linear. Bracts at last striate. Fl. alternate,
nearly sessile, solitary. . Cors. Sard.

7. Inobelii. IL. few; the lowest sessile,
ternate ; the rest mostly simple, lineari-oblong,
silky. Branches crowded, striate. Fl. few,
solitary, stalked, in a sort of raceme. Cal.

downy. s.S. 5, 6. Sainte Baume near
Toulon.

8. Saltzmanni. L. sessile. Its. oblong,
obtuse. Branches at last striate, lax. Fl. in

pairs in a sort of raceme, silky. ‘Chree lower
teeth of Cal. narrower, but nearly as long as
upper. &. Stony. Near Corte, Cors.

9, aspalathoides. L. few; lowest sessile,
ternate, the rest lineari-oblong. Branches at
last’ striate, lax, somewhat recurved. Fl. in
pairs, in a sort of raceme, silky. ‘Three lower
teeth of Cal. very minute. s.S. 2,3. Dry
cale. w. Sic.

b. All L. ternate and sessile.

10. Gupani. L. Jursute, nearly all ternate.
Lts. lineari-lanceolate. Rac. terminal. Cal.
somewhat hirsute. Cor.smooth. Seed]. s.S.
Dry calc. Madonie.

ll. horrida. L. stalked, opposite, all
ternate. its. linear, folded, silky. Branches
angular, crowded, opposite. Fl. few, terminal.
Cal. downy. S. 6, 7. Dry. Couzon near
Lyons. Pyr.

B. Ali L. simple. Upper Inp of Calyx
bipartite.

i. Plant thorny.

12. aristata. L. lineari-lanceolate, villous.
Spines axillary, digitate. Flowering Branches
not spinescent. Rac. terminal. Fl. nearly
hairless. Keel twice as long as standard. Seed 1.
Leg. rhomboid, hairy. s.S. 5-7. Openings
of woods. Sic.

13. sylvestris. L. lineari-subulate. Hairs
of Stem adpressed. Spines axillary, branched,
slender, terete, finely striate. Rac. terminal,
standing alone. Teeth of Cal. lineari-subulate,
reaching to two-thirds of keel, nearly equalling
wings and standard. S.-5,6. Open stony.
Sty. Carniola. Friuli.

14. areuata. Stems tufted, simple, leafy
from base. L.linear. Spines branched, spread-
ing, bowed, 4-edged. Rac. solitary, terminal.
Cal., Standard, and Keel silky. Teeth of Cal.
as long as its tube. s.S. 5,6. Rough.
Near Trieste.-—Kocu.

15. dalmatica. Stem tufted, simple, leafy

from base. L. lineari-lanceolate. Spines
branched, spreading, rigid, 4-edged. Rac.
solitary, terminal. Cal. hirsute. Teeth twice

as long as tube. Keel and Tip of Standard
pubescent. Bracts linear. s.S. 6,7. Dry
rocky. Istrian Islands—Kocu.

16. hispanica. Main Stem leafless, with

LEGUMINOS. 77

long branches. L. lanceolate, villous. Spines
decompound. Flowering Branches unarmed.
Rac. several together, terminal. Keel villous,
as long as smooth standard. Leg. oval, some-
what hispid, 2-4-seeded. S. 5, 6. Stony hills.
mdt. Fr.

17. germanica. Main Stem leafless. L.
lanceolate, somewhat hirsute. Spines simple,
or with short branches. Flowering Branches
unarmed. Rac. terminal. I'l. somewhat
villous. Keel exceeding standard. Leg. ovate,
2-4-seeded. w.5,6. Woody. Koch men-
tions a variety without thorns.

18. anglica. Smooth. L. ovato-lanceolate.
Spines simple. Flowering Branches warmed.
Rae. several on upper part of stem, few-flowered,
terminal. Keel exceeding standard. Leg.
ovato-cylindrical, many-seeded. w. 5, 6.
Heaths. Hng.n. Fr. un. G.

19. corsica. Quite smooth. I, lineari-
lanceolate. Stip. somewhat spinescent. Flower-
ing Branches spinescent, and furnished with
spines which are mostly simple. Fl. ayillary,
solitary, stalked. Keel as long as smooth
standard. Leg. broad on the back, 4—8-seeded.
S. 5,6. Sandy coasts. Cors.

20. Scorpius. lL. very few, oblong.

Spines branched, spreading, striate. I'l. on
the spines hairless. Keel as long as standard.
Leg. 2-6-seeded. $.5. Dry. mdt. Fr.

ii. Unarmed.
a. Flowers in lateral racemes.

21. monosperma. Erect, branched. L.
very few, lineari-oblong, with adpressed hairs.
Rae. few-flowered. Pet. silky, nearly equal.
Leg. ovate, inflated, membranous, 1-seeded.
S. 4,5. Sandy shores. s. w. Sic.

~22. spheerocarpa. Branches rod-like. L.
few, linear, nearly hairless. Rac. many-
flowered. Pet. hairless, equal. Leg. ovate,
somewhat fleshy, 1-2-seeded. S. s. Hur.—
DC.

b. Fowers in terminal racemes.

23. sagittalis. Stem 2-edged, somewhat
winged, jointed. IL. ovato-lanceolate. Fl. in
an ovate terminal raceme. Cor. hairless,
except a villous line on keel. w. 5,6. Grassy
banks. Not im Brit.

24. tenuifolia. ‘‘Stem weak. Branches
terete, striate, nearly erect. L. linear, 1-nerved,
hairless. Fl. and Fr. hairless. S. Piedmont.
Differs from G. ¢ézctoria only in its smaller
flowers.”—DC. :

25. tinctoria. Root creeping. Stems
diffuse. Branches terete, striate, erect. LL.
lanceolate. Hairs adpressed., Fl. hairless.
Seeds 4-7. w.7, 8. Lill pastures.

26. elatior. ‘Stem erect, branched at
top. Branches terete, equally striate, some-
what angular above ; downy towards the tep.
Stip. subulate, very small. Cor. and Leg.

without hairs. s.S. 6,7. Dry pastures.
adr. G.”—Kocu.

27. anxantica. “Quite smooth. Stems
diffuse. Branches angular. LL. elliptico-

ovate, somewhat coriaceous, veiny. El. in
racemes. Cor. three times as long as calyx.
Seeds 8-10. S. Valle Anxanti. K. Nap.’—
TEN.

Stem terete, with raised
Imes. Stem and L. covered with spreading
hairs. LL, lanceolate, elliptic, or ovate. Stip.
subtate, very small. Cor. srnooth. Keel as
long as standard. Leg. very hirsute, 6, 7.
Dry hills. lower Styria.” —Kocu. This and
the four preceding are perhaps forms of one
Species.

28. ovata.

29. eetmensis. ‘“ Branches terete, rod-like,
striate. Flowering Branches naked; younger
ones and the few very short, linear L. silky.
Lower Lip of Cal. obscurely 3-toothed. Keel
silky at top, exceeding the downy standard.
Leg. oblong, compressed, somewhat falcate,
downy, 2-6-seeded. 18. 6,7. Open dry.
e. and n. of Aitna.”—Guss.

30. sericea. Decumbent. Branches nearly
terete. L. lneari-lanceolate, silky beneath, not
margined. Fl. 3-4, in asort ofraceme. Teeth
of Cal. oblong, acuminate. Pet. silky, nearly
equal. &. 6,7. Rocky. Trieste. abundant.

31. seariosa. Smooth. Stem ascending,
round. Young branches3-edged. L. lanceolate ;
lower obovate. Margin scariose. Cor. three
times as long as calyx. Stony. s. G. It.

c. Flowers solitary, axillary, nearly or
gute sessile.

32. mantica. Stems numerous, prostrate,
striate, leafy, hirsute. L. lineari-lanceolate.
FL.-stalk shorter than L. Cor. hairless. Leg.
silky. &. 5. Wood del Mantico, three
miles from Verona. Var. of G. tinctoria ?

33. purgans. Erect. Branches terete,
striate; at the time of flowering nearly leafless.
L. very few, lanceolate, sessile. Fl. on short
stalks. Pet. hairless. &. 5,6. Barren hills.
Cev. Auv,

78 166. GENISTA.

Branches straight,
Pet... nearly

34. cinerea. Erect.
striate. L. small, lanceolate.

equal. Keel silky. Standard nearly smooth.
Hairs of L. and Leg. adpressed. .S. 5, 6.
Southern slopes. Dau. Prov.

35. humifusa. Procumbent. Branches

twisted, tubercled, rigid, and somewhat spi-
nescent. L. lineari-lanceolate, hairy. Pet.
nearly equal. Keel silky. Standard nearly
smooth. Pod downy. Seeds 4. S. 5, 6.
Sand, Gap.

36. pilosa. Stem procumbent, branched,
striate, tubercled, leafy. L. lanceolate, silky
beneath. Keel and Standard silky. Leg. downy,
many-seeded. s.S.5. Dry hills.

C. L. stmple. Upper Inp of Calyx bidentate.

37. humilis. Stems prostrate, diffuse.
Branches angular, striate, villous. L. ovali-
oblong, acute, hairy on both sides. Fl. axillary.
Stalks hardly longer than calyx. Calyx sub-
cylindrical, hairy. Teeth setaceous. w.
Piano di Ruggia, Lucania.

38. diffusa. “Stem and oblongo-lanceolate
L. smooth, except that the latter are somewhat
ciliate. Flower-stalks three times as long as
calyx, surrounded by a bundle of L. Cal. and
Cor. hairless. S. 5, 6. Grassy slopes. 1.
Sty. Carniola. Trieste.” —Kocu.

39. Efalleri. ‘‘ Stem and under side and
margin of oblongo-lanceolate L. branched.
Flower-stalks and Cal. covered with spreading
hairs. Flower-stalks three times calyx ; from a
bundle of L. Cor. hairless. S. 5-7. Stony
hills. w. Sw. rare.’-—Kocu. Lorr. Burg.

40. procumbens. “L. oblongo-lanceolate,
covered underneath and on the margin, as well
as the branches and calyces, with adpressed
hairs. Flower-stalks three times calyx, from
a tuft of L. Cor. hairless. S. 4-6. Open
stony. Mor.1, Aus. Pays de Vaud.”—Kocu.
These three are probably varieties of one
Species.

167. SPARTIUM.

1. junceum. Branches opposite, rod-like,
flowering at top. S. 5,6. s. Hur.

168. CYTISUS.
A. Unarmed. Cal. campanulate.
dilated at the back.

i, Fl. in racemes. Sp. 1-8.
ii. Fl. axillary. Sp. 9-12.

Leg. not

B. Very thorny. Upper part of very short
Cal. carried off with the opening flower.
Sp. 13-15.

G. Cal. tubular, nearly cylindrical.
i. Plant thorny. Sp. 16.

ii. Plant without thorns. Sp. 17-23.

D. Cal. odconical ; upper lip deeply divided.
Sp. 24.

A. Unarmed. Calyx campanulate. Legume
not dilated on upper suture.

i. Flowers in racemes.

1. albus. Branches terete, rod-like. L.
sessile, simple aud ternate, very few. Lts.
lineari-oblong, silky. Fl. fasciculate, disposed
in long racemes. Leg. 2-seeded, very villous.
S. Monte Vergine, K. Nap.

2. Laburnum. Hairs adpressed. Branches
terete. L. stalked, alternate. Lts. ovato-
lanceolate. Rac. pendent. Leg. linear, many-
seeded, rectangularly keeled on upper suture.
1S. Woody hills. Malesherbes. Estampes.
Naney. s. G. It.

3. alpinus. Hairs spreading. Branches
terete. L. stalked, all ternate. Lts. ovato-
lanceolate. Rac. pendent. Leg. hairless, few-
seeded. Keel of the upper Suture winged.
LS. 5,6. Moody hills. Sw. Tyr. Cul.

4, ramentaceus. Rac. ovate, erect. Upper
lip of Cal. divided to base. Standard smooth.
Keel downy. Leg.smooth. Flower-stalk with
a large but caducous bract in the middle. S. 5.
Woods on coast between Duino and Monfal-
cone.

[I put this here in compliance with Koch,
but the deeply-divided upper lip of calyx makes
me suspect it is out of its place. Koch’s
characters of the two genera are—Genvsta,
“Stigma introrsumdeclive;” Cydtisus, “Stigma
extrorsum declive.”” I have followed DC. |

5. sessilifolius. Hairless. Branches
terete. Floral L. nearly sessile. ts. ovate.
Rac. short, terminal, erect, about 6-flowered.
Bracts 3. Upper Lip with two minute teeth,
S. 5,6. Woods and heaths. s. Kur.

6. nigricans. Hairs adpressed. Branches
terete, rod-like. L. stalked. Lts. elliptic.
Rac. long, terminal, erect, many-flowered.
Bracts 0. Teeth of Cal. minute. S. 6, 7.
Heaths and dry woods. e. G. Pdm. Vall.

Hirsute. Branches terete.
Lts. obovato-elliptic. FI.

7. triflorus.
All L. stalked.

LEGUMINOSZE. 79

axillary, stalked, ternate, forming a sort of
raceme at the tops of the branches. Bracts 0.
Teeth of Cal. small. Leg. villous. S. 4.
Fill thickets. wadt. Fr. Rome. Nap. Sic.

8. zeolicus. “Stem tall, erect. L. stalked,
ternate, somewhat acute; the younger with a
silvery silkiness on both sides. Stalks axillary,
clustered, 1-flowered, collected into a terminal
raceme. Cal. nearly globose, densely villous ;
upper lip with two teeth; lower entire. Leg.
broadly linear, hairless, somewhat falcate. S.
3,4. Volcanic rocks. Lipari Islands.’—
Guss.

ii. Mowers axillary.

9. affinis. “Downy. Branches angular.
L, nearly sessile. Lts. obovate. FI. axillary,
stalked, ternate. Sic.’”—Guss. from PRESL.

10. glabrescens. Fl. axillary, crowded,
from the same bud with the bundles of L.
(Leg. smooth, Reus.) Stalks four times as
long as calyx. Bracteoie linear. Stems diffuse.
Under side of L., Stalks, and Cal. covered with
adpressed hairs. S. Rugged mountains.
Ticino. Corni di Canzo.

11. arboreus. Branches striate, hairless.
L. stalked, all termate. Lts. obovate, downy
beneath. Fl. crowded. Stalks nodding. No
Bract at base of calyx. Leg. silky. 1S. or s.T.
Monte Gargano.

12. scoparius. Branches angular. L.
stalked ; uppermost simple. Lts. oblong. Fl.
axillary, solitary, stalked. eg. hairy on
margin.

B. Very thorny. Calyx circumseiss (burst-
ing, not opening, as the flower expands).
The upper suture of the Legume di-
lated.

13. spinosus. Branches angular. Ls.
obovato-elliptic. Leg. hairless, somewhat
thickened on both sutures. Fl. lateral, fasci-
culate. (Bracts trifid, Guss.) 1S. Coasts of
Mediterranean.

14. lanigerus. Branches striate. Lis.
obovato-elliptic. Leg. woolly, thickened on
both sutures. (Bracts truncate, Guss.) S.3, 4.
Very dry fills. Alicata and Siculiana in Sie.
Naples.

15. infestus. Branches angular. Lis.
obovate. Leg. silky. Lower Suture not
thickened. Bracts small, entire or somewhat
3-lobed. S&S. 4,5. Barren calc. hills. Sic.
common. Calabria.

C. Calyx nearly cylindrical, 2-lipped.
i. Plant thorny.

16. spinescens. Branches silky. Lts.
elliptic, acute at each end, silky. Fl.-stalks

1-2, axillary, short. Cal. silky. S. 5, 6.
Rocks. Isle of Cherso. Capri. Abruzzi. Monte
Gargano.

ii. Plant unarmed.

17. hirsutus. Decumbent. Hairs spread-
ing. Branches terete, rod-like. Tits. obovate,
villous beneath. Fl. crowded, lateral, on very
short stalks. Cal. and Leg. hirsute. s.S. 5, 6.
Stony. Boh. s. Kur.

18. biflorus. (Ratishonensis of Koch.)
Procumbent, silky, the hairs everywhere ad-
pressed. Fl. lateral, usually in pairs, on short
stalks. w. 4,5. Hill meadows. Bav. and
e. G. The C. biflorus of Lenore, which is
described as sometimes spinescent, is perhaps
a different species.

19. prostratus. Prostrate. Hairs spread-
ing. Its. obtuse, hirsute. I'l. on the shoots
of the year terminal; on those of the preceding
year lateral. No Bracts on lateral flower-stalks.
S$. 5,6. Rugged hills. Carniola. s. Tyr.

20. austriacus. Erect. Branches terete,
rod-like, adpressedly pubescent, as well as L.
Lts. obovato-lanceolate. FI. terminal, in an
umbel-like head. Outer Stalks with bracteoles.
Cal. and Leg. somewhat villous. S. 7, 8.
Rough woods. Austria. Moravia. Bohemia.

21. supinus. Decumbent. Branches terete.
L. obovate, somewhat hairy beneath. Hairs
spreading. Fl. 2-4, stalked, subterminal. Cal.
and Leg. somewhat villous. w. 5, 6. Heathy.
Vienna. Dau. Rheims. Fontainebleau.

22. capitatus. Erect. Branches straight,
hispid. Lis. obovato-elliptic, villous. FI.
crowded at the tops of the branches. Cal. and
Leg. villous. w. 6. Open woods. e. G. s. Fr.
Differs from C. supinus by its much larger
and more numerous flowers and more villous
calyx.

23. purpureus. Ascending. Branches,
L., and Cal. with few or no hairs. F. lateral,
usually in pairs, purple! Cal. and claws of
Pet. fringed. S.4-6. Hidls. s. e. Alps.

D. Calyx obconical. Upper. Lip deeply
divided. Corolla hardly exceeding calyx.
24. argenteus. Decumbent. L., Cal.,

Cor., and Leg. silky. L. stalked. Lis. oblongo-
lanceolate. Fl. 3-4, terminal. w. 4,5. s.
Fr. adr. G. It.

80 169. ADENOCARPUS.

169. ADENOCARPUS.

1. intermedius. Cal. glandular. Middle
division of Lower Lip longer than lateral, and
far exceeding upper. Standard nearly smooth.
s.S. Cal. Query if distinct from the following.

2. divaricatus. Cal. glandular. Middle
division of Lower Lip longer than lateral, and
far exceeding upper. Standard densely pu-
bescent. S. 7. Open heaths. w. Fr. Rome.

3. Bivonee. “Cal. glandular. Divisions
of Lower Lip nearly equal, exceeding upper.
Fl. crowded. Branches and Standard hirsute.
S. 7,8. Dry woods. Mitna.”—Guss. from
PRESL.

4. commutatus. Cal. pubescent, without
glands. Middle division of Lower Lip longer
than lateral, and far exceeding upper. (Rac.
long, many-flowered.) lL. folded. SS. 6, 7.
Sandy hilis. Sic. Rocky. Cevennes.

5. telonensis. Cal. pubescent, without
glands. Teeth of Lower Lip nearly equal, and
but little exceeding upper. Rac. short, few-
flowered. s.S.5,6. s. Fr.

170. ONONIS.

A. Fi. stalked, axllary, yellow.
i. Perennial. Plants more or less woody.
Sp. 1-4.
ii. Annual, viscid.
a. Upper L. simple. Sp. 5-9.
b. L., even of flowering branches, nearly
all ternate. Sp. 10-12.
B. Fi. stalked, axillary, purple.
i. Shrubby. lL. ternate. Sp. 13-15.
ii. Perennial, not properly shrubby, Sp. 16,
1%.
iii. Annual. Sp. 18-21.
C. Fi. axillary, sessile or nearly so, purple
or white.
i. Perennial, somewhat woody. Sp. 22-24.
ii, Annual. Sp. 25-29.

D. Fi. axillary, sessile or nearly so, yellow.
i. Woody. Sp. 30-83.
ii. Annual. Sp. 34.
A. Flowers axillary, stalked, yellow, generally
with purple Strie.
Plants more or less woody.

Somewhat shrubby,
L. piunately ternate ;

i. Perennial.

1. arachnoidea.
villous, not viscid.

Lis. ovali-oblong.

uppermost mostly simple.
8.8. Torrents. e.

Stalks 1-flowered, awned.
Pyr. Elne. Perpignan.

2. Watrix. Shrubby, pubescent, viscid.
L. ternate; the uppermost sometimes simple.
Lts. oblong. Stalks 1-flowered, exceeding L.
Awn as long or longer than upper part of
Stalk. Leg. drooping, linear, turgid. s.S.
7. Open. s. Kur.

[I have a plant from the Pyrenees, given me
by M. Maille, with some of the L. pinnate,
which probably belongs to this species. |

3. ramosissima. Somewhat shrubby at
base, much. branched, pubescent, viscid. L. all
ternate. Lts. lineari-obovate, serrate, acumi-
nate. Stalks 1-flowered, exceeding L. Awn
longer than upper part of stalk. s.S. or p.
6,7. Sandy shores. Mat.

4, arenaria. Somewhat shrubby at base,
much branched, pubescent, very viscid. LL.
allternate. Lts. lneari-obovate. Stip. lineari-
lanceolate, with long acumen. Stalks 1-flow-
ered, falling short of L. Awn short. s.S. or p.
Shore at Maguellone, near Montp. Lhe length of
the awn, that of the flower-stalk, and the pur-
ple stripes on the corolla, vary in these three
species; but the difference of habit seems ta
show that O. Natrix should be kept separate
JSrom one or both of the latter.

ii. Annual, with viscid pubescence.
a. Upper L. simple.

5. viscosa. Middle Lts. the largest. Stip.
as long as L.-stalk. Stalks 1-flowered. Awn
exceeding L. Cor. exceeding calyx. a. 6.
Dry. Hyéres. Montp.

6. polymorpha. Erect, hairy, somewhat
viscid. Lts. elliptic-oblong, with short teeth
above middle. Stalks 1-flowered, sometimes
awned, at last exceeding L. Leg. 4—5-seeded.
a. Dry. Calab. Iapygia.—TEn. “ Differs from
O. pubescens zz having more seeds in the
capsules.” —TEN.

7. breviflora. Hairy, somewhat viscid.
Its. of lower L. oval, serrate; middle largest.
Stip. serrate, nearly as long as L.-stalk. Stalks
1-flowered, equalling L. Awn long. Cor.
somewhat shorter than divisions of calyx. a. 6.
Dry hills. Frejus. Sic.

8. Stalks twice as long as L. Cor. as long

as calyx. Palermo.

8. sicula. Hairy. Upper L. simple. Lts.
lineari-oblong, acute, serrate at top. Stip.
nearly entire, equalling L.-stalk. Stalks 1-

LEGUMINOS/. 81

flowered, awned, equalling L. Cor. shorter
than calyx. Leg. drooping, twice as long as
calyx, a. 4,5. Dry cale. hills, Sic.

9. pubescens. LHrect, hairy. Upper L.
simple. Lts. ovali-oblong. Stip. large, acu-
minate, entire. Stalks 1-flowered, awnless,
shorter than L. Cal. broad, striate. (Leg. few-
seeded, Ten.) Standard sometimes purplish.
a.5.? Bosquet de Mireval at Mtp. Avignon.

b. All L. ternate.

10. longearistata. Hairy, somewhat
viscid. Upper L. ternate. Lts. obovato-
elliptic, serrulate, obtuse, the middle larger.
Stip. entire. Stalks 1-flowered, shorter than L.
Awn long. Divisions of Cal. linear, exceed-
ing corolla, shorter than legume. a. 5, 6.
Grassy hills. Pal. Cat. ‘‘ This and brevi-
flora are perhaps varieties of O. viscosa.” —
Guss.

ll. Sieberi. Hairy, somewhat viscid.
Upper L. ternate. Lts. elliptic-oblong ; lower
bluntly, upper very acutely serrate above the
middle. Stip. entire. Stalks generally 1-flowered ;
at last exceeding L. Awn not constant. Divi-
sions of Cal. lanceolate, somewhat shorter
than corolla and 4—6-seeded legume.—Guss.
“This and polymorpha are perhaps varieties
of O. pubescens.” —Guss.

12. ornithopodioides. Hairy. L. all
termate. lLts. oblong. Stalks 1-2-flowered,
awned. Leg. linear, cernuous, contracted be-
tween the seeds. a. 6. Dry calc. hills.
Capri. s. It. s. Sic. Cors.

B. Flowers stalked, axillary, purple or white.

i. L. ternate (except in O. oligophylla).

Plant shrubby.

13. rotundifolia. Lts. ovate,
Stip. separate.
Bracts 0. (Leg. nodding, linear, turgid, Kocu.)
s.S. 5,6. Alps and Pyr.

14, tribracteata. “its. ovate, dentate.
Stalks about 3-flowered. Cal. triphyllo-brac-
teate. s.S. Carinthia? Perhaps an wl de-
scribed form of the former.’—DC.

15. fruticosa.: Lts. sessile, lanceolate, ser-
rate. Stip. united into a 4-awned sheath ; the
uppermost leafless. Stalks 3-flowered, race-
mose. s.$. 6,7. Open hills. Dau. Prov.

dentate.

ii. Perennial, not properly shrubby.
16. cenisia. Somewhat shrubby at base.
Stems diffuse, prostrate. L. ternato-digitate.
Lts. cuneate, serrate. Stip. serrate. Stalks

Stalks 2—3-flowered, awned. °

1-flowered, awnless, exceeding L. p. 7, 8.

Pastures. w. Alps.

17. oligophylla. Stems ascending, diffuse,
villous. L. simple, roundish, serrulate. Stip.
ovate, serrulate. 1. axillary, solitary. Stalks
awnless, exceeding L.; the terminal ones some-
what racemose. Cal. villous, shorter than co-
rolla, as long as legume. p.ora. Clayey
fields. Sic. common.

ili. Annual.

18. reclinata. Diffuse. Lts, obovate, ser-
rate, hairy, viscid. Stip. broadly ovate, acute,
serrate. Stalks 1-flowered, as long as L.;
with a small bract near the summit, but
no awn. Divisions of Cal. lanceolate, exceed-
ing corolla. (Leg. nodding, linear, turgid,
Kocu.) a.5. Coasts. Mdt.

19. mollis. Somewhat erect.
longo-obovate, serrate at top. Stip. nearly
entire. Stalks awnless, 1-flowered, equalling
L. Divisions of Cal. linear. Cal., Cor., and.
at last Leg., equal. a. 5. Coasts. Cors. Sic.

Lis. ob-

20. Schowii. Lts. oblongo-obovate, serrate.
Stip. serrate. Stalks 1-flowered, awnless,
hardly as long as calyx, forming an ovate ra-
ceme. Cal. shorter than corolla and legume.
a. 4,5. Open hills. s. Sic. Pal.

21. Cherleri. Hirsute. Lts. oblongo-cu-
neate, serrate at top. Stip. nearly entire. Stalks
awnless, 1-flowered, shorter than L., in a crowd-
ed raceme. Cal., Cor., and Leg. equal. a. 5.
Dry stony. dt. Fr. Nice. Cors.

C. Flowers axillary, sessile or nearly so,
purple or white.

i. Perennial, somewhat woody.

22. hireina. Erect. Branches unarmed,
everywhere villous, somewhat viscid. Lts. ob-
longo-lanceolate, acute, denticulato-serrate. Fl.
usually in pairs, forming a dense spike. Divi-
sions of Cal. villous, exceeding erect, ovate
legume. w. 6,7. Meadows and uncult. G.
Dau. ?

23. repens. Stems rooting at base, diffuse.
Branches everywhere pubescent. Lts. ovato-
subrotund, glandular on both sides, serrate.
Fl. solitary. Divisions of Cal. exceeding le-
gume. w. 6,8. Pastures. :

24. spinosa. Stems with one or two
smooth lines. Lts. oblongo-cuneate at base,
nearly entire. Fl. solitary. Leg. erect, ovate,
as long as calyx. w. 5.6.

B. antiquorum, LINN. Branches nearly hair-

less.

82 170. ONONIS.

ii. Annual.

25. diffusa. “Stems diffuse, downy,
whitish. L. ternate. Lts. oblongo-cuneate,
serrate, with very short, triangular teeth. Stip.
lanceolate, serrate. Fl. in a spike-like ra-
ceme. Cal. scariose, shorter than corolla, as
long as legume. a. 5, 6. Sandy shores.
Pozz. Cal. s. Sic.’—Trn. Cors.

26. Dehnhardtii. “ Stems villous, viscid,
erect. L. ternate. its. biserrate with long
setaceous teeth; lower orbicular, retuse. Stip.
ovate; upper obovato-cuneate, acutely biserrate.
Fl. in a head-like spike. Cal. scariose, shorter
than corolla, longer than legume. a. Sandy
shores. Fusaro, Ischia. Gargano. Viesti.”’—
TEN.

27. mitissima. Stems erect, somewhat
hairy, whitish. Lts. oval, serrate. Upper L.
simple. Fl. in a long spike, with scariose,
stipulary bracts. a. 4, 5. Clayey fields. Cors.
Sic. Cal.

28. alopecuroides. Stem solitary, erect,
somewhat hairy. LL. simple, elliptic, obtuse,

somewhat serrate. Stip. very large, somewhat °

serrate. Fl. in a dense spike. Divisions of
Cal. hispid, about twice as long as corolla or
legume. a. 5,6. Clayey fields. Cors. Cal.
Sicily.

29. monophylla. Stem solitary, erect,
somewhat villous. LL. simple, sharply serrate.
Stip. very large, sharply serrate. Fl. in a
dense spike. Divisions of Cal. villous, equal-
ling corolla. a. Dry fields. Cal.

D. HMowers sessile or nearly so, yellow.

i. Perennial, somewhat woody. Most of

L. ternate.

30. arragonensis. Shrubby. Lis. sub-
rotund, serrate, hairless. Fl. in pairs in a
leafless raceme. Cal. villous, half as long as
corolla. s.S. Benasque in Pyr.

31. striata. Prostrate, diffuse, branched.
Lts. obovato-cuneate, striate, somewhat rough,
serrate. Stip. serrate. Fl. in heads. Cor.
exceeding the hirsute, viscid calyx. p. or w.
6, 7. Dry mountaims. Pyr. Cev. Alps of
Prov. and Dav.

32. Columnze. Pubescent. Stems some-
what cespitose. Uppermost L. simple. Lts.
obovato-oblong, serrate. Stip.serrate. Fl. in
a leafy spike. Expanded base of Teeth of
Cal. longer than subulate part. p. or w. 5-9.
Sandy and cale. hills.

33. minutissima. Hairless, somewhat
cespitose. Lts. obovato-cuneate, serrate. Stip.
subulate, entire. Fl. ina leafy spike. Expanded
base of Teeth of Cal. much shorter than subu-

late part. p.orw. 4,5. Dry cale. s. Fr.
abundant. Sic.
ii. Annual. L. simple.

34. variegata. Hairless, diffuse. L. obo-
vate, striate, serrate. Stip. broad, somewhat
sheathing, serrate. Cor. exceeding pubescent
calyx. a.5. Sandy shores. It.

171. ANTHYLLIS.

A. Calyx hardly inflated. Legume ses-

sile, as long as calyx.

1. cytisoides. Shrubby, much branched,
unarmed. Fl. in the upper axils forming an
interrupted spike. Cal. hirsute. L. simple
or ternate ; the middle Lt. much largest. s.S.
Rocky. Toulon. La Ciodad. Perpignan.

2. EZermannize. Shrubby. Branches
spinescent. Heads few-flowered, nearly sessile
in the upper axils. L. nearly sessile, simple

or ternate. S. 4.5. Very dry cale. Cors.
s. Sicily.
3. Gerardi. Herbaceous, diffuse. Heads

stalked, without bracts, many-flowered (15-20
flowers). L. pimnate. p. 6, 7. Stony
woods. St. Tropez. Rous. Cors.

B. Calyx bladder-like after flowering.

4. Erinacea. Shrubby. Branches spi-
nescent. L. very few, simple. Heads stalked,
bracteate, few-flowered. S.5. Cors. Pyr. on
borders of Catalonia.

5. Barba Jovis. Shrub. Silky, unarmed.
Heads globose,, many-flowered, not exceeding
bracts. Lts. 9-18, lineari-oblong, equal. S.
5, 6. Rocky shores. Prov. It. not common.

6. montana. Herbaceous, cespitose. Heads
solitary, on long stalks, bracteate. Lts. 15—
19, equal, ovali-oblong, villous. p. 5, 6. Grassy
mountams. Alps. Apenn.

7. Vulneraria. Herbaceous. Headsstalked,
generally double, bracteate. Lis. 5-18; ter-
minal much the largest. p. 5-7. Dry
pastures.

8. tetraphylla. Herbaceous, procumbent.
Leg. with transverse divisions. Heads axillary,
sessile, few-flowered. Lts. 4: three very small,
and the terminal large. a.3,4. Dry hills.
s. Fr. It.

LEGUMINOS@.

Subtribe 2. TrRIroLina.

172. MEDICAGO.

The points of comparison taken by different
authors in determining the species of this genus
are so various, and expressed in such different,
terms, that I find it impossible to reduce them
satisfactorily to an aualytical form. I, how-
ever, publish the following attempt at grouping,
as the best I have been able to effect ; thinking
it may be useful to the student, though I feel
uncertain as to the constancy of some of the
characters, and am aware that some of them
so run into others, that he may be puzzled as
to which he ought to choose.

I have described the spines with reference
to the helix, and not to the legume in its
lengthened form. <Adpressed, if turned up and
down, close to the helix; reffered, turned also
up and down, but not lying close against the
turns of the helix; (both these appear to be
sometimes called divaricate ;) spreading, when
they are more open ; radzating, when they near-
ly follow the direction of the width of the legume.

A. Legume somewhat leaf-like, reniform.

Sp. 1, 2.

. Legume curved, solid, open in the centre.
Sp. 3-8.

. Legume reniform, not open in centre,
longitudinally veined. Sp. 9, 10.

. Legume spiral, closed. Edge thin, un-
armed. Sp. 11-17.

- Legume spiral, closed. Edge thickened,
l-nerved, unarmed, or only slightly tu-
bercled. Sp. 18-22.

F. Legume spiral. Outer suture 3-nerved,

unarmed, or only slightly tubercled. Sp.

23-26.

Legume spiral, closed. Outer suture 3-

nerved, armed with spines that are not

grooved.

i. Edges touching. Sp. 27-30.

ii. Edges not touching. Sp. 31-36.

EX. Legume spiral. Spines grooved.

i. Back keeled. Sp. 37.

ii. Back rounded. Base of Spines extending

to the centre.

a. Legumenot veinedon margin. Sp.38-40.
b. Legume veined all over. Sp. 41-46.
iii. Back flattened, not occupied by the

spines. Sp. 47-49.

I. Back l-nerved. Spines grooved, arising

from the back and from a lateral vein.

HH Oo Qa B

G.

83
i. Helix trencher-shaped. Sp. 50.
ii. Helix ellipsoid or subglobose. Sp.
51-55.
A. Legume somewhat leaf-like, compressed,

reniform.

1. circinnata. Margin of Leg. not winged,
but furnished with branched, spine-like teeth.
Lts. 5, entire; terminal very large. a. 3, 4.
Dry hills. Vt. s. Fr.

2. radiata. Margin of Leg. winged, dentate.
Lts. 3, obovato-denticulate. a. 6,7. Nice.
Narbonne. Koch says, “ Anterior margin spi-
nulose, posterior with a ragged fringe,” and
makes no mention of a wing. Query, if the
same plant. a. 7,8. ields. Istria.

B. Legume curved, solid, open im the centre.

3. procumbens. Procumbent. Leg. nearly
straight, reticulate. Seeds 2-6, irregularly
cordate. Lts. oblongo-linear, dentate at top.
Stip. dentate at base. p. 7-9. Dry fills. Boh.
Dresd. (Var. of falcata, Kocu.)

4, falcata. Decumbent. Leg.sickle-shaped,
reticulate. Lts. oblong. Stip. subulate, quite
entire. Rac. short, erect. Pedicels shorter
than calyx, erect after flowering. p. 6, 7. Dry
meadows and banks.

5. arborea. Shrub erect, silky. Leg. an-
nular. Seeds 2,3. Lts. obovate. Stip. subulate,
entire. §&. 4,5. Nice. Sorrento.

6. glutinosa. Prostrate. Hairs viscid.
Leg. (annular, Rous.,) obscurely vemed. Lts.
obovato-cuneiform, somewhat retuse, obscurely
dentate. Stip. lanceolate, somewhat dentate at
base. (Rac. corymbose, Rows.) p.5, 6. Stony
meadows. Mte.Spaccato. Trieste. Notin Koch.

7. sativa. Erect. Leg. somewhat spiral,
finely reticulate, silky when young. Stalk
shorter than calyx. Seeds irregular, day. Lis.
obovato-oblong, dentate. Stip. subulate, some-
what dentate. Rac. oblong, erect. p. 6, 7.
Meadows and borders.

8. prostrata. Prostrate. Leg. somewhat
spiral, finely reticulate. Seeds 2, exactly reni-
form, black. Pedicels twice calyx, refracted
after flowering.. Lts. Linear. Stip. lneari-subu-
late, nerved, dentate at base. p. 6-8. Open
uncult. Trieste. abundant. Carn.

CG. Legume reniform, thick, not open in the
centre.

9. lupulina. Procumbent. Leg. reniform,

1-seeded, longitudinally veined. Lts. obovato-

| cuneate, obtusely dentate. Stip. subulate, nearly

M 2

84 172. MEDICAGO.

Cal. as
Meadows

entire. Spike erect, many-flowered.
long as wings and keel. a. 5-8.
and fields.

B. Willdenovii, Bunn. Leg. covered with
jointed, glandular hairs.

10. apennina, J.W. Procumbent. Leg.
subulate, spiral, 1-seeded? longitudinally
veined? Lts. rhombeo-subrotund, acutely den-
ticulate. Stip. ovate, deeply dentate. Rac.
erect, dense, many-flowered. Cor. twice as
long ascalyx. w.b.?6. Meadows, Guada-
gnolo. This is, perhaps, the M. Willdenovii of
Gussone.

D. Legume spiral, closed. Edge thin, un-
armed.

11. obscura. Leg. of | or 14 turns, 2-
seeded. Veins radiating, anastomosing in an
irregular flexuose nerve near the outer margin.
Stip. semiovate, acuminate, deeplydentate. Rac.
many-flowered. a. 4, 5. Sandy shores. s. Kur.

B. spinosa, Guss. With a few setaceous
Spines on the fruit. Sand. s. Sic.

12. Efelix. Leg. of 2-8 close turns, 2—
4-seeded. Veins radiating, uniting in a strong
wavy nerve within the outer margin. Stip.
somewhat, semisagittate, lacero-dentate. Rac.
3—5-flowered. a. 4,5. Sandy hills and shore.
Nap. e. Sic.

B. spinulosa, Guss.
Spines on fruit.

13. seutellata. Leg. convex below, pre-
senting its spiral edge on the upper face of
helix. Veins numerous, prominent, reticulate.
No lateral nerve. Stip.semisagittate. Stalks
1-3-flowered. a. 5,6. Fiume. It.

14. cuneata, J. W. Leg. with 6-9 turns ;
4 or 5 of which are nearly equal, forming an
ellipsoid. Helix as long as broad. Veins without
a lateral nerve, radiating. Lts. cuneate. Stip.
setaceo-multifid. a.6. Tivoli. Query, if var.
of orbicularis.

With a few setaceous
Cuma. Cape Miseno.

15. orbicularis. Leg. at first crooked ;
afterwards forming a very compressed, lenti-
form helix of 5—7 turns, of which the middle
one is largest. No lateral nerve. Veins radiat-
ing. Seeds many, punctulato-rugose. Lis.
obcordate. Stip.laciniate. Stalks 1-3-flowered.
a. 4-6. Fields. s, Kur.

16. marginata. Leg. compressed, flat on
two sides. ‘urns about 6. Margins distant,
with transverse veins, thickened towards the
edge. Stalks 1-3-flowered, shorter than L.
Stip.setaceo-pinnatifid. a.5,6. Fiume.—Kocu.

17. Soleirolii. Leg. plano-convex, longi-
tudinally reticulate. Lts. rhombeo-obovate,
denticulate, nervose. Stip. pinnatifido-dentate.
Divisions setiform. Rac. of many Zarge flowers.
Divisions of Cal. villous, setaceous. a. Near
Calvi in Corsica.

E. Ldge thickened, \-nerved. No Spines.

18. suffruticosa. Prostrate, somewhat
woody. Leg. downy, with about 2 turns. No
lateral nerve. Veins slender, arcuato-reticulate.
Seeds irregularly cordate. Lts. rhombeo-
subrotund. Stip. semiovate, dentate. p. 6,7.
Baréges.

19. leiocarpa. Prostrate, somewhat woody.
Leg. smooth, of 2-4 turns, with strong longi-
tudinally reticulate veins. Seeds nearly reniform.
Stip. broadly lanceolate, nearly entire. p. 5.
Cale. hills. Nab. Corbieres.

20. elegans. Helix flat at each end, with
2 or 3 turns. Veins transversely reticulate.
Margin obtuse. Lts. rhombeo-obovate. Stip.
lanceolate, dentate. Stalks 2—4-flowered. a.
4,5. Open cale. hills. Sic.

21. striata. Leg. flat on two sides, hair-
less, somewhat muricato-tuberculate. Outer
suture convex, l-nerved. Helix longer than
broad. Turns 3 or 4. Stalks 1—6-flowered,
exceeding L. Stip. ciliato-dentate. a. 4, 5.
Itelds. s. Coast of Sic.—Guss.

22. tornata. Diffuse. Leg. truncate at
each end. Outer suture flat. Helix longer
than broad, hairless. Turns 5, 6, close. Seeds
reniform, truncate, orange colour. Ls. obo-
vate. Stip.ciliato-dentate. Stalks 1—5-flowered,
exceeding L. a. 4,5. Coasts. Sic.

B. muricata. Sic.

B. Legume spiral. Edge thick, 3-nerved,
often with prominent veins or tubercles.
Helix compact, the edges touching.

23. turbinata. Diffuse. Helix convex at
each end. Margin lined. Lts. rhombeo-ovate.
Stip. lanceolate, dentate. Stalks about 2-
flowered. a. 4,5. Corn. e. Sic.

24. tuberculata. Procumbent. Helix el-
lipsoid, flattened at base. Turns 3-5. Veins
none. Suture very thick, triangular, scaly
when old. Tubercles or short spmes swelling
at base. Seeds reniform, truncate. Stip. lan-
ceolate, dentate. Stalks 1-8-flowered. a. 4-6.
Cult. Istria. s. and e. Sic.

25, truncatulata. Helix cylindrical, com-
pact. Suture with a broad keel. Spines re-

LEGUMINOSA, 85

flexed, hardly exceeding groove of internerve.
Its. obovate. Stip.subulate, dentate. a. 4, 5.
Fields. Sic.

26. reticulata. Helix barrel-shaped, flat-
tened at each end. Leg. obliquely reticulate.
Back triangular, pitted, tubercled. Stip. laci-
niate. Fl. 2,3. a. Cult. Near Cascastel
in the Corbicres.

G. Back of Suture 3-nerved, spinous, Spines
not furrowed.
i. Edges touching each other.

27. muricata. Prostrate. Helix subglo-
bose, (outer suture nearly flat, Guss.,) not ftu-
rowed. Spines conical. Seeds somewhat reni-
form, day. Lts. rhombeo-ovate, dentate. Stip.
ciliato-dentate, (or entire, Guss.) (Margins of
Turns not touching, Kocu.)

28. spheerocarpa. Helix subglobose, very
compact. Outer Suture thick, flat, furrowed.
Spines conical, short. ts. rhombeo-obovate.
Stip. laciniate. Stalks many-flowered. a. 4, 5.
fields. s. Hur.

29. oliviformis. “Villous. Helix cylin-
drico-ellipsoid. Outer Suture at last flattened,
l-nerved. Spinules thick, conical, straight.
Stalks 1-2-flowered. Stip. dentato-ciliate. a.
4,5. Fields. s.Sic.’—Guss. The descrip-
tion indicates this to be very near to M.
spheerocarpa.

30. WEurex. Villous. Helix cylindrical,
flat at each end, compact, hairless. Outer Su-
ture broad, keeled. Spines subadpressed. a.
4,5. s. Sic.

?

ii. Hdges not touching.

31. tribuloides. Prostrate, hairy. Helix
cylindrical, of five turns. Leg. lacunoso-rugose,
with radiating veins in the middle. Middle
nerve narrow, rising above insertion of the
thick, divergent, hooked, and generally groove-
less spines. Stalks 1—2-flowered, much shorter
than L. Standard twice as long as keel. Stip.
laciniato-dentate. a.4,5. Fields. s. Hur. In-
cludes M. Murex of Gussone.

32. littoralis. Helix cylindrical, compact.
Suture broad, from the large, rounded, lateral
nerves. Turns about 5. Spies radiating, very
slightly grooved. Veins few, radiating, not
prominent. Fl.2-6. Standard equal to keel.
Stip. ovate, setaceo-dentate. a.4-6. Sandy
shores. s. Hur. Includes M. arenaria.

33. Gerardi. Prostrate. Helix compact,
oblate, veinless, covered (with glandular hairs,

Guss.) with small points, and often with tufts
of hairs. Suture thick, rounded. Upper spines
not grooved, hooked. a. 4, 5. Uneult. s. Kur.
Includes M. agrestis.

34, neglecta. “ Villous. Helix globoso-
ellipsoid, closely covered with glandular hairs,
compact. Outer suture acute, pitted. Spines
spreading. Stip. ciliato-dentate. Stalks 1-
flowered, exceeding L. a. 4,5. Low fields.
Sic.’—Guss. This and Sp. 35 are perhaps
varieties of M. Gerardi.

35. rigidula. Prostrate. Helix cylindri-
cal. (Spines hardly diverging, DC.) Lts. obo-
vate. Stip. dentate at base. Stalks 2-3-flow-
ered. a. s. Fr. Gussone considers this as
perhaps his oliviformis ; Bentham, as a variety
of Gerardi; Koch, of tribuloides, but the ri-
gidula of Thulliers he puts to M. Gerardi.

36. marina. Densely tomentose. Helix
cylindrical, rather loose. Margin obtuse. Mid-
rib almost sunk between the lateral nerves.
Veins oblique. Spines radiating, remote, some-
times wanting, not grooved. Seeds yellow.
Lts. and Stip. quite entire. Fl. numerous. p.
5, 6. Sandy shores. s. Kur. Koch says
that the helix 1s open in the centre; I find
it so only in the upper curves.

EX. Spines furrowed.

i. Back of Legume keeled.

37. lappacea. Helix loose, of 3—4 turns.
Leg. obliquely reticulate. Suture thin, some-

what acute. Spies long, hooked. Seeds
yellow. its. obcordate. Stip. ciliato-den-
tate. a.4,5. Grass and fields. Sic.

ii. Back of Legume rounded. Base of
Spines extending to centre.
a. Legume not veined on the margin.

38. minima. Helix spherical, somewhat
loose, of 3-5 turns, all armed. Leg. hairy,
veinless. Spines deeply grooved. Seeds yellow.
Lts. obovate or obcordate. Upper Stip. nearly
entire. Stalks about 3-flowered. a. 5, 6. Dry
grassy.

B. greca, DC. b. orp. Abruzzi.

y. recta, Guss. a. Leg. somewhat veined.

39. laciniata. Helix globose, compact.
Lateral Nerves small, close. Spines numerous,
straight, hooked, grooved. Seeds bay. ts.
cuneato-linear, inciso-dentate, truncate. Stip.
ciliato-dentate. a. 5,6. Port Juvenal.

40. disciformis. Helix trencher-shaped.
Turns 5; the last without spines or veins.

86 172. MEDICAGO.

Middle Nerve narrow. Spines grooved, radi-
ating; the.lower deflexed. Lits. obcordate.
Stip. dentate. a. 5,6. Unceult. Osero. It.

b. Legume veined all over.

4]. flexuosa. Smooth. Helix rather
loose, of 2 turns, depressed. Leg. reticulate.
Spines curved, short. Lts. obovate, retuse.
Stip. ciliato-dentate. Stalks many-flowered.
a. Open hills. Miseno. Matese.—TEN.

42. apiculata. Helix depressed, of 2-38
loose turns. Leg. lacunoso-reticulate. Outer
Suture thin, obtuse. Spines short, straight,
divergent. Seeds yellow. Stalks many-flow-
ered. Stip. pinnatifido-dentate. a. 4, 5. Open
grass: Nice. Sic. Var. of denticulata ? 5, 6.
Cult. Ger.

43. denticulata. Helix of 2-3 loose turns.
Leg. lacunoso-reticulate. Spines numerous,
spreading, hooked. Stip. pinnatifido-dentate.
a. 5,6. Corn. Rhine. Istr.

These three are probably one species.
44. maculata. Helix somewhat. oblate,

rather loose. of 4—5 turns. Leg. longitudinally
nerved. Spines numerous, curved, not hooked,

spreading, grooved. Stalks 1—2-flowered.
Seeds yellow. Hl. 38-5. a. 4-6. Gravelly
meadows.

45. Terebellum. Prostrate. Helix cylin-
drical, of 5 loose turns, flat at each end. Leg.
reticulate. Spines short, straight, radiate.
Seeds black. ts. obovate, retuse. Stip. cili-
ato-dentate. a. 5, 6. elds and uneult.
Spa. mdt. Fr. Cors. Sic.

46. pentacycla. Helix oblong, convex at
each end. Turns 5. Leg. lacunoso-reticulate.
Nerves nearly equal, rather close. Spines
grooved, spreading, hooked. Stip. ciliato-den-
tate. Stalks 2—5-flowered. a. Uncult. Navb.
Perp. Isl. of Hyéres.

iii. Back of Legume flattened, not occu-
pied by the spines. Helix ellipsoid, loose.
Spines reflexed.

47. tenoreana. (cancellata of Tenore.)
Midvib of Leg. much dilated. Spines slender,
subulate, slightly grooved. Veins indistinct.
Stip. dentate. Stalks 2-flowered. a. 4, 5.
Rocky. Sic. Capri.

48. przecox. Midrib of Leg. dilated. Spines
curved, grooved. Veins prominent, longitudi-
nal. Stip. ciliato-dentate. Stalks 1—2-flow-
ered. a. 3,4. Frejus.

49. coronata. Helix small, ellipsoid, very

loose. Midrib much dilated. Stip. lanceolate,
entire. Stalks 4—8-flowered, far exceeding L.
a. 5,6. Felds. mat. Fr.

I. Back \-nerved. Spines grooved, arising
Srom the back and from a lateral vein.

i. Helix trencher-shaped.

50. muricoleptis. Turns of Helix 4 or 5;
the last without spines. Spines slightly grooved.
Seeds dark chocolate. Stip. ciliato-dentate.
a. 4,5. Pastures and uncult. Rome. Sic.

ii. Helix ellipsoid or subglobose.

51. ciliaris. Prostrate. Helix ellipsoideo-
globose. Leg. membranous, coarsely reticu-
late. Margin dilated, lateral. Nerves very
small (wanting, Kocu). Spines conical, firm,
at first spreading, slightly grooved. Seeds
very large, black. Stip. ciliato-dentate. a.
4,6. Grassy coasts. Sic.

“Procumbent. Stalks
about 2-flowered. Helix hairy, ovato-disci-
form? Leg. obliquely reticulate. Margin
thin? Spines thick, straight, grooved at base,
adpressed. Lts. obovate, dentate. Stip. ciliato-
dentate. a.5,6. Melds. mdt. Fr. According
to Lam., perhaps a variety of ciliaris.°—DC.

52. intertexta.

53. carstiensis. “ Stalks many-flowered,
about equalling L. Helix hairless, ovato-cy-
lindrical. Turns about 5. Veins radiating in
the middle, reticulate. Margin shghtly chan-
neled. Spines setaceous, straight, divergent.
Stip. acutely dentate. ts. obovate, retuse.
p.5,6. Rough hills. Carniola. lower Styria.
Carinthia. adr. G.””—Kocu.

54. crinita. Helix ellipsoid, hairless, com-
pact. Turns 5. Spines setaceous, straight,
adpressed, exceeding helix. ts. rhombeo-
obovate. Stip. inciso-dentate. Sic. Var. of
M. Kchinus ?—Guss.

55. Echinus. Prostrate. Helix subglo-
bose. Turns 7, strongly veined. Spines
curved, grooved, adpressed, exceeding helix,
very numerous. Stip. lanceolate, somewhat
ciliato-dentate. Seeds black. a. 4,5. Corn
and grass. Nice. Sic. and K. Nap.

173. TRIGONELLA.

1. Foenum-greecum. Leg. falcate, twice
as long as beak. Seeds about 20, large, ovoid.
Fl. sessile, solitary or in pairs. Lts. denticulate.
a. 6,7. Fields. Mtp. The black fields in Mor.

2. gladiata. (prostrata, DC.) Leg. falcate,
longer than beak. Seeds 6 (about 10, Kocu),

LEGUMINOS/. 87

small. Fl. sessile, solitary. Lis. acutely ser-
rate. a.6, 7. Open stony. waidt. Fr. Veglia.

3. monspeliaca. Leg. crowded ina sessile
wmbel, curved, compressedly cylindrical, divari-
cate. Stip. lineari-subplate. a. 5,6. Dry.
Paris. s. Fr.

4. polycerata. Leg. nearly sessile, in a
sessile umbel, erect, nearly straight, lear.
Stip. lanceolate. a. Nice. Prov. Lang.

5. ornithopodioides. Prostrate. Leg.
compressed, somewhat falcate, twice as long as
calyx. Fl. 2-4, in a stalked umbel. Lts.
denticulate. Stip. entire, very acute. a. 6,7.
Barren pastures. Norm. Lorr. Anjou. Pyr.
Eng. rare.

6. hybrida. Leg. stalked, falcate, reticu-
lato-venose. FI. 2-5, in a stalked raceme.
Stip. denticulate. Lts. entire. p. 6. Corbiéres.
Bayonne.

7. corniculata. Erect. Leg. compressed,
declined, somewhat falcate, transversely veined.
Rac. many-flowered. Stem erect. a. 6, 7.
Uncult. Prov. Nice. s. Dau. It. Fiume.

174. MELILOTUS.

A. Legume beaked, and longitudinally

nerved.

1. czerulea. Leg. oblongo-obovate. Seeds
2. Rac. subrotund, stalked. Fl. erect. Lower
Stip. dilated at base. a. 6,7. Meadows in
the Wochein in Carniola.

2. uncinata. Leg. ovate, l-seeded. Beak
curved. Fl. ima dense spike. a. Libourne
near Bordeaux.

3. littoralis. Leg. attenuate at each end,
transversely reticulate. Umbel stalked. (Stalks
spinous, DC.) a. 4, 5. Stony coasts. Santa
Croce near the Torre del Bracetto, s, Sic.

DC. joins these three to Trigonella.

B. Legume lacunoso-rugose.

4. officinalis. Leg. ellipsoid, somewhat
gibbous, mucronate. Seeds 2, unequally cor-
date, quite smooth. Wings equalling standard
and keel. Teeth of Cal. unequal. Stip. entire,
setaceous. Jits. oblongo-lanceolate, obtuse. a.
7,8. Waste.

5. dentata. Leg. ovoid, somewhat acute,
compressed on the upper suture. Seeds 2,
smooth. Wings shorter than standard, ex-
ceeding keel. Stip. inciso-dentate. Lis. ob-
Jongo-lanceolate, irregularly subspinuloso-ser-
rate. a. b. 7-9. Meadows and uncult. e. G.

“ Not the Kochiana of DC,’ Kocn; but the
descriptions are similar.

6. arvensis. Leg. ellipsoid, mucronate,
hairless. Seed 1, oval, smooth. Keel shorter
than wings and standard. Stip. setaceous, en-
tire. Lts. of lower L. obovate; of upper nearly
lanceolate. p. 6-8. Melds. Fr.

7. altissima. (macroriiza, Kocu.) Leg.
ellipsoid, acuminate, hairy. Seed 1, broadly
oval, finely dotted. Wings and Keel equalling

standard. Stip. setaceous, entire. Lts. of
lower L. oblong; of upper linear. p. 6-8.

Fields. Fr. G.

8. alba. Leg. subglobose, acuminate, hair-
less. Seed 1, oval, finely dotted. Wings and
Keel shorter than standard. Stip. setaceous,
quite entire. Lts. oblongo-lanceolate ; of lower
L. obovate. b. 7-9. Uncult. m. Eur.

9. parviflora. Leg. globose, very obtuse.
Seed 1, closely adhering to legume, dotted.
Keel and Wings nearly as long as standard.
Flowers minute, in a dense spike. Stip. lineari-
setaceous. Lower Lts. obovate; upper oblong.
a.6;, 7. Culé. s. Bur:

10. gracilis. Leg. globose, very obtuse,
hairless. Seeds 1 or 2, subglobose, compressed,
dotted. Wings equal to keel and standard.
Teeth of Cal. nearly equal, hardly shorter than
tube. Stip. somewhat setaceous. Lis. obovate,
narrow. a.5,6. Stony. mdt. Fr. It. Istr.

ll. elegans. Leg. ovoid, plicato-rugose,
somewhat lacunose. Seed 1, adhering to le-
gume, subglobose, hardly retuse, finely dotted.
Teeth of Cal. nearly as long as tube. b.?
Cors. Seems from description very near to
M. parviflora.

12. italica. Leg. globose, vermiculato-
rugose, somewhat corky. Seeds 1 or 2, sub-
globose, compressed, dotted. Wings and Keel
equal, shorter than standard. Teeth of Cal.

unequal. Stip. lanceolate, acute, somewhat
laciniate at base. its. obovato-subrotund. a.
4,5. Rome. Ostia. Cors. Sic.

C. Legume arcuato-rugose.

13. suleata. Leg. ovoideo-subglobose.
Seeds 1 or 2, suborbicular, finely dotted. Fl.
not crowded. Stip. lmeari-subulate, laciniato-
dentate. Lts. obovate; uppermost nearly
linear. a. 3-5. Uncult. Mtp. Bord. It.

14. compacta. Leg. obovoid, tiled down-
wards. Seed 1, finely dotted. Teeth of Cal.
nearly equal. Fl. crowded. Stip. subulate,
laciniato-dentate. Lts. obovato-cuneate, some-

88 174. MELILOTUS.

what truncate. a. 4, 5. Moist meadows.

Sie.—Guss.

15. infesta. Leg. subglobose, 1-2-seeded,
shorter than its stalk. Teeth of Cal. unequal.
Wings half as long as standard and keel! Fi.
imbricate. Stip. subulate, laciniato-dentate.
Lts. obovate and oblongo-cuneate. a. 4, 5.
Fields. Sie.

16. messanensis. Leg. unequally lan-
ceolate, acute at each end. Seed 1, subovoid,
compressed, large, black, dotted. Teeth of Cal.
nearly equal. Rac. few-flowered. Stip. broad
and dentate at base, linear above. Lts. obovato-
cuneate. a. 4, 5. Meadows. w. Sic. Lue.
Toulon.

175. TRIFOLIUM.

A. Calyx sessile, without bracts.
with a hairy or callous ring.

Mouth

i. Calyx with 20 nerves.

a. Teeth nearly equal. Sp. 1-6.
b. Lower Tooth twice as long as others.
Sp. 7-9.
ii. Calyx with 10 nerves.

a. Heads terminal, on a leafy stem or
branch. Sp. 10-14.

b. Heads terminal, on a nearly naked
branch. This division it is not easy to
characterize. The, heads are partly
terminal, and in that case there is a
pair of L. not distant from them ; and
partly on lateral branches, which are
naked except in having such a pair of
L. Where these L. are close to the
head, the latter is usually said to be
sessile; where more distant, it is
described as stalked. It is the presence
of these L. on the axillary flower-stalks
which distinguishes this section from
the next. In 7. stellatum, however,
there is only a single L. near the head,
and even this is sometimes wanting ;
and in 7. striatum it seems that the
flower-stalk is sometimes naked.

* Teeth reticulato-venose. Sp. 15.

** Teeth unequal, 3-nerved. Sp.16—20.

*** Teeth very unequal, only the
largest 3-nerved. Sp. 21-24.

**** Teeth 1-nerved, on a somewhat
triangular base.

+ Fl. large. Teeth setaceous. Sp.
25-29.

+7 Fil. small. Teeth subulate. Sp.
30-33.
c. Heads terminal and axillary, on naked
stalks.
* Heads froma pair of L, Sp. 34-37.
** Heads from a single L. Sp. 38-40.
d. Axillary Heads sessile. Sp. 41-43.
B. Calyx sessile, without bracts, not inflated ;
the mouth open. Sp. 44.
©. Calyx inflated after flowering !
i. Calyx hairy, 2-lipped; the upper alone
inflated.

a. Calycesbent downafterflowering, form-
ing an even, globose head. Sp. 45-47.

b. Calyces spreading after flowering, form-
ing a stellate head. Sp. 48, 49.

ii. Calyx hairless. Teeth nearly equal.
Tube inflated. Sp. 50-52.

D. Calyx not inflated. Strie numerous.
Stalks furnished with bracteoles. Sp. 53.
E. Calyx 10-ribbed (as in all the following).
Bracteoles nearly sessile. Sp. 54-56.
EF. Hl. in heads. Calyx on a slender brac-
teolate stalk. Teeth equal, or two upper
longest.
i. Stalks shorter than tube of calyx. Sp.
57-60
ii. Inner Stalks about equal to tube of calyx.
Sp. 61-63.
iii. Inner Stalks much longer than tube of

calyx. Sp. 64-69.

G. FI. solitary, or in a lax umbel. Calyx on
bracteolate stalks. Fl. large, coriaceous,
persistent ; purple or white. Sp. 70-73.

EX. FI. yellow, scored, deflexed. Upper Teeth
shorter.

i. L. pinnato-ternate. Sp. 74-77.

ii. All L. ternate. Sp. 78-83.

A. Calyx sessile, not inflated after flowering,
without bracts. Mouth with a callous
or hairy ring.

i. Calyx 20-nerved.
a. Teeth nearly equal.
1. congestum. Plant very compact.
Teeth of Cal. rigid, subulate, equalling corolla.
Tube very villous. Heads subglobose, crowded,

bracteate. Stip. acuminate, scariose. Lis.
obcordato-cuneiform. a. 4,5. Clay uncult. Sic.

2. lappaceum. Diffuse. Teeth of Cal.

LEGUMINOS A.

subulato-filiform, equalling corolla. Tube
hairless. Its. obovate, denticulate. All Stip.
acuminate ; the upper not close to the head of
flowers. a. 5,6. Dry. s. Hur.

3. Cherleri. Diffuse. Teeth of Cal. weak,
filiform, exceeding corolla, twice as long as
villous tube. Bracteate Stip. rounded, with
radiating nerves, generally without tails, close
to the head. a. 5,6. Sandy. s. Kur.

4. hirtum. Villous, diffuse. Teeth of Cal.
filiform, nearly equalling monopetalous corolla,
three times as long as tube. Stip. with subu-
late tails ; the upper close to the globose head.
Lts. obovate. Seed 1, regularly ovate. £7.
purple. a. 5,6. rare. Mtp. Rous. It.

5. villosum. ‘“ Stem with adpressed hairs.
Heads globose, bracteate, solitary, termi-
nal. Teeth of Cal. setaceous, half as long as
corolla, very villous. Stip. ovate, awned. Its.
obovate, denticulate. FV. straw-coloured. a.
5. Sandy fields. Fiume Grande near Termini.”
—Guss. from PRESL.

6. diffusum. Villous. Teeth of Cal.
shorter than monopetalous corolla. — Stip.
narrow, with lineari-lanceolate tail. Lts. ovato-
lanceolate, obtuse. Head ovate. Leg. circum-
sciss. Seeds 2, irregularly obcordate. a. 7.
Sandy. Near Paris.—DC.

b. Lowermost Tooth of Calyx at least twice

as long as others.

7. arachnoideum. Hairy. Lower Tooth
only twice as long as others, equalling co-
rolla: Stip. acuminate. Lts. obcordate, quite
entire. a. 5. Sandy. Fiume Grande near
Termini.

8. alpestre. Lower Tooth three or four
times as long as others, shorter than mono-
petalous corolla; the four shorter hardly as
long as tube. Heads subglobose, often in pairs.
Stip. scariose, narrow, with a long, linear tail.
p. 7. Hills. G.

9. rubens. (Cal. without glands, DC.)
Lower Tooth three or four times as long as
others, hardly equalling monopetalous corolla ;
the four shorter not half as long as tube.
Spike oblong. Stip. large, leafy. Tail lan-
ceolate. Ls. obtuse, deeply denticulate. p. 6.
Shady hills. s. andm. Kur. Not in Sicily.

i. Calyx 10-nerved.

a. Heads terminal, on a leafy stem or
branch.

10. purpureum. Lower Tooth of Cal.

89

much Jonger than others, but falling far short
of corolla. Stip. narrow. ‘Tail setiform. Lis.
lineari-lanceolate, acute. Upper L. separate
from head. a. 6, 7. Dry. Port Juvenal
near Mtp. Scaudicci Alto near Florence.

ll. angustifolium. Tecth of Cal. nearly
equal, longer than tube, pungent, nearly equal-
ling corolla. Stip. very long and narrow. Lts.
lineari-lanceolate, very acute. 7. purple. @
5,6. Dry hills. s. Kur.

12. intermedium. Teefh of Cal. nearly
equal, longer than tube, nearly equalling corolla,
not pungent. Stip. with short tails. Lts.
lanceolate. J. white. a. 4-6. Sandy fields.
s. Sic. Ln appearance between'T. angustifolium
and 'T. arvense.

13. incarnatum. Teeth of Cal. nearly
equal, filiformi-subulate, longer than tube, fall-
ing short of corolla. Stip. broad and short,
somewhat sphacelate at tip. Lts. obcordato-
subrotund. FY. scarlet. a. 5,6. Meadows.
s. Eur.

B. Molinert. Fl. pale. Throat without
hairs. Stip. narrow, ovate, acute.

14. agopus. Very hirsute. Cal. cylin-
drical. Teeth setaceous, equal to, not longer
than tube, shorter than corolla. Stip. ovate,
prolonged. Lts. obovato-cuneate, denticulate.
a. Silain Calabria. There is sometimes a
secondary head.

b. Heads terminal, on a nearly naked
branch. (See observations in the tabular
view of the genus. |

* Teeth reticulato-venose, somewhat 3-nerved.

15. stellatum. Teeth of Cal. equal, subu-
late, equalling corolla. Upper L. single, distant
from head. Stip. broad, obovate, serrulate.
Lts. obcordate. a.6, 7. Barren. s. Hur.
In one place in England.

** All Teeth of Calyx 3-nerved ; lowermost
somewhat longer.

16. maritimum. Teeth of Cal. rigid,
triangular ; lowermost somewhat defléexed,
shorter than tube. Tube conical, with a
callous swelling below the teeth. Stip. lmeari-
subulate. ts. obovate. a. 5,6. Meadows
and banks.

17. Satardii. Teeth of Cal. rigid, subu-
late, as long as tube in the flower, shorter in the
fruit. Heads ovate. Stip. small. Tail lineari-
subulate. its. obovato-oblong. a. e. Pyr.
Probably a var. of T. maritimum.

90 175. TRIFOLIUM.

18. clypeatum. “Teeth of Cal. ovato-
lanceolate, acute, at last spreading ; lowermost
very large. (Cor. very large, Linn. Herba-
rium.) Stem ascending. Stip. ovate. Lis.
obovate, obtuse. a.6. FV. purple. Mont
Louis and St. Beat in the Pyr. Bonifacio in
Cors.”—Lots.

19. squarrosum. Teeth of Cal. triangu-
lar ; shorter equalling tube; lowermost twice
as long, at last recurved. Heads ovate. Stip.
somewhat membranous, with long acumen.
Lts. lanceolate ‘or oval. FV. white. a. 5, 6.
Cult. It.

20. alexandrinum. Cal. of Fr. ovato-
campanulate, membranous. ‘Teeth somewhat
falcate, soft ; (two upper united, DC. ;) lower-
most inflexed. Lts. oblong or lanceolate.
Standard twice keel. a. 6,7. Clay. Between
Pantaleone and Zaule near Trieste. The Spect-
men in Linneus’s Herbarium has axillary
naked heads from a pair of L., and vs nearer to
supinum ¢haz to maritimun.

*** Towermost teeth 3-nerved, others 1-
nerved, half as long. Fl. white or yellowish.

21. longestipulatum. “Lower teeth
equalling monopetalous corolla. Heads ovate,
not far from upper pair of L. Stip. narrow.
Tails lineari-subulate. Lts. oblongo-elliptic.
a.5. Melds and pastures. Bonifacio.”—Lots.

22. pannonicum. Very hairy. Cal. glan-
dular. Teeth setaceous, equalling tube; lower-
most falling short of corolla. Heads ob-
longo-oval, distant from pair of L. Stip. with
avery long, linear tail. Lis. oblongo-lanceolate,

ciliate, nearly entire. p. 7, 8. Meadows.
Pdm. Carniola.
B. barbatum. Cal. densely silky. Lis. lan-
ceolate. Mtp.

23. cinctum. Lowermost Teeth of Cal.
very large, but falling far short of corolla.
Heads ovate, stalked. Stip. broad, nervose ;
the upper somewhat palmate. Its. oblong,
villous. a. Mtp.

24. ochroleucum. Lowermost Teeth of
Cal. equalling tube, about half as long as co-
rolla. Heads oval, nearly sessile. Stip. narrow,
nervose. Tail lanceolato-subulate. Lis. oblong.
p. 7. Dry meadows.

**** Tooth |-nerved, on a triangular base,
which often has 3 nerves.

+ Flower large, three or four times tube of
calyx. Teeth setaceous.

25. medium. lLowermost Tooth of Cal.

twice as long as upper, falling short of mono-
petalous corolla. Side teeth intermediate.
Head lax, stalked. Stip. tapering into subu-
late tail. Lts. oblong. p. 6,7. Shade.

26. pratense. 4 Cal. Teeth equal; lower-
most twice as long, shorter than monopetalous
corolla. Heads full, subglobose, nearly sessile.
Stip. broad, with abrupt, setaceous tail. Lis.
elliptico-oblong, nearly entire. p. 6, 7. Woods
and pastures.

B. microphyllum. I, smaller, denticulate. -

27. noricum. ‘Teeth of Cal. lineari-seta-
ceous, not very unequal; lowermost half as
long as corolla. Heads globose, sessile, nod-
ding. Stip. ovate, with triangular acumen.
Its. oblongo-lanceolate, quite entire. p. 7.
High. Alps. of Tyr. and Carniola.

28. pallidum. All Cal. Teeth nearly equal,
longer thantube, and shorter than monopetalous
corolla. Heads subglobose, sessile, erect. Stip.
broad, with setaceous tail. Lts. elliptico-sub-
rotund, denticulate. Hairs spreading. (Seeds
2? Guss.) a. b. 5,6. Meadows. It. Trieste.

29. flavescens. “Cal. Teeth nearly equal,
shorter than monopetalous corolla. Heads
globose, sessile, erect. Stip. broad, with seta-
ceous tail. Ls. obovate ; of upper L. denticu-
late. a.b. 5,6. Open woods. Sic.”—Guss.
Habit of T. pratense, but Fl. always yellow-
ish, and Cal. Teeth nearly equal.

tt Flower small, hardly twice as long as
tube of calyx. Teeth subulate, nearly
equal. :

30. saxatile. Cal. villous. Teeth erect, as
long as corolla. Heads lax, subglobose, sessile.
Stip. ovate. Acumen triangular. Lts. very
small, cuneate, retuse. (a. orb. DC. p. Kocu.)
7,8. Very high stony. Vall. Simp. Dau.

31. Bocconii. Teeth of Cal. shorter than
tube, equalling corolla; porrect in the fruit.
Heads generally in pairs. Stip. with lanceo-
lato-subulate tail. Lts. broad, obovate, den-
ticulate at top. a. 7. Dry. s. Hur. Cornwall.

32. striatum. Teeth of Cal. half as long
as tube, spreading in the fruit. Heads ovoid,
compact, on short branches, aud apparently
axillary. Stip. broad, with short acumen.
Lts. broad, obovate, denticulate at top. a. 6.
Dry.

The above is the usual form. I have it :—

1. Heads ovate, single, from 1 or 2 L.

2. Heads cylindrical, each from its L.

3. Heads in pairs, each with its L.

LEGUMINOS®.

4. Some of the heads on axillary naked
stalks.
In the Specimen in Linneus’s Herbarvun,
marked 28, the lowermost tooth is rather
longer than the tube.

33.tenuiflorum. Villous. Lowermost'Tooth
of Cal. longest, as long as tube and equalling
corolla; all spinescent. Heads oblong, sessile
on short branches, and apparently axillary.
Lower Stip. lanceolate ; upper ovate, mucro-
nate. Lts. obovato-cuneate, serrulate. Stem
erect. a. 4-6. Open woods. Nap. Sic.

ce. Some Heads terminal, others axillary,
on noked stalks.

* Axillary Heads from a pair of L.

34. obscurum. Villous. Cal. Teeth nearly
equal, lanceolate, acuminate, longer than tube.
(3-nerved. Callus nearly hairless, Guss.) Stip.
membranous, ciliate. Tail triangular. Lts.
obovate or lanceolate, entire. a. Florence.
very Tare.

35. leucanthum. “ Villous. Cal. Teeth
nearly equal, lineari-lanceclate, longer than
tube, shorter than corolla, nearly 1-nerved.
Mouth closed with dense hairs. Heads often
in pairs, naked or leafy. Stip. with lanceolate
tails. Lts. obovate or oblong. Seed1. a.4, 5.
Meadows and dry pastures. Sic.”’—Guss.

36. supinum. Cal. Teeth unequal, 2, 2,
and 1; upper shorter than tube. Stip. small,
subulate. L. obovate, ciliate. a.6, 7. Clayey
banks. vodt. Fr. It.

57. latinum. Cal. Teeth unequal, 4 and 1;
all longer than tube. Stip. linear, acute. L.
lanceolate. a.6. Woods. Macchia de Mattei
near Rome.

** Axillary Heads from a single L.

38. arvense. ‘Tube of Cal. ovoid. Teeth
equal, setaceous, exceeding polypetalous corolla.
Heads at last cylindrical, on long stalks.
Stip. hairy, membranous, nervose, with very
long, subulate tail. Lis. lineari-spatulate. a.
7-9. elds and sandy.

39. phieoides. Tubeof Cal. cylindrical, not
closed. Teeth equal, subulate, diverging, longer
than tube, shorter than corolla. Heads sub-
globose. Stip. somewhat membranous, with
short subulate tail. Lts. obovato-denticulate.
a. 5,6. Open hills, It. Sic.

40. ligusticum. Tube of Cal. conical.
Teeth equal, subulate, longer than tube, shorter

N 2

91

than corolla.
Stip. small, with subulate tail.
a. 6, 7. It.

d. Axillary Heads sessile.
“Cal. Teeth hirsute,

Heads oblong, often in pairs.
Lits. obovate.

41. dalmaticum.

triangular, about equalling corolla. Heads
simple, cylindrical, mostly terminal. Plant

erect. Stip. with short, lanceolate tails. Lts.
obovate. a. 4,5. Open hills. Monti della
Piana e delle Rose, Sic.””—Guss.

42. seabrum. Cal. Teeth unequal, rigid,
and recurved in fruit, equalling corolla. Heads
simple, ovate, almost all axillary. Plant pros-
trate. Stip. with short tails. Lits. obovato-
denticulate. a.5,6. Dry hills.

43. suffocatum. Cal. nearly smooth,
membranous. ‘Teeth nearly equal, lanceolate,
recurved, far exceeding corolla. Heads com-
pound. LL. springing from among the flowers.
Plant compact. Stip. scariose. Ls. obcordate,
denticulate. a. 4-6. Sandy shores. Eng.
mdt. Fr. Istr. It.

B. Calyx sessile, without bracts; not in-
flated. Mouth open.

44. subterraneum. Cal. finely. striate,
thickened on back after flowering. Teeth much
shorter than corolla. Heads with a crown of
abortive flowers. a. 5. Sandy pastures. Eng.
w. ands. Fr, It. Not im Germany, except on
the Adriatic.

CS. Calyx inflated after flowering ! sessile,
or nearly so.
i. Calyx hairy, 2-lipped; the upper alone
inflated.
a. Calyces bent down after flowering.
Heads evenly globose.

45. Gupani. Lower Lip of Cal. as long as
upper, even when in fruit. Plant decumbent,
(not creeping,) hairless. Heads globose, stalked.
p. 5,6. Open pastures. Sic.

46. fragiferum. Lower Lip of Cal. of Fr.
much shorter than the upper. Heads evenly
globose on long stalks. Plant creeping. p.
5-8. Clay meadows. ;

B. Bonanni. The two longer teeth connivent.
Sic.

47. tomentosum. Upper Lip of Cal. of
Fr. not much longer than lower. Stalk of
Heads shorter than that of L. Stip. with short,
lanceolate tail. its. sharply serrulate. a. 5.
Dry. s. Huy.

92 175. TRIFOLIUM.

b. Calyces spreading after flowering, and
gwing a star-like appearance to the head
of fruit.

48. abbreviatum, J. W. Upper Lip. of
Cal. about three times as long as lower when
in fruit. Head-stalk shorter than L., somewhat
recurved in fruit. Stip. lmeari-lanceolate, acute.
Lts. acutely serrulate. a. 4-6. s. Eur.

49. resupinatum. Upper Lip of Cal.
about four times as long as lower in the fruit.
Head-stalk exceeding L., straight. Stip. lineari-
lanceolate, acute. Lts. acutely serrulate. a. 4-6.
Meadows and uncult. s. Kur. This is sua-
veolens of Guss., as the preceding is the resu-
pinatum of DC.

i. Calyx hairless. Teeth nearly equal.
Tube inflated.

50. spumosum. Cal. of Fr. scariose,
nerved, and veined. Teeth not half as long as
tube. Seeds 4. Heads ovate, nearly sessile.
Stem branched, spreading. Stip. broad, united
only at base, very acute. Lts. obovate, nearly
entire. a. 4,5. Open hills. Tuse. Sic.

51. multistriatum. Cal. of Fr.with about
25 nerves, and hardly any connecting veins.
Teeth setaceous, as long as tube. Bracts ovate,
equalling tube of calyx. Tails of Stip. lanceo-
lato-subulate. Lts. obovate or oblong, sharply
serrate. a. 8. Shore. ‘Trieste.

52. vesiculosum. Cal. of Fr. with con-
necting veins between the nerves. Teeth as
long as tube. Seeds 2. Heads ovate, on a long
stalk. 7. purple. Stem firm, erect. Stip.
connate, somewhat membranous, with long
tail. Lts. lanceolate, acutely serrate. a. 4, 5.
Dry thickets. Sylva Sacra. Sic.

D. Calyx not inflated. Strie numerous.
Stalks bracteolate.

53. mutabile. “ Erect. Cal. hairless. Teeth
setaceous, equal, at last recurved, falling short
of corolla. ‘Tails of Stip. setaceous. Ls. el-
liptico-lanceolate ; of lowest L. obovate, arista-
to-serrate. a.5,6. Sandy thickets. Sic. Habit
of 'T. vesiculosum.”—Guss.

E. Calyx 10-ribbed, bracteolate, sessile, or
on a short thick stalk.

54. isthmocarpon. Hairless. Stemas-
cending. Cal. Teeth nearly equal, somewhat
recurved, falling short of corolla. Leg. 2-3-
seeded, contracted in the middle. Heads
stalked. Stip. scariose. lLts. obovate, serru-
late. a.4,5. Open, grassy. Between Aleamo
and Calatafiumi, Sic. Lzke T. nigrescens.

55. strictum. Cal. hairless. Tube conical.
Teeth nearly equal, longer than tube. Heads
axillary, stalked. Leg. 2-seeded, not contracted.
Stip. somewhat scariose. Ls. oblongo-elliptic,
serrulate. a.5. Grass. m.and s. Hur. occ.

56. glomeratum. Cal. hairless. Teeth
ovate, acuminate, spreading, shorter than poly-
petalous corolla. Heads globose, sessile. Stip.
scariose, with long acumen. Lis. obovate,
acutely dentate. a.5,6. Dry, uncult. Eng.
s. Fr, Istria. It. ;

FE. Mowers in heads. Calyx on a slender,
bracteolate stalk. Teeth equal, or the
two upper longest. Mouth open.

i. Stalks shorter than tube of calyx.

57. parviflorum. Diffuse. Cal. bursting
by the ripening legume! Upper Teeth of Cal.
exceeding corolla. Heads axillary, stalked and
sessile. Stip. scariose. its. obovate, acutely
serrate. a.6. Open hills. Halle. Prague.

58. montanum. Hrect. Cal. deflexed after
flowering. Teeth as long as tube. Heads
axillary and terminal, globose, afterwards ob-
long. Stip. lanceolate, acute. Ls. elliptico-
oblong, obtuse, denticulate. Seed 1. p. 5-7,
Ihil meadows. Not British.

59. rupestre. Diffuse. Cal. deflexed after
flowering. ‘Teeth of Cal. longer than tube.
Heads hemispherical, all terminal. LL. nearly
all radical. Lts. oval, denticulate. Mont La-
chen in Pyr.—Srer. Monte Cornu in the
Abruzzi.i—Tren. Query if the same.

60. czeespitosum. Tufted. Cal. not de-
flexed. Teeth equal to tube, and reaching to
two-thirds of corolla and to legume. Stip.
seariose. Lis. obovate, denticulate. p. 7, 8.
Mountain pastures. Alps.

ii. Inner stalks about as long as tube of
calyx.

61. Bivonze. “ Hairless. Stalk, tube, and
teeth of Cal. all equal, and half as long as co-
rolla; two upper broader. Stems numerous,
diffuse. Stip. sheathing, scariose. Lts. oblongo-
cuneate. Seeds 1,2. Grassy hills. Fl. pink.
Sic.’ —Guss.

62. pallescens. Cal. Teeth ovato-lanceo-
late, about one-third of corolla; two upper
longer. Stem tufted, decumbent. Tail of Stip.
ovato-lanceolate, very acute. Iits. obovate, ser-
rulate. Fl. white or yellowish. p. 7-9. Hugh
pastures. e. Alps. Mt. Ventous.

63. minutum. Cal. Teeth lanceolato-su-

LEGUMINOS AS. 93

bulate ; the upper longer and recurved. Cor.
persistent. Standard with a long claw, emar-
ginate, bent down after the flowering, dilated
at the end. Style hooked, continued from the
nearly straight lower margin of the legume.
Stems numerous, diffuse. Tail of Stip. lineari-
subulate, herbaceous. a. s. ands. w. Fr.—
Extracted from Cosson, who gives no character.

iii. Inner stalks much longer than tube of
“alye.

64. repens. Cal. Teeth lanceolate, decidedly
shorter than tube, about half as long as co-
rolla. Stem solid, creeping. Stip. scariose, with
abrupt acumen. Its. obovate, serrulate. p.
5-9. Meadows, Sve.

65. nigrescens. Cal. Teeth triangular,
decidedly shorter than tube, about half as long
as corolla. Stem solid, ascending. Stip. broad.
Lts. oblong, acutely denticulate. Leg. some-
what exsert, (crenate cn lower margin, Kocu.)
Seeds 4. a.38-5. Meadows and fields. s. Kur.

66. hybridum. Cal. Teeth subulate, about
equal to tube, half as long as corolla. Stem hol-
low, ascending. Stip. ovate, with sharp acu-
men. Lts. rhombeo-elliptic, obtuse, serrulate,
with 20 or 30 veins at margin on each side.
p. 5-8. Moist meadows. Ger.

67. elegans. Cal. Teeth setaceous, some-
what longer than tube, shorter than corolla.
Stem solid, ascending. Stip. leafy, with long,
narrow acumen. ILits. obovate, denticulate, with
40—60 veins at margin on each side. Seeds 2.
p. 6,7. Hills. s. Hur.—Kocu.

68. angulatum. Cal. Teeth setaceous,
twice as long as tube, nearly equalling scored
corolla. Stem angular, solid, decumbent. Stip.
scariose. Lis. obovate, acutely serrate. Leg.
exsert. Seeds 4, yellowish. a.4,5. Grassy
fills. Mtp. Monti San Giuliano and Calata-
fimi in Sic. ?

69. michelianum. Cal. Teeth setaceous,
three or four times as long as tube, about half
as long as corolla. Stem hollow, ascending.
Stip. leafy, lanceolate, acute. Lts. obovate,
serrulate. Leg.exsert. Seeds 2. a.5. Moist
meadows. Nantes. Pisa.

G. Flowers not in heads. Calyces on bracteo-
late stalks. lower large, coriaceous,
persistent, purple or white.

70. savianum. Fl. 1 or 2. Stalks shorter
than calyx, recurved and thick when in fruit.
Cal. Teeth acute, recurved. Stip. scariose, white.
Lts. elliptic, nerveless, with long acumen.

Seeds 5-7.
nici Bafia, Sic.

p. 5,6. Dry, open. Manda-

71. uniflorum. Fl. 1 or 2. Stalks longer
than tube of calyx, slender. Cal. cylindrical.
Teeth short, subulate, equal. Stip. sheathing,
with long acwnen. Lts. ovate, acuminate.
Seeds 2. p. 5, 6. Dry, open. Mars.

72. alpinum. fF. in umbels, with an in-
ferior whorl. Cal. campanulate. Teeth equal,
setaceous, very long, falling short of corolla.
Stip. linear, acute. L. on long stalks, Lits. 3,
lineari-lanceolate, denticulate. Seeds 2. p.
6-8. High. w.and m. Alps.

73. Inupinaster. Fl. in umbels. Cal.
campanulate. Teeth longer than tube, shorter
than corolla. Stip. membranous, broad, acu-
minate. IL. sessile. lLits. 3-5, lineari-lanceo-
late, mucronate, acutely denticulate. p. Dry
hills. Sic.?

EL. [ower yellow (except im T. speciosum),
more or less scored, defleced after
flowering (except im 'T. filiforme). Two
upper teeth of Calyx shorter.

i. L. pinnato-ternate. Upper teeth of Calyx
very short.

74, speciosum. Fl. purple, on short stalks.
Standard broadly obovate, finely serrulate.
Stip. ciliate. a 5,6. Mountain pastures. Sic.

75. procumbens. Standard strongly
pinched in at base, concave above. Heads
ovoid, many-flowered. Common L.-stalk rarely
exceeding L. Leg. four times as long as style,
about half as long as standard. Stip. ovate.
a..6,.7. Grassy.

76. minus. Standard hardly scored, folded.
Heads hemispherical, about 10-flowered, on
stalks which exceed L. Stip. ovate. Leg. four
times style. a. 6,7. Gravel.

77. patens. Lower L. strictly ternate ;
upper pinnato-ternate, Standard scored, pinched
in at base, concave above. Heads on filiform
stalks which far exceed L. Stip. somewhat
cordate. Style as long as legume. Seed 1.
a. 6-8. Meadows. Fr. s. G. It.

ii. Ald L. simply ternate.

78. filiforme. Standard hardly scored,
folded, not deflexed. Upper Teeth of Cal.
shorter than tube. Heads lax, 2—7-flowered,
on slender stalks. Leg. nearly equalling
standard, four times style. Stip.oblong. a. 6, 7.
Sand or gravel. Hung. Fr. It. Trieste. This
seems to be the filiforme of the Linn. Herd.

94. 175. TRIFOLIUM.

79. Sebastiani. Standard hardly scored,
concave. Upper Teeth of Cal. twice as long
as tube. Head lax, 10—20-flowered. Fl: on
short stalks. Stip. narrow. Seed 1. a. 5, 6.
Woody hills. Rome.

80. agrarium. Standard evidently scored,

pinched in at base, concave above. Upper
Teeth of Cal. shorter than tube. Stalks at
last deflexed. Heads subrotund. Style as

long as legume. (Seeds day, irregularly cordate,

TEN.) Stip. oblongo-lanceolate. op. 6, 7.
Hills. s.and m. Eur.
81. bruttium. ‘Pubescent. Standard

broad, furrowed. Upper Teeth of Cal. very
short; lower setiferous. Heads globose, de-
pressed, on stalks which exceed L. Seeds
yellow, elliptic. Stip. leafy. a.? Dry pas-
tures. Mte. Cucuzzo in Calab. Differs from
T. agrarium, 2 2s larger F1., yellow elliptic
Seeds, and im all the Lts. being stalked.’—
TEN.

82. badium. Standard furrowed, arched
from base. Cal. hairless. The lower fruit-stalks
deflexed. Head subrotundo-ovate in fruit.
Style halfas long as legume. Upper Stip. nearly
ovate. a. 7, 8. DMowst meadows and pas-
tures. Alps.

83. spadiceum. Standard furrowed, arched
from base. F'r.-stalks deflexed. Heads in
fruit cylindrical. All Stip. oblongo-lanceolate.
a.7, 8. Boggy meadows. ¥r. G. Sw.

The following I do not know where to
place :—

84. tenuifolium. Hrect. Lower L. ob-
cordato-cuneate, upper linear, mucronate, den-
tate at top. Teeth of Cal. unequal, shorter
than monopetalous corolla. Heads oblong,
sessile, solitary or in pairs. a. Sandy fields.
s. e. Nap.—TEN.

85. incanum. Heads ovato-oblong, villous,
bracteate; terminal usually solitary. Cal.
ovate, striate, hoary, villous. Teeth setaceous,
erect, equal, exceeding corolla. Lts. obcordate,
denticulate at top. Stems diffuse. a. 6.
Sandy fields. Fiume Grande, below Polizzi.
Sic.’—Guss. from PRESL.

86. glabellum. Diffuse. Cal. angular,
smooth. ‘Teeth subulate, 1-nerved, ciliate,
equal, rigid, spreading, shorter than corolla.
Head ovato-globose, stalked. Lits. cuneato-
obovate, obtuse, somewhat denticulate. Stip.
long, lmear. Seeds ovate, acute, with a tuber-
cle on each side. Sic_—Guss. from PRESL.

87. nervosum. Erect. Somewhat branched.
Teeth of Cal. equal, lanceolato-subulate, 1-
nerved, ciliate, rigid, equalling corolla. Heads
sessile, subglobose. Lts. obcordate, pubescent,
entire. Stip. lanceolate, acuminate, nerved.
Sic.—Guss. from PRESL.

88. panormitanum. Hrect. Teeth of
Cal. setaceous, hirsute; one twice as long as
the others, and equalling corolla. Heads
stalked, subglobose. Lis: oblong, retuse, very
entire. Stip. lanceolate, ending in a long awn.—
Sic. Possibly a variety of T. squarrosum.
—Guss. from PRESL.

89. flavum. Diffuse, hirsute. Cal. villous.
Teeth subulate, equal, longer than the short
tube. Heads subglobose, on a long filiform
stalk. Lts. obcordato-ovate, denticulate; the
terminal stalked. Stip. ovate, ciliate. Belongs
to the first division of Section FX. Sic.—
Guss. from PRESL.

176. DORYCNIUM.

i. Teeth of Calyx longer than tube.

1. rectum. Erect, villous. Leg. 20-30,
slender, three times as long as calyx. Stalk
longer than calyx, I. stalked. Lis. obovate.
Stip. cordato-ovate. p. 6,7. Moist shade.
s. Hur.

2. hirsutum. Hrect, hoary, villous. Leg.
8-15, turgid, hardly exceeding calyx. Wings
of Cor. with a longitudinal impression. Stalk
shorter than tube of calyx. IL. nearly sessile.
Lts. obovate. Stip. ovato-lanceolate. p. 5, 6.
Dry hills. s. Kur.

B. incanum. Silky. Cal. nearly sessile.
L. stalked. p. 5. Sandy shores. ¥rejus, Isl.
of Hyéres. Nice.

3. parviflorum. “ Softly villous, ascend-
ing or erect. Leg. 4-6, oblong, hardly exceed-
ing calyx. Stalk exceeding L. Teeth of Cal.
longer than tube, about equalling corolla. Lts.
oblongo-obovate; the lateral ones oblique. Stip.
ovato-oblong. Much like Lotus hispidus.”—
Guss. a. 4,5. Sandy coasts. Isl. of Hyéres.
Cors. Sic.

ii. Teeth of Calyx shorter than tube.

4, herbaceum. Herbaceous? Leg. ovate,
many-seeded, two or three times as long as
calyx. Teeth of Cal. obtuse. (Standard not
contracted in the middle-—Jorpan.) (Wings
marked with a transverse hollow.—Kocu.) Lts.
and Stip. obovate, obtuse, with spreading hairs.
p. 7. Chambéry. Grenoble. Lugano.

LEGUMINOSAE. 95

5. suffruticosum. Somewhat shrubby.
Leg. globose, 1-seeded, twice as large as calyx.
Teeth of Cal. triangular. (Standard contracted
in the middle—Jorpan.) Lts. and Stip.
lineari-lanceolate, acute, silky. w.6. Barren
hills. s. Bur. not in Sic. Koch takes no
notice of the different number of seeds in these
two species; and Jordan says of all the
species that the Leg. is usually \-seeded.

B. decumbens, Jorpan. Wing not half as
broad as standard. Stem slender at base, and
not woody.

177. LOTUS.

i. Legume turgid, curved. Flowers 1 or 2.

1. edulis. Diffuse. Leg. hairless. Seeds
punctato-rugose. Teeth of Cal. lanceolate,
three times as long as tube. Bracts ovate,

equalling calyx. a. 4,5. Dry hills on coast
of Mdt.
ii. Legume long, compressed. Flowers in
umbels.

2. ornithopodioides. Diffuse. Leg. 3-5,
somewhat jointed, curved, deflexed. Cal. 2-
lipped; lower of 3 unequal teeth. Lis. nearly
equal, on short equal stalks. Stip. ovate. a.
4,5. Barren hills. s. Kur.

3. peregrinus. Diffuse. Leg. 2—3-seeded,
jointed, straight, horizontal. Lateral Lis.

small and sessile; terminal stalked. a. s.

Eur.—DC.

iii. Leg. long, nearly cylindrical when ripe.
Style toothless.

a. Lateral Teeth of Calyx shorter.

4. cytisoides. Leg. somewhat torulose,
compressed when young. Cal. hoary. Teeth
hardly as long as tube. (Stip. oblong, as long
as the not dilated leaf-stalk—Guss., under
prostratus.) w. 5,6. Coasts of Mdt. Most
authors consider this species as somewhat
shrubby. DC. alone marks it as annual. L.
cytisoides of Guss. 1s marked by ovate stipules.

5. ereticus. Silky, diffuse. Leg. about
4-seeded, torulose, straight, nodding. Teeth
of Cal. as long as tube. Bracts terminal,
shorter than calyx. L.-stalk very short, di-
lated. w.4,5. Sandy shores. Sic.

6. pusillus. “Diffuse, hoary with ad-
pressed hairs. Leg. slender, terete, curved at
the end, at last somewhat torulose. Teeth of
Cal. as long as tube. Stalks 1—3-flowered.
Bracts ternate, lanceolate. Lowest L. obovate ;
upper oblongo-cuneate. Stip. ovate, exceeding

L.-stalk. a. 3,4. Sandy shores. s. Sic.”—
Guss.

7. coronillifolius. ‘“ Glaucous, with short
adpressed pubescence. Stems slender, much

branched. Leg. terete, straight. Seeds glo-
bose. Bracts ternate, smaller than calyx.

Stip. ovate, longer than the wingless L.-stalk.
Lts. small, thick, all obovate. p. 4, 5. Sandy

shores. Mondella at, Palermo.””—Guss.
8. patens. “Stems diffuse, produced
yearly. Hairs somewhat adpressed. Leg.

2-6, straight, hairless, Teeth of Cal. shorter
than tube. Lts. obovato-cuneate; those of
ternate Bracts and of upper L. oblongo-lan-
ceolate, acute. Stip. ovate, exceeding linear
L.-stalk. p.4,5. Grassy hills. San Mar-
tino, near Palermo, Caputo, S. Anna, Sagana,
&c., in Sicily.”—Guss.

9. commutatus. Silky. Stems few,
erect, or ascending. Leg. 2-5, straight. Bracts
ternate, lineari-spatulate, about equalling ca-
lyx. LL. spatulato-cuneate, on a short dilated
stalk. Stip. ovate. w.4,5. Sandy shores.
Trapani in the Isl. of Ronciglio.”—Guss.

b. Teeth of Calyx equal.

10. Dioscoridis. “ Branched, erect. Leg.
about 2, long, torulose. Common stalk much
exceeding L. Teeth of Cal. lanceolate, longer
than tube. Bracts ovate, longer than calyx.
Stip. ovate, shorter than L.-stalk. Lts.
obovate, emarginate, somewhat fleshy, glau-
cous. (a. Pers.) Nice.”—DC..from figure
in Alliont.

ll. angustissimus. Hairy, prostrate.
Leg. 1-8, even, hairless, five or six times calyx,
very slender; their common stalk about twice
as long as L. Teeth of Cal. hairy, longer than
tube. Bracts unequal or solitary. Stip. se-
micordate. Lts. elliptico-cuneiform, hairy. a.
5. Barren coasts. s. and m. Hur. Devonshire.

12. hispidus. Stems numerous, pros-
trate. Leg. 2-6, about three times calyx,
even, hairless, dotted. Common stalk far ex-
ceeding L. Teeth of Cal. longer than tube.
Bracts lanceolate. Stip. ovate or semicordate.
Lts. villous, cuneiform. a. 6, 7. Coasts.
Devonsh. w. ands. Fr. It. Jersey. Includes
L. parviflorus.

13. ciliatus. “ Prostrate. Leg. usually
solitary, sessile, hairless. Teeth of Cal. longer
than tube, nearly as long as corolla. LL. lan-
ceolate, smooth, ciliate, as well as calyx. (a.
Sie—DC.) Moist meadows. Calabria.” —TrEn.

96 177. LOTUS.

14. lateralis. Hairy, branched, prostrate.
Lts. obovate. Stip. and Bracts ovato-lanceo-
late, somewhat acute. Teeth of Cal. linear,
longer than tube. Leg. about 2, small, with
a hirsute suture. Sic.”—Guss. from Prust.

15. major. Stems nearly erect, hollow.
Leg. 6-12, drooping, straight, on a very long
common stalk. Teeth of Cal. stellate before
flowering. p. 6-8. Moist shade.

16. corniculatus. Stems prostrate. Leg.
spreading, 2-5, on a long common stalk.
Teeth of Cal. connivent before flowering. Wings
broadly ovate. p. 5-9. Pastures.

B. tenwis. Teeth of Cal. shorter than tube.
According to Mr. Borrer this is an annual.
According to Koch (Lotus tenuiflorus) 2¢ may
always be distinguished from L. corniculatus
by the much narrower wings.

17. decumbens. “Somewhat hairy. Stems
decumbent. Stalks long, 3—4-flowered. Bracts
lanceolate, ternate. Teeth of Cal. somewhat
longer than tube. Wings oblongo-obovate.
Leg. straight, spreading. Lower Lts. obova-
to-cuneate, obtuse; upper oblongo-cuneate,
acute. Upper Stip. ovato-lanceolate. p. 4, 5.
Moist grassy fields. Sic.”—Guss.

B. tenuis, Guss.
L. lineari-lanceolate, acute. Sic.

18. conimbrensis. Stems slender, some-
what branched. Leg. solitary, bowed, cylin-
drical, very long. Common F'.-stalk much
shorter than L.! Middle Lt. obovate; lateral

lanceclate. a. 5. Rare. Moist. s. Kur.
Frejus. Sic.
178. TETRAGONOLOBUS.
1. purpureus. Decumbent. Leg. 1-2,
hairless, with broad wings. Common Stalk
about equal to L. Bracts exceeding calyx.

- Stip. ovate. 2. dark purple. a.4,5. Mea-

dows and fields. It. occasionally.

2. conjugatus. Hairy, nearly erect. Leg.
1-2, hairless, with very narrow wings. Com-
mon Stalk shorter than L. Bracts ternate,
acuminate, as long as calyx. Stip. ovate, acu-
minate. 7. purple. a.5,6. Moist fields.
Sic. Montp. ?

3. biflorus. Hairy, decumbent. Leg. 1-3,
hairy, with narrow wings. Common Stalk far
longer than L. Bracts ternate, smaller than
calyx. Stip. orbiculari-oblong, acuminate.
F1. yellow. a. 5,6. Fields. Sic.

_ the Lts. is very various.

Lts. and Stip. of upper

4. siliquosus. Hairy, decumbent. Leg.
1, hairless, with very narrow wings. Common
Stalk far exceeding L. Bracts lineari-obovate,
shorter than calyx. Stip. ovate, somewhat
obtuse. 2%. yellow. p.6. Moist meadows.
s. and m. Hur.

B. maritimus.
what fleshy.

Nearly smooth. LL. some-

179. PSORALEA.

1. palzestina. Lis. pinnato-ternate ; those
of lower L. ovate; of upper lanceolate. Stalks
furrowed. p. 7,8. Port Juvenal.

2. bituminosa. L. pinnato-ternate. Lts.
ovato-lanceolate ; of lowest L. subrotundo-
ovate. Stalks (subangular, Guss.) (leeves, DC.)
p-7, 8. Dry. mdt. Fr. It. The shape of
L find the L.-statk
always more or less furrowed.

Subtribe 8. ASTRAGALE®.

180. GLYCYRHIZA.

l. glabra. Lis. ovate, somewhat retuse,
glutinous beneath. Spikes stalked, shorter than
L. Fl. distant. Leg. smooth. Seeds 3-4.
p. 6-8. Clayey fields. Bamberg. Sologne.
Escapes. s. Fr. It.

2. echinata. Its. ovato-lanceolate, mu-
cronate, hairless; the terminal sessile. Spikes
capitate, on very short stalks. Leg. oval, mu-
cronate, echinate. Seeds 2. p. Apulia.

181. GALEGA.

1. officinalis. Lts. lanceolate, mucronate,
hairless. Stip. broad lanceolate. Rac. ex-
ceeding L. p.7, 8. Gravel. s. Kur. e. G.

182. ROBINIA.

1. Pseudacacia. Stipules spinescent.
Branches rod-like. Rac. loose, pendent, hair-
less. Leg. hairless. Lts. ovate. T. Natu-
ralized in sandy sotls.

183. COLUTEA.

1. arborescens. Leg. closed. Claws of
Standard short and gibbous. Stalks about 6-
flowered. Its. elliptic, retuse. 1.8. 5, 6.
Thickets. s. Kur. Nancy.

2. orientalis. Leg. gaping at top. Claws
of Standard very small, obtuse. Stalks 4—5-

LEGUMINOS A. 97

flowered. ts. obovate, emarginate, glaucous.
S. 6. Hills, vineyards. Rulsdorf. Hoen-
stadt near Halle.

184. PHACA.

A. No division in the Legume. Ilowers

white or yellowish,

1. frigida. Lts. 4-5 pair, ovato-oblong.
Stip. ovato-oblong. Stem hairless, simple.
Leg. oblong, stalked, somewhat hirsute. p.
7,8. High pastures. Alps.

2. alpina. Its. 9-12 pair, oblong, obtuse,
downy. Stip.lineari-lanceolate. Stem branched,
downy. Leg. compressed, semi-ovate, acute,
nearly hairless. p. 7, 8. High stony. s. Alps.
Pyrenees.

B. Legume incompletely 2-celled. Flowers
purplish or variegated white and purple.

3. glabra. Lis. 5-7 pair, ovali-oblong,
acute, hairless. Stem branched, prostrate.
Fl.-stalk exceeding L. Wings (of Corolla)
entire. Leg. stalked, turgid, hairless. p. 7.
Lower mountains of Prov.

4. astragalina. Its. 5-12 pair, ovate,
with adpressed hairs on both sides. Stem
short, decumbent. l.-stalks exceeding L.
Wings entire. Keel violet, nearly as long as
bluish standard. Leg. stalked, pendent, covered
with black hairs when young. p.7, 8. High
pastures. Alps. Pyr.

5. australis. Its. 6-8 pair, lineari-lan-
ceolate, hairless ; odd one sessile. Stem
branched, tufted, ascending, hairless. Fl.-stalks
exceeding L. Wings bifid. Keel dar/, much
shorter than whete or yellowish standard. Leg.
ovoid, stalked. p. 7, 8. High rough pastures.
Alps. Pyr.

185. OXYTROPIS.

A. Upper Suture pressed in, but not winged.

1. lapponica. Somewhat caulescent, as-
cending, hairy. Lts. lanceolate, acute. Fr.-
stalks at last twice as long as L. Race. short,
6—-12-flowered. 27. pink. Leg. pendulous, on
a stalk half as long as tube of calyx. p. 7.
High. Mts. of Vallais at Zermatt and Tesch.

2. montana. Nearly stemless. Lis.
elliptico-lanceolate. Scape hardly exceeding L.
Rac. short, 6—-12-flowered. FV. pink or purple.
Leg. erect, on a stipe or stalk within the calyx,
as long as tube of calyx. p. 7,8. High
pastures. io. Eu. ;

B. neglecta. Rac.lax. High gravel. Abr.

3. cyanea. Nearly stemless. Ls. oblong,

acute. Seape equal to L. Rac. short, 6-12-
flowered. Leg. erect, on a stipe half as long
as tube of calyx. p. 7, 8. Above Zermatt in
Nicolaithal.

4. triflora. Stemless. Lis. oblong, acute.
Scape as long as L. Rac. 3-flowered. Leg.
erect, on a stipe half as long as tube of calyx.
p. 7,8. High stony. Heiligenblut.

B. Upper Suture winged internally.
i. Lower Suture not winged.

5. pilosa. Stem erect. Hairs soft. Lts.
lanceolate, acute. Stip. nearly free. Spikes
ovato-oblong. Stalks axillary, exceeding L.
Leg. erect, terete, subulate, villous. p. Sandy
and rocky hills, s. and e. Alps.

6. campestris. Lis. about 12 pair, lan-
ceolate, silky. Stip. attached to L.-stalk.
Scape about equal to L. Bracts shorter than
calyx. Fl. erect. Leg. erect, sessile, inflated,
downy. p. 7, 8. Gravelly mountain pastures.
m. Eu.
B. sordida. Lower part of Standard purplish.
Keel with a dark spot.

y. caerulea. Blue. Fuscherthal in the
Salzburg Alps.

5. viscosa, Pers. Lis. linear, viscid. Scape
exceeding L.

7. foetida. Lts. about 20 pair, lmeari-
lanceolate, viscid, hairless. Scape woolly up+
wards, somewhat exceeding L. Heads few-
flowered. Bracts shorter than calyx. Leg.
erect, sessile in calyx, inflated. p. 7, 8. Very
high gravelly. w. Alps.

ii. Lower Suture with a wing reaching to

that of the wpper.

8. uralensis. Stemless, villous. Lis.
oblongo-lanceolate. Scape exceeding L. Heads
ovate, of many spreading flowers. Lower
Bracts exceeding calyx. Leg. erect, acuminate.
p. 5-7. Subalpine gravel. Vallais. Tyrol.
Carniola. Pyr. Scot.

186. ASTRAGALUS.
A. Fl. purplish or white. Stipules not at-
tached to L.-stalk, or only to its base.
i. Upper Stip. united opposite to L. Sp.1-6.
ii. Stipules separate.
a. Fl. distant. Sp. 7-9.

b. FL in a dense spike or head.
annual. Sp. 10-18.

ec. Calyx bladder-lke !

Root

Sp. 14.

98 186. ASTRAGALUS.

B. Fl. yellowish. Stipules not attached to
L.-stalk.

i. Stipules separate.
a. Root annual.
b. Root perennial.

Sp. 15-18.
Sp. 19-23.
ii. Stipules united opposite tol. Sp. 24.

G. Stipules attached to L.-stalk.

i. L.-stalk persistent, spimescent. Fl. sessile,
axillary. Sp. 25-29.
ii. L.-stalk not spinescent. Sp. 80-84.
A. Flowers purplish or white.

Sree from L.-stalhk.
i. Upper Stipules united opposite L.

1. leontinus. Diffuse. Hairs adpressed,
fixed in the middle. Lts. 6-8 pair. Heads on
a 3-edged stalk, exceeding L. Leg. ovoid,
villous, sessile in calyx. p. 7, 8. Stony
mountais. m.ande. Alps.

Stipules

2. purpureus. Hairy, diffuse. Lts. with
two terminal teeth. Head of Fr. globose, on
a stalk exceeding L. (Germen on a stipe one-
sixth of its own length, Kocu.) Leg. erect,
hirsute, ovoideo-triquete. Cells 3-seeded. p.
7, 8. Mountains. Alps. of Provence, Nice,
and s. Tyrol. Valle Staphora in Apennines of
Piedmont.

3. Onobrychis. Diffuse, pubescent. Lts.
7-12 pair, lanceolato-oblong. Heads of Fr.
cylindrico-oblong. Stalks exceeding L. Stand-
ard linear, truncate, twice as long as wings.
Leg. 3-edged, ovate, acuminate, hirsute, sessile.
Cells 4-seeded. p. 6,7. Dry mountain pas-
Sw. Austria. Dau. Prov.

4. hypoglottis. Hairy, diffuse. Lis.
8-10 pair, oblong. Heads many-flowered.
Stalk exceeding L. Calyx covered with white
and black hairs. Leg. erect, deeply channeled,
compressed, hairy. (Germen on a stipe half
its own length, Kocu.) p. 5-7. Dry pastures.

5. bayonmensis. Procumbent, diffuse,
hoary with adpressed hairs. Lts. 8-10 pair,
very small. Stalks 4—6-flowered, not exceeding
L. Cal. nearly sessile. Leg. on very short
stipe, downy; length twice width. p. 6, 7.
Sandy shores. w. Fr.

tures.

6. arenarius. Diffuse, hoary. Hairs ad-
pressed. Its. 3-4 pair, linear, obtuse. Race.
4—8-flowered. Stalk somewhat shorter than L.
Leg. downy, on a stipe nearly as long as tube
of calyx; length three times width. p. 6, 7.
Sandy fields and pine woods. e. G.

ii. Upper Stipules separate.
a. Flowers distant. Legume linear.

7. austriacus. Procumbent, diffuse. Lts.
7-10 pair, hairless, linear, truncato-emarginate.
Lower Stip. concrete. Rac. stalked, exceeding °
L. Wings of Cor. bifid. Teg. sessile, droop-
ing. p. 7,8. Open dry. Dau.n. It. Austria.

8. sulcatus. rect, hairless. Stem fur-
rowed. its. 7-10 pair, lineari-lanceolate.
Lower Stip. concrete. Race. stalked, exceeding
L. Wings of Cor. entire. Leg. on short stipe,
erect. p. 6,7. Moist grassy. lower Austria.

9. argenteus. Diffuse, grey with hairs
fixed in the middle. ILts. 5—7 pair, linear or
lanceolate; of the lower L. ovate. All Stip.
distinct ; lower very small. Rac. stalked, ex-
ceeding L. Leg. straight, twice as long as
calyx, hoary. p. 5. Open stony. Islands
Cherso, Osero, and Veglia——Kocu.

b. Flowers in a dense head. Root annual.

10. pentaglottis. Procumbent, diffuse,
somewhat villous. Stip. ovate. Lts. 4-6 pair,
obovate, retuse. Heads on stalks exceeding L.
Leg. semiovate, acute, tubercled. Cells 1-seeded.
a. 6, 7. Dry hills. Corbiéres. Hyéres. Cors.

11. Glaux. Procumbent, villous, some-
what hoary. Stip. ovato-lanceolate. Lis. 8-10
pair, oblong, somewhat acute. Heads on stalks
exceeding L. Standard linear. Leg. erect,
ovate, mucronate, villous. Cells l-seeded. a.
6. At Bombaz between Avignon and Cavaillou.
Beziéres.

12. Stella. Procumbent, sometimes stem-
less. Stip. lanceolate. Lts. 8-10 pair, ellip-
tic-oblong. Heads on stalks not exceeding
L. Leg. at last stellate, somewhat terete, fur-
rowed on back, mucronate, hirsute. Cells 5-10-
seeded. a. 5. Montpellier. Toulon.

13. sesameus. Diffuse, villous. Stip.
lanceolate. Lts. 9-10 pair, elliptic-oblong.
Heads axillary, sessile. Leg. erect, somewhat
terete, acuminate, furrowed on back, mucronate,
villous. Cells 7—8-seeded. a. 5,6. Dry. s.
Europe.

ce. Calyx bladder-like !

14. vesicarius. Procumbent, diffuse,
silky. Hairs fixed in the middle. Its. 5—7
pair, elliptic. Heads on stalks exceeding L.
Cal. clothed with black adpressed and white
spreading hairs. Leg. very hirsute, as long as
calyx. p.5,6. Dry cale. mountaims. s. Fr.
Carniola. Trieste.

LEGUMINOSZE.

B. Stipules not attached to L.-stalhk. Flowers
yellowish.
i. Stipules separate.
a. Loot annual.

15. contortuplicatus. Procumbent,
somewhat villous. Lts. 7-9 pair, obovate,
emarginate. Rac. on stalks much shorter than
L. Leg. twisted, channeled on back, villous.
a.5,6. Grassy hills. Sic.

16. hamosus. Diffuse. Lts. about 12 pair,
cuneate, emarginate, hairless above. Stalks
about 6-flowered, shorter than L. Leg. much
curved, terete, furrowed on back, subulate at
top. a.5, 6. Grassy. -s. Fr. Italy.

17. boeticus. Procumbent, pubescent.
Stip. membranous, ovate, acuminate. Lts. 10-
15 pair, obovate, retuse. Spikes on very short
stalks. Leg. erect, oblong, straight, with a
hooked point. a. 4. Uncult. Sie.

18. epiglottis. Procumbent, villous. Stip.
lanceolate, covered with black hairs. Lis.
6-7 pair, lineari-oblong. Heads on very
short stalks. Leg. depressed, somewhat cor-
date, acuminate; the margins folded back,
spreading, pubescent. J. white. a. Woody
fills. Prov.

b. Root perennial.
* Spike stalked. Legume sessile.

19. asper. Erect, rough with adpressed
hairs fixed in the middle. Stip. lineari-lan-
ceolate. Lts. 12-15 pair, oblong. Spike-stalk
far exceeding L. Fl. erect. Leg. obloug, closely
pubescent, acuminate. p. 5,6. Grassy. lower
Austria.

20. depressus. Diffuse or stemless. Stip.
ovate, membranous, ciliate. Lts. 9-11 pair,
obovate. Spike-stalk shorter than L. Leg.
linear, sub-terete, straight, somewhat defiexed,
p.5,6. Rough open. Alps.

21. glycyphyllos. Procumbent, nearly
smooth. Stip. ovate, acuminate. Ls. 5-6
pair, ovate. Spike ovato-oblong, on stalks
shorter than L. Leg. oblongo-subulate, curved,
erect. p. 6,7. Meadows and thickets.

** Spike nearly or quite sessile. Flowers

yellow.

22. aleopecuroides.
20 pair, ovato-lanceolate. Stip. ovato-lanceo-
late, acuminate. Spikes oblong. Divisions
of Cal. setaceous, shorter than tube, nearly
equaling corolla. p. 6, 7. Near» Embrun,
Dau. ?

Erect. Lts. about

1)

99

23. marbonensis. IHrect, downy. Stip.
lanceolate. Lts. about 20 pair, oblongo-linear.
Head subglobose. Divisions of Cal. setaceous,
shorter than corolla, as long as tube. p.
Rough. Narbonne.

ii. Stipules united.

24. Cicer. Procumbent, diffuse, somewhat
pubescent. Stip. lanceolate. Lts. 10-13 pair,
elliptic-oblong, mucronate. Spike ovate.
Stalk shorter than L. Leg. inflated, hirsute,
mucronate. p. 6,7. Sandy mountain pas-
tures. occ.

©. Stipules attached to L.-stalh.

i. L.-stalk persistent, spinescent. Flowers
axillary.
25. Pseudo-Tragacantha. [I'l. 7-8,

sessile, crowded, yellow. Cal. 5-partite. Seg-
ments setaceous, longer than tube. Lts. 8-9
pair, oblong, somewhat acute, pointless, hoary.
s.S. Gravel amongst mountains. Abruzzi.

Fl. crowded, sessile, white
or flesh-coloured. Cal. 5-partite, awned, very
villous, falling short of corolla. Lts. 4-8 pair,
oblong or cuneate, mucronate, villous when
young. s.. 5,6. Dry hills. Aitna. Ma-
donie. Cal.

26. siculus.

27. aristatus. Stalks about 6-flowered,
very short. Teeth of Cal. long, setaceous.
Lis. 6-10 pair, oblong, pointless, hairy, green.
Cells of Leg. hardly half divided. s.S. 5, 6.
Rocky. s. Alps. Pyr. Sic.

28. sirinicus. Fl. in spiked racemes, 2-10.
Stalks somewhat shorter than L. Cal. with
black and white hairs. Teeth setaceous. Cor.
three times as long as calyx. Lis. 14 pai,
elliptico-oblong, somewhat obtuse, with ad-
pressed hairs on both sides. Leg. villous.
s.8. Stony pastures. Abruzzi. Mts. of Sirine.

29. Bragacantha. Stalks about 4-flow-
ered, about equalling L. Cal. cylindrical.
Teeth short and obtuse. Lts. 9-11 pair, ellip-
tie, hoary. s.S. 5. Sandy shores. Mars.
Narb. Corsica. Trapani.

ii. L.-stalk not spinescent.

- bladder-lke.
Nearly stemless. Lts. 9—
13 pair, oblong, ciliate. Rac. about half as
long as L. Divisions of Cal. subulate. Cor.
hairless, yel/ow. Leg. stalked, ovate, inflated,
beaked. p. 3-5. Dry hills. Sic.

31. exscapus. Stemless, soft, hirsute.
Lts. 12-15 pair, ovate. Fl. crowded, nearly
D)

Calyx not

30. caprinus.

2

100 186. ASTRAGALUS.

sessile on root. Divisions of Cal. long, subu-
late. Cor. ‘hairless. Leg. sessile, ovate, acu-
minato-mucronate, hirsute. p. 5,6. Moun-
tains. Vallais. Thuringia. Austria.

32. monspessulanus. Nearly stemless.
Lts. 12-20 pair, elliptic; the outer smallest.
Scape exceeding L. ‘Teeth of Cal. long, subu-
late. FU. purple. Leg. terete, subulate, curved
upwards, reticulate, at last hairless, completely
2-celled. Ovules 12-20. p.5, 6. Dry hills.
m. and s. Hur.

33. Wulfeni. Nearly stemless. Lts. 12—
20 pair, ovate or lanceolate. Scape nearly as
long as L. Teeth of Cal. lear. #7. purple.
Leg. lineari-oblong, curved downwards, 2-celled.
Ovules 24-30. p.5. Stony pastures. Trieste.
Istria.

34. incanus. Stemless, hoary. Lts. 6—9
pair. Scape hardly exceeding L. Fl. in heads.
Teeth of Cal. subulate, short. J. purple.
Leg. 2-celled, nearly cylindrical, incurved, mu-
cronate, about three times calyx, hoary with
short hairs. Ovules about 12. p.4,5. Open
stony. s. Hr.

187. BISERRULA.

1. Pelecinus. 7. small, blue. Spikes
ovate, on stalks shorter than L. a.5. Dry.
s. Hur.

Tribe WL. HEDYSAREL.
188. SCORPIURUS.
1. muricata. Leg. hairless. Inner Ribs

smooth; outer armed with small blunt tu-
bercles. a. 5,6. Melds. mdt. Fr. K. Nap.

2. suleata. Leg. hairless. Inner Ribs
smooth ; the four outer armed with rigid dis-
tant prickles. a. 5, 6. IMelds. Tuscany.
Port Juvenal.

3. subvillosa. Leg. hairless. Inner Ribs
smooth; the six or eight outer armed with
somewhat crowded prickles. a. 5,6. I%elds
and uncult. s. Br. Istria. It.

4. acutifolia. Leg. covered with short
hairs. Innermost Ribs smooth; the eight or
ten outer armed with very short crowded
prickles. Var. of Sp.3? a. Sandy. Boni-
facio.

5. vermiculata. Leg. hairless. Inner-
most Ribs wanting; the ten outer armed with

crowded, broad, obtuse tubercles. a. 5, 6.

Fields. Agen. Montpellier.

189. CORONILLA.

A. Legume nearly terete, the joints hardly
separating. Claws of Petals about three
times as long as calyx.

1. Emerus. Stip. very small. Lts. 5-7,
obovate. Stalk 3-fiowered. S. 3-5. Zhichets,
walls, jc. s. Huy.

B. Legume compressed. Joints readily sepa-
rating. Claw of Standard not much
exceeding calyx.

i. Mowers yellow. Plant hairless.

2. glauca. A shrub. Stip. small, lanceo-
late, entirely separate. ts. 5-7, obovato-
oblong, mucronate, glaucous ; lowest remote
from stem. Umbel 7—8-flowered. S. 2-5.
Calc. rocks. Narb. Sic. Nice.

3. stipularis. A shrub. Stip. very large,
circular, separate, deciduous, but leaving a ring
on the stem. Lts. 7-9, obovate, mucronulate,
glaucous; lowest remote from stem. Umbel
6—-8-flowered. §.3. Calc. rocks. Verracina.
Capri. s. It. Sic.

4, juncea. A small shrub. Stip.very small,
on a continued ring. LL. few and small. Lis.
3-7, lineari-oblong ; lowest remote from stem.
Umbel 5—7-flowered. s.S. 5, 6. Rocky hills.
mdt. F.

5. minima. Woody, diffuse. Stip. united
opposite to L.; the uppermost large, membra-
nous, deciduous. Lts. 7-11, obovate; lowest
remote from stem. Umbel 7—8-flowered. C.
vaginalis of Linneeus, &e. w. 5-7. Moun-
tain pastures. Alps.

6. coronata. Stems numerous, diffuse.
Stip. small, united opposite L. Lts.5—9, obo-
vate, somewhat mucronate, glaucous; lowest
close to stem. Umbel 8—-10-flowered. w. Dry.
m. ands. Fr. Vall. It. @. menima of Koch.

7. montana. Stems single, erect, herba-
ceous. Stip. united opposite L. Lis. 7, ovate,
mucronate, somewhat glaucous; lowest near to
stem. Umbel 15-20-flowered. p.6. Cale.
mountains. Jura. e. Ger.

ii. Flowers yellow. Plant rough with rigid,
defleced hairs.

8. parviflora. Herbaceous, much branched.
Lits. 9, cuneate, emarginate, hairless. Stip-
ovate, very small. Umbel 5-flowered. Stalk

LEGUMINOS. 10]

exceeding L. Leg. bowed, terete. p. Open
falls. Avezzano.

iii. Flowers purplish or white.

9. cretica. Herbaceous, ascending. Stip.
very small, acute. Ls. 11-13, cuneate, retuse ;
lowest remote from stem. Umbel 3—6-flowered.
a. 5,6. Grassy banks. It.

10. varia. Herbaceous, diffuse. Stip. very
small, acute. Lts. 9-13, oblong, mucronate ;
lowest near stem. Umbel 16—20-flowered. Leg.
erect. p. 6,7. Dry meadows and pastures.
s. and m. Eur,

190. ASTROLOBIUM.

1. ebracteatum. Fi. about equalling L.
L. all pinnate. Lts. numerous, equal, elliptic-
oblong ; lowest remote from stem. Leg. terete,
curved. a. 4,5. Sand. Jersey. w. Fr. It.

2. repandum. F'.-stalks somewhat shorter
than L. Stip. joined, sheathing. Lower L.
simple, oval, emarginate; upper pinnate.
Lowermost Lis. near stem, subrotund. o-
mentum incurved. a.4,5, Sandy shores.
s. Sic.

3. scorpioides. F'l.-stalks longer than L.
Stip. joined, sheathing. L. ternate. Lower Lts.
subrotund, very small; terminal large, oval.
a.5-7. Melds. Coasts of Mdt.

191. ORNITHOPUS.

1. compressus. F1.-stalk shorter than L.
Lis. villous. Leg. compressed, longitudinally
reticulate, curved at top. Joints oval. FV. yel-
low. a.4,5. Sand. s. Fr. It.

2. perpusillus. F'.-stalk longer than L.
Lts. somewhat villous. Teeth of Cal. not half
as long as tube. Leg. somewhat compressed,
hairless, nearly straight. Beak very short.
Joints subrotund. 7. pink and white. a.
5,6. Sandy. Not at Rome nor in Sie.

3. roseus. F'l.-stalks longer than L. Teeth
of Cal. nearly as long as tube. Leg. somewhat
compressed, reticulate. Beak nearly as long as
last joint. a. 5. Sandy. La Teste. Mt. de
Marsan. w. Fr.

192. HIPPOCREPIS.

A. Perennial. Sinus of Fruit less than
half a circle.

1. comosa. Herbaceous, diffuse. Stalk of

Umbel exceeding L. Leg. curved, sinuate on

both sides. p.5—-7. Cale. banks. Not in Sic.

2. glauca. Herbaceous, ascending. Stalk
of Umbel exceeding glaucous L. Leg. some-
what curved, sinuate only on one side. Joints
always 5. p. 5,6. Cale. rocks. Mte. Ma-
gello. Sic.

B. Annual. Sinus of Fruit more than half
a circle.

3. multisiliquosa. Stalks 2—4-flowered,
shorter than L. Leg. nearly smooth, very
much curved. a.3-5. Sandy shores, open,
stony, or sandy. Sic.

4. ciliata. Stalks 2-6-flowered, shorter
than L. Legume at last almost straight, tu-
berculato-hispid at the seeds. a.4-6. Dry
cale. s. Fr. It. Probably a var. of H. multi-
siliquosa.

5. unisiliquosa. ['. axillary, sessile, so-
litary. Leg.curved. a.3-5. Cale. hills and
fields. s. ¥r. Tt.

6. velutina. Stalks 1—2-flowered, shorter
than L. Leg. velvety, glandular at joinings.
Extremities of the sinus produced into horns!
a. Port Juvenal—Duvpy.

193. SECURIGERA.

1. Coronilla. Habit of a Coronilla. a.
5,6. Fields and dry meadows. s. Kur.

194. HEDYSARUM.

1. coronarium. Stem diffuse. Lts. 3-5
pair, elliptic, downy beneath and on margin.
Rac. oblong, crowded. Wings, standard, and
keel nearly equal. Leg. prickly, hairless. p. 5.
Meadows, vineyards. It.

2. humile. Stem nearly erect. Lts. 7-9
pair, lineari-cuneate. Fl.in racemes. Wings
not exceeding half keel. Standard shorter than
keel. Leg. of two or three rounded, tubercled,
and villous jomts. p. (Cey. Mtp., Govan.)
(Dax, GERARD.) (Sic., DC.)

3. pallidum. Procumbent. Lts. 6-7 pair,
elliptico-orbicular, pubescent. Spikes oblong,
crowded. Standard as long as keel. Wings
shorter. Leg. with rounded, prickly joints.
p. 5. Canal of Fusaro near Naples.

4. spinosissimum. Stem diffuse. Lts.
5-7 pair, oblong, emarginate, (acute, Guss.)
Heads 3-flowered; the lateral sessile. Wings
shorter than keel and standard. Leg. pubes-
cent, with hooked prickles. a. 5. Mars.
Frejus. K. Nap.

5. capitatum. Decumbent. Lts. 6-7 pair,

102 194. HEDYSARUM.

oblong ; of lower L. obcordate, obtuse. Rac.
ovate. Stalk exceeding L. Fl. 3-10, all on
short stalks. Standard equal to keel. Joints
of Leg. orbicular, pubescent, and with hooked
prickles. a.4,5. Argillaceo-calcareous hills !
Sic. Cors.

6. obscurum. Hrect. Lts. 5—9 pair, ovate.
Stip. united, sheathing. Bracts longer than
flower-stalk. Leg. pendulous, quite smooth. p.
7,8. Moist mountain pastures. Alps from
Austria to Provence.

195. ONOBRYCHIS.

1. sativa. Nearlyerect. Stip. mostly dis-
tinct. Leg. rugose, somewhat aculeate. (Teeth
only half as long as the crest, Kocu.) Spike
elongated. Keel shorter than standard. Wings
not exceeding calyx. (Cal. about equal to co-
rolla, J. W.) Lts. mucronate, nearly hairless.
p. 6,7. Chalky hills.

2. montana. “ Subdecumbent. Stip. united
opposite L. Leg. rugose, denticulate at back.
Sides rugose, downy. Spike short. Keel longer
than standard. Wings shorter than calyx. Ls.
cuneato-lanceolate, mucronate, hairless. op.
6, 7. High meadows. Alps. Pyr.”—DC. <de-
cording to Koch, the comparative length of
keel and standard is not to be trusted.

3. arenaria. ‘Ascending. Leg. keeled,
reticulate, with an elevated disc, aculeate. The
intermediate marginal prickles subulate, im
length equalling breadth of the crest. Wings
shorter than calyx. p. Open calcareous hills.
Trieste. s. Switz.’—Kocnu. He quotes DC.,
who says “ dorso subdenticulato.”

4. conferta. “Declining. Stip. mostly
distinct. Leg. hoary, rugose. Prickles of the
sides short; of the back long. Rac. ovate.
Keel as long as standard. Wings shorter than
calyx. Lts. oblongo-elliptic, mucronulate, downy
beneath. p. Mountains. Abruzz.’—DC.

5. supina. “ Diffuse, somewhat hirsute.
Leg. villous, rugose, somewhat aculeate, crista-
to-dentate on the back. Spike ovato-oblong,
stalked. Wings and keel shorter than calyx.
Lts. oblong, hardly mucronulate. p. 6. Mea-
dows and uncult. Vallais. Prov. Dau.”—DC.

6. alba. “Stem erect, velvety. Leg.
downy, crested with somewhat long prickles.
Dise rugose, with short prickles. Spike cy-
lindrical. Wings shorter than calyx. Keel
exceeding calyx. ts. linear, mucronate, silky
beneath. p.’—DC. Cale. hills. Gargano.
Japygia.— TEN.

7. saxatilis. Ascending. Leg. hairless,
with an entire crest. Disc rugose, without
prickles. Its. lmear. p. 5,6. Open, stony
hills. Prov. Nice.

§. Caput Galli. Erect or diffuse. Leg.
downy, everywhere prickly. Spike few-flowered.
Cal. about equalling corolla. Lts. oblong, mu-
cronate, pubescent. a.5. Rough. s. Kur.

9. Crista Galli. Supine. Leg. hairless.
Crest in oblong, flat, toothed divisions. Disc
somewhat prickly. Spike few-flowered. Cal.
about equal to corolla. Lts. obtuse or retuse,
pubescent. a. Open, rough. s. Hur.—DC.;
but I find tt in no partial Hora.

10. zequidentata. “rect, nearly smooth.
Leg. hairy. Disc with short spies, Crest
divided into nearly equal, entire teeth. Spike-
stalk of Fr. twice as long as L. Flowers dis-
tant. Lower Lts. obovate; upper oblong,
somewhat pubescent. a.3,4. Dry calc. hills.
Alicata. Palmi.”—Guss.

ll. depressa. ‘Diffuse. Leg. quite hair-
less, very prickly. Prickles nearly equal. Hol-
lows between the prickles of the dise smooth.
Rac. few-flowered, as long as L. Cal. equal to
corolla. Keel shorter than standard. Lts.
cuneato-obovate, retuse or mucronate, hairless.
Sic.’—Guss. from PRESL.

Tribe IV. VICIEZ.
196. CICER.

1. arietinum. Cal. hardly gibbous. Teeth
equalling wings. All L. unequally pinnate.
Lts. serrate. a. 6,7. Escapes ins. Hur.

197. VICIA.
A. Upper part of Style equally hairy all
round. Sp. 1-3.
B. Style bearded. Rac. on long stalks.
i. Upper Teeth of Cal. minute, on a broad

hase.

a. Veins of Lts. divergent. Stip. broad,
dentate. Sp, 4-6.

b. Veins nearly parallel to midrib. Stip.
semihastate. Sp. 7-16.

ii, Upper Teeth of Cal. triangular, much
shorter than lower. Sp. 17-20.

iii. Teeth of Cal. nearly equal. Sp. 21-27.
G. Style bearded.
i. Standard hairy.

Fl. nearly sessile.
Sp. 28-31.

LEGUMINOS. 103

ii. Standard smooth.
a. Teeth of Cal. nearly equal. Sp. 32-45.

b. Teeth unequal, 3 and 2, all far shorter
than tube. Sp. 46.

ce. Calyx Teeth 3,2, and 1. Sp. 47-52.

A. Upper part of Style equally hairy alt

round. Lts. with diverging veins.

. This section, with Orodus sylvaticus, should
perhaps be united to “own; but I have pre-
served the Linnean genera, till a better ar-
rangement is settled.

1. cassubica. ‘Teeth of Cal. unequal,
shorter than tube. Rac. many-flowered, hardly
equalling L. Lts. numerous, ovali-oblong.
Lower Stip. semihastate. Margin entire. Leg.
elliptic. p.6, 7. Mountain woods. s. Eur.

2. sylvatica. ‘Teeth of Cal. unequal,
shorter than tube. Rac. many-flowered, ex-
ceeding L. Lts. numerous, ovato-oblong.
Lower Stip. broad, laciniate. Leg. obtusely
lanceolate. wp. 6-8. Woody hills.

3. pisiformis. Teeth of Cal. unequal,
shorter than tube. Rac. many-flowered, equal-
ling L. Lts. about 10, broadly ovate ; lower-
most close to stem. Stip. broad, inciso-dentate.
Leg. oblong. p. 5, 6. Woody hills. m. Eur.

B. Style bearded.

i. Upper Teeth of Calyx minute, on a broad
base.

Racemes on long stalks.

a. Veins of Lts. divergent. Stipules broad,
dentate.

4. dumetorum. Rac. 6—12-flowered.
Blade of standard about half as long as haft.
Lts. 6-10, elliptico-ovate. Leg. oblong, com-
pressed. p. 7, 8. Mountain woods. mm.
and s. Eur.

5. altissima. Rac. with 8-16 nodding
flowers. Blade of Standard longer thanhaft. Lts.
6-12, elliptico-ovate. Leg. oblong, acuminate.
p. 5,6. Atma, Milo, Randazzo, Sic.

6. polysperma. Fl. 8-10, separate, erect.
Blade of Standard longer than haft. Lts.
8-16, oblong, with long abrupt points. Leg.
lineari-lanceolate. Seeds 14-20. p. Thickets.
Bagnoli, Astroni near Naples.

b. Outer veins of Lts. nearly parallel to
midrib. Stipules semihastate.

7. ochroleuca. WHairless. Rac. many-
flowered, exceeding L. F'l. yellow. Blade of
Standard equal to haft. Its. 8-30, oblong.

Leg. hairless. Seeds oval. p. 5, 6. Rochy
cale. -K. Nap. Sie.

8. consentina. “Rac. many-flowered,
exceeding L. Fl. remote, yellowish. Stem.
and L.-stalks pubesceut. Lts. linear, truncate,
mucronate; the lower elliptic. Stip. semi-
sagittate. Calabria, at Falde della Sila, and
between Cosenza and Rogliano. Differs from
ochroleuca in its broader L., shorter racemes,
larger flowers, and by being everywhere vil-
lous.’—TEN.

9. Gracca. Stem hairy. Rac. crowded,
exceeding L. J. blue. Blade of Standard
equal to haft. Lts. about 20, oblovig. Hairs
adpressed. Leg. on a stipe, falling short of
calyx. p.6, 8. Hedges and thickets. Not
in Sicily.

10. Gerardi. Stem hairy. Rac. crowded,
exceeding L. JV. blwe. Blade of Standard
equal to haft. Lts. 20-30, oblong. Hairs
spreading. Stipe of oblong Leg. exceeding
calyx. p. 6,7. Thichets. s. Hur.

ll. elegans. “Cal.coloured. Base gib-
bous. Teeth ciliate, triangular; middle lower
Tooth longer and narrower, as long as tube.
Stalks 10-30-flowered, exceeding L. FI. se-
cund, somewhat approximate, Z/ue. Keel with
a bloody spot on each side. Lts. 16-24, linear,
awned with adpressed hairs. Stip. entire ;
lower semisagittate; upper linear. Leg. ob-
longo-lanceolate, obsoletely nerved, pendulous.
Seeds compressed, globose. p.5, 6. Open hills
and thickets. Sic.’—Guss.

12. tenuifolia. Rac. many-flowered, far
exceeding L. F. purplish. Blade of Standard
twice as long as haft. Lis. about 20, linear,
acute. Leg. lanceolate. p. 6-8. Woody. Fr:
Ger.

13. biennis. “Teeth of Cal. unequal.
Stalks many-flowered, hardly exceeding L.
Partial stalks very long. Lis. (about 12 ?)
lanceolate, hairless. The common Stalk sul-
cate. Stip. semisagittate, acute. Leg. ascend-
ing, compressed, short, hairless. p. Sea-side
thickets. Fusaro, Like V. Pseudo-Cracca.”’—
TEN.

14. ambigua. ‘ Nearly smooth. Stalks
6-16-flowered, exceeding L. Ls. 8-16, oval.
Stip. semisagittato-lanceolate, often dentate.
Leg. oval, compressed. a. 3-5. Grassy hills.
Sic. Differs from Sp.15, wm being stouter,
the lower Stipules broader, more frequently
toothed, the Lts. 2 or 3 times as broad, Fl.
larger and not spotted, Standard more dilated

104

upwards, and more deeply emarginate.”—
Guss. :

15. dasyearpa. “Nearly smooth. Upper
Teeth of Cal. very short; lower acute, nearly
equal to tube. Stalks many- (10-20) flowered,
somewhat exceeeding L. Lts. 12-20, oblongo-
lanceolate. Stip. semisagittato-lanceolate; lower
dentate. Leg. broadly oval, compressed. Seeds
globose. a. 3,5. Grassy hills, thickets, and
sandy shores. Sic. Nap.”-—Guss.

16. villosa. Villous. Rac. many-flow-
ered, somewhat lax, exceeding L. 1. pur-
plish. Blade of Standard half as long as
haft. Lts. 12-16, lineari-lanceolate. Margin
of Stip. entire. ~ Leg. elliptico-rhomboid. a.
5-7. Corn. m.ands. Hur.

ii. Upper Teeth of Calyx triangular, much

shorter than lower.

17. Pseudo-Cracca. Diffuse, downy.
Rac. lax, 6—12-flowered, exceeding L. FI. ap-
proximate, nearly of one colour. Blade of
Standard about half as long as haft. Lts. 8-14.
Lateral veins nearly parallel to midrib. Stip.
dentate. Leg. elliptic, short, hairless. a. 3-5.
Sandy cult. It.

18. atropurpurea. Downy. Rac. 4-12-
flowered, crowded, hardly exceeding L. Fl.
tipped with dark purple. Blade of Standard
about half as long as haft. Lts. 8-14, oblong.
Leg. oblong, very hirsute. a. 4, 5. Cult.
s. and e. Sic. s. e. It. Toulon.

19. perennis. “Villous. Teeth of Cal.
setaceous, hairy, as long as tube. Stalks few-
flowered, equalling L. Stems 4-edged. Lis.
oblongo-linear, mucronate. Cirrhi nearly sim-
ple. Stip. semisagittato-lanceolate, generally
dentate at base. (Fl. dark purple, Lots.) Styles
long, somewhat clavate. Leg. oblong, com-
pressed, pubescent, reticulate. Seeds round,
compressed, day. p. Corn. Hlne in Rous.
Isl. of Hyeres. Perhaps not distinct from
Y. atropurpurea.”— DuBy.

20. onobrychoides. Rac. of 6-12 dis-
tant flowers, far exceeding L. F/ purple. Blade
of Standard about half as long as haft. Lts.
12-20, linear. Lateral veins nearly parallel
to midrib. Leg. lineari-oblong. b. 5, 7. Corn.
Vall. Istr. It. s. Fr.

iii. Teeth of Calyx nearly equal.

21. disperma. Cal. nearly equalling co-
rolla! Rac. 2-6-flowered, shorter than L.
Lts. 16-20, lineari-oblong. Leg. oblong, com-
pressed, hairless. Seeds variegated. a. Stony.
mdt. Fr. Cors.

197. VICIA.

22. argentea, “Hoary. Teeth of Cal.
nearly equal, as long as tube. Stalks many-
flowered, somewhat exceeding L. Fl. secund,
lax. Stem 4-edged. Lts. oblongo-linear, mu-
cronate. Cirrhi 0! Stip. semisagittato-lan-
ceolate. Style long, somewhat club-shaped.
Leg. oblong, compressed, downy. p. Mon-
tagne de Castanese, Pyr.’”—Dupy.

23. Bivonze. “Pubescent. Teeth of
Cal. setaceous, nearly equal. Stalks 3—11-
flowered, shorter than L. Lis. 6-18, oblong,
somewhat obtuse, mucronate. Stip. broad,
inciso-dentate. Leg. oblong, compressed, some-
what pubescent. Seeds globose. a. 4, 5.
Hedges and grassy hills. Sic. Lue.”—Guss.
“Stip. not always dentate.’—TrEn.

24, glauca. “ Teeth of Cal. nearly equal,
setaceous. Stalks 4—8-flowered, at last exceed-
ing L. Lts. 6-10, oblong, glaucous, pubes-
cent. Stip. semisagittate, entire. Stems hairless.
Leg. hairless, oblong, somewhat turgid. Seeds
globose. p. 5,6. Stony hills. Madonie.”—Guss.

25. triflora, Guss. “Hairless. Lateral
lower Teeth of Cal. lineari-lanceolate ; middle
Tooth longer and narrower. Stalks 2—5-flow-
ered, shorter than L. Stem angular. Lts.
6-14, lineari-oblong, pointless. Stip. bipar-
tite. Divisions subulate, nearly entire. Leg.
oblong, compressed, nervoso-reticulate. a. 4, 5.
Cult. Sic.’—Guss.

26. syrtica. ‘‘ Stem flexuose, striate.
Lts. 8-12, distant, nearly smooth, lear.
Stip. semisagittate, somewhat laciniate. Stalks
in pairs: one short, 1-flowered; the other
3—4.-flowered, shorter than L. ‘Teeth of Cal.
linear, as long as tube. a. Corn. Dax.”—
Duy.

27. bithynica. ‘Teeth of Cal. as long as
tube. Stalks 1—2-flowered, sometimes exceed-
ing L. Lts. 2-6, oblongo-lanceolate. Stip.
semihastate, dentate. Leg. oblong, villous. a.
5, 6. Clayey borders. ng. Fr. adr. G. It.

C. Style bearded. Flowers nearly sessile.
i. Standard hairy. Plants annual.

28. pamnonica. lLowermost Teeth of
Cal. as long as tube. Fl. 2-4. Lits. 10-16,
oblong. Stip. lanceolate, marked beneath.
Leg. oblong, hairy, deflexed. a. 5, 6. Fields.
Austr. Istr.

29. striata. “Hairy. Teeth of Cal.
awned, longer than tube. FI. 2-4, pendulous.
Standard silky. Its. mucronate; the upper
oblong, acute; lower obovate, retuse. Stip.

LEGUMINOS &. 105

ovato-lanceolate, with a spot. Leg. reflexed,
silky. a. 4,5. Pastures. Aitna.”—Guss,

30. hybrida. Hairy. Teeth of Cal. about
half as long as tube. Fl. solitary, nearly ses-
sile. Blade of Standard equal to haft, not

much dilated. Lts. 8-12, obovate. Stip.
semihastate. Leg. hairy. a. 4, 5. Corn,
s. Hur.

31. spuria. Villous. Teeth of Cal. not
a quarter as long as tube. Fl. 1-2, somewhat
stalked. Blade of Standard twice as long as
haft, and much broader. Lts. 6-12; lower
obcordate; upper oblong. Stip. semihastate ;
uppermost ovate. Leg. elliptico-oblong, hairy.
a. 3,4. Sic.

ii. Standard smooth.
a. Teeth of Calyx nearly equal.

32. pimpinelloides. Teeth of Cal. nearly
equal; longest exceeding tube. Fl. usually
solitary, nearly sessile. Lts. of lower L. in-
cise. Stip. marked. Leg. erect, oblong, hair-
less. a. 4,5. Shade. Albano. Marino.

33. oroboides. Teeth of Cal. nearly
equal, somewhat recurved; longest equal to
tube. Fl. 3-6. Its. 4-6, ovato-lanceolate,
acuminate. Cirrhus 0. Stip. very small,
ovato-lanceolate. Leg. linear, hairless. p. 6, 7.
Woody hills. Sty. Carn. Carinthia.

34. peregrina. Teeth of Cal. nearly
equal ; longest equal to tube, incurved. FI. soli-
tary, stalked. Blade twice as long as haft, deeply
emarginate. Lts. 10-14, linear, truncate, hair-
less. Stip. semihastate, entire. Leg. lanceolate,
somewhat pubescent. a. 5, 6. Corn. s. Eur.

35. sativa. Teeth of Cal. nearly equal,
and equalling tube. Fl. 2, sessile. Blade of
Standard equal to haft. Lts. 10-14; lower
obcordate ; upper elliptico-oblong. Stip. den-
tate, marked. Leg. oblong, downy, nearly
erect. a.5,6. Cult.

36. angustifolia. Teeth of Cal. nearly
equal, and equalling tube. FI. usually soli-
tary. Blade of Standard equal to haft. Ls.
6-10; of lower L. obcordate ; of upper linear.
Stip. dentate, marked. Leg. linear, spreading,
smooth when ripe. a. 5, 6. Fields.

B. Bobarti. Fi.solitary. Lts. of upper L.
linear, truncate.

37. maculata. “Teeth of Cal. as long as
tube, spotted on the sinus. Ls. obcordate,
mucronate. Stip. semisagittate, dentate;
marked; the lower ones narrower, entire.

Leg. 1-2, erect, hairless. a. 3-5. Hedges
and thickets. Sic. Differs from V. Cosentini
in lower Stip. and Teeth of Cal.’—Guss.

38. heterophylla. “ Lts. pubescent, mu-
eronate; lower obovate; upper oblong, ob-
tuse. Stip. semisagittate, dentate ; uppermost
marked. Leg. linear, solitary, erect, hair-
less. Seeds small, globose. a. 4,5. Sandy
beds of torrents. s.e. Sic. Perhaps a variety
of V. maculata.” —Guss.

39. Gosentini. “Teeth of Cal. longer
than tube. Lts. pubescent, oblong or lineari-
cuneate, mucronate, truncate or emarginate,
obtuse. Lower Stip. broad, laciniate, un-
marked; upper semisagittate, with spot. Leg.
1-2, linear, erect, hairless. Seeds elliptic,
compressed. a. 4,5. Corn and grass. Ca-
tania. Lts. narrower, and Leg. smaller and
more compressed and torulose than im V. sa-
tiva.” —Guss.

40. cuneata. “Pubescent. Stems short.
Teeth of Cal. lanceolate, acuminate, as long as
tube. Fl. solitary. Lis. obcordate or lneari-
cuneate, deeply emarginate, mucronate. Stip.
semisagittate, dentate, marked. Leg. lneari-
lanceolate, compressed, spreading, hairless.
Seeds globose, somewhat compressed, of a vel-
vety black. a. 3, 4. Corn. s. Sic. Has
the appearance of V. \athyroides.’”—Guss.

41. cordata. Cal. cylindrical. Teeth
lanceolato-subulate, nearly equal, as long as
tube. Fl. 1-2, nearly sessile. Lts. 10-14 ;
of the lower L. obcordate; of upper lineari-
cuneate, deeply emarginate. Leg. linear. Seeds
globose, variegated. a. Corn. Carn. adr. G.

42. lathyroides. Teeth of Cal. lineari-
subulate, nearly equal, shorter than tube. FI.
solitary, nearly sessile. Lis. 4-6, obovate; of
upper L. narrower, truncate. Stip. semisagit-
tate, entire. Leg. linear, hairless. Seeds cu-
bical! granular. a. 4,5. Gravelly.

43. amphicarpa. Cal. cylindrical. Teeth
equal, linear, half as long as tube. Lower
Lts. obcordate, mucronate; upper linear, re-
tuse and mucronate. Upper Leg. lneari-ob~
long, inclined, reticulate ; lower subterraneous,
ovate, compressed. a. 4. Dry gravel. Mtp.
Toulon. i ;

44. grandiflora. Teeth of Cal. straight,
nearly equal, half as long as tube. Fl. 2-4.
Standard obovate. lLts. 10-14, obcordate or
oblong. Stip. ovate. Leg. spreading, oblong,
hairless. a. b. 5,6. Shade. It. adv. G.

- 45. pyrenaica. Teeth of Cal. nearly

106

equal, one-fourth as long as tube. Fl. solitary.
Blade of Standard very broad, emarginate ;
twice as long as haft. lLts. obcordate. Stip.
semihastate. Leg. oblongo-linear. p. 6-9.
Pastures. Pyr.

b. Teeth of Calyx unequal, two upper
shorter.

46. sepium. Upper Teeth of Cal. very
short, incurved; longest tooth shorter than
tube. Fl. 38-4. Blade of Standard about
equal to haft. Its. 10-12, ovate. Stip. semi-
hastate. Leg. oblongo-lanceolate. p. 5, 6.
Shade.

e. Leeth of Calyx unequal, 2, 2, and 1.

47. leevigata. Teeth of Cal. somewhat
unequal; longest equal to tube. Fl. soli-
tary. Lts. about 8, elliptico-lanceolate. Stip.
cloven, not marked. Leg. elliptic, quite
smooth. p- 7, 8. Among pebbles on sea-
shore. Weymouth.

48. lutea. Shortest Teeth of Calyx shorter
than tube. Fl. solitary, nearly sessile. Stan-
dard emarginate. Lts. 10-16, oblong. Leg.
hairy, horizontal. a. 6,7. Corn. Eng. rare.
s. Hur.

49, hirta. Very hirsute. Shortest Teeth
of Cal. longer than tube. Fl. solitary, sessile.
Lts. of lower L. obovate or oblong; of upper
linear, acute. Lower Stip. bipartite, marked.
Leg. oblongo-lanceolate, very hairy. a. 4-6.
Open cult. Rome. Sie.

50. tricolor. Teeth of Cal. about equal
to tube. Fl. 3, inclined. Lts. 10-18, ob-
long, villous beneath. Stip. small, semihas-
tate, marked. Leg. lineari-lanceolate, reflexed,
smooth. a.4,5. Thickets and banks. It.

51. marbonensis. Longest Teeth of Cal.
equal to tube. Fl. 1-3. Lts. about 6, oval.
Sutures of Leg. serrato-ciliate. a.5,6, Cult.

Fr. adr. G. It.
B. serratifolia. LL. and stipules deeply ser-
rate.
52. Faba. Teeth of Cal. unequal, 2, 2,

and 1; longest shorter than tube. FI. 2-4.
Lts. of upper L. 4 or 6, obovate, acuminate.
Cirrhi 0! Leg. coriaceous, pubescent. a.
6,7. Escapes from cultwation.

198. ERVUM.

A. Style filiform, equally hairy all round.

1. hirsutum. Stalks 2—6-flowered, about
equal to L. Cal. Teeth lineari-lanceolate, some-

197. VICIA.

what longer than tube. Leg. oblong, hirsute °
2-seeded. Lts. about 12, linear. Stip. semi-

hastate. a. 6,7. Cult.
B. pubescens. Stip. linear. Leg. torulose.
Lucania.

2. tetraspermum. Stalks 1—2-flowered,
without awn, about equalling L. Cal. Teeth
shorter than tube. Leg. oblong, smooth. Seeds

4, subglobose. Ls. 4-8, linear. Stip. semi-
hastate. a.6,7. Cult. Not in Sic.
8. gracile. Stalks 1-4-flowered, awned,

at last twice as long as L. Cal. Teeth shorter

than tube. Leg. linear, smooth. Seeds 6.
Its. 6-8, linear. Stip. semihastate. a. 6, 7.
fields. J. of Wight. s. and m. Eur.

4, Bibersteinii. “Cal. Teeth limeari-se-
taceous, much longer than tube. Leg. com-
pressed, somewhat hairy. Seeds 4-6, subglo-
bose. Its. 4-6, pubescent, oblong, mucronu-
late; upper lanceolate. Stip. entire, semisa-
gittate; upper linear. a.3,4. Hill thickets.
Sic.”—Guss.

5. monanthos. Stalks 1-flowered, as long
as L. Cal. Teeth longer than tube. Leg. el-
liptico-oblong, hairless. Seeds about 3. Lis.
about 14, linear, truncate, emargimate. One
Stip. sessile, linear, entire ; the other stalked,
semilunar, deeply laciniate. a. 6,7. Cult.
Rhine. s. Fr. Nice.

6. Ervilia. Rac. 2—3-flowered, shorter
than L. Cal. Teeth much longer than tube.
Leg. oblong, contracted between the seeds.
Lts. about 20, oblong, mucronulate. Stip.
semihastate. a.6, 7. Corn. s. G.s. Fr.

B. Style somewhat flattened at top, marked
with a line of hairs.

7. Lens. Stalks 2-3-flowered, awned,
equalling L. Cal. Teeth three or four times
as long as tube, and equalling corolla. Leg.
somewhat rhomboid, smooth, 2-seeded. ts.
about 12. Upper L. ‘with simple cirrhi. Stip.
semicordate. a.6,7. Cult. and escapes. s.
Eur.

8. nigricans. Pubescent. Stalks about 2-
flowered, awned, exceeding L. Cal. Teeth three
times as long as tube, and equalling corolla.
Leg. somewhat rhomboid, smooth. Seeds 2.
Its. 6-10. Cirrhi generally wanting. Stip.
semihastate, denticulate at base. a.4,5. Dry
hills. Sic.

9. Lenticula. Stalks 1-flowered, not awned,
exceeding L. Cal. Teeth longer than tube,
shorter than corolla, Leg. (somewhat rhomboid,

LEGUMINOS. 107

Kocu) pubescent. Seeds 2, globose, with black
dots. Lts. 6-8, linear. Cirrhi generally want-
ing. Stip. very small, semihastate. Margin
entire. a. 4-6. Dry stony. Carinthia. Rome.
K. Nap. Sic.

B. uniflorum. Leg. smooth. Stip. dentate.

199. PISUM,

1. sativum. Stalks 1—2-flowered. Seeds
globose. Lis. 6, ovate. Stip. semicordate at
base, exceeding common flower-stalk. a. 5—7.
Cult.

2. arvense. Stalks usually 1-flowered.
(Seeds angulato-impressed, Kocu.) Lis. 4-6,
roundish, ovate. Stip. semicordate, dentate at
base, exceeding common flower-stalk. a. Hs-
capes. Naturalized in woods. ‘Tivoli.

3. elatius. Stalks 1—2-flowered. Lts. about
6, elliptic or oblong. Stip. semicordate, den-
tate at base, not half as long as common flower-
stalk, a.P? 6? Zhichkets. Istria.

4, maritimum. Stalks many-flowered,
shorter than L. Lts. 5-8, elliptic, entire. Stip.
hastate, with acute auricles. (a. DC.) p. 7.
Stony shores. s. Eng. Pic. ? Ger.

200. LATHYRUS.

A. Standard even at base.

i. Stalks many-flowered. Plant perennial.
a. One pair of Lts. Sp. 1-5.
b. More than one pair. Sp. 6-8,

ii. Stalks 1-3-flowered. Plant annual.
a. Notrue L. Sp. 9, 10.
b. One pair of Lts. Sp. 11-23.
ce. More than one pair. Sp. 24.

B. Standard with a conical protuberance on
each side of base. Sp. 25-30.

A. Standard even at base.
i. Perennial. Stalks many-flowered.
a. One pair of Lts.

1. tuberosus. Stalk 3—6-flowered, three
times as long as L. Cal. veinless. Teeth
broadly acute. Leg. reticulate. Seeds smooth.
Stems 4-edged. Its. elliptico-oblong. Stip.
semisagittate. 7. punk. p. 7, 8. Fields.
m, and s. Hur.

2. pratensis. Stalks twice as long as L.
Cal. nerved. Teeth finely acute. Leg. obtusely
veined. Seeds smooth. Stem 4-edged. its.
lanceolate, nerved.. Stip. large, sagittate. 7.
yellow. p. 6,7. Most meadows.

3. sylvestris. Stalks 3—8-flowered, as
long as L. Leg. oblongo-linear, reticulate.
Seeds warty, half surrounded by hilum. Wing
of L.-stalk much narrower than that of stem.
p. 7, 8. Woods and thickets.

4, platyphyllos. Stalks exceeding L.
Leg. oblongo-linear. Seeds somewhat warty,
half surrounded by hilum, Wing of L.-stalk
as wide as that of stem. yp. 7, 8. Thichets.
n. and m. Ger.

5. latifolius. Stalks exceeding L. Leg.
oblongo-linear, reticulate. Hilum only occu-
pying one-third of circumference of seed.
Wing of L.-stalk as wide as that of stem. p.
7, 8. Austria. Istria.

a, Lts. about | inch wide, 24 long.

B. ensifolia. ts, about =), inch wide, 74

long. Liz compliance with Koch, I joim
this to L. latifolius.

b. More than one pair of Lts.

6. heterophyllus. Stalks 6—8-flowered,
exceeding L. Leg. oblongo-linear, reticulate.
Seeds warty. Hilum occupying hardly one-
third of the circumference. Wide wings to L.-
stalk and stem. Lower L. with only 1 pair of
Lts. p. 7, 8. Mountain thickets. m. Kur.

7. palustris. Smooth. Stalks3—5-flowered,
somewhat exceeding L. Cal. Teeth triangular,
shorter than tube. Stem winged. L.-stalk
not winged. Lts. 6, nervoso-venose, oblong.
p. 7, 8. Boggy meadows. oce.

8. cirrhosus. “Smooth. Stalks many-
flowered, exceeding L. Cal. Teeth unequal,
narrow, shorter than tube. Leg. oblong, finely
reticulate. Stem winged. L.-stalk winged.
Lts. 5-6, elliptic, reticulate. Tendrils very
much branched. Olette in Pyr. Cors.”—DC.,
who puts this among the annual plants, with
JSrom \ to 3 flowers.

ii, Annual. Stalks \-3-flowered.
a. No true L.

9. Aphaca. Stalks 1-flowered. Tendrils
filiform. Stip. large and leaf-like, sagittato-
cordate. a. 6-8. Sandy fields. oce.

10. Wissolia. Stip. small, subulate. Staik

dilated into a grass-like L. Tendrils 0. a.5.
Gravelly banks. oce. ;

b. One pair of Lis.

ll. spheericus. Stalks short, thick, 1-
flowered, awned. Cal. Teeth finely acute, longer
than tube. Leg. linear, nervoso-striate, hair-

P 2

108 200. LATHYRUS.

less. Seeds about 10, smooth. Hilum ovato- .
oblong. Stem 4-edged. Lts. ensiform, nerved.
a. 3-5. Dry open. s. Kr. It.

12. stans. Stalks 1-flowered, shorter than
L.-stalk, with joming near the base, and a
small bracteole instead of awn. Leg. linear,
venoso-striate, hairless. Seeds 10-15, smooth.
Hilum nearly circular. Ovary hairless. a.
6,7. Corn. Fiume. Osero.

13. incenspicuus. Stalks very short, 1-
flowered, with minute bracteole. Cor. very
small, flat, venoso-striate. Leg. linear, downy.
Seeds 8-15, smooth. Lis. lineari-lanceolate,
finely nerved. a.6, 7. Istr. It. Rous. Lang.

14. micranthus. “Stalks 1-flowered, very
short. Cal. nearly as long as corolla. Leg.
straight, spreading, cylindrical, somewhat vil-
lous. Stem 4-edged. ts. lineari-lanceolate.
Tendrils simple, very short. Standard purple.
a.? Fields. Provence. Perhaps a var. of
L. inconspicuus.”—DC.

15. angulatus. Smooth. Stalks 1-flow-
ered, filiform, equalling L., awned near the top.
Cal. Teeth acute, as long astube. Leg. linear,
without veins or hairs. Seeds 10—15, tubercled,
Stem 4-edged. Lts. linear, acuminate. Ten-
drils trifid. a.6. Vineyards and corn. Fr.
Trieste. Vall.

16. annuus. Smooth. Stalks 1—2-flow-
ered, generally shorter than L. Bracteole very
small. Cal. Teeth lanceolate, hardly longer
than tube. J. yellow. Leg. oblong. Seeds
6-8, tubercled. Stemwinged. a. 5,6. Cult,
mdt. Fr. adr. Ger. It.

17. Cicera. Stalks 1-flowered. Bracteole
very small. Cal. Teeth lanceolate, two to three
times as long as tube. FV. purplish. Leg.
oblong, straight, and channeled on the back,
nearly four times as long as broad, reticulate,
hairless. Seeds about 4, smooth. Stem winged.

Lts. lineari-lanceolate. a.4-6. Cult. mat.
Fr. adr. Ger. It.
18. sativus. Stalks 1]-flowered. Brac-

teole very small. Teeth of Cal. lanceolate,
two to three times as long as tube. Leg. ovate,
winged and arched on the back, about twice as

long as broad. Seeds 4-5, smooth. Stem
winged. Lts. lineari-lanceolate. a. 5, 6.
Fields. m. Hur.

19. erythrinus. ‘Stalks 1-flowered, ex-
ceeding L.-stalk. Leg. oblongo-lanceolate,
compressed, nerved, not winged. Seeds angular.
Stems 4-edged. Lower Lis. lanceolate ; upper

long, linear. ‘Tendrils of lower L. wanting’
of upper 2-8-cleft. Stip. semisagittato-lan-
ceolate. a. 3-5. Open hills. Sic,” —Guss.

20. setifolius. Stalks 1-flowered, filiform,
shorter than L., with a minute bract near the
top. Teeth of Cal. acute, as long as tube. Leg.
semioval, reticulate, hairless. Seeds globose,
warty. Stem 4-edged. Ls. very narrow. a.
4—6. Stony. mdt. Kur.

21. hirsutus. Stalks 1-3-flowered, awned,
exceeding L., Teeth of Cal. triangular, acumi-
nate, nearly equal, as long as tube. Leg. oblong,
hirsute, veinless. Seeds about 6, globose, ver-
rucose. Stems winged. Its. elliptico-oblong.
a. 6,7. Corn. m. ands. Hur.

22. hirtus. “Stalks 1-flowered, hardly
exceeding L. Teeth of Cal. ovate, as long as

tube. Leg. oblongo-obovate, hirsute. Stems
4-edged (not winged). Seeds verrucoso-punc-
tate. Lts. oblong or obovate. Stip. semi-

sagittato-linear, hardly equalling L.-stalk. a.
DC. Lucania and Calabria.” —TEn.

23. odoratus. Stalks 2-3-flowered, far
exceeding L., not awned. Teeth of Cal. broad,
longer than #ube. Leg. oblong, veinless, hir-
sute. Seeds globose. Stems winged. Ls.
ovate. a. 5. Moist hedges and thickets. Sic.

c. More than one pair of Lts.

24. grandiflorus. Nearly smooth. Stalks
1-3-flowered, exceeding L. Teeth of Cal. very
unequal, shorter than the broad, campanulate
tube. Standard large, transversely elliptic.
Leg. oblongo-linear, hairless, _ reticulate.
Stem angular. Its. 5 pair. Stip. lineari-
lanceolate, semisagittate. p. 4-6. Moody
fills. Sic.—Guss.

B. Standard with a projection on each side
of base. Lower L.-stalks without Lts.
Stem and L.-stalks winged.

25. alatus. Stalks 2-3-flowered, exceeding
L. Teeth of Cal. unequal, shorter than tube.
Leg. flat, closely reticulate, hairless. Seeds
many, angular, mottled. Its. 6-8, lanceolato-
oblong. Stip. lanceolate, unequally sagittate.
a. Corn and hedges. Naples.

26. Clymenum. Stalk 2-6-flowered,
equalling L. Teeth of Cal. unequal ; longer as
long as tube. Leg. oblong, compressed, slightly
reticulate, the seminiferous suture tumid. Seeds
mottled, compressed. Lower Lts. 5-6, oblong.
Stip. semisagittate. a.5, 6. elds. mat.
Fr. It.

LEGUMINOS&. 109

27%. tenuifolius. Stalk 2—3-flowered, ex-
ceeding L. Teeth of Cal. nearly equal, shorter
than tube. Leg. oblong, compressed, hairless.
Seeds smooth, grey with black spots. Lower
L.-stalks linear, acuminate; upper with 5-6
linear L. Lower Stip. very small or wanting ;
upper semisagittate, large, a.3,4. Melds,
woods, and thickets. Sic.

28. articulatus. Stalk 2-8-flowered,
equalling L. Teeth of Cal. nearly equal, shorter
than tube. Leg. knobby, slightly reticulate ;
seminiferous suture tumid. Seeds compressed,
velvety, black. Lower L.-stalks linear, acumi-
nate; upper with about 6 linear Lts. Stip.
semisagittato-lanceolate. ae s. Fr. Cors.

29. purpureus. “Stalk 1-flowered, shorter
than L. Lower Petioles lanceolate ; upper
with 4-6 ovato-lanceolate Lts. Stip. semi-
sagittato-lanceolate. Corn. e. Calab. L. alatus

of Fl. Gr. Fl. of the size of those of L. odo-
ratus.”—DC,
30. Ochrus. Stalk short, 1-flowered.

Teeth of Cal. somewhat unequal, as long as
tube. Leg. winged on the seminiferous suture.
Seeds numerous. Lower Petioles broad ; upper
with two or three ovate Lts. Lower Stip. 0;
upper ovate. a. 4,5. Corn. mat. Fr. It.

201. OROBUS.

A. Style flattened above, hairy on one side.
(O. atropurpureus seems hardly to agree
with this.)

i. One pair of Lis.

1. hirsutus. Hirsute. Race. few-flowered,
twice aslong as L. Teeth of Cal. subulato-seta-
ceous, nearly equal, much longer than tube.
Leg. compressed, hirsute. Ls. ovate, acute,

with parallel nerves. p. Woods. Sila in
Calabria.

ii. Several pair of broad Lts.

2. vernus. Stalks many-flowered. Fi.
somewhat secund, nodding. Upper Teeth of
Cal. very short ; lower lanceolato-triangular,
hardly as long as tube. Leg. smooth. Ls.
4—6, elliptic, acuminate, somewhat 3-nerved.
p. 4,5. Woods. Fr. Ger. It. Lorraine.

3. variegatus. Stalks many-flowered.
Upper Teeth of Cal. very short; lower lan-
ceolate, as long as tube. Leg. rough with
glands. Lts. 4—6, ovate, acuminate, somewhat
3-nerved. p.4,5. Woods. Trieste. s. It.
and Islands.

4. luteus. Rhizoma horizontal, with fili-

form fibres.
hardly as long as L.

Stalks many-flowered, ascending,
Teeth of Cal. unequal,
short. Leg. sessile. Seeds mottled, globose.
Lts. 6-10, elliptic, glaucous beneath. Stip.
dentate at base. p.5, 6. Mountain woods.
Fr. s. Ger. n. It.

5. niger. Rac. about 6-flowered, exceeding
L. Upper Teeth of Cal. very short; lower
subulate, about one-third as long as tube. Leg.
obscurely reticulate. Style geniculate. Stem
angular, flexuose. .Lts. 6-12, oval or ovate,
not nerved. Stip. lineari-lanceolate. p. 6, 7.
Woods. s, and m. Hur.

6. Jordani. ‘‘ Root of fasciculate tubers.
Stalks 4—6-flowered, twice as long as L. Style
geniculate. Leg. flat, hairless. Lts. 6-8, ob-
longo-lanceolate, cuspidate. Stip. semisagit-
tato-subulate. p. Mozst meadows. Lucania.”
—TEN.

7. tuberosus. Smooth. Rhizoma with
detached rounded tubers. Rac. 2—4-flowered,
hardly exceeding L. Upper Teeth of Cal. short
and broad, ovate; lower lanceolate, shorter
than tube. Leg. compressed, obscurely reticu-
late. ts. 6, oval, oblong, lanceolate, or even
linear, 3-5-nerved. Stip. semisagittate. p.
4,5. Woods.

iii. Lis. numerous, very narrow.

8. varius. “Stem winged, somewhat
branched towards the top. Lts. about 8, lineari- ~
lanceolate. Stip. semisagittate. Margin entire.
p- Woods. Near the chapel of Madonna della
Corona at the foot of Mte. Baldo. Standard
purple. Wings and Keel yellowish.’—Pouu.
very rare.

9. canescens. Stalks 3—5-flowered, twice
as long as L. Teeth of Cal. nearly equal, trian-
gular, shorter than tube. Leg. straight, com-
pressed, longitudinally reticulate. Stem4-edged.
Lts. about 6, linear, many-nerved. Stip. semi-
sagittato-subulate, about as long as common
stalk. p.6. Dau. Prov. Pyr.

10. albus. Rhizoma horizontal, with club-
shaped fibres. Rac. 5—8-flowered, exceeding L.
Teeth of Cal. lanceolate; lower much longest.
Leg. compressed, somewhat flexuose. Style
linear. Stem angular, winged at top. Lts. 3
pair, linear, nerved. Stip. semisagittate, broad,
much shorter than common stalk. p. 5, 6.
Mountain meadows, s.e. G. Abruzzi. Lucania.

ll. angustifolius. “Stalks many-flow-
ered, exceeding L. Fl. yellow. Stem simple.
Lts. 2-3 pair, ensiform, acute, nearly sessile.
Stip. subulate. p. Vicentine. Pdm.”— Pott.

110

12. atropurpureus. Rac. 10=16-flowered,
exceeding L, Fl. secund, nodding.
Teeth of Cal. very short; lower not one-third
as long as tube. Style filiform. Stigma glo-
bose. Leg. reticulato-nervose. Stem striate.
Lits. 2-3 pair, linear, acute, many-nerved, Stip.
semisagittate, very narrow, about half as long
as common stalk. a. 38,4. Moist meadows
and fields. Sic. e. Calabria.

13. sessilifolius. “Stalk exceeding L.
Teeth of Cal. nearly equal, linear, hardly as
long as tube. Style somewhat geniculate, some-
what club-shaped. Leg. narrow. Stem striate.
Lts. 2 pair, lineari-subulate, approximate. Stip.
semisagittato-subulate, much longer than com-
mon L.-stalk. p.”—DC. “ Shade. Imcania.”
—TEN.

14. saxatilis. Stalks 1-flowered, awned,
much shorter than L. Teeth of Cal. nearly
equal, triangular, nearly equal to tube. Leg.
oblong. Stems weak. ts. 2 pair, linear, ending
in three teeth! Stip. semisagittate, very small.
a. 4,5. Dry woods. mdt. Fr. Cal.

B. Style cylindrical, hairy all round.

15. sylvaticus. Ff]. numerous, at the
top of the stalk. Upper Teeth of Cal. very
short; lower subulate, shorter than tube. Seeds
1-3. Lis. numerous, oval. p. 5,6. Shady
hills. G. very rare. Br. rare.

In field cultivation we sometimes meet with
‘Phaseolus, a genus easily known by tts spirally
twisted keel. The common species are P.
multiflorus, with the stalk of the raceme ex-
ceeding the L., and P. vulgaris, zu which the
stalk of the raceme falls short of the L.

The Dolichos Catiang 7s said also to be
sometimes cultivated as a French bean.

Tribe V. PHASHOLEZ.

202. LUPINUS.

l.albus. Fl.-stalks alternate. Bracteoles 0.
Upper Lip of Cal. entire; lower tridentate.
Lts. obovato-oblong, villous beneath. a. 4, 5.
Cultwated im s. Kur. and escapes.

2. Termis. F1. alternate. Bracteoles seta-
ceous, adpressed. Upper Lip of Cal. entire or

Upper’

201. OROBUS.

Lts.
Cul-

somewhat bidentate; lower tridentate.
obovato-oblong, villous beneath. a. 5.
tiated in It. and escapes.

3. varius. Fl. alternate or in half whorls,
bracteolate. Upper Lip of Cal. bidentate ;
lower hardly tridentate. Lts. oblong, villous
beneath. a.5. Corn. s. Fr.

4. hirsutus. Rac. long. FI. alternate;
upper whorled. Bracts linear. Cal. bracteolate.
Upper Lip bipartite ; lower trifid, uch shorter
than corolla. Lts. 5-7, obovato-cuneate. Stem
and L.-stalk covered with spreading hairs. a.
5, 6. Corn. Mat.

5. Cosentini. “Downy. Rac. whorled.
Bracts ovato-lanceolate, acuminate. Cal. brac-
teolate. Upper Lip bipartite ; lower obsoletely
tridentate. Leg. silky. Its. 9-11, oblongo-
cuneate. a. 3, 4. Grassy, volcanic. Catania.”
—Guss.

6. micranthus. “Hairs rigid. Rae.
short. Fl. alternate. Bracts filiform. Cal.
bracteolate, nearly as long as corolla. Upper
Lip bipartite ; lower trifid. Stem with spread-
ing branches at base. Lis. obovato-spatulate.
Leg. hirsute. a. 4,5. Dry sandy. s. Sic.”
—Guss.

7. pilosus. “Fl.in whorled racemes. Cal.
hairy, bracteolate. Upper Lip bipartite ; lower
entire. Lts. oblong, villous. a.’—DC. Lue.
—TEN.

5

8. angustifolius. Fl. alternate. Bracts
ovate. Partial Stalks very short, bracteolate,
(ebracteolate, DC.) Upper Lip of Cal. bifid ;
lower entire. Leg. villous. Seeds 6, oval.
Lts. linear. Pubescence adpressed. a. 4, 5.
Dry, sandy. Fr. Sw. It.

9. linifolius. Bracts elliptic, acuminate.
Fl. alternate, bracteolate. Upper Lip of Cal.
bifid; lower somewhat trifid. Seeds globose.
Lts. linear, channeled. a:4,5. Open sandy.
Rome. Sic. ‘ Lts. broader than in L. angustz-

folius, Bracts more acuminate.” —Guss.
10. luteus. Fl. sessile, alternate, yellow.
Bracts ovato-lanceolate. Cal. bracteolate.

Upper Lip bipartite ; lower tridentate. Seeds
2-4, roundish. Lts. 7-11, oblong ; the lower-
most obovate. a. 4,5. Sandy alls. -s. Fr.
Sic.

111

XXXI. ROSACEA,

This order nearly coincides with the class Icosandria of Linneeus.

The Petals or Stamens

rise from a dise or tube connected with the calyx, and considered by Linneeus and others as

forming part of it.
the Petals, or indefinite and numerous.

The Tribes are :—

. AMYGDALEA.—Fruit a eae aa
deciduous

2. SPIRMA.— Fruit of severel follicles.
edges of the follicles. Calyx persistent

yes

3. DRYADEA.—Fruit of several a or is acini.

Tube open

4. SANGUISORBE. Frit of sev ofall dry, cndelimeent aa
Calyx persistent.

ment of Seed near to that of style.
at top, embracing the seed

f=)

. POME®.— Fruit a Pome of 1-4-5 cells

Tribe Il. AMYGDALEZ.
203. AMYGDALUS.

1. communis. L. lanceolate. Stalk at
least equal in length to half the width of L.
Serratures glandular. Tube of Cal. campanu-
late. Nut deeply pitted. s.T. 3,4. Calc.
rocks on shore. Sic.

2. nanus. L. lanceolate, on a short stalk.
Serratures without glands. Tube of Cal. cy-
lindrical. Nut nearly smooth. s.T. 4. Rocks.
Vienna, on the Danube.

3. Persica. L. lanceolate, on avery short
stalk. Drupe not bursting. Nut deeply

wrinkled and pitted. s.0.3,4. Cult. ix open
fields. s. Kurope.
204. PRUNUS.

&.. Fruit downy. Nut obtuse at one end.
Young L. convolute.

1. Armeniaca. ['l. sessile, solitary or in
pairs, before L. L. somewhat cordate. s.T.
3,4. Cult. in open fields. s. Europe.

2. brigantiaca. Il. nearly sessile, crowded,
coetaneous with L. lL. somewhat cordate,
acuminate. §S. 4. Briancon. Culz near Suza.

B. Fruit hairless, bloomy. Nut acute at

both ends. Young L. convolute.

3. spinosa. [H'r.-stalk generally solitary
(smooth ; young branches pubescent, Kocn).
L. elliptic or lanceolate. Branches thorny. Fl.
before the L. Fruit globose. S. 4,5. Hedges

The odd Lobe of the Calyx is at the top.
Germens 1 or more, each with its style.

Seeds 1 or 2, EE

The Stamens are some multiple of
L. alternate.

ite
Gen. 203, 204.

Seeds 1 6, sponded Por thie

. Gen. 205.
Calyx rarsibteh tl
i . Gen. 206-215.
Attach-
Tube contracted
Gen. 216, 217.

5. ROSEA!.—Disc of Calyx contracted ato a Healy the contashing ite said Gen. 218.

. Gen. 219-225.

and thickets —Boreau, Fl. du Centre, has
two varieties of this: B. macrocarpa, with an
ovoid Fr., much larger than ina.; and y. se-
rotina, with Fl. after L. He has also a P.
fruticans, with Fr.-stalks in pairs, and Fr. as
large as a small cherry.

A, insititia. Fr.-stalks usually in pairs
(downy ; young branches velvety, Kocu). L.
ovato-lanceolate. Branches ending in a spine.
Fl. before the L. Fr. globose. LS.5. Woods
and hedges.

5. domestica. [r.-stalks solitary or in
pairs (downy ; young branches smooth, Kocu).
L. ovato-lanceolate. No thorns. FI. somewhat
before L. Fr. oval. Woods and
hedges.

s.T. 5.

6. cerasifera. F'r.-stalks solitary (smooth ;
young branches smooth, Kocu). L. elliptic.
Fr. red, globose, pendulous. ‘T. 4,5. Cult
im Ger, and Fr.

7. Cocumilia. Everywhere hairless. Fr.-
stalks in pavs. L. obovate, acuminate at each
end, with glandular crenatures. Fr. yellow,
ovato-oblong, acute, the point somewhat re-
curved. s.S.4, Woods. Calabria.

8. prostrata. “Stem much branched,
procumbent. LL. ovato-elliptic, serrulate, to-
mentose beneath. Fl. usually im pairs. Stalks
very short. Tube of Cal. cylindrieal. Drupe
ovoideo-lenticular, hairy on the suture-like
margin. s.S. 5. High. Monte Oliena, Sard.”
BERT.

9. humilis. “Stem much branched, pro-

112

cumbent. L. ovate, sharply serrulate, hairless.
Fi. usually solitary, nearly sessile. Tube of Cal.
campanulate. Drupe ovoid, small, hairless. s.S.
6, 7. High. Mte. Gennargentu, Sard—BrErr.

C. Fruit without hairs or bloom. Nut sub-
globose. Young L. folded. Cerasus.
i. Flowers in umbels.
10. Avium. Umbels sessile. Scales of

the Flowering-buds leafless. LL. elliptic, acu-
minate, somewhat wrinkled, downy beneath.
Stalk with two Glands. T&T. 4,5. Woods.

11. Cerasus. Umbel nearly sessile. Scales
of the Flowering-buds leafy. LL. elliptic, acu-
minate, smooth. Glands of Stalks obsolete.
18. 4,5. Woods.

B. semperflorens. Umbel on a stalk pro-
ducing L. at the base, from which spring later
axillary flowers. Rio Freddo, Abr.

12. Chamezecerasus. Umbel nearly ses-
sile. Fruit-stalk exceeding L. Inner scales
of Flowering-buds leafy. LL. elliptic, smooth,
shining. Stalk without glands. low S. 4—5.
Rocky hills. Aus. Boh.

ii. Flowers in Racemes.
a. L. deciduous.

13. Mahaleb. Rac. corymbose. L. round-
ish ovate, somewhat cordate, obtuse, serrate.
s.T. 5,6. Stony woods. e. Fr. w. G. It.

14. Padus. Rac. cylindrical, pendulous. Lts.
elliptic, somewhat rugose, with two glands on
the stalk. 1S. 5. Moist thickets and hedges.

Two evergreen shrubs, P. lusitanica, with
Rac. exceeding L., and L. without glands, and
P. Laurocerasus, with a Rac. falling short of
L., and L. with 2-4 glands, are sometimes
admitted as ornaments of public walks.

Tribe II]. SPIRAZ.

205. SPIRAA.

A. Shrubs with simple L., and no Stipules.

1. ulmifolia. LL. ovate, acute, pubescent
beneath. Branches anguloso-striate. Corymbs
simple, terminal. s.S. 5,6. Rocky. Idria.
Wochein. Gortz in Carniola.

2. chameedryfolia. L. obovate or oblong,
attenuate, ciliate. Branches terete, smooth.
Corymb simple, terminal. s.S.5,6. Hills.
Carniola.

3. decumbens. L. obovate or oblong, at-
tenuate, hairless. Branches terete, smooth.

204. PRUNUS.

Corymbs terminal, compressed. s.S. 5, 6.
Mountains. Carniola.

4, hypericifolia. L. obovato-oblong, 3—
4-nerved. Nerves pinnate. Inflorescence in
sessile umbels or corymbs. s.S. 6, 7. Moun-
tain woods. Perhaps not indigenous.

a. L, quite entire, hairless. Berri.

B. L. erenulate at the top, and somewhat
downy. Cevennes.

5. salicifolia. L. oblongo-lanceolate. Rac.
united into a crowded panicle. s.S. 7. Moist
thickets. Wales. Cev. Boh. Carinthia. Carn.

6. flabellata. “rect. Lower L. obovato-
flabellate, elliptic, 3-lobed: the middle Lobes
larger and toothed ; upper obovato-lanceolate,
entire and tridentate. Corymbs lateral, nearly
sessile. §. 5,6. Spoleto. Aquila."—Berrr.

B. Herbs with pinnate L.

7. Aruncus. L. tripinnate. No Stipules.
p. 6,7. Woods. m. ands. Kur.

8. Ulmaria. L. interruptedly pinnate.
Stip. attached to stalk. Lateral Lts. ovate,
undivided; the terminal larger, 3—5-lobed.
Caps. hairless, twisted. p. 6,7. Moist.

9. Filipendula. L. interruptedly pin-
nate. ts. oblong, pinnatifido-incise. Lobes
serrate. Carpels erect, hairy. p. 6. Pastures.

Tribe III. DRYADEA.
206. DRYAS.

1. octopetala. IL. crenato-serrate, ob-
tuse. Stalks with small, linear, fringed scales.
Sepals three or four times as long as broad. p.
7, 8. Mountain pastures.

B. pilosa, Bas. L.-stalks without scales.

The shape of the Sepals varies in both these
forms.

2. depressa. IL. crenato-serrate, obtuse.
Stalks with small, linear, fringed scales. Base
of Cal. truncate, nearly flat. Divisions twice
as long as broad. p. 6.7. Calcareous moun-
tains. Ben Bulben, Sligo.—Bas.

207. GHUM.
A. Styles geniculate.

1. urbanum. Cal, of Fruit reflexed. Car-
pophore 0. Upper joint of Awn about a quarter
as long as lower, smooth, except sometimes
afew hairs at the base. Pet. obovate. Fi.
erect. Stem-L. ternate. Stip. large, roundish,
incise. p. 7,8. Moist hedges. ]

ROSACH A, 113

2. intermedium. Cal. of I'r. spreading.
Carpophore 0. Upper Joint of Awn about half
as long as lower; the lower part covered with
long hairs. Pet. round, on a short wedge-
shaped daw. J. often nodding. pp. 5, 6.
Mountain thickets, oce. Koch describes the
upper got of the Awnas only one-fourth of
the length of the lower.

3. pyrenaicum. ‘Upper Joint of Awn
hairy, as long as the lower. Plant hairy. Stems
erect, nearly simple, 1—4-flowered. LL. inter-
ruptedly pinnate. Lower Lis. ovate, dentate,
very small; terminal very large, cordato-reni-
form, biserrate. Stip. ovate, obtusely dentate.
Fl. nodding. Pet. obcordato-subrotund, on a
very short claw, exceeding calyx. Head of Fr.
depressedly spherical. Styles deflexed, rigid,
as long as the very hairy carpels. p. Pyr.”
—DC. “Pet. equal to calyx. Upper Joint
of Awn half as long as lower. p. 6, 7. Moist
meadows. Alps. Sud.” —Kocu, wader G. in-
clnatum, which seems to be the same thing.

4. sylvaticum. Cal. of Fr. erect. Carpo-
phore 0. Upper Joint of Awn smooth, nearly
equal to lower. Pet. obcordate. Ultimate Lt.
of root-L. very large. Stem-L. small. Stip.
lanceolate, somewhat dentate. 5,6. Woods.
s. Fr.

5. thomasianum. “ Lobes of Cal. ovate,
short. Pet. obovate, hardly exceeding calyx.
Stem erect, 1—3-flowered. Lis. of root-L.
nearly equal, obovate. Stem-L. 3-nerved.

Stip. ovate, somewhat doubly serrate. Mont
Louis and Fenestres in e. Pyr.’—DC.
6. rivale. Cal. of Fr. erect. Carpophore

nearly as long as calyx. Upper Jomt of Awn
as long as lower, feathered. Stem-L. ternate.
Stip. ovate. p.5,6. Mountain meadows.

-B. Style not joimted. Stem 1-flowered.

7. montanum. Runners 0. Terminal
Lt. very large. Stem-L. undivided. p. 6-8.
Mountain pastures. Alps. Apenn.

8. reptans. Runners prostrate. Termi-
nal Lt. not much larger than the others. Stem-
L. 3-lobed. p. 7,8. High rocky. Alps.

9. micropetaitum. “ Hirsute. Stems nu-
merous, decumbent, tufted. Lower-L. pinnato-
lyrate. Lts. oblong, acutely inciso-dentate.
Pet. roundish, equalling half calyx. Awns
hairy. p. 6,7. Between Muro and Laviano
in Lucania.”— Brrr.

208. RUBUS.

In this Genus, and in Rosa, the species run

so much into one another, that it seems impos-
sible to draw a clear and definite line between
two species, in almost any part of the series;
and yet, the various forms under which we
meet with them differ so widely as to prevent
us from uniting them all under one head. I
have endeavoured in both genera to charac-
terize the most remarkable forms, without at-
tending to all the intermediate gradations ; and
IT recommend the student to begin by making
himself master of these prominent forms, and
rejecting all specimens which he cannot refer
to one or other of them. When his eye is
become familiarized to these, he may investi-
gate the subject more minutely, and with a
better chance of success than if he had at first
perplexed himself with their endless varieties ;
and if he can hit upon more precise and defi-
nite characters to separate the species, he will
do an essential service to the science.

The principal difficulties in this Genus occur
in the tribe which has a tendency to produce
digitate L. These are not always produced ;
but the student will soon find it easy to dis-
tinguish the plants which belong to this divi-
sion. One mode of growth is common to all.
The Root sends out a strong shoot, which
the next year produces flowering and other
branches, and, fixing itself in the ground, not
unfrequently takes new root. When this is
done, the L. near to the new root begin to
turn back. The description of the Stem and
L. is taken from the middle of a strong healthy
shoot of the year, and the shape of the Lt.
from that of the middle one. Where any other
part of the plant is alluded to, it is distinctly
mentioned.

A. Herbaceous. Sp. 1-3.
B. Shrubby. L. pinnate.
©. Shrubby. L. digitate.
i. Stem erect, not rooting. Sp. 5, 6.
ii. Stem erect. Branches descending, and
sometimes rooting. Sp. 7.
iii. Stemarching or decumbent, without sete.
a. Cal. adpressed on Fr. Sp. 8, 9.
b. Cal. of Fr. spreading or deflexed.
* Lower Lis. overlapping. Sp. 10-14.
** Lts. 5, not overlapping.
7 Pr. on angles of stem. Sp. 15-20.
+t Pr. scattered. Sp. 21-23.

Sp. 4.

*e* Tits. 38. Sp. 24, 25.
iv. Stem arching or decumbent, furnished
with sete.

114 208. RUBUS.

‘

a. Cal. of Fr. reflexed.
* Pr. on angles of stem. Sp. 26-81.

** Pr. scattered. Sp. 32-41.
b. Cal. of Fr. spreading or erect. Sp.
42-44,,
Uncertam. Sp. 45.

A. Herbaceous.

1. Chamzmorus. L. simple, lobed,
plaited. Stem 1-flowered, without prickles. p.
6. Peaty hills. Br. un. G.

Lts. 3. Stem 1—3-flowered,
p. 5,6. High

2. arcticus.
without prickles or runners.
stony moors. Sec.?

3. saxatilis. Lts. 3. Stem few-flowered,
somewhat prickly, with long herbaceous run-

ners. p. 6. Cale. mountains.
B. Shrubby. L. never digitate.
4. idseus. Stems nearly erect, round,

downy and prickly. L. pinnate, of 3 or 5 Lts.,
white beneath. s.S. 5,6. Thickets.

CG. Shrubby. L. digitate.

i. Stem erect, or nearly so. Prickles smalt,
confined to angles of stem.

5. suberectus. Stemangular. Fully de-
veloped L. pinnato-digitate. Lis. flexible ;
lowermost pair nearly sessile. Cal. of Fr. re-
flexed. S. 6-8. Boggy thickets. n. Wales. Se.

6. plicatus. Stem angular. Pr. nearly
straight. Lis. plaited; outer somewhat stalked.
Pan. anearly simple corymb. s.8.7, 8. Sandy

or stony. un. and m. Hur.
B. fissus. Middle Lt. sometimes divided
into three.

ii. Stem nearly erect. Branches descend-

ing, and often rooting.

7. nitidus. “Stem angular, shining,
smooth. Pr. nearly straight, directed down-
wards. Its. 5, shining above, green and pu-
bescent beneath. Lower pair stalked, and not
overlapping the intermediate pair. Pan. com-
pound, leafy. Rachis polished. S. 7,8. Hedges
and thickets.’ —BaB.

iii. Stem procumbent or arched, and return-
ing to ground uf not supported. With-
out seta.

a. Calyx of Fruit adpressed.
8. Salteri. ‘“ Stem procwmbent, somewhat
hairy. Pr. straight, directed downwards. Ls.
5, hairy above, downy beneath. Lower pair

shortly stalked, not overlapping. Pan. narrow.
S. 7, 8. I. of Wight.”—Bas.

9. tenuis. “Stem procumbent, terete, hair-
less. Pr. deflexed, equal, stout. Lits. usually
3, nearly smooth above, green and downy be-
neath. Pan. decompound. Fr. of a few large
grains. Resembles R. cesius. S. 7, 8. s.
Eng.”’—Bas.

b. Calyx of Fruit spreading or reflexed.
* Outer Lts. overlapping the wtermediate.

10. fastigiatus. “Stem decurved or
procumbent, angular, hairless. Pr. few, declin-
ing, on the angles of the stem. Lis. 5, flat.
Pan. nearly simple, leafy, corymbose at the
end. §. 8,9. Thick woods. Dumfries-shire.”
—Bas., who places this with the erect species.

ll. affinis. Stem angular, hairless. Pr.
on the angles. Lts. 5, not hoary; the outer
nearly sessile. Pan. lax, compound, with cy-
mose branches. s.$.7,8. Heaths and thickets.

n. and m. Hur.

12. Grabowskii. “ Stem arched, angular,
hairless. Pr. deflexed from a dilated base.
Lts.5, cordate, abruptly cuspidate, hairless and
dull above, downy and grey beneath. Pan.
somewhat cylindrical, leafy at base. S. 8.
Leicestershire.”—Bas.

13. corylifolius. Stem nearly round. Pr.
numerous, conical, straight, scattered. Lis. 5,
flat, softly hairy beneath. Sepals of Fr. re-
flexed. S. 7,8. Hedges and thickets.

14. balfourianus. Stem terete. Pr. slen-
der, straight, scattered. Lts. 5, soft and paler
beneath. Pan. corymbose. Bracts leaf-like,
trifid. Sepals setose, erect, or clasping the
hemispherical fruit. &. 8. near Rugby.

** Tits. 5, not overlapping.
{ Prickles on angles of Stem.

15. cordifolius. Stem nearly hairless.
Pr. all nearly alike. Ls. coriaceous, cordato-
orbicular, green above, hoary beneath ; outer
stalked. Pan. very compound. S&S. 7, 8,
Hedges and thickets.

B. rhamnifolius. Lts. ovate.

16. discolor (fruticosus of Smiru). Stem
clothed with fine close hairs. Lts. 5, subro-
tund, with a close, white, dull tomentum be-
neath. Margin deflexed. S. 7, 8. Hedges
and thickets.

B. argenteus. Pr. crowded.

R. precox of BERT. is probably a var. of this.

17. leucostachys. Stem clothed with

ROSACEA.

long spreading hairs. Lts. 5, roundish, flat,
covered beneath with pale, shaggy, and some-
what glittering hairs. §. 7,8. Tickets. n.
Bur. TI include with this R. pubescens and
R. vestitus of V7. and N.

18. carpinifolius. Stem hairy, at first
erect. Prickles strong, curved. Lts. 5, ovate,
acuminate, green and downy beneath. Pan.
nearly cylindrical; the branches short and few-
flowered. S. 7, 8. Hedges and thickets. u.
Eur. oce. [According to Dr. Bell Salter, the
mode of growth is like that of R. nztidus ; and
Babington asseuts to this; so that its place in
the arrangement is doubtful. |

19. sylvaticus. “Stem hairy, always
loose and straggling. Pr. numerous, straight.
Its. 5, green, soft, and somewhat glittering
beneath. Pan. compressed, leafy. Branches
short. &. 7,8. Occ.’—Bas.

20. macrophyllus. Stem hairy, diffuse.
Pr. few, small, and straight. Lts. 5, elliptico-
oblong, thin, pale green and downy beneath.
Pan. corymbose. Branches ascending. S.
7, 8. Woods. wu. Bur. Includes R.Schlech-
tendalii, VW. and N.

+1 Prickles scattered, unequal.
hairy.

21. leightonianus. “Stem somewhat an-

ar. Pr. straight, numerous, subulate, on
a dilated hairy base. Its. 5 or 5, pale green
and hairy beneath, doubly apiculato-dentate.
Pan. leafy below, with short, few-flowered,
densely hairy and setose, divaricate branches.
S.7,8. Eng. occ.’—BaB., who insists much
on the peculiar toothing of the L.

Stem

22. Borreri. “Stem procumbent. Pr.
numerous, unequal, long, slender, deflexed.
Lts. 5, of the same colour on both sides,
broadly obovato-lanceolate. Pan. corymbose ;
the lower branches long and decompound.
Cal. of hemispherical Fr. erecto-patent. SS. 6.
Eng. oce.”—Bas.

23. villicaulis. Stem closely covered with
spreading hairs. Pr. straight, crowded. Lts.
5, elliptico-ovate, hoary and shaggy and some-
what glittering beneath; all stalked. S. 7.
Thickets. Sil., &. Differs from sylvaticus
in the scattered prickles, from leightonianus
in the toothing of the L., and from Borreri vz
the fruit.

*x* Leaflets 3.

24. Sprengelii. Pan. with a few long,
spreading, villous, few-flowered branches. Lts.

Q

ry

115

3, ovate, acute, green beneath. S.7. Woods
and thickets. Minden, Ger.

25. linkianus. “Stem nearly erect,
densely villous. Pr. hooked, ts. all stalked,
hoary beneath. Pan. simple. &S. 6. Thickets
near Palermo.”—Guss,

iv. Stems arched or decumbent, furnished
with sete.
a. Calyx of Fruit reflexed.
* Prickles on angles of stem.

26. Babingtonii. “Stem sulcate, hair-
less? Pr. stout and short. Setee and Aciculi
numerous. Lts. mostly 3, crenato-dentato-
mucronate, downy and pale green beneath.
Pan. very compound, often more than two
Jeet long. %. 7%. Selborne.

“6. Bloxamu. Stem angular. Pr. small.
Branches of Pan. short, few-flowered.
Warwickshire.”’—Bas.

27. Lingua. Stem somewhat angular. Pr.
nearly straight. Aciculi, sete, and hairs few
and short. Lis. 3 or 5, nearly smooth above,
hairy beneath. Pan. lax. Branches very long,
mostly 1-flowered. Floral L. large and simple.
S. 7,8. Devon. Jersey. Ger.

28. seaber. Stem round, somewhat hairy.
Pr. curved. Lis. 3 or 5, unequally and finely
serrato-oboyate, pale and hairy beneath. Pan.
compound. Cal. with a leafy termination. S.
Minden.

29. rudis. Stem hairy, slightly furrowed.
Pr. stout, deflexed. Lis. 5, ovate, doubly and
coarsely serrate, dull above, soft and white be-
neath. Pan. much branched, long, leafy, naked

at the end. Sepals lanceolate, reflexed, mostly
with a leaf-like point. &.7, 8. Hedges and
thickets. Eng. Ger.

30. Radula. Stem angular. Pr. slender,
from a thick base. Lts. 5, unequally and finely
serrate. Pan. long, leafy, naked at the end,
with short corymbose branches. Sepals re-
flexed, without a leaf-like point. SS. 7, 8.
Hedges and thickets. oce.

31. fuscus. Stem hairy and glandular.
Lts. 5, cordato-ovate, paler and downy beneath.
Separate Fl.-stalks short and prickly. S. 7-9.
R. foliosus and pallidus, W. and N., probably
belong to thes.

** Prickles scattered.

32. rosaceus. Stem somewhat angular.
Pr. unequal, mixed with glands and setee. Its.
8, cordato-subrotund, green beneath. Pan.

9

116 208. RUBUS.

leafy. Branches corymbose. Cal. with a leaf-
like termination. &. 7. lower Rhine.

33. Schleicheri. Stem nearly terete. Pr.
unequal, mixed with hairs, glands, and sete.
Lts. 3, obovate, acuminate, green and softly
downy beneath. Inflorescence racemose. .
7,8. Ger. Eng.?

34. glandulosus (Bellardi, W.andN.).
Stem round. Pr. small, slender, mixed with
hairs, glands, and sete. ts. 3 or 5, elliptic,
pale green and downy beneath. Pan. com-
pound, &.7, 8. Ger. Eng. Cal. of Fr.
sometimes reflexed, when there seems little to
distinguish this species from R. Gimtheri ;
sometimes erect, when it is separated from
R. cesius by the want of bloom on the stem.

35. humifusus. “Stem procumbent,
hairy, setose. Pr. numerous, very slender and
unequal, declining. Lis. 3 or 5, cordato-ovate.
Pan. branched, leafy below. Lower branches
3—4-flowered ; upper 1-flowered. Stem, flower-
ing-shoot, and Fl.- and L.-stalks beautifully
clothed with long, slender prickles, purple at
base, and passing insensibly into long, slender
sete. &. 7,8. Perthshire.’—Bas.

36. Guntheri. Stem somewhat angular.
Pr. numerous, wnequal, some of them stout
though short, mixed with hairs and glands.
Lts. ovate, acuminate, green beneath. Pan.
thyrsoid, compound. §. 8. Ger. Eng. Sw.

37. incanescens. “ Stem angular, hirsute
in the upper part. Pr. on a much dilated base.
Lits. 3, smooth above, tomentose beneath. Pan.
compound, pyramidal, divaricate, very villous,
hispido-glandulose, and armed with numerous
hooked prickles. Pet. cblong. §.5. Sar-
zana.”—BERrT.

38. tomentosus. Stem angular. Pr.
hooked. Ls. 3 or5,elliptic-oblong, incise, hoary
above, white beneath. Pan. compound, elon-
gated. S. 6-8. Calc. hills. m. ands. Eur.
Bertoloni says that there are no sete on this
plant. I find them almost always present on
the barren shoots, and there is generally a
great number of small prickles.

39. fuseo-ater. ‘Stem decumbent, an-
gular, slightly hairy. Pr. numerous, unequal,
straight. Lts. 5, dull above, soft, shining, and
silky beneath, cordato-ovate, acuminate, wavy ;
lower pair overlapping the intermediate. Pan.
with corymbose branches, leafy below. S. 7, 8.
Eng. occ.” —BaB.

40. Keoehleri, Pr., Aciculi, and Sete yery |

numerous and very unequal, straight, hori-
zontal. Lts.5, obovate, acuminate, dull above,
hairy, soft, and shining beneath; all stalked,
the lower not overlapping. Pan. decompound,
naked at summit. $.7,8. Hedges and thickets.
Including RX. infestus.

Al. Wfahlbergii. ‘“ Stem obtusely angu-
lar, with few or no hairs or sete. Pr. nume-
rous, very unequal. Its. 5, broadly ovate;
those on the flowerig-shoot cordate, broad
below. Pan. long, leafy, prickly. Pet. obo-
vate, often much like R. corylifolius. S. 8.
s. of Eng.”—Bas.

b. Calyx of Fruit erect.

42. hirtus. Stem round, very hairy. Pr.
crowded, long and straight. ts. 5, cordate,
acuminate, glittering beneath. Branches of
Pan. corymbose. &. e. Ger.

43. nemorosus. Stem angular, hairy. Pr.
numerous, straight, deflexed. Lis. 5, paler but
dull beneath; the outer sessile. Mr. black. S.
6-8. Thickets. Shropshire. Ger.

44. czesius. Stem prostrate, nearly round,
pruinose. Pr. small, slender, deflexed. Ls.
usually 8, paler and downy beneath; outer
sessile. s.S.6,7. Bushy banks.

The following I do not know where to
place :—

45. velutinus. “Stem angular, furrowed.
Pr. strong, nearly straight. Lts. usually 3,
hoary beneath; outer sessile. Claw of the
Pet. as long as calyx! s.S. Boh.”—Vest,
in BLUFF and FINGERHUT.

209, FRAGARIA.

1. vesea. With Runners. Cal. of Fr.
spreading or reflexed. Hairs of L.-stalks
very spreading; of Fr.-stalk adpressed. FI.
somewhat cymose. Hr. hanging. p. 5, 6.
Woody hills.

2. calycina. “Cal. nearly as long as co-
rola. Fl.in a corymb. Stalks longer than
scape. Lts. sessile, cuneato-subrotund. p. 5.
Woods. Bois des Fenches near Chantilly.””—
Lots.

3. ecollina. With Runners. Cal. of Fr.
adpressed. Hairs of L.-stalks very spreading ;
of Fr.-stalks adpressed. p. 5,6. Unceult. hills.
Fr. Ger.

4. elatior. With Runners. Somewhat di-
ecious. Cal. of Fr. spreading or retlexed.
Hairs of L. and Fl.-stalks very spreading or
deflected. p.6, 7. Woody hills. Eng. Fr. G.

ROSACEA. 117

5, hagenbachiana. “ Cal. of Fr. adpress-
ed. Stamens equalling the germens. Hairs
of Stem and L.-stalk horizontal; of the lateral
Fr.-stalks erect. L. on long stalks. Stalk of
middle Lt. one-fourth as long as Lt. p. 5, 6.
Stony hills. Brisgau.”—Kocu. Fr. I take wt
on the authority of Koch, that this is the ¥.
Majaufea of DC., and also that it is different
from ¥. collina.

6. breslingea. ‘‘Lts. plicate, somewhat
coriaceous, greener; hairs longer and firmer.
Pet. narrower, yellowish-white. Sepals longer,
erecto-adpressed after flowering, adhering to
receptacle. Seeds more turgid. p. Fr.’—DC.
The comparatives probably refer to ¥. Majautea,
which precedes this in the * Prodromus.’

210. COMARUM.

1. palustre. IL. quinato-pimnate. 7.
dark purple. p.7. Peaty. un. and m. Eur.

211. POTENTILLA.

Plant shrubby. Sp. 1.
B. L. pinnate. Plant herbaceous. Sp. 2-6.
C. L. digitate. Fl. yellow. Seeds hairless.
i. L. ternato-digitate. Sp. 7-14.
#i. Root-L. quinato-digitate. Stem-L. ge-
nerally ternate or simple, few.
a. Fl. solitary. Sp. 15-17.

A. L. pinnate.

b. Fl. panicled. Sp. 18-24.

iii. Stem-L. quinate, numerous. Its. of
root-L. often 7.
a. Seeds not bordered. Sp. 25-82.

b. Seeds bordered. Sp. 33-35.
D. L. digitate. Fl. white. Seeds with hairs.
i. Fl. clustered on an ascending stem. Sp.
36-43...

ii. Fl. few and scattered. Stem weak, pros-
trate, straggling. Sp. 44-49.

A. Shrubby. L. pinnate. Fl. yellow.

1. fruticesa. Lis. about 5, nearly equal,
entire. Bracteoles lanceolate. s.S.7, 8. Rocky
banks. Teesdale. Pyr. Tende.

B. Herbaceous. L. pinnate. Lowermost Lts.
smaller than the upper .

2. amserina. L. interruptedly pinnate.
Lts. inciso-serrate, all sessile. Fl. solitary,
yellow. Shoots creeping. p.5, 7. Movst.

3. multifida. L. subrotund. Lits: few,

deeply pinnatifid. Segm. linear. FI. corym- |
s

bose, yellow. Outer Segm. of Cal. oblong.
p. 7,8. Snowy mountains. Alps. s. of Val-
lais. very rare.

4. pensylvanica. LHrect. Its. oblongo-
cuneate, inciso-dentate, all sessile. Stip. larger
than lower Lt. Fl. panicled, yellow. Outer
Segm. of Cal. ovato-linear, exceeding inner.
p. 6,7. Naturalized in Bois de Boulogne.

5. rupestris. Lower L. pinnate; upper
ternate. Lts. ovato-subrotund, inciso-serrate,
sessile. Stip. smaller than lower Lt. Fl.
panicled, white! Outer Segm. of Cal. lan-
ceolate, falls short of inner. p. 5-7. Stony
mountains. G. Sw. Fr. Tuse.

6. supina. Its. inciso-dentate; upper-
most confluent ; lowest somewhat stalked. No
barren tufts of L.! Fl. solitary, yellow. Fr.-
stalks recurved. a.6-9, Sandy overfl. Fr.
G. Sw. n. It. rare.

©. Herbaceous. L. digitate. Seeds hairless.
Fl. yellow.
i. L. ternato-digitate.
7. norvegica. Annual, hirsute. Stem
dichotomous. Fl. numerous, somewhat corym-

hose ; the lower axillary. a. or b. 6, 7. Moist
sandy. un. G.

B. ruthenica. wp. Root-L. quinato-pinnate.

8. nivea. Stem erect, few-flowered, nearly
simple. L. with somewhat silky hairs above,
and a white, dull, and entangled pubescence
beneath. Margin flat. p. 6. Very high grass.
Alps. rare.

9. grandifiora. Stem ascending, lax,
about 5-flowered. Lts. with spreading hairs
on both sides, deeply serrate. Pet. obcordate,
far exceeding calyx. Seeds wrinkled. p. 7, 8.
Very high pastures. Alps.

B. pyrenaica. A few of the root-L. qui-

nate. Pyr.

10. grammopetala. “Softly villous.
Stem erect. Lis. hairy on both sides, serrate.
Corymb compound. Pet. obversely lanceo-
lato-linear, obtuse, pale. Seeds smooth. p.
7, 8. It. Alps.°—Brrr. Perhaps a hybrid
between P. caulescens and some yellow-flow-
ered Potentilla.’’— Reicu.

ll. frigida. Stem short, tufted, 1-2-
flowered. Lts. very villous on both sides, in-
ciso-dentate. Teeth obtuse, (overlapping each
other, Kocu.) Pet. generally not exceeding

calyx. p. 7,8. Snowy. Alps. rare.
a. Cal. Segments somewhat acute. Seeds
even.—DC.

118 211. POTENTILLA.

B. glacialis. Cal. Segments somewhat ob-
tuse. Seeds somewhat rugose.—DC.

12. subacaulis. Stems tufted. Pan.
few-flowered. Lis. hoary on both sides with
stellate! pubescence, strongly veimed. Pet.
shorter than calyx. (Seeds rugose, DC.) p.
6 (or 5).. High calc. stony. Dau. Prov.
Pdm. Trieste. Monte de’ Fiori.

13. minima. Stem (ascending, usually
l1-flowered, Kocn), (diffuse, filiform, DC.),
(entirely prostrate, Guss.) Lis. hairy on
the margin and on the veins beneath, but with-
out hairs on the upper surface; (ending in
about 9 equal teeth, Kocu.) p. 7,8. Very
high pastures and rocks. Alps.

a, Cal. Segments unequal, obtuse.

B. brauniana. Cal. Segments nearly equal,
acute.

14. Tormentilla. Stem procumbent or
ascending, dichotomous, not rooting. Stem-
leaves nearly sessile. Stip. large, incise, leaf-
like. Pet. 4. p. 5,6. Sandy.

ii. Root-L. quinato-digitate. Stem-L. ter-

nate, few.
a. Flowers solitary.

15. procumbens. (Zormentilla reptans.)
Stems usually flagelliform, creeping. L. gene-
rally solitary. Lts. entire below the middle.
Serratures acute. Pet. 4. p. 6, 7. Sandy. occ.

16. mixta. Stem flagelliform, prostrate,
branched towards the top. ts. serrate below
the middle. Serratures somewhat obtuse. Pet.
generally 4. p. Pastures. Holsace.

17. reptans. Stems flagelliform, creeping.
L. several together. Lts. serrate almost from

the base. Serratwres somewhat obtuse. Pet.
generally 5. p. 6-8. Pastures and uncul-
tivated.

b. Flowers panicled.

18. cinerea. Hoary, cottony. Pubes-
cence partly stellate. Shoots prostrate, often
creeping. Flowering-stems ascending. Lts.
obovate. Serratures about 9; the middle
smallest. Lower Stip. with a linear tail. p.
Open sandy or rocky. rare. G. Sw.

19. verna. Shoots prostrate. Flowering-
stems ascending, hirsute. All the hairs erecto-
patulous. Lts. oblongo-obovate, with spread-
ing hairs beneath and on the margin above.
Serratures about 9 ; the middle smallest. Lower
Stip. with a linear tail. p. 4,5. Dry open.
m. Hur.

20. Lindackeri. “Stem filiform, pro-
cumbent. Lts. cuneiform, silky beneath. Teeth
large, oblong, rounded. Pet. exceeding calyx.
Boh.”—DC. Not in Koch ; it is probably a
var. of P. verna.

21. aurea. Shoots prostrate, sometimes
creeping. Flowermg-stem arched. Hairs erect.
Lts. oblong, with a silky fringe on the mar-
gin and on the veins beneath. Serratures
about 7, acute; the middle smallest. Stip. not
prolonged. p. 7, 8. Grassy mountains. Alps.
Silesia.

22. alpestris. Shoots prostrate, some-
times creeping. Stems ascending, downy. Lts.
obovato-cuneate, with spreading hairs on the
margin and on the veins beneath. Teeth large,
porrect, about 7; ultimate nearly equal. Stip.

not prolonged. p. 6-8. Mountains. Tyrol.
Styria. Salzburg. Scotl. Teesdale. Vosges.
B. sabauda. Stem firmer. lL. rounder,

their Teeth broader.

23. opaca. Shoots prostrate, sometimes
creeping. Stems ascending, and, as well as
the L.-stalks, covered with long horizontal
hairs. Its. oblongo-cuneate. Serratures large,
the middle smallest. p. 5,6. ll thickets
and rocky places. occ. G. Alps.

24. ambigua. Stems ascending, pubes-
cent. Lts. somewhat digitato-incise, silky on
veins beneath. Teeth linear, about 7, nearly
equal. Stip. ovate. p. 7. Mountains above
Zermatten in the Vallais.

iii. Stem-L. quinate, numerous.
Root-L. 5, 7.

a. Seeds not bordered.

25. Galabra. ‘Stems decumbent or as-

cending. Lts. cuneate, subrotundo-flabellate,

many-cleft, densely tomentose and white be-

neath, less so above. Margin revolute. Seg-

ments of Cal. obtuse. Pet. obovate, two or

three times as long as calyx. p.5,6. Cal.
Sic.” —BeErr.

Lts. of

26. argentea. Stems ascending, tomen-
tose, corymbose. Lis. 5, obovate, incise, nar-
rowed and entire at base, tomentose beneath.
Margin revolute. FF l.-stalks straight after
flowering. p. 6,7. Open gravelly.

27. collina. Stems decumbent, villoso-
tomentose, diffusely panicled. ~Root-L. form-
ing a central tuft. Lts. 5, obovato-cuneate,
flat on the margin, acute. Stalk reflexed
after flowering. p. 5. Dry open hills. Wert-
heim (Baden). Boh. Sil. Very like P. argentea.

+

ROSACEA, 119

Stem erect or ascending,
villous and tomentose, corymbose, Lis. 5,
oblongo-lanceolate, inciso-serrate, ciliate and
furnished with scattered hairs and a fine hoary
tomentum beneath. Seeds with a filiform mar-
gin. p. 5-7. Dry open hills. e. Ger. rare
tm Switzerland.

28. inclinata.

29. patula. Stems erect or ascending,
hairy, not tomentose. Hairs erect. Ls.
lineari-cuneate, green on both sides, hirsute be-
neath on midrib. Teeth of stem-L. 5-7. p. 5.
Open hills. Czeiz in Moravia and Leobschiitz
in Silesia.

30. Dethomasii. “ Pubescence of the
whole plant consisting of long, soft, grey,
spreading hairs. Stem erect. Lts. oblongo-
obovate, with numerous small teeth occupying
nearly the whole margin. Pet. obcordate, two
or three times as Jong as calyx. Seeds with a
crested keel, covered with arching wrinkles.
p. 6,7. Open hills. Rome. K. of Naples.”
— Brrr.

31. imtermedia. Stems spreading all
round, dichotomously panicled from the middle,
hairy, not tomentose. Hairs on Tubercles
spreading, without glands. Root-L. tufted.
Lts. 7, obovato-cuneate; of upper L. 3, ob-
longo-cuneate, green on both sides, hirsute be-
neath. Teeth 11-21, spreading, the middle
smallest. p.5, 6. Rocky and gravelly. w. Sw.
Dau. Pyr.

32. thuringiaca. Stems spreading all
round, dichotomousiy panicled from middle.
Hairs on tubercles, spreading, without glands.
L. green on both sides, hirsute beneath. Root
L. tufted.. Lts. 7. Serratures porrect, ovate,
19-25. Lts. of upper L. lineari-lanceolate.
Serratures remote, inclining inwards. p. 5, 6.
Stony woods. Thuringia. Vall.

b. Seeds margined.

33. pilosa. “Stems erect, hirsute and
also tomentose. its. 5, lanceolato-oblong, at-
tenuate, coarsely serrate, with long hairs on
both sides ; those of lower L. obovato-oblong.
Seeds wrimkled, bordered by a very narrow
keel. p. 5,6. Open hills. Thuringia. Col-
mar and near Hamburg.”—Kocu.

34. recta. Stem erect. Longer hairs on
tubercles ; shorter glanduliferous. Lts. 5-7,
oblong, cuneate at base, inciso-serrate. Seeds
wrinkled. Margin wing-like, discoloured. p.
6, 7. Stony. s. Kurope.

B. obscura. Pet. shorter than calyx. pilosa,

WILLD.

y. laciniosa. ts. pinnatifido-incise.
ments often serrate.

Seg-

35. hirta. Stem erect or ascending. Longer
hairs on tubercles; shorter without glands.
Lts. 5-7, inciso-serrate; of root-L. obovato-
cuneate; of stem-L. linear. Seeds wrinkled.
Margin wing-like. p. 7,8. Grass. s. Hur.

B. angustifolia. ts. narrower. Stipules

cloven.

Lts. serrate almost to base.
[I follow Koch in separating these two spe-

cies, but I do not find in the specimens which
T have examined any clear distinction in the

y. pedata.

glands of the hairs. |

D. Mowers white. L. digitate. Seeds hairy,
at least at the base. Receptacle very
hirsute.

i. Flowers panicled, on an ascending stem.

36. alchemilloides. Root fleshy. Stem
nearly erect. Lis. of root-L. 5-7; of stem-
L. 3, lobed. Lobes oblong, hardly denticulate,
nearly smooth above, heary and tomentose be-
neath. Segments of Cal. lanceolate. Seeds
very hairy. p. 8,9. High rocks. Pyr.

37. valderia. Densely tomentose. Crown
of Root covered with silky scales. Corymb
compact. Lts. 5—7, obovato-cuneiform, with
many teeth, velvety on both sides. Segments
of Cal. lanceolate, acute. Pet. obcordate,
shorter than calyx. Filaments hairy. p. 7, 8.
High stony. Piedmont.

38. caulescens. Ascending. Fl. nume-
rous. its. 5, nearly sessile, oblongo-lanceolate,
cuneate at the base, acutely serrate at the top,
somewhat villous and ae wea cia. Fil.

hirsute. Seeds villous. , 8. Fissures of
rocks. Alps.
B. nivalis. IL. very sericeo-villous on both
Sidesiyalayits

39. petiolulata. Nearly erect. Fl. nume-
rous. Lis. 3-5, somewhat stalked, obovato-
oblong, cuneate at base, acutely serrate half
round, ciliate, otherwise nearly hairless. Fil.

hirsute. Seeds villous. p. 7, 8. Rocky, calc.
Chambéri. Saleuc.

40. crassinervia. ‘ Pubescent. Stem
ascending. Corymb compressed. Ls. 3-5,

obovate, viscid, with strong vems and nume-
rous, small, obtuse teeth. Fil. smooth: Seeds
villous. p. 7, 8. Rocks. Sard. Monti Coscione
and Grosso in Cors.”—Brrt.

4]. clusiana. Ascending. Fl. 3. Lts.
3-5, oblongo-lanceolate, cuneate at base, villous

120 211. POTENTILLA.

beneath, with silky cilia and three porrect
teeth. Fil. hairless. Seeds villous. p. 7, 8.
Fissures of high rocks. Tyrol. Salzb. Styria.
Austria.

42. nitida. Stems tufted, 1—3-flowered.
Lts. 3, silky on both sides, obovato-cuneiform,
entire or with three terminal, acute, porrect

teeth. Fil. smooth. p. 7,8. High calc.
rocks. Dau. Savoy. Tyrol. Carniola.
43. tridentata. Ascending. Lis. 3, cu-

neate, with about 3 terminal teeth, smooth
above, hairy beneath. Seeds downy. Fil.
smooth. p. 5,6. Mountains. Werron hill,
Clova.

ii. Stems weak and straggling. Flowers few.

44. apennina. Stems filiform, with 1 L.
and about 3 flowers. Lits. 3, silky on both
sides ; those of root-L. oval, obtuse, entire or
tridentate at the top; of stem-L. linear, en-
tire. Pet. with a long claw. Fil. smooth.
Seeds wrinkled, bearded at top. p. 7, 8. High
cale. rocks. Abruzzi.

45. splendens. Lis. 3, rarely 5, obovate,
silky beneath and on margin, all toothed at
top. Stalks very hirsute. Fl. 2-4. Fil. smooth.
Seeds hairy at the umbilicus. p. 4,5. Shade.
w. Fr. Fontainebleau. Thuringia. Koch, in
this species and the following, seems to make
a difference between the hilum and the wn-
bilicus.

46. alba. Ascending. Its. of Root-L. 5,
oblongo-lanceolate, attenuate at base, silky be-
neath and on margin. Serratures acute, con-
nivent; the middle one narrower. Fil. hair-
less. Seeds hairless except on the hilum. p.
5,6. Woods. somewhat rare. G. Dau. Prov.
Switzerland.

47. hybrida. Stems procumbent, 2-4-
flowered, equallmg L. Lts. of root-. 3-5,
obovate, silky beneath, serrate half round.
Serratures ovato-lanceolate ; the terminal small-
est. Stem-L. few, ternate. Carpels hairy on
the umbilicus. p. 5. Thuringia. Not i Koch.

48. Fragariastrum. Stem procumbent,
2-flowered, equalling or exceeding L. Shoots
creeping. All L. ternate. Lis. subrotundo-
ovate, serrate more than half round, villous
beneath, or silky when young. Seeds hairy at
the umbilicus, p. 4,5. Thickets and grassy
banks. Stem-L. ternate. Divisions of Cal.
unequal.

49, micrantha. Stems procumbent, 2-
flowered, falling short of L. No shoots. Ls.

of root-L. oval, serrate more than half round.
Stem-L. simple. Seeds hairy at the umbilicus.
p. 4,5. Stony thickets. Styr. Sw. Vosges.
(Divisions of Cal. nearly equal, GopRoN.)

The characters in this genus are by no means
satisfactory, and it is probable the species here
enumerated are not all distinct.

212. SIBBALDIA.

1. procumbens. Lis. 3, cuneate, with
3 terminal teeth. Fl. corymbose. Pet. small,
lanceolate. p.7. High. Se. Alps. Pyr.

213. AGRIMONTA.

1. Bupateria. Lts.ovato-oblong, crenato-
dentate, the odd one stalked. (Bracts linear,
Guss.) Furrows of Cal. deep and continued
to base. Outer Spines spreading. p. 6, 7.
Uncult.

2. odorata. Its. oblongo-lanceolate, cre-
nato-dentate, glandular beneath; the odd one
stalked. (Bracts lanceolate, Guss.) Furrows
of Cal. slight, extending only to middle. Outer
Spines refract. p. 6,7. Shade. Sic. Nap.

214. SPALLANZANIA.

1. agrimonioides. Root-L. interruptedly
pinnate, on long stalks. Stem-L. ternate, on
short stalks. p. 5, 6. Rough woody hills.
Carniola. e. Alps of It. Lig. Umbria. Nebrodes.

215. ALCHEMILLA.

A. Flowers sessile, axillary, alternate. Seg-
ments of Calyx very small.

1. arvensis. L. stalked, tripartite, cuneate
at base. Fl. crowded, axillary. a.5-8. Melds.

B. Segments of Calyx nearly equal.

2. vulgaris. Root-L. divided to one-
third of length. Lobes everywhere serrate. Fl.
in a terminal corymb. p. 5-7. Grassy hiils.

3. pubescens. Root-L. divided to one-
third of length. Lobes truncate, serrate only
at top. Fl. ima terminal corymb. p. 6, 7.
Very high pastures. ‘Tyrol. Carinthia.

4. fissa. Root-L. divided to the middle.
Lobes inciso-dentate at top ; of upper L. deeply
incise. Fl. ina terminal corymb. p. 7, 8.
Very high. Alps.

5. conjuncta. “Root L. peltato-palmate.
Divisions 5—7, combined through one-third of
their length, closely serrate at the end, white

ROSACEA,

and silky beneath. p. 6, 7. Clova mountains.
Cumberland.”—Bas.

6. alpina. Root L. digitate. Lts. oblong,
closely serrate at top, silky beneath. sp. 6-8.
Ligh rocky.

7. pentaphylla. Root L. quinato-digi-
tate. Lts. inciso-dentate at top. Teeth porrect,
4 to 6 in the three middle Lts. p. 7, 8.
Snowy. Sw. Tyr.

Tribe IV. SANGUISORBE.
216. SANGUISORBA.

1. officinalis. Spikes ovate. Stamens 4,
not exceeding calyx. p. 6,7. Hill nastures.

B. media. Spikes cylindrical, smooth.

2. dodecandra. Spikes cylindrical. Sta-
mens 6-12, far exceeding calyx. op. 7, 8.
Val d’Ambria in Valtelline. Mte. Barbelino in
Bergamo.

217. POTERIUM.

A. Shrubby. Fruit even, berry-tike.

1. spinosum. Branches spinescent. Spikes
oblong. lL. nearly hairless, s.S. Bari. Cal.
_ Sard.

B. Herbaceous. Fruit hard, wrinkled or
tubercled.

2. Sanguisorba. Stem angular. Lis.
rounded, serrate. p. 6,7. Hilly pastures.

3. garganicum. “Stem angular, hairy.
Lts. of root-L. subrotundo-elliptic ; of stem-
L. oblongo-lanceolate ; all deeply incise. Spikes
globose. Fl. complete. p. Dry jields. Mte.
Gargano.” —TEN.

4. polygamum. Stem angular. Fr. with
raised and toothed wrinkles and 4 winged
angles! p.7, 8. Hid/s. Laybach. Finme.

Tribe V. ROSHA.
218. ROSA.

A. CENTIFOLIZ. Shoots setigerous. Dise
thick. (Seeds sessile, Kocu.) Segments
of Cal. simple or nearly so. Sp..1, 2.

B. Crnnamomex. Disc thin. Stip. en-
larging towards the flower into capacious
bracts. Sp. 3-5.

C. Buanpz&. Stip. little or not at all en-
larged. Prickles few and weak, or wanting.

R

121

Setee crowded on the radical shoots.
6-9,

Sp.

PimpineLtironim. Prickles unequal,
numerous, some of them strong. Sete
few. I'r., except in £2. Wilsont, depress-
edly globose.

. Lis. without glands.

Sp. 10-12.

. Lts.glandular beneath. Serratures double.

Sp. 13-16.

. VILLOSA.

me

Serratures simple.

rt)
fe

Shoots not setigerous. Stip.

persistent. Prickles nearly straight. Sp.
17-20.
F. Rusicrnosm. Prickles of the branches

hooked. Styles free.
neath, doubly serrate.

L. glandular be-
Sp. 21-28.

. Canin#. Shoots not setigerous. Prickles
hooked. L. not glandular on either sur-
face. Sp. 29-84.

Il. Systyim. Styles exsert, united into a
column. Sp. 85-37.

A. CENTIFOLLE.

1. pumila. “A low, erect shrub. Pr.
slender. lLts. broad elliptic, doubly serrate,
paler beneath, hairy and glandular on the mid-
rib and veins. Tube of Cal. oblong, hispid.
Segments pinnatifid. Style somewhat exsert.
s.8. 5,6. Italy. Certainly distinct from R.
gallica.”’— Brrr.

2. gallica. “Prickles crowded, unequal,
the larger somewhat falcate on.a dilated base.
Stip. leari-oblong, flat, the free part diverg-
ing. Tube of Cal. subglobose. Segments pin-
natifid, reflexed, deciduous. s.S. 6. Fields
and borders of woods. G. oce.’—Kocu.

[One or both of these are found also in the
s. of France. I give both descriptions, not
being able to satisfy myself whether the German
aud Italian plants are of the same species.
Koch does not notice the R. pumela, though a
plant of Jacq., 7. Austr. According to Ber-
toloni, the Fr. of R. gallica is ‘ glaber,’ which
is not the case in my German specimens. |

B. CrinnaMoMeEez.

3. Cinnamomea. Pr. straight, few, sti-
pulary. F'r.-stalk terete, without sete. Cal.
of Fr. erect. ts. oblong, downy beneath.
Stip. of barren branches rolled in. Fr. (ovate,
Hooxer,) (globose, Kocu and H. Bot.). 8S.
5, 6. Thickets and moist banks. s. G. Sil.
s. Fr. oce, R. majalis, of Pyrenees, as a variety
of thes.

122 218. ROSA.

4. turbinata. “Pr. crowded, unequal,
the larger somewhat falcate on a dilated base ;
none on the branches. Fr. elliptic, erect. Cal.
somewhat divided, spreading, persistent. Lits.
ovate, coarsely serrate. Stip. not rolled in,
s.S. 6. Tickets. Mount Kahlenberg near
Vienna.”—Kocu.

5. Dicksoni. “Pr. scattered, slender,
subulate. F'r.-stalk thickened upwards, setose.
Lts. oval, hoary, coarsely and irregularly ser-
rate, with a few glands beneath. Fr. ovato-

urceolate. &. 6. Ireland ?”—Mackay.
GC. BLAND”.
6. lucida. “Pr. straight, crowded, un-

equal, the larger subulate ; the smaller seta-
ceous, without glands. Lits. 7 or 9, oblongo-
lanceolate, simply serrate, smooth and shining
above. Stip. flat, the free part connivent. Fr.
depresso-globose. Stalks erect. Cal. deciduous.
s.S. Sea-shore near Rostock. Banks of Elbe
near Hamburg.”—Kocu.

7. alpina. Branches without prickles or
setee. Lts. 5-11, doubly serrate. Fr. droop-
ing, more or less urceolate, ved. Cal. persistent.
S. 6,7. Mountains. m. Kurope.

8. reversa. Branches with scattered
prickles and setee. Lts. 5-7. Stip. enlarged
towards flower, canaliculato-complicate. Fr.
drooping, ovate, d/ack. Cal. persistent. S&S. 5.
Rocky hills. Trieste.

9. rubella. Branches densely setigerous.
Its. 7-11, naked, simply serrate. Fr. droop-
ing, oblong or urceolate. (Fr. globose with a
short neck, probably erect, Sm.) Cal. persistent.
s.$. 5,6. Sandy shores. n. e. Kur. s. e. Se.
Rough hills. Istria. Trieste. R. gentilis of
Koch seems to be the same species.

D. PIMPINELLIFOLIA.
i. Lts. without glands.
10. spinosissima.

Serratures simple.
Pr. crowded, mostly

straight. ts. small, 5-11, roundish. Seg-
ments of Cal. simple. Fr. dark. s.S. 5, 6.
Dry.

11. hibernica. Pr. and Setz scattered,
the larger falcate. Ls. 5-9, ovate, acute. Fr.
somewhat urceolate, blood-red. Segments of
Cal. somewhat pinnate. S. 6-11. Counties

of Derry and Down.

12. Wilsoni. Pr. crowded, straight. Sete
few. Segments of Cal. simple. Lts. hairy on
both sides. Fr. elliptico-urceolate, scarlet.
s.S. On a declivity by the Menai near
Bangor.

ii. Lts. doubly serrated, glandular beneath.

13. myriacantha. Pr. straight, crowded.
Its. somewhat doubly serrate, rounded, not
hairy beneath. s.S.5, 6. Lyons. Montpellier.

14. involuta. Pr. straight, crowded. Lis.
5—9, elliptic, nearly hairless on upper surface,
hairy and glandular beneath. s.S. Hebrides
and w. Se.

15. Sabini. Pr. mostly straight. Branches

setigerous. Lts. hairy on two sides. Cal.
somewhat pinnate. Ff. pink. s.S.6. Se.
and n. Kur.

B. doniana. Of lower growth. Pr.crowded.
Segments of Cal. nearly simple. Eng.

y. gracilis. Large, faleate Pr. even on the
flowering branches. Segments of Cal.
nearly simple. n. Eng. rare.

16. lutea. Larger Pr. falcate ; those on
the shoots crowded? (Anthers hastate at base,
Kocu.) Lts. 5-9. Segments of Cal. pinnate.
Fl. yellow! &.6, 7%. Hedges. G. oce.

EE. VILLOS®.

17. ciliato-petala. “Pr. stout, straight,
subulate on a compressed base; those of
branches few, falcate. Lts. 5-7, ovate. Free
part of Stip. porrect. Fr.early, erect. Cal. erect
or connivent. An extensively creeping shrub,
covering the ground in considerable patches.
s.S. 6,7. Tyr. Carniola.”—Kocu. Query, of
pulchella of Woods in Linn. Trans.

18. villosa. Fy. large, globose. Cal.
spreading. Segments nearly simple. Lts. 5—7,
glandular. Pr. straight. $S. 6,7. Hedges
and thickets. un. Ku. Alps.

19. tomentosa. Fr. elliptic or urceolate.
Segments of Cal. pinnate. Lts. 5—7, usually
glandular, very hairy. &.6, 7. Hedges and
thickets. n. and m. Hur. An exceedingly va-
viable plant. The L. are sometimes smooth.

20. spinulifolia. “Pr. subulate, straight,
suddenly contracted from an expanded base.
Lts. 7, covered beneath with stalked, somewhat
prickle-lke glands. Segments of Cal. pmnate,
erect in the frumt. s.S. 6,7. Thickets. Sw.
rare.’—Kocu. Var. of R. tomentosa?

EF. RuBIGINOSA.

21. Seraphini. “Erect. Pr. stout, fal-
cate, on an expanded base. Lts. small, subro-
tund, smooth above, glandular beneath. Tube
of Cal. ellipsoid in the flower, subglobose in
the fruit. Segments pinnate. s.S. 5, 6. Lucca.

ROSACEA, ]

Nebrodes.Cors.” Smell sometimes bituminous.
—Bert. Var. of BR, tomentosa?

22. pustulosa. ‘“ Hrect. Pr. hooked, di-
lated at base. Branches sometimes armed with
a mixture of smaller straight prickles and setze.
Lts. ovate, obtuse, hairless, glandular on both
sides. Fr. ovoid, unarmed. 8.6, 7. Sic. Luc.”
—Berr. Bertoloni says that his plant is not
the R. pulverulenta of I. von Bieh., to which
Gussone has referred it. Query, of the plants
of Bertolont and Gussone be the same.

23. rubiginosa. Branches armed with a
mixture of smaller straight prickles. Sete
descending from flower-stalk on to branch. 1.
without glands on upper surface. Primordial
Fr. pear-shaped. 3.6,7. Hedges and thickets,
chiefly in calcareous sovt.

24. inodora. Pr. equal, scattered. No
setae on branch. Primordial Fr. nearly glo-
bose; secondary elliptic. Pinne of Cal. crowded.
Glands of Lis. few, sometimes wanting. S.
6,7. Hedges and thickets. s. Eng.

25. glutinosa. “ Erect. Pr. falcate, com-
presso-dilatate. Lts. small, subrotund or ovate,
somewhat villous; very glandular beneath,
somewhat glandular above. Tube of Cal. in
flower ellipsoid. Segments pinnate, persistent.
s.. 5,6. Palermo.”—Boprt.

26. micrantha. Pr. equal, scattered. Pri-
mordial Fr. ellipsoid; secondary urceolate.
Pinnee of Cal. not crowded. £7. pink. Lis.
ovate. S. 6,7. Hedges and thickets.

27. Sepium. Pr. equal, scattered. Pri-
mordial Fr. ovate; secondary ellipsoid or ur-
ceolate. £7. white. Its. elliptico-lanceolate.
-§. 6,7. Dry hills. m, Eur.

28. apennina, J. W. Bush small, com-
pact. Pr. very crowded, even to ends of
branches, unequal. Fr. ellipsoid or urceolate.
s.8.7. Apenn. Hadit of R. spinosissima.

G. Canin.

29. czesia. Segments of Cal, entire or
nearly so. Lts. doubly serrate, downy. s.S.
6,7. Sc. and Eng. Query, if R. glandulosa
of Bellardi belong to this species.

30. glandulosa. “Pr. of Shoots few,
somewhat falcate, compressed at base. Lis. 7,
subrotund, doubly serrate, smooth -beneath.
Stip. of floral L. elliptic, dilatate; free part of
the others divergent. Stalk and Cal. hispid.
Segments pinnate. Fr. subglobose. s.&. 6.
Sty. Upper Als. Sw.’—Kocu.

31. rubrifolia. Pr. stout: Segments of

Bie

Cal. entire or nearly so. Lts. simply serrate,
hairless, glaucous: these, when young, and
the twigs red, $8.6. Yhickets. Alps. Pyr.
32. bractescens. Segments of Cal. pin-
nate. Pr. stout. Ls. simply serrate, downy
on both sides. Stip. of floral L. very much
enlarged. &. 6,7. Lane. and Westm.

33. heckeliana. “ Dwarfish. Pr. hooked.
Lts. small, subrotund, somewhat doubly serrate,
silky on both sides, without glands. Tube of
Cal. in flower ellipsoid ; in fruit globose. Seg-
ments pinnate. SS. 6,7. Nebrodes.”—Burvr.

34, canina. Segments of Cal. pinnate. Pr.
stout. Lts. nearly or quite hairless on the
upper surface. Stip. not much enlarged to-
wards flower. S. 6, 7. Hedges, fc. It
varies with leaves dull or shining, green or
glaucous, hairy beneath or quite smooth ;
serratures simple, or somewhat compound ;
Sruit globose, eliipsoid, or urceolate ;—and
these characters present every possible variety
of combination. The r.-stalk is usually
smooth, but occasionally has a few hairs, and,
in the var. collina, weak sete.

EZ. Systyuz.

35. systyla. Styles hairless. Pr. wiform,
all stout and hooked. Shoots assurgent.
Segments of Cal. somewhat pinnate. S. 6, 7.
Hedges. Eur.

36. arvensis. Styles hairless. Pr. of the
branches feeble, and often nearly straight; of
the shoots very much expanded at the base.
L. deciduous. Shoots trailing. Segments of
Cal. somewhat pinnate. S$. 7. Thickets.

8. L. shining. Sussex.

37. sempervirens. Styles hairy. Pr.
falcate ; of flowering branches small or want-
ing. LL. persistent, shining. Shoots trailing.
S.6. Dry. m.ands. Eur.

Tribe VI. POMEZ.
219. CRATAIGUS.

1. laciniata. “ L. inciso-pinnatifid, hir-
sute. Segments acute, serrato-dentate at top.
Stip. semiorbiculari-falcate. Segments of Cal.
ovate, acuminate, reflexed. S.4,5. ills.
Sic.”—Guss.

2. levigata. “IL. nearly entire, rusty
beneath. Spines very short or wanting. Fr.-
stalk and retlexed Segments of Cal. smooth.”
S. Abruzzi.’—Tren. These two are perhaps
varieties of the following.

a

124 219. CRATAGUS.

3. Oxyacantha. L.cuneateat base, moreor
less lobed, serrate. Styles 1-3. Segments of Cal.
acute, without glands. Divisions lanceolate. &.
5, 6. Dhickets. Varies with L. more or less di-
vided ; Styles \ or more; Cal. smooth or
downy ; and these variations combined im all
possible ways. C. oxyacanthoides of Bertoloni
seems to be a variety of which the L. are
partially serrulate.

4. Aazarolus. L. cuneate at base, trifid.
Lobes obtuse, with two or three large teeth.
Fr.-stalks and triangular Teeth of Cal. covered
with curled hairs and without glands. LS. 5.
Rough thickets. s, Fr. Nice. Carniola. s. Tyr.
Not wild, according to Bert.

5. pyracantha. L. undivided, persistent,
ovato-lanceolate, crenate, smooth. Segments
of Cal. obtuse. Styles 5. A thorny shrub.
S.5. Hedges and rough thickets. s, Kur.

(Of C. polyacantha, Guss., I find no satis-
factory description ; it seems a variety of
Oxyacautha. C. pauciflora, said to grow near
Lausanne, is not noticed by Gaudin. It is,
perhaps, a variety of Iespilus germanica. |

220. COTONEASTER.

1. vulgaris. L. roundish ovate. s.S.
6,7. Rocky. s. and m. Europe.
B. tomentosa. Cal. and Stalks tomentose.
Alps. Sic.

221. ARONTA. °

1. rotundifolia. L. subrotundo-oval,
downy beneath when young. &. 5,6. Hills.
m. and s. Hurope.

222. MESPILUS.

l. germanica. L. lanceolate, downy he-
neath. Fl. solitary. Branches usually spi-
nescent. s.L'.5. Thichets. m.and s. Bur,

223. PYRUS.
A. Petals flat. Styles 5, free. Fruit not

umbilicate at base.

1. communis. Corymb nearly simple.
L. shining, ovato-lanceolate, serrate, hairless,
as well as the buds and young branches. Stalks
as long as L. ‘T.5. Woods and thickets.
m. and s. Hurope.

2. boliwylleriana. Corymb many-flow-
ered. IL. ovate, deeply and irregularly serrate,
downy beneath, as wellas the buds. "H. 4, 5.
Alsace and near Paris.

3. salvifolia. LL. lanceolate, quite entire,
downy beneath, as well as the buds; velvety
above when young, afterwards hairless. T. 5.
Orléans. Le Mans. Creuse.

4. amygdaliformis. Spinescent. L. ob-
long, acute, somewhat serrate at top, downy
beneath, as well as buds; velvety above when
young, afterwards hairless; four times longer
than stalks. Corymb simple. s.T. 3, 4.
Rough thickets. s. France. Istria.

B. Petals flat. Styles 5, connected at base.
Fruit umbilicate at base.

5. cuneifolia. “LL. oblong or lanceolate,
crenulate, cuneate at base, floccoso-pubescent be-
neath when young. Fl. ina corymb. (Stalks
short, thickened and hardened in the fruit,
Bert,) Stalks and Cal. woolly when young. Fr.
globose. T. 4,5. Dry hills. Sic.’ —Guss. Fr.
wnbilicate at base, according to Bertoloni, but I
know not whether the styles are connected. -

6. Malus. Umbel simple, sessile. LL.
ovate, acute, crenate. ‘TH. 5. Hedges and
borders.

a, Germen and underside of L. cottony.

B. acerba. Germen and underside of L.
not cottony.

224. CYDONIA.

1. vulgaris. L. ovate, quite entire. 'T. 5.
Rocky thickets, stony, and hedges. Danube
in Austria. Fiume. s. Sw.

225. SORBUS.

A. Petals flat, spreading, white.

1. Aria. L. ovate, cottony beneath. Lobes
and Serratwres decreasing towards the base.
Corymb fastigiate. s.'T. Woods, mostly on a
calcareous sow.

2. latifolia. L. broadly ovate, cottony
beneath. Lower Lobes the most distinct,
spreading. Corymb fastigiate. s."0.5. Woods.
Wiwtemberg.

3. hybrida. L. pinnate or pinnatifid at
base, doubly serrate at the apex. Fl. corym-
bose. s.E.5. Rocky. Isl. of Arran, Se.

4. prsemorsa. “IL. pinnate. Lts. ob-
longo-elliptic, obtuse : the inner gradually de-
creasing; the odd one premorse and nearly
obovate. F'l.-stalks downy. Fr. elliptic. s.'2.
5, 6. Madonie.”—Guss.

5. auecuparia. L. pinnate, downy beneath.
Buds downy. ts. serrate, acute, nearly alike.

ROSACEA, 125

Fl. in acorymb. Fr. globose. 'T. 5,6. Lill
woods.

6. domestica. L. pimate, downy beneath.
Buds glutinous, hairless. Lis. alike, serrate.
Fl. m a panicle. Fr. pyriform. s.. 4, 5.
Hills. Austr. Carn. adr. G. Lory.

7. torminalis. IL. ovate, lobed. Lobes
triangular, acuminate, serrate; the lower ones
larger, spreading. Fl. in a compound corymb.
Styles about 2. T.4,5. Woods. oce.

8. florentina. IL. cordate, lobed, serrate,
tomentose beneath. Corymb nearly simple.
Styles 5. s.0. 5. It. oce.

B. Petals erect, concave, pink.
Styles 2.

9. Ghamezemespilus. L. elliptic or lan-
ceolate (ovate, DC.), serrate. Corymb like a
head. s.S. 6, 7. Ligh rocky. Alps and
Pyr. oce.

XXXII. GRANATEA.

Fruit a number of berries enclosed in a coriaceous capsule.

Capsule divided into two parts

by a horizontal membrane, and the lower part divided into three cells; the upper into five or

more,

226. PUNICA.

1. Granatum. A shrub. L. lanceolate.

S. 6,7. Dry. escapes. s. Hurope.

XXXII. ONAGRARLA.

Calyx of 2 or 4 lobes.

227. HPILOBIUM.

A. Flowers irregular. Style at length bent
down! Allthe L. alternate.

1. angustifolium. L. lanceolate, nearly
entire, veined. Bract detached from flower-
stalk. Pet. on claws. p. 7,8. Hill woods.

2. rosmarinifolium. Stem ascending.
L. lineari-lanceolate, nearly entire, without
veins. Pet. sessile. Style pubescent at base,
as long as stamens. p. 7,8. On the gravel
of mountain torrents. Alps, &e.

3. Fleischeri. Stem procumbent. L.
lineari-lanceolate, nearly entire, without veins.
Pet. sessile. Style pubescent to above the
middle, half as long as stamens. p. 7, 8.
High Alpine valleys. Tyrol. s. Alps.

B. Flowers regular. Stem without elevated

lines. Lower L. opposite.

4. hirsutum. Hairy. L. semiamplexicaul,
somewhat decurrent, lanceolato-oblong, den-
ticulato-serrate. Stigma 4-cleft. Stem much
branched. Root creeping. p.7. Wet.

Petals 2 or 4. Stamens 2, 4, or 8. Ovary of several cells, with a
central placenta.

Albumen 0.

sile, lanceolate, downy. Stem nearly simple,
woolly. Root fibrous, without runners. p. 7.
Wet.

6. montanum. Stigma 4-cleft. L. ovate,
toothed ; the lower stalked, opposite, and al-
temate. Stem pubescent. Root without run-
ners. p.7. Shady hills.

7. hypericifolium. L. ovate, acuminate,
quite entire ; the lower stalked. No runners.
pw. 6, 7. Shady fills. Bohemia. Lasily
distinguished from Ki. montanum by the entire
margin of L.

8. lanceolatum. Stigma 4-cleft. — L.
lanceolate, attenuate at base, remotely toothed,
hairless, stalked. p. 7, 8. Shady hills. Rome.
Naples. Sicily.

Stigma undivided. L. lan-
Runners

9. palustre.
ceolate, cuneate at base, sessile.
slender. p. 7,8. Peaty.

CG. Lower L. opposite. Stem with 2 or 4
elevated lines.

10. tetragonum. L. ovato-lanceolate,

5. parviflorum. Stigma 4-cleft. L.ses- | sessile, minutely toothed; those of the middle

126 227. EPILOBIUM.

somewhat decurrent ; lowermost somewhat
stalked. Stem much branched. Stigma club-
like. p.7. Wet.

1l. virgatum. “‘L. lanceolate, gradually
narrowing from a rounded base, remotely
toothed, nearly sessile ; upper on short stalks.
Seeds obtuse. Stigma club-shaped or somewhat
4-cleft. (Runners slender, not forming rosettes,
Bas.) p.7, 8. Meadows and moist woods.
Eng. G’—Kocu. Resembles H. palustre.

12. trigonum. L. opposite or in threes

or fours, somewhat amplexicaul, oblongo-obo-
vate, acuminate, dentate; uppermost alternate.
Stem nearly simple. Stigma club-like. p. 7, 8.
Mountain meadows. Alps. Vosges. Resembles
K. roseum.

13. roseum. L. stalked, oblongo-lanceo-
late, closely denticulate. Stem much branched.
Stigmas at first united. Seeds obtuse. p. 7.
Marshy streams.

14. alsinifolium. IL. somewhat stalked,
ovate, acuminate, remotely repando-dentate,
hairless. Stem few-flowered; the raised lines
hairy. Seeds contracted into a neck. p. 7, 8.
Mountain springs.

15. alpinum. IL. somewhat stalked, el-
liptico-lanceolate, obtuse, mostly entire. Stem
2-3-flowered; the raised lines hairy. Seeds
with a neck. p. 6, 7. Mountain rivulets.
Scotl. Alps. Pyr.

228. GINOTHERA.

1. biennis. Stem harshly villous (roughish,

somewhat hairy, Kocu). LL. ovato-lanceolate,
flat, denticulate. Stamens somewhat shorter
than corolla. Caps. nearly cylindrical, 4-
toothed, sessile. b. 7-9. Naturalized im
sandy sovl. occ.

2. muricata. Hairs of Stem scattered,
bulbous. LL. lanceolate, flat, denticulate. Sta-
mens as long as corolla. b. 6-8. Gravelly
shores. Freiburg in Brisgau, and on the Elbe
in Mecklenburg and Holstein. Nevers.

229. ISNARDIA.

1. palustris. Stem creeping, hairless. L.
opposite, ovate, acute, stalked. FI. sessile,
axillary, solitary, without petals. a. 7. Wet
grassy. Occ.

230. CIRCA.

1. lutetiana. Stem erect, pubescent. L.
ovate, acuminate, dentate, dull, longer than
stalk. Rac. flowering to the base, without
bracteoles. p. 5-7. Shade.

2. alpina. Stem ascending, nearly without
hairs. lL. cordate, dentate, shining, as long as
stalk. Rac. naked at base, with setaceous
bracteoles. p. 7,8. Mountain shade.

B. intermedia. Larger, and more like lute-

tana.

231. TRAPA.

1. natans. Horns of the Fruit 4, rough
backwards. a. 6,7. Still water. wm. ands.
Europe. oce.

XXXIV. HALORAGEA.

Flowers superior, inconspicuous.
its style.

232. MYRIOPHYLLUM.

1. verticillatum. Fl. in axillary whorls.
Bracts pectinato-pinnatifid. p. 7, 8. Stagnant
water.

Bracts many times ex-
Pinne remote.

Bracts three times ex-
Pinne approximate.

a. pinnatifidum.
ceeding flowers.

B. intermedium.
ceeding flowers.

y. pectinatum. Bracts about equal to flowers.
Pinnze almost touching.

2, alterniflorum. Barren FI. alternate,

Stamens 1, 2, 4, or 8.
Fruit dry, not bursting.

Germen of 1 or more cells, each with
Seed pendulous.

about 6 ina spike, at first nodding. Fertile
Fl. about 3, axillary at base of barren spike.
p. 7, 8. Clear, still, shady pools. G. Fr. rare.

3. spicatum. Divisions of L. setaceous.
Fl. in leafless whorls. Spike always erect.
Upper Bracts entire, shorter than flowers. p.
inh

7,8. Still water.

233. CALLITRICHE.

1. verna. Lobes of Fr. parallel, bluntly
keeled. Styles always erect, evanescent.
Bracts faleate. Lower -L. linear; upper

HALORAGE A. 127

generally obovate. a. or p. 4-9.

water.

Stagnant

2. stagnalis. Lobes of Fr. slightly winged.
Styles reflexed on the fruit. Bracts falcate.
a.orp. 5-9. Stagnant water.

a, All L. obovate. Lobes of Fr. stellately

divergent.

B. platycarpa.

Hr, parallel.

Lower L. linear. Lobes of

3. hamulata. Lower L. linear; upper
obovate. Fr. winged on the angles. Styles
very long, divaricate. Bracts circinnate,

hooked at top. p. Still water.—Kocn.

4. pedunculata. Lower L. linear; upper
oblong, 3-nerved. Lobes of Fr. obtusely keeled.
Styles reflexed on fruit. Bracts 0. a.6. Still
water.

5. autumnalis. L. all 1-nerved, broadest
at base, truncate. Fr. sessile. Lobes stellately
divergent, broadly and acutely winged at back.
Bracts 0. a. 6-10. Still water. According
to Koch, all the species are perennial.

234. HIPPURIS.

L. linear, 6-10 in a whorl.
Not in Sie.

1. vulgaris.
p. 7. Still water.

XXXV. CERATOPHYLLEA.

Flowers moneecious, inconspicuous. Perianth single, many-cleft. Anthers 12-20, sessile, with

2 cells and 2 points.
235. CHRATOPHYLLUM.

]l. submersum. L. dichotomous. (Mar-
gin of Cal. notched at the end, Bas.) Fr.
oval, naked at base, terminated by the very
short, curved style. p. 6,7. Sézdd water. un.
and m. Europe. occ.

2. demersum. lL. dichotomous. (Seg-

Fruit with 1 cell and 1 pendulous seed.

ments of Cal. acute, entire, Bas.) Fr. oval,
with 2 recurved spines at base, and terminated
by a curved, subulate style, as long as fruit. p.
7, 8. Still water.

3. platyacanthum. IL. dichotomous. Fr.
obovate, with 2 spines at the base and an in-
termediate wing ! on each side. p. 7, 8. StzdZ
water. Berlin. Nancy.

XXXVI. LYTHRARLA.

Calyx inferior. Petals, if any, seated above the stamens, on the top of the tube of the calyx.

Germen of 2 or 4 cells.
236. SUFFRENIA.

1. filiformis. Stem creeping. L. opposite,
sessile, elliptic. Fl. solitary, axillary, sessile.

a. 8,9. Rice grounds. Vale of Po.
237. PEPLIS.
1. Portula. LL. opposite, obovato-subro-
tund, attenuate. FI. axillary, solitary. Tv.
globose. a. 6-9. Wet.

2. nummulariifolia. lL. nearly all op-
posite, obovate. FI. axillary, solitary. Fr.
ovoid. a.6. MMarshy. mdt. Fr. Cors. Sard.

3. Boreei. L. alternate, oblongo-obovate.

F). axillary, solitary. Fr. globose. a. Inun-
dated. Nantes. Angers.—JORDAN.

4. Timeroyi. L. alternate, obovate. Fi.

Seeds numerous, on a central placenta.

axillary, solitary. Fr. ovoid. a.
pools. Rhone.—JORDAN.

238. AMMANNIA.

1. verticillata. Stem erect, 4-edged. L.
lanceolate, nearly sessile. Fl. whorled, crowded,
sessile. Caps. not exceeding calyx. a. 6, 7.
Wet. un. It.

239. LYTHRUM.

A. Stamens fewer than 10. Flowers azil-
lary, solitary (except in 3).

1. thymifolia. Stamens 2. Pet. 4. Fl.
in short, erect racemes. I. alternate, linear.
Bracts leafy, obovate. a. 5, 6. Marshes.
mdt. Fr. Mantua. Pisa. Sardinia. Calabria.

2. hyssopifolia. Stamens 5,6. Pet. 6.

Sides of

128 239. LYTHRUM.

Fi. solitary. L. opposite and alternate, lineari-
lanceolate, somewhat obtuse. Bracts 2, minute,
subulate. a. 7-9. Overflows.

3. geminiflorum. “ L. alternate, lineari-
lanceolate. Stalks in pairs, axillary, 1-flowered.
Cal. campanulate, with 8 or 12 erect teeth.
Pet. lanceolate, obtuse, small. a. 8,9. Rotta
di Luzzara near Mantua.’”—BERT.

B. Flowers solitary, axillary. Stamens 12.

4. Greefferi. “Stem diffuse, branched,
angular. LL. alternate: lower elliptico-oblong ;
upper lineari-lanceolate. Pet. 6. Teeth of
Cal. nearly setaceous, connivent. p. 5-9.
Moist. It. Sic.”—Guss.

5. Preslii.
erect, with 4 winged angles.

“Stem nearly simple and
L. alternate,

cordato-oblong. Pet. 6. Teeth of Cal. short,
spreading. I. nearly as large as those of L.
Salicaria. a. p. 5,6. Moist. Sic.”—Guss.
Bertolont considers this the same as the pre-
ceding.

C. Flowers in spikes. Stamens 12.

6. Salicaria. LL. opposite or in threes,
cordato-lanceolate, Fl. in whorls, nearly ses-
sile. Inner Teeth of Cal. twice as long as
outer. p. 7, 8. Banks of ditches and
streams.

7. virgatum. L. opposite, lanceolate :
lower rounded at base ; upper attenuate at both
ends. Lower Fl. in whorls; upper alternate.
Teeth of Cal. of equal length. p. 6,7. s. e.
Germany.

XXXVII. TAMARISCINEA.

Calyx 5-partite. Petals 5, both imbricate in the bud, inferior. Stamens equal to petals or
twice as many. Stigmas 8. Capsule 3-edged, 3-valved, 1-celled, many-seeded. Placentas 3.

—Shrubs.

240. TAMARIX.

1. gallica. Smooth, glaucous. L. ovate,
acuminate. Spikes lateral, long, cylindrical.
Bracts acuminato-cuspidate. LS. 7. Sandy
shores of sea and rivers. wm. and s. Kur.

(The English plant is said to differ from
this in having L. narrower at base, an hypogy-
nous ring with 5 angles instead of 10 lobes, a
shorter point to the anthers, and a capsule
abruptly narrowed instead of gradually tapering
from the base; but we have no Zamariz which
has any reasonable pretence to be called a native
of England. |

2. africana. Smooth, somewhat glaucous.
L. ovate, acuminate. Bracts oblong or lanceo-
late, on an ovate base, but blunt at the point,
with a scariose margin. Spikes lateral, elliptic,
hardly three times as long as broad. 1.8.
6, 7. Sea-shore. s. Fr. Isl. Osero.

3. germanica. Stamens 10, alternately
shorter. Filaments united for half their length.
L. lineari-lanceolate, sessile. Spikes solitary,
terminal. Bract longer than flower-stalk. SS.
6,7. Gravel of rivers. s. Eur,

XXXVIII. PHILADELPHE.

Calyx semisuperior, 4-10-partite, persistent. Petals as many as divisions of calyx, convolute
in the bud. Stamens 20 or more. Stigmas numerous. Capsule 4—10-celled. Seeds many,
crowded in the internal angles of the cells, each with a loose membranous aril. Albumen
fleshy. Shrubs with opposite impunctate L. and no Stipules.

241. PHILADELPHUS.

1. coronarius. Fl. in racemes, Style
A-partite, shorter than stamens. L. elliptic,

acuminate, serrato-denticulate, 3-nerved. 1.8.
Among beeches on mountains. Ver. Vic. Tyrol.
Hedges 1 Dau.

_ ——_

XXXIX. MYRTACEZ.

Calyx superior, 4—6-cleft. Petals 4-6.
Seeds without aril or albumen. Shrubs.

242. MYRTUS.

1.communis. Seeds curved, irregularly
disposed. Stalks solitary, 1-flowered. Bracts 2,
_linear, deciduous. lL. ovate or lanceolate,

Fr. of many cells, with central placentas.
L. opposite, with glandular dots.

Style 1.
No Stipules.

acute. S. 6,7. Dry stony or sandy coasts.
s. Hurope.

B. mucronata. L. lineari-lanceolate, acumi-
nate.

XL. CUCURBITACEA.

Calyx superior, with 5 teeth. Corolla 5-cleft, growing from calyx.
Fruit of 3 cells, with parietal placentas fixed to the outer
Albumen 0. Stems weak, mostly climbing.

them united in two pairs.
angles of the cells, fleshy.

Style 1.

243. BRYONTA.

1. alba. L. cordate, 5-lobed, dentate, cal-
loso-scabrous. Fl. racemoso-corymbose, mone-
cious. Cal. in fertile flowers as long as corolla.
Stigmas smooth. Berry black. vp. climber.
6,7. Hedges and thickets. Lorr. Pyr. Ger. occ.

2. dioica. L. cordate,. 5-lobed, dentate,
ealioso-scabrous. Fl. racemoso-corymbose,
dicecious. Cal. in fertile flowers half as long
as corolla. Stigmas hirsute. Berry red. p.
climber. 6,7. Hedges. :

Stamens 5, four of

244, MOMORDICA.

1. Elaterium. Tendrils none. Fv. hispid,
on long stalks. L. cordate, somewhat lobed,
crenato-dentate, wrinkled, long stalked. a. 7—9.
Warm, uncult. s. Kurope.

245. CUCUMIS.

1. Colycinthis. LL. cordate at base, mul-
tifid, very rough. ‘Tendrils simple. FI. soli-
tary, on short stalks. Fr. globose, smooth.
a. 6,7. Volcanic sand. Pantellaria.

XLI. PORTULACACE.

Calyx usually in two parts.
and sessile Flowers.

246. PORTULACA.

1. oleracea. Prostrate. Divisions of Cal.

obtusely keeled. a. 6-9. Cult. and uncult.
m. and s. Hur.
2. sativa. LHrect. Divisions of Cal. with

a winged keel. a. 6-8. Cult. m. and s. Hur.

Corolla in five.
Placenta central. Embryo curved round the albumen.

Style 0. Stigmas several. Capsule of 1 cell.
Small plants, with somewhat fleshy L.

L. subulate,
a.b. Sic.”

3. pilosa. “Axis hairy!
alternate. FJ. terminal, sessile.
—Guss. from CuPANI.

247. MONTIA.

1. fontana. Branches divaricate.
somewhat connate. a. 4-8. Sandy wet.

be

130

XLII. PARONYCHIEA.

Calyx 5-parted, imbricate in the bud, persistent. Petals 5, small, sometimes wanting.
Capsule superior, of 1 cell, Placenta central. Embryo curved. Albumen farinaceous, small.

Herbs with opposite L. and scariose Stipules.

248, TELEPHIUM.

1. Imperati. Procumbent. L, alternate.
Fl. crowded, in a raceme-like corymb. op. 7.
Open rocks. s. Fy. s. Tyr. Vall. Susa.

249. CORRIGIOLA.

1. telephiifolia. Corymb leafless, on long
stalk. Fl. stalked. Stem-L. obovate. p. 6, 7.
Sandy fields. Perpignan. Prades le Boulon.

2. littoralis. Corymbs leafy, nearly ses-
sile. Fl. stalked. Stem-L. lineari-cuneate,
alternate. a. 7, 8. Gravel or sandy. s.and
m. Hur.

250. HERNIARIA.

A. Small. Stems prostrate. Flowers in

axillary clusters.

1. glabra. Stem smooth, or clothed
with short and somewhat deflexed hairs. L.
elliptic, obtuse, smooth, or with a few hairs
towards the top, or more or less ciliate. Clus-
ters axillary, coalescing on the lateral branches
into a somewhat leafy spike. Cal. nearly hair-
less. (Stem extensively rooting, BAB.) but Ido
not usually find it so. p. 7-9. Dry, sandy
or stony. m. and s. Kur.

2. ciliata. Stem clothed with minute de-
curved hairs. L. elliptic, obtuse, ciliate, and
sometimes with a few hairs on the surface.
Clusters axillary ; those on the lateral branches
distinct. Sepals tipped with a strong bristle.
Root woody. Stem rarely rooting. p. 7, 8.
Lizard Point, Cornwall. Guernsey. I adopt
this from Bab. It seems hardly distinct
from the preceding, though tm some respects
between that and i. alpina.

3. alpina. Stems clothed at first with
somewhat deflexed hairs. LL. elliptic, cili-
ate, and generally with scattered hairs on
the surface. Clusters axillary, few-flowered,
crowded towards the ends of the branches.
Cal. everywhere covered with equal hairs. p.
7, 8. Very high, rocky. w. Alps.

4. hirsuta. Stem densely covered with
spreading hairs. L. elliptic, everywhere hairy.
Clusters axillary, 5—10-flowered, distinct. Cal.

very hairy, tipped with a long bristle. p.
7-9. Sandy fields. m. and s. Eur. Neither
this nor the preceding seem to throw out
roots.

5. ineama. “Stem-L. obovate or oblong,
ciliate, attenuate. Clusters lax, about 3-
flowered. Hairs of the divisions of the Cal.
equal. p. 5,6. adr. G.’—Kocu. This ap-
pears to me to be annual, and to be the
H. cinerea of Gussone.

B. Stems erect. Flowers hairless, in a loose
cyme.

6. polygonoides. Branches dichotomous
at top. L. distant, ovate, cuspidate. Stip.
linear, acuminate, half as long as L. Fl. ter-
minal, sessile. s.S.6,7. Coast. s. Fr.

251. ILLECEBRUM.

1. verticillatum. Stems prostrate, L.
nearly round. Fl. minute, in whorled clusters.
Stip. scariose. p. 7, 8. Peaty or moist sandy.
Not in Italy.

252. PARONYCHIA.

A. Sepals dilated at top. Flowers in a cyme.

1. cymosa. Stem erect. Branches diva-
ricate. L. in whorls, somewhat terete, awned.
Ultimate Fl. in cymes. Cal. awned. a. 5. Sandy.
Cevennes. Orange. Fréjus.

B. Sepals not dilated upwards. Klowers in
axillary clusters. >
2. echinata. Prostrate. Points of the
Hood of the Sepals lengthened into awns. L.
elliptic, ciliato-serrate. Stip. much shorter
than L. Bracts much shorter than flowers. a.
5,6. Very dry. Prov. Sic.

3. longiseta. “‘ Procumbent. L. obverse-
ly lanceolate, mucronato-aristate, ciliolate.
Heads terminal and lateral. Bracts ovato-lan-
ceolate, acuminate, equalling or exceeding
flowers. Segments of Cal. oblong, 1-nerved,
with a broad margin, arched, with a seta as
long as the segment below the arch. p. 5.
Sea-shore. Nice.’—Burrvt.

4. polygonifolia. Prostrate, diffuse. Seg-
ments of Cal. with a short poimt. Sete below

PARONY CHIE. 13)

the ineurved extremity. lL. oblongo-lincar,
attenuate. Stip. membranous, lanceolate, as
long as Ll. Fl. 1-3. p. 6,7. Beds of tor-
vents. Alps of Dau. Pyr.

5. argentea,. Stems prostrate, diffuse. Seg-
ments of Cal. with a short point below the in-
curved extremity. LL. elliptic, attenuate. FI.
capitate, immersed in acute, shining, scariose
bracts. p.5, 6. Open dry. 8. Fr. It.

6. capitata. “ Procumbent or ascending.
Segments of Cal. pointless. lL. elliptic or
lanceolate, somewhat obtuse, ciliate. Heads
of FI. hid among the broadly ovate, mucronate,
shining, scariose bracts, p. 6. Dry hills.
Adriatic G.’—Kocn. s, Fr.? “Segments
of Cal, acuminate. L. acute.’—Berr,

7. mivea. Decumbent. Segments of Cal.
pointless, lineari-lanceolate, obtuse, (acuminate,
Guss.) hispid, striate, unequal. Heads of FI.
hid among the broadly ovate, acute, shining,
scariose bracts. L. lanceolate, acute. p. 4, 5.
Dry warm hills. Narb. Mont Ventous. Lig.
Sicily.

8. serpyllifolia. Creeping. Segments
of Cal. pointless, oblong, obtuse, hirsute. Heads
of Fl. terminal, hid among the suborbicular

bracts. L. ovate, obtuse, thick, ciliate, other-
wise hairless. w.6. Mountains. Pyr. Dau.
Italy.

253, POLYCARPON,
1. tetraphyllum. Triandrous. Pet. emargi-

nate. L. in fowrs on stem, opposite on branches.
a. 8,9. Walls and sandy. m. ands. Bur.

2. alsinifolium. Pentandrous. Pet. nearly
entire, shorter than calyx. JL. opposite, or in
fours, oval, somewhat fleshy. Stip. and Bracts
ovate. a. 4,5. Sandy shores. Sic. Between
Cette and Narbonne.

3. peploides. Pentandrous. Pet. quite
entire, as long as calyx. IL. small, opposite,
sometimes in fours, ovate or obovate, acute.
Stip. and Bracts lanceolate. p. 5,6. Stony.
Sic. Between Perpignan and Collioure.

254. SCLERANTHUS.

l. perennis. Cal. of I'r. closed. Seg-
ments obtuse, with a broad membranous mar-
gin. p. 5-9. Barren fields. occ. Not south
of Alps.

2. annuus. Cal. of Fr. open. Segments
somewhat acute, with a narrow membranous
margin, as long as the tube. a. 7. Barren
jields.

3. polycarpus. Cal. of Fr. open, Seg-
ments acute, without a border, shorter than
the tube. a. 6,7. Sandy. m. Hr. It.

255. LQAFLINGIA.

1. hispanica. Anthers 3. Style trifid.
Stem branched, prostrate, viscid. L. opposite,
subulate, mucronate, with a bristle on each
side of the base. a. 4,5. Isl. of Ste. Lucie
near Narbonne. Rous. Sic.

XLITI. CRASSULACEA,

Sepals 3 to 20, more or less united at base, inferior.
Stamens equalling petals, or twice as many.
L. fleshy, without stipules.

calyx.
on the inner suture.

256. TILLAA.

1. muscosa. Stems branched, decumbent
at base. Fl. axillary, sessile, mostly 3-cleft.
a.5,6. Sandy. occ.

257. BULLIARDA.

1. Waillantii. rect, dichotomous. L.
oblong, acute. F'l.-stalks exceeding L. a. 7, 8.
Moist, shady, sandy. Fontainebleau. Nuss-
dorf in Austr. It.

2. aquatica. Hrect, somewhat dichoto-

Ss

Petals as many, inserted on base of
Follicles as many as petals, 1-celled. Seeds

mous. J. lineari-lanceolate. Fl.-stalk very
short, or 0. a. 8,9. Wet sandy. Elbe at
Wittenberg. Boh.

258. UMBILICUS.

1. pendulinus. Lower L. peltate, con-
cave. Fl. tubular, pendulous. Segments acute.
Bracts minute, entire. ‘p. 6-8. Walls and
rocks.

2. horizontalis. Lowermost L. peltate,
concave; upper lanceolate. Fl. erect, after-
wards horizontal, ovoid. Segments acuminate.

2
os

132 258. UMBILICUS.

Bracts. lineari-setaceous, entire, exceeding the
flower-stalk. p. 5,6. Walls and rocks. Rome.
Nap. Sic.

3. sedoides. Somewhat creeping. Fl.
few, in a corymbose head. L. oblong, sessile,
obtuse. a.p. Snowy. Vallée d’ Bynes, Vigne-
male in Pyr.

259. RHODIOLA.

1. rosea. Root large, fleshy, above ground.
p. 6. High wet rocks. Br. Fr. G. Alps. On
the sea-coast on the west of Ireland.

260. SEDUM.

A. Root strong, perennial, producing many
stems, but no creeping runners. L. fiat.
Sp. 1.

B. Root slender, annual or biennial. No
creeping runners.

i. L. flat. Sp. 5-11.

ii. L. terete or semiterete.
a. Stamens 5. Sp. 12-14.
b. Stamens 10. Sp. 15-20.

CG. Stems perennial, creeping, throwing up
annual flowering-branches.
i. Flowers not yellow. Sp. 21-27.
ii. Flowers yellow.
a. Stems slender, all L. nearly equal.
Sp. 28-81.
b. Stems stout. L. of flowering-branches
gradually smaller. Sp. 32-88.

A. Root strong. Stems many. No Runners.
L. flat.

1. maximum. L. cordato-oblong, obtuse,
dentate, often opposite or in threes. Corymb
dense, terminal. Pet. straight, somewhat
hooded at top, and with a minute horn, yel-
lowish. p. 7,8. Walls, rocks, and banks.
G. Alps. oce.

2. Telephium. L. oval, oblong, obtuse,
serrate; lower attenuate, often opposite or in
threes. Corymb dense, terminal. Pet. some-
what recurved, not hooded, purplish. p. 7, 8.
Banks and thickets.

B. Fabaria. All L. attenuate.

3. Notarjanni. “Stems ascending, some-
what woody at base. IL. stalked, ovate, smu-
ato-dentate, hairless. Fl. few, terminal. Pet.
lanceolate. p. Cale. rocks. Fondi. very rare.”
—TEN.

4. famacampseros. I. obovate, quite
entire, hairless. Stems decumbent. Corymb
dense, terminal. p. 7. High rocks. Alps.

B. Root slender, annual or biennial. No-
creeping shoots.
i. L. flat, not round or semiround.

5. uniflorum. “ Stem erect, simple, glan-
dular. L. opposite, sessile, obovate. Fl. so-
litary, terminal, sessile. Segments of Cal.
unequal, obtuse. Pet. lanceolate, falling short
of calyx. a. Bosco del Capelliere, Sic.’ —Guss.

6. stellatum. L. roundish, attenuate, an-
gulato-crenate, hairless; lowermost entire.
H]. sessile on one side of branch of cyme. Pet.
lanceolate, pink. a. 6,7. Rocks, walls, and
dry banks. vm. and s. Eur.

7. littoreum. Stem ascending or erect.
L. oblongo-spatulate, entire, convex on the
back. Cyme usually trifid. Branches undi-
vided. Fl. sessile. Sepals obtuse. Pet. lan-
ceolate, acute, as long as sepals, yellow. a.
4,5. Cal. Sic. Gass. puts this with the terete-
leaved Sedums. Its apparent similarity to
stellatum makes me willingly follow Bert. in
placing tt with those which have flat L.

8. magellense. L. obovato-oblong. Rac.
long, terminal, sometimes branched. Capsule
erect, with a short beak, exceeding corolla. a.
7. 8. Mountain rocks. Abruzzi.

9. alsinifolium. ‘‘Stems decumbent or
erect. L. obovate, stalked, scattered. Pan.
branched, lax, few-flowered. Partial Stalks
long. Divisions of Cal. lanceolate, acute. The
whole plant pubescent. a. 7, 8. Rocks. Pdm.”
—Berr. Var. of 8. Ceperea—DC.

10. Gepzea. LL. spatulate, entire: lower
often in whorls ; upper lneari-cuneate. Pan.
oblong, much branched. Partial Stalks not
long. Pet. lanceolate, finely cuspidate. a. 6, 7.
Shady rough. s. Bur.

11. monregalense. L. in 4, lineari-lan-
ceolate. Stems ascending, diffuse, downy at
top. Pan. somewhat corymbose. Fl. on long
stalks. Pet. acuminate. p. 6, 7. Pdm. Cors.
Alpi Apuane.

ii. L. round or semiround.
a. Stamens 5.

12. Mfagnolii. Cal. without hairs or
glands. Segments acute. lL. ovate, obtuse,
imbricate. Fl. solitary, secund, sessile. a. 4.
Open hills. mdt. Fr. Ist. Nap.

13. rubens. LHrect, branched. L. oblong,

CRASSULACEAE. 133

obtuse, nearly terete, sessile, spreading, hair-
less. Fl. solitary, secund, sessile. Cal. and
Stalks with glandular hairs. a. 5-7. Dry
fields. wm. and s. Kur,

14. andegavense. Stem erect, simple at
base, trichotomous at top. lL. broadly obo-
vate, hairless. Fl. cymose, sessile. Sepals ob-

tuse. Pet. ovate, coriaceous, rough on back,
somewhat acute. a. 5, 6. Rocks. Anjou.
Cors, Sard.

b. Stamens 10.

15. annuum. Erect, branched from base.
Branches forked, at last long and flexnose. L.
cylindrical, obtuse. Cyme hairless. Fl. se-
cund, sessile. b. 6-8. Alps. Vosges and n. G.

16. atratum. L. clavato-terete, adnate.
Corymb simple, terminal, dense, hairless, fasti-
giate after flowering. Fl. stalked. Pet. ob-
tuse, with a small point, twice as long as calyx.
a. 7,8. High, open, rocky. Alps. Pyr.

17. villesum. LL. somewhat flattened
above, scattered, erect: these and the corym-
bose Pan. viscid, with glandular hairs. a.
DC., b. Kocu, p. Sm. 7. Boggy. In sandy
corn-fields in parts of Fr. Query, uf the same
species.

18. glandulosum. “ Covered with glan-
dular hairs. Stem erect. L. cylindrical, scat-
tered. Fl. in a simple or forked raceme. Seg-
ments of Cal. very short and blunt. Pet. ob-
long, acute. Capsule erect, with a very short
beak. a. 6. Mozst mountains of Mongorgori
and Gennargentu in Sard.” —BERT.

19. hispanicum. Stem branched. L.
scattered, terete, somewhat acute. Cyme
branched, racemose. Pet. 6, acuminato-aris-
tate. Anthers 12. Capsule pubescent. a.
orb. 7. Rocks. Alps. It.

20. exruleum. L. scattered, oblong, ad-
nate. Stem erect or ascending. Pan. diffuse.
Partial Stalks filiform. Pet. usually 7, lan-
ceolate, acuminate. Stamens 10-15. Capsule
with along beak. a.4,5. Rocks and walls.
Sic. Cors.

C. Stems creeping, perennial, throwing up
annual flowering-branches.
i. Flowers pink or white.

21. dasyphyllum. L. ovato-subglobose,
glaucous, gibbous at base, many of them oppo-
site. Pan. with glandular hairs. p. 6, 7.
Walls and rocks among mountains. rare.

22. glanduliferum. ‘ Glanduloso-pubes-

cent. Stems slender. LL. elliptico-spatulate,
adnato-sessile, marked with pellucid glands.
Pan. terminal, few-flowered. Pet. acute. p.
4,5. Walls, roofs, rubbish. Sic. Nap.’—
Guss. Differs from §. dasyphyllum im the
attenuate L. without red spots.

23. brevifolium. “ Stems woody, twisted
at base, hairless. L. short, ovate, obtuse, fleshy ;
those of the shoots opposite. Cymes quite
hairless, lax, terminal. Sepals thin. Pet.
somewhat obtuse. p.7, 8. High, rocks and
open pastures. Pyr. Cors.’—DC,

24. corsicum. Stem ascending, branched
at base, twisted. L. obovate, rotund, attenuate,
hispid, those of the shoots crowded. Cyme
terminal, few-flowered, hairless. Pet. some-
what acute. p. Walls. Corte in Cors., and
Jessuin Sard. Differs from S. dasyphyllum
in the hairy attenuate L. Bertoloni considers
these three as forms of 8. dasyphyllum.

25. anglicum. I. ovato-subglobose, ad-
nate, and prolonged at the base. Fl. nearly
sessile, in a smooth, leafy cyme of two branches.
a.? Rocks and sand. Br. Isl. w. Fr.

26. hirsutum. fF lowering-stem erect,
nearly leafless. L. alternate, cylindrico-ob-
long, hirsute; those of the shoots crowded.
Cyme terminal, few-flowered. Divisions of Cal.
ovato-lanceolate, obtuse. p. 6. Slaty rocks.
Auy. Pyr. Pdm. Cors. Nap.

27. album. Stem somewhat woody at
base. L. oblong, cylindrical, obtuse, spreading,
smooth, sessile. Pan. much branched, fasti-
giate. Pet. somewhat obtuse, (lanceolate,
somewhat acute, Guss.) p. 6, 7. Walls,
rocks, and dry banks.

ii. Flowers yellow.

a. Stems slender. All L. nearly equal.

28. amplexicaule. Stem erect, branched
at base. L. tereti-subulate, smooth, dilated at
base into an amplexicaul membrane! Pet.
5-7, lanceolate, acute. p. 6. Calc. rocks. Sic.
Nap. Mont Ventous. Cevennes.

29. saxatile. L. nearly terete, obtuse,
sessile, not produced at the base. Cyme 2-5-
flowered, hairless. Pet. ovato-oblong, obtuse,
p. 7-8. High rocks.

30. acre. Somewhat creeping. L. and
Sepals ovoid, with a rounded protuberance at

base. Cyme leafy, smooth. Pet. lanceolate,
acuminate. Plant very acrid. p.6. Walls
and dry.

134 260. SEDUM.

31. sexangulare. Flowering-branches
erect. L. of creeping shoots in 6 or 7 rows,
nearly cylindrical, adnate, spurred at base.
Cyme smooth. Pet. lanceolate, acuminate.
p. 7. Walls and sandy ground. Very rare
in England.

b. Stems stout. L. on flowering-branches
gradually smaller, all adnate.

32. anopetalum. L. cylindrico-subulate,
acute, mucronate; those of the barren shoots
tiled. Cyme smooth. Segments of Cal. acu-
minate. Pet. lanceolate, acuminate, erect. p.
7, 8. Open cale. rocks. s. France. Switzer-
Jand. Italy. Sicily.

33. rupestre. L. lineari-lanceolate, ad-
nate; those of the barren shoots crowded at the
end, closely tiled in five rows, 3-nerved. Cyme
corymbose. Segments of Cal. elliptic, obtuse.
Pet. 5-7, spreading. p. 7. Cale. rocks. Eng.
Fr. Rh. Koch joins this to the 8. elegans of
Lejeune.

34. altissimum. Stem somewhat woody
at base. Flowering-branches erect. L. terete,
acute. L. of barren shoots closely and irregu-
larly tiled. Cyme branched, many-flowered.
Divisions of Cal. ovate, acute. p. 5-7. Stony.
mdt. Fr. s. It.

35. forsterianum. L. lanceolate, some-
what 3-nerved, crowded at end of barren shoots,
and spreading in a sort of rosette. Segments
of Cal. elliptic. Pet. lanceolate, spreading. p.
6, 7. Rocks. Wales. Shrop.

36. albescens. “L. glaucous, subulate,
scattered ; those of branches thread-shaped. F.
cymose. Segments of Cal. lanceolate. p. 7, 8.
Suffolk.’"—Sm. Italy, Berr. L. of radical
shoots much more slender than in S. reflexaum.
—Sm.

37. reflexum. L. subulate, acute, convex
on both sides; lower recurved; those of barren
shoots scattered, similar to the others. Cyme
smooth. Segments of Cal. ovate, somewhat
acute (thickened at the summit, Gopr.). Pet.
lanceolate, spreading. p. 7, 8. Walls, rocks,
and sandy ground.

38. elegans. “L. lineari-lanceolate, al-
most flat, dotted. Segments of Cal. flat, not
thickened at the summit. Zhe Segments of
Cal. are much shorter than in 8. veflexum.
The L. more compressed, more cuspidate, and
more prolonged at the base. p. 6, 7. Sandy
woods. lorraine.’— Gopron. Maestricht,
Kocu.

261. SEMPERVIVUM.

A. Shrubby!

1. arboreum. Stem erect, (2 to 3 feet
iigh,) smooth. L. cuneato-spatulate, ciliate.
Fl. in a branched, elongated thyrse. Pet. 18.
S. 2,3. Rocks. Sard.

B. Flowers stellate. Petals 12 or more.

2. tectorum. LI. of rosettes oblongo-obo-
vate, acuminate, smooth, fringed. Pet. lan-
ceolate, acuminate, entire, hairy on the edge,
purplish. Wypogynous Scales short, convex,
resembling glands. p. 7, 8. Alpine rocks.

3. Wulfeni. L. of rosettes oblongo-obo-
vate, acuminate, smooth, fringed. Pet. linear,
with subulate tip, yellow. Hypogynous Scales
lamelliform, nearly square. p. 7, 8. Very
high rocks. Tyrol.

4. Funckii. L. of rosettes oblong, acu-
minate, glanduloso-pubescent on both sides,
and fringed with long hairs. Fil. terete. Pet.
lanceolate, acuminate, pink. Hypogynous
Scales lamelliform, nearly square. Caps. broadly
ovoideo-rhomboid. p. 7, 8. Mountains. Tyrol.
Salzb. Carinthia,

5. montanum. L. of rosettes spreading,
oblongo-cuneate, acuminate, glanduloso-pube-
scent on both sides and fringed. Stem-L. obo-
vato-oblong, erect. Pet. lanceolato-subulate,
very acute, /édac. Til. erect, terete. Germen
obliquely lanceolate. Hypogynous Scales erect,
lamelliform, nearly square. p. 7,8. Very
high, dry, rocks. Alps.

6. Braunii. L. of rosettes oblongo-cu-
neate, acute, glanduloso-pubescent on both
sides, somewhat fringed. Upper L. of stem
ovato-lanceolate, spreading. Pet. lineari-lan-
ceolate, acuminate, yellowish, with green stripes.
Fil. compressed at base. Germen obliquely lan-
ceolate. Hypogynous Scales lamelliform, nearly
square. p. Snowy rocks. Carinthia.

7. arachnoideum. LL. of rosettes obo-
vate or oblong, acute, glanduloso-pubescent,
setoso-ciliate, bearded at top. Hairs arach-
noid, radiating, connecting the tops of the L.!
Pet. oblongo-lanceolate, acuminate, pink. p.
7, 8. High rocks. Alps. Pyr. &e.

C. With offsets. Flowers campanulute.
Petals not more than 6.

8. hirtum. LL. of rosettes oblongo-lan-
ceolate, acute, ciliate. Stem-L. cordate, acu-
minate, hairy. Stem and tips of Pet. hairy.
p. 7, 8. Mountain rocks. Austria.

CRASSULACEA. 13

9. soboliferum. I. of rosettes oblongo-
cuneate, acute; those of the stem oblong,
acuminate ; uppermost ovate: all smooth and
ciliate. p. 7, 8. Wountain rocks. G.

x

yellowish. p. 7, 8.

or

10. arenarium. L. of rosettes lanceolate ;

lower L. of stem ovato-oblong ; upper trian-

gular: all ciliate, but smooth on both sides. f'l.
Woods. Tyrol.

XLIV. FICOIDEZ.

Calyx 5—8-partite, coloured within when there are no Petals, otherwise green.
Stigmas several.

serted on Calyx. Anthers oblong, incumbent.

Stamens in-
Fruit of many cells, opening

stellately at the summit. Seeds fixed at the inner angle of the cells. L. fleshy.

262. MESEMBRYANTHEMUM.

1. nodiflorum. Herbaceous, branched,
nearly erect. L. papillose, opposite and alter-
nate, terete, obtuse, ciliate at base. FI. axil-
lary, nearly sessile. Divisions of Cal. very
unequal, exceeding the very small petals. a.
6, 7. Dry barren coasts. Nettuno. K. Nap.
Sic. Cors.

2. erystallinum. Branched, procumbent,
everywhere covered with transparent papille.
L. flat, ovate, alternate, amplexicaul, undulate.
Fi. axillary, nearly sessile. a. (b.?) 5. Ma-
vitume rocks. Gallipoli. Tarentum. Sic. Cult.
wn Sicily with Salsola Soda.

263. AIZOON.

1. hispanicum. Papillose, hairless. Stem

erect. Branches dichotomous. L. lanceolate.
Fl. solitary in the forks, on short stalks. a.
4,5, Between Capes Capo d’Armi and Spar-
tivento in Calabria.

264. GLINUS.

1. lotoides. Herbaceous, tomentose. Stem
prostrate. L. obovate, unequal, on long stalks.
Hl. crowded, axillary. Stalks 1-flowered. a.
9,10. Moist. Cat. Sard.

265. REAUMURIA.

1. vermiculata. lL. semiterete, full of
pores, shorter on the branches, and crowded.
Fl. solitary, terminal. Beard of Seed bristly.
S. 7,8. Agrigentum.

XLV. CACTEA.

Calyx superior.

serted on a disc which covers the top of the germen.

Sepals in many series, gradually passing into petals. Stamens numerous, in-

Style 1. Stigmas many. Fruit fleshy, of

1 cell. Seeds attached to parietal placentas. Plant shrubby, fleshy. Stem jointed.

266. OPUNTIA.

1. vulgaris. Creeping, diffuse. Joints
elliptic. Prickles uniform, short, numerous,
setaceous. 7. yellow. w. 7. Warm open
rocks. It. Vall.

2. amyclza. ‘Hrect. Joints elliptic,
very broad, flat. Pr. stout, diverging, nearly
terete. Wool obsolete. w. Calc.rocks. Por-

tella, near Monticelli. K. Nap.”—TEn. Sicily,
if O. maxima of Gussone be, as I suppose, the
same.

3. Ficus-indica. Erect. Joints ovato-
oblong. Pr. short, setaceous, as long as the
wool. &. 5,6. Cale. rocks of coast. Sic.
south of K. Nap. Looking wild, but I believe
really planted.

XLVI. GROSSULARIA.
Calyx superior, regular, 4- or 5-cleft. Petals 4 or 5, on the calyx. Stamens 4 or 5, between

the petals.

267. RIBES.

A. Prickly. Bearing Gooseberries.

1. Grossularia. Branches spreading.
Stalks 1-3-flowered. Bracts close together.
’ Cal. campanulate. Segments reflexed. Fy.
rough. s.8.4. Walls, and rocky uncult.

B. Uva-crispa. Fruit smooth.
B. Without prickles. Flowers in Racemes.
Bearing Currants.

2. alpinum. Rac. with glandular hairs,
always erect. Bracts lanceolate, exceeding par-
tial stalks. L. polished beneath. s.S. Moun-
tain woods. un. Eng. Sc. Ger. Sic. Fr.

3. nigrum. Rac. few-flowered, pubescent,

Style 2-4-cleft. Fruit a berry of one cell and many seeds,

pendulous, with a separate flower-stalk at base.
Bracts subulate, fallmg short of partial stalk.
s.5. Moist sandy thickets. oce.

4, petrzeum. Rac. somewhat hairy, at
first erect; pendulous when in fruit. Cal.
campanulate; the Segments spatulate, erect,
ciliate. Bracts ovate, falling short of flower-
stalks. (L. with triangular, acute lobes, Bas.)
s.S. 5,6. Moist rocky woods. Fy. G. Sw.

5. rubrum. Rac. smooth, pendulous. Cal.
nearly flat, hairless. Segments spathulate.
Bracts ovate, falling short of flower-stalk. S.
5. Moist woods, oce. Cantal. According to
Bab., petreum, and spicatum of Sm., are va-
rieties of this.

XLVII. SAXIFRAGACEA.

Calyx 4- or 5-cleft. Petals 4 or 5.

of two carpels cohering by the inflexed sides or margins.

Albumen fleshy.

268. SAXIFRAGA.

Sect. I. Calyx almost superior.
ennial. Stigmas bearded.

A. L. opposite, thickened and pitted at top.
Sp. 1-5.
B. L. alternate, with a marginal row of
operculate pits.
i. Shoots forming rosettes of lingulate L.
a. L. of rosettes serrate or crenate.

Shoots per-

Sp. 6-11.
b. L. of rosettes quite entire. Sp.
12-17.
ii. Shoots ending in tufts of 3-edged L.
Sp. 18-24.

C. L. without marginal pits, alternate on
trailing shoots.
i. L. or Divisions rounded at the end.
Sp. 25-31.
ii. L. or Divisions with parabolic termi-
nations.

a. Shoots very short. L. almost all radi-
cal. Sp, 32, 33.

b. Shoots lengthened.

Stamens asmany as Petals, or twice as many. Capsules

Styles 2, persistent. Seeds numerous.

* L. 3-5-cleft. Lobes entire. Sp.
34-38.

** L. 3-cleft. Lobes 3-cleft. Sp.
39-41.

iii. L. or Divisions very acute, cuspidate.
a. L. entire. Sp. 42-44.
b. L. more or less divided. Sp. 45-48.
D. L. without marginal or terminal pits.
No trailing shoots. Two unequal Bracts.
Sp. 49-51.
Secor. II. Calyx about one-half superior.
E. L. quite entire. Shoots trailing. Sp. 52.
F. L. incise or crenate, no trailing shoots.
i. Stems naked. Sp. 53, 54.
ii. Stems leafy. Sp. 55-58.
Sect. III. Calyx inferior.
G. Stem leafy. No trailing shoots. Sp.

59-61.
HX. Stem naked. No trailing shoots. Calyx
reflected.
i. Filaments subulate. Sp. 62, 63.
ii. Filaments clavate. Sp. 64-68.

I. L. narrow, entire, on trailing shoots. Sp.
69-71.

SAXIFRAGACH AB. 137

T am afraid the student will not at first find
all these divisions intelligible, especially as to
the forms of the terminations of the L. in
division G. Iam persuaded, however, that
as he proceeds in examining a number of species,
he will obtain a distinct idea of each, in spite
of occasional deviations from the artificial
character.

Secor. I. Calyx almost superior.
ennial.

Shoots per-

A. L. small, fleshy, mostly opposite, thick-
ened at the tip, and there marked with one
or three pits.

1. oppositifolia. Fl. solitary. Cal. ci-
hate, but without glands. L. triquetro-cari-
nate. p.5,6. Very high rocks. Br. Alps. Pyr.

2. rudelphiana. fF. solitary. Cal. glan-
duloso-ciliate. L. obovate, obtuse, with a single
terminal pit. p. 7, 8. Very high, on the Kalser-
thorl near Heiligenblut.

. 8. biflora. Fi. in heads of 2 or 3. Cal.
glanduloso-ciliate. L. obovate or spatulate,
with a single terminal pit. Stamens about as
long as the separate lanceolate petals. p. 7, 8.
Snowy. Alps and Pyr.

4. Kochii. Fl. in heads of 2 or 38. Cal.
glanduloso-ciliate. L. spatulate. Stamens not
half as long as the oblong contiguous petals.
yp. 7,8. Snowy. s. Alps of Sw.

5. retusa. Fl. 1-4. L. obovate, triquetro-
carinate, with three dots on the terminal plane.
p- 7,8. Snowy. w. Alps. Pyr.

B. L. alternate, undivided, fleshy, with a
marginal row of operculate pits.
i. Shoots forming rosettes of lingulate L.;
ciliate at base.

a. L. of Rosettes serrulate or crenate.

6. Cotyledon. LL. somewhat obtuse. Mar-
gin with acuminate serratures. Stem branched
from below middle, forming a pyramidal panicle.
Branches 5—15-flowered. Pet. cuneate. p. 7,
8. High granitic dividing chain of Alps. Pyv.

7. Aizoon. L. somewhat obtuse. Margin
with acuminate serratures. Stem branched
at top. Branches 2—3-flowered. Pet. nearly
round. p. 7, 8. Mountain rocks. Alps.
Vosges. Boh. Kreuznach. s. Fr. It.

8. florulenta. ‘‘ Root-L. lanceolate, mu-
cronate, ciliate. Stem-L. linear. Stem hollow,
flowering from base, and forming a thyrsoid
raceme. Mountains of Nice.’—DC. Not
noticed by Duby or Bert.

9. longifolia. L. of roscttes crenate,
linear, very long (six inches). Stalk branched
from below middle, and forming a many-flow-
ered, pyramidal, glandular panicle. Pet. oval.

p. 7,8. High, rocks and stony. Pyr.

10. elatior. L. of rosettes crenate, linear,
not very long (¢wo inches). Stalk branched at
top. Branches long, naked, corymbose at top,
6-12-flowered. Pet. obovate. p. 7, 8. Lochs
and stony. s. Alps.

11. cochlearis. IL. of rosettes crenate,
subrotundo-spatulate. Rac. long. Branches
secund, 1-2-flowered. Cal. glandular. Pet.
obovato-oblong. p. 5, 6. Portofino in Liguria.

b. L. of Rosettes entire.

12. marginata. L. of rosettes obovato-
spatulate, hairless. Fl.-stalk glanduloso-pubes-
cent. Corymb simple, diffuse. Pet. obovate,
5-nerved, twice as long as calyx. p. 6. High
rocks. St. Angelo. Majello.

13. lingulata. L. lineari-lingulate, some-
what obtuse. Fl:-stalk branched from about
middle: that and the Cal. without hairs or
glands. Rac. long, secund, compound, many-
flowered. Pet. cuneate. p. 7. Calc. moun-
tains. Italy s. of Apenn.

14. crustata. L. linear, obtuse. an. glan-
dular. Branches 1—3-flowered. Pet. obovate.
p. 7,8. Very high. Tyrol. Carinthia. Carniola.

15. mutata. L. obtuse. Margin entire or
obscurely serrulate at the end. Pan. racemose.
Pet. lineari-lanceolate, acute. p. 6, 7. MWozst
rocky. Alps. Pyr.

16. poreophyila. lL. spatulate, rounded
at top, sometimes with an apiculus. Fl.-stalk
densely villous, glandular. Rac. terminal,
simple, few-flowered. Cor. shorter than calyx.
p. 5,6. Abruzzi. Lucania.

17. media. ‘Stems, Cali, and Stalks
viscid, with glandular hairs. L. spatulate, api-
culate. Pan. somewhat corymbose. FI. dis-
tant. Pet. broadly obovate, somewhat crenu-
late. Cal. exceeding corolla and stamens. p.
6,7. High calc. rocks. Pyr.”—DC.

ii. Shoots ending in tufts of 3-edged L.

18. burseriana. L. of shoots erect, subu-
late, finely acute, with mgid mucro. Marginal
Pits 7. Flowering-stalk glandular. Fl. mostly
solitary. Pet. subrotund, crenulate, with many
straight nerves. p. 6, 7. Cale. rocks. e. Alps.

19. Wandellii. L. of shoots erect, ovato-
lanceolate, acute, with rigid mucro. Marginal

138 268. SAXTFRAGA.

Pits 5. Flowering-stalk densely villous, glan-
dular; (few-flowered, Koc), (many-flowered,
Bert.) Pet. oval, with five straight nerves. p.
6, 8. High rocks. Alps of Tyr. and of n.e. It.

20. patens. L. of shoots lineari-oblong,
acute, widely spreading, somewhat recurved at
top. Marginal Pits 7. Flowerig-stalk 2-6-
flowered, with scattered glandular hairs. Pet.
3-nerved; lateral nerves curved. p. 7. Mountain
rocks. Fouly, Sw. Mittenwalde, Tyr. Z. 2-4
times larger than in cesia. EF. yellowish.

21. squarrosa. L. of shoots lineari-lan-
ceolate, obtuse with mucro, recurved at the
top. Marginal Pits 7. Stalk 2—-6-flowered, with
scattered glandular hairs. Nerves of Pet.straight.
p. 7,8. Mountains. Tyrol. rare.

22. ezesia. IL. obtuse; those of Shoots
somewhat acute, with thick but not cartilagi-
nous margin. Pits 7, regularly disposed. Flow-
ering-stalk 2—6-flowered, nearly smooth. Pet.
3—5-nerved ; lateral nerves curved. FV. white.

p. 6,7. High. Alps. Pyr. Apen.
B. valdensis. Pits numerous, irregularly
disposed.

23. areticides. L. of shoots erect, some-
what acute, lineari-spatulate. Flowering-stalk
covered with viscid hairs. Corymb dense, few-
flowered. Pet. golden, crenulate, with several
straight nerves. p. 6,7. Very high, rocks. Pyv.

B. luteo-purpurea. Cal. purple. L. longer.

24. diapensoides. L. of shoots erect, or
slightly recurved at top, lineari-oblong, obtuse.
Marginal pits7. Flowering-stalk 2—5-flowered,
densely covered with viscid hairs. Pet. white,
obovate, attenuate, entire, with many straight
nerves. p. 6, 7. Very high. St. Bernard.
Cenis. Monte Rosa. Maritime Alps.

C. L. membranous, without marginal pits,
alternate, on trailing shoots. Cilie arti-
culate.

i. L. or their divisions rounded at the end.
a. All entire.

25. Facchinii. L. tiled, linear, or some-
what lanceolate, attenuate, 3-5-nerved, and
whitish when dead. Stem with several L. and
1-3 flowers. Pet. attenuate, 1-nerved, hardly
exceeding calyx. p. 7. 8. Very high. s. e. Tyr.

26. planifolia. L. tiled, somewhat lan-
ceolate, attenuate, 3-nerved when dead, and
grey at top. Stem with several L., 1-5-flow-
ered. Pet. rounded at base, 38-nerved, twice
as long as divisions of calyx. p. 7, 8. Very high,
rocks. s. Alps.

27. glabella. L. tiled, linear or spatulate,
smooth; all brown when dead. Stem smooth.
Partial Fl.-stalks and Cal. downy. Pet. broadly
obovate, 5-nerved, three times as long as divi-
sions of calyx. ‘Seeds black and prickly,”
DC. p. 7, 8. Very high. Monte Cornu.
Monte Majello.

b. L. more or less divided.

28. muscoides. lL. of shoots entire; of
Rosettes and Flowering-stem entire and 3-cleft.
Segments pointing forward. Pet. spreading,
sessile, exceeding calyx. p. 6, 7. High rocks.
Alps. Pyr.

8. moschata. Covered everywhere with

glandular hairs.
Pet. bright yellow.
Very villous. Fl. secund.

Pet. deep purple.

Y- crocea.
8. secunda.
e. atropurpured.

29. stenopetala. Shoots and rosettes
sparingly furnished with entire and 3- and 5-
cleft L. Flowering-stalks leafless, 1-flowered.
Pet. linear, acuminate, much narrower than di-
visions of calyx. p. 7, 8. Very high. e. Alps.

30. exarata. L. furrowed when dry : those
of shoots entire and 3-cleft; of rosettes 3—5-
cleft. Pet. oval or oblong, sessile, spreading,
twice as long as divisions of calyx. p. 6, 7.

Alps. Pyr.

B. pubescens. L. pubescent, somewhat viscid.
y. ttermedia. Lax and straggling.

31. pentadactylis. L. rigid, somewhat
gummy ; nearly all 5-cleft. Pet. oblongo-obo-
vate, two or three times as long as the lanceo-
late, acute, nearly erect divisions of calyx. p.
7,8. Very high. e. Pyr.

ii. Terminationof L. parabolic, hardly acute,
but sometimes ending in a fine point,
which disappears in the old L.

a. Shoots very short, so that the L. appear
radical.

32. Seguieri. L. spatulato-lanceolate, at-
tenuate into haft; entire or ending in three
teeth, 5—7-nerved when dry. Flowermg-stems
with about one L. and one flower. Pet. oblongo-
linear, narrower than divisions of calyx. op.
7-8. Snowy. On the main chain of the Alps
in Sw. Pdm. and Tyr. Monte Baldo.

33. androsacea. Root-L. tufted, spatu-
lato-lanceolate, attenuate into haft; entire or
ending in three teeth, 5—-11-nerved when dry.
Flowering-stems with about 1 L. and 2 flowers.

SAXIFRAGACH AN. 139

Pet. obovate, twice as wide as divisions of calyx.
p.7, 8. Moist, stony. Alps. Pyr. Apen.

B. depressa. Pet. hardly exceeding calyx.

b. Shoots lengthened,
* L. 3-5-cleft. Lobes entire.

34. ceespitosa. Haft of L. flat, with no
distinct furrows. Pet. oval, sessile, twice as
long as obtuse divisions of calyx. (According
to Kocu, the L. have sometimes seven, or even
nine divisions.) p.5,6. Locks and stony.
Mountains of Wales. Irel. Ger.

B. grenlandica. Viscid, densely tufted.

y. decipiens. Large and lax, with larger
flowers.

35. capitata. “Stems prostrate, hardly
hairy. L. cuneate, tritid, somewhat fleshy,
nerved, crowded at the top of the barren shoots.
Lobes ovate, nearly parallel. Segments of Cal.
ovato-lanceolate, somewhat obtuse, (acute,
Dusy,) as long as tube when in flower. Pet.
ovate, far exceeding calyx. Styles very long,
nearly parallel in the flower, spatulate. p. Pyr.”
—DC.

36. hirta. “LL. 3—-5-cleft. Lobes lanceo-
late, pomted. Pan. loose, about 3-flowered.
Pet. obovate, 3-nerved. Divisions of Cal.
ovate, acute. p. 7. High. Brandon Hill,
Kerry. Gallymore, Tipperary.’—Bas. The
figure in Eng. Bot. has mduced me to place
this here.

37. elongella. ‘“ Root-L.3-5-cleft : those
of shoots undivided or 3-cleft; all bristle-
pointed and slightly ciliate. Primary Fl.-stalks
very long, simple, naked. Cal. pointed. Pet.
obovate. p. 6. Moist rocks. Angus-sh.”—Sm.
This also I place here, guided by the figure im
Ling. Bot.

38. pedatifida. LL. 5-7-cleft. Central
Lobe sometimes with three teeth. Haft two
to three times as long as blade. Divisions of
Cal. lanceolate, mucronate. Pet. narrow, spa-
tulate. p. 7, 8. High rocks. Sw. Pyr.
Mountains of Clova.

** [. 3-5-cleft. Lobes 3-cleft.

39. adscendens. Stem firm, ascending,
pubescent. L. thick, cuneate, palmate, 3—-5-
partite. Lobes broad, trifid. Segments of
Cal. ovate, acute. Pet. obovate, many-nerved,
far exceeding calyx. p. 6, 7. Banks of
streams. ~Pyr.—DC. she

40. pedemontana. L. cuneate, 3—5-cleft,
inciso-dentate, (nerved when dry.) Lobes por-
rect. Stem naked, corymbose. Lower L. of

flower-stalk triangulari-cuneate, 5—7-fid. Pet.
oblong, contracted into a claw, twice as long
as linear divisions of calyx. p.7. Very high.
Monte Rosa. Pdm.

41. geranioides. Covered with viscid
hairs. Root-L. reniform, palmato-3—5-cleft.
Lobes many-cleft. Haft two to three times
as long as blade. Segments of Cal. lineari-
lanceolate, always longer than tube. Pet. obo-
vato-oblong, flat, far exceeding lineari-lanceolate
divisions of calyx. p. Shady rocks. Pyr.—DC.

iii. Termination of L. very acute, cuspidate.
a. L. entire.

42. tenella. LL. lineari-subulate, with a
membranous margin and scattered fringe of
weak bristles. Divisions of Cal. triangular,
cuspidate. p. 6,7. Mountain rocks. Sty.
Carniola. Friuli. rare. There are sometimes
axillary tufts of L., asin S.asperaand 8. hyp-
noides, to the former of which it seems nearly
allied.

43. sedoides. L. lanceolate. Stem leafless,
1-8-flowered. Pet. ovate, acute, shorter and
narrower than divisions of calyx. p. 7, 8.
Mountain rocks. Alps from Grisons to Styria.

44. Tiohenwartii. L. lanceolate. Stem
1-3-flowered, with alternate L. Pet. ovate,
acute, as long as divisions of calyx. op. 7, 8.
Mountain rocks. Carinthia. Sty. Carniola.

b. L. more or less divided.

45. hypnoides. L. of shoots entire and 3-
cleft ; of flowering-stem and rosettes 3—5-cleft.
Haft inflated, semiterete—Kocu. Margin of
L. in axillary bundles; generally membranous,
and connected by a sort of web. p. 6. Locks
and stony. Trel.? Mountains of Br. Cey.
Auy. Cale. mountains of s. of Fr.

46. sponhemica. L. of shoots 3-cleft; of
rosettes and flowering-stem flat, even, or with
one indistinct furrow. Stalks 3—9-flowered.
Pet. obtuse, sessile, twice as long as triangular
or parabolic, acute divisions of calyx. p. 5, 6.
Rocky hills. Palat. rare.

47. affinis. L. of shoots 3-cleft; of rosettes
and flowering-stems 3-5-lobed. Fl. 2-4.
Divisions of Cal. subulate, acute. Pet. oblong,
3-nerved. Margin inflexed. p. 7. Summit
of Brandon Mountain.— Bas.

48. ajugifolia. “Nearly all L. 5-cleft.
L. smooth, cuneato-petiolate, 8-5-fid. Segm.
lanceolate, acute. Stalks axillary, ascending,
with few flowers and few L. Upper L. linear,
undivided. Divisions of Cal. lanceolate, some-

“

140 268. SAXIFRAGA.

what acute, about half as long as the elliptico-
ovate, obtuse petals. p. 7. Snowy. Pyr.”—
Dusy. :

BD. No side-shoots. Stem leafy. L. without
marginal Pits. Plants annual. Two
Bracts to Flower-statks. ;

49. controversa. Stem solitary, erect.
Branches 3-flowered at top. Partial stalks
about as long as fruit. L. cuneate, with 3-5
porrect (terminal?) teeth: those of root
crowded; the first spatulate, entire. a. 6, 8.
Rugged mountains. Alps. Apen.

50. tridactylites. Stem solitary, erect.
Stalks 1-flowered, much longer than fruit. Root
L. obovato-spatulate, entire or 3-lobed, on a

long haft. Stem-L. trifid, alternate. Root
simple. a. 4,5. Walls and dry places.
51. petrsea. Stem solitary, decumbent,

loosely panicled. Stalks 1-flowered, much
longer than fruit. L. palmato-trifid, laciniato-
dentate. Lobes acuminate. Stalks of the
lowermost channeled. Pet. obovate, twice as
long as calyx. a. 5,6. Moist stony. Pyv.
Dau. Carniola. n. It.

Sror. Il. Calyx about semisuperior.
i. L. entire.

52. aizoides. Shoots and Flowering-
stems ascending, leafy. L. linear, with a
fringe of bristles, convex beneath. Divisions of
Cal. blunt and pointless. Fil. dright yellow.
p. 7, 8. Moist mountains.

B. atrorubens. Smaller.

ciliate, Fl. dark crimson.

Shoots trailing.

L. more rigidly

FB. L. crenate or incise. No trailing Shoots.
No marginal Pits.

i. Stems naked. L.all radical.

L. obovate, attenuate into
haft, unequally dentato-crenate. Head 5-8-
flowered, somewhat corymbose. Cal. erect.
Pet. oblong, obtuse. p. 7. Mountain rocks.
Sligo. Sc. Auv. Riesengebirge.

53. nivalis.

54. hieracifolia. L. ovato-oblong, at-
tenuate imto haft, remotely repando-dentate.
Rac. somewhat compound. Cal. of Fr. reflexed.
Pet. ovate, acute. p. 7, 8. n.w. slope of the
Lantscher Alp near Gratz, and on the Wand
near Schladming, Styria ?

ii. Stems leafy.

Stem erect, few-leaved,
Root-L. reniform, lobato-

55. granulata.
branched at the top.

crenate, on achanneled stalk.
gravelly.

56. bulbifera. Stem erect, with nume-
rous small L., quite simple. Cyme terminal,
trifid, 8—7-flowered. Root-L. reniform, lobato-
crenate, stalked ; wpper L. sessile, linear, en-
tire. p. 5,6. Grassy hills. s. e. G. Apen.

p. 5,6. Open

57. vivularis. Stem ascending, nearly
simple. Root-L. palmate, with roundish lobes.
Stem-L. lanceolate, entire, all stalked. Fl. few,
generally on long stalks. p. 8. High moist
rocks, Sc.

58. arachnoidea. Stem procumbent. L.
subrotundo-obovate, attenuate, ending in 3 or
5 very short and very obtuse lobes. p. 7, 8.
Shady rocks. Valle @Ampola in s. Tyrol.
Rocks of Dos Alto in the Brixen.

Sect. II. Calyx inferior.

G. Stem leafy. No trailing Shoots.

59. cernua. Stem erect, nearly simple,
with one terminal flower. Root-L. reniform,
5—7-lobed, stalked. Upper stem-L. sessile,
incise at base; uppermost lanceolate, entire.
Axils bulbiferous. p. 7, 8. High moist rocks,
rare. Sc. Vallais. Sty.

60. rotundifolia. Stem erect. Pan.
many-flowered. Root-L. cordato -reniform,
coarsely and unequally crenate, on long-stalks.
Stem-L. inciso-dentate. Pet. lanceolate. p.

6, 8. Moist shady hills, Alps. s. Fr. It.
B. repanda. Crenatures obtuse, with acu-,
men.

61. parviflora. ‘‘Stems slender, erect,
and diffuse. Root- and lower Stem-L. stalked,
reniform, 8—5-lobed ; upper sessile, nearly
entire. Flower-stalks long, at length widely
spreading, opposite the L. Pet. elliptic, with
short claws, hardly exceeding the calyx. Ger-
men superior, free. a. 3,5. Moist rocks and
walls in elevated places. Sic.”’—Guss. Ber-
tolont refers this to §. hederacea, Linn., and
says that the calyx is attached to the base of
the germen.

EZ. Stem naked. No trailing shoots. Calyx
reflected.
i. Filaments subulate.
62. stellaris. L. obovato-cuneate, nearly
sessile, dentato-serrate at top. Scape corymbose.

Pet. lanceolate, all tapering into claws. p. 7, 8.
Wet mountains.

63. Glusii. L. oblongo-cuneate, stalked,
dentate from middle. Scape corymbose. Three

SAXIFRAGACE Zi. 141

Pet. abruptly clawed. p. 7, 8. High moist.

Tyrol. Pyr.
ti. [laments clavate.

64. cumeifolia. L. subrotundo-obovate,
very obtuse, repando-crenate, on. a flat, cuneate,
hairless haft. p.6, 7. Shady rocks. Cev.
Pyr. s. Alps. Apen.

65. umbrosa. I. obovate, somewhat re-
tuse. Haft flat, linear. Margin ciliate. Scape
panicled. p. 7,8. Motst rocks. Irel. Pyr.
Corsica.

66. elegans. “L. round, smooth, shining,
acutely serrate, not tapering into the broad
plano-convex stalks. Pan. racemose. p. 6.
Top of Turk Mountain at Killarney.”—Bas.

67. hirsuta. L. oval, somewhat cordate,
acutely serrate, hairy on both sides, slightly
tapering into a long, semiterete, channeled
stalk. p.6. Motst rocks. w. Trel. Pyr.

68. Geum. L. reniform, acutely crenate,
hairy on both sides, on a long, villous, semi-
terete, channeled stalk. p. 5, 6. Moist shade.
Trel. Pyr.

E. Leaves entire, on traling Shoots. Cie
not jointed.

69. Efirculus. Shoots prostrate, filiform.
Stalk ciliate, with slender hairs. L. lanceolate.
Flowering-stems erect, leafy. Cal. refracted.
Pet. many-nerved, with 2 calli at base. p. 7, 8.

Peaty meadows and heaths. Scot. Yorksh.
Jura. n. Ger.

70. aspera. Shoots prostrate. L. lineari-
lanceolate, awned and spinuloso-ciliate. Stem-
L. remote, spreading. Gemmiee half as long as
L. Cal. spreading. Segm. somewhat mucro-
nate. p.7, 8. Stony mountain valleys. uv.
Pyr. Alps. n. Apen.

71. bryoides. Shoots prostrate. LL.
lineari-lanceolate, awned and spinuloso-ciliate.
Stem-L. approximate. Gemmee as long as L.
Cal. spreading. Segm. somewhat mucronate.
p. 7,8. Very high dry stony. Alps. Pyr. Lig.

269. ZAHLBRUCKNERA.

1. paradoxa. Procumbent. Lower L.
cordato-reniform, 5—7-lobed. p. 7, 8. Moist
rocks between Wolfsberg and Wiesnau in Ca-
rinthia. Styria.

270. CHRYSOSPLENIUM.

l. alternifolium. IL. alternate; lower
somewhat reniform, somewhat doubly crenate.
p. 3,4. Moist shade, oce.

2. oppositifolium. L. opposite, cordato-
subrotund (subcuneato-reniform, DC.), simply
erenate. Caps. shorter than calyx. p. 4, 5.
Shady rilts.

3. ovatifolium. IL. ovate, obtusely ser-
rate. Stem-L. opposite. Caps. cloven, twice
as long as calyx. Valves acute, somewhat di-
vergent. p. 3,4. Aspramonte in Calabria.

XLVIITI.

5. Teeth of Calyx 5, sometimes wanting.

UMBELLAT.

- Germen inferior, splitting at last into two seeds, each of them surmounted by a style.

Petals

Lagecia is the only European genus which has but

1 style, with a shght indication of a second seed; and in Hehinophora, and occasionally in a few
others, only one seed is perfected. The Flowers are mostly in umbels; but in Aryngiwm they are
in Heads; and in the first tribes, and in some scattered species, the umbel is not perfectly deve-
loped. The Tribes are explained in the Analysis of the Genera in Pentandria Digynia, to which

all the species of this work belong.

Tribe 1. HRY NGIEZ.
271. HRYNGIUM.

A. Root-L. on a long stalk. Outline deeply
cordate.

i. Root-L. 3-5-partite, and further divided.

1. Bourgati. Root-L. nearly circular,

palmato-3-partite. Segments inciso-pinnatifid ;

lower part of each segment quite entire. Stalk

of lower stem-L. short, not sheathing, quite

entire. Bracts 10-12, with 1 or 2 teeth on
each side; exceeding the ovate head. Pales
entire. p.9: Open. Pyr.

2. amethystinum. Root-L. pinnatipartite.
Segments inciso-pinnatifid. L.-stalks sheathing,
quite entire at the base. Stem corymbose,
coloured in the upper part. Bracts 7-8, with
a few teeth at the base, exceeding the globose
head. Pales mostly entire. p. 9,10. Dry
hills. 3. Tyrol. n. e. It. Trieste. Tivoli.

142 271. ERYNGIUM.

3. dilatatum. Root-L. pinnatifid. Segments
incise, spinescent. Lower stalks spinoso-cili-
ate down to base. Bracts 5—7, spioso-dentate,
exceeding the globular heads. ales tricuspi-
date. p. Tuscany.

4. Spina-alba. Root-L. 3—5-partite. Seg-
ments pinnatifid, incise, and inciso-pinnatifid.
Hafts of lower L. entire; of upper inciso-pin-
natifid. Bracts 9,10, pinnatifid, about equal
to the cylindrical head. ales tripartite. p.
8, 9. Cale. mountains. Provence. Dauphiny.

5. campestre. Root L. tripartito-bipin-
natifid, incise. Auricles of stem-L. lacerato-
dentate, amplexicaul. Bracts nearly entire,
exceeding the subglobose heads. ales entire.
p. 7-9. Dry. wm. ands. Europe.

6. triquetrum. “ Stem erect ; upper part
and branches 3-edged. All L. trifid; lower
cordate, with broad lobes. Stalk sheathing.
Bracts 3—4, quite entire. Pales entire. p. 5-7.
Clayey fills. Sic.’—BrErt. (Root-L. tripar-
tite, Guss.)

ii. Root-L. undivided and 3-lobed, or ail
3-lobed.

7. maritimum. Root-L. stalked, nearly
circular, cordate at base, 3-lobed, undulato-
plicate, dentato-spinous; upper amplexicaul,
palmate. Stalks twice as long as heads. Bracts
5-7, rigid, dentato-spinous. Pales tricuspidate.
p. 7, 8. Sandy shores.

iii. Root- and Lower L. all undivided.

8. tricuspidatum. Lower L. orbicular,
spinoso-dentate. Stem-L. palmato-laciniate.
Stalk short, sheathing (entire ?). Head-stalks
very short. Bracts numerous, remotely spinous.
All Pales tricuspidate. p. 6-9. Stony hills.
Sic. Sard.

9. alpinum. Root- and Lower L. cordato-
triangular, serrato-dentate ; uppermost sessile,
palmate, serrato-ciliate, subspimulose. Bracts
10-20, not rigid: outer pinnatifid; inner
deeply serrato-ciliate, exceeding the oblong
head. ales tripartite. p.7, 8. Pastures.
Alps.

10. planum. Lower L. oval, crenate, flat ;
middle sessile, undivided; upper 5-partite,
serrate. Bracts 6-7, remotely serrato-spinose,
not much exceeding the globose head. Outer
Pales tricuspidate. p. 6, 7. Meadows. Pro-
vence? s. e. Ger.

11. dichotomum. Root-L. oblong, spi-
noso-dentate. Stem-L. palmato - laciniate.
Bracts remotely spinoso-dentate, twice as long

as globose head. Outer Pales tricuspidate. p.
5, 6. Clay hills and inundated plaims. Sic.
Calabria.

B. Root-L. lanceolate, gradually tapering
into stalk.

12. pusillum. Root-L. lanceolate, dentate
or pinnatifid. Stem-L. sessile, palmate. Bracts
exceeding the sessile heads. Base dilated into
an oblong sheath. ales entire. p. 5, 6.
Moist calc. clay. Sic. Sard. Cal.

Tribe II. SANICULEZ.

272. HACQUETIA.

1. Epipactis. Root-L. ternate or tripar-
tite. Bracts 5-6, obovate, toothed at the top,
exceeding the umbel. p. 4-6. Mountain
woods. Grisons. Carinthia. n. e. It.

273. ASTRANTTA.

1. minor L. digitate. Lts. 7-9, acute,
unequally inciso-serrate. Bracts about equal
toumbel. p. 7,8. Very high. Alps.

2. pauciflora. LL. digitate. Lts. 5-7,
entire, or with a few distant serratures. Bracts
exceeding the umbel. p. 7, 8. Very high
grassy. Alpi Appuane. Abruzzi.

3. gracilis. Root-L. tripartite. Segments
unequally serrate: lateral bifid. Outermost
divisions semiovate. Scales of the fruit conical,
acute. p. Alps of Carniola.

4. carniolica. Root-L. palmato-partite.
Segments 5, oblong, subtrifid, unequally inciso-
serrate. Bracts 12-18, exceeding the umbel.
p. 7, 8. Alpine meadows. Carinthia, Car-
niola. Friuli.

5. major. Root-L. palmato-partite. Seg-
ments 5—7, obovato-elliptic, subtrifid, unequally
inciso-serrate. Bracts 15-20, sometimes 3-
toothed at top, hardly exceeding umbel. p.
6,7. Mountains.

274. SANICULA.
1. europzea. Root-L. palmato-partite.

Lobes trifid, dentate, perfect. Fl. sessile; bar-
ren on short stalks. p.5. Shade.

275. PETAGNIA.

1. saniculifolia. Root-L. ona long stalk,

UMBELLATA.

somewhat peltate, 5-partite. Segments cu-
neate, with mucronate teeth. p.5, 6. Shady
rills, Boschi di Cannata, Sic.

Tribe II. HYDROCOTYLE.
276. HYDROCOTYLE.

1. vulgaris. L. peltate, nearly circular,
duplicato-crenate, 9-nerved. Umbels of about
5 sessile flowers. Fr. somewhat cordate at the
base. Seed with 3 ribs. p. 5,6. Marshy.

2. natans. LL. cordato-reniform, some-
what peltate, irregularly 9-11-lobed, crenate.
Umbel of about 5 flowers, not quite sessile.
Seed keeled, with a single nerve. p. 4, 5.
Ditches and marshes. Nap. Syvac. Sard.

Tribe IV. AMMINEA.
277. BUPLEURUM.

A. L. attenuate. Plant annual.
i. Fruit tubercled. Sp. 1-4.
ii. Fruit without tubercles.

B. L. attenuate. Plant perennial.

i. Herbaceous. Sp. 11-14.
ii. Shrubby. Sp. 15-18.
©. Stem-L. broad at base, and somewhat am-
plexicaul. Plant perennial. Sp. 19-23.
D. L. perfoliate. Plant annual. Sp. 24, 25.

A. Annual. LL. attenuate.
i. Frat tubercled.

l. tenuissimum. Fr. subglobose, dis-
tinctly ribbed, nearly or quite sessile. Umbel
simple, 3-rayed. Partial bracts 8-5, some-
what exceeding flower. Stem erect, branched
from base. a. 8,9. Barren, grassy.

Sp. 5-10.

2. procumbens. Fr. subglobose, distinctly
ribbed. Stalks as long as fruit (fig. in ‘ Fl. Atl.’).
Umbel 2-5-rayed. Partial bracts 5, hardly
equalling flower-stems, tufted, procumbent. a.
8,9. Calaris, Sard.

3. glaucum. I'r. subglobose, without vitte
and nearly without ribs, stalked. Partial bracts
5, lanceolate, cuspidate, serrulate on margin
and sometimes on nerves, exceeding flowers.
L. lineari-lanceolate. a. 4,5. Calc. coasts.
Narb. Mars. It.

4, semicompositum. Fr. oblong, without

143

vittee or ribs, Partial bracts lanceolate, cuspi-
date, quite entire. L. lanceolate: lower ob-
tuse ; upper cuspidate. a. 7, 8. DMelds. s. Fr.
Nice. Istr. Flor. K. Nap.

ii. Lurrows of Fruit without tubercles.

5, junceum. fr. ovato-oblong. Ribs
acute. Vittee 0. Umbel of 2 or 3 rays. Par-
tial stalks half as long as fruit. Partial bracts
lineari-lanceolate, falling short of fruit. L.

lineari-lanceolate, cuspidate, 7-nerved. a. 8, 9.
Auy. mdt. G. It.

6. Gerardi. F'r. lineari-oblong. Ribs fili-
form. Vittee 0 (8, DC.). Umbel of about 5
rays. Partial stalks as long as fruit. Par-
tial bracts 5—7, lanceolato-subulate, cuspidate,
exceeding flowers. Branches spreading. L.
lineari-lanceolate, acuminate, 8—5-nerved. a.
7-9. Dry fields. wdt. Fr. n. It. Aust.

7. affine. Fr. oval. Ribs filiform. Fur-
rows with a somewhat prominent stripe. Um-
bel 2—5-rayed. Partial stalks half as long as
fruit. Partial bracts lanceolate, acuminate,
exceeding flowers. Secondary branches short,
erect. IL. lineari-lanceolate, acuminate, 3-5-
nerved. a. 7. Uncult. Vienna.

8. glumaceum. Fr. oblong. Ribs acute.
Furrows with a single stripe. Partial bracts
5, far exceeding flowers, elliptic, cuspidate, pel-
lucid, 3-nerved, without intermediate veins.
L. very narrow, 3-nerved. a. Barren fields.
Calabria.

9. Odontites. Fr. oblong. Ribs acute.
Furrows with a single stripe. Partial bracts 5,
far exceeding flowers, aristato-cuspidate, pellu-
cid and veinless beyond the lateral nerves. L.
lineari-setaceous, 3-nerved. a. 4, 6. Dry
fields. Cal. Sic.

10. aristatum. ['r. oblong. Ribs acute.
Furrows with a single stripe. Partial bracts 5,
far exceeding flowers, aristato-cuspidate, partly
herbaceous, and veined beyond lateral nerves.
L. spatulato-lanceolate: upper linear, acute,
cuspidate, 3-nerved. a. 6,7. Dry hills. m.
and s, Kur.

Stem-L. attenuate towards
the base.

i. Herbaceous.

1]. cernuum. “Erect. Branches flaccid,
incurved. Root-L. oblong. Stem-L. linear,
all flaccid, acute, 5-nerved. General involucre
of about 3 L.; partial of 5; lineari-setaceous,
very short, unequal. Umbels generally droop-
ing before flowering. Fr. oblong, ribbed.

B. Perennial.

144 277. BUPLEURUM.

Furrows even, or somewhat striped. p. Mown-
tains. Abruzzi. Differs from B. falcatum
by the compressedly 4-edged seeds, the linear
L., and other marks.”’—TEN.

12. exaltatum. “Stem loosely panicled.
Root-L. lineari-lanceolate, attenuate into stalk ;
upper linear, attenuate, all acute, with 5 nerves
and intermediate veins. Umbels of 5-10
rays. Partial bracts lanceolate, acuminate,
equalling the stalked fruit. Ribs narrowly
winged. Stripes 3. p. 7, 8. On Mount
Slavmik and other mountams of coast:”—
Kocu. Whether these differ from one another
and from B. faleatum, the descriptions do not
enable me to determine, and I have no speci-
mens of decisive authority.

13. faleatum. [F'r. oval, about equal to
stalk. Ribs thin, somewhat winged. Stripes
8. Partial bracts lanceolate, cuspidate, 3-
nerved, equalling umbel. Lower L. elliptic,
attenuate into stalks; uppermost lineari-lan-
ceolate, finely acute. p.8, 10. Dry hills.

14. rigidum. Fr. oblong. Ribs very thin.
Stripe single. Umbel of about 3 rays. Bracts
very small. Lower L. obovato-lanceolate,
very attenuate, many-nerved; upper lanceolate,
very small. p. 8. Stony. s. Fr., from Prov.
to Narbonne. Mont Cenis.

ii. Shrubby.

15. elatum. Fr. oblong. Ribs acute.
Umbel of 10-14 equal rays. Partial bracts
4-5, lanceolate, cuspidate, 5-nerved, exceeding
tmmbel. Lower L. oblongo-lanceolate, stalked,
attenuate; upper lanceolate, sessile : all many-
nerved. w. 17, 8. Cold calc. rocks. Ma-
donie alla Colma Grande.

16. dGianthifolium. [r. oblong. Ribs
acute. Terminal Umbel of about 6 rays;
lateral nearly simple. Partial bracts 5,
shorter than umbel. Stems tufted. Lower
L. crowded, lineari-lanceolate, 38-nerved; of
flowering-branches few and short: all ses-
sile, and sprinkled with white dots. p. 5, 6.
Isl. Maretimo.

17. fruticescens. Fr. glaucous; the
ribs hardly apparent. Partial bracts 5, linear,
acute, reflexed, shorter than fruit. Rays 2
or 8. Bracts 38-5, subulate, very short.
Stem tortuose. Branches (erect, DC.) (divari-
cate, Brrr.). L. linear, rigid, acuminate,
convolute. w. Dry. Between Narbonne
and Perpignan.

18. fruticosum. Fr. oblong. Ribs acute.
Umbel of many equal rays. Bracts oblong,

obtuse, deciduous. L. oblong, coriaceous, 1-
nerved, quite entire, sessile. &. 7, 8. Dry
calcareous. mdt. Fr. Nice. Cors. Sicily. .

GC. Perennial Herbs. Stem-L. broad at base,
somewhat amplexicaul. Involucels full
and flower-like.

19. ranunculoides. Root-L. lineari-
lanceolate. Stem-L. ovato-lanceolate, some-
what amplexicaul. Bracts about 3, unequal ;
partial 5, ovate, mucronate, nerved. Ridges
of Fr. winged. Furrows with 1 stripe. p. 8.
High pastures. Alps. Pyr. Jura. Apen.

B. caricinum. Root-L. somewhat conyolute,
lineari-subulate. Stem-L. hardly dilated
at base. p. 8. Open rocky. Pyr. Apen.

20. gramainifolium. Root-L. linear.
Stem naked, or with 1 L. Partial bracts 5-8,
oblong, mucronate. Ridges of Fr. winged.
Furrows with a single very broad stripe. p.
7, 8. Stony. Alps. occ. Pyr.

21. stellatum. Root-L. lineari-lanceolate.
Stem nearly naked. Partial bracts 8, united

into a disc! Ridges of Fr. winged. Furrows
with a single stripe. p. 7, 8. Mountain
meadows. Alps. Cors.

22. longifolium. LL. ovato-oblong : lower
attenuate; upper cordate, quite amplexicaul.
Partial bracts 5, ovate, somewhat acumi-

nate. Ridges of Fr. fiiform. « Furrows with
3 stripes. p. 7,8. Mountains. Fr. Ger.
Sw. Sav.

23. pyrenzum. Root-L. lanceolate.

Stem-L. cordato-lanceolate, amplexicaul. Par-
tial bracts 5, obovate, exceeding flowers.
Ridges of Fr. acute. p. 9. Rocky meadows.
Pyrenees.

D. Annual. L. perfoliate.

24. protractum. Fr. tubercled. Stem-
L. ovato-oblong, acuminate. Partial bracts
5, mucronate. Umbel about 3-rayed. a. 5, 6.
Frelds. s. Europe.

25. rotundifolium. Fr. smooth. Stem-L.
subrotundo-ovate. Partial bracts 5, mucro-

nate. Umbel 5—8-rayed.. a.6,7. elds.
278. CICUTA.
1. virosa. R. hollow, with transverse

septs. Fibres cylindrical, verticillate. L. 2—8-
pinnate (twice ternate, Sm.). ts. lanceolate,
serrate (decurrent, SM.). p. 8. Peaty ditches
and streams.

UMBELLAT A. 145

279. PTYCHOTIS.

1. heterophylla. Root-L. pinnate. Lis.
youndish, inciso-serrate. Stem-L. multifid.
Segments lineari-filiform. All the partial
bracts setaceous. b.7, 8. Stony. s. France.
Savoy. Piedmont.

2. verticillata. All the L. multifid. Seg-
ments of root-L. lineari-cuneate, 2—3-cleft;
of others capillary. Two of the partial bracts
spatulate, cuspidate. p. 7. Grassy. Italy.
Istria.

Z80. FALCARIA.

1. Rivini. Root-L. simple or ternate.
Stem-L. ternate; the middle Lt. trifid, divided
on one side to midrib. Segments linear.
Serratures equal, regular. b. 7,8. elds.
m. and s. Hur.

2. latifolia. L.ternate. Middle Lt. tri-
fid. Segments of lower L. ovate, cuneate at
base, deeply and unequally serrate. b. 6, 7.
Cale. hills. On the mountain Zhaun, Carniola.

281. HELOSCIADIUM.

1. stoloniferum. “Stem striate, erect,
solid, flexuose, stonoliferous at base. LL. pin-
nate. Lts. 7-11, ovato- or oblongo-lanceolate,
regularly acuminato-serrate ; terminal obovate,
cuneate at base (rarely cordato-ovate), some-
what 3-lobed. Umbels axillary, stalked. Invo-
lucre of 1 entire and often deciduous L. p.
4-7. Mountain rills. Madonie, Sicily.”’—
Guss. Not in Bertoloni.

2. nodiflorum. Stem procumbent. L.
pinnate. ts. ovate, equally and obtusely ser-
rate. Umbels sessile, or on short stalks oppo-
site to L. Involucre of a single L., often want-
ing. p. 7,8. Water.

3. repens. Plant with creeping runners,
but no proper stem. L. pinnate. Lts. roundish,
unequally and acutely inciso-serrate. Umbels
opposite to L. Stalk longer than umbel. Invo-
lucre persistent, of 2 or 3 L. p. 8. Moist peaty.
Fr. Valley of Rhine. occ.

4, intermedium. L- pinnate. Lts. some-
what verticillate, trifid. Root somewhat bulb-
ous. Umbels stalked, 4—5-rayed, opposite L.
Involucre of about 5 L. p.8. Stell water.
Dax.

5. ecrassipes. L. pinnate ; uppermost ter-
nate. Its. obovate, trifid, and entire; those
of the immersed L. divided into capillary seg-
ments. Rays 3-5, rigid, thick at the base,

somewhat connate! Involuere 0. Partial Stalks
3 or 4 times as long as fruit. p. 4. Marshes.
Corsica. Sard.

6. inundatum. L. pinnate, incise. Sub-
mersed L. multifid with capillary segments.
Umbel of 2 rays, each about 5-flowered. Par-
tial Stalks much shorter than fruit. p.5. S¢/Z
water. Hng. Fr. n. Ger. Tusc. Sic.

282. SIUM.

A. Vitte superficial ; the lateral ones mar-
ginal,

Ll. latifolium. Root fibrous, stoloniferous.
Stem deeply furrowed. L. pinnate. Lits. ob-
longo- or ovato-lanceolate, equally serrate.
Subaqueous L. often bipinnatifid. Involucels
of many L. Carpophore attached to seeds.
A tall and slender plant. p. 7,8. Ditches
and pools.

2. longifolium. ‘Stem striate. L. pin-
nate. Lts. lineari-lanceolate, long, unequally
dentate, very acute. Involucre usually of one
L. Fr. seen on the sides oval, and not round
asin S. latifolium. p. Ditches and marshes
at Cechia (Bohemia).”—DC. Not noticed by
Koch, nor by Bluff and Fingerhuth.

B. tte covered by a thick bark ; the lateral
ones not forming the margin.

3. angustifolium. Seed quite circular
on section. L. pinnate. Lts. unequally lobed
and serrate. Involucre of many incise L.
Plant bushy. p.7, 8. Still water.

283. AMMTI.

1. majus. lL. pinnate, with a sharply
serrate, cartilaginous margin. Stalks cuneate.
Lts. of lower L. obovato-lanceolate; of upper
multifid, linear, a. b.5—-7. Fields. m. and
s. Europe.

2. glaucifolium. Nearly all the L. bipin-
nate. Stalks lmear. Ls. of lower L. lanceo-
late; of upper multifid, very narrow. a. b.
5-7. Fields. It. Bert. unites this to ma-
jus, but the more divided L. give it a different
habit.

3. intermedium. “All L. decomposito-
multipartite. Segments incise or toothed :- the
lower wedge-shaped; upper lneari-subulate,
serrate, very acuminate. Toulouse. Reggio.
Intermediate between glaucifolium axd Vis-
naga.” —DC.

4. Visnaga. All L. tripinnate. Segments
lineari-filiform, cuspidate, divaricate. Primary

146 283. AMMI.

Division of upper L. digitate. Rays numerous,
equal, often above 100 ; indurated after flower-
ing. a. b. 8,9. Melds and road-sides. s. Fr.
ltaly.

5. crinitum. L.supradecompound. Ls.
lineari-setaceous, smooth, on a bristly stalk.
Sheaths somewhat ventricose, with a scariose
margin. Bracts on a sheathing base. Outer
Rays longest. Fr. smooth. Upper part of
Stem somewhat bristly. a.b.5. Clayey fields.
Sic. Calab.

284. GASPARRINIA.

1. virescens. Root fusiform. Stem
branched, furrowed. lL. bipinnate; outline
obleng. Lts. linear, short, acute. p. 6. Rocky.
Mont Afrique, near Divio in Burgundy. Castel
Grande mm Lucania. Aspramonte.

285. PETROSELINUM.

1. sativum. LL. decompound, shining.
Lower Lts. ovato-cuneate, trifid and dentate ;
upper lanceolate, nearly entire. Partial Bracts
filiform. Umbel of many rays. b. 6,7. Rocks.
Sardinia.

2. segetum. Root-L. pinnate. Lts. ovate,
lobed, incise, serrate. Umbel of few unequal
rays. a. b.8. Moist fields. Wng. s. and w.
Fr. Not in G.

286. SISON.

1. Amomum. L. pinnate; the upper ones
ternate, multifid. Umbels erect. Stem erect.
Branches thin, rigid, zigzag. p. 8. Hedges.
Very rare in G. or wanting.

2. lateriflorum. ‘Stem diffuse, dicho-
tomous, divaricate. Divisions of Lts. 2-3-par-
tite, capillary. Umbel of about 3 rays, oppo-
site L.; sessile, or rarely on short stalks. Invo-
lucel 0. a. 6. Pisa.”’—Bourr.

287. BUNIUM.
A. Stripe solitary.

1. verticillatum. Root fascicled. Fibres
clavate. L. pinnate, multipartite ; outline
linear. Segments crowded, whorled! lineari-
filiform. p. 7,8. Moist grassy. w. Kur.

2. divaricatum. Root subglobose. Tuber
at base of attenuate stem. L. decompound.
Segments linear. Umbel of 6-12 rays, divari-
cate after flowering. p. 5. Melds. Istria.

Koch thinks Carum divaricatum not the same
as Bunium divaricatum of Bertoloni; but I
see no reason for the suspicion.

3. Bulbocastanum. Root a subglobose
tuber at base of attenuate stem. L. somewhat
tripinnate. Segments linear, acute. Umbel
of 12-24 rays, erect after flowering. p. 6, 7.
Marly fields. m. ands. Eur.

B. Stripes two or more.

4. flexuosum. Root a subglobose tuber
at base of attenuate stem. Fr. flask-like.
Ridges very small. Kernel curved. Fi.
nearly equal. L. 2-3-pimnate. Segments
linear, filiform. p. 5,6. Shade. w. Hurope.
Corsica.

5. capillifolium. Root a subglobose tu-
ber at base of attenuate stem. Fr. oblong-
lanceolate. Ridges very small. Fl. very radi-
ant. ts. of upper L. elongated, capillary,
nearly simple. p.5, 6. Woods. Nebrodes.
Aitna.

6. montanum. Root subglobose.
attenuate? Fr. not longer than the outer
pedicels. Ridges prominent, acute. Lower
L. tripimnate. Segments linear, 1-nerved, with

Stem

amucro. Bracts lanceolate, with a scariose
margin. Rays of umbel 6-10. p. 5-7.
Corn. Monte Maggiore in Ist. Fiume.

7. alpinum. Root a somewhat oblong,
knobby tuber. Stem flexuose, attenuate. Fr.
elliptic-oblong, twice as long as pedicels. Ridges
prominent, acute. L. bipinnate, pinnatifid.
Segments lineari-lanceolate, short, uniform,
nerveless, obtuse. Rays of umbel 6-10. Bracts
ovato-lanceolate. p. 7, 8. High. Monte
Magella. Monte Vittore.

8. aphyllum. ‘“ Root subglobose, fleshy.
Stem terete, erect, nearly simple. Stem-L.
reduced to astriate sheath. Hach involucre of
4-5 acuminate bracts. p. Nebrodes.”—DC.
Not mentioned by Guss. or Bert.

288. CRYPTOTANIA.

1. Thomasii. Umbels disposed in a leaf-
less panicle. Fr. ovoid. Lts. rhombeo-ovate,
unequally dentate. p. 6. Shady rivulets.
La Serra in Calabria ulterior. Aspramonte.

289. PIMPINELLA.

A. Fruit hairless. Root perennial.

1. magna. Lts. all ovate,

L. pinnate.

UMBELLATA,

incise or dentate ; terminal 3-lobed. Stem
scored, somewhat angular. p.7, 8. Shady
hills.
B. rubra.
y. orientalis.
8. dissecta.

Fil. pink.
Lts. pinnatifid.
Lts. of upper L. bipinnatifid.

2. Saxifraga. IL. pinnate. Lis. of root-
L. roundish, incise or dentate; of upper in
various linear segments. Stem finely striate,
terete; upper part nearly naked. Fl.-stalks
hairless. p. 7, 8. Dry.

B. Jurcina. Somewhat downy. Lis. nearly

all pinnatifid or laciniate.

y. alpina. Lis. of lower L. deeply pal-

mato-dentate.

3. nigra. L. pinnate. Lts. of lower L.
ovate, obtuse, lobed, and dentate. Stem finely
striate; upper part nearly naked. F'l.-stalks
densely downy. oot becomes blue when cut.

Pai. 6. Ory fells. n. G.

4. lutea. L. pimnate, downy. Lis. of
lower L. rounded, obliquely cordate, dentate ;
the terminal somewhat 3-lobed. I. yellow.
Stem dichotomously panicled. Upper L. at
branchings lear. p. 6, 7. Open volcanic
fills. Isl. of Pantellaria and Cosyra.

5. anisoides. Root-L. bipinnate. Lts.
subrotundo-ovate, serrate (cuneato-ovate, pin-
natifido-dentate, Brrr.). Sheaths of upper
L. leatless. Umbels numerous. Rays 5-7.
Fr. ovoid. Styles of Fr. long, divaricate. p. 7.
Hills. Calabria. w. Lucania. Pesto ?

6. Gussonii. “ Stem paniculato-dicho-
tomous. Sheaths on the stem nearly leafless.
Root-L. bipimnate. Lts. cuneato-ovate, pin-
natifido-dentate, obtuse. Fr. roundish, hairy.
Styles of Fr.recurved. p.7, 8. Grassy hills.
Coast of Sic.”—BeErt.

B. Fruit hairy. Root perennial or biennial.

Root-L. pinnate. Lis.
Stem-L. very few.
p65 (5) Dry

7. Tragium.
obovate, inciso-serrate.
Pet. hairy. Fr. tomentose.
rocky. s. Hur.

8. peregrina. Root-L. pinnate. Lis.
cordate, serrate; terminal generally 3-lobed.
Stem-L. narrower. Fr. hispid. b. 6, 7. Dry
rocky. s. Hur.

G. Fruit downy. Root annual.

9. Anisum. Root-L. cordato-subrotund,
lobed, inciso-serrate ; middle pinnatifid ; upper-
most trifid. Segments linear. Margin entire.

U

2

147
Fr. with scattered hairs. p. 7, 8. Cultivated

on a large scale in Thuringia and Alsace.

290. APIUM.

l. graveolens. Acumen of Pet. closely
involute. L. pinnate: uppermost ternate, with
cuneiform leaflets. Lts. incise and dentate at

top. b. 8,9. Salt marshes.
291. CARUM.
1. Carui. L. bipinnate. Lowermost Its.

decussate, all multifid. Uppermost L. opposite :
one sessile, the other on a dilated stalk. In-
volucels 0. p.5, 6. Grassy.

292. AKGOPODIUM.

1. Podagraria. Root-L. twice ternate.

Ds. Os Oa ehecy:

293. TRINTA.

1. HXitaibelii. Partial bracts 4-5. Ribs
of Fy. obtuse. b. 6. -s. Moravia. J have a
specimen which I believe ts from Uphill, So-
mersetshire. Probably a var. of T. vulgaris.

2. vulgaris. Partial bracts 1 or 0. Ribs
of Fr. obtuse. b. 5,6. Open downs.
B. Dalechampi. Dwarf. Lobes of the L.

linear. Umbels crowded, many-flowered.
K. Naples.

Tribe V. SHSELINEZ.
294. GINANTHE.

A. Root fascicled, more or less tuberous.
Kernel of fruit imbedded in a corky mass.

1. fistulosa. Stem-L. pinnate. Stalk fis-
tulose, longer than L. p.7,8. Water.

a. Root-L. bipimnate. Ls. lobed, cuneate.

B. Tabernemontan. Root-L. bipinnate.
Lits. multifid. Divisions linear. p. Wet.
Alsace. Palat.

2. globulosa. Roots club-shaped. Lower
L. bipinnate, segments lanceolate ; upper
pinnate, segments linear. Umbel of fruit
rarely of more than 2 rays. Fr. 6-12, ses-
sile, globoso-turbinate, contracted at top, very
large. p.5. Ostia. Civ. Vecch. Cors. Sard.
Sicily.

3. densa, J. W. Roots club-shaped. Lower

148 294. GINANTHE.

L. bipinnate, inciso-pinnatifid, segments lan-
ceolate ; upper pinnate, segments linear, very
long. Umbel of 5-12 rays. Fr. 50-60, ellip-
tic ; outer stalked. p. 5, 6. Ditches. Cannes.
Ostia.

B. Root fasciculate. Corky mass forming a
ring at base of fruit.

4. pimpinelloides. Tubers roundish or
ovoid, on filiform fibres. Root-L. bipinnate.
Segments cuneiform, incise. Segments of
stem-L. linear, very long, entire. Fr. cylin-
drical. p. 6,7. Moist pastures.

5. Esisee. Tubers small, ovoid or cylin-
drical, terminating in a long fibre. L. bipin-
nate. Lts. small: those of lower L. subrotund,
obtusely lobed ; of upper oblong or linear.
Umbel of few rays. Fl. few. Fr. small,
somewhat cylindrical; outer on stalks shorter
and narrower than fruit. p. 4,5. Moist.
Sard.—BeErt.

6. Jordani. Fibres cylindrical, somewhat
fleshy, not swelling or forming any distinct
tubers. All L. bipinnate. Lts. of lowersubrotund,
obtusely 3-lobed or entire; of upper lneari-
lanceolate. Involucel exceeding the nearly
globose umbellule. p.6. Marshes. Between
River Sele and Pestum.—Brrr. Bert. says,
“Fruit exactly hke that of O. silaifolia,” on
which account I put the species here, though
with some doubt, as Bert. describes the fruit
of O. silaifolia as more contracted at the base
than at the top.

7. silaifolia. Fibres oblong or somewhat
club-shaped. L. 2-3-pinnate. Lts. of lower
L. lanceolate; of upper linear ; but all nearly
alike. Fr. cylindrical. p. 6,7. Hng.? Fr.
Laybach. Istria. Savoy. Naples.

CG. Root fasciculate. Corky mass confined to
the gussets of the seeds and to the ribs.

8. peucedanifolia. Tubers ovoid or ob-
long, sessile. Lower L. bipinnate ; upper pin-
nate: divisions of all lmear. Outer petals
twice as large as in O. Lachenalii, with a
longer claw, and cloven only to a third of
their length. p.6,7. Rich meadows. Fr.
G. Lombardy. Roots are eaten im w. of Fr.

9. Isachenalii. Tubers cylindrical or
somewhat club-shaped, long. Lower L. bipin-
nate. Lts. ovate or cuneate, obtusely incise ;
upper pinnate. Leaflets lear, acute. Fr. ob-
long, but attenuate at each end. Pet. of rays
subrotund, divided to middle. Zhe divisions
of the upper L. are twice as long as in

O. silaifolia.
ditches.

p- 6, 7. Darshy meadows,

10. crocata. Tubers cylindrical or some-
what fusiform, thick and long. L. 2—8-pin-
nate. Jits. cuneato-ovate, inciso-dentate : all
nearly alike. Fr. nearly cylindrical. p. 7.
Ditches. Very poisonous. Eng. Fr. Cors.
Sardinia.

D. Root simple, fusiform, fibrous.

ll. Phellandrium. Stem greatly enlarg- -
ing towards the base. Divisions of submersed
L. capillary. Upper L. tripmnate. Lits. ovate,
pinnatifid. Umbels opposite the L. Fr. ellip-
tico-oblong. p.? 7, 8. Stell water.

12. fluviatile. Stem rather diminishing
towards the base. Divisions of submersed L.
cuneate. Upper L. tripinnate. Lts. ovate, pin-
natifid. Uwmbels opposite L. Fr. elliptico-ob-
long. p.? 7,8. Running water. Discovered
by Mr. Coleman at Hertford; frequent in
Hampshire and Dorsetshire. Zhe rut
when dried exhibits but little of the corky
substance.

295. CRITHMUM.

l. maritimum. L. tripinnate. Lis. lan-
ceolate, fleshy. Bracts ovato-lanceolate, acute.
p. 8. Rocky calc. shores. Notim G.

296. ATHUSA.

1. Cynapium. L. all bipimnate. Ls.
lanceolate, pinnatifid. Outer rays twice as long
as fruit. Involucel of 3 pendulous L., much
longer than umbel. a. 6-8. Rich.

2. cynapioides. Divisions of L. oblong,
acute. Outer rays of umbel about as long as
fruit. Involucel of 3 L., not longer than wn-
bel. a. 6,8. Woods and waysides. lower
Aus. Boh.

297. FAINICULUM.

1. officinale. L. decompound. Segments
capillary. Rays 13-20. Stem round at the
base. b. 7,8. Sandy and rocky uncult: Rare
im G.

Two allied species are sad by Bertoloni
to be cultivated in Italy: ¥. sativum, an annual
plant with a hollow stem, and a fastigiate (not
concave) umbel ; and ¥. dulce, also an annual,
with a swelling and somewhat compressed
base to the stem, which is eaten; and L. in
two opposite rows.

2. piperitum. Lacinie of upper L. subu-

UMBELLATA. 149

late, mucronulate, rigid. Rays 8-10. p. 6-9.
Sic. Sard. Rome. Terrac.

298. BRIGNOLIA.

1. siecula. First L. simple; later pinnate
or bipinnate. Lis. ovato-lanceolate. op. 6.
Diy, open. Gen. Cors. Sic. Rome.

299. SHSELI.

A. General bracts 0; partial united almost
to the summit.

1. Hippomarathrum. L. tripinnate; out-
line oblongo-ovate. p. 7, 8. Cale. rocks. Als.
Pd. Ger.

B. General bracts few or 0; partial sepa-
rate, or only gust adhering at the base.

2. coloratum. Branches simple. Lower
L. tripimnate; outline oblongo-ovate. Divi-
sions linear. Rays 15-20, angular,’ downy.
Partial bracts lanceolate, with broad membra-
nous margin, exceeding partial rays. Germen
downy. b. p. 8. Hills. Fr. G. It.

3. polyphyllum. Branches short and few.
Lower L. bipinnate; upper pinnate: Lis. of
all linear; upper reduced to a sheath. Rays
15-20, furrowed, hairy. Partial bracts seta-
ceous, about half as long as umbel. - p. 8-10.
Rocks. Capri.

4. montanum. Stem branched. L. bi-tri-
pinnate; outline oblongo-ovate. Stalk chan-
neled. Divisions linear. Rays 6-12. Bracts
lineari-subulate, with a narrow membranous
margin. Germen hairy. p. 7, 8. Open hills.
s. and m. Eu.

5. tortuosum. Stem rigid, with numerous
divaricate, flexuose branches. L. rigid, de-
compound; outline triangular. Segments tri-
fid. Laciniz linear, short, somewhat acute.
Rays 5-10, hairy and angular. Partial bracts
nearly equal to partial umbel, lanceolate, with
broad membranous margin. Fr. hairy. p.

9,10. Open. s. Fr. Sic.
6. Bocconi. “Stem terete, woody at
the base. L.ternato-supradecompound. Lis.

thick, lanceolate, entire or trifid. Upper sheaths
lax, nearly leafless. Rays 8-15. Partial bracts
lanceolate, acuminate, about as long as downy
partial rays. Fr. oblong, smooth when old.
p- 10,11. Cale. rocks. Sic. Corsica. Sard.”
—BErt.

7. varium. Branches erect. Lower L.
ternato-tripinnate ; outline triangular. Stalks
suleate. Laciniee linear. Rays 15-25, nearly

terete, hairless. Partial bracts lanceolate, acu-
minate, half as long as rays. Fr. oblong. Fur-
rows with a single stripe. p. 7, 8. Dry stony.
lower Austria.

§. glaucum. Branched. Lower L. ter-
nato-tripinnate; outline triangular. Stalk te-
rete or somewhat compressed. Lts. lineari-
lanceolate. Rays 10-15, nearly terete, hairless.
Partial bracts subulate, with a narrow mem-
branous margin. Germen wrinkled. Fr. some-
times downy. Furrows with | stripe. b. 7, 8.
Woody hills. s. e. G, Mantua. Friuli.

9. Gouani. Stem divaricately branched
from base. Lower L. triternato-decompound ;
outline triangular. Lts. lineari-filiform. Rays
3-6, terete, hairless. Partial bracts subulate,
with narrow membranous margin, equalling
partial rays. Germen wrinkled and some-
what downy. Fr. hairless. (Furrows with 3
stripes, Kocu.) p. 8,9. Cale. rocky. s. Fr.
Trieste. n. e. It. According to Bert. this is
the S. elatum of Linn., but Koch justly observes
that the description does not agree.

300. LIBANOTIS.

1. montana. Stem furrowed. LL. bipin-
nate. Divisions sessile. Lts. inciso-pinnatifid ;
the lowermost decussate. General bracts nu-
merous. Umbels hemispherical. 7. pubes-
cent. p.8,9. Hills. m. Eur.

B. athamantoides. Fr. hairless. Carniola.

y. pubescens. Stem angular. Stem and L.
pubescent. Fr. villous. _ Pyr. w. Fr.

5. daucifola. Stem angular. Lts. finely
divided into lineari-lanceolate, acute lobes.
Pyr. Auy. Austr.

2. verticillata. Stem terete, furrowed ;
upper part leafless. L. bipinnate: divisions
sessile. Lts. pinnatipartite, incise: lower-
most lobes decussate. General bracts few. Ripe
Fr. without hairs. Chambre d'Amour in Pyr.
near Bayonne.

301. ATHAMANTA.

1. sieula. L. tripinnate. Divisions of Lts-
ovate or lanceolate, very short, bluntish. Um-
bel of 10-12 rays. Pet. externally villous. Fr.
oblong, velvety. p. 6. Cale. hills. Alps.
of Pdm. w. Liguria. Monte Gargano. Apulia.
Sicily.

2. cretensis. IL. tripinnate. Lts. divided
into linear, trifid, acuminate lobes: the lowest
hardly exceeding the others. Umbel 6-9-

150 301. ATHAMANTA.

rayed. Pet. hirsute on the back. Fr. oblongo-
lanceolate, attenuate, covered with spreading

hairs. p. 6-8. Rocky, open hills. m. and
s. Eur.
3. Matthioli. L. tripinnate. Lts. trifid.

Divisions long, lineari-filiform, divaricate. Um-
bel 15-25 rayed. Fr. oblongo-lanceolate, at-
tenuate, covered with erect, velvety hairs. p.
6,7. Mountains. Nice. Italian Tyrol. Ven.
Alps. Sty. Carniola.

302. TROCHISCANTHES.

1. nodifiorus. Stem much _ branched;
upper part naked. Lower L. broad, triternate.
Lis. ovato-oblong, acute, coarsely serrate. p.
6,8. Mountain woods. Dau. Prov. Vall. Pdm.
Gen. Bol.

303. LIGUSTICUM.

A. Calyx of 5 distinct Teeth.
bracts many.

1. scoticum. L. twice ternate. Lts. rhom-

beo-ovate, dentato-serrate. Bracts entire, mem-
branous on margin. p. 7. Sea-coast. Sec.

General

2. ferulaceum. L. supradecompound. Ls.
somewhat remote, linear, cuspidate. Bracts
pinnatifid at the summit. p. 6, 7. Open
valleys. Alps of Dau. Pdm. Jura. Saleve.

B. No Calyx.

3. resinosum. Stem nearly naked, bran-
ched at top. Lower L. pinnate, decussate.
Lts. pinnatifid. Segments lanceolate, serrate,
cuneato-decurreut ; wppermost sheaths leafless.
Bracts uncertain. p.5, 6. Cal. Sic.

4. pyrenzeum. Stem branched, striate.
L. shining, supradecompound. Lis. pinnatifid.
Segments remote, linear, short, rough on mar-
gin, mucronate. Involucre of a few decidu-
ous L. p. 6,7. Open. Pyr. Dau.

5. Seguieri. Stem branched, striate. L.
decompound. Its. pinnatifid. Divisions re-
mote, linear, somewhat falcate, acuminate.
Margin smooth. Involucre 0, or of 1-3 sim-
ple L. p.7, 8. Cale. mountains. Carrara.
Monte Generoso. Monte Baldo. Cors. Carn.
Istria. Friuli.

304. WALLROTHIA.

1. tenuifolia. Stem simple, smooth, nearly
naked. Lower L. decompound; upper trifid.
Involucre of 1-2, Involucels of 5-8 lineari-
lanceolate L. p. High rocks. Central Pyr.
rare.

305. MEUM.

1. athamanticum. L. supradecompound.
Divisions somewhat verticillate, capillaceo-se-
taceous. General bracts few or one. Involucel
of few L., about half surrounding partial um-
bel. p. 5,6. Mountain meadows.

2. Miutellina. L. 2-3-pinnate. Seg-
ments lineari-lanceolate, acute. Stem simple,
nearly naked. General bracts 0; partial of
many lineari-lanceolate L., half surrounding
the umbel. p. 7, 8. High meadows. m. Kur.

3. corsicum. “Stem sparingly branch-
ed. lL. bipimnate; outline triangular. Ls.
pinnatifid. Segments uniform, narrow, lan-
ceolato-linear, mucronate. Rays of umbel 6—
12, rough internally, contracted in fruit. Ribs
of fruit acute, rough on edges. Stripes 3 or 4.
Styles of fruit long, recurved. p.%, 8. Cor-
sica.”—BrERT.

4, pyrenaicum. “IL. pinnate. Lts. in-
ciso-pinnatifid.. Segments lanceolato-linear, de-
cussate. Stem simple, nearly naked. General
bracts 0; partial lanceolate. p. Very high.
e. Pyr.” rare.—DC.

5. caruifelium. L.bipinnate. Lts. mul-
tifid; lower remote. Segments linear, very
narrow, short. Involucre and involucels each
of about 5 L.; one or two of the first trifid.
Involucel sometimes of 3 L., and then going
only half round. Fr. oblong. p. 6-8. Abr.

6. rigidulum. Lower L. pinnate, decus-
sate. Lts. multipartite. Segments linear.
Upper L. pinnate and simple, long. Involucre
Qor of 1 L. Involucel of many L., somewhat
shorter than umbellule. Fr. ovoideo-oblong. p.
6, 7. Calc. mountains. Mountains of Carrara.

306. SILAUS.

l. pratensis. L. tripmnate. Its. deeply
pinnatifid ; their segments opposite, linear, mu-
cronate. p. 8,9. Meadows.

307. CNIDIUM.

1. Momnnieri. Stem branched, angular.
L. bipimnate. Lts. pinnatifid. Divisions lineari-
lanceolate, apiculate. Partial bracts setaceous,
rough with little bristles, equalling umbel. a.
7, 8. Thickets. s. Fr. Goritz, Carniola.

2. apioides. Stem branched, striate. L.
2-3-pimnate. Lts. pinnatifid. Divisions lineari-
lanceolate, mucronate. Partial bracts setaceous,
smooth, equalling rays. p. 7,8. Mountain

UMBELLATA. 151

rocks. e. Fr. Carniola. Fiume. It. Canton of

Tessin.

3. venosum, Stem nearly simple, striate.
L. pinnate. Lis. pinnatifid. Divisions linear,
rather acute, sometimes trifid. Sheaths long ;
the upper narrow. Partial bracts subuwlate,
smooth, equalling umbel. p. 7, 8. Moist
meadows. Saxony.

308. CORISTOSPERMUM.

1. cuneifolium. Crown of root covered
with the dead sheaths. Branches short; upper-
most sometimes verticillate. L. supradecom-

pound; outline of lower triangular. Partial
bracts membranous on margin. Tr. ovato-
oblong. Ribs somewhat winged. p. 8, 9.

309. GAYA.

1. simplex. General bracts 7-10, gene-
rally trifid. p.7,8. Very high. Alps.

2. pyrenaica. General bracts 1-5, undi-
vided. p. Veryhigh. Pyr. rare.

310. CONIOSELINUM.

1. Fischeri. L. bipinnate, pinnatifid. Seg-
ments oblongo-linear. Involucel of 5—7 lineari-
subulate bracts, as long as umbellule. b.
Grassy lilis. Riesengeb. in Silesia.

Tribe VI. ANGELICEZ.
311. SELINUM.

1. caruifolium. Stem furrowed. Rays
smooth. p. 7-9. Moist woods and meadows,

312. LEVISTICUM.

1. officinale. L. bipinnate. Lts. cuneate,
undivided or 3-lobed. p. 6-8. Mountains.
Pyr. Cev. Limburg. Verviers.

313. ANGELICA.

1. Razoulsii. L. 2—8-pinnate. Ls. lan-
ceolate, serrate, acute, rough underneath, de-
current at the base, sometimes bipartite. Acu-
men of petals incurved. p. Pyv.

2. montana. L. tripinnate. Lis. lanceo-
late or ovate, acuminate, quite smooth, mucro-
nato-serrate ; the uppermost decurrent. Acu-
men of Pet. nearly straight. b. 7,8. Jura.

Alps. Cevennes. Tis and the preceding seem
to be var. of A. sylvestris.

3. sylvestris. L. 2—3-pinnate. Lis. ellip-
tico-ovate, oblique, acute, serrate, not decur-
rent. Rays 20-40, nearly equal. p.b. 7, 8.
Moist woods, and by streams.

4. pyrenvzea. Root-L. subbipinnate, smooth.
Lts. pinnatipartite. Divisions lineari-lanceolate,
acute, entire or 3-cleft. Rays 4—7, very un-

equal, Stems simple, nearly naked. p. 7, 8.
High pastures. Pyr. Cey. Vosges.

5. scabra. L. tripinnate. Stalks and nerves
rough with glands. Rays 10-34 : the middle
ones very short. Stem short, leafy at the base.
p. Snowy. Cueillade de Nourri in e. Pyr.

314. ARCHANGELICA.

1. officinalis. L. bipimnate. Lts. some-
what cordate, acutely serrate ; the ultimate 3-
lobed. Sheaths Jax, sack-like. Partial bracts
equalling partial umbel. p. 8,9. Banks of
StVeEMMS. OCC.

315. OSTERICUM.

1. palustre. L. ternato-decompound. Seg-
ments cordate, unequally dentate. General bracts
few; partial numerous. yp. 7, 8. Marshy
meadows. Krfurt, Thuringia.

Tribe VI. PEUCEDANE.
316. TOMMASINIA.

l. verticillaris. L. tripimnate. Lts. ovate,
acutely serrate. Sheaths capacious. p. 7, 8.
Hills. Pdm. Vall. Gri. Tess. Sty. Goritz. Boh.
Tuscany.

317. FERULA.

1. communis. L. supradecompound, green.
Segments lineari-setaceous, flaccid. Central
umbel nearly sessile; lateral stalked, barren.
Sheaths of the upper L. very large. p. 4, 5.
Open hills. Coasts of Mdt.

2. neapolitana. L. supradecompound,
glaucous beneath. Lis. 3-5-partite. Segments
lineari-lanceolate. Central umbel nearly ses-
sile ; lateral stalked, barren. Fr. oblong, nar-
row. p. Hills. Rome. Naples.

8. glauca. L. supradecompound, shining
above, glaucous beneath. Segments broadly
linear, somewhat trifid. Central umbel stalk-
ed; lateral barren, on longer stalks. Stalks

152 317. FERULA.

of the uppermost L. dilated. (Inner face of
seed downy, BERT.) p. Open. Mireval near
Montp. Prov. Capri.

318. FERULAGO.

1. galbanifera. Stem furrowed. L. su-
pradecompound, decussate ; outline ovate. Lts.
pinnatifid, divaricate. Segments lear, cuspi-
date. General bracts many, oblongo-lanceolate,
reflexed. p. 7, 8. Open hills. Coasts of Mdt.

2. geniculata. Stem finely striate, swell-
ing at jomings, branched, nearly naked at top.
L. supradecompound. Ls. decussate. Seg-
ments linear, flat, acute, mgid. Bracts many,
ovato-lanceolate, short. Fr. elliptico-oblong.
p. 6. Dry calc. hills. Sic. K. Nap.

3. Barrelieri. “ L. tripinnate ; outline ob-
long. Lis. rigid, trifid. Segments lineari-
setaceous, very short, mucronulate, rough on
margin. Upper branches whorled. Bracts
coriaceous. Fr. oblong. Ridges obtuse. p. 7.
Vultur. Apulia.” —BErt.

319. PEUCEDANUM.

A. Involucre 0 or of 1-8 deciduous L.
Margin of Fruit narrow.

i. L. ternate.

1. paniculatum. “Stem forming at top
amuch branched panicle. L. ternato-suprade-
compound. Its. canaliculato-fiiform, with a
very narrow cartilaginous margin. Umbel di-
varicate. Fr. oblong, exquisitely striped. p. 7.
Nouza in Cors.”—Berr. “ Certainly different
from P. officinale,’ BERT. ; but no distinction
2s given, except that the fruit rs larger.

2. officinale. Stem branched, striate. L.
five times ternate. Lts. narrow, linear attenu-
ate at each end. General bracts 3. Flowers
yellow. Stalks 2-8 times as long as fruit. p.
7,8. Meadows. oce.

2. parisiense. L. 3—4 times ternate. Lts.
27-46, lineari-lanceolate ; the terminal ternate,
the others undivided. FY. white. Fr. about
as long as stalk. p.7, 8. Fr. Trieste ?

4. Petteri. LL. twice ternate. Pinne of
lower L. sometimes of 5 Lts. Lts. 9-18, co-
riaceous, lanceolato-linear, acuminate, quite
entire. FV. white. Stem erect. Umbel short.
p. 8,9. Boggy meadows. Trieste—BERT.

ii. L. pinnate.
5. Schottii. Stem striate. Z. dull. Lis.
sessile, many-cleft. Segments linear, acumi-

nate; the lower decussate. Rays of umbel
smooth. Furrows of fruit with one stripe. p.
7, 8. Warmrocks. Isonzothal, Carniola.

B. Involucre of many permanent L.
i. Margin of Fruit narrow. L. tripinnate.

6. Cervaria. Lis. ovate, somewhat spinu-
loso-serrate ; lower with an external lobe at
the base. Branches of L.-stalk spreading.
Stripes of interior face of fruit parallel. p. 7, 8.
m. and s. Hur.

7. Oreoselinum. L. shining. Stalks of
divisions refract. Lts. remote, ovate, inciso-
pinnatifid. Teeth mucronate. General bracts
reflexed. Stripes of interior face of fruit bowed.
p. 8,9. Open hills. m. Eur.

8. alsaticum. Stem furrowed, somewhat
panicled. Lts. ovate, pinnatifid. Segments line-
ari-lanceolate, rough on margin. General bracts
spreading. Rays of umbel smooth. Styles
of fruit reflexed, hardly exceeding stylopode.
p. 7,8. Dry stony hills. Als. Prov. Ger.

9. venetum. Stems furrowed, somewhat
panicled. Lts. ovate, pinnatifid. Segments
lineari-lanceolate, rough on margin. General
bracts spreading. Rays of wmbel rough on
inner side. Styles reflexed, about half as long
as fruit. p. 7,8. Dry rocky hills. s. side
of Alps from Sw. to Fiume. Genoa. Bologna.

10. palustre. Stem furrowed. Pinne pin-
natifid, incise. Segments linear, acuminate.
Bracts linear, sometimes divided. Bracteoles

free. Stripes of internal face of the fruit co-
vered! Ditches and marshy meadows. Fr.
Sw. G. Lomb.

ii. Margin of Fruit broad, somewhat transpa-
- rent. L. ternato-tripinnate, many-cleft.

ll. austriacum. Stem furrowed, some-
what branched. Lis. ovate, cuneate at base.
Segments lineari-lanceolate, acuminate. Mar-
gin smooth. Teeth coarse, blunt, mucronate.
p. 7,8. Stony thickets. Vosges. Sw. Car-
niola. Carinthia. Boh. Fr., according to Bert.,
exactly elliptic. Koch says it varies from
subrotund to oblong-oval.

12. suleatum. “Stem furrowed, angular,
full, with a few alternate branches. L. tripin-
nate. Its. cuneate, pinnatifido-incise. Seg-
ments narrow, acute, mucronulate. Umbels
large. Fruit elliptico-oblong. p. 6-8. Abr.
Vallombrosa. Dzffers from austriacum by the
much larger umbel, and by the lengthened
shape of the Fruit.” —BzERvT.

UMBELLATA. 153

13. involuecratum. “Stem furrowed,
branched. Segments of L. linear, cuspidate,
rough on the margin. General bracts incise ;
partial lanceolate, with a white membranous
margin. Umbels somewhat proliferous. Rays
rough on inner side. p. Mountains. Fenes-
trelle in Pdm.”—DC.

14. rablense. Stem furrowed, somewhat
branched. Segments of L. narrow linear, acu-
minate. Margin smooth. Bracts lineari-subu-
late, quite entire. Rays of wnbel rough on
inner side. p.7, 8. Lochky. Valley of Raibel
in Carinthia. On the Wochein in Carniola.
Monte Bormio and Monte Generoso in the Alps.

320. HERACLEUM.

A. Internal face of Seed with two distinct
stripes.

1. longifolium. “I. rough, pinnate or
pinnatifid. Divisions lobed or palmato-partite.
Lobes long, inciso-crenate. Bracts lineari-se-
taceous. Fr. cuneiform, hairless even when
young. Fl. slightly radiant, white. p. Mown-
tain meadows. Austria.’—DC. Not admitted
by Koch.

2. sibiricum. “LL. scabro-hirsute, pimnate
or pinnatipartite. Divisions lobed or palmato-
partite, serrate. Germen nearly smooth. Fr.
broadly oval, emarginate. Fl. nearly all simi-
lar, yellowish. b. 6-9. Alps and Sudetes.’’
—Kocu.

3. cordatum. “L. quinato-pimnate and
ternate, hairy. Lts. broad ovate, palmate, acu-
minate, dentate. Germen villous. Ripe Fr.
hairless. Fl. slightly radiant, greenish white.
Pet. externally villous at base. p. 6,7. Ne-
brodes and Busambra in Sic.”—BeEr?.

4. Sphondylium. “ L. scabro-hirsute, pin-
nate or pinnatipartite. Divisions lobed or pal-
mato-partite. Germen downy. Ripe Fr. hair-
less, oval, emarginate. Fl. radiant, whzte or
pinkish, sometimes greenish. b. 6-9. Mea-
dows and moist woods.’—\KocHk.

5. elegams. “ L. quinato-pinnate and ter-
nate, rough. ts. pinnatifid. Segments lan-
ceolate, acuminate, remotely serrate and incise.
Germen villous. Fl. very radiant, white. p.
7, 8. Mont Cenis.’—Brrr. Var. of Sphon-
dylium, according to Koch.

6. Panacis. “ L. ternate, downy and white
beneath. Lts. subrotundo-ovate, palmate, closely
serrate and incise. Fr. always smooth. Vittee
descending below middle of furrows. Fl. very
radiant, white. p. 6-8. Mountains. It.”—

Berr. Koch says the talian plant is his
II. asperum, but the descriptions do not agree.

7. asperum. “ L. simple, somewhat pal-
mate. ‘Segments acuminate or cuspidate, un-
equally dentato-serrate. Stem-L. sometimes
ternate. Germen rough. Ripe Fr. oval, emar-
ginate, hairless. Fl. radiant, white. b. 7, 8.
Subalpine woods by the side of torrents, Sura.
e. Alps.”—Kocu.

8. pyremaicum. “L. very broad, hoary
beneath, palmate. L. lanceolate, dentate or
ternate. Bracts few. Germen covered with
long -hairs. Ripe Fr. nearly round, hairless.
p. 6,7. Rocky meadows. Pyr. Tyrol. It.
Alps.’—DC. (Fl. very radiant, Bert.) No
iw G., Kocu. Not in Italy, Brrr.

9. pollinianum. ‘“‘ Stem hairy. L. sim-
ple, cordato-subrotund, palmate, hairless above,
pubescent beneath. Lobes broad ovate, sharply
dentate. Germen covered with short hairs.
Fr. hairless. Stripes of the external furrows
reaching about two-thirds, of the internal face
half down the fruit. Fl. slightly radiant,
white. p. 7, 8. Tamburra. Monte Baldo.”
—Benrt.

10. Grsini. “Stem muricate. L. simple,
acutely palmate, crenate or slightly dentate,
hairy on veins beneath. All the stripes of the
Fr. about half its length. FI. slightly radiant,
yellowish. p. 7,8. Abruzzi.’—BERt.

B. Inner face of Seed without distinct stripes,
or only very short ones.

“11. alpinum. L. simple, cordato-subro-
tund, palmate. Lobes blunt or with acumen,
erenate or somewhat incise. Partial bracts se-
taceous. Fr. roundish obovate. p. 7, 8. Pyr.
w. Alps. Jura.

12. austriacum. lL. pinnate. Lts. ses-
sile: those of root-L. ovate, obtuse ; of stem-
L. lanceolate, acuminate, somewhat lobed at
the base; terminal trifid. Fr. oval, smooth.
Germen downy. p. 7,8. e. Alps.

13. minimum. L. bipimnate, nearly all
from root. Lts. lineari-lanceolate, somewhat
incise. Partial bracts 0. p. Alps of Dan.
Mont Ventous. very rare.

321. PASTINACA.

1. Gpoponax. Lower L. bipinnate. Lts.
ovate or oblong, serrulate or crenate. Stalks
strigose. About 6 stripes on inner face of seed.
p. 6. Open. s. Fr. It. Sie. occ:

154

2. sativa. Stem furrowed. IL. pinnate.
Its. -ovato-oblong, obtuse, crenato-dentate,
incise at base; the ultimate 3-lobed. Inner
face of seed with 2 stripes. b.7. Meadows.

B. opaca. Its. much larger ; these and

the stalks velvety. This zs also the P.
latifolia of DC., and the P. Kochi B
of Duby.

3. divaricata. Downy. Stem terete. L.
pinnate. Ls. of the root-L. 9-11; of the
stem-L. 38-5, ovate; undivided, except the ter-
minal, which is somewhat 3-lobed. Teeth
mucronulate. Fr. circular. Stripes on inner
face usually 4. p. 7. Bastia, Calvi and Cape
Corso in Corsica.

822. ANETHUM.

1. segetum. [F'r. ellipsoid, almost desti-
tute of the membranous margin (no margin,
Guss.). a. 5, 6. Clayey cult. Toulon. Sard.
Sic. Cal.

2. graveolens. ['r. elliptic, with a broad
flat margin, a.7, 8. Escapes. s. Fr. Oneglia.
Istria.

3823. IMPERATORIA.

1. Ostruthium. L. biternate. Lts. ovate,
entire or 3-lobed, doubly serrate; side ones
unequal at base. Edge rough. Sheaths large.
p. 7, 8. Moist, shady, mountain meadows.

2. angustifolia. L. biternate. Ls. ob-
long, attenuate. Divisions inciso-serrate. p. 7.
Mountams of Tende in Pdm. g

324. PALIMBIA.

1. Chabrzei. Stem branched, leafy. L.
pinnate. Lis. decussate, 3—5-partite. Seg-
ments linear, acute. Rays unequal. General
bracts 0; partial 3-4, lmeari-subulate. p. 8.
Woods and thickets. e. Fr. Jura. G.n. It. Sic.

325. TORDYLIUM,
A. Vitte solitary.

1. maximum. Stem retrorsely hispid.
L. pinnate. Lis. lanceolate, crenate. Upper
divisions of the upper L. elongated. Bracts
linear, shorter than umbel. Fr. setoso-hispid.
a.6,7. Melds. m. ands. Hur,

B. Witte 4-10.

2. officinale. Hirsute. L. pinnate. Lts.
cordato-oyate, lobato-crenate ; uppermost va-

'

321. PASTINACA.

riously divided into almost linear lobes. Bracts
lineari-setaceous : partial equalling umbel. ~
a. b. 6,7. Melds. ¥v. Italy.

“Terminal Lt. of lower L. cordate, of upper
lanceolate. Furrows with a single stripe.’—
Bert.

3. apulum. Stem branched, leafy, villous
at the base. L. pinnate. Its. sessile, inciso-
crenate : those of the upper L. pinnatifid,
linear, acute. Bracts setaceous, short. Fr.
tubercled and finely striate. a. 4-6. Fields.
Istr. s. Italy.

Tribe VIII. SIZERINEA
396. SILER.
1. trilobum. L. bi-tri-ternate. Lis.

roundish, 3-lobed. p. 7, 8. Mountains. Pyr.
Proy. Hanover. Aus.

327. KRUBERA.

1. dichotoma.
Segments linear, somewhat incise.
Fields. Sic. Sard.

L. tripinnate, pinnatifia.
a. 5.

Tribe IX. THAPSIEZ.
828. THAPSIA.

1. garganica. L. 2—-3-pinnate, shining.
Segments linear, acute, quite entire, decurrent
or confluent. Bracts few. Fr. cordate at
base. p.6. Open hills. Calab. Sic.

2. villosa. L. bipinnate, villous. Lts.
oblong, sinuato-pimnatifid; the lowermost de-
flexed. p.6. Hills and thickets. s. Fv.

3. foetida. LL. tripinnate. Lts. spreading,
attenuate at base, pinnatifid. Segments short,
lanceolate, dentate. Bracts 0. p. Moun-
tain thickets. Val Vaccaria and Val Novesa
in Monte Baldo. Not noticed by Bert.

329. LASHRPITIUM.

a. Its. ovate, cordate, or subrotund.

1. Archangelica. Stem striped, stri-
gose. LL. ternato-tripinnate. its. ovate, un-
equally serrate; terminal trifid, on a conical
base. Upper sheaths inflated. Involuere reflexed,
of many L., 1 or 2 of which are usually trifid.
p. 8,9. Hallstadt. Carniola. Sudetes.

UMBELLATZ.

2. latifolium. Stem slightly striped,
hairless. L. ternato-bipinnate. Lts. cordate,
serrate, undivided, or the terminal 3-lobed.
Inyolucre reflexed, of many entire L. Rays
somewhat rough. p. 7, 8. Hill thickets.
s.and m. Hur.

B. asperumn.
hirsute.

L.-stalk and under side of L.

3. marginatum. Stem striate, smooth.
L. ternato-bipinnate or twice ternate. Lts.
ovate or cordate, unequal, crenato-serrate, en-
tire or 2-8-cleft. Bracts sometimes wanting.
Rays rough inside. 27. yellow with purple
border; primary ridges of Fr. hispid! p. 7, 8.
Mountain thickets. On the Krimm at Lay-
bach. Monte Maggiore, Istr.

4. Gaudinii. Stem striped, smooth. L.
ternato-bipinnate or twice ternate. its. cor-
date, unequal, crevato-serrate, entire or 2—3-
cleft. Bracts sometimes wanting. Rays smooth.
Pet. subrotundo-obcordate, yellow with a pur-
ple border! yp. 8,9. Hinter Rhein. s. Ty-
rol.’ Monte Generoso. n. e. Alps of It.

5. alpinum. “ Stem terete, striped,
smooth. L. ternato-bipinnate or twice ternate.
Lts. ovate, unequal, serrate, entire or 2-3-cleft.
Umbel fastigiate. Rays smooth. Pet. broadly
obcordate, with a short claw, white. wp. 7, 8.
Woods and thickets. Lower Carniola. ””—
Kocu. Seems to differ from L. Gaudin only
zn colour of flowers.

6. garganicum. “Glaucous, smooth. L.
coriaceous: lower tripinnate; Its. broad
ovate ; lateral obliquely cordate : upper bipin-
nate or ternate; Lts. subrotund. Bracts
ovato-lanceolate, acuminate, with broad mem-
branous margin. Fr. oblong, narrowed at each
end. p.5. Coppa di Mezzo in Gargano.”
—BeErr.

7. siculum, “Glaucous. L. somewhat tri-
pimnate. Lts. subrotundo-ovate, mucronate,
entire and trifid. Bracts lanceolate, acumi-
nate, with broad membranous margin. Styles
recurved, equal to stylopode. p. 6. Cale. hills.”
Madonie—Berr. This and the preceding are
compared by Bert. to L. Siler, and, like it, have
a rough or finely serrulate, cartilaginous mar-
gin to L.

B. Lts. or Segments lanceolate or elliptic.

8. Siler. L. smooth, tripinmnate. Lts.
lanceolate or elliptic, entire, but with a rough
or finely serrulate, cartilaginous margin; the
terminal frequently confluent. Primary veins
oblique. Bracts lineari-lanceolate, with mem-

155

branous margin. Rays 20-80, rough inside. p.
7, 8. Mountain thickets. Alps. Apenn. In
my specimens the L. are ternate, tripinnate,
or twice ternate, bipinnate.

9. peucedanoides. L. ternato-2—3-pin-
nate, quite smooth. Lts. lineari-lanceolate
or linear, undivided. Primary veins parallel to
margin. Bracts setaceous. Rays 5-10. p.
6,7. Mountain woods. e. Alps.

10. prutenicum. Stcm furrowed, hispid

at base. LL. bipinnate. Lts. pinnatifid. Seg.
ments lanceolate, rough on margin. Bracts
lanceolate, with membranous margin. Rays

rough inside.
p. 7, 8. Moist shade.

©. Lts. linear or oblong.

11. nitidum. Stem furrowed, hirsute.
L. bipinnate. Nerves underneath, Stalks, and
Stem setoso-pilose. Sheaths smooth. Lts.
oblong, pinnatifid, acutely serrate, hispid be-
neath. Bracts lanceolate, trifid and imcise at
top. Margin membranous. b. p. 7, 8. Moun-
tain rocks. s. Tyr. Valtel. Brescia. Lecco.

Primary ridges of Fr. hispid!
n. e. Fr. G. n. It.

12. hirsutum. Stem striped, smooth. L.
hairy, supradecompound. Lts. pinnatifido-
multifid. Segments linear. Margin entire.
Bracts with a membranous, ciliate margin. «p.
7, 8, High valleys. s. Alps.

13. ecynapiifolium. “Smooth. Stem
striped, hollow. L. supradecompound. — Lis.
pinnatifid, Segments linear, mucronate.
Sheaths broad. Bracts with a membranous,
finely ciliolate margin. Fr. ovate. p. 6, 7.
Vezzarone, Cors.”—BErtT.

D. Lts. cuneate.

14. gallicum. Stem striped, solid. Branches
spreading. L.tripinnate. Lts. cuneiform, pin-
natifid. Divisions somewhat lobed, each lobe
ending in 3-5 teeth. Bracts reflexed. Fr.
truncate at each end. p. 7, 8. Dau. Prov.
marit. Alps. Apenn.

Tribe X. DAUCINEZ.
330. DAUCUS.

I copy this genus from Bertoloni, who
seems to have all the species which occur
within my hmits: at the same time I must
confess my utter inability to identify his plants,
or to form any arrangement by which such an
endeavoww may be facilitated: such as it is,
however, it is the best account of the European

x 2

156 330. DAUCUS.

species which exists. In all the specimens
which I possess, the lower L. are bipimnate,
and the Lts.pinnatifid and laciniate.

1. Garota. Lis. of lower L. inciso-dentate.
Divisions of upper L. narrow linear. General
bracts pinnatifid; partial linear, entire and
trifid. Fr. ovoid. Prickles (separate, BB.) hardly
equalling the diameter of the fruit, terminating
in a simple (rarely forked), somewhat hooked
awn. Pet. white or pink, radiant. '. 7-9.
Pastures.

2. setulosus. Lower L. bipinnate. Seg-
ments of Lts. short and narrow, somewhat
bristly. General bracts pinnatifid; partial
simple: both lineari-setaceous, ciliato-spinulose.
Fr. oblong. Wings of the Ridges hardly sen-
sible. Prickles as long as or longer than dia-
meter of fruit, terminating in a minute star.
b. 6,7. Ischia. Puteoli. Calabria.

3. parviflorus. Stem tubercled, some-
what hirsute. Lower L. remotely bipimnate.
Lts. cuneato-oblong, pimnatifid at base, inciso-
dentate at top; upper pinnate, somewhat fal-
cate. Bracts pinnatifid. Segments lnear, acu-
minate, entire or trifid. Fr. oblongo-cylin-
drical, covered with short hairs. Prickles short,
separate, peltato-glochidiate. Fl. small, all
alike. b. 6,7. elds. Sarzana. Brittany ?

4. gibbosus. Stem hispid and scaber.
Lower L. bipimate. Lts. pinnatifid. Segments
lanceolate, entire and incise. Receptacle of
Umbel hemispherical. General bracts pinna-
tifid : segments linear, shorter than umbel. Par-
tial bracts simple, with an external callus at the
base. Rays connivent when in fruit. Fr. ob-
long. Prickles subulate, separate, hardly thick-
ened at base, glochidiate, twice as long as width
of fruit. Pet. small, whzte. b. 5, 6. Island of
Volcano.

5. foliosus. Stem hirsute at base, rough
above. Lowest L. somewhat tripinnate ; others
bipinnate: Ls. of all cuneato-ovate, acute,
inciso-dentate. General bracts bipinnatifid,
equalling wmbel; partial linear, entire or
trifid, hispid, ciliate, exceeding umbellule. Fr.
ovoid. Prickles subulate, separate, hardly
thickened at base, glochidiate, as long as width
of fruit. Fl. white or pink. b. 5, 6. Molian
Islands.

6. Bocconi. Root-L. bipinnate, shining
above, hirsute beneath and on the stalks. Lts.
cuneato-ovate, obtuse, laciniato-dentate, with
short and broad segments. General bracts
undivided or trifid, linear, much shorter than

umbel; partial linear, acuminate, entire or
trifid. Fr. ovoid. Prickles dilated at base,
minutely glochidiate, about as long as width of
fruit. Fl. white or pink. b. 6,7. Shore.
Mondello in Sic.

7. maximus. Stem and L.-stallks hirsute.

Lower L. tripinnate. Its. ovate, acute, im-
ciso-dentate. Umbel large and of many rays,
on a dilated receptacle. General bracts nume-
rous, pinnatifid, Segments linear. Outer par-
tial bracts trifid or pinnatifid, much exceeding _
wnbellule. Fr. ovoid, hairy. Prickles subu-
late, separate, glochidiate, much shorter than
width of fruit. Fl. white, very radiant. b.
4,5. Sard. This is probably the origin of
the cultiwated Carrot.

8. hispidus. Stem covered in lower part
with deflexed strige. Lower L. tripinnate.
Lts. cuneato-oyate, obtuse, inciso-dentate.
General bracts pinnatifid, segments short ;
partial lanceolato-linear, acuminate, entire or
trifid. Fr. ellipsoid. Prickles separate, glo-
chidiate, somewhat longer than width of fruit.
b. 7, 8. Rocky shores. Cuma. Dieppe and
Tréport : perhaps not the same, but the French
plant appears to be the D.mavitimus of With-
ering, and of our chalky coasts.

9. Gingidium. Hairless. Stem erect:
Lower L, bipinnate. Its. somewhat fleshy,
shining, cuneato-ovate, inciso-dentate. Gene-
ral bracts pinnatifid, segments lmear; par-
tial lanceolate, with wide membranous margin,
ciliate, entire or trifid, as long as umbellule.
Fr. ovoid. Prickles subulate, separate, some-
what incurved, naked, simple at the top,

shorter than width of fruit. b. 6-9. Shores
of Italy.
B. All Lts. pinnatifido-dentate, with narrow
segments.

y. Stem and L.-stalk hispid. L. sometimes
hairy on both sides. D. maritimus of
Swnith ; D. gummifer of Savi and Gussone.

5. Stem decumbent, rough. Segments of L.
short, lanceolate, mucronulate. D. mariti-
mus of DC. and of Gussone (not of With-
ering).

Bertoloni inserts the term hairless (glaber)
in the specific character, and at the end of the
detailed description adds, “‘tota planta glaber-
rima;” yet he intends it to include D. mariti-
mus of Smith, which in my specimens is always
rough with hairs. ‘The upper face of the
L. is hairless, or nearly so, through all the
genus. Bertoloni says the prickles are distinct,

UMBELLATA. 157

and Babington seems to consider them so in
Smith’s plant; but in my Cornish specimens
they are evidently united at the base. ‘This
character varies even on the same individual ;
and it is to be observed that those on the
lateral ridges are more united than those on
the dorsal, and those at the top of the fruit
than those near its base. This and D. Carota
are, according to Bertoloni, the only species of
which the prickles are not elochidiate; yet
even in these they end abruptly, and it is ditfi-
cult, at least in dried specimens, to say how
many little points proceed from these abrupt
terminations. De Candolle expressly assigns to
D. Gingidium prickles with glochidiate heads.

10, siculus. Main Stem short. Branches
long, divaricate. Lower L. somewhat tripin-
nate. Lts. fleshy, ovate, inciso-dentate. Gene-
ral bracts trifid ; partial lanceolate, entire or
trifid. Fr. ovoid. Prickles dilated at base
and somewhat confluent, glochidiate, somewhat
exceeding the width of the fruit. Pet. small,
white or reddish. b. 4-6. Stony shores.
Trapani. Sard.

ll. dentatus. Stem hirsute at the base ;
upper part very rough. Lower L. tripinnate.
Lts. ovate, acute, inciso-dentate. Receptacle
of Uinbel large, convex. General bracts pin-
natifid, segments linear; partial lanceolate,
entire or trifid. Fr. oblong. Prickles dilated
at base, much shorter than width of fruit; the
little points at the top deciduous. Pet. small,
white. b.6, 7. Rocks of sca-shore. Sard.

12. mauritanicus. Stem hirsute. Lower
L. tripinnate, triangular, acuminate; the first
pinnee spreading at right angles. its. lanceo-
late, acute, inciso-dentate, Receptacle of Um-
bel large, convex. General bracts pinnatifid,
segments linear; partial lanceolate, entire or
trifid. Fr. ellipsoid, small. Prickles subulate,
separate, somewhat dilated at base, and with
1-8 hooked points at the top, hardly equal to
width of fruit. b. 4, 5. Miseno, Lipari
Islands. Capri. Between hispidus and Gin-
gidiun.

13. gumamifer. Stem very hirsute, swell-
ing at the joinings. Lower L. broad, trian-
gular, acute, tripinnate. Lts. ovate, pinnati-
fido-dentate, shining above. General bracts
bipimnatifid, exceeding wmbel, segments ova-
to-lanceolate, mucronate; partial ovate, en-
tire or 38—5-cleft, with a broad membranous
margin, densely ciliate. “Ir. ovate. Prickles
rigid, comb-like, with entire, acute termina-
tions.” —DC., under name of hispanicus. b.
5, 6. Marit. rocks. Wa Cava, Genoa.

14. australis. Stem erect, rough. Lower
L. tripinnate ; outline ovate. Lts. lanceolate,
acute, narrowly pinnatifido-dentate, hairy be-
neath and on the stalks. Receptacle of Umbel
large, convex. General bracts shorter than
umbel, trifid or pinnatifid, segments linear ;
partial linear, somewhat exceeding wnhbel, en-
tire or trifid. Fr, ellipsoid. Prickles subulate,
confluent, about half as long as width of fruit ;
terminal points deciduous. b. 4,5. Agades.

15. Broteri. Stem erect, rough above.
Branches divaricate. Lower L. bipinnate. Lts.
pinnatifid, short, with linear or Janceolate seg-
ments, sometimes incise. General bracts pin-
natifid. Segments and partial bracts setaceous.
Fr. elliptico-oblong, with thick, whitish ridges.
Prickles somewhat dilated at base, glochidiate,
nearly twice the width of fruit. b. 7, 8. Rome,
common. K. Nap.

16. muricatus. Erect, hispid. UL. uni-
form, somewhat tripinnate. Lis. flabellato-
multipartite. Segments short, very narrow,
linear, somewhat strigose. General bracts pin-
natifid or trifid. Segments and partial bracts
setaceous ; latter equalling wmbellule. Fr. el-
lipsoid, si/very, sometimes brown or purplish,
compressed on the back. Ridges winged, bear-
ing the confluent, subulate, glochidiate prickles,
as long as the width of fruit. Pet. radiating.
a. 5,6. Melds. Sic. Sar.

17. aureus. Stem erect, dichotomous,
somewhat hispid. L. uniform, bipimnate. Lts.
distinct, finely pinnatifid, somewhat strigose.
General bracts pinnatifid, reflexed, somewhat
shorter than umbel. Segments and partial
bracts setaceous; the latter entire and trifid.
Fr. oblong, golden, with very narrow wings.
Prickles subulate, twice or three times as long
as width of fruit, glochidiate. a. 4, 5. Flelds.
Termini.

It appears from these descriptions that in
parviflorus, maximus, dentatus, and australis,
the length of the prickles falls far short of
the width of the full-grown fruit. In Carota,
setulosus, foliosus, Bocconi, hispidus, Gingi-
dium? siculus, mauritanicus, gummifer? and
muricatus, they are about equal. In gidbosus,
Brotert, and aureus, the prickles are at least
twice as long as width of fruit.

831. ORLAYA.

1. grandiflora. Erect, dichotomous. L.
bipimate. Lts. pinnatifid, incise, or bipimna-
tifid. Bracts 3-5, seariose on the margin.
Radiant Pet. 3 or 4 times as long as germen.

158 331. ORLAYA.

Prickles simple, curved at the top.
Fields. m. and s, Hur.

2. platycarpa. Erect. Branches divari-
cate, hispid. L. bipinnate. Lts. pinnatifid, in-
cise, or bipinnatifid. Bracts 3, scariose on the
margin. Radiant Pet. hardly longer than ger-
men. Prickles simple, hooked. a. 4-6. Fields.
s. Fr. Nice.

3. maritima. Diffuse, villous. LL. bipin-
nate. ts. pinnatifid, trifid. Bracts linear,
not scariose. Fl. hardly radiant. Prickles of
Fr. glochidiate. a. 5. Sandy shores of Mdt. ;
not of Adr.

a. 6, 7.

Tribe XI. CAUCALINEZ.
382. CAUCALIS.

1. daucoides. Prickles of Fr. in a single
series, conical at base, hooked, as long as width
of fruit. L. bipinnate, pinnatifid. a. 5-7.
Corn. m. ands. Eur.

2. muricata. Prickles of Fr. in a single
series; cylindrical at base, terminating in a
bent cusp, much shorter than width of fruit.
L. bipinnate, pinnatifid. a. 6, 7. Corn. Neu-
dorf near Vienna.

3. leptophylla. Prickles of Fr. in a triple
series, rough, glochidiate. Rays 2 or 3. L.
bipinnate, pinnatifid. a. 6,7. Corn. Fr. G.
n. w. It. rare.

4. latifolia. Prickles of Fr. in a double or
triple series, rough, glochidiate. Rays 2-3.
L. pinnate: upper pairs confluent on a cuneate
base. a, 7,8. Corn. m. ands. Eur.

333. TORILIS.

1. Anthriscus. Umbels on long stalks.
General bracts 4 or 5, lineari-subulate. Rays
5-7. Prickles of Fr. not glochidiate. LL. bi-
pinnate. ts. inciso-serrate. a. 6, 7. Hedges
and thickets.

2. neglecta. Umbels on long stalks. Ge-
neral bracts 0, or of 1 L. Rays 7-10. Radiant
Pet. twice germen. Styles much longer than
stylopode. Prickles of Fr. glochidiate. Branches
spreading. LL. bipimate. Lts. inciso-serrate.
a. 7,8. Fields and borders of woods. lower
Austria. Var. of T. infesta, according to Bert.

3. infesta. Umbels on long stalks. Gene-
ral bracts 1 or 0, Rays 5-7. Pet. not longer
than germen. Styles not twice stylopode.

Prickles of Fr. glochidiate. Stem much branched
from base, Branches divaricate. L. bipinnate,
inciso-serrate, terminal Lts. often much length-
ened. a.b. 7. LMelds.

4, heterophylla. Umbels on long stalks.
General bracts 1 or 0. Rays 2-3. Pet. not
more than half as long as germen. Prickles
of Fr. glochidiate. Branches of stem some-
what spreading. Lower L. bipinnate ; upper
ternate. Upper Lts. very narrow, and gene-
rally much lengthened. a. 4, 5. elds.
Trieste. Istria, It. 8. Fr. Perhaps a var. of
T. infesta.

Tribe XII. HLHOSELINEZ.
334. ELANOSELINUM.

1. asclepium. L. tripinnate. Its. digi-
tato-multifid. Segments decussate, setaceous,
very short. General and partial bracts 0, or
very few and short. Wings of Fr. 4, with
rarely 4 very narrow additional ones. p. 6, 7.
Capri. Cal. Sic. I put this with Hleoselinum,
on the authority of Bert. DC. makes it a
Thapsia.

2. meoides. Root-L. erect. Stalks stri-
gose. Segments of L. only half as long as
in the preceding species. Umbels with general
and partial bracts. Wings of Fr. 8. p. 9, 10.
Sard. Sic.

Tribe XIII. SCANDICINE.
335. SCANDIX.

1. Pecten-Veneris. Beak compressed
dorsally, with two lines of bristles 3 or 4 times
as long as fruit. Partial bracts incise. a. 6-9.
fields.

2, brachycarpa. Beak compressed dor-
sally, hispid on the sutures, about as long as
fruit. Partial bracts entire. a.5,6. Open
hills. Madonie. Lucania.

3. australis. Beak compressed laterally ;
everywhere hispid, about one and a half times
as long as the fruit. Partial bracts ovate, acute,
with about two teeth. a. 5, 6. Barren fields.
8. Fr. isl. of Osero. Sic. Sard.

336. ANTHRISCUS.

“ 1. sylvestris. Fr. ovato-lanceolate, smooth
or with a few hairless tubercles. Ribbed beak
not one-sixth of length of seed. Style longer

UMBELLATA. 159

than stylopode. Stem hirsute at base ; upper
part hairless. L. bi-tripmnate, pinnatifid. Par-
tial bracts 5, with long cil. p. 5,7. Mea-
dows and hedges. :
B. alpestris, Wimm. L. bipinnate. Lts. less
divided.
y. alpinus, Vitu. LL. bipinnate.
into distant linear segments,

Lts. cut

2. torquata. Fr. shining, surrounded at
base with a row of small cilie. Stem smooth,
somewhat striped. L. bipinnate. Lts. lan-
ceolato-ovate, somewhat inciso-dentate. Rays
smooth. Partial bracts deflexed, lanceolate,
acuminate, ciliate. Pet. radiant. p. Prov.
Pdm.—Dusy, Far. of sylvestris? Not no-
ticed by Bert.

3. sicula. Fr. cylindrico-lanceolate, scat-
tered over with a few spinescent tubercles.
Ribbed beak not one-sixth of length of seed.
Styles divergent. (Hr. smooth, surrounded at
base with a row of small cilie, DC.) Stem
furrowed, hairless. L. tripinnate. Lts. ovato-
oblong, uniform, pinnatifido-incise. Partial
bracts 5, ovate, ciliate, reflexed. p. 4, 5.
Shade. Lucania. Cal. Sic.—Brrr.

4, nemorosa. Fr. oblong. Tubercles sur-
mounted with a small bristle. Ribbed beak
not one-sixth of length of seed. Style longer
than stylopode. Stem hirsute below; upper
part hairless. L. bipinnate, pinnatifid. Lower
segments incise. Partial bracts 5, with long
ciie. p.5,6. Shade. Frankf. on Oder.—
Kocu. 3

5. fumarioides. Fr. lineari-oblong. Tu-

bercles surmounted with a bristle. Ribbed
beak not one-sixth of length of fruit. Stem
and L. covered with short silky hairs. L. bi-

tripinnate, pinnatifid, and incise. p. 5, 6.
Fills. On the Nanas and Planina in Carniola,
and on Monte Maggiore in Istria.—Kocu.

6. trichosperma. ['r. linear, setuloso-
muricate. Ribbed beak as long as one-third

of seed. Style longer than stylopode. Stem
hairy at joinings. IL. tripinnate, pinnatifid.
Partial bracts 2-4. a.5. Hedges. Boh.—

Kocnu. A. longirostris of Bert. seems to be
the same plant. Sard.

7. Gerefolium. Fr. lineari-lanceolate, quite
smooth. Ribbed beak as long as one-third of
seed. Style longer than stylopode. Stem hairy
at joiings. lL. tripinnate, pinnatifid. Um-
bels generally nearly sessile. Partial bracts
half round, 2 or 8, reflexed. a. 5,6. Feelds.
s. Europe.

8. vulgaris. I'r. ovate, covered with subu-
late, incurved prickles. Ribbed beak about
one-fourth of seed. Stigma nearly sessile. Stem
smooth. LL. tripinnate, pinnatifid. Partial
bracts half round, 2 or 3. a. 5, 6. Cult. and
uncult.

337. PHYSOCAULIS.

1. nodosus. Ridges not marked. Stem
hollow, rough, swelling at the joinings. L.

triternate. Lts. ovate, pinnatifido-incise and
dentate. a. Thickets. Anjou. Nice. Fiume.
Corsica.

338. CHABROPHYLLUM.

1. temulum. Style recurved. Stem rough,
spotty, swelling at the joinings. LL. bipinnate,
somewhat hirsute. Lis. ovato-oblong, pinna-
tifid. Lobes obtuse. General bracts usually 0 ;
partial ovate, with a scariose, ciliate margin,
reflexed. Young umbels nodding. b. 6, 7.
Hedges and thickets.

2. bulbosum. Style recurved. Stem re-
trorsely hairy at base, swelled at joinings,
smooth above. L. supradecompound. Lis.
multifid. Segments linear, acute. Partial
bracts smooth, lanceolate, cuspidate. b. 6, 7.
Thickets and banks. G. Alsace.

3. aureum. Styles at last recurved. Stem
hirsute, angular, somewhat swelling at joinings.
L. tripinnate. Lis. lanceolate, on an ovate
base, pinnatifid at base, inciso-serrate, attenuate
upwards. (Fr. three times as long as broad,
DC.) p. 6-8. Hills. m. Eur.

B. maculatum. Fr. six times as long as
broad.—DC.

4. elegans. “Styles nearly erect, many
times longer than stylopode. Stem evenly
thick. L. bipimnate, pimnatifid. Segments
lanceolate, inciso-serrate; the lower pinnatifid.
Partial bracts long, entirely membranous, lan-
ceolato-linear, acuminate, ciliate. Pet. ciliate.
Seed-bearer cloven to base. p. 7, 8. Alpine
torrents, foot of St. Bernard. Vall.’—Kocu.

5. Villarsii. “Styles erect, many times
longer than stylopode. Stem evenly thick.
L. bipinnate, pinnatifid. Segments lanceolate,
inciso-serrate; the lower pinnatifid. Partial
bracts lanceolate. Acumen with a membra-
nous margin, ciliate. Pet. ciliate. Seed-bearer
cloven to the base. p.6,7. Mountain mea-
dows and woods. Bay. Alps. Tyr. Sty. Sw.”
—Kocu.

6. magellense. Stem erect, hispid at

160 338. CHAROPHYLLUM.

base. Hairs reflexed. LL. bipinnate. Its. ob-
long, pinnatifid. Segments lanceolate, acute,
inciso-dentate. Fr. cylindrical. Styles rigid,
persistent, divergent. (Differs from C. hirsu-
tum chiefly in its longer and thicker fruit,
DC.) p. 7,8. Monte Magella. Gran Sasso.

7. hirsutum. Styles erect, many times
longer than stylopode. Stem hollow, evenly
thick. Hairs deflexed. ‘L. twice ternate. Lts.
ovate, trifid or pinnatifid. Segments inciso-
serrate. Partial bracts elliptico-lanceolate, acu-
minate, herbaceous, ciliate. Pet. ciliate. Seed-
bearer cloven only at the top. p. 6-8. Shady
mountaims. m. ands. Hur.

3. aromaticum. Styles divaricate, longer
than conical stylopode. Stem hairy under
jomings. IL. bi-triternate. Lts. undivided,
ovali-oblong, acuminate, serrate. p. 7, 8.
Shade. e. G. Apenn. of Modena and Ferrara.

539. BIASOLETTIA.

l. tuberosa. Tubers subrotund. Stem
terminating in 2 or 3 umbels, each of about
10 rays. Bracts not reflexed. L. bipimnate,
pinnatipartite. Segments somewhat rough on
margin: those of lower L. lanceolate ; of upper
linear. p. 7, 8. Monte Maggiore. Istria.
Monte Magella. Haditof Cherophyllum, Kocu;
of Bunium, BErRt., who calls it Bunium cyna-
pioides.

340. MYRRHIS.

1. odorata. L. tripinnate, pinnatifido-ser-
rate, acute, villous beneath. Partial bracts
lanceolato-subulate. p.6. Woods. n. Eng.
Fr. Alps.

841. MOLOPOSPERMUM.

1. cicutarium. L. tripinnate. Lts. long,
acuminate, decursively pinnatifid. p. 7, 8.
Rugged mountains. Pyr. Cev, Alps.

342. MALABAILA.

1. Haecquetii. L. bipinnate, pinnatifid,
incise. p.6, 7. Golak and other mountains
between Laybach and Idria. Referred by DC.
Zo Pleurospermum austriacum.

343. CACHRYS.

1. leevigata. Fr. oval, smooth. Ridges
hardly distinguishable. Cal. 0. LL. decom-
pound, Lts. multifid, lineari-setaceous, diva-
ricate. General and partial bracts few, entire.
p. 5,6. Locky hills. dt. Fr. Nice.

344. PRANGOS.

1. ferulacea. L. supradecompound. Seg-
ments lineari-subulate, divaricate, with sharp

tubercles on keel. Fr. ovato-oblong. Wings
entire, somewhat undulate. p.5, 6. Moun-

tain pastures. Sic. s. It.

B. cylindracea. Vr. cylindrical. Dirwpata
di Moreno, Cal.

345, LOPHOCACHRYS.

1. echinophora. L. ternately decompound.
Its. linear, rough on keel and margin. Bracts
undivided. Fr. tubereled. Ridges with a
tubercled crest. p.6, 7. Shores. Cal. Sic.

B. pungens. Lis. very long and slender ;
edges rolled in. Cal. ‘

346. AGOMARATHRON.

1. libanotis. “Fr. with 5 thick, very obtuse
ridges. Cal. of 5 teeth. L. decompound. Lts.
trifid, linear, somewhat pungent. Upper L.
opposite ; uppermost trifid. Bracts many, un-
divided. p. Sic.’—DC. According to Berto-
font, Cachrys libanotis, Linn., and Cachrys si-
cula y of Gussone (both quoted by DC.), be-
long to Prangos ferulacea, and consequently
have a fruit with narrow-winged ridges.
Cachrys libanotis of DC. as not referred to by
Bert.

2. pterochleena. “I. multisect. Lacinice
lineari-filiform, divaricate. General bracts of
centralumbel multisect; of lateral umbels and of
wmbeilules quite undivided. Fruit nearly glo-
bose. Ridges thick, tubercled. Furrows very
deep and narrow. Calyx of 5 teeth. p. Si-
cily ?°—DC.

347. ECHINOPHORA.

1. spinosa. L. pinnate, pinnatifid. Seg-
ments subulate, channeled, spinescent. Bracts
entire, spinescent. Fl. equal, hairless, whzte.
p. 6-8. Sandy shores of Mat.

2. tenuifclia. L. bipinnate. Lts. pin-
natifid or incise, cuneate, channeled, toothed at
top, unarmed. Fl. somewhat radiant, bearded,
yellow. p.9,10. Sandy hills. Sic. Apul.

348. PHYSOSPERMUM.

1. aquilegifolium. Lower L. triternate,
smooth. Its. cuneate, inciso-dentate. Upper-
most L. numerous, reduced to entire stipuliform
sheaths. p. 7, 8. Rough woods. Ktaly.

UMBELLATA. 16]

2. cornubiense. Lower L. triternate,
smooth. Lts. cuneato-lanceolate, inciso-dentate.
Sheaths of upper L. bearing 1-3 linear Lts.
p. 7. Thickets, and among furze. Cornwall.

3. acteifolium. Root-L. triternate. Lis.
oblong, lobed, unequally serrate, rough beneath.
Stem-L. ternate. ts. trifid, coarsely serrate.
Upper part of Stem nearly leafless. Branches
alternate and verticillate. p. 6, 7. Moist
shady rocks. Madonie. Gargano.

849. LECOKIA.

1. cretica. L.tripinnate. Lts. ovate, den-
tate. Has the haiit of Angelica. p. 6, 7.
Villa Pamfili, Rome.

350. PLEUROSPERMUM.

1. austriacum. Vitte solitary. Ridges
somewhat blunt. L. bipinnate, pinnatifid, in-
cise. p.6, 7. Mountains. Dau. Prov. Sw.
Austria.

351. CONIUM.

1. maculatum. Partial bracts shorter than
umbellule. L. decompound. b. 7, 8. Rudéish.

352. MAGYDARIS.

1. tomentosa. IL. pinnate. Its. 3-5,
broad ovate, dentate, incise: the ultimate con-
fluent, downy beneath. Fr. tomentose. p.
Sic. ? L. like those of Heracleum Sphondylium.

2. panacina. L. stalked, some undivided,
elliptico-oblong, others pinnate: the ultimate
Lis. confluent. Nerves and Stalks rough.
General and partial bracts many, deflexed, un-
divided. Fr. villous. p. 5, 6. Grassy moun-
tains. Sic.? Resembles in appearance Kund-
mannia sicula. Not admitted by Bert.

353. COLLADONIA.

l. angustifolia. Segments of lower L.
lanceolate ; of upper linear, long: all acutely
serrate. Ir. oblong. p.6. Tricarico in Lue.
Gravina in Apulia.

354. SMYRNIUM.

]. Olusatrum. Stem-L. ternate. Ls.
ovate, serrate. Partial bracts very short. b. 5.
Banks. Not in G.

2. rotundifolium.
caul, nearly circular, entire. b. 5.
Apul. Cal. Cors. Sic. Tivoli.

3. perfoliatum. Stem somewhat winged
in the upper part! Stem-L. amplexicaul,
cordato-oblong, denticulate. b. 6. LMelds and
meadows. Proy. It. adr. G.

Stem-L. amplexi-
Hills.

Tribe XV. CORIANDREZ.
355. BIFORA.

l. testiculata. Rays 3. Fl. nearly alike.
Styles very short, recurved. Fr. apiculate. a.
Corn. s. Fr. It.

2. radians. Rays 5-7. Fil. radiant. Styles
of Fr. very long, divaricate. Fr. obtuse. Corz.
s. Tyr. Trieste. Istria. It.

356. CORIANDRUM.

1. sativum. Umbel of 5-9 rays. Fi.
of Umbellules numerous, very radiant. a. b.
6. Corn. s. Fr. It. G. s. of Alps.

2. melphitense. Umbel of 2 rays. Fi. of
Umbellules numerous, of which only about 2
are fertile. Fr. slightly ribbed and wrinkled.
a. 6. Hills of Amalfi.

XLIX. ARALIACEA.

Calyx superior or semisuperior, with 4 or 5 teeth. Alstivation of Corolla valvate.

Stamens

as many as divisions of corolla, and alternating with them, Germen of 2 or more cells, each with
1 style and 1 seed. Fruit a berry. Albumen fleshy. L. alternate, without stipules.

857. ADOXA.

1. Moschatellina. Stem erect, simple.
Root-L. twice ternate. p. 4,5. Shade.

358. HEDERA.
1. Helix.

Stem climbing by means of

root-like fibres. L. with 5 angular lobes, or
ovate, acute. &.10. Woods, old walls, Sc.

B. With yellow fruit.

Tombs of Appian
Way. ;

162

L. CORNEA.

Fruit a drupe.
359. CORNUS.

1. sanguinea. No Involucre. Branches

straight. L. opposite, ovate, green on both
sides. §$S.6,7. Thickets.
2. mas. Involucre of 4 L. L. oval, acu-

The order in other respects resembles the Araliacee.

minate. Umbel about as long as involucre. S.
3,4. Dry hills. Wanting in Br. and Sie.

3. suecica. Herbaceous. All L. oppo-
site, sessile, ovate, 5—7-nerved. Involucre far
exceeding umbel. p. 6, 7. Peaty moors.
Se. G,

LI. LORANTHACEA,

Flower superior. Corolla in 4 divisions. Astivation valvular. Stamens 4, opposite divisions

of corolla; adnate to corolla.
with opposite leaves.

360. VISCUM.

1. album. Repeatedly dichotomous. L.
obovato-lanceolate. Fl. crowded, axillary, ses-
sile. s.$.5. Parasitic, chiefly on Pomacee.

2. Oxycedri. Stem very much branched,
jointed, with a sort of cup at the top of each

Berry of 1 cell and 1 erect seed.

Shrubby parasitical plants,

| jointandno L. w Parasitic on juniper.
| Lang. Prov. I. of Cherso.

361. LORANTHUS.

l. ewrcpzeus. Fl. diccious. Pet. 6. An-
thers adnate. Raceme terminal, simple. s.S.
4,5. Parasitic on oaks. 1\. Austr. Apen.

LIT. CAPRIFOLIACEA.

Calyx superior.
with its lobes; in Lennea didynamous.
berry, often of 1 cell.

362. SAMBUCUS.

1. Ebulus. Herbaceous! Cyme with 3
branches. Stipules leafy. Stem warty. All the
Fl. perfect. p.7. Uneult.

Corymb of 5 branches. L.
s.T. 6. Thickets, Se.

3. racemosa. Pan. ovate. Lis. oblong,
acuminate, nearly equal at base. Stalks smooth.

2. nigra.
pinnate. Ls. ovate.

LS. 4, 5. Woods. Wanting in Br. and Sic.
363. VIBURNUM.
1. Tinus. L. evergreen, quite entire,

glandular on the veins beneath. Berry ovate.
S. 3,4. Dry woods. s. Kur.

2. Keantana. LL. ovali-cordate, serrate, ru-
gose. Young L. covered beneath with a stel-
late, mealy pubescence. Cyme terminal. S. 5.
Hedges and thickets.

3. Opulus. Corymb radiate; the outer

Corolla of 1 petal, upon the germen.
Germen 3—5-celled, with pendulous ovules.

Stamens on corolla, and alternate

Fruit a

Fl. barren. lL. 3-lobed, acuminate, serrate.
Stalks glandular. SS. 6,7. Moist woods and
thickets.

364. LONICERA.

A. Berry solitary. Flowers ringent, sessile,
in verticillate heads. Stems climbing.

l. implexa. LL. evergreen! upper con-
nato-perfoliate. Terminal heads sessile. Style
hairy. s.S. 5,6. Dry ills. s. Fr. It. Istr.

2. Caprifolium. Upper L. connato-per-
foliate ; lower oblong, smooth. Heads sessile.
Styles smooth. s.S. 5,6. Rough thickets.
m. and s. Hur.

3. etrusca. Upper L. connato-perfoliate ;
lower obovate, downy. Heads stalked, gene-
rally ternate. Style smooth. s.S. 7, 8.
Thickets. Coasts of Mdt.

4. Periclymenum. J. all distinct. Heads
stalked. s.S. 6-8. Woods and hedges.

JAPRIFOLIACE/.

B. Stalks axillary, 2-flowered.

connate.

5. camescens. Climbing, hoary. Berries
distinct. L. stalked, cordato-ovate, evergreen.

L.

never

S$. 5-9. Shade. In the park at Palermo.
6. pyrenaica. Erect, smooth. Berries

distinct. L. obovato-lanceolate. Fl. nearly

regular. Bracts elliptico-lanceolate, far ex-

ceeding fruit. S. Summer. Calc. mountains.
Pyr. Pdm. Ravenola.

7. &ylosteum. Hrect, pubescent. Berries
hardly united at base. LL. ovate, acute, very
entire. Fl. equalling stalks. Bracts hardly
equalling fruit. S.7. Hedges and thickets.
s. and m. Hur.

$8. nigra. Hrect. Berries laterally ad-
hering. L. oblongo-elliptic, downy when young.

163

Stalks many times longer than flowers. Bracts
subulate, falling short of calyx. &. 5, 6.
Mountain woods. Alps. Sud. Vosges. n. Apen,

9. alpigena. LHrect. Berries united into
one. IL. ovali-lanceolate, actmninate, on short
stalks. Stalks many times longer than flowers.
s.S. 5,6. Mountains. Alps, &e.

10. czerulea. Erect. Berries united into
one. Styles undivided. L. oval (elliptico-oblong,
Kocnu). Stalks shorter than flowers. S. 4, 5.
Mountains. Alps. Vosges. Auv.

365. LINNAA.

1. borealis. Stems trailing. L. broadly
ovate, stalked. p. 5,6. Mossy pine-woods.
Se. n. G. Tyr. Valais. Valt. Pdm.

LIU. RUBIACEA.

Calyx superior. Corolla of 1 regular petal. Stamens alternate with segments of corolla.

Style 1.

366. PUTORIA.

1. ealabrica. Stem shrubby, branched,
pubescent. L. stalked, oblong. Stipule on
each side solitary. w. 5-7. Calc. rocks. Sic.

367. SHERARDIA.

1. arvensis. L. verticillate. Fl. terminal.
a.4,5. Fields.

368. ASPERULA.

A. Annual. Upper whorls of more L. than
lower.

1. arvensis. Fr. smooth. Lowermost L.
obovate, 4-5 in a whorl; upper linear, 6—10.
Fl. sessile, in terminal clusters, shorter than
involucre. a. 5,6. J%elds. m. ands. Kur.

B. Perennial. Corolla funnel-shaped.

i. L. in fours, ovate or elliptic.

2. taurina. L.3-nerved. Heads axillary,
stalked. Bracts ciliate. Tube of Corolla very
long. Fr. somewhat rough. p. 5,6. Shady
filis. s. Hux.

3. levigata. Ascending, hairless. L. 1-
nerved, finely rough on margin. Cymes on
axillary stalks. Tube not longer than border.
Fr. smooth. p.6. Woods. s. Fr.? It.

Y

2

Fruit twinned. Cells 2, each with an erect seed.

ui. L. in fours, rarely 6 in some of the whorls ;
upper nearly linear.
a. Two L. of upper whorl much smaller, or
wanting.

4. tinetoria. Somewhat erect. Root long,
ereeping, reddish. ¥I. generally 3-cleft. Bor-
der equal to tube. Fr. smooth. p. 6, 7.
Sandy. wm. and s. Kur. oce.

5. eymanchica. L. smooth, margin some-
what rough: lowermost somewhat ovate.
Bracts ovate or lanceolate, acuminate. Cozymbs
all terminal. Corolla rough, 4-cleft. Tube
about equal to border. Fr. tubercled. p. 6, 7.
Open hills. Not in Sie.

B. aristata. L. flat ; upper about 3, very un-
equal. K. Nap.

y. nitens. Li. 4, awned, smooth and shining,
exceeding interknots. Abr.

6. canescens. ‘J. linear, mucronate.
Stems ascending. Corymbules lateral, nearly
sessile, and terminal. Bracts lanceolato-su-
bulate, mucronate. Corolla rough or hairy.
fl. purplish. Tube much longer than border.
Fr. obsoletely tubercled, sometimes hairy. p. 9.
Stony. 1. of Losino in Istria.”—Kocu.

7. longiflora. “L. linear. Stems nume-
rous, diffuse. Bracts lanceolato-subulate, cus-
pidate. Corolla smooth. Tube much longer

164 368. ASPERULA.

than border. Fr. granulate. p. 7, 8. mdt.

G.’—Kocn. It.
b. Upper L.in fours; all nearly equal.

8. suberosa. Tufted, smooth, glaucous.
L. longer than interknot: lowermost oval ;
rest lineari-lanceolate, revolute, acute. Stalks
3—4-flowered, axillary and terminal. Corolla
hairless. Fr. hairless, somewhat rugose. p. 6.
Cale. rocks. Madonie.

9. pumila. Hirsute. Stems filiform, de-
cumbent. L. in fours : lower lanceolate ; upper
linear, acuminato-mucronate. Corolla hairy.
Style somewhat cloven. Fr. rough. p. 6,7.
Dry hilis. Madonie. Sard.

10. neglecta. Hirsute, tufted. Root slender.
L. acute: lower ovate; upper lmear. Fl. on
very short stalks, in terminal fascicles. Corolla
hairy. Style bipartite. Fr. hispid. p. 6-8.
Mountain meadows and rocks. Abr, Sard. Sic.

11. tomentosa. Villous, hoary. Stem flac-
cid. L. in fours: lower obovate ; upper linear.
Margin revolute. Tl. sessile, about 3 in a
cluster (8 or 10, DC.). Style divided to the
middle. Fr. hirsute. Bracts hardly equalling
germen. p. 5. Cale. rocks. Capri. Sard.
“ Becomes hairless by cultwation.’—TEN.

B. comnutata. Upper part smooth. Sicily.

ili. LZ. 6 or more in a whorl.

12. hirta. Erect, tufted. L. in sixes, linear
acute, hairy, exceeding interknot. Fl. terminal,
sessile, in a sort of umbel, exceeding bracts.
Fr. hairless. p. 6,7. Cale. rocks. Pyv.

13. hexaphylia. ‘‘ Stem slender, flaccid.
L.in sixes, lnear, acuminate, rough on margin.
Fl. in a dense corymb, exceeding involucre of
6 lmear L. Corolla slender, pointless. Fr.
oblong, hairless. p. 6, 7. Rocks. Col di
Tende.”—Berrt.

14. rupestris. “Stem thick, firm. L. in
sixes, linear, somewhat acute. Involucre of 6
ovate L. Fr. a rough, double globe. p. 4, 5.
Cale. rocks. Sic.” —BrErv.

C. Perennial. Corolla campanulate. L.
6 or more im a whorl.

15. ederata. L. 6-8, lanceolate, rough
on margin and keel. Pan. stalked, few-fiowered.
Fr. with hooked bristles. p. 5,6. Moods.

16. Aparine. L. about 8, with retrorse
prickles on margin and keel. Fl. in a panicle.
Fr. granulate. p. 7, 8. Moist thickets. Sil.
and Mor.

17. galioides. IL. about 8, rigid, linear.
Margin rough, involute. Stem smooth or
hairy only at base. Fl. panicled. Fr. smooth.
p. 6, 7. Open spots. mdt. Fr. G. It.

369. GALIUM.

Secor. I. Fl. complete. Root perennial.

&.. Fl. in a terminal panicle. Stem without
recurved prickles.
i. L. in fours, 3-nerved. Sp. 1-3.
ii. L. more than 4 in aset on the main stem.

a. Fr. not granular. Stem 4 - edged.
Sp. 4-14.
b. Fr. not granular. Stem nearly round.
Sp. 15-19.
ce. lr. shagreened or tubercled, not hairy.
Sp. 20-23.
SB. Fl. axillary. Stem without
prickles. Sp. 24, 25.
G. Fl. in a terminal panicle. Stem rough
with recurved prickles. Sp. 26, 27.
Root annual.
Sp. 28-80.
Sp. 31-85.
©. Hl. axillary, not panicled. Seeds oblong.
Sp. 36-38.
Sreor. IJ. Lateral Fl. barren.
G. Fl. axillary. Sp. 39-42.

recurved

Secor. IL. Fl. complete.
®. Fl. in terminal panicles.

:. Fl. in axillary panicles.

Sect. I. Mowers complete. Root perennial.
A. Flowers in a terminal panicle. Stem with-
out recurved teeth or prickles.

i. L. in fours, 3-nerved.

1. rotundifolium. Stems diffuse, smooth.
L. ciliate. Pan. terminal. Fl. few (5-20).
Fr. with hooked bristles. p. 7,8. Shady.
m. and s. Hur. *

B. ellipticum. Stem nearly erect, hirsute.
It. Islands.

2. rubioides. Stems diffuse. Larger L.
5-nerved at base, elliptic or lanceolate, with
parabolic termination. Fl. numerous (100 or
more). Fr. without hooked prickles, much
larger than in the following species. wp. 5, 6.
Meadows, river banks, woods. Carinthia.
Monte Argentario in Tuscany.

3. boreale. All L. 3-nerved, lanceolato-
parabolic. Bracts ovate, attenuate at base or
nearly circular. Fl. numerous. Lr. furnished
with hooked prickles. p. 7,8. Heaths, bushy.
m. and n. Eur.

RUBIACE. 165

B. hyssopifolium. 1, 8-nerved only at base.
Fr. quite smooth. G. Als.

ii. L. more than 4 in a set on the main stem,
l-nerved (in G. palustre the stem is some-
times smooth).

a. Fruit not granular (sometimes lacunoso-
rugose). Stem firm at the base, 4-edged
or with & prominent ribs.

4, insubricum. L. obovate, dull, in sixes
on stem, in fours on branches. Stems hairless,
decumbent. Branches few-flowered, ending in
a simply trifid umbel. (Divisions of Cor. with
a filiform cusp, Gaup.) Pedicels of Fr. spread-
ing. Stems slender. L. very thin. Bracts
mostly solitary. Fl. not more than half as
large as those of G. Mollugo. p. Stony.
Canton of Tessin, Kocn. Bert. goins this to
G. Mollugo.

5. mediterraneum. “Stem ascending,
smooth. Lower L. in fours, obovate, mucronu-
late; others in sixes, lineari-lanceolate, some-
what rough on margin. Stalks 2-3-cleft. Di-
visions of Cor.awned. p.? Restonica in Cors.
and in Lig.’—DC. Not in Bert.

6. Soleirollii. “Softly pubescent. Hairs
spreading. Lower L. in fours; upper in fives,
ovato-oblong, acute. Cor, hairless: divisions
with a short awn. Seeds somewhat ovate. p.
6. Cape Revelata in Cors. Zwo or three
inches tong.’—BrERvt.

7. aristatum. “Stem-L. in eights, lan-
ceolate, mucronate. Stem erect. Pan. large.
Pedicels always nearly erect. (Divisions of
Cor. with a short setaceous mucro, GAUD.) p.
7, 8. Rough hills. s. G. Tyrol”’—Kocu.
Does not appear to be the plant of Linn.

In this and the five following species the
characters are far from satisfactory. I am
fully persuaded that they do not all form a
single species, but am not equally confident
that I have divided them rightly. In all which
I have had the opportunity of examining, the
cusps of the corolla in their perfect state are
slender and setaceous.

8. erectum. Stem weak, smooth. L. in
sixes or eights, lineari-lanceolate (lanceolate,
Su.). Midrib slender, often inflated at base.
(Prickles of the margin hooked, Sm.) Cor.
hairless. Fr. smooth. p.6,7. Dry hills.

Under the name of G. erectum or G. luci-
dum this is said to be known throughout Eu-
rope; but no one except Sir J. E. Smith men-
tions any hooks to the marginal prickles, and
these I never could find. Koch says that
the fruit is wrinkled ; Smith, that it is smooth

and even. It is known from Mollugo by its
more upright stem, more slender habit, smaller
and less diffuse panicle, and somewhat glossy
and narrower lower L.; but in all these parti-
culars there are intermediate states. Smith
assigns to this an acwminate cusp, while he
gives to G. Mollugo “a tumid point, not a
bristle.”

9. Mlollugo. Young stems downy. L.
about 8 in a whorl, obovato-oblong, dull. Mid-
rib slender. Branches of Pan. spreading, many-
flowered. Fr.-stalks divaricate. Fr. wrinkled.
p. 7, 8. Hedges, thickets, and dry banks.

10. lucidum. “LL. about 8, linear, mu-
cronate, rigid, shining, with a strong midrib.
Lower branches of Pan. spreading horizontally.
Fruit-stalks divaricate. Fr. somewhat rugose.
p. 5-7. Barren stony. s. Alps.’—Kocu.

Both DC. and Bert. refer the G. lucidum of
Allioni (also quoted by Koch) to a variety of
G. erectum. As 1 do not feel confident that
the foreion G. Jucidum is the same as our G.
erectum, I have inserted both. G. lucidum
should have a strong midrib, which G. erectum,
I believe, never has.

ll. cimereum. “Stem woody at base,
much branched, smooth. L. 6-8, elliptico-
linear, glaucous beneath, rigid, mucronate, often
reflexed, hardly rough on the margin. Divi-
sions of Cor. with a setaceous mucro. Fr. quite
smooth, p. Open. s. Fr. It. Vall.’—DC.
Referred by Koch to G. lucidum ; by Bert. to
G. erectum. The almost woody base of stem,
which ws entirely smooth, the strongly revolute
margins of the L., and their thick, firm, and
even midrib, persuade me that this is quite
different from anything I have seen in England.

12. littorale. Stem rigid. Branches crowd-
ed. L. about 8. Branches of Pan. trichoto-
mous, erect, pubescent. Cor. hairy: divisions
with a short awn. Seed somewhat ovoid.
Smell of I'l. very strong and disagreeable. p.
5,6. Thickets on sandy shores. Sic.

13. verum. Stem round in lower part, with
4 ribs, hairy. L. 8-12, lmear. Margin re-
volute, rough above, downy beneath. Branches
of Pan. nearly horizontal when in fruit. Cor.
yellow: divisions with a very short cusp. p.
7,8. Dry banks.

B. vero-mollugo. Fl. yellowish-white. Ger.

14. arenarium. Prostrate, much branched,
hairless. L. 6-10, lineari-oblong. Pan. some-
what cylindrical, verticillate: the Fl.-stalks
very short. FV. yellow. Fr. large and some-
what fleshy. p. 5,6, Sandy shores. w.Fr.

166 369. GALIUM.

b. Lrut not granular. Stem firm at base,
nearly round and even.
15.purpureum. L. 6-8, linear, very nar-
row, mucronate, rough on the margin. Stem
much branched, woody. Fl. terminal, in threes
or solitary, purple. Cor. apiculate. w. 7, 8.
Rocky cale. Vt. Sw. s. Tyr. Massa. Apenn.

16. VWillarsii. IL. 4-6, hairless, some-
what fleshy. Pan. twice ternate. T'l.-stalks
thick, shorter than L. Seeds very large, and,
witha high power, appearing shagreened. Seg-
ments of Cor. without cusp. p. 7. High
stony. Pyr. Dan. Mont Ventous.

17. helveticum. Stems procumbent, much
branched. L. 6—8, nearly nerveless, flat, some-
what fleshy (rough on-margin, DC.): lower
obtuse. Stalks 1—8-flowered, terminal and
axillary, somewhat longer than L. Segments
of Cor. acute, no cusp. p. 7, 8. Stony
mountains. Sw. rare. Mont Cenis. Tyr. occ.
Bavaria.

18. sylvaticum. L. in eights, elliptic or
obovato-lanceolate, obtuse, mucronate. Floral
L. opposite. Stalks of Pan. capillary. Buds
nodding. p.6,7. Woods. m. ands. Hur.

19. linifolium. Stem round, smooth. L.
4-8, lanceolate, acuminate. Stalks of Pan.
capillary, always erect. Divisions of Cor. acute.
Fy. quite smooth. p. 7, 8. Mountain thickets.
Pyr. s. Alps—DC. Koch makes this a var.
of G. aristatum. The round stem induces me
to place it near sylvaticum.

ce. Fruit shagreened or tubercled, not harry.
Stems very thin and weak at the base.
20. saxatile. L. about 6, obovate, acute.
Stems numerous, prostrate, much branched.
Pan. many-flowered. Divisions of Cor. acute.
p. 7,8. Heaths and stony.

21. sylvestre. L. 6-8, lineari-lanceolate,
broader upwards, acuminate, mucronate, one-
nerved. Pan. many-flowered. Pedicels erecto-
patent. Segments of Cor. acute.

a. leve. Without hairs in any part.

B. alpestre. Also hairless. All the parts

more rigid and crowded.

y. hirtum. (pusillum of Sm.; Bocconi of

DC.) Hairy.

8. supinum. LL. prickly at the edge, nearly

as long as panicle. p.6, 7. Rough rocky.

The above varieties are species of DC.

22. pumilum. L. 6-8, linear, with a subu-
late extremity, a strong midrib, and a thick-
ened, somewhat revolute margin. Stems cespi-

tose, procumbent, 4-sided. Pan. few-flowered.
Divisions of Cor. acute, without a cusp.
a. hypnotdes, Vitu. Stalks erect, 2—4-flow-
ered.
B. cespitosum. More dense and rigid.
Stalks 1-flowered. p. 6,7. High open
rocky. Alps. Apenn.

23. rubrum. IL. 6-8, lineari-lanceolate,
mucronate. Pan. diffuse. Pedicels straight,
capillary. Cor. reddish, with long, slender
cusps. p. 6, 7. Dry mountain pastures.
s. Hurope.

B. obliquum. Fl. greenish-white. Dau.
B. Mowers axillary. Stem without re-

curved prickles.

24. maritimum. Villoso-hispid. L. 4-6;
the uppermost opposite, lineari-lanceolate,
acute. Stalks axillary, 1—7-flowered. Corolla
externally, and Fr. hispid. Root woody. p. 7,
8. Rocks on the shore. Ste. Lucie. Nice.

25. pyrenaicum. IL. in sixes, narrow,
linear, acuminate, thin. Fl. nearly solitary, in
the axils toward the ends of the branches, falling
short of L. Divisions of Corolla acute, with-
out cusps. p.6. High. Pyr. Mountains of
Carrara.

C. Flowers in a terminal panicle. Stem
rough, with reversed prickles or teeth.

26. uliginosum. L. 6, lineari-lanceolate,
mucronate, 1-nerved. Prickles of the margin
and keel, and on the stem, retrorse. Fruit-
stalks straight. Divisons of Corolla acute.
p. 7. Peaty meadows.

27. palustre. L. 4 or 5, rarely 6, un-
equal, oblongo-obovate, obtuse ; upper opposite ;
roughness (if any) spreading or recurved.
Corolla without cusps. Fr. finely rugose.
p. 7. Wet. There are not always prickles
on the stem ; but the plant may be known by
the L. on the branches in fours, obovato-ob-
long, and very unequal.

B. Witheringi. L. more frequently 6. Thas

is probably the moutanum of Linn.

Secr. Il. Flowers complete. Root annual.
Fruit granular or hispid. LL. \-nerved.
Stem rough with reversed prickles.

D. Mowers in a terminal panicle.

28. campestre. ‘“ Stem slender, decum-
bent, ascending, with retrorse prickles at the
angles. L. hairless, margin with forward
prickles : lower in fours, subrotundo-spatulate,
stalked; upper in sixes, obversely lanceolate,

RUBIACE A. 167

acute. Pan. somewhat dichotomous. Corolla
awned. Fr. ovoideo-didymous, minutely granu-
lar. a. 6,7. Cape Revelata and Monte Cagna
in Cors.”—BER?.

29. parisiense. L. 6, lanceolate, mucro-
nate. Corolla without cusps. Fruit rough
with hooked prickles. a. 5-8. Warm, sandy
or stony. (Includes /itigiosum.)

B. anglicum. Fr. without hairs. (Includes

divaricatum.)

30. setaceum. L. 4-8, lincari-setaceous,
rough on margin, exceeding Fl.: lower obovate,
very small. Stems erect, rough at the base.
Stalks slender, divaricate, trifid. Fr. covered
with hooked bristles. a. 4, 5. Barren,
stony. Prov. Sic. Sard.

E. Flowers in axillary panicles.

31. trifidum. L. 4, lineari-oblong, broader
upwards, very obtuse, pointless, 1 - nerved.
Margin with reversed prickles. Stalks 1—8-
flowered. Fr. reflexed, even. p. 7, 8. Spongy
meadows. Styria.

32. spurium. Same as Vazllantiz, except
that the Fr. is hairless. a. 7. Corn. For-
far. France. Germany. Italy.

33. Waillantii. L. 8, linear, prickly on
margin aud keel. Angles of stem prickly ;
knots smooth. Fr. very small, furnished with

hooked prickles. 7. minute, yellow. a. 5,
6. Corn. Sw. rare. G.
34. Aparine. L. 6-8, lanceolate. Keel,

margin, and angles of stem armed with re-
flexed bristles. Stem weak (knots villous,Gav.).
Fr. hispid with hooked bristles. a. 6, 7.
Hedges, 5c.

B. tenerum. Stem filiform, smooth. Gem-
mi. Zermatten.

35. tricorne. L. 8, lineari-lanceolate, mu-
eronate, l-nerved. Margin with backward
prickles. Stems flaccid; arms reflexed. Stalks
3-flowered ; in fruit recurved ; longer than the
warty, hairless fruit. a. 7-9. Calc. fields.

FE. Flowers axillary, not panicled. Seeds
oblong.

36. minutulum. fl. solitary. Fr. spread-
ing (never reflexed). Seeds globular. L.
elliptic or obovato-elliptic. a. 6. Granitic.
Island of Portquerolles near Hyéres.—Jorp.

Besides this, M. Jordan adds no less than
nineteen new species to the genus, and alludes
to some others of whose distinctness he has
less confidence. The descriptions do not af-

ford characters sufficiently definite to enable
me to introduce them. He also proposes to
restore several other species which have been
generally rejected by modern botanists.

37. murale. Flower-stalks between the
L. usually 1-flowered, reflexed in fruit. Fr.
hispid at top. Seeds ineurved. a. 3,4. Walls.
Italy. s. France.

38. verticillatum. Fl. in the axils, ver-

ticillate. L. in fours; upper opposite. Fr.
hispid, erect. a. 5,6. Warm, dry. Prov.
Cal. Sicily.

Secor. III. Lateral Flowers barren.
G. Flowers axillary.
39. saccharatum. L. in sixes, lineari-
lanceolate, mucronate, 1-nerved. Fruit warty.

Stems flaccid, with reversed prickles. a. 5, 7.
Fields. wm. and s. Eur.

40. Gruciata. Stem hairy, simple up-
wards. LL. ovate or elliptico-oblong, 3-nerved.
Stalks branched, bracteate. Root annual. a.
4,5. Thickets, Sc.

4]. pedemontanum. Stem simple, flaccid,
with reflexed prickles, softly villous or hairless.
L. 3-nerved, ovali-oblong, hispid. Stalks
without bracts, 3—4-flowered, shorter than L.
Fr. hairless. Rootiannual. a. 5, 6. Sandy.
s. Kur. oce.

42. vernum. Stem simple, without re-
flexed prickles, hairless towards the top. L.
ovate or oblong, 3-nerved. Stalks branched,
smooth, without bracts. Fr. smooth. Root
perennial. p. 5, 6.. Shade and moist mea-
dows. s. Bur.

370. VALANTIA.

1. muralis. Stem decumbent. L. nearly
hairless. Fr. with a rigid crown, otherwise
smooth. a.4,5. Walls, Sc. s. Hur.

2. hispida. Stem ascending, hispid. L.
ciliate. Fr. hispid. Stalk recurved. a. 4,
5. Fields and hedges. Pdm. Cal.

371. CRUCIANELLA.

1. mollugimoides. Heads somewhat pa-
nicled. FI. 5-cleft.. L. 6-12, lineari-lanceo-
late, rough. Bracts ovato-lanceolate, acumi-
nate, with villous margin. p. 7, 8. Mown-
tains. Onthe Kahlenberg near Laybach.

2. maritima. Woody, branched. Fl. 5-
cleft, in an ovato-oblong head. L. in fours,

168

ovato-lanceolate, rigid, mucronate, with thick-
ened margin. ‘Outer bracts larger ; inner com-
pressed, keeled: all ciliate. w. 5. Sandy
shores. widt. Fr. w. I. Sic. Cors.

8. rupestris. Woody, much branched,
ascending. L. in fours, small, lanceolate, mu-
cronate, with a thickened margin. Bracts
equal, lanceolate: outer not ciliate ; inner con-
cave, ciliate. w. 5,6. Cale. marit. rocks.
Lopadusa, Malta.

4. suffulta. Fl. 4—5-cleft, with long cusps,
in an oblong 4-rowed spike. L. in fours or
fives; margin closely revolute: upper whorl
close to spike. Bracts separate, denticulate :
inner smaller. a.7. Dry fields. Le Puy.
—J. W.

5. angustifolia. Fl. 4-cleft, in a linear
4-rowed spike. L. in sixes, rough. Margin
revolute. Bracts nearly or quite sessile, nearly
equal, smooth on margin. a. 6,7. Dry
stony. Coasts of Mdt.

6. monspeliaca. Fl. 4-cleft, im a very
long, linear spike. Lower L. in fours, obovate ;
upper in about sixes, lineari-lanceolate. Bracts
united for nearly half their length, ciliate. a.
6. Dry. mat. Fr. w. It. Sic.

It does not appear that the C. latifolia, Linn.,
with all L.in fours, and only a very short

3871. CRUCIANELLA.

straight cusp to the divisions of corolla, has
been found in Fr. or It.

372. RUBIA.
A. Annual. Veins of L. prominent beneath.

1. tinctorum. L. 4-6, lanceolate. Divi-
sions of Corolla with an acute callus. p. 6,
7. Escapes. s. Kur.

B. Perennial. Veins of L. not prominent

beneath.

2. longifolia. ‘“ Herbaceous. ‘L. 4—6, li-
neari-lanceolate, acuminate, smooth above,
prickly on margin and on nerve beneath.
Angles of stem prickly. Flower-stalks tri-
chotomous. Divisions of Corolla acuminate,
not abruptly cuspidate. p. 7. Cors.”—DC.

3. peregrina. L. 46, elliptic or lanceo-
late. Divisions of Corolla cuspidate. p. 6, 7.
Thickets. The L. vary from broad elliptic to
narrow lanceolate; I have even specimens
Jrom Rome with obovate L.; and tt is pro-
bable that longifolia and lucida are only varie-
ties of this.
B. Boeconi.
above.

L. in fours, ovate, shining

4, lucida. “A span long. IL. small, obo-
vate, mucronulate. Bracts very small. Divi-
sions of Corolla lanceolate, acuminato-aristate.
p. 4, 5. Cors.”—BeErr.

LIV. VALERIANEA.

Calyx superior, sometimes nearly wanting, sometimes of simple teeth, sometimes imvolute
and at last expanding into a feathery crest. Corolla of one petal, on the germen. Stamens 1 to 4,

inserted on tube of corolla.

373. FEDIA.
A. Flowers ringent.

1. Gornucopize. Upper L. sessile. FI.
in dichotomous heads. Fruit-stalks thickening
upwards. a. Springs, sandy. Nap. Sic.

B. Flowers nearly regular.
i. Fruit with a corky mass at the back !

2. olitoria. Fr. compressed, oblong: bar-
ren cells without a furrow: the Dissepiment
imperfect. Bracts leafy, dentato-ciliate. a.
4-6. Cult.

3. gibbosa. Fr. gibbous (plano-convex) :
barren cells each with furrow at the back:
Dissepiment complete. Bracts quite entire.
a. 4,5. Mountain pastures. Sic.

Capsule with one productive cell and one pendulous seed.

ii, No corky mass. Two barren cells.
a. Barren cells nearly or quite separate.
* Fruit without a distinet crown.
4. turgida. Fr. spherical, with a sector
cut out. Crown 0. Fl. im heads. a. 5. Un-
cult. Rome.

5. carinata. Fr. oblong, boat-shaped, with
asimple blunt crown. Fl. in heads. a. 3, 4.
Cult.

** Crown a spreading membranous border
with hooked teeth. Upper L. often pin-
natifid at base.

6. hamata. Crown cyathiform, hairless
within, ending in 6, usually entire segments.
Sinuses obtuse. a. 5-7. Cult. m. and s.
Eur. (coronata of Koch.)

VALERIAN EA. 169

7. brachystephana. Crown hairless,
campanulate, with 6 hooked teeth, much
shorter than the capsule. a. 4,5. Corn. Abr.
—Brrr. Perhaps a variety of ¥. hamata.

8. coronata. Crown campanulate, villous
within, divided to base into 6, usually toothed
segments. a. 5, 6. Cut. mdt. Ir. It. V. dis-
coidea of Koch.

*e* Barren cells prolonged into teeth or
horns: not forming a membranous calyx.
9. echinata. Cells quite separate, each
terminating ina recurved horn. #1. in sessile
heads on thickened stalks. a. 4,5. 5s. Hur.

10. pumila. Fr. terminating in 3 very
short teeth. Fl. in loose heads. Bracts sca-
riose, ovate. a. 4-6. Cult. s. Fr.s. It. Sic.

b. Barren cells 2, contiguous. Crown

erect.

11. auricula. Crown of one membranous
L. Fl. distant. Upper L. inciso-dentate at
base. a. 6-8. Cult. Crown simple.

B. tridentata. Crown 3-toothed, (V. dentata
of DC.) V. laticuspis of Bert. probably
belongs to this.

iii. Barren cells 4.

12. vesicaria. Cal. inflated, with minute
inflexed teeth. Fl. in globular heads. a. 5,
6. Cape Passaro.

iv. Barren cells wanting, or reduced to a
mere nerve. Panicle somewhat fastigiate.
Lower Flowers solitary.

18. eriocarpa. Crown a somewhat oblique
border, with 5—7 straight teeth; 3 of them
nearly equal. Er. ovoid. Plant rigid. Fr.-
stalk thickened upwards. a. 5, 6. Cult.
m.ands. Eur.

14. dentata. Crown of one L., erect,
acute, generally toothed at base. Fr. ovoid.
Upper L. toothed at base. a. 5-8. Cult.

B. miata. Fr. rounder. Crown shorter.

y. lasiocarpa. Fr. hairy.

15. puberula. Crown oblique, very short,
nearly entire. Fr. ovoid, downy. Fl. corym-
bose. Upper L. very rarely with a tooth at
the base. a.4, 5. Cult. n. It. Sic. Cors.
F. microcarpa of Gussone appears to be the
same species.

374, CENTRANTHUS.
A. Spur long.

1. angustifolius. L. lincar, very entire.

Organs twice as long

Spur equalling germen.
Open stony. w. Alps.

as corolla. wp. 7, 8.

2. ruber. L. ovate or lanceolate: uppermost
somewhat dentate. Spur half as long again
as germen. Organs hardly exceeding corolla.
p. 6-8. Rocks and old walls.

GB. Spur very short.

3. trinervis. L. ovato-oblong, many-
nerved, quite entire. Cyme corymbose. p.
5, 6. Mountains. Cors. Sard.

4. Galcitrapa.
entire : upper pinnatifid.

Root-L. lyrate or ovate,
Fl. somewhat pani-

cled. a. 5,6. Sandy or stony. s. Fr. It.
Not in Ger. or Sw.
375. VALERIANA.
A. Mowers diecious.
i, All L. undivided.
l. celtica. L. quite entire. Root-L. ob-

longo-lanceolate, attenuate. Stem-L. linear,
few and small. Corymbs small, disposed in a
whorled spike. Fr. hirsute. Root scaly. p.
7,8. Very lagh granitic. Alps.

2. saliunea. L. hairless. Root-L. ob-
longo-spatulate, attenuate, quite entire. Stem
seape-like, with few and small L., which some-
times have linear teeth at base. Corymbs in
a terminal head. Fr. oval, hairless. Root
many-headed. p. 7, 8. Very high. Alps,
oce. Abr.

3. saxatilis. L. nerved, ciliate. Root-L.
oblongo-spatulate, on long stalks. Stem scape-
like, with few and small L., sometimes with a
linear tooth at base. Corymbs umbel-like.
Fr. hairless. Root covered with fibres. p. 6,
7. Alps. Mountaims of Carrara.

4. supina. L. ciliate, not toothed. Root-
L. subrotundo-spatulate. Stem diffuse, leafy.
Corymbs in a terminal head. Fr. hairless.
Root many-headed. p. 7, 8. High, moist.
Carinthia. Sty. Tyr. Bello.

5. elongata. LL. ovate. Root-L. stalked.
Stem-L. sessile, broad at base, incise. Corymbs
in a lengthened panicle. p. 6, 7. Jlozst, stony.
e. Alps.

6. montana. Primary L. rounded ; those
of barren shoots ovate, on long stalks; those
of stem ovate, acuminate. Teeth attenuate.
Stem erect. Corymbs in a short panicle.
Root many-headed. p. 6-8. Mountains. Alps.
Pyr. Apenn,

170 375. VALERIANA.

ii. Root-L..undivided. Stem-L. with one or
two auricles on each side of base.

7. tripteris. Hairless. L. dentate : lower-
most rounded, on short stalks; those of bar-
ren shoots cordate, on long stalks; of stem
tripartite. Lateral Lts. small. Corymbs in a
terminal panicle. p. 5-8. Rocky mountains.

8. pyrenaica. Pubescent. Lower L.
stalked, cordate, unequally dentate ; upper cor-
date, acuminate, serrate, with 1 or 2 pair of
oblong, acuminate, basal lobes. p. 6,7. Shady
mountains. Pyr. Se.

9. dioica. Hairless, erect. L. of root oval
or subrotundo-ovate; of barren shoots ovate,
on long stalks. Stem-L. lyrato-pinnatifid.
Lts. unequal, entire. Corymb of barren plant
diffuse; of fertile compact. Fr. ovate, hairless.
Root stoloniferous. p. 5, 6. Boggy meadows.

8. All L. simple. Prussia. Silesia.

ili. Root-L. undivided ; upper L. pinnate or
pinnatifid.

10. tuberosa. Hairless. Root-L. elliptico-
oblong, stalked, attenuate, obtuse. Upper
stem-L. not lyrate. Divisions linear. Corymb
short. Fr. ovate, marked on each side with
two silky lines. Root tuberous. p. 5. Moun-
tain meadows. s. Kur.

11. globularizefolia. Hairless, somewhat
glaucous. Root-L. ovate, atteunate, quite en-
tire. Divisions of the upper stem-L. linear.
Corymb short. Fr. oblong, hairless. p. 6, 7.
High. Pyr.

B. All the Flowers perfect.

12. Phu. Hairless, erect. Root-L. oblongo-
lanceolate, attenuate, sometimes incise. Stem-
L. pinnate, with 3 or 4 paw of quite entire
acute Lts. Fr. marked on one side with two-
hairy lines. p.5, 6. Shade. Belg. Sw. n.
It. rare. Bord. Agen.

13. sambucifolia. Stem erect. All L.
pinnate. Lts. 4—5 pair, oblong or lanceolate,
dentato-serrate. Hr. hairless. Panicle thyr-
soid. Root with runners. Stem single. p.
6-8. Moist shade.

14. officinalis. Stem erect, furrowed.
Lts. 7-10 pair, lanceolate. Fr. hairless. Co-
rymb panicled. Root with creeping runners,
Stem single. p. 6-8. Moist banks and woods.

B. angustifolia. Lis. lineari-lanceolate, cili-

ate, obtuse.

15. exaltata. Stem erect, furrowed. Lis.
7-10 pair, lanceolate. Fr. hairless. Corymbs
panicled. Root with many stems and no—
runners. p. 7, 8. Moist woods. Ger. Hallstadt.

LV. DIPSACEA.

Flowers in a head, surrounded by an involucrum. Calyx double: outer closely attached to the

fruit ; Inner superior.
pendulous.
376. DIPSACUS.

1. fullonum. L. sessile, inciso-crenate.
Stem-L. connate, undivided. L. of Invol.
spreading, decurved at the tip. ales rigid,
obovate, recurved, equalling flower. b. 7. Hs-
capes.

2. sylvestris. L. sessile, crenato-serrate,
not setoso-ciliate: lowermost attenuate; up-
per connate, undivided. Invol. incurved. Pales
flexible, straight, exceeding flower. b. 7. Un-
cult.

B. pinnatifidus. Intermediate stem-L. pin-

natifid.

3. laciniatus. LL. sessile, setoso-ciliate :
lowermost lobato-crenate, attenuate; upper
pinnatifid, somewhat connate. Invol. incurved.
Pales flexible, straight, exceeding flower. b.
7, 8. Moist meadows and ditch-banks. m.
Europe.

Corolla of one petal, placed on the inner calyx.

Style 1. Seed 1,

4. ferox. Stem and L. everywhere very
prickly. Root-L. sinuate; middle pinnatifid ;
upper undivided. Invol. spreading. Pales
rigid, straight. Head of Fl. crested. b. 7.
Mountains. Cors. Sard.

5. pilosus. L. stalked, auricled at base.
Invol. deflexed, about as long as head. Pales
obovate, aristato-cuspidate, ciliate, straight.
b. 7, 8. Moist shady.

377. CHEPHALARIA.

1. transylvanica. Outer Cal. with 8,
acute, rigid teeth. Root-L. undivided. Stem-
L. pinnatipartite. Divisions lanceolate: the
terminal very large. L. of Invol. and Pales
ovato-lanceolate, acuminate, ciliate. a. 7.
Mountains. s. Kur. FI. radiant, dlwesh.

Outer Cal. with 8 short,
Stem-L.
Scales

2. joppensis.
equal teeth. Root-L. undivided.
pinnatipartite, serrate. Heads ovate.

DIPSACKHAL,

of Invol. broadly ovate and very obtuse.
Pales (very silky, DC.) obtuse, with a short
mucro. Cor. nearly regular. a. 6-8. Melds.
Calabria.

3. syriaca. Outer Cal. with 4 awned, and
4 very short teeth. lL. oblongo-lanceolate,

serrate. Pales with broad membranous base
and long awn. 7. regular, pale blue. a. 6,
7. Corn. Nismes. ;

4. alpina. Outer Cal. with 8, awned, nearly
equal teeth. L. pinnate. Lts. decurved, lan-
ceolate, unequally serrate. Anthers with green
stripe. p.7. Movntains. Alps. Apenn. of
Pistoja,

5. centaurioides. Teeth of outer Cal.
4-8, sometimes obsolete. L. pinnatifid. Divi-
sions decurrent, oblong, quite entire. Inner
Pales acuminate. 7. yed/ow. p. 6. Alps of
Provence.

6. leucantha. Outer Cal. with a many-
toothed, membranous crown. LL. pinnatipar-

tite. Divisions linear or oblong. Pales silky :
the inner acute. p. 7, 8. Uncult. adr. G.
It. s. Fr.

378. KNAUTIA.

1. hybrida. Inner Cal. with about 16
blunt teeth; outer with many distinct cusps.
Lower L. pinnatifid, lyrate, or undivided. a.
6, 7. Waste. Mat.

2. sylvatica. Inner Cal. with about 8
awned teeth; outer with many distinct callous
cusps. L. lanceolate or elliptico-lanceolate,
usually entire. p. 7, 8. Woody hills.
a. sylvatica, Kocu. Upper part of Stem
covered with short hairs, without glands,
and long hairs intermixed. m. and s.
Kurope.

8. longifolia, Kocu. Upper part of Stem
covered with short glandular hairs and
long hairs intermixed. e. Alps.

3. arvensis. Inner Cal. with about 8
awned teeth; outer with a few obscure blunt
teeth. p. 7, 8.

B. campestris, Bess. Cor. not radiant.

y. rigidiuscula, Kocu. Stem-L. pinnatifid,
smooth and shining; the first root-L. and
upper stem-L. undivided.

5. collina, Dusy. LL. all pinnate.
nearly naked. Prov.

e. integrifolia, LINN. LL. undivided. Can-
‘tal.

Stem

171

379. PTEROCEPHALUS.

1. palestinus. Silky. Outer Cal. with
a membranous, cup-like crown; inner with
8-10 feathers. Lower L. quite entire; others
lyrato-pinnate. a. 4,5. Stony hills. Lue.
and Cal. rare.

B. calabricus. All L. undivided.

2. plumosus. Pubescent. Crown of outer
Cal. obsolete; of inner of about twelve long
feathers. Lower L. undivided, serrate ; middle
lyrate ; upper pinnatifid. a. Florence.

380. SCABIOSA.

A. Corolla 5-cleft.

i. Furrows of outer Calyx not continued
to the base.

a. Sete of inner Calyx pectinato-ciliate.
Sp. l.

b. Sete not ciliate.
* Stem shrubby at base. Sp. 2-5.
** Root annual or biennial. Sp. 6-11.
ii. Outer Calyx furrowed to base.
a. Crown inflexed. Sp. 12-14.
b. Crown spreading, undivided.
* Stem-L. pinnatifid. Sp. 15-23.
** Stem-L. undivided. Sp. 24.
ce. Crown 4-lobed. Sp. 25.
B. Corolla 4-cleft. L. undivided. Sp. 26, 27.
A. Corolla 5-cleft.

i. Pits of Calyx not extending to the base.
a. Sete of inner Calyx pectinato-ciliate.
1. multiseta. Lower L. obovate or lyrate ;

upper pinnatifid. Margin entire. Cor. radi-
ate. a.5-7. Grassy. Istria.
b. Sete of inner Calyx not ciliate.
* Stem shrubby at base.
2. eretica. L. lanceolate, hoary, quite en-

tire. Crown obliquely truncate. Inner Cal.
sessile, Included. Fl. radiant. w. 5-7. Calc.
rocks. Cal. Sic.

3. graminifolia. L. linear, silky, quite
entire. Inner Cal. stalked. Setze 5, equal to
crown. Fl. radiant. p. w. 7.8. Rocky. Alps.
Mountains of Carrara.

4. limoniifolia. Stems of the year nearly
naked. lL. obovato-spatulate, quite entire, to-
mentose beneath. Fl. nearly similar. Pits of
Cal. small. Crown denticulate. Sete of inner
Cal. very exsert. w.6, 7. Cale. rocks. Monte
Cofani near Trapani.

172 380. SCABIOSA.

5: erenata. Lower L. lineari-cuneate, entire
or toothed at the top ; upper pinnatifid, toothed.
Sete of inner Cal. twice crown. Fl. radiant.
w. 6-8. Cale. rocks. Capri. Cal. Sic. DC.
puis this among the species whose fruit rs even
at the base. Bertloloni’s description would
have induced me to suppose the contrary.

** Root annual or biennial.

6. prolifera. Annual. Heads nearly ses-
sile in the forks of the stem! IL. nearly en-
tire. Setee of Cal. hardly equalling crown. Fl.
radiant. a. Sea-shore. Palermo. Not found
by Gussone.

7. stellata. Heads stalked. IL. incise or
somewhat lyrate: terminal division very large,
obovate, dentate. Inner Cal. stalked. Setee not
exsert. Fl. radiant. a. 5, 6. Dry fields. Prov.

8. monspeliensis. Heads stalked. Lower
L. undivided, dentate; middle pimnatifid, with
linear divisions; upper simple. Inner Cal.
stalked. Setee far exceeding crown. I'l. nearly
alike. a.b. 5,6. Dry fields. Prov. Sard.

9. argentea. “Hirsute, rough. Root-L.
narrow spatulate, cuneate; upper pinnatifid.
Segments linear, channeled, entire : uppermost
simple. Common Cal. about equal to head;
outer Cal. bearded at base. Pits large, about as
long as crown. Border acutely denticulate.
Setee three times as long as border. p. 6-9.
Italy.’ —Bert., whose description I follow,
as it includes the differences by which he dis-
tinguishes it from 5. ucranica. Malesherbes.
T find the common Cal. longer than Head.

10. eburnea. Hirsute. Root-L. narrow
spatulate; upper pinnatifid, with entire, lear
segments; uppermost simple. Involucre ex-
ceeding flowers. Fr. bearded at base, downy
above. Pits narrow, twice as long as crown.
Sete twice crown. b. p. 5,6. Shores. Be-
tween Croton and Ciro in Calabria.

1]. rutzefolia. Common Cal. of one L.!
in 5 segments. L. fleshy. Lower stem-L. pin-
natifid, segments linear, obtuse; uppermost
simple. Crown crenate. Setee twice crown,
sessile (sometimes wanting, Berr.). b. 6, 7.
Dry shores. w. It.

ii. Calyx furrowed to the base.

a. Teeth of crown incurved. Furrows at base
of calyx not strongly marked.

12. ambigua. Root-L. obovate, crenate.
Lower stem-L. lyrate, segments elongated ;
upper quite entire, lineari-spatulate. Branches
of Pan. very spreading. Heads on long stalks.
a.b.7. Rocky. s. Fr. It. oce.

13. atropurpurea. Root-L. lanceolato-
obovate. Lower stem-L. lyrate; upper pin-
natipartite, or with a few large teeth. Branches
of Pan. erecto-patent. a.b. 7,8. Dry hills
of coast. Cal. Sic.

14. maritima. All L. pinnatifid. Divi-
sions toothed or subdivided. Branches of Pan.
nearly erect. a. b. 6,7. Dry coasts. s. Fy.
Italy. Bert. unites these three.

b. Crown spreading, undivided.
strongly furrowed to the base.
In this division I have endeavoured to amal-
gamate the descriptions of Koch and Bertoloni,
but the plants vary so much in their foliage,
their involucres, and the proportional length
of the sete of the inner calyx, that I have little
confidence in the species. Pauciseta, with
some of the sete deficient, dwcida, with large
black setee, each with an evident margin, and
suaveolens, in which they are always short,
seem the most distinct from S. columbaria.

* Stem-L. pinnatifid.

15. ochroleuca. Crown half as long as
tube, one-third as long as setee, drown. Root-
L. lyrato - pinnatifid. Stem-L. pinnatipartite.
Divisions flat, linear (all acuminate, Brrr.).
Head of Fr. ovate, according to Koch, but I
do not find it so. p.b. 7, 8. Hills. G. and
s. Fr. oce.

Calyx

16. Columbaria. Crown half as long as
tube, half as long as setee. Root-L. crenate,
obtuse. Stem-L. pinnatipartite. Divisions flat,
nearly entire. Cor. radiant. (Head of Fr. glo-
bose, Kocu.) b. p. 6-9. Dry grassy.

17. pyrenaica. Crown equal to one-third
of tube, one-fourth of setee, cinereo-tomentose.
Root-L. crenate. Stem-L. bipinnatifid. Di-
visions linear, quite entire. Fl. radiant. p.
7, 8. Stony hills. s. Hur. According to
Koch, 8. pyrenaica of Bert.is not that of DC.

18. holosericea. Velvety. Crown equal
to one-third of tube, half of sete. Root-L.
crenate. Stem-L. pinnatifid. Divisions ovato-
lanceolate or lanceolate, acute. Fl. radiant. p.
7, 8. Mountains of Carrara. Pyr. Cal.

19. lucida. Crown equal to one-third of
tube, one-fifth of setee (which are broad at the
base and furnished with a midrib, Kocu). L.
shining. Root-L. crenate. Stem-L. pinnati-
partite, with linear, acute divisions. p. 8.
Grassy hills. Alps.

20. hladnickiana. “ Crown equal to one-
third or one-fourth of setee. Root-L. crenate.

DIPSACEA, 173

Stem-L. lyrate: terminal division very large,
ovate, acute, serrate. Uppermost L. pinnatifid :
divisions lanceolate, inciso-serrate ; the termi-
nal confluent. p. 8,9. Hid/s. Carniola. Is-
tria.’’—Kocu.

21. pauciseta. Crown equal to one-third
of tube and of sete. Sete 1-38, on a ring.
Root-L. coarsely dentate, lyrato-pinnatifid, hir-
sute. Stem-L. pinnatipartite. Divisions nar-
row. Fl. radiant. Head of Fr. globose. p.
6,7. Itelds. s. Fr. It. This ts the Gra-
muntia of some authors,—not of Linn., which
has a quadrifid corolla; tt 1s also the wniseta
of Save.

22. suaveolens. Crown equal to one-
fourth of tube and two-thirds of setee. Root-
L. quite entire. Stem-L. pinnatipartite, with
thick, linear, quite entire lobes. Fl. radiant.
Head of Fr. somewhat ovate. p. 7-9. Hills,
occ. Er. Ger.

23. vestina. “IL. of barren tufts spatu-
jato-cuneiform, quite entire. Stem-L. pinna-
tipartite: all the segments linear and quite

entire. Crown of outer Cal. undivided, cre-
nate. Sete four times as long as crown. p.
7, 8. Woods. xs. Tyrol.’”’—Koch.

** TT, undivided.

24. dichotoma.
equal to half tube.
lanceolate.
of the stem: the terminal stalked.
a. 5,6. Clayey fields. Sic.

Crown, including setze,
L. coarsely serrate: upper
Heads nearly sessile in the forks
Fl. alike.

ce. Crown divided to middle into four acu-

minate lobes.

25. silenifolia. (Shrubby, Brrr.) Lower
L. and those of barren shoots obovato-cuneate,
quite entire (with a single nerve and no veins,
Bert.); upper pinnatifid. Segments linear,
quite entire ; the terminal one very large. Sete
but little exceeding crown. p. (or w.) 7-9.
Rocky. Gottsche in Carniola. Abr. Umbria.

B. Corolla 4-cleft. L. simple. Flowers altke.

26. Succisa. Tube 4-edged. Crown and
setee very short. Stem-L. connate, lanceolate,
nearly entire. p.8,9. Grassy.

27. australis. Tube bottle-shaped. Crown
nearly, Teeth entirely wanting. Lower L.
somewhat auricled. Stem creeping at the base ?
Root not premorse. p. 8,9. s. e. G.

LVI. COMPOSIT A.

Flowers in a head; having in general the appearance of a single flower (the compound flower of

Linneeus), and surrounded by an Involucrum, or common calyx.

perior.
the tube.

Calyx 0, or forming a crest to the seed. Corolla of one petal.
Anthers united. Fruit a dry seed without albumen.

Separate flowers or florets su-
Filaments inserted in
The Tribes are explained in the

analysis of the ‘Genera in the Linnean class Syzgenesia.

Sub-order I. LIGULAT Al.
Tribe I. CATANANCHEA,
381. CATANANCHE.

1. ceerulea. L. villous, linear, sometimes
pinnatifid at base. Phyllaries ovate; the mid-
rib produced in a point. FU. blue. yp. 6-8.
Stony hills. s, Fr. It.

2. lutea. L. villous, lineari-lanceolate, 3-
nerved. Outer Phyllaries ovate, acute; inner
longer, acuminate. FZ. yellow. a. 5-7. Dry
fills. Briglo in Pdm. Common in Sicily.

Tribe Il. SCOLYMEZ.
382. SCOLYMUS. -

1. maculatus. Crest a crenate margin.

Stem completely winged by the decurrent L.
Fl. solitary, somewhat corymbose. a. 7, 8.
Dry borders. s. Fr. It.

2. hispanicus. Crest of 2 principal teeth.
Stem interruptedly winged. Fl. each with 2
bracts, disposed in a leafy spike. b. 7, 8. Dry.
s. Europe.

3. grandifiorus. Crest of 2 principal
teeth. Stem winged, somewhat villous, as well
as L. Fl. solitary, generally terminal. Bracts
2-4. p. 5,6. Dry. Rousillon. Collioure.
Port Vendre.

Tribe II]. LAPSANEA.
383. LAPSANA. -

1. communis. L. ovate, stalked, dentate.

174

Root-L. lyrate.
long as floret.

Cal. quite smooth, about as
a. 6,7. Cult. and uncult.

384. RHAGADIOLUS.

1. stellatus. Cal. very small. Outer Seeds
spreading ina star. Add seeds hairless.
B. edulis. ower L. lyrate. Cal. smooth.
Inner Seeds hairy. a. 5, 6. Cult. Coasts
of Mdt.

385. ARNOSERIS.

1. pusilla. Stalks leafless, swelling and
hollow at top. lL. obovate, dentate. a. 5, 6.
Gravel.

386. APOSERIS.

1. foetida. L. runcinato-pinnatipartite. Seg-
ments somewhat triangular ; the lower smaller.
Scape naked, one-flowered. p.6. Meadows.
s. Europe.

Tribe IV. HYOSERIDE.

3887. HEDYPNOIS.

1. eretica. Branched, diffuse, leafy. Hairs
simple or slightly forked at top. L. oblong,
dentate : lower attenuate; upper amplexicaul,
somewhat cordate. Stalks thickened and hol-
low below the flower. Seeds terete, striate.

B. tubeformis, Ten. L. and Fl.-stalks sub-
radical. a. 5, 6. Coasts of Mdt. Naples. Sic.

According to DC. we are to include under
this species Hyoserzs Hedypnois and rhaga-
dioloides of Linn., together with Hedypnois
monspelrensis, mauritanica, furfuracea, cre-
pidiformis, and globulifera of various authors.
Koch notices none of these names, but observes
that all the species of Hedypuois become H. cre-
tica in the Garden at Erlangen.

2. coronopifolia. Stem diffuse, smooth.
L. oblongo-spatulate, obtuse, deeply toothed,
hispid with tripartite hairs. Phyllaries some-
what hispid. FH l.-stalks thickened. Dry hills
and sandy shores. K. Nap.

3. polymorpha. Branched, diffuse. L.
dentate, attenuate, sessile. F.-stalks cylin-
drical. a. 5,6. Cult. Coasts of Mat.

4. pendula. Stem erect, panicled, hairless.
L. oblong, dentate, somewhat hispid, ciliate :
lower obovate, attenuate into a stalk. F.-
stalks thickened upwards. Fl. nodding before
flowering. a. Rous.

383. LAPSANA.

388. HYOSERIS.

1. seabra. Scapes thickened upward.
Phyll. 10, smooth, erect after flowering. FI.
all fertile. Seeds of the disc subulate. L. run-
cinato-pinnatipartite. Segments triangular,
dentate at top. a. 5, 6. Cult. Coasts of Mdt.

2. radiata. Scape terete. Phyll. spreading
after flowering. Intermediate Seeds obcom-
pressed : innermost unproductive, terete ; outer
involved in the phyllaries. Root-L. runcinato- —
pinnatipartite. Lts. with a few sharp teeth.
p. 5,6. Fields and barren. Coasts of Mat.
Not in Koch.

8. lucida. Scape hardly thickened upward.
Phyll. erect after flowering, with 5 outer scales.
All the seeds obcompressed and winged. p.-
11-5. Stony. Var. of radiata? Sie.

389. CICHORIUM.

1. Intybus. Fits. numerous. FI. 2 or 3
together, nearly sessile. Lower L. runcinate ;
upper lanceolate, on a broad, somewhat am-
plexicaul base.

B. divaricatum. One or two of the FI.
stalked. p.7,8. Borders. B. Toulon.

2. glabratum. [Flts. numerous. Fi. in
pairs: one sessile, and one on a long stalk.
Root-L. hairless except on the nerve. Stem-L.
very small. Outer Phyll. ovate, acute, some-
what ciliate, half as long asinner. p. 5, 6.
Hill pastures. Sic. Perhaps a var. of C. En-
divia.

3. spinosum. Fits. 6. Fl. in twos or
threes, axillary, sessile ; others solitary, termi-
nal. Stem dichotomous. Branches at last
pungent. p.4,5. Dry stony shores. Sic.

390. TOLPIS.

A. Outer seeds crowned with short chaff;
inner with also 2-4 long shafts.

1. barbata. Stem branched, leafy. L. lan-
ceolate, dentate. Outer Phyll. exceeding the
inner. a. 6,7. Melds and barren. s. Kur.

2. umbellata. Stem branched, nearly
naked. L. oblongo-linear, dentate: the upper-
most entire. Outer Phyll. not exceeding the
inner. a. b. 6, 7. Fields and dry. s. Fr. It.

B. All the seeds crowned with unequal
shafts.
3. grandiflora. Stem nearly naked. Root-
L. lanceolate, dentate, hairy, villous at the base.
Phyll. squarrose, mealy: outer short. Shafts

COMPOSITZ. 175

of Crest 4-10. b. 5,6. Pastures and bor-

ders. K. Naples. Sic.

4, altissima. Stem branched. _L. lineari-
lanceolate, dentate: uppermost entire. Stalks
and Phyll. mealy. Shafts of Crest 6-10. a. b.
6, 7. Olive-grounds and sandy. Fréjus.
Toulon. Isl. of Hyéres. Lig. Cors.

B. sexaristata. Bracts and outer Phyl. very

short. Shafts 4-6.

5. quadriaristata. Root-L. oblongo-lan-
ceolate, dentate or pinnatifid. Stem-L. linear,
nearly entire. Outer Phyll. erect, as long as
inner. Shafts of Crest rarely morethan 4. p.
5,6. Barren hills. Sic.—Guss.

Tribe V. HYPOCHARIDEL.
391. HYPOCHARIS.

1. glabra. Outer Phyll. obtuse; inner
acuminate, equalling florets. Stem branched.
L. runcinate or sinuato-dentate. Root simple.
a. 6-8. Dry banks.

a. Outer Seeds truncate; inner beaked.

B. arachnoidea. No Beaks to seeds.
y. Balbisw. All Seeds beaked.

2. neapolitana. Outer Phyll. obtuse ; in-
ner acuminate, equalling florets. Stem branched.
L. sinuato-dentate, ciliate. Root fascicled. p. ?
7, 8. Sandy thickets. Nap. Mtp. Common
zn Sicily.

3. radicata. All Phyll. acuminate, falling
short of florets. L. runcinate. Stem branched,
sealy at top. b. 5-7. Pastures and waste.
Not in Sicily.

392. ACHYROPHORUS.

1. pinnatifidus. Root-L. pinnatifid. Lobes
lineari-lanceolate, cuspidate, nearly entire.
Stem nearly naked. Mountain meadows. K.
Nap. Cors.

2. maculatus. Root-L. ovali-oblong, un-
divided. Stem with 1 L. and 1 or 2 flowers.
Bracts few, opposite, spreading. Phyll. with
rigid hairs and an entire margin. p. 6, 7.
Rough pastures, oce.

3. helveticus. Root-L. oblongo-lanceolate,
dentate, hirsute. Stem with 1 or 2 L. and 1
flower. Phyll. lacerato-fimbriate. pp. 6, 7.
Mountain meadows. Alps. G.

393. METABASIS.-

|. setmensis. Stem branched. Root-L.

obovate, undivided, hairy. Stem-L. few, small,
oblong or linear, quite entire. Phyll. hairy on
the back. a. 6,7. Cult. and uncult. Coasts
of Mdt.

2. eretensis. Stem sparingly branched.
Root-L. runcinate, hairy on both sides. Stem-
L. few, linear, quite entire. Phyll. bristly. p.
5, 6. Borders. Palermo. Sard.

394. SERIOLA.

1. leevigata. Smooth. Stem somewhat
branched. Root-L. obovato-oblong, dentate,
somewhat acute, attenuate. External Phyll.
small, linear.

8. glauca. Phyll. with white rigid bristles

on the back.

y. albicans. Phyll. with black hairs on the

back. p. 4-6. Rocks. Sic.

2. depressa. Hispid. L. obovate, dentate
or dentato-runcinate. Stem branched, de-
pressed. Phyll. with pungent bristles. s. Cors.
Sardinia.

395. ROBERTIA.

l. taraxacoides. Smooth. Root-L. run-
cinato-pinnatifid. Lobes entire. Scapes seve-
ral, naked, one-flowered. p. 7, 8. Rocky. Cors.
Sard. Atna.

Tribe VI. TRAGOPOGONEZ.
396. UROSPERMUM.

l. Dalechampii. IL. runcinato-dentate.
Phyll. velvety. b. 6,7. Fields and vineyards.
Su kieawlitis

2. picroides. L. runcinate, dentate: those
on the stem auriculato-sagittate. Phyll. bristly.
a. 6, 7. Melds, vineyards, uncult. s. Fr. It.

B. asperum. Usually one-flowered. Upper L.
nearly entire. Mtp.

397. GEROPOGON.

1. glaber. Stem nearly simple. L. long,
semiamplexicaul. [7. purple. a. 6, 7. Fields.
Nice. Sard. Sic.

398. TRAGOPOGON.

A. Stalk enlarged and hallow at top.

1. porrifolius. Smooth. L. lineari-subulate
on an expanded base. Phyll. about 8, nearly
twice as long as florets, which are rounded at
the ends. Fl. flat, purpte. a.6,7. Mea-
dows, occasionally.

176 398. TRAGOPOGON.

2. SCupani. “Smooth. (Axils of L. woolly,
Guss.) lL. expanded at the base in a broad,
concave sheath, linear, acuminate, quite entire.
Phyll. about 8, exceeding purpurascent florets.
a. or b.? 4. Monte Capoto near Palermo.”
—DC.

2

3. major. Smooth. L. lineari-subulate on
an expanded base. Phyll. 12-15, exceeding
the florets, which are rounded at top. Fl. con-
cave, yellow. b. 5, 6. Fields and vineyards.

4. eriospermus. Smooth. L. striate,
broadly linear. Phyll. about 10, about as long
as florets, which are denticulate at top. Beak
of Seeds woolly at top (this is the case with
most of the species, J. W.). b. Moist pas-
tures. Agnano and Tavoliere, Nap.

5. hirsutus. Somewhat hirsute. L. lan-
ceolato-linear, acuminate. Phyll. 12, falling
short of florets. Seeds spinulose at top, about
as long as beak, yellow. b. Grassy hills.
Prov. Lang.

B. Stalk nearly cylindrical.

6. ecrocifelius. Smooth. L. lineari-subu-
late. Phyll. 5-8, exceeding florets. Seeds
with acute angles, squamoso-muricate from the
base. Mts. dark purple, with yellow tips.
b. 7, 8. Mountain pastures. Great St. Ber-
nard.

B. nebrodensis. Phyll. hardly exceeding
florets. Sic.

L. flaccid, lineari-subulate, on
Phyll. about, 8, twice as
b. 5-7. Meadows.

8. angustifolius. Smooth. IL. linear,
very narrow, hardly cr not at all expanded at
base. Phyll. about 8, exceeding florets. a.
Nice. Apenn.

7. minor.
an expanded base.
long as florets, ye//ow.

9. floccosus. Cottony. LL. lineari-subu-
late, channeled, quite entire. Phyll. falling
short of florets. Marginal Seeds smooth at
base, squamelloso-muricate almost to the top
of the very short beak. b. 6, 7. Grassy.
Pomerania.

10. pratensis. Smooth. L. somewhat
keeled and undulate, twisted at top. Phyll. 8,
equalling the truncate, yed/ow florets. Margi-
nal Seeds rough with tubercles, as long as fili-
form beak. b. 5,6. Meadows.

11. orientalis. Smooth. L. undulate and
twisted at top. Phyll. 8, transversely im-
pressed above the base, shorter than florets.
Marginal Seeds squamoso - muricate, about

| twice as long as filiform beak.

b. 5-7.
Rheinthal. Silesia. Sax.

Fer-
tile meadows.

Tribe VII. LHONTODONTEA.
399. LEONTODON.

I have preferred Koch’s deseriptions and
arrangements to those of De Candolle. Both
rest on the existence and nature of an outer
row of shafts, which are not feathered; but
the distinction is not very clear, as these outer
shafts do not always form a complete row.
Incanus, Berinit, crispus, and sazxatilis, are
said by DC. to have such an outer row; but
Koch places them in the division where there
is no such row.

A. Crest with some short, rough, not fea-
thered outer Shafts.

i. Root premorse. Crest white.
flowered.

l. Taraxaci. Scape with I or 2 scales,
thickened upwards, covered at top, as well as

Scape 1-

the calyx, with black hairs. p.7, 8. Very
high pastures. Alps.
ii. Root premorse, with stout Fibres. Crest

dirty.

2. pyrenaicus. Scape scaly, thickened
upwards. Fl.-buds nodding. L. repando-den-
ticulate, or toothed. Hairs simple. Inner
Shafts on a linear, serrulate base. p. 7, 8.
Mountain pastures.

B. croceus, H=NKE. Fl. saffron,
y. croceus, WiLLD. Inner L. pinnatifid.

3. hastilis. Scape naked or with 1 or 2
scales, thickened upwards. L. oblongo-lanceo-
late, attenuate, toothed, smuate or pinnatifid.
Hairs forked. Inner Shafts on a broader ser-
rulate base. p. 6-9. Meadows and pastures.

B. jispidus. The most common form.

y. siculus. I. densely hairy. Scape and
Cal. nearly smooth. Sic.

5. hyoseridifolius. UL. divided to midrib.
Segments linear.

e. dubius. i. obovato-lanceolate.
without scales.

Scape

4. Iucidus. “Quite hairless. Scape some-
what scaly. L. oblongo-cuneate, lyrato-pinna-
tifid. Phyll. lanceolate. Margin somewhat
scariose. Seeds muricate. p. 7. Sarzana.
Kuganean Hills.” —DC.

COMPOSITA.

iii. Root vertical, simple.

5. tenuiflorus. Scape naked or with 1—
2 scales, thickened under the flowers. FL.-
buds nodding. L. lineari-lanceolate, repando-
denticulate. Hairs forked. p. 6. Hill of St.
Salvador at Lugano. Canton of Tessin.

B. All the Shafts feathered.
i. Root vertical, nearly simple.

6. Berinii. ‘Scape 1—3-flowered, with a
L. at each branch, somewhat scaly, thickened
at flowers. Hl.-buds nodding. IL. oblongo-
lanceolate attenuate, rough, with a mealy pu-
bescence. Hairs 3—4-cleft. Inner Shafts with
a broader, serrulate base. p. 7, 8. Gravel of
the Isonzo.”—Kocu.

7. incanus. Scape 1-flowered, thickened
under flowers, naked, or with 1—2 acuminate
seales. L. oblongo-lanceolate, somewhat den-
ticulate, hoary on both sides with a short stel-
late pubescence. Inner Shafts with a broader
serrulate base. (Recept. downy, GauD.) p. 7.
Mountain meadows and vocky hills. e. Alps.
France.

8. erispus. Scape 1-flowered, naked or
with 1~2 scales, hardly thickened upwards.
Hl.-buds noddmg. IL. pinnatipartite, rough
with rigid, forked hairs. Seeds with a short
beak, regularly tubercled, shorter than crest.
Outer Shafts shorter ; all feathered from base.
p-. 7, 8. Open rocky. Germatten. On the
Fliielen, Canton of Tessin. w. Alps.

9. saxatilis. Scape 1-flowered, hardly
scaly, thickened at the top. I'l.-buds nodding.
L. lanceolate, attenuate, sinuate or pinnatifido-
dentate. Hairs 3-cleft, rigid. Phyll. hairy on
the back. Tube of Fl. equal to blade. Beak
of Seeds muricate, twice as long as crest. All
the Shafts feathered from the base. p. 6, 7.
Open calc. mountains. ady. G. Moutp, Cor-
sica. Capri.

10. asper. “ Hoary with rigid, 3-pronged
hairs. Scape usually 1-flowered. LL. sinuato-
dentate or runcinato-pinnatifid. Phyll. with
simple hairs. Seeds hispid. p.7, 8. Calc.
Mills. Westph. Sw.’—Rcus. Pyr. Sic.?

ll. biscutellifolius. “Scape 1—2-flow-
ered, striate, somewhat strigillose. LL. oblong,
attenuate, pinnatifid. Divisions very narrow,
toothed, acute. Hairs simple and forked. All
the Phyll. linear, acuminate, ciliate and hairy
on the back; outer recurved at top. Seeds
finely muricate. p. Dry pastures. Apenn.

2A

iia

of Rome and Naples.’—DC. J do not know
whether the root is premorse.

ii. Root premorse.

12. Villarsii. Root scaly. Scape 1-flow-
ered, nearly hairless. L. lineari-spatulate,
pinnatipartite. Segments nearly triangular.
Hairs simple, rigid. Phyll. acuminate. Seeds
nearly smooth. p. 6,7. Open stony. s. Vr.
Piedmont.

13. Rosani. “Scape naked, 1-flowered,
hispid near the flowers. LL. runcinato-pinna-
tifid, hispid with glochidiate hairs. Lobes very
remote, terminal, hastato-triangular. Rosano,
Ischia. Differs from L. Villarsii by tts glochi-
diate hairs.’—TeEn.; but DC. says the hairs
are simple.

14, autumnalis. LL. pinnatifido-dentate.
Scapes scaly at top, erect before flowering,
branched. Seeds with rugulose stripes. Crest
dirty. p. 7-9. Meadows, Se.

B. pratensis (Apargia Taraxaci of Sm., if

one-flowered). Cal. and Stalks densely
covered with dark hairs.

400. MILLINA.

1. leontedontoides. Scape simple. L.
elliptical, runcinato-dentate at base. Beak
about as long as seed. Shafts of the Crest
not dilated at the base. p. 5, 6. High woods
and pastures. Monte Gargano. Madonie.
Aitna.

401. THRINCIA.

A. Inner Seeds hardly beaked ; outer not
at all so.

1. hirta. Root somewhat preemorse, with
strong fibres. lL. lanceolate, sinuato-dentate.
Hairs simple or slightly forked. Accessory
Seales 10-12. p.7, 8. Dry borders.

2. hispida. Root fusiform, without strong
fibres. Hairs 2-3-forked. a. 6, 7. Stony or
sandy. oce.

B. All Seeds beaked ; inner most so.

Root grumoso-fasciculate.
Mea-

3. tuberosa.
L. runcinate. Hairs forked. pp. 5, 6.
dows on Coasts of Mat.

402. KALBFUSSIA.

1. Mfulleri. L. nearly entire or somewhat
incise. Divisions obtuse. Phyll >with a fur-
furaceo-pubescent margin. Seeds of centre

178 402. KALBFUSSTA.

twice as long as those of circumference. a.
4,5. Sandy pastures. Sard. Catania.

Tribe VIII. PICRIDEA.
403. PICRIS.

1. hieracioides. Hispid with bristles and
hairs forked at top. L. oblongo-lanceolate,
sinuato-dentate: the upper somewhat amplexi-
caul. Phyll. bristly on the back, smoothened
on the margin. p. 7,8. Uncult.

B. crepoides, SautER. Upper L. with long

acumen. Sty. Vosges.

y. ruderalis, BESSER. Outer Phyll. much
broader. Boh.

3. paleacea, Vest. FI. subumbellate. Sty.
e. scaberrima, Guss. Cal. mealy. Calabria.

¢. spinulosa, Guss. Keel of Phyll. spinous.
Sic.

2. hispidissima. Stem corymbose. L.
lanceolate, sinuato-dentate. Stem-L. cordate
at base and somewhat amplexicaul: upper-
most entire. Outer Phyll. setoso-ciliate,
spreading. Seeds transversely wrinkled. b.
6, 7. Sandy shores. I. of Veghia.

3. paucifiora. Somewhat glancous. Stem
slightly branched. L. lanceolate, dentate :
lower attenuate ; upper aurito-sagittate. Fl.-
stalks long, naked. Outer Phyll. few, lineari-
setaceous, short, spreading ; inner concave, to-
rulose. a. 7,8. Open uncult. s. Fr. It.

4. sprengeriana. “Green. Stem much
branched. L. lanceolate, dentate : lower attenu-
ate ; upper aurito-sagittate, sessile. Fl.-stalks
terete. Outer Phyll. short, lineari-setaceous,
spreading ; inner concave, torulose. a. Rough.
Narb. Nice.’-—DC. Seems to differ from
Sp. 3 only wm colour and im being more
branched.

5. integrifolia. ‘‘ Stem erect, branched.
L. entire; lower obovato-oblong, attenuate
into stalk. Stem-L. cordate at base, semi-
amplexicaul, acuminate. F'l.-stalks spreading,
without bracts. Phyll. very hispid: the outer
spreading. a. Hur.’—DC.

404. HELMINTHIA.

l. echioides. Erect, hispid. Outer Phyll.
cordate. a. 6,7. elds and uncult.

2. spinosa. Erect, hispid, corymbose.
Outer Phyll. 3, lanceolate, spreading, shorter
than inner, a. 7. Pyr. Not found lately.

3. humifusa. “ Stem erect or prostrate,
nearly smooth. I. strigose. Root- and lower
L. oblongo-obovate, entire or sinuato-pinna-
tifid ; wpper oblongo-lanceolate, entire, amplexi-
caul. Outer Phyll. ovate, ciliato-spinose, half
as long as inner. Seeds smooth. p. 4-8.
Dry fields. Sic.”’—Guss.

4. aculeata. “ Rough with forked bristles
and prickles. L. oblongo-lanceolate, unequal,
repando-dentate. Stem-L. few, amplexicaul.
Fl. in a corymb. Stalks thickened upwards.
Phyll. linear on an ovate base : outer lanceolate,
finely acuminate. Seeds transversely muricate
at top. Crest white, on a long stalk. p. 5,
6. Cale. hills. Sic.” —Guss.

Tribe IX. SCORZONERE.
405. PODOSPERMUM.

A. L. divided.

1. ealcitrapifolium. L. pinnatifid: seg-
ments elliptico-lanceolate, obtuse. (L. pinnate :
segments oval or oblong, DC.) Phyll. point-
less. No barren shoots. b.or p. 6. Cale.
hills. Alsace.

B. decumbens. Phyll. not bearded at top.
Sicily.

2. Tenorii. “Stem erect, branched. L. pin-
natipartite. Segments lineari-lanceolate, quite
entire. Phyll. nearly smooth, but with an
internal beard at the tip. b. p. Clayey hills.
Luc. Cal. Flowers twice as large as in P.
jacquinianum, and the Calyx not angular.”
—DC.

3. jacquinianum. Root many-headed,
producing, besides the stem, barren tufts of
L. Segments of L. few, linear, acuminate.
Marginal Flts. twice as long as acuminate
phyllaries. p. 6-8. Waste. lower Aust. Mor.
Lue. Cal. Sie.

4. intermedium. “Smooth, erect, branch-
ed. L. pinnate. Segments oblongo-linear,
acute, entire; uppermost longer, confluent
with the next. Phyll. pointless. p. Meadows.
Alby. Briancon. Agen. Tende. Sic.”—DC.

5. laciniatum. Root simple. No barren
tufts of L. Stem erect, branched. Branches in
the living plant terete. L. pimnatifid. Divi-
sions linear, acuminate, entire. Phyll. some-
what uncinate at top, nearly as long as mar-
ginal florets. b. 5-7. Melds, meadows, Sc
-s. and m, Hur,

COMPOSITA, 179

B. muricatum. Stem muricate. Some of L.
undivided. s. Fr.
y. subulatum. WL. lineari-subulate. s. Fr.

B. All L. linear, quite entire.

6. callosum. Stems numerous, naked at
top, 1-flowered. L. flat, nerved, callous at the
tip. Phyll. acuminate, skinny on margin:
the outer somewhat woolly at the back; the
inner smooth. Seeds smooth. p. Dry calc.
pastures, Arcidano and Oliastra in Sard.

7. Columnee. Stems numerous, naked at
top, 1-flowered. L. linear, carinate, somewhat
woolly. Phyll. acuminate, smooth. Seeds mu-
ricate, attenuate. p.5,6. Dry cale. hills.
Cal. Sie. Sard. According to Guss., this has
not the seeds of Podospermum.

406. SCORZONERA.

A. Seeds hairless.
i. Flowers purple.

1. deliciosa. “Root tuberous, oblong.
Stem simple, or branched quite at the base.
Fl. solitary. L. flat, linear, acuminate, mealy
and somewhat cottony at the base. Phyll.
quite smooth: the external elliptico-lanceolate,
somewhat acute, adpressed. p. Mountain pas-
tures. Near Palermo. Certainly different from
S. purpurea.”’—DC,

2. purpurea. Root cylindrico-fusiform,
with a stringy coma. Stem 2—5-flowered. L.
channeled, somewhat 3-edged, lneari-subulate.
Cal. cylindrical. Outer Phyll. ovato-lanceo-
late, not ciliate. Seeds marked with smooth
stripes. p. 5,6. Grassy calc. hills. G. oce.

Root cylindrico-fusiform, with
a stringy coma. Stem usually 1-flowered.
Root-L. flat, lineari-lanceolate. Stem-L. few,
linear, keeled. Cal. cylindrical, webbed at the
base. Outer Phyll. ovato-lanceolate. Stripes
of Seeds roughened with small teeth. p. 7.
Mountain meadows. Carn.Mts. of Trent. Apen.

3. rosea.

4, trachysperma. “Smooth. Stem simple
or merely branched at base. Fl. solitary. L.
linear, acuminate, striate, quite entire. Cal.
cylindrical. Phyll. tiled, acute. Seeds tuber-
culato-serrulate. p. Meadows. Calabria.”
—DC. Seems to be a var. of 8. rosea.

ii. Flowers yellow.

5. angustifolia. ‘“ Root cylindrical, naked
at crown. Stem 1-flowered, thickened upwards,
covered with linear scales. Lower’L. sessile,
linear, somewhat 3-nerved. Cal. ovali-oblong.

Phyll. long lanceolate. Seeds striate, smooth.
p. Sandy hills. s. and e. Fr. Sw. n. Italy.”
—DC.

6. aristata. Root cylindrical, nearly naked
at crown. Stem naked, 1-flowered. L. lineari-
lanceolate, very long, 3—5-nerved, quite entire,
webby at the base. Cal. ovate. External Phyll.
lineari-subulate on an ovato-lanceolate base,
often as long as inner. Seeds transversely pli-
cato-tuberculate. p. 7. Mountain meadows.
Pyr. Carinthia. Carn.

7. tenuifolia. “Crown naked. Root-L.
narrow linear, quite entire. Stem with very
few L. and 1 flower. Cal. ovato-oblong. Hx-
ternal Phyll. acuminate; inner acute. Seeds
muricate on angles. p. Mountain meadows.
Monte Bego and Bussolino in Pdm.”—DC.

8. hispanica. Root cylindrical. Coma
scaly. Stem branched, leafy, somewhat woolly.
Root-L. oblong or lanceolate, acuminate, undu-
late or somewhat denticulate. Phyll. all acute.
Marginal Seeds muriculate. p. 6,7. (fzch
meadows. Ger.—KocH.)

B. glastifolia. L. ovali-lanceolate, amplexi-
caul, flat.

y. montana. Stalk and L. woolly.

9. humilis. Root with a scaly (fibrous,
DC.) coma. Root-L. oblongo-lanceolate or
linear. Stem woolly, with 2-38 linear L., and
1-8 flowers. Phyll. half as long as florets,
ovato-lanceolate, acuminate, obtuse. Seeds with
smooth stripes. p. 5,6. Mozst meadows.

B. plantaginea. LL. elliptico-lanceolate, 5-
nerved.

y. macrorlaza. Root large. Crown naked.

10. austriaca. Root with a strmgy coma.
Root-L. oblongo-lanceolate or linear. Stem-L.
2 or 8, small. Stem 1-flowered. Phyl. acu-
minate, but with a broad and blunt extremity.
Seeds smooth. p.4,5. Rocky hills. s.e.
Ger. s. Sw.

11. parviflora. Root many-headed. Coma
0, or of a few scales. Stem 1—4-flowered.
Root-L. lineari-lanceolate, acute. Stem-L.
few, linear. Outer Phyll. equalling florets,
ovate; inner lanceolate. Seeds with smooth
stripes. p. 5-7. Moist meadows. s. e. G.
Shores of Mdt. Fr.

B. Seeds villous.

12. hirsuta. Stem 1-flowered: upper
part nearly naked. L. linear, keeled, some-
what hairy. Phyll. acuminate, hairless, with

2A 2

180 406. SCORZONERA.

a somewhat scariose margin. p. Dry hills.
mdt. Fr. Pdm. K. Nap. Sic.

407. GALASIA.

1. villosa. Villous. Stem somewhat branched.
L. linear, keeled. Phyll. finely acuminate : the
inner smooth. Seeds smooth. Crest of the
inner Seeds woolly at base. b. p. Warm rocky.
Trieste. Fiume.

Tribe X. HIHRACEA.

408. ANDRYALA.
A. Receptacle entirely without chaff.

1. ragusina. Velvety, hoary or reddish,
much branched. Lower L. lyrato-pinnatifid ;
middle acutely dentate; upper quite entire.
Fl. on long stalks, in alax panicle. Phyll.
lineari-subulate, convex on the back. p.

B. lyrata. Middle L. obtusely toothed.
Sandy river-beds. Narbonne. Rousillon.

y. incana. Lower L. dentate; nearly all
the rest quite entire, very acute. Fl.
small. Gistain in the Pyr.

2. tenuifolia. Hoary, velvety. L. lan-
ceolate, somewhat dentate, acuminate. Fl.
racemoso-corymbose. Phyll. bearing hairs
black at top, as well as the ‘soft down, nearly
as long as florets. a.5, 6. Sandy shores.
Pal. and between Agosta and Syracuse.

3. cossyrensis. “Green, and finely to-
mentose. Stem much branched from the base.
Root-L. in a rosette. Lower Stem-L. lyrato-
pinnatifid ; upper lmear, acuminate, entire.
Fl. somewhat corymbose. Cal. and Stalks
finely tomentose, and furnished with glandular
bristles. Flts. twice as long as phyllaries. a.
4,5. Voleanic hills. Pantellaria.’—Guss.

4. dentata. “ Softly hoary. Stem erect,
simple at base. Root-L. oblongo-lanccolate,
dentato-sinuate, somewhat undulate. Stem-L.
sessile, lanceolate. Fl. in an exact corymb.
Cal. and Stalks with loose cotton and glandular
bristles. ts. twice as long as phyllaries. a.
5,6. Sandy. Sic.”—Guss.

B. Pellucid Chaff on the margin of the re-
ceptacle.

5. sinuata. Smooth below, velvety above,
with a mixture of glandular hairs on calyx and
stalk. Stem somewhat branched, corymbose.
Lower and middle L. pinnatipartite : segments

linear. Upper L. linear, undivided. b. 6, 7.
Hills. s. By.

6. integrifolia. Velvety and more or less
canescenti-tomentose, with a mixture of glan-
dular hairs on calyx and stalk. Stem erect, co-
rymbose. Lower L. oblong, entire, dentate or
somewhat runcinate; upper entire, semiam-.-
plexicaul. b. 6, 7. elds and barren. s.
and m. Kur. I¢ varies in the shape of the L.

B. undulata, Guss. No short glandular hairs
on calyx and stalk. L. sinuato-dentate.

409. HIERACIUM.

It seems impossible to give an analysis of
the European part of this genus, without such
a reduction of the number of species as would
only be justifiable in a monograph of the whole.
I could have wished to follow De Candolle, as
the number of species is exceedingly deficient
in any local author; but the grounds on which
he has formed his subdivisions are totally
untenable. I have therefore taken my divisions
from Koch, as in many other cases, though not
here quite satisfactory, and inserted the addi-
tional species as well as I could; taking care,
in all cases where I was unable to insert the
species with certainty in their proper places, to
give the whole phrase of the author from whom
I adopted them, that my reader might have all
the means of judging which I myself possessed.
I am afraid at last it will be found but a crude
mass; but it has not been for want of time or
pains spent on the subject. The hairs of Hier-
acium are of four sorts. 1. Strong, rough
hairs, more or less swelled and coloured at the
base; less coloured on the leaves and lower
part of the stem than on the upper, where they
are frequently all dark, and where the smaller
ones are sometimes tipped with a gland, and
thus passing into the next form. These strong
hairs often split at the summit into two or
three points. They appear to be round, and
therefore are not properly strigee, which are
flattened hairs approaching to the nature of
scales. 2. Short, fine hairs, each tipped with
a gland, and not enlarged at the base. 3. A
stellate pubescence, occurring chiefly on the
under side of the L. (especially among the Pi-
loselle) and about the inflorescence. This is
sometimes very fine, and loosens itself, when it
is called mealy, or floccose. 4. Flexuose bristles,
each joint prolonged into a point or some-
times into a hair, giving a feathered appearance
to each bristle.

A. PILOSELLm@.

A natural group, the members of which are

COMPOSITA. 181

easily recognized but not easily defined, as all
the divisions with permanent root-L. contain
species in which the stem might be thought
scape-like. This is the only division in which
we find runners. The L. in most of the species
are furnished with a stellate pubescence, which
does not extend to the upper surface, while the
strong rough hairs are more abundant on the
upper surface. The colow is greyish, and
some which are described as green are rather
comparatively than absolutely so.

i. Stalks one-flowered.

1. Pilosella. L. obovato-elliptic, quite en-
tire, white with stellate pubescence beneath.

a. Phyl. all lanceolate or linear, acute.
Roots slender, single-headed. | Runners
long. p. 5-7. Dry meadows and pastures.

B. peleterianum, DC., differs from a in hav-
ing a stout Root, branching upwards, and
Runners short or 0. p. 5,6. Rocky.
Rhine. Orme’s Head.

y. tenoreanum, DC. Cal. covered with
brown wool. Mountain meadows. Luce.
Monte Majella.

. piloselliforme, DC. Outer Phyl. ovate,
obtuse. Alps. Does not well bear a
German winter, and is perhaps a distinct
species.—Kocu.

e. macranthum, TEN.

bordered.

It appears that in this species the runners
sometimes produce stalks with more than one
fiower, but these are very rare. ‘The central
Stalk is always one-flowered.

=7]

Outer Phyll. not

ii. Stem forked. Branches erect, each bear-

ing a solitary flower.

2. stolonifioram (flagellare, DU.). Stem
with about 1 L. L. cano-floccose beneath. Cal.
of Fr. ventricose, having nearly a globose base.
p. 5-7. Hill pastures. Boh. Hamb.

3. bifurcum (including Jrachiatum). Stem
about l-leaved. LL. somewhat coriaceous, to-
mentose beneath. Cal. of Fr. ovato-conical.
p. 5-7. Open hills. G. oce. Als.

4, furcatum (including spherocephalum).
Stem naked or with 1 L. LL. cano-floccose be-
neath: the outer obovate; inner lanceolate.
Cal. of Fr. globose. p. 7, 8. Very high pas-

tures. Alps.
B. alpicola. Stem very hirsute. Cal. co-
vered with black wool. p. 7,8. Monte

Moro. Monte Legnone.

ii. Stem single, naked or with a single L.
Flowers 2-5, crowded into a head.

5. breviscapum. L. covered on both sides
with a stellate pubescence and strong hairs:
inner lanceolate ; outer obovate, hairless. Run-
ners short or 0. p. 7, 8. Very high. On the
Fouly in Sw. Val d’Hynes, Pyr.

6. angustifolium. L. green, lineari-lan-
ceolate, smooth or furnished with stellate pu-
bescence on margin and midrib, and with scat-
tered bristles. Runners short or 0. p. 7, 8.
High pastures. Alps. Pyr. H. Auricula, Sm.

7. &iuricula. L. without stellate pubes-

cence. Runners long, very rarely bearing a
forked scape. p. 6-9. Meadows and moun-
tains.

iv. Stem simple, leafy at the base. Flowers

crowded.

8. sabinum. Stem and L. covered with
stellate pubescence and with long hairs. L.
green, Hl. 20-30. p. 6-8. High pastures.
Sw. s. G.

9. aurantiacum. No stellate pubescence.
Stem covered with slender hairs, and also with
black hairs in the upper part. L. grass-green,
obovato-lanceolate. F7. deep orange. p. or b.
6,7. High pastures, occ. w. Hur.

B. luteum. Fl. three times as large as in

HI, sabinum.

y. bicolor. Inner Fits. yellow ; outer orange.
Fl. 2-5.

3. fuscum. Stem nearly leafless. LL. glau-
cous. Fl, 1-2.

10. pratense. Little or no stellate pu-
bescence. Stem with a few L, at base, covered
with long, slender hairs, and also with black
and glandular hairs in the corymb. IL. some-
what glaucous, oblongo-lanceolate. 7. much
smaller and much more numerous than in H.
aurantiacum (40-100). p. 6-8. Boggy hill
meadows. wn. G. and on the Rhine. It.

v. Stem terminating in a corymb of 20-100
flowers.
a. Stem-L. 1-3, or wanting.

11. piloselloides. Stem hairless. Co-
rymb somewhat panicled, hairless or with only
a few scattered hairs. L. narrow lanceolate,
without stellate pubescence. Branches of Co-
rymb curved upward when in fruit. p. 6, 7.
Rocky hills and gravel of torrents. s. Alps.

12. preealtum. Stem nearly or quite hair-
less below. Corymb with stellate and bristly

182

hairs. Branches straight when in fruit. L.
lanceolate, sometimes with a stellate pubes-
cence beneath. p. 6,7. Dry meadows and
barren hills. m. ands. Eur.
a. florentinum, WiLLD. No barren runners.
L. with strong hairs on margin and midrib.
B- fallax, DC. Nobarrenrunners. L. co-
vered on upper surface with strong hairs.
Stem nearly smooth.

y. fallax, Wiuup. No barren runners. L.
covered on upper face with strong hairs.
Stem covered with stellate hairs.

- Bauhini, Scuutr. Long barren run-
ners. L. with strong hairs on margin and
midrib. Without L. on stem, this ts the
melachetum of Tausch ; with two or three
leaves, it is the radiocaule.

. fallax, Kocu. Long barren runners.
Upper face of L. covered with strong
hairs. Stem nearly smooth.

piloselloides, WALLR. As the last, except
that the stem is covered with a stellate
pubescence. Glaucescens, BuSS., is also
probably a var. of prealtum.

b. Stem-L. 3-6.

18. Westleri. Stem with simple and stel-
late hairs. L. oblongo-lanceolate, with stellate
pubescence on both sides, and short bristles :
inner acute. Fl.-stalks fascicled. p. 6, 7.
Rocky hills. e. G.

14. cymosum. “Norunners. Scape few-
leaved, bristly at base, tomentose and with
glandular hairs at top. LL. floccose beneath :
outer obovate; inner ovato-lanceolate. Cyme
regular, compound, compact: that and the
calyces silky. p. Open stony hills. Fr. Sw.
G.”—DC., who makes Nestleri a var. of this.

i~7]

fu)

any

ce. Stem-L. more than 6.

15. cymosiforme. ‘“ No runners. Scape
leafy, and, as well as the lineari-lanceolate,
acute, nearly entire L., floccose and hispido-
hirsute. Branches of Corymb nearly erect,
many-flowered, hoary. Cal. ovate, covered
with white hairs. p. Rough hills. At Wein-
heim, between Heidelberg and Darmstadt.”
—DC.

16. echioides. Stem densely covered with
stellate pubescence and with rigid hairs. L.
densely hispid with long and strong bristles on
both sides, and stellate pubescence beneath :
upper gradually smaller. Corymb fastigiate
and covered with white down and hairs. No
barren runners. p. 6-8. Uncult hills. vn.
and e. G.

|

409. HIHBRACIUM.

B. setigerum, Tauscu. Bristles spreading.

yy. cinereum, Tauscu. Fl. fewer and much
smaller.

B. DREPANOIDES.

The want of bristles on the obtuse phylla-
ries, and the divaricate branching of the stems,
separate these from the Pilosellz; besides
which, excepting in H. sazatile, they have no
stellate pubescence on the L. ‘The first cha-
racter will also go far to separate them from
all the other divisions retaining their root-L.
Stalks scaly near the flower, and phyllaries
tiled in many series.

i. Root creeping. Stem nearly naked.

17. staticifolium. Stem 1—5-flowered.
Stalks long, thickened upwards: these and the
Cal. mealy. LL. linear, somewhat obtuse, hair-
less. p. 6,7. Gravel of torrents. Alps.

ii. Root not creeping. Stem leafy at base.

18. porrifolium. Stem 10—30-flowered,
branched from base. Branches slender, usually
2-flowered. IL. lineari-lanceolate, acuminate,
hairless or ciliate at base. Cal. and Stalks
hoary with stellate pubescence. Outer Phyll.
squarrose. p. 7, 8. Rocky mountains. s. e. G.

19. graminifolium. “ Hairless, glaucous.
Stem branched, leafy. Branches long, straight,
erect, scaly at top. lL. linear, quite entire,
naked beneath. Root-L. somewhat ciliate at
base. Cal. hairy, mealy. Crest white! p.
Gravel of torrents. Sw.’—DC.

20. glaucum. Stem 50—60-flowered, hair-
less. Cal. and divaricate stalks with stellate
pubescence, otherwise hairless. Phyll. adpress-
ed. L. lanceolate, acuminate, hairless, or only
bearded at base. p. 6-8. Stony mountains.
Alps.

21. saxatile of Jacq. Obs. “lL. mem-
branous, lanceolate, dentate, floccose beneath.
Root-L. ciliate at base. Cal. naked. Stalks
scaly. p. Cale. rocks. Baden in Austria.
Aargau.”—DC. Koch, in his last ed., joins
this to porrifolium, from which vt differs by its
much broader L., covered beneath with a stel-
late pubescence.

C. VILLosm.

The long hairs of the Cal. separate these
from the last division. From the P2/loselle,
which are much more different in habit, it is
more difficult to fix upon a distinguishing
mark, when the plant, as is sometimes the
case, offers only one or two flowers.

COMPOSITA. 183

i. Stem leafy.

22. bupleuroides. Stem 2- or more flow-
ered, hairless. Cal. and erect Stalks covered
with stellate and simple hairs. Phyll. subacute.
L. lanceolate, acuminate, smooth or ouly cili-
ate at base. Stem-L. numerous. p. 7, 8.
Rocky. Alps.

23. glabratum. Stem 1- or more flowered,
hairless. Cal. white with abundant hairs.
Stalk with woolly and stellate pubescence.
Phyl. finely acute. 4. lanceolate, acuminate,
smooth or somewhat ciliate at base. p. 6, 7.
Rocks and gravel of torrents. Alps.

24. speciosum. Stem 2- or more flow-
ered, hairy and with stellate pubescence above
the middle and on calyx. Inner Phyll. acute ;
outer lax. IL. lanceolate, acuminate, ciliate on
margin and midrib; or hirsute on both sides
and with stellate pubescence. p. Mountains.
Switzerland.

25. dentatum. ‘Stem 1- or more flow-
ered, villous and with stellate pubescence.
Phyll. (adpressed, Hoppr) finely acuminate.
L. lanceolate, acuminate, soft, hirsute on both
sides or smooth above. The stem-L. numerous :
the upper smaller, ovate, sessile. p. 7, 8.
Stony mountains. Alps.’—Kocu.

26. villosum. Stem 1- or more flowered,
somewhat corymbose, woolly. Phyll. finely
acuminate on an ovate base, lax: the outer
widely spreading: all covered with white wool,
as well as the Stalks: on these and on the
upper part of the Stem a stellate pubescence.
L. oblongo-lanceolate: upper ovate, amplexi-
caul. p. 6,7. Stony mountains. Alps. The
following are the principal var. enumerated
by DC. :—

A. Outer Phyllaries leafy. Flowers very large.

a. cordifolium. Upper stem-L. cordato-
ovate.

B. ertophyllum, Witty. Stem usually 1-
flowered. L. oblong, undulate.

y. tricocephalum, WiLLD. Stem tall, usually
l1-flowered. L. oblong. Root-L. stalked,
nearly smooth.

B. Outer Phyllaries not leafy, hardly larger
than the others.

8. glabratum, Witt. Stem .1-flowered, 2-
leaved at base. Root-L. smooth. This
as said to be the glabrum of Hoppe, Schra-
deri of Gaud. (which is also, I suppose,
the species here called Schraderi). [ can-
not decide whether rt 1s the glabratum of
Koch, which I have above adopted as a
species.

e. valdepilosum, Wi.D. Very villous. Stem
long, leafy. L. dentate. Stem-L. oblong,
acute. Seems also to be the plant of Vill.

¢. scorzonerifolium, Vitu. Stem 1-flowered,
few-leaved. L. lineari-lanceolate, acute,
dentate.

n. acutifolium, HALLER, Fil. Stem 1-flow-
ered, leafy. L. lineari-lanceolate, acu-
minate, quite entire.

27. Candollii. “ Villous. Stem branched,
flexuose, many-flowered. Branches long, leafy,
usually 1-flowered. lL. lanceolate, somewhat
denticulate, glaucous. Root-L. somewhat
stalked. Stem-L. sessile. Phyll. tiled, obtuse,
very villous. Not to be distinguished from
the branched var. of 1. villosum but by the
inner structure of the calyx. p. Alps of
Ger. Pyr.”,—DC.

ii. Stem nearly leafless.

28. Schraderi. Stem 1- or few-flowered,
densely covered, as well as Phyll., with long,
black-based hairs, and a stellate pubescence.
Phyl. lax: outer spreading. LL. lanceolate,
acute, narrowed into a stalk. p.6-8. High
pastures. Alps.

29. glanduliferum. Stem |-flowered, co-
vered with stellate pubescence and short glan-
dular hairs. Phyll. lax, woolly with dark-based
hairs. L. green, lanceolate, minutely denticulate
or quite entire. Root-L. tufted, few or 0 on
stem. p. 7,8. Very high. Alps.

D. PuLMONARIZ.

These seem distinguished from the preced-
ing tribes by the evident and comparatively
abrupt contraction of the root-L. into a haft
or stalk. The Phyllaries, also, are not in ge-
neral so finely acute ; but this, as the divisions
now stand, is not uniform in either.

i. Calyx and Stalks without glandular
hairs.

30. pallescens. Stem simple, 1-flowered
or supporting a corymb, 2—4-leaved. Hairs
hoary, black at base. Root-L. attenuate into
stalk with deep forward teeth at base. Lower
stem-L. stalked; upper sessile. p. 6-8. (Sw.
SCHL.)

31. incisum. Stem simple, 1-flowered or
supporting a corymb, 1—2-leaved. Hairs
hoary, black at base. Root-L. ovate or ovato-
oblong, somewhat cordate, with deep spreading
teeth at base. p. 6-8. Mountains, occ.

32. bifidum. Stem once or more forked,

184 409. HIERACIUM.

naked or with a single lanceolate, nearly ses-
sile L. Hairs simple, hoary, black at base.
Root-L. elliptic, denticulate. Teeth at base
forward or spreading. p. 6-8. Rocks. s.
e. Ger.

33. hoppeanum. ‘ Pubescent. Stem sim-
ple, few-flowered, nearly leafless. L. oblongo-
ovate, coarsely dentate at base; their stalks
villous. Cal. acuminate, and, with the stalk,
cano-tomentosulous, hirsute. p. Alps. Pos-
sibly a hybrid between H. villosum and FH.
murorum.’—DC.

34. stelligerum. “Cespitose, cano-to-
mentosulous with stellate hairs. Stem nearly
leafless, forked, 2-flowered. LL. coriaceous, cor-
dato-ovate, sinuato-dentate at base; twice as
long as the channeled, even, villous stalk. Phyll.
cano-tomentose, obtuse. p. Rocks. Lang. Dif-
fers from HW. murorum zz the fine, dense, stel-
late pubescence covering the whole plant ; im
the slender, tufted, forked, leafless stems; in the
rigid, truly coriaceous, obtuse, glanduloso-mu-
ricate L., and channeled stalks without stripes,
only one-fourth as long as L. The Ft. also are
only half the size.’ —DC.

35. chlorospermum. “ Root-L. remain-
ing. Stem erect, leafy, panicled, villosulous at
base. L. thin, membranous, glaucous beneath,
somewhat reticulate, ciliate, denticulate. Root-
L. stalked, ovate, acute. Stem-L. somewhat
cordate, acuminate, sessile. Cal. and stalks
nearly hairless. Phyll. lineari-obtuse. yp. Ca-
rinthia.”—DC.

36. ramosum. Stem branched from base,
leafy. Panicle covered with simple, hoary,
black-based hairs. LL. green, ovato-lanceolate,
narrowed at base. Teeth of the base spreading.
Upper L. nearly sessile. p. 6-8. Woods.
Mont Jovat. s.Sw. Differs from VW. vulga-
tum chiefly in the pubescence of the panicle
and a peculiar habit.—Kocu.

37. Virga-aurea. “Stem leafy. Root-
L. ovato-oblong, acute, green, persistent, much
larger than those on the stem. Fl. in a ra-
ceme-like panicle. Cal. cylindrical. Phyll.
adpressed : the inner rather obtuse. p. Val-
lombrosa.’’—Coss.

ii. Calyx and Stalk with gland-tipped hairs.
a. L. attenuate.

38. vulgatum. Stem corymbose, about
6-leaved, furnished at top with hoary stellate,
with short glanduliferous, and with longer
black hairs. L. elliptic or ovato-lanceolate, with
forward teeth at base. p. 6,7. Woods, Se.

a. sylvaticum, SM.
B. maculatum, Sm. LL. spotted.
y. Lachenalii, Gu. L. narrower, lanceolate.

39. mivale. “ Stem erect, leafy, branched,
panicled, hairless. L. subcoriaceous, Janceo-
late, serrato-dentate in the middle, rough on
margin, glaucescent beneath. Cal. ovate,
rough with glands. p. Gravelly banks. Mont
Ortels. Closely resembles U1. boreale, but has
root-L. on short stalks at the time of flower-
ing.’ —DC. Qu. if Mont Ortels is the Ortler
Spitz ?

40. Schmidtii. Stem corymbose, 1-3-
leaved. Pan. with hoary stellate, short glan-
duliferous, and longer black hairs. LL. ovato-
lanceolate, with forward teeth at base. Stem-
L. sessile, not deeply toothed. p. 6-8. Rocks,
occasionally.

41. rwpestre. Stem slender, with a few,
long, straight, 1-flowered branches. Cal. and
stalks with simple and glanduliferous hairs.
Root-L. broadly lanceolate, acuminate, with a
few unequal teeth. Stem-L. few, lanceolato-
linear. p. 6, 7. Rocks. Vall. Pays de Vaud.
Erlangen. According to DC., the hairs are

feathery, and a few of the inner Phyll. mem-

branous and acute. Crest nearly white.

42. pictum. ‘Stem somewhat branched,
few-flowered, and, as well as the ovato-lanceo-
late, dentate L. and their stalks, covered with
feathery hairs. Stem-L. solitary, lineari-lan-
ceolate. Phyll. obtuse, hirsute, mealy. Crest
nearly white. p. Stony woods and vineyards.
Sw.”’—DC.

43. lasiophyllum. “Stem 2- or more flow-
ered, somewhat corymbose. Pan. furnished
with hoary, and with black glandular hairs.
L. hirsute on both sides, entire, except a few
teeth at base. Outer Root-L. ovate, wider to-
wards the top and rounded. Outer Phyll. some-
what obtuse; inner acute. p. 6,7. Stony.
In the Draga Grube at Orlich on the Karst.”—
Kocu.

b. L. rounded at the base.

44. murorum. Stem corymbose, 1—2-
leaved. Pan. hoary, and furnished with black
glandular hairs. L. hirsute beneath and on
the margin. Root-L. somewhat cordate. Teeth
at the base turned backward. (Outer Phyll.
somewhat obtuse; imner acute, Koc.) op.
6-8. Walls and barren.

B. murorum pilosissimum, Linn. L. and

stalks woolly.

45. atrovirens. “Stem few-flowered,

COMPOSIT A. 185

with 1 or no L., with scattered hairs at the
lower part. LL. ciliate, villous beneath, ovate,
oblique. Stalks of root-L. very hairy. Up-
per part of Stem and Fl.-stalks covered with
glandular hairs. Cal. hoary. Inner Phyll.
acute or acuminate. b. p. 6,7. Shady hills.
Madonie.”—Guss.

46. siculum. “L.-stalks nerved and erect.
Stem very villous, and ciliate with long hairs.
Root-L. on long stalks, oblongo-lanceolate, at-
tenuate at each end, remotely toothed at base.
Stem-L. ovato-oblong, amplexicanl. Fl. few,
ina raceme. Stalks cottony, and, as well as
the Cal., villous with long hairs. Phyll. all
acute. p.6-9. Rough thickets. Madonie.”
—Guss.

47. Sacquinii. Stem short, with 1- or 2-
flowered, spreading branches, with simple and
gland-tipped hairs. Root- and lower L. deeply
dentate or somewhat pinnatifid ; upper lanceo-
late, quite entire. Phyll. hirsute. p. 6, 7.
Rocks and stony. Alps.

E. ANDRYALOIDES.

These are distinguished from the Villose,
which they most resemble, by the feathery
hairs. The root-L. are not so suddenly con-
tracted as in the Pulmonariea ; and the want
of hairs on the teeth of the florets gives an
artificial character to separate them from the
Cerinthoidee.

i. Upper L. lanceolate, acuminate.

48. andryaloides. Stem ascending : upper
part nearly leafless, and furnished, as well as
L. and Phyll., with feathery hairs. Lower L.
obovato-oblong, stalked, toothed at base ; upper
lanceolate, acuminate. p. 6,7. Warm rocks.
Saléve. Dau.

B. undulatum, Wid. Lower L. undulate
at base.

y. pictum, Pers. L. with brown spots.

49. Esiottardi. Woolly. Stem branched
from base. Branches ascending. Lower L. den-
tato-p imnatifid at base. p.6,7. Grenoble.
Much ike W. Sacquinii, except in the woolli-
ness.—KOcH.

50. lanatum. Densely woolly. Stem 2-6-
flowered. Branches long. IL. thick, ovate,
entire, or with a small tooth or two near the
base: lower stalked and obtuse; upper sessile,
acuminate. p. 5,6. Open rocks. Vall. Col
di Tende. This zs tomentosum of Allioni,
which seems the older name.

51. cordifolium. “ Glaucous. Stems some-

2B

what tufted, panicled, few-leaved, nearly hair-
less. Root-L. elliptic, denticulate, ciliate on
midrib and margin. Stalks very short, covered
with feathery wool. Stem-L. cordate, acute,
amplexicaul. Cal. obtuse: that and stalks
glanduliferous. Recept. hirtulous. p. On the
rock Baux de ’Afé near Prats de Mollo.”—
DC.

52. mixtum. “ Feathery wool. Stem few-
flowered. Root-L. obovate, quite entire, some-
what stalked. Stem-L. ovate, somewhat semi-
amplexicaul. Cal. obtuse, very villous. Re-
cept. hirtulous. p. La Piquetta. Pyr. Dau.?”
—DC.

53. symphytifolium. “Villous. Stem
erect, leafy, about 3-flowered. lL. stalked,
ovato-lanceolate, acuminate, nearly entire. F'l.-
stalks tomentose. Phyll. somewhat acute. p.
Rocks. Sic.’—DC.

EF. CreRinTHOIDE®.

The hairy teeth of the florets seem to dis-
tinguish this section from all the others re-
taining their root-L.

i. L. without glandular hairs.

54. cerinthoides. “Glaucous. Stem
straight, leafy, somewhat corymbose. L.mem-
branous, nearly entire, ciliate. Stalks of obo-
vate root-L. with a feathery beard. Stem-
L. oblong, acute, cordate, amplexicaul. F'l.-
stalks with glandular hairs. Recept. hirtulous.
p- e.and central Pyr.’-—DC. Se.?

55. Haapeyrousii. ‘“Glaucous. Stem
branched, few-flowered, leafy. L. somewhat
membranous, denticulate, ciliate. Root-L. ob-
longo-obovate: stalks with feathery wool.
Stem-L. ovato-cordate, semiamplexicaul. Cal.
ovate. Phyll. acuminate, and, as well as the
stalks, furnished with glandular and black
hairs. p. Pyr. FU. twice as large as in i.
cerinthoides.””—DC.

56. phlomoides. “Stem flexuose, few-
flowered, woolly at base, smooth and leafless
above. Fl.-stalks divaricate, fastigiate. L. ob-
longo-obovate, somewhat denticulate, apiculate,
woolly with long feathery hairs. Stem-L. ses-
sile, ovate, acumimate. Phyll. glandular at base,
smooth at top: internal acuminate. Recept.
hairy. p. Gavarnie and Gendre, Pyr.”—DC.

57. Ihawsonii (sazati/e, Kocu and Vit-
LARS). Stem leafless below the long, slender
branches. Branches usually 1-flowered, hoary,
and with glandular hairs at top. LL. elliptic,
hirsute on both sides. Stalk densely bearded :
those on branches elliptic, sessile ; uppermost

186 409. HIERACIUM.

Inner Phyll. acute. p.
Martigny. Dau.

very minute.
mountains.

Stony

58. decipiens. Stem somewhat corym-
bose, with 1 or 2 lanceolate, sessile L. below
the branches. Root-L. broadly lanceolate,
remotely dentate, hairy on midrib and margin.

Outer Phyl. somewhat lax; inner adpressed,:

p. 7, 8. Hoheneck.

59. longifolium (Zawsoni, Sm.). Stem
1- or more flowered, hirsute at base. L. broadly
lanceolate, acuminate, on long stalks, hairy on
midrib and margm. Stem-L. remote; upper
ovato-lanceolate, semiamplexicaul. Fl.-stalks
hoary, and with glandular hairs. Phyll. vil-
lous or densely glandular: outer acute, some-
what spreading; inner subulato-attenuate. p.
7, 8. Gravelly mountain pastures. s. and w.
Sw. Se.

60. Sternbergii. “Stem simple, with
about 2 flowers and 1 L. 4. obovate, some-
what denticulate, glaucous, thin, membranous.
Cal. villous and glanduliferous. Teeth of Fits.
very short, ciliate. p. Mount Schlossberg
near Toplitz.’—DC.

finely acute. Ligh.

ii. L. with glandular hairs.

61. Pseudocerinthe. Stem ]—2-leaved,
2-5-flowered, not forming a distinct corymb.
Branches spreading. Hairs yellowish, or black
at base. L. soft, entire or only remotely denti-
culate. Root-L. oblongo-lanceolate. Stem-L.
cordate, amplexicaul. p. 7, 8. Stony hills.
Saleve—Kocu.

62. amplexicaule. Stem 1—3-leaved be-
low the spreading branches, 3- or more flow-
ered, not distinctly corymbose. Hairs yellow-
ish: wpper black at base. LL. rigid. Root-L.
stalked, coarsely toothed at base; uppermost,
and bracts ovate or cordate. Outer Phyll. lax ;
inner finely acute. p. 6,7. Open mountains.
Alps. Pyr. Se. Sard.

63. pulmonarioides. Stem with 1 or
more L. and 3 or more flowers, not forming a
distinct corymb. Hairs yellowish : upper black
at base. L. soft. Root-L. stalked, elliptico-
oblong, coarsely toothed at base; upper lan-
ceolate, sessile. Outer Phyll. lax ; inner finely

‘acute. p. 6, 7. Mountain meadows. Var.
of Sp. 62?

64. alpinum. Stem with 1 or more ses-
sile L. and 1 or few flowers, hoary with stel-
late hairs. Branches and Phyll. very villous
with long, hoary, black-based hairs, and black
glanduliferous hairs. Root-L. lanceolate,
stalked. p. 6,7. Mountain pastures.

a. alpinum, LINN. Stalk 1-8-leaved and 1-
flowered.

B. pumilum, Horr.
1-flowered.

y. Halleri, Viuu. Root-L. elliptico-oblong,
toothed at base, 1-flowered.

6. sudeticum. Stem with several lanceolate
L. rarely as large as the root-L., 1-4-
flowered.

Less villous than a,

65. nigrescens. “Stem usually 1-flow-
ered. Root-L. broadly ovate, stalked, coarsely
toothed. Stem-L. single, lanceolate. Phyll.
covered with numerous black sete: and longer
white-pointed hairs; linear, attenuate. Fits.
externally hairy. p. 7, 8. High rocks. Gram-
pians.”— Bas. Sil.

66. bellidifolium. “Glanduliferous, green.
Stem with 1 flower and usually 1 L. L. nearly
entire. Root-L. obovato-spatulate. Stem-L.
ovato-semiamplexicaul. Cal. involuecrate, some-
what imbricate, rough with glands. Flts. some-
what pubescent. p. Alps of Carinthia and
of Salzburg. Certainly different from HH.
alpinum by its numerous glands, and the four
lax outer phyllaries, forming a sort of ivo-
lucrum.’—DC,

67. cydoniifolium. Stem with 10-20
flowers, leafy from base. Pan. corymbose,
with hoary stellate pubescence and glandulife-
rous and black hairs; the larger hoary at top.
L. green, elliptic: lower stalked; upper ses-

sile. Hadit of H. vulgatum. p. 6,7. High
grassy. Riesengeb.
G. InTyBAacEa.
No root-L. at the time of flowering. Stem

leafy. Whole plant densely glanduloso-pilose.
Teeth of Fits. hairless.

68. albidum. Viscid. Stem 1-flowered,
or branched at base; each branch 1-flowered.
L. elongato-lanceolate, repando-dentate : lower
attenuate ; upper sessile or amplexicaul. p.
7, 8. Rocks and gravel. Vosges. Alps.

Hi. PRENANTHOIDER.

No root-L. at time of flowermg. Stem
leafy. Teeth of Fits. hairy.

i. L. covered with glands.

69. picroides (ochroleucum, Kocu). L.
cordate at base, amplexicaul: the lower some-
what fiddle-shaped, being contracted above the
base. p. 7, 8. Very high pastures. Sw.
rare.

ii. L. without glands.
70. lycopifolium. Branches and Cal.

COMPOSIT.A. 187

sprinkled with glandular hairs. L. semiamplex-
icaul, inciso-dentate at base: upper somewhat
cordate ; lowest attenuate into stalk. Seeds
pale. p. 7,8. Woods. Carlsruhe. Freiburg,
Baden.

71. prenanthoides. Cal. and Stalk some-
what tomentose and densely covered with
glandular hairs. L. cordate at base and am-
plexicaul: the lower somewhat fiddle-shaped,
being contracted above the base. p. 7, 8.
Mountain woods.

a. L. denticulate.

B. perfoliatum, DC. L. nearly entire.

y. strictissimum, DC. LL. with acute por-
rect teeth at the base.

8. denticulatum, Sm. LL. sessile, hardly
amplexicaul (black-based hairs more nu-
merous, and sete fewer than in a, BaB.).

e. cotoniifolium, DC. Fl. much larger.

I. AccrPirrin a.

No root-U, at time of flowering. Stem leafy.
L. without glandular hairs. Teeth of Fits.
hairless.

i. Flowers in racemes.

72. inuloides. “Stem erect, simple. Pan.
stellato-pubescent. Phyll. numerous : the lower
gradually shorter; the lowermost lax, and
passing downwards on the smooth stalk. L.
all sessile: lowermost narrowed downwards ;
intermediate narrowed above their base. p. 8.
Mountain woods. Sc. Boh.”’—Bas.

73. racemosum. Branches rigid, ending
in a 8-4-flowered raceme. Lateral F'l.-stalks
not longer, than bracts. Cal. nearly smooth,
oblong, conical after flowering. Upper L. ovate,
acuminate, somewhat amplexicawl. p. 7, 8.
Waste and borders of woods. Styria.

ii. Lowers in panicles.

74. lactucaceum. “ Hairless. Stem erect,
leafy, panicled. L. membranous, ovate, some-
what acute, serrato-dentate, ciliate at base,
glaucous beneath. Lower Stem-L. crowded,
sessile; upper alternate, ovato-cordate, some-
what amplexicaul. Cal. smooth. Stalks cano-
subtomentosulous. Base of Stem leafless. p.
Ttaly.”—DC.

75. sabaudum. Stem rigid, somewhat
corymbose. E'l.-stalks hoary, conspicuously
longer than the supporting bract. 1 or 2
Scales under the Cal,, which is broadly ovate
after flowermg. LL. ovate, dentate :. lower on
short stalks ; upper cordate, somewhat amplexi-

caul. Phyllaries adpressed. p.8,9. Thichets,
heaths, Se.

76. lucidum. ‘Hairless. Stem woody,
angular, straight, corymbose. IL. crowded, ri-
gid, coriaceous, ovate, quite entire, apiculate.
Stalks of the lower L. dilated at base and
somewhat amplexicaul. Cal. very blunt : that
and the stalks rough with glands. p. Locks.
Sie.”’—DC.

77. crinitum. “Stem racemose, very vil-
lous, leafless at base, densely leafy above. L.
glaucescent, ciliate on margin and midrib:
lower broadly ovate, acute, stalked; upper
ovate, acuminate, sessile. 'l.-stalks and leafy
bracts very villous. Cal. nearly smooth. p. 7, 8.
Rocks. Madonie. Sard.” According to Guss.,
the L. of this and the preceding species re-
main during flowering. They probably belong
to the Pulmonarie.

78, jacobseifolium. “ Stem straight, leafy,
branched, panicled. L. ovato-lanceolate, with
large forward teeth, rough, reticulate beneath :

‘lower somewhat stalked; upper sessile. F'l.-

stalks scaly and somewhat thickened at top.
Phyll. somewhat squarrose, hairless. p. Pyr.”
—DC.

79. boreale. Stem rigid. Branches some-
what corymbose. Fl.-stalks hoary, conspicu-
ously exceeding the bracts. Scales numerous to-
wards the top, passmg into the ovate base of
the fruit. L. ovato-lanceolate, dentate ; lower
attenuate into a short stalk; upper sessile.
Phyl. adpressed, nearly of one colour through-
out, becoming black when dry. p. 8-10.
Thickets, heaths, Se.

B. latifolium. Upper L. somewhat cordate.
Outer Phyll. somewhat spreading.

80. rigidum. “ Stem erect, smooth, leafy,
corymbose. L. ovato-lanceolate, narrowed at
both ends: upper lanceolate or lneari-lanceo-
late, finely-toothed, nearly sessile; lowermost
evanescent. Phyll. nearly smooth, adpressed,
with pale margin. p. 6,7. MMountais. n.
Wales. n. Hng.”’—Baz. Woods and thickets
in Ger.

B. lanceolatum, Vituars. Cal. and stalk

sprinkled with glandular hairs.

81. brevifolium. “Stem erect, densely
leafy, corymbose at top. 4. rigid, shortly
ovate, with 2 teeth on each side, sessile, glauc-
ous beneath, rough on margin. F.-stalks
hoary. Cal. somewhat imbricate.- p. Ce-

_vennes.’—DC.

2B 2

188 409. HIERACIUM.

82. umbellatum. Stem rigid. Upper
branches forming an umbel. L. lanceolate or
linear: lower attenuate into a short stalk;
upper nearly sessile. Tips of the Phyll. re-
curved. p. 7-9. Heaths and sandy woods.

B. coronopifolium, Brrnu. L. with 2 or
3 long teeth on each side.

83. prostratum. “Very villous. Hairs
simple. Stem ascendenti-prostrate, densely
leafy, with a divaricate corymb. LL. oblongo-
ovate, somewhat dentate, sessile. Fl.-stalks
tomentose and hirsute. Cal. hirsute, at last
becoming smooth. The whole plant often be-
comes smooth. p. Sandy shores. Mouth
of the Adour.”—DC.

84. eriophorum. Woolly: hairs simple.
Stem straight, densely leafy. L. ovato-lanceo-
late, serrato-dentate, sessile. Corymb some-
what compact. Base of Cal. woolly. p.
Sandy shores. Bayonne. Téte de Buch.

The two following I do not know where to
place :—

85. gracile. “ Stem erect, simple, few-
leaved, somewhat corymbose. L. membranous,
somewhat dentate, stalked, villosulous. Root-
L. elliptico-oval. Stem-L. lanceolate. Cal.
oyato-cylindrical, rather acute. Cal. and
stalks glanduloso-hispid. Hairs of L. almost
feathery. Cal. and stalks covered with nume-
rous black glands and scattered hairs. 4-6
of inner Phyll. acute. p. High. s. Tyr.

——DC.
86. compositum. “ White with woolly
hairs. Stem erect, branched, leafy, panicled.

Branches spreading, mostly many-flowered. L.
dentate, glaucous beneath. Root-L. ovate, de-
current on a bearded stalk. Stem-L. cordate,
acuminate, amplexicaul. Cal. somewhat glan-
duliferous. Stalks tomentose and somewhat
glanduliferous. p. Dry stony meadows.
Prats de Mollo. Pyr.”—DC.

DC. adds 20 species, xox satis note, as
occurring within the limits of my work, but
which I omit, thinking it impossible to iden-
tify the species from the descriptions. For the
same reason I have omitted to notice H. pri-
mulifolium of Viv.

410. MULGEDIUM. .

1. alpinum. Rac. nearly simple, glandu-
loso-hispid. Lower L. sagittate, lyrato-run-
cinate. Bracts linear, acuminate. p. 7, 8.
High woody.

2. Plumieri. Pan.compound, quite smooth.

Lower L. runcinato-pinnatifid. Bracts auri-
cled. p. 7,8. High woody. w. Sw. Vosges.
Auvergne.

Tribe XI. SONCHEZ.

411. ZOLLIKOFERIA.

1. chondrilloides. L. variously divided.
Lower L, attenuate; upper cordato-semiam-
plexicaul. Phyll. adpressed, obtuse, somewhat
callous at top. p. 5,6. Sandy.s. Fr. Sic.

412. SONCHUS.

A. Annual or biennial.

1. oleraceus. Stem-L. amplexicaul, a-
cutely dentate, ciliate: auricles acuminate.
Cal. and Stalk nearly smooth. Seeds trans-
versely muriculate. a. 6-8. Fields.

2. asper. LL. amplexicaul, acutely ciliato-
dentate: auricles rounded. Cal. and Stalk
sometimes somewhat hispid. Seeds smooth,
with three nerves on each face. a. 6-8.
Fields.

3. parvifiorus. “lL. amplexicaul, runci-
nato-pinnatifid, spinuloso-dentate. Invol. cy-
lindrical, smooth, on long, smooth, corymbose
stalks. Seeds smooth and very small. a.
Verviers. Distinguished from the preceding
by its more slender stem, smaller flowers, and
cylindrical calyx.” —LEs.

4. tenerrimus. L. auricled, amplexicaul,
pinnatipartite or bipinnatipartite. Cal. at first
tomentose at base. Seeds slender, striated,
transversely rugose. a. or b. 6,7. Rocks
and walls. s. Kur.

B. Perennial.

5. pectinatus. Stem angular, hairless. L.
pectinate: divisions crowded, ovate, acute.
Upper L. auricled. Cal. hairy. Seeds with
obtuse tubercled ribs. p. 6. Marit. rocks.
Near Collioure.

6. maritimus. Smooth. Root creeping.
Stem few-flowered. L. lanceolate, amplexicaul,
undivided. Serratures acute, retrorse. Outer
Phyll. broadly ovate, with blunt acumen. Ribs
of the Seeds smooth. p. 6,7. Coasts. s.
Europe.

7. arvensis. Root creeping. Stem smooth,
corymbose. L. runcinate, spinuloso-dentate,
cordato-amplexicaul. Cal. and Stalks hispid.
Seeds usually 4-edged, transversely rugose on
the ribs. p. 6,7. Clayey fields.

COMPOSITA. 189

8. Nymanni. “Smooth. Root creeping.
L. obovato-oblong, runcinato-pinnatifid, with
long, sharp, spinulose teeth. Root-L, stalked.
Stem-L. cordato-amplexicaul. F'l.-stalks some-
what umbellate. Seeds smooth, margined, with
5 nerves on each side. p. 4,5. Clayey fields.
Vicari. Alia in Sic.”—Guss.

9. palustris. Root simple, somewhat tu-
berous. Stem hairless at base, hispid at top,
as well as Cal. and Stalks. L. lanceolate, sa-
gittate, spinuloso-ciliate. Lower L. runcinate ;
upper undivided. p. 6,7. Marshy meadows
and clayey banks, oce.

413. PICRIDIUM.

1. tingitanum. All L. runcinato-pinnati-
fid, semiamplexicaul, denticulate. Outer Scales
of Cal. squarrose. Stalks scaly. p. Sea
rocks. Sic.—DC.

2. vulgare. Stem naked at top. Lower L.
pinnatifid; upper entire, somewhat dentate,
amplexicaul. Scales of Cal. adpressed. Stalks
scaly. p. 4,5. mdt. Fr. It. Istr.

414, PRENANTHES.

1. tenuifolia. Stem erect, simple. L. li-
near, very entire. Stem-L. amplexicaul. Pan.
lax. Fl. stalked, nodding. p. Woody moun-
tains. Dau. Monte Generoso.

2. purpurea. Stem erect, simple. L. lan-
ceolate, attenuate, somewhat denticulate. Pan.
lax. Fl. on long stalks, nodding. p. 7, 8.
Woody hills.

Tribe XIT. CREPIDEZ.
415. PTEROTHECA.

1. nemausensis. L. runcinato-lyrate,
dentate, obtuse. Scape naked, many-flowered,
hispid. Scales of Cal. membranous on margin.
a.6. Dry. mdt. Fr. It.

416. ZACYNTHA.

1. verrucosa. Root-L. lyrate. Stem-L.
sagittate. Fl. sessile. a.6. Melds. mat.
Fr. It. Istria.

417. ENDOPTERA.

1. Dioscoridis. Stem and L. smooth.

Phyll. somewhat hoary: outer small, lineari-
subulate. a. Fr., Linn.; Pdm., Basis;
Belg., Rous. :—all doubtful.

2. aspera. Stem with scattered bristles.
Outer Phyll. ovato-lanceolate, scariose, prickly
ou the back. a. Fréjus (or Friuli ?), SuFFR.
Sic.? VAILLANT.

418. ATHEORHIZA.

1. bulbosa. Root tuberous. Scape erect,
simple, leafless. Cal. hairy at base. p. 4, 5.
Sandy shores. s. Kur.

419, CREPIS.

A. Seeds with from 10 to 13 stripes.

i. Calyx double. Outer Phyllaries very
small, adpressed. Sp. 1, 2.

ii. Calyx double. Outer Phyll. about half
as long asinner. Sp. 3-8.

iii. Calyx tiled.
a. Scape 1-flowered, nearly or quite leaf-

less. Sp. 9-12.
b. Scape many-flowered, nearly leafless.
Sp. 13-15.

e. Stem branched, leafy. Sp. 16-18.
B. Seeds with 20 or more stripes.
i. Stripes 20. Sp. 19-28.
ii. Stripes 30. Sp. 24.
C. Hairs of Crest somewhat subulate. Stem
one-flowered. Sp. 25, 26.

. A. Seeds with from 10-18 stripes.

i. Calyx double. Outer Phyllaries very
small, adpressed.

l. pulchra. Fits. few. Strice of the Seeds
nearly obsolete. Pits of Recept. not fringed.
Cal. cylindrical, smooth. Outer Phyll. ovate,
acute. Stem panicled. Root-L. runcinate.
Stem-L. ovato-lanceolate, sagittate. a. 6, 7.
Vineyards and broken grounds.

2. lacera. Cal. tomentose. Outer Phyll.
linear. Stem panicled, many-flowered. Pits of
Recept. somewhat frmged. Root-L. runcina-
to-pinnatipartite. Stem-L. lmear, pinnatifid
at base. Sap milky, very poisonous. Db. 7.
Cale. mountains. Rome. Naples.

ii. Calyx double. Outer Phyllaries about
half as long as inner.

3. neglecta. Sceds contracted at top into
a short neck, rough with minute points. Inner

| Phyll. smooth within. Stem leafy. Branch-

190

lets 2-3-flowered, nodding before flowering.
Upper L. sagittate. a. 4,5. Barren uncult.
mdt. Fr. adr. G. It.

4. tectorum. Seeds somewhat contracted
into a neck, rough with minute points. Inner
Phyll. hairy within. Stem branched from
near the base. Upper L. lineari-sagittate.
Margin revolute. a. 6-9. Uncult. wm.
Hur. oce.

5. biennis. Seeds smaller at top but not
contracted into a neck, rough with very mi-
nute points. Inner Phyll. hairy within. Stem
corymbose at top. Lower L. runcinato-pinna-
tifid; upper lanceolate, dentato-pinnatifid. a.
5,6. Meadows and moist pastures.

I gathered at Munich, where it was abun-
dant, in August 1844, a plant with the flowers
and fruit of this, but in foliage and habit more
like verens: Query if a species.

6. niczeensis. Seeds not contracted into a
neck. Ribs smooth. Inner Phyll. smooth
within. Stem corymbose at top. Stem-L.
flat, sessile, sagittate: the auricles acuminate
downwards. b. 5,6. Dry pastures and
rough. s. Er. Nice. Ger. oce.

7. virens. Seeds smooth. Inner Phyll.
smooth within; outer erect. Stem panicled
nearly from base. Stem-L. sagittate and often
incise at the base ; upper linear, flat.

a. 6-9. HMelds and waysides.

B. diffusa, DC. Stems diffuse.

y. agrestis, W.K. Fi. larger.

8. corymbosa. “ Hispid with spreading
bristles. Stem erect, paniculato-corymbose at
top. Root-L. spatulato-runcinate, attenuate
into stalk. Stem-L. lanceolato-sagittate, in-
cise at base. Cal. hispid, equalling crest.
Seeds oblong, striato-sulcate, glabrous. a.
Stony. Apulia and Camp.”—DC.

iii. Calyx tiled.
a. Scape one-flowered, nearly or quite leafless.

9. bulbosa. Fibres of Root bearing tubers.
Base of Cal. and top of Scape hairy. L. ob-
longo-lanceolate, somewhat dentate, hairless.
p. 4,5. Sandy pastures. s. Fr. It. Ist.

10. aurea. Fibres of Root without tubers.
Scape very rarely branched. lL. oblong, den-
tate or runcinate. Phyll. covered with black
hairs. p.7, 8. Mountain pastures. Alps.

11. chrysantha. Fibres of Root without
tubers. Cal. and top of Scape densely covered
with somewhat flexuose, yellow hairs. L. ob-

| Stony cale. hills.

_p. 5,6. Rough hills.

419. CREPIS.

longo-lanceolate, obtuse, attenuate. p. 7, 8?

Val Bagne in the Vallais.
scapes

12. Columnez. “ Root preemorse.,,
tufted, filiform, nearly hairless. L. somewhat
lanceolate, runcinato-dentate, nearly hairless.
Cal. nearly cylindrical, mealy. p. Monte Pol-
lini. Cal. Hadit of Thrincia. Buds nod-
ding.” —DC.

b. Scape nearly leafless, many-flowered.

13. preemorsa. Fl. in a raceme, yellow.
Lower Stalks 1-8-flowered. L. ovali-oblong,
attenuate, denticulate, pubescent. p. 5, 6.
m. Hur.

14. incarnata. Fl. in a corymb, pink.
Cal. cylindrical, hairless. L. oblongo-obovate,
attenuate, crenato-denticulate, softly hirsute.
Carinthia. s. Tyr.

B. frelichiana. ¥. yellow.

15. pulmonariifolia.
nearly leafless, with few flowers. L. membra-
nous, reticulate, ciliate, glaucescent. Root-
L. cordato-ovate, denticulate, on villous stalks.
Stem-L. bract-like. Cal. cylindrical, smooth,
slender. p. Apenn.’—DC.

ce. Stem branched, leafy.

16. paludosa. Crest somewhat yellowish,
rigid, fragile. Bracts and Cal. covered with
black hairs. Stem corymbose, leafy. L. re-
trorsely dentate. Root-L. oblong, attenuate.
Stem-L, hastato-amplexicaul: upper part en-
tire, ending in a long, very acute acumen. p.
6,7. Moist hill woods.

17. chondrilloides. Crest somewhat yel-
lowish. Cal. oblong. Stem erect, few-flowered,
smooth. L. lanceolate, smooth : earliest entire ;
others pinnate or deeply pinnatiparte. Divi-
sions cut immediately into numerous linear
segments. p. 7,8. Stony. e. Alps.

“ Stem erect,

18. foemiculacea. “ Crest white. Pits of
Recept., when young, lacerate. Cal. ovate.
Cal. and Stalk albo-tomentose. Stem erect.
Panicle furrowed, somewhat leafy, glanduloso-
hispid. L. pinnate. Segments linear, mu-
cronate, entire or deeply divided, unequally
decurrent. p. 6,7. Open rocky. Carniola.
Trieste. Fiume.”—DC. Considered by Koch
as a var. of chondrilloides.

B. Stripes of Seeds 20 or more.

i. Stripes 20.

19. succiszefolia. L. oblong, obscurely
toothed. Root-L. attenuate. Stem-L. am-
plexicaul : the lower contracted above the base.

COMPOSITA. 191

Pan. glanduloso-pilose. p. 7, 8. Mountain

meadows, Ger. Sc. Auv. Pyr.
a, mollis. Hieracium molle, Jacg. L.
softly pubescent.
B. integrifolia. H. integrifolium, Horre.
L. hairless.

20. pygmezea. Cal. cano-floccose, on long
and nearly simple stalks. L. stalked, lyrate :
terminal lobe somewhat cordate, dentate, very
large (lateral alternate, minute). p. 7, 8.
Snowy. Alps. Pyr.

21. lapsanoides. “Stem striped, panicu-
lato-corymbose, hairy. L. hairy. Lower L.
lyrato-dentate, auriculato-amplexicaul; upper
L. cordato-amplexicaul, entire. Cal. and Stalks
glanduloso-hispid. Phyll. acute, tiled. p.
6,7. Woods. e. Pyr. Carinthia.”’—DC.

22. blattarioides. lL. oblong, deutate.
Stem-L. amplexicaul: the basal lobes acumi-
nate. Outer Phyll. almost equalling inner :
all covered with long, simple hairs. p. 7, 8.
Mountain meadows. Sw. Sav. Dau.

23. grandiflora. L. glanduloso-pubescent.
Root-L. oblongo-lanceolate, attenuate. Stem-
L. amplexicaul, sagittate. Outer Phyil. spread-
ing, about half as long as inner: all hirsute.
p- 7. 8. Mountain pastures. Alps. Pyr.

ii. Stripes 30.

24. sibirica. L. wrinkled, elliptico-ob-
long. Lower stem-L. attenuate into a deeply-
toothed, amplexicaul haft. Outer Phyll. lax,
shorter than inner. p. 7, 8. Mountain woods.
Silesia.

C. Hairs of Crest somewhat subulate. Stem
one-flowered.

25. hyoseridifolia. Cal. thick and very
hairy. Stem leafy, thickened upwards. All
L. lyrato-runcinate, stalked : uppermost linear.
p. 7,8. Very high. Sw.s. w. G.

26. montana. Edges of Pits of the Recept.
finely lacerate. Cal. very hairy. L. elliptico-
oblong, dentate. Stem-L. amplexicaul. Stem
leafy at base. p. 6,7. Mountain meadows.
s. w. G. Sw. Fr.

@tnensis, PRESL. )
glandulosa, BASTARD.

levigata, DUMORTIER. f
paniculata, PRESL. )

Not well known.

420. BARKHAUSIA.

A. Lony beaks to all the seeds. Calyx tiled.
1. albida. Outer Phyll. ovate; inner acu-

minate. Stem nearly naked and nearly simple.
L. rough. Most of the root-L. runeinato-
dentate. Stem-L. lanceolato-oblong, amplexi-
caul. p. LMssures of rocks. Alps of Dau. and
Piedmont.

2. alpestris. Outer Phyll. linear; inner
somewhat obtuse. Stem 1-flowered, nearly
leafless, tomentose at top. L. runcinate and
dentate. Stem-L. oblong, sessile, toothed.
p- 6, 7. Dry rocky. Alps of Sw. Danube.
The Seeds are clearly beaked, though the beak
as a thick one.

B. Ali the Seeds nearly equally beated.
Calyx calycled.
i. Outer Phyllaries broad, scariose.
SCUIIOSE.

3. alpina. “ Somewhat hairy. Stem erect,
striate, forked at top or somewhat corymbose.
L. dentate: lower obovato-oblong, attenuate;
upper auriculato-semiamplexicaul. Fl. on long
stalks. Outer Phyll. wide ovate, hairless:
inner rough with torulose scales. a. Moun-
tains. Prov. Pdm.”—DC,

4. vesicaria. Outer Phyll. not mucronate;
inner even, nearly smooth, sometimes hoary
and hairy. L. runcinato-dentate or runcinato-
pinnatifid. b. 5, 6. Pastures and road-sides.
It. Fiume. According to Koch, wt is vesicaria
when the outer phyllaries are much shorter
than the inner, scariosa when they are nearly
equal. DC. seems to make the difference de-
pend on a L. merely sinuate in vesicaria, and
runcinate im scariosa.

Bracts

5. purpurea. Hardly hairy. Stem some-
what panicled, few-leaved. Root-L. stalked,
lyrato-runcinate. Stem-L. semiamplexicaul, cor-
dato-lanceolate. Outer Phyll. somewhat mucro-
nate. Differs from vesicaria in the purple flow-
ers and longer beaks to the seeds. p. Apul.
Pal.—DC. a. 5, 6. Open pastures. Sic.—
GUSS.

ii. Outer Phyllaries narrow, not scariose, or
only so on the margin. Bracts leafy.

a. Perennial.

6. taraxacifolia. Outer Phyll. lanceolate
or ovato-lanceolate. Seeds with 10 stripes.
Stem erect, leafy, corymbose, purple at the
base. Root-L. stalked, lyrato-runcinate or run-
cinato-pimnatifid. p. 5, 6. Dry gravelly or cale.

B. precox, Dusy. Upper L. auricled.

y. intybacea. Upper L. auricled. Phyl.

hairless.

7. bursifolia. Smooth. Cal. hzspid, ey-
lindrical. Outer Phyll. lineari-subulate. FI.

192 420. BARKHAUSIA.

somewhat corymbose. Root-L. stalked, lyrato-
ae Div. oblong, dentate. Stem-

L. very few, sessile. p. 4-9. Dry 'y hills. Palermo.
Gaeta.

B. balbisiana. Phyll. not hispid.

8. spatulata. “Smooth. Stem branched :
upper part nearly naked. Root-L. spatulato-
oblong: upper part retrorsely denticulate.
Stem-L. very few, sessile, lanceolate, quite en-
tire. Branches 1-flowered. Scales few. Cal.
hairy. Outer Phyll. half or one-third as long
as inner, erect, acute, with a narrow scarlose
margin. p. 11-5. Clay. Sic.’—Guss.

9. czespitosa. ‘“‘ Rhizoma tufted. Stems
simple, 1-flowered, or with 1-2 1-flowered
branches. Lower L. obversely lanceolate or
spatulate, somewhat repando-dentate; upper
linear, entire. Buds drooping. Phyl. hirtu-
lo-pubescent : outer narrow linear, lanceolate.
Seeds with 10 or 12 stripes, at last a little
shorter than the calyx. Pits of the Recept.
frmged. p.6. Calc. rocks. Monte Olione
in Sard.”— Moris.

b. Annual or biennial.

10. setosa. Phyll. and Bracts armed with
prickle-like spines. Outer Phyll. lanceolate,
spreading. Stem erect, branched, leafy. L.
dentato- or lyrato-runcinate: upper sagittate,
inciso-dentate at base, or quite entire. F'.-
buds erect. a. 7, 8. Fields and vineyards. 8.
G. s. Fr. Italy.

11. leontodontoides. Phyll. and Bracts
smooth. Outer Phyll. lineari-subulate. Seeds
with 10 stripes. Stem branched, with only a
few, linear, entire L. Fl.-stalks long. b. 5, 6.
Woods and thickets. Lig. Sic.

C. Outer Seeds without a beak or with a short
one; nner with a long one. Outer Phyl-
laries small.

12. rubra. Outer Phyll. lanceolate, acu-
minate, smooth; inner shorter than the cen-
tral seeds. Stem leafy at base, branched,
naked at top. Root-L. pinnatifido-runcinate,
stalked. Stem-L. sessile, lanceolate, incise at
base. Fl. pink. a.6, 7. Pastures and way-
sides. K. Nap. Nice? Osero. Mtp.? Agen ?

13. glandulosa. Cal. and Stalk rough
with glandular hairs. Stem quite simple at
base, corymbose. Lower L. runcinate, stalked;
upper lanceolate, sagittate, sessile, dentate at
base. a. 4-6. Dry cale. Bocco di Falco,
Nap. Catania.

14. foetida. Hispid. Fi. drooping in the

bud. Phyll. hairy : the outer lanceolate. Seeds
with 12-20 stripes. Stem corymbose. L.
acutely runcinato-pinnatifid: lower stalked ;
upper hastato-lanceolate, incise at the base. a-
Dry fields and borders.

15. rheeadifolia. Rough. Phyll. glan-
dular and villoso-hispid. Stem branched, dif-
fuse. Li. runcinate. Div. acuminate, acutely
dentate. a. 6,7. Brunn in Moravia.

16. bellidifolia. “Outer Phyll. narrow,
lanceolato-linear; inner longer than central
seeds. Seeds with 10 stripes. Lower L. en-
tire or runcinato-pinnatifid; middle auricled,
or sometimes sagittate; upper linear, entire.
F.-buds drooping. a. 4, 5. Sandy shores and
uncult. Sard.’ — Moris. The description
does not distinguish this from the preceding.
DC. puts tt with the species where all the
seeds are equally beaked, which, according to
Moris, is not the case.

sardoa, SPRENGEL.
pinguis, RCHB.
Juvenalis, DELILE.
prostrata, DUMONT.
tenerrima, TENORE. J

Not well known.

Tribe XIII. CHONDRILLEZ.
421. PHASNOPUS.

l. vimineus. Stem terete, smooth.
Lower L. pinnatipartite ; upper undivided : all
decurrent. Fl. in a spike-like raceme. b.
7, 8. Stony vineyards, §c. s. Fr. s. e. G.

B. ramosissimus. (Prenanthes ramosissimus,
ALLIONI.) Branches spinescent. Sandy
shores. Nice.

422, LACTUCA.
A. Outer Phyll. about half as long as inner.

i. Seed with a single elevated line on each
side. Flowers blue or purple. Stem
erect im all.

1. perennis. Smooth. Stem nearly naked
at top, with a loose, corymbose panicle. All
L. pinnatipartite. Stalks long, bracteolate. p.
6,7. Openrough hills. m. ands. Kur.

2. tenerrima. Sometimes hispid at base.
Branches divaricate. Lower L. lyrato-pinna-
tipartite; uppermost sagittate, entire. F'l.-
stalks nearly without bracts. p. Rocky hills.
Narb. Rous.

3. cichoriifolia. Smooth. Stem nearly

COMPOSIT A. 193

naked at top. Pan. lax, corymbose. Lower
L. attenuate, acuminate, runcinato - dentate.
Teeth somewhat retrorse. Uppermost L. lan-
ceolato-linear, sagittate, quite entire. Stalks
bracteolate. Var. of Sp. 1? p. 6, 7. e. Pyr.

4, segusiana. Smooth. Stem erect, much
branched. Lower L. attenuate, sessile ; upper L.
linear, sagittate. Branches 1-flowered, with
numerous bracts. b. Hill vineyards. Susa.

ii. Seeds with many elevated stripes. Flowers
yellow.

5. saligma. Stem smooth, panicled. L.
nearly vertical, prickly on keel: lower lanceo-
late, pinnatifid. Stem-L. linear, sagittate,
quite entire. Seeds half as long as white beak.
a. (b. Kocu.) elds and borders. Likes a
hittle salt.

6. Seariola. Pan. pyramidal. L. vertical,
prickly on the keel, runcinato-pinnatifid, sagit-
tate, acute. Seeds striate, about as long as
white beak. a.b. 7, 8. Rough hills and
waysides.

7. virosa. Pan. spreading. L. horizontal,
prickly on keel, acutely denticulate, obtuse,

sagittate. Lower L. simuate. Seeds about as
long as white beak. a.b. 7,8. Banks and
wncult.

8. sativa. L. erect, oblong, attenuate,
smooth on keel. Stem long, leafy. Beak
white, about as long as seed. a. 6,7. Es-
capes.

9. stricta. Pan. corymbose. L. smooth
beneath. Root- and lower L. runcinato-lyrate,
dentate. Upper L. runcinato-pinnatifid, at-
tenuate, sagittate. Divisions acuminate. Seeds
twice as long as black beak. b. 7, 8. Stony
fills. Tende. Rosslesen. e. G.

10. sagittata. Pan. corymbose. L. smooth
beneath, sagittate: the points short. Root-L.
sinuato-dentate; upper lanceolate, acuminate,
quite entire. Seed twice as long as black
beak. b.7, 8. Woods. Brunn in Moravia.

ll. Ghaixi. Fl.inaraceme. L. smooth
beneath. Root-L. lyrato-runcinate. Stem-L.
lanceolate, sagittate, dentate. Seeds about twice
as long as black beak. a. Shade. Les Baux,
Rabon, and Chandun in Dau.

12. longidentata. Pan. crowded. Root-
L. lanceolato-spatulate, attenuate into stalk.
Stem-L. auricled, decurrent. Fl.-stalks brac-
teolate. Seed twice as long as black beak. a.
b. 5. Cale. rocks. _ e. Sard.

B. Outer Phyl. very minute. Calyx cylin-
drical. Beak distinct, but not half as long
as seed.

13. muralis. Smooth. Pan. broad and
lax. LL, attenuate into a winged, amplexicaul
stalk, lyrato-pinnatipartite, toothed, thin: ter-
minal division angular. a. 7, 8. Woody.
Prenanthes muralis, LINN.

423. TARAXACUM.

A. Scape simple, 1-flowered. Seeds with long
Beaks. Outer Phyllaries spreading.

1. officinale. Quite smooth. Seeds mu-
ricate at top. Phyll. without horns; the outer
reflected. p. 5,6. Meadows, &e.

2. leevigatum. “Nearly smooth. Seeds
pale, spinuloso-muricate at top. Phyll. callous
at the tip. Beak thickened at the base, longer
than seed. L. runcinato-pinnatipartite. Seg-
ments unequal, lanceolate, acuminate, some-
what dentate. p. Meadows, pastures, and dry
hills.’—DC.

3. corniculatum. Smooth. Seeds mu-
riculate at top. Phyll. horned below the tip.
Young Scales cottony at top. L. dentate or
somewhat runcinate. p. Sandy pastures.
Austria.—DC. Koch considers these three as
one species.

4. serotinum. Phyll. linear, acuminate,
hornless. Seeds striate, narrowed at each end,
muricuate at top, nearly as long as beak. (Un-
coloured part of Beak as long as the seed and
coloured part, Kocu.) L. rough on both sides,
and somewhat rigid; the earliest nearly entire,
the rest runcinato-pinnatifid, with triangular
divisions, and acute forward teeth. p. 7-9.
Dry clayey hills. Moravia.

5. tenuifolium. Seeds lineari-obovate,
squamoso-muricate at top. Uncoloured part
of Beak not as long as the seed and coloured
part. LL. lineari-lanceolate, entire or remotely
denticulate. p. 4,5. Morst places. Salines
of Zaule near Trieste.

6. erythrospermum. “Seeds intensely
rufous, spinuloso-muricate at the top. Beak
with a coloured, callous base. Phyll. some-
what horned. L. smooth, runcinato-pinnati-
partite. Lobes narrowly triangular or lanceo-
late. p. Dry pastures. All Kurope.”’—DC.
Probably a var, of T. officale or levigatum.

7. obovatum. “Smooth. Seeds rufous,
muricate, half as long as beak. Phyll. cal-
loso-corniculate, Root-L. flat on the ground,

Zn

194 423. TARAXACUM.

obovate, hardly dentate ; later ones runcinato-
pinnatifid. p. Moist and fields. s. Wur.’—DC.

8. alpestre. Quite smooth. Beak angu-
lar, shorter than seed! Outer Phyll. ovate.
L. lyrato-runcinate. Divisions 5, remotely
denticulate. p. Riesengebirge. Not im Koch.

B. Outer Phyllaries erect.

9. palustre. Smooth. Seeds spinuloso-
muricate at top, not half as long as beak.
Phyll. hornless; the outer lanceolate, acute.
p. 6,7. Marshy.

10. minimum. “ L. oblong-ovate ; the first
entire, the others runcinato-pinnatifid. Seg-
ments ovate. Outer Phyll. mucronate below
the summit. p.9,10. Monte Peregrino near
Palermo.”—Guss.

424. WILLEMETIA.

1. apargioides. Scape many-flowered.
Cal. black-haired. p. 7, 8. Mountain woods.
s. G. Sw. Pyr.

425. CHONDRILLA.

1. juncea. Stem setose at base, smooth
above, branched, nearly leafless. Root-L. run-
cinate, somewhat strigose; upper linear, not

ciliate. FJ. spiked. Beak half as long again
as seed. Seed ending in 5 lanceolate teeth.
b. 6-8. Gravelly, open. .m. and s. Kur,

B. rigens, Rous. Stem-L. elliptico-lanceo-
late, rigidly ciliate. Vallais. Italy? Rhine.

2. prenanthoides. Smooth. Root-L.
oblongo-lanceolate, attenuate, entire or sinu-
ato-dentate. Stem branched, nearly naked.
Corymb fastigiate. Seed about as long as beak,
ending in a short crenulate crown. p. 7, 8.
Gravelly. s.e.G. Grisons.

Sub-order II. RADIATA.

Tribe I. INULEZZ.
426. BUPHTHALMUM.

A. Tube of Florets narrowed downwards.
Anthers hardly tailed. Seeds of Ray with
three wings. Crest scariose.

1. salicifolium. L. linear or oblongo-lan-
ceolate. Seeds of the Ray truncate. p. 7, 8.
Grassy hills and thickets. s. G. Sw. s. It.

Lower L. ovate, coarsely
Seeds of the Ray with 2 acuminate

2. inuloides.
dentate.

horns.
Sardinia.

w.5, 6. Cale. rocks. Tavclora in

B. Tube of Florets narrowed downwards.
Anthers with long tails. Seeds linear,
somewhat obcompressed, ribbed, wingless.

3. cordifolium. L. stalked, cordate, doubly
calloso-serrate: upper ovate, sessile, simply
serrate. p. 8. Hilly. Boh. Fiume.

4. speciosissimum. L. ovali-cordate, ser-
rate, acute, amplexicaul: lower oblongo-ovate,
narrowed at base. p. 6-8. Mountain valleys.
s. Alps. s. Tyr.

C. Tube of Florets of Disc thickening down-
wards. Anthers with long tails. Seeds
somewhat obcompressed, without wings.
Crests all coroniform.

5. maritimum. Fl. solitary, at the ends
of the branches. L. oblongo-spatulate, villous.
Phyll. spatulate. w. Maritime rocks.

6. aquaticum. Fil. sessile, axillary and
terminal. L. oblong, obtuse. a. 5. Movrst
coasts.

D. Tube of Rays with two wings, of Disc
with one. Seeds three-edged, somewhat
villous. Crest of Rays dimidiate.

7. spinosum. L. obovato- or oblongo-lan-

ceolate. Outer Phyll. spinous, spreading. a.
b. 5-8. Coasts. Mdt. -

427. PULICARIA.

A. Outer Crest setuloso-laciniate.

1. vulgaris. Stem panicled. L. semiam-
plexicaul, oblong, acute, undulate, villous, nearly
entire. Stalks 1-flowered, opposite L. Rays
very short. a. 7,8. Moist clay, occ. Not
im Srerly.

2. dentata. ‘“ Woolly, much branched. L.
linear, undulate, denticulate; lower obtuse, at-
tenuate into stalk; upper amplexicaul, acute.

Stalks 1-flowered. FI. globose. Rays hardly
exceeding phyllaries. a. 6-8. Moist. Sic.”
—Guss.

B. Outer Crest a crenulate crown.

3. dysenterica. Stem panicled, many-
flowered. Stem L. aurito-amplexicaul, ovato-
oblong, nearly entire. Stalks 1-flowered, axil-
lary and terminal. p. 7,8. Movs.

4. odora. Stem few-flowered, nearly sim-
ple. LL. villous, remotely denticulate. Root-L.
stalked, ovate. Stem L. auriculato-amplexi-
caul. Stalks about 3 together, axillary and
terminal. p. 4-6. Coasts. Madt.

COMPOSIT &. 195

5. viscosa, Viscid. Fl. in a pyramidal
raceme, compound at base. L. lanceolate, ser-
vate. p. 7,8. Coasts of Mat.

428. JASONIA.

A. Seeds villous at base, glandular at top.

1. glutinosa. Fl. discoid. Piant glutinous.
L. lineari-lanceolate, quite entire, often twisted.
Branches leafy to the end. w. p. 6,7. Open
rocks. Prov. Rous. Sie.

B. Seeds nearly terete, everywhere villous.

2. tuberosa. Somewhat shrubby. Root
preemorse, tuberous, woody. L. linear or some-
what lanceolate, quite entire. Branches with
few L. Rays exceeding Phyll. p. Open. mat.
France.

3. sicula. Herbaceous. Root slender. Root-
L. lanceolate, dentate. Stem-L. linear, semi-
amplexicaul, quite entire. Branches with few
L. a.? or p. 8-10. Moist sandy coasts.
mdt. Fr. Sic. Outer Flts. sometimes very short
or tubular.

429. INULA.

In most species of this genus the outer phylla-
ries are of a different form and substance from
the inner, and, except in the last section, are
composed of two parts—a thick and firm scale,
with a leafy termination. The extreme outer
ones sometimes have this leafy part much
enlarged, and uniting with small L. at the top
of the flower-stalk: they form an involucrum
on the outside of the common calyx.

A. Inner Phyllaries obtuse; outer leafy. Sp. 1.

B. Inner Phyllaries acute; outer with leafy
appendage.
i. Rays shorter than tubular florets.
Sp. 2, 3.
ii. Rays exceeding tubular Florets.
a. Seeds not hairy.

* Outer Phyllaries woolly or tomen-
tose. Sp. 4-8.

** Outer Phyllaries smooth. Sp. 9-12.

*** Outer Phyllaries with strong bul-
bous hairs. Sp. 13, 14.
b. Seeds hairy. Sp. 15-18.
©. Outer Phyllaries not of two parts. Sp.
19, 20.

A.. Inner Phyllaries spatulate, obtuse ; outer
leafy.

1. Helenium. L. dentate, velvety beneath.

Stem-L. cordate, acuminate. Seeds hairless,

4-edged. p. 7, 8. Moist meadows and banks,
n. Hur. oce.

B. Inner Phyllaries finely acute; outer a
scale with a leafy appendage.
i. Rays shorter than calyx.

2. Conyza. Rays deeply divided on one
side, hardly ligulate. Phyll. hairy. Appen-
dage very short, glandular, somewhat squar-
rose. Stem panicled. IL. attenuate into haft,
which is somewhat dilated at base, but not
amplexicaul nor decurrent ; hairy on both sides.
Seeds hairy. p. 6,7. Dry, chiefly calc.

3. bifroms. Rays few, ligulate. Phyl. ©
glandular. Stem panicled. L. dilated at base,
cordate, and somewhat decurrent, glandular on
both sides. Seeds smooth. b. 7, 8. Moist
shady. s. Fr. It.

ii. Rays exceeding calyx.
a. Seeds hairless.
* Outer Phyllaries woolly or tomentose.

4. germanica. Phyll. woolly at the back.
Corymb compound, crowded. IL. oblongo-
lanceolate, hairy on surface and rough on
margin. Stem-L. cordate at base. p. 7, 8.
Stony. Sax. Palat. Aust. Boh.

5. media. Cal. somewhat ventricose. Phyll.
nearly smooth, ciliate. Corymb nearly simple,
crowded. IL. lanceolate, hairy on surface and
rough on margin. Stem-L. cordate at base.
p. 7,8. Hill meadows. Between Kreuznach
and Bingen. Palat.— Kocu.

6. hybrida. ‘‘ Outer Phyll. somewhat vil-
lous on back and margin, with | to 3 lanceo-
late, 3-nerved bracts. Corymb crowded, about
5-flowered. L. narrow lanceolate, acute, re-
motely and obscurely denticulate, venoso-ner-
vose, rough and somewhat woolly on margin,
otherwise hairless. Perhaps a hybrid between
germanica avd ensifolia. p. 7,8. On the
Kahlenberg near Vienna.’—Kocu.

7. ensifolia. Appendage ovato-lanceolate,
3-5 nerved: lower longer, and passing into a
leafy involucrum. Base of Cal. and top of
stalk woolly. Fl. few, somewhat corymbose. L.
narrow lanceolato-linear, nerved, ciliato-sca-
brous. Surface not hairy. p. 7,8. Rocky
hills. It.'s. e. .G:

8. Waillantii. Appendage somewhat squar-
rose, woolly at back. Fl. corymbose. Cal.
and top of Stalks woolly. L. lanceolate, hairy,
narrow at base. p. 8,9. Worst thickets and
mountan meadows. Ww. Alps.

2c2

196 429. INULA.

** Outer Phyllaries smooth.

9. spireeifolia. ‘ Rough, with hairs. Stem
simple, with crowded corymb at top. L. sessile,
oblong, cartilagineo-denticulate and muricate,
rigid, reticulate. Phyll. ovate, obtuse, squar-
rose, hairless. p. Pdm. Carniola. adr. G.’—
DC. Query if a var. of 1. hybrida of Koch.

10. squarrosa. Phyll. ciliate, otherwise
hairless. Appendages ovate, nervoso-venose,
short, squarrose. Cal. sometimes involucrate.
Fil. corymbose. L. elliptico-oblong. pp. 7, 8.
Stony woods. s. Kur. :

11. salicina. Phyll. ciliate; outer other-
wise smooth. Appendage ovato-subulate, 1-
nerved. Cal. sometimes involucrate. Fl. few,
somewhat corymbose. LL. oblongo-lanceolate,
dilated at base, cordate and amplexicaul, hair-
less on surface. p. 6,7. Thickets and rough
pastures. s. and m. Hur,

12. semiampilexicaulis. ‘“ Stem some-
what villous, corymbose at top. L. semiam-
plexicaul, oblongo-lanceolate, acute, calloso-
serrate, hairless above, pubescent beneath.
Outer Phyll. oblongo-lanceolate, spreading,
leafy: inner linear, hairless. Rays twice as
long as calyx. Seeds hairless. Perhaps a
hybrid between salicina and Vaillanti. op.
Cuneo in Pdm. La Batie near Geneva.”—DC.

*** Outer Phyllaries with strong bulbous
hairs. |

13. hirta. Appendage ovate or oblongo-
lanceolate, vey, with bulbose hairs, erect,
equalling inner phyllaries. Stem nearly simple.
Fl. solitary or rarely somewhat corymbose.
L. elliptic, sometimes enlarged and rounded at
base, sessile, hairy. p.5, 6. Rough grassy
falls. mm. ands. Hur. oce.

14. helenoides. Appendage narrowly ova-
to-lanceolate, with bulbous hairs, erect, exceed-
ing inner phyllaries, and passing into a leafy
involucrum. Fl. solitary or somewhat corym-

bose. LL. elliptic, hairy, sessile. (Recept. se-
tulose in the middle, DC.) p. 8,9. Rough.
Pyr. Gen.

b. Seeds hairy.

15. suaveolens. Phyll. hairy. Appen-
dage ovate, acute, nerveless, rough with glands,
somewhat squarrose. Stem corymbose. L. el-
liptic, hairy and glandular: lower attenuate
into a long stalk. p. 9. Monfalcone. It.
Not recently found. Var. of 1. Conyza?

16. Oculus-Christi. Phyll. lanceolate :
the outer gradually shorter, villous. Stem
woolly, 2-5-flowered. L. oblong, somewhat

obtnse, woolly: lower attenuate into stalk ;
upper cordato-amplexicaul at base. . 6, 7.
Open barren. s. e. G.

17. britannica. Phyll. woolly: outer
equallmg or exceeding inner, acute. Stem
woolly, somewhat corymbose. lL. oblong,
acute, dilated and cordato-amplexicaul at base,
villous. p.7, 8. Meadows and moist banks.
m. and s. Kur.

18. montana. Phyll. villous: outer shorter
than inner, hardly as long as scale, nearly erect,
nerveless. Stem nearly simple. Fl. solitary.
Root-L. spatulate. Stem-L. few and small,
oblongo-lanceolate, somewhat amplexicaul. p.
7, 8. Barren open. s. Hur.

©. Outer Phyllaries acute, not composed of
two parts. Seed villous.

19. erithmoides. Shrubby, quite smooth.
Stem corymbose. L. linear, fleshy, blunt, en-
tire or with three terminal teeth. w. p. 7-9.
Maritime rocks and salt marshes.

20. graveolens. Viscido-pilose. Stem
branched and flowery from base. LL. linear,
sessile, glandular. Inner Phyll. scariose, with
green midrib. a. 8, 9. Moist gravel. It.
Istr. s. Fr.

Inula provincialis of Linn. ts not known.

Tribe Il, ASTERINE A.
430. SOLIDAGO.

1. Virga-aurea. Pan. or Rac. erect. L.
of Stem lanceolate, serrate. Lower L. elliptic,
stalked. Phyll. linear, acute. Rays about 8.
Seeds downy. p..

a. Stem flexuose, branched, pubescent.
Branches of Pan. many-flowered. Cal.
nearly smooth. Very common.

B. ericetorum. Lower L, lanceolate; upper
lineari-lanceolate, nearly entire. Fl. small,
racemose. Sandy.

y. alpestris. Stem and L, hairless. Rac.
erect, crowded. Cal. nearly smooth.
Lilly.
cambrica. Stem simple, pubescent at top.
L. long lanceolate, cuneate at base, hairy
on the nerves. Rac. crowded. Hilly.

. minuta. Stem simple, smooth. L. long
lanceolate. Branches of Rac. 1-flowered,
two or three inches high. Mountains.

¢. littoralis. Velvety. Stem simple. L.

Ga

fu)

COMPOSITA, 197

obovato-lanceolate, nearly entire. Rac.
crowded, oblong. Fl. rather large. Shore
of Tuse.

n. reticulata. Stem pubescent, branched.
L. oblongo-lanceolate, entire, rugose,
ciliate, reticulato-venose beneath. e. Pyr.

. nudiflora. Hairless. LL. elliptic, acumi-
nate, attenuate: the uppermost entire.
Stalks naked, 1-2-flowered, Monte Ta-
luno, Cors.

S

431. LINOSYRIS.

1. vulgaris. L. linear, hairless, without
dots. Fl. corymbose. Phyll. with appendages,
squarrose, p. Open rocky. m. ands. Hur.

432. ASTER.

[Arrangement from De Candolle.]
A. All the Phyllaries herbaceous, nearly
equal.

1. alpinus. Stem l-flowered. L. very
entire. Root-L. spatulato-oblong. Stem-L.
lanceolate. Phyll. lax, oblong. Seeds hirsute.
p. 7-9. Mountain pastures. Alps. Pyr.

B. brachyglossus. Lower L. linear; even

the root-L. are hardly spatulate. Rays
not exceeding disc. Szowy. Mont
Fluve in the Vallais.

2. pyrenzeus. Somewhat corymbose.

Branches 1-flowered, leafy. L. semiamplexi-
ceaul, lanceolate, acuminate, remotely serrate at
top, hispid on both sides. Phyll. lax, lineari-
lanceolate, finely acute. p. 7-9. Mountains.
Hsquierri in Pyr,

B. Phyllaries ciliate, squarrose : outer herb-
aceous ; inner membranous and coloured,
at least at the top. Flowers somewhat co-
rymbose.

3. Amelius. Stem few-flowered. LL. ob-
longo-lanceolate, acute, somewhat serrate,
somewhat 3-nerved, pubescenti-scabrous. Phyl.
in 4 or 5 rows, short and obtuse, spreading.
p. 8-10. Open hills. s. and m. Eur.

B. Pseudo-amellus. Covered with spread-

ing hairs. Lower L. obovate, attenuate.
Phyll. obtuse, ciliate.

C. All Phyllaries membranous on margin,
especially towards the base.
i. Root-L. attenuate. Stem-L. somewhat ex-
panded at the base and semiamplexicaul.

4. brumalis. Stem racemose. Branches

usually 1-flowered. L. lanceolate, acuminate,
amplexicaul, rough on margin: lower serrate
in the middle. Phyll. lax, nearly equal: lower
spreading from base. p. 10, 11. scapes on
banks of streams in a sandy soil, Ger.

5. Wovi-Belgii. Corymb decompound,
Branches rigid. L. lanceolate, somewhat am-
plexicaul, acute, rough on the margin. Lower
L. serrate in the middle. Phyll. lax, nearly
equal: lower spreading from base ; innermost
acuminate. p. 9,10. scapes on banks of
streams in a sandy soul, Fr. G.

6. salignus. Stem panicled. Branches
rod-like, corymbose at top. LL. lanceolate, at-
tenuate, serrate in the middle, rough on margin:
upper semiamplexicaul ; those of the branches
few, linear, erect. Phyll. closely tiled, spread-
ing only at the tips. p. Banks of rivers.
Strasb. Als. G.

ii. Stem-L. oblongo-lanceolate, linear or su-
bulate: those on the branches very small.

7. leucanthemus. “Stem panicled.
Branches racemose. Stem-L. sessile, long
lineari-lanceolate, acuminate, rough towards
the margin, entire, or with 1-3 small, remote
serratures in the middle. L. of Fl.-stalks
linear, spreading. Phyll. adpressed, but some-
what spreading at the tip. p. 8,9. Na-
turalized on the Spree near Berlin.” —Kocu.

8. parviflorus. “ Stem panicled. Second-
ary branches racemose. Stem-L. sessile, lan-
ceolate, acuminate, remotely serrulate, rough
towards the margin. Phyll. adpressed, but
spreading at the tip. p. 8,9. Occasionally
naturalized on the Rhine, Maine, and Elbe.”
—Kocu. De Candolle describes the inflores-
ence of these two American species in the
same terms. He says the stem of the first is
marked with lines of hairs, and describes that
of the latter as pubescent.

D. Phyllaries in two rows, obtuse, striate:
inner membranous.

9. Tripolium. Stemssmooth. L. some-
what fleshy, lneari-lanceolate or lanceolate.
Root-L. broader, 3-nerved, obtuse, attenuate.
Branches corymbose. All Phyll. obtuse; in-
ner large, smooth. p. 8, 9. Salt marshes.
The rays are frequently wanting.

433, GALATELLA.

A. L. with dots.
1. punctata. Rough. Stem erect, terete,
somewhat corymbose. L. linear, acute, or lineari-
lanceolate; 3-nerved; upper l-nerved. LL. of

198

branches small, lineari-subulate. Cal. obconi-
cal. Phyll. lanceolate, acute, shorter than
disc. p.9. m.ands. Eur.

2. cana. Canescent with soft hairs. Stem
corymbose. LL. lanceolato-oblong, mucronate,
quite entire, 3-nerved. Phyll. in 4 rows,
ovato-lanceolate, acute, scarcely membranous
on the margin. Rays twice as long as disc.
p. 8,9. Boggy thickets. Moravia.

B. L. without dots.

3. rigida. Stem erect, somewhat striate,
corymbose. lL. lanceolato-linear, mucronato-
acute, quite entire, 8-nerved. Rays exceeding
disc. p. 10. Vineyards. Meldas. Provence.
Languedoc.

434, STENACTIS.

1. annua. Stem erect, corymbose. Lower
L. ovate; upper lanceolate, dentato-serrate,

somewhat hairy. Phyll. bristly. a. 7, 8.
(p. Kocu.) on. It. Rhine, &c.
435. BELLIDIASTRUM.
1. Michelii. L.spatulate. Scape naked.
p. 6,7. Woody mountams. m. Kur.
436. BELLIUM.
1. bellidioides. Stoloniferous. Root-L.

spatulate, entire, very attenuate. Scape 2 or
3 times as long as L. a. Morst sea-rocks.
Corsica. Sardinia.

2. mivale. Not stoloniferous. Root-L.
spatulate, entire, somewhat attenuate. Scape
villous at top, hardly exceeding L. a.? High

Cors. Sard.

3. crassifolium. Not stoloniferous. Stem
short, much divided, somewhat ascending. L.
fleshy, quite entire, obovate, attenuate into a
long stalk, somewhat pubescent. F.-stalk 3
or 4 times as long as L. p. Sea-rocks. St.
Elia, St. Peter, Cala Vinagra, all in Sard.

mountains.

437. BELLIS.

A. Annual, caulescent.

1. dentata. Stem branched at base, diffuse,
somewhat hispid. L. obovate, coarsely den-
tate, cuneate at base. Phyll. hardly acute.
All the Flts. bearded at the base. a. Movst.
Pisa. Ver. Nap. Sic.

2. annua. Stem diffuse, somewhat hispid.
L. somewhat dentate, attenuate. Flts. hair-

©

433. GALATELLA.

less at base. a. 4-6.

Dry meadows. Coasts
of Mdt.

B. Perennial, hardly caulescent.

3. perennis. L. spatulato-obovate, cre-
nato-dentate, pubescent, veined. p. 8-9. Mea-
dows, Sc.

4. sylvestris. L. obovate, crenate, 3-
nerved. p. 9-5. Open fields. Prov. It.
Llowers in autumn and winter, and is much
larger than the common Daisy.

438. HRIGHRON.

1. canadensis. Stem panicled. L. li-
neari-lanceolate, ciliate. Rays inconspicuous,
not exceeding disc. Seed oblong, hairy. a.
7, 8. Sandy. Escapes.

2. acris. Somewhat hirsute. Stem erect,
leafy, racemose. Stalks 1-8-flowered. LL.
oblong, quite entire: lower attenuate ; upper
sessile. Crest twice as long as seed. Rays
erect, exceeding disc. Inner fertile Flts.
tubular, filiform. b. orp. 7,8. Dry.

B. drebachensis. . narrower, hairy only
on margin.

3. Willarsii. Stem erect, somewhat viscid,
2-8-flowered or somewhat panicled. L. lan-
ceolate, 3-nerved, quite entire, rough, sessile.
Cal. and Stalks glanduloso-pubescent. Rays
spreading, twice as long as disc. Inner fertile
Fits. numerous, filiform, tubular. p. Moun-
tas. w. Alps.

4, alpinus. Stems tufted, hairy, 1- or few-
flowered. LL. lanceolate, somewhat acute, vil-
lous or ciliate, quite entire. Phyll. subulate
at top. Rays spreading, twice as long as
disc. Inner fertile Flts. numerous, filiform,
tubular. Crest hardly longer than seed. p.
7, 8. Mountain pastures. Alps, &c.

B. grandiflorus. ¥\. twice as large.

5. uniflorus. 1-flowered. Cal. very
woolly. Rays spreading, twice as long as
disc. All the female Fl. ligulate. L. lanceo-
late, hirsute: lower smoother, attenuate into
astalk. p. 7,8. Very high grassy. Alps.

6. glabratus. 1-3-flowered. Cal. pubes-
centi-hirtous. Rays spreading, twice as long
as disc. All female Fits. ligulate. L. lanceo-
late, smooth or somewhat hairy : lower attenu-
ate into stalk. p. 7, 8. Mountains. Alps.

HELIANTHUS.
Two species of Helianthus ave found in

COMPOSITE. 199

field cultivation in Germany: HH. annuus, the
common sunflower, which is cultivated for the
oil obtained from the seeds, and H. tuberosus,
the Jerusalem artichoke.

Tribe III. GALINSOGEZ,
439. BIDENS.

1. bipinnata. Seeds linear, smooth, twice
as long as calyx. lL. bipinnate. Lts. incise.
a. 7-9. Margins. s. Tyr. Mtp.

2. tripartita. Seeds obovate, with back-
ward prickles. Bristles 2 or 3. Outer L.
tripartite: divisions lanceolate, serrate. a.
1-9. Wet.

3. cernua. Seeds cuneate, with 4 bristles
armed with backward prickles. L. undivided,
lanceolate, serrate, somewhat connate. a. 8,
9. Wet.

B. Fl. radiate. Coreopsis Bidens, LINN.

4. bullata. Seeds obovate, with forward
prickles at base and backward at top. Bristles 2.
L. broad ovate, coarsely toothed, rough, some-
times with two small lateral lobes. a. 8, 9.
Wet. Padua. Vercelli.

440. GALINSOGA.

1. parviflora. Nearly smooth. Recept.
conical. Pales of Crest 8-16. p. 7, 8.
Sandy cult. Carlsruhe. n. G. oce.

Tribe IV. ANTHEMIDEH.

441, ANTHEMIS.

T have been unable to do better than to fol-
low De Candolle in this genus, though much
dissatisfied with his characters, and unable
from them to make an analysis of the genus.
His divisions are—

A. Seeds quite bald.
i. Rays white. Sp. 1-6.
ii. Rays very short. Sp. 7.
B. Seeds with a short crown. Sp. 8-22.
To which I add—

C. Rays neuter. Tube of Florets winged,
but without any spur. (Maruta and Lyo-
nettia, DC.) . Sp. 238-25.

D. Rays barren. Tube with a spur at the
base. (Orminis, DC.) Sp. 26.
E. Florets of the Dise white! Sp. 27.

Koch mentions a narrow wing to the seeds
of many species where it is not noticed by DC.
I have added his distinguishing characters of
the species of the LV. Ger.

The following aberrations from the character
of the divisions of DC. occur in the species.
The seeds of 4. Chamomilla are “vir ac ne
viz coronata,’? DC. In A. incrassata the cal-
lous margin seems to correspond with the wing
of Koch. The sides of the seed are continued,
to form an acute-edged cup, J. W. In Sp. 5,
the seed is crowned with a very short-toothed
margin, DC. In Sp. 8, the seed is not crowned,
SerENGEL. In Sp. 10, the crown is dimidiate
or sometimes wanting, DC. In Sp. 11, the
seeds are “ feré truncata,’ DC. In Sp. 14,
they are “wa ac ne via submarginata, potius
omnino calva,’ DC. In Sp. 3, 5, 6, 19, 23, and
25, the receptacle is a prolonged cone: in the
other species it is convex, or at most hemisphe-
rical,

A. Seeds quite bald.
i. Rays white.

1. Chamomilla. Stem much divided and
shrubby at base. Flowering-branches villous,
l-flowered, somewhat exceeding L. Lower-
most L. stalked, pinnate. Div. pinnatifid. Seg-
ments acute, with 3-5 lobes. Upper L. pin-
natifid; uppermost undivided. Phyll. pubes-
cent at back, membranous on margin. Recept.
convex. Chaff acuminate. Rays often neutral.
p. fields. Naples, abundant.

2. incrassata. Stem branched, spreading.
L. pinnatifid. Lower Lobes entire, acute;
upper longer, pinnatifid. Stalks at length
thicker at the top. Chaff acuminate, almost
longer than florets. Seeds 4-edged, furrowed :
summit wmbilicate: margin callous. a. 7.

Shores of Mat.

3. clavata. “Downy, perennial. L. bi-
pinnatifid. Segments short, flat, somewhat
squarrose, with a callous point. F.-stalks
long, naked, club-shaped, hollow at top. Re-
cept. conical.. Chaff lanceolate, mucronate,
persistent. Seeds obtusely 4-edged, smooth,
whitish, crowned with a thin, crenulate margin.
p. 8-10. Mountain pastures. Madonie.””—
Guss. :

4, sphacelata. Stem herbaceous, ascend-
ing. Fl.-stalks long, not thickened at top. L.
bipinnatifid : lobes linear, acute, entire, with-
out dots. Phyll. with a dark margin: outer

200 44). ANTHEMIS.

somewhat acute; the innermost obtuse. Re-
cept. hardly conical. Chaff scariose, narrow,
actuninate, easily separating. a. b. 5, 6.
Open hills. Nebr. Aitna.

5. arvensis. Pubescent. Stems somewhat
diffuse. L. pinnatipartite: lobes lineari-lan-
ceolate, approximate, furnished with very acute
teeth. Branches 1-flowered. Phyll. scariose
on margin, white, obtuse. Recept. an elon-
gated cone. Chaff lanceolate, acuminate into
a rigid mucro. Seeds obtusely 4-edged: the
outer with a swelling ring at top; the inner
with an acute margin, Kocu. a. 5, 6. Melds.

6. nobilis. Pubescent. L. sessile, pinnate :
divisions much separated into lineari-setaceous
lobes. Flowering-branches 1-flowered. Phyll.
obtuse. Margin hyaline. Chaff oblong, sca-
riose at top and on margin, pointless, some-
what shorter than florets. Recept. an elongated
cone. p. 7, 8. Dry fields and pastures.
Hardly native im G. or Sw.

ii. Rays very short, not exceeding style.

7. aurea. Hoary. Stem ascending, pu-
bescent, branched. Branches naked above, 4-
flowered. LL. bipinnate, dotted. Lobes linear,
somewhat acute. Phyll. obtuse. Margin hy-
alne. p. s.Hurope. <Aznacyclus aureus of
Linn. Perhaps var. of Sp. 5.

B. Seeds with a short crown.

8. zetmensis. Stems somewhat tufted, as-
cending, leafy at base, naked for a long way at
top, 1-flowered. L. somewhat villous, rather
fleshy, attenuate, bipimnatipartite. Lobes ob-
long, short, quite entire. Phyll. with a brown,
scariose margin. Recept. convex. Chaff small,
oblong, acute. Margin brown, scariose. Tube
of Fit. with a broad wing. Seed 4-edged, with
a membranous crown. p. 7, 8. Volcanic
sand. op of Atna. Monte Cammerata.

9. petrzea. Quite hairless, somewhat shrub-
by at base, tufted, ascending, naked for a long
way at top. Li. fleshy: lowermost. stalked,
bipinnatipartite ; upper pinnatipartite. Lobules
oblong: lower obtuse; upper acute. Phyll.
lanceolate, acute. Margin black. Chaff hya-
line, oblong, obtuse, ending in a brown bristle.
p. Gravel. Abruzzi. Very close to A. mon-
tanum.

10. montana. Pubescence adpressed. Stem
somewhat shrubby at base, ascending, naked
for along way at top, 1-flowered. LL. stalked
(hairless, Kocu), pinnatipartite. Lobes linear,
trifid or undivided. Outer Phyll. lanceolate,
with a brown margin; imner scarlose at top,

obtuse. Chaff lanceolate, sphacelate, mem-
branous, tridentate: the middle tooth rigid
and longer (lineari-oblong, sphacelate, and
lacero-dentate, Kocu). Seeds sometimes bald.
p. 8, 9. Stony mountains. Pyr. s. Alps.
Apenn. Sic.

8. Rays wanting. Calabria.

ll. maritima. Stems diffuse, branched.
L. fleshy, dotted, smooth, pinnatipartite. Lobes
cuneate or lanceolate, with a few teeth at top.
Phyll. adpressed, somewhat membranous on
margin. Chaff lanceolate (oblong, laciniate at
tip, with excurrent nerve, J. W.), equalling
flowers. p. 4-6. Sandy shores. Mat.

12. erucifolia. Stems somewhat shrubby,
erect, branched, hairless. LL. fleshy, oblong :
lower pinnatipartite, with trifid segments ;
upper inciso-dentate. Stalks long, nearly
naked. Phyll. smooth. Chaff lanceolate,
acute. s.&. 6,7. Melds. Sic.

13. chia. Stem herbaceous, erect, some-
what hairy, leafy at base, naked at top, 1-flow-
ered. L.-stalk smooth, pinnatipartite. Lobes
incise or pinnatifid. Lobules mucronate, the
stalk semisheathing at base and furnished with
several very acute teeth. Phyll. oblong, some-
what obtuse, brown on the margin. Recept.
hemispherical. Chaff hyaline; that of the
margin brownish ; of the middle pale. Crown
of the Rays one-sided; of the Disc complete.
a. Calabria. Zhes 7s the Anthemis of Dios-
corides.

14. peregrina. Hoary. Stem ascending.
Branches 1-flowered. L. stalked, pinnatipar-
tite. Segm. few, divided into 3-5 oblongo-
linear, somewhat obtuse lobes. Uppermost L.
simple, pinnatifid. Phyll. hirsute, hardly
acute (finely acuminate, J. W.), lanceolate.
Margin hyaline. Chaff scariose, rigid, lanceo-
late, acuminate, with a brown nerve equalling
florets. a. 5,6. Melds. Sic. Cal.

15. secundiramea. Stem diffuse. Branches
ascending, shortly naked at top, pubescent, at
last thickened, 1-flowered. L. rather fleshy,
somewhat dotted, hairless, pinnatipartite. LL.
subincise or nearly entire. Phyll. with
a whitish margin. Recept. conical. Chaff
oblong, hardly acute. Margin hyaline, some-
what shorter than tube of corolla. a. 5, 6.

Sea-shore. Catania. Sard. rare.
B. Chaff obovate, somewhat denticulate.
Malta.

16. altissima. Smooth. Stem erect,
branched. Branches shortly naked at top, 1-
flowered. L. bipinnatipartite. Lobes lanceolate,

COMPOSIT.A.

sparingly dentate. Teeth and Lobules mucro-
nato-cuspidate, generally reflexed. Phyl. ovali-
lanceolate, acute. Recept. hemispherical. Chaff
broad at the base, produced abruptly into a
rigid point, exceeding florets. (Seeds with a
narrow wing, Kocu.) a. 7, 8. Melds. s. Kur.

17. Cota. “L. bipinnatifid. Rachis some-
what dentate. Div. trifid or pinnato-5-fid.
Segm. with a short mucro. Recept. hemi-
spherical. Chaff oblong, acuminate into a rigid
mucro, shorter than the florets. Seeds with-
out a wing ending in an acute margin. a.
6,7. Vineyards. Ist. Fiume.”—Kocu.

18. anglica. “Stem prostrate, hoary. L.
bipinnatifid, acute, fleshy, dotted on upper sur-
face. Outer Phyll. acute; inner longer, torn,
and almost feathery. Recept. convex. Chaff
prominent. a. 7. Rocky coast. Sunderland.”
—Sm. The dots on the L. are not represented
in the figure nm ‘ Eng. Bot., nor does the chaff
there appear to be prominent. These dots,
and the lanceolate, acute, and not awned
chaff, seem to distinguish this from both Cota
and altissima. The figure also suggests the
idea of winged seed.

19. ruthenica. ‘Woolly. L. bipinnati-
fid. Segm. lineari-lanceolate, entire or with
2 or 3 acute, mucronate teeth. Recept. cylin-
drical. Chaff lanceolate, somewhat obtuse and
toothed, and acuminate into a rigid mucro.
Seeds obtusely 4-edged, equally furrowed, ter-
minated by an acute margin: outer often with
a short, obliquely truncate crown. a. 7, 8.
Open barren. Boh, s. Istr.’— Koon.

20. tinctoria. Stem erect, branched. L.
pimnatipartite, hoary beneath. Lobes linear:
these and the Rachis acutely dentate. Branches
l-flowered. Phyll. hoary, obtuse. Margin
somewhat membranous. Recept. convex. Chaff
somewhat abruptly contracted to a point, as long’
as floret. Rays usually yellow, equal semi-
diameter of dise. Seeds compressed, with a
narrow wing and ending in an acute margin.
p.orb. 7,8. Dry fields. m. ands. Eur.

8B. Discoid. At Cuneo in Pdm.

21. Triumfetti. “L. pubescent, bipinna-
tifid, Rachis toothed. Segments pectinately
disposed, somewhat serrate. Serratures mu-
cronate. Recept. nearly hemispherical. Chaff
lanceolate, acuminate into a rigid mucro. Seeds
A-edged, with narrow wing, ending in an acute
margm. p. 7,8. Warm hills. Tess. Ist.”
—Kocu.

22. austriaca. Stem erect, branched, hoary
2

201

at top. L. pectinato-pinnatipartite, hoary.
Rachis toothed. Segm. dentate, very acute
(quite entire, Koon). Phyll. villous on the
back, hyaline on margin, obtuse. Recept. con-
vex. Chaff lanceolate, narrowed into a rigid
point, as long as florets. (Seeds compressed,
with narrow wing, and ending in an acute mar-
gin.—Kocw.) p. 7, 8. elds. Ratisbon.
lower Austria. Istria.

C. Rays (if any) neuter. Tube of Floret
winged, without a spur. Maruta, DC.

23. Gotula. Nearly smooth. Phyll. whitish
on the margin. Recept. conical. Chaff narrow,
acuminate. a.5,6. Melds and uncult.

24, fuseata. Smooth. Phyll. oblong, ob-
tuse, with a brown scariose margin. Recept.
convex, chaffy. a.2-6. Moist. Prov. Nice.
Rome. Sard. Sic.

25. abrotanifclia. “ L. villous, pinnati-
partite, on short stalks. Segm. few, linear,
undivided or toothed at top. Branches in-
curved, leafless at top. Seeds striate, smooth.”

—DC. “Phyll. scariose at top. Chaff acute,
deciduous. a. 4, 5. Sandy hills. Sic.”—
Guss,

D. Rays seedless. Corolla somewhat spurred.
Ormenis, DC.

26. mixta. LL. pinnatifid, with a broad
rachis. Segm. short. Recept. conical. Chaff
keeled, acute. Tube of Fits. with one wing.
Seed nearly terete and without crown. a. 6, 7.
Sandy fields. It. s. Fr.

E. Morets of Disc white!

27. alpina. Lower stem-L. with 10 or 12
pair of simple, or bi- or trifid Lts. Segm.
linear, acuminate. Chaff lacero-dentate, and
sphacelate at top.. p. 7,8. Very high. s.
e. Alps.

442. ANACYCLUS.
A. Horets of Dise regular.

|. officinalis. “Stem usually 1-flowered,
ascending. Chaff ovate, attenuate. Wings of
the Seeds opaque and cartilaginous. a. 5, 6.
s. Hur.’—Kocu.

B. Florets of Dise with two longer erect
teeth.

2. clavatus. IL. bipinnatipartite. Lobes
lineari-subulate. Fl.-stalks thickened at top.
Rays few, oblong, white. a. 4-6. Fields.
mdt. Fr. Sic. Pastures and waysides. Sard.

202 442. ANACYCLUS.

3.tomentosus. L. bipinnatipartite. Lobes
lineari-subwlate. Fl.-stalks cylindrical. Rays
oblong, white. a. 9,10. Sandy fields. s. Fr.
Italy.

4. radiatus. L. bipinnatipartite. Lobes
lineari-subulate (erect. Teeth of Fits. awned,
Guss.). Rays oblong, yellow on both sides.
a. 5,6. elds. s. Fr. It.

B. purpurascens. Rays externally purplish.

5. pallescens. Lower L. pubescent, bipin-
natifid; upper nearly smooth, pinnatifid.
Segm. of all lineari-lanceolate and somewhat
incise. Fl.-stalks long, erect. Teeth of Flts.
not awned. Chaff cuneiform, mucronate, quite
smooth. a.6,7. Grassy shores. Cefalu.

6. valentinus. L. villous, bipinnatipar-
tite. Lobes linear. Rays very small and in-
conspicuous. a.6,7. Fields. s. Fr.

443. ACHILLEA.

A. Rays about 10. Ligules (¢.e., the ex-
panded part of the radiant florets) as long
as the calyx.

i. Flowers in a corymb.
a. L. undivided. Sp. 1-5.
b. L. pinnatifid, but not with a distinct
linear inline. Sp. 6-10.
e. L. pinnatifid,, with a lmear inline.
Sp. 11-16.
ii. Stem 1-flowered. Sp. 16, 17.
B. Rays about 5. Ligules about half as long
as calyx. :
i. Flowers not yellow.
a. L. pinnate or pinnatifid, with linear
inline.
* Rachis entire. Sp. 18-23.
** Rachis toothed. Sp. 24, 25.
b. L. pinnatifid, without linear inline.
Sp. 26, 27.

ii. Flowers yellow. Sp. 28.

A. Rays about 10. Ligule (i.e., expanded
part of floret) as long as calyx, white.
Ptarmica, DC. Seeds often somewhat
winged.

i. Flowers in a corymb.
a. L. undivided.

1. EHferba-rota. L. sessile, narrow cuneate,
generally with a few simple serratures at top.
Corymb simple, few-flowered. Cal. ovate.
Chaff smooth. p. 7, 8. High pastures, Dau.
Piedmont.

‘Cal. nearly globose.

' obtuse.

2. cristata. Stem much branched. L.
linear, flat, acuminate, dentate. Teeth emar-
ginate and ciliato-serrate. Corymb simple.
i lhe

3. Ptarmica. Stem erect. L. hairless,
lineari- or oblongo-lanceolate, sharply, closely,
and equally serrate. Corymb panicled. Cal.
nearly hemispherical. Chaff downy. op. 7, 8.
Moist meadows and pastures.

B. pubescens. Stem and L. pubescent, short.

y. linearis. LL. narrow linear.

4. Gecolorans. Erect, hairy. LL. lanceo-
late, acutely duplicato-serrate. Corymb com-
pound. Cal. hemispherical. Rays about 6,
yellowish. lLigules hardly as long as calyx.
p. 8,9. Matlock. Temple Cloud, Somerset.

5. serrata. Stems simple, ascending, vel-
vety. L. tomentose, lineari-lanceolate, pinna-
tifid. Lobes oblong, obtuse. Corymb some-
what compound. Cal. campanulate. Chaif
oblong, somewhat hairy, rufous at top. Alps ?
Not now found.

b. L. pinnatifid or pectinate, but not with
a clear linear inline or rachis.

6. alpina. Smooth. Stem erect, branched.
L. lanceolate, acuminate, serrato-pinnatifid.
Lobes acute, serrate. Corymb compound. Cal.
somewhat campanulate. Chaff dentate, rufous
at top. p. 6,7. Pyr. Savoy. St. Gothard.

7. macrophylla. Stem nearly smooth,
erect, terete, simple. L. pinnatipartite: out-
line elliptic. Lobes approximate, lanceolate,
incise, and unequally serrate : upper confluent.
Corymb compound. Chaff ovate, dark green
onthe tip. p. 7, 8. Alps, xot rare.

8. valesiaca. Somewhat hirsute. L. pin-
natipartite. Rachis with a broad and nearly
entire wing. Lobes 5—10 on each side, approxi-
mate, cuneato-lanceolate, inciso-dentate. Co-
rymb somewhat compound. Chaff broad at top,
erose, rufous. p. 7, 8. At source of Rhone.

9. thomasiana. Stem erect, pubescenti-
villous. L. nearly smooth, pinnatipartite. Ra-
chis quite entire. Lobes distant, cuneate, end-
ing in 2 or 3 mucronate teeth. Root-L. bi-
pinnatifid. Corymb simple. Chaff brown at
the tips. p. 7, 8. Monte Bovonnaz in upper
Vallais.

10. Clavennze. Hoary. Hairs adpressed.
Stems erect, simple. Root-L. stalked, pinna-
tifid: outline obovato-cuneate. Segm. oblong,
Stem-L. sessile, divided from base.

4

COMPOSITA. 208

Corymb somewhat umbellate. Chaff dentate,
bifid. p. 7,8. Very high. Aust. Carn. Monte
Generoso. Chiavenna.

B. denudata. Altogether hairless.

ce. L. pinnate or pinnatifid, with a narrow,
linear inline.

ll. moschata. Stem nearly smooth,
erect, simple, L. hairless, pectinato-pinnatifid,
dotted. Lobes linear, nearly entire, somewhat
obtuse. Corymb simple, umbel-like. Chaff hya-
line. p. 7, 8. Very high, wet. Alps, not rare.

B. impunctata. L. without dots. Carinth.
12. hybrida. “L. woolly: outline oblong,

pectinato-pinnate, Lts. lineari-lanceolate, mu-
cronate, entire or with few teeth. Corymb

simple. p. 7, 8. Very high. Alps of Vallais.”
= NOCH:
13. mana. Very woolly. Stems many,

simple, suberect. Lts. nearly equal, lineari-
lanceolate, acute, sometimes iucise, approxi-

mate. Cal. scantily woolly. Chaff lanceolate,
brown at tip. vp. 7,8. Snowy. Alps.
14. atrata. Stem simple, pubescent. L.

pinnatipartite: the upper divisions again di-
vided into 8-5 segments, nearly smooth. Root-
L. stalked. Stem-L, sessile: segments linear,

acuminate. Corymb simple. Stalks villous.
Chaff lanceolate, black at tip. p. 7, 8. Moun-
fains. §. Kur.

B. corymbosa. Lobes generally trifid; some
pinnatipartite. Tyr. Salzb.

y. imtermedia. Lobes of lower L. pecti-
nate, entire; of upper pinnatipartite.
Valley of St. Nicolas.

15. clusiana. L. pinnate: outline oval.
Lits. im numerous narrow linear segments.
Corymb simple. L. much more finely divided
than im A. atrata. p. 7, 8. High moist. s. e.
Alps.

ii. Stem one-flowered.

16. Barellieri. Sericeo-tomentose. Stem
simple, decumbent, leafless, 1-flowered. Root-
L. bipinnate. Stem-L. pectinato-pinnatipar-
tite. Segm. short, oblongo-elliptic, somewhat

acute. Phyl. and Chaff with a fuscous,
scariose margin. p. High and gravelly.
Abruzzi.

17. mucronulata. Stems decumbent,
hairless at base, villous above. LL. sessile, pin-
natipartite, pubescent. Lobes linear, acumi-
nate, entire. Chaff obtuse, serrulate, brownish
at tip. p. Shady rocks. Abruzzi.

B. ligule of the Rays about half as long as
common calyx.

i. Flowers purplish or nearly white, m a
corymbose panicle.
a. L. pinnate or pinnatifid, with a distinet
linear rachis or inline.
* Rachis entire, or with only an occasional
stray tooth below base of pinne.

18. chameemilifolia. Smooth. Stem te-
rete, nearly simple, L. pectinato-pinnatipar-
tite. Lobes linear, obtuse, quite entire. Corymb
without bracts. Chaff oblongo-linear, acute,
pale. p. Rocks. Olette and Villefranche, Pyr.

19. odorata. Stems numerous, from a
woody neck. lL. hairy, pinnatipartite. Div.
pinnatifid. Segm. entire, or with a single
tooth. Chaff hairy at the tip. p. 7, 8. Cale.
hills. e, Pyr. Trieste. Montalcone.

20. Mfillefolium. Stem furrowed at top.
L. bipinnate and often further divided : outline
linear: length about six times breadth. Segm.
linear, acuminate. p. 6-9. Pastures and un-
cult.

B. setacea. Segm. of L. setaceous.

Ihave a plant from Florence, under the
name of longifolia, where the length of the root-
L. is fifteen times the breadth. It appears to
be a distinct species.

21. lanata. L. bipinnatifid. Div. dentate,
with acuminate teeth. Outline oblong. Length
about three times breadth. p.7;8. Moun-
tain pastures. Viume, Carn. Styr.

22. sylvatica. “ Pubescent. Stem simple.
L. bipinnatifid: outline ovato-oblong. Lobes
crowded, lanceolato - oblong, inciso - serrate.
Rachis broad, Cal. oblong, angular. Chaff
hyaline, acute, somewhat hairy. p. Shady
mountains. Garg. Calab. Lucania.”—TEn.

23. punctata. “Stem simple, somewhat
pubescent, striate. L. oblong on the outline,
decursively pinnate, villoso-punctate. Lts. li-
near, pinnatifid. Div. trifid, mucronato-den-
tate. Corolla trifid, yellowish. p. Moun-
tain pastur eS. Arapietra, Campo Aprico in lite
Abruzzi.”’— TEN.

** Rachis toothed.

24. ligustica. Tinely pubescent. Stem
erect, terete, branched. L. pinnatipartite.
Rachis with a few long teeth. Div. pinnatifid.
Segm. lanceolate, approximate. Outline ovate.
Chaff acute, hyaline. p. 6, 7. Rocks and
open halls. It.

2p 2

204 443, ACHILLEA.

25. nobilis. Pubescenti- villous. Stem
erect, terete. Lower L. tripinnatipartite ; upper
bipinnatipartite. Outline oval. Lobes some-
what distant, dentate, acute. Rachis with many
short teeth. Chaff acute, hyaline. p. 7, 8.
Dry hills. s. and m. Eur.

b. L. without a distinct linear rachis, the inter-
vals being more or less cuneate and toothed.

26. tanacetifolia. rect, pubescent. L.
pinnatifid, incise, dentate: outline elliptic.
Chaff oblong, smooth, acute. p. 7,8. Mown-
tain pastures. 8. e. Sw. Carn. This seems to
be dentifera of DC.; his tanacetifolia is pro-
bably a var. of Mallefolium.

27. tomentosa. Hirsuto-tomentose. L.
pinnate, multifid. Lobes setaceous, quite en-
tire. Pan. corymbose, crowded, many-flowered.
Chaff membranous, somewhat acute, with a few
cile at top. p. 6,7. Opendry. s. Kur.

ii. Rays yellow.

28. Ageratum. Nearly smooth, herba-
ceous, erect. L. oblong, obtuse, serrate, atte-
nuate, fascicled. Pan. crowded. Phyll. mu-
cronate. Rays 3-5, somewhat differing in
shape. p. 7,8. Open grassy. 8. Fr. It.

Not well known.

29, decipiens. L. smooth. Root-L. some-
what tripimnate: pinnules linear, acuminate,
mucronate, few, spreading. Stem-L. bipinnate:
uppermost pectinate, with very narrow seg-
ments. Rays much shorter than the oblong
calyx. p. Styria, zot unfrequent. Allied to
A. magna, 7. €., to A. tanacetifolia—DC.

444. PYRETHRUM.

A. Flowers all white.

1. macrophyllum. Stem eréct, somewhat
villous. IL. somewhat hairy, nearly sessile,
- pinnatipartite, broadly lanceolate, coarsely den-
tate, decurrent on the dentate rachis. Corymb
compound. Cal. nearly globose. Rays 5, 6,
flat, obovate, tridentate. Crest (pappus) very
short, entire. p. 6,7. Woody hills. Gorganz-
Wald, Carniola. ‘ Habit of Achillea macro-
phylla.”

2. Parthenium. Smooth. Stem erect,
branched, striate. L. stalked, pinnate. ts.
pinnatifid, dentate: uppermost confluent. F.
corymbose. Phyll. oblong, albido-membranous
on margin, eroso-ciliate at top, obtuse. Rays
twice calyx. Crest short, dentate. p. 6, 7.
Walls and uneult.

3. corymbosum. Nearly smooth. Stem

erect, angular, branched at top. LL. pinnate.
Lts. lanceolate, pinnatifid. Lobes acute, acutely
serrate : upper confluent. Fl. corymbose. Phyl.
ovato-lanceolate. Margin fusco-scariose. p.
6,7. Woody hills.

4, &achilleze. Nearly smooth. Stem erect,
angular, branched at top. L. pinnate. Lts.
somewhat distant, almost pinnatipartite. Lobes
lineari-lanceolate, acute, acutely subdentate.
Fl. corymbose. Phyll. linear, oblong. Margin
pale, fusco-scariose. p. Woody hills. Sarzana.
Pisa. Nap.

B. Rays white or pinkish. Disc yellow.

5. inodorum. L. sessile, bipimnatipartite.
Segm. capillary. Branches naked at top, 1-
flowered. Fr. with 3 prominent, smooth ribs.
Inter-ribs rugose; one of them broad and
two narrow. ‘Two rounded depressions just
below the elevated, entire border. a. 7, 8.
Fields.— Bas.

6. maritimum. Smooth. L. bipinnati-
partite. Lobes linear, fleshy, convex above.
Branches naked at top, 1-flowered. Fr. with
3 prominent, smooth ribs. Outer Inter-rib
broad and rugose ; inner reduced to mere lines.
Two elongated Spots just below thé lobed bor-
der. p. 7,8. Shores. Eng. w. Fr.—Bas.

7. ceratophylloides. “Smooth. Stem
erect, leafy at base, naked at top, nearly simple.
L. pinnatilobed. Lobes lanceolate or linear,
acuminate. Fl. solitary. Phyll. oblong. Margin
brown, eroso-dentate. Crest obliquely incise,
crenate. p. Mountains, Pdm. Abr. Pyr.’—DC.

8. alpinum. Tufted, smooth. Stems 1-
flowered. Lower L. stalked, pectinato-pimnatifid.
Lobes approximate, quite entire, linear, acute.
Uppermost L. linear, entire. Leafy part of
Phyll. obtuse. p. 7, 8. Very high rocks. Alps.
rare in Pyr.

B. pubescens. Pubescent, or somewhat vil-

lous. Phyll. ciliate. Sw. and Dau. rare.
e. Pyr. freq.

9. tomentosum. Tomentose, tufted, de-
cumbent, L. crowded on short stalks, 3—5-
partite. Lobes oblong, quite entire. Stalks
shortly exsert, naked, 1-flowered. Outer Phyll.
ovate and somewhat acute. p. Very high.
Monte Rotondo, Cors.

10. Exalleri. Tufted, smooth. Lower L:
stalked, cuneiform, inciso-dentate ; upper lan-
ceolate, inciso-serrate. Stem naked at top, 1-
flowered. Crown of Seeds of Ligulate Flts.

nearly as long as tube of floret. p. 7,8. Gra-

COMPOSITA. 205

velly. Alps. Probably Chrysanthemum atra-
tum of Linn., Kocn.

C. Rays yellow, as well as dise.

11. Myconis. Erect, branched. L. serrate.
Lower L. obovate, somewhat attenuate. Stem-
L. ligulate, semiamplexicaul. Branches 1-flow-
ered. Phyll. hardly. margined. Lesembles
Chrysanth. segetum. a. 5, 6. Melds. s. Kur.

B. hybridum, Guss. L. less sharply serrate.

445, LEUCANTHEMUM.

A. Lower L. bipinnatipartite ; upper pinnati-
partite.

1. cebemnense. Smooth, branched at base.
Branches long, nearly simple. Lower L. stalked ;
upper sessile. Lobes linear, sometimes divided
at top. Fl. terminal, solitary. p. 7. Shady.
Cevennes. Ardéche.

B. Lower L. lyrate.

2. corsicum. LL. oblongo-ovate: upper
oblongo-elliptic. Segm. narrow, calloso-mucro-
nate, acuminate, quite entire. Crown divided
by a deep sinus. p. Cors.

G. Lower L. cuneate or obovate, nearly undi-
vided.

[I have given De Candolle’s descriptions in
this section, doubting whether they do not all
apply to one, or, at most, to two species. |

i. Seeds of Rays crowned.

3. latifolium. ‘Nearly smooth. Stem
erect, terete, somewhat striate, and sparingly
branched. L. semiamplexicaul, ovato-lanceolate,
coarsely calloso-serrate. Phyll. coriaceous, oval,
obtuse, pallido-hyaline at top. Crown of outer
Seeds short, of 2 or 3 ears. p. Pyr. ?”—DC.

A. pallens. “Stem erect, hispid, simple or
somewhat branched. L. somewhat hispid : lower
stalked, obovate, obtuse, crenate ; upper semi-
amplexicaul, ligulate, with obtuse teeth; up-
permost entire. Branches naked above, 1-
flowered. Phyll. ovate, oblong, obtuse, pale:
innermost hyaline at top, brown, bipartite. p.
Shade. Grasse, Prov.’—DC.

5. lanceolatum. “Smooth. Stem erect,
terete, sparingly branched. LL. lanceolate, all
very acute and acutely inciso-serrate at base :
lower attenuate into stalk. Branches naked
above, 1-flowered. Phyll. oblongo-lanceolate,
obtuse, hardly rufous on margin, brown,
toothed, not cloven at the back of, the ligule.
p. 6. Fr. very rare.’—DC. Var. of L. mon-
tanum, Koon.

6. heterophyllum. “Smooth. Stem erect,
simple, 1-flowered, striate, naked at top. L.
long, sessile: lowermost attenuate, lanceolate,
serrate; upper linear, quite entire. Phyll.
oblongo-lanceolate. Margin rufous. Tip of
the inner ones hyaline, brown, dentate in front,
deeply cut. down on the back of the ligule. p.
Shady hills. Carseletti, Pdm,’—DC. Var.
of L. montanum, Kocu.

7. atratum. “Smooth. Stem erect, simple,
naked at top, 1-flowered. Lower L. cuneate,
attenuate into stalk: summit very obtuse,
with 38-5’ teeth; elsewhere coarsely deutate.
Phyll. lanceolate, oblong, with a dark brown

margin. Crown nearly entire. p. High pas-
tures. Alps. Auv.”,—DC. Probably a var.

of L. montanum, Koc.

8. montanum. “Smooth. Stem erect,
striate, simple, naked at top, 1-flowered. Lower
L. attenuate into long stalk, lanceolate, obtuse,
dentate at top. Stem-L. sessile, ligulate, den-
tate at top; uppermost entire, mucronulate.
Phyll. oblong, obtuse, pale and hyaline on
margin. Crown toothed, various. p. 6, 7.
Open stony. s. Hur.?”—DC.

9. graminifolium. ‘Smooth. Stem erect,
terete, naked at top, 1-flowered. Lower L.
stalked, narrow, obovate, dentate; the rest ses-
sile, linear, quite entire. Phyll. lanceolate.
Margin fuscous. Crown dentate, complete. p.
Dry open. s. Fr. 1t.’-—DC. Perhaps a var.
of L. montanum, Kocar.

ii. All the Seeds bald.

10. vulgare. “Erect, somewhat branched.
Lower L. stalked, obovate, dentate. Stem-L.
semiamplexicaul, serrate, inciso-serrate at base.
Stem and branches naked at top, 1-flowered.
Phyll. with a narrow, rufous margin. p. 6, 7.
Meadows, §c.” —DC.

1]. maximum. “Smooth. Stem ascending,
somewhat angular, simple, or branched only quite
at the base, naked at top, 1-flowered. Lower L.
stalked, cuneate at base, lanceolate, dentate in
the upper half. Stem-L. sessile, broadly lineari-
lanceolate, serrate in their whole length. Phyll.
oblong, with an albido-hyaline margin at top. p.
Meadows. Pic de ? Héris near Barrége.”—DC.

446. NANANTHEA.

l. perpusilla. L. stalked, pimnatipartite.
Segm. 2 or 3 on each side, obtuse, quite entire.
a.5. Rocks. Isle of Sanguinaria near Ajaccio,
and I. Jiavezzo near Bonifacio. w. Sard. 4
very small plant.

206 447, CHRYSANTHEMUM.

447. CHRYSANTHEMUM.

1. segetum. Herbaceous, smooth. Stem
erect, branched. L. amplexicaul, some coarsely
serrate, others laciniate. Branches naked at
top, 1-flowered. Phyll. obtuse. Margin broad,
scariose. a. 5. Fields.

2. coronarium. Herbaceous, smooth.
Stem erect, diffuse. L. auriculato-semiam-
plexicaul, bipinnatipartite. Lobes lanceolate,
broader at top, inciso-serrate. Branches naked
at top, 1-flowered. Cal. campanulate. All
Phyll. scariose at top. a. 4, 5. Coasts of Mat.

3. italicum. Stem procumbent. L. bi-
pinnate, serrate. Rays very long. p. Italy.
An obscure species, said to resemble Pyrethrum
millefoliatum, @ species from Tauria, but more
erect, and with white rays.—DC.

448. MATRICARIA.

1. Ghamomilla. Smooth, branched. L.
bipinnatipartite. Segm. narrow linear, often
divided. Stalks naked at top, 1-flowered. Phyl.
with a whitish margin. a. 5, 6. Uncult. and
fields.

449. LONAS.

1. inodora. L. pinnatipartite. Segm. acu-
minate. a.5,6. Dry fields. Sic. Arles.

450. TANACETUM.

A. Circle of tubular, tridentate female florets.

1. vulgare. L. bipinnatipartite ; the Rachis
aud Lobes inciso-serrate. Corymb many-flow-
ered, p. 7, 8. Banks.

B. All Florets alike, 4-5-toothed.

2. Audiberti. L. bipinnate. Lts. oblongo-
linear, pinnatifid. Lobes acute. Branches long,
naked, 1-flowered, disposed in a few-flowered
corymb. p.7, 8. Woody ills. Cors. In
the high wood of Valdacello, Sard.

3. annuum. Root-L. bipinnate. Stem-
L. pinnate. Lobes crowded, linear, mucronato-
acute: uppermost linear. Corymb fastigiate,
the central stalk much shorter than the rest.
a. 9,10. elds. s. Fr. It.

4. Balsamita. LL. undivided, ovate, ser-
rate: lower stalked; upper sessile, auricled.
Fl. corymbose. p. 7, 8. Walls and dry banks.
s. Fr. s. Sw. Tuse. Sic.

451. PLAGIUS.

1. ageratifolius. Stem shrubby at base.

Branches many-flowered. L. obovate, serrate,
sessile, equidistant. p. 6, 7. Marit. pastures.
Cors, Sard.

2. virgatus. Stem herbaceous, Branches
nearly naked at top, 1-flowered. L. lanceolate,
serrate: lowermost attenuate into stalk; upper
linear, quite entire. b. Hid/s. Lescarene near
Nice. w. Lig.

452. SANTOLINA.

1. Chameecyparissias. Shrubby. L.
hoary, with 4 rows of short, very obtuse teeth.
Phyll. lanceolate. Midrib hardly prominent.
s.S. 7, 8. Open. s. Hur.

a. incana, Phyll. downy. s. Fr. It. &e.
B. tomentosa. Phyll. mealy. Sard. K. Nap.

y. squarrosa. Phyll. smooth. Fl. small.

s. Fr.

8. villosissima. Phyll. smooth. L. very vil-
lous. Fl. small. Mt. St. Victoire, Prov.

2. ericoides. ‘Stems smooth, tufted.
Branches hoary. L. nearly smooth, at last
green, pinnately toothed. Teeth spreading,
very short and blunt. Cal. small, smoothened.
w. 6,7. Open lulls. Aitna,”—Guss.

3. viridis. Shrubby, hairless. L. with 4
rows of naked, subulate teeth. Phyll. lanceo-
late. Midrib somewhat prominent. s.S. 7, 8.
Languedoc.

4. pectinata. Shrubby, diffuse, downy.
L. pinnatipartite. Segm. linear, obtuse, entire
or trifid, 6 to 8 on each side. Phyll. lanceo-
late, keeled. s.S. 6. Prats de Mollo, e. Pyr.

5. rosmarinifolia. Hairless. LL. linear,
somewhat acute, undivided; lower with a tu-
berculate margin; upper flat, entire or only
somewhat toothed at top. Phyll. somewhat
keeled, acute: inner scariose at top. s.S.
7, 8. Prov.

6. leucantha. Tufted, hairless. Lower L.
pinnatipartite. Segm. in 2 rows in lower, in 4:
in upper part of L., lmear, somewhat acute,

spreading. Phyll. keeled, with a brown ex-
panded tip. s.S. 6. Rocky. Mountains of
Carrara.

7. alpina. Stem herbaceons, erect, nearly
simple. L. silky, pinnatifid. Segm. linear,
generally entire. Phyll. lanceolate. Midrib
inconspicuous. p. High gravelly. Monte
Morrone. Abr.

I have adopted the descriptions of DC., ex-

COMPOSIT AS. 207

cept in ericoides and leucantha, but they are
not satisfactory.

453. DIOTIS.

1. candidissima. Plant covered with a
thick white cotton. . oblong, semiamplexi-
caul. Fl. in a corymb. p. 7, 8. Sandy
shores.

Tribe V. SENECIONIDEZ.
454. DORONICUM.

A. Root-L. cordate.

1. caucasicum. Neck of Root covered
with silky wool. Stem simple, 1-flowered. b.
crenato-dentate. Root-L. stalked, cordato-
subrotund. Lower stem-L. somewhat cordate.
(Stalks auricled, DC.) ; upper semiamplexi-
caul. (Recept. covered with short hairs, KocH.)
Seeds of Ray quite smooth. p. 6-8. Shade.
K. Nap. Sic. s. e. G.

2. Columnz. Root creeping, knotty.
Neck not bearded. Stem simple, 1-flowered. L.
dentato-angular, somewhat rough. Root-L.
cordato-reniform, on long stalks. Lower stem-
L. auricled; middle cordate, or spatulato-cor-
date; upper ovato-lanceolate, amplexicaul.
Seeds of Rays somewhat pubescent. p. Shady
mountaims. K. Nap. Apuan Alps. Tyr.

3. Pardalianches. Hirsute. Root with
long, slender runners. Neck not bearded. L.
dentate. Root-L. stalked, cordate. Lower
stem-L. somewhat ovate, the stalks auricled ;
uppermost amplexicaul, acute. Fl. stalked,
numerous. p. 5,6. Hilly woods.

B. humile. L. ciliate. Stalk of root-L.
winged. Upper L. very few, ovato-lan-
ceolate. K. Naples.

4, austriacum. “Somewhat hirsute. L.
denticulate. Root-L. stalked, cordate. Lower
stem-L. spatulato-ovate, abruptly attenuate,
semiamplexicaul ; uppermost cordato-amplexi-
caul, lanceolate.’—DC. (No root-L. . Lowest
stem-L. much smaller than the following ones,
approximate, cordate, acuminate, on an auricled
stalk—Kocu.) Both writers quote Jacq.,
“FL Aust. t. 130. p. 6-8. Woody moun-
taims. Boh. Aust. Carinthia. e. Fr. Pyr.

B. Root-L. ovate.

5. scorpioides. Somewhat hirsute. Neck
bearded. IL. dentate. Root-L. stalked, ovato-
rhombic. Lower stem-L. ovate, attenuate,

&

cordato-amplexicaul; upper sessile, cordato-
ovate, acute. p. Woody Mills. Austria. Fr.
Italy.

6. plantagineum. Smooth. Neck with a
silky fleece. Stem nearly simple, 1-flowered.
Root-L. stalked, ovate or oval, repando-den-
tate. Stem-L. nearly entire, lanceolate : lower
attenuate into an earless stalk; upper sessile,
oblong, acuminate. Seeds of Ray hairless.
p. Sandy shade. Paris. Prov. G.

455, ARONICUM.

1. corsicum. Somewhat downy. Stem
corymbose at top, 8—5-flowered. L. amplexi-
caul, attenuate: lower ovate; upper oblongo-
lanceolate, dentate. Phyll. pubescent, some-
what ciliate. p. Wet rocks. Cors.

2. Doronicum. Hirsute. Stem hollow,
l-flowered. Hairs acute, with distant joinings.
All L. soft and flexible, oblong. Root-L.
stalked, attenuate. Inner Phyll. smaller, and
exactly linear. p. 7,8. Very high, moist.
Alps. Pyr.

3. glaciale. Stem 1-flowered, solid except
just under flower. Hairs acute, with distant
joinings. L. rigid, ovate or oblong; lower
stalked. Stem-L. semiamplexicaul. p. 7, 8.
Snowy. Alps.

4. scorpioides. Stem 1-flowered. Hairs
obtuse, with crowded joinings. Lower L.
broadly ovate. Stem-L. ovate or oblong; upper
amplexicaul. p. 7,8. High gravelly. Alps.

456. ARNICA.

1. montana. Root-L. obovate, nearly en-
tire, 5-nerved. Stem-L. 1 or 2 pair. Stem
few-flowered. p. 6,7. Openings in woods.
m. Hurope.

457. SENECIO.

A. Flowers without rays. lL. divided. Sp.

B. Flowers with small revolute rays. L.
divided. Sp. 3-5. :
G. Flowers with expanding rays. L. divided

(except in Sp. 7, 8, 9).
i. Plant not hoary. Phyll. nearly as long
as disc.
a. Calyx without accessory scales. Sp. 6.
b. Calyx with accessory scales.
* L. undivided. Sp. 7-9.

205 457. SENECIO.

** TL. imperfectly pinnatifid. Sp.
10-12.

*** T,, distinctly pinnatifid, not ly-
rate. Sp. 13-18.

wees LT. lyrate or lyrato-pinnatifid.
Sp. 19-26.

*exeee TT, multifido-bipinnate: all
segments linear, acute. Sp. 27, 28.

ii. Plant hoary.

a. Corymb compound. Plant woody at
base. Sp. 29-34.

b. Corymb simple, crowded.
smooth. Sp.35-37.

c. Flowers few, on long stalks, or soli-
tary. Sp. 38.
D. L. undivided. Flowers with expanding
rays (except in Sp. 41).
i. Flowers numerous, in a compound co-
rymb. Sp. 39-44.

ii. Flowers few or solitary. Sp. 45-47.

Seeds

A. Rays wanting. Seeds nearly terete, striate.
Phyllaries linear. L. divided: lower at-
tenuate into stalk; upper with a divided
auricle. Annual.

1. vulgaris. Fl. in a corymb. L. pin-
natifid. Segm. incise. Seeds hairy on the
ribs. a. All summer. Cult. and waste.

B. Fl. with a few rays. Holstein. Norm.

Stem branched from base.
Lower L. ovate, den-

2. pygnazeus.
Fl. solitary, terminal.

tate. Upper L. oblongo-linear, nearly entire.
Seeds downy. a. 2, 38. Sandy and stony
shores. Cape Pojato, Sic.

B. Rays small, revolute. Flowers in a corymb.
Cal. nearly cylindrical. Phyllaries linear.
Las tt Bu

3. sylvaticus. All L. pinnatifid. Segm.
sinuate, nearly equal, oblong, and somewhat
spatulate. Accessory Scales very small, ad-
pressed, hardly sphacelate. Seeds pulverulento-

pubescent. a. 7,8. Woods and waste.
B. lividus. Upper L. more expanded at
base.

4, foeniculaceus. Somewhat viscid, glan-
dular. Lower L. obovate, sinuato-dentate ;
upper dentato-pinnatifid; uppermost some-
what triangular. Corymb 3—6-flowered. Ac-
cessory Scales 6-10, small. Seeds downy.
a. All the year. Dry. Nap. Sic. Sard. Cors.

L. pin-
confluent.

5. viscosus. Viscid, glandular.
natifid. Segm. sinuate: upper

Accessory Scales lax, linear, half as. long as
phyllaries. Seeds hairless. a. 6-10. Sandy
woods and waste.

©. Flowers with expanding rays, in a co-
rymb. Calyx turbinate. Phyllaries lance-
olate (except in Sp. 7). L. as in &. (except
in Sp..7, 8, 9, and sometimes 18).
i. Plant not hoary. Phyllaries nearly as
long as dise.

a. No accessory Scales on the calyx.

_ 6. gallicus. Stem much branched. Out-
Iine of L. oblongo-spatulate. L. irregularly
pinnatifid. Segm. narrow, incise. Corymb
few-flowered. Stalks scaly. a. 6,7. 8. Fr.

b. Calyx with accessory scales.
* TL. undivided.

7. seetnensis. L. somewhat dentate: lower
obovate, attenuate; upper lanceolate, auricled.
Stem simple, densely leafy. Corymb some-
what compound, 6-12-flowered. Phyllaries
linear. Scales numerous, short. Rays 10 or
12. Seeds finely downy. p. 7, 8. High,
on volcanic sand. Aitua.

8. Mfarmoree. Glauco-pruinose. Stem
branched from base, ascending, hollow. L.
thick, undivided, oblongo-obovate, semiam-
plexicaul. Corymb about 12-flowered. Stalks
hardly twice as long as flowers. Seeds downy.
a. 3-5. Marsh. Areola and Paulli Latino,
Sardinia.

9. inerassatus. “IL. fleshy, zzodorous,
obovate or oblongo-spatilate: lower stalked,
dentato-crenate; upper sessile, dentato-incise.
Corymb very lax. Cal. smooth, at last conical.
Phyll. thickened at base, not sphacelate. Seeds
cylindrical, obscurely striate. a. 4, 5. Stony
shores. Maretimo, Sic.’—Guss. Resembles
Bellis annua.

** TL, omperfectly pinnatifid.

10. leucanthemifolius. Stem branched
from base, diffuse. Lower L. obovato-dentate ;
middle L. spatulate, dentato-pinnatifid ; upper
inciso-dentate. Fl. few. Stalks scaly. Seeds
downy. a. All the year. Dry. Sic. Calab.
Ostia. Solfatara of Tivoli.

B. humilis. Fl.-stalks without scales. Cors.

Sard. Sic.

ll. vernus. “Smooth. L. not fleshy:
Lower L. stalked, obovato-spatulate, dentato-
crenate or entire; upper amplexicaul, pinna-
tifid. Segm. toothed. Corymb somewhat lax,
few-flowered. Phyll. smooth, sphacelate. Seeds

‘

COMPOSTTLA.

cylindrical, striate, downy. a. 11-5.

coasts. Sic.’’—Guss.

Open

12. vernalis. Woolly. L. oblong, sinuato-
pinnatifid. Margin curled and toothed. Segm.
ovate. Corymb lax. Accessory Scales 6-12,
one-fourth of length of calyx. Seeds hoary.
Crest permanent. a. 4. Clay ficlds and
woods. Rosenberg and Troppau, both in
Silesia.

*#* 7. distinctly pinnatifid, not conspicu-
ously lyrate.

13. crassifolius. Much branched. L.
fleshy, pinnatifid, widest on the auricles!

Segm. 3-5, somewhat cuneate, dentate. Stalks
few, 1-flowered. Scales few. Seeds finely
downy. a. 4,5. Sandy coasts. Mars. Sic.

14. squalidus. L. pinnatifid. Lower L.
stalked, less divided; upper sessile, semiam-
plexicaul. Outline somewhat broader upwards.
Segm. linear or oblong, distant, dentate, acute.
F.-stalks scaly towards the top. Phyll. united
at base. Outer Scales few and small. All
Seeds silky. a.b.p. 6,7. adr. G. Base of
/Mtna towards the shore, abundant. Oxford.

15. nebrodensis. Erect. L. pinnatifid.
Outline broadest upwards. Segm. oblong or
somewhat cuneate, acutely inciso-dentate.
Phyll. and accessory Scales quite smooth,
black at the tip. Seeds downy. p. DC. a.
Kocu. Calc. rocky. Nebr. Mts. of Carrara.
e. Alps.

B. paradoxus. No rays.

16. erucifolius. Stem erect, corymbose.
L. pinnatifid, hoary beneath. Outline elliptic.
Lateral Segm. nearly entire ; upper confluent.
Rays oblong. Seeds downy. p. 7, 8. Thickets
and rough ground.

17. prealtus. Stem-L. semiamplexicaul ;
lower bipinnatifid. Segm. linear, somewhat
obtuse (acuminate, Poxiint), dentate, nearly
flat. Accessory Scales small. Seeds of Ray
hairless; of Dise downy. p. 8, 9. Sandy
fills. Berician Hills near Vicenza.

18. Jacobzea. L. elliptic, pimnatifid. Segm.
pinnatifido-incise, somewhat enlarging upwards.
Seeds of Ray smooth ; of Disc setoso-scabrous.
p. 7-9. Meadows and waste.

B. No rays.

eee 1, lyrate or lyrato-pinnatifid.

19. aquaticus. Stem erect, branched,
very widely spreading. Lower L. stalked,
lyrato-pinnatifid, obtusely dentate; terminal
Jobe ovate.

Upper L. pinnatifid (with a |
25

209

divided auricle. Segm. oblong or linear, rising
obliquely from midrib, Kocn). l.-stalks
sealy. (Seeds of Disc muriculate under a glass,
DC.) p. 7, 8. Ditches and splashes. Br.
Fr. Switzerland.

20. erraticus. ‘“ Lower L. stalked; the
others semiamplexicaul, with a divided auricle.
Segm. obovato-oblong, very widely spreading.
Terminal lobe of root-L. cordato-ovate ; of
upper L. cuneate. Marginal Seeds smooth.
b. 7, 8. Moist meadows. Frankfort-on-
Oder. Tyr. Carn.”—Kocn.

21. lyratifolius. LL. lyrato-pinnate. La-
teral lobes detached; terminal large, ovate,
doubly and acutely serrate. Fl.-stalks enlarged.
and scaly at top. Seeds setoso-scabrous. p.
7, 8. Alpine valleys. Sar. Sw. G.

22. lycopifolius. “‘ Stem and under side
of L. grey, tomentose; upper side floccose or
smooth. Root-L. obovato-oblong, attenuate
into a long stalk, crenate. Stem-L. gradually
smaller, nearly sessile, ovato-lanceolate, in-
ciso-pinnatifid at base. Segm. acutely dentate ;
the terminal one very large, acute, dentato-
serrate. Base of Cal. villous. Phyll. not
sphacelate ; outer lax. Seeds striate, hirsute.
p. 8-11. Moist clay. Sic.’—Guss. Query
if S. lyratifolius ?

23. alpinus. L. stalked, cordate, longer
than broad; the stalk naked, or furnished with
small Lts. L.-stalk with short auricles. FI.-
stalks scaly. Seeds smooth. p. 7,8. Rough
meadows and near folds. Alps. Apenn.

24. subalpinus. L. stalked, triangulari-
cordate. Breadth fully equal to length. Stalk
naked or furnished with small Lts. Fl.-stalks
scaly. Seeds smooth. p. 7,8. Mozst moun-
tains. Aust. Sil.

25. delphinifolius. Lower L. ovate, ly-
rato-pinuatifid; others bipinnatifid. Segm.
linear, acute, trifid, somewhat revolute on
margin. Scales and Phyll. hairless, not
sphacelate. Seeds ovoid-oblong, somewhat
rough. a. 4,5. elds. Sic. Sard.

26. Scheuchzeri. L. pinnate, acute. Lts.
linear ; upper confluent into a lanceolate semi-
pinnate lobe. Phyll. united for two-thirds of
their length! Accessory Scales 0, 1, or 2;
long, filiform. Mont Pilat, Sw. Not now
found.—GAvUDIN.

wee T multifido-bipinnate : all Segments
linear or lineari-lanceolate, acute.

27. artemisiifolius. L. smooth, pinnati-

210 457. SENECIO.

partite : lowest divisions entire; upper pinna-
tipartite or multipartite. _Corymb compound,
many-flowered. Rays 5. Flts. of disc about
10, Seeds smooth. Crest persistent. p. 7,
8. Dry slopes. Montlhéri. Cev. Auy. Pyr.

28. abrotanifolius. lL. smooth, pinnati-
partite: lower entire; upper pinnatifid. Co-
rymb about 5-flowered. Scales 3-6, half as
long as phyllaries. Rays about 12. Fits. of
Disc 40-50. Seeds smooth. Crest persistent.
p- 7,8. e. Alps.

ii. Plant hoary.
a. Corymb compound. Plant shrubby.

29. bicolor. “ L. niveo-tomentose beneath,
dark green above; lower lyrate; the rest pin-
natifid. Segm. broadly linear, nearly entire ;
terminal oblong. Cal. hoary. w. 6,7. Ja-
rit. rocks. Sic. Islands.”—Guss.

30. ambiguus. Stem nearly naked at top.
L. hoary beneath, greenish grey above, lyrato-
pinnatifid. Lateral Segm. somewhat cuneate,
toothed on outer side. Cal. covered with yel-
lowish meal. w. 7, 8. Volcanic or granitic
rocks. Aitna.—Guss. Monte Gargano.—DC.

31. candidus. Everywhere cano-tomen-
tose. Stem somewhat shrubby at base. L.
stalked : lower ovate, lyrato-sinuate, repando-
dentate at top; upper oblong, somewhat re-
pand. Accessory Scales of Cal. few, very
small. Rays 6—8, small, ovato-oblong. Seeds
smooth, somewhat angular. w. 6-8. Open
calcareous jilis, Nebrodes.

32. gibbosus. Somewhat shrubby at base.
L. hardly stalked, pinnatipartite, smooth, some-
what hoary beneath. Lobes about 5 on each
side, somewhat sinuate, obtuse, generally 3-lobed
at top. Phyll. smooth, generally 3-lobed on
margin, without accessory scales. Seeds nearly
smooth. w. 6, 7. Sandy hills. Messina.
Milazzo. Calabria.

33. Cineraria. L. stalked, smooth or webby
above, pinnatifid. Div. enlarging upwards,
obtusely lobed. Accessory Scales very few,
woolly, as are the Phyllaries. Seeds hardly
downy. w. 6. Rocky or stony shores. Mdt.

B. ceratophylius. 1. nearly white above.

34. leucophyllus. Altogether white.
Stems tufted. L. stalked, cuneato-spatulate,
pinnatifid. Lobes obovate, overlapping ; lower
distant and deeper. Corymb nearly simple,
crowded. Cal. hardly half as long as disc.
Accessory scales few and small. Seeds downy.
s.S. High open rocks. e. Pyr. Mont Mezin,
not far from sources of the Loire.

b. Corymb simple, somewhat crowded. Seeds
smooth.

35. inecanus. Plant altogether white with
adpressed hairs. Stems tufted. Lower L. obo-
vate. Lobes incise, the upper overlapping.
Upper L. oblong, with separate, linear Lts.
Rays 2-5, oval. Cal. about half as long as
florets. Accessory Scales few. ». 7, 8. High
gravelly, Alps.

B. glabratus. L. nearly smooth.

y. ttalicus. L. bipinnatifid.

36. parviflorus. Plant altogether hoary.
Stems tufted. L. stalked, pinnate. Lts. linear,
lobed or dentate. Rays 2—5, very small, ob-
long. p. Val Macra and Monte Bego, Pdm.

37. carniclicus. L. somewhat silky with
adpressed hairs : lower oblong, very attenuate,
dentato-pinnatifid ; upper pinnatifid. Lobes
not overlapping. Rays 6-8, oblong, hardly
exceeding florets of disc, which are more than
twice as long as phyllaries. py. 7,8. High
mountains, Carn. Styr. Carinthia. Gris.

ec. Lowers few, on long stalks, or solitary.

38. unifiorus. Cano-tomentose. Lower
L. stalked, oblong; upper sessile, linear, en-
tire. Cal. half as long as dise. Seeds pubes-
cent. p. 7,8. Very high. Sw. Pdm.

D. L. undivided. Flowers mostly with ex-
panding rays.
a. Mowers numerous, in a compound corymb.

39. nemorensis. Root not creeping. L.
elliptico-lanceolate, acuminate. Teeth of Ser-
ratures straight. Lower L. attenuate into a
winged stalk ; upper sessile. Accessory Scales
3, equalling phyllaries. Rays 3-6. Fits. of
Disc about 20. Seeds hairless. p. 7, 8. Woody
hills. Fr. n. and e. G.imKocu.

B. Fuchsti. Fits. of Dise 12-15.
lineari-setaceous.

Rays 7-8.

40. saracenicus. Root extensively creep-
ing. L. oblongo-lanceolate, very acute, attenu-
ate. Teeth of Serratures incurved. Lower L.
on a winged stalk; upper sessile, enlarged at
base. Scales 5. Rays 7-8. Fits. 25-30.
p. 7,8. Moist thickets.

B. flosculosus.

Bracts

y. octoglossus.

Rays wanting.

41. Cacaliaster. L. lanceolate, unequally
toothed, nearly equal. Lower L. somewhat
decurrent. Accessory Scales as long as phyl-
laries. Rays 0. Seeds hairless. p. 7, 8
Woody hills. Auv.s.'Tyr. There are some-
times a few pale rays.

COMPOSITA. 211

42. Doria. L. fleshy, somewhat glaucous,
finely dentate. Root-L. stalked, oblong. Mid-
dle stem-L. oblongo-lanceolate, semiamplexi-
caul, somewhat decurrent; upper few, small,

acuminate. Scales very short. Rays 5-6.
Seeds hairy. p. 7,8. Meadows and banks
of rivers. 8. Hur.

43. paludosus. Stem straight, hollow.
L. elongato-lanceolate, acuminate, erect, some-
what woolly beneath, semiamplexicaul, sharply
serrate. Accessory Scales about 10, half as
long as phyllaries. Rays 15-16, narrow. Seeds
hairy. p.7, 8. Moist.

44, linifolius. Stem branched. L. ses-
sile, linear, acute, quite entire. Rays 8-10.
Seeds finely downy. w.—DC.; but other au-
thors describe it as herbaceous. Pdm.

b. Flowers few or solitary.

45. Tournefortii. L. somewhat fleshy, not
at all tomentose, lanceolate. Teeth strong,
separated by a semilunar sinus. Fl. 1-5.
Phyll. ciliolate. Accessory Scales few or 0,
limear. Rays 14-15. Seeds hairless. p. 8, 9.
High moist rocks. Pyr.

46. Deronicum. Tomentose. L. coria-
ceous, dentate. Root-L. ovate, attenuate into
stalk. Stem-L. auriculato-amplexicaul ; upper
acuminate. Cal. hardly woolly. Accessory
Scales numerous, equalling phyllanies. Rays
12-15. Crest very white. Seeds hairless.
p. 7, 8. High rough pastures. Fr. G. Sw. It.

B. rotundifolius. Root-L. subrotund.

7. tomentosus. Plant very hoary.

47. lanatus. Woolly. Stem erect, 1-flow-
ered. . thin, serrato-dentate. Lower L.
stalked, elliptic, obtuse; upper lanceolate, ex-
panded at base, sessile. Accessory scales equal-

fing densely woolly phyllaries. Rays 15-380.
‘p. 5,6. Meadows and walls. adr. G. Tuse.
K. Nap.

458. CINERARIA.

A. Stem simple, bearing a simple corymb or
umbel.

i. Seed smooth (except occasionally in C. al-
pestris).
a. Crest about equalling tube of florets of disc.

1. crispa. L. webby, not scabrous. Lower
L. stalked, ovate or cordate; middle longer,
attenuate into a broadly winged stalk; upper-
most sessile, lanceolate or linear, nearly entire.
p. 5,6. Mountain meadows. e. G.

a. L. and wing of the Stalk curled.

B. rivularis. Not curled. Phyll. all green.

ry. sudetica. Not curled. Phyll. purple-

tipped.

8. Schkurit. Differs from y in having no
cordate L.

e. crocea. Phyll. purple. Fl. croceous.

2. pratensis. L. webby. Lower L. re-
pando-dentate, oblong, attenuate into stalk ;
middle lanceolate, attenuate ; upper lanceolate
or linear, sessile. p. 5,6. Boggy meadows.
Salzburg.

3. alpestris. L. dentate, hirto-scabrous
and more or less woolly. Lower L. stalked,
ovate, crenato-dentate; middle oblongo-ovate,
attenuate into a broadly winged stalk ; upper-
most sessile, lanceolate or linear. Corymb
about 5-flowered. Stalks naked. p. 5-7.
Subalpine. e. Alps.

B. clusiana. Densely woolly.
y. ovirensis. Fl.-stalks sealy.—DC.

b. Crest about equalling florets of disc.

4. papposa. L. denticulate. Lower L.
ovate, attenuate into a slightly-winged stalk ;
uppermost sessile, lineari-lanceolate. Fl. 3-5.
Rays linear, 18-20. p. Boh. and Carinthia.
Koch considers this a smooth-seeded var. of
C. campestris.

5. balbisiana. Stem-L. coarsely serrate,
oblongo-lanceolate. Fl. 10-12. Stalks sul-
cate. Phyll. smooth, narrow, acuminate. p.
High wet. ende. Monte Vesulo. Val Pesco.
Pdm. Lasily distinguished by the sulcate
Fl... stalks,

ii. Seed pubescent.
a. Crest about as long as florets of disc.

6. aurantiaca. L. nearly even, hardly
woolly, nearly entire. Root-L. ovate, attenu-
ate into a short, winged stalk, Lower stem-
L. lanceolate ; upper lineari-oblong or linear.
Phyll. coloured. Seed densely hispid. p. 5.
Carinthia, at the foot of the Alps. Sty. Boh.
—Kocu. Mountain meadows.—DC.

B. capitata. IL. hirto-scabrous and woolly.

Rays 0. Mountain meadows. Sw. Tyrol.
—Kocu.

b. Crest about equalling tube of florets. ;

7. spatulifolia. L. webby on the upper
surface, woolly beneath. Lower L. ovate, at-
tenuate into a long haft; upper sessile, lanceo-
late or linear. Phyll. woolly, very acute. Seeds
densely hispid. p. 5. Rough woody hills.
w.G. Moist meadows.—DC.

8. campestris. L. araneoso-lanate. Root

252

212

ovate or nearly circular, attenuate into a short
stalk. Lower stem-L. oblong, attenuate; up-
permost lanceolate. Phyll. nearly smooth at
top. Seeds densely hispid. p. 7, 8. Calc.
meadows. Eng. Fr. G.

B. Stem branched. Branches corymbose.

9. palustris. Villous. L. lanceolate, semi-
amplexicaul. Lower L. sinuato-dentate. Seeds
smooth. Hairs of Crest numerous. a. b. 6, 7.
Marshy. vu. Fr. un. G. e. Eng.

459. LIGULARIA.

1. sibirica. L. subsagittato-cordate, on
long stalks. Stem-L. with an entire sheathing
base to the stalk. Rac. simple. p. 6, 7.
Marshy meadows. abstein, Boh.

Tribe VI. HUPATORIACE ZL.
460. HOMOGYNE.

1. sylvestris. L. reniform, acutely cut
into 7-9 lobes, alternate. Lobes tridentate.
yp. 5, 6. Woody mountaims. Carinthia. Carn.
Styria.

2. alpina. LL. reniform, dentato-crenate,
pubescent on the nerves beneath. p. 5-7. High
pastures. Jura Alps.

3. discolor. L. cordato-orbicular, undula-
to-dentate, tomentose beneath. p. 5-7. Very
high pastures. e. Alps.

461. PETASITES.

1. vulgaris. L. broadly cordate, unequally
dentate, cottony beneath. Lobes of the base
rounded, approximate. Stigmas of complete

Fits. short, ovate. p. 3,4. Wet. -
a. Thyrsus ovate. Stalks simple. Fertile
Fits. few or none; antheriferous nu-

merous, unproductive.

B.hybridus. Vhyrsus oblong. Stalks branched.
Only a few male Fits. in the disc; the
others with styles only.

2. tomentosus. L. broadly cordate (some-
what triangular, KocH), unequally denticulate,
niveo-tomentose beneath, Lobes of base in-
curved, subdivided. Thyrsus somewhat corym-
bose. Stigmas of complete Fits. short, ovate.
p. 4. Banks of rwers, Elbe and Oder.

3. albus. L. broadly cordate, angular, mu-
cronato-dentate, woolly beneath. Lobes of

458. CINERARIA.

base rounded. hyrsus ovate or fastigiate.
Stigma of complete. Fits. lineari-lanceolate,
acuminate. p. 4,5. Moist mountain mea-
dows or streams. un. Kur.

4. niveus. L. broadly cordate, somewhat
triangular, unequally mucronato-dentate, niveo-
tomentose beneath. Lobes of Base diverging,
somewhat acute. Stigmas of complete Fts.
lineari-lanceolate, acuminate. p. 4, 5. Moun-
tains. Jura Alps.

462. NARDOSMIA.

1. fragrans. L. appearing with the flower,
cordato-orbicular. Phyll. acute, equalling or
exceeding disc. p. 10, 11 (2, 8, Guss.). Dau.
Pyr. Nap. Sic. Sard.

463. TUSSILAGO.

1. FParfara. Stalks 1-flowered, with scaly
bracts. L. heart-shaped, angular and toothed.
p. 38,4. Moist.

464. ADENOSTYLES.

1. albifrons. L. reniformi-cordate, coarsely
and unequally duplicato-dentate, somewhat to-
mentose beneath. Fits. 3-6, Kocw. op. 7,8.
Woody mountains. wm. Kur.

2. alpina. LL. reniformi-cordate, nearly
equally dentato-crenate, downy (only) on the
veins beneath. Flts, 3-6, KocH. p. 7, 8.
Mountain meadows. m.and s. Kur,

3. leucophylla. L. reniformi-cordate,
nearly equally dentate, tomentose on both sides.
Fits. 12-20, Kocu. p. 8. Very high pas-
tures. w. Alps.

4. hybrida. LL. cordate, dentate, nearly
smooth above, webby beneath. Corymb lax.
Phyll. downy on the back. Fits. 12-18. p.8.
Mountain pastures. Vall. Rheetian Alps. Ne-
brodes. Perhaps a var. of \eucophylla. All
the species vary in having or wanting Ap-
pendages to the L.-stalk.

465. HUPATORIUM.

1. cannabinum. F'lts. 5-6. Phyll. about
10, in two series; the outer very short and
blunt. L.in 3 or 5 deep, lanceolate segments.
p. 7,8. Wet.

B. L. undivided.

COMPOSITA. 21

Sub-order III. DISCOIDE Zs.
Tribe I. ARTEMISIE A.
466. COTULA.

l. coronopifolia. L. sheathing at base,
lanceolato-linear, pinnatifido-dentate. Stem
procumbent. Branches 1-flowered. a. 7, 8.
Sea-shore from Embden to Holstein.

467. ARTHEMISIA.
A. Florets all complete.
Sp. 1-4.
B. Outer Florets without anthers.
tacle naked.
i. L.-stalk auricled.
a. Flower subglobose, hairless. Sp. 5-11.
b. Flower subglobose, hoary. Sp.12—14.
c. Flower oblong. Sp. 15.
ii. L.-stalk without auricles. Sp. 16-21.

Receptacle naked.

Recep-

CS. Outer Fits. without anthers. Recep-
tacle hairy.
i. Corolla hairy. Sp. 22, 28.
ii. Corolla without hairs. Sp. 24-80.

A. Florets all complete. Receptacle naked.

1. exrulescens. L. of the barren stalks
incise and pinnatifid; others lanceolate and
undivided. Fl. oblong. Fits. about 3. S.
8,9. Marshy shores. Adr.

2. densiflora. L. pinnate, on long, rigid
stalks; those on mid-stem auricled. Primary
Div. entire in the lower part. Floral L. trifid
or entire. Segm. of all linear, obtuse. Fl.
oblongo-turbinate. s.S. Cors.—VIv.

3. narbonensis, J.W. IL. pinnate, di-
vided in their whole length. Segm. short,
rounded. Floral L. trifid. Fl. ovali-oblong.
s.S. 7, 8. Salt marshes. Narbonne.

4. maritima. L. decompound. Primary
Segm. divided almost from base. Div. lanceo-
late. s.S. 8, 9.

a. Branches deflexed. Salt marshes.

B. salina. Branches erect.
Salt springs. G.

Fl. cernuous.

y. gallica. Branches erect, numerous, fall-’

ing far short of central raceme. Fl. erect.
Salt marshes,
5. vallesiaca. Branches erect, few, all nearly
equal. FI. erect. Vallais.
T cannot persuade myself that all the forms
called 4. maritima belong to one species. Be-
sides the erect, recurved, or deflexed branches,

Ow

they vary in the ovoid (rather oboyoid) or al-
most globular florets, which are stalked or ses-
sile, clustered or solitary, erect or cernuous.
The floral L. are entire or trifid, exceeding or
falling short of the flower. he L. are bi- or
even tri-ternate or pinnate: the pinne sessile
or stalked, pinnate or palmato-multifid. The ul-
timate segments are, I believe, always linear
and obtuse. The stem or branches of the plant
sometimes end in along spike or raceme, and
sometimes are divided into a panicle. The
outline of the L.is sometimes oblong, and
sometimes reniform.

B. Outer Florets without anthers.
tacle nuked.

i. An Auricle at the base of L.-stalk about
the middle of the flowering-stem.

a. lower broadly ovoid or subglobose,

hairless.

5. variabilis. Shrubby. Lower L. bipin-
nate. Middle L. tripartite: the middle seg-
ment pinnate, with distant Lts. Ultimate
Segm. and floral LL. long, filiform, spreading.

hecep-

s.S. 8,9. Open dry. K. Nap. Sic.
B. saligna. Uoary at base. Segm. of L.
shorter.

6. campestris. Woody at base. Barren
Stems tufted. Lower L. bipinnate; middle
with 5-7 nearly equal, linear, mucronate seg-
ments. Middle Segm. pinnate. #7. small. s.S.
orp. 7,8. Barren. Fr. G. Sw.

B. nana. 3-6 inches high. Segm. of L.
lineari-lanceolate. (L. 2-3-pinnatifid ; the
outline subrotundo-ovate. Segm. linear,
mucronate.—KocH.)

The divisions of the L. are exceedingly va-
rious, but the segments are always capillary
and acute. A. Abrotanum ard A. camphorata
have similar L. ; but the first has a fully he-
mispherical Fl.,while A.campestris has usually
only 8-5 Fits., and hardly, therefore, a dise
and circumference. The Fl. are in racemes,
generally secund and somewhat ovoid, but
sometimes nearly globular. A. camphorata
has a hary receptacle.

7. paniculata. Shrubby. LL. bipinnate:
those of branches pinnate at top. Segm. and
floral L. linear, short and straight. Bracts
tiled, fleshy, obtuse. s.S. It. s. Fr. <Ae-
cording to Guss., the Fl. vs oblong.

8. glutinosa. Shrubby, viscid, especially
at top. Lower L. bipimnate; middle 7-cleft.
Auricle 3-cleft. Middle Segm. pinnato-tri-
sect or undivided. Ultimate Segm. and floral

214. 467. ARTHMISIA.

L. linear, faleate. Fl. somewhat clustered.
s.S. Sandy shores. Narb. Mtp.

9. crithmifolia. Woody at base, some-
what viscid at top. LL. fleshy, pinnate. Stem-
L. somewhat trifid. All Segm. lineari-lanceo-
late, divaricate. s.S. or p. 8. Sandy shores.
Bay of Biscay.

10.nana. Herbaceous, tufted. (Stems sim-
ple, Gav.) LL. silky, bipinnatipartite, on long
stalks. Segm. and sessile floral L. lanceolate.
Fl. nodding, nearly globose. p. 7,8. High
valleys. Sars, Sw.

11. scoparia. Stem simple, erect. Pan.
spreading. L. bi- tripinnatifid: outline ovate.
Segm. of the lowest L. lineari-lanceolate ; of
the rest linear. Upper L. sessile, simply pinna-
tifid; uppermost undivided or with a tooth at
base. Outer Phyll. shorter. a. 7, 8. Sandy
hills. Boh. lower Aust. The greater fineness
and delicacy of all the parts, the shorter
racemes, and longer stalks, distinguish thes
JSrom A. campestris.

b. Flower ovoid or nearly globose, hoary.

12. chameemilifolia. Shrubby, erect.
L. nearly smooth. Lower L. tripinnate ; upper
bipinnate. Segm. linear. Phyll. quite smooth,
nearly of equal length; outer linear; inner
obtuse, transparent at top. Cor. hairless.
8.8. Open rocks. Dau. Pdm.

13. pontica. Root creeping. Stem erect.
Lower L. interruptedly bi- tripinnate. Segm.
linear. (Stalk of lower stem-L. auricled, Kocu.)
Fl. subglobose, small, nodding. Pan. rod-like.
Outer Phyll. lanceolate, shorter than the inner.
Cor. hairless. s.S. or p. 7,8. Open hills.
G. Sw. s. Fr.

14. austriaca. Root creeping. Plant silky.
Stem erect. . Lower L. pinnate, multifid; up-
per tripartite and simple. Segm. linear. Fl.
panicled, ovate, oblong or globose, somewhat
nodding. Cor. pubescent. s.S. or p. 8, 9.
Open hills. lower Aust.

ce. Flower oblong.

15. vulgaris. Herbaceous, erect. L.
white beneath, pinnatifid. Segm. lanceolate,
incise; uppermost undivided. Pan. leafy,
spreading. Outer Phyll. tomentose. p. 8, 9.
Uneult.

ii. No Auricles to the lower L.-stalk.

16. laciniata. Barren Stems tufted; fertile
ascending, simple. L. bipinnatifid, toothed.
Segm. and Teeth lanceolate, acuminate, mu-
cronate; upper undivided. Branches erect,
racemose. Fl. nodding. All Phyll. ovate,

- mentose, with scariose margin.

with scariose margin; outer shorter. Fits.
about 20. p. 7, 8. Calc. pastures. Mans-
feld in upper Sax.

17. tanacetifolia. Barren Stems tufted ;
fertile ascending, simple. L. bipinnatifid,
toothed. Segm. and Teeth lanceolate, acumi-
nate, mucronate; upper undivided. Rae.
nearly simple, nodding. All Phyll. ovate,
with scariose margin; outer shorter. Fits.
about 40. p. 7,8. Very high. Mont Lau-
teret in Dau. Pdm. Mount Morosch in Carn.

18. insipida. Lower L. bipinnatifid ; up-
per simply pinnatifid. Segm. lanceolate, acu-
minate, inciso-serrate. Rac. branched, small,
nodding. Phyll. nearly round. Margin scariose.
p. 7. Woods. Baux in Dau.

19. Abrotanum. Stem shrubby, erect,
panicled. Lower L. bipinnate; upper simply
pinnate. Segm. and floral L. lineari-filiform.
FI. hemispherical, nodding. Outer Phyll. hoary,
lanceolate, acute. s.S.9, Sitten, Vallais.
Trieste. Vicenza. Mtp. ?

20. procera. Shrubby, erect. All L. bi-
tripmnate. Segm. and floral L. lneari-filiform.
Panicle of simple, straight racemes. Phyll.
ovato-lanceolate: inner fringed. Cor. hoary.
s.S. It.

21. spicata. Barren Stems tufted. Flow-
ering-stems ascending, simple. Lower L.
digitate, multifid. _Segm. lineari-lanceolate,
somewhat obtuse. Middle L. pinnatifid; up-
per simple or ending in 38 teeth. Phyll. to-
Tm Ob
High rocks.

B. eriantha.

Naples.

C. Outer Florets without anthers.
tacle hairy.
i. Corolla hairy.

22. lanata. Barren Stems tufted. Flower-
ing-stems ascending, simple. L. silky. Lower
L. stalked, ternate or digitato-multifid; upper
pinnatifid. Fl. globose, racemose, nodding.
Phyll. woolly; outer few, linear, leafy. Fits.
20-30, woolly at top. p. 7, 8. Very high
rocks. It. s. Tyr.

B. pedemontana. Heads crowded in the axil,
forming a compound spike. Mountains
of Schlehern and of Fassa in Tyr. Val
Macra, Pdm.

y. nitida. Spike simple. Stems decumbent.
Mountains of Carrara.

Barren Stems tufted.

s. Alps. Pyr. Apenn.
All upper L. undivided. K.

Recep-

23. mutellina.

COMPOSIT®. 215

Flowering-stems ascending, simple. LL. silky ;
lower tripartito-multifid. Segm. linear ; upper
somewhat digitate: the stalk often auricled.
Fl. subrotundo-turbinate. Phyll. tomentose,
oblong. Fits. 15. Cor. hairy at top. p. 7, 8.
Very high open rocks. Alps. Pyr.

11. Corolla without hairs.

24. glacialis. Barren Stems tufted. Flow-
ering-stems ascending, quite simple. L. silky ;
lower tripartito-multifid. Segm. linear ; upper
somewhat digitate: the stalk often auricled.
Fl. large, globose, erect, crowded. Phyll. ob-
long, tomentose. Fits. 80-40. Cor. hairless.
p. 7, 8. Snowy, very high. Alps. Dau. Pd.
Sar. Sw.

25. rupestris. Barren Stems tufted. Flow-
ering-stems ascending, simple. LL. hairless :
lower bipinnate, stalked ; upper pectinato-pin-
natifid. FI. large, globose, cernuous, racemose
or panicled, Kocu. Outer Phyll. lax, numerous,
equal. Flts. 50-60. Cor. hairless. p. 7.
“Solo sterilissimo calcareo salito:’ Stass-
furth. Bernburg and Borksleben, upper Sax.

26. camphorata. Shrubby. Barren Stems
decumbent. Flowering-stems ascending. L.
tomentoso-canescent ; all on auricled stalks ;
lower bipmnate. Segm. lineari-filiform. Floral
L. entire. Fl. ina rod-like panicle, globose,
nodding, Phyll. tomentose: outer few, linear,
leaf-like, shorter than disc; inner oval, with a
white membranous margin. (Hairs of Recept.
few, curled, Kocu.) p. 9,10. Cale. stony.
Colmar in Alsace. s. Tyr. s. Carn. Dau. Prov.
Lang. Sicily.

27. achilleifolia. Stems tufted, woody.
Lower L. and those of barren stems tripinnate.
Lts. lanceolato-linear. Floral L. undivided.
Rac. long, spreading. Fl. hemispherical, nod-
ding. Phyl. hoary. Plant green, with a very
sweet smell. w. Rocky. Monte Gargano.

28. Absinthium. Erect. L. silky ; lower
tripinnatifid. Segm. lanceolate, somewhat den-
tate, oblong, without auricles. Floral L. undi-
vided. Fl. subglobose, nodding. Outer Phyll.
linear, lax, somewhat silky; imner rounded,
scarlose, nearly hairless. p. 7, 8. Stony.
Rare im Ger.

29. arborescens. Shrubby, erect. L.
silky, tripinnate. Segm. linear. Stalks not
auricled. Floral L. undivided. FI. large, globose,
cernuous, afterwards erect, in a panicled raceme.
Phyll. oval, pubescent at base, scariose and
shining at top. Cor. hairless. s.S. Open
stony. Hyeres. It. Sic.

30. argentea. Shrubby, erect. L. silky,
bipinnate. Segm. linear or lanceolate, without
auricles. Floral L. undivided. Phyll. all to-
mentose to the top. Fl. globose, cernuous, in
apanicled raceme. Cor. hairless. 5.8. Marit.
rocks. Palermo. Not noticed by Gussone.

468. CARPESIUM.

1. cernuum. f'l. solitary, terminal, cer-
nuous. Outer Phyll. patulo-reflexed. Stalks
with leafy bracts. LL. elliptic, dentate. p. DC.
a. Kocu. 7,8. Morsi valleys. Dau. Vall. s. Alps.

2. abrotanoides. I'l. axillary, secund, on
short, naked stalks. Phyll. adpressed. Stem-
L. oblongo-lanceolate, attenuate at each end,
nearly entire. p. DC. a. Kocn. Woods in
a rich soil. Aquileia. Monfalcone. The flowers
have the appearance of being in a raceme,
but the upper ones open first.

469. MICROPUS.

&.. Phyllaries involving seeds, prickly on back.

1. supinus. Covered with silky wool.
L. spatulate. Fl. axillary, not much clustered.
a. Dry coasts. Prov. Nice.

B. Phyllaries involving seeds, woolly, un-
armed.

2. erectus. Covered with white wool. L.
oblongo-lanceolate, obtuse. FI. axillary and
terminal, clustered. Phyll. convex, scantily
woolly. a.6,7. Barren, open, and dried
splashes. EKtampes. Mdt.

38. bombycinus. Covered with white
wool. LL. lineari-oblong, obtuse. FI. axillary
and terminal, crowded. Phyll. convex, floecose.
a. Dry juills. Lang. Var. of preceding ?

470. EVAX.

1. pygmazea. Fl. in a dense umbel. Bracts
radiating round umbel. L. spatulate, or line-
ari-oblong. Phyll. and Pales acuminate. Seeds
rough. Scales of Recept. aristato-acuminate. a.
5, 6. Open marit. rocks. Mat.

2. asterisciflora. Fl. in a dense umbel.
Bractsradiating round umbel. L. lineari-oblong.
Floral L. much exceeding umbel. Phyll. and
Pales acuminate. Seeds with a double beard!
Chaff aristato-acuminate. a. 5,6. Oven and
rocky. Sard. Sic. Calab.

3. rotundata. L. shortly spatulate or ob-
ovato-cuneate, equalling or slightly exceeding
flowers. Phyll. with a short acumen. Inner

216 470

Pales somewhat obtuse. Seeds smooth. a. 5, 6.
Sandy shores. a Maddalena and S. Maria,
Sardinia.

4. discolor. Fl. mixed with irregularly
disposed bracts. L. obovato-lanceolate. Floral
L. hardly exceeding calyx. Fl. crowded, sur-
rounded by loose wool. Chaff obtuse, papery
(lacerate, Guss.). a. 7. Sandy splashes. Ne-
brodes.

5. Hfeldreichii. “ White, woolly. Stem
simple, very short, 1-flowered, or with a few
ascending branches from under the central, ses-
sile head. L. obovato-spatulate: immer shorter
than flower. Phyll. of one colour: outer acute ;
inner dilated at top and truncate. a. 5, 6.
Calc. hills. Pietra Facile.”—Guss.

6. exigua. “Grey, woolly. Stem short,
forked, erect. Side Branches numerous, de-
cumbent or ascending. lL. spatulato-lnear ;
upper exceeding flowers. Fl. crowded, termi-
nal and in the forks. Flts. numerous. Phyll.
concave, keeled; outer acuminate, the base
covered with wool, the tips of a yellowish
green, smooth and shining; the inner obtuse.
a. 4,5. Dry hills.’ Sic.—Guss.

7. tenuifolia. “Grey, tomentose. Stems
slender, filiform, much branched. LL. narrow,
lineari-spatulate. Fl. woolly, terminal and
approximate on the sides of the branches.
Outer Phyll. awned; inner, somewhat acute.
a. 4,5. Barrencalc. Lampedusa.”—Guss.

Tribe Il. GNAPHALIEA.
471. FILAGO.

A. Phyllaries concave, but not inelosing the
seeds.

i. Outer Phyllaries tapering into a slender awn.

1. pyramidata. Heads hemispherical or
depressedly globose, exceeded by the leafy invo-
lucrum. FI. 10-18, ovoideo-pyramidal, with
5 marked angles and concave sides, not wholly
imbedded in thick wool. Innermost scales ob-
tuse; the nerve evanescent. All L. somewhat
broader above the middle. a. 7-10. elds.

2. prostrata. ‘Stems short, prostrate,
somewhat dichotomous at top. L. lneari-ob-
long or spatulate, cano-tomentose. Heads
globose, crowded, approximate. Outer Scales
acuminate with a scariose point. Awns reflexed.
Inner Scales obtuse, often with a little point.
(All the Scales acuminato-aristate, somewhat

. EVAX.

divaricate, Guss.)
Lucania.” —Part.

a. 5,6. Dry hills. Sic.

3. apiculata. Heads subglobose, usually
equalled by 2 or 3 L. of the involucrum. FI.
20-25, ovoid, somewhat pentagonal, half bu-
ried in wool. All the Scales acuminate with an
excurrent ved nerve. (Plant covered with a yel-
lowish wool, Jorp.) Lower L. more or less
spatulate, apiculate. Floral L. often ovate ;
upper oblong. a. 6,7. Sandy fields.

4. germanica. Heads globose, rarely ac-
companied with a single floral L. Fl. ovoid,
30-40, imbedded in thick wool. All the Scales
acuminate with an excurrent nerve. Lower L.
linear, hardly or not at all widened above ;
upper somewhat widened near the base, acute.
a. 5-7. Melds.

5. eriocephala. Heads globose or some-
what prolonged, without involucrum. Fl. 40—
60, ovoid, imbedded in thick wool. All the
Scales with excurrent nerve. LL. tiled, more
or less ovate, prolonged, acute; upper some-
times almost linear. a. 6. Dry gravel or sand.
Hyéres. Ponte Galera. Sic

ii. Phyllaries not awned.

6. arvensis. Heads of Fl. in a pyramidal
panicle; the central stem often ending in a
raceme or spike. Outer Phyll. linear, very
narrow. a. 7, 8. Sandy fields. m. and s.
Europe.

7. heterantha. “Stem erect, simple or
branched. Branches long. LL. linear, tomen-
tose. Heads solitary, axillary and terminal,
somewhat spiked, sessile and stalked. Phyll.
acute, stellate when in fruit. a. 5,6. Dry
fields. Sic.”’— Part.

8. Lagopus. “Stem erect, nearly simple.
L. softly tomentose. Heads solitary or in
small clusters, axillary and terminal. a. 6, 7.
Open sandy. Sic.’—Paru. To gudge from
the descriptions, this and Sp. are varieties
of F. arvensis. Gussone (who has no arvensis)
adopts them.

iii. Calyx calycled! without awns.

9. minima. Dichotomous. LL. lineari-
lanceolate, shorter than heads. Head lax, of 3-7
pyramidal flowers, terminal and at the forks of
stem, as long or longer than floral L. Outer
Phyll. ovate ; inner tomentose at base, smooth
and scariose at top. a. 6-9. Barren.

10. neglecta. ‘ Branched, somewhat di-
chotomous. LL. lineari-lanceolate ; uppermost
crowded, exceeding flowers. Heads lax, of 2—4

COMPOSITA,

ovoid (not angular) flowers.
top and brown, somewhat acute.
Badenvilliers in Lorr.”—DC.

B. Outer Florets imbedded in the thickened
base of the phyllaries !

ll. tenuifolia. ‘‘ Stem erect, ramoso-di-
chotomous at top. Branches divaricate. LL.
narrow linear, acute: upper bract-like, re-
curved. Heads 6—10-flowered, sessile and ter-
minal, woolly, Phyll. obtuse. a. 4,5. Dry
sandy hills. Sic.”—Paru,

Phyll. smooth at
a. Ivelds.

12. gallica. Branched, dichotomous above.
L. linear, acute. Margin somewhat revolute,
much exceeding heads. Heads lax, of 8-5 py-
ramidal flowers, at the forks and terminal.
Outer Phyll. ovate. a.5,6. Dry fields. G.
oce. Fr. It.

472, GNAPHALIUM.

A. Flowers complete. Shafts of Crest fili-
form, or nearly so.

1. luteo-album. Fl. in a crowded, leafless
corymb. LL. oblong, cottony on both sides :
those on stem somewhat amplexicaul. Phyll.
scariose. Straw-coloured. a. 6. Barren
sandy. ™m. ands. Hur.

2. uliginosum. Stem branched, diffuse.
Heads of Fl. leafy. L. linear, attenuate. Phyl.
scariose, brown. Seeds smooth. a. 7-9.
Plashes. Koch considers G. nudum «@ var. of
this. DC. puts tt with G. pillulare, a Lapland
plant, with muriculate seeds.

3. sylvaticum. Stem simple, ending in
a compound spike. LL. lanceolate, very attenu-
ate, with a callous, nearly naked, obtuse mucro.
Outer Phyil. about one-third of length of flow-
ers. p. 7, 8. Woods and heaths. The genuine
plant, according to Koch, has the L. on stem
gradually decreasing.

B. norvegicum. lL. on middle of stalk as
long as those below, acuminato-mucro-
nate.

y: hoppeanum. Differs from B in having L.
simply acute.
All these characters differ very much in
degree.

4, supinum. Shoots creeping, densely
cespitose. Fl. few (1-8), im a capitate spike,
sometimes solitary. Outer Phyll. nearly as long
as flowers. p. 7, 8. Movrst, stony, high moun-
tains. Bab. distinguishes supinum, in which
the stems are not cespitose, and the flowers
are in heads, from pusillum, which ts cespi-

217

tose, and has sealtered flowers. I do not find
these characters go together: pusillum of Gau-
din has the stem shorter than L.

B. Flowers complete. Shafts of Crests in
the dise club-shaped.

5. Zeeontopodium. Stem simple. Heads
in a crowded corymb, surrounded by a large
leafy involucrum, densely woolly. p. 7, 8.
High pastures, Alps. Pyr.

C. Flowers separate on different plants.
i. Shafts club-shaped.

6. dioicum. Plant with creeping runners.
L. obovato-spatulate, cottony beneath: those
on stem nearly all equal. Phyll. of fertile
flowers obtuse, coloured, p. 5, 6. Heaths and
dry halls.

7. alpinum. Runners few or 0. L. obo-
vato-spatulate, cottony beneath: those of stem
nearly all equal. Phyl. of fertile flowers acu-
minate, somewhat serrate, lurido-fuscous. p.
Very high pastures. Dau. Pyr.

8. carpathicum. No runners. Stem quite
simple. Fl. erect. L. lanceolate: upper gra-
dually smaller. Phyll. sphacelate, scariose :
inner acuminate. p. 7, 8. High moist rocks.
Alps.

ii. Shafts hardly clavate.

9. margaritaceum. Branched, erect. L.
lineari-lanceolate, cottony beneath. Fl. in a
level-topped corymb, yellowish. Phyll. white,
obtuse. p. 8. Moist meadows. Monmouth-
shire.

473, HELICHRYSUM.

A. Phyllaries white, obtuse, radiate.

1. frigidum. Tufted, procumbent, hoary.
L. oblong, sessile, tiled: those on the shoots
nearly in 4 rows. Fl. solitary, terminal. Seeds
very silky. p. Very high. Cors.

B. Phyllaries yellow. Flowers in a corymb.

2. scandens. “Shrubby. Fl. ovate, at
last campanulate. L. lineari-lanceolate, flat, at
last revolute, acute. Plant loosely tufted,
hanging from-the rocks. w. 5, 6. Rocks
exposed to south. Cassaro and Ferla in Sic.”
—Guss.

3. glutinosum. Shrubby. Fl. globoso-
turbinate, L. lear. Margin revolute. Corymb
flat at top, glutinous. w. Sandy shores.
Viesti and Peschici in Apulia.

4. Stoechas. Shrubby. Fl. globoso-tur-

218 473. HELICHRYSUM.

binate. . L. linear. Margin revolute. Corymb
subglobose. Phyll. somewhat lay. w. 5-7.
Dry sand and maritime rocks. w. ¥r. Abr.
I refer to this H. nebrodense, Guss., and also
stramineum and pendulum ; the two latter of
which have the lower L. somewhat wider and
lineart-lanceolate.

5. angustifolium. I'l. oblongo-turbinate.
L. linear. Margin revolute. Corymb subglo-
bose. Phyll. closely tiled. w. 5-7. Dry
rocky. 9s. Fr. adr. G. It.

I include in this mzcrophyllum, of which
the outer phyllaries are woolly, panormitanum,
cespitosum, littoreum, and ztalicum, of Guss.
H. rupestre is distinguished by DC. as having
subglobose flowers ; by Guss., as having them
oblong, and at last cylindrical; yet in his ob-
servations on Sta@chas, under ztalicum, he refers
to rupestre as having globose flowers. I do
not know where to put that or the saxatile of
Moris. Some of the plants here grouped to-
gether may perhaps be distinct species, but I
have found myself wnable, after a laborious in-
vestigation, to elaborate from the different de-
scriptions any characters by which it would be
possible for the student to identify them.

6. arenarium. Stem herbaceous, erect,
simple. L. flat : lower obovato-oblong ; upper
lanceolato-linear. Corymb compound. Phyll.

oblong, obtuse, yellow or orange. yp. 7, 8.
Sandy. G. Als.

474. CONYZA.
A. Florets of Dise barren. Conyza, DC.

Crest much exceeding seed.

1. ambigua. Stem erect, branched, pan-
icled, herbaceous. LL. linear, sessile, nearly or
quite entire. Vl. stalked. Phyll. linear, acu-
minate, as long as the disc. a. 6-9. Jieadows
and uncult. Wang. Pisa. Rome. Nap. Sard.

2. egyptiaca. Stem erect, terete, herba-
ceous. L. oblongo-spatulate, coarsely toothed
for the whole length. Fl. somewhat panicled,
globose. Phyll. linear, acuminate. Seeds com-
pressed. a. Found in Stc., according to PERs.

B. Florets of Disc fertile. Puagnaton, DC.
Base shrubby. Stalks leafless.

8. sordida. F'. sessile, ovato-cylindrical,
1-3 together. Phyll. ovate, scariose, somewhat
blunt. L. linear, quite entire, tomentose on both
sides. Margin revolute.

4. saxatilis. Fl. campanulate, solitary.
Phyll. nearly linear: outer woolly; inner more

acute, somewhat squarrose at top. Lower L.
oblongo-lanceolate, somewhat dentate; upper
linear, webby above. w.4-6. Rocks and
walls. Coasts of Mat.

B. intermedia. Tu. somewhat adnato-am-
plexicaul. Phyll. less acute, but not obtuse.

5. calycina. “I'l. campanulate. Stalks 1-
flowered. Outer Phyll. ovate. L. not undu-
late, entire: lower narrow, lineari-lanceolate ;
upper linear, with revolute margin. w. 4-6.
Open rocks. Iglesia m Sard.”—Monris.

6. rupestris. I'l. somewhat campanulate.
Stalks 1-flowered, ofteu in pairs. Phyll. smooth,
obtuse, adpressed. L. adnato-amplexicaul: lower
spatulato-oblong; upper lanceolate, acute, some-
what undulate, webby above, tomentose be-
neath. w.5, 6. Cale. rocks. Nap. Sic. Sard.

Sub-order IV. CYNAREZA#.
Tribe 1. HOCHINOPSIDEA.

475. HCHINOPS.

A. Shafts of Crest united almost to the top.

l. exaltatus. L. pinnatifid, with scat-
tered bristles above, cottony beneath. Phyll.
smooth on back, more than twice as long as
surrounding bristles. p. 7, 8. Woods. Trieste.

B. Shafts of Crest connected only at base.

2. Ritro. LL. pinnatifid, smooth or only
webby above, cottony beneath. Phyll. smooth
on back, more than twice as long as surround-
ing bristles. p. 7, 8. Open stony. mdt. Kur.

3. sphzerocephalus. L. pinnatifid, with
somewhat viscid hairs above, cottony beneath.
Phyll. with glandular hairs, not twice as long
as surrounding bristles. p. 7,8. Stony. s.
and m. Hur. oce.

4, ruthenicus. “L. smooth above. Mar-
gin spinulose. Root-L. pinnatifid. Segm. and
middle stem-L. serrato-lobate. Lobes and up-
permost L. sinuato-dentate; each lobe ending
in a strong spine. Cal. three times as long as
surrounding bristles. Phyl. ciliate above the

middle. Cilize rough, shorter than the termi-
nating mucro. p. 6,7. Stony woods. Sic.”
—Guss.

5. viscosus. lL. pinnatifid, with viscid
hairs above, cottony beneath. Phyll. smooth,
acuminate, more than twice as long as sur-

COMPOSITA. 219

rounding bristles. . 6,7. Coast. Milazzo.

Lampedusa.

Tribe II. CARDUINEZ.
476. BERARDIA.

1. subaculis. L. in rosettes, stalked, ovate,
crenato-dentate, everywhere woolly. vp. 7.
High, open, slaty gravel. w. Alps.

477. SERRATULA.

A. Crest surrounding top of Seed.

1. tinctoria. Somewhat diccious. L.
smooth, oblong, entire or pinnatifid, acutely
serrate. Fl. oblong, ina corymb. Phyll. ovato-
lanceolate, adpressed. p. Meadows and open
woods.

B. pumila, All L. pinnatifid.
y. integrifoha.

2. heterophylla. Fits. all complete. L.
rough. Root-L. ovate, on long stalks. Stem-
L. few, oblong, inciso-serrate ; upper linear,
entire. Stem simple, 1-flowered. Outer Phyll.
ovato-lanceolate, hardly mucronulate. p. 6, 7.
Mountains. Dau. Vienna. Istr.

a. Phyll. mucronate.
8. niteda. Phyll. without a mucro.

3. radiata. LL. rough with hairs, pectina-
to-pinnatifid. Div. lanceolate. Stem simple,
or with a few 1-flowered branches. I'l. nearly
globose. Phyll: mucronato-spinescent. p. 6,7.
Dry caic. Burkersdorf near Vienna. Istr.

4, nudicaulis. Fl. and Fits. all complete.
1. smooth. Root-L. on short stalks, quite en-
tire. Stem-L. very few, oblong, dentate. Stem
1-flowered. Outer Phyll. lanceolate, acumi-
nato-subspinose ; inner with dilated scariose
tip. p. 6,7. Open hills. Mt. St. Victoire,
Prov. s. Dau, Valle Pesiana in Pdm. Saleéve.

B. Crest on an umbo within the tip of the
seed. JURINEA.

5. eyanoides. 1. webby above, pinnati-
partite, with linear, entire segments. Margin
revolute. Stem few-flowered. Phyll. spread-
ing, tomentose. (Seeds somewhat pitted, Kocu.)
One or two of the Shafts of the Crest much
longer than the others. p. 7, 8. Sandy.
Rhine, about Mannheim, &e.

6. mollis.

Root-L. pectinato-pinnatifid,
villous above.

Segm. oblongo-linear, quite en-

tire. Margin revolute. Stem 1- or few-flow-
ered, naked at top. Phyll. squarrose, with a
woolly web: inner erect, with revolute margin.
Seeds pitted (lamellato-plicate, KocH.) p. 5, 6.
Open. s. e. G. Cev., between Campestre and
Salsouz. Benasque in the Pyr.

B. moschata. K. Nap.

7. humilis. Root-L. pinnatifid. Segm.
oblong, acute, hairless above. Stem 1-flowered,
shorter than L. Phyll. lax, nearly hairless.
p. 6. Near Campestre in Cev. and Port Ve-
nasque in Pyr.

B. Boccom. Segm. of L. obtuse. Madonie.

478. SAUSSUREA,

1. pygmeea. Phyll. acuminate, lax. Stem
l-flowered. L. mostly crowded on the head
of root, sessile, linear, hirsute beneath. p. 7, 8.
igh calc. Aust. Styr. Carn.

2. discolor. Phyll. adpressed. Fl. in a
compact corymb. L. white beneath, acumi-
nate: lower stalked, cordato-lanceolate ; upper
nearly sessile, oblongo-lanceolate, quite entire.
yp. 7,8. Very high granite rocks. Central
Alps.

3. alpina. Phyll. villous, adpressed. Fl.
in a compact corymb. L. flat, webbed beneath.
Root-L. ovato-lanceolate, somewhat dentate ;
upper oblongo-lanceolate, entire. p. 7, 8.
High meadows. Alps. Pyr.

479, STAHELINA.

1. dubia. Shafts of Crest smooth. Seeds
smooth. Fl. naked. Tube of Cor. longer than
border. Stem much branched. L. iBncae den-
ticulate. s.S.6. Dry barren. s. Fr. ‘Tt.

2. tenuifolia. ‘Stem shrubby, branched
at base. Branches erect, tomentose, 3—4-flow-
ered. Fl. ovato-subglobose. Phyll. lanceolate,
subulate at top, and cottony. LL. linear, revo-
lute, white beneath: the lower Grower —
Guss.

8. arborescens. Shafts of Crest hairy.

Seeds smooth. “Fl. corymbose. Tube of Fit-
shorter than border. Stem erect. LL. entire,
silvery: lower stalked, ovate; upper nearly
sessile, longer. s.S. Rocky. Mt. St. Vic-

toire. Isl. of Hyéres ?
480. ARCTIUM.

1h, appa. Phyll. nearly smooth, all su-

9FQ

220 480. ARCTIUM.

bulate, hooked, and of one colour. Fl. in a
corymb. .b. 7,8. Unceult.

2. tomentosum. Phyll. webby : inner Jan-
ceolate, with a straight mucro, coloured, and
somewhat radiating. Fl. corymbose. b. 7, 8.
Uneult.

3. minus. Phyll. webby, all subulate and
hooked: inner somewhat coloured. Fl. some-
what racemose. b. 7. Uncult.

These characters are taken from Koch.

481. CARDUUS.

The inner Phyllaries are linear in all the
species, generally coloured, 3-nerved, and pu-
bescent at the tip, mostly soft and unarmed ;
but in some species there is a slight mucro.
The L. in all are decurrent, and more or less
sinuate and inciso-dentate, with spines on the
teeth, which are longer and stronger as they
terminate a larger subdivision of the L.

I have put together the species with oblong
or cylindrical flowers, but find it impossible to
give an analytical view of this genus, or of the
next ;—in other respects I have copied De
Candolle, with an occasional character added
from Koch, Gaudin, and Gussone, where I
eould be sure the same species was intended.
The flowers clustered, some of them absolutely
sessile, or numerous on short stalks prickly
nearly or quite to the summit, or solitary on
long stalks, seem to be important characters ;
but I have not the materials to follow them
out.

A. Flowers oblong. Sp. 1-7.

B. Flowers nearly globular, or broadly ovate.
. Flowers clustered. Sp. 8-17.

i. Flowers nearly solitary. Sp. 18-34.

i
:
i

A. Flowers oblong.

1. pycnocephalus. FI. 2-5, crowded at

the end of the nearly leafless branches. Phyl.
subulate. Margin spreading, on an ovato-
lanceolate base; all mucronate: inner striate.
L. sinuate or pinnatifid, webby beneath. a.
b. 6,7. Wails and waste. Rouen. adr. G.
Htaly.

2. neglectus. “IL. oblong, sinuato-spi-
nose, woolly beneath. Stalks cottony, nearly
naked. Phyll. hairless, subulato-spinose, spread-
ing, exceeding flowers. a. Borders of fields.
Naples.”—TzEn. 1. solitary ; but DC. adds,
“or in small clusters.’ Var. of Sp. 1?

3. tenuiflorus. Fl. many, crowded at the

end of somewhat leafy branches. Phyll. lan-
ceolate, or the outer ovato-lanceolate and some-
what spreading, tapermg into a spine; inner
striate, erect, finely acute, not always spines-
cent. L. oblong, sinuato-pinnatifid, webby
beneath. a.b. 7,8. Waste.

4. sardous. Fl. 12-15, crowded at the
end of leafy, winged branches. Phyll. subu-
late, spreading, on a lanceolate base; inner
very finely acute. Stem-L. oblong, attenuate,
sinuato-pinnatifid, araneo-tomentose beneath,
and sometimes above. Segm. palmato-angular.
b. 5,6. Dry hills. un. Sard. Savona.

5. congestus. “Fl. 3-15, crowded, invo-
Iucrate. Cal. ovato-cylindrical. Phyl. taper-
ing into a spine, spreading at top: inner acute,
serrulato-laciniate. L. smooth above, arach-
noid beneath, pinnatifid. Div. 2-3-partite,
ending in strong spines. Segm. divaricate,
subdenticulato-spinulose. a. 5,6. Woods and
hedges. Bafia and Mandanico, Sic.’”’—Guss.

6. cephalanthus. ‘ Root-L. runcinate,
squarrose. Stem-L. lanceolate, acuminate, sinu-
ato-pinnatifid, spmose. Stem with many inter-
rupted wings. Fl. crowded, 30—40, cylindri-
cal. Phyll. adpressed : outer lanceolate, woolly,
spinose; inner smooth, linear, unarmed. b.
Isl. of Lavezzi between Cors. and Sard.”—Viv.
Ths and the preceding do not seem well dis-
tinguished from tenuiflorus.

7. arabicus. Branches winged to the top.
L. lanceolate, sinuato-pinnatifid, with white
spots above, tomentose beneath ; upper exceed-
ing flowers. Phyll. lineari-lanceolate, erect, flat,
with an abrupt, not pungent spine; inner
membranous, unarmed. a.b.4, 5. Malta.
Sicily.

B. Mowers ovate or nearly globular.
i. Flowers clustered.

§. Argyroa. “ Branches woolly, winged to
the top. Fl. ovate, somewhat corymbose, on
short stalks. L. linear, pinnatifid, dentato-
spinose, woolly beneath. Segm. palmato-an-
gular. Phyll. webby, adpressed, terminated by
a short spine; inner linear, acuminate, sca-
riose. F'lts. 20-30. a. 5. Uneult. Pal.
Sard.”—Moris.

9. Personata. Fl. 5—8, crowded at the end
of leafy and generally winged branches: lateral
ones sessile. Lower L. pinnate or pinnatifid ;
upper elliptic or ovate, undivided, irregularly
serrate: all somewhat webby beneath. Phyll.
somewhat serrulate, spreading. b. 7,8. Moun-
tain valleys. Alps. Vosges.

COMPOSITA, 221

10. Candollii. Stem nearly simple, winged
almost to the top. LL. lineari-lanceolate, sinu-
ate, dentato-spinose, lanato-tomentose on both
sides, as well as the Stem. Fl. crowded, ses-
sile, ovato-globose. Outer Phyll. webby, made
triquetro-subulate at the summit by an elevated
nerve, somewhat acute; inner linear, acumi-
nate, straight, membranous. b. Hills. Prov.
Sandy and waste. vu. It.

ll. confertus. “Branches long, webby
on back, winged to the terminal cluster of 3-5
flowers. lL. narrow linear, sinuato-pinnatifid,
dentato-spimose, webby below. fF'lts. 20,
white. ¥\. oval, sessile. Phyll. lanceolate,
adpressed, ending in a lax, rigid spine. b. 4-6.
Road-sides. Sard.’—Monris.

12. fasciculifiorus. “Stem with a few,
short, winged branches only at the top. L.
lanceolate, sinuato-pinnatifid, dentato-spinose,
nearly smooth. fl. ovate, crowded towards
the tops of the branches into a long thyrsus.
Phyll. very smooth, lanceolate, shining, pro-
duced into a straight spine; inner hardly as
long as outer. b. 5, 6. Hills on coast. Cors.
Sard.”—Moris.

13. carlinoides. White, cottony. Branches
winged. lL. linear, pinnatifid.
Teeth ending in strong spines. Fl. crowded,
corymbose, obovato-oblong, on short stalks.
Phyll. woolly at base, acuminate into spine.
b.? 6,7. High torrents. central and e. Pyr.
Tende ?

14. podacanthus. Branches short, tomen-
tose, winged to the globose and somewhat clus-
tered flowers. 4. lanceolate, pinnatifid, den-
tato-spmose, curled. Phyll. smooth, ending
in a rigid, subulate, hardly spreading appen-
dage. p. Mountains. Dau.

15. crispus. “LL. lanceolate, tomentose
beneath and somewhat villous on the veins,
smooth, pinnatifid. Segm. ovate, 3-lobed and
toothed. Fl. crowded or solitary. Stalks short,
spinose, or naked at the very summit. Seeds
with wrinkled strie. b. 7, 8. Waste.’—
Kocu. This seems to be the plant more com-
monly known in England as C. acanthoides.

16. acanthoides. “LL. hairless or only
villous on the veins beneath, pinnatipartite.
Segm. ovate, somewhat palmato-trifid. Fl.
subrotund, nearly solitary, on short spinose
stalks.’ Seeds finely wrinkled. b. 7,8. Waste.”
—Kocu.

17. polyanthemus. “L. villous on the
veins beneath, or araneo-lanate, pinnatipartite.
Segm. ovate, somewhat palmato-trifid. Fl.

Segm. and |

ovate, 3 or 5 together, on short spinose stalks.
Seeds very finely striate. b. 7, 8. Waste.
Jura. Tréves.”—Koon. I have copied Koch’s
characters of these three species, which seem
hardly different. The last rests excluswely
im the seeds.

ii. Mowers nearly solitary.

18. affinis. Stem slender at base and
branched at top, tomentose, not winged. L. lan-
ceolate, pinnatifid, tomentose beneath. Segm.
palmato-dentate. Fl. ovato-globose, nearly so-
litary, erect. Phyll. lneari-subulate, some-
what adpressed; inner longer, membranous,
unarmed, acuminate, somewhat coloured. op.
Mountains. Samunium.

19. corymbosus. “Branches long, to-
mentose, hardly winged, 1-flowered. LL. lan-
ceolate, webby beneath, sinuato-piunatifid, den-
tato-spinose, ciliate. Fl. somewhat corymbose,
ovate. Phyll. webby, erect, spmoso-subulate ;
inner hardly scariose, nearly unarmed. a. 5.
Waste. K. Nap. Sic.”—DC.

20. hamulosus. ‘“ L. araneo-lanate, or
nearly smooth beneath, pinnatipartite. Segm.
ovate, trifid or lobed. Branches rod-like.
Wings gradually decreasing to the naked sum-
mit. Fl. solitary. Phyil. linear, on a lanceo-
late base; inner recurved. b. 7,8. Waste.
Aust.”—Kocu.

21. collinus. “ L. nearly smooth or lana-
to-tomentose on one or both sides, pinnatipar-
tite. Segm. ovate, trifid and lobed. Branches
rod-like. Wings gradually decreasing to the
naked summit. Fl. nearly solitary. Phyll.
lineari-lanceolate, adpressed or spreading. b.
7,8. Waste. adr. G.’—Kocu.

22. Argemone. Stem branched at top.
Branches hardly twice as long as the L. L.
oblongo-lanceolate, semipinnatifid, spinuloso-
dentate, smooth, somewhat glaucous beneath.
Fil. erect, globose. Phyll. lineari-subulate, ad-
pressed, webby. Spine short. b. 6,7. For-
merly gathered in the Pyrenees by Pourret.
Perhaps a var. of C. defloratus or of C. are-
tioides.

28. arctioides. ‘“ L.somewhat webby be-
neath, at last hairless, pinnatipartite, with
elongated terminal lobe. Segm. lanceolate,
2- or 3-lobed on the anterior side. Stalks naked,
usually 1-flowered. Phyll. linear, spinulose,
mucronate, spreading from the middle. p. 8.
Mountains. s. e. Alps.”—Kocu.

24. defloratus. L. hairless or only hairy
on the veins beneath, nearly of one colour, den-

222 481. CARDUUS.

tato-serrate or serrato-lobulate; lowest and
uppermost, semidecurrent. Lobes bifid, F'.-
stalks long, naked. Phyll. linear, spinuloso-
mucronate, spreading from the middle. pp.
7,8. Rocky hills. Alps.

B. summanus, Pout. L. coarsely dentate,
spinoso-ciliate.

+. crassifolius, Kocu. L. coarsely dentate.
Teeth cloven.

5. cirsoides, Vii. L. smooth, dentate. Lobes
bifid.

e. rheticus. Differs from 6 in having strong
spines on the L.

¢. leptophyllus. i. narrow.
n. alpestris. I, pinnatifid.

25. tenuifolius. Branches few, very long,
tomentose, 1-flowered. IL. lanceolate, undi-
vided, semidecurrent, spinuloso-dentate, hair-
less, glaucous bencath. Fl. hemispherical, erect.
Phyl. linear, obtuse, unarmed, adpressed. p.
6, 7. Meadows. Basle. Monte Generoso ?

26. laxiflorus. ‘lL. lanceolate, serrate,
spinuloso-ciliate, hirsuto-scabrous on both sides.
Stalks long. FI. cernuous, solitary. Phyll.
lineari-subulate, lax. Aust. Alps.’—DC., from
TauscH: nxot noticed by Koch. It is said

closely to resemble C. defloratus.

27. acicularis. L. pinnatifid, dentato-spi-
nulose, villous, hoary beneath. F'l.-stalks
naked. Phyll. lineari-aciform (setaceous ?),
straight, spreading: the outer equalling flowers;
inner shorter. a. Ravenna.

28. carlinifclius. Branches long, tomen-
tose, without wings, 1-flowered. lL. lanceo-
late, pinnatifid. Lobes bifid, dentato-spinose,
hairless, glaucous beneath. FI. subglobose,
erect. Phyll. subulato-spmose at top; inner
hardly membranous. p. Moist rough. Prov.
Pyrenees.

29. platylepis. “1. villous on veins be-
neath, pinnatipartite. Segm. ovate, somewhat
palmato-trifid, spinuloso-ciliate. FI. subro-
tund, erect, solitary, or with an additional ses-
sile horizontal flower. Middle Phyll. some-
what contracted in the middle: base ovate;
upper part lanceolate. b. 7,8. Mields and
meadows in high valleys. Tyrol. Styria.”—
Kocu.

30. nigrescens. Scarcely branched. The
Branches winged to the top. LL. lanceolate,
sinuato-pinnatifid, dentato-spmose. Fl. cernu-
ous. Cal. hemispherical. Phyll. lanceolato-
linear; outer spreading. b. 7. Barren. s. e.
Fr. Smaller and less branched than C, nutans.

31. chrysacanthus. Somewhat branched
at top. Branches short, cottony, winged al-
most to the end. LL. lanceolate, pinnatifid,
dentato-spinose, ciliate, smooth, except that
the veins underneath are woolly. FI. globose,
nearly solitary. Phyll. webby: outer ending
in a somewhat spreading spime; inner mem-
branous, straight, unarmed, coloured. op.
Mountain pastures. Abr. Spines yellow.”
—DC.

32. nutans. “L. villous on veins beneath,
pinnatipartite. Segm. ovate, somewhat pal-
mato-trifid. Fl. solitary, subrotund, nodding.
Middle Phyll. contracted in the middle: base
ovate; upper part lanceolate, tapering into a
refracto-patent spe. b. 7, 8. Dry pastures.”
—Kocu.

33. macrocephalus. “ Branched. L. lan-
ceolate, sinuate, dentato-spinose. Fl. large,
hemispherical, solitary, cernuous. Outer Phyll.
ovato-lanceolate, somewhat reflexed: middle
ones contracted in the middle. Naples. V.
larger than im C. wutans. Phyll. 15 lines by
5, mstead of 10 by 2.”-—DC.

34. leucographus. Filaments united!
Branches few, long, naked. Lower L. oblong ;
upper sinuato-pinnatifid. Fl. solitary. Outer
Fits. often unproductive. a. b. 5, 6. Waste.
s. Fr. Osero. It.

Koch notices the following Hybrids :—

1. acanthoidi-nutans. ¥). solitary, nodding.

2. nitanti-acanthoides. ¥\. smaller, erect.

3. crispo-nutans.

I omit agrestis and Sancte-Balme of DC.,
as there is no description to identify them.

482. CIRSIUM.

A. L. setoso-scabrous on upper surface.
i. Stalk about 5-winged. Sp. 1-8.
ii. Stalk about 2-winged. Sp. 4, 5.
iii. L. not decurrent. Sp. 6-8.
B. L. not setoso-scabrous.
i. Fl. accompanied by bracts.
a. Stalk about 5-winged. Sp. 9, 10.
b. L. hardly decurrent.
* Not expanded at base.
** Expanded at base.
ii. Fl. without bracts.
a. L. not decurrent.

* Hvidently expanded at base. Sp.
18-22.

Sp. 11.
Sp. 12-17.

COMPOSIT. 223

** Hardly or not at all expanded at

base. Sp. 23-25.
b. L. decurrent, but not to next L.
Sp. 26, 27.
ce. L. decurrent beyond next L. Sp.
28-30.

A. L. setoso-scabrous on upper surface.
i. Stalk with about 5 wings.

1. lanceolatum. F'. ovate, solitary, webby.
Phyll. lineari-lanceolate, spinose; the outer
spreading. IL: deeply lobed. Segm. 2—3-cleft,
with teeth in the sinus. Terminal Lobe pro-
longed. b. 6-9. Waste.

B. nemorale. 1. less divided and whiter
beneath. Wood near Leipzig. Probably
a hybrid with C. pratense.

HYBRIDS.

1. lanceolato-palustre. Bracts lanceolate,
spinoso-denticulate at base, much shorter than
calyx. Phyll. gradually narrowed, keeled,
hardly viscid, ending in a slender, yellowish,
weak, spreading spine, about one-fifth as long
as phyllary. Zitrich—N moet iz Kocu.

2. lanceolato-pratense. LL. less decurrent.
Stem nearly simple. Paris. Geneva.

3. lanceolato-acaule. . of C. acaule, but
somewhat decurrent. Fl. of C. danceolatum,
but with shorter spmes. Savoy.—N@GELI 7a
Kocu.

2. crinitum. “Fl. nearly globose, few, at
the ends of the branches, somewhat webby.
Phyll. narrow, long-acuminate, spinescent,
slightly recurved, quite entire. L. webby be-
neath, pinnatifid. Div. somewhat lobed, ending
in strong spines. Narbonne. Resembles C.
echinatum, but with decurrent L. Fl. nearly
twice as large as in C. Janceolatum.’—DC.

3. sylvaticum. Fl. nearly globose, brae-
teate, stalked, solitary, webby. Phyll. recurved,
spreading. L. oblongo-lanceolate, sinuato-pin-
natifid, cano-tomentose beneath. Div. some-
what trifid, ciliato-spinulose. b. Mozst woods.
Boh. Not in Koch.

ii. L. decurrent, but not beyond the next L.

4. giganteum. L. amplexicaul, slightly
adnate. L. smooth above when old, with a
white tomentum beneath. Segm. short, ob-
tuse, spinous. Fl. about 3 together, at the
ends of the branches. Phiyll. lanceolate, acu-
minato-spinescent, nearly straight. b. 7. Dry
hills. Cal. Sic. Sard.

5. italicum. L. webby beneath, not en-

larged at base, distinctly pinnatifid. Outline
oblong. Inline very narrow linear. Div.
small, bifid or simple, with a spine in the sinus.
Segm. spinescent. Fl. ovato-oblong. Phyll.
lanceolate, spinescent. b. 7, 8. Barren /ulls.
Ktaly.

ii. L. not decurrent.

6. ferox. L. amplexicaul, pinnatifid, with
a hoary web; upper crowded about flowers.
Fl. broad ovoid. Phyll. subulato-spmose, ser-
ruate, somewhat spreading. b. 7, 8. Uncult.
s. France.

B. Lobeliz.

7. echinatum. bL. with a hoary wool,
pinnatipartite. Div. divaricate, bilobed. Segm.
spinescent. I'l. ovoid, woolly, sessile among
the upper L. Phyll. lanceolate, ending in a
strong spine; outer somewhat recurved ; in-
ner erect. p. 7. Barren fields. Ste. Lucie,
Narbonne. Sic. Smaller than C. eriophorum,
and with much stronger spines to the Phyll.

Fl, smaller, and woolly. Abr.

8. eriophorum. L. pinnatipartite. Div.
bipartite. Segm. nearly equal, oblong, spines-
cent. Outline of lower L. lanceolate, attenu-
ate into a spinose stalk. Inline linear. FI.
large, globose, generally very woolly. Phyl.
linear, generally obtuse and somewhat en-
larged at top, spmescent ; outer recurved. b.
Dry bushy.

B. spurium.

merous.

Fl. smaller, ovate, more nu-
Lake Ficino.
y. spatulatum, GAUD. Inner Phyll. more
evidently spatulate.
Cosson also mentions a var. found at Mont

Louis, e. Pyrences, with a leafy Invol. sur-
rounding each flower.

B. L. not setoso-scabrous on the upper surface.
i. Flowers accompanied by floral L.
a. Stalk about 5-winged.

9. pungens. “lL, lanceolate, pinnatitid,
white, cottony, woolly beneath. Div. 2-8-
cleft. Segm. and wings (?) ending in a strong
spine. Margin serrulato-spimose. Fl. in a
crowded raceme. Phyll. ovate, not longer than
the straight spreading spme. p. 6, 7. Doist.
Sic.”’—Guss. | j

B. siculum. Phyll. longer than the some-

what recurved spine.

10. palustre. ih pinnatifid, pubescent.
Div. lanceolate, somewhat incise, dentato-spi-
nose. Fl. crowded, ovato-globose. Phyll.
ovato-lanceolate, adpressed, ending in a short
mucro. p.7,8. Wet meadows.

224. 482, CIRSIUM.

HYBRIDS.

1. palustri-oleraceum (parviflorum, DC.)
has the stem and inflorescence of C, oleraceum,
but with decurrent L.; and the FI. of palustre,
but yellowish, with purple styles. Another
form differs chiefly from C. oleraceum in having
L. somewhat decurrent. G. and Sw. oce.—
N#GELI zz Kocu.

2. palustri-acaule differs from C. acaule in
its linear bracts and decurrent L., more slender
spines, which are more numerous at the base
of L., webby stalk, and smaller flowers. Near
Strasburg.—N #GELI zz Kocu.

b. L. not decurrent below the next ; Stem,
therefore, not more than 2-winged.

* L. not expanded at the base.

1l. arvense. Stem branched. L. webby
beneath, sinuato-pinnatifid. Outline lanceolate.
Lobes sinuato-angular; each segm. spinescent.
Inline of upper L. linear. Div. undulato-sinu-
ate. Phyll. lanceolate: outer few, somewhat

spinescent. Cor. divided to base. p. 7-9.
Waste.
B. setosum. 1. undivided, or only obtusely
sinuate, flat. e. Eur.
HYBRID.

1. arvensi-palustre (Chailleti, Kocu). L.
and Inflorescence of C. palustre. Fl. and Fits.
of C. arvense. Boggy meadows below Bruch
and Bahrandorf near Vienna. C. Chailleti of
Gaud. belongs to palustre, Kocu.

** T. expanded and amplexicaul at base.
Outer Phyllaries generally spinoso-ciliate
at base. Flowers yellow, except in C.
controversum.

12, oleraceum. Fl. sessile, crowded, Phyll.
ending in a weak spine. Bracts ovate or cor-
date, undivided. Lower L. elliptic, sinuate ;
middle pinnatifid. Segm. ovato - lanceolate.
p. 7,8. Moist meadows and woods. m. Eur.

HYBRIDS.

1. lanceolato-oleracewm (subalatum, GAv.).
L. semidecurrent, pubescent, somewhat pinna-
tifid. Segm. divaricate, 2-lobed. Fl. bracteate.
Phyl. lanceolate, acuminate, spinescent, spread-
ing. Neufehatel—Gavn.

2. oleraceo - arvense has barren lower
branches, as C. arvense. The Inflorescence,
Bracts, and Phyll. are intermediate. Flts.
more like those of C. oleraceum.

Another form has no auricles to L., and the
bracts are small and lanceolate.— N @GELI 2x
Kocnu.

3. oleraceo-Erisithales. . and Bracts ra-

ther of C. oleraceum. Inflorescence and FI. of

C. Erisithales. It. Sw. Monte Legnone.

Another form differs from C. oleraceum in
its narrower bracts and wider phyllaries, ter-
minated by a shorter spine.

4. oleraceo-rivulare (erucagineum, DC.). Fi.-
stalks short, furnished with muricate L. FI.
crowded. Bracts lanceolate or lineari-lanceo-
late, as long as flowers, green. Phyll. termi-
nating in a short spine. J¢ varies in almost
every degree between the two species. Swabia.
Bav. Appenzel. Juraa—NaGExi wz Kocu.

5. oleraceo-heterophyllum. I. cordate, am-
plexicaul, white or webby beneath. Segm. lan-
ceolate, entire on the forward side. FI. few,
crowded. Bracts oblongo-lanceolate, exceeding
flowers. Phyll. gradually contracted into a
short spine. Boh.

heterophyllo-oleraceum. Lower L. glaucous,
and nearly smooth beneath, Fl. somewhat
ventricose, crowded. Bracts oblongo-lnear,
not discoloured, equalling or exceeding the
flowers, Phyll. oblong, adpressed, or spreading
only at top, ending in a very short spine.
Rheinwald.—NaGELI tz Kocu.

6. oleraceo-bulbosum (Lachenalii, Kocu ;
pallens, DC.). L. of C. bulbosum. FI. of C.
oleraceum. Inflorescence intermediate.

Another form is nearer to duldbosum, and.
specimens are found hardly differing from that
species except in the colour of the flowers.

bulboso-oleraceum has Root and L. much
like those of C. oleraceum, with the Fl. and
Inflorescence like those of C. buldosum, except
that there are one or two bracts, and that the
Fl. are not purple. Sw. and G. occ.—NGELI
im KocH,

7. oleraceo-acaule (rigens, Hort. Kew.). LU.
of C. acqule. Fl. of C. oleraceum. Intflores-
cence and Bracts intermediate.

Another form differs from C. acaule in having
longer and more acute Phyllaries, yellowish
Fl, and the borders of the Flt. longer than
the tube.

acauli-oleraceum. .. of C. oleraceum. FI.
of C. acaule, but white or yellowish. Inflo-
rescence and Bracts intermediate, but rather
approaching those of C. acaule.

Another form differs from (C. oleraceum in
the sometimes two-lobed divisions of L., the
Fl. on longer stalks, and the Bracts narrower.
Scattered throughout G. and Sw.—N #GELI in
Kocu.

8. cano-oleraceum (Card. tataricus, LINN.)
in Root and L. agrees with C. oleraceum; in

COMPOSITA.

the long Fl.-stalks and Phyll. rather with C.
canum. nthe small L. of the flowering-
branches, and in the Bracts, it is intermediate.
Another form differs from C. oleraceum im
having somewhat decurrent L., more spines at
base, and narrower and shorter bracts. Jozst
meadows. e. G—Na&GELi zz Koc.

13. carniolicum. [Fl. sessile, crowded,
3 or 4 together, somewhat globose. Bracts
linear, pectinato-ciliate. Phyll. linear, pubes-
cent, without a keel. L. ciliato-spinose, bearing
rufescent hairs on the nerves, not webby.
Rocks. e. Pyr. Carinthia. Carn.

14. spinosissimum. F'. sessile, crowded.
Bracts laciniate, very spinose, far exceeding
flowers. Phyll. ending in spines as long as
themselves. L. elliptico-lanceolate, sinuato-
lobate. p. 7, 8. Moist mountains. Alps.
Jura.

HYBRIDS.

1. oleraceo-spinosissimum. L. of C. olera-

ceum. Fl. of C. spixosissemum. Bracts in-
termediate. Moist meadows in the Bavonnax
at Bex.

2. spinosissimo -Brisithales. lL. of C. Hrisi-
thales, but narrower and more thorny, with
shorter and broader segments, and the sinuses
between the teeth more obtuse. FI. of C. spi-
nosissimum, but the Phyll. shorter and more
spreading, and less thorny. Bracts interme-
diate. Meadows. s. Tyrol.

Another form, more closely resembling H77-
sithales, occurred in the garden at Erlangen,
from seeds of C. spinosissimum.—N&EGELI in
Kocu.

3. rivulari-spinosissimum. L. resembling
those of C. spenosissemum. Fl, and Inflores-
cence more like those of C. rivulare. Mea-
dows. Mt. Cenis.—NGELI in Kocu.

4. heterophyllo - spinosissemum (C. rigens,
DC.; C. antarcticus, Vitu.).. Lower L. some-
what webby beneath, and resembling more
those of C. spenosissemum. Upper L. and Fl. re-
sembling those of C. heterophyllum. Bracts
intermediate. Fl. milky or purple.

Another form approaches more to C. spino-
sissimum, with Fl. often yellowish. Moist
mountain meadows. Sw.—N@GELI iz Kocn.
C. controversum, DC., probably belongs to this
hybrid.

5. acauli-spnosissimum. Some specimens
have nearly the L. of C. spznostssimum and FI.
of @. acaule; in others the characters are
more intermediate. Mountain pastures. Sw.
rare.—N ©GELI iz Kocn,

26

~
Ot

15. Bertolonii. I'l. few, crowded. Bracts
pectinate, very spinose. Phyll. lanceolato-
linear, acuminate, mucronate. Stem branched.
L. bipinnatifid, very spinose. b. 8. Mts. of
Carrara.

16. glabrum. I'l. crowded, on short stalks.
Bracts pinnatifid, spinose, hardly exceeding
flowers. Phyll. erect, spinescent. Stem simple.
L. pinnatifid, spinoso-dentate, hairless. p.
Torrents. Weas and Venasque, centr. Pyr.

17. microcephalum. “L. lanceolate, pin-
natifid, at first webby above, densely tomentose
beneath. Stem-L. auriculato-semiamplexicaul.
Segm. of all bipartite, spinoso-subulate. Cal.
webby. Outer Phyll. lanceolate, on an ovate
or oblong base, spinose, somewhat narrowed ;
innermost lanceolato-linear, spinescent. p. 7, 8.
Ligh open. Monte Gennargentu.”—Moris.

ii. Flowers without bracts.
a. L. not decurrent.

* L. evidently expanded at base and amplext-
caul.

18. Erisithales. Fl. crowded, nodding,
yellow. Stalks densely pubescent, nearly leaf-
less. Phyll. lanceolate, spreading horizontally
from the middle; glutinous, not webby. L. pin-

natipartite. Segm. lanceolate, acuminate, re-
curved. p. 7-9. Shady mountams. Jura.
Alps.

HYBRIDS.

1. palustri-Erisithales. Root, Stem, and
L. very like those of C. Hrisithales, except
that the latter are decurrent and more thorny.
Fl. like those of C. palustre, but rather
larger, and with somewhat spreading phyllaries.
Inflorescence intermediate. Garden at Turin.
—NaGeEui 7m Kocu.

2. Hrisithali-heterophyllum (C. pauciflorus,
DC.). The L., webby beneath and green
above, and the tomentose stalk, recall the cha-
racters of C. heterophyllum; the crowded, nod-
ding, subrotund Fl. and glutinous Phyll. are
like those of C. Hrisithales. Il. purple. Moun-
tain meadows. Alps——NmeEui 7x Kocu.

19. ochroleucus. f'l. yellow, somewhat
crowded, erect. Stalks white, woolly. Phyll.
not glutinous, lineari-lanceolate, with soft mu-
cro, somewhat recurved. LL. pinnatipartite,
ciliato-spinulose. Segm. lanceolate, acuminate,
3-nerved. p. 7,8. Moist woods and meadows,
w. Alps.

20. rivulare. Fl. 1-3, crowded on a long
stalk, which is leafless in upper part. Phyll.

226 482. CIRSIUM.

lineari-lanceolate, adpressed, coloured. L. not
webby beneath, pinnatifid. Segm. lanceolate,
acuminate, undivided. p. 7. Moist moun-
tain meadows. Alps. Boh.

HYBRIDS.

1. palustri-rivulare (C. subalpinum, DC.).
Root and L. more like (C. rivulare. FI.
like C. palustre. Inflorescence intermediate.
Bracts 0.

Another form differs in little from C. rivu-
lare, except in having somewhat decurrent L.

rivulari-palustre. i. and Wings of the
Stem like those of @. palustre. Fl. of C. rz-

vulare. Inflorescence intermediate, but most
like the last. Sw. and Savoy.—Nmexn.i zz
Kocu.

2. rivulari-heterophyllum (C. pauciflorum,
Kocu, ed. 1). L. with a whitish web beneath,
dentate or pinnatifid, with lanceolate, nearly
horizontal lobes. Phyll. oblongo-triangular,
ending in a very short spreading spine. Bor-
der of Fits. longer than tube, purple. L.
nearer to C. heterophyllum ; ¥\. to C. rwvulare.
Meadows on the granitie Alps of Styria.—
Naeewi ez Koc.

21. montanum. “L. sessile, oblongo-
elliptic, hairless, paler beneath, sinuate. Segm.
ovate, remotely serrate, spinulose: upper laci-
niate. Fl. crowded. Phyll. lanceolate, mu-
cronulate, spreading. F'l.-stalks erect, with 1
or 2 bracts. Fl. purple. p. Woods. Monte
Baldo.” —Pot.

22. heterophyllus. Fl. solitary or some-
what clustered, globose, on long, leafless, webby
stalks. Phyll. adpressed, unarmed: inner long,
scariose, coloured, entire. L. lanceolate, some-
times with lanceolate offsets, serrate, cottony
beneath. Stem-L. much enlarged at base.
p. 6-8. Mountain meadows.

** T. hardly or not at all enlarged at the
base.

23. pratense (anglicum, DC.). Root some-
what tuberose. Stem usually 1-flowered, webby
at top. L. lanceolate, sinuato-dentate, webby
beneath : lower hafted ; upper sessile or slightly
amplexicaul, distant. Phyll. adpressed, webby ;
outer mucronate. p.6. Boggy meadows.

Forsteri. Probably a hybrid between this
and C. palustre. 1. numerous, decurrent, but
not to the next L., pinnatifid. Lobes bifid. Fl.
2 or 5 together. Outer Phyll. lanceolate,
mucronate; inner finely acute. Seems 2 all
respects intermediate. 7,8. Boggy. Tunbr.
Wells. Charmouth. Mayo.

24. bulbosum. Root tuberous. Stem
usually 1-flowered, somewhat woolly. Upper
L. small and distant. LL. somewhat webby be-
neath, pinnatipartite. Lobes somewhat pal-
mate. Lower L. hafted; upper sessile. Phyll.
webby, erect: outer mucronate. p. 7, 8.
Boggy meadows and thickets. m. Eur. Koch
unites this with the preceding.

HYBRIDS.

1. palustri-bulbosum. 1. and ramification
of C. bulbosum. FI. of C. palustre, but some-
what larger. Ziirich.

Another form differs from C.bu/éosum chiefly
by having decurrent L. Ziirich.

bulboso-palustre. L. of C. palustre. Fi.
of C. bulbosum. Inflorescence intermediate.
Ziwich—N #GELI em Kocu.

2. bulboso-acaule (Zizianum, Koc). L. of
C. acaule. Fl. of C. bulbosum.

Another form differs chiefly from C. acaule
in having the FI. and upper part of Stalk webby
and nearly leafless, and the Fits. less slender.
Ziivich.

acauli-bulbosum. LL. of C. bulbdosum. Fi.
of C. acaule.—NmGELI wz Kocu.

25. acaule. Stem almost 0, usually 1-flow-
ered. Root-L. stalked, oblong, pinnatifid, not
webby. Lobes dentato-spinose. Phyll. ovate,
smooth, adpressed, obtuse, but contracted into
a short mucro. Border of Cor. shorter than
the tube. p. 7,8. Dry hills.

B. Stalked. DC. refers hither Rozeni,
Vitu., dubius, WiILLp., mollis, VILt.,
Zizianum, Kocu.

HYBRIDS.

1. rivulari-acaule. I. of C. acaule, but less
deeply divided, with narrower segments and
larger spines. Inflorescence and FI. of C. r7-
vulare, but the latter somewhat larger. Moist
mountain meadows. Sw.

Another form differs from the caulescent
var. of C. acaule in having the L. and their
divisions somewhat narrower, hardly any bracts,
and the border of Cor. at least as long as tube.
—N#mGrLi zz Kocu.

2. heterophyllo-acaule. Habit of caules-
cent var. of C. acaule. I. less deeply divided
and somewhat webby beneath. Fl. of C. hete-
rophyllum, but larger, and with 1 or 2 bracts.
Zermatt, Vallais.

Another form approaches more nearly to C.
acaule, but with webby stem, weaker spines,
and somewhat smaller and narrower flowers.—
N#GELI zz Kocu.

COMPOSITA, 227

b. L. decurrent, but not to the next L.

26. pamnonicum. L. lanceolate, undi-
vided, ciliate, spimulose, scabrous, green on
both sides. Fl. solitary, on long stalks. Phyll.
smooth, linear, adpressed, unarmed, acuminate,
coloured. p. 6,7. Rugged mountains. s. G.
s. Switzerland.

HYBRIDS.

1. pannonico-acaule. I. of C. acaule, but
glaucous. Stems intermediate. I'l. of C. pan-
nonicum, but somewhat larger. Carn.

2. pannomeo-Lrisithales. L. more like those
of C. Hristthales. Vl. and Inflorescence nearer
to those of C. pannonicum. Fl. purple. It.
Switzerland.

Another form differs little from C. Erisi-
thales, except in having somewhat decurrent L.
and purple flowers.—N men. cz Kocu.

27. tuberosum (pratense, DC.). Stem
striate, villous, branched at top. LL. lanceolate,
incise, ciliato-spmulose. I'l. solitary, nearly
globose, on a stalk bearimg small L. Phyll.
lanceolate, adpressed, mucronate. p. JMea-
dows. s.¥r. Resembles C. monspessulanun,
but has El. more detached and L. more divided
and less decurrent.

c. L. decurrent to neat L., forming two wings.

28. monspessulanum. ‘The Stem tall,
branched. LL. lanceolate, undivided, somewhat
repand, unequally ciliate, generally webby be-
neath. Hl. crowded, ovato-globose, Phyll.
lanceolate, adpressed, mucronate. p. 8, 9.
Moist meadows. dt. Fr. Pdi.

B. pyrenaicum. I, cano-tomentose beneath.
y: dissectum. I. sinuato-pinnatifid.

29. canum. Root of bundled fusiform fibres.
Stem somewhat striate, webby. L. oblongo-
lanceolate, simuate or eroso-dentate, somewhat
hoary beneath. Lobes triangulari-lanceolate.
Fi. solitary, subglobose, on long, nearly naked,
webby stalks. - Phyll. lanceolate, adpressed,
with short mucro, spreading after flowering.
p. 7,8. Moist fertile meadows. e. G.

30. serratum. Lower L. decurrent, ob-
long, fleshy, serrato-dentate, spinoso-ciliate :
upper lanceolate, hardly decurrent. FI. soli-
tary, on long stalks. Phyll. ovate, adpressed,
mucronate, p. s. Hur. Perhaps not dis-
tinct from canum.

The Hybrids are so numerous in this genus,
that it seemed necessary to mention them. It
will be seen that they mostly assume two forms,

in each of which we find the L. and lower part of
the plant most like those of what is considered
to be the male parent, while the Fl. rather resem-
ble those of the female. ‘Che name of the female
parent is uniformly placed first by Mr. Nageli.
Between the hybrid and the male plant there are
often intermediate forms; but not, apparently,
between the hybrid and the female. Whether
a similar peculiarity can be traced in Carduus,
and whether hybrids ever occur between Car-
duus and Cirsium, I am not able to say.

483. CHAM ASPEHUCH.

1. gnaphalodes. A shrub. I'lts. ringent.
Axils of the upper L. furnished with 2 spines.
Phyl. long, with short spines, somewhat woolly ;
lower hardly spreading. Filts. feathered. s.S.
Calab. Iapygia. -

2. stellata. LL. sessile, lineari-lanceolate,
flat, white and cottony beneath, with 1 or 2
spines on each side of the base. Phyll. tuber-
cled at the base of the appendage. Flts. nearly
regular. a. 6,7. Dry fields. Nice. Sic.

3. Casabonze. L. sessile, ovato-lanceo-
late, reddish and cottony beneath, bearing bi-
ternate spines on margin. Phyll. hardly tu-
bercled within. Flts. nearly regular. b. 7.
Open barren. lba. I. of Hyéres. Sard.

4, stricta. L. semidecurrent, forming a
somewhat spinose wing, lanceolate, sinuato-
dentate, webby beneath. Segm. cloven. Phyll.
lanceolate, with subulate appendage, webby,
spreading. F ts. nearly regular. p. Rugged
julls. Naples.

5. firma. L. amplexicaul, rigid, woolly be-
neath, pinnatifid. Segm. divaricate, 3-spined.
Stem straight, simple. Fl. crowded, bracteate.
Phyll. webby, lmear, spinulose, spreading at
top. Cor. ringent. Filts. hirsute. p. 6, 7.
Fields. Palermo, according to Prest.

6. nivea. LL. semiamplexicaul, sinuato-pin-
natifid, webby above, tomentose and very white
beneath. Div. 2-3-lobed. Lobes acuminato-
spinescent. Tl. thick, nearly globose, webby.
All Phyll. acuminato-spinescent : appendage of
outer ones spreading, with a prominent mid-
rib. Fits. rmgent. p.6,7. Abr. Nebrodes.

484. NOTOBASIS.

1. syriaca. IL. amplexicaul, oblong: the
upper pinnatipartite, with spinose segments.
Fl. terminal and axillary, nearly sessile. a.
6-8. Dry stony. It. Sic. Sard.

9

a

228

485. PICNOMON.

1. Acarna. L. decurrent, lineari-lanceo-
late, tomentose, hoary, dentate, spinose and
ciliato-spinulose ; upper surrounding flowers.
a. 6. Barren fields. s. Eur.

486. ONOPORDON.

A. Stem erect, many-flowered. Outer Phyl-
laries spreading, nearly as long asinner. L.
decurrent.

1. Acanthium. L. sinuate, spinoso-den-
tate, tomentose on both sides. Phyll. lineari-

subulate, woolly at base. b. 7,8. Uncult.
Not in Sie.
2. virens. LL. sinuate, spinoso-dentate,

green on both sides. Phyll. rigid, lanceolate,
somewhat cottony and viscid at base. a.b. 7.
Uncult. Montp. Rome. Sic.

3. horridum. L. sinuato-pinnatifid, with
strong spines: lower somewhat villous ; upper
nearly smooth. Phyll. ovato-lanceolate, smooth;
outer somewhat reflexed. b. 6, 7. Bonifacio,

4. illyricum. LL. oblongo-lanceolate, si-
nuate, dentato-spinose, tomentose ; the upper
very short. Phyll. tomentose at base, smooth
at top, ovato-lanceolate: outer recurved ; inner
spreading. b. 6, 7. Rough and uncult. s. Fr.
Htaly.

5. macracanthum. LL. oblongo-lanceo-
late, acuminate, sinuato-pinnatifid, with spines-
cent teeth. Phyll. webby at base, smooth at
top, lanceolate, acuminate: middle ones subu-
lato-spimose, spreading, equalling tube of co-
rolla. b. 6. Walls and banks. 1. la Mad-
dalena, Sard. Hardly distinguishable from O.
illyricum.

B. Stem erect, many-flowered. Outer Phylla-
ries imbricate, evidently shorter than inner.

6. arabicum. L. decurrent, oblongo-lan-
ceolate, sinuate or pinnatifid, dentato-spinose,
tomentose on both sides. Phyll. nearly smooth,
lanceolate: outer adpressed. b. 6, 7. Dry
shores. Sard.

C. Stem none.

7. pyrenaicum. L. stalked, tomentose,
white beneath, pinnatifid, dentato-spinose. I'l.
many, obovate. Phyl. lanceolate, subulato-
spinescent, nearly erect. b. Open rough.
e. Pyrenees.

437. CYNARA.

1. Cardunculus. Branched. L. spinose,

485. PICNOMON.

all pinnati-lobate. Div. often pinnatifid, to-
mentose beneath. Phyll. ovate, acuminato-
spinescent. p. or b. 6,7. Rough fields. s. Fr.
Sard. Mtp. Cors.

2. horrida. Branched. L. spinose, pinna-
tifid, tomentose beneath : lower somewhat de-
current. Spines at the base of L. and of their
divisions connate at base. p. 6,7. Dry. Ci-
vita Vecchia. Sic.

3. humilis. Stem simple. L. not decur-
rent, pinnatipartite. Div. pinnatifid, linear,
spinescent, tomentose beneath. Phyl]. ending
in a subulate spine. p.? Rugged hills. Cors.

488. ATRACTYLIS.

1. cancellata. Stem branched. L. lneari-
lanceolate, ciliato-spinulose, pubescent. Outer
Phyll. setaceo-pinnatifid, spinose, connivent, ex-
ceeding flowers. Flts, all alike. a. 6. Open
rocky. Mat.

2. humilis. Stem somewhat branched,
somewhat woolly at base. L. oblongo-linear,
pectinato-pinnatifid, spinoso-dentate. Fl. 1-3,
terminal, yel/ow. Outer Fits. complete, pal-
mate, resembling rays. b. Open barren.

Narb. It.—DC.

3. radiciflora. Stems numerous, short.
L. lanceolato-linear, hairless, pinnatifido-den-
tate. Teeth spinescent. FI. solitary, nearly
sessile on the neck of the root. Outer Fits.
generally abortive, long lingulate, 5-fid, radiate.
p. Narbonne? F7/. purple. Resembles A. hu-
milis, but the interior Phyll. are not truneate.
—DC. i

Tribe III. CARLINE.
489, KENTROPHYLLUM.

1. lanatum. Base of Cal. cuneate. Outer
Phyll. woolly, squarrose, leaf-like ; inner ad-
pressed. Stem webby at top. Lower L. pin-
natifid, dentate; uppermost amplexicaul, pin-
natifido-dentate. a. 7, 8. Barren. s. Fr.
Sw. s. e. G. It.

2. turbinatum. Base of Cal. turbinate.
Outer Phyll. straight, woolly. Stem webby.
Upper L. amplexicaul, dentato-pinnatifid. a.
6,7. Fields. Polizzi, Sic—Guss.

490. CARDOPATIUM.
1. corymbosum. Corymbose. LL. pin-
natipartite. Lobes pinnatifid, incise, spinose.
Fl. blue. p. Dry fields. Abruzzi.

COMPOSIT A, 226

491. CARDUNCELLUS.

A. Crest as long as corolla. Flowers solitary.

1. pinnatus. L. pinnatipartite to midrib.
Segm. 7-10 on each side, lanceolate, spinescent.
Margin serrato-spinescent. Outer Phyll. leafy,
serrato-spinescent. Seed with 4 acute edges,
p. 5,6. elds. Sic.

2. monspeliensium, L. rigid, pinnati-
partite almost to midrib. Segm. 4—7 on each
side, lanceolate, spinescent. Margin serrato-
or often inciso-spinose. Outer Phyll. often 3-
nerved at base, spinose. Seed obovoid, with 4
nerve-like angles. p.7. Barren. s. Fr. It.
Sometimes stemless.

3. mitissimus. L. nearly unarmed, pin-
natipartite almost to midrib. Segm. 5—7, lan-
ceolato-linear, acute, inciso-serrate. Phyll. leafy,
inciso-serrate. Seed obovato-oblong, with 4
nerve-hke angles. p.6,7. Barren uncult.
s. Fr. occ. Ktampes.

B. Crest half as long as corolla.

4. exruleus. Lower L. oblongo-spatulate,
spinescent, dentate (stalked, Guss.). Outer
Phyll. leafy, 8-nerved, serrato-spinose : middle
striate; mner with long cilia. a. 5-7.

5. tingitanus. ‘Stem simple, 1- or more
flowered. Lower L. lanceolate, spincso-pinna-
tifid, widened at base and amplexicaul. p. 5-7.
Clayey. Sic.” —Guss.

492. CARTHAMUS.

Stem-L. ovato-lanceolate,
Seed somewhat 4-edged.
Probably escaped.

1. tinctorius.
serrato-spinulose.
a. 7, 8. s. Hur.

493, CARLINA.

A. Outer Phyllaries leafy ; inner radiating :
hardly any intermediate ones.

j. acanthifolia. Stemless. L. stalked,
pinnatifid, somewhat hirsute on both sides.
Segm. dentato-spinose. Fl. solitary, very large.
Longer Chaff acute, slightly thickened below
the summit. p. Mountain pastures. w. Alps.
Carniola. Tuse.

B. Cynara.
above.

Inner L. sessile; all smooth
embyrs

2. subacaulis. Stem very short, 1-flow-
ered. I. stalked, pinnatifid. Segm. inciso-
dentate, spimescent. Longer Chaff obtusely
clubbed. p. 7,8. Mountain pastures.

a, Radiant Phyll. linear at base.

B. simplex. Radiant Phyll. attenuate at base.

3. vulgaris. Stem 1- or more flowered,
webby. L. lanceolate, spinoso-dentate, pubes-
cent beneath. Inner Phyll. whitish, exceeding
the outer. (Flowering-branches everywhere
leafy, Gopr.) b.7, 8. Dry lulls. Interme-
diate Phyl. not always altogether wanting,
but they are very few and small,

B. Imbricate Phyllaries between the leafy
and the radiate.

4, longifolia. Stem 1—3-flowered. L. lan-
ceolate, remotely dentate: lower very long.
Radiant Phyll. white, ciliate to middle, falling
short of outer. b. 7, 8. High rocky. Three-
fourths of the flowering-branches quite naked.
Granite of the upper Vosges.—Gopr. Slopes
above the Sintersbach Wasserfall near Kitz-
bithel in the Tyrol. This is placed by Koch
with C. nebrodensis.

5. nebrodensis. Stem simple, about 3-
flowered, woolly. L. lineari-lanceolate, dentate,
spinescent ; upper tomentose on both sides.
FL on long stalks. Radiant Phyll. yellow,
brownish externally, hardly exceeding the outer.
yp. 7, 8. Rough hills. Nebrodes. Vosges. Tyr.

6. sicula. Stem 1—3-flowered, hairless. L.
pinnatifid, dentato-spinose, hairless above. FI.
sessile. Radiant Phyll. silvery ; outer spines-
cent, as long as inner. p. 7, 8. Uncult.
Sicily.

7. lanata. Stem forked. LL. lanceolate,
sinuato-spinose. FI. solitary, in the forks, and
terminal. Radiant Phyll. purplish, hairless.
a. 6,7. Open rough. s. Fr. It. Sard.

8. involucrata. “Stem forked or corym-
bose. L. oblongo-linear, ciliato-spinulose, pin-
natifid. Segm. somewhat squarrose. Cal. glo-
bose. The yellow radiant Phyll. not exceeding
the outer, sinuato-spinose ones. b. 9, 10.
Barren ills. Sic.”—Guss.

9. macrocephala. ‘‘ Stem simple or
somewhat branched (not forked). Bracts spi-
nose. Outer Phyll. few, coloured; inner ra-
diant, linear, acuminate, tapering pretty regu-
larly from the base to the summit. b. 7. High
stony. Monte Gennargentu, Sard.’—Moris.

10. corymbosa. Stem corymbose. L.
cordato-lanceolate, pinnatifido-dentate, spinose,
hairless. FI. all terminal. (Cal. cuneate at
base, Guss.) Inner Phyll. yellow. a. b. 6, 7.
Stony. Mat.

1l. racemosa. Stem woolly, branched.

230 493. CARLINA.

Fl. crowded or solitary, in the forks and
terminal.» L. lanceolate, ciliate, spinescent.
Radiant Phyll. yellow, occasionally fuscous
externally. a. Autumn. Barren hills. Cors.
Sardinia.

C. Inner Phyllaries neither coloured nor
radiant.

12. gummifera. Nearly stemless. L.
pinnatifid. Outer Phyll. somewhat convex,
spinose on back and margin, ending in three

points. p. 9. Barren coasts. Sard. Sic.
Apulia. Hardly agrees with Carlina in ge-
nerie character. Linn. placed it with Atrac-
tylis.

494, STLYBUM.

1. marianum. IL. amplexicaul, sinuate,
spinose, hairless on both sides, adorned with
white spots. Fl. terminal. a. 7,8. Uncult.

495. RHAPONTICUM.

1. cynaroides. Appendage to Phyll. long,
acuminate, serrato-ciliate, scariose only on
margin. Lower LL. pinnatipartite; upper
hardly pinnatifid. Segm. acutely dentate. FI.
few, erect. p. 8, 9. Rough meadows. e. Pyr.

2. scariosum. Appendage to Phyll. very
broad: all scariose; inner lineari-lanceolate,
very acuminate. L. undivided, cano-tomen-
tose beneath: lower stalked, oblong ; upper
sessile, elliptic. p. 7, 8. Rough meadows.
w. Alps. Carniola.

496, LEUZHA.

1. conifera. Seeds tubercled. Appendage
to Phyll. nearly circular. LL. lanceolate, entire
or pinnatifid. Stem simple, 1-flowered. p.b.
5,6. Rocky, barren. s. Fr. It. Sic. Sard.

Tribe IV. CHNTAURIEA.
497. CNICUS.

1. benedictus. L. amplexicaul, somewhat
decurrent, pinnatifid. Fl. terminal, bracteate,
yellow. a4. Stony. s. Kur.

498. MICROLONCHUS.

1. salmanticus. Stem erect, somewhat
branched. Lower L. pinnatifid, scabrous ;
others linear, undivided. FI. solitary, ter-
minal, on long stalks. a.b. 5,6. Dry. s.
Europe.

499. CRUPINA.

1. vulgaris. Stem erect. L. pmnatipar-
tite. Segm. linear, distant, denticulate. FI.
oblong, hairless, naked. a. 7, 8. Rough.
s. Europe.

500. CENTAUREA.

A. Phyllaries without any distinct appen-
dage. Sp. 1-3. :
B. Appendage to Phyllaries abrupt, unarmed.

i. Appendage to middle Phyllaries scariose,
not feathery. Sp. 4-10.

ii. Appendage of middle Phyllaries pecti-
nato-plumose.

a. Middle of Appendage not prolonged.
Sp. 11-14.

b. Middle of Appendage prolonged. Sp.
15-21.

C. Appendage to Phyllaries decurrent, un-
armed.

i. Outer Phyllaries without membranous
margin. Appendage pectinato-ciliate.
Sp. 22-28. (In Sp. 23 and 24 the
Phyllaries end in a mucro or small
spine.)

ii, All Phyllaries with a pale, entire, mem-
branous margin.

a. Appendage pectinato-ciliate. Sp. 29-
33.

b. Appendage palmate.
c. Appendage entire.

Sp. 34, 35.
Sp. 36.
iii. Margin of Phyllaries dark and ragged
Sp. 37.
iv. Margin dark, pectinato-ciliate, passing
into appendage. Sp. 38-41.
v. Margin serrato-fimbriate. Sp. 42-44.
D. Appendage to Phyllaries spinescent.
i. Phyllaries spinoso-ciliate, prolonged into
a soft, terminal spe. Sp. 45.
ii. Like i., but the spine rigid. Sp. 46-
52.
iii. Phyllaries not spinoso-ciliate, ending
in a simple spine. Sp. 58.

iv. Phyllaries with accessory spines at
base.

a. Ilowers yellow. Sp. 54-60.
b. Flowers purple. Sp. 61-67.

v. Spines palmate, nearly equal. Sp. 68—
72.

Not well known. Sp. 738-75.

COMPOSIT A. 231

A. Phyllaries somewhat membranous at top,
but without a distinct appendage.

]. Crupinastrum. Shafts of Crests to
inner Seeds very numerous, tiled in many rows.
L. pinnatipartite. Segments nearly linear, ser-
rate or serrato-pinnatifid, frmged with glands.
a. 4-6. Open hills. Sard. Resembles Cru-
pina.— Moris,

2. Centaurium. Shafts of Crest in 2
rows; outer longer. L. pinnatipartite. Segm.
lanceolate, acutely and unequally serrate. 7.
brownish purple. p. 7. Susa. Fenestrelle
and Val d’Ossola in Pdm. Monte Gargano.

3. alpina. Shafts in 2 rows; outer longer.
L. quite smooth, pinnate. Segm. oblongo-
linear, serrate only at top. Phyll. striped with
brown. Fl. yellow. p. St. Maurice in Sa-
voy. Duomo d’Ossola.

B. Middle Phyllaries unarmed. Appendage
abrupt.

i. Appendage cartilaginous or scariose, not
Seathery.

4. tauromenitana. “ Crest of many rows.
Appendage generally trifid, cartilaginous. Div.
tomentose. Lower L. lyrato-pinnatifid, web-
by beneath: terminal lobe very large and ir-
regularly toothed. Upper L. pinnatifid, smooth.
Segm. entire, nearly equal. Cal. ovato-globose.
Appendage of the same colour. p. 5, 6. Rocks
above Taormina.”—Guss.

5. alba. Crest double. Appendage transpa-
rent, cuspidate. Root-L. lyrate or pinnatifid.
Segm. of all acute. p.7,8. Open hills. s.
Kur. Appendage altogether pale.

B. deusta. Appendage with a dark spot.

6. splendens. Crest double. Appendage
rounded, without cusp. Root-L. pinnate.
Segm. of all acute. p. 7,8. Naples?

7. incama. Crest simple. Appendage
nearly without cusp, marked with a dark spot.
L. white and cottony on both sides, with obtuse,
mucronate, entire segments; lower lyrato-
pinnatifid. High rocks. Abr.

8. deusta. Crest 0. Appendage of all
Phyll. scariose, with a dark spot, and termi-
nating in a long seta. Lower L. pinnate.
Root-L. pinnatifid: upper entire. p. 6, 7.
Sandy shores. Faro at Messina.—Guss.

9. amara. Crest 0. Appendage of all
Phyl. simply scariose, not transparent. Root-
L, stalked, lanceolate. Stem-L. sessile, lanceo-
late or linear. FI. bracteate. p. 8. Dry
open. s. Kur.

10. Sacea. Crest 0. Appendage of outer

Phyll. fringed; of middle scariose. Root-
L. somewhat toothed. Stem-L. sessile, lan-
ceolate, quite entire, p. 6-9. Dry pastures.

m. Hurope.

B. decipiens.
fringed.

y. nigrescens, DC. According to Koch, mid-
dle Phyl. fringed. This seems to differ
trom the radiate var. of C. nigra only
in the want of crest to the seeds.

8. pratensis.

A larger portion of Phyll.

Appendage prolonged, acute-

It also occurs sometimes without radiant
Florets.

ii. Appendage of middle Phyllaries with pee-
tinate fringe.

a. Middle of Appendage not prolonged.

ll. nigrescens. Crest 0. Appendage
distant, not covering the whole calyx. .
oblong or ovate, denticulate: lower sometimes
lyrato-sinuate. p. 7, 8. Mountain meadows.
s. Alps.—Kocu. Seems to differ from Jacea y
only in the smaller size of the appendages.

12. mutabilis. Crest short. Appendage
of middle Phyll. lacerate at base, pectinate at
top. Phyll. with a scariose wing! L. lanceo-
late, entire ; lower sometimes lyrate. p. Un-
cult. Agen. FU. at first yellow: Rays after-
wards becoming purple. The membranous
margin makes tt doubtful if this should not
rather be placed in Div. ©.

13. nigra. Crest short, unequal. Appen-
dage of middle Phyll. altogether pectinate.
L. lanceolate or linear; lower somewhat
sinuate. p. 7, 8. Meadows and uncult. Va-
ries with or without radiant Fits.

14. spatulata. Crest short. Appendage
of middle Phyll. altogether pectinate. L. very
rough, spatulate; lower somewhat lyrate. p.
Stony hills. Abr.

b. Appendage pectinato-plumose, prolonged
in the middle, recurved.

15. austriaca. Stem erect, branched. L.
ovate, rough, undivided, coarsely toothed. FI.
radiant, nearly sessile among upper L. p. 7,-
8. Stony. e. G.

16, procumbens. Branched, procum-
bent, cottony. Lower L. lyrate ; upper ovate,
amplexicaul. F'l. radiant, sessile among upper
L. p. Between Utelle and Tourettes in Pdm.
Very rare.

17. pectinata. Branched, erect, hoary.

232 500. CENTAUREA.

Lower L. dentate, lyrate; wpper sessile, amplexi-
caul: all L. mucronate. FI. radiant, sessile
among upper L. p. 7, 8. Stony. s. Fr.
Piedmont.

18. flosculosa. Somewhat branched,
roughish. L. lanceolate; the lower stalked.
Fl. without rays, sessile among upper L. p.
7, 8. Pdm. Belg. (Var. of C. phrygia, Kocu.)

19. nervosa. Stem simple, 1-flowered.
Crest nearly as long as seed. LL. lanceolate,
denticulate, undivided: upper deeply toothed
and somewhat truncate at base. Fl. nearly
sessile among upper L. p. 7,8. Mountain
pastures. Sw.s. Tyr. Carn.

20. phrygia. Stem simple, 1-flowered.
Crest about one-third as long as seed. L.
ovate or elliptic, denticulate, often deeply
toothed at base, somewhat auricled. Fl. glo-
bose, sessile among upper L. p. 7, 8. Moun-
tain woods and pastures. Alps.

21. uniflora. Simple, 1-flowered, cottony,
hoary. L. lineari-lanceolate, acuminate:
lower attenuate, somewhat dentate; upper
sessile, somewhat auricled, entire. Fl. sub-
globose, nearly sessile among the upper L. p.
7, 8. Mountain pastures. Savoy. Dau.

CG. Appendage somewhat decurrent, unarmed.

i. Outer Phyllaries without membranous mar-
gin. Appendage pectinato-ciliate, unarmed.
Stem corymbose.

22. Cineraria. Appendage dark. Phyll.
5-7, ribbed. The whole plant very hoary.
Nearly all L. bipinnatipartite. Segm. obtuse.
p. 5, 6. Cale. rocks on sea-shore. Terracina
to Calabria.

23. Parlatoris. “Appendage scarioso-
ciliate. Outer Phyll. shorter, with black cilia
and a short terminal spine; inner unarmed.
Stem angular. Branches irregularly length-
ened. Root-L. lyrato-pinnatifid and bipimnati-
fid. Stem-L. pinnatifid at base. The outer
Segm. longer. L. of Branches linear, dentate
at base. p. 6,7. Mountain pastures. Sic.”
—Guss.

24. ezerulescens. Appendage with dark
spot, mucronate. Phyll. 5—7-ribbed. Root-
L. bipinnatipartite. Segm. acute; upper linear,
entire. p. mdt. Hur.?

25. maculosa. Appendage with dark
spot, quite unarmed. Phyll. 5—7-ribbed. Lower
L. bipinnatipartite: upper pimnatifid. Segm.
linear; uppermost close to flowers. b. 7, 8.
Open uncult. m.and s. Bur. oce.

26. busambrensis. “ Phyll. with long
brown cilia at top and on margin, spotted. L.
pinnatifid. Segm. broad, acute, often inciso-
dentate. p.5,6. Stony calc. hills. Monte
di Caleanturo. Busambra. Isaello in Sicily.
Differs from Cineraria in rarely exhibiting
somewhat bipinnatifid root-L.” —Guss.

27. cinerea. Hoary. Appendages dark.
Phyll. 5—7-ribbed. _Root-L. pinnatipartite.
Segm. lanceolate, somewhat incise, obtuse ;
upper pinnatifid at base, close to flowers. p.5—7.
Dry hilis. Mt.

28. paniculata. Appendage pale. Phyl.
5-7-ribbed. L. somewhat woolly: lower bi-
pinnatipartite; upper pinnatipartite. Segm.
linear, acute; a few of uppermost quite entire,
close to flowers. b. 7,8. Warm uncult. s.
Europe.

ii. All Phyllaries with pale, entire, membra-
nous margin.

a. Appendage pectinate.

29. cristata. Crest 0. Middle Div. of
Appendage mucroniform. Root-L. nearly tri-
pinnate ; upper pinnate. Lts. and uppermost L.
linear. Branches divaricate. b. 7, 8. Dry
stony. ‘Trieste.

30. dissecta. Crest very short. Appen-
dage black, with white decurrent border.
Plant grey, cottony. Root-L. pinnatipartite :
segm. oblong, somewhat toothed. Stem-L.
sessile: segm. linear, entire. p. Stony. K.
Nap. Sic. Wot im Guss.

31. laciniata. Hoary. Crest very short.
Appendage reddish, decurrent in a scariose
border. L. nearly all pinnatipartite. Segm.
long, lear, acute, quite entire; uppermost
linear, undivided. p. Stony. Abr.

32. ambigua. Somewhat cottony. Crest
very short. Appendage pale, decurrent. Root-
L. lyrato-pinnatifid. Stem-L. sessile, linear,
quite entire; the lower with 1 or 2 lobes on
each side of base. p. Dry. K. Naples.

33. kartschiana. Hairless. Crest as long
as seed. (Appendage produced into a spine,
Kocu.) Root-L. nearly bipinnate. Stem-L.
pinnate. Segm. and upper L. lanceolate, some-
what wider upwards. Stem much branched
from base. p. 7, 8. Rocky mountain meadows.
Duino. Cherso.

b. Appendage palmate. Strie of Phyllarves
depressed.

34. sempervirens. Somewhat shrubby.

COMPOSIT A. 233

L. lanceolate, with a tooth on each side of
base, otherwise entire : lowermost hastate. FI.
naked. s.S. or p. Calc. mountains. K. Nap.

35. intybacea. Somewhat shrubby. Lower
L. pinnatipartite, segments lincari-lanccolate,
acuminate, quite entire; upper sessile, with a
few large teeth. Fl. naked. s.SS. or p. Open.
Mars. Narbonne.

ec. Appendage of middle Phyllaries entire.

36. aplolepis. Whitish, cottony. Phyl.
quite smooth. Margin of Appendage entire,
except in the inner phyllaries. Lower L. bi-
pinnate or, pinnate, with incise, lanceolate Lts.;
middle pinnatifid, segments quite entire; up-
permost undivided. p. 5, 6. Coasts. Genoa.
Volcanic rocks. Lipari Islands.

iii. Margin dark, somewhat jagged at top.
Appendage pectinate.

87. pullata. Stemsimple. Root-L. pin-
natifid. Lobes ovate, entire. Stem-L. (if any)
attenuate at both ends. Fl. ovate, sessile
among upper L. p. Coasts of Mdt. Hedges in
s. Fr., according to Duby and Deslongchamps ;
but it does not seem to be the same. Not in
ftal. Floras.

iv. Margin dark, pectinate, passing into ap-
pendage.

38. Scabiosa. Branched, many-flowered.
1. pimnatifid. Segm. lanceolate, pinnatifid at
base. Div. entire, each ending in a callous tip.
Appendage narrower than phyllary. p. 7, 8.
Meadows and uncult.

B. spinulosa. Middle of Appendage pro-

longed into a spine.— Kocu.

39. kotschyana. 1—2-flowered. L. pinna-
tifid or lyrato-pinnatifid. Segm. lanceolate,
sometimes toothed, ending in callous tip. Ap-

pendage broader than phyllary. p. 7, 8. Slopes. »

Mount Ortscher in lower Aust.

40. sordida. Lower L. bipinnate; upper
pinnatifid. Segm. linear, ending in a bristle-
like mucro. Appendage not covering the nerve-
less phyllaries. p.6, 7. Dry meadows. Carn.
adr. G.— Kocu.

41. arachnoidea. Stem-L. bipinnate.
Segm. linear, furrowed. Carrara.—Prrs.

wv. Margin serrato-ciliate, passing into ap-
pendage.

42. Gyanus. Floccoso-tomentose. LL. li-
near, sessile, quite entire : lower broader, pin-
natifid or toothed at base. Crest about as long
as seed. b. 6,7. Corn.

28

43. montana. Stem nearly simple. Iu. ob-
longo-lanceolate, decurrent, somewhat webby.
(Length of Fringe about equal to breadth of
margin, Kocr.) Lis last character, on which
Koch rests in order to distinguish this species

Jrom the following, appears to me very uncer-

tain. p. 7,8. Mountain and hilly pastures.
m. Hurope.

44. axillaris. Fringe somewhat cartila-
ginous, more than twice as long as breadth of
margin. L. decurrent, elongato-lanceolate, en-
tire or sinuato-dentate. p. 7, 8. Warm hills.
s. of Alps. This includes stricta, W. and K.,
and seusana, VILL.

D. Appendage to Phyllaries spinescent.

i. Phyllaries with pectinate appendage pro-
longed into a soft spine.

45. filiformis. Crown of Root covered
with reddish-brown velvet. Stem otherwise
hairless. Lower L. bipinnatipartite ; upper pin-
natipartite. Segm. lineari-filiform, acute. p.
5-7. Calc. mountains. Cors. Sard. Tavolara.

ii. Phyllaries spinoso-ciliate and prolonged
into a rigid, terminal spine.

46. diffusa. Divaricato-ramose. Fl. nearly
naked, purple. Spine of Phyll. spreading.
Crest 0. Root-L. bipimnatifid. Lower stem-
L. pinnatifid; upper lineari-lanceolate. b.
7, 8. Port Juvenal near Montpellier.

47. horrida. Shrubby, much branched,
cottony. £7. purple. Spine short. Crest
double. L. pinnatipartite. Segm. subulate,
spinescent. s.8.5,6. Jlarit. rocks. Genoa.
Sardinia.

48. hybrida. Branched. Phyll. adpressed.
Spine straight. Radiant Flts. purple; those
of Disc yellow. L. somewhat woolly: lower
pinnatifid ; upper lineari-lanceolate, mucronate.
b. Open hills uear Turin. A hybrid between
eeerulescens and solstitialis p—DC.

49. rupestris. Fl. yellow, on long, naked
branches. Lower L. bipimatipartite ; upper
pinnatipartite. Segm. linear, entire, with very
acute mucro; the terminal longest. p. 6, 7.
Rocks. Carn. Apenn. Abr. ;

B. subinermis. Appendage to Phyll. hardly

spinescent. Carrara.

y. aculeosa. Appendage ending in a long,

rigid, spreading spme. Carn.

50. ceratophylla. Flowering-branches
few, leafy almost to top. Lower L. pimnati-
partite. Segm. linear, very acute, quite entire.

234 500. CENTAUREA:

Fl. yellow. Open rocks. Abr. Naples. Apenn.
Sardinia.

51. collina. Phyll. ovato-lanceolate, longer
than the somewhat spreading spine. Fl. yel-
low. L. somewhat asper: lower bipinnatifid,
segments oblong or lanceolate, hardly acute ;
upper pinnatifid, segments linear; the last ob-
long. Uppermost L. undivided. p. Open.
Coasts of Mdt.

8. With a longer spine.

52. centaurioides. Phyll. ovato-lanceo-
late, longer than the spreading spme. Fl. yel-
low. Lower L. simply pinnatipartite: lobes
oblong, entire ; the terminal larger and ovate:
upper inciso-pinnatifid. p. Meds. mdt. Kur.
Not in Koch or Guss.

iii. Phyllaries ending in a simple spine.

53. aurea. Flts. equal. Spines spreading.
Stem erect, branched. Lower L. pinnatifid ;
upper not decurrent. p. s. Hur. Perhaps
not different from C. Schouwii.— DC.

iv. Phyllaries not spinoso-ciliate, but with
accessory Spines at the base of the prin-
cipal.

a. Howers yellow.

54. solstitialis. Outer Phyll. with pal-
mate spines, nearly equal, woolly. Root-L.
lyrate or pinnatifid. Stem-L. lanceolate, de-
current, quite entire. a. 7,8. Dry wari.
s. Eur. Oce. in north.

55. lappacea. Outer Phyll. with palmate
spines, of which the lateral are short and soft,
sometimes wanting. Stem much branched. FI.
terminal, solitary. Root-L. lyrato-pimnatifid.
Stem-L. lineari-lanceolate, decurrent. a. 7—
10. Dry hills. Sic.

56. Schouwii. Outer Phyll. with a sim-
ple, reflexed spme, somewhat woolly when
young. Stem-L. linear, entire, mucronate, de-
current. a. 5-7. Dry. Nebr. Sard.

57. melitensis. Spines of Phyll. all simi-
lar. Fl. solitary among upper L. Root-L.
pinnatipartite. Stem-L. linear, toothed. a. 5, 6.
Open. Sic. Sard. Bois de Boulogne.

58. apula. Spines of Phyll. all similar,
not very rigid. Fl. mostly clustered among
upper L. Root-L. lyrate or pinnatipartite.
Stem-L. lanceolate, quite entire, decurrent. a.
Open. Apulia. Cors. Sard. Arles. Perpignan.

59. sicula. Fl. solitary among upper L.
Spines of Phyll. all similar, rigid, spreading.
Lower L. lyrate or pinnatifid, Stem-L. lnear,

mucronate, quite entire, decurrent. a. 7.
Monte Artesino, Sic. Mtp.

60. fuscata. Phyll. all with similar spines.
Fl. solitary, hairless, bracteate. Lower L. ly-
rate or pinnatipartite. Stem-L. amplexicaul,
not decurrent. p.6. Dry hills. Sic. Sard.

B. xanthina, SPRENG. L. scabrous; upper
spatulato-oblong.

b. 1. purple. L. not decurrent.

61. adulterina. Phyll. scariose, ciliato-
lanate, somewhat spinulose, and ending in a
straight spine. LL. lineari-oblong, acute; up-
per entire, approaching flower. p. Vercelli,
Pdm. Perhaps a hybrid between C. Calcitrapa
and paniculata, DC.

62. torreana. Branches erect. FI. on
short stalks. Spines weak, spreading. Crest
0. L. scabrous, pinnatifid; upper lanceolato-
linear, denticulate. b. Monte Gargano.

63. Calcitrapa. Much and diffusely
branched. Fl. among the upper L. Spines
firm, channeled above. LL. pinnatifid. Segm.

linear, acute, dentate. Crest 0. a.b. 7-9.
Uneult.
B. autumnalis. Lower L. bipinnate. Lyons.
Montpellier.

64. myacantha. Diffusely branched. FI.
among the upper L. Appendages ovato-lan-
ceolate. Spines firm. L. undivided, lineari-
lanceolate, somewhat asper. Crest 0. Vin-
cennes near Paris. Not now found.

65. macroacantha. “Crest 0. Central
Spine of Phyll. very strong, with 2 or 3 small
ones oneach side. Inner Phyll. scariose at top,
obtuse. Lower L. oblongo-lanceolate, acutely
and irregularly inciso-serrate; upper lneari-
lanceolate, spinuloso-serrulate. a. 6, 7. Sandy
uncult. Palermo, all’ Acqua Santa.”—Guss.

66. Pouzini. Diffusely branched. Spines
firm, with 3 rather distant Spinules on each
side of the base. Outer Seeds without, mner
with, a short crest. LL. lineari-lanceolate, in-
ciso-dentate or pinnatifid. b. Dry open. s. Fr.

67. calcitrapoides.
hairless. Fl. among upper L. Spines firm,
channeled. L. pinnate. Segm. lanceolate,
acute, serrulate. A short Crest to all the
Seeds. b.7, 8. s. Fr.? Savona.

Branches divaricate,

v. Spines palmate: the central one not greatly
larger than the others. El. purplish.

68. sphzerocephala. Diffuse. Fl. brac-

teate. Spines 5, somewhat spreading. Outer

COMPOSIT A.

Seeds without crest. L. auricled, not decur-
rent, amplexicaul, oblong, inciso-dentate ; lower
pinnatifid. p. 5. Sandy shores. It. Sic. Cors.
Sardinia.

69. aspera. Fl. bracteate. Spines 3-5.
Seeds all crested. L. not decurrent, nearly all
pinnatipartite, with large blunt teeth. p. 6-9.
Uncult. s. Bur. The Spines seem to be some-
times erect and sometimes spreading, or even
refleced.

70. Ismardi. Fl. bracteate. Seeds all
crested, A large portion of upper L. linear,
quite entire. p. 6-8. Guernsey. s. Fr.

71. sonchifolia. Hrect. Fl. bracteate.
Spines 5, somewhat reflexed. Crest very short.
L. oblong, amplexicaul, semidecurrent. Teeth
mucronate, spinescent. L. stalked, undivided.
p. 4,5. Sandy shores. Nap. Nice. Prov, n.
Sicily.

B. auriculata, Pers. L. with broad auricles.

72. mapifolia. LHrect. Fil. sessile among
upper L. Spines erect, nearly parallel. Stem-
L. very decurrent, lineari-lanceolate; lower
pinnatifid. Root-L. lyrate. a. 5-7. Open
barren. Rome, Cors. Apulia. Sic. Sard.

Not well known.

73. crassifolia, Berto. Hairless. Stem
fwwrowed, nearly simple. L. quite entire; the
lower obversely lanceolate. Cal. turbinate.
Phyll. ovate, naked, striate, quite entire: the
outer acute; the inner obtuse. Crest rusty
white, longer than the seed. Malta.

74. Stoebe, Linn.
very entire. Phyll. oblong, ciliate.
Marseilles ?

75.peregrina, Linn. L. lanceolate, stalked,
toothed at base. Phyll. setaceo-spinose. s.
Europe.

L. pmnatifid, linear,
Aust. ?

501. GALACTITES.

1. tomentosa. L. pinnatifid. Hoary be-
neath, marked with white above, without hairs.
Segm. spimose. a. b. 5,6. Coasts. Mat.

Tribe V. XERANTHEME.
502. XHRANTHEMUM.

1. annuum. Shafts of Crest of complete
Fits. 5, falling very short of chaff of receptacle.
Fits. about 100. Phyl. mucronate, quite hair-

235

less: inner radiant. a. 5, 6. Dry stony.

s. Hur. s. ec. G.

2. inapertum. Shafts of Crest of com-
plete Fits. 5, somewhat exceeding chaff of re-
ceptacle. Fl. 30-40. Phyll. hairless ; inner
somewhat longer, hardly radiant. a. 6. Open
rocky hills. Vall. Coasts of Mdt.

3. ecylindraceum. Shafts of Crest of
complete Flts. 8-10, far exceeding chaff of re-
ceptacle. Fl. 10-12. Cal. ovoideo-oblong.
Phyll. woolly at back ; inner somewhat longer,
hardly radiant. a. 5,6. Open dry. mat.
Europe.

Tribe VI. CALENDULEZ.
503. CALENDULA.

1. officimalis. All Seeds curved, muricate
on the back; outer somewhat larger, crested,
slightly lengthened. Lower L. spatulate; up-
per cordato-lanceolate, amplexicaul, somewhat
dentate. a.7, 8. elds. s. Kur. Escaped
Srom gardens.

2. maritima. Villous, viscid. Outer Seeds
curved, truncate, shorter than calyx, hardly
muricate ; ner nearly annular, muricate on
the back. Lower L. obovate, attenuate; upper
lanceolate, semiamplexicaul. a. Nearly all the
year. ‘Trapani. ;

3. arvensis. All Seeds curved, rostrate,
twice as long as calyx, echinate on the back ;
imuermost narrow. Lower L. oblongo-spatu-
late, entire ; upper cordato-lanceolate, amplex-
icaul, somewhat dentate. a. 5-8. elds.
m. and s. Hurope.

B. bicolor.
Sicily.

4. parviflora. Outer Seeds curved, winged,
hardly twice as long as calyx; some echinate
and with a short beak, others truncate and
nearly smooth ; innermost terete, annular,
somewhat margined. Lower L. oblong, atte-
nuate, entire; upper lanceolate, semiamplexi-
caul, dentate. a. 11-5. Melds. Sic. In-
termediate between Sp. 3 and 5.

Disc dark red. Rays orange.

5. sicula. Outer Seeds slightly curved,
echinate on the back, crested internally at
base and summit. Middle Seeds subrotund,
broadly winged, truncate; innermost boat-
shaped, somewhat winged, rugoso-granulate on
the back. a.12-4. Cale. halls. s. Sic.

236 508. CALENDULA.

6. fulgida. ‘ Outer Seeds long, incurved
(rarely straight), crested on the back, without
a margin (or occasionally with an irregular
margin, truncate and toothed at top); inner
boat-like, with an entire scariose margin. LL.
remotely denticulate, somewhat undulate, spa-
tulate: lower stalked; upper amplexicaul.
Rays 2 or 3 times as long the phyllaries, which
are coloured at top. a. 12-4. Grassy coasts.
Sic. and Islands.”—Guss. Calab.

Tribe VIL. AMBROSTEA.
504. XANTHIUM.

1. macrocarpum. [Fruit oval-oblong.

Beaks 2, curled round, hispid at base. a.
7-9. s. Fr. It. Ist. Vienna.

2. Strumarium. Fruit oval. Beaks 2,
hooked at top. Base straight and downy. a.
7-10. Rubbish and waysides.

3. spinosum. Fruit with a single straight
beak. Tripartite Spines at base of L. a. 7, 8.
Rubbish and roadsides. s. Kur.

505. AMBROSIA.

1. maritima. Villous and hoary. L. bi-
pinnate. Lobes obtuse, occasionally with a
single tooth on each side. Fruit with 4-5
straight horns. a. 7-9. Shores. Italy.

LVII. LOBELIACEA.

Odd Segment of Calyx anterior.
mens 5, growing on the Germen.

506. LOBELIA.

1. Dortmanna. L. linear, entire, of 2
longitudinal cells. Stem nearly naked, simple.
p. 6,7. Mountain lakes in Br. Lakes and
marshes in a low country. un. G.

2. urens. Lower L. obovate, somewhat
toothed; upper lanceolate, serrate. Stem
somewhat branched. Fl. in terminal racemes.
p. 7, 8. Most. Devon. rare. w. Fr.

Corolla irregular, of 1 petal, inserted on the calyx. Sta-
Stigma surrounded by a membranous cup or fringe.

507. LAURENTIA.

1. Michelii. With a Stem. Leaf longer
than its stalk. Lateral Fil.-stalks solitary ;
terminal usually m pairs. a. 5. Moist sea-
shores. Fiumicino. Sard.

2. tenella. Nearly stemless. L. usually
shorter than its stalk. F.-stalks nearly from
root, solitary. p. 5, 6. Mozst grassy. Perdas
di Foga, La Maddalena, both in Sard.

LVIII. CAMPANULACEA.

Odd Segment of Calyx posterior.
calyx. Stamens 5, growing on the Germen.

508. JASIONE.

1. montana. Root simple, producing
many stems. LL. lineari-lanceolate, undulate.
Fl.-stalks long, naked. a. 6,7. Sandy.

Large, firm, erect.
Stems decumbent.

B. mayor.
y. lttoralis.
2. perennis. Root creeping. Stem single.
L. of Rosettes obovate. Stem-L. oblong, flat,

entire. FL.-stalks long, naked. p. 6-8.
Rocky pastures. e. Fr. w. G.

3. humilis. Plant creepimg and cespitose.
L. of Rosettes obovate. Stem-L. scattered.

Corolla generally regular, of 1 petal, inserted on the
Stigma not surrounded by a membrane.

F'l.-stalks very short.
Pyrenees.

p. 8. High pastures.

509. PHYTHUMA.

A. Umbellate.

1. comosum. I. toothed. R.-L. reniform.
Bracts numerous, exceeding Umbel. p. 6, 7.
Ligh rocks. Carn. s. Tyr. Mte. Baldo.

B. Flowers sessile. Head globose or hemi-
spherical when in flower.
i. Bracts numerous, broad, nearly equal.

2. paucifiorum. Heads 5-flowered. LL.
linear or obovato-lanceolate. Bracts roundish

CAMPANULACER. 237

ovate, shorter than head, ciliate, entire at top.

p. 7,8. Very high. Alps. Pyr.
B. globularifolium. Bracts entire at base,
toothed at top. Aust.

3. hemisphzericum. Heads 10-15-flow-
ered. IL. nearly entire, linear or lanceolato-
linear. Bracts ovate, acuminate, ciliate, entire.
p. 7,8. Very high. Alps. Cev. Pyr.

4. humile. Heads 10-15-flowered. L.
linear or lineari-lanceolate ; the upper remotely
toothed. Outer Bracts prolonged on an ovate
base ; sharply toothed and ciliate with short,
somewhat reflexed hairs, about equalling flow-
ers. p. 7,8. Very high rocks. On the
Raefel above Zermatten, and on the Mori above
Macugnana, Vall. s. Tyrol.

5. serratum. “Hairless. L. and Bracts
lanceolate, remotely serrate, not ciliate, about
equalling flowers. p. 6, 7. Mountains. Cor-
sica.”— Bert. Except in the want of hairs,
this seems closely to resemble P. humile.

6. Sieberi. Heads about 15-flowered. L.
crenate; those of barren shoots ovate or
ovato-lanceolate, on long stalks; upper sessile,
prolonged on an ovate base. Outer Bracts
ovate, acuminate, coarsely dentate. p. 7, 8.
Very high. Tyr. Carn, Apenn.

7. orbiculare. Heads many-flowered.
Root-L. stalked, cordato-lanceolate, crenate.
Bracts prolonged on a broadly ovate base,
acute. p. 6-8. Pastures.

ii. Bracts few, narrow, unequal.

8. Scheuchzeri. L. ovato-lanceolate, cre-
nato-serrate. Stem-L. lineari-lanceolate, re-
motely serrate: those of barren shoots cordate.
Outer Bracts somewhat deflexed, 14-2 im.

long. p. 7, 8. Mountains. Glaris. Vall.
Tyr. Carn.
B. Charmelii. Lu. somewhat broader. Bracts
shorter. w. Alps. Pyr.

G. Mowers sessile. Head lengthened even
in flower ; afterwards cylindrical.

9. Wiichelii. Heads oval or subrotund in
flower, afterwards cylindrical. L. remotely
erenato-serrulate. Bracts linear, not exceeding
flowers. p. 7, 8. Hzll meadows. s. of Alps.

a. betonicifolium. Root and lower L. cor-

date at base. Spike of Fl. ovoid. Alps.

B. Balbisi. Root and lower L. broadly

cordate. Spike of Fl. oblong. Val Pesco
in Pdm.

y. persicifolium. Lower L. oblongo-lanceo-
late. Carinthia.

5. scorzonerifolium. Lower L. lanceolate, on
long stalks. Vall.

e. angustissimum. Lower L. linear, on
short stalks. Pdin.

10. veronicifolium. “ Stigmas 2 or 3.
Lower L. cordato-lanceolate, simply dentato-
serrate; upper lineari-lanceolate, serrulate.
Spike cylindrical, acuminate. Bracts setaceous,
smooth. p. Prov. of Salzburg.’—DC. Not
in Koch.

ll. nigrum. Spike oblong. LL. simply
crenato-serrate : lower stalked, cordate ; upper
linear, serrulate. Bracts linear. JV. dark
violet. p.5,6. Shade. m.ands. Hur.

12. spicatum. Spike oblong. L. doubly
crenato-serrate: lower stalked, cordate ; upper
linear (ovato-lanceolate, DC.). Bracts lineari-

subulate. J%. white or yellowish. vp. 5, 6.
Shade. m.ands. Kur. Not on the Rhine.

13, Efalleri. Spike of FI. obovoideo-
oblong. L. coarsely doubly serrate: lower
stalked, ovate; upper lanceolate. Bracts li-
near, acuminate. p. 6, 7. Mountain pas-
tures. Alps. Apenn. Riesengeb.

D. Flowers in spike-like racemes.

14. limoniifolium. Branched. Root-L.
lanceolate, repando-dentate, stalked, undulate,
denticulate. Stem-L. few, passing into small,
entire, subulate bracts. Rac. long, interrupted.
p. 4,5. Sea-shore. Bari. Otranto.

15. canescens. Scabrous. Stem simple.
Lower L. ovate, attenuate, crenato-serrate ;
upper lanceolate, nearly entire. Rac. long,
sometimes branched. Bracts lineari-lanceolate.
p. 7-9. Thickets. Between Cilli and Lich-
tenwald, Lower Styria.

510. CAMPANULA.

A. Bays of Calyx with a reflexed appendage.
i. Capsule 5-celled. Stigmas 5. Sp. 1.
ii. Capsule 3-celled. Stigmas 3. :

a. Flowers solitary in forks of stem.
Sp. 2.
b. Flowers terminal. Sp. 3-7.
B. Bays of Calyx without appendage.
i. Capsule opening at base.
a. Flowers sessile. Sp. 8-13.
b. Flowers stalked, erect.

238 510. CAMPANULA.

“* Corolla rotate.

** Corolla funnel-shaped.
18.

*** Corolla campanulate.

Sp. 14-16.
Sp. 17,

Sp. 19-

c. Flowers nodding, stalked, not in
forks of stem.

* L. of Root and of barren shoots
much broader than those of stem.
Sp. 24-82.

** T,, almost all on stem. No barren
shoots. Sp. 33-38.

d. Flowers axillary and in forks. Sp. 39.

ii. Capsule opening above middle. Sp.
40-46.

A. Calyx with appendages in the Bays.
i. Capsule 5-celled. Stigmas 5.

1. Medium. Erect. Rac. lax. Root-L.
on long stalks. Cor. campanulate, hairy on
veins. b. 5,6. Hilly. s. Fr. nu. It.

ii. Capsule 3-celled. Stigmas 3.
a. Howers solitary i the forks of the stem.

2. dichotoma, Fl. stalked, in forks of
stem, or opposite L. LL. sessile, oblong. a. 4,
5. Coasts. s. It.

b. Flowers terminal.

3. Allionii. Stem mostly 1-flowered. L.
lineari-lanceolate, retrorsely ciliate: primary
L. often spatulate. Cor. campanulate, hairy.
p. 7,8. High. w. Alps.

4, sibirica. Erect. Fl. numerous, pani-
cled. Stem-L. lanceolate. Segm. of Cal.
subulate. Appendages as long as germen.
Cor. hairless at top. b.5,6. Grassy hills.
Pdm. s. e. G.

5. barbata. Rac. few-flowered. Stalks 1-
flowered, recurved. LL. oblongo-lanceolate, ob-
tuse. Stem-L. 1 or 2. Segm. of Cal. acute,
about one-fourth of corolla. Cor. densely
bearded. Appendage nearly as long as germen.
p. 7, 8. Alps.

6. speciosa. Fl. in a pyramidal raceme.
Stalks 1-flowered, recurved. Segm. of Cal.
half as long as corolla. Appendages ovato-tri-
angular, half as long as segments. L. crenato-
repand. Root-L. lneari-lanceolate. Stem-L.
linear. p.7, 8. Pyr.—DC.

7. alpina. Fl. in a pyramidal raceme.
Stalks 1-flowered, recurved. Segm. of Cal.
nearly as long as campanulate corolla. Appen-
dages very small, sometimes wanting. LL. ob-

longo-linear, woolly. p. 6, 7. High stony.
e. Alps.
B. Without appendages to calyx.
3-celled.
i. Capsule opening at the base.

Capsule

a. Capsule erect, sessile or nearly so.

8. foliosa. Fl. in a terminal head. Segm.
of Cal. very narrow and acuminate, ciliato-
denticulate. Cor. tubular, hairy within. L.
doubly serrate; the lower somewhat cordate,
acute, on long hafts. Bracts ovate, acuminate,
equalling flowers. p. 7, 8. Mountains. K.
Naples.

9. petreea. El. in clusters, crowded at
ends of branches. Segm. of Cal. oblong,
obtuse. Cor. campanulate. Style exsert. L.
grey, velvety beneath. p. 8. It. Tyr. Monte
Baldo. Les Escalles d’Hglon in Prov.

10. glomerata. Stem terete. Clusters
lateral and terminal. Bracts ovate, acuminate
(not very acute), shorter than flowers. L.
ovate or cordate; lower on winged stalks,
crenate. Segm. of Cal. subulate, somewhat
obtuse. p. 5-7. Pastures.

B. speciosa. Hornem. FI. very large.

y. niceensis. L. approximate, acute. Fl.
forming a dense spike.

5. elliptica, Kir. L. elliptic.
large.

e. cervicarioides, R. and S. Stem flexuose,
a yard high.

Bracts very

1l. Cervicaria. Hispid. Stem furrowed.
Clusters terminal and lateral. Segm. of Cal.
oblong, obtuse, equalling half funnel-shaped
flowers. Bracts ovate, acute, somewhat shorter
than flowers. L. lJanceolate, attenuate, finely
erenulate. b. 7, 8. Zhickets. m. and nu.
EHurope.

12. spicata. fF. solitary or ternate, in a
long, interrupted spike. Cor. funnel-shaped.
L. oblongo-lanceolate; lower attenuate. b.
6,7. Dry stony. Lower parts of thes. Alps.

13. thyrsoidea. Fl. in a crowded, ovoideo-
oblong spike. Segm. of Cal. ovato-lanceolate,
acuminate. Lower L. lanceolate, obtuse. p.
7, 8. Mountain pastures. Alps. Jura.

b. Capsules on erect stalks. Perennial.
* Corolla rotate. Style exsert.

14. elatinoides. Cottony. Stem simple.
Fl. in a dense raceme. Germen ovoid. Segm.

‘of Cal. lineari-subulate. Segm. of Cor. downy

CAMPANULACE. 239

externally, L. stalked, oblong, cordate at base,
acutely dentate. p. 7, 8. Stony mountains.
n. w. Lomb.

15. Elatines. Pubescent. Stems simple,
procumbent, tufted. Fl. in a lax raceme. Ger-
men spherical. Segm. of Cal. lineari-lanceo-
late. Root-L. cordate, acutely dentate, on long
stalks; upper cordate, acuminate, on short
stalks. p. 5, 6. Lssures of rocks. Pdm.
Como. Dau. Cherso.

16. garganica. Diffuse. Stem 1—2-flow-
ered, ina lax raceme. Segm. of Cal. spread-
ing, unequal. LL. unequally serrate ; lower re-
niform, on long stalks; middle long, acute,
hafted. p.5,6. Lssures of rocks. Istria.
Monte Gargano.

** Corolla funnel-shaped.

17. morettiana. Uairy. 1—2-flowered.
Segm. of Cal. lanceolate. L. simply serrate ;
lower cordate, on long stalks. p. 7, 8. Ls-
sures of rocks. s. Tyrol.

18. Raineri. Branches 1-3-flowered. Seg.
of Cal. broadly lanceolate, acuminate, erect,
remotely denticulate. Lower L. smaller, obo-
vate, nearly sessile ; upper ovate, remotely ser-
rate. p. 7,8. Mountains. Lake of Como.
Brixen.

*** Corolla campanulate.

19. fragilis. Diffuse. Corymb lax. Segm.
of Cal. lineari-lanceolate, acuminate, erect,
equalling the very open corolla. Root-L. reni-
form, dentate, on long stalks. Stem-L. ovate
and lanceolate, nearly all stalked. p.6. Marit.
rocks. K. Nap. Sic.

20. floribunda. Fl. corymbose. Segm.
of Cal. acuminate, half as long as the broadly
campanulate corolla. lL. nearly all stalked,
broadly cordate, acute, coarsely serrato-dentate.
Style exsert. Caps. ovoid. p. 8. Calcareous
rocks. Finale, Capo di Noli in w. Liguria.

21. Wenorii. Smooth, decumbent. Fl.
in a somewhat corymbose raceme. Segm. of
Cal. lineari-lanceolate, half as long as the broad,
campanulate corolla. L. coriaceous, serrate.
Root-L. somewhat cordate, on long stalks.
Stem-h. ovate, acute, stalked. Caps. spherical.
p. 6,7. Stony. K. Nap.

22. pyramidalis. Smooth, erect. Fl.
numerous, in a pyramidal raceme. Cal. Segm.
acuminate, spreading, half as long as the broad,
campanulate corolla. L. glanduloso-dentate :
lower somewhat cordate, on long stalks ; upper
ovato-lanceolate. b. 7-9. Walls and rocky
hills. adr. G. Ven.

“Root thick. Stem
ascending. Fl. terminal and axillary. Buds
erect. Segm. of Cal. acuminate, spreading,
half as long as campanulate corolla. Root-L.
small, reniform, dentate, on long stalks ; upper
sessile, linear, acuminate. p. Rocks. Mont
Cousson in Proy. Nice. Has altogether the
appearance of C. rotundifolia, but is distin-
guished by the erect Capsule, reflezed Segm.
of Cal., and thick Root.” —DC.

23. macrorhiza.

ce. Flower-stalhs recurved.

* Root-L. and L. of barren shoots much
broader than those of Stem.

24. rotundifolia. Segm. of Cal. subulate,
erect, reaching to one-third of ovate or subtur-
binato-campanulaie corolla. Fl. panicled. Root-
L. reniform or cordate, dentate, on long stalks.
Stem-L. lear or lanceolate, entire. p. 6—9.
Heaths, thickets, and dry pastures. Varies in
in being smooth, or more or less havry, or even
velvety.

25. pusilla. Segm. of Cal. subulate, erect.
Cor. hemispherico-campanulate. Root-L. re-
niform or cordate, serrate, on long stalks.
Lower stem-L. elliptic. Rac. few-(3—6)-flow-
ered. p. 6-8. Locks and gravel of torrents.
Alps.

B. pubescens.

short hairs.

26. Scheuchzeri. Segm. of Cal. subu-
late, erect. Stem 1—6-flowered. Root-L. ovate
or cordate, on long stalks. Stem IL. lineari-
lanceolate ; upper quite entire. p. 7,8. Moun-
tain pastures. Alps, &e. When smooth, it is
also ©. linifolia of DC. ; when hairy, C. Val-
densis of Ald. (C. uniflora of Vil.)

Covered everywhere with

27. memorosa. “Stem simple, erect, rod-
like. Root-L. on long stalks, cordate, ovato-
oblong, remotely crenate. Stem-L. sessile,
lanceolate, repando-sinuate. Rac. lax. Segm.
of Cal. subulate, half as long as funnel-shaped
corolla. p. Woods. Aust. and Mor.” Re-
sembles C. rhomboidalis B-”—DC.: not zz
Koch.

28. carnica. Stem weak, few-flowered.
Segm. of Cal. lneari-setaceous, reflexed, equal-
ling corolla. Root-L. cordate, dentate, on long
stalks; uppermost linear, very narrow. op.
6, 7. Mountain rocks. Carn. Carinthia.

29. czespitosa. Segm. of Cal. subulate.
Cor. somewhat contracted below the divisions.
Stalks 1-3-flowered. Root and lower L. obo-
vate, on a haft, hardly as long as L. Upper-

240 510. CAMPANULA.

most L. linear, entire. p.7, 8. Calcareous

rocks. s. e. G.

30. trichocalycina. Segm. of Cal. seta-
ceous, reflexed. Rac. secund, nearly equalling
funnel-shaped corolla. Root-L. on stalks
shorter than L.,small, roundish ; others oblong,
unequally serrate. p.7. Cal. Madonie.

dl. pulla. Segm. of Cal.subulate. Stem
1-flowered. LL. elliptic, three times as long as
stalk: lower obtuse; upper acute. p.7, 8.
Mountain pastures. s. e. G.

32. excisa. Segm. of Cal. subulate. Stem
1—8-flowered. L. linear, entire; lower some-
what cuneate, subdenticulate, attenuate imto
short stalks. Cor. ventricoso-campanulate. Seg.
narrowed at base and separated by a rounded
sinus. p. 7,8. Very igh rocks. Pennine Alps.

** L. nearly all on Stem. No barren shoots.

33. rhomboidalis. Simple, erect. Fl.
in a Jax secund raceme. Segm. of Cal. subu-
late, erect, equalling campanulate corolla. L.
sessile, ovate, acute, serrate; lowest on short

stalks. p.6. Mountains.
B. lanceolata. L. crowded, lanceolate, nearly
entire.

34. Alpini. Erect. Pan. pyramidal. Segm.
of Cal. lanceolate, somewhat spreading, equal-
ling one-fourth of campanulate corolla. L. ob-
longo-lanceolate, acuminate, sharply and some-
what unequally serrate. Style exsert. p. 6, 7.
e. G, Venetian Alps. rare.

35. latifolia. Stem nearly round. Fi.
axillary, solitary. Segm. of Cal. erect, ovato-
lanceolate. Cor. campanulate. Root-L. ovate
or cordate, on short stalks, coarsely doubly
serrate. p. 7, 8. Moist shade. un. and m.

Kurope.

36. bononiensis. Rough. Stem erect,
round. Fl. small, in a long raceme. Segm.
of Cal. acuminate. Cor. funnel-shaped. L.
crenato-serrate, hoary beneath; lower cordate,
on long stalks. p.7, 8. Dry meadows and
borders. e. G.s. Tyr. n. It.

37. rapunculoides. Root creeping. Stem
bluntly angular. - F). ina terminal, secund ra-
ceme. Segm. of Cal. of Fr. reflexed. Lower L.
cordate, acuminate, on long stalks; upper lan-
ceolate. p.7, 8. Fields and thickets. . m.
Europe.

38. Trachelium. Stem sharply angular.
Stalks axillary, 1-3-flowered. Segm. of Cal.
erect. Cor. campanulate. Lower L. cordate, on

long stalks, doubly serrate ; upper oblong, ses-
sile. p. 7,8. Woods and thickets.

d. Flowers in forks of dichotomous stem !

39. Erinus. Fl. nearly sessile. Lower L.
obovato-oblong, attenuate into short hafts.
Floral L. opposite. a. 6. Dry stony. Coasts
of Mat.

ii. Capsule opening at or above the middle.

40. Zeorei. Erect, branched. Cor. nearly
rotate. Segm. of Cal. very acuminate, den-
ticulate at base, as long as corolla. Fl. termi-
nal, solitary, on long stalks. Caps. deeply
furrowed, strigose. Lower L. spatulate ; upper
lanceolate, acute. a. 5,6. Monte Baldo.

4]. persicifolia. Stem erect, nearly sim-
ple. Cor. broad, campanulate. Segm. of Cal.
lanceolate. Rac. few-flowered. Root-L. ob-
longo-obovate, attenuate into haft. Stem-L.
Imeari-lanceolate, sessile. p. 6, 7. Woody
hills. m. ands. Kur.

42. cenisia. Stems many, 1-flowered. L.
obovate, entire, ciliate at base, otherwise hair-
less. Cal. hispid. Segm. lanceolate, parabolic,
6- or 5-partite, smooth. p.7,8. Very high.
Pennine Alps.

43. Zoysii. Tufted. Stem erect, few-
flowered. Cor. oblong, campanulate. Segm.
densely bearded. Segm. of Cal. subulate. L.
quite entire: lowest ovate, on stalks as long
as themselves ; middle spatulate; upper line-
ari-oblong. p. 7,8. High rocks. Carinthia.
Styria.

44, pyrenaica. Stem erect, 1-flowered.
Cor. funnel-shaped. Segm. of Cal. subulate,
spreading, entire, somewhat shorter than co-
rolla. Root-L. subrotund, on short stalks.
Stem-L. lanceolate. Pyr.

45. patula. Pan. spreading. Fl. erect.
Segm. of Cal. subulate, equalling half funnel-
shaped corolla. Root-L. obovate, crenate.
Stem-L. lineari-lanceolate, sessile. wb. 5-7.
Moist borders. wv. and s. Hur. Eng. on red
marl.

46. Rapunculus. Pan. racemose. Seg.
of Cal. subulate, somewhat shorter than fun-
nel-shaped corolla, Root-L. oblongo-obovate,
attenuate. Stem-L. lineari-lanceolate. b. 5-8.
Dry meadows, thickets, Se. wa. and s. Kur.

511. WAHLENBERGIA.

1. nutabunda. Stem erect or ascending.
L. lanceolate, acute, sharply toothed. Fl. pani-

CAMPANULACEA, 241

cled, on long stalks. Cal, 5-partite. a. 3, 4.

Dry hills, Cal. Sard.

2. hederacea. Stems filiform, prostrate.
L. palmately 5-lobed. FI. solitary. p. 7, 8.
Boggy. uv. and m, Eur.

512. EDRAIANTHUS.

f
1. tenuifolius. L. linear, setoso-ciliate.
Bracts ovate, lineari-acuminate on an ovate
base, setoso-ciliate. . Stem hairy.
Stony. Trieste. Fiume.

2. ESitaibelii. L. narrow lanceolate, ci-
hate with soft hairs. Bracts ovate, with 1 or 2
teeth on each side, ciliate with soft hairs. Stem
downy. p. 7%. Stony mountains, Schneeberg
in Karstgebirge.

518. ADENOPHORA.,

1. suaveolens. ‘Stem erect. L. ob-
long ; lower somewhat stalked. Panicle effuse.
Cal. glanduloso-subserrate. Style exsert. p.
7, 8. Woods and thickets. Boh, Sil. rare.”
—Kocu, Ven. Alps.

Dieieonl

514, SPECULARIA.

1. faleata. I'l. solitary. Segm. of Cal.
linear, recurved, twice as long as corolla, and
nearly as long as germen, which is not con-
tracted below the flower. a.5. elds and
banks. Prov. adr. G. I.

2. Speculum. [l. solitary and in threes.
Segments of Cal. lineari-lanceolate, straight,
spreading, about as long as corolla, half as long
as germen, which is contracted below the flower.
a.6,7. Melds. m. ands. Hur.

B. lirta. Grey, pubescent. It.

3. hybrida. FI. solitary, approximate.
Segm. of Cal. ovato-lanceolate, twice as long
as very short corolla, and about one-third of
germen, which is contracted below the flower.
a. 6,7. Fields.

515. TRACHELIUM.

1. czeruleum. L. ovate, acute, coarsely
serrate, on short stalks. Caps. 3-celled. p.
5,6. Rocks and walls. s. lt,

LIX. VACCINIEA.

Calyx superior. Corolla monopetalous, 4—5-lobed. Stamens 8-10, in front of an epigynous
dise, and not attached to the corolla. Anthers 2-celled, opening by pores.

516. VACCINIUM.
A. Flowers in drooping racemes.

1. Vitis-idzea. Evergreen. Anthers un-
armed. Style exsert. L. obovate, revolute,
minutely dentate, dotted beneath. Cor. cam-
panulate. w. 6. Mountain woods and heaths.
n. Hurope.

B. Flowers solitary or in pairs. Anthers with
two awns.

2. intermedium. LHvergreen. Young
Branches angular. IL. oval, serrate, on short
stalks. Stalks 1-flowered, solitary or in pairs,
somewhat racemose. Style included. s.&. 5, 6.
Moist pine-wood near Berlin.

3. uliginosum. Deciduous. Branches
brown, round. L. obovate, entire, smooth.
(Stalks several together, 1-flowered, Su.) Cor,
urceolate. s.S. 5,6. Hill bogs.

4, Myrtillus. Branched, green, angular,
L. ovate, serrate, quite smooth, deciduous.
Stalks solitary, 1-flowered. Cor. ovate. w. 5.
Woods and heaths.

517. OXYCOCCUS.

1. palustris, Creeping. Branches fili-
form. J. oval, quite entire, white beneath.
Margin revolute. F.-stalks long, terminal,
w. 6-8. Wet bogs.

LX. HRICACEA,

Calyx inferior. Corolla of 1 petal, 4—5-cleft. Stamens 8-10, on an hypogynous dise, and not at-
tached to the corolla. Anthers 2-celled, opening by pores, and sometimes awned. L. without stipules.

518. ARBUTUS.
1. Unedo. Bark rugged. L, oblongo-lan-

ceolate, obtusely serrate, hairless, shining. Pan.
nodding, Fr. warty, globose. s.T. 4, 5,
Rocky. Ut, w. France. Ireland. Carn, Istr,

242 519. ARCTOSTAPHYLOS.

519, ARCTOSTAPHYLOS.

1. alpina. Procumbent. lL. deciduous,
obovate, acutely serrate. Rac. terminal. Bracts
ovate, broad, ciate. s.S. 5-7. Dry stony
mountaims. Alps.

2. Uva-Ursi. Procumbent. L. coriaceous,
persistent, obovate, quite entire. Rac. termi-
nal. Bracts obtuse, very small. s.S. 5, 6.
Rocks and stony heaths. wm. and n. Kur.

520. ANDROMEDA.

1. polifolia. Rac. terminal. L. alternate,
lineari-lanceolate, revolute, glaucous beneath.
w. 6,7. Bogs. m. and n. Hur.

521. CASSANDRA.

1. calyculata. L. ovato-oblong, flat, scaly
on both sides. Segm. of Cal. hardly acute.
s.S. 4,5. Bogs. Greifswald in Pom.

522. CALLUNA.

1. vulgaris. L. opposite, tiled in 4 rows.
Bracts 6, close to calyx: the 4 outer leafy.
s.S.8. Heaths, Yc. u. and m. Hur.

528. ERICA.

A. Anthers confluent with top of Filaments.
No Appendage.

1. occidentalis. Stigma minute. An-
thers nearly included. Cor. urceolate. Bracts
smooth, remote. A broad, blunt midrib under
some of L. s.S. 4, 5. w. Ir. w. Fr. #. medi-
terranea, LINN.

2. carnea. Stigma minute. Anthers pro-
truded. Cor. urceolato-campanulate. Bracts
small, remote. L. with a narrow, acute mid-
rib underneath. s.S. 4,5. Mountains. Sw.
and n. It. to Sil.

B. herbacea.
calyx, 9-10.

Fl. included in the green

B. Anthers placed laterally on top of Fila-
ments.
i. Anthers without any Appendage.

8. ciliaris. Cor. ovoid. Border small.
Mouth oblique. Sepals awned. Fl. in ra-
cemes. Branches glanduloso-hispid. L. in
threes, elliptic. s.S. Heaths. w. Hur.

4, multiflora. Anthers oblong, cloven.
Cor. ovoid. Border smooth. Mouth direct.
Sepals lanceolate, obtuse, quite entire. Fl. in

racemes. L. in fours or fives, linear. s.S.
9,10. Calcareous rocks. rodt. Fr. It.

5. vagans. Lobes of Anthers separate to
base. Cor. ovoideo-campanulate. Border small.
Mouth direct. Sep. ovate, finely ciliate, ser-
rate. Fl. in racemes. IL. in fours or fives,
linear, s.iS. 4-9 in different places. Heaths
and thickets. Cornwall. s. Fr. adr. G. It.

6. scoparia. Border of globose Cor. nearly
as long as tube. Sep. united at base. LL. in

threes, linear. S.5, 6. s. andw. Hur. Bar
le Due.
7. sicula. Fl. in terminal umbels. Cor.

urceolato-campanulate, hairy externally. Stig-
ma small, capitate. L. im fours, thick. /V.
and Fr. sometimes with 5 Div. and 10 Sta-
mens. $..4,5. Rocks. Trapani.

ii. Anthers with Appendage at base.

8. Tetralix. Fl. in terminal umbels. Cor.
urceolato-ovoid. Sep. ovato-lanceolate, downy.
Stigma capitate. Germen downy. 1. in threes
or fours, ciliato-hispid, with rounded margin.
s.S. 7-9. Peaty. un. and w. Hur.

B. Mackait. More branched.

Germen quite hairless.

9. stricta. Il. in umbels. Sep. lanceo-
late, obtuse. Cor. oblongo-ovate. Germen
hirsute. L. in fours, oblong, obtuse, fleshy,
hairless. s.S. 5, 6, Woody mountains. Cors.
Sard. K. Nap.

10. cimerea. Stigma capitate. Anthers
awned, included. Cor. ovoid. Sep. lineari-
lanceolate, acute. Fl. in a somewhat whorled
raceme. LL. in threes, linear, hairless, convex,
with a furrow beneath. s.S. 6-8. Heaths.
Br. Fr. Only in one place wm G.

Sep. aad

11. polytrichifolia. Stigma peltate. An-
thers with a hispid awn at base. Cor. cylin-
drico-tubinate, about 4 times as long as ovate
sepals. Fl. in racemes. IL. in threes, linear,

obtuse. §.5. Heaths. w. Fr.
12. arborea. Stigma peltate. Anthers
with a serrato-ciliate crest at base. Cor. cam-

panulato-turbinate, about three times as long
as ovate sepals. Fl. in racemes. L. in threes,
linear. S. 4-6. TZhichets. adr. G. It.

524. PHYLLODOCE.

1. czerulea. Fil. smooth, 3 times as long
as anthers. Div. of Cal. lanceolate, acuminate.
Stalks with glandular hairs. s.S. 6, 7.
Heaths. Scotl. Bagnéres de Luchon.

ERICACE/. 243

525. DABHOCIA.

1. polifolia. LL. elliptic. Fl. in racemes.
s.S. 6,7. Peaty. Irel. Anjou cx one spot.
w. Pyrenees.

526. AZALHA.

1. procumbens. Procumbent, much
branched. L. opposite, persistent, on short
stalks. Fl.-stalks solitary, terminal. s.S.
7,8. High. Sc. Alps. Pyr.

527. OU ODENDRON.

A.. Flowers in umbels. Corolla funnel-shaped.
Stamens bent down.

1. ferrugineum. Cal. short. Segments
broadly ovate. L. covered beneath with scale-
like glands, at last ferruginous. s.S. 7, 8.
Granitic rocks and pastures. Alps, common.
Jura and Pyr. rare.

2. intermedium. Segm. of Cal. oblongo-
lanceolate. L. closely covered beneath with
separate glandular dots, at length ferruginous,
remotely ciliate. s.S. 7, 8.—Kocu, who gives
no place.

3. hirsutum. Segm. of Cal. oblongo-lan-
ceolate. LL. elliptic, with stiff cilia, otherwise
hairless, with scattered dots beneath. s.S.
7, 8. Cale. mountains. Alps.

B. Corolla rotate. Stamens spreading.

4, Chameecistus. Segm. of Cal. lanceo-
late, acuminate; of Cor. calloso-mucronate.
Caps. globose. L. elliptico-lanceolate, without
glands beneath. s.S. 6,7. Calc. rocks. e. Alps.

528. LEDUM.

1. palustre. Stamens 10, exceeding co-
rolla. L. linear. Margin revolute. s.S.
7,8. Boggy. Als. n. e. G.

LXY. PYROLACEA.

No hypogynons Disc. Seeds much smaller than the globose Avil in which they are included.

529. PYROLA.

A.. Flowers in racemes.

1. rotundifolia. Stamens curved upwards.
Style bent down, twice as long as stamens.
Seem. of Cal. lanceolate, acute, recurved at top,
half as long as corolla. p. 6, 7. Moist sandy
or rocky woods. vu. Kur.

2. chlorantha. Stamens curved upwards.
Style bent down, twice as long as stamens.
Segm. of Cal. short, obtuse, adpressed, one-
fourth as long as corolla. p. 6,7. Woods.
Dau. Sw. G. oce.

3. media. Stamens incurved. Style bent
down, twice as long as stamens. Segm. of Cal.
ovato-lanceolate, acute. p.6,7. Woods and
heaths. wu. Hux. oce.

4. minor. Stamens incurved. Style straight,
equalling stamens. Segm. of Cal. short, some-

what acute.
n. Kur.

p. 6,7. Woods and thickets.

5. secunda. Rac. secund. Segm. of Cal.
short, somewhat obtuse. Style prominent. p.
6,7. Mountain thickets. un. Kur.

B. Mowers solitary.

6. uniflora. Stalk terminal, 1-flowered,
longer than stem. p. 6,7. High and cold
woods, rare.

C. Mowers in umbels.

7. umbellata. L. somewhat cuneato-lan-
ceolate, one-coloured. Bracts lineari-subulate.
Fil. smooth. p. 6,7. Woods. G. rare.

530.. MONOTROPA.

1. Eypopitys. Rac. many-flowered. Pet.
denticulate. p. 7, 8. Woods.

B. multiflora. Pet. and Stamens hairy.

COROLLIFLOR A.

Plants furnished with an inferior Calyx, and a monopetalous, staminiferous Corolla.

LXII. EBENACEA.

Corolla 8—7-lobed, inserted on the calyx.
sion of Corolla.
alternate L. and no Stipules.

531. DIOSPYRUS.

1. Lotus. LL. ovato-oblong, acuminate, of

a different colour beneath, marked with some-
what callous spots. Buds woolly within. 'T.
7, 8. Warm hills. Canton of Tessino. Rome,
hardly wild. i

<

Stamens usually 2, unequal, opposed to each Divi-
Fruit of many 1- or 2-seeded cells.

Trees or Shrubs, with simple, undivided,

532. STYRAX.

1. officinalis. LL. ovate, villous beneath.
Rac. simple, shorter than L. S. 4, 5. Woods.
Proy. Nice. Tivoli. Frascati.

LXIT. JASMINE.

Corolla 4—8-lobed, or none. Stamens 2. Germen superior, of 2 cells, each with 2 pendulous

seeds.
533. OLEA.

1. europzea. L. lanceolate, quite entire,
2-coloured. Rac. axillary, compound. 'T’. 5, 6.
Rocky. It. Escapes. The naturalized plant
has a rounder Fr. and is sometimes spinescent.

534. PHILLYREA.

L. lineari-lanceolate,
Drupe apiculate. S&.

1. angustifolia.
nearly entire, acute.

38-5. Rocky thickets. It. Prov.
2. media. L. ovato-lanceolate or oblong,
mucronulate. Drupe apiculate. Serratures

various. &. 4,5. Thickets. s. Fr. It. Istria.

3. latifolia. Lower L. cordato-ovate, spi-
nuloso-serrwate; upper oblong. Pedicels longer
than flowers. Drupe obtuse, umbilicate. &.
4,5. Thickets. s. Fr. It.

4. stricta. All L. flat, elliptic; the upper
slightly and obtusely serrate. Interior Branches
rod-like. Rac. dense, drooping; the Stalks
shorter than flowers. Drupe obtuse, umbili-
cate. &.3. Woody hills. Vt.—Burt.

535. LIGUSTRUM.

1. vulgare. L. elliptico-lanceolate. Pan.
terminal, crowded. &. 5, 6. Hedges and
thickets : common.

Trees or Shrubs, generally with opposite L.

536. JASMINUM.

l. officinale. L. opposite, pimnate. Lis.
acuminate. Div. of Cal. lineari-filiform. Climb-
ing S. 7, 8. Hscapes. On walls and in vine-
yards. s. Fr. s. G.

2. fruticans. LL. alternate, ternate, or
simple. Lts. somewhat cuneate, obtuse. Div.
of Cal. linear, acute. Weak &§. 5-7. Cale.
rocks. Prov. Nice. s. Tyrol.

3. humile. I. alternate simple, ternate,
or pinnate. Lts. ovato-oblong, somewhat acute.
Div. of Cal. very short. s.S.5, 6. Grasse
in Prov.

537. SYRINGA.

1. vulgaris.
4,5. Escapes.
Germany.

538. FONTANHESIA.

1. phyllyrecides. L. nearly opposite, lan-
ceolate or obovate. Rac. compound, axillary,
nodding. Stamens 2-4. Styles 1-4. s."P. 5.
Cale. hills between Syracuse and Avola, Sic.

L. cordate, acuminate. S.
Fr. Woods near Ktampes.

539. FRAXINUS.
A. Howers with Calyx and deeply 4-partite
Petals.

1. Ornus. is. elliptical or lanceolate,

JASMINE A, 245

stalked, cuspidate, obtusely denticulate. Fl. |

panicled. s.@.5. Woods. Als. Prov. s. G.
Italy.
B. Mowers naked.
9, parvifolia. Lts. sessile, 8-7 pair, sub-

rotundo-ovate or oblong, attenuate, quite en-

tire at the base, sharply serrulate at top, mu-
cronate. s.T. Sic. Il Pizzo, Cal.

3. excelsior. Ls. sessile, lanceolate, ser-
rate. LT. 4,5. Woods and hedges : common.

B. heterophylla. Many of the L. simple.

LXIV. APOCYNEA.

Fruit of 2 follicles, each of 1 cell, bursting on the inside.

margin of follicle.

540. NERIUM.

1. Oleander. L. in threes, lanceolate:
veins parallel. Div. of Cal. spreading. Teeth
of Crown trifid. S&S. 7-9. Beds of torrents
near the sea. Nice. Prov. Monte Argentario.
Sic. Sard. Cors.

541. VINCA.

1. major. Procumbent, creeping. L. ovate
or semicordate, ciliate. Stalks solitary, 1-
flowered. Div. of Cal. long, bristle-shaped,
ciliate. p.5. Woody hills. s. and w. Fr.

2. acutifiora. Decumbent or ascending.
L. ovate, attenuate at each end, hairless. Segm.
of Cal. linear, narrow, hairless; (of Cor. ob-
liquely ovato-acuminate, Brrr.) p. 3,4. Hills.
Sarzana. Rome. Sard.

3. minor. Procumbent, creeping. L.. el-
liptico-lanceolate, not ciliate. Stalks 1 flow-
ered, solitary, axillary. Segm. of Cal. lanceo-
late, hairless. p.5. Bushy, and woods.

4. herbacea. Stems many, procumbent,
not rooting. Lower L. ovate; upper lanceo-
late. Div. of Cal. ciliate. Young L. rough
on margin. p. 4,5. Open hills. Bisamberg
near Vienna,

542. APOCYNUM.

1. venetum. Stem spreading. L. oblongo-
lanceolate, obtuse, mucronate, rough on edge.
Fl. mm a panicle. Cor. downy. wp. 6-8.
Shore. Ven. Trieste.

543. CYNANCHUM.,
A. Crown with 5 interior appendages.

1. monspeliacum. Stem twisting, herba-
ceous. L. reniformi-cordate, acute, smooth,

Seeds imbricate, pendulous on

Styles 2, at base uniting in a common Stigma.

all broader than long. Div. of Cor. lanceo-
late. Stalk aslongas L. p. Coasts. mdt.
Fr. Rochelle.

2. acutum. Twisting. L. deeply cordate,
acuminate; the lower longer than broad.
Div. of Cor. oblongo-lanceolate. Stalk shorter
than L. p. 6-9. Shores. Nice. Ven. Cal.
Sic.— Brrr.

These two species do not seem to me well
described. The specimens I have from Mont-
pellier have a triangular outline to the L., with
a deep narrow sinus at the base, and some-
times a small point, but no proper acumen.
Those from Sicily have a L. with a rounded
outline, a much broader sinus at the base, and
a large acumen.

B. Crown without appendages.

3. Vimcetoxicum. Erect. Middle L.
cordate, largely acuminate, ciliate. Cor. beard-
less. Segm. ovate. Lobes of Crown 5, not
touching, but connected by a pellucid mem-
brane. p. 7, 8. Rocky hills. Fr. G. It.

4. laxum. Stem nearly erect. Middle L.
oblongo-lanceolate, on a cordate base, acu-
minate, ciliate? Cor. beardless. Segments
oblong, with reflexed margin. Lobes of the
Crown 5, not touching, but connected by a

pellucid membrane. p. 7, 8. Warm. Carn.
—KocH.
5. contiguum. Stem erect. Middle L.

cordate, acuminate, ciliate. Cor. beardless.
Lobes of the Crown 5, close together, pot
connected by a membrane. p. 5-7. Meadows.
Trieste. Istr.—Kocu.

6. nigrum. Stem twisting at top. -L.
ovate, acute, bearded at base. Rac. terminal.
Cor. bearded.. Crown acutely 10-cleft. FI.
dark purple. wp. 5-9. Barren hills. mat.
Fr. Nice.

246 544. PERIPLOCA.

544. PERIPLOCA.

1. grzeca. Twisting. L. ovate or oblong,
acuminate. Corymbs axillary, on long stalks.
Cor. villous within. Anthers obtuse. s.S.
6, 7. Woods. Pisa. Otranto.

545. GOMPHOCARPUS.

1. fruticosus. L. opposite, lineari-lanceo-
late, smooth. L. and Fl.-stalks downy. Um-
bels on short stalks, nodding. s.S. 6, 7.
Cors. and Sard.

546. ASCLEPIAS.

1. Cornuti. Stem simple. L. oval, flat,
tomentose beneath. Stalks of the head or
umbel extra-axillary. Follicles ovate, covered
with soft spines. p. 6-8. Escapes. Romain-
ville. Malesherbes.

547. STAPHLIA.

1. europzea. Stems short, square, smooth.
Fl. fasciculate. Fil. quite simple, with 2
glands. s.S. 7-11. Lopadusa.

LXV. GENTIANEA.

Corol 1 aregular, 4—8-cleft, inferior, marcescent. Aistivation convolute. Ovary of 2 carpels,

the edges meeting or slightly inflexed.
548. MENYANTHES.

1. trifoliata. L. ternate, quite smooth, on
long stalks. p. 4,5. Wet peaty.

549. VILLARSIA.

1. nymphezeoides. L. cordato-sobrotund,
punctato-glandulose beneath, floating. Um-
bels axillary, sessile. Cor. fringed. p. 7.
Still water.

550. CHLORA.

1. perfoliata. L. triangulari-ovate, united
at the base in their whole width. Cal. divided
to base. Div. linear, acute. Div. of Cor.
obtuse. a. 7, 8. Dry pastures. (Movst
meadows, KOCH.)

2. serotina. L. cordato-elliptic, slightly
connate. Cal. divided to base. Div. linear,
acuminate or lanceolato-subulate. Div. of
Cor. somewhat acute. a. 8-10. Peaty mea-
dows, Rheinthal. Sandy, Nap.

B. acuminata. Div. of Cor. acuminate.

3. sessilifolia. L. ovato-lanceolate, slight-

ly connate. Cal. divided about half way.
Div. lanceolate. a. 6. Shore. Rochelle.
mdt. Fr.
551. SWERTIA.
1. perennis. Cor. 5-partite. Stalks 4-

edged, somewhat winged. Stem simple. Root-
L. oval, (elliptic, Kocu). p..7, 8. Peaty
mountain meadows. Alps. Pyr. Vosges. Riesen-
gebirge.

552. LOMATOGONIUM.

1. carinthiacum. Mouth of Cor. bearded.
Div. of Cal. lanceolate. L. ovate, acute. Root-
L. obovate, obtuse. Fl.-stalks long, naked. a.
8-10. Stony, and beds of torrents. Salzb.
Carin. s. Tyrol.

553. GENTIANA.

A. Tube of Corolla short, or greatly en-
larged at the mouth.

i. Flowers in whorls or heads.
a. Corolla without accessory plaits. Sp.

b. Corolla with accessory plaits.
* Calyx a sheath, divided on one

side. Sp. 6-8.
** Calyx campanulate. Teeth nearly
equal. Sp. 9-11.

ii. Flowers solitary or m pairs. Sp. 12—

B. Tube of Corolla cylindrical or somewhat
barreled.

i. Perennial. Stems simple, 1-flowered,
with barren shoots. Sp. 18-24.

ii. Stems branched; no barren shoots.
Sp. 25-27.

G. Throat of Corolla bearded !
i. Calyx tubular, with 4-5 Teeth. Sp. 28-
Bile

ii. Calyx 4-5-partite. Sp. 32, 33.
D. Throat naked. Segments fringed! Sp. 34.

GENTIANE A, 247

A. Tube of Corolla very short or greatly
enlarged at the mouth. Throat naked.
Segments not fringed.

i. Mowers in whorls or heads.
a. Corolla without accessory plaits.

1. lutea. Cal. a sheath deeply divided on
one side. Cor. rotate, 5-partite. Div. lan-
ceolate, acuminate, yellow. p. 7, 8. Moun-
tain meadows. m. ands. Eur.

The four following are supposed to be
hybrids between this and other species.

2. Thomasii. Cal. a sheath deeply divided
on one side. Cor. rotate, 5-partite, purple,
somewhat spotted. Div. shortly acute. An-
thers free. p. 7, 8. High mountain pas-
tures. Bex. Glacier of Rhone.

3. biloba. Cal. with 2 equal lobes. Cor.
campanulate, 6-cleft. Anthers free. p. Moun-
tains of Seyne in Prov.

4. Charpentieri. Cal. with 2 short acu-
minate teeth. Cor. campanulate, 5-cleft, wth
red spots. There are sometimes 2 or 3
smaller additional Teeth to the Calyx. p. 7,
8. Mountain valleys. Upper Engadin.

5. gaudiniana. Cal. campanulate, with
2 or three teeth on one side and none on the
other. Cor. campanulate, 6-cleft. Anthers
united. p. 7,8. Mountains above Bex.

b. Corolla with accessory plarts.
* Calyx a Sheath deeply divided on one side.

6. Burseri. Cor. campanulate, 6-cleft.
Anthers separate (without a mucro, BERT.).
L. ovato-lanceolate, obtuse. Cor. yellow, usu-
ally with dark spots. p. 6. e. and central Pyr.

7. purpurea. Cor. campanulate, 6-cleft.
Segm. ovate, about one-third as long as tube.
Anthers closely connected. #7. purple exter-
nally, yellowish within, with rows of green
dots. p. 7, 8. Mountains. s. Sw. n. Apenn.

8. macrophylla. “ Cal. obtuse, entire,
or somewhat erose at top. Cor. campanulate,
6-cleft. Segm. eroso-crenate. Anthers mu-
cronate, at last detached. Lower L. elliptico-
oblong, acute, 7-nerved; upper oblongo-lan-
ceolate, acuminate. p. 8. Stony woods. Val-
deria, Pdm.’”’—Brrr.

** Calyx campanulate, with nearly equal
teeth.

9. pannonica. Teeth of Cal. lanceolate,

recurved. Cor. campanulate, 6—7-cleft. Div.

somewhat blunt, one-third of tube. L. sessile,

nerved. I. purple, spotted. Tube pale yel-
low. p.8,9. High grass. e. Alps.

10. punctata. Cor. campanulate, 6-fid.
Diy. oblong, one-fourth of tube. Teeth of
Cal. lanceolate, erect. Lower L. stalked, el-
liptical. I. pale yellow. (‘The 'Veeth of Cal.
are shorter, and the Cor. is less deeply divided,
than in Sp. 9, Bert.) p. 7, 8. High grassy.
Alps. Pyr.

B. campanulata. Cor. without dots.

ll. eruciata. Cor. tubuloso-campanulate,
4-cleft. L. decussate, oblongo-lanceolate, 3-
nerved, sheathing at base. Lower Sheaths
long, dilated upwards. p. 7-9. Dry pas-
tures. mm. ands. Hur.

ii. Flowers solitary or in pairs. Corolla with
accessory plaits.

12. asclepiadea. Cor. turbinato-campa-
nulate, 5-cleft. L. largely acuminate, on an
ovate base, 5-nerved, sessile. Fl. numerous,
opposite and terminal. IV. nearly sessile,
blue internally, with dark dots. p. 8, 9.
Grassy thickets. Alps. Vosges. Apenn.

13. Pneumonanthe. Cor. clavato-cam-
panulate, 5-cleft. L. lanceolate or linear, ob-
tuse; the lower very small, and like scales.
Sheaths very short. Anthers united. Stigmas
long linear. LV. deep blue within, with 5 green
dotted stripes. p.{%-9. Peaty meadows.

14. Froelichii. Stem 1-flowered. Cor.
clavato-campanulate. L. lanceolato-linear ;
lower crowded. Sheaths membranous, broader
upwards. Anthers united. Stigmas oblong.
Style half as long as germen. V. pale blue,
unspotted. yp. 8,9. Very high. Carn.

15. frigida. Fl. 1 or 2. Cor. clavato-
campanulate. L. lanceolato - linear ; lower
crowded. Sheaths membranous, broader up-
wards. Anthers separate. Style short (not
one-fourth of germen). Stigma oblong. Cor.
whitish, with blue stripes and scattered dots.
p. 7,8. Very high granitic. Alps of Seckau
in Styria.

16. acaulis. Stem 1-flowered. Cor. cla-
vato-campanulate. Teeth of Cal. attenuato-
lanceolate, from a broad base, pressed on the
tube of corolla. Root-L. in rosettes, elliptic.
Anthers united. p. 7, 8. Somewhat high mea-
dows and pastures. Pyr. Alps. Apenn.

17. excisa. Stem 1-flowered. Cor. cla-
vato-campanulate. Teeth of Cal. ovato-lan-
ceolate, somewhat narrowed at base, spreading.

248 553. GENTIANA.

Root-L. in rosettes, oval or elliptic. Anthers
united. p. 7, 8. High granitic meadows.
Sw. G.

B. alpina, Vitu. Smaller in all its parts.

B. Tube of Corolla cylindrical, or somewhat
barreled. Throat naked. Segments not
Sringed.

i. Perennial. Stems numerous, simple, 1-flow-
ered. Barren shoots prepared for fol-
lowing year.

18. bavarica. L. obovate, very blunt, at-
tenuate; the lower crowded. Style deeply
cloven. p. 7, 8. High most. Alps. Jura.
Pyr. Apenn.

19. brachyphylia. L. subrotundo-ovate,
acute, attenuate, somewhat fleshy. Root-L. in
rosettes. Style undivided. p. 7, 8. Very
high granitic. s.e. Alps.

L. elliptic, acute. Root-L. in
rosettes. Style undivided. Angles of Cal.
evenly winged. J. bright blue. p. 5, 6.
High. Alps. Jura. Pyren. Apenn. Teesdale.
Galway.

21. estiva. L. elliptico-lanceolate. Root-
L. in rosettes. Style undivided. Wings of Cal.
broadest in the middle. yp. 6,7. e. Alps.
Fil. twice as long as im G. verna, of which it
is probably a variety.

20. verna.

22. imbricata. L. lanceolato-elliptic, at-
tenuate, rough on margin: all imbricate. Fl.
funnel-shaped. Style undivided. p. 7,8. Very
high. Tyrol. Carn.

23. pumila. L. linear, hardly narrower at
base; lower crowded. Cor. funnel-shaped, some-
what crenate. Style undivided. p. 7, 8. Very
high. Sty. Carn.

24. pyrenaica. Plaits of expanded Cor.
forming 10 divisions! Intermediate Div.smaller,
crenate, obtuse. L. lanceolato-linear. Stem
somewhat branched at the bottom. p. 7, 8.
High. e. Pyr.

ii. Annual. Stem single, branched, many flow-
ered. No barren shoots. Styles cloven.
25. prostrata. Hxpanded Plaits of Cor.

more than half as long as segments. LL. ob-

oyate, obtuse. Style bipartite, revolute. 7,

pale blue. a. 7,8. Snow. Salzb. Carinth,

26. utriculosa. Cal. inflated, with winged
angles. Intermediate Plaits of Cor. not ex-
panded. Style long, cloven. LL. ovate or ob-
long. Root-L. in rosettes. a. 6-8. Morst
mountain meadows. e. Bav. Alsace. Jura, Be-

tween Diirkheim and Mannheim on the Rhine.
Alps. Apenn.

27. nivalis. Cal. cylindrical. Angles keeled.
Plaits of Cor. not expanded. Style short. L.
ovate or oblong. Root-L. rosulate. £7. bright
blue. a.7, 8. Snowy. Alps. Pyr. Apenn.

C. Throat of Corolla bearded. Root-L. ob-
ovate, stalked.

i. Calyx tubular, 4-5-toothed.

28. campestris. Cor. 4-cleft. Segm.
of Cal. 4, very unequal; the 2 outer cover-
ing the inner. Stipe of Caps. very short. L.
ovato-lanceolate, acute. a. 7, 8. Open.

29. germanica. Cor. 5-cleft. Cal. with 5
nearly equal teeth. L. sessile, ovate, prolonged,
acute. Stipe of Caps. very short. a. 8,9
Meadows and moist thickets. G. Fr.

B. uniflora, Wud. 1 -flowered.

30. Amarella. Cor. 5-cleft. Cal. with 5
nearly equal teeth. Stipe about one-third as
long as capsule. L. sessile, lanceolate, on a
broad base, acute. a. 8,9. Meadows and
pastures. Fl. much smaller than in Sp. 29,
and L. much narrower.

31. obtusifolia. Cor. 5-cleft. Cal. with
5, lineari-lanceolate, nearly equal teeth. Stipe
of Caps. very short. L. sessile, oblong, ob-
tuse; uppermost ovato - lanceolate, acute. —
Kocnw. a. 7,8. High mountains. G.

li. Calyx 4-5-partite. Stem branched only
at base. Flower-stalks long, naked.

32. tenella. Cor. 4-cleft, tubuloso-campa-
nulate, salver-like. Div. of Cal. 4, ovato-lan-
ceolate, equal. LL. elliptico-oblong, somewhat
acute. a. 8, 9. Snowy. s. Alps of Prov.
Pyr. Mont Cenis. Spliigen.

33. nana. Cor. 4—5-cleft, tubuloso-cam-
panulate. Div. of Cal. 4-5, ovate, nearly
equal. lL. obovate, very obtuse. a. 8, 9.
Snowy. Highest Alps of Salzb. and Carinthia.

D. Throat naked. Segments of Corolla
Sringed.
34. ciliata. Fl. -terminal, d/we. Cor. 4-

cleft. Stem flexuose. L. lineari-lanceolate.
a. 8,9. Moist rough hills. Fr. G. Sw. It.

554. ERYTHRAA.

1. Centaurium. Stem erect, nearly sim-
ple. Pan. dichotomous, fastigiate. Fl. in the
forks, nearly sessile. Cal. half tube of opening
flower. Lobes of Cor. oval, obtuse. L. ovali-

GEUNTIANE A. 249

oblong. Caps. almost 2-celled. a. 6-S. Open
woods and pastures.

2. latifolia. Stem erect, simple, very short.
Pan. crowded. Fi. of forks sessile. Cal. nearly
as long as tube of opening flower. Lobes of
Cor. lanceolate, somewhat obtuse. L. oval,
5-7-nerved. a.6-8. Coasts. un. Hur.

3. linariifolia (ditforalis, Sm.). Stem
simple. Corymb dense. Fl. of forks sessile.
Cal. as long as tube of opening corolla. Lobes
of Cor. oval, obtuse. Caps. nearly 1-celled.
Lower L. in rosettes, oblong. a.6, 7. Coasts.
Scotl. Liverpool. n. G.

4. tenuifolia. Stem branched. Div. of
Cal. linear, somewhat obtuse, as long as tube
of opening corolla. Div. of Cor. oval. All L.
linear, l-nerved: lower very long. a. 7, 8.
Sands of the Durance, Fr.

5. diffusa. Diffuse, ascending, few-flow-
ered. Fl. sessile. Cal. nearly as long as tube
of opening corolla. Div. of Cor. as long as tube,
elliptic. Lower L. elliptic, subrotund, approx-
tmate. a. Among furze. Morlaix.

6. pulchella. Stem much branched (sim-
ple in starved specimens). FI. of forks stalked.
Cal. nearly as long as tube. Segm. of Cor.
lanceolate. L. ovate. Caps. 1l-celled. a. 7-9.
Barren pastures.

7. spicata. Stem quadrangular. Branches
simple, each ending in along spike! LL. ob-
long, 5-nerved. Cal. Teeth unequal. Div. of
Cor. lanceolate. a. 7,8. Sandy coasts. s.
Fr. Trieste. Italy.

8. maritima. Stem simple. Pan. corym-
bose, few-flowered. LL. ovato-lanceolate. Div.
of Cal. lineari-subulate. Lower L. ovate; up-
per oblongo-lanceolate. J7. yellow. a 6,
sometimes 9. Shores of Mat.

Not well known.

9. Elodes. “Stem erect, nearly simple,
hirsute. L. round. Cymes 6—10-flowered, on.
axillary stalks. Cal. as long as tube of corolla.
Lobes obtuse, connected into a tube. Cor.
yellow. Lobes acute. p. Boggy meadows.
Valle d’Ossam, lower Pyr.”—GrisEb.

555. CICHNDIA.

1. Gandollei. Stem branched, somewhat
dichotomous, slender. L. lineari-lanceolate, 3-
nerved. Fl.-stalks very long. F/. pink. a. 6, 7.
Places sometimes under water. Domfront.
Anjou. Plelan. Nantes. Montp. Lingo Sardo
in Sardinia.

2. pusilla. Stem much branched, dicho-
tomous. L. oblongo-lanceolate, 3-nerved. Fl.-
stalks short. Border of Cor. connivent, vose-
coloured, white, or yellow. Perhaps not dif-
ferent from Sp. 1. a. 7, 8. Places overflowed
in winter. Fontainebleau. Alencon. Aurillac.

3. filiformis. Stem slender, dichotomous.
Root-L. lineari-laneeolate ; upper subulate, 1-
nerved. Tl.-stalks very long, naked. Cal.
campanulate, with 4 teeth. Style undivided.
Fl. yellow. a. 7. Moist sandy or peaty, occ.
throughout Europe.

LXVI. POLEMONIACEA.

Corolla inferior. stivation imbricate. Stamens 5. Germen of 3 cells, with central placenta.

Style 1. Stigma 3-cleft.
556. POLEMONIUM.

1. ceruleum. L. pinnate. Fl. erect. Cal.

divided to middle. Segm. somewhat obtuse.
p. 6. Moist bushy. Eng. Pyr. Jura. Ger.
occasionally.

LXVII. CONVOLVULACEA.
Corolla inferior, regular, longitudinally plaited. Germen 4-celled, on an hypogynous disc.

557, CONVOLVULUS.

Ad. Flowers sessile, with 2 opposite bracts
close to flower. Capsule imperfectly 2-
celled.

1. Soldanella. Bracts broadly ovate. L.

oe

reniform. Stalks 1-flowered, 4-edged, winged.
Stems procumbent. p. 6,7. Sandy shores,

2. sylvestris. IL. cordate: Jéasal lobes
sometimes truncate. Bracts concave, one em-
bracing the other. Stem-climbing. FV. white.

250 557. CONVOLVULUS.

p. 7-9. Hedges and thickets. Rome. K.
Naples. Sicily.

3. sepium. L.sagittate: basal lobes trun-
cate. Bracts flat, lying parallel to each other.
Fl. usually white. p. 7-9. Hedges and thickets.

B. No Bracts close to flower.
celled.

Capsule 2-

i. Stem twisting.

4, arvensis. L. sagittate, acute. Basal
Lobes acute. Stalks axillary, solitary, gene-
rally 1-flowered. Bracts very small. jp. 6, 7.
Dry cult. Fl. pink, with yellowish plats.

5. althzeoides. Hairs spreading. Lower
L. cordate, somewhat lobed; upper pedatifid,
unequally dentate. Fl.-stalks long, generally
2-flowered. p. 8-5. Dry. Istria. s. It. Sic.
Sardinia. Corsica.

6. tenuissimus. Silky; hairs adpressed.
Lower L. cordate, prolonged, obtusely dentate ;
upper pedatifid, with linear, nearly entire di-
visions. Stalks long, generally 2-flowered.
p. 4-6. Dry. s. It. Sic.

ii. Stems not twisting.

a. Perennial. Flower-stalks far exceeding L.

7. lamuginosus. Somewhat shrubby,
woolly. IL. lineari-lanceolate, acute, sessile.
Stalks supporting a compact head of flowers.
Cal. acuminate. Stigma linear. w. 5, 6.
Rocks. Perpignan. Toulon.

5. Gantabrica. Hairs spreading. L. lan-
ceolate ; lower attenuate and obtuse. Fl. 1-6,
lax, on a long, axillary stalk. Caps. imper-
fectly 2-celled. Seeds 4. (According to Duby
and to Choisy, the Sep. are linear: I find them
elliptic or lanceolate, acuminate.) p. 6-9.
Rocky. s. Hur.

9. sabatius. Downy. Stems procum-
bent. L. ovate or oval. Bracts linear. Stalks
axillary, solitary, generally 2-flowered, exceed-
ing L. Divisions of Cal. ovate, acute, spread-
ing at top. Caps. 2-celled. a. 7,8. Capo
di Noli.— Brrr.

b. Annual. Lower Hlower-stalhs exceeding L. ;
upper shorter than L.

10. tricolor. Somewhat hirsute. Lower
L. obovato-lanceolate; upper lanceolate, sessile.
Stalks axillary, 1-flowered. Sep. hirsute, nar-
row lanceolate, acuminate, with long cilia.
a. 3-5. Clayey fields. Agrigentum.

ll. meonanthus. Stem villous. L. lan-
ceolate; upper sessile, acute. Stalks 1-flow-

Shore.

ered. Bracts linear, acuminate.
lanceolate, acute. a. 5. Shore.

12. pseudo-tricolor. Lower L. obovate ;
upper oblongo-lanceolate, obtuse. Stalks 1-
flowered. Bracts lineari-filiform. Sep. ovato-
oblong, obtuse, mucronulate. a. 4,5. Hills
of St. Bartholomew at Genoa. Choisy, in DC.,
considers this and Sp. 10, 11, as one species.

Sep. ovato-
Corneto.

e. Annual. Flower-stalks not exceeding L.

13. evolvuloides. LL. oblongo-spatulate,
somewhat hairy, ciliate; upper amplexicaul.
Fl. nearly sessile, axillary, solitary (crowded,
CHOISY); uppermost approximate. Caps. vil-
lous. a. 5, 6. Claycy fields. Caltanesetta
and Delia, Sic.

14. pentapetaloides. Lower L. obversely
lanceolate, stalked ; upper lanceolate, sessile.
Stalks axillary, solitary, 1-flowered. Fr.-stalks
recurved. Cor. semiquinquefid. Stem decum-
bent. a. 4,5. Melds. Sic. Sard. w. Lig.—
BERT.

15. siculus. Downy, procumbent. L.
cordate, acute. Stalks axillary, solitary, 1-
flowered, falling short of L. Cal. hirsute.
a. 4, 5. Sic. Sard. ,

d. Perennial. Flower-stalks not exceeding L.

16. lineatus. Rhizoma creeping. Plant
silky. Stems ascending. LL. narrow lanceolate,
lined: lower attenuate, obtuse; upper sessile.
Hl.-stalks axillary, solitary, generally 2-flow-
ered ; upper approximate. Segm. of Cal. con-
cave, connivent below, spreading above. Caps.
obscurely 2—8-celled. Seeds 3 or 4. (w.
Cuotsy.) p. 4,5. Maritime rocks. Prov.
Capri. Sic.—Berrr.

17. Cneorum. Shrubby, erect, silky. L.
numerous, lanceolate, attenuate, sometimes ob-
tuse. Fl. in a terminal coryimbose head. s.S.
4,5. Cale. rocks. Capri. Monte Pellegrino.

18. Emperati. Root creeping. Stem pros-
trate. Lower L. fiddle-shaped ; upper 3- or 5-
lobed. Stalks generally solitary, axillary, 1-
flowered, thickened above the small, opposite,
lanceolate bract. Seeds 2, villous. p. 7-9.
Shore. Pozzuoli. Ischia.—BErRt.

558. IPOMAA.

1. sagittata. Smooth. Stem twining.
Lower L. cordato-subrotund ; upper sagittate,
acuminate, with long, acute basal lobes. Stalks
axillary, solitary, generally 2-flowered. Fil.
villous at base. Seeds tomentose. p. 5-8.
Mondello in Sie.

CONVOLVULACE A.

559. CRHSSA,.

1. cretica. Stem herbaceous, pubescent,
not milky. 4. entire, adpressed. FI. crowded.
a. Moist shores. mat. Fr.

560. CUSCUTA.

A. Stigma filiform. Flowers sessile, Kocn.,
1. densifiora. Stem quite simple. Tube

of Cor. globose, twice as long as border. Seales

adpressed. a. 7,8. On flax. Hng. G.

2. europzea. Branched. Tube of Cor.
cylindrical, as long as segments. Scales ad-
pressed, bipartite, so¢ easily seen. a. 7, 8.
Parasitic on herbs and willows.

3. Epithymum. Branched. Tube of Cor.
cylindrical, as long as acute segments, much
longer than calyx. Scales palmate, converging,
and closing the tube. a. 7, 8. Parasitic on
heath, furze, Sc.

4. Trifolii. Branched. Tube of Cor. as
long as segments, hardly exceeding calyx.
Scales palmate, converging, closing the tube.
7,8. On Trifolium. Eng —Bas.

5. planiflora. Branched. Tube of Cor.
campanulate, half as long as segments. a. 7.
On Colutea arborea, near Botzen ; on Asperula
cynanchica, Monte Velino; ox Carlina gum-
mifera, Bocca di Falco, Sic.

25]

B. Stigma capitate.
6. alba. Branched. ‘Tube of Cor. cylin-
drical, Segm. of this and of Cal. obtuse.
Seales crest-like. Styles 2. I'l. sessile, in

sessile heads. a. 5, 6. Parasitic on Umbel-
lates, Galium, Plantago, “Zizyphus, Se.
Sicily.

7. corymbosa. ‘Stem thread-like. FI.
corymboso-panicled. Corymb many-flowered.
Pedicels fleshy. Cal. 5-partite. Segm. obtuse.
Cor. campanulate, twice as long as calyx.
Teeth somewhat acute. a. Parasitic on Me-
deago : brought with seeds from America.’—
Cuoisy i DC.

5. hassiaca. ‘Stem branched. Fl. in
bundles, stalked. Tube of Cor. campanulate,
as long as border, closed with converging

scales. Segm. spreading, with a horny, in-
flexed tip. Styles 2. a. 8,9. Parasitic on
Composite, Medicago, and other plants.

Hesse. Nassau.”-—Kocu. I have inserted both
these descriptions, not knowing whether they
refer to the same or to different species.

9. monogyna. Branched. fl. in spikes
(heads or racemes, Cuorsy), bracteate, at last
stalked. Tube of Cor. cylindrical, twice as
long as border. Scales adpressed. Only 1
Style! a. 7,8. Chiefly on willows, Silesia.
On vines, lower Lang.

LXVIII BORRAGINEA.

Corolla inferior, of 1 petal.
561.. CERINTHE.

1. major. 1. with callous dots, setoso-
ciliate. Teeth of Cor. very short, acute, re-
flexed. 2. shorter than anthers. a. 5.
Woody hills. s. Hur.

B. aspera. Fil. as long as anthers. L.
more bristly, and with more callous
points.

2. alpina. LL. without bristles. Callous
Dots small. Anthers four times as long as
filaments. Teeth of Cor. somewhat longer
than broad, recurved at top. Segm. of Cal.
unequal : the larger ovate; the smaller oblong.
p. 6,7. Alps.

B. tenuiflora, Burr.

Cal. much elongated
in the fruit.

2

Germens 2 or 4.

K

Style 1. Seeds in all 4.

3. longiflora. L. smooth above. Segm.
of Cal. all equal, linear, obtuse. Cor. deeply
5-toothed. Teeth acute. Style extending to
twice the length of calyx. Isl. of Tavolara.
—Viv.

4, minor. L. not ciliate (excepting some-
times the upper floral L.). Segm. of Cal. un-
equal. Teeth of Cor. erect, move than twice as
long as broad. b.5-7, Kocu. 6-10, Bert.
Fields and borders. e. G. n.e. It.

B. maculata, BERT. Segm. of Cal. very
unequal. Auricles of L. often overlapping.
y. auriculata, BERT. Stalks shorter than
calyx. Auricles of L. divergent.
Bertoloni considers as species all the vari-
eties I have enumerated in this genus.
Z :

x

252 562. HELIOTROPIUM.

562. HELIOTROPIUM.

1. supinum. Nut flat on one side, acute,
usually solitary. Cal. closmg on fruit, and
falling off with it. Spikes usually solitary.
Stem procumbent. IL. oval. a. 6-8. Sandy
fields. Catania. Lentini in Sic. Sard.

2. europzeum. Nuts 4, subrotund. Cal.
of Fr. spreading. Segm. of Cor. acute. L.
ovate, entire, lineate. a. 7-9. Fields. m. and
s. Fr. s. G. It.

3. Bocconi. Nuts 4, subrotund, hairless.
Cal. of Fr. spreading. Segm. of Cor. rounded.
L. ovate, entire, lineate.. a. 7-9. Base of
7Btna.

563. ASPERUGO.

l. procumbens. Fl. axillary. Cal. of
Fr. expanded, flat. a. 4-6. Rich uncult. Eng.
rare. Fr. G. It.

564. CYNOGLOSSUM.
[Divisions from Bertoloni. |
A. Seeds convex on face.

1. clandestinum. No prominent mar-
gin to seeds. Prickles nearly equal, and equally
disposed. I. soft, hoary. Raceme covered
with brown silk. Div. of Cal. oblong, obtuse ;
those of Cor. bearded. b. 4,5. Barren. Cal.
s. Sic. s. Sard.

2. pictum. No prominent margin to seeds.
Prickles nearly equal, and equally disposed. L.
soft, hoary: lower obtuse; upper acute. Cor.
reticulate with purple veins. Div. not bearded.
b. 5-7. Unceult. s. Fr. adr. G. It.

3. montanum. No prominent margin to
seeds. Prickles nearly equal, and equally dis-
posed. L. shining, and nearly smooth above.
Middle L. contracted above the cordate base.
Cor. not reticulate or bearded. b. 6. Shade,
occasionally.

4. officinale. Prickles on the somewhat
prominent margin of seeds, smaller and more
crowded than on disc. L. broadly lanceolate,
soft, hoary; upper cordate at base. b. 6, 7.
Uneult.

B.nebrodensis. Div. of Cal. somewhat acute.

B. Seeds concave on face. (Bertoloni says
“back,” but the descriptions imply that
he means the outward part.)

5. apenninum. Sceds not membranous
on margin, everywhere covered with small
prickles. L. soft, hoary. Stems hollow. Sta-

mens exsert. b. 5, 6. Montigno. Monte

Como.

6. magellense. Seeds not membranous
ou margin, covered with short prickles, con-
cave. Face nearly smooth. L. woolly, narrow

lanceolate. Rac. “congloblate:” a bract to
every pedicel. b.4-7. Mountains. Umbr.
Abruzzi.

7. cheirifolium. Seeds not membranous
on margin, less prickly on concave face. Pu-
bescence silvery. L. lanceolate. One or two
Bracts to each raceme, but not to every flower.
b. 3,4. Rough. s. Fr. Sic.

B. calcaratum. 1-5 small Spurs at base of
tube of corolla. Nismes. ;

8. Golumnee. Margin of seeds membra-
nous, cristato - dentate; concave face nearly
smooth. Stem villous, L. pubescent. b. 3, 4.
Cale. thickets. Pal. Nebrodes.

Not well known.

9. siculum. “Softly and finely villous.
L. stalked, lanceolate ; upper sessile, lineari-
lanceolate. Div. of Cal. lineari-oblong, ob-
tuse, as long as corolla. b. 3, 4. Open fields.
Palermo, al Caputa.”—Guss.

10. tomentosum. Lower L. oblongo-
lanceolate, somewhat obtuse ; upper lanceolate,
semiamplexicaul, covered with a golden tomen-
tum. Rac. terminal, many-flowered, without
bracts. Nuts adpressed, with short glochidiate
prickles. p. Open hills. Waly? Palermo?
—DC.

565. OMPHALODKES.

1. littoralis. Seed with a long attach-
ment to style, and an inflexed, dentato-ciliate
margin. Root-L. spatulate. Stem-L. sessile,
ovate ; uppermost papillose. Margin strigoso-
ciliate. Rac. bracteate, few-flowered. a. 5—7.
Sandy shores. w. ¥r.—DC.

2. linifolia. Seed with long attachment
to style, and an inflexed, dentate margin.
Root-L. cuneiform. Stem-L. lineari-lanceolate,
strigoso-ciliate. Rac. nearly without bracts.
Cor. twice as long as calyx. a. 3-7. Stony
fills. dt. Fr.

3. scorpioides. Seed attached bya point,
downy. Margin nearly entire. Stem prostrate.
Root-L. spatulate. Stem-L. lanceolate, sessile ;
lower opposite. Fl.-stalks axillary, solitary, at
last exceeding L. a. 4, 5. Moist shade. e. G.

4. verna. Seed attached by a point. L.

BORRAGINE®.

stalked. Root-L. cordate.
ovato-lanceolate. Rac. in pairs,
p. 4,5. Shade. Salzb. 1. Sty.

Upper stem-L.
few-flowered.

Carn. Pdm.

566. ECHINOSPERMUM.

1. Lappula. Cal. of Fr. erect. Div. stel-
late. Margin of Seeds with a donble row of
glochidiate prickles. a. 5,6. It.

2. deflexum. Fr.-sialks recurved. Margin
of seeds with a simple series of glochidiate
prickes united at base. a. b. 7,8. Stony
mountain woods. e. G. Vall. Cimone di Fa-
nomo. Modena.

567. MYOSOTIS.

A. Hairs of Calyx straight, adpressed.
i. Calyz of Fruit shorter than stalks.

1. palustris. Cal. of Fr. open. St
divergent. ‘Teeth not half as long as tube.
Border of Cor. fat, longer than tube. Siyle
about as long as as ealys. p. 6-8. Water.

2. repens. Cal. of Fr. open. Stalks di-

vergent. . acute, as long as tube. Bor-
der of Cor. flat, longer than tube. Hairs of

Stem spreading. p. 6-8. Wet peaiy. Br. G.
3. czspitosa. Cal. of Fr. open. Stalks

divergent. Segm. obtuse, as long as tube.
Border of Cor. concave, as long as tube.

Hairs of Stem (if any) adpressed. p. or b.

6-8. Wet. Br. Bel. G.

4. micrantha. “Stem rooting at base.
L. lanceolato-lingulaie, obtuse, 3-nerved. Cal.
semiquinquefid, obtuse, with adpressed bristles
in fruit, gaping, top-shaped, about equal to
the somewhat deflexed sialks. Tube of Cor.
longer than concave border. a. 4, 5. Pools.
Sic.”’— Beer.

5. inerassata. Cal. of Fr. as short or
shorter than club-shaped! stalks. Segm.
equalling tube, connivent, somewhat acute.

Cor. hardly exceeding calyx. a. 4,5. Plashes.

Sicily.

H. Calyx of Fruit as long as, or longer than
stalks.

6. multiflora. Cal. of Fr. as long as
spreading stalks, half open. Segm. obtuse, as
long astube. Cor. short. a. Sandy. cen-
tral France.

7. pusilla. Cal. of Fr. campanulate, longer
than spreading stalks. Segm. longer than tube.
Border of Cor. much shorier than tube. Root-

253

L. on long stalks. Lower Fl. bracteate.
4.5. Dry. Sard. Cors. Mars.

B. Hairs of Calyx spreading ; those of base
hooked.
i, Plant perennial or biennial, or at least re-
maining and flowering for a long time.

8. alpestris. Cal. of Fr. shorter than as-

cending stalk, narrowed at base. Teeth longer

than tube, spreading. Border of Cor. flat,

longer than tube. Root-L. on long, narrow

stalks. p. 7,8. Mountains.

9. sylvatica. Cal. of Fr. shorter than
spreading stalks, rounded at base. Teeth
longer than tube, connivent. Border of Cor.
flat, ioneee than tube. Root-L. on short,
broad st b. or p. 6, 7. Woods.

10. arvensis. Cal. of Fr. shorter than
divergent stalks, Teeth equal to tube. Border
ot Cor. concave, equalling tube. a. or b. 6-9.
Fields and uneult.

11. variabilis. Cal. of Fr. closed, as long
as stalk. Segm. longer than tube. Tube of
Cor. at last twice as long as calyx. Anthers
exsert! b. 62 Woods. Rottenmanner Tauern.
Siyria.

ii. Plant annual, flowering and quickly dis-
appearing.

12. collina. Cal. of Fr. campanulaie, as
long as divergent stalks. Div. equalling tube.
Border of Cor. concave, shorier -than tube.
a. 3-5. Sandy banks.

13. versicolor. Cal of Fr. closed, longer
than spreading sialks. Div. longer than tube.
Border of Cor. shorter than exsert tube. Rac.
quite separate from L. a. 5,6. Sandy. The
FI. open when yet turned downwards, and are
at first quite yellow.

14. stricta. Cal. of Fr. closed, as long as
stalk. Div. longer thaninbe. Tube of Cor.
included m calyx. Rac. leafy at the base. a.
4,5. Sandy uncult. G.

15. sparsiflora. Cal. of Fr. closed, deeply
divided. Lower Stalks bent down, many times
longer than calyx. Rac. few-flowered, leafy at
base. 2. s 6. Woods and moist thickets.
Germany.

a.

568. ERITRICHUM.

1. nanum. Margin of Fr. irmged with
small prickles. Hairs of Cal. spreading, straight.
p. 7,8. Very high granitic. s. Alps.

8. Hacguetiz, Koc, ed. 1. Margin of Fr.

254 568. ERITRICHUM.

unarmed, or only with 2 or 4 teeth. Sty.
Carn. Tyrol.

569. LITHOSPERMUM.

A. Seeds tubercled. Tube of Corolla with
longitudinal plaits.

i. Annual.

1. arvensis. Fr. on short, terete pedicels ;
lower wide apart. Cal. about as long as co-
volla. FZ. white. I. lanceolate; lower obtuse.
a. 5,6. elds.

2. Spliteerberi. “Small. Stems herba-
ceous, erect, branched at base. LL. strigose.
Root-L. wider, obovato-spatulate. Stem-L.
narrowly lineari-lanceolate. Pedicels terete,
very short. Segm. of Cal. a little shorter than
corolla, somewhat spreading when in fruit.
Nuts warty, not wrinkled. a. Dry hills.
Sic.’—DC.

3. minimum. Small. Hairs adpressed.
Lower L. spatulate; upper lanceolato-linear.
Tube of Cor. much exceeding segments of ca-
lyx. Nuts reticulato-muricate, compressed at
top, obtuse. a. 3,4. Dry coasts. St. Eha
in Sard.—Berr.

4. inerassatum. Small, hirsute. Lower —

L. spatulate ; upper lanceolato-linear. Pedi-
cel of Fr. as wide at top as calyx. Cor. hardly
exceeding calyx. Seeds pitted and finely grained.
a. 5,6. Open pastures. Le. Cal. Nebr.

5. apulum. Erect, hirsute, with spreading
hairs. Fr. in spikes, approximate. Segm. of
Cal. acuminate, always erect, nearly equalling

corolla. L.linear.; lower somewhat spatulate.
a. 3-5. Dry fields and pastures. s. Fr. It.
Istria.

ii. Perennial. Corolla downy at mouth, twice
as long as calyx.

6. tinctorium. Hirsute. Tube of Cor.
as long as calyx. Stems procumbent. L. lan-
ceolate: the lower stalked; upper and Bracts
cordate. Seeds incurved, muricate. p. 2—4.
Lig. Cal. Sic. Alkanna tinctoria of DC.; but
not, according to Bertoloni, Lithospermum
tinctorium of the lst ed. Sp. Pl.

7. Ieehmani. “ Tufted, perennial or woody
at base, calloso-strigose, hoary. Stems of the
year diffuse, ascending. Lower L. oblongo-
linear, somewhat blunt; upper sessile. Bracts
somewhat cordate, exceeding calyx. Race. se-
cund. Tube of Cor. exceeding calyx. Seeds
lacunoso-rugose. w.orp. Dry calc. hills.
w. Sic.’ —Guss.

B. Seeds smooth. Throat of Corolla some-
what contracted. Perennial.

8. purpuro-czruleum. ‘Throat of Cor.
with downy longitudinal plaits. Barren Stems
prostrate ; fertile erect, divided at top. LL.
lanceolate, acuminate. Cor. twice as long as
calyx. p.5,6. Woody hills. oce.

9. officinale. Throat of Cor. with downy
transverse protuberances. Stem erect, much
branched. L. lanceolate, acute, 3-nerved. p.
5,6. Bushy.

C. Seeds smooth. Throat of Corolla smooth

and open.

10, graminifolium. Cor. smooth exter-
nally, two or three times as long as calyx,
Stems woody at base. L. lear, rough: mar-
gin revolute. Rac. many-flowered, cymose,
nodding. w. 6, 7. Cale. rocks. it. Tyrol.
Apenn. Mountains of Carrara.

ll. fruticosum. A Shrub. Cor. some-
what hairy externally, about twice as long as
calyx. LL. strigose on both sides, lineari-lan-
ceolate ; upper somewhat ovate at base. Rac.
few-flowered. s.S. 5, 6. madt. Fr.

12. rosmarinifolium. A Shrub. Cor.
silky externally, two or three times as long as
calyx. LL. lineari-lanceolate, not at all ovate
at base, margin revolute; under side hoary
with parallel, adpressed hairs. s.S. 12-3.
Calc. rocks. Capri. Sic.

13. prostratum. A prostrate Shrub. Cor.
two or three times as long as calyx. Tube
densely villous at top. LL. lineari-lanceolate :
margin somewhat revolute. Rac. terminal,
short, few-flowered. s.S. 5, 6. Heaths.
Brit. Dax. Bayonne.

14, oleifolium. An ascending Shrub. Cor.
twice as long as calyx. Tube villous. L. ellip-
tico-oblong, silky and silvery beneath. Rac.
terminal, leafy, few-flowered. s.S.5, 6. Rocks.
Prats de Mollo.

15. calabrum. Shrubby at base, pro-
cumbent. Cor. hairy externally, shorter than
calyx. L. oblongo-elliptic, acute, hairy. w.
6. Rocks. Corigliano in Calab.

Not well known.

16. Gastoni, AtpH. DC. A plant with
the habit of L. purpuro-ceruleum, but with
ovate or ovato-lanceolate LL. and wrinkled
Seeds. p. ssures of rocks above Haux-
bonnes, e. Pyr.

BORRAGINEA. 255

570. STEINHAMMERA.

1. maritima. Stem branched, procum-
bent. L. ovate, acute, fleshy, sprinkled with
callous dots. Fr. smooth. Rac. leafy. p.
7, 8. Sand; northern shores. Not im G.

571. PULMONARIA.

1. officinalis. Outer L. of heads of the
barren shoots cordate, on long stalks winged
at the top. Upper L. elliptic. Upper part of
Stem with bristle-like, and jointed, glanduli-
ferous hairs. p. 38,4. Shade. G. Fr. It.

2. saccharata. Outer L. of heads of
barren shoots ovate, suddenly contracted into
a narrowly winged stalk; inner oblong, de-
current on stalk. Stem with bristle-like, and
jointed, glanduliferous hairs. L. blotched. p.
3,4. Moist shade. Spa. Pom. Sty—ikocu.

3. mollis. “ Root-L. lanceolate or ellip-
tico-lanceolate, decurrent on a broadly winged
stalk. Stem with soft, joimted, glandular hairs.
p. 4,5. Stony shade. Vorberg in Bav. Aust.
Schweinfurt. Wurtzburg.’”—Kocu.

4. angustifolia. ‘“ Root-L. lanceolate or
elliptico-lanceolate, decurrent on a winged stalk.
Stem with bristle-like hairs, mixed with a few
glanduliferous. Throat internally hairy below
the bearded circle. p. 4,5. Shade. I. of
Wight. G. Fr. It.’—Kocu.

5. azurea. Root-L. elliptico-lanceolate and
lanceolate, decurrent on a winged stalk. Stem
with bristle-like hairs. Throat of Cor. inter-
nally smooth below the bearded circle. p. 4, 5.
Shade. G. oce.

572. ECHIUM.

A. Shrubby.

l. ambiguum. ‘Hispid. L. lanceolate.
Rac. compound, spreading. Branches forked.
Cal. about as long as corolla. s.&. Catania.”
—Brrr. According to DC., a var. of H. stric-
tum, of which, however, the Cor. is twice as
long as the calyx.

B. Herbaceous. Flowers in lateral spikes.
i. L. lineari-lanceolate.

2. vulgare. ‘Tubercled, bristly. Stem
straight, nearly simple. IL. entire, 1-nerved.
Spikes undivided. Tube of Cor. shorter than
calyx. Style bifid. Stamens divaricate, de-
clining, and resting on corolla. [¢ varies much
m the comparative length of Cal., Cor., and
Stamens. %.4-7. Dry uncult.

3. pustulatum. Tubercled, bristly. Stem
straight, nearly simple. Spikes undivided.
Tube of Cor. longer than calyx. Style bifid.
Stamens parallel, declined, but remote from
border of Cor., exceeding Cor. b.5—-7. Un-
cult. Istria. s. It. Sic.—Kocu.

4, Sibthorpii. Tubercled and with spread-
ing hairs. L. narrow lanceolate, ciliate. Cor.
narrowly funnel-shaped, very irregular, four
times calyx. Stamens as long as corolla. Seeds
prickly. b. 6. Classis near Ravenna.—BeErr.
DC. identifies this with HK. elegans, which has
velvety L. and a corolla about three times as
long as the calyx.

5. rubrum. Bristly. Stem straight, sim-
ple. Spikes undivided. Tube of Cor. twice
as long as calyx. Style undivided. Stamens
exceeding corolla. b. 6. Meadows and open-
ings im woods. lower Aust. Mor.—Kocu.

6. italicum. bBristly and warty. Stem
straight, nearly simple. Rac. crowded, nearly
cylindrical. Spikes bifid. Style bifid. Sta-
mens as long as the nearly regular corolla. b.
6,7. Dry uncult. Istria. It. s. Fr.

7. pyrenaicum. Stem warty, very hairy.
Branches numerous, spreading, forming a
broadly pyramidal panicle. Cor. nearly regular,
somewhat exceeding calyx. Stamens exceed-
ing corolla. b.? 5-7. Dry. s. ands. w. Fr.

ii. Upper L. ovate or cordate at base, some-
what amplexicaul.

8. violaceum. Stem much _ branched.
Lower L. oblongo-lanceolate, obtuse; upper
acute. Spikes long, simple. a.5,6. Jersey.
s. France.

9. ereticum. “‘ Stem diffuse or suberect,
branched at base, hispid and tubercled. LL.
oval or oblongo-lanceolate, with scattered
hairs. Stem-L. sessile. Spikes simple. Lower
Fl. remote. Bracts lanceolate, ovate at base,
acuminate, somewhat exceeding the very hispid
calyx. Cor. twice as long as calyx, equalling
stamens. a. 7. Beancaire.’—DC. Elne.

10. plantagineum. “ Hirsute. Stem
nearly simple. L. veiny beneath. Root-L. ovate;
stalked. Stem-L. cordato-lanceolate ; upper-
most acute. Stamens equalling corolla. b.
4-7. Fields.and uncult.Narb. It.’—Berrr.

ll. maritimum. “ Hispid. Hairs ad-
pressed. Stem nearly simple. IL. obversely’
lanceolate, spatulate. Stamens as long as the
externally hirsute corolla. b. 4,5. Shores.
Sic. Sard. Cors.”—BErr.

256 572. ECHIUM.

C. Flowers in terminal spikes or racemes (or
they might be sad to be axillary, solitary ;
upper approximate) .

12. arenarium. “ Hispid with spreading
hairs. Stem decumbent. LL. obversely lan-
ceolato-linear, acute. Cor. tubular, hardly
exceeding calyx, hairy externally. The largest
Lobes of border somewhat denticulate. Sta-
mens included. Fr. tubercled. b. 3, 4.
Shores. Reggio. Sic.” —Burv.

13. calycinum. Decumbent, hispid with
spreading hairs. L. oblongo-obovate. Cal..of
Fr. enlarged, leafy, campanulate. Cor. small,
tubular. Stamens included. a. 3-5. Coasts.
Mars. It. Sic.—Berr.

573. ONOSMA.

Lobes of Calyx distinct, and Anthers included,
in the European species.

1. echioides. Bristles each on a smooth
tubercle. Stem much branched. L. lineari-
lanceolate ; upper ovato-lanceolate. Fil. half as
long as smooth anther. b. 6,7. Rocky hills.
s. G. Vall. s. Fr.

2. arenarium. Bristles each on a smooth
tubercle. Stem branched. L. lineari-lanceo-
late; upper ovato-lanceolate. Fil. shorter than
the denticulato-scabrous anther. b. 6, 7.
Dry sandy woods. Maintz.

3. stellulatum. Bristles each on a hairy,
stellate tubercle. Stems simple. L. lineari-
lanceolate, flat; upper lanceolate, from an
ovate base. Cor. club-shaped. Fil. longer
than anthers. p.6, 7. Open rocky. s. Sw.
s. Tyr. Trieste. It.

4. montanum. Bristles each on a hairy,
stellate tubercle. L. lineari-oblong, margin
revolute; upper hardly dilated at base. Fl.
erect. Cor. nearly cylindrical. Anthers longer
than filaments. p. 5, 6. Rough open. Vallais.
Aquileia. Italy.

574. NONNEA.

1. lutea. Seeds oblong, marked with lon-
gitudinal nerves ; margin of hollow thin, with-
out wrinkles. Lobes of Cal. acuminate, as
long as tube of corolla. a. 5, 6. Cors.

2. nigricans. Seeds subglobose: margin
of hollow thick and wrinkled. Stems de-
cumbent. Cal. somewhat exceeding corolla, at
last inflated. a. 3,4. Dry hills. Sic. This
zs Lycopsis pulia of Bert.

3. pulla. Seeds subglobose, strongly
wrinkled. Stems erect. Cal. of Fr. inflated.
Cor. dark purplish brown, exceeding calyx.
p. or b. 5,6. Fields and uncult. e. G.

575. SYMPHYTUM.

1. officinale. Root tapering, branched.
Stem branched. IL. ovato-lanceolate, decur-
rent. 7. yellowish white. p.5,6. Moist
meadows and banks.

B. patens. Fl. purple. Cal. somewhat more
spreading.

2. bulbosum. Rhizoma slender, thicken-
ing into tubers. LL. ovato-oblong, semidecur-
rent. Valves of Cor.exsert. p. 4,5. Vine-
yards. Heidelberg. Rome.

3. tuberosum. Rhizoma thick and knob-
by. Stem nearly simple. L. ovate, slightly
decurrent. Valves of Cor. included. p. 4, 5.
Moist meadows and woods. oce.

4. mediterraneum. Lower L. ovate, on
haft dilated at base and amplexicaul; upper
elliptico-lanceolate, somewhat decurrent. Teeth
of Cor. about one-fourth as long as tube.
Valves included. Anthers awned at base. p.
3, 4. Shade. Toulon. Sic.

576. ANCHUSA.

A. Calyx divided about to middle.

1. officinalis. L. flat, lanceolate, entire.
Bracts ovato-lanceolate. Div. of Cal. somewhat
acute. Hairs of Pan. and Cal. spreading.
Processes of Cor. ovate, velvety. Nuts acute.
p. or b. 5, 6. Stonyuncult. G. It.

B. angustifolia. . and Bracts narrower.

2. leptophylla. L. flat, lanceolate. Bracts
ovato-lanceolate. Div. of Cal. very obtuse.
Hairs of Pan. and Cal. aceumbent. Processes
of Cor. ovate, velvety. Nuts acute? b. 7, 8.
Uncult. ¥Fr.? Tyrol. s. Sw.

3. undulata. Strigose. Stem single. L.
lanceolate, repando-dentate, undulate. Rac. in
pairs. Stalks shorter than the lanceolate bracts.
Tube of Cor. longer than border. Style twice
calyx of fruit. Nuts obtuse. p. 5-7. elds.
Montp. It.

B. hybrida.

fruit.

4. erispa. “‘Hispid. Stems several, nearly

erect (decumbent, Brrt.). LL. lineari-oblong,
dentate, uwndulate. Rac. lax, few-flowered.

Style not exceeding calyx of

BORRAGINE. 257

Stalks about as long as calyx. Cal. nearly
equal to tube of corolla. Processes of Cor.
ciliate. Nuts wrinkled and minutely granu-
late. b.4. Aadls. Cors.’,—DC. Thasis a
Lycopsis, according to Bert.

5. Capellii. “ Strigose.
equal. Stems several, decumbent. LL. lanceo-
late, slightly denticulate. Root-L. undulate,
very attenuate. Bracts ovate, semiamplexicaul,
acuminate. Rac. lax. Cal. of Fr. inflated,
nodding. Tube of Cor. equal to its border
and to the calyx. Processes downy. Nuts
(ovoid, obtuse, Burr.) wrinkled. a. 5, 6.
Central meadows of Sard.”’—DC.

Hairs very un-

B. Calyx divided nearly to the base.

6. aggregata. Stem decumbent. L. lan-
ceolato-linear or lanceolate, obtuse, entire.
Rac. short, very dense. Lower Bracts much
exceeding flowers ; upper about one-fourth of
flowers. ‘Tube of Cor. exceeding calyx. Cal.
of Fr. spreading. Nuts boat-shaped, dentate
on margin, somewhat bivalve whenripe. a
5,6. Sandy shores. Agrigentwn.

7. italica. L. lanceolate or ovato-lanceo-
late, entire. Rac. panicled. Lobes of. Cal.
acute, shorter than tube of corolla, spreading
when in fruit. Processes covered with brushes
of hair. Nuts oblong, wrinkled, granulate.
p. 5,6. Fields. Fr. Trieste. It.

8. Barrelieri. Stem simple, ascending or
erect (softly hispid, DC.). L. lanceolate or
oblongo-lanceolate, acuminate, somewhat den-
ticulate, hispid. Rac. in pairs, stalked, pani-
eled. Cal. of Fr. erect. Nuts oblong. p.
5-7. Italy.

9. sempervirens. Hispid. Stem ascend-
ing or erect. L. elliptico-ovate. Rac. in pairs,

stalked, generally with 2.1L. at the base. In-
ternal border of base of Nut with a prominent
appendage. p. 5-7. Iields and rough bunks.
Eng. w. Fr. Bug. hills.

10. lutea. “ Hispid. Stem ascending or
erect. L. oblongo-lanceolate, somewhat den-
ticulate, ciliate. Rac. simple. Nuts incurved,
obtusely beaked, contracted into a neck at the
base. a. 5,6. Corsica.’—Brrt. Alkanna
lutea, DC.; but from Bertoloni’s description,
the seed seems to be that of an Anchusa.

577. LYCOPSIS.

1. arvensis. L. lanceolate, repando-den-
tate. Rac. leafy. Tube of Cor. curved in the
middle. Cal. of Fr. campanulate, erect. a. 6-8.
Fields and uncult.

2. variegata. Ascending. L. oblongo-lan-
ceolate, repando-dentate, calloso-ciliate, bullate.
Tube of Cor. nearly straight. Border oblique,
blue, processes white. a. 2-6. Unceult. It.

3. orientalis. Erect, dichotomous. L.
ovato-oblong, nearly entire ; upper unequal at
base, semiamplexicaul. Race. leaty. Cor. d/ue.
Tube curved below middle. a. Corn. Ver-
viers (probably brought in with the wool).

578. BORRAGO.

1. officinalis. Branched. L. ovate. Fi.
in 2 rows pointing one way. Cor. rotate, with
emarginate valves. Stem single, erect. a.
5-9. Uneult.

2. laxiflora. Rac. simple, lax. Fl.-stalks
very long. Cor. somewhat campanulate, cal-
lous at the base of lobes. LL. oblong, eroso-
denticulate. Stems many, decumbent. a.
5, 6. Motst hills. Cors. Sard.

LXIX. SOLANACEA.

Calyx and Corolla 5-cleft, inferior.

Stamens 5, alternating with the segments of corolla.

Germen of 2 cells and many seeds, attached to thick placentas in the middle of the dissepiment.

Albumen fleshy. Embryo curved.

Tribe 1. SOLANEH. § Fruit a berry.
579. LYCIUM.

All the species found in Europe are more
or less spinescent.

1. afrum. L. linear, attenuate. Fl. droop-

ing. Stalks longer than calyx. Tube of Cor.
4 or 5 times as long as calyx. Border short.
Stamens bearded at base, included. SS. 4-6
and in Autumn. Lecce.

2. europeum. LL. lanceolate, attenuate.
Fl. erect. Tube of Cor. twice as long as
border. Stamens not bearded, exceeding tube.

21

258 579. LYCIUM.

S. 5, 6 and in Autumn.
Italy, adr. G.

3. barbarum. L. subrhombeo-ovate or
lanceolate, attenuate. Tube of Cor. equal to
border. S. 6, 7. Planted in hedges and
escapes. L. ovatum and L. lanceolatum are
said also to occur occasionally in hedges in
Italy.

Hedges. s. France.

580. SOLANUM.

1. villosum. Root annual. Stem angular.
L. villous, Rac. simple. Fr.-stalks thickened
upwards. Berry yellow. a. 7-9. Rubbish.
s. Europe.

B. miniatum. Berry red. L. less villous.

2. nigrum. Root annual. Stem angular.
L. nearly smooth. Rac. simple. Fr.-stalks
thickened upwards. Berry black. a. 7-9.
Rubbish.

B. ochroleucum. Berry green.
y. humile. Berry waxen yellow.

6. stenopetalum. Segm. of Cor. long and

narrow.

In this species and the preceding the L.
vary from triangular to rhomboid, ovate, or
even oblong, but are always, I believe, some-
what cuneate at the base. They are in all
the varieties more or less sinuate or repando-
dentate, and the stem in all is sometimes
winged and sometimes merely angular, and
with or without setaceous teeth.

3. moschatum. “ Stem herbaceous, un-
armed. Branches angular, pubescent. LL.
ovate, dentato-angular, somewhat rough, ciliate.
Rac. separate from L., nodding. Berries
black. p. or w. 5-9. Sic.’—Guss. Consi-
dered by Bert.as a perennial var. of S. vigrum.

4. Dulcamara. Stem woody, flexuose. L.
ovato-cordate, smooth ; upper hastato-tripar-
tite. Corymb opposite L. Rac. cyme-like.
w. 6,7. Hedges.

B. marimum. Stem prostrate, angular. Very

few hastate L.

5. Pseudo-capsicum. Woody. L. ob-
fongo-lanceolate, somewhat repand, smooth.
Stalks usually 1-flowered, separate from L.
w. Said to be naturalized at the village of
Arette in Béarn.

6. sodomeum. Woody. Straight, subu-
late Prickles on stem, L., and calyx. L. some-
what pinnatifido-sinuate. Corymb few-flowered.
w. 4-9. Dry. Terrac. Pomp. Sic. Sard.

Besides these, we find in the S. of Hur., in

field cultivation, §. Melongena, with ovate,
downy L., and a long, ovoid, pendulous fruit ;
S. insanum, with ovate, downy L. and prickles ;
S. Lycopersicum (Love-apple), with pinnate
and incise L., anda large, irregular, depressed
fruit; and S. ¢uberoswm (Potato), with pin-
nate L. and entire Lts., a small globose fruit,
and tuberous root.

581. PHYSALIS.

Stem shrubby, terete.
Branches straight. L. ovate, entire. Fl. fas-
cicled, axillary. S. 5-7. Pal., Term., and
Cat. in Sicily. Orosei, Sard.

2. edulis. Downy. Stems somewhat shrub-
by, terete. L. cordate, somewhat repand or
entire. Fl. solitary. Berries smooth, pen-
dulous. w.5, 6. Isl. Phoenicusa.

3. Alkekengi. Herbaceous. L. in pairs,
ovate, acute, entire or dentate. Fl. solitary,

1. somnifera.

stalked. Cal. of Fr. coloured. p. 5. Dry
hills and vineyards, ¥r. G. It.
582. ATROPA.

l. Belladonna. Stem erect. IL. oval,

Fl. solitary, axillary, on long stalks.
Eng. Fr. G. Sw. It.

entire.
p. 5,6. Shade.

583. MANDRAGORA.

1. vernalis. L. broadly ovate, the pri-
mary very obtuse, the later acute. Cal. soli-
tary. Segm. ovate, acute, shorter than globose
berry. p. 3,4. Silva dei Nordi at Lodi.

2. officinarum. IL. ovate: primary ob-
tuse; later acuminate. Segm. of Cal. lanceo-
late, acuminate, as long as oblong berry. p.
Autumn and sometimes in April. Cal. Sic.

3. microcarpa. LL. oblongo-lanceolate :
primary obtuse; later acuminate. Segm. of
Cal. lanceolato-linear, with long acumen, longer’
than globose berry. p.10, 11. Sard.

Tribe Il. VERBASCEA. Fruit a capsule.
584. RAMONDIA.

L. villous above, covered
p. 7. Shady

l. pyrenaica.
beneath with brown wool.
rocks. Pyr.

585. NICOTIANA.

1. auriculata. LL. ovate or oblong, acu-

SOLANACE/S, 259

minate, attenuate, with auricle on each side of
stalk. Tube of Cor. slender, twice calyx.
Segm. acuminate. p.5. Nat. Orosei, Sard.

9. rustica. L. ovate, stalked, entire. Tube
of Cor. equalling calyx. Segments of Border
obtuse. a. 7, 8. Nat. Cavallino near
Venice.

586. DATURA.

1. ferox. L. ovate, unequally sinuato-den-
tate. Caps. oblong, erect. Spines thick; the
uppermost large and converging. a. 7, 8.
Rich. Messina.

2. Stramonium. L. ovate, unequally sinu-
ato-dentato. Caps. oblong, erect. | Spines
numerous, nearly equal. a. 6-9. Rich. Hng.
Fr. G. It.

B. Tatula. Stem, Stalks and Nerves of L.,

Cal., and Cor., tinged with violet.

3. Metel. Pubescent. lL. ovate, acute,
nearly entire. Caps. globose, cernuous, with
short and remote spines. a. Spring. Sandy.
Messina. Flumendosa Ballau im Sard.

4. levis. L. ovate, hairless, angulato-den-

tate. Caps. erect, without spines. a. 6-9.
Palermo.
587. HYOSCYAMUS.
1. niger. LL. oblong, acuminate, with

coarse, acute teeth ; upper sessile, amplexicaul.
Fl. approximate, nearly sessile. Caps. secund.
a.b. 5-8. Rich.

2. albus. LL. ovate, sinuato-dentate or
lobed; all stalked. Fl. distant, nearly sessile.
Cal. with many strie. a. b. 5, 6. Lich.
mdt. Fr. It. Istria.

3. aureus. L. stalked, dentate, acute. Fl.
stalked. Fruit droopmg. b. ich. Nice?
Montp.? Narbonne. Bert. unites this to H.
albus.

4, auriculatus. L. ovato-oblong, dentate.
Stalks of the lower auricled at base! a. 5.
Mountains. e. of Naples.

588. SCOPOLINA.

1. atropoides. Cor. tubuloso-campanulate.
Fl. brown and shining externally, dull within.
p. 4,5. Shade. Carn.

2. viridiflora. Cor. obovato-campanulate,
green. p. 4,5. Mountain woods. Mt. Schem-
lje, Carniola.

a]

589. VERBASCUM.

A. Anthers decurrent.
i. L. decurrent to below next L. Sp.1, 2.
ii. L. decurrent, but not to below next L.
a. Anthers shortly decurrent. Sp. 3.
b. Anthers very decurrent. Sp. 4-8.
iii. L. not decurrent. Flowers yellow.
Hairs of Filaments purple. Sp. 9-11.
B. Anthers all reniform, nearly equal.
i. Raceme nearly simple. Sp. 12-17.
ii. Raceme panicled.
a. Flowers nearly sessile. Sp. 18, 19.
b. Stalks at least as long as calyx.
* Hairs of Filaments white. Sp.
20-28.
** Hairs of Filaments purple. Sp.
24, 25.

iii. Flowers axillary, solitary. Sp. 26.

A. Anthers decurrent on the two longer Fula-
ments.

i. L. decurrent to below next L., forming
3-5 wings to stalk.

1. Thapsus. Woolly, soft. Longer Fil.
four times as long as shortly decurrent anthers.
Cor. twice calyx. Throat concave. Rac. spike-
like. L, elliptic. b. 6-9. Uneult.

2. thapsiforme. Soft, woolly. Longer
Fil. twice as long as very decurrent anthers.
Cor. four times calyx, nearly flat. Rac. spike-
like. LL. elliptic. b. 7,8. Uncult. m. and
s. Europe.

ii. L. decurrent, but not below next L.
a. Anthers shortly decurrent.

3. montanum. Wool yellowish. Cor.
twice calyx. Throat concave. Rac. spike-
like. Root-L. obvato-oblong. b. 7, 8. Warm
woods. Vall.

b. Anthers very decurrent.

4. Bertolonii. Wool yellowish. Cor. four
times calyx, rotate. Rac. rather lax, spike-
like. LL. ovato-oblong. Wings cuneate. b.
7-9. Apenn.

'5. phlomoides. Wool yellow. Div. of
Cor. round, four times calyx. Rac. nearly
simple. Fl. in remote tufts on short stalks.
Hairs of Anthers whitish. L. woolly on both
sides. Root-L. oblong, stalked ; upper some-
what decurrent, the ring rounded. b. 6-8.
Fr. G. It.

2

4

260 589. VERBASCUM.

6. viminale.
cose and deciduous. Div. of Cal. acute, at
last smooth. Rac. somewhat lax at base.
Hairs of Fil. whitish. Root-L. oblong, at-
tenuate, green above. Wings obtuse. b. 5,
6. Shores. Stem so flexible that tt rs used
Sor bands in Iapygia.

7. densiflorum. Wool yellow. Div. of
Cor. rounded, three times calyx. Rac. spike-
like, somewhat interrupted at base. Hairs of
Fil. whitish. 1. ovate, nearly naked above:
lower oblongo-lanceolate, on short stalks, incise
at base; upper descending in short, wedge-
like wings. b. 6-8. Slate quarries on the
top of the Brucciana. Query if distinct from
V. Bertoloni.

8. longifolium. Tomentum yellowish.
Cor. three times calyx. Divisions oblong,
obtuse. Rac. somewhat branched: the
lower Clusters spike-like. (Hairs of shorter
Fil. purplish at base, Guss.) Root-L. oblongo-
lanceolate, very long, rounded at base and
hardly decurrent. b.7, 8. Mountain pas-
tures. Umbria.

iii. L. not decurrent. Anthers very decur-
rent. Flowers yellow. Hairs of Filaments
purple.

9. virgatum. Hairy and somewhat viscid.
Fl. axillary, sessile or on short stalks ; lower
clustered. Rac. long, nearly simple. LL. ob-
longo-lanceolate. | Root-L. somewhat lyrate.
Stem-L. sometimes slightly decurrent, un-
equally-dentate. b. 7,8. Eng. n. Fr. It.

10. Blattaria. Fl. solitary, on long stalks.
3 Stamens nearly alike. Div. of Cal. acute.
L. oblong. Root-L. stalked, sometimes sinu-
ato-pinnatifid. Stem-L. amplexicaul, rarely
somewhat decurrent. b. 6, 7. Moist gra-
velly. occ.

li. repandum. Smooth, or with a few
viscid hairs, Pan. rod-like. Fl.-stalks soli-
tary. Upper Stamens very small. Div. of
Cal. obtuse. Lower L. oblong, stalked ; upper
small, cordate, amplexicaul. b. 7,8. Clayey
uncult. Sic.

B. Anthers all reniform, and nearly equal.

i. Raceme nearly simple. Stem and L.
covered with soft Tomentum.

12. niveum. Wool very white. Stem
single. Caps. somewhat acute. Segm. of Cal.
ovate, acute. Cor. twice calyx. Wool of Fil.
white. Rac. spike-like, very dense. L. ovato-
oblong ; upper acuminate, somewhat cochleate,

Tomentum somewhat floc- | wings cuneate.

| Caps. ovoideo-oblong.

b. 5-7. Abruzzi and Um-

bria.
13. bicolor. Wool white, loose. Stem
single. Rac. interrupted at base. Hairs of Fil.

purple. Lower L. elliptico-ovate, acute, some-
times pinnato-auriculate at base; upper am-

plexicaul. Caps. obtuse. b. 5-7. e. Liguria,
rare.
14. Boerhavii. Wool white. Stem sin-

gle. Fl. sessile, generally in clusters. Hairs

of Fil. purple. Lower L. oblong or obovate ;
upper cordate, amplexicaul, acuminate. Caps.
obtuse. b. 5,6. s. Fr.s. It.

15. conocarpum. Wool white. Stem

single. Caps. conical, acute, exceeding calyx.
Rae. lax. _L. elliptico-ovate or oblong, nearly
entire. Lower L. somewhat obtuse; upper

acute, amplexicaul. b. 5-7. Marit. rocks.

Bosa, Sardinia.

16. angustifolium. “ Finely tomentose.
Stem single. Rac. crowded. FI. generally
single. Hairs of Fil. white. LL. lanceolate :
lower stalked, obtuse ; upper amplexicaul, acu-
minate, Caps. acute, equalling calyx. b. 6.
Sandy shores. Cal.” —BeErv.

17. simplex. Stems many, from a woody
root. Rac. simple, interrupted. Fl. clustered,
nearly sessile. Hairs of Fil. white. LL. ovate
or oblong; upper sessile, amplexicaul. (w.
Bent.) (b. Bert.) 5,6. Monte Gargano.
Calabria.

ii. Raceme panicled.
a. Flowers nearly sessile. Stem and L. woolly.

18. mucronatum. Very white. Pan.
with long divaricate branches. Fl. im remote,
globose clusters. Root-L. thick, broad, oblong,
crenate or somewhat sinuate; upper cordate,
amplexicaul, decurrent. Port Juvenal. Seeds
brought with the wool.

19. sinuatum. Yellowish. Pan. pyra-
midal. Clusters lax, remote, many-flowered.
Root-L. oblong, sinuato-pinnatifid, somewhat
undulate; upper cordate, amplexicaul, sub-
decurrent. b. 6-9. Dry. s. Fr. It. Istr.

b. Hower-stalks at least as long as ealyx.
Stem and L. woolly.
* Hairs of Filaments white.

20. speciosum. Tomentum somewhat
floccose on both sides of L. Branches of Pan.
very long. Clusters generally many-flowered.
Root-L. thick, long
oblong, attenuate imto stalk ; upper sessile,

SOLANACEZ.

sometimes cordate, amplexicaul. b. 7, 8. Grassy
hills and openings in woods. lower Austr.

21. Gussonii. “Greenish, tomentoso-
pulverulent. Lower L. stalked, obovato-oblong,
sinuato-duplicato - dentate; uppermost ovate,
acuminate, denticulate, somewhat decurrent.
Rac. pyramidal. Clusters scattered, many-
flowered. b. 5, 6. Sandy hills. On Rio Nisi,
Sicily.’—Guss.

22. pulverulentum. Floccose on both
sides of L. Stem terete. Branches somewhat
angular. Pan. spreading. Clusters many-flow-
ered. Cal. small. Div. narrow lanceolate.
Lower L. attenuate; upper sessile, sometimes
amplexicaul. b. 7,8. Open hills and un-
cult. Rare in Eng.

23. Heychnitis. Mealy. L. greenish abcve:
lower attenuate; upper sessile. Stem angu-
lar. Pan. pyramidal. Branches erecto-patent.
Clusters many-flowered. £7. white or yellow.
b. 6-8. Stony hills.

** Hairs of Filaments purple.

24. Chaixii. Tomentum thin, whitish.
Clusters lax, many-flowered. Lower L. cune-
ate at base, green (somewhat lyrate, KocH) ;
upper sessile, rounded at base. b.6,7. lower
Alps.

25. nigrum. Tomentum thin. Stem an-
gular at top. Rac. nearly simple, long. Clus-
ters lax, many-flowered. Lower L. cordate, on
long stalks; upper nearly sessile, rounded at
base. b. 7,8. Woods and uncult.

ili. Flowers axillary, solitary.

26. pheeniceum. Rac. with glandular
hairs, nearly simple. Stalks many times longer
than calyx. LL. hairless above. Root-L. ovate
or oblong, attenuate. Stem-L. few and small.
b. 6,7. Open hills. e. G. It.

In addition to these, Hybrids are frequently
found, some of which have been described. I
copy the following from Koch :—

a. L. semidecurrent. . Flowers yellow.
* Hairs of Filaments white.

1. Thapso-Lychuitis (spurium, Kocu, ed. 1).
L. hoary withadpressedtomentum. Stemsharply
angular at top. Anthers equal, not decurrent.
All Fil. woolly. b. 7,8. Uneult. hills. Offen-
bach in the Palat.

2. thapsiformi-Lychnitis (ramigerum, SCHR.)
L. hoary with adpressed tomentum. Stem
sharply angular at top. Fl.-stalks clustered,
longer than calyx. All Fil. woolly. Anthers

261

unequal: the longer decurrent. b. 6,7. Pas-
tures and uneult. G. oce.

** Hairs of Filaments purple.
3. thapsiformi-floccosum (nothum, Kocu,
ed. 1). Stem terete. Clusters many-flowered.
Hairs of Fil. white, or the longer ones purple.

Anthers of longer Fil. somewhat decurrent.
b. 7, 8. Uncult. Maintz.

4. Thapso-nigrum (collinum, Scur.). Stem
acutely angular at top. Clusters of about 5
flowers, on stalks as long as calyx. Anthers
equal. All Fil. with purple wool. b. 7, 8.
Stony shade. G. oce.

5. thapsiformi-nigrum (adulterinum, Koc).
Upper L. cuspidate. Stem acutely angular at
top. Clusters of 5—7 flowers, on stalks as long
as calyx. Anthers of longer Fil. decurrent. All
Fil. with purple wool. b. 7, 8. Pastures and
gravel. G. occ.

Flowers reddish-
Hairs of Filaments purple.

6. Thapso-pheniceum (versiflorum, SCHR.).
Stem terete. Stalks of FI. half as long again as
calyx ; of Fr. nearly three times aslong. An-
thers of longer Fil. somewhat decurrent. b.
7,8. Uncult. Prague.

e. L. not decurrent. Flowers wm clusters.

7. Lychnitidi -floccosum (pulverulentum,
Viu.?). L. slightly tomentose above, densely
beneath ; upper sessile. Branches and upper
part of Stem obtusely angular. Rac. panicled.
Hl. in clusters, yel/ow. Spreading Hairs of Fil.
white. b. 7,8. Uneult. Als. and Maintz.

8. nigro-floccosum (schottianum, Scur.). L.
crenate, tomentose on both sides. Root-L.
ovali-cblong, stalked. Upper Stem-L. cordate,
semiamplexicaul. Rac. panicled. Fl. in clus-
ters, yellow. Stalks twice as long as calyx.
Hairs of Fil. purple. b. 7, 8. Uneult. G. occ.

9. nigro-Lychnitis (Schiedianum, Koc).
Lower L. obtuse at base, contracted into a long
stalk. Stem sharply angular at top. Rac. long.
Fl. in clusters, yed/ow. Stalk twice as long
as calyx. Hairs of Fil. purple. G. oce.

b. L. shortly decurrent.
brown.

10. xigro-pheniceum (rubiginosum, W.
and K.). Rac. panicled. FI. in clusters, brown.
Stalk many times longer than calyx. Hairs of
Anthers purple. b. 6,7. Felds. Briinnin
Moravia. Montreux on Lake of Geneva.

d. L. not decurrent. Flowers solitary or im
pairs, yellow.

11. Lychuitidi-Blatiaria (pseudo-Blattaria,
Scut.). Branches rod-like, and with Cal, and

262 589. VERBASCUM.

Stalks covered with short bristly hairs. F.-
stalks as long as calyx. Hairs of Fil. violet.
b. 6,7. Uncult. Vall.

590. CHLSIA.

1. ecretica. Anthers of longer Fil. decur-

rent. Fl. nearly sessile. Div. of Cal. broad,
serrate. Lower L. stalked, lyrato-pinnatifid ;
upper amplexicaul, cordate at base. b. 4, 5.
Rocky hills. Sic. Sard.

LXX. SCROPHULARIACE®.

Calyx 4—5-cleft, persistent.

which 2 are longer. Style 1, simple.

1. SCROPHULARINEA.

Corolla of one irregular, inferior petal. Stamens 2, or 4, of
Fruit 2-celled. Placenta central.

—Anthers, according to Koch, of 1 cell, placed

transversely on the Filament, or “obliquely adnate to it. There is usually,

in the only European genus, the Rudiment of a fifth Stamen, and the

Flowers are in centrifugal cymes

2. ANTIRRHINEA.
Inflorescence centripetal

3. RHINANTHEA.—Anthers with a spine or mucro ar Tees

Tribe I. SCROPHULARINEA.

591. SCROPHULARIA.
A. Calyx without a scariose border.

1. vernalis. IL. cordate, acute, downy.
Rae. leafy. Staminode 0. FI. yellow, inflated.
Div. of Cal. oblong, somewhat acute, recurved
at top. b. 5,6. Moist thickets. occ.

2. peregrina. L. cordate, coarsely and
somewhat doubly crenato- serrate, smooth.
Div. of Cal. ovato-lanceolate, acuminate. FI.
dingy purple. Staminode rounded. p. 4, 5.
Thickets and rough. Isty. mdt. Fr. It.

B. Calyx with a scariose border. L. simple,
or, of pinnate, with the terminal Lobe
large and broad.

i. Raceme leafy.

3. mellifera. L. pinnate ; lowest of 7 Lts.;
floral L. of 3. All Lts. ovate, or oblong.
Cymes falling short of floral L., disposed in
a long, leafy raceme. Two broad nectariferous
Glands on the base of corolla. p. 4, 5. Moist
mountains. Sard. Cors.

4. subverticillata. L. lyrate, doubly ser-
rate. Lateral Lts. lanceolate, with smali in-
termediate ones. Floral L. lanceolate, very
small. Cymes very short, in a long interrupted
raceme. p. 5,6. Streams. Sard.

5. trifoliata. Lower L. lyrato-pinnate or
ternate; upper ternate or undivided, the termi-
nal Div. much largest. Cymes about 5-flowered,
nearly sessile. T'l. Jarge, with black glands.
p. 6. Sard. Cors.

—Authers of 2 cells, without an appentage at the base.

. Gen. 591.

. Gen. 592-608.
. Gen. 604-618.

6. pyrenaica. Hirsute. L. broadly cor-
date. Cymes stalked, many-flowered. Stami-
node reniform, quite entire. Cor. yellowish.
p. Rocks. St. Beat and above Haux-bonnes
in Pyrenees.

7. Scorodonia. Hairy. L. ovate or cor-
date, prolonged; lower somewhat triangular.
Bracts subulate. Staminode nearly round.
Cor. brown purple. p. 7. Ivel. Cormw. Jersey.
w. Fr. Nice.

ii. Raceme not leafy, or with only a few L.
at base.

8. alpestris. Hairy. Stem not winged.
L. broadly cordate, toothed. Div. of Cal.
rounded, with narrow margin. Staminode re-
niform. Cor. greenish yellow. p. Pyr.

9. Scopolii. Stem not winged. L. ovate
or cordate, prolonged, dentato-crenate. Div.
of Cal. rounded, with broad margin. Stami-
node round. Cor. greenish. p. b.6, 7. Moun-
tain woods. é. G. Apenn.

10. grandidentata. “Stem not winged.
L. cordato-oblong, downy beneath, deeply and
somewhat doubly toothed. ‘Teeth divergent.
Div. of Cal. rounded ovate. Staminode ob-
cordate. p. ora. 5,6. Shade. Sic.”’—Guss.

11. nodosa. Stem not winged. L. ovate
or cordate, serrate, smooth ; upper acute. Div.
of Cal. broadly ovate. Margin very narrow.
Staminode broad obcordate. Root knotty.
Fl. greenish purple. yp. 6, 7. Morst thickets
and hedges.

SCROPHULARIACEA, 263

12, Ehrharti. Stem and L.-stalks winged.
L. ovate or cordate, serrate, smooth ; upper
acute. Div. of Cal. subrotund. Margin broad.
Staminode 2-lobed. 7. dull purple. p. 7-9.
Wet banks. oce.

13. Neesii. Stem and L.-stalks winged.
Lower L. ovato-oblong, very obtuse; upper
ovate, acute. Div. of Cal. rounded. Margin
broad. Staminode transversely oblong. Cor.
reddish-purple. yp. 7-9. Wet banks. Neu-
wied. Coblentz. Diisseldorf. Mondsee.

14. aquatica. Stem and L.-stalks winged.
Lower L. oblong, cordate at base; upper some-
what ovate, prolonged: all obtuse, crenate,
smooth. Staminode round or somewhat reni-
form. Cor. purple brown. p. 6,7. Wet banks.
Much less common in Ger. than 8. Whrharti.

B. Balbisu. lL. with appendages at the
base.

15. auriculata. Hairy. Stem and stalks
slightly winged. LL. cordato-oblong, crenato-
dentate, with 2-4 appendages at base. Cymes
dense, on short stalks. Div. of Cal. round.
Margin broad. Staminode round. p. Sard.

C. Calyx with scariose border. L. divided.
Veins forked, hardly anastomosing.

i. Staminode round or reniform.

16. laciniata. Smooth. L. inciso-pinna-
tifid, pinnate at base or rarely ovate, inciso-
dentate. Fl.-stalk shorter than calyx. Mar-
gin of Div. of Cal. rather broad. p. 4, 5.
Rocks and walls. Fiume, abundant.

17. lucida. Quitesmooth. L. twice pin-
nate, or pinnate and pinnatifid. Segm. nume-
rous, inciso-dentate. Stalks shorter than calyx.
Div. of Cal. rounded, with broad margin. p.
4,5. K. Nap.

ui. Staminode lineari-lanceolate, sometimes
ending in three Teeth, or wanting.

18. ELoppei. L. smooth, pinnate and bipin-
nate. Segm. incise and dentate. Stalks usually
as long as fruit. Div. of Cal. rounded. Mar-
gin broad. Tube of Cor. not twice as long as
upper lip. b. 7,8. Valleys of calc. moun-
taims. Jura. s. Alps. Umbr. Abr.

/19. canina. Smooth. LL. pinnate, upper
segments wedge-shaped at base, and confluent.
Segm. toothed, incise, or pinnatifid. Stalks
shorter than calyx. . Div. of Cal. with broad
margin. ‘Tube of Cor. three times as long as
upper lip. p. 6, 7. Sandy and gravelly.
s. Europe.

20. ramosissima. Woody, smooth. Pan.
much branched, but the separate cymes very

imperfect. L. pinnate or bipinnate, acutely
inciso-dentate. Div. of Cal. with broad mar-
gin. p. 4,5. Sard. Cors. Toul. Nice.

Not well known.

21. oblongifolia. “Smooth. Stem4-edged.
L. oblongo-lanceolate, attenuate into stalk, ser-
rate. ‘Terminal Rac. naked. Stalks branched.
p. 7. Sides of streams. Cors.” —BEnTH.

Tribe I. ANZTIRRHINE.
592. ANARRHINUM.

1. bellidifolium. Root oblongo-obovate,
unequally serrate. Stem L. 5-7-partite. Cor.
with a spur. b. 7-9. Open slopes. s. and
w. Fr. Moselle. Geneva. n. It.

593. ANTIRRHINUM.

A. Seeds compressed.

1. Orontium. Div. of Cal. exceeding co-
rola. Caps. ovoid, very oblique. L. lanceo-
late, or oblongo-linear. a. 7-9. Fields.

8. grandiflorum, L. wider. FI. larger and
nearer together. Cal. hardly exceeding
corolla. It.

B. Seeds ovoid, pitted.

2. siculum. Lower part smooth. L.
linear or lineari-lanceolate. Rac. lax, many-
flowered. Stalks short. Segm. of Cal. ovato-
lanceolate, somewhat acute. yp. Nearly all the
year. Rheg. Pal.

3. tortuosum. Smooth. L. linear. Rac.
interrupted. Stalks shorter than calyx, some-
what clustered. Segm. of Cal. oblongo-ovate.
p. 4,5. Walls and maritime rocks. Fréjus.
Rome. Sic.

4, majus. L. oblongo-lanceolate, smooth.
Raceme many-flowered, glanduloso-pubescent.
Stalks short. Segm. of Cal. broadly ovate. p.
6-8. Walls and stony. s.e. G.s. Fr. It.

5. latifolium. Hairy. L. ovate or ovato-
lanceolate. Rac. lax, glanduloso-pubescent.
Stalks longer than calyx. Segm. of Cal. ovali-

elliptic, obtuse. p. 9,10. s.e. Fr. Neuf-
chatel.
6. molle. Villous. L. broadly ovate. Fl.

on stalks; the lower axillary. Div. of Cal.
broadly lanceolate. Caps. ovato-globose. p.
Rocks. . Valleys of e. Pyr,

264 593. ANTIRRHINUM.

7. sempervirens. Woody. L. of bar-
ren Branches suborbicular; others ovate or ob-
long. Stalks longer than calyx ; the lower ax-
illary. Div. of Cal. lanceolate or ovato-lan-
ceolate, somewhat acute. w. 7, 8. Cale.
rocks. e. Pyr.

GC. Stems flagelliform. L. palminerved.

8. Asarina. Villous and viscid. L. broadly
cordate, on long stalks. p. Cale. rocks. Pyv.
Cev. Lig.

594. LINARIA.

A. Stems flagelliform. Mouth closed.
i. Sp. 1-6.
ii. L. penninerved. Sp. 7-12.
B. Stems not flagelliform.
i. Mouth of Corolla closed with a palate.
a. Stems erect.
raceme.
* Seeds 3-edged, not bordered.
+ Barren Shoots 0 or very short.
Sp. 18-15.
+t Barren Shoots long and nume-
rous. Sp. 16-21.
** Seeds flat, bordered.
+ Barren Shoots 0 or short. Sp.
22-24.
+t Barren Shoots long and nume-
rous. Sp. 25-28.
b. Stems decumbent. Margin of Seeds
broad. Sp. 29-81.
c. Stems bushy. Margin of Seeds nar-
row. Sp. 382-84.
d. Stems diffuse. No Margin to Seeds.
Sp. 35-37.
ii. Mouth of Corolla open. Sp. 38-41.

A. Stems flagelliform. Mouth of Corolla
closed by a projecting palate. Flowers so-
litary, axillary, stalked. L. all stalked.

i. L. palminerved. Plant perennial.

1. hepaticifolia. Hairless. L. reniform,
indistinctly lobed. Div. of Cal. linear, some-
what acute, exceeding capsule. Spur shorter
than tube of corolla. p. 6,7. Stony. Cors.

2. Cymbalaria. Hairless. LL. cordato-
reniform, distinctly lobed. Div. of Cal. lineari-
lanceolate, acute. Spur shorter than tube of
corolla. p. 6-8. Rocks and old walls.

3. zequitriloba. Hairy. L. cordato-reni-
form, with 3 or rarely 5 distinct lobes. Div.

L. palminerved.

Flowers in a terminal

of Cal. lineari-lanceolate, shorter than capsule.
Spur shorter than tube of corolla. p. 6, 7.
Stony woods. Cors. Sard. Gorgonia.

4, pilosa. Hairy. L. cordato-reniform,
7—11-lobed, rarely 5-lobed. Div. of Cal. nar-
row lanceolate, somewhat acute, shorter than
capsule. Spur shorter than tube of corolla. p.
5-7. Moist shady rocks. \. Nap. Sic. Sard.

5. pallida. Hairy. L. cordato-reniform,
with 8—5 rounded lobes. Div. of Cal. lineari-
lanceolate, somewhat acute. Spur longer than
tube of corolla. p. 7, 8. Mountains. Abruzzi.

6. acutangula. Quite smooth. L. cor-
dato-reniform, 5—9-lobed. Div. of Cal. linear,
acute, shorter than capsule. Spur as long as
tube of corolla. wp. Stony. K. Nap.

ii. L. penninerved. Plants annual.

7. spuria. Seeds with winding furrows.
Div. of Cal. ovato-lanceolate : outer cordate at
base; upper F'l.-stalks much longer than L.,

hairy. L. broadly ovate, entire. a. 7-9.
Fields.
§. Elatine. Seeds with winding furrows.

FL.-stalks
1. ovato-hastate. a.

Div. of Cal. lanceolate, very acute.
exceeding L., hairless.
7-9. Fields.

9. Prestandrez. ‘Stems procumbent.
Lower L. ovate, opposite ; others hastate. Fl.
axillary, on long stalks. Stalks slender, nearly
smooth, spreading, exceeding L. Div. of Cal.
lanceolate, as long as capsule. Seeds pitted.
a. 8,9. Morst coasts. Sic. Fl. large, as in
L. greeca.’—Bentu. LL. commutata of Kock
zs put by Bentham with Hlatine, but it appears
to me to be this plant. I add Koch's cha-
racter :—

commutata. WL. hastate; lower obovate.
Spur somewhat hooked. F.-stalks smooth.
a. 8,9. Fields. Istria. Isl. of Brioni.

10. cirrhosa. Seeds tubercled. Div. of
Cal. lineari-lanceolate, acute. FV. much smaller
than those of L. Hlatine. FI.-stalks far exceed-
ing L., hairless. IL, hastato-sagittate, narrow.
a. 5-7. s. Fr. It.

ll. greeca. Seeds tubercled. Div. of Cal:
linear, very acute. £7. much larger than. those
of L. Elatine. F'l.-stalks far exceeding L. L.
ovato-hastate. a. 7-9. s. Hur.

12. alsinifolia. Seeds tubercled. Div.
of Cal. lineari-lanceolate, very acute. Fl.-stalk
falling short of L.-stalk. L. ovate, cordate, or
hastate. a. Sard. and islands between Sard.
and Cors.

SCROPHULARIACE A.

B. HMowering-stems not flagelliform.

i. Mouth of Corolla closed with a palate.
a. Stems erect. Flowers in a terminal raceme.
* Seeds 3-edged, not bordered.

+ Barren shoots 0 or very short.

13. triphylla. L. mostly in threes, ovate
or oval. Fl. sessile in a dense spike, some-
times interrupted at base. Div. of Cal. oblong,
or ovato-lanceolate. a. 5. Dry hills. Sic.
Sard. Genoa.

14. genistifolia. L. scattered, lanceolate,
acute, sessile or semiamplexicaul. Fl. nume-
rous, stalked, distant. Div. of Cal. lanceolate,
acute. p.7. Dry hills. s. e. G.

15. linifolia. L. scattered, lineari-lanceo-
late or linear, acute. FI. numerous, stalked.
Div. of Cal. acuminate, on a broad base. op.
Sea-shore. s.e. lt. Not in Bert.

++ Barren Shoots long and numerous.

16. aparineides. Stem erect; upper part
naked. lL. linear or subulate. ac. villous.
Fi.-stalks about as long as calyx. Div. of Cal.
linear, somewhat obtuse and slightly mem-
brancus on margin. Stigmacloven. p. 2—7.
Cal. Sic.

17. versicolor. L. scattered, linear. Rac.
lax, downy. Fil.-stalks longer than calyx. Div.
of Cal. oblongo-linear, somewhat obtuse. Mar-

gin membranous. Stigma 2-lobed. a. 6, 7.
Mont d’Or.
18. spartea. TFlowering-stem branched.

L. scattered, lineari-subulate. Fl.-stalks much
longer than calyx. Div. of Cal. linear or lineari-
lanceolate, acute. Stigma 2-lobed. a. or b.
Sandy. s. w. Fr.

19. chalepensis. Smooth. Fl. distant,
on very short stalks. Div. of Cal. linear, as
long or longer than corolla. Spur very slender,
many times longer than tube. Stigma nearly
entire. lL. linear. a. 5-7. Stony fields.
Mtp. Fiume. Cors. Sic. s. It.

20. purpurea. Flowering-stem branched,
quite smooth. Rac. long. Stalks somewhat
longer than calyx. Div. of Cal. linear, acute.
Spur curved, longer than tube. Stigma nearly
entire. JL. linear or lineari-lanceolate. op. ?
6,7. Vineyards. Sic. s. It.

21. striata. Smooth. Rac. at last, long.
Stalks somewhat longer than calyx. Div. of
Cal. linear or lineari-lanceolate, acute. Spur
of Cor. conical, hardly exceeding tube. Segm.

2M

265

of upper Lip broad, hardly exceeding palate.
Stigma nearly entire. L. linear or lineari-su-
bulate. p. 7, 8. Uneult. w. and s. Hur.
Hardly in G.

** Seeds flat, bordered.
+ Barren Shoots short or 0.

22. vulgaris. L. scattered, linear, some-
what acute, approximate. Fl. stalked, crowded.
Div. of Cal. oblongo-lanceolate, 3-nerved, acute.
Capsule ovoideo-cylindrical. Disc of Seeds
rough. p. 7-9. Ields and uncult.

B. speciosa. Less branched. Cor. twice as
large. Monte Gargano.

y. Bauhini. L. much broader, somewhat
3-nerved. Vall. Tyr.

23. italica. LL. scattered, lineari-lanceo-
late. Fl.-stalked, crowded. Div. of Cal. li-
neari-lanceolate, acute, nerveless. Caps. ovoi-
deo-globose. Seeds generally rough in the
middle. p. 7-9. Rough uncult. s. side of Alps.

24. edora. L. scattered, lineari-subulate,
somewhat fleshy. Fl. distant, on short stalks.
Div. of Cal. oval, oblong, or lanceolate, some-
what blunt. Caps. globose. Seeds smooth.
p. 6,7. Sandy shores. Pom. Cal. ?

+1 Barren Shoots long and numerous.

25. pelisseriana. Lower L. and those of
barren shoots in fours; of Flowering-stems
linear. Div. of Cal. exceeding the didymous
capsule. Spur of Cor. much longer than tube.
Seeds with pectinato-ciliate margin. a. 5, 6.
Fields and uncult. s. and w. Eur.

26. micrantha. Lower L. verticillate; of
Flowering-stem oblongo-lanceolate. Div. of
Cal. oblongo-linear, falling somewhat short of
capsule. Spur of Cor. short, curved. Margin
of Seeds entire. a. 3,4. Coasts of Cal. Sard.

27. arvensis. Lower L. in fours; of
Flowering-stem linear. Div. of Cal. oblongo-
linear, shorter than capsule. Spur of Cor.
short, curved. Margin of Seeds broad, entire.
Cor. pale blue, with darker lines: upper Lip
flat. Palate-whitish, with net-work of purple
ves. a 7,8. Sandy fields.

28. simplex. Lower L. in fours; of Flow-
ering-stem linear. Div. of Cal. somewhat ob-
tuse; lower shorter than obovate capsule.
Spur of Cor. short, curved. Margin of Seeds
broad, entire. Cor. yellowish, with tender violet
lines. Sides of upper Lip reflexed. Palate
saffron, veinless. a. 7, 8. Fields. Liége.
Ziwich. Coasts of Mdt.

266 594. LINARIA.

b. Stems decumbent. Margin of Seeds broad.

29. thymifolia. L. mostly in threes, obo-
vate or oblong. Fl.-stalks very short. Div.
of Cal. oblongo-spatulate ; the upper one some-
what larger. a.5, 6. Sandy shores. s. w. Fr.

30. alpina. LL. mostly in fours, linear or
lineari-lanceolate. F'l.-stalks about as long as
calyx. Div. of Cal. linear, acute, somewhat
shorter than capsule. Spur as long as corolla.
a. b. 7, 8. Stony, and gravel of torrents.
Alps. Pyr. Abr.

31. supina. L. mostly scattered, lear.
Fl.-stalks shorter than calyx. Div. of Cal.
linear or lineari-spatulate. Spur about as long
as corolla. p.5. Walls and sandy. Fr.

c. Stems erect, bushy. Margin of Seeds
NATTOW,

32. glauca. Glaucous, smooth. L. nar-
row linear, somewhat fleshy. Stalks shorter
than calyx. Div. of Cal. linear. Spur slender,
nearly as long as corolla. a. elds. It.?
—DC.

33. arenaria. Viscido-pubescent. LL. ob-
long, or the upper lineari-lanceolate. F'l.-stalks
very short. Div. of Cal. lneari-lanceolate,
acute. Cor. small. Spur very short. a. 7, 8.
Sandy shore. Brittany.

34. Candollii. Viscido-pubescent. L. ob-
long, or ovato-lanceolate, somewhat acute. Fl.-
stalks very short. Div. of Cal. ovate, somewhat
acute. Cor. with 2 spots. a.5, 6. Maritime
rocks. Brest. Rochelle.

d. Stems diffuse. Seeds ovoid, without a margin.

35. reflexa. Smooth, much branched. L.
ovate, obovate or oblong, mucronate. F'l.-stalks
many times longer than calyx ; in Fr. reflexed.
Div. of Cal. lanceolate, acute. Spur long, slen-
der, curved. a. 2-4. Lelds. s. It. Sard. Sic.

36. flava. Smooth. Lower L. ovate or
ovato-oblong ; upper oblongo-linear. Fl. in a
short raceme, on very short stalks. Div. of
Cal. oblong, obtuse. Spur nearly equal to
corolla. a. 4, 5. Sandy shores. Cors. e. Sard.

37. capraria. Smooth, glaucous. L. li-
near, crowded. Fl.-stalks hardly shorter than

calyx. Div. of Cal. lineari-lanceolate, very
acute. Spur shorter than corolla. p. 6, 7.
Rocks and walls. Isl. Capraja, abundant.
Ischia.

ii. Mouth of Corolla open. Flowers axillary
or in lax racemes, Seeds furrowed.

38. origanifolia. Perennial, diffuse. L.

oblong or ovate, on short stalks : lower opposite ;
upper alternate. Ir.-stalks exceeding L. Div.
of Cal. lineari-oblong, villous. Seeds oblongo-
ovoid. p.6,7. Rocks and woods. s. France.

39. rubrifolia. Annual, erect. Lower
L. ovate, opposite, approximate ; upper smaller,
few, oblong, alternate. Div. of Cal. lineari-

spatulate. Ribs of the Seeds tubercled. a. 6.
Dry rocks. widt. France. Sardinia. Sicily.
Amiternum.

40. minor. Annual, erect. L. oblongo-
linear, obtuse, almost all alternate. F.-stalks
two or three times as long as calyx. Div. of
Cal. lineari-spatulate. a. 7-9. elds.

41. littoralis. Annual, erect. L. oblong
or lineari-oblong, mostly alternate. Fl.-stalks
usually shorter than calyx. Div. of Cal. ob-
tuse, usually exceeding corolla. a. 6, 7. Shores.
Fiume. Istria.

Not well known.

42. pretermissa. Resembles L. minor,
but the Mouth of Cor. is closed, and the upper
Lip straight. a. elds. Near Orléans.

595. GRATIOLA.

l. officinalis. LL. sessile, lanceolate, 3-
nerved, entire at base. Stalks axillary, 1-flow-
ered. p. 7, 8. Moist meadows. m. and s.
Europe.

596. LINDERNIA.

1. Pyxidaria. Procumbent. L. oblongo-
ovate, entire, 3-nerved, sessile. Stalks 1-flow-
ered. a. 7-9. Inundated. Fr. G.n. It. oee.

597. SIBTHORPIA.

1. europzea. Prostrate, rooting, hairy.
L. veniformi-subrotund, Fl. small, on very
short stalks. p. 6-9. Moist banks. w. Eur,

598. LIMOSELLA.

1. aquatica. L. lineari-spatulate, on long
stalks. Div. of Cor. oyali-oblong, much shorter
than tube of calyx. a. 7, 8. Inundated, occ.

599. ERINUS.

1. alpinus. Corymb simple, afterwards
racemose. IL. spatulate, crenate at the end.
p- 5-7. Stony, among mountains. Sw. s.
France.

SCROPHULARIACEA. 267

600. WULFENIJA.

1. earinthiaca. L. oblong, doubly cre-
nate or somewhat lobed, attenuate. Stalks
much shorter than calyx. p.7. V. of Gail-
thal. upper Carinthia.

601. DIGITALIS.

A. Tube about as long as middle division of
lower lip of corolla.

1. ferruginea. Cor. broadly campanu-
late. Middle Div. of lower Lip and Div. of
Cal. very obtuse: the latter with broad mem-
branous margin. L. oblongo-lanceolate, smooth.
b. 7,8. Warm stony. Carn. adr. G.

2. leevigata. Smooth. Middle Div. of
lower Lip of broadly campanulate Cor., and
Div. of Cal. acuminate. L. lanceolate, remotely
denticulate, somewhat ciliate. p. or b. 7.
Stony hills. Inner Carn. Fiume.

B. Tube twice as long as middle division of
lower lip of corolla.

3. grandiflora. Cor. broadly campanu-
late, glanduloso-pubescent. Div. of Cal. lan-
ceolate, acute. L. oblongo-lanceolate, serrulate,
ciliate. Cor. yed/ow, with net-work internally
of brown veins. p. 6, 7. Stony hilis. m. Eur.

4. purpurea. Cor. broadly campanulate,
externally quite smooth. Div. of Cal. ovate,
acuminate. I. ovato-lanceolate, crenate, downy
beneath. b. 7,8. Woods and thickets.

5. Thapsi. “Stem-L. lanceolate, serrate or
nearly entire, shortly decurrent, downy beneath.
Lower Stalks longer than calyx. p. 5, 6.
Moist hills. Sard. Cors.”—Bert.

6. purpurascens. Cor. tubuloso-cam-
panulate, externally smooth. Middle Div. twice
as long as the lateral Div. of calyx, ovato-lan-
ceolate (8-nerved, Koc). LL. lanceolate, ser-
rulate. b. 6-8. Porphyritic mountains.
Rhine. Vosges.

7. lutea. Cor. tubular, smooth externally.
Middle Div. half as long again as lateral. Div.
of Cal. lanceolate, acute (1-nerved, Kocu).
L. lanceolate, denticulate. b. 6-8. Calc.
hills. m. and s. Eur.

media appears to be a hybrid between D.
grandiflora and D. lutea.

Suscescens, between D. grandiflora and la-
vigata ; but there seems nothing in the deserip-
tion to distinguish it from D. grandiflora, ex-
cept that the L. are small and remotely denti-
culate, instead of serrated.

|
2M

602. PAUIDEROTA.

1. Ageria. Div. of Cor. erect, exceeding
stamens. Div. of Cal. lineari-lanceolate. Lower
L. ovate. p.6,7. Cale. rocks. Sty. Carn.

2. Bonarota. Div. of Cor. somewhat
spreading, shorter than stamens. Diy. of Cal.
lineari-subulate. Lower L. orbicular. p. 6, 7.
Alps of lower Sty., Carinthia, and n. It.

603. VERONICA.

A. Raceme spike-like, terminal. Sp. 1-3.
B. Raceme spike-like, lateral. Sp. 4, 5.
G. Raceme at first corymbose, lateral.

i. Calyx 4-partite.

a. Valves of Fruit bipartite, separating
at least on one side from placenta.

Sp. 6-9.
b. Valves of Fruit closely adhering to
placenta. Sp. 10-14.

ii. Calyx with a small fifth tooth. Sp.15-17.
D. Corymb terminal.
i. Seeds lenticular or plano-convex.
a. Stem woody at base. Sp. 18, 19.
b. Stem herbaceous, decumbent, peren-
nial. Sp. 20-25.
c. Stems erect, annual.

* Flower-stalk shorter than calyx. Sp.
26-29.
** Flower-stalk longer than calyx.
Sp. 30.

ii. Seeds concave. Sp. 31, 32.

EB. Plants annual. Stems prostrate. Flowers
axillary, solitary. Fruit-stalk recurved.
i. L. not lobed. Sp. 33-86.

ii. L. lobed. Sp. 37, 38.

A. Raceme spike-like, terminal.

Corolla wider than long !

1. paniculata. LL. opposite or ternate,

lanceolate, acute, attenuate into short stalk,

equally and acutely serrate. Stalk longer than
calyx. p. 7. Shade. Halle in Thuringia:

B. teconensis, Pounint. Upper L. linear.

Gravillone. Canton of Tessin.
y. elegans, DC. More slender, and much
branched. L. downy on both sides. Verviers.

Tube of

2. longifolia. L. stalked, opposite or ter-
nate, lanceolate, on a rounded or cordate base,
acute, serrate to the end. Stalk about equal to

O

calyx. p. 7, 8. Mozst meadows. m. and e. Eur.
3. spicata. lL. stalked, opposite, rarely
D)

268 603. VERONICA.

ternate, lanceolate, entire at the end; lower
obtuse. Stalks much shorter than calyx. p.
7,8. Dry sandy. m. ands. Kur.

B. hybrida. Lower L. ovate or somewhat
cordate. Calc. rocks. rare.

B. faceme spike-like, lateral.

4. officinalis. Hairy. Stem procumbeut.
L. oblong, stalked, serrate. Segm. of Cor.
ovate. Caps. compressed, obovato-triangular,
retuse. p. 5-7. Woody hills. Not in Sic.

V. dubia, with only one seed in each cell, is
considered as a variety of this.

5. Allionii. Prostrate, creeping. L. sub-
rotundo-ovate, closely crenulate, smooth, shin-
ing. Segm. of Cor. oblong. Caps. ascending,
emarginate. p. 8. High mountains of Savoy
and Dau. Pyr.? Mts. of Ceresole.

C. Raceme at first corymbose, lateral.
i. Calyx 4-partite.

a. Valves of Fruit bipartite, separating, at
least on one side, from Placenta.

6. Beccabunga. Stem creeping at base.
L. stalked, oval, crenato-serrate, smooth, shin-
ing. Caps. roundish, slightly emarginate. p.
5,6. Wet.

7. pusilia. Smooth. Lower L. elliptic,
somewhat stalked; upper oblongo-lanceolate,
sessile, very rarely amplexicaul, nearly entire.
Pedicels spreading. Caps. broadly ovate, en-
tire. a. ice-grounds. Pdm.—DC.

8. Anagallis. Stem creeping at base. L.
sessile, mostly amplexicaul, lanceolate, acute,
serrate. Cal. shorter than corolla. Caps. sub-
rotund, emarginate. p. 5,6. Wet.

9. anagalloides. Erect. L. sessile, mostly
amplexicaul, narrow lanceolate, acute, hardly
serrate. Pedicels spreading. Caps. elliptic,
obtuse. p. Wet. Montp, (a. 4, 5. Sicily.—
Guss.)

b. Valves of Fruit closely adhering to Pla-
centa.

10. seutellata. Stem creeping at base.
L. sessile, lanceolato-linear, acute, remotely
and backwardly denticulate. Rac. alternate,
few-flowered. Stalks divaricate. Caps. 2-lobed,
broader than long. p. 5-8. Boggy. Not in Sie.

11. urticifolia. Hrect. LL. sessile, ovate ;
upper very acuminate, acutely serrate. Stalks
much longer than calyx. Caps. roundish,
broader than long, emarginate, twice as long
as calyx. p. 5-8. Shady fills. vn. It. G. Fr.

12. Chameedrys. Stem creeping at base,.
marked by two hairy lines. L. nearly sessile,
cordato-ovate, inciso-serrate. Stalks hardly
longer than calyx. Caps. triangulari-obcordate.
p. 4-6. Dry meadows and pastures.

18. montana. Stem creeping at base,
equally pubescent. LL. stalked, ovate, dentate.
Rac. few-flowered. Caps. of 2 roundish, com-
pressed, ciliate lobes. . 5,6. Shade, occ.

14. aphylla. Stem shorter than raceme !
L. obovato-elliptic, on short stalks. Rac. about
4-flowered. Pedicels of Fr. erect, longer than
calyx. Caps. obcordate. p. 6-8. High moun-
tains. Alps. Apenn. Pyr. Sud. .

ii. Calyx with a smaller fifth tooth.

15. austriaca. Ascending. L. uearly ses-
sile, pinnate or pinnatifid. Segm. narrowed at

base. Upper Stalks as long as acutely emar-
ginate capsule. p. 5,6. Dry open hills. s.
G. s. Sw. n. e. It.

16. ‘Teucrium. Ascending. L. sessile;
middle ones rounded or cordate at base, dentate
or somewhat pinnatifid. Stalks erect, about as
long as acutely emarginate capsule. p. 4-6.
Bushy hills. wm. ands. Kur.

17. prostrata. Barren Stems prostrate.
L. oblong or lineari-lanceolate, serrate or sub-
incise at base; lower stalked. Stalks about as
long as slightly emarginate capsule. p. 4-6.
Heaths and open hills. Fr. G. It. oce.

D. Corymb terminal.

i. Seeds compressed, lenticular or plano-
conven.

a. Plant woody at base.

18. fruticulosa. L. oblong; lower smaller.
Pubescence of Rac. spreading, glandular. Cal.
hardly shorter than ovate capsule. Germen
subrotund, very obtuse. /7/. dilac. w.7. Very
high. Alps. Lig. Pyr. Cors.

19. saxatilis. L. oblong, all obtuse,
crowded at base. Pubescence of Rac. without
glands. Cal. shorter than ovate, acute germen.
Ll. bright blue. w.6, 7. Very high. Alps.
Vosges. Apuan. Corsica. Scotl.

b. Herbaceous, perennial, decumbent.

20. nummularia. Stems creeping, much
branched, somewhat woody at base. Lower L.
scale-like ; others crowded, roundish ovate,
quite entire, 1-nerved. Rac. capitate. Stalks
shorter than calyx. p. 7. Hugh. Pyv.

21. alpina. Stems decumbent, nearly sim-

SCROPHULARIACEA.

ple. L. elliptic; lower smaller, rounded. Rae.
hairy, without glands, short. Caps. oblongo-
ovate, emarginate. p. 7, 8. High grassy
mountains.

92. serpyllifolia. Stems decumbent,
much branched. IL. ovate or oblong; lower
smaller, rounded. Rac. lax. The upper L.
passing into lanceolate bracts. Caps. obtusely
emarginate. p.5, 6. Movst.

23. repens. ‘Stem creeping. L. subro-
tundo-ovate, stalked, entire or crenate. Fl.
stalked. Style nearly three times as long as
capsule. p. 6,7. Mountains. Cors.”— Brrr.

24. Ronee. Hrect. L. sessile, ovate, serrato-
crenate. Rac. lax, many-flowered. Stalks
two or three times as long as downy calyx.
Caps. ovate, emarginate. p. 6, 7. High
shade. Pyr.

25. bellidicides. Stem simple, erect. L.
obovate, obtuse; lower in rosettes. Rac. few-
flowered, short and crowded, villous. Caps.
obovate, somewhat emarginate. p. 7, 8. High
grassy. Alps. Pyr. Sud.

c. Annual, erect.
* Stalk shorter than calyz.
96. arvensis. L. undivided: lower ovate,

stalked, not attenuate ; upper sessile, lanceolate.
Caps. 2-lobed. a. 3-8. Fields.

27. peregrina. LL. undivided: lower ob-
ovato-oblong ; upper lineari-oblong : all wedge-
shaped at base. Caps. obcordate. a. 4, 5.
Cult. s. Fv. Verdun. Hamb.

28. verna. Upper L. pinnatipartite ; lower
ovate, undivided. Upper floral L. bract-like,

entire. Caps. broadly obcordate. Lobes
rounded. a. 4,5. Sandy jields. m.ands.
Hurope.

29. digitata. Upper L. pinnatipartite:
lower ovate, nearly undivided. Upper floral L.
bract-like, nearly entire. Caps. rigid, cuneate,
truncate. a. 3-5. Montp.?

** Stalk longer than calyx.

30. acinifolia. L. ovate, 1-nerved. Bracts
lanceolate, shorter than the somewhat spreading

pedicels. Lobes of broadly cordate Caps. di-
varicate. a. 4,5. elds. Fr. Rhine. adr.
G. Italy.

ii. Seeds concave.
31. triphylles. Lower L. ovate; upper
digitato-partite. Stem branched. Rac. lax.
Fl.-stalk longer than calyx or bract, spreading.

269

a. 3,4. Moist fields.
Corsica. Sardinia.

Fr. Ger. It., n. of Po.

32. preecox. L. undivided, cordato-ovate.
Floral L. lanceolate. Stem branched. Rac.
lax. Stalks as long or longer than calyx. Caps.
turgid, emarginate. a. 3,4. IMelds. Fr. G.
Italy.

E. Plants annual. Stems prostrate. Flow-
ers axillary, solitary. Fruit-stalk re-
curved.

i. L. not lobed.

33. agrestis. L. ovate, serrato-crenate,
as long as flower-stalk. Caps. emarginate :
sides of notch rounded, with scattered, glandu-
lar hairs. Seeds 4-8 in each cell. a. 3-9.
Fields. Kocn.

34, didyma. L. somewhat cordate, serrato-
crenate, as long as flower-stalks. Caps. emar-
ginate, densely pubescent: sides of notch
rounded. Seeds 8-12 in each cell. a. 3-9.
Fields.—Kocn.

35. opaca. LL. somewhat cordate, serrato-
crenate, as long as flower-stalks. Caps. emargi-
nate: sides of notch rounded. Lobes keeled.
Hairs of Caps. curled, without glands. Seeds
3-5 in each cell. a.3-5. Fields, oce.—Kocnu.

36. Buxbaumii. lL. somewhat cordate,
crenato-serrate; upper shorter than flower-
stalks. Terminal Notch of Caps. widely
spreading, with nearly straight sides. Caps.
reticulate with raised veins. a. 4,5. Medds.
s. Hur., but, as it appears, gradually spreading
in the North.

ii. L. lobed.

37. hederifolia. L. cordate, 5—7-lobed,
stalked, about as long as flower-stalk. Div. of
Cal. cordate, acute. Cal. erect in the fruit.
Seeds cup-like. a. 3-5. Cult. Pale blue.

38. Cymbalaria. L. cordate, 5—7-lobed,
stalked, falling short of upper flower-stalks.
Segm. of Cal. elliptic, spreading in the fruit.
a. 2-5. Cult. and walls. dt. Fr. G. It.

Tribe III. RHINANTHACE#.

[I follow Bentham in the distribution of the
Genera of this Tribe. |

604. EUFRAGIA.

1. latifolia. L. ovate: lower crenate ; up-

270

per palmate. Anthers smooth. a. 4, 5. Pas-

tures. s. Fr. It. Istria.

2. viscosa. L. oblong or ovato-lanceolate,
serrato-crenate, undivided. Anthers hairy.

a. 7-9. Moist. w. ands. Hur.
605. TRIXAGO.
1. apula. Lower Lip of Cor. longer than
upper. a. 6. Sandy shores. s. Fr. Tt. L.

with large, nearly opposite, obtuse teeth.

606. EUPHRASIA.

1. officinalis. Lb. ovate, with 4-5 teeth
on each side. Teeth of upper L. mucronate.
Upper lip of Cor. of 2 spreading, toothed
lobes; Div. of lower lip deeply emarginate.
(Caps. oblongo-obovate, Gopr.) a. 7, 8.
Heaths and pastures.

B. nemorosa, GODR.

2. minima. L. ovate, with 4-5 teeth on
each side. Teeth of upper L. mucronate.
Upper lip of Cor. of 2 bidentate, connivent
lobes; lower lip generally yellow. Div.
deeply emarginate. a. 7,8. Mountain mea-
dows. Alps.

3. salisburgensis. L. lanceolate or ob-
long, cuneate at base, with 2 or 3 teeth on
each side. Teeth of upper Lip and of Cal.
cuspidato-aristate. Upper lip of Cor. of 2
toothed lobes ; Div. of lower deeply emarginate.
a. 7, 8. Mountains.

Caps. lineari-oblong.

4. tricuspidata. L. linear, entire or with
one tooth on each side. Teeth of L. and of
Cal. acute, unarmed. Upper lip of Cor. of
2 toothed lobes; Div. of lower deeply emar-
ginate. a. 7, 8. Mountain woods. s. Tyr.

607. ODONTITES.

A. Authers bearded along the openings of
the cells.

1. rigidifolia. rect. L. linear, quite
entire. Floral L. somewhat ovate, acute.
Spikes interrupted. Helmet obovate, longer
than lower lip. a. 9-11. Dry hills. Sic.

B. Anthers connected by a few hairs at the
top; none along the opening.

2. rubra. L. lineari-lanceolate, on a broad
base: all remotely serrate. Cor. purple, about
twice as long as calyx, densely pubescent. Style
exceeding corolla. a.6-9. Clayey fields and
borders.

. 8. Barren hills.

604. EUFRAGIA.

3. serotina. LL. lanceolate, acuminate,
somewhat narrowed at base: all remotely ser-

rate. Cor. purple, about twice as long as
calyx, densely pubescent. Style exceeding
corolla. a. 7,8. Dry hills. s. Sw. It.

4. corsica. “Stem slender. L. linear, en-
tire, obtuse, rough. Floral L. somewhat ovate,
obtuse. Cor. purple, hardly exceeding calyx,
densely pubescent. Style equalling corolla.
a.7, 8. High mountains. Cors. Sard.”—
Bert.

5. Jaubertiana. LL. lineari-lanceolate;
upper nearly entire. Cor. yellowish or tinged
with purple, pubescent. Helmet hardly con-
tracted at base. Style falling short of corolla.
a. 8-10. Cale. pastures. Champs d’Adené
near Nevers. Moret near Orléans.

6. viscosa. Upper part viscid. L. linear
or lineari-lanceolate, nearly entire. Cor. yel-
low. Helmet truncate, narrowed at base. a.
s. Fr. Vall. Pdm.

C. Anthers quite hairless.

7. lanceolata. L. lanceolate, serrate. Cor.
finely downy, yellow. Anthers exceeding hel-

met. a. 7, 8. Dry hills. s. e. Fr. Savoy.
Pdm. (Anthers with a short white beard,
BERT.)

8. Bocconi. Quite smooth, woody. L.
lineari-lanceolate, 3-nerved, quite entire. Rac.
rather dense, secund. Cal. without glands.
Cor. smooth, incurved, contracted at base. a.
8-10. Mountains of Madonie and of Busam-
bra, Sicily.

9. lutea. L. linear, mostly entire. Cor.
hairy, yed/ow. Anthers exceeding helmet. a.
7, 8. Cale. hills. m. and s. Hur.

608. BARTSIA.

1. alpina. L. ovate; upper amplexicaul :
all crenato-serrate. p. 7, 8. Moist gravelly
mountains.

2. spicata. LL. ovate: lower with a few
large teeth ; upper entire. Spikes numerous,
crowded, secund. p. 7. Cale. rocks. L’ Héris
and near Bagnéres de Luchon, Pyr.

609. RHINANTHUS.

1. Crista-Galli. Lips of Cor. porrect,
hardly one-third longer than calyx. Appendage
of Helmet ovate, as wide as long. Bracts
crenate. I. oblongo-lanceolate. a. 5, 6.

| Moist meadows.

SCROPHULARTACI.AS, 27)

2. major. Lips of Cor. porrect, half as
long again as nearly hairless calyx. Appendage
ovate, longer than broad. Bracts coloured.
L. oblongo-lanceolate. a. 5,6. Meadows.
ace.

B. alectorolophus, Cal. villous. Margin of
Seeds narrower.

3. angustifolius. “Smooth. Appendage
of Helmet of Cor. ovate or oblong. Cor. at
least half as long again as nearly smooth calyx.
Lower L. linear ; upper lanceolate, acuminate.
a. Pastures. m. ands. Hur.’—BentH.

4. alpinus. Lips cf Cor. spreading. Ap-
pendage oblong. L. oblongo-lanceolate (or at-
tenuate on a lanceolate base, Kocu). a. 7, 8.
Mountains. G.

Doubtful.

5. bucealis. Has a 3-keeled back to the

Seeds, instead of a wing. Harz.—BeEnvu.

6. Reichenbachii is like mor, except
that the Seed has no wing.— BENTH.

610. RHYNCOCORIS.

- |. Elephas. Beak of Cor. with a tooth on
each side. Seeds globose. L. oval. a. (p.
Guss. and Bert.) 6, 7. Cold and shady
streams. Sic. Cal.

611. PEDICULARIS.

A. Helmet beaked, without teeth.
i. Stem scape-like, naked or with 1 or 2
L. Sp. 1-8.
ii. Stem leafy. Sp. 9-11.

B. Beak conical, ending in 2 teeth. Sp. 12
—16.

-C. Helmet without beak or teeth.
i. Stem with opposite L. Sp. 17-19.
ii. L.in whorls. Sp. 20.
iii. Stem scape-like. Sp. 21, 22.
iv. Flowers radical, solitary. Sp. 23.

D. Tube of Corolla spreading into a cam-
panulate mouth, which is closed by the
erect lower lip. Sp. 24.

A. Helmet beaked, without teeth.
i, Stem scape-like, naked or with | or 2 L.

1. Jacquini. Larger Fil. with scattered
hairs. Beak linear. Cal. hairy only on nerves.
Div. leaf-like, unequally crenate, recurved at
top. L. deeply bipinnatifid and toothed. p.
6,7. High wet. e. Alps.

2. rostrata. Longer Vil. bearded above
middle. Beak linear. Cal. everywhere hairy.
Div. leaf-like, unequally crenate, recurved. at
top. L. pinnatipartite and doubly serrate.
p- 7, 8. High moist, Alps. Pyr.

3. Portenschlagii. Longer Fil. bearded
above middle. Beak short, conical. Cal.
hairy on nerves and margin. Div. leaf-like,
unequally crenate, recurved at top. ‘L. pimna-
tifid and doubly toothed. p. 6, 7. Very
high granite. Sty.

4. asplenifolia. Fil. without hairs. Beak
lear. Cal. woolly. Div. leaf-like, hooked
at top. L. pinnatifid and doubly toothed. p.
7,8. High wet. e. Alps.

5. tuberosa. Fil. bearded above. Beak
linear. Div. of Cal. leaf-like, inciso-dentate,
straight. L. bipinnatipartite and toothed. p.
7, 8. High moist. Alps. Pyrenees. Apen-
nines,

6. gyroflexa. Fil. bearded above middle.
Beak short, conical. Cal. densely pubescent.
Div. leaf-like, pimnatifid and toothed, straight.
L. pinnate, pinnatifid, dentate. p. 7, 8. High.
Alps of Dauphiné and Savoy. Monte Baldo.
Apennines.

7. fasciculata. “‘ Root bundled. Stems
low, tufted. L. narrowly bipinnatifid. Segm.
distant, toothed. Spike dense. Div. of Cal.
inciso-multifid. Beak of Helmet’ short, ter-
minating abruptly, eroso-crenate. p. 7. Moun-
tains. Abruzzi.”—Bert. Bentham refers
this to P. gyroflexa.

8. cenisia. “Stems ascending, with a few
L. at the base only. Lts. pinnatifid. Cal,
covered with white wool, inflated: 4 of the
Div. cristato-dentate, fifth lineari-subulate, en-
tire, short. Beak lear, cloven, crenate. p.
7, 8. Savoy.’—Gaup. Pdm. Lig. Pyr. Var.
of P. rostrata, according to Bentham.

ii. Stem leafy.

9. incarnata. Fil. smooth. Beak linear,
emarginate. -Cal. woolly. Div. lanceolato-
subulate, quite entire, straight. L. bipinnati-
fid and serrulate. p. 7, 8. High moist. Sar.
Sw. e. Alps.

10. adscendens. Fil. bearded. Beak li-
near, emarginate. Cal. smooth. Div. downy
on margin, acuminate, quite entire, straight.
L. bipmnatifid, dentate. p. 7, 8. Cale.
mountams. Sard. Sw. ~

11, atrorubens. Upper part of longer

272 611. PEDICULARIS.

Fil. hairy. Beak conical, somewhat toothed.
Cal. woolly. Div. broad lanceolate, acumi-
nate, serrulate. L. deeply pinnatifid, inciso-
serrate and serrulate. p. 7, 8. Very high
grassy. Mt. Cenis. Great St. Bernard.. Monte
Albula.

B. Beak conical, ending in two teeth.

12. palustris. Cal. of 2 inciso-dentate,
curled lobes. L. once or twice pinnatifid.
Segm. oblong, inciso-dentate. Stem erect,
branched. p. or b. 6, 7. Boggy meadows.

13. sylvatica. Cal. with 5 leaf-like, in-
ciso-dentate, curled divisions. L. pinnati-
partite, inciso-dentate. Central Stem short.
Branches long, prostrate. p. or b. 5-7.
Springy.

14. sudetica. Cal. 5-cleft, villous on an-
gles. Teeth undivided, lanceolate, serrulate.
L. pinnatifid, with broad rachis. Segm. lan-
ceolate, acute, somewhat inciso-serrate. Stem
simple, erect. 0. pink. p.6, 7. Springy.
Sudetes.

15. Prederici. Cal. woolly, with 5 long
lanceolate, acute teeth. L. pinnate. Lis.
oblong, acuminate, pinnatifid, mucronato-ser-
rate. Stem erect. (JV. pink, BENTH.; yel-
lowish, Kocu.) p. 5. Grassy slopes. Mount
Slavnik.

16. comosa. Cal. downy on angles. Teeth
very short, ovate, obtuse. L. pinnate. Lis.
oblong, acuminate, pinnatifid. Segm. mu-
cronato-serrate. Fl. yellowish. wp. 6-8.
Mountains. s. and m. Kur., Bert.; but, ac-
cording to Koch, hardly found in Ger. or Sw.
it. Alps. Abruzzi.

C. Helmet without beak or teeth.
compressed, oblongo-ovate.

i. Stem with opposite L.

17. Hlacquetii. Cal. cloven to middle,
sheath-like, with 5 very short teeth. Longer
Fil. bearded. lL. pinnate. Lts. deeply pinna-
tifid. Segm. lineari-lanceolate, unequally mu-
cronato-serrate. p. 5. Mountains. Carn.
Var. of P. foliosa, according to Benth.

18. foliosa. Cal. with 5 short teeth, acu-
minate, on a triangular base. All Fil. bearded.
L. pinnate. Lts. pinnatifid. Segm. lineari-
lanceolate, inciso-mucronato-serrate. p. 7, 8.
Gravelly, Alps. Pyr. Ap. Istria.

19. recutita. Cal. with 5 lanceolate teeth,
nearly as long as tube. LL. pinnatipartite,
segments lanceolate, pinnatifido-dentate, den-

Capsule

ticulate; upper broadly confluent. p. 7, 8.

High moist meadows. Alps.

ui. L. in whorls.

20. verticillata. Cal. inflated, hirsute,
cloven at top. ‘Teeth very short. 1. deeply
pinnatifid. p. 7, 8. Moist grassy moun-
tains.

iii. Stem seape-lke.
21. rosea. Cal. woolly, 5-cleft. Teeth
equal, lanceolato-subulate. L. pinnate. Lts.

narrow lanceolate, acutely serrate. p. 7, 8.
Cale. mountains. Mont Cenis. Tyr. Carn.

22. versicolor. Cal. woolly. Teeth un-
equal, lanceolate, recurved at top. L. pinnate.
Lts. oval, doubly crenate; upper tiled down-
wards. p.6. High rocks and gravel. Alps.

iv. No Stem. Stalks \-flowered, among L.

23. acaulis. Helmet villous on margin.
Teeth of Cal. leafy, inciso-dentate. L. pin-
nate. Lts. ovate, pinnatifido-incise. p. 4, 5.
Grassy hills. s. Tyr. Carn. n. It.

D. Tube of Corolla spreading upwards into
a campanulate mouth, which is closed by
the erect lower lip.

24. Sceptrum. Teeth of Cal. 5, oblong,
obtuse, unequally crenate. L. pinnatifid: Lts.
ovato-oblong, obtuse, doubly crenate. Bracts
ovate, undivided. p.6, 7. Boggy meadows.
Munich. Salzb. Sty. Mor.

612. MELAMPYRUM.
A. Spike 4-sided.

1. ecristatum. Spike closely tiled.. Bracts
cordate, folded at top, recurved, peetinato-den-
tate. a.6,7. Dry woods and pastures.

B. Spike lax, rounded.

2. arvense. Bracts ovato-lanceolate, acu-
minate, marked beneath with two rows of
dots. Cal. about equalling tube of corolla.
Teeth long, setaceous, on an ovate base. a.
6,7. Dry fields in a barren sovt.

3. barbatum. Bracts ovato-lanceolate,
acuminate, without dots. Cal. about one-
third of tube of corolla. Teeth ovate, acumi-
nate. a. 5,6. Melds. adr. G. Aust. Mor.

C. Spike very lax, secund.

4. nemorosum. Bracts cordate, toothed.
Cal. hirsute, half as long as corolla. Teeth

SCROPHULARIACH AL. 273

lanceolato-subulate, spreading. a. 7,8. Shade.

m. Eur. Not on Rhine.

5. pratense. Bracts lanceolate, toothed
at base. Cal. smooth, about one-third of co-
rolla. Fl. spreading horizontally. a. 5-7.
Woods and heaths.

6. sylvaticum. Bracts lanceolate, very
rarely with 1 or 2° teeth. Cal. smooth, as

long as corolla. Tl. erect. a. 7, 8. Hill

woods. oce.

613. TOZZIA.

1. alpina. JL. ovate, often amplexicaul.
Fl. solitary, without bracts, on short axillary
stalks. p. 7, 8. High wet. Alps. Sud. Pyr.
Apennines.

LXXT. OROBANCHACEA.

Corolla irregular.
2 or more parietal placentas.

614. OROBANCHE.

In this obscure genus we have hardly any
characters that can be depended upon. ‘Those
founded on the form of the Corolla, whether
short, campanulate, and bellying in front, fun-
nel-shaped, or with a nearly cylindrical tube,
are good as far as they go. In the second
division the tube. is contracted above the ger-
men, or rather the swelling of the germen
dilates the lower part of the tube,—a circum-
stance which only takes place in two or three
species of the first division. The nature of
the curve on the back of the tubular flowers is
perhaps sometimes of value; but a considera-
ble difference in this respect takes place in the
flowers of the same spike, and it is affected by
the growth of the fruit. A little curve backwards
at the tip of the upper lip occurs in most if not
in all the species. The divisions and proportion
of the lower lip deserve, perhaps, more atten-
tion than they have hitherto received. They are
always rounded and plaited, very rarely with
an acumen, and more cr less separated by a
plaited, or sometimes inflated, interval. The
middle lobe in some species is said to be twice
as large, or twice as long, as the lateral. This
I have not been able to verify. In one or two
species of the first division the corolla is said
to be quite hairless, but in the rest it is gene-
’ rally more or less covered with glandular hairs ;
and these, in a few instances, extend to the
inside of the upper lip. The Filaments in
some are densely, and, I believe, constantly
villous at the base; in others they are quite
smooth ; but in the majority of instances they
vary from quite smooth to hairy with scattered
hairs. The Glands on the top of the fila-
ments and the style seem to be still more

Stamens 4, 2 of them longer.
Stigma 2-lobed. Fruit with 2 valves and many seeds.

Germen on a fleshy disc, 1-celled, with

uncertain. The Anthers are in general ovoid,
prolonged, acute, mucronate ; but in O. minor,
and perhaps some other species, they are almost.
round, and with a hardly distinguishable point.
The Stigma, more or less completely divided
into two lobes, may perhaps be of use ; but the
colour, which has been much insisted upon,
certainly varies in some species, and is sus-
picious in all. Reuter, in the ‘ Prodromus,’
forms two sections dependent upon the posi-
tion of the Stamens, near the base, or near
the middle of the tube of the corolla. In his
descriptions of his first section we have the
terms “on the base,’ ‘‘ at the base,” ‘‘ near
the base,” and “‘ above the base.”” The latter
expression is, however, also used in the next
section, as in O. Salvie, O. laurina, O. gla-
berrima, and O. macrosepala. In O. littorea
and O. loricata they are described, from Ber-
toloni, as a little above the base; in O. fra-
grantissima, somewhat distant from base; in
O. serotina, toward the base. Bertoloni often
measures the distance; but O. Crithmi, O.
canescens, and O. australis, where the distance
from the base of the corolla is only one line,
are placed by Reuter among those whose
stamens are inserted near the middle of the
tube, as well as those where they are 2 lines or
22 lines from the base.

“The next point is the Calyx. According to
Godron, ‘ FV. de Lorr.,” the Sepals in Div. A
are touching or united in O. major, O. elatior,
O. caryophyllacea, O. Teucriz, and O. rubens ;
quite separate in O.Cervarie (or brachypetala),
O. Picridis, and O. Epithymum.. They are
almost always ovate at the base. In some
species they are described as entire, in others
as constantly dividing into 2 or 3 segments.
So many, however, vary in this respect, that we

274 614. OROBANCHE.

may fairly doubt if the character is to be trusted.
The segments in all the species are generally
more or less unequal. The number of nerves
is a leading character with M. Reuter; but in
one of the most common species, O. major (O.
Rapum of some authors), botanists are not
agreed on this head; and in many others it is
acknowledged to be obscure. Still it is a
useful character, as is also the form of the
segments—sometimes gradually tapering, at
others abruptly and finely acuminate; but
in this, and in most other characters, there is
so much variety in one species, and such a
gradual progression through the genus, that it
is with difficulty we obtain grounds for any
specific characters, and I have been totally
unable to construct an analysis of the genus.
The particulars on which I have attempted to
form my subdivisions are not those which
seemed to me the most likely to be constant,
but such as I found most generally noticed in
the descriptions I had before me. I have
chiefly followed Reuter, because no other writer
has above half the number of species.

Some assistance may be obtained from the
Seales and Bracts. The lower scales are, I
believe, always broader and closer together
than the upper.

A. Bracts solitary. Capsule splitting in the
middle.

i. Stamens from near base of corolla.
a. Sepals with 5 or more nerves.
* Style more or less glandular.
+ Filaments hairy at the base.

1. eruenta. Sep. cloven. Cor. campanu-
late, evenly arched on the back, bellymg in
front. Mouth bloody. Margin glanduloso-
denticulate. Upper Lip hardly vaulted; lower
with 2, smooth, bladdery protuberances, mid-
dle lobe largest. Stigma with a yellow disc
and purplish-brown margin. p. 5-7. On
Leguminose. m. and s. Hur,

2. procera. Sep. broadly ovate. Cor.
campanulate, evenly arched on the back, belly-
ing in front. Margin somewhat glandular,
denticulate. Middle Div. of lower Lip some-
what the largest. Fil. with only a few hairs
at the base. p. 6. On Cirsium arvense.
Mannheim.

3. variegata. Sep. deeply cloven, on an
ovate base. Segm. lanceolate, acuminate. Cor.
campanulate, evenly arched on the back, belly-
ing in front, pale yellowish, with a reddish
mouth. Margin denticulate. Upper Lip
vaulted; lower with 2 plaited protuberances.

_Lobes small.

Pdm. Gen. Carr. Corsica.

Stamens and style hirsute.
Scape slender, 4 to 9 inches
Bracts lanceolate,
p. 7. s. Fr.

Stigma yellow.
high. Scales lanceolate.
equalling or exceeding flowers.

4. Spartii. Sep. equally cloven, on an
ovate base. Cor. campanulate, nearly straight
on the back, bellying in front. Margin den-
ticulate. Lower Lip with 2 protuberances ;
the middle lobe largest. Style somewhat
villous. Stigma yellowish, afterwards brown.
Scape | to 2 feet high. Scales ovato-lanceo-
late. p.5. On Spartium junceum. w. Fr.
Gen. Sic. Bertoloni unites this to O. eruenta.

5. condensata. Sep. nearly touching in
front, broadly ovate, cloven, the front lobe ob-
tuse. Cor. campanulate, bellying im front,
evenly arched on the back. Margi denticu-
late. Middle Lobe of lower Lip longest. (Style
smooth, Brrr.) Stigma thick, yellow. Stem
somewhat flecuose. Scales ovate, rather ob-
tuse. -Bracts shorter than corolla. (Re-
sembles O. cruenta, Gut the lower Scales are
broader, the Cor. of a deeper blood-colour,
the Div. of the lower Iip are somewhat acute,
and the Stamens puberulous at the base, not
hirsute—BERT.) p. 5. On Genista, Se.
Prov. Cors. Sard.

6. thyrsoidea. Sep. or their Segm. lan-
ceolato-subulate, on a broadly ovate base. Cor.
campanulate, yellowish. Upper Lip entire,
vaulted; lobes of lower rhombeo-acuminate,
denticulate, or slightly and sharply 3-lobed,
finely ciliate. Stamens smooth, or somewhat
hairy at base. Anthers large, oblong, with a
long spur. Style sometimes smooth. Stigma
yellow. Scape and Bulbs very thick. Scape
hollow. Lower Scales imbricate, all approxt-
mate. Spike very dense. p.6. On Genista.
Cors. Sard.

7. foetida. Sep. united in front, broadly
ovate at base, and suddenly contracted into
lineari-fiiform segments. Cor. campanulate,
somewhat arched on the back. Margin not
ciliate. Lobes of lower Lip ovate, somewhat
acute, separated by a broad sinus. Anthers
somewhat villous at the sutures. Stigma yel-
low. Spike dense, comose. Bracts lanceo-
late, acuminate, equalling or exceeding flowers ;
upper filiform. p. On Leguminose. e.
Pyrenees.

8. pruinosa. Sep.cloven. Segm. subu-
late. Cor. campanulate, slightly curved, white
or pinky, with blue ves. Margin crenulate,
Upper Lip 2-lobed; lobes of lower adjacent.

OROBANCHIACE ZI.

(Style villous at base, Guss.) Stigma violet.
Scape 6 in. to 2 feet, hollow. Scales and Bracts
lanceolate or ovato-lanceolate, with long acu-
men, nearly equalling corolla. Smell agreeable.
a. 4-6. On Viciee, Hyperica, Calendula.
Guss. describes the lower Inp as bigibbous ;
Reuter, or rather Koch, says that the middle
lobe ws twice as large as the others: neither
of which I find true in Roman specimens.
Query of different spectes.

9. speciosa. Sep. or Segm. lineari-lan-
ceolate. Cor. very broad campanulate. Back
nearly straight. Margin denticulate. Upper
Lip 2-lobed; the middle lobe of the lower
largest. Stamens with short scattered hairs
at base. Lobes of Stigma spherical. Scape
and Bracts covered with white, curled, glan-
dular hars. Bracts nearly equalling corolla.
Differs from O. pruinosa in having larger
flowers, of one colour, and larger and nearly
entire sepals. Towon. (Query if the same
as pallidiflora of Wimm and Grab.—REUTER.)

10. caryophyilacea. Sep. usually cloven,
contiguous in front or connate. Segm. trian-
gulari-subulate, acuminate. Tube of Cor. fun-
nel-shaped. Margin somewhat denticulate.
Upper Lip sharply curved; the sides porrect.
Stamens hairy nearly their whole length. Stig-
ma purple, without a margin. Scape 4-12 in.,
hollow. Scales ovato-lanceolate, regularly
nerved. Bracts ovato-lanceolate, acuminaée,
somewhat shorter than corolla. p.5-T. On
Gala and Trifolium repens. Has an agree-
able smell of cloves.

B. Ligustri, GopR. Stigma yellow.

Ji. Teucrii. Sep. cloven, contiguous in
front or connate. Segm. lanceolate. Co-
rolla campanulato-tubulose, yellowish at base,
straight on the back. Margin somewhat den-
ticwlate. Upper Lip bent down, hairy within,
margin spreading ; Div. of lower nearly quad-
rangular, separated by a broad, obtuse sinus.
Stamens hairy to middle, and with some glan-
dular hairs above. Style white, at last purple.
Stigma minutely tubercled, bloody brown. p.
or a. 6. On Teucrium, Thymus, and Bromus.
Fr. G. Sw.

12. Epithymum. Sep. ovate, witha long,
subulate acumen. Cor. campanulate, evenly
arched on the back. Margin toothed. Upper
Lip 2-lobed, glandular on both. sides (the
hairs seated on a minute tubercle, Kocn) ;
lower lip very wide, the lobes widely separated
by an inflated protuberance. Fil. with scat-
tered hairs at the base, sometimes smooth.

2N

275

Stigma dark purple (sometimes yellow, Go-
DRON), without a raised margin, Plant of a
dingy yellow stained with purple. Scent at
Jirst agreeable, afterwards unpleasant. Scape
2-10 inches, hollow. Bracts lanceolate, acu-
minate, shorter than corolla. p.6,7. On
Thymus and Satureja. m. and s. Bur.

13. Scabiosze. Sep. or Segm. attenuate
into a subulate point on an ovate base. Cor.
campanulate, ochraceous and purple, arched on
the back. Margin acutely toothed. Upper
Lip with short, scattered, glandular hairs on
both sides (each seated on a dark. tubercle,
Kocu). Fil. with scattered hairs below.
Style nearly smooth. Stigma dingy purple.
p- 6. On Scabiosa and Carduus. Alps. Dif-
Jers also from O. Epithymum 7x its taller and
thicker, and connivent, not arcuato-descendent,
anthers, and in the dingy purple colour of the
whole plant.

14. pallidifiora. Sep. broadly ovate, sud-
denly contracted into a subulate acumen. Cor.
campanulate, nearly straight, bent down at top,
yellowish with red veins. Margin acutely
denticulate, with glandular hairs on both sides,
each seated on a yellowish tubercle. Fil. with
scattered hairs below. p.6. Differs from the
preceding im the Sep., the colour of the Ft.,
and the yellow tubercles of the hairs.

15. fuliginosa. Sep. or Segm. with a
long subulate acumen on a somewhat ovate
base. Cor. campanulate, nearly straight on
the back, purplish-brown. Margin obtusely
denticulate. Lobes of upper Lip porrect; of
lower ovate, acuminate. p. On Cineraria
marituma. 1. of Hyéres.

16. Avellanz. Sep. touching or united
in front, cloven and with a tooth in front.
Segm. lanceolate, acute. Cor. tubuloso-cam-
panulate. Margin somewhat denticulate, and
fringed with glands. Lobes of upper Lip
spreading. Fil. with a dense line of hairs. p.
On Corylus. Prague. Not noticed by Koch.

17. Alexandri. Sep. undivided, ovate or
ovato-lanceolate, acuminate. Cor. ‘‘ zon con-
stricta,’ Guss. Margin denticulate. Style
hairy at base. Stigma somewhat glandular.
Scales ovato-lanceolate. Bracts ovato-lanceo-
late, shorter than corolla. Smelt pleasant.
a. 4,5. Sic. Differs from O. pruinosa iz the
shape and entireness of the sepals, and in the
shortness of the glandular haars.

+t Filaments smooth at the base.

18. major. Sep. contiguous or united in

5)

276

front. Cor. broad campanulate, evenly arched
on the back, bellying in front. Margin nearly
entire. Lobes of lower Lip separated by an in-
flated protuberance; the lateral ones somewhat
acute; (middle twice as large, Kocu; but I
do not find it so.) Stigma yellow. Scape 1
to 2 feet, hollow. Spike long, not crowded.
Bracts lanceolate, acuminate, exceeding flower,
p. 5-7. On Cytisus scoparius. Babington
says, “ Sepals 2-nerved:” I find additional
nerves, but feeble and crooked.

19. Satyrus. Sep. cloven.
acuminate. Cor. pale violet, tubuloso-cam-~
panulate. Tube nearly smooth. Border very
hirsute externally, crenulate. Lateral Lobes
of lower Lip ovato-triangular, acute, somewhat
folded, with a tooth on each side; middle Lobe
larger, ovate, acute. Stamens with a furrow
in front and glandular hairs at top. Stigma
yellow. Lobes hemispherical. Upper part of
plant densely covered with long, curled, glan-
duliferous hairs. Scape 9-12 m., hollow.
Lower Scales ovate ; upper lanceolate. Bracts
ovate with long acumen, far exceeding corolla,
forming a tuft at the top of the dense sprke.
p. 5. Polcevera near Genoa.

Segm. linear,

** Style smooth.

20. densiflora. Sep. or Segm. broadly
ovate, with subulate acumen, sometimes with
an additional tooth in front. Cor. small, cam-
panulato-tubular, pale yellow, arched on the
back. Margin crenate. Lobes of lower Lip
separated by a broad gibbous sinus. Stamens
smooth or with a few hairs at base. Stigma
deeply divided, with 2 small, purple lobes.
Scape about 10 im. Lower Scales ovato-lan-
ceolate ; upper narrow lanceolate, acuminate,
remote. Spike dense, cylindrical. Bracts
lineart-subulate, exceeding flowers. p. 5.
Castel Sardo in Sard.

b. Nerves of Sepals 1-4.

21. erinita. Sep. few-nerved, deeply cloven,
on an ovate base, united in front. Segm. tri-
angular, acuminate. Cor. small. Tube (cylin-
drical, somewhat inflated, Brrr.) spreading
horizontally. Margin dark blood-colour, cre-
nulate. Stamens hairy at base (smooth, Guss.).
Style somewhat villous and glandular. Stigma
purple. Scape 4-9 im. Scales narrow lan-
ceolate, adpressed ; upper remote. Spike cy-
lindrical, dense. Bracts lineari-lanceolate,
acuminate (exceeding the unopened corolla,
Guss.). p.4,5. On Lotus cytisoides. Cors.
Sard. Sic.

22. nebrodensis. ‘Sep. cloven. Segm.

614. OROBANCHE.

triangulari-subulate. Cor. tubular. Margit’
finely denticulate. Lobes connivent. Stamens
smooth. Style obsoletely villous. Scales li-
near, acute, adpressed. Spike few-flowered.
Bracts lanceolate, acuminate, far exceeding
the small, blood-coloured, open flower. a 5.
Plant much more slender than O. crinita, and
agrecing with the O. sauguinea of Prest.

23. concolor. Sep. 1—3-nerved, with a
subulate acumen, on an ovate base. Cor. yel-
low, tubuloso-campanulate, porrect, arched at
base, afterwards straight. Margin obtusely
denticulate, not ciliate. Upper Lip 2-lobed.
Stamens hirsuto-ciliate below. Anthers small,
nearly circular. Style nearly smooth. Stigma
yellow. Lobes of upper Lip at last revolute.
Whole plant straw-colour. Bracts equalling
corolla. p. On Scabiosa, Cherophyllum,
and Mentha.

24. Iucorum. Sep. broadly ovate, 2-
nerved, cloven. Cor. tubuloso-campanulate.
Back curved. Margin somewhat denticulate,
and finely fringed with glands. Lobes of upper
Lip spreading. Stamens densely hirsute to
above middle. Style smooth. Stigma velvety,
pale yellow or reddish-brown. p.6,7. On
Berberis. Munich. Differs strikingly from
O. flava in tts reddish-yellow colour, broader
and less curved Cor., and reddish-brown,
deeply divided Stigma.

25. Klugii. Sep. 2-nerved, cloven, on
an oblongo-ovate base. Segm. with subulate
acumen. Cor. tubular, shghtly curved. Upper
Lip emarginate, eroso-denticulate, at last erect.
Lateral Div. of lower Lip acuminate, obsoletely
trifid; middle larger, acutely denticulate, gene-
rally with an excurrent middle nerve. Sta-
mens somewhat hairy. Style smooth. Stigma
wax-colour. Plant a purplish flesh-colour.
Bracts exceeding flower. Spike long: upper
part dense, comose. Cor. purplish on the back,
pale in front, with darker lines. p. On Tri-
folium medium. Boun. Not noticed by Koch.

26. rubra. Sep. 1-nerved, undivided, lan-
ceolato-subulate. Cor. campanulate, curved in
the upper part. Upper Lip glandular on both
sides, margin nearly entire; lower denticulate.
Lobes somewhat separate. Stamens in pairs,
connate at base, with a few hairs; upper part
and Style somewhat glandular. Stigma pale
red. Scales and Bracts ovato-subulate. p.
7,8. On Thymus Serpyllum. Cornwall. Staffa.
Antrim. Joined by Koch to O. Epithymum,
from which it differs in the Sepals, which are
of much firmer substance, as well as being
usually one-nerved ; im the less expanded

OROBANCHACEA. 277

lower lip; and in the Fil. plac ed nearer the
base of the tube, somewhat connate, and less
hairy.

ii. Stamens from about middle of tube of
tubular corolla.

a. Sepals many-nerved.

In all the plants of this section, except in
O. glaberrima, the Mlaments appear to be
more or less hairy at the base; and if the
Style is not said to be glandular, there 1s,
however, no species in which it is said to be
not so, except O. laurina.

27. Esaserpitii. Sep. on a broadly ovate
base, fringed with glands. Cor. arched on the
back, contracted at the insertion of the sta-
mens, covered with jointed hairs, each ona
bulbous base.. Margin denticulate and ciliate.
Upper Lip deeply 2-lobed; lower with ovate,
retuse, mucronulate lobes. Fil. hirsute on their
whole length. Dise of Stigma lemon-coloured.
Bracts with a long subulate acumen, on a tri-
angular base. Glands of Hairs golden. vp.
Cale. rocks. On Laserpitium Siler. Mt. Co-
lombier, Dép. de PAin. Jura. Saléve.

28. fragrantissima. Sep. cloven. Segm.
lanceolate, acuminate. Cor. elongato-tubular,
somewhat widening upwards. Margin crenu-
late. Upper Lip 2-lobed; lobes of lower
smali. Hil. \ or 14 line from base of tube.
Lobes of Stigma erect, yellow. Scape hollow,
8-12 im. high. Scales narrow lanceolate,
acuminate. Bracts lineari-lanceolate, some-
what shorter than corolla. Spike dense in
upper part. p.5. On Lotee. nu. It. (Very
like O. caryophyllacea. Differs from O. fra-
grans by the position of its Fil. and the thick-
ened points of its Anthers, Bert.) Scent
agreeable and durable. Notwithstanding the
differences pointed out, I suspect that caryo-
phyllacea, fragrans, and fragrantissima, form
but one species.

29. rubens. Sep. or Segm. with subulate
acumen on a broadly ovate base, touching or
united in front. Cor. curved at base: back
straight, bent down at top. Margin denticu-
late. Upper Lip with 2 spreading lobes. Sta-
mens in curve of corolla, densely hairy to the
middle. Stigma wax-coloured, without a bor-
der. Bracts lanceolate, equalling corolla. Fi.
downy, in a long spike, with the smell of a
Convallaria, yellowish. p.5,6. On Medi-
cago. w. Kur. O. elatior of Bert. seems
rather to belong to this than to the follow-
mg, if there be really any difference.

- 30. elatior. Sep. touching or united in

jointed, somewhat woolly hairs.

front, cloven or trifid, on a broadly ovate base.
Segm. lanceolato-subulate. Cor. large, tubu-
loso-campanulate, curved on the back. Margin
toothed and somewhat denticulate. Upper Lip
somewhat lobed. Stamens lanceolate at base.
Stigma wax-coloured. Scape very thick. Scales
lanceolate; lower ovate. Bracts with long
subulate acumen, equalling flower. p. 6, 7.
On Centaurea Scabiosa.

31. centaurina. Cor. rather large, yel-
lowish white: tube thick: margin crenulate.
Fil. 14 or 2 lines from base, hirsute at base,
smooth in the middle, with glandular hairs at
top. Stigma purple. Scape thich, a span high,
hollow. Scales numerous, ovato-lanceolate, acu-
minate. Bracts ovato-lanceolate, acuminate,
very hirsute. Spike long: upper part dense.
(** Certainly not O. elatior,” BERT.) a. 5,6. On
Centaurea paniculata: on the shore at Massa.

32. Kochii (stigmatodes, Kocu). Sep.
ovate, cloven. Segm. lanceolate. Cor. arched.
on the back. Margin eroso-denticulate. Lobes
of upper Lip porrect; Div. of lower rounded
oblong. Stamens villous to middle. Stigma
violet. p. 7, 8. On Centaurea Scabiosa, An-
thericum ramosum, and other plants. Gratz.

33. decora. Sep. lanceolato-subulate, ner-
voso-carinate, entire or slightly cloven. Cor.
arched at base, thin, straight. Margin denti-
culate, fringed with glands. Lobes of upper
Lip reflexed. Stigma large, deeply 2-lobed.
Scape flecuose, nearly hairless. Bracts lan-
ceolate, striate, equalling corolla. Spike lax.
fl. large. p. Sard.

34. pubescens. Sep. 2-nerved or obsoletely
many-nerved. Cor. somewhat woolly, with
white, jointed hairs, nearly straight on the
back. Margin denticulate. Upper Lip entire.
Stamens with woolly hairs to above the middle.
Stigma with an even disc. Upper part of
Stem, Bracts, and Sep. covered with white,
Spike long
and dense. p. On Composite and Ligusti-
cum. Marseilles. y

35. brachysepala (or Cervaria). Sep.
separate, ovate, cloven, not exceeding half of
tube of corolla. Cor. purplish-yellow, ‘evenly
arched on the back, curved for nearly its whole
length. Margin toothed, not ciliate. Lobes
of upper Lip revolute ; middle lobe of lower
largest, and terminating in a long acumen.
Stigma yellow. p.6. On Peucedanum Cer-
varia.—GovRon. Whole plant of a wary
yellow. Bracts lanceolate, nearly equalling

flowers. Differs from buekiana by the Corolla

278

suddenly curved ubove the middle, the recurved
Lobes of the upper Lip, and the Fil. placed
higher in the tube.— REUTER.

36. buekiana. Sep. ovate, cloven. Segm.
lanceolate. Cor. pale buff, suddenly curved on
the back above the base. Margin denticulate ;
that of upper Lip porrect. Stamens hairy at
the base. Style smooth, purple, and somewhat
glandular at top. Stigma yellow. p. 6. On Me-
dicago satwa. Frankf.-on-Oder, Pruss. Rhine.

37. glaberrima. Lverywhere hairless.
Sep. or Segm. linear, acuminate, somewhat ex-
ceeding tube of corolla. Sep. and Bracts
fringed with a few sessile glands. Cor. white,
curved on the back. Margin denticulate. An-
thers small, minutely apiculate, drich-red.
Stigma yellow. Scape hollow. Spike lax. On
Dianthus. » Naples.

38. laurina. Sep. cloven, acuminate, ci-
late. Cor. smooth, pale: nerves and back
purplish. Tube somewhat contracted upwards.
Fil. a little above base of tube. Style quite
smooth. Stigma purple. Scape 12 to 24 tn.
Upper Scales remote. Bracts nearly smooth,
very acuminate ; lower often exceeding flower.
a. 5. On Laurus nobilis. Rome. Differs
from O. minor by tts size, and the smoothness
of its parts.

39. Yuecze. Lateral Nerves of Sep. ob-
solete. Sep. entire, or with a single tooth,
ovate, with a narrow acumen. Cor. smooth,
except a hairy line on the back. Margin cre-
nulate. Lips small. Fil. 1 or 1} line from
base of tube. Style smooth or with the lower
longitudinal line sprinkled with glands. Stigma
purple. Bracts ovate, acuminate or lanceo-
lato-acuminate, on an ovate base. a. 6. On
Yucca aloifolia. Pisa. Intermediate between
laurina avd minor.

40. macrosepala. Sep. deeply cloven, on
an ovate base, with long, subulate acumen.
Cor. spreading nearly horizontally, somewhat
arched on the back near the base, straight
above. Margin denticulate. Middle Lobe of
lower Lip longest. Stamens with scattered
glandular hairs. Stigma dark purple. p. Ox
Peucedanum Cervaria. Als. Hesse. Closely
resembles O. minor.

41. minor. Sep. lanceolato-subulate, on
an ovate base, or cloven, with setaceous seg-
ments. Cor. evenly arched. Tube cylindrical.
Margin obtusely denticulate, wavy, veined.
Lobes of upper Lip porrect. Fil. 13 or 2 lines
from base, with a few scattered hairs at base
(villous, Guss.).

Anthers nearly round, hardly | middle, warty

614, OROBANCHE.

awned. Stigma purple or lilac. (Lobes only
just touching, Bas.) Scape hollow. Scales
ovato-lanceolate, acuminate, remote. Bracts
lanceolate, acuminate, on an ovate base. Spike

at last lax. a.5—7. On Trifolium pratense, Sc.

b. Sepals 1-4-nerved.

42. Eederz. Sep. 1-nerved, suddenly
contracted into 1 or 2 subulate points. Cor.
arched on the back. Margin wavy, denticulate,
veined. Lobes of upper Lip porrect. Middle
Lobe of lower longest. Fil. inserted near base
of corolla, smooth, except a few hairs on lower
part. Anthers ovate, prolonged, acute, conspi-
cuously awned. Style smooth, except a few hairs
on upper part. Lobes of Stigma combined for
at least one-third of the circumference. -Bracts
lanceolate, nerveless, nearly equalling corolla,

dark violet, as well as the sepals. p.7. On
Ivy. Br. Fr. Pdm. Sard.
43. serotina. Sep. ovate, acuminate.

Lateral Nerves obscure. Cor. nearly regularly
arched on the back, and there covered with
wool-like hairs. Margin repando - dentate.
Lower Lip wide, the middle div. scarcely emar-
ginate. Stamens nearly smooth, inserted near
base of corolla. Germ. nearly smooth. Style
somewhat hairy, making an obtuse angle with
the germen. Stigma thick, of a purplish-brown.
Colour of expanded Cor. a pale yellowish-
purple, with purple vems. p. 10. On Beta
campestris. Differs from O. amethystea
ats laxer spikes, and shorter and less curved
corolla.

44. amethystea. Sep. 3—9-nerved, sud-
denly contracted into one or two subulate
points, equalling or exceeding corolla. Cor.
suddenly curved near the base, afterwards
nearly straight; (the tube at first is often re-
enlarly curved, J. W.) Margin acutely denticu-
late, veined. Lobes of upper Lip porrect,
sometimes subdivided. Div. of lower Lip sepa-
rated by an inflated protuberance; lateral some-
what cloven; the middle twice as large, with
2-4 lobes. Stamens on curve of corolla, with
scattered hairs at base. Stigma brown. Scape
purple. Scales oblongo-lanceolate, acuminate ;
the lower tiled. Bracts equalling or exceed-
ing flowers. Cor. whitish or lilac, with purple
veins. p. 6,7. On Eryngium. Fr. w. G

45. Picridis. Sep. quite separate, 1-nerved,
undivided, or 3-nerved, with a tooth in front;
with a long acumen. Cor. white or pale yellow,
sometimes with purple stripes, curved at top.
Margin crenulate. Upper Lip entire, margin
spreading. Fil. densely hairy to above the
above. Style quite hairless.

OROBANCHACE 4, 279

Stigma finely granular, red. Plant villous
with curled hairs. Scape flexuose, 9-10 i.
Scales crowded, many-nerved, narrow lanceo-
late, acuminate. Spike dense (20-40-flowered,
Gopr.). Bracts narrow lanceolate, acuminate.
a. 6, 7. On Picris hieracioides. Norm. Metz.
Palat. Sty. Much more villous than O. loricata
or O. flava, from which it is also distinguished
by the entire upper ip. From O. lucorum zt
differs by the straight lower part of the back
of the corolla.

46. loricata. Sep. 3—5-nerved, bipartite.
Segm. ovato-lanceolate, somewhat acuminate.
Cor. straight on the back, curved at top. Mar-
gin obtusely denticulate. Upper Lip with
spreading lobes. Stamens with a few glandular
hairs at base, a little above base of tube. Stig-
ma pale purple. Scape slender, 6-12 in. Scales
lanceolate, rather remote. Bracts shorter than
corolla. p.5,6. On Artemisia campestris
and Gnaphalium Stechas. Ger. Dau. Lyons.
Savoy.

47. flava. Sep. 1-nerved or obsoletely 3-
nerved. Cor. curved on back. Margin den-
ticulate. Lobes of upper Lip closely reflected.
Stamens densely hairy to above middle. Style
smooth. Dise of Stigma waxy, with warty
sears. The Lobes of the upper Lip are so
closely reflected as to touch each other.
Whole plant of a waxy or pale yellow. p. 7.
On Tussilago nivea, Peucedanum Cervaria,
and other plants. Munich. Gratz.

48. australis. Sep. few-nerved, deeply
cloven, on an ovate base. Segm. lineari-subu-
late, diverging. Cor. small, curved on the
back, nearly straight at top, yellow. Lips
small, denticulate: Lobes of the upper re-
flexed : middle Div. of lower somewhat trun-
cate. Tube hairy within. Fil. 1 line from
base of tube, somewhat hairy below. Stigma
transversely furrowed, yellow. Scape 2 feet or
more. Scales narrow lanceolate, acuminate.
Bracts lineari-lanceolate, acuminate, equal-
ling or exceeding corolla. Spike very long.
fl. crowded. p.5,6. Sard. Differs from
O. Hederee iz the deeply divided sepals and
spreading segments, and im the much longer
and nerved bracts.

49. cernua. Sep. ovate, few-nerved. Cor.
blue, strongly curved, and somewhat contracted
in the middle. Lips sma//, subrepando-crenate,
not ciliate. Lobes of upper porrect. Stamens
smooth. Anthers sma//, hardly awned. Style
smooth. Stigma “velutino-granular.” Lobes
separated by a hollow. p. Sandy hills. On
Artemisia campestris. Montp. Gap.

50. Salvize. Sep. l-nerved, cloven. Cor.
curved on the back. Margin denticulate, some-
what ciliate. Lobes of wpper Lip porrect. Fil.
hairy to above middle, sprinkled at top with
glanduliferous hairs. Stigma velvety, dark
waxy-yellow. p. 6,7. On Salvia glutinosa,
Carn. Pdm. On Valeriana officinalis, Pyr.
Differs from O. \ucorum im the 1-nerved se-
pals, copiously denticulate corolla, porrect
segments of upper Lip, and yellow stigma. It
resembles O. flava iz colour.

Nerves of Sepals not described.

51. Crithmi. Sep. cloven. Segm. lineari-
lanceolate, acuminate, pubescent. Cor. slightly
curved: upper Lip entire. Fil. about 1 line
from base of tube, with yellow glands at base,
hirsute to above the middle. Stigma reddish,
Bulb with few scales. Spike lax. Bracts
ovato-lanceolate, pubescent, reddish -purple.
p. 5,6. On Crithmum maritimum. w. Lig.
(Alhed to O. pubescens, REvT.)

52. Vitalbee. Sep. cloven. Segm. keeled,
with a long slender acumen. Cor. white, hir-
sute externally. Margin crenulate. Upper
Lip broad, spreading, emarginate ; middle Diy.
of lower largest. Fil. about 14 line from base
of tube, dilated at base, hairy to above middle.
Lobes of Stigma broad, purple, papillose. Root
of numerous fibres. Scape hollow. Scales
remote: lower broadly ovate ; upper lanceolate.
Spike long, dense, comose. Bracts lanceolate,
with long slender acumen, nearly equalling
corolla. Hairs grey, jointed, glanduliferous.
p. 6. On Clematis Vitalba. Tusc.

53. canescens. Sep. or Segm. linear,
with long setaceous acumen. Cor. denticulate.
Upper Lip emarginate ; middle Div. of lower
largest. Stamens villous at base. Stigma
yellow. Scape hollow, 1-2 feet high. Scales
crowded below, ovato - lanceolate, scattered
above, lanceolate. Spike dense: lower Fl.
sometimes stalked. Bracts lanceolate, acumi-
nate, nearly equalling corolla. Cor. (flesh-
coloured, with red veins, Guss.) (white or pale
yellow, Brrr.) a. 4, 5. On Composite. Sic.

54. littorea. Sep. entire, or with a single
tooth at base, ovate, with long lanceolate acu-
men exceeding bract. Cor. nearly straight,
crenulate: the upper Lip emarginate. Fil. a
little above base of corolla, villous at base.
Style quite smooth. Stigma purple. Scape
2-6 in. Scales and Bracts lanceolate, acute.
Spike dense, short. a.4,5. Sandy shores.
On Composite. Sic.

55. denudata. Sep. entire, lineari-lanceo-

280 614. OROBANCHE.

late, with long, slender acumen, about equalling |

bracts. Cor. yellow, with a thick short tube
curved only at top. Lobes of Lips nearly
equal. Stamens 14 or 2 lines from base of
tube, much widened at base, sprinkled with
glandular hairs for their whole length. Stigma
yellow. Whole plant yellowish. Scape about
18 iv.: upper part almost naked. Scales and
Bracts lanceolate, acuminate. p.6. Belvi
in Sardinia.

56. bicolor. Sep. scariose, equalling the
short, ovate, acute bracts. Cor. evenly curved,
narrowed at the neck. Tube white. Throat
and Inps yellowish. Lips nearly equal: upper
emarginate. Mouth flat and nearly entire. Fil.
12 or 2 lines from base of tube, quite smooth
(somewhat villous at base, Guss.). Style
quite smooth. Lobes of Stigma depressed,
yellow. Scape 6-12 i. Scales short, ovate,
acute. Bracts shorter than tube of corolla.
a. 4,5. On Leguminose: rare. Isl. of Pa-
naria. Sic. According to Guss., the corolla
is blue and hairless, and the plant in appear-
ance resembles O. ramosa.

57. ezerulescens. J. smail, blue. Tube
of Cor. ovate below, contracted above germen.
Div. of lower Lip concave. Fil. inserted above
middle of tube, somewhat hairy at base. Spkes

woolly. a. 5,6. On Artemisia campestris.
Ratisb. Dantzig.
58. fragrans. Cor. gradually enlarged

upwards, curved on back. Stamens inserted in
middle of tube, hairy below, smooth at top.
Spike woolly. Plant fragrant even when dry.
p.-? 6? lower Aust.

_ Besides these we find in the ‘ Prodromus,’
in this division of the genus, the following,
considered as doubtful :—

bracteata, Viv., referred by Bert. to O. ca-
NESCENS.

59. rigens, Lots. “Stem hairless. Scales
lanceolate, imbricate, stiff. Stamens naked in
the lower part. Style quite smooth. Lobes of
Stigma distant. Very ke O. major, but dif-
fering in the thick and somewhat pungent
scales, and the want of hairs in every part
except the bracts, which are slightly pubescent.
p. Cors.”

sanguinea, PRESL.; which seems to be the
same as zebrodensis.

platystigma, Rous.; which it is impossible
to identify.

60. nudiflora, WatiR. “Scape (nearly
equal?) Scales and Bracts ovate, slightly hairy.

Sep. ovato-oblong, ending in two, linear, nearly
equal teeth. Cor. somewhat campanulate, bel-
lyimg, quite smooth. Upper Lip rounded,
emarginate, crenulate. Lateral Div. of lower
Lip somewhat rhomboid, shorter than the ovate,
porrect middle one. Stamens and Style quite
smooth. Stigma emarginate. On Prunus spi-
nosa.—Laus.” Not noticed by Koch or Gaud.

B. Bracts 3.
i. Scape simple.

61. czesia. Cal. with 4 lanceolate, acu-
minate teeth, not longer than back of cup
(acute, not acuminate, Guss.). Cor. pale blue,
funnel-shaped, contracted above the germen.
Margin ciliate. Stamens hairy at base. An-
thers hairless (somewhat villous, Guss.). Lobes
of Stigma semicircular. Scape 3-4 i. Scales
ovato-triangular (ovato-lanceolate, Guss.). Fl.
im a dense spike, downy externally. vp. 5, 6.

On Artemisia campestris. Bagnols, Mars.
Madonie.

62. olbiensis. Cal. with 4 lanceolate,
nearly nerveless teeth, nearly twice as long as
tube. Cor. nearly hairless, a little contracted
above the germen. Lobes strongly and un-
equally dentate. Stamens more than one-third
from base of tube. Fil. hairless. Stigma
nearly entire. Style nearly smooth. p.? 5.
On Lavandula Stechas. 1. of Hyéres.

63. stricta. Cal. deeply 4-cleft (with a
fifth shorter and very narrow tooth, BERT.).
Segm. subulato-setaceous, two to four times as
long as back of cup. Cor. due, arched on the
back, funnel-shaped, somewhat narrowed above
base. Upper Lip deeply 2-lobed (emarginate,
Bert.). Div. of lower Lip ovate. Fil. smooth.
Style everywhere glandular. Stigma 2-lobed,
yellow. Scape 6-12 m., somewhat flexuose.
Scales and Bracts triangulari-subulate. Inner
Bracts linear, finely acuminate. (¥il. on or
above middle of tube, hairy at base, Brrr.)

Calyx of \ sepat.

64. ceerulea. Cal. with 5 lanceolate, acute
teeth (fifth tooth short, triangular, Brrr.).
Div. of Lips oblong, eroso-crenulate, acute,
flat. Fil. 14 line from base, hairless or slightly
pubescent at base. Anthers nearly hairless.
Stigma at first capitate, yellow (whitish, with
spreading lobes, Brrt.). p. 6,7. On Achillea
Millefolium. Not in Sic. Scape 9-18 im.
Scales and Bracts lanceolate, violet ; upper
very remote. Spike lax below. Fl. large,
amethystine. Two small Lobes sometimes
occur between the lobes of the upper lip.

65. arenaria. Cal. with 5 subulate teeth.

OROBANCHACEAS.

Cor. nearly straight, contracted in the middle.
Throat somewhat inflated. Div. of Lips ob-
tuse. Margin ciliate. Suture of Anthers with
long, wool-like hairs. p. 7, 8. On Artemisia
campestris. Fr. G. Vall. Pdm. ?

ii. Scape generally branched.

66. lavandulacea. ‘Teeth of Cal. 5, su-
bulate, acuminate, on an ovate base, much
shorter than tube of corolla. Tube of Cor.
whitish, narrowed in the middle. Lips pur-
plish with blue veins. Margin denticulate, ci-
hiate. Lobes small: those of lower Lip sepa-
rated by 2, white, villous folds. (Fil. smooth,
Guss.) . Anthers woolly on the suture. Stig-
ma whitish. p. 4,5. On Triticum, Pteris,
Thapsia, Scorpiurus, Acanthus. Scape about
9 wn. Scales small, lanceolate, remote ; lower
ovate. Inner Bracts lineari-lanceolate.

67. robusta. Cal. 5-cleft : one Segm. very
small, the others lineari-lanceolate, finely acu-
minate. Cor. curved. Throat shortly villous
within. Lobes of upper Lip of Cor. reflexed ;
of lower hardly crenulate. Fil. quite smooth.
Anthers surrounded with wool. Style quite
smooth. Stigma of 2, straw-coloured globes.
Scape 2 feet or more, hairless below, villous
ummediately under the spike. Scales oval, ob-
tuse; upper narrower, acuminate. p. On
Artemisia campestris. Potsdam. Not noticed
by Koch.

68. ramosa. Teeth of Cal. 4, subulate,
acuminate, or triangular, with setaceous acu-
men. Cor. slightly funnel-shaped, contracted
above germen. Upper Lip 2-lobed. Margin
revolute. Stamens nearly smooth (hairy in their
whole length, Brrt.). Anthers smooth or
somewhat ciliate. Style nearly smooth. Stig-
ma 2-lobed, whitish, minutely papillose. Root
of numerous fibres. Scape flexuose, 3-9 in.
Scales and Bracts short, ovate (lanceolate, acu-
minate, Bert.). a.4-6. On Cannabis, N-
cotiana, Solanum, Trifolium, Composite, Cru-
cifere, and Mesembryanthemum. Fl. very
much smaller than in O. cerulea.

69. Mluteli. Div. of Cal. 4, lanceolate,
acute or acuminate. Cor. somewhat funnel-
shaped, contracted above the germen. Throat
inflated. Back curved near the top. Div. of
Lips ovate, ciliate: villous folds between those
of lower lip. Stylesmooth. Spikes short and
dense, which, with the shape of the corolla,
distinguish ut from O.vamosa. a. On Ca-
lendula, Anthyllis, Rumex, Erodium, Se.
Sandy shores. Nap. Hyéres. Toulon. Nice.

Tn this latter division the Calyx is an oblique

20

9

a

81

cup, on which are placed 4 Teeth, or rather
Divisions, so as to leave a space in front, where
we find in some instances a small and. ill-de-
fined additional tooth; or there are 5 nearly
equal teeth ; but I have not met with this often
enough to be assured of its constancy. The
Anthers rise from a thickened ring.

The plants I have with a simple Scape are—

1. stricta. Gathered at Hyeres. It has
a long dense spike of 30-40 flowers. Bracts
subulate: inner narrow linear, finely acumi-
nate. Div. of Cal. lanceolato-subulate, finely
acuminate, 2-3 times as long as tube, and nearly
equalling corolla.

2. arenaria, Coss. Div. of Cal. 4. Bracts
subulate, on an ovate base; inner linear, acu-
minate. Cor. larger and more inflated than in
O. cerulea.

3. arenaria, Nor. From Constantinople.
A smaller plant, and approaching c@rulea, but
remarkable by a blunt Tooth on each inner
Bract.

4. ezverulea. Div. of Cal. 4, subulate,
finely acuminate, about as long as back of cup
or a little longer. There is often a short addi-
tional triangular Tooth in front. Inner Bracts
lineari-setaceous, nearly as long as outer. Blois. -

5. cserulea? From St. Pol de Léon. A
much smaller plant, with a flexuose stem. Cup
of Cal. less oblique. . Div. 4, triangulari-subu-
late, not acuminate, shorter than back of cup.

And with a branched Scape—

6. ramosa. Div. of Cal. 4, finely acumi-
nate, somewhat longer than back of cup. Outer
Bracts ovate, prolonged, acute; inner lanceo-
lato-setaceous. Length of Cor. about 4 in. Ger.

7. ramosa? From Nice. Div. of Cal. with
additional Tooth, acuminate, somewhat shorter
than back of cup. Outer Bracts ovato-triangu-

lar; inner obovate, with fineacumen. Length
of Cor. about 2 in.
8. ramosa? Near Sorrento. Spike long

and taper. Branches small. Div. of Cal. 5,
somewhat shorter than back of cup. Outer
Bract triangulari-subulate; inner lanceolate,
finely acute. Length of Cor. about 2 in.

These two are very much larger than is
usual im O. ramosa, of a diferent habit, and
of a darker colour.

615. LATHRAA,.

1. clandestina. Stem branched, subter-

282 615. LATHRAA.

ranean.
Lucea.

Fil. erect, solitary. p.5. w. France.

2. Squamaria. Flowering-stem erect, sim-

ple. Fl. drooping, in a seeund raceme. Lower
Lip trifid. p.4. Moist woods, occ.

LXXIT. ACANTHACEA.

Seeds without albumen, often fixed to ascending cartilaginous stalks.

In other respects lke the

Scrophulariacee.

616. ACANTHUS.

1. mollis. L. deeply inciso-pinnatifid. Seg.
ovate, acute, with coarse, mucronate, but not
spinescent teeth. Bracts broadly ovate. p.
5-7. Coasts of Mdt.

2. longifolius. 1. pinnatipartite. Segm.
oblong, sinuato-pinnatifid, and toothed. Teeth
ending in short spines. - Bracts oblongo-ovate.
p. 7. Onasmall island near Pola.

3. spinosissimus. L. pinnatifid or bi-
pinnatifid. Segm. narrow, and, as well as the
Rachis, furnished with unequal, very acute,
spinescent teeth. Terminal Segm. very long,
entire, but the veins running out into spines.
Cor. shorter than the upper Div. of the calyx,
much smaller than in 4. spinosus. p. 1.
Apulia and lapygia—Berrr. Bentham says
that the Fl. of A. spinosus are smaller than
those of A. spinosissimus.

LXXIl. VERBENACEZ.

Corolla of 1 tubular petal, with an irregular border, inferior.
Seeds 4, in a 2- or 4-celled capsule or berry.

longer. Style I.

617. VITEX.
1. Agnus-castus. L. 5—7, fingered. Lts.

lanceolate, acuminate, quite entire. Spikes in-
terrupted, terminal. s.S. 7, 8. Coasts of
Mdt. oce.
618. VERBENA.
1. officinalis. Stem erect. LL. oblong,

attenuate, trifid, laciniate and crenate. Spikes
filiform, panicled. a. 6-9. Uneult.

Stamens 2; or 4, of which 2

2. supina. Stem decumbent, much branch-
ed. IL. bipinnatifid. Spikes filiform, solitary.
a. Barren. Prov. Agosta in Sic.

619. ZAPANTIA.

1. repens. Hairless, creeping. L. cunei-
form ; wpper part toothed. Spikes short, co-
nical. Bracts obtuse. p. 6-8. Inundated
sea-side pastures. Sic. Sarzana.

LXXIV. LABIATA.

Calyx of 1 sepal. Corolla ringent (in the Menthoidee campanulate, and nearly regular).
Stamens 4 (except in four genera, which have only 2). Fruit in 4 detached lobes, each with a
single seed.—For the Tribes, see DipyNAMIA GYMNOSPERMIA.,

Tribe I. OCYMOIDEX.
620. LAVANDULA.

A. Spike with a crown of L. (comose).

1. Stoechas.
hoary.

L. oblongo-lnear, entire,
Spike crowded. Cal. exceeding tube

of corolla. s.S. 2-5.

It. Sic.

2. dentata. lL. oblongo-linear, pinnato-
dentate, pubescent. Spike lax. Cal. equalling
tube of corolla. s.S. Dry. Monte Gar-
gano. Sic. Not in Bert. or Guss.

Stony hills. s. Fr.

LABIATAE.

B. Spike slender, not comose. Whorls 6-14-
flowered. Branches naked at the upper
part.

3. vera. LL. oblongo-linear, quite entire,
hoary. Floral L. rhombeo-ovate, acuminate ;
upper falling short of calyces. Bracts nearly
wanting. s.S. 7, 8. Hills. Malesherbes.
Kreutznach. s. Alps. Coasts of Mdt.

B. pyrenaica. Lower Floral L. longer. Cal.
with a more evident appendage. e. Pyr.

4, Spica. L. oblongo-lanceolate, somewhat
spatulate. Spikes interrupted. Floral L. linear
or lanceolate ; upper falling short of calyces.
Bracts lineari-subulate. s.S. 5-9. Dry. s.
Fr. K. Nap. Sic.

C. Flowers solitary, opposite. Calyx 13-nerved,
somewhat 2-linped.

5. multifida. Stems leafy. L. bipinnati-
fid. Segm. somewhat cuneate, acute. Floral
L. broadly cordate (ovate, BERT.), acuminate,
villous, equalling calyx. Spike rather dense.
p. 3-6. Capo delle Armi, Cal.

Tribe Il. MENTHOIDEA.
621. ELSHOLTZIA.

1. cristata. L. stalked, elliptic. Floral
L.. subrotund, acuminate, ciliate. Spikes se-
cund, panicled. a. 7,8. elds. un. G.

622. PRESLIA.

1. cervina. Prostrate. L. linear or li-
neari-lanceolate, obtuse, quite entire, dotted.
Whorls many-flowered, distant, not terminal.
p. 7,8. Muddy. s. Fr.

623. MENTHA.

A. Throat of Calyx naked.
i, L. sessile.

a. Whorls approximate, forming a terminal
spike.

1. macrostachya. L. broadly ovato-ellip-
tic, obtuse, rugose, hoary above, downy beneath.
Floral L. linear, with setaceous acumen. (Bracts
bipartite, Guss.) p. 7-9. MMorst. It. com-
mon.

2. rotundifolia. L. ovato-subrotund, cre-
nate, rugose, hairy above, woolly beneath.
Bracts ovato-lanceolate. Cal. hairy. yp. 7, 8.
Moist meadows and banks.

9

©

0

283

3. sylvestris. L. ovato-lanccolate, downy,
white beneath. Cal. villoso-tomentose. p.
7, 8. Moist banks and thickets.

a. cana, SoLb. L. covered with a white

down on both sides.

B. villosa, Sou. L. white beneath, hairy

and wrinkled above.

y. Rosani, Ten. IL. white beneath, nearly

smooth above.

6. undulata, Wituv. L. curly.

L. ovato-lanceolate, unequally

All floral L. bracteiform,
p. 7, 8. Alsace.

4. viridis.
serrate, hairless.
about equalling flowers.
Ger. Pdm. Lig. Rome.

b. All the Whorls remote.

5. pratensis. L. ovato-lanceolate, serrate,
nearly hairless. Floral L. similar to the others,
about twice as. long as flowers. Cal. cam-
panulate, with hairy teeth: the Stalks smooth.
p- 7, 8. Wet. Eng. Distinguished from
M. rubra dy the sessile L., BENTH.; but im
Sole’s figure the lower L. are stalked, and they
are described by him as subpetiolate.

ii. L. stalked.

a. Upper Whorls forming a terminal spike
or head.

6. nepetoides. “ L. ovate, sessile, densely
pubescent. Spike oblongo-cylindrical. Upper
Bracts lineari-subulate. Teeth of Cal. lineari-
setaceous, porrect in the fruit. p. 7, 8. Ditches,
banks of streams.’—Kocu. Resembles M.
sylvestris, except for the stalked L. Lejeune
compares it to Nepeta Cataria in general ap-
pearance.

7. urticifolia. “ L. broadly ovate, ellip-
tic, folded, hirsute, serrate. Whorls forming
a spike; cymes of the lower condensed into
stalked heads! Floral L. cuspidate, inciso-
dentate. p. Marshes. Lucania.” — TEN.
Put by Bentham with M. sylvestris, but
Tenore mentions leaf-stalks. Bert. puts it with
hirsuta.

8. aquatica. Hairs reflexed. LL. ovate,
obtuse, serrate, hispid.. Upper floral L. bractei-
form. Upper Whorls forming a head, or
blunt terminal spike. Base of Cal. and Stalks
covered with reflexed hairs. p. 7,8. Wet.

a. hirsuta, SmitH, Upper Fl. in heads.

B. verticillata. F\. in whorled spikes.

9. suavis. LL. ovate, acute, serrate, softly
downy or villous on both sides, pale or hoary
beneath. Upper floral L. often small, lanceo-
late. Lower Whorls remote; upper forming a
2

wo“

284 623. MENTHA.

cylindrical spike. p. Autumn. Avig. Rhine.
Parma. 4 variety of M. piperita, according
to Koch; of M. hirsuta, according to Bert.

10. piperita. L. ovato-oblong, acute, ser-
rate, with rounded crenatures at base, nearly
hairless. Spike lax, obtuse, interrupted at base.
Base and Stalks of Cal. hairless. p. 8. Wet.
Bath. Norfolk. Ober Baden. Ratisbon. Tyrol.
Not in Italy.

ll. citrata. lL. broadly ovate, hairless.
Whorls few ; upper united in an oblong head.
Stalks and Cal. hairless. p. 7, 8. Wet.
Cheshire. n. Wales. Bedford. It.

b. All the Whorls distinct, not essentially
terminating the branch. L. all similar.

12. preecox. Whole Plant hairless. L.
elliptic ovate. Whorls many-flowered, bracte-
ate. Cal. campanulate. p. 6. Wet,— SoLe.
M. arvensis 0 of Benth.

13. rubra. Plant nearly hairless. Stem
flexuose, weak, branched. lL. ovate. Whorls
numerous, stalked, many-flowered. Bracts li-
near, ciliate. Teeth alone of the cylindrical
Cal. hairy. p.9. Wet. M. arvensis 6 of
Benth.

14. gracilis. Stem and L. hairless, much
branched. LL. lanceolate. Whorls many-flow-
ered. Bracts lanceolate. Cal. campanulate,
villous. Stalks smooth. p. 8, 9. Wet.
M. arvensis 7 of Benth.

15. arvensis. Stem and L. villous. L.
ovate. Whorls remote, many-flowered. Bracts
lanceolate-subulate. Cal. campanulate, villous.

Stalks smooth. p. 6-9. elds. M. ar-
vensis € and ¢ of Benth.
16. sativa. LL. villous, ovate. Whorls

numerous, stalked, many-flowered. Cal. and
Stalks hirsute. p. 8, 9. Wet. According
to Smith, the throat of the Cal. is sometimes
hay.

B. Calyx two-lipped. Throat villous within.

17. Pulegium. Prostrate, much branched.
L. stalked, ovate, green on both sides. Whorls
all remote, globose, many-flowered. Cal. his-
pid. p.7, 8. Woods and marshy places,
occasionally.

18. Requieni. Small, creeping, quite
smooth. Stems filiform. lL. rounded, stalked.
Whorls lax, few-flowered. p. 6, 7. Moist
mountains. Cors. Sard.

Doubtful.

19. angustifolia, Hosv. Hrect, rough

L. lineari-lanceolate, flat, denticulate above the
middle. Whorls approximate. Bracts lanceo-
late, ciliate. Flower-stalks hispid. Throat of
Cal. hairy.— BEentu.

624. LYCOPUS.

1. europzeus. No rudiment of the upper
Stamen. Cal. with 5 acute teeth. L. stalked,
sometimes pinnatifid at base. Stem erect.
Runners 0. p. 7,8. Wet banks.

2. exaltatus. Rudiment of upper Stamen
capitate. Cal. with 5 acute teeth. L. stalked,
pinnatifid. Seeds equalling teeth of calyx.
p. 7, 8. Damp. s. Fr. It. Confluence of
Rhine and Maine. Great pool at Capricia in
Isl. Veglia.

Tribe IT. MONARDEA.
625. SALVIA.

A. Lower ends of the Connectives of the two
Anthers turned upwards, and united to-
gether or approximate. Tube of Corolla
with an internal ring.

i. Calyx with 4 or 5 nearly equal teeth.
a. Teeth acute, hardly enlarged in the
fruit. Sp. 1-3.
b. Teeth expanded at the end, especially
in the fruit. Sp. 4.
ii. Upper Lip of Calyx nearly entire.
Sp. 5.

B. Lower ends of Connectives bent down-
wards, expanded at the extremity, and
connate. No ring in Tube of Corolla.

i. Upper Lip of Calyx truncate, with 3
small, equal, erect teeth. Sp. 6, 7.

ii. Upper Lip of Calyx truncate. Teeth
small, erect; the middle shortest. Sp.
8-10.

iii. Upper Lip of Cal. with 3 very small
connivent teeth.

a. Helmet falcate, compressed. Sp. 11
-19.

b. Helmet concave, nearly straight.
Sp. 20-25.

G. Lower ends of Connectives directed down-
wards, linear, connate. Both Lobes of
the Style filiform. Sp. 26.

D. Lower ends of Connectives remote, tooth-
like. Sp. 27. ‘

DLABIATA. 285

A. Lower ends of the Connectives of the two
Anthers turned upwards, and connate or
approximate. Tube of Corolla with an
internal ring.

i. Calyx with 4 or 5 nearly equal, acute

teeth.

a. Teeth hardly enlarged in the fruit.

1. officinalis. A hoary Shrub. L. entire,
flat, rugose, oblongo-lanceolate. Floral L.
ovate, prolonged, acute. Whorls few-flowered.
Cal. membranous, striate, not viscid. Teeth
acuminate, exceeding floral L. s.S.6. Rocky.
s. Fr. occ. Trieste. K. Nap.

2. confusa. L. generally interruptedly pin-
nate, rugose, white and woolly beneath. Ter-
minal Lt. very large, attenuate; lateral Lis.
rounded at base. Whorls many-fiowered,
racemose. Cal. villous, not viscid. s. Eur. ?
—BENTH.

3. triloba. L. cordate, rugose, crenulate,
white and woolly beneath, with 2 small Lts.
or segments at base. Whorls 6—10-flowered,
somewhat panicled. Cal. viscid. Diy. acute.
w. 4,5. Cale. hills. Syracuse. Calab.

b. Teeth expanded at the end, especially in
the fruit.

4. canariensis. L. hastato-triangular, un-
divided. Flcral L. incurved. Cai. membra-
nous, coloured. s.S. 4, 5. Palermo. s-
capes.

ii. Upper Lip of Calyx truncate, entire, or
with 3 very short teeth.

5. glutinosa. Lower L. cordato-sagittate ;
upper ovate, acuminate. Whorls distant, 6-
flowered. Middle Div. of Label crenate. p.
7-9. Shady ills. s.S. Sw. s. and c. G.
n. Italy.

B. Barren part of Connective bent down-
wards, expanded at the extremity and con-
nate. No Ring.

i. Upper Lip of Calyx truncate, with 3 small,
equal, erect teeth.

6. Hforminum. L. oval-oblong, crenate,
villous. Upper floral L. enlarged, membranous,
coloured, flowerless. Whorls distant, 6-flow-
ered. a. 5,6. JMelds. Rous. Nice. Apulia.

7. viridis. Lower L. oval-oblong, crenate,
villous ; upper somewhat cordate. Floral L. very
broad, acute, gradually diminishing upwards.
Cal. of Fr. often veflexed. a. 5,6. Barren
hills: Sic. K. Nap.

ii. Upper Lip of Calyx truncate. Teeth
small, erect; the middle shortest. Floral
L. very broad, with a point.

8. argentea. Stem brachiate. Lower L.

broadly ovate, cuneate at base, eroso-sinuate,
furnished with a loose white wool. Pan. much
branched. Upper floral L. without flowers.
p. 5,6. Hot dry. Cal. Monte di Camma-
rata, Sicily.

B. candidissima.

9. H&thiopis. Lower L. elliptic; all in-
ciso-dentate ; upper cordato-amplexicaul, fur-
nished with a loose, white, entangled wool.
Pan. much branched, fertile to the end. Teeth
of Cal. somewhat spinescent. b. 5, 6. Dry
uncult. s. Fr. Pdm, Aust.

10. Selarea. L. broad cordate, eroso-cre-
nate, wrinkled, finely hoary. Floral L. rhom-
beo-ovate, very broad, acuminate, exceeding
calyx. Rac. panicled. Div. of Cal. subspi-
noso-acuminate. b. 6. Grassy hills. Hr.
Spa. Istr. Vall. It.

iii. Upper Lip of Calyx with 3 very small,
connivent teeth.
a. Helmet falcate, compressed.

1l. garganica. Plant everywhere covered
with viscid hairs. L. cordato-oblong, scabrous,
green on both sides, lower deeply sinuate. Rac.
branched. Whorls 6-flowered. Cor. twice
calyx. Stamens included. Upper Whorls
caducous. p. 6-8. Meadows. Monte Gar-
gano.

Stem erect, leafless. Sic.

12. viscosa. Plant everywhere covered
with viscid hairs. L. broad cordate, somewhat
sinuate, eroso-crenate. Floral L. rounded,
about half as long as calyx. Rac. branched.
Cor. three times calyx. Stamens included. p.
Euganean hills. Not ix Bert. Resembles vir-
gata, but the L. are larger, and it is every-
where viscid.

13. austriaca. lL. broad cordate, eroso-
dentate, nearly hairless above. Stem-L. few
and small. Rac. not much branched. Whorls
6-flowered. Hairs of inflorescence glandular.
Stamens very exsert. 7. yellow. p. 5, 6.
Grassy hills. Aust. :

14. pratensis. Root fusiform. Lower L.
cordato-oblong, unequally crenate, nearly hair-
less above; upper amplexicaul. Rac. nearly
simple. Whorl nearly naked. Hairs of in-
florescence glandular. Stamens hardly or not
at all exsert. Cor. puzp/e, three times calyx.
p. 6,7. Grassy hills.

286 625. SALVIA.

15. heematodes. Branches of Root thick-
ened. L. somewhat cordate, prolonged; the
lower lobed, crenate, nearly hairless above.
Stem-L. few. Hairs of Inflorescence glandular.
Cor. three times calyx. Stamens included. p. 5.
Coasts. s. It.

16. sclareoides. Cor. twice calyx. Differs
Jrom pratensis only in the shorter Fl. Has
the habit of S. clandestina, but the L. are dif-
Serent. Coasts of Mdt.—Brntp. Bert. does
not notice it. Query if same as tiberina.

17. virgata. Root fusiform. L. cordato-
oblong, scabrous, sublobato-crenate, nearly hair-
less above. Branches of Pan. many, rod-like.
Floral L. cordate, amplexicaul, acuminate.
Whorls 6- flowered. Hairs of Inflorescence
glandular. p. 6,7. Flor. Tiv. K. Nap. Jn-
cludes 8. pyrenaica, LINN.

18. tiberina. Branches of Root thickened.
L. cordato-oblong, lobed, somewhat scabrous,
nearly hairless above. Hairs without glands.
Rac. nearly simple. Cor. twice calyx. Stamens
included. p.6,7. Dry banks. w.of Rome.

19. ceratophylloides. L. inciso-pinna-
tifid. Segm. horizontal, acute, nearly hair-
less above, numerous. Rac. somewhat branched.
Hairs of inflorescence glandular. All the Whorls
fertile. Cor. twice calyx. p.6,7. Dry hills.
Reggio. s. Sicily.

b. Helmet concave, nearly straight.

20. clandestina. LL. ovato-oblong, inci-
so-dentate or pinnatifid. Segm. acute, nearly
hairless above, villous beneath, very rugose.
Hairs of Inflorescence glandular. Cor. twice
calyx. Spike short and truncate. p. 5-8.
Grassy hills. s. Fr. It. Istv.

B. multifida. LL. deeply inciso-pinnatifid.

21. verbenaca. L. broadly cordato-ob-
long, lobed (not half-way to the midrib, BEN.),
or angularly cuneate, nearly hairless above.
Hairs of Inflorescence glandular. Cor. not
much exceeding calyx. Spike lengthened. p.
5-8. Dry banks.

B.incisa. Lower L. deeply incise. Not in G.

22. Bertolonii (scabrida, Brrt.). “L.
ovato-oblong, exactly cordate (at-base), some-
what lobed, unequally toothed, rough beneath,
as is the Stem. Rac. branched. Bracts shorter
than the calyx. Cor. very small: upper lip
with glandular hairs. p. 5, 6. Lecco.” —BErr.

23. comtroversa. L. lineari-oblong, di-
vided more than half-way. Segm. oblongo-
linear, obtuse, revolute, pubescent and green

on both sides. Rac. branched. Hairs of In-
florescence glandular. Cor. hardly exceeding
calyx. p. 4, againin Autumn. Sandy. It. oce.

24, oblongata. Lower L. oblongo-lanceo-
late, stalked, crenate, erect, lobed. Hairs without
glands. Cal. very villous, bearded on margin.
Cor. twice calyx. p. 5,6. Lucania.—Burrr.
Except im the want of glands, hardly distin-
guishable from 8. verbenaca; but the plant
as smaller, and the Fl. larger.

25. sylvestris. L. undivided, oblongo-lan-
ceolate, generally cordate at base, hairless above.
Rae. long, straight, somewhat branched. Hairs
without glands. p.7, 8. Grassy sills, vine-
yards. s. Fr. s. G.

CG. Ends of Connectives directed downwards,
linear, connate. Both Lobes of the Style
subulate or filiform.

26. hispanica. IL. ovate, acute at each
end, stalked. Floral L. bracteiform, deciduous,
as long as calyx. Whorls equal all round.
Spikes terminal, tiled, 4-sided. a. 6,7. Olive-
grounds. Oneglia.

D. Connectives remote: the lower end re-
duced to an acute, deflexed tooth.

27. verticillata. L. ovato-cordate, lyrate,
crenato-dentate, green. Whorl with 20 or 30
flowers, nearly naked. Div. of Cal. acuminate.
Style resting on lower lip of corolla. p. 7.
Pastures. m. and s. Hur. oce. s. G. abundant.

626. ROSMARINUS.

L. linear, sessile, entire,
Fl. in short axillary

1. officinalis.
with revolute margin.

racemes. s.8.4,5. Dry cale. fills. Mat.
627. ZIZYPHORA.
1. capitata. LL. ovato-lanceolate. Floral

L. very broad, rhombeo - ovate, acuminate.
Whorls collected into a subglobose, terminal
head. Cal. hispid. a.6. elds. s. It.

2. tenuior. L. lanceolate: all nearly simi-
lar. Whorls axillary, distinct. Cal. very hairy.
Cor. not much exceeding calyx. a. Apulia.
— BENTH.

628. HORMINUM.

l. pyrenaicum. L. nearly all radical,
stalked, ovate. Whorls distant, 6-flowered.
Floral L. bract-like, shorter than calyx. p.
7, 8. High pastures. Pyv. Vall. s. Tyr. Carn.
Mts. of Carrara.

LABIATZ. 287

Tribe IV. SATUREINEA.
629. ORIGANUM.

1. vulgare. Erect, villous. L. stalked,
ovate, obtuse, somewhat serrate, green on
both sides. Spikes oblong, corymboso-pan-
icled. Bracts ovate, coloured, without glan-
dular dots on the inner side. p.7, 8. Bushy,
on gravel or limestone.

B. creticum, Linn. Fr. in long, somewhat
prismatic spikes.

y. virens. “1. ovato-oblong, obsoletely ser-
rate, hairy when young. Bracts oval,
acute, somewhat ciliate, otherwise hairless,
exceeding the glandular calyx.” —Guss.
6, 7. Sicily.

2. heracieoticum. Nearly erect, glan-
dular. LL. somewhat stalked, broad ovate, ob-
tuse, quite entire. Pan. of oblong, crowded
spikes. Bracts ovate, acute, green, exceeding
calyx (with glandular dots on both margins,”
Kocu). p. 6,7. Dry rough. Trieste. Cal.
O. hirtum of Koch ; but he describes the L. as
shortly acuminate.

630. MAJORANA.

1. Onites. Hirsute, erect. lL. ovate, ses-
sile, somewhat serrate. Spikes small, numerous,
ovoid. w.5—7. Rocks and dry cale. hills.
Syr., Sponti, Sic.

631. SATUREJA.

A. Bracts small or wanting.

1. hortensis. Annual, erect, pubescent.
Whorls subsecund ; the lower remote, about 5-
flowered. L. lineari-lanceolate, acute. a. 7-9.
Warm gravel. s. Kur.

2.montana. Nearly smooth. L. oblongo-
linear, acute. Lower sometimes spatulate, ob-
tuse. Whorls lax, 6—10-flowered, secund, ap-
proximate, forming a raceme (or spike). (Bracts
linear, Bert.) Div. of Lip of Cor. oblong,
obtuse, nearly equal. w. 7-9. Dry hills.
s. Europe.

3. variegata. Stem nearly terete, pubes-
cent. L. lanceolate; the upper mucronate.
Whorls about 6-flowered. Div. of lower Lip of
Cor. retuse: the middle one subrotund, twice
as broad as the others. w. 7, 8. Warm. Carn.
adr. G.

4, cuneifolia. Scabro-hispid. L. oblongo-
linear, acute. Whorls 6-flowered. Bracts ob-
ovate. Div. of lower Lip of Cor. oblong, cre-

nate, nearly equal. w. 6-8.

Leece. Cape Leucas.

5. pygmeea. Stem 4-edged, smooth. L.
lanceolate, acuminate; the upper mucronate.
Middle Div. of lower Lip wider than others,
obcordate. w. 7, 8. Rocky hills. Carn.
Fiume.

Manfredonia.

B. Bracts conspicuous. Whorls many-flow-
ered, forming a dense globe.

6. Thymbra. Diffuse, hispid. L. oblongo-
linear ; lower often obovato-cuneate. All Whorls
remote. w. 4,5. Rough hills. Sard.

632. HYSSOPUS.

1. officinalis. Rac. one-sided. Interme-
diate Segm. of Cor. 2-lobed, entire. L. lineari-
lanceolate. w. 7-10. m. and s. Eur. occ,
rare in G.

6338. THYMUS.
A. Floral L. similar to the others.

1. vulgaris. Stem ascending or erect.
L. sessile, fascicled, lineari-lanceolate, acute,
Margin revolute. Floral L.. obtuse. Whorls lax,
somewhat distant. s.S. 5,6. Dry rocky. Mdt.

2. Piperella. Procumbent. Branches
rigid, ascending. LL. stalked, broadly ovate,
thick, regularly nerved, without cilia. Margin
somewhat revolute. p. 5,6. Marit. rocks.
Isl. of Maretimo.

3. Eferba-Barona. Procumbent, hair-
less. Flowering-branches short, ascending. L.
stalked, ovato-lanceolate; upper acute, some-
what ciliate. Veins conspicuous. w. 6, 7.
Corsica.

4. Serpyllum. Procumbent. LL. some-
what stalked, ovate or oval, attenuate, obtuse,
veiny. Margin and Stalk ciliate. w. 6. Open
dry. oce.

B. montanus. .. larger and less rigid.

5. angustifolius. “ Procumbent. Flow-
ering-branches ascending. L. somewhat stalked,
oblongo-linear, attenuate, veiny. Margin and
Stalk ciliate. Cal. usuaily hairless. Teeth of
upper Lip short, lanceolato-ovate ; of lower
subulate, ciliate. w. Dry hills. s. Bur.’?—
Bentu. T. Zygis of Linneus, according to
Benth. ; but the name has been so variously
applied, that rt 1s better to drop tt.

6. pannonicus. “ Procumbent.
ering-branches ascending, villous.

Flow-
L. some-

288 633. THYMUS.

what stalked, linear; or the lower oblong, at-
tenuate, veiny. Margin and Stalks ciliate.
Cal. villous. Teeth of upper Lip short, lan-
ceolato-ovate; of lower subulate. w. 7, 8.
Dry hills. s. G. nu. 1t.”—Brrt. These two
are considered by Koch as varieties of T. Ser-
pyllum.

B. Floral L. much broader than the rest,
but nearly of same colour and substance.

7. striatus. Procumbent. Flowering-
branches ascending, downy. L. nearly sessile,
linear, attenuate, rigid, smooth, ciliate. Floral
L. broad cordate, striate, pubescent. Cal. pu-
bescent, tiled into a crowded head. w. 5, 6.
Dry cale. hills. 8. Mt. Sic.

8. capitatus. Procumbent at base, much
branched. Barren Branches somewhat spines-
cent. L. sessile, oblong or linear, flat. Floral
L. ovate, ciliate, covermg calyces. w. 7, 8.
Dry stony. K. Nap. Sic. Sard.

C. Floral L. large, membranous, coloured.

9. Gephalotus. Hrect, branched, hoary.
L. sessile, linear, small, fascicled. Margin re-
volute. Floral L. ovate, acute, covering calyces.
w. On the banks of the Oreto near Palermo.”
—UcrIa.

Tribe V. JLELISSINE.
634. MICROMERIA.

A. Teeth of Calyx subulate, finely acute.
i. Upper L. oblong. Margin revolute.

1. juliana. Branches rod-like, erect. Bracts
nearly equalling sessile calyx. Fascicles of FI.
dense. Throat of Cal. naked. Lower L. sessile,
ovate, obtuse. w. 7,8. Stony. Rome. Nap. Sic.

2. tenuifolia. Branches slender. Root-
L. elliptico-ovate ; upper oblongo-linear. Floral
L. equalling cymes. Bracts numerous, about
half as long as nearly sessile calyx. w. 6, 7.
Calc. coasts. s. It. Sic.

3. grzeca. Branches rod-like, erect. Lower
L. sessile, ovate. Cymes (to extremity of Cal.)
equalling floral L. Bracts falling short of calyx.
Fascicles lax, stalked. Cal. nearly sessile.
Throat villous. w.6, 7. Stony and rocks. Mat.

B. cosentina, TEN. LL. narrower.
4. nervosa. Cal.villous with long, spreading
hairs. All L. ovate, acute. Whorls many-flow-

ered. Bracts about equalling pedicel. s.S. 5, 6.
Dry hills and rocks. Sic. Gallipoli. Otranto-

5. canescens. ‘‘Stem slender, branched
at base and at top. Lower L. ovate; upper
lineari-lanceolate, acute. Stalks 2—7-flowered.
Bracts equalling flower-stalks. Cal. very vil-
lous with soft, spreading hairs. Dry calc. hills.
Sic.” —Guss.

6. microphylla. “ Nearly smooth. Branches
slender, decumbent. L. small, ovate and ob-
long. Stalks 3-8-flowered, somewhat shorter
than floral L. Bracts equalling flower-stalks.
Cal. covered with adpressed hairs. w. 4, 5.
Dry hills. Sic. Lecce.”—Guss.

7. thymoides. ‘Tufted. Branches fili-
form, downy with deflexed hairs. LL. revolute
on margin, hardly nerved at back, midrib
hairy. Lower L. ovate, others linear, narrowed
at base, sessile, rather obtuse. Surface with
adpressed hairs. Cymes axillary, stalked, naked:
the lower 1—2-flowered, remote; uppermost
crowded, somewhat secund, 3—4-flowered. Pe-
dicels equalling the linear bracts, three times
shorter than calyx. Cal. ovate, somewhat ven-
tricose, 13-nerved. Throat hardly villous.
Upper Teeth triangular, somewhat recurved ;
lower with spreading hairs. w. Near One-
glia. Seems to differ from M. microphylla
principally in the linear upper L.”—BENTH.

8. approximata. Procumbent. Branches
diffuse, leafy. L. fascicled. Stem-L. oblongo-
lanceolate. Cymes somewhat exceeding L-
Cal. not longer than combined stalks. Bract
equalling flower-stalk. w. 2-5 and in Au-
tumn. lapygia. Sic. and Isl.

ii. All L. flat and broadly ovate.

Tube of Cal. pubescent.
Branches diffuse. Fascicles lax, stalked, few-
flowered. L. glabrous on both sides, broadly
ovate, obtuse. Bract small, oblong. Throat
of Cal. naked. w. 17, 8. Mountains. Pdm.
Liguria.

9. Piperella.

10. Pulegium. “ Herbaceous, ascending,
pubescent. IL. stalked, ovate, dentate, green
on both sides. Rac. crowded, secund. Cymes
somewhat dichotomous, few-flowered. ‘Teeth
of Cal. setaceous. Throat villous. p. Fiume.
Lowest L. subrotund ; upper acute, and acutely
dentate: all rugose, and rough with short
hars. Cal. cylindrical. Teeth longer than
width of tube.’ —BENTH,

B. Teeth of Calyx as broad as long.

ll. marifolia. Hoary. L. ovate, nearly
entire, white beneath. Rac. lax, many-flow-
ered. Teeth of Cal. obtuse, nearly equal.

LABIATZ. 289

Throat villous.
US nrSeu Eira?

Cor. twice as long as calyx.

12. rupestris. “Ascending, smooth or
very finely hoary. L. stalked, ovate or oblong,
obtuse, somewhat dentate. Floral L. gradually
smaller. Rac. dense, leafy, branched, secund.
Cymes on short stalks, with many crowded
flowers. Cal. shortly tubular. Teeth nearly
equal. Throat naked. Cor. three times as long
as calyx. w. at base. 7,8. Rocky. Carn.
Carinthia. Istria. Floral L. shorter than flow-
ers. Bracts minute. Cal. 13-nerved.”—Brrr.

635. CALAMINTHA.

A. Calyx nearly equal at base.
1. grandiflora. L. stalked, ovate, acute,
coarsely dentate. Rac. lax, few-flowered. Throat
of Cal. nearly naked, very open. Cor. more

than twice calyx. 7,8. Shady hills. m. and
s. Europe.
2. sylvatica. lL. ovate, sessile. Cymes

7-flowered, the lower falling short of L. Com-
mon Stalk about as long as primary partial
stalk. Cor. about four times tube of calyx.
Root sending out slender runners. p. 7, 8.
Woody. ww. ands. Hur.—Dr. BRomFIELD.

3. officinalis. L. ovate, obscurely crenate.
Cymes 7-flowered, the lower falling short of
L. Common Stalk not half as long as primary
partial stalk. Root stout, woody. p. 7, 8.
Woody hills and hedges.

4. nepetoides. L. ovate, serrate. Cymes
7-flowered, all exceeding L. Common Stalk
about as long as primary partial stalk, and
much longer than L. in upper cymes. Root
slender, with runners. p. 8,9. Stony bor-
ders. Dau. Prov.—Jorpan.

5. Nepeta. L. subrotundo-ovate, crenate.
Cymes typically 15-flowered, lower equalling
L. Common Stalk about as long as primary
partial stalk. Root stout, woody. p. 7, 5.
Warm banks.

6. glandulosa. L. ovate, somewhat acute,
coarsely serrate. Whorls forming a very lax,
few-flowered, secund raceme. Cal. closed with
hairs. Cor. hardly exceeding calyx. p. or w.
7, 38. Niolo in Cors.

7. thymifolia. Hoary. L. stalked, ovate,
obtuse, entire or very obscurely crenate. Whorls
forming a lax, secund raceme. Cal. closed with
hairs. Lips very short. Cor. nearly twice
calyx. p. ocks. Carn. Idria? Not no-
ticed by Koch, whose C. thymifolia 2s Micro-
meria rupestris.

B. Calyx nearly sessile, gibbous at base.
Throat villous.

8. graveolens. Erect, villous. L. stalked,
ovate, somewhat serrate. Floral L. similar,
exceeding flowers. Whorls 6-flowered. Lips
of Cal. incurved, as long as tube. Cor. nearly
half as long again as calyx. a. 6, 7. Umbria.
K. Naples.

9. Acinos. Pubescent. LL. ovate, some-
what serrate, all similar. Floral L. exceeding

flowers. Whorls 6-flowered, remote. Lips of
Cal. shorter than tube. Cor. hardly exceeding
calyx, a. 6-8. Melds.

10. patavina. Herbaceous, ascending, pu-
bescent. L. stalked, ovate, acute, nearly smooth,
veiny, all similar. Lips of Cal. shorter than
tube. Cor. hardly twice calyx. p. Verona.
Pdm. mdt. Fr. Bentham quotes C. acinoides
of Tenore, but the descriptions hardly agree,
nor the habitats. C. patavina is, perhaps, a
var. of alpina. Bert. pronounces vt an ima-
gary plant.

1]. acinoides. “ Woody, ascending. Stem
villous with recurved hairs. Lower L. ovate,
obtuse ; upper lanceolate, acute, nearly entire,
without dots, green on both sides. (Lips of
Cal. shorter than tube.) Whorls 6-flowered.
Fl. nearly sessile. Cor. twice calyx. w. 5, 6.
Lucania. Lecce.’—TEN.

12. microphylla. Woody, small. L.
stalked, subrotund, quite entire, all similar.
Lips of Cal. much shorter than tube. Cor.
twice calyx. w.7. Monte Coscione, Corsica.
—BErRT?T.

13. alpina. Diffuse, pubescent. L. stalked,

ovate or subrotund, hardly serrate. Lips of
Cal. shorter than tube. Cor. more than twice
calyx. p. 6-8. Shady mountains. m. and
s. Hurope.

14. rotundifolia. “‘ Stems tufted, diffuse,
with spreading pubescence. L. roundish ovate,
somewhat serrate, rather hairy. Whorls 4—10-
flowered. Cal. villous, tubular. Cor. two to
four times as long as calyx. Throat inflated.
b. p. 5, 6. Hill pastures. Madonie, &c.’’—
Guss.

636. CLINOPODIUM.

1. vulgare. Erect, villous. Whorls equal,
many-flowered. Involucrum as long as calyx.
p. 7,8. Hedges, Sc.

637. MELISSA.

1. officinalis. Erect, branched. L. some-

290 637. MELISSA.

what cordate, all nearly similar. Whorls lax.
Bracts few, ovate. p. 7, 8. Woods and
hedges. Sty. adr. G. It.

B. altissima, FL. Gr.; villosa, BENTH. ;
cordifolia, PErs.

Tribe VI. SCUTELLARINEZ.
638. SCUTELLARIA.

A. Floral L. small, differing from the others.

1. alpina. L. nearly sessile, ovate, serra-
to-crenate. Floral L. membranous. Spike
oblong, 4-sided. p. 7, 8. w. Alps. Pyr.
Calabria.

2. Columnee. Erect, branched, downy.
L. stalked, cordate, crenate. Floral L. ovate.
Rac. long, lax, somewhat branched, secund.
Cal. of Fr. very large, exceeding floral L. Cor.
six times calyx. p.5, 6. Woody. Paris.
s. Fr. It.

3. altissima. LHrect. Faces of Stem and
upper surface of L. hairless. L. stalked, cor-
dato-lanceolate. Floral L. ovate. Rac. long,
lax, somewhat branched. Fl. opposite, se-
cund. Cal. of Fr. very large, exceeding floral
L.. Cor. four times calyx. (Corolla about 7
lines long, while im 8. Columne zt is 11,
Bents.) p. 5,6. Umbria. Samnium. Abruzzi.

4. Gussonii. “Erect. Hairs of Stem and
L.-stalk spreading. lL. coarsely crenate: all
cordate at base. Rac. long, hairy. Bracts
ovato-oblong, attenuate at each end, exceeding
calyx. Cor. 8-10 lines long. p. 6,7. Shade.
Sicily.”’—Guss.

5. peregrina. Procumbent. Branches
nearly smooth. lL. stalked, ovate, crenate,
somewhat truncate at base. Floral L. stalked,
ovato-oblong, attenuate, acute, quite entire, pu-
bescent. Rac. long, lax. Fl. nearly sessile, op-
posite, secund. Cal. large, hairy. Cor. downy
externally, 4 or 5 lines im length. p. 6, 7.
Sicily.

B. Horal L. like others, or only gradually
smaller.

6. galericulata. Branches spreading. L.
on very short stalks, somewhat cordato-lanceo-
late, slightly serrate. Fl. axillary, secund, on
short stalks. p. 7,8. Wet.

7. hastifolia. Ascending, nearly simple.
L. on short stalks, ovato-lanceolate, truncate at
base, somewhat hastate. Margin entire. Fl.

secund, somewhat racemose. Cor. long. Throat:
dilated. p. Moist meadows. Orléans. Angers.
Ger. scatt. n. It.

8. minor. Hairless. lL. on short stalks,
cordato-lanceolate, somewhat hastate. Floral
L. lanceolate, rounded at base: all obtuse. FI.
axillary, secund. Cor. nearly smooth. Throat
hardly dilated. p. 7,8. Boggy meadows.

639. PRUNELLA.

1. hyssopifolia. L. sessile, oblongo-lan-
ceolate, quite entire, strigose. Lateral Teeth
of upper Lip of Cal. lanceolate. Open dry.
s. Fr. Pdm.

2. grandiflora. L. stalked, ovate, toothed
or quite entire; wpper sometimes pinnatiid.
Lateral Teeth of upper Lip of Cal. lanceolate.
Cor. large, more than twice as long as calyx.
(Stamens pointless, Kocu.) p. 7, 8. Dry
cale. hills. s, and m. Eur.

3. vulgaris. L. stalked. Teeth of upper
Lip of Cal. truncate, with a point. Cor. not
twice calyx. (Longer Stamens with a straight
spine-like tooth, Kocu.) p. 6-8. Grassy.

a. L. oblong, entire or nearly entire.

B. pinnatifida. LL. incise or pinnatifid.

y. parviflora. FI. hardly exceeding calyx.

4. alba. L. stalked. Teeth of upper Lip
of Cal. ovate, acuminato-aristate. Stamens
with a curved, spine-like tooth. Teeth of the
lower Lip without internervous veins. L.
sometimes divided. p. 7,8. Dry pastures.
Sw. Tyr. lower Aust.—Kocu.

B. laciniata, Linn. L. pinnatifid.

640. CLEONIA.

1. lusitanica. LL. deeply dentate, or se-
mipimnatifid. Has the appearance of Prunella
alba. Between Carcassone and Sorriciniwm.

Tribe VII. NEPETEZL.

641. NEPETA.

&.. Outer Bracts equalling calyx. Upper

Whorls collected into a terminal spike.

l. tuberosa. IL. cordato-lanceolate, cre-
nate: lower stalked; upper sessile. Bracts
ovate, reticulate, coloured. Teeth of Cal.
equalling tube of corolla. p. 5, 6. Dry fields.
Palermo, Pallavicino, Sponti, in Sic.

LABIATA. 291

9. foliosa. Villous, viscid. Stem erect,
woolly. L. subcordato-oblong, acutely serrate.
Cymes shorter than L. Bracts linear. p.
5,6. Mountains. Oliena, Sard.—Brrr.

8. Apulei. L. cordato-lanceolate, crenate,
sessile. Bracts oblongo-lanceolate, somewhat
coloured. Teeth of Cal.as long as tube. Tube
of Cor. very exsert. p.4,5. Open clayey
and cale. hills. Sic.

B. All Bracts falling very short ef calyx.
Upper Whorls racemose. Calyx curved.
Mouth oblique.

4. agrestis. The Stem very viscid. L.
stalked, cordate or cordato-lanceolate, nervoso-
rugose, green on both sides. Rac. long, iter-
rupted, nearly simple. Cymes 5-flowered.
Cor. more than twice calyx. Tube slightly
exsert. p. 6-8. Fields. Monte d’Oro and
Val di Niolo in Cors.

5. Cataria. 1. cordate, acute, deeply cre-
nate, hoary beneath. Rac. somewhat branched.
Cymes many-flowered. Teeth of Cal. finely
acute. p. 7. Uncult.

6. Nepetella. 1. on short stalks, lan-
ceolate, ovate or cordate at base, crenate, hoary
on both sides. Rac. nearly simple. Cymes
about 5-flowered. Teeth of Cal. acute. p.
7,8. Open. Alpine valleys.

B- graveolens. Rac. short, dense.

GC. Ali Bracts falling short of calyz. Calyx
nearly straight, with pungent teeth.

7. nuda. L. hardly stalked, somewhat cor-
dato-oblong, crerate, green on both sides. Rac.
panicled, many-flowered. Cal. of Fr. hardly 2
lines long. ‘Teeth equal. p. 7, 8. Woody
fills. Dan. s. Eur.

B. violacea. Upper part of Stem and Tips
of Cal. blue.

8. latifolia. L. sessile, somewhat cordate,
crenate, green on both sides. Rac. long, many-
flowered. Bractslanceolato-subulate. Cal. of
Fr. 3 lines long. Teeth straight, nearly equal.
e. Pyr. Certainly different from N. nuda.—
BENTH.

642. GLECHOMA.

1. hederacea. Creeping. L. cordato-reni-
form, crenate, green on both sides. Teeth of
Cal. about one-third of tube. Bracts very
short. Aromatic. p.4,5. Shade.

2. hirsuta. LL. cordate, crenate; lower
reniform. Teeth of Cal. tapering into an awn,

half as long again as the tube. p. 5, 6. Woods
and hedges. ower Aust. Sty.

643. DRACOCEPHALUM.

A. Anthers smooth. Calyx 2-lipped.

1. moldavicum. IL. stalked, lanceolate,
inciso-crenate. Whorls distant, forming a long
raceme. Bracts lanceolate, aristato-serrate.
a. 7, 8. Cult. Rabentisch in the Neumark.
—Kocu.

B. Anthers villous. Whorls forming an in-
terrupted Spike.

2. ruyschianum. All L. undivided, li-
neari-lanceolate. Bracts ovato-lanceolate, quite
entire, smooth. Upper Teeth of Cal. ovate.
p. 7,8. Meadows. Prov. Dau. Vall. s. Tyr.
Pralugan in Pdm.

3. austriacum. Lower L.3—5-cleft. Seg.
linear. Margin revolute. Bracts 3—7-cleft.
Upper Teeth of Cal. ovate. p. 5-8. Stony
slopes. Pyr. Vall. e. G. Val Vinosta, s. Tyr.

Tribe VIII. STACHY DEA.
644. MELITTIS.

1. Melissophyllum. L. cordate; upper
ovate. p. 5,6. Shade.

645. GALEOPSIS. —

1. ochroleuca. Stem downy with soft
adpressed hairs, not thickened at joinings ;
upper oblongo-lanceolate, velvety on both sides.
Cal. glanduloso-villous. (Galea deeply notched,
SmitH; zzciso-denticulate, KocH; entire,
Benta.) a. 7, 8. Fields.

2. Ladanum. Stem with soft adpressed
hairs, not thickened at jomings. LL. lanceolate
or oblongo-lanceolate, downy on both sides.
Cal. with adpressed hairs, without glands.
(Galea somewhat emarginate, Sm.) a. 7-9.
Fields.

3. pubescens. Stem with soft adpressed
hairs, somewhat thickened and hispid at join-
ings. L. broadly ovate ; lower somewhat cor-
date. Tube of Cor. exceeding calyx. Middle
Div. of lower Lip nearly square, crenulate, flat.
a. 7, 8. Fields and uncult. s.m. and ce. G.
—Kocu.

4. bifida. Stem hispid, swelled at the
joinings. LL. oblongo-ovate, acuminate. Tube

2P2

292 645. GALEOPSIS.

of Cor. falling short of calyx. Middle Div. of
lower Lip oblong, emarginate. Margin at last
revolute. a. 7, 8. Fields and uncult. G.

5. Tetrahit. Stem bristly, swelled below
the jomings. L. ovato-oblong, acuminate. Tube
of Cor. not exceeding calyx. Middle Div. of
lower Lip nearly square, crenulate, flat. a. 7, 8.
Fields.

6. versicolor. Stem bristly, swelled below
joimings. LL. ovato-oblong, acuminate. Tube
of Cor. twice calyx. (Middle Lobe of lower
Lip heart-shaped, Sm.) a. 7, 8. Sandy fields.
Br. n. G.

646. LAMIUM.

A. Tube of Corolla straight.
i. Anthers smooth.

1. Orvala. Tube of Cor. with a hairy
transverse ring; lateral Div. without teeth.
L. broadly cordate, crenate, rugose, somewhat
villous. p. 5, 6. Grassy thickets. Pyr.
Nantes. Istria. Mestre, Pdm. s. G.

ii. Anthers hairy.

2. garganicum. Tube of Cor. without
aving. Throat very large. Galea broadly ob-
cordate. lL. cordate, rugose, softly villous on
both sides. p. 5,6. Pdm. Garg. Luc.

3. longiflorum. Cor. three or four times
calyx. Tube without a ring. Throat very
large. Galea obcordate. lL. cordate, some-
what rugose, nearly hairless. p. 6-8. Pyr.
Mont Ventous. Pdm. Apenn.

4. bifidum. Throat large. Galea cloven :
segments spreading. LL. ovate, inciso-lobate ;
upper acuminate. a. 2-4. s. It. Cors. Sic.
Sardinia.

5. amplexicaule. Tube of Cor. without
ring. Galea oblong, entire. Border of Mouth
toothless. Lower L. rounded, stalked; upper
kidney-shaped, inciso-crenate, amplexicaul. a.
3-6. Lelds and uncult.

6. intermedium. Tube of Cor. without
ring. Galea oblong, entire. Lateral Lobes
with a short tooth. Lower L. rounded, stalked ;
upper amplexicaul, inciso-crenate. Teeth of
Cal. longer than tube. a. 3-10. Cu/¢. Hamb.
Oldenburg.

7. incisum. Tube of Cor. with hairy
ring. Throat large. Galea oblong, entire.
Lateral Lobes with a short, lmear tooth.
Whorls approximate at top of stem. L. in-

ciso-dentate ; upper ovate, on short stalks. a.
5. Sandy fields. Br. Fr. G.

8. purpureum. Tube of Cor. sometimes
curved. Ring hairy. Throat large. Galea
entire. Lateral Lobes with a short, lmear
tooth. Whorls approximate at top of stem.
L. crenate: lower round; upper ovate. a.
4-6. Cult. and uncult. Not in Sie.

B. Tube recurved, with a hairy ring.
Anthers hirsute.

9. maculatum. Tube of Cor. with a
transverse stricture and ring. Galea oblong.
Lateral Lobes with a long, subulate tooth. L.
cordate, acute, strongly serrate, hairy. Fi.
about 10 in a whorl. Tube of Cal. as long as
teeth. p. 4,5. Uncult.

B. levigatum. Nearly hairless.

10. album. Galeaoblong. Tube of Cor.
with an oblique stricture and ring. Lateral
Lobes with a lanceolate tooth. lL. cordate,
acute, strongly serrate, hairy. Fl. about 20 in
a whorl. Tube of Cal. shorter than teeth. p.
5, 6, and 9. Uncewlt.

ll. tomentosum. “IL. ovato-cordate,
rugose, very villous. ‘Teeth of Cal. subulate,
plumoso-ciliate. Tube of Cor. wide, somewhat
recurved, furnished with a hairy rg. Throat
somewhat dilated. Galea oblong. Lateral Div.
with a long, subulate tooth. p. s. It.’—
Bentu. Not noticed by Bert.

C. Tube recurved. Ring oblique. Throat not
much dilated. Anthers smooth.

12. pubescens. Galea long, entire. La-
teral Lobes angular, sometimes with a seta-
ceous tooth. L. somewhat cordate, rugose,
villous; upper acuminate. w. 4-6. Cal. Sic.
Cor. half as long agam as im L. flexuosum,
purple, and that and L. more villous.

13. flexuosum. Galea long, entire. La-
teral Lobes angular, sometimes with a seta-
ceous tooth. L. somewhat cordate, acuminate,
hardly hairy. Seeds with pale dots. p. 3-6.
Rousillon. Nap. Sic.

647. GALEOBDOLON.

1. luteum. Galea long, entire, nearly as
long as label. lL. somewhat cordate, acumi-
nate. FV. yellow. p.5. Shade.

648. LEONURUS.

1. Gardiaca. Lower L. palmate; upper

LABIATA. 293

oblong, somewhat 8-cleft, attenuate. Tube of
Cor. with an oblique ring. Galea nearly flat.
p. 7, 8. Uncult. oce.

2. Marrubiastrum. IL. oblongo-ovate,
somewhat inciso-dentate, attenuate at each end.
Tube of Cor. naked. Galea somewhat vaulted.
a. 7, 8. Uncult. m. Hur. Metz. Lombardy.

649. STACHYS.

A. Outer Bracts extending at least to middle
of calyx.

i. Plant densely woolly. Sp. 1-8.

ii. Plant hirsute with long, spreading
hairs. Sp. 4, 5.

B. Bracts small. Flowers pink or purplish.

i. Perennial. Stem erect, not branched
at base. Sp. 6, 7.

ii. Perennial. Stem branched at base.
Sp. 8.

iii. Annual. Stem weak, branched. Sp.
9-11.

GC. Bracts small. Flowers yellowish.

i. Annual. Sp. 12-14.
ii. Perennial. Sp. 15-19.

D. Plant woody! Flowers axillary, solitary.
Sp. 20.

A. Outer Bracts at least reaching to middle
of Calyx.

i. Plant densely woolly.

1. lamata. Hairs densely matted, white.
Lower L. elliptic ; upper ovato-lanceolate. Up-
permost floral L. shorter than cyme. Bracts
lineari-lanceolate, equalling calyx. Teeth of
Cal. pointless. Cor. woolly. Tube included.
Whorls more than 30-flowered. p. 6, 7.
Malesherbes.

2. italica. L. nearly sessile, oblong, rounded
or cordate at base, crenulate. Floral L. quite
entire, ovato-lanceolate, as long as cymes.
Bracts lineari-lanceolate, equalling the some-
what incurved calyx. Teeth of Cal. acute,
spinescent, densely woolly within. Cor. woolly.
Tube included. Whorls 15-31-flowered. p.
7,8. Warm rough coasts. It. Istr. Fiume.

3. germanica. Stem-L. stalked, cordate,
prolonged. Upper floral L. lanceolate, acute,
quite entire; exceeding Fl. Uppermost Whorls
approximate. Bracts lineari-lanceolate, equal-
ling somewhat incurved calyx. Teeth of Cal.
acute, spinescent, woolly within. Cor. woolly.
Tube included. p. 7,8. Cale. uncult. m.
and s. Hurope.

ii. Plant hirsute with long, spreading hairs.

4. alpina. Lower L. stalked, cordate,
prolonged. Floral L. gradually narrower, more
attenuate and acute, serrate. All Whorls re-
mote. Bracts linear, nearly equalling calyx.
Teeth of Cal. acute, somewhat spinescent. Cor.
woolly, twice as long as calyx. p. 7,8. Woody
hills. m. Kur.

5. heraclea. Lower L. stalked, oblong, some-
what cordate at base. Floral L. broadly ovate,
acuminate. Bracts ovate or oblong ; the outer
equalling calyx. Teeth of Cal. finely acute, some-
what spinescent. p. 6,7. Barren Mills. It.

B. Bracts minute. Flowers pink or purplish.

i. Perennial. Stem erect, simple or only
branched im upper part.

6. sylvatica. LL. broad cordate, acumi-
nate, on long stalks. Whorls distant, 6—8-
flowered. ‘Teeth of Cal. subulate, very acute,
somewhat spinescent. Cor. nearly smooth,
twice calyx. p. 7,8. Moist shady.

7. palustris. lL. rugose, nearly sessile,
oblong, somewhat cordate. Whorls 6-12-
flowered, forming a raceme or interrupted
spike. Rachis and Cal. villous. p. 7, 8.
River banks and moist meadows.

B. ambigua. L. more evidently stalked and
more coarsely serrate.

ti. Perennial. Stem branched from base.

8. arenaria. Decumbent, hoary. L. nearly
sessile, oblongo-linear or lanceolate, acute, with
long attenuation at base. Margin entire. Up-
per floral L. falling short of calyces. Whorls
6-flowered. Teeth of Cal. finely acute, some-
what spinescent. p. 4, 5. Sandy shores.
K. Nap. Sic.

ili. Annual. Stem branched at base.

9. arvensis. Lower L. stalked, ovate, some-
what prolonged. Uppermost sessile, attenuate.
Whorls 4—6-flowered, distant. Cal. campanu-
late. Teeth acute, hardly spinescent. Cor.
hardly exceeding calyx. a. 6-9. Calc. and
clayey fields.

10. marrubiifolia. Nearly erect. L.
broadly cordate, somewhat prolonged. Up-
permost sessile, falling short of campanulate
calyx. Whorls lax, 6-flowered. Cor. twice
calyx. Teeth of Cal. lanceolate, acute, some-
what spinescent. a. 5, 6. elds. Cors.
Pausilippo.

11. corsica. Procumbent. L. subrotundo-
ovate, lobato-crenate ; the lower on long stalks.

294.

Whorls 2—4-flowered, remote. Cor. three
times calyx. Label very large. a. 5-7.
Fields. Cors. Sard.

C. Not woolly. Bracts minute. Corolla

yellowish.
i. Annual.
12. annua. Erect. L. stalked, ovate; up-

per lanceolate, acute, nearly entire. Whorls
6-flowered ; upper approximate. Cal. tubulo-
so-campanulate, villous, somewhat curved.

Cor. pubescent.
Cult. and un-

Teeth lanceolate, very acute.
Galea nearly entire. a. 7-9.
cult. m. ands. Hur.

13. spinulosa. Lower L. stalked, cordate ;
upper ovato-lanceolate, sessile. Whorls dis-
tinct, 6-10-flowered. Cal. broadly campanu-
late. Teeth broad, acute, somewhat spinescent.
Lower Lip of Cor. very large; upper nearly
entire. a. Near Pola—Rcue.

14. hirta. Branched, hairy. Lower L.
stalked, cordate. Whor] 6-flowered. Teeth of
Cal. very acute. Cor. about 14 times calyx :
upper Lip cloven. ‘Tube included. a. 5, 6.
Dry rocky. Bayonne. It.

ii. Perennial.

15. maritima. Branches short, ascending.
L. on short stalks, oblongo-lanceolate, obtuse,
attenuate. Upper Whorls approximate. Floral
L. falling short of calyx. Cal. tubuloso-cam-
panulate, villous. Teeth lanceolate, acute,

pointless. Cor. 13 times calyx. op. 6, 7.
Sandy shores. s. Fr. Nice. Rochelle. adr. G.
Italy.

16. pubescens. Ascending. Branches long,
decumbent. LL. stalked, ovate, attenuate, cre-
nate. Whorls about 6-flowered, remote, form-
ing a lengthened raceme. Floral L. generally
exceeding calyx. Cal. tubuloso-campanulate,
villous, somewhat curved. ‘Teeth lanceolate,
very acute. Cor. pubescent, twice calyx. p. 5.
Dry fields. Lue. Cal.

17. recta. Ascending, hairy. L. oblong,
crenate, on short stalks, rugose. Floral L.
sessile, acute, falling short of calyx. Whorls 10-
flowered, distant. Teeth of Cal. ovate, very
acute, somewhat spinescent. p. 6-9. Rough
hills and thickets. mm. and s. Kur.

18. labiosa. “ Pubescent. Stem decum-
benti-ascending. Lower L. elliptic, obtuse ;
upper ovato-lanceolate, acuminate, sharply ser-
rate. Cal. hirsute: Teeth lanceolate, longer
than tube. Lower Lip of Cor. three times as
wide as galea. p. 6-8. Mountains of Carr.,
of Picenum, of Tivoh.”— Brrr.

649. STACHYS.

19. subcrenata. Ascending, hairy. L.
nearly sessile, oblongo-lanceolate, attenuate,
obtuse, nearly entire. Floral L. ovato-lanceo-
late, acute; uppermost falling short of calyx.
Whorls dense, 6—10-flowered, distant. Teeth
of Cal. ovate, very acute, somewhat spinescent.
p- 7,8. Cale. mountains. Carrara. Istria.
Fiume.

D. Woody! Flowers solitary in each axil.

20. glutinosa. Glabrous, glutinous. Stem
trichotomous, much branched. LL. oblongo-
linear, attenuate and acute. Teeth of Cal.
ovate, very acute. Cor. silky externally. s.S.
5, 6. Shores. Capraria. Cors. Sard.

Not well known.

21. barbigera. “ Hirsute, ascending. L.
cordato-elliptic, crenulate. Floral L. ovate, acute,
equalling calyx. Bracts ovato-lnear. Whorls
6-10-flowered. Cal. regular, spinescent. Cor.
woolly externally; “‘ barbee lacinia media obo-
vata, lateralibus lineari-obtusis duplo longiora.”
Cors. Resembles in appearance §, lasiantha
of Guss.’—Viv. For lasiantha we should
probably read dasyanthes, which belongs, ac-
cording to Bertolont and Bentham, to 8. ger-
manica.

650. BETONICA.

1. Alopecurus. L. broadly cordate, hir-
sute. Cal. campanulate; upper part reticulato-
venose. Tube of Cor. not exceeding calyx.
Galea bifid. p. 7, 8. Mountain pastures.
s. Europe.

2. hirsuta. LL. stalked, cordato-oblong.
Upper floral L. and Bracts ovato-lanceolate,
mucronate. Cal. reticulato-venose. Tube of
Cor. exceeding calyx. Galea entire or very
slightly emarginate. p. 7, 8. Mountain
pastures. Pyy. Alps. Apenn.

3. officinalis. Lower L. on long stalks,
cordato-oblong, obtuse; upper remote: these
and lower floral L. sessile, oblongo-lanceolate,
acute, dentate. Cal. without veins. Galea
nearly entire. Stamens short. p. 6-8. Pas-
tures and open woods.

B. stricta. Larger and with broader L.

651. PHLOMIS.

A. Middle Segment of Label much larger
than others. Shrubs, more or less covered
with white or brownish wool.

1. Gychnitis. Floral L. dilated at base

LABIAT A. 295

and embracing flowers! LL. sessile, oblong ;
lower attenuate. Bracts subulate, silky. Teeth
acuminate. s..6. Calc. rocky. 9s. Fr.

2. italica. L. oblongo-lanceolate, obtuse,
truncate at base. Whorls dense. Bracts li-
near, obtuse, approximate, equalling calyx.
Cal. truncate, with short, unarmed tecth. s.S.
It. P—Pers,

3. lamata. Branches divaricate. L. small,
ovato-subrotund, white, and woolly beneath.
Bracts ovato-lanceolate, not pointed, reaching
to about middle of calyx, woolly. Teeth of
Cal. short, obtuse, but sometimes with a rigid
mucro. s.. 6-9. Calabria.

4.fruticosa. L. ovate, prolonged or oblong,
cottony beneath. Whorls many-flowered,
dense. Bracts lanceolate or ovato-lanceolate,
acute, ciliate, villous, sometimes pointed. Cal.

villous. Teeth short, with a subulate acumen.
s.S. 4-6. Dry open hills. Sic. Umbria. ;
Calabria.

5. ferruginea. Floccost. L. oblongo-

lanceolate, oblong, crenulate, cordate at base,
very rugose. Bracts lineari-lanceolate, hispid.
Mouth of Cal. with long hairs. Teeth short,
with a subulate point. s.S. 5-9. Iapygia.

6. Exerba-Venti. Herbaceous, erect.
Branches numerous, divaricate, hairy. L. ovate,
prolonged, serrate, coriaceous, shining above.
Bracts lineari-subulate, rigid, somewhat pun-
gent, ciliate, equalling calyx. Teeth of Cal.
ending in a slender, subulate, spreading point.
p- 6, 7. Umbria.

B. Segments of Label nearly equal. Plant
herbaceous.

7. tuberosa. Nearly smooth. L. broad
cordate, crenate. Floral L. oblongo-lanceolate.
Bracts subulate.
erect, very hairy within.
Aust. Moravia.

p. 6,7. Woody.

652. BALLOTA.

1. italica. Tomentoso-villous. Stem erect.
L. cordate, acute or cuspidate, unequally cre-
nate. Whorls axillary, many-flowered. Teeth
of Cal. spinescent, straight at top. Helmet
4-cleft. p. or w. 5-8. Umbria. Calab. Sic.
— BERT.

2. nigra. Border of Cal. with 5 nearly
erect, subulato-mucronate teeth. Bracts soft.
L. ovate, truncate at base, green on both
sides. p. 5-10. Hedge banks, Se.

Upper Lip of Cor. nearly:

B. ruderalis, Awns of Cal. longer than

teeth.

3. urticifolia. “Slender. L. ovate, deeply
aud acutely serrate, exactly resembling i
shape those of Urtica urens, the earliest alone
being cordate. 'Yeeth of Cal. erect, lineari-
setaceous, as long as the tube. Rubbish. Sax.
Boh.” —BEntH.

4. frutescens. Border of Cal. with 5-10
erect, somewhat spinous teeth. Bracts straight,
spiniform. Upper Lip of Cor. very hirsute.
s.8. 6,7. Rocky hills. Pdm, Prov. Lig.

653. MOLUCCELLA.

1. spinosa. Border of Cal. narrow, coria-
ceous, somewhat 2-lipped, with 10 spines. p.
or a. 5, 6. Cale. rocks and stony. Taormina.
Messina.

654. MARRUBIUM.

A. Calyx with 5 teeth.

1. Alysson. Bracts nearly wanting. Cal.
woolly, with 5 spreading teeth. Upper Lip of
Cor. short, cloven. L. subrotund, cuneate at
base, inciso-crenate or lobed, white, villous,
soft on both sides. p. 4-7. Cal. Apulia.

2. camdidissimum. Hoary, somewhat
woolly. L. ovate, crenate. Whorls subglobose,
many-flowered (20-50). Bracts subulate, at
least half as long as calyx. Teeth of Cal.
subulate, rigid, spreading. Upper Lip of Cor.
oblong, cloven. p. 7%, 8. Rough uncult. adr.
G. Italy.

3. peregrinum. Branches divaricate. L.
oblong, hoary. Whorls about 6-flowered. Cal.
tomentose. Teeth and Bracts subulate. Galea
oblong, cloven. p. 7, 8. Uncult. Aust.

B. Lower Calyces with more than 5 teeth, but:
not all with 10.

4, pannonicum. Branches divaricate. L.
ovate or hoary. Floral L. twice as long as
flowers. Whorls all distant, many-flowered.
Teeth of Cal. subulate. Galea oblong, cloven.
p. 7,8. Aust. Koch says that in the upper
whorls the Calyces have only 5 Teeth, and
considers it a var. of M. peregrinum.

5. radiatum. Branches divaricate, hoary.
L. ovate or oblong, soft, hoary; upper hardly
exceeding calyx. Whorls somewhat lax, many-
flowered; the upper approximate. Cal. small,
tomentose. Teeth long, subulate, spreading in
a star, spinescent. p. Port Juvenal.

296 654. MARRUBIUM.

C. All Calyces with 10 hooked teeth.

6. vulgare. Branches white, woolly. L.
subrotund, ovate, villous. Whorls many-flow-
ered. Cal. villous, with 10-12 teeth, subulate.
Teeth each ending in a spine, which is gene-
rally hooked. Upper Lip of Cor. cloven to
one-third of its length. p.5-8. Unceult.

7. Waillantii. L. cuneate, palmato-incise
at top. Whorls many-flowered. Cal. with
15-20 teeth, each ending in a hooked spine.
Upper Lip of Cor. cloven to above half its
length. p. 7-9. Uneult. Etrechy.—Coss.
and GER.

655. SIDERITIS.

A. Floral L. quite entire, somewhat mem-
branous, embracing flowers.

1. sicula. Woolly. L. attenuate. Floral
L. cordate, acuminate, green, veiny. Teeth of
Cal. very sharp. w.6, 7. Mountains. It.
Sicily.

2. perfoliata. Hispid, erect. L. cordato-
amplexicaul. Floral L. very broad. Teeth of
Cal. lanceolate, very acute. w. Sic.—Ucrtia.
Not found by Guss., nor mentioned by Bert.

B. Floral L. like Bracts, spinoso-dentate.

3. scordioides. Upper Whorls collected
into a terete spike. Stem-L. dentate, woolly,
oblong, attenuate. Floral L. very broad. Whorls
somewhat interrupted, spicate. w. 7, 8. Warm
open hills. Jura. Prov. Sar.

B. hyssopifolia. J. green and nearly hair-

less.

y. pyrenaica. lL. oblongo-linear, villous,

hoary.

All the Whorls distant, glo-
L. oblong, inciso-dentate.

4. hirsuta.
bose, very villous.

Floral L. very broad. w. 5, 6. s. Fr. Turbia,
Monaco.
SC. Floral L. like others, but smaller. Plant

annual.

5. romana. Somewhat woolly. Teeth of
‘Cal. spinescent ; upper dilated, ovate. Cor.
yellow, without spot. Whorls 6-flowered, dis-
tant. L. oblongo-ovate, dentate. Floral L.
-ovato-lanceolate. a. 6,7. Melds and vine-
yards. s. Kur.

B. approximata. Less branched, more-villous,
and whorls more crowded.

6. montana. Cal. with spreading hairs :
‘Teeth nearly equal. L. oblongo - lanceo-
date, attenuate. Floral L. awned, somewhat

dentate.
Europe.

a. 7,5. Ltelds and vineyards. s.

Not well known.
7. tomentosa. L. ovato-lanceolate, den-

tate. FI. in whorled, leafy spikes. Sic.—
Ucria. Not seen by Guss., nor noticed by
Bertolont.

Tribe IX. PRASTEA.
656. PRASIUM.

1. majus. Shrubby. L. ovato-lanceolate,
somewhat cordate, dentate, smooth. w. 3-5.
Rocks and walls. It. Osero.

Tribe X. AJUGEA.

657. TEUCRIUM.

A. Upper Teeth of Calyx dilated. Sp. 1-4.
B. Teeth of Calyx all nearly equal.
i. Flowers forming a lengthened raceme.
a. All L. similar, undivided. Sp. 5-9.
b. All L. similar, tripartite, or pimnati-
fid. Sp. 10-12.
ec. Upper Floral L. bract-like.

Sp. 13

ii. Whorls crowded into a head.

A. Upper Teeth of Calyx dilated.

1. massiliense. Herbaceous. Tube of
Cor. straight, not exceeding calyx. LL. ovate,
obtuse, crenate ; upper narrower, falling short
of calyx. Teeth of Cal. spreading when in
fruit. #7. purple. p.6,7. Mars. Isl. of
Hyeres. Cors. Sard.

Sp. 17

2. Scorodonia. Herbaceous. Tube of
Cor. straight, exceeding teeth of calyx. L.
ovate, obtuse, crenate ; upper very small.
Teeth of Cal. of Fr. spreading. JV. yellow.
p. 7,8. Thickets and heaths.

3. pseudo-scorodonia. Somewhat shrub-
by. Tube of Cor. straight, included, or nearly
so. L. ovate or cordate, crenate. Rac. nearly
simple. Floral L. minute. £7. yellow. w.
s. It. Not in Bert.

4. spinosum.
Branches spinescent.
flowered. p. 6, 7. Dry hills.
camo. Sardinia.

Tube of Corolla twisted.
Whorls remote, 1-—6-
Apulia. Al-

LABIAT.

B. Teeth of Calyx all nearly equal.
i. Mowers disposed in a lengthened raceme.
a. L. all similar, undivided.

5. Scordium. Generally very villous. L.
oblong, dentate, sessile. Fl. usually 2 or 3
together. Cal. campanulate. p. 7, 8. Movst
sandy. oce.

6. scordioides. Generally woolly. L.
cordato - oblong, sessile, crenate all round.
Whorls usually 6-flowered. Cal. campanulate.
p. 6, 7. Wet coasts. s, Fr. It. Sic. Mon-
falcone. Veglia. Osero.

7. latifolium. “Shrubby, erect. L. broadly
rhombeo-ovate, cottony beneath. FI. solitary.
Div. of Cal. and of Cor. obtuse. s.S. 5, 6.
Sic.” —BERT.

8. fruticans. A Shrub. Fi. axillary, soli-
tary, in short racemes. Div. of Cal. and Cor.
acute. L. ovate or oblong, white beneath.
s.S. 5,6. Cale. rocks. w. It. and Isl.

9. creticum. A Shrub. Fi. nearly sessile ;
upper solitary, in long, straight racemes. LL.
linear, hoary beneath. s.S.4,5. Lopadusa.

b. All L. similar, tripartite or pinnatifid.

10. campanulatum. Herbaceous, pro-
cumbent, smooth. Fl.-stalks solitary, falling
short of L. Cal. campanulate. LL. fiabellato-
tripartite. Div. pinnatifid, with short, obtuse
segments. p.5—7. Apul. Lecce. Pal.

11. Pseudo-chameepitys. Woody, hairy.
Fruit-stalks solitary, generally exceeding the
floral L. Cal. campanulate, very open. L.
3-5-partite. Segm. linear. Margin revolute.
w. 5,6. Rocky. Marseilles.

12. Botrys. L. trifid or pinnatifid; lower
sometimes bipinnatifid. Whorls 4—6-flowered.
Cal. gibbous at base, inflato-tubular. a. 6-9.
Dry fields.. m. and s. Kur.

ce. Upper Floral L. bract-hke.

13. lucidum. Herbaceous, hairless. L.
stalked, ovate, inciso-dentate, crenate at base.
Floral L. smaller, nearly entire. Whorls 4-6-
flowered. Cal. tubuloso-campanulate. p. 7, 8.
Pdm. w. Lig., above Albenga.

14. Chameedrys. Woody, hairy, pro-
eumbent. L. stalked, crenate; lower oval, on an
entire, cuneate base. w. 7-9. Walls and rocks.

15. flavum. Woody, downy, ascending.
L. crenate ; lower triangulari-cordate. Upper
floral L. quite entire, ovate, acute. w. 7, 8.
Walls and stony. Mat.

5)
rs

297

16. Marum. Woody, hoary. IL. small,
ovate, cottony beneath, entire. Cal. tubuloso-
campanulate, with short teeth. w.6, 7. Gor-
gona. Capraria. Sard.

ii. Whorls crowded into a head.

17. pyrenaicum. Creeping, villous. L.
roundish, crenate, green on both sides. p. 8, 9.
Pyrenees.

18. Polium. Woody, tomentose, hoary.
L. oblong, crenate, entire, and often cuneate at
base. Margin revolute. If. white. p. 7, 8.
Dry. Mat.

B. flavicans or aureum. . broad oblong.
Heads very hirsute. Branches yellow at
top. FV. yellowish-white.

y. capitatum. lu. narrow oblong. Heads
hoary, rarely becoming yellow. 7. pink
or white. Bertolonr, who considers these
as species, has not ventured to mark any
distinctive characters.

19. montanum. Woody, prostrate, downy.
L. oblongo-linear, quite entire, hoary beneath.
Whorls few. Teeth of Cal. acuminate.

B. supinum. ‘Teeth of Cal. mucronate. w.
6-8. Cale. hills. m. and s. Kur.

Not well known.

20. euganeum. L. cordato-oblong, cre-
nate, stalked. Rac. simple, terminal, solitary,
secund. Bracts stalked, cordate, acuminate,
exceeding pedicel. Lower Teeth of Cal. exceed-
ing the intermediate ones. Tube of Cor. villous.
p. Woody hills. Padua.—BENTH.

658. AJUGA.

A. Whorls 6- or more flowered. L. undi-
vided.
i. Suckers creeping.

1. reptans. Nearly smooth. LL. ovate or
obovate, somewhat sinuate. (Lower Lip of Cor.
4-cleft, Sm.) p.5. Mozst clayey.

ii. No Suckers.

2. orientalis. Woolly. lL. ovate,. atte-
nuate, coarsely sinuato-dentate. Floral L. ses-
sile, dentate or inciso-lobate, exceeding flowers.
Cor. resupinate: the Tube twisted. p. 3-6.
Dry pastures. Cal. Sic.

3. pyramidalis. Hairy. Stem-L. obovate.
Floral L. broadly ovate, embracing flowers,
forming a 4-sided pyramid. Tube of Cor.
straight, exsert, with an internal ring. op. 6.
Mountain pastures.

Q

298 658. AJUGA.

4. genevensis. Somewhat hairy. Stem-
L. somewhat elliptic, obtuse, attenuate. Floral
L. ovate or cuneate, all generally dentate.
Lower Whorls distant. Tube of Cor. straight,
exsert. p. 7. Grassy hills.

5. acaulis. Stem very short. L. oblong,
attenuate, hardly sinuato-dentate; all similar.
Whaorls few, crowded. Tube of Cor. straight,
far exceeding calyx. p. 5-7. High pastures.
Abr. Cal. Sic.

B. Whorls 2-, rarely 4-flowered.
6. Iva. Diffuse, hairy. L. coarsely dentate.

Margin somewhat revolute; all similar. (Whorls
sometimes 6-flowered.) 7. purple. p. 4-9.
Dry cult. Mat.

B. Pseudo-Iva. Hl. yellow.

7. chia. Erect, hairy. L. trifid. Segm.
linear, falling short of corolla. Whorls 2-flow-
ered. a. 6. Dry and open hills. s. It. Sic.
Istria.

8. Chameepitys. Diffuse, hairy. - L.
trifid. Segm. linear. Whorls 2-flowered, much
shorter than L. a. 4, 5. Sandy or stony
fields. Not in Sierly.

LXXV. LENTIBULARIA.

Corolla 2-lipped, with a spur.

659. PINGUICULA.

1. vulgaris. Spur subulate, shorter than
border of veinless corolla. Segm. of Cor. ob-
longo-ovate, separate. JV. purple. wp. 6, 7.
Bogs.

2. grandiflora. Spur nearly cylindrical,
as long as veined margin of corolla. Segm. of
Cor. broadly ovate, contiguous or even over-
lapping. LV. large, violet. p.5, 6. w. Irel.
Whether the original plant of Lamarck and
that of Bert. are the same as this, is doubtful.
I have Apennine specimens with a spur as
long as border of corolla, and otherwise agree-
ing with the description of Bert.; but the
Segm. of Cor. are separate, and the appear-
ance of the Fl.is not like that of the Irish
plant.

B. longifolia.

3. alpina. Spur conical, gibbous, ascend-
ing, shorter than corolla. Caps. acuminate.
Scape hairless. p. 6. Very high. Sc. Alps.
Pyrenees.

L. as long as scape. Pyr.

4. lusitanica. Spur cylindrical, obtuse,
decurved, shorter than the nearly regular corolla.
Caps. globose. Scape downy. p.7. Bogs.
w. Europe.

Stamens 2, inserted in the base of the corolla. Ovary of 1
cell, with many seeds, fixed to a central placenta.

Style 1.

660. UTRICULARIA.

1. vulgaris. Spur conical. Upper Lip
of Cor. about the length of the palate. L.
pinnato-multifid. Bladders upon the L. 7.
large (golden). Anthers connate. p. 6-8.
Stagnant water.

2. neglecta. Spur conical. Upper Lip
of Cor. nearly three times as long as palate.
L. pinnato-multifid. Bladders on L. #7. not
so long as in Sp. 1. Anthers free. p. 7, 8.
Stagnant water. Wamburg. Oldenburg.

3. intermedia. Spur conical. Upper Lip
of Cor. twice as long as palate. Segm. of L.
linear, dichotomous. Bladders separate from
L. £1. paler, and with a longer lip than m
Sp. 1. p. 7, 8. Stagnant water. rare.

A. minor. Spur very short, obtuse. Up-
per Lip as long as palate ; lower ovate ; the sides
reflected. L. dichotomo-multifid. Bladders
upon L. L. small, pale yellow. pp. 6-8.
Bogs. oce.

5. Bremii. “Spur somewhat conical, very
short. Upper Lip emarginate, as long as de-
pressed palate ; lower round, flat. Li. dicho-
tomo-multipartite. Segm. setaceous, smooth.
Fl. small, sulphur-coloured. pp. 8,9. Bogs
and mossy pools. occ.” —Kocn.

LXXVI.

Corolla of 1 petal, regular, inferior.
central placenta. Style 1.

661. TRIENTALIS.

1. ewropzea. Cal. 7-partite. Cor. of 7
petals, united by a ring. L. crowded under
flowers. p. 5-7. Peaty woods and heaths.
Ard. Dau. e. and n, G. Se. n. Eur.

662. LYSIMACHTA.

A. Corolla rotate. Seeds many.
i. Mowers in a terminal raceme.

1. Ephemerum. Stamens exsert. Div.
of Cor. obovate, spreading. L. lineari-lanceo-
late, smooth, sessile. p. 7, 8. Mont Louis.

ti. Flower-stalhs aaillary. Stems erect.

2. thyrsiflora. Rac. stalked, thyrsoid,
falling short of lanceolate L. Div. of Cor.
with 5 small intermediate teeth! wp. 6, 7.
Wet. Eng. n. Fr. n. G. oce.

3. vulgaris. lHrect. L. opposite and in
whorls. Stalks subumbellate, many-flowered.
Diy. of Cor. nerved, and with a brown, resin-
ous, marginal line! united at base. p. 6, 7.
Banks and marshy thickets.

4. ciliata. L. opposite or im whorls,
somewhat cordate, stalked, ciliate. Stalks 1-
flowered, axillary, nodding, whorled or oppo-
site. Div. of Cal. 3—5-nerved. Five short,
intermediate, abortive stamens. op. 6, 17.
Marshes and ditches. Spa. naturalized.

5. punmctata. LL. opposite or in whorls,
ovato-lanceolate. Stalks 1-flowered ; the lowest
sometimes 2- or 3-flowered. Vil. united at
base. p. 6-9. Stell water and moist banks.
e. G. It. rare.

tii. Mower-stalhks axillary, solitary, \-flow-
ered. Stem procumbent.

6. NWummularia. Prostrate, creeping.
L. opposite, cordato-subrotund. Fl.-stalks
shorter than L. Segm. of Cor. cordate. p.
6,7. Wet banks.

7. memorum. Procumbent. L. opposite,
ovate, acute. FL.-stalks solitary, longer than
L. Segm. of Cal. lineari-subulate. p. 6, 7.

Damp shade.

B. Corolla campanulate. Seeds 2 or 3, ru-
gose, excavated at the umbilicus.

8. Linum-stellatum. Hrect, much branch-

2Q

299

PRIMULACEAS,

Ovary with one cell, and many seeds, attached to a

ed. LL. opposite, sessile, lanceolate, acuminate.
FL. axillary, solitary. Segm. of Cal. lanceolate,
three times corolla. a. 5,6. Dry open. s. Fr.
s. G. u. It. Sic. Cors.

663. ANAGALKEIS.

Stem diffuse. L. sessile,
Cor. ciliate, with minute glands. a.
6-9. Cult. and uneult.

2. ezerulea. Stem diffuse. IL. sessile,
ovate. Cor. crenulate, without glands. a. 6-9.
Fields. Common in s. Kurope; more rare im
n. Europe.

l. arvensis.
ovate.

3. collina. Woody. Stem ascending or
erect. Lower L. ovate; upper oblongo-lanceo-

late. Fl.-stalks far exceeding L., recurved
when in fruit. Cor. twice calyx, scarlet or
blue. w.3-6. Isl. of San Petro near Sard.

4. tenella. Stem creeping. LL. opposite,

roundish, stalked. #1. axillary, 1-flowered, far
exceeding L., ponk. a. 6,7. Peat or some-
times moist sand. Rare in G. Not found in
s. Italy.

5. erassifolia. Stem creeping. L. alter-
nate, roundish, hardly stalked. Fl.-stalks shorter
than L. p.? 6,7. Overflows. Dax.

664. CHNTUNCULUS.

1. minimus. L. ovate, alternate. Fl. ses-

sile. a. 6,7. Moist sandy.
665. CORIS.
l. monspeliensis. LL. lnear. Fl. in
head-like racemes. w. 5,6. mdt. Fr.

666. ANDROSACE.

A. Stalks \-flowered. No Bracts.
Arptta, Linn.
1. helvetica. Densely cushioned. L. closely
imbricate, lanceolate, obtuse. Hairs simple,
deflexed. Fl. terminal, nearly sessile. Segm. of

_ Cal. somewhat acute (obtuse, DuBy). Valves of

ripe Caps. erect. yp. 7, 8.

Alps. Pyr.

2. cylindrica. Tufted. L. densely im-
bricate, lanceolato-oyate, very obtuse. Hairs
2

cf

Very high rocks.

300

simple, deflexed when old. F'.-stalks exceed-
ing L. “Segm. of Cal. lanceolate, acute. 17.
white. p.8. High calc. rocks. Wood of St.
Bertrand near la Oule du Marbori, Pyr.

3. Efeerii. “L. densely imbricate, lanceo-
late, obtuse, with simple and forked spreading
hairs. Fl. nearly sessile or stalked. Div. of
Cal. exceeding tube of corolla, acute. p. 7, 8.
Snowy. Opposite Martinsloch, Canton of
Glarus.’—Kocu.

4. pubescens. Stems erect, crowded.
L. closely approximate, forming rosettes, per-
sistent, spatulate, ciliate. Hairs simple or
rarely forked. Fl.-stalks shorter than L., not

thickened upwards. Segm. of Cal. lanceolato-
ovate, erect, acute. JV. white, with yellow
centre. p.6,7. High stony. Dau. Pays de

Vaud.

5. pyrenaica. Tufted. L. imbricate, keeled,
recurved, lineari-oblong, ciliate. Hairs simple.
Fl. -stalks smooth, incurved, exceeding L.
Segm. of Cal. obtuse. /7. white. p. 9, 10.
Very high mossy rocks. Seculejo, Averan, Pyr.

6. ciliata. “Stems lax. IL. imbricate,
lanceolato-oblong, smooth, ciliate with simple
or forked hairs. Segm. of Cal. erect, lanceo-
lato-linear, acute. Stalks incurved, rather long,
thickened upwards. FV. pale violet. p. High.
Port d’Oo, Maladetta, Pyr.”—Duby.

7. imbricata. Cushioned. L. densely im-
bricate, lanceolato-oblong, obtuse, covered, es-
pecially at the tip, with short branched and
radiating hairs. Div. of Cal. acute (obtuse,
Kocu). Valves of Caps. at last spreading or
reflexed. p. 6,7. Very high rocks. Alps.
Pyrenees.

8. glacialis. Tufted. L. approximate,
forming rosettes, covered with a short stellate
pubescence. (F'l.-stalks thickened upwards,
Dusy.) Segm. of Cal. lanceolato-linear, ob-

tuse (acute, Kocu). p.7, 8. High rocks.

Alps.

B. Flowers in involucrate umbels. L. entire.
Plant perennial.

9. villosa. Stem proliferous, forming glo-
bular tufts. Plant covered with long, spread-
ing, obscurely jointed hairs. lL. lineari-ob-
long. Bracts lineari-lanceolate, acute, exceed-
ing the unequal pedicels. p. 6-8. High rocks.
Alps. Jura. Pyr. Mont Ventous. Apenn.

10. Chamzjasme. Stems tufted. Ro-
settes open. Plant covered with long, spread-
ing, conspicuously jointed hairs. LL. lanceo-
late, acute, attenuate. Bracts lanceolato-oyate,

666. ANDROSACKH.

somewhat obtuse, about equalling Fl.-stalk.
Segm. of Cal. acute. p. 6-8. High rocks.
Alps.

11. carnea. Stems tufted. L. in rosettes,
lineari-subulate, obtuse. Scape flexuose, hairy :
this and F.-stalks covered with a short, stel-
late pubescence. Bracts acute, nearly equal-
ling Fl.-stalk. p. 7,8. High granite rocks.
Vosges. Alps. Auv. Pyr.

12. obtusifolia. Tufted. Scapes nume-
rous, covered, as well as Fl.-stalks, with a short
stellate pubescence. LL. in rosettes, lanceolate,
obtuse, sessile, glabrous, with very short cilia.
Fl.-stalks much exceeding lineari-ovate, acute
bracts; 2-4 times calyx, hardly one-fifth of
scape. p. 6,7. Very high. Alps.

18. lactea. Tufted. lL. in rosettes, lan-
ceolato-linear, acute, sessile, ciliate. Scape
and Stalk smooth. F.-stalks 5-8 times calyx,
more than one-third of scape. Bracts lineari-
lanceolate, acute. p.7,8. Cale. mountains.
Alps. Jura. Cev.

C. Annual or biennial. Root simple. L.
toothed. Flowers in involucrate umbels.

14. septentrionalis. Scape solitary, erect.
L. lanceolate, dentate, forming a rosette. F'l.-
stalks downy. Cal. smooth, shorter than co-
rolla. Teeth not half as long as tube. b. 5, 6.
Sandy fields. e.G. occ. Mountains of Dau.
and Pyrenees.

15. mama. Scape nearly solitary, suberect.
L. oblong, attenuate, forming rosettes. Inflo-
rescence hairy. Fl.-stalks more than half as
long as scape. Cal. turbinate, pentagonal, ex-
ceeding corolla. a.? 5,6. Jeadows. Ne-
brodes.

16. elongata. Scapes many, spreading.
L. lanceolate, dentate, forming rosettes. F.-
stalks more than half as long as scape. Teeth
of Cal. shorter than tube, exceeding corolla.
b. 7,8. Open hills and sandy fields. e. and
n. e. Germany.

17. maxima. Scapes many, spreading.
L. in rosettes, broad elliptic, dentate. Bracts
obovate, exceeding pedicels. Teeth of Cal.
equalling tube, exceeding corolla. a. 4, 5.
elds. Fr. Maintz. Cobl. Vallais. Valtellino.

667. GREGORIA.

1. vitaliana. Stems numerous, prostrate.
LL. linear, acute. p. 7,8. Very high, rocky.
Alps. Pyr. Abruzzi.

PRIMULACI A,

668. PRIMULA.

A. L. rugose, not fleshy, nor mealy beneath. |

Sp. 1-4.
B. L. not fleshy, mealy beneath. Margin
revolute when young. Sp. 5-7.
C. L. fleshy, not rugose, convolute when
young.
i. Flowers numerous.
ceeding involucre.
a. Throat of Corolla mealy. Sp. 8-14.
b. Throat not mealy. Sp. 15-17.

ii. Flowers 2-6. Stalks much shorter
than involucre.

a. Margin of L. entire. Sp. 18-20.
b. Margin of L. cut. Sp. 21-25.
A. Rugose, not fleshy. Margin revolute when
young. Calyx prismatic. Flowers yellow.
1. vulgaris. Scapes radical, 1-flowered.

Stalks unequal, ex-

L. gradually tapering downwards. Teeth of
Cal. lanceolato-linear, acuminate. Border of
Cor. flat. p.3. Woody.

2. elatior. Scapes umbellate. Teeth of

Cal. lanceolate, acuminate. Border of Cor.
nearly flat. p. 3, 4. Hedges and thickets.
oce. We have two var.:—one with tapering
L., like those of P. vulgaris, which Smith con-
siders a var. of that species; and one with the
L. abruptly contracted, like those of P. veris,
which seems to me a var. of veris. The early
L. of P. vulgaris are, however, sometimes ab-
ruptly contracted, like those of P. veris, and
the later ones of P. veris are sometimes, though
rarely, attenuate. P. elatior 1s between them
im this, as in everything else. The mouth of
the corolla is im all three sometimes nearly
hemispherical, and sometimes cylindricat,
forming a sort of second tube. The first flowers
of the first var. of P. elatior are frequently so-
itary, but smaller and of a darker colour than
is usual im P. vulgaris. .

3. veris. Scapesumbellate. L. oblongo-
ovate, abruptly contracted and then attenuate,
green on both sides. Teeth of Cal. ovate, not
acuminate. Border of Cor. concave. wg. 4.
Meadows.

4, suaveolens. Scapes umbellate. L. ab-
ruptly contracted ; the terminal part cordate,
white beneath. Teeth of Cal. ovato-lanceolate,
acute. Border of Cor. concave. yp. 4-6.
Pastures. Apenn.

B. L. hardly rugose, not fleshy, mealy be-
. neath, revolute when young. Fl. purplish,

5. longiflora. L. oblongo-obovate, some-

- Germen obovate.

(

i

301

what crenate. Tube of Cor. three times calyx.
p- 7. Very high pastures. Vall. rare. Tyrol.
Ven. Alps.

6. farinosa.
nato-dentate.
calyx.

L. obovato-lanceolate, cre-
Tube of Cor. about equalling
Border of Cor. nearly as long as tube.
Stigma capitate. yy. 6-8.

Boggy meadows. un. G. Alps. Jura. Pyr.

7. scotica. LL. obovato-lanceolate, denti-
culate. Tube of Cor. about equalling calyx,
twice as long as border. Stigma with 5 points.
p. 7. Sandy shores. xu. Se.

C. L. fleshy, not at all rugose, convolute when
young. Flowers in umbels.

i. Flowers numerous. Stalks unequal ; the
longer two or three times calyx, and exceed-
ing tnvoluere.

a. Throat of Corolla mealy.

8. Palinuri. “Mealy. L. broad obova-
to-spatulate, with acute, unequal teeth, and
glandular cilia. Umbel somewhat cernuous.
Bracts numerous, unequal. Cal. mealy : seg-
ments acute. Cor. funnel-shaped. p. 3, 4.
Cale. rocks. Cape Palinurus. K. Nap.”—
Bert. Jt ts not stated whether the throat of
Cor. be internally mealy or not.

9. latifelia. Some Fl. with short style,
and stamens in throat of corolla. Cal. mealy,
exceeding capsule. L. obovate or oblongo-obo-
vate, serrato-dentate from middle upwards, ci-
liate, and sprinkled on both sides with glandu-
liferous hairs. Scape and Fl.-stalks also with
short glanduliferous hairs. p.6,7. Grisons.
Vall.—Kocu.

10. Auricula. Some Fl. with short style,
and stamens in throat of corolla. Cal. mealy,
somewhat shorter than capsule. L. obovate:
margin mealy or densely ciliate with short
glanduliferous hairs. Scape glabrous at base ;
upper part and Fil.-stalks mealy. Floral L.
ovate, obtuse. 7. yellow. p. As snow dis--
appears. Alps.—Kocu. Apenn.

ll. pubescens. Some Fl. with short
style, and the stamens about middle of tube of
corolla. Cal. mealy. L. obovato-oblong, den-
tato-serrate at top: the margin densely ciliate
with short, glanduliferous hairs. Scape gla-
brous at base. Upper part of Fl.-stalks
mealy. Floral L. ovate, obtuse. 7. purple.
p. 4, when ligh later. Rocks. Abundant
near Pregrat in Tyrol.—Kocu.

12. venusta. Cal. mealy within and on
margin, about one-third of tube of corolla.

302

L. obovate, smooth on both sides. Floral L.
ovate, obtuse. Caps. about equalling calyx.
Scape smooth. FV. purple. p. 4,5. Moun-

Idria. Monte Baldo.

13. marginata. “ L. oblongo-obovate or
obovate, deeply, unequally, and obtusely den-
tate. Margin white, mealy. Cal. campanu-
late, patulous, mealy within and on margin.
Caps. acute. Cor. salver-shaped. p. 7, 8.
Lig.’—Berr. Pyr. Dau.

tains.

14. carniolica. Smooth, LL. obovate or
oblong. Cal. nowhere mealy, about one-
third of tube of corolla. Caps. about equal-
ling calyx. FV. purple. p.5, 6. Mountains.
Carn.—Kocu, who does not state whether
the throat of Cor.2s mealy.

b. Throat of Corolla not mealy.

15. rheetica. Scape and Fl.-stalks fur-
nished with minute, sessile glands. Stamens
of short-styled FI. placed beneath the top of
tube. L. oblongo-obovate or obovate, denti-
culato-serrate at top. Margin densely ciliate,
with short glanduliferous hairs. 27. “lac.
p. 4,5. Grisons—Kocu.

16. pedemontana. Scape and F'l.-stalks
covered with glands on very short. stalks.
Stamens of short-styled Fl. placed below mid-
dle of tube. L. oblong or obovate, obsoletely
repando-dentate. Margin ciliate with short
glanduliferous hairs. Glands usually reddish.
p. 6, 7. Mountaims. Vall. Grisons.—Kocu.

17. villosa. Scape and Fl.-stalks covered
with glands on jointed hairs. Stamens of
short-styled Fl. a little above middle of tube.
L. obovate or subrotund, dentato-serrate from
middle upwards, viscoso-pubescent, ciliate with
glanduliferous hairs. Cal. twice as long as
capsule. p. 5, 6. High granite. s. Alps.
Pyrenees.— Kocu.

ii. Flowers 2-6. Stalk shorter than involuere.
a. Margin of L. entire.

18. glaucescens. L. oblongo-lanceolate,
acute, with cartilaginous margin, smooth. Cal.
a lengthened tube, with 5 acute teeth. Cor.
funnel-shaped, yellow. p. 5,6, 7. Valtellino.
Mts. about Lake of Como,— Burt.

19. spectabilis. L. elliptico-lanceolate or
lanceolate, with cartilaginous margin. Floral
L. linear, equalling or exceeding Fl.-stalks.
Cal. tubuloso-campanulate, shorter than tube
of corolla. (L. and Teeth of Cal. obtuse,
Bert.) LF. purple. pv. 7, 8. Mountain
gravel. e. Alps.

668. PRIMULA.

20. integrifolia. L. elliptico-obiong, en-
tire, without cartilaginous margin. Margin
and Scape villous. Floral L. linear. Cal. tubu-
loso-campanulate, shorter than tube of corolla.
p-. 7,8. High boggy. e. Sw.—Kocu.

b. Margin of L. cut.

21. dinyana. L. oblongo- or lanceolato-
cuneate, sprinkled with very short hairs. Mar-

_ gin densely ciliate, repand or denticulate at

top. Teeth pointless. Floral L. ovato-lanceo-
late. Cal. campanulate. p. 6, 7. High.
Albula in Grisons.

22. glutinosa. L. cuneato-lanceolate, ob-
tuse, glutinous, but without hairs. Margin
serrate from middle upwards. Serratures
pointless. Floral L. oval. Fl. nearly sessile.
p. 6-8. High moist. Sty. Carinthia. Tyrol.
—Kocu. Valtellino. Belluno.

23. Allionii. L. obovate, somewhat mu-
cronulate, denticulate, covered on both sides, as
well as Scape and Cal., with viscid hairs. Fl.
on very short stalks. Floral L. cuneate. p. 6.
Calc. rocks. Fiume.—Kocu.

24. floerkiana. IL. obovate, cuneate at
base, somewhat glutinous, but without hairs,
rounded at the end. Margi from middle cre-
nato-dentate. Teeth acuminate, mucronate.
Floral L. ovali-oblong. Fl. on very short
stalks. p.7, 8. Very high. s. Tyr. upper
Carinth. upper Carn.

25. minima. I. obovato-cuneate, smooth,
truncate, obtuse. Crenatures acuminato-mucro-
nate. Floral L. lmear. Fl. 1 or 2, nearly
sessile. p. 7,8. High moist rocks. e. Alps.
Sudetes.

669. CORTUSA.

1. Matthioli. L. cordato-subrotund, lobed,
acutely dentate. Cor. exceeding calyx. op. 7.
Wet, in high valleys. Swab. Bay. u. Tyr.
Styria. n. e. It.

670. SOLDANELLA.

1. montana. L. subrotund. Cor. cloven to
middle. Scales of the Mouth nearly equalling
filaments. Style as long as corolla. Glands
of Fl.-stalks on short hairs. p. 5-7. Boggy
mountain woods. Salzb. Aust. Boh.

2. alpina. L. subrotundo-reniform. Cor.
cloven to middle. Scales of Mouth equalling
filaments. Style as long as corolla. Glands
of Fl.-stalks sessile. p.5. Very high. Alps.

| Pyr. Apenn.

PRIMULACEAS. 303

3. pusilla. IL. cordato-reniform. Cor.
hardly cloven to one-third. Scales of Mouth 0.
Style shorter than corolla. Glands of Fl.-stalks
sessile. Cor. almost copper-coloured. wp. 5.
Very high. Alps from Sw. to Sty.—Kocn,

4. minima. L. circular. Cor. cloven to
one-third. Scales of Mouth very short or 0.
Style shorter than corolla. Glands of Fl.-stalks
on short hairs. p. 6,7. Mountains. Tyr.
Carinthia. Carn. Sty —Kocu.

671. CYCLAMEN.

1. europzeum. LL. cordato-subrotund,
dentate, appearing with flowers. Crenatures
pointless. p. 5-9. Woody hills. Alps. Boh.
Eng. Fr.

2. hederifolium. Root large, orbicular,
depressed. L. cordato-ovate, angular, finely
denticulate, appearing after flowers. yp. 9, 10.
Dry stony hills. Vall. s. Fv.? Cors. m. and
e. Italy.

3. Poli. Root orbicular, depressed. L. ob-
longo-lanceolate, hastate or sagittate, finely den-
ticulate, appearing after flowers. p. Autumn.
Woods. Mastvati. Pisciarelli.

4. vernum. Root small, orbicular, de-
pressed. L. ecordato-ovate, angular, and with
large, unequal teeth; appearing with flowers.
Teeth and angles acute. p.5. Woody. It.

5. repandum. Root small, orbicular, de-
pressed. IL. cordato-subrotund, obtuse, slightly
and bluntly repand; appearing with flowers.
(Crenatures and angles mucronulate, Kocu.)
p. 4,5. Sandy woods. Istria. Ravenna.

672. HOTTONIA.
1. palustris. Fl. stalked, in whorls. L.
pectinato-pinnatifid. .5. Water.

673. SAMOLUS.

1. Walerandi. L. obovate.
the middle of the pedicel.
p. 6-8. Moist.

A Bract in
Rac. corymbose.

674. GLAUX.

1. maritima. L. simple, opposite, oblong.
Fi. small, axillary, solitary. p. 6-8. Salt
meadows and banks.

LXXVII. GLOBULARIEA.

Calyx 5-cleft, tiled in the bud. Corolla inferior, of 1 petal, 5-cleft.
being none between the two upper divisions of the corolla.

seed.

675. GLOBULARIA.

1. Alypum. Stem shrubby, erect. L.
lanceolato - spatulate, sometimes tridentate.
Seales of Involucre imbricate, ciliate. Heads
nearly sessile. s.S. Spring. Warm stony.
mdt. Fr. Lig. Sic.

2. cordifolia. Stem shrubby, prostrate,
much branched. L. spatulate, stalked, often
emarginate, with or without an intermediate
tooth, smooth. Heads on stalks which are
nearly naked. w. 5-7. Stony. Alps. Vosges.
Jura. Apenn.

3. nudiecaulis. Herbaceous, erect. Root

Stamens 4; there -
Ovary of 1 cell, and 1 pendulous

multiceps. L. oblong, crenate, rounded at top.

Stalk naked, or with 1 or 2 scales. p. 6-8.
Mountains. s. Alps. Pyr.
4. vulgaris. Herbaceous, erect. Root

multiceps.. Root-L. spatulate, emarginate or
tridentate. Stem-L. numerous, lanceolate.
p- 5,6. Calc. stony. Fr. G. It.

5. incanescens. Herbaceous, diffuse. Root
woody. Root-L. orbiculari-spatulate, stalked,
3-nerved, pulverulent, sometimes emarginate.
Stem-L. ovate, acumimate. Upper Lip of Cor.
entire; lower 8-cleft. p.6, 7. Wountains.
Massa and Carrara.

LXXVIII. PLUMBAGINEA.

Calyx plicate.
claw of the Petals.
5 stigmas.

676. PLUMBAGO.

1. europzea. Lower L. obovate, stalked ;
upper ovato-lanceolate, amplexicaul, rough on
margin. Bracts 3, the intermediate largest.
p. 8,9. Uncult. s. Fr. Istria. It.

677. STATICE.

Tn this genus, (except in the first and last
divisions, each containing with me only one
species,) the flowering-stalk is leafless, produced
annually from a rosette or tuft of L., and much
branched. A Scale, or what perhaps might be
called a bract, if it were not convenient to
confine the name to some part more connected
with the flowers, occurs at each ramification.
The Flowers are in spicules, placed in two
rows, but generally pointing one way, and dis-
posed in spikes at the ends of the branches.
At the base of each spicule is a scale, like
those at the ramifications, but here called the
outer bract; within this is a second bract,
which is almost always membranous; and
then a third, called the inner, larger and more
substantial, at least in the middle, and wrap-
ping round the spicule. Where the spicule has
more than one flower, there is usually another
membranous bract to each. The Calyx is
formed of a tube with 5 ribs, generally some-
what hairy, and endmg in 5 red or dark-
coloured nerves, which, except in one or two
instances, do not reach to the end of the white
border. It is to be understood, where not
mentioned, that the lobes of this border are
obtuse, that the inner bract is obtuse and with
a membranous border, and that the outer is
usually more or less acute, z.¢. forming an
angle at the extremity, though often a very
obtuse one. In the dried plant the surface of
the L. and stem becomes wrinkled. This must
not be confounded with the tubercular rough-
ness characteristic of some species. M. Boissier,
in the twelfth volume of De Candolle’s ‘ Pro-
dromus,’ has made quite a new disposition of
the species, which I have for the most part
adopted.

A. Petals distinct, or only adhering at the
base. Styles separate.

i. Utriculus circumsciss. Sp. 1.

Corolla regular, 5-cleft or 5-petalous.
Ovary of 5 carpels, each of one cell and one seed. Styles 5; or 1, with

Stamens inferior or fixed to the

ii. Utriculus indehiscent.
a. Barren Branches few or 0.
* Sinus of Calyx broad and_plicate.
Sp. 2, 3.
** Sinus of Calyx narrow.
+ Spicules touching. Sp. 4-9.
+1 Spicules separate.
+ Plant smooth. Sp. 10-14.
++ Scape and Bracts tubercled.
Sp. 15.
b. Barren Branches numerous.
* Bracts membranous only at top and
on margin.
+ Scapes continuous. Branches
not divaricate. Sp. 16-20.
Tt Scapes jointed. Sp. 21-25.

** Outer Bracts altogether membra-
nous. Sp. 26.

B. Petals united in a tube. Sp. 27, 28.
C. Styles united to the middle. Flowering-
stem leafy. Sp. 29.

A. Petals distinct or only adhering at

the base.
i. Utriculus circumsciss.
1. sinuata. Hirsute. Stem herbaceous,

leafy, winged. Root-L. lyrate, obtuse. Stem-
L. acute. Cal. entire. p. 5-7. Cal. Sic.
Sardinia.
ii. Utriculus indehiscent.
a. Barren branches few or 0.

* Sinus of Calyx broad, plicate, often with
one or more teeth.

2. rariflora. Pan. not corymbose: the
branches straight, or curved inward. Spicules
separate. lL. oblongo-lanceolate, one-nerved,
mucronate. p. 7, 8. Salt marshes.

3. Limonium. Pan. corymbose : branches
curved outward. Spicules crowded. Zhe mu-
cro of the L. in this species sometimes origi-
nates from the margin, sometimes from that
and the midrib combined, and sometimes from
the midrib alone, the margin beimg continued
im front of it. p. 8,9. Salt marshes.

B. Gmelini, Kocu. Lower branches of
Pan. barren.

PLUMBAGINEG.

y. drepanensis, TiN. Branches rough.

I gathered a plant at Port Louis, Brittany,
in Jwy 1836, which has the Cal. of this sec-
tion, but the Stem is woody and a good deal
branched, bearing several low, corymbose
scapes. The IL. are small, the larger only
about 1 imch long, instead of 6 or 7, as they
are in Limoncum, elliptico-spatulate, the haft
as long as the blade, and with a slender ter-
minal mucro. It is not noticed by Lloyd in
the Fl. of the Loire Infériecure.

** Sinus of Calyx narrow, toothless.
+ Spreules touching.

4. ovalifolia. lL. ovato-lanceolate, coria-
ceous, canaliculato-concave, acuminate. Pan.
corymbose, very dense. Spicules 14 line or
2 lines long. Upper Bract not keeled. w.
7,8. Sea-shore. w. Fr.

5. lychnidifolia. L. coriaceous, obovato-
lanceolate, canaliculato - concave, acuminate.
Pan. pyramidal. Spikes not crowded. Spv-
cules 3 lines long. Upper Bract somewhat
keeled. p. 8. Sea-shore. Narb. La Teste.
Brittany.

6. densiflora. IL. plano-convex, small,
fleshy, ovate, acute (obtuse, Dusy). Spikes
1 to 3 on a branch. Spicules regularly and
densely tiled in broad ovate spikes. All the
Bracts obtuse. p. 7%. Sea-shore. Fr. Sic.

7. auriculifolia (orylepis, Boiss.). L.
spatulate, flat, obtuse (acute or acuminate,
Berv.). Haft short. Pan. long, with short
branches. Inner Bract rather acute, the drown
and somewhat keeled back being continued
quite to the extremity. Inner Margin reddish.
p. 6. Shores of Mdt.

8. Bodartii (spatulata, Hooxer). L. ob-
ovato-spatulate, 3-nerved in lower part, point-

less, or with a short, terminal mucro. Haft as
long as blade. No barren branches. Outer
Bracts about half as long as inner. p. 8, 9.

Sea-shore.

9. occidentalis. L. lanceolato-spatulate,
without lateral nerves. Mucro, if any, seta-
ceous below the tip. Haft as long as blade.
There are usually afew small, barren branches.
Outer Bracts about half as long as inner.
Spikes more lax and less regular than in Sp. 8.
p. 8,9. Sea-shore.

+t Specules separate.
£ Seape and Bracts smooth.

10. globulariifolia. L. obovato-spatulate,
somewhat acute (8—-5-nerved, Kocu), mucro-

2R

05

nate (5%, to 2 inches long, Dusv.). Haft short.
Outer Bracts about one-third of mner. Border
of Cal. half as long as tube. p. 6,7. madt.
Fr. Between Grado and the mouth of the Isonzo,
on the Gulf of Trieste.

ll. sibthorpiana. L. small, obovato-spa-
tulate, somewhat obtuse, 1-nerved, with a ra-
ther long mucro and short haft. Spikes short.
Spicules rather crowded. Outer Bract about
one-fourth of inner. Border of Cal. as long
as tube. Nerves strong, dark. p. Shores.
Ali, s. of Messina.

12. duriuscula. L. obovato - spatulate,
somewhat rough on upper surface. Haft short.
Scape low, and loosely panicled. Inner Bract
three times as long as outer. Nerves of border
persistent, red, at last recurved, tearing the
membrane. Lobes often acute. p. 7, 8. mat.
France.

13. psiloclada. L. obovato-spatulate, ob-
tuse or retuse, pellucid. Margin somewhat
revolute. Haft very short. Branches of Pan.
spreading, slender. Upper Bract five times
lower, reddish towards margin. Border of Cal.
half as long as tube. w. 5-9. Shores of Mat.

14, minutiflora. LL. small, obovato- or
oblongo-spatulate, retuse or very obtuse, point-
less. Margin somewhat revolute. (Haft long,
Guss.) Pan. short. Bracts reddish; mner
three times as long as outer. Border of Cal.
half tube. Nerve thick, red. p. 6,7. Stony
shores. It.islands. Branches somewhat jointed
and rather brittle.

££ Scape and Bracts tubereled.

15. echioides. L. oblongo-spatulate, sca-
brous. Branches spreading, somewhat recurved.
Border of Cal. disappearing, and leaving the
red, naked, spreading, and somewhat hooked
nerves. a. 5-7. Shores. Mat.

b. Barren branches numerous.

* Bracts membranous only at top and on
margin.
Tt Scape continuous. Branches not divari-
; cate. :
16. oleifolia (virgata, Botss.). L. thin
(coriaceous, BERT.), oblongo- or lanceolato-spa-
tulate, obtuse or retuse; (the pellucid margin
revolute, J. W.) Haft long. Barren Branches
branched, rigid, and somewhat pungent. Upper
Bracts somewhat keeled, four times lower. p.
or w. 5-7. Shores of Mdt. 5
I met with a plant at Civita Vecchia, in June
1832, with a long, narrow panicle, and the

306 677. STATICE.

barren branches simple and spine-like. Query
if belonging to this species ?

17. reticulata. “ L. obversely lanceolate,
cuneate, obtuse. Stems decumbent, much
branched, divaricate. Branches crossing each
other. Spikes lax. Spicules few. Lobes of
the Cal. of the Fruit erecto-patulous, acute. w.
5, 6. Maretimo.’—BrErt.

18. Tineii. Woody, much branched.
The perennial Stems decumbent, with long
leafy branches. L. small, obovato-spatulate.
Barren Branches somewhat pectinate. Fl. few,
remote. w.7, 8. Volcanic. Pantellaria.

a. gracilis. Flowermg-stems slender. Spi-
cules 2-flowered.

B. parvifolia, Perennial Stems almost fla-
gelliform. Flowering-stems slender. Spi-
cules 1-flowered.

7. pygmea. Perennial Stems fibrillose. Flow-
ering-stems firm, almost jointed. Spicules
3-flowered.— Guss., who adopts these
from Tineo as 3 species. Boissier unites
them all to S. dictyoclada, to which the
description does not lead us.

19. minuta. L. small, obovato- or lanceo-
lato-spatulate, somewhat fleshy, obtuse or re-
tuse, channeled above, keeled below. Margin
revolute, not pellucid. Stem rough, sometimes
hairy. Barren Branches nearly simple. w.
5, 6. Mars. Toul. Hyéves.

B. acutifolia, Bert. LL. acute. Sard.

20. pubescens. L. small, obcordato-cu-
neate, channeled above, keeled below. Margin
revolute, not pellucid. Stem densely hairy,
hardly rough. Barren Branches compound.
Outer Bract very small. w. 6, 7. Shores of
Prov. and western Liguria.

++ Scapes jointed, the divisions contracted
at one or both ends, generally dwaricate.
21. dictyoclada. LL. small, lanceolato-
spatulate, obtuse. Haft rather long. Stem
rough, not hairy. Barren Branches multifido-
dichotomous, divaricate. Spicules distant. Up-
per Bracts four times as long as outer. p. 7, 8.
Sard. Cors. Sic. Boissier puts to this dicho-
toma of Guss., which Gussone himself refers
to S. Smithii; 7. e., to oleifolia of Smith, vir-
gata of Bovssier.

22. cancellata. All velvety. LL. small,
obovato-cuneate, retuse. Scape low, very much
branched, rectangularly flexuose. Middle Bract
hyaline, equal to outer; inner four times as
long. Tube of Cal. hairy all over. Lobes acute.

w.7. Shores. Fiume. Istria. Perhaps S.

reticulata of Lann.

23. cumana. “Covered with a bran-hke
down. IL. obovato-spatulate, obtuse or retuse.
Margin somewhat revolute. Branches very much
dichotomously subdivided; the barren ones
straight, with long, slender jomts. Spikes very
lax, few-flowered. Bracts hairless; the outer very ;
small and almost entirely membranous; inner
six times as long, the herbaceous back some-
what keeled, and produced almost to the ex--
tremity. Border of Cal. about as long as tube.
Lobes oblong, rather acute. p. 5, 6. Shore.
Naples.

“ B. tenuicula, Guss. Hairless. Maretimo.”

—Boiss.

24. articulata. Fleshy, becoming black in
drying. IL. small, oblongo- or lineari-spatu-
late, nearly disappearing before the flowering.
Scape rough, very brittle at the joimings.
Joints contracted at each end; upper almost
globular. Spicules few, or solitary. Upper
Bract five times as long as lower. Lobes of
Cal. somewhat acute. p. 7, 8. Maritime rocks.
Corsica.

25. cordata. Quite smooth. L. flaccid,
obovato-spatulate, rounded at the end or retuse.
Branches straight, very brittle at the joinings.
Joints contracted at each end, angular. Spikes
long and lax. Inner Bract three times as long
as outer. Border of Cal. rather acute. p. 7-9.
Stony shores. Sic.

** Outer Bracts altogether membranous ;
inner very nearly so.

26. caspia. Rough, hairless. L. obovato-
or lanceolato-spatulate, obtuse. Scape much
branched. Barren Branches capillaceo-multi-
fid; upper forming a corymbose panicle. Spi-
cules crowded in short spikes. Tube of Cal.
short, conical. Border longer than tube. Lobes
rather acute, denticulate. p. or w. 7-9. Shores
and salt marshes, chiefly of Mat.

B. Petals united ma tube. Calyx falling
short of Bracts.

27. diffusa. L. very small, narrow linear.
Seales of barren Branches ovate, acute.
Bracts membranous, ovato-lanceolate, acumi-
nate. Spikes somewhat recurved, lax, ending
in barren branches. Teeth of Cal. acute,
mucronulate. w. 7,8. Salé marshes. Ste.
Lucie.

28. ferulacea. Leafless.. Scales of barren
Branches and outer Bracts setaceo-acuminate.

&

PLUMBAGINEA.

Spicules densely clustered in short spikes.
6, 7. Salt marshes. wdt. Fr. Sic.

w.

C. Petals united in the tube of a hypocra-
teriform corolla. Styles united to the
middle !

29. monopetala. Stem woody, leafy, not
winged. LL. carnoso-coriaceous, lineari-lanceo-
late, alternate. Spike terminal, brittle. Fl.
solitary. w. 6,7. Salt marshes. Ste. Lucie.
Sicily.

678. ARMERIA.

The spur on the calyx of A. fasciculata was,
I believe, first noticed by M. Boissier. In the
‘Prodromus’ of De Candolle, this writer de-
pends much on the hairiness of the calyx, con-
fined to the ribs, or spreading over the whole
surface. I find that in species with the latter
character, the hairs are stronger and more nu-
merous on the ribs than in the intervening
spaces; and in those with the former, that a
few small hairs sometimes occur in the inter-
val, and those on the ribs in the upper part of
the tube occupy so wide a space that the inter-
val is often hardly perceptible. Still, I think
it is in general a recognizable character, and, as
such, have noticed it. The hollow at the base
of the calyx also, first made use cf by him, ap-
pears to me to be almost always nearly round,
or broadly ovate, or oval. I have only noticed
it when it is stated to deviate considerably
from this form.

A. Calyx furnished with a Spur. Sp. 1, 2
B. No Spur to Calyx.
i. Spicules sessile.
a. L. all similar.
lit l-nervyed. Sp. 0-9.
** T,. more or less distinctly 3- or 5-
nerved. Sp. 10-12.
b. Primary L. broader. Sp. 18-17.
ii. Spicules stipitate. Sp. 18-23.
A. Calyx furnished with a spur.

1. fasciculata. Smooth, shrubby, densely
leafy. L. linear, entire, channeled, 1-nerved,
acute. Cai. ending rather abruptly in 5 very
short awns. w.5, 6. Sandy shores. Cors. Sard.

2. Soleirolii. “Stem shrubby; upper
part leafy. L. fascicled, revolute beneath,
finely channeled, very narrow linear, somewhat
pungent. Scape quite smooth, three or four
times longer than L. Bracts somewhat acute.
Teeth of Cal. aristato-acuminate, much shorter
than corolla. s.S. Maritime rocks. Calvi.”

R

307

—Dusy. The Spur is not mentioned: I only
suppose ut to exist from analogy.

B. No Spur to Calyx.
i. Spicules sessile.
a. L. all similar.

* L. \-nerved, the sides almost parallel
throughout.

3. pubigera. “Shrubby at base. Stems
short, naked at base, tufted. IL. in rosettes,
short, linear, about as wide as the scape, 1-
nerved, rigid, somewhat 3-edged, rather blunt;
upper part channeled, dotted, obtusely keeled.
Heads small. Bracts altogether scariose: the
lower shorter, ovate, somewhat acute; the
others obtuse, sometimes with a mucro. Pedi-
cel half as long as tube of calyx. Basal Pit
oblong. Tube of Cal. hairy all over: border
longer than tube. Div. ovate, short, abruptly
awned. w. Isl. of Staffa.”—Boiss.

4. ruscinonensis. “Quite smooth (shrub-
by at base, Borss.). L. much crowded, linear
or somewhat lanceolato-linear, dentate, quite
entire, flaccid. Scape about twice as long as
L. Bracts rather broad; outer generally fall-
ing short of flowers, cuspidato-acuminate ; in-
nermost equalling flowers, emarginate or entire
(sometimes with mucro, Bortss.). Ribs of
tube of Cal. hirsute (only on nerves, Botss.).
Teeth with a mucro twice as long as them-
selves. p.5,6. Port Vendre. Collioure.”—
GIRARD.

5. maritima. Outer Bracts broad, obtuse,
somewhat cuspidate ; inner pointless. Tube of
Cal. hairy all over. £7. Vilac. p.7, 8. Sea-
coasts.

6. pubescens. Outer Bracts shortly tri-
angular, the herbaceous back forming a point
beyond the membrane; inner longer and very
obtuse. Pedicel as long as the tube of calyx.
Tube hairy only on the ribs. p. 7,8. Sea-
shores.—Botss.

7. EXalleri. “ L. short, somewhat chan-
neled, without a margin. Outer Bracts small,
ovate, with a short mucro; inner twice as
large, ovato-subrotund, with a broad margin,
equalling calyx of fruit. Pedicel half as long
as tube of calyx. Tube hairy only on the ribs.
p. Hartz. Perhaps a var. of A. elongata.”
—Borss.

8. leucantha. Outer Bracts lanceolate,
acuminate; inner obtuse, pointless : all shorter
than head. Fl. brilliant white. p. Very high.
Cors.—Lots.

2

308 675. ARMERIA.

9. elongata. Outer Bracts cuspidate;
inner mucronate, with excurrent nerve. (Tube
of Cal. hairy on the ribs, Boiss.) p. 6-9.
Sandy.

B. purpurea? Kocu. FI. dark purple.

** L. more or less distinctly 3-nerved, taper-

ing towards the end.

10. alpina. L. 1- or obscurely 3-nerved.
Outer Bracts oblong, somewhat mucronate,
(half as long as inner. Basal Pit oblong.
Tube of Cal. hairy only on the ribs, Botss.)
p. 7,8. Mountain pastures.

ll. alliacea. “IL. broadly linear, acute,
3-nerved, striate, finely downy as well as the
Scape. Bracts oblong: outer smaller, acute ;
inner very obtuse. Teeth of Cal. ending in
longawns. p.6. Snowy.”—Burt. Berto-
lont gowns with this A. leucantha. I insert it
because he describes the L. as 3-nerved, and
because Boissier refers it to A. plantaginea.

12. plamtaginea. L. lineari-lanceolate,
acuminate, 3-7-nerved. Outer Bracts cuspi-
date ; inner very obtuse, with excurrent nerve.
(Pedicel nearly as long as tube of calyx. Basal
Pit elliptic. Tube hairy only on the ribs,
Boiss.) p.6, 7. Sandy.

B. cephalotes, Bert. Border of Cal. erose.

y. scorzonerifolia, BAuBIs. Outer Bracts
short.

5. arenaria, PERS.
ing head.
e. alliacea, Lots. ?

Outer Bracts exceed-

Fl. white.

b. Primary L. wider than the others.

13. juncea. Cal. hairy all over. L. 1-
uerved: outer narrow linear, somewhat denti-
culate; inner longer, filiform, somewhat chan-
neled at base. Outer Bracts lanceolate, cuspi-
date, as long as the very obtuse inner. p.
Sandy. Near Montp. and in the Cev.—Botss.

14. sardoa. Tube of Cal. hairy only on
the ribs. Stem woody at base. LL. 1-nerved,
short, acute: lower linear, flat; inner narrow
lineari-setaceous, somewhat channeled. Outer
Bracts ovato-triangular, acuminate, with a
narrow margin; inner oblong, obtuse, with a
broad margin. p. Mountains. Sard.—
Boiss.

15. denticulata. Woody at base, densely
cushioned, smooth. Tube of Cal. hairy only
on the ribs. Lower L. soon perishing, lineari-
lanceolate (denticulate, Berv.) ; upper narrow
linear. Outer Bracts acuminato-cnspidate ;

upper shorter, abruptly mucronate.
Mountains. Near Sarzana.

p. 5, 6.

16. nebrodensis. Woody at base. Tube
of Cal. hairy only on the ribs. IL. 1-nerved,
acute: outer lanceolate; inner narrow linear.
Outer Bracts ovate, without a margin; inner
twice as long, obtuse, with a broad margin.
w. Madonie.—Botss.

17. magellensis. Tube of Cal. hairy
only on the ribs. Base of plant hardened,
and squarrose with the persistent sheaths. L.
somewhat recurved, short, linear, obtuse, 3-
nerved, channeled; inner narrower. Outer
Bracts ovate, obtusely cuspidate, about as long
as inner; inner obtuse, sometimes mucronate.
w. Monte Majella in Abruzzi—Botss.

ti. Spicules somewhat stuntate within invo-
lucre. Tube of Calyx hairy only on the ribs.

18. HXochii. Stems cushioned, hardened
at base. lL. linear, mucronulate, nearly nerve-
less, flat above, convex beneath. Scape flexu-
ose. Bracts few, very obtuse; the inner gra-
dually larger by means of a broader margin.
Pedicel about half as long as tube of calyx.
w. Ligh. Cors.—Botss.

19. leucocephala. Tufted, hardened at
base, and covered with the withered sheaths.
L. linear, flat, 1-nerved. Margin narrow, pro-
longed into a short cusp. Outer Bracts few,
much shorter than the head, acute; following
ones somewhat longer, obtuse, mucronate ;
those connected with the separate stalks broadly
herbaceous on the back, with a membranous
margin exceeding the calyx of fruit. Pedicel
as long as tube of calyx. w. Cors.—Boiss.

20. Morisii. Smooth, tufted. Stem clothed
at the base with the withered sheaths. L. some-
what coriaceous, very short, oblong or ob-
longo-lanceolate, acute, 3-nerved, with a nar-
row, finely serrulate margin. Bracts scariose :
outer oblong, acute; inner a little longer, ob-
tuse, with a broad margin. Bracts (inner-
most) herbaceous on the back, exceeding calyx.
Pedicel somewhat longer than tube. Basal
Pit oblong. p. Sard.—Botss.

21. Gussonii. Rosettes nearly solitary.
L. somewhat coriaceous, oblongo-lanceolate or
lineari-lanceolate, flat, rather acute, with an
entire margin, with 5—7 branched, anastomos-
ing nerves. Bracts scarlose: outer shorter,
oblong, obtusely acuminate ; inner very blunt.
Pedicel half as long as tube of calyx. Basal
Pit oblong. p. Busambra.— Boiss.

PLUMBAGINE.E. 309

22. pubimervis. Stems tufted, covered at
base with the old sheaths. LL. broadly lineari-
lanceolate, rather acute, with a narrow margin,
about 5-nerved, 3-nerved at top. Nerves cili-
ate on both sides. Bracts herbaceo-membra-
nous, ovate, obtuse, mucronate; inner without
mucro ; those of separate stalks with a broadly
herbaceous back, exceeding calyx. Pedicel
shorter than tube. Basal Pit long oblong.
Five ribs of tube hairy, the other five nearly

smooth. p.
Botss.

Mountains vicar Bayonne.—

23. macropoda. Quite hairless. Base
hardened. IL. lanceolate or lineari-lanceolate,
long. Bracts green, herbaceous: outer round-
ovate, with obtuse mucro; inner oblong, ob-
tuse, with a membranous margin. Pedicel
twice as long as tube of calyx. p. Monte
Vergine, Termini, K. Naples.—Botss.

LXXIX. PLANTAGINE.

Corolla inferior, of 1, regular, 4-cleft petal.

the base of the corolla.
placenta. Style 1.

679. LITTORELLA.

l. lacustris. Stem 0. L. linear, some-
what channeled. Barren FI. stalked; fertile
sessile. p.6. Shallow margins of ponds.

680. PLANTAGO.

£x. No true Stem.

i. Placenta with 2 wings, dividing the
Capsule into 2 cells, with two or more
seeds in each. Sp. 1-3.

zi. Placenta flat, with 1 seed on each side.
a. Tube of Corolla hairless.
* Plant annual. Sp. 4.

** Plant perennial, but without a
woody rhizoma above ground. Sp.
5-14.

*** Plant with a woody rhizoma
above ground. Sp. 15.

. Tube of Corolla pubescent. Sp.
16—19.

iii. Placenta with 3-4 wings. Sp. 20, 21.
B. Plant caulescent. Sp. 22-25.

&.. No Stem.
i. Placenta with 2 wings.

1. major. L. ovato-elliptic, spreading, on
broad hafts. Scape about as long as L. Spike
long, cylindrical. Seeds 8. p. 7-9. Jea-
dows and uncult.

B. intermedia. IL. coarsely serrate. Bracts

nearly as loug as calyx.

2. Cornuti. L. elliptic, entire, stalked.

Stamens 4, inserted on the receptacle, or on

Ovary of 1 cell; or of 2-4 cells, separated by the wings of the central

Scape 2 or 3 times as long as L.
long, cylindrical.
te os

3. brutia. L. oblong, acute, with large
teeth pointing different ways. Stalks short.
Scape decumbent. Fil. hairless. Seeds 2 in
each cell. p. 6. Monte Polino in Cal.

Spike very
Seeds 2 in each cell. p.
Salt marshes. Montp. Trieste. n. e. It.

ii. Placenta flat. Seeds 1 on each side.
a. Tube of Corolia smooth.
* Plant annual. L. erect.

4. Bellardi. L. lineari-lanceolate, acute,
3-nerved. Scape hardly exceeding L. Bracts
and Div. of Cor. acuminate. a.4,5. Dry.
mdt. Fr. Istria. It.

** Plant perennial. No above-ground rhi-
zomda.

5. media. L. elliptic ovate, length about
12 breadth, attenuate into a short, broad haft,
densely pubescent. Scape terete. Spike short,
cylindrical. Bracts scariose, acuminate, as
long as calyx. p.5,6. Dry meadows and
pastures.

6. lanceolata. LL. lanceolate, length 4—
12 times breadth, 3—T-nerved. Scape with 5
furrows. Spike globose, ovate or oblong.
Bracts hairless, with a long scariose acumen.
Lateral Div. of Cal. somewhat acuminate, not
ciliate on margin. p. 3-7. Ileadows and pas-
tures. I follow others in making the charac-
ters depend in part upon the pubescence, as
without it it seems impossible to distinguish
the species. Yet in our English plant I find
the Bracts sometimes quite smooth; and some-
times densely hairy on the back. The Scape,

310 680. PLANTAGO.

also, is sometimes furrowed and sometimes
Jinely and indefinitely striate, and the. Spike
of Fruit sometimes globular and sometimes
cylindrical.

7. altissima. “ L. lanceolate, 5—7-nerved.
Scape with more than 5 deep furrows. Spike
oblongo-cylindrical. Bracts ovate, acuminate,
hairless. Lateral Div. of Cal. rounded at the
end, ciliate on margin. Meadows.
s. Ger.’—Kocu. It.

p. 4, 5.

8. victorialis. L. very narrow lanceolate,
white with somewhat silky hairs. Spike dense,
ovate. Bracts acuminate, hairy in the middle
along the back. yp. 6-8. Calc. rocks. Mont
Victoire. Gap. Carn. s. Tyr. Ven. Alps.

9. sericea. Hairs scattered. LL. lanceo-
lato-linear, acuminate, on very short stalks.
Spike ovate. Bracts oblong, acute, bearded at
top, naked at back. Div. of Cor. ovate or
lanceolate. p.5-7. Valley of Pisioin Pdm.

10. aagopus. L. lanceolate. Scape stri-
ate. Spike dense, oblong or globose. Bracts
ovato-lanceolate, covered on the back and top
with silky hairs. Div. of Cor. hairy on the
back. p. 38-5. Dry stony. 8s. France. Istria.
Italy.

11. montana. L. lanceolato-linear, acu-
minate. Scape hirsute. Bracts broadly rhom-
beo-ovate, with a thick, blunt, somewhat ex-
current midrib; smooth on back, bearded at

the summit. Spike ovate, dense. p. 7, 8.
Cale. mountaims. Pyr. Alps. Riesengebirge.
Apennines.

12. fuscescens. IL. lineari-lanceolate.
Scape woolly. Bracts obovato-semicircular,
with a thick, blunt, somewhat excurrent mid-
rib, bearded at the top. Spike not very dense,
cylindrico-oblong. p. 7,8. High pastures.
w. Alps.—JorD.

13. argentea. L. linear, hardly narrowed
downwards, silky, silvery. Scape erect, terete.
Spike nearly globose. Bracts obovate, obtuse,
silky. p. Dry fills. Pyr. Prov.

14. incana. “LL. nearly linear, length-
ened, acute, pubescent, flat, woolly at base.
Scapes incurved, pubescent, twice as long as
L. Spike cylindrical, obtuse. Bracts rounded,
somewhat acute, ciliate, rather shorter than
ovate, obtuse, nearly smooth segments of calyx.
p. Moist mountains. Pyr. Cev.”—Dvusy.

*** Plant perennial, with a woody rhizoma
above ground.

15. albicans. L. narrow lanceolate, co-

vered with long, silky hairs. Spikes lax, linear.
Bracts. rounded, obtuse, covered with short
hairs on the back, and bearded at the top with
long hairs. Nerves of Cal. with long hairs.
p. 4,5. Barren fields. s.e. Fv.

b. Tube of Corolla pubescent. Spike cylin-
drical.

(In this Division we often find a woody stem
or rhizoma, when growing on or among rocks.
In P. subulata there is always, I believe, a dis-
tinct woody stem. |

16. alpina. L. lineari-lanceolate, smooth
at base. Auricles hardly broader than L. (La-
teral Nerves nearer to margin than to midrib,
Kocu.) Spike dense, cylindrico-oblong. w.
or p. 5, 6. Mountain pastures. s. Tyr.

17. maritima. L. fleshy, linear, convex
on back, channeled, not pungent: Margins
smooth and even. Auricles more than twice
as broad as L. Scape terete, nodding before
flowering. Bracts ovate or lanceolate, mucro-
nate, as long as calyx. w.orp.7,8. Salt
marshes and on mountains.

B. recurvata. Bracts shorter than calyx.

18. serpentina. L. linear, hairless, very
narrow, not pungent. Margin ciliato-serru-
late. Bracts lineari-lanceolate, exceeding flow-
ers. Segm. of Cal. somewhat mucronulate.
w.orp. 7-9. Rocky. s. France. Anjou. Trieste.
Fiume.

19. subulata. L. lineari-subulate, 3-edged
at top, cuspidato-pungent. Margin even. Scape
round. Bracts and Cal. somewhat rough ; the
latter fringed. w.5,6. Stony and sandy.
s. Fr. s. It. Sic.

iii. Placenta with 3-4 wings, forming as
many cells.

20. Serraria. LL. lanceolate, pectinato-
serrate. Scape round. Bracts shorter than
calyx. Div. of Cor. small, ovate, acuminate.
Caps. with 2 seeds. p. 4,5. Clayey fields.
s. It. Sic.

21. Goronopus. L. laciniate or some-
what bipinnatifid. Scape round. Sracts cus-
pidate. Div. of Cor. ovate, acute. Caps. with
3 or 4 seeds. a.b.5-8. Barren. Gussone
has here four species, which, following Berto-
loni, I have placed together.

a. vera. Annual. Bracts ovate, adpressed,
pointless, shorter than calyx.

B. neglecta. b. or p. Bracts equalling
calyx, acuminate, somewhat squarrose.

PLANTAGINE. 311

y. Cupani. p. Bracts ovate, acute, half
calyx.

8. macrorhiza. w. Bracts acuminato-
aristate.

B. Plant caulescent. Seeds 2.

22. amplexicaulis. Herbaceous, hairy.
L. lanceolate, alternate. Stalks expanded at
base, amplexicaul. Bracts round, witha broad
membrane on each side. Segm. of Cor. ovate,
acute. a. b. 4, 5. Cape Spartivento.

23. arenaria. Herbaceous, pubescent. L.
linear, sessile. Spike ovoid, on a long stalk.
Bracts broad ovate; the lower with a leafy
cusp. (Front Div. of Cal. very obtuse ; others

lanceolate, acute, Kocu.) a. 6, 7. Sandy.
m. and s. Hurope.
24. Psyllium. Herbaceous. L. linear.

Spikes ovoid. All Bracts lanceolate, as long
as calyx. (Div. of Cal. lanceolate, gradually
acuminate, all alike, Kocn.) a. 5. Sandy.
s. Fr. Istria. It.

25. Cynops. Shrubby. Stem decumbent,
much branched. L. narrow linear. Spike nearly
globose. Bracts ovate, concave, acute; (the
lower with a filiform cusp. Front Div. of Cal.
ovate, obtuse, mucronate; others narrower,
with ciliate keel, Kocu.) w.4-7. Uncult.
s. Fr. It.

MONOCHLAMYDEA.

Calyx and Corolla united into a single Perianth, or one or both wanting.

LXXX. AMARANTHACEAL.

Perianth 3—5-partite, scariose, persistent.
without sheaths or stipules.

681. ACHYRANTHES.

1. argentea. L. roundish ovate, acumi-
nate, silvery beneath. Rac. spike-like. The
lower Fl. reflexed. S. 3-5. Dry cale. hills.

Sicily.
682. AMARANTHUS.
A. Stamens 3.
1. albus. Bracts firm, very acute, and

almost pungent, exceeding acute sepals and Fr.
Bunches all axillary. Stems erect, much
branched. L. retuse, bristle-pointed. a. 7, 8.
s. Fr. Nap.

2. polygonoides. “Fertile Fl. funnel-
shaped. Sepals 5, obtuse, with spreading mem-
branous margin. L. rhombeo-ovate, emargi-
nate, witha very short bristle, tapering into a
haft as long as the blade. w. Sea-shore.
Pescara.” —TEN.

3. sylvestris. Bracts membranous, fall-
ing short of the ovato-subrotund fruit. Sep.
rather acute. Fr. cireumsciss. All the Bunches

Stamens 8 or 5, inferior.

Ovary of 1 cell. L.

of Fl. axillary. Stems diffuse, ascending. a.
7, 8. Fields and waste. m. ands. Eur.

4, Blitum. Bracts membranous, falling
short of subrotundo-ovate fruit. Sep. rather
obtuse. Fr. not opening. Bunches axillary
and in a leafless, terminal spike. Stems diffuse,
ascending. a. 7,8. Waste. m. ands. Eur.

5. prostratus. Bracts membranous, fall-
ing short of oblongo-ovoid fruit. Sep. very
acute. Fr. not opening. Bunches axillary,
and in a leafless, terminal spike. Stems pros-
trate. a.7, 8. Waysides. m.and s. Fr.
adr. G. It.

B. Stamens 5.

6. retroflexus. Spike very compound:
the terminal Div. not much exceeding the
others. Bracts membranous, with a thick green
rib ending in a subulate point, exceeding fruit.
Fr. circumsciss. Stem erect. a.8,9. Waste.
m. and s. Eur. common.

7. chlorostachys. Spike compound at
base ; the middle Div. far exceeding the others..

312 682. AMARANTHUS.

Braets membranous, with green rib ending in |

a subulate point, exceeding fruit. Stem erect.
a. 8,9. Waste. It.

Willdenow.

straight.

Query of the plant of | 390. a. “ Melds. Apulia and Iapygia.”—Trn.

8. strictus. ‘“ Raceme compound, erect,
L. ovate, concave.’—WILLD. iv.

LXXXI. PHYTOLACCEA.

Perianth inferior, 4—5-partite, imbricate in the bud. Stamens inserted on its base.
with from 1 to 10 cells, each containing 1 seed.
Fruit a berry.

L. alternate, without sheath or stipule.

Ovary
Styles as many as there are cells to the ovary.

683. PHYTOLACCA.

1. decandria. Stamens 10. Styles 10. p.7, 8. Lscapes.

s. Fr. Trieste. Italy.

LXXXII. CHENOPODIEA.

Perianth 5-partite.
half superior.
or stipules.

Stamens inserted on its base. Ovary of 1 cell and 1 seed, superior, or
Fruit dry, not bursting, included in the persistent perianth. L. without sheaths

Tribe I. Embryo spiral. Flowers complete (except in Salsola oppositifolia) Gen. 684, 685.

Tribe IT. Embryo bent round albumen.

Flowers complete.

Stamens 5 . Gen. 686-689.

Tribe III. As II., but Stamens fewer than 5 . Gen. 690-693.
Tribe IV. Flowers monecious. Stamens 3-5. (Aeoning to Zh |. Mo
Tandon, the first genus, Kurotia, is diecious.) . . Gen. 694-696.
Tribe V. Flowers monecious. Stamens about 12 . : : : . Gen. 697.
TRIBE I. large, semicircular, somewhat concave. SS.
6-9. Enna, Sic. Near Calarena, Sard.
684. SALSOLA.

1. Kali. L. fleshy, round, spinescent. F'lo-
ral L. shorter, broad at the base. Cal. of Fr.
cartilaginous, with a membranous dorsal ap-
pendage. a. 6,7. Sandy shores.

a. Appendage broad, flower-like.

B. Tragus. Appendage very narrow.

2. Soda. Stem diffuse. L. semiterete, un-
armed. Cal. of Fl. membranous. Dorsal
Appendage thick, semicircular. a. 8,9. Salt.
s. Fr. Shores of Adr.

3. oppositifolia. Shrubby, smooth, erect.
All L. opposite !, semiterete, acute, unarmed.
Dorsal Appendage large, semicircular. S.
6-8. Agrigentum. Termini. Lopadusa.

4. vermiculata. Shrubby, much branched,
erect. lL. alternate, short; the lower filiform.
Floral L. ovate. Fl. in lax spikes. Appendage

685. SUADA.

1. fruticosa. Woody, ascending, smooth.
L. short, semiterete, obtuse. Styles 3. Cal.
of Fr. naked. s.S.5-7. Salt. s. Eng. s. Fr.
m. ands. It. Sic. Sard. Cors. Not in G.

2. altissima. Herbaceous, erect, smooth.
L. long, terete, somewhat rigid. FI. stalked,
rising from base of L. Stalks 3-flowered. Cal.
of Fr. subglobose. a. Italy >—Mogutn.

3. maritima. Annual, smooth. L. fleshy,
subulate, acute. Fl. in axillary, sessile clusters.
Cal. of Fr. with a dorsal scale. a. 8, 97 Sea-

> shores.

4. setigera. Annual. L. terete, somewhat
dilated at base, terminated by a straight bristle,
powdery. Fl. im axillary, sessile clusters.
Cal. of Fr. rounded, much inflated, juicy. a.
Salt marshes. Montp. Narb.

CHENOPODIEA.

TRIBE II.
686. KOCHIA.

A. Calyx of Fruit furnished with thorns or
callous points.

1. hyssopifolia. Hrect. LL. flat, lanceo-
lato-linear, villous. Fl. very hirsute, generally
in pairs. Spines of Cal. uncinato-involute.
a.5,6. Baile.

2. hirsuta. Villous. Stem much branched.
L. semiterete, obtuse. Fl. axillary, generally
in pairs. Back of Cal. of Fr. with conical,
callous points. a. 8,9. Salt marshes. mat.
Fr. Holstein. Nap. Query, if not rather a
Chenopodium, to which genus it has previously
been attached, or a Sueda. Both Bertoloni
and Koch make tt a Kochia. Its habit would
unte it with Schoberia maritima and C. seti-
gerum.

B. Calyx of Fruit with wing-like ap-

pendages.

3. Scoparia. Branches numerous, rod-
like. LL. lanceolato-linear, quite entire, ciliate.
Rae. axillary, leafy, hirsute. Fl. generally in
pairs. Appendage with 3 cuspidate lobes. a.
7-9. Ields. ‘Trieste. lower Aust. Boh. Bo-
logna. Bergamo.

4. avenaria. Hairy. L. subulato-filiform,
somewhat fleshy, channeled beneath. Fl. in
pairs or threes, very hirsute. Appendages
unequal, obtuse. Cal. of Fr. scariose. a.
eo mmoaias. s.trG. ne. Ut.

5. prostrata. Woody, pubescent. LL. li-
near, flat. Fl. solitary, the upper approximate.
Appendages short, rounded. w. 7-9. Sandy.
mdt. Fr. lower Aust. Morav. Aosta.

687. CHENOPODIUM.

A. L. tleshy, terete. Sp. 1.

B. L. flat, sometimes scaly or mealy, but
without hairs or glands.

i. L. undivided, not angular. Sp. 2-4.

ii. L. more or less toothed, divided, or
angular.

a. Seeds mostly erect. Sp. 5-9.
b. Seeds all horizontal. Sp. 10-17.

G. L. and Branches with glands supporting
hairs. Sp. 18-20.

Not well known. Sp. 21.

A. L. fleshy, terete.
1. setigerum. Much branched. L. hair.

28

313

less, terminating in a long straight seta. Fl.
clustered, axillary. a. Salt marshes. Montp.
Narbonne.

B. L. flat, without hairs or glands.
i. L. quite entire.

2. aristatum. Stem ascending or erect. L.
lanceolato-linear. Cymes dichotomous, awned!
Fl. secund. Cal. of Fr. spreading. Seeds
minute. a. 8, 9. Gardens and vineyards.
St. Giobbe, Venice.

3. polyspermum. Stems spreading. L.
rhombeo-ovate, mucronate, not mealy. Cymes
divaricate. Cal. of Fr. spreading, shining,
finely dotted. a. 7, 8. Uneult.

B. acutifolium. Erect. L. acute.

4. Vulvaria. Stem procumbent. L. rhom-
beo-ovate, mealy. Spikes leafless, crowded.
Seeds with minute dots. a. 7, 8. ich.
Smells like bad fish.

ii. L. toothed or angular.
a. Seeds mostly erect.

5. glaucum. Stem decumbent. L. oblong
or ovato-oblong, obtuse, repando-dentate, glau-
cous beneath. Spikes interrupted, nearly leaf-
less. Seeds granulate. a. 7-9. Lech moist.
Eng. rare. Fr. G. n. It.

6. Bonus-EZenricus. L. triangulari-sa-
gittate. Margin entire. Spikes terminal,
compound, leafless. p. 5-8. Lich.

7. botryoides. Decumbent. I. triangu-
lar or hastate (cuneato-ovate, Brrr.), nearly
entire, obtuse. Spikes cylindrical, thick,
spreading, leaty at base. Seeds smooth, shining,
keeled. a. 7-9. Movst sandy shores. Cornw.
Suff. Northumberland. Fiumicino. Pozzuoli.

8. rubrum. L. deltoid or nearly ovate,
attenuate, usually laciniato-dentate. Clusters
in compound spikes, generally leafy. Seeds
very minute, about =, inch in diameter,
rounded on edge. a. 7-9. Rich.

9. blitoides. “ L. lanceolate, acuminate,
cuneate and inciso-dentate at base, somewhat
fleshy. Clusters in axillary spikes, forming an
erect, leafy raceme. a. Along the walls of-
Paris.’—Dusy. Seems to differ from the
preceding only in the narrower L.

b. Seeds all horizontal.

10. wrbicum. L. deltoid, attenuate, re-
pando-dentate, shining. Clusters -in_ long,
compound spikes, generally leafless. Seeds 3,

314

inch in diameter, with minute dots, not readily
separating from the tunic. a. 8,9. Rich.

11. album. L. deltoideo-ovate, eroso-den-
tate, acute or apiculate. Upper L. lanceolato-
oblong, acute, entire. Clusters in sessile
spikes (nearly leafless, Kocn). Seeds large,
shining, smooth. a. 7-9. Rich.

B. viride, Linn. L. dentato-sinuate. Spikes
cymose, somewhat leafy.

y. lanceolatum. I. ovato-lanceolate, entire.

12. pedunculare. “LL. oblongo-lanceo-
late, nearly entire, acute; upper acuminate.
Spikes cymose, on long stalks. Seeds large,
shining, smooth. a. 6-9. Uncult, Sarzana.
Fossa. Claudia.”—Brrr. This form is per-
haps not uncommon in England.

13. opulifolium. LL. subrotundo-rhom-
boid, very obtuse, eroso-dentate; upper ellip-
tico-lanceolate. Cymes nearly leafless. (Cal. of
Fr. acutely keeled, Ber.) Seeds large, shining,
smooth. a. 6-9. Rich. m. Hur. In all
the specimens which I possess as the C. opuli-
folium of Duby, or the C. viride of Coss. and
Ger., most of the leaves terminate in a com-
plete angle, generally about a right angle, or
in an acute tooth. A few only of the lower
leaves are really obtuse. The proportion of
entire upper leaves 1s much smaller than in C.
album.

14, ficifolium. L. unequally 3-lobed, on
a wedge-shaped base; upper oblong, acute,
entire. _ Cymes nearly leafless. Seeds dotted.
a7, 8. Lich. Not in It.

15. murale. L. deltoideo-ovate, attenuate,
shining. Teeth acute. Clusters in cymose,
terminal, and axillary panicles. Seeds dull,
with a marginal keel. a. 7-9. Rich.

16. hybridum. L. not mealy, broadly
cordate, angular. Angles acuminate. Cymes
panicled. Seeds shagreened. a. 8,9. Un-
cult.

C. L. and branches covered with hairs or
glands.
17. ambrosioides. Erect. L. lanceolate,
remotely dentate. Spikes nearly simple, leafy,

axillary. Seeds minute, smooth, shining. a.
p. 6-9. Uncult. Aust. Rous. Nantes. It.
18. Botrys. Viscid, erect. Branches

straight. L. sinuato-pinnatifid. Div. angu-
loso-dentate, obtuse. Spikes naked, numerous,
in cymes. Seeds somewhat granular. a. 7—
9. Uncult. s. Fr. s. G. It. According to
Mogquin-Tandon, the Stamens in this und the

687. CHENOPODIUM.

preceding species are fixed on the receptacle ;
in the others, on the base of the calyx.

19. multifidum. Prostrate. L. pinnatifid.
Segm. linear and lanceolate, unequal. Those
of the floral L. pectinate. Fl. axillary, sessile,
solitary or clustered. p. sometimes w. 7-9.
Belgioioso near Pavia. Palermo.

Not well known.

20. sepium. ‘Stem herbaceous, erect,
somewhat angular, green, branched. L. stalked,
ovate, deeply and unequally sinuate, bright
green. Rac. simple, leafy. Fil. very long.
Stigma feathery. a. Walls and hedges.
Bohemia.”’—Moaq.

688. BETA.

1. Cicla. Root thick, fusiform. Stem erect.
Lower L. subcordate. Spikes long, interrupted ;
the terminal one much branched. Bracets li-
near, about equalling flowers. Fl. about 3 -
together. b. Summer. Olive-grounds and
uncult. Sarzana, Milan. Novara. Sic.

2. vulgaris. Root fleshy. Stem erect. Root-
L. somewhat cordate. Spikes at first dense.
Bracts lanceolate, far exceeding flowers. Fl.
3 or 4 together. a. and b. (Adriatic. Heili-
genhaven in Ger. occ., Koon.)

3. maritima. Stem decumbent. L. ovate,
cuneate at base. Spikes long, simple. Bracts
lanceolate, exceeding clusters. Fl. generally
in pairs. Segm. of Cal. quite entire on the
keel. p. Summer. Shores. Not in G.

689. CAMPHOROSMA.

1. monspeliaca. Hirsute. L. and Bracts
subulate. Clusters in axillary, nearly sessile
spikes. w. Sandy uncult. s. Fr. Vegha. It. occ.

C. glabra, LINN., supposed to grow in Switz-
erland, is at present unknown.

TRIBE III.
690. POLYCNEMUM.

1. arvense. Stem diffuse. L. rigid, subu-
late, 3-edged, mucronate. Fl. axillary, sessile.
Bracteoles hardly equalling Cal. Stamens 3.
a. 7. Dry fields. s. and m. Kur. Not in Sic.
Not at Rome.

2. majus. LL. rigid, subulate, 3-edged,
mucronate. Fl. axillary, sessile. Bracteoles
exceeding calyx. rut twice as large as im
the preceding. a.7,8. Waste. Ger. oce.

CHENOPODIE A. 315

691. CORISPERMUM.

1. Marschalii. Cal. 0. Wing of the
nearly round and smooth Nut denticulate,
excise at top, with 2 points in the hollow.
a. 7, 8. Sandy. Schwetzingen near the
Rhine.

2. intermedium. Cal. 0. Wing of the
nearly round, smooth Nut somewhat den-
ticulate. Tip entire, ending in 2 points.
“Membranous Margin of upper Bracts half as

wide as herbaceous part. a. 7, 8. Sandy
shores. Baltic.
3. hyssopifolium. Sep. 2. Nut small,

ovali-subrotund, wing entire at top, with 2
points, half as wide as herbaceous part. a.
7,8. Banks of Po. s. Fr.

B. bracteatum, Viv. With short, ovate
Bracts.

4. nitidum. Sep. 2. Wings of the smooth
somewhat oval Nuts entire at top, with 2
points. Membranous Margin of upper Bracts
as broad as the herbaceous part. a. 7, 8.
Sandy islands. Vienna.

5. squarrosum. “ Spicis squarrosis,”
Linn. “ L. lnear, with a pungent mucro.
All the Fr. im spikes. a. 8, 9. Arles and
Avignon.”—Lors. In ail the species the L.
are \-nerved and mucronate, but by no means
pungent.

692. BLITUM.

1. capitatum. Clusters axillary, and in
leafless terminal spikes. a. 6, 7. Mozst sandy
uncult. Hr. s. Sw. s. Tyr. Lugano.

2. virgatum. Clusters all axillary. a. 6,
7. Moist sandy uncult. s. G. France. n. e.
Tialy.

693. SALICORNIA.

A. Stem jointed. No L.

1. herbacea. Stem herbaceous. Spikes
stalked. Scales of Cal. 3 on each side; the
middle placed higher. Seed oval, about twice
as long as broad, hairy. Stem erect. Spikes
linear, 10-20 times their width. a. 8, 9.
Muddy shores.

B. procumbens. Stem procumbent. Spikes
oblong, 4-8 times width.

2. radicans. Woody, procumbent at base,
and rooting. Spikes nearly sessile, cylindrical,
obtuse: the middle Cal. hardly higher than
the others. Seed hardly longer than broad,

hairy. w.9. Muddy shores. s. Eng. Irel.
Fr. Sicily.

3. fruticosa. Shrubby. Spikes nearly
sessile, all oblong or cylindrical. Scales of
Cal. placed evenly, spreading in the fruit.
Cups of Joints expanding horizontally, and be-
coming flat when in fruit. Seeds tubercled ?
s.8. 8,9. Shores of Mat.

4. macrostachya. Shrubby. Spikes ses-
sile, all oblong or cylindrical. Scales of Cal.
placed evenly, erect in the fruit, and partly
covered by the still concave cup of the joint.
Seeds unequally ovoid, with tubercles im con-
centric curves. s.S. Shores. Mat.

5. eruciata. Shrubby. Spikes sessile, cru-
ciate: lower globose; upper cylindrical, with
very short, emarginate joints. s.S. 9, 10.
Shores. Sard. w. Sic.

B. Stem branched, not jointed, leafy.

6. amplexicaulis. LL. alternate, fleshy,
gibbous, broad cordate, amplexicaul. Spikes
ovoideo-oblong, sessile, axillary. a. 5, 6.
Muddy salt marshes. Tarento..w. Sic.

TRIBE IP.
694. HUROTIA.

l. ceratoides. L. lanceolate, tomentose,
hoary. Fertile Fl. woolly. S. 8, 9. Uncuwlt.
Ehrensbrunn in lower Aust. and near the city
of Retz.

695. OBIONE.

1. portulacoides. Woody. Cal. of Fr.

_ sessile, with three equal lobes, muricate on back.

L. obovato-oblong. s.S. 7,8. Clayey sea-
shores.
2. pedunculata. Herbaceous. Cal. of

Fr. on a long stalk, 2-lobed, with an interme-
diate tooth. a. 8,9. Muddy salt. e. Eng.
n. G. Abbeville. i

696. ATRIPLEX.

A. Flowers polygamous. Sepals distinct.

Sp. 1-3.
B. Flowers monecious. Sepals united below.
i. Stems with resinous stripes.
a. Calyx ovato-triangular, united only
at the base.
* Seeds (at least the larger) com-
pressed and shagreened. Sp. 4-6.

2852

316

** Seeds thick, black and polished.
Sp. 7-11.

b. Calyx rhomboid, thick and coria-
ceous. Lobes united on 2 sides. Sp.
12-14.

ii. Stem buff-coloured, without stripes.

Calyx almost horny. Sp. 15-19.

Not well known. Sp. 20-25.

None of these characters are satisfactory,
being in some degree both variable and in-
distinct ; but they are the best I was able to
fix upon, and will, I think, after a litile
practice, enable the student to name most of
the specimens he will meet with.

A. Flowers polygamous. Sepals distinct.

1. hortensis. LL. cordato - triangular,
toothed, dull, alike on both sides. Sep. of Fr.
subrotundo-ovate, quite entire. a. 7,5. Hs-
capes 10 mm. and s. Hur.

2. nitens. L. cordato-triangular, sinuato-
dentate, shining green above, silvery beneath.
Sep. of Fr. quite entire. a. 7, 8. Rubbish and
waysides. e. G. Hamb.

3. microtheca. L. pale and mealy be-
neath : lower deltoideo-hastate ; upper lanceo-
late or lineari-lanceolate. Margin entire. Cal.
of Fr. rhombeo-ovate, acute, entire. a. Ls-
capes. les Cabanes near Montp.—Moaquin.

B. Mowers monecious., Sepals united below.
i. Stem with resinous stripes.

a. Calyx ovato-triangular, the lobes united
only at base.

* Seeds, at least the larger, compressed and
shagreened.

4, calotheca. Lower L. triangulari-has-
tate, green on both sides; wpper hastato-lan-
ceolate; uppermost quite entire. Cal. of Fr.
cordato-triangular, sinuato-dentate with subu-
late, acuminate teeth and along acumen. a.
7,8. Rubbish and waste. Berlin. Pom.

5. hastata. Lower L. hastato-triangular,
with nearly horizontal lobes; uppermost lan-
ceolate, quite entire. Cal. of Fr. nearly entire.
(Spikes interrupted, nearly simple, Bas.) a.
1-9. Rubbish, Se.

6. tatarica. LL. deltoideo-oblong, with ad-
vancing lobes; upper lanceolate, very entire.
Cal. of Fr. ovato-deltoid, quite entire. Spike
of Fr. lax, nodding. a. 7, 8. Dry hills. Rhine.
Saxony.

** Seeds black and polished.
7. microsperma,

Lower L. triangulari- |

696. ATRIPLEX.

hastate, with horizontal lobes, denticulate,
often opposite; upper hastato-subulate. Lobes
of Cal. of Fr. quite entire. Clusters panicled
in dense spikes. a. 7-9. Waste. Sic. (Bath,
Bas.)

5. Geltcidea. L. often opposite, (nearly
all hastato-triangular, Bax.,) with horizontal
lobes. Clusters panicled in dense spikes. Lobes
of Cal. of Fr. dentate. a. 7-10. Cult. and

waste.

9. triangularis. “Stem and branches pros-
trate. L. opposite: lower hastato-triangular, with
horizontal lobes; middle with ascending lobes on
a wedge-shaped base ; upper small, lanceolate,
entire. Clusters in slightly branched, inter-
rupted spikes. Cal. hardly exceeding fruit, en-
tire, or slightly toothed. a. 7, 8, Sea-coast.
rare. ’—BAB., as prostrata.

10. angustifolia. Lower L. deltoid, with
advancing lobes from a wedge-shaped base. -
Cal. of Fr. with prolonged lateral angles; the
larger leaf-like and without tubercles. (Spikes
interrupted, nearly simple, Bas.) a. 7-10.
Rubbish, waste, fields.

11. erecta. Lower L. with advancing lobes,
on a wedge-shaped base; upper lanceolate, en-
tire. (Spikes branched, dense, Bas.) Cal. of
Fr. somewhat deltoid, denticulate, hardly ex-
ceeding fruit. a. 7-10. elds.

b. Calyx rhomboid, thick and coriaceous.
Lobes united on both sides.

12. Babingtonii. Stems spreading. L.
mealy: lower ovato-triangular, unequally sinu-
ato-dentate ; upper lanceolate, dentate, often
3-lobed at the base. Cal. of Fr. acute, toothed,
tubercled, undivided. Pan. dense, many-flow-
ered. Clusters few-flowered. Seeds compressed
and shagreened. a. 7—9. Sea-shore.—BaB.
The typical form of the calyx of the fruit
seems to be a square placed diagonally, with
the lateral angles rounded, sometimes slightly
depressed, and sometimes slightly prolonged.
It is more coriaceous, and has more of an an-
gle at the base, than A. hastata. It may
possibly be A. rosea vy crassifolia of Moguin.

13. litteralis. L. lineari-lanceolate, nearly
entire. Cal. of Fr. rhomboid, acute (open,
Bas.). a. 7-9. Salt marshes.

14. marina. L. oblong or ovato-lanceolate,
irregularly toothed, rarely entire. (Cal. of Fr.
obcordato-triangular, closed, Bas.) a. 7-9.
Salt marshes.

CHENOPODIE®, 31

ii. Stein buff-coloured, nearly without stripes.
Calyx of Vruit hard and thick.

15. aremaria (/aciniata of English au-
thors). Stem herbaceous, prostrate. L. rounded
or deltoideo-elliptic, sinuate. Spikes leafy. Cal.
of Fr. very broad, divided almost to the base.
a. 7-9. Sandy shores. Hung. Dunkirk. w.
Eur.—J. W.

16. rosea. Stem firm and self-supporting.
L. ovato-deltoid, sinuate or deeply toothed.
Lateral Spikes often leafy ; terminal usually
long and naked. Cal. of Fr. rhomboideo-semi-
circular. a. 8,9. Waysides. e. G.s. Fr.

17. laciniata. Stems diffuse. L. deltoid,
3-lobed, sinuate. Spikes very long and naked.
Cal. of Fr. square or rhomboideo-semicireular.
aan i-oe Ss. Hor:

18. campanulata. Stems diffuse.’ L.
ovato-deltoid or oblong, 3-lobed, on a wedge-
shaped base ; or oblong, entire. Spikes naked,
very long and slender. Cal. of Fr. campa-
nulate, ending in triangular lobes. a. 8, 9.
s. Fr.—J. W.

19. Ealimus. A Shrub! L. quite entire,
or rarely somewhat toothed at the base, del-
toideo-ovate, obtuse, mucronulate, scaly.. Cal.
of Fr. subrhombeo-reniform, entire. %%. 5, 9.
Sandy shores. s. ¥r. hardly wild.

The following I do not know how to arrange.

20. Bocconi. “Shrubby at base, tufted.
L. rather blunt, oblongo-deltoid, entire at base,
repando- or sinuato-dentate, hoary with scales
underneath, or on both sides. A few clusters in
the axils of L., the rest in dense, leafless spikes.
Cal. of Fr. deltoideo-hastate: middle lobe
lengthened ; lateral somewhat dentate. jp. or
w. Clayey maritime hills.’—Guss.

21. platysepala. ‘Smooth, green. Stem
much branched. L. entire. Lower and middle
L. somewhat hastate; upper oblongo-lanceo-
late. A few axillary clusters of Fl. below the
leafless spikes. Cal. of Fr. triangular. Lobes
entire, or acutely dentate below the middle.
a. 8-10. Open fields. Sic.” —Guss.

22. macrodira. ‘Mealy when young.
Stem firm, erect. Middle and lower L. ovato-
lanceolate, cuneate at base, dentate in the

~

middle ; upper lanceolate, entire. Clusters of
FI. loosely distributed in terminal spikes. Cal.
of Fr. somewhat deltoideo-hastate, many times
longer than the seed: the seeds and the auri-
cles acutely and unequally toothed ; the middle
prolonged and entire. a. 8-10. Grassy fields.
Sic. Lesembles A. angustifolia.”—Guss.

23. elongata. “Covered with glaucous
scales. Stem long, diffuse, much branched.
L. deltoideo-oblong ; a few of the lower hastate,
opposite; margin entire. Clusters disposed in
dense, leafless, panicled, terminal spikes. Cal.
of Fr. rhombeo-deltoid, nervoso - reticulate,
without tubercles. a. p. 9, 10. Salt marshes.
Habit of Beta Cycla.”—Guss.

24. Pornabeni. “Covered with silvery
scales. Stem nearly erect, much branched. L.
ou the younger branches obtuse, rhombeo-
ovate, angulato-dentato-crenate; the others
deltoid, somewhat acute, nearly entire. Some
of the fertile Fl. axillary, nearly solitary ; fertile
and barren in leafless spikes. Cal. of Fr.
rhomboid, with 1 or 2 obtuse teeth. a. 7-9.
Sandy shores. Sic.’—Guss. I suspect this
to be A. laciniata, to which Tenore referred tt ;
and the following to be A. rosea.

25. polysperma. “Somewhat glaucous,
scaly or powdery. Stem erect. LL. deltoideo-
ovate, unequally smuato-dentate, entire at base.
Clusters of FJ. numerous, axillary, and some-
what approximate in terminal spikes. Cal. of
Fr. rhomboid and ovate, with a narrow, irregu-
larly toothed margin, tubereled on the back.
a. 9,10. Uncultivated shores.’—Guss.

A. farinosa and A. flavescens of Dun., said
to grow on the sandy shores of Belgium, 74.
veneta of Willd., A. stcula of Ucria, are not so
described as to render it possible to identify
them. The latter is joined by Guss. to A. #7-
angularis.

TRIBE P.
697. THELYGONUM.

1. Gynocrambe.
oval, stalked. a. 6.
Fr. Italy.

Stems prostrate. LL.
Rocks and walls. wat.

318

LXXXIM. POLYGONEA.

Perianth inferior, 3- 5- or 6-parted. Stamens inserted in its base. Ovary of 1 cell and 1
seed. Styles 2 or3, Fruit not bursting. Embryo inverted. LL. alternate, with sheathing
stipules.

698. RUMEX. Whorls crowded, leafless. p. 7,8. Rich mea-
dows. Hug. Rhine. Halle.

A. Flowers complete. Sepals not reflexed. 6. obtusifolius. Sep. triangulari-oblong,
i. Sepals strongly toothed at base. Sp.1—7. | entire at top, one chiefly beaded. Apex beyond
ii. Sepals nearly entire. Sp. 8-16. the teeth, oblong or lingulate. Lower L. cor-

date ; upper lanceolate. Branches nearly erect.

B. Flowers complete. Sepals reflexed. Sp. p. 7, 8. Meadows and about villages.

17, 18.
C. Flowers monecious. Sepals united. Sp. 7. pulcher. Sep. ovato-oblong, all bead-
19. ed; one with a large bead, ciliato-dentate. Root-

_L. fiddle-shaped. Branches divaricate. Rac.
leafy. p. orb. 6. Uncult. Br. Fr. G. rare. It.
a5 Hine B. divaricutus. L. cordato-oblong, downy
ii. Flowers dicecious, none of them com- Beneath.
glee. vit js A specimen I gathered at Rome in 1832
a. Joinings distant from calyx. Sp. 21 has long, rod-like, nearly leafless racemes, and
—26. 6 or 8 long tecth on each of the Sepals. It
b. Joinings close to calyx. Sp. 27,28. | appears to be a different species, but unfortu-
nately the L. are wanting.

D. Flowers separate. Sepals free.
i. Flowers polygamo-monecious. Sp. 20.

A. Flowers mostly complete. Sepals not re- Be :
flexed. Joining of pedicel far from ii. Sepals entire or very nearly so.
flower. 8. acutus. Sep. oblong, all beaded. L.
oblong, cordate at base; upper lanceolate.
Whorls remote, leafy. p. 7,8. Banks and
uncult. In this and the following, the join-
ing ws quite at the base of the pedicel.

i. Sepals strongly dentate at base.

1. suffocatus. Almost stemless. Sep.
oblong; all beaded, dentato-ciliate. Root-L.
oblong, somewhat cordate, acute. Rac. short,
leafy at base. p.5. Salt marshes and rich 9. sanguineus. Sep. oblong; 1, at least,
shade. Sardinia. beaded. Lower L. oblong, cordate at base;

2. maritimus. Sep. somewhat triangular; middle ovato-lanceolate, acute. Whorls mostly

all beaded. Setiform Teeth as long as the Taos Bs 7, 8. HOS shade. Br. Fr. G.
apex. Whorls crowded. L. lineari-lanceolate. a. With bloody veins. occ.
p. Sm. b. Kocu and Dusy. Marshes near

10. Hydrol hum. Sep. ovato-trian-
the sea. Fr. G. Br. rare. Also in Lorraine. pecebutere dar some

gular. Beads oblong. Root-L. lanceolate, or
ovato - lanceolate, but somewhat attenuate.
all beaded. Teeth setiform, shorter than apex. Lower Stalks flat. Whorls somewhat crowded.
L. lineari-lanceolate. Whorls separate. p.or | ?* 7, 8. Stall water.
b. 7, 8. Marshes, oce. 11. maximus. Sep. triangulari-cordate,
inl. ' ll beaded. Teeth denticulate at base, all beaded. Lower L. ob-
cp LAYS (9s Ove AE gee oY long, acute, obliquely cordate at base. (Stalks
flat, with neat at h side, Kocu.)
R OCH
upper leafless. Lower L. broadly oblong, cor- cre timmy eee: :
date at base; upper lanceolate. p. 7, 8. ‘Banks | Whorls leafless. p. 7,8. Still water. G.
of the Maine at Frankfort. Has the habit of 12. Patientia. Sep. subrotundo-cordate ;
R. acutus. one only with a globose bead. Lower L. cor-
dato-lanceolate. (L:-stalks channeled, Kocu.)
Seip. fill Wapsles), Sinan Whorls crowded, leafless. p. 7, 8. Sandstone
fitls. Mutzig in Lorr. Alps of Pdm. lower
§ P
Austria.

3. palustris. Sep. ovate, prolonged, acute ;

setiform, shorter than apex. Whorls remote ;

5. pratensis.
cordate; one larger, and with larger bead;
(with a small, entire, triangular point. Teeth
triangular, acuminate, Bas.) Lower L. ob-
long, acute, cordate at base; upper lanceolate.

13. crispus. Sep. very broad, somewhat

POLYGONEA.

cordate, one or all beaded. 1. oblong, acute,
or lanceolate, undulate. p. 7,5. Meadows
and uncult.

14. aquaticus. Sep, broadly cordate, with-
out a bead. Lower L. cordato-oblong, acute,
somewhat wavy ; upper lanceolate. (Stalk with
a narrow channel, Kocu.) Whorls crowded,
leafless. p.7, 8. Moist banks. Yorkshire.
Air. G. occ. Koch says, “ extra aquam nun-
quam crescit.” The British plant 1s, I be-
heve, never found in the water.

15. domesticus. “Sep. subrotundo-cor-
date, without a bead. Root and lower L.
curled, oblong or broadiy lanceolate, on an
ovate or cordate base. Stalks flat above, with
a slender marginal line. p. 7,8. Banks of
Elbe near Hamburg.’—Kocu.

16. alpinus. Sep. triangulari-cordate,
membranous, nearly without bead. Root-L.
subrotundo-cordate. Stalks channeled. Whorls
crowded, generally leafless, pedicels long. (F.
polygamous, monccious, BERT.) p. eySs
Mountains, chiefly by stations for the cattle.
Scotl. Alps. Pyr. Aust. Apenn.

B. Flowers complete. Sepals reflexed.

17. tingitanus. Sep. broadly cordate,
quite entire. 1. hastate, ovate, acute, stalked.
Whorls distant, few-flowered. p. 6. Sea-
shore. Ayles to Narbonne.

18. bucephalophorus. Sep. triangulari-
oblong, with setaceous teeth ; all beaded. LL.
ovate, quite entire. Whorls about 3-flowered.

Stalks dilated above the jommg. a. 3, 4.
Barren. mat. Fr. w. It.
G. Flowers separate, monecious. Sepals

united.

19. spinosus. Somewhat dichotomous.
Div. of Cal. tipped with a recurved spine.
Barren Fl. unarmed, in upper part of same
cluster. L. somewhat cordate. a. 1-4. Salt
marshes. Barletta. Reggio. Sic. Sard.

D. Flowers separate. Sepals free, reflexed
in fruit.
i. Flowers polygamous, monecious.

20. seutatus. Sep. broadly cordate, mem-
branous, quite entire. No Bead. L. hastate,
ovate, or somewhat fiddle-shaped. p. 5-7.
Stony hills. wm. ands. Kur.

B. etnensis. FF). complete, rough with

hairs. Autna.

ile
| op. 75-8.

319

ii. Lowers diecious ; no complete flowers.
a. Joinings distant from Calyx.

21. amplexicaulis. Sep. broadly cordate,
somewhat beaded. Lower L. cordate, stalked,
with obtuse ears parallel to midrib; upper
somewhat acute, amplexicaul. Whorls crowded,
few-flowered, leafless. p. High. Pyr. Cantal.

22. nivalis. Sep. of Fr. subrotundo-cor-
date, quite entire, with a deflexed callus at the
base. Outer L. subrotundo-cordate; inner
ovate, oblong, or hastate. Stem nearly simple,
leafless or with 1 or 2. L. p. 7, 8. Very high
gravel. Alps of Sw. Bav. Carn.—Kocu.

23. Acetosa. Sep. broadly cordate. Beads
small or wanting. L. sagittate or hastate.
Ears acute. Upper L. oblong. p. Meadows
and pastures. WK. Acetosa of Bert. R. his-
panicus of Koch is a garden plant.

24. montanus. Sep. broadly cordate,
quite entire, with a small round bead. L. has-
tate: lower ovate, obtuse; upper triangular,
acuminate. ars acute. p.7, 8. Mountain
meadows. Pyr. Auv. Alps. G. Apenn.

25. imtermedius. Sepals subreniform,
beaded. L. oblong or linear: lower sagittate ;
upper hastate. Rac. compact. p. 4, 5. Clayey
fills. Palermo. Cors. s. Fr.

26. tuberosus. Small, ovate tubers on
the fibres of Root. Sep. cordato-orbicular, with
small, oblong beads. L. hastate, lanceolate.
p. 5. Meadows. Nice. Verona.

b. Joimings close to calyx.

27. Acetosella. Sep. subrotundo-cordate,
membranous, quite entire, without bead or
scale. IL. hastate, lanceolate or linear. ars
entire. p. 6,7. Sand or gravel.

28. multifidus. Sep. very thin, papillose.
L. hastato-lanceolate, 1-nerved. Ears palmate.
a. b. 5, 6. Vallombrosa. Vesuvius. Messina.
Aitna.

699. OXYRIA.

reniformis. IL. remiform. Sepals 4.

High mountarns.

700. POLYGONUM.

A. Root fleshy. Stem simple, with a single,
spike-like, terminal raceme. Sp. 1, 2.

B. Root fibrous. Stem branched. Stipules
cylindrical, undivided. Flowers in spike-
like racemes.

320 700. POLYGONUM.

i, Stamens 5. Sp. 3.

ii. Stamens 6.

a. Styles distinct. Sp. 4-6.

b. Styles united below. Sp. 7-11.
iii. Stamens 8. Flowers panicled. Sp. 12.

©. Hi. axillary. Stem branched, diffuse.
Ochreas or Stipules 2-lobed.

i. Annual, herbaceous. Sp. 138-15.

ii. Perennial, somewhat woody. Sp.
16-21.
D. Stem twining! L. cordato-sagittate. Sp.

22, 23.
=. Stem not twining. LL. cordato-sagittate.

Cotyledons contorto-conduplicate. Sp. 24,

25.

A. Root fleshy. Stem simple, with a single,

spike-hke, terminal raceme. Styles 3.

1. Bistorta. L. (ovate, Su.) (oblong,
Bert.) (ovato-lanceolate, DusBy) (somewhat
cordate, KocH) wavy, attenuate. p. 6, 7.
Moist meadows. oce.

2. viviparum. L. lanceolate. Margin
revolute, with copious prominent veins. p.
6-8. Mountain pastures. Not common.

B. Root fibrous. Stem branched, bearing
many spike-like racemes. Styles usually 2.
Stipules (or Ochreas) sheathing, undiwided.

i. Stamens 5.
3. amphibium. Styles united half-way.

Rae. oval. Stem rooting at base. IL. ovato-

lanceolate. p. 6-8. Water or wet places.

ii. Stamens 6.
a. Styles distinct.

4. lapathifolium. Rac. oblong, on glan-
dular stalks. Seeds hardly covered by calyx.
Stem erect, swelling at knots. L. oblongo-
lanceolate. Lower Stipules not fringed. a.
7-9. Rich morst.

B. incanum. 1. hoary beneath.

5. laxum. Rac. slender, on glandular
stalks. Seed completely covered by calyx.
Stem often prostrate. I. lanceolate, wavy.
Stipules with a short frmge. a. 7-9. Damp
gravelly.—BaB.

6. tenuiflorum. “ Rac. filiform, on glan-
dular stalks, nodding. Stem ascending. L,
lanceolate, with glandular dots beneath. Sti-
pules sometimes with a short fringe. Seeds
pitted. a. 7-10. Moist.
Guss.

Abr. Palermo.’— |

b. Styles united below.

7. Persicaria. Raceme oblong. Stalks
smooth. Stems ascending, swelling at the
knots. L. lanceolate. Stipules hairy, with
a short frmge. a. 7-9. Wet.

8. serrulatum. “Styles nearly distinct.
Rae. filiform, on smooth stalks. Cal. without
glands. Stem ascending. L. lanceolato-linear,
broad at base, serrulato-ciliate, minutely granu-
late beneath. Stipules with a long fringe.
a. 6-9. Wet. Sarzana, Pal.”’—Burrt.

9. minus. Stamens 6 (5, Kocu). Race.
filiform, nearly erect. Stalk smooth. Cal.
without glands. Stem decumbent. L. lineari-
lanceolate, flat. Stipules with adpressed hairs
and a copious fringe. a. 8,9. Moist, oce.

10. mite. Rac. filiform, lax. Stalks smooth.
Cal. without glands. Stem ascending. L.

lanceolate. Stipules with scattered hairs and
a long fringe. a. 7-10. Wet. occ. Taste
not pungent.

ll. Efydropiper. Rac. filiform, nodding.
Stalks smooth. Cal. covered with glandular
dots. Stem erect. LL. lanceolate, wavy, ciliate.
Stipules with a few adpressed hairs anda short
fringe. a. 8,9. Wet.

ili. Stamens 8.

12. alpinum. Erect. FI. in a terminal
panicle. lL. lanceolate, wavy, ciliate, downy
beneath. Ochreas hairy, very short. p. 7, 8.
Rich mountain meadows. Val. Urseren. Uri.
Vall. it. Alps. Monte Orsano in Apenn.

C. Flowers aaillary. Stamens 8. Styles 3.
Ochreas 2-lobed.
i. Annual, herbaceous.

13. aviculare. L. elliptic or lanceolate.
Stipules about 6-nerved. Branches leafy to the
end. Seeds ruguloso-striolate, shorter than
calyx. a. 7-10. Melds and uncult.

14. Bellardi. L. elliptical; upper lan-
ceolate. Ends of Bracts leafless. Stipules
about 6-nerved. Seeds ruguloso-striolate. Pro-
bably P. pulchellum of Lois. a. 6, 7. Fields.
Trieste. Fr.

15. Raii. L. elliptico-lanceolate. Branches
leafy to end. Stipules about 6-nerved. Seeds
exceeding calyx. a.? 8, 9. Sandy shores.
w. ands. Eng. w. Fr.

ii. Perennial, somewhat woody.

16. maritimum. Prostrate. L. coria-

ccous, elliptic or lanceolate, glaucous. Ochreas

POLYGONEA, 3

large, many-nerved (12 or more). Lower L.
twice as long as interknot. Branches leafy to
the end. Seeds quite smooth. w. 5, 6. Sandy
shores. 8s, Eng. very rare. Fr. It.

17. flagellare. Smooth. Stem prostrate.
L. lineari-lanceolate, acuminate, spreading, hav-
ing close, straight nerves ; lower hardly as long
as interknot. Ochreas many-nerved (few-
nerved, Brrt.). Lobes acuminate. Seeds
finely granulate. w.6-9. Rome. K. Naples.
P. flagellare of Lows. seems to be the same as his
arenaria. Jt 2s perhaps a distinct species.

18. equisetiforme. Hrect. Branches rod-
like, nearly leafless. Stipules with many nerves
and many teeth. Rac. long, lax. w. 7-9.
Gravelly beds of torrents. Sard. Cors.

19. elegans. Erect. Branches forming
a spreading panicle. LL. lanceolate, rough.
Stipules many-nerved. Div. acuminato-seta-
ceous, Rac. Jax, leafless. Fl. usually in pairs.
—Bert. w.6. Martina and Ginosa in Lapy-
gia. Basilicata.

20. herniarioides. Whole Plant sca-
brous, Stem prostrate. L. obovato-lanceolate.

fields.

9

21

Ochreas with few nerves (about 5).
setaceous at top.
7-9. Sicily.

21. controversum. Smooth. Stem pros-
trate. L. oblongo-lanceolate, straight: lower
obtuse ; upper acute. Stipules fringed. Nerves
few. Rac. long, terminal. w. 6-10, Palermo.

Fringe
Seeds quite smooth. w.

D. L. cordato-sagittate. Stem twining !
Cotyledons flat.

22. Convolvulus. Segm. of Cal. keeled.
Stem angular. a. 6,7. IMelds and hedges.

23. dumetorum. Segm. of Cal. with a
winged keel. Stem slightly striate. a. 7, 8.
Hedges and thickets. m. Eur. rare in Eng.

E. Z. sugittato-cordate. Stem erect.
ledons contorted.

24, Fagopyrum. Axillary Rac. simple ;
terminal corymbose. Edges of Seed quite
entire. a. 7,8. Escapes.

25. tataricum. Axillary Rac. simple ;
terminal disposed in leafless, interrupted spikes.
Edges of Seed repando-dentate. a. 7, 8. Sandy
Become a weed in Han. and Westph.

Coty-

LXXXIV. THYMELEA.

Perianth inferior, tubular, 4- or 5-cleft. Anthers inserted at the mouth or in the tube,
twice as many as the divisions of the perianth, opening by two longitudinal clefts. Ovary of one

cell and one seed. Fruit a Nut or Drupe.

701. STELLERA.

1. Passerina. I. linear. FI. 4-cleft, sessile,
axillary. Bracts twice as long as fruit. a.
6,7. elds. m. ands. Eur.

2. pubescens. “L. linear, downy. Fl. so-
litary or in pairs, approximate in spikes. Fr.
(at least the upper) twice as long as bract. a.
8-10. Clayey fields. Sic.’—Guss.

702. PASSERINA.

i. dioica. Fi. axillary, in pairs, tubular.
Segm. lanceolate. Bracts 0. L. lineari-lan-
ceolate, acute, crowded, dotted beneath. s.S.
Pyrenees.

2. nivalis. Fl. axillary, solitary, tubular.
Segm. ovate, furnished with bracts. Stem
prostrate, twisted. L. shining, lineari-lanceo-
late, obtuse. s.S. Very high. Pyr.

3. Thymelea. Fl. axillary : lower solitary ;
upper clustered. Tube of Perianth very long,
segments linear. Branches simple. L. ovato-
lanceolate, acute, glaucous. s.S. 5. Rocky
hilis. mdt. Fr.

4, hirsuta. Fi. axillary, clustered. Cor.
somewhat campanulate. Segm. ovate. L.
ovate, fleshy, woolly on inside, smooth without.
s.S. 10-5. Coasts. mdt. Fr. w. It. Sic.

703. DAPHNE.
A. Flowers in axillary clusters or racemes.

1. Mezereum. ['l. axillary, sessile, in
small clusters, opening before the L.! L. lan-
ceolate, attenuate, deciduous. S. 38, 4. Shady
hills. s. Eng. rare. G. Fr. It.

2. Tartonraira. Fl. in axillary spikes or
clusters. L. obovate, coriaceous, many-nerved :
these and Branches silky. Cor. hairy: seg-
ments ovate. s.S. 4,5. Roeky. mdt. Fr. It.

322 703. DAPHNE.

3. Fommasii. Stems erect, branched. L.
coriaceous, lineari-lanceolate, somewhat spatu-
late, rather acute, quite smooth. FI. axillary,
2 or 3 together, bracteate, sessile. Cor. hairy,
tubular. Segm. ovate. S.s. Cors.—Dupy.

T place this in Daphne because Bert. con-

siders it a var. of Taxrtonraira: and the Fruit
of this is fleshy.

4. Gaaureola. Fl. in simple, axillary, droop-
ing racemes. L. large, obovato-lanceolate,
evergreen. sS.S. 8, 4. Woods and hills.
occasionally.

B. Howers in terminal clusters. (The branch
sometimes grows beyond them, and they
become at last more or less lateral.)

5. alpina. Segm. of Cor. lanceolate, acu-
minate. Drupe oblong. Branches spreading.
L. thin, obovato-lanceolate. s.S. 4, 5. Moun-
tain rocks. Pyr. Cev. Alps. Apenn.

6. glandulosa. Segm. of Cor. lanceolato-
linear, acuminate. Upper part of erect Stem
much branched. LL. coriaceous, oblongo-obo-
vate, granulato-glandular beneath. s.S. 5—7.
Calc. mountains. it. Tyr. Apenn. Cors. Not
in Koch.

7. collina. Cor. hairy, externally pink.
Div. ovate, obtuse. Stem branched at top.
L. obovato-lanceolate, smooth and shining

above, hoary beneath. S. 3, 4, and some-
times in Autumn. Valley of Isonzo. Tuscany.
Rome. K. Nap. D. collina of Hnghsh gar-
dens, said to come from Greece, is not the
Italian plant; yet Sibthorp, the original
authority, found his plant in Italy.

8. blagayana. Cor. yellow, hairy exter-
nally. Segm. ovate. Li. oblongo-obovate,
smooth on both sides. Div. of Cor. equalling
one-third of tube. s.S.5. Mountain woods
on the St. Lorenziburg in Carn., and the Gos-
tinger Berg near Gratz.

9. Cneorum. Cor. hairy, przk. Tube
cylindrical, nerved. Div. elliptic, equalling
two-thirds of tube. Bracts very short, trun-
cate. Stems tufted, decumbent. lL. lneari-
cuneate, with short mucro, hairless. s.S. 5-8.
Dry mountain pastures. 8. Sw. Tyr. Pyr.
Apenn. Cev. Jura and on the sands. s. w. Fr.

10. striata. Cor. smooth, pink. Div. el-
liptic, equalling {wo-thirds of tube. Bracts
ovate, pointed, reaching to one third of tube.
L. lineari-cuneate, with short mucro, hairless.
s.S. 7,8. Rocky mountains. Alps.—Kocu.

C. Flowers in a terminal panicle.
11. Gnidium. Stem erect, branched. L.

lanceolato-linear, alternate, mucronate, smooth.
s.S. Summer. Dry. s. Fr. It.

LXXXV. LAURINEA.

Perianth inferior, 4—6-parted.

Stamens 6 or 12, inserted at the base of the segments.

Anthers adnate to filaments, with 2 cells, opening by a valve from the base to the summit.

Ovary a Drupe, or Berry, with one séed.

704. LAURUS.

1. nobilis. L. oblongo-lanceolate, veiny,

evergreen. Fl. 4-fid, (dicecious, DuBy,) in
axillary clusters. 1S. 4,5. s. Alps. Aus-
trian shore. -

LXXXVI. SANTALACEA,

Perianth superior, 3-5-cleft. Stamens 4 or 5, inserted on the base of the segments. Ovary
of one cell and 2 or 4 seeds, pendulous from near the base of a central placenta.

705. THESIUM.

A. With 3 bracts to each flower. Flowers
extending to the ends of the branches.

1. Calyx of Fruit rolled in to the base, not —

half as long as fruit.
1. intermedium. Root creeping. Stems

ascending. Pan. pyramidal. Branches spread-
ing. L. lineari-lanceolate, acute, “3-nerved.
p. 6-8. Hill meadows. G.e. Fr.

2. montanum. Root descending. Stems
several, erect. Pan. pyramidal. Branches
spreading. L. lineari-lanceolate, finely acute,

SANTALACEAS, 328

3-5-nerved. p. 7, 8. Hill meadows and
woods. G.

3. divaricatum. Root descending. Stems
several, ascending. Pan. pyramidal. Branches
spreading. IL. linear, acute, mostly 1-nerved.
Bracts somewhat asper on margin. Apophysis
longer than half the drupe. p. 7,8. Rough
mountains. ‘Trieste and Fiume.

4. linophyllum. Root descending. Stems
many, prostrate. Fl. in racemes. Stalks as
long as flowers. Margin of Bracts denticu-
late, asper. Apophysis shorter than half
drupe, sometimes fleshy. Bracts of upper Fl.
shorter than fruit. p. 6-8. Cale. pastures.
Eng. Fr. Vienna. Zhis is T. humitusum of
Koch and of the French botanists; but tt is
the T. lnophyllum of Eng. Bot., and no other
species seems to have a better claim to the
name. The degree im which the calyx ws
rolled im varies considerably.

5. ramosum. Like Sp. 4, except that the
L. are somewhat 3-nerved, and the middle

bract always exceeds the fruit. p. 6,7. Dry
hill pastures. Vienna. Sty.
6. humile. Root descending. Stems se-

veral, ascending. Fl. in racemes, nearly ses-
sile. Margm of Bracts denticulato -asper.
Apophysis shorter than half drupe. p. or b.
6,7. Fallow. lower Aust. It. ;

ii. Calyx of Fruit rolled in only at top ;

remaining about as long as fruit.

7. pratense. Root fusiform. Stems many.
Fruit-branches horizontal. I'v. subglobose,
not longer than the stalk. p. 6, 7. Hill
meadows. G.

8. tenuifolium. Root fusiform. Stems
many. Tr.-stalks ascending in all directions.
L. long linear. Fr. globose—Kocu. p. 6, 7.
Stony pastures. Banks of Steyer in lower
Austria.

9. alpinum. Root fusiform. Stems many.
Fr.-stalks nearly erect, secund. Fr. subglo-
bose, longer than stalk. p. 6, 7. Heaths
and pastures. Hr. G. It. Sw.

B. Bracts single: upper enlarged, sterile.

10. ebracteatum. Root creeping. Rac.
simple. Fr. ovoid, coriaceous, stalked. op. 6,
7. Grassy hills. n. G.

ll. rostratum. Root premorse. Stems
many. Rac. simple. Drupe sessile, subglo-
bose. p. 6,.7. m. and e. Alps.

706. OSYRIS.

1. alba. L. sessile, alternate, lineari-lan-
ceolate, quite entire. w.4,5. Rocks and
barren. s. Fr. Trieste. It.

LXXXVII. ELHAGNEA.

Perianth inferior, .2—4-cleft. Stamens inserted in the throat, as many, or twice as many,

as the segments of the perianth. Anthers of 2

cells, bursting by two longitudinal clefts. Fruit

drupe-like, composed of a Nut imbedded in the fleshy, persistent calyx.

707. ELAAGNUS.

1. angustifolia. LL. lanceolate, acute,
quite entire, with silvery scales ou both sides.
FL. axillary, stalked. S. 5, 6. Warm barren
halls. Osero. Provence.

708. HIPPOPHAE.

1. rhamnoides. L. lanceolate. SS. 4, 5.
Sandy shores, e. Hug. and beds of torrents,
s. Fr. G. It.

LXXXVITI. BALANOPHORE.

Flowers separate.
coriaceous. No Leaves.

709. CYNOMORIUM.

1. coccineum. Stem scaly. Amentum cy-

Barren. Perianth superior.
1-4. Fertile. Germen of 1, or of 2 unequal cells.

Stamens
Fruit

Divisions as many as stamens.
Ovulum solitary, pendulous.

lindrical. Scales ovate, retuse. p.? 4, 5.
Sandy shores. Isl. of Ronciglio at Trapani.
Lampedusa.. Parasitic, Fungus-like.

272

324

LXXXIX. CYTINEA.

Flowers separate.

Perianth superior, 4—5-parted.
central column. Ovary of one cell, with many seeds, on parietal placentas.

Stamens 8 or more, growing on a
No Leaves.

710. CYTINUS.

1. Hypocistis. p. 5.

s. Fr. It.

Parasite on roots of Cisti.

XC. ARISTOLOCHIA.

Flowers complete. Perianth superior, 3-cleft or obliquely truncate. Stamens 6-12, inserted

on the top of the ovary, sometimes connate with style and stigma.

numerous seeds, on central placentas.

711. ARISTOLOCHIA.

A. Flowers solitary.

1. altissima. Stem shrubby, climbing!
L. perennial, quite smooth, cordato-oblong.
Lip of Cor. short, retuse. w. 5,6. Hedges.
e. Sicily.

2. rotunda. Root nearly globose. Stem
nearly simple, herbaceous, erect. L, some-
what triangulari-cordate, on very short stalks.
Lip of Cor. emarginate. Caps. globose. p.
4,5. Dry bushy. s, Fr. Trieste. It.

3. pallida. Root nearly globose. Stem
simple, somewhat erect. lL. triangulari-cor-
date, on stalks which exceed flower-stalks.
Lip of Cor. acute. Fr. oval, attenuate. p.
3,4. Bushy. inner Carn. Trieste. It.

4, longa. Root long, simple, cylindrical.

Ovary 3-6-celled, with

Stem branched, herbaceous. L. cordate, quite
entire, stalked. Lip of Cor. somewhat acute.
Caps. oval, attenuate. p..5. Melds, vine-
yards. s. Fr, Sic.

5. Pistolochia. Roots bundled. Stems
numerous, branched, decumbent. LL. cordate,
crenate, rough, on short stalks. p. 5-9. Bar-
ren stony. rodt. Fr.

B. Howers clustered.

6. Clematitis. Root creeping. Stem sim-
ple, erect. L. cordate, stalked, smooth. p.
5, 6. Borders, vineyards. Ung. very rare.
m. and s. Kurope.

712. ASARUM.

1. europzum. [. reniform. p. 3, +.
Shade. Eng. very rare. m. and s. Hur.
occasionally.

XCIl. EMPETREZ.

Flowers separate, inferior.
sepals, inserted on receptacle.
as many rays as cells to ovary.

713. EMPETRUM.

1. nigrum. L. linear-obtuse; their mar-

Petals 3, alternating with sepals.
Ovary on a fleshy disc, 3-6-celled. Cells 1-seeded. Stigma with

Stamens 3, free, opposite to

gins meeting in a white line beneath. Berries
black. s.S. 5. Mountain heaths. Not in floras
of Rome or Naples.

XCII. EUPHORBIACEA.

Flowers separate (ut iz Euphorbia the darren flowers are placed round the single fertile
flower, so as to give some appearance of a single complete flower). Perianth inferior, sometimes

wanting.
714. CROTON.

1. tinctorum. L. ovato-rhomboid, re-
pand, entire at base, hoary on both sides. Fer-
tile Fl. on stalks, generally forked, at the base
of barren spikes. Caps. squamato-pubescent,
drooping. a 7, 8. Coasts of Mdt. 1.
yellow.

715. RICINUS.

i

1. communis. L. peltato-palmate. Segm.
lanceolate, serrate. Stigmas 3, forked. Caps.
prickly. S.5, 6. Rech mowst thickets on the
coast. Sic.

2. africanus. L. peltato-palmate. Lobes
lanceolate, dentato-serrate. Stigmas 6. Caps.
prickly. S. 4-6. Bushes on coast. Messina.
—Guss.

716. BUXUS.

1. sempervirens. L. ovate. Stalks hairy
on the margin. Anthers ovato-sagittate. S.
4,5. Dry cate. ills. Eng. rare. m. and s.
Europe.

717. ANDRACHNE.

1. telephoides. Stems procumbent. L.
stalked, ovate, shortly acuminate, smooth. a.
5, 6. Open barren. Isl. of Brioni.

718. EUPHORBIA.

The habit of the species of Huphorbia often
depends a good deal on the number of the L. ;
but individuals vary considerably in this respect,
and vary so gradually, that we cannot make all
the use of this character which might have been
expected. I have, however, noticed this in
many instances; calling the L. scattered, when
those on the middle of the flowering-stem are
usually more than one-third of the length of
the L. apart; approximate, when from: one-
third to one-eighth; and crowded, when this
space is less than one-eighth of the L. In the
lower part of the stem the L. are usually shorter
than the others; in the upper part the spaces
are longer. Where there are barren shoots,
the L. upon them are always closer together.
The L. in the alternate-leaved Euphorbias are
generally unequally spaced, which adds to the

Ovary usually 3-celled, with one or two suspended seeds in each cell.

difficulty of resting on this character. In the
annual species the L. often fall off while the
plant is in flower. In others, only the lower
L. fall off.

A. L. with stipules, opposite. Flowers axil-
lary. Sp. 1-4.

B. L. without Stipules, alternate. Flowers
inasort of umbel. Bracts separate. Glands
entire.

i. Seeds reticulate or pitted. Sp. 5, 6.
ii. Seeds rough with raised points. Sp. 7, 8.
iii. Seeds smooth. Capsule sessile. Sp. 9.
iv. Seeds smooth. Capsule stalked.
a. Capsule warty.
* Rays of Umbel 3-6.
+ Warts not filamentous.
+ Root annual. Sp. 10-12.

++ Root perennial. Plant herba-
ceous. Sp. 13-20.
+4 Plant shrubby. Sp. 21, 22.
+t Warts filamentous. Sp. 23-25.
** Rays more than 6. Sp. 26.
b. Capsule without warts. Sp. 27-30.
©. Bracts united. Glands various. Other-.
wise as B. Sp. 31-36.
D. Glands horned. Otherwise as B.
i. Seeds smooth.

a. Capsule with raised points on the

back.
* Rays more than 5. Sp. 37-43.
** Rays 8-5. Sp. 44-47.

b. Capsule quite smooth. Sp. 48-54.
ii. Seeds not smooth.
a. Capsule not smooth. Sp. 55-62.
b. Capsule smooth.
* Plants annual. Sp. 63-66. __
** Plants shrubby. Sp. 67, 68.
IE. L. opposite, without Stipules. Sp. 69.
A. L. with Stipules! Plant annual. Sten
forked. L. opposite. Capsule smooth.

1. Preslii. Seeds wrinkled. FI. clustered,
terminal. Stem nearly erect. LL. oblong. a.
6-8. Cult. Palermo, Termini, Sic.

|

326

-2. maculata. fF. axillary, solitary. L.
obcordate-oblong. a. 8,9. elds, Verona.
Bert. joins this to Presli, wnder the name of
trinervis.

3. Chameesyce. Seeds wrinkled. Fi.
axillary, solitary. Stem prostrate. L. ob-
liquely subrotund. a. 6-8. Dry coasts of Mdt.

B. canescens. Hairy. L. crenate.
y. massiliensis. Hairy. L. with acute ser-

ratures.
5. perforata. 1. with pellucid dots.
4, Peplis. Seeds smooth. Fl. axillary,

solitary. Stems prostrate. L.semicordate. a.
6-9. Warm sandy shores.

B. Bracts separate. Glands entire. Flowers
in a sort of umbel.

i. Seeds pitted or reticulate.

5. ptericocca. Umbel of 3-5 rays, dicho-
tomous. Caps. with 6 wings. a. 4,5. Melds.
Ajaccio. Sic.

6. helioscopia. Umbel of 5 rays, trifid,
forked; no accessory rays. Caps. smooth, ob-
tusely 3-edged, stalked. Bracts-and L. obovate,
serrate. L. scattered, caducous. a. 6-8. Cult.

ii. Seeds somewhat rough with raised points.

7. pilosa. Umbel of 5 rays, trifid, forked.
Caps. shagreened and villous. Bracts ovato-
rhombic, oblique. L. lineari-oblong, some-
what cordate at base, serrulate, villous, ap-
proximate. p. 5-7. Moist. Sic. Coasts of
-mdt. France.

B. paniculata, Lois. L. nearly smooth.

8. denudata. Umbel of 5 rays, trifid,
forked. Caps. with a few small, hemispherical
warts. Bracts elliptic, obtuse. L. lanceolate,
somewhat narrowed at base, serrulate. a. 6.
Apulia.—BeErt.

ili. Seeds smooth. Capsule sessile.

9. akenocarpa. Rays 5, forked; no ac-
cessory rays. Bracts ovate, serrulate. L. ob-
ovate, serrate. Caps. somewhat muricate or
smooth. a. 4,5. Moist clayey fields. Sic.
Calabria.—Guss.

iv. Seeds smooth. Capsule stalked.
a. Capsule warty.
* Umbel with 3-6 rays.
+ Warts not filamentous.
+ Root annual.

10. platyphylla. Warts nearly hemisphe-
rical. Rays 3-5, trifid, cloven. Accessory FI.-

718. EUPHORBIA.

stalks numerous. Bracts triangulari - ovate,
mucronate, serrulate. L. obversely lanceolate,
somewhat cordate at base, serrate, approximate.
a. 6-9. Shady.—Kocu.

11. stricta. Warts shortly cylindrical.
Rays 8-5, trifid, cloven. Bracts somewhat
triangulari-ovate, mucronate, serrulate. L. ob-
versely lanceolate, serrate, approximate. a.
6,7. Melds—Kocu.

12. squamigera. Rays 5, trifid, forked.
Warts scale-like. Bracts subrotund. L. ovato-
lanceolate, acuminate, serrulate, scattered. a. 5.
Moist. ‘Toulon.—Lots.

+t Root perennial.

13. pyrenaica. Rays 1-3, undivided. Warts
scattered, obtuse, very unequal. Bracts elliptic,
obtuse. L. oval, the lower attenuate. Root
horizontal, bearing at top several stems. p. 7.
Cale. mountains. Valley of Aspe, lower Pyr.
—JORD. :

14. dulcis. Warts unequal, obtuse. Rays
5, forked. Bracts triangulari-ovate, serrulate.
Floral L. lanceolate. L. lanceolato-oblong, ob-
tuse, on short hafts, somewhat approximate.
Root horizontal. p. 4,5. Shade. s, and m.
Europe.

B. purpurata. Caps. without hairs. i.
dulcis of Bert. as H. verrucosa.

15. angulata. Rays 5, erect, simply
forked. Warts of Fr. nearly hemispherical.
Bracts somewhat triangulari-ovate, serrulate.
Floral L. ovate. ‘L. oblong, upper part serru-
late ; upper sessile, scattered. Root horizontal.
p. 5,6. Woody hills. Aust. Mor.

16. carniolica. Rays 5, nodding, simply
forked. Warts nearly hemispherical. Bracts
all rounded at base, somewhat stalked, as well
as upper L. .L. obtuse, quite entire. Root hori-
zontal. p.4,5. Warm open hills. Carn.
s. Tyrol.

17. Apios. “ Rays about 5, forked. Warts
obtuse. Bracts rhomboid, finely serrulate, as
well as the oblong L. Root tuberous, cervicu-
late. p.5. Clay. Lucania.’—BrErv.

18. hiberna. ‘Rays’6, twice forked. Ac-
cessory Rays numerous. Glands reniform.
Caps. always erect. ‘Warts cylindrical, obtuse.
Bracts ovate. L. ovato-oblong, obtuse, ap-
proximate. p. 6. Dhickets. ‘Ivel. Cors. Auv.
Pyrenees.

19. verrucosa. Rays 5, erect, trifid,

' forked. No Accessory Rays. Warts short, cy-

EUPHORBIACE. 327

lindrical. Bracts elliptic, obtuse, somewhat
stalked. Li. oblongo-ovate, serrulate, nearly
sessile, scattered. Stems many. p. 5,6. Way-
sides and hedges. s.G. Fr. Sw. It.

B. flavicoma. Floral L. and Bracts yellowish.

20. orientalis. Rays 5, trifid, forked.
Accessory Rays numerous. Warts branched.
Bracts ovato-subrotund. LL. lanceolate, quite
entire, smooth, glaucescent. p. 6-8. Thickets,
S§c., at foot of mountains. Sic. Apul. Cal.

£4 Plant shrubby.

21. spinosa. Much branched from base.
Old Branches spinescent. Bracts ovate. Rays
2-5, generally undivided. No Accessory Rays.
L. approximate. w. 6,7. Stony. Prov. It.

22. fruticosa. Hrect. Branches not spi-
nescent. Bracts obovate. Rays 5, trifid, cloven:
w. 3,4. Cale. hills. Sie.

TT Warts filamentous.

28. fragifera. Rays 5, simply forked.
Bracts ovato-subrotund. IL. oblong or lan-
ceolate, sessile, scattered. Stems many. p.
4,5. Rough hills. Carn. Austrian shore.

24, epithymoides. Rays 5, erect, trifid,
forked. No Accessory Rays. Bracts elliptic,

obtuse, somewhat stalked. Li. oblong, sessile, °

scattered. Stems many. p. 5, 6.
woody hills. s. G.

25. micrantha. (Warts filament-like,
Kocu.) “Rays 3, forked. Caps. with three
deep furrows. Bracts cordate. Seed with a
sharp ending, and without any dorsal line. a. ?
7,8. Dry. Sw. Heidelberg.”—Rcus.

Rough

** Rays more than 6.

26. palustris. Rays many, trifid, forked.
Warts shortly cylindrical. Bracts elliptic, ob-
tuse, attenuate at base. L. lanceolate, hairless,
sessile. p. 5,6. Moist meadows and banks.
Germany.

b. Capsule without warts, but sometimes
with minute raised points.

27. procera. Rays 5 or 6, trifid, forked.
Caps. shagreened, hairless. Seeds smooth.
Bracts oval. L. oblongo-lanceolate, serrulate
above the middle, pubescent, approximate. p.
6, 7. Moist woods. s. G.—Kocu.

28. coralloides. Rays 5; accessory flow-
er-stalks numerous. Caps. very hairy, quite
‘even. Seeds ovate. Bracts ovate. L. lan-
ceolate, nearly entire, scattered. p. 5, 6.

Moist shade. Sic.

29. gwerardiana. Rays many, dichoto-
mous. Bracts triangulari-ovate. L. lineari-
lanceolate, acuminato-cuspidate, approximate.
Margin revolute, entire. Stems many. p.
6,7. Barren. w.G. Sw. Fr. It. According
to Bertoloni, the Glands are entire, triden-
tate, or slightly crescent-shaped, and the
Capsule is sometimes granular and some-
times smooth.

B. savatilis.

tous.

Dwarf. L. oblong. Mt. Ven-

30. pannonica. Rays many, ouce-forked.
Glands truncate. Young Caps. covered with
thick, jointed hairs. Bracts broad ovate. LL.
pes lanceolate, acute. Margin flat, finely
crenulate at top. Upper L. broader. Stems
many. p. elds and borders. Vienna.

C. No Stipules. Bracts united. Umbel of
many rays, forked, with accessory flower-
stalks below the umbel. L. crowded.

31. melapetala. Caps. somewhat villous.
Seeds ellipsoid, smooth. Glands subrotund,
dark purple. Bracts large, 5 or 6 lines in
length, half united, forming a cup. L. lan-
ceolate. w. 1-3. Woody. Palermo. Cef.—
Guss.

32. Characias. Caps. villous. Seeds ellip-
soid, smooth. Glands truncate, dark purple.
Bracts small (3 or 4 lines m length, Guss.),
half united, nearly flat. L. lanceolate, quite
entire. w. 2-4. Coasts of Mdt.

33. eriocarpa. Caps. oblong, 3-edged,
very villous. Seeds smooth, ellipsoid. Glands
truncate, denticulate. Bracts small, half uni-
ted, campanulate. L. narrow lanceolate, acute,
downy. w.38-5. Hedges. It. occ.

34. Wrulfenii. Caps. densely villous. Seeds
smooth. Glands lunate, ye//ow. Bracts small,
half united, forming a cup. L. lanceolato-
linear, quite entire. p.4,5. Stony. Aus-
trian shore.

35. amygdaloides. Rays sometimes only
5. Caps. hairless, rough with fine dots. Glands
lunate. Seeds smooth. Bracts united, flat.
Floral L. ovate; others obovato-oblong. Stem
single, simple. p. 4,5. Moods.

36. semiperfoliata. Caps. even. Glands
horned. Bracts small, half united, somewhat
concave, somewhat reniform. Rays 4-16. L.
obovato-oblong, quite entire. Seeds with a
few black pomts. w. 5, 6. Trimita, Cors.
Gennargentu, Sardinia.

328 718. KUPHORBIA.

D. No Stipules. Bracts separate. Glands
linear, horned.
i. Seeds smooth.
a. Capsule with raised points on the back.
* Rays always more than 5.

[In dendroides, and perhaps in cwneifolia,
the Glands are rather obcordate than crescent-
shaped. In serrata, and, as it appears to me,
in Paralas, they are more properly truncate
and toothed. ]

37.tomasiniana. “Stem erect. L. sessile,
cordato-lanceolate, cuspidate, dilated at base.
Bracts cordato-triangular. Rays 7-15, cloven.
Accessory Rays numerous. Glands slightly
crescent-shaped, obtuse. Caps. rough on the
angles. p.6. Calc. mountains. Trieste.” —
Berr.

38. virgata. “Rays many, repeatedly
forked. Backs of the Hunches rough with
dots. L. lineari-lanceolate, gradually narrower
from the middle upwards, quite entire, smooth,
dull, approximate. Bracts deltoideo - ovate,
broader than long. Root descending. Stems
many. p.5, 6. Meadows and roadsides. s.
e. Ger.” — Kocu.

39. lucida. Like Sp. 38, except that L.
are shining and Root creeps horizontally. p.
7, 8. Moist meadows and osier-grounds. Sil.
Moravia.— Kocu.

40. salicifolia. “‘ Rays many, repeatedly
forked. Backs of the Hunches rough with dots.
L. lanceolate, attenuate at each end, quite en-
tire, densely pubescent, approximate. Bracts
deltoideo-ovate, broader than long. Root creep-
ing. p. 5, 6. Meadows and waysides. lower
Aust.”—Koou.

4]. Esula. ‘“ Rays many, repeatedly forked.
(Accessory Rays numerous, Bert.) Backs of
Hunches finely dotted. L. lanceolate or line-
ari-lanceolate, attenuate, hairless. Margin
rough towards the top. Lower L. somewhat
stalked, rather approximate; those of the
branches narrower. Bracts deltoideo-ovate,
broader than long. Root creeping. p. 6-8.
Meadows and willow thickets. oce.’—Kocu.

42, Triumfetti. “Stem erect. L. lan-
ceolato-linear, lengthened, narrower at each
end, acute. Margin cartilagious. Rays 5-15,
forked. Accessory Rays numerous. Bracts
rhombeo-ovate. Glands with long horns.
Caps. rough on the angles. p.5,6. Prne-
woods. Rav.’—BER?. :

43. Gyparissias. Rays once or twice

forked. Hunches rough on the back with
small dots. LL. strictly linear, quite entire,
somewhat crowded; those of the branches
very narrow. Bracts deltoideo-semicircular,
broader than long. Root creeping. p. 4, 5.
Barren fields and waysides.

** Rays not more than 5.

44, saxatilis. Rays 5, once forked.
Horns of Glands short, obtuse. Caps. with
thin keels. Bracts obtuse, mucronate, some-
what cordate. L. glaucous, smooth, quite en-
tire: lower lineari-oblong, crowded: upper
elliptic. Root descending. Stems many. p.
5, 6. Stony hills. lower Aust. Sty. Carn.
Sette Communi.

45. ramosissima. Rays 3, dichotomous.
Bracts cordato-reniform, mucronate. Seeds
smooth, grey with dark dots. LL. ovate, very
finely serrulate. Stem much branched. p. 6, 7.
Hyéres.— Lois.

46. serrata. Rays 3-5. No Accessory
Rays. Glands hardly lunulate. Caps. nearly
smooth. Bracts dentato-serrate. L. lanceo-
late, sessile, hairless, acute; upper broad, or
at base all dentato-serrate, scattered. p. 5.

Fields and roadsides. s. Fr. Nice. Fondi.

47. Paralias. Rays 5, forked. Bracts
deltoideo-cordate, wider than long. Fr. reti-
culate with elevated points. L. smooth, glau-
cous, oblong, entire, somewhat acute, crowded.
yp. 8,9. Sandy shores. All authors describe
the glands as lunate. I find them, as figured
in ‘Eng. Bot., with 3, or more often 4, pots,
and hardly lunate.

b. Capsule smooth.

48. tenuifolia. Rays 5, forked. Bracts
reniformi-subcordate. Glands with short blunt
horns. LL. linear, acute, quite entire, smooth,
shining, approximate. p.5. Grassy. Prov.
Dau. Pyr.—Dusy. In specimens from Arles,
gwen me by M. Requien, the Caps. seems
often wrinkled or finely tuberculate.

49. terracina. Rays 3-5, dichotomous.
Horns of the Glands long, setaceous. Bracts
ovato-semicircular. Floral L. ovate, acuminate.
Upper L. lanceolate, 1-nerved, serrulate at
top; lower obtuse with a point, approximate.
p. 3-9. Fields, roadsides, and sandy shores.
Proy. It. Sic.

50. variabilis. ‘Lowest L. small, ellip-
tic; upper lanceolate, 1-nerved: all acute.
Rays about 5, forked. Glands semilunar.
Horns rather long, thick, obtuse. p. 6. Como.
Corno di Canzi.”— Brrr.

HUPHORBIACEA,

51. Gayi. Lowest L. spatulate. Upper
floral L. and Bracts lanceolato-linear. Rays
about 3, nearly simple. Glands slightly lunate.
p. 4-6. Dry pine-woods. Cors.

52. dendroides. Rays 3-10, but generally
about 6. No Accessory Rays. Stem shrubby,
erect. Glands rather obcordate than horned.
Bracts ovato-subrotund. L. approximate. s.S.
5, 6. Calc. rocks. Shores of It.

53. biglandulosa. Rays 6-12, forked.
Glands with club-shaped horns. L. coriaceous,
lanceolate, acuminate. Caps. acutely 3-edged.
Seeds 4-sided. w. 2,5. Hills. Sic.

54. niczeensis. Rays many, once forked.
Caps. wrinkled. Bracts cordato-ovate, obtuse,
mucronulate. L. smooth, glaucous, oblong,
mucronulate, quite entire, approximate. Seeds
ovoid. p.7, 8. Barren uncult. Carn.

ii. Seeds not smooth.
a. Capsule not smooth.

55. biumbellata. Umbel double. Bracts re-
niformi-cordate. Seeds ovoid, corrugato-sulcate.
Horns of Glands club-shaped. 4. linear, uni-
form; upper acute. p. 4, 5. Sandy hills.
Sic. Prov.

56. Miyrsinites. Rays 5-8, forked.
Horns of Glands somewhat ciub-shaped. Caps.
keeled. Bracts reniform, mucronulate. LL.
glaucous, obovato-oblong, hairless, rough on
margin, approximate. Seeds longitudinally
reticulate, rugose. p.6, 7. Stony. Cherso.
Madonie.

57. portlamdica. Rays 5, forked. Glands
4, horns not clavate. Bracts concave, some-
what cordate. L. lineari-obovate, pointed,
smooth, crowded, spreading. Margin entire.
Seeds reticulate. p. 8. Coasts. s. Eng.
Galloway.

58. pimea. Rays 5-9, dichotomous. Ac-
eessory Rays numerous. Horns of Rays seta-
ceous, acute. Bracts cordato-reniform. LL.
glaucous, obtuse, mucronate, much crowded :
lower linear ; upper broader. Floral L. ovate,
somewhat 3-lobed. In my specimen the floral
L. are linear, like the others: those within
‘the umbel, and the Bracts, are lingulate, and
some of them might almost be called 3-lobed.
Seeds pitted. p. 5,6. Stony. Cherso. Cale.
rocks on shore. It.

59. segetalis. Rays 5, dichotomous.
Horns of Glands setaceous, acute. Bracts
-ovate, semicircular, mucronate. L. glaucous,
linear, acuminate, mucronate, smooth, crowded ;

|

329

upper broader. Seeds pitted. a. 6, 7. IMelds.
Istria. Aust. Sil.

60. aleppica. ‘Erect. LL. lineari-seta-
ceous, crowded. Rays 5, forked. Accessory
Rays numerous. Bracts ovate, acuminato-aris-

tate. Glands semilunate. Caps. and Seeds
finely granular, a. 6. Nice. Apul. Cal.”—
Bert.

61. taurinensis. “Lower L. obversely
lanceolate, emarginate, approximate; upper
lanceolato-linear, entire. Rays about 4, long,

dichotomous. Accessory Rays numerous.
Bracts cordato-triangular. Glands slightly
semilunate. Seeds pitted. a. 4-6. Lusengo

near Turin.’—BErt. Specimens from s. Fr.
have the bracts lingulate, acute, like those of
E. pinea; but the plant is clearly annual.

62. cuneifolia. Rays 5, trifid, forked.
Bracts rhombic ; upper part acutely serrulate.
Caps. 3-edged, beset with thick bristles. Seeds
rough with dots. L. smooth, cuneate, spatu-
late. a. 4,5. Grassy fields. w.Sic.—Guss.
Bert. refers to this W. stellulata of Lois., of
which the glands are said to be somewhat tu-
nate ; and on this account I place it here.

b. Capsule smooth.
* Annual.

63. Peplus. Rays 3, dichotomous. Caps.
with double and somewhat winged keels : (dor-
sal line of keel formed of 4 pits, Kocu.) Bracts
ovate. LL. stalked, obovate, quite entire, cadu-
cous. a. 6-10. Fields.

64. peploides. Rays 2-4, dichotomous :
(dorsal line of keel formed of 3 pits, Kocn.)
Bracts cordato-reniform. L. subrotund, nearly
sessile, scattered. Glands reddish. a. 3, 4.
Cult. Coasts of Mdt. Fr. Istr. and islands.

65. falcata. Rays 3, dichotomous. Horns
of Glands short. Seeds marked with 4 rows
of transverse depressed dots. Bracts oval or
ovate, mucronate. L. lanceolato-linear, spatu-
late, approximate, caducous. a. 7-9. Cult.
s. G. s. Sw.

B. acuminata. I. and Bracts acuminate.

66. exigua. Rays 3, dichotomous. Seeds
tubercled. Bracts linear, acute, on a some-
what cordate base. L. lear, approximate,
caducous. a. 6-9. Cult.

B. rubra, DC. LL. widened upwards, retuse,

with a mucro. s. G.
** Woody.
67. Pityusa. Rays.5, forked. Accessory

2u

330

Rays numerous. Seeds ovate, reticulate. Glands
retuse. Bracts and Floral L. ovate. L. crowded,
lineari-lanceolate (nvoluto-acuminate, BERT.) ;
lower deflexed. w. 6-5. Sandy shores. Narb.
Prov. Lig. K. Nap.

68. Gupani. Rays 3-5, forked. Seeds
reticulate. Bracts rhombeo-ovate. LL. coria-
ceous, somewhat remote, obversely lanceolate,
acute, l-nerved; lowest serrulate. w. 5-9.
Drepano and Segesta, Sic.— Brrr.

E. Leaves opposite !

69. Haathyris. Rays 4, dichotomous.
Glands horned. Caps.smooth. Seeds reticu-
late. Bracts oblongo-ovate, acute. L. decus-
sate, sessile, oblongo-lnear. b. 6,7. Cult.
s. Sw. s. Tyr. Austrian shore. It. occ. Sazd to
spring up periodically in certain thickets in
Hngland.

718. KUPHORBIA.

719. MERCURIALIS.

1. tomentosa. Woody. L. ovate, tomen-

tose. Caps. hirsute. Fertile Fl. on short
stalks. w. 9,10 (6,7, Lots.) Lang. Rous.
Corbieéres.

2. elliptica. Woody. Stem brachiate. L.
lanceolate, serrate, quite smooth. w. Summer.
Mountains. Cors.

3. perennis. Stem simple. _L. stalked,
ovato-lanceolate. Fertile Fl. on stalks much
longer than themselves. p.4, 5. Shade.

4. ovata. Stem simple. L. ovate, nearly
sessile. Fertile Fl. on stalks much longer than
themselves. p. 4, 5. Woody hills. s. G.
Perhaps a var. of Sp. 3,

5. amnua. Stem branched. LL. ovato-lan-
ceolate. Fertile Fl. nearly sessile. a. 6-9. Rich.

XCIII. URTICEA.

Perianth inferior, 3- 4- or 6-parted; sometimes, in the fertile flowers, undivided.

Sta-

mens inserted in the base of the perianth, and opposite to its divisions. Ovary 1—2-celled. Seeds
solitary. Stigmas 1 or 2. Fruit not bursting. ZL. with detached and generally caducous stupules

720. URTICA.

A. Monecious.

1. rupestris. Spikes simple, shorter than
L.-stalk; with barren, fertile, aud complete
flowers. L. ovate, acuminate, coarsely serrate,
with 4 stipules to each pair. w.4, 5. Vol-
canic rocks. Militello, Sic.

2. urens. Spikes simple, shorter than
L.-stalk, complete. LL. elliptic-ovate, acute,
coarsely serrate ; with 4 stipules to each pair.
a. 6-10. Waste.

3. neglecta. Spike simple, complete;
upper longer than L.-stalk. Rachis not di-
lated. L. ovato-elliptic, acute, sharply ser-
rate; with 2 stipules to each pair. a. 11—5.
Rich. Sicily.

4. membranacea. Spikes simple, sepa-
rate: barren longer, fertile generally shorter,
than L.-stalk. Rachis dilated. L. ovate,
acute, coarsely toothed; with 2 stipules to
each pair. a. 2-4. Uncult. s. Fr. It.

5. pilulifera. Barren clusters panicled.
Fertile Fl. in globular heads. Seeds tubercled.
L. ovate or cordate, inciso-serrate. a. 6, 7.

Waste. m.and s. Eur.

B. balearica. Stems and L.-stalks purplish.

6. Dodartii. Barren Clusters panicled.
Fertile Fl. in globular heads. Seeds nearly
smooth. L. ovate or ovato-lanceolate, nearly
entire. a. 6-8. Copford in Essex. Upwell
in Norf. Wisbeach in Cambridgeshire— Bas.

B. Diecious.
7. dioica. Spikes branched. L. all cor-
date, coarsely serrate; upper prolonged. Root
creeping. p. 7, 8. Waste.

8. hispida. Spikes branched. Lower L.
orbicular, cordate at base; upper somewhat
doubly serrate. p. 6, 7. Prades in Rous.

Cors. Sic.
9. sicula. Spikes branched; the fertile
pendulous. L. ovate (not cordate), acumi-

nate, sharply serrate, smaller.
woody at base. p. w. 5, 6.
Sicily.—Guss.

Plant slender,
Shady hills.

721. PARIETARIA.

1. officinalis. IL. ovato-lanceolate, often
acuminate, triple-nerved, with pellucid dots.
Cymes in pairs, bifid. Bract digitate. Segm.
ovate, obtuse. p. 5-9. Walls and banks.

URTICE. 33]

a. erecta, Kocu. Barren Cal. equalling
stamens.

B. diffusa, Koou. Barren Cal. at last twice
as long as stamens. P. judaica of many
authors (not of Linn.) belongs to diffusa.
Godron, ‘¥\. de Lorr.,’ 278, further dis-
tinguishes these. In P. erecta the bracts
are all separate, not decurrent ; in P. dif-
fusa they are decurrent, and united at
the base into a sort of involucrum.

2. lusitanica. L. small, ovate, 3-nerved
at base. Cymes solitary, axillary, about 3-
flowered. Bracts digitate. Segm. lineari-lan-
ceolate. Stem procumbent, filiform. a. 5, 6.
(p. Bert.) Wallis, §c. Rous. Toul. s. It.
Corsica.

B. filiformis, Ten. Div. of Involucrum

somewhat unequal.—Guss.

3. Soleirolii, “ L. small, nearly circular,
oblique at base. FI. solitary, axillary. Stem
filiform, procumbent. yp. 5. Shady walls.
Cors. Sard.” — Brrr.

Stems filiform,
L. rhombeo-ovate,

4. eretica. “ Annual.
diffuse, much branched.
3-nerved, equal at base, dotted. Invol. com-
pressed, somewhat tubular at base. Segm.
lanceolate, two of them broader, longer, and
spatulate. a. 2, 3. Walls and rocks. Sic.
Tslands.”—Guss.

CANNABIS.

Cannabis sativa, the common Hemp, a dic-
cious plant, with 5 stamens, 2 styles, a solitary
nut, erect stems, and rough digitate L., some-
times occurs in field cultivation.

722. HUMULUS.

ik Lupulus. Climbing. Fl. axillary: bar-
yen in racemes; fertile in solitary catkins. p.
7. Hedges and thickets. Perhaps an escape.

723. FICUS.

1. Carica. LL. cordate, palmate, rough
above, pubescent beneath. s.P. Dry stony.
s. Fr. It. nat.

Morvs.

Two species of Morus (Mulberry) are planted
by the roadsides or in the fields in the s. of
Bur. :-—J. alba, with a small white Fr., and
with the Stigma and margin of Cal. hairless,

cultivated for silkworms and as fodder for cattle ;
M. nigra, with a dark Fr., hairy Stigma, and
hairy margin to Cal., cultivated for its fruit.

724. CHLTIS.

1. australis. L. oblongo-lanceolate, acu-
minate, sharply serrate, rough above, villous
beneath, unequal at base. Fr. solitary. "T. 5.
s. Alps. It.

725. ULMUS.

[I follow Smith in the first five species of
this genus, as, on the whole, the most satisfac-
tory guide. |

1. campestris. Caps. cloven to the place
of the seed, oblong, hairless. Fl. nearly ses-
sile. L. doubly serrate. LF. 3, 4. In hedges.

2. suberosa. Caps. cloven to the place
of the seed, nearly circular, hairless. Fl. stalked.
L. doubly serrate. The corky bark is a mere
accident. 1.0.3. Ln hedge-rows.

3. glabra. Caps. cloven to the place of
the seed, obovate, hairless. Fl. nearly sessile.
L. doubly serrate. An elegant tree, with small
L. and drooping branches, of which the young
shoots are smooth. 1.0.3. Hedges : abundant
im Hssex and Hertfordshire.

4, major. Caps. obovate, hairless: the
division not reaching half-way to the seed. FI.
nearly sessile, 4-cleft. L. broad, unequally
serrate. Branches somewhat drooping. LT.
3. Hedges and roadsides near London.

5. montana. Caps. nearly circular, hair-
less: division not reaching half-way to seed.
Fl. stalked, 5- or 6-cleft. L. large, like those
of the Hazel. Branches sometimes drooping.
LB. 38,4. Hedges and woods. This is per-
haps the only Elin which is a native of Eng-
land. U. glabra has the next claim. The

Jruit rs very large and conspicuous, lasting on

the tree to the end of May.

6. effusa. Caps. villoso-ciliate. FI. stalked,
drooping. L. doubly serrate. T. 3, 4. Moun-
tain woods. G.

JUGLANS.

Juglans regia, the Walnut, is planted exten-
sively in some countries, in fields and by road-
sides.

332

XCIV.

Flowers rarely complete.

spikes. Perianth, if any, superior.

not forming a Catkin

w

and many seeds
3. BETULINEA.—Flowers all in Cane

4, PLATANEA.

. SALICINE®.—All the mowed in Catins:

AMENTACEA.

Barren Flowers in heads, or catkins, or in rather pendulous
These are divided into Tribes.

1. CUPULIFERA.—Fertile Flowers surrounded re a coriaceous Involucre ;

. Gen. 726-729.

tr uit not tesby, with 1 cell
. Gen. 730, 731.

Scales “of ahs eee Catkins
peltate, each 3-flowered. Fruit not fleshy, 2-celled. Seeds solitary

—Flowers all in dependent, ball-lhke Catkins.

. Gen. 732, 738.

Scales and

Flowers irregularly intermixed. Carpels 1 or 2, each of 1 cell and 1 seed Gen. 734.

5. MYRICEA.—Flowers all in Catkins.

Tribe I. CUPULIFER.
726. FAGUS.

1. Castanea. L. lanceolate, acutely ser-
rate, smooth beneath. Prickles of outer Cal.
compound, entangled. Stigmas 6. 1.°P. 2-5.
Woods.

2. sylvatica. lL. ovate, slightly serrate,
with silky cilia when young. Prickles of outer
Cal. simple. Stigmas 3. 1.°T. 4,5. Woods.

727. QUERCUS.
A. L. deciduous.
i. Scales of Cup spreading.

1. Fontanesii. L. sinuato-serrate, with
stellate pubescence above, tomentose beneath.
Lobes mucronate. Bark corky. Cups on
short stalks, with long, linear, recurved scales.

LT. 4, 5. Woods. Calabria. Bosco della
Fienza, Sic.

2. £Egilops. L. ovato-oblong, serrate, si-
nuate. Lobes acute, cuspidate. Cal. hemi-
spherical, very large. L'T. 5. Vicenza and
Verona, rare. Sic.

3. Cerris. L. oblong, sinuato-pinnatifid.
Lobes oblong, rounded, generally with a small
cusp. Scales of Cup long, twisted. LT. 5.
s. Eur. w. Fr.

B. austriaca. UL. slightly sinuate.

The Fruit does not ripen till the second
year, and is consequently below the L.

4. Toza. L. oblong, sinuate, or pinnatifid.

Lobes ending in an obtuse angle, without
cusp. Scales adpressed at base. LT. w. Fr.

Scales of barren Catkins 1-flowered.
Fruit a Drupe, formed by the fleshy scales of the catkin

. Gen. 735.

ii. Scales of Cup adpressed.

5. apennina. Fertile Fl. scattered along
Rachis, which far exceeds L.-stalk. ‘‘ L. some-
what stalked, obovate, sinuate. Lobes entire,
obtuse, pubescent beneath. Cup hemispherical
(downy, Guss.), about half as long as acorn.
Scales lanceolate, somewhat obtuse. 1%. Als.
s. Fr.’—Dupy.

6. pedunculata. Fertile Fl. scattered
along Rachis, which far exceeds L.-stalk. L.
nearly sessile, ovato-oblong, sinuate. Lobes
obtuse, entire. 1.7. 4. Woods.

7. intermedia. “1. on long stalks, cu-
neato-oblong, somewhat pinnatifid, covered
beneath with a starry pubescence. Lobes short,
rounded. Sinuses shallow, obtuse. Base ob-
tuse, unequal. Fertile Catkins on very short
stalks. Fr. oblong. T. 4,5. Eng.”—Don.

8. brutia. Tertile Fl. 1-8, crowded at
summit of along rachis. L. oblong, smooth,
semipinnatifid. Lobes somewhat dentate on
one side. Sinus very acute. 1.°D. K. Nap.
—TEN.

9. pubescens. Rachis very short. L. ob-
longo-elliptic, stalked. Lobes entire, ending
in an obtuse angle, hoary beneath. 1.7. 5
m. and s. Eur.

10. sessiliflora. Rachis very short. L.
obovato-oblong, stalked, sinuate. Lobes en-

tire, rounded, generally smooth. 1.T. 4, 5.
Woods.

ll. leptobalana. ‘“L. smooth above,
hoary beneath, somewhat cordate at base, obo-
vato-oblong, sinuato-lobate. Lobes short, ob-
tuse, entire. Fr. sessile, cylindrical, (3 or 4
times as long as broad.) 1. 4,5. Woods.
Madonie. Cal.’——Guss.

AMEN'TACEA.. 333

12. amplifolia. “ L. smooth above, villoso-
pubescent beneath, broadly obovate and oblong,
cordate at base. Lobes broad, short, entire or
somewhat crenate. Fr. on short spikes. Cups
hirstite when young. LT. 4,5. Shady val-
leys. Sic.”—Guss.

13. Esculus. Rachis very short. L. attenu-
ate, on long stalks, sinuate. Lobes angular or
dentate, downy on both sides when young.
1.7. 4. Pdm. K. Nap. ?

B. Leaves permanent.
i. Teeth not spinescent.

14. bivoniana. ‘“ L. somewhat cordate,
ovato-oblong, smooth above, hoary beneath,
sinuato-lobate or tripartite: the middle lobe
lineari-oblong, entire or inciso-dentate. Cups
solitary, sessile. Scales spreading. T. 4, 5.
Wood of Gerace, Sic.”—Guss.

15. Tlex. L. generally repand and dentate,
each tooth with a sharp mucro; but vary-
ing much in form and margin; sometimes
quite entire. Bark even, not corky. T. 5.
s. Europe.

In general, the Rachis is very short, and
the lower Fl. nearly or quite sessile; but I
have a specimen from s. Fr. with a long rachis
and sometimes as many as 6, quite separate
flowers, of which the lowest is far from the
stem. It was a dwarf plant, with slightly
dentate L., and may be a species.

16. Suber. ZL. like those of Q. Ilex, but
when gathered in flower the upper side be-
comes black in drying, and both L.-stalk
and Fl.-stalk are longer. Bark chinky and
corky. @. 5. s. Fr. Ist.s. tt. What the
Pseudo-suber of Santi, mentioned by Tenore,
may be, I éo not know.

ii. Teeth of L. spinescent.

17. coccifera. L. cordate at base, spinoso-
dentate. S. s. Fr. It. lapygia.

B.. humilis. L. downy beneath.

728. CORYLUS.

1. Avellana. Stipules oblong, obtuse. Cal.
of Fr. campanulate, lacero-dentate. L. subro-
tundo-cordate, acuminate. S. 2,3. Woods
and thickets.

2. tubulosa. Stipules oblong, obtuse. Cal.
of Fr. tubular, contracted at top. L. subro-
tundo-cordate, acuminate. §. 2,3. Woods.
Istria, abundant.—Kocn.

729. CARPINUS.

1. Betulus.
Div. lanceolate.

Seales of Catkin tripartite.
T. 4,5. Woods.

2. duinensis. Scales of Catkin ovate, un-
divided. TT. 4,5. Austrian shore.—Kocu.

3. Ostrya. Invol. of Fr. nflated, membra-
nous! Catkin ovate, drooping. L. ovate, acu-
minate, somewhat cordate. T. 4, 5. adr. G. It.

Tribe Il. SALICINEA.
730. SALIX.

I have laboured in vain to reduce the Wil-
lows into a regular system, and I have there-
fore thought it the safest way to brig together
all that had been enumerated as species by
Hooker and Koch; adding occasionally a few
observations of Babington or of my own, or
deduced from the plates of ‘Eng. Bot.’ I do
not believe that any person, however well
skilled in other parts of botany, would be able
to determine the species from the descriptions.
Some degree of traditional knowledge in this
genus isindispensable. It is probable that not
one-half, perhaps not one-fourth, of the forms
here enumerated are genuine species ; but I am
unable to determine which should be adopted
and which omitted. Iam not, however, pre-
pared to admit that each tribe, the Negricantes
for instance, is in fact only one species; and I
should still less consider this to be the case
with the Bicolores ; but even if it were so, I
am still unable to point out satisfactory marks
to distinguish these different tribes. ALI that
I could do, I have inserted in its place.

In all the Saices the typical form of the
Fruit seems to be that of a pear reversed,
often described as lanceolate or subulate on an
ovate base: in some, as in S. purpurea, not
much longer than broad; in others 3 or 4 times
as long. The shape of the L. is taken from
the middle of a healthy shoot, not springing
immediately from the root, nor from the trunk
of an old tree.

Secor. I. Catkins lateral; the stalk producing
no leaf-buds, but falling off with the catkin.
Stalk of fertile Catkins leafy. Scales of
one colour.

A. Fracites. Scales falling off before the
fruit is ripe. Trees, and for the most part
only bearing fruit as trees, while in all the
other sections (except, perhaps, the Prz?-
nose) the plants produce fruit as Shrubs

384

or ag OQOsiers. IL. broadest below the

middle.
i. Stamens always more than 2. Sp. 1, 2.
ii. Stamens 2, rarely 38. Sp. 3-8.
B. AmyepaLinez. Scales persistent.
i. Stamens 3. Sp. 9-12.
ii. Stamens 2. Sp. 13.

Sect. If. Catkins lateral, their stalks furnished
with scales, rather than L. Scales of Catkin
discoloured at the top (not always in the
Vaccinufolie).

G. Purrurem. Anthers purple, very dark
after flowering.

i. Stamen 1. Sp. 14-18.
ii. Stamens 2, united. Sp. 19, 20.

D. Pruinos#. Anthers yellow or yellow-
brown after flowering. Branches pruinose.
Inner bark of a lemon-colour. Sp. 21, 22.

Anthers yellow or
Branches

E. VIMINALES, Oszers.
yellow-brown after flowering.
not pruinose. Inner bark green.

i. Fertile Catkin straight. Sp. 23-29.
ii. Fertile Catkin incurved. Sp. 30-32.

EF. Carrem, Sallows. Bushes, not con-
vertible into Osiers. Catkins nearly sessile,
with a few imperfect L. at base. Germens
stalked. L. broadest above the middle.

i. Cineree@, BorRER. Sp. 33-41.

ii. Mgricantes, Borner. These generally
(not always) become black in drying, or
obtain a peculiar, dingy, glaucous hue
underneath, which is not the case with
the Cineree. There is also a little group
of glands at the base of the stipules, like
eggsinanest. In the Cineree it is very
rare to tind any glands on the stipules ;
and when they do occur, they are not
thus disposed. Most of the species have
long, forked styles. Sp. 42-50.

iii. Bicolores, BoRRER. L. firmer, smooth-
er and more grey beneath, than in the
two preceding divisions. Sp. 51-67.

G. ARrEeNARI# differ from F*. in having ses-
sile catkins. Sp. 68-70.

EE. VaccrnirroLti#. Small Shrubs, with
small parts. Scales hardly discoloured.
Sp. 71-76.

E. Repentres. Shrubs with a creeping stem,

“more or less subterraneous, and decumbent
branches. Sp. 77-79.

KK. Rosmarinirouie. Shrub erect.
wise as I. Sp. 80-82.

Other-

730. SALIX.

Sect. III. Catkins terminal.

i. Myrsrnires. Catkin apparently termi-
nal, proceeding only from the ultimate buds
of each branch. Sp. 83-86.

MM. Reticunat#. Catkin opposite the ter-
minal L., with an intervening bud. Sp.

87.

N. Guacrates. Catkin truly terminal; the ©
Stalk being a small branch producing leaves
and buds. Sp. 88-90.

Secr. I. Cathkins lateral, on a leafy stalk.
Scales of one colour.

A. FRAGILES.
i. Stamens more than 2.

1. pentandra. Stamens 5-10. (Length
of Fr. 2% times breadth, E.B.) (Fr. nearly
sessile, Hooker.) (Stalk about twice nectary,
Kocu.) (Style hardly any, Hooker; mode-
rate, Kocu.) IL. ovate, ovato-lanceolate, or
elliptico-oblong, acuminate, with numerous
glands at the base. Serratures small, nume-
rous, blunt. Stipules ovato-oblong, equal-

sided. 1.5, 6. Banks of streams. Ung.
Ir. n. G. Alps. Aust.
2. cuspidata. Stamens 3-5. Germen

ovate at base, prolonged, smooth. Stalk 3 or
4 times nectary. Style moderate. L. oblongo-
elliptic or oblongo-lanceolate, acuminate, gene-
rally widest above middle, densely glanduloso-
serrate, with 2 or 4 glands at base. Stip.
semicordate, oblique.-—Kocu. 'T. 5, 6. Worst
meadows. u. Eng. Pom. Mecklenb. The mode
of growth, the longer stalk to the germen, the
Sewer glands at the base of the L., and the
form of the stipules, distinguish this from
Sp. 1.
ii. Stamens 2.

3. decipiens. Germen tapering, stalked,
smooth. Style longer than cloven stigmas.
L. of Stalk of Catkin shorter in proportion
than the others, obovato-lanceolate; other L.
lanceolate. Bark grey, polished. T. Moist
meadows.—SM. The pale, polished back, and
the fewer and shorter floral L., seem to be
all we have to depend upon in separating this
species or var. from the following. Smith
adds, however, that the Style is equal to one-
third of germen.

4. fragilis. L. ovato-lanceolate, acute, ser-
rate, smooth. Germen on short stalk (quite
sessile, EK. B.), oblongo-ovate. Style short.
Stigmas bifid. (Length of Fr. twice breadth,
H.B.) (Scales pubescent and much ciliate,
Hooker.) 'T. 4,5. IL copy this description

AMENTACEA‘, 33

from Hooker.
broader towards the base than those of the
Jollowing species, but there is not much
difference. Koch unites Sp. 3, 4, and 5, and
is probably right in so doing.

5, russelliana. L. lanceolate, tapering
at each extremity, strongly serrate, smooth,
very pale beneath. Germen stalked (nearly
sessile, EH. B.), lanceolate, acuminate, smooth.
Style as long as bifid stigmas. (Length of Fr. 4
times breadth, H. B.) Scales narrow lanceolate,
slightly ciliate, Hooker, T. 4,5. Osier-
grounds and marshy woods.

6. alba. (Germen 3 times breadth, E. B.)
Stalk hardly equalling the very short nectary.
Stigma nearly sessile, short, emarginate. L.
lanceolate, acuminate, serrulate, silky, espe-
cially beneath. Stip. lanceolate. 'T’. 4,5. Réver-
banks, Sc.

B. cerulea. lL. nearly or quite smooth,
grey beneath.

7. vitellina. Germen smooth, lanceolate,
sessile, (twice breadth, E.B.) Stigma nearly
sessile, bipartite. L. lanceolate, acuminate,
serrulate, silky beneath. Back of Branches
yellow or golden. T.5. Hedges and osier-
grounds. Probably a var. of Sp. 6.

8. babylonica. Branches long, flexile,
drooping. L. lineari-lanceolate, acuminate, ser-
rulate, smooth. Germen ovate, sessile, smooth.
T. 3,4. Banks. Not wild.

B. AMYGDALIN2.

i. Stamens 3. Cultivated as osiers, but be-
coming trees if left.

9. undulata. Scales villous. Caps. 24
times breath. Stalk twice nectary, + germen, 4
scale. Style as long as bifid stigma. L. lan-
ceolate, acuminate, serrulate (at first pubescent,
Koc). Stip. semicordate. s.T. or Oster.
4,5. Riwer-banks. Eng. un. G.

B. lanceolata. Germen and L. hairless.

10. triandra. Scales retuse, hairless. (Ger-
men 23 times breadth. Stalk 3 times nectary,

2 of scales, 2 of germen, E.B.) Stigma sessile,

retuse. lL. oblongo-lanceolate, acute, serrate,
smooth. If left as a tree, it casts its epidermis
in the autumn, as does the preceding. T. 5.
Moist woods and oster-grounds.

ll. hoffmanniana. Germen 3 times
breadth, ovate, compressed. (Stalk nearly
equal to puckered, obovate scale. Stigmas
nearly sessile, Sm.) L. all lanceolate, somewhat

rounded at base, serrate, smooth. Stip. large, —

The L. are, in fact, a little |

or

ear-like. s.T.5. Sides of streams. Pro-

bably a var. of Sp. 10.

12. amygdalina. Scales not hairy at top.
Germen (24 breadth, H. B.) (hardly 13, J. W.)
Stalk 3 times nectary, 2% scale, 2 germen.
Stigma nearly sessile, emarginate (bifid, Hook.).
L. ovato-lanceolate, acuminate, glaucous be-
neath. Stip. semicordate. (Young Branches
furrowed! Hooker.) s.@. 4, 5. Banks and
streams. Sp. 10,11, and 12, are united by
Koch.

ui. Stamens 2.

13. hippopheefolia. Scales hirsute. Caps.
ovato-conical. Stalk equalling nectary. Style
long. Stigma bifid. L. lanceolate, acuminate,
glanduloso-denticulate, at first pubescent. Sti-
pwes semicordate, Kocu. ‘'T. 4,5. Moist
banks. Rhine. Boh. Sil. Bremen.

Sect. II. Cathkins lateral. Stalks hardly
leafy. Scales discoloured at top. Anthers
purple, black after flowering. L. quite even,
but not shining on the upper surface. Cat-
kin nearly sessile, bracteate.

CS. PuRPUREA.

me

. Stamen 1. Plant turning black in drying,
and staining the paper. L. broadest above
the middle.

14. purpurea. Decumbent. Fr. ovate
(1+ breadth, E. B.) (twice, J. W.), very pubes-
cent, sessile. Stigma ovate, nearly sessile. L.
narrow, obovato-oblong, smooth. Fertile Cat-
kins very compact. S. 8-3. Banks and
moist meadows.

15. Helix. Erect. Fr. (12 breadth, E.
B.) oblongo-ovate, pubescent, sessile. Stigma
long, ovate, emarginate, nearly sessile. L. ob-
ovato-oblong, serrate, smooth. (Bark glossy
yellow, Hooker.) S. 3, 4. Marshes and
moist banks.

16. forbyana. Erect. (Germen 12 breadth,
HE. B.) Stigmas linear, bifid. (L. lanceolato-
oblong, Sm.) (Stipules small, downy, Hooker.) °
(L. so widely different from those of 8. Helix,
that the two species could not be confounded
by the most careless observer. Twigs of a
greyish yellow.—SM.) S. 4. Meadows and
oster-grounds.

17. lambertiana. Erect. Fr. short (14
breadth, E. B.), very pubescent, sessile. Stig-
mas ovate, emarginate. lL. obovato-oblong,
serrate, smooth. S.4. Banks of streams.
(Twigs purplish, Sm.) L. broader at base than
im Sp. 15.

336

18. woolgariana. Erect.
breadth, HE. B.), very pubescent, sessile. Stig-
ma nearly sessile, ovate, emarginate. L. more
cuneate, and less rounded at base, than in the
allied species. ©.5. Oster-grounds. Lewes.
There ws no tangible difference between this
and Sp. 1%. Babington considers both as
var. of purpurea. Koch considers the whole
subdivision as one species.

li. Stamens 2, united. Plant not turning
black nor staining the paper.

19. pontederana. Caps. ovoideo-lanceo-
late. Stalk as long as nectary. Style mode-
rate. Stigma ovate, emarginate. L. serrulate,
downy when young. Stipules semicordate. S.
3,4. Mountain woods. Boh. lower Aust.
Carn. Sw.—Kocu.

20. rubra. Caps. twice breadth. Stalk
shorter than nectary. Style long. Stigmas
linear, undivided (ovate, EK. B.). L. lineari-lan-
ceolate, acute, serrate, downy when young,
afterwards smooth and green on both sides.
S. 4,5. Worst meadows and osier-grounds.

8. Adult L. silky beneath.—Kocn.

D. PrRuINOsSa.

21. acutifolia. Caps. ovoideo - conical,
hairless, sessile. Stylelong. Stigma lneari-
oblong. LL. lineari-lanceolate, acuminate, ser-
rate, hairless. Young Branches hairiess. Stip.
lanceolate, acuminate.—Kocu. T. or LS.
Banks. Sil. Berlin.

22. daphnoides. Caps. ovato - conical,
hairless, sessile. Style long. Stigmas oblong.
L. elliptic, acuminate, glanduloso-serrate, hair-

less. Young Branches and L. somewhat hairy.
Stip. semicordate—Kocn. ‘T. 3,4. Rhine
and n. G.

E. VIMINALES, Oszers.
i. Fertile Cathkin straight.

23. mollissima. Caps. ovoideo-conical,
tomentose. Style long. Stigmas linear, cloven.
_ L. long, lanceolate, acuminate, remotely repan-
do-denticulate, finely tomentose beneath when
young. Stip. ovate, acute. S. 4. Banks and

streams. 1. G.—KocH.

24. viminalis. Germen lanceolato-subu-
late. Caps. (8 times breadth, E. B.) (lanceo-
late on an ovate base, Kocu) (falling short of
seale, HE. B.) | Stalk shorter than nectary.
Style long. Stigmas linear, generally deeply
cloven at last, entire at first. L. lineari-lanceo-
late, obscurely crenate. Stipules lanceolate,
very small. $. 4,5. Wet places and oster-
grounds.

Germen (13 |

i
|

730. SALIX.

25. stipularis. (Fr. obpyriform, 13 breadth,
Sm.) Stalk shorter than nectary. Style long
G stigma, E. B.). Stigma linear, undivided.
Scales very shaggy. . lanceolate, obscurely
crenate. Stip. large, semicordate. S. 3. Moist
woods and osier-grounds.

26. smithiana. Caps. lanceolato-subulate,
much longer than scale (3 times breadth. Stalk
3 scale, + germen, as long as nectary, H. B.)
Style long (shorter than the long, linear, deeply
divided stigmas,”’ Sm.) L. lanceolate, obscurely
crenate, covered beneath with a satiny pubes-
cence. §. 4,5. Most meadows, woods, and
oster-grounds.

27. ferruginea. Germen ovato-subulate,
stalked, silky. Style about as long as the
linear, entire stigma. L. lanceolate, attenuate,
very acute, silky beneath, obscurely serrate.
Stip. very minute. Catkins stalked. S. 4, 5.
Nuthurst in Sussex.

28. acuminata. Germen ovate (twice
breadth, HE. B.), hairy, stalked. (Stalk twice
nectary. Scale 2 germen, H.B.) Style as long

-as undivided stigma. Catkin cylindrical (on

leafy stalks, HE. B.). L. lanceolato-oblong or
elliptic, and hardly obovate, pointed, wavy,
finely toothed. Stip. semiovate. S. 4, 5.
Moist woods and hedges—Sm. Put by Bab.
with the Cineree.

29. holosericea. Germen stalked, densely
silky. Stigmas ovate, sessile. Scales black,
very shaggy. Catkins cylindrical. LL. lanceo-
late, somewhat abbreviate, acuminate, serrato-
crenate, smooth above; pale, downy, strongly
veined beneath. S. 4,5. Lewes. (Catkins
sessile. Stip. semiovate, obtuse. Stalk 2 or
3 times nectary. Style very short. Stigma
emarginate.-—Kocu, who puts this among the
Caprese, perhaps correctly.) The stalked cat-
kins of the three last seem to separate these
forms both from the Viminales and the Cine-
ree. They are probably all one species.

ii. Fertile Catkin incurved.

30. seringiana. Germen lanceolate, on
an ovate base, tomentose. Stalk twice nectary.
Style long. Stigma cloven. LL. lanceolato-ob-
long (ovato-lanceolate, J. W.), acuminate, cre-
nulate, white, tomentose and veiny beneath.
Stip. ovate, acute. S. 4. Hill-streams. Sw.
Tyr. Carn.-—Kocn.

31. salvifolia. Germen lanceolate, on an
ovate base, tomentose. Stalk twice nectary.
Style short. Stigma oblong, nearly entire. L.
oblongo-lanceolate, acute, obsoletely denticu-
late, hoary, tomentose, and veiny beneath;

AMENTACIL, 337

lower obtuse. Stip. semicordate. §&. In the
Hymatte near Berne.—Kocn. There seems no
difference between these two, except in the
prstil,

32. incana. Caps. ovato-lanceolate, smooth,
4 times breadth, nearly sessile. Stalk twice
nectary. Style long. Stigma cloven. Scales
brownish, bearded, not hairy all over. L. lan-
ceolato-linear, acuminate, denticulate, hoary
with a densely-matted pubescence. s.S. 4.
Mountain streams. s.G. Sw. Fr. I suspect
a creeping rhizoma, and that this species is
allied to the Rosmarinifolic.

EF. Caprea, Sallows.
i. Cineree, Borr. Germen silky.

33. cinerea. Caps. 3 times breadth. Stalk
4 times nectary, 4 capsule, 2 scales (4 scales,
Sm.). Style short. L. obovato-elliptic, more
or less glaucous above; pubescent and reticu-
late beneath. Margin slightly recurved. (Buds
hoary, Kocu.) Stip. semicordate. s.T. 4.
Banks of rivers and moist woods.

34. aquatica. (Caps. twice breadth. Stalk
4 times nectary, 4 scales, } germen.—H. B.)
Style very short. lL. obovato-elliptic, some-
what serrate, minutely downy, flat. rather
glaucous beneath. (Buds hoary, Kocu.) Stip.
rounded, toothed. s.T.4. Moist.

35. oleifolia. (Caps. about twice breadth.)
Stalk short. Stem erect. Branches straight,
spreading. LL. obovato-lanceolate, flat, rather
rigid, minutely toothed, acute, glaucous, re-
ticulate, and finely hairy beneath. Stip.
small, notched, rounded. Catkin oval, nearly
as broad as long. s.@. 3. Woods and hedges.
Norf. Tunbr.—Sm. Babington unites these
three.

36. aurita. (Caps. twice breadth. Stalk
1+ nectary, 4 scale, + germen, H. B.) (Stalk
3 or 4 times nectary. Style very short. Stigma
ovate, emarginate, Kocu.) L. obovate, repan-
do-dentate, wrinkled with veins, very idowny be-
neath, with a small bent point, recurved at the
margin. Stip. roundish, semicordate. (Buds
nearly smooth, Kocu.) S.ors.T.5. Thick-

ets, Sc.

37. grandifolia. “Caps. long lanceolate,
on a nearly ovate base, tomentose. Stalk 6
times nectary. Style very short. Stigmas ovoid,
cloven. Catkins at first nearly ovate. L. ob-
jongo-obovate, acuminate, flat, obsoletely un-
dulato-serrate, smooth above, pubescent and
glaucous beneath. Stip. reniform, very large.
Buds at last quite smooth. &. 3, 4. Subad-

pine woods. Alps. Perhaps a var. of Sp.
39.”—Kocn.

38. silesiaca. “Caps. lanceolate, on an
ovate base, smooth or silky. Stalk 3 or 4
times nectary. Style moderate. Stigma ovate,
cloven. L. obovate, acuminate, undulato-
serrate, nearly of same colour beneath, when
full grown quite smooth; the lowest very
blunt. Stip. reniformi-semicordate. S. 5, 6.

Mountain woods. Rieseng.”—Kocu.

39. Caprea. (Caps. twice breadth. Stalk
twice nectary, 4 scale, 2 germen, H. B.) (Stalk
4—6 times nectary. Style very short. Stigma
ovoid, cloven, Kocu.) (Stigma undivided,
Hooker.) LL. obovate or elliptic, acute, ser-
rate, waved on margin, downy and glaucous
beneath, (recurved, acuminate, Koon.) (Stip.
reniform, Koc; semicordate, Hooker.)
(Buds smooth, Kocu.) S&S. or s.T. 4, 5.
Woods, Sc.

40. sphacelata. There is somewhat of u
stalk to the catkin in E. B. Germen ovato-
lanceolate, (24 times breadth,) stalked, silky.
Stalk 4 times nectary, 2 scale, 2 germen. Stig-
ma emarginate, longer than style. L. elliptico-
obovate, even, veiny, downy on both sides,
discoloured at the point (not in H. B.). Stip.
semicordate, toothed, erect, Su. S. 4, 5.
Finlarig near the head of Loch Tay, Scotland.
Koch considers this a synonym of the fol-
lowing.

4]. depressa. Cal. with a leafy stalk.
Germen elongato-lanceolate, on an ovate base,
tomentose. Stalk 5 times nectary. Style very
short. Stigma ovoid, cloven. L. obovate or
elliptic, somewhat glaucous and velvety, some-
times, when old, quite smooth. Stip. reniform.
S. 4. Boggy ground. Tschirnan. Sil. Re-
sembles §. aurita; but the barren Catkins are
more slender, the fertile more lax; the adult
L. are flat, quite smooth, and quite entire:
those of the young branches are, however, ob-
tusely undulato-serrate.

ii. Mgricantes, BORRER.

42. cotinifolia. (Germen twice breadth.
Stalk 3 times nectary, 2 scale, 2 germen, EH. B.)
Style cloven. Stigma roundish, emarginate.
L. subrotundo-elliptic, obtusely dentate. downy,
glaucous, and veiny beneath. S. 4, 5. Norf.
and Suff.—Hooxer.

43. hirta. “Stem erect. Branches densely
hairy. L. elliptico-cordate, acuminate, finely
crenate, downy on both sides. Stalk densely
downy. Stipule semicordate, flat, toothed,
green, and nearly hairless. s.T.4, 5. Norf.”

2 dsc

338 730. SALIX,

SmirH: Koch joins both these, as well as
andersoniana, rupestris, ad forsteriana, fo
nigricans.

44. nigricans. Germen downy. (Stalk 2 or
3 times nectary. Style long. Stigmas cloven,
Koon.) (L. elliptico-lanceolate, crenate, with a
downy midrib above, glaucous beneath. Sta-
mens twice scales, Su.) (L. ovate, elliptic or
lanceolate, undulate, serrate, smooth at last.
Stip. semicordate, with a straight pomt, KocH.)
1S. 4. Hens, osier-grounds, and thickets.
Norf. Heref. Alps. Rhine. Dau. Hamb.

45. andersoniana. (Caps. 3 times breadth,
smooth. Stalk twice nectary, nearly equal to
scale, + germen, H. B.) Style long, cloven.
Stigma cloven. LL. elliptico-oblong, acute,
faintly crenato-dentate, glaucous beneath. Stip.
small, somewhat ovoid. Branches downy. 8S.
5, 6. Sides of streams. Breadalbane. New-
castle.

46. damascena. Catkin in flower ex-
ceeding floral L. Scales obovate. Germen
stalked, naked. Style divided, longer than di-
verging stigmas. Young Shoots densely hairy.
L. ovate or rhomboidal, bluntly toothed, silky
when young, at length nearly naked, green on
both sides. Stipules semicordate. SS. 4. s. Se.

47. forsteriana. (Caps. 4 times breadth,
silky, Stalk 4 times nectary, equal to scale,
+ germen, H. B.) Style somewhat cloven, as
long as emarginate stigma.- (Stem erect,
branched, downy. LL. elliptico-obovate, acu-
minate, crenate, somewhat downy, glaucous
beneath. Stipules vaulted, Su.) S&S. 5, 6.
Scot. Banks of Tyne. Heaton Deane.

48. rupestris. (Caps. 3 times breadth,
silky (or naked, Borr.). Stalk 3 times nec-
tary, equal to scale, 2 germen, EH. B.) Style
undivided. Stigma entire. (Stem trailing!
L. obovate, acute, serrate, flat, even, silky on

both sides. Stip. hairy. Branches downy.
s.8. 5. Rocks. Northumberland. Scot. —
SMITH.

49. petrzea. Caps. ovate, nearly sessile,
smooth or silky. (Style divided, as long as
stigmas. L. elliptico-oblong, serrate, rugose,
minutely hoary on the upper surface ; glaucous,
reticulate, and slightly hairy beneath. Stip.
large, H. B.) semicordate, serrate. Cathkin 4
im. to \ in. im length. &. 4,5. Somewhere
in Britain. The Stigmas in E. B. fig. are en-
tire, but are described as cloven.

*“‘Germen stalked, silky
Style longer than the

50. propinqua.
towards the point.

notched stigma. Plant erect. Young Shoots
minutely pubescent. lL. elliptic, obscurely
erenate, nearly flat, with shghtly sunken veins,
nearly naked on both sides, pale green beneath.
Stip. small, vaulted, glandulose. S. Britain.”
— Bas.

iii. Bicolores, BorrER. (Germen very silky,
HOOKER.)

51. tenuior. Catkin slender, lax.
stalk silky, shorter than acute scale. Style
longer than ovoid stigmas. L. on slender
stalks, obovato-lanceolate, acute, obscurely cre-
nate, flat, naked on both sides, glaucous be-
neath. Stip. acute, glandulose. S.5. Banks
of Lochy near Killin —BorRER.

52. laurina. (Fr. 3 or 4 times breadth.
Stalk 4 times nectary, 2 of obtuse, hairy scale,
4+ capsule. Style short. Stigma ovoid, H. B.)
L. elliptico-oblong, acute, waved and somewhat
serrate, nearly hairless, glaucous beneath. Stalk
dilated at base. Stipules pointed, serrate. S.
4,5. Woods and thickets.—SM.

53. laxiflora. “Cathkin loose. Germen
short, bluntish, naked in lower part. Style as
long as linear, divided stigma. Fr. 24 breadth.
Stalk 3 times nectary, 4 scale, 3 fruit. Plant
upright. Young Shoots slightly pubescent. L.
naked, flat, broadly ovate, narrowed at base,
slightly toothed, glaucescent beneath; upper
acute. Stip. small, concave. S.4. Breadal-
bane.” —BorrER.

Fruit-

54, phylicifolia. (Caps. 3 times breadth.
Stalks 3 times uectary, + of obtuse, silky scale,
+ silky germen, H. B.) Style long. Stigma
entire or cloven. lL. obovate or elliptico-lan-
ceolate: serratures often wavy, hairless, glau-
cous beneath. S.5. Breadalbane. Brocken.
Sudetes.

55. borreriana. Catkin lax, stalked, leafy.
Fr. 3 times breadth. Stalk twice nectary, +
of acute, shaggy scale, 2 germen. Stigma li-
near, cloven. L. broad lanceolate, with shal-
low, nearly equal serratures, hairless, glaucous
beneath. Stip. lanceolate, small. Branches
erect. S.4. High valleys. Glen Nevis and
Breadalbane.

56. davalliana. “Capsules lanceolate,
smooth or silky. Style as long as bipartite
stigma. Scales small, rounded. LL. obovato-
lanceolate, serrulate, tapering at each end,
smooth, somewhat glaucous beneath. S. 5.
Se.’—Sm.

57. tetrapla. Catkin stalked. “ Germen
ovato-oblong, smooth at base. Stalk equalling

AMENTACEA. 339

or exceeding scale, + germen.
as bipartite stigma. LL. elliptico- or obovato-
oblong, acuminate, unequally serrate, nearly
smooth; glaucous, and with prominent veins
beneath. Stip. semisagittate. &.5. Bread-
albane.”—Sm.

58. weigeliana. Germen subulate, silky,
at least towards the summit. Stalk 3 times
nectary, 2 scale, 2 germen. Style longer than
bipartite stigma. i. obovate or elliptic, some-
what acuminate, serrulate, smooth, glaucous
beneath, Stip. very small. Branches smooth.
S. 4, 5. Breadalb, Yorksh. Westm.—Borr.
Suspected to be the fertile plant of croweana,

59. tenuifolia. Caps. ovate, quite smooth.
Stalk very short, 3 times nectary, 3 scale, +
germen. Style longer than the thick, emar-
ginate stigma. LL. elliptico-oblong, often with
a twisted point, acute, serrate, nearly smooth,
glaucous beneath. Stip. small or none. Branches
downy. &. 5, 6. Rocky banks of rwers.
Kirby Lonsdale-—Sm.

60. mitens. “Germen 38 times breadth,
silky. Stalk hairy, shorter than scale. Style
longer than stigma. Scale 4 germen. L.
ovate or elliptic, acute, unequally serrate, mi-
nutely downy above (naked above, Bas.) ;
smooth and glaucous beneath. Stip. semiovate,
small and caducous. &. 4. Scotland.”’—Sm.

61. croweana. (Caps. ovate, downy. Style
long, Sm.) (Caps. nearly smooth, BoRRER.)
Fil. united. L. obovato-elliptic, somewhat ser-
rate, quite smooth, glaucous beneath. Stip.
semicordate. S. 4,5. Swampy meadows and
thickets. Norf. n. Eng.

62. bicolor. “Fil. bearded at base. L.
elliptic, green and shining above, smooth and
glaucous beneath. Serratures with oblique
points. Stip. lunate, serrate. S.5. Scot.”
— HOOKER.

63. phillyreifolia. “‘Germen smooth.
Stalk smooth; shorter than oblong, hairy scale.
Style as long as stigma. L. elliptico-lanceo-
late, strongly serrate, naked when fully ex-
panded, glaucous beneath. Stip. small. Young
Shoots pubescent. S.4. $c.”—Borr.

64. dicksoniana. Germen 14 breadth,
silky. Stalk equal to nectary (which is very
large), 2 scale, 2 germen. Style shorter than
ovoid, undivided stigma. LL. elliptic, acute,
slightly toothed, smooth, glaucous’ beneath.
Young Branches smooth. Catkins ovoid. &. A.
Highlands.—Hookerr, from H. B.

Style as long |

65. hastata. (Germen 4 times breadth,
smooth. Stalk equalling nectary, 4 scale,
+germen. Style long. Stigma small, undi-
vided, E. B.) (Stalk smooth. Catkin on a
leafy stalk, Kocu) ot so in EL. B. (shaggy,
Hooker.) L. broadly elliptic, toothed, waved,
thin, quite smooth, glaucous beneath. Stip.
large, semicordate. 8. 4. Sandy shores,
Barrie near Dundee. Mr. Borrer puts this
with anata in a separate section, depending
chiefly on the shaggy and silky catkins and the
paper-like substance of L.

66. glabra. Catkin stalked. Germen su-
bulate, on an ovate base. Stalk twice nectary.
Style long. Stigma bipartite. Stamens vil-
lous to above the middle. L. elliptic or obo-
vate, serrate, smooth, shining; glaucous be-
neath. Stipules gland-like or none. S. 6, 7.

| Moist slopes or mountain rivulets. Bav. Salzb.

Carn, Carinthia.—Kocu.

67. EXegetschweileri. ‘“ Catkins at last
on a leafy stalk. Caps. subulate on an ovate
base. Stalk tomentose, twice nectary. Style
long. Stigma bipartite. Fil. smooth. L. oval
or oblongo-obovate, serrulate; glaucous be-
neath. Stip. on the younger branches semi-
cordate, with a straight point as long as
L,-stalk. Scales permanently villous. &. 6, 7.
Mountain valleys. Sw.—Kocu.

G. ARENARIZ.

68. glauca. Caps. 12 breadth, very downy,
(full twice breadth, J. W.) Stigma nearly ses-
sile, cloven. L. ovato-lanceolate, entire, downy,
white and cottony beneath. s.S. Clova
Mountains. According to Babington, this is
not the 8. glauca of Linneus, or of Koch,
whose character I here add.—

glauca. “Catkin on a long, leafy stalk.
Caps. ovato-lanceolate, tomentose. Stalk equal-
ling nectary. Style cloven. Stigma long,
cloven. I. lanceolate or elliptic, quite entire,
grey beneath, silky on both sides, at last be-
coming smooth ; lower very obtuse. Stipules
ovate, acute, straight. S. 6,7. Very high.
s. Sw.”——Kocu.

69. arenaria. “Caps. 24 times breadth,
downy. Style very long. Stigma linear, often
entire. L. oblongo-lanceolate, entire, downy,
especially beneath. (Scales acute, H. B.) s.&.
6. Mountains. Breadalbane. Clova.’””—Hook.
Sudetes.

70. stuartiama. Caps. woolly, 22 times
breadth. Style long. Stigma capillary, deeply
divided. L. ovato-lanceolate, acute (sharp at

2% 2

340 730. SALIX.

each end, Borr.), nearly entire, shaggy above,
silky beneath. Scales acute. s.S.7. Moun-
taims. Se. These two form the Lapponum
of Koch. Babington also puts them together.

HI. Vaccinuroum. <Anthers yellow or
brown when empty. Catkins nearly ses-
sile. Stalks of Capsules shorter than
glands.—Hooxer. I find the Scales fre-
quently of one colour throughout.

71. pyrenaica. Fertile Catkins long, some-
what stalked. Germen ovate, tomentose, ses-
sile. Stem creeping. LL. obovate, obtuse, or
mucronulate, quite entire, nearly sessile, ciliate,
silky when young. s.S. Snowy. Pyr.—
Dusy. Query of this is not more allied to
retusa.

72. arbuscula. “ Catkins on leafy stalks.
Caps. ovoideo-conical, tomentose, sessile, after-
wards on a very short stalk. Style long, often
cloven to the middle. Stigma cloven. L.
lanceolate or ovate, acuminate, toothed, shining
above, glaucous beneath. s.S. 6,7. Alps.”
—Kocn.

73. vacciniifolia. (Catkins leafy, nearly
sessile. Germen 22 times breadth, sessile,
E.B.), silky. (Style short. Stigma cloven,
H.B.) L. lanceolato-ovate, serrate, smooth
above, glaucous and silky beneath when young.
Stems decumbent. s.S. 4 iz gardens, 6 on
mountaims. Highlands.

74. carinata. (Catkins on short, leafy
stalks. Germen 22 times breadth, H. B.),
sessile, very silky. Style very short. Stigmas
cloven. L. ovate, serrate, smooth, glaucous
beneath, often folded. s.S.6. Highlands.

75. prunifolia. Catkins hardly leafy. (Ger-
men 3 times breadth, H. B.), sessile, very
silky. Style short. Stigmas emarginate. L.
ovate, serrate, veiny, hairless, glaucous beneath.

s.S. 4-6. Highlands.
76. venulosa. (Catkins on short, leafy
stalks. Germen 22 times breadth, sessile,

E. B.) (silky. L. ovate, serrate, naked, reti-
culate, somewhat glaucous beneath. Stem
erect, Sm.) (Style very short. Stigma cloven,
E. B.) s.S. 4-6. Highlands. These five,
according to Babington, form the arbuscula
of Koch.

I. REPENTES.

77. myrtilloides. ‘“ Catkins on long, leafy
stalks. Scales hairless or ciliate. Caps. lanceo-
late, on an ovate base, smooth. Stalk 4 or 5
times neetary. Style short.

emarginate. L. cordato-ovate, oblong or lan-
ceolate, quite entire, dull, hairless, reticulate
beneath. Stip. semiovate. s.S. 5,6. Boggy.
Sil. Bav.”—Kocu.

78. ambigua. “ Catkins nearly sessile,
with small L. Caps. lanceolate, on an ovate
base. Stalk 3 or 4 times nectary. Style
short (more or less elongated, Hookrr). Stig-
mas ovoid, emarginate. LL. elliptico-obovate
(obovato-oblong, serrate towards the top,
HooKeER), or lanceolate; recurved, apiculate,
rugose, venose beneath, at first silky. Stip.
straight, semiovate. s.S. 4,5. Boggy mea-
dows. G.’—Kocu.

a. Stigmas nearly sessile. L. hairy or
silky. Epping Forest. Suffolk. Se.

B- Style long. L. oblong. Suff. Scot.
This is the spatulata of Willd., versi-
flora of Wahl., and, according to Fries,
the true fusca of Linneus.

79. fusea (repens of Koch). Catkins
nearly sessile, leafy. Caps. lanceolate, from an
ovate base. Stalk 3 or 4 times nectary. Style
moderate. Stigma ovoid, cloven. LL. oval,
elliptic or lanceolate, entire, or with minute
glandular serratures and a recurved point,
shining above, glaucous and silky beneath.
Caps. tomentose or hairless (very silky, Hoox-
ER). 38.8. Peaty heaths.

a. fusca. Catkins ovate, on short, some-
what leafy stalks. Stem erect.

B. repens. Catkins ovate, on short stalks,
hardly leafy. Germen 21 times breadth.
Stalk twice nectary, 2 scale, 4 germen.
Style short. Stem depressed.

y. prostrata. Catkins on leafy stalks.
Germen twice as long as broad, nearly
sessile. Stem prostrate. Style short.

5. adscendens. Catkins sessile, not leafy.
This is also foetida and parvifolia of
‘Eng. Botany?

e. mcubacea. L. elliptico-oblong.

stalked, ovate, acute.—BaB.

argentea. Fertile Catkins on long, leafy
stalks. Germen 4 times breadth. Stalk

4 times nectary, 3 scale, 2 germen.
These varieties are mostly made out from

Eng. Bot. The last differs im characters which

in other instances among the Willows are

deemed important.

Stip.

“ao

K. RosMARINIFOLI«.

80. doniana. “ Monadelphous. Catkins
erect, cylindrical, somewhat stalked in fruit,

Stigma ovoid, | and with small L. Caps. ovato-conical, tomen-

AMENTACE A,

tose. Stalk twice nectary (3 scale, + germen).
Style very short. Stigmas short, emarginate.
L. obovato-lanceolate, acute, straight at top,
serrate, shining above, and at first somewhat
silky beneath.” —Kocn. (Stip. linear. Branches
erect, Hooxnr.) s.S. 5. Scotland. Mar-
gins of moist meadows. (At Steinfurt in
Westphalia, Kocu.)

81. rosmarinifolia. “ Catkin of Fr.
nearly globular, on short, leafy stalks. (Caps.
3x times breadth.) Stalk 2 or 3 times nec-
tary, ($ scale, 2 germen, E. B.) Germen to-
mentose. Style short. Stigma ovoid (linear,
Hooxer), cloven. I. lineari-lanceolate, entire
or with a few glandular teeth, straight at the
top; silky beneath. Stip. lanceolate. Stem
erect. s.S.4. Se.? Boggy meadows. ux.
G.”—Kocu.

82. angustifolia. Catkins ovate (cylin-
drical, KocH), erect, (on a short, leafy stalk,
E. B.) (silky or smooth, Kocu). Caps. 2 or
3 times breadth. Stalk + scale, + germen,
(2 or 3 times nectary, Kocu,) (shorter than
the nectary, EH. B.) (Style about as long as
stigma, HooxEer) (very short, E. B.) Stig-
mas ovoid (cloven, Kocn) (entire, Hookur
and E. B.) — L. lineari-lanceolate, with a
straight acumen, silky beneath when young.
Margin somewhat revolute, with a few glandu-
lar teeth. Stip. lanceolate. s.S.4. Boggy

meadows. wu, Germany. lower Austria. Carn.
Carin. Clova.
Seor. II. Catkins terminal.

L. Myrsinires. Cathkins really or appa-
rently terminal, BABINGTON.

83. czesia. Stalk of Catkin short, leafy.
Germen ovato-conical, tomentose, nearly ses-
sile. Style various. Stigma ovato-oblong,
entire or cloven. LL. elliptic or lanceolate,
acuminate, quite entire, hairless, glaucous and
dull on both sides. Margin revolute——Kocu.
S. 6,7. Very high. Hnzandaz near Bex.
L doubt of this should not rather be placed
with Vacciniifolie.

84. jacquiniana. Stalk of Catkin long,
equalling catkin, leafy at base. Germen lan-
ceolate, acuminate, on an ovate base, nearly
sessile, villous. Style long. Stigma linear,
entire, or cloven. LL. elliptic or lanceolate,
reticulato-venose, green and shining on both
sides, quite entire, at last hairless, except for
the cilia. Differs from Sp. 85 only in its
entire L. &.6,7. High. G. Alps.

$5. myrsinites. Catkins on long stalks,
leafy only at the base. Germen 3 times breadth

{
|
\

341

(4 times, Ei. B.), sessile, woolly, at last smooth.
Style long (none, H. B.). Stigma linear, entire
or cloven. L. elliptic or lanceolate, reticulato-
venose, green and shining on both sides, at
last smooth. Margin with glandular serratures.
s.S. 6,7. High and moist. Sw. Sty. Highlands.

86. procumbens. Catkins on leafy stalks.
Stalk twice nectary, 4 scale, + germen. Ger-
men 4 times breadth, nearly sessile, lanceolate,
silky. Style very short, bipartite. Stigma short,
cloven, obtuse. lL. oval, sometimes acute, cre-
nate, somewhat serrate, shining, quite smooth.
s.S. 6. Mountains. Se.

WL. REtIcuLAT2.

87. reticulata. Caps. ovate, nearly sessile,
downy. Style short. Stigma cloven. IL. on
long stalks, elliptico-orbicular, reticulate and
glaucous beneath ; at last smooth. Margin re-
volute, entire. w.6,7. High moist rocks.
Se. Alps. Pyr.

W. GuaciALes.

88. lanata. Catkin without bracts, sessile,
clothed with long, yellow, silky hairs. Ger-
men lanceolate, nearly sessile (oblong, quite
sessile, Sm.), hairless. Stigma undivided.
(Style as long as germen, 4 times as long as
the blunt, divided stigmas, Sm.) (Barren FI.
from lateral buds, Sm.) LL. broad, oval, acu-
minate, entire, shaggy, glaucous beneath. s.S.
5. Head of Glen of Dole, Angusshire.

89. retusa. Caps. twice breadth, ovato-
conical, smooth. Stalk 2 scale, 2 capsule,
equalling nectary. Style forked, moderate.
Stigma cloven, oblongo-linear. L. on short
stalks, obovate or oblongo-cuneate, quite
smooth, very entire ; veins parallel, prominent.
s.S. 7,8. High rocky. Alps.—Kocu.

90. herbacea. Caps. 24 times breadth.
Stalk shorter than uectary. Style short.
Stigma cloven. LL. suborbicular, serrate, re-
ticulate, hairless, shining on both sides. w.
7,8. High. Should not this go near S.
myrsinites? Scales in general slightly darker
towards the tip, ciliate, otherwise hairless.
In barren specimens from the Brecon Van
they are not at all darker, and the Fil. seem
united.

731. POPULUS.

A. Stamens 8.

1. alba. L. subrotundo-ovate, angulato-
dentate, downy and very white beneath.
Young Shoots white and cottony. Scales of
the fertile Catkin lanceolate, crenate at top.
Stigmas 4. LD. 4. Morst clay.

342

2. canescens. L. subrotundo-ovate, an-
gulato-dentate, hoary beneath. Shoots cottony,
whitish. Scales of fertile Catkin cloven at
top. Stigmas 8. L'P. 3,4. Most gravel or
sand.

3. tremula. L. nearly orbicular, dentato-
sinuate. Root-shoots hairy; upper smooth.
Scales of fertile Catkin digitate, incise. Stig-
mas 4, auricled. s.0. 3,4. Moist woods.

B. Stamens 12-30. Shoots all smooth.

4. nigra. L. triangular, acuminate, serrate ;
angles rounded; margin smooth. Branches
spreading. Stigmas4. LT. 4. Wet banks.

Besides these, we have, planted in public
walks and on road-sides, P. pyramidalis or
dilatata, the common Lombardy Poplar, with
erect branches, and P. monilifera, with a
downy margin to the L., both in this division.

Tribe ITI. BHTULINEZ.
732. BETULA.

1. alba. L. deltoideo-ovate, acute, doubly
serrate. Catkin of Fr. pendulous. Wing
twice as broad as seed, and reaching to extre-
mity of stigmas. (Fr. shorter than the rounded
membranous margin, Bas.) T.4,5. Sandy
or gravelly woods.

2. pubescens. “I. ovate or rhombic
(cordato-ovoid, BaB.), acute or acuminate,
doubly serrate. Catkin of Fr. pendulous.
Wing as broad as seed, and reaching to its ex-
tremity. (Fr. broadly obovate, as long as
rounded membranous margin, Bas.) 'T. 4, 5.
Wet and boggy.’—Kocu.

3. intermedia. “lL. subrotundo-ovate,
acutely and somewhat doubly serrato-crenate.
Catkin of Fr. stalked. Stalk full 4 as long as
catkin. Scales trifid: lateral Div. shorter
and broader than the middle. Wing usually
as wide as seed. SS. 5,6. Bogs. Jura.’—
Kocu.

4. humilis. “L. subrotundo-ovate, un-
equally and acutely crenato-serrate. Catkin of
Fr. erect, much longer than its stalk. Scales
trifid. Div. nearly equal. Wing half width of
seed. &.4. Boggy. Upper Swabia. Salzb.
n. e. G.’—Koca.

5. nana. L. nearly round, obtusely crenate.
Cathkin of Fr. erect, sessile. Scales trifid. Div.
nearly equal. Wing half width of seed. s.S.
Sw. G. Se.

bk

5. Cold mountain bogs.

731. POPULUS.

733. ALNUS.

l. viridis. Perianth of barren FI. of 3
L. Seeds with broad membranous margins.
L. ovate, acute, with sharp double serratures,
one-coloured, hairy in the veins beneath. S.
5,6. Granite. Alps.”—Kocu.

2. cordifolia. Seeds with a narrow, dis-
tinct, but not membranous margin. L. cor-
date, serrate. T.5. Woods. Nap.

3. pubescens. Perianth of barren FI,
4-cleft. Seeds with a thin edge, but without
a distinct margin. L. subrotund or obovate,

crenato-serrate, green on both sides. LS. 3.
Moist. Boh. Carlsruhe.—Kocu. ‘
4. imecana. Perianth 4-cleft. Seeds not

margined. LL. ovate, acute, with sharp double
serratures, glaucous and somewhat downy be-

neath. 1.8. 2,3. Sides of streams. Alps.
e. Ger. Hartz. Apenn.
5. glutinosa. Perianth 4-cleft. Seeds

not margined. L. subrotund, very blunt, cu-
neate at base, hairless except on the axils of the
veins beneath. s.T. 3,4. Wet.

Tribe IV. PLATANE.
734. PLATANUS.

l. orientalis. L. palmate: divisions lan-
ceolate, sinuate. Stip. nearly entire. 1.7.
Introduced for ornament, but wild in the
woods at Nicastro in Cal., and in those of the
s. and e. of Sic.

2. cuneata. ‘‘L. 3-5-lobed, dentate, ex-
tensively cuneate at base, at last hairless.
s.T.’—Wiuip. “Torrent of Staffoh in the
Cilento, Lucania.”—TEN.

3. acerifolia. “L. cordate, 5-lobed, re-
motely toothed, truncate (not cuneate) at base.
Nerves branching on the edge of the L. 1.8.”
—Wiip. “ Woods of Abruzzi.”—TrEn.

We find also in public walks P. occzdentalis,
with 5-angular L., hardly lobed, and a cuneate
base.

Tribe V. MYRICEA.
735. MYRICA.

1. Gale. L. somewhat cuneato-lanceolate ;
upper part serrate. Scales of the Catkin acu-
minate. s.8.5. Bogs.

343

XCV. CONIFER.

Flowers separate.

Barren, with 1 Stamen, or several

Stamens with united Filaments,

collected into a deciduous Catkin, Fertile Flowers solitary or in cones. Ovules naked, pitcher-
like, open at top; or in a scale-like Carpel arising from the axil of a bract, or inserted in the

base of the scales of a catkin.
2 or more, verticillate.

736. EPHEDRA.

1. distachya. Barren Catkins in stalked
clusters; fertile 1-3, on opposite stalks. s.S.
5, 6. Sandy shores. s. ¥r.s. It. rocks. Vall.
s. Tyrol.

2. nebrodensis. “Stems twisted: joints
somewhat separating. Branches slender, crowd-
ed. All Catkins sessile: darren solitary, or
several together; ferdede solitary, opposite, or
scattered. w.5,6. Stony hills. Madonie.
occ.” —Guss.

3. fragilis. (Stems climbing, Guss.) Joints
easily separating. Branches numerous. Bar-
ren Catkins numerous, crowded, sessile ; fertile
sometimes solitary, on short stalks. w. 4,5.
Sandy shores. Girgenti.

737. TAXUS.

1. baccata. IL. in two ranks, crowded,
linear, acute. Fertile flowers axillary, sessile.
1. evergreen'T. 3, 4. Hill woods. Eng.
Norm. Jura. Abr. Alps.

738. JUNIPERUS.

A. L. widely spreading.

1. nana. LL. 3 in a whorl, ineurved,
lineari-lanceolate, pungent, channeled, and ob-
tusely keeled. Berry ovoid, equalling the L.
s.S. 7, 8. Rocky mountaims. Alps. Boh.
Sicily.

2. communis. LL. 3 ina whorl, linear,
somewhat pungent, channeled, obtusely keeled.
Berry hardly half as long as L. S.5. Dry
heaths.

3. Oxycedrus.~ L. 3 ina whorl, with 2
furrows above, and an acute keel beneath, pun-
gent, ascending. Differs from Species 4 in
having a much smaller, and shining red fruit.
—Kocn. s.T. Abr. Garg. mdt. Fr. Istr.

4. macrocarpa. L. 3 in a whorl, linear,
acuminate, pungent, with 2 furrows above, and
an acute keel below. Fr. ovate or globose,

In Ephedra they are surrounded by an involucrum. Cotyledons

pruinose, as long as or longer than L.—Kocu.
LS. 5. Fiume. K. Nap. Rome.

5. Keobelii. L. 3 in a whorl, lineari-subu-
late, pungent, with 2 furrows above, and an
obtuse keel beneath. Fr. oval, attenuate, ex-
ceeding L. SS. 12,1. Sandy shores. s. and
e. Sicily.

B. Leaves closely tiled.

6. turbinata. L. ovate, all tiled in 4 rows,
with an oblong furrow on the back: the
younger somewhat acute, approximate. Berry
top-shaped and tubercled. S. 10,11. Sandy
and rocky shores. Monte Allegro. Secciara.
Sicily.

7. phoenicea. L. ovate, tiled in 6 rows
(4, Guss.), with a furrow on the back. Berries
spreading, spherical, brownish-red. 8S. 5.
Shores of Mdt.—Kocu.

8. Sabina. LL. rhomboid or lanceolate,
acute, tiled in 4 rows, with a gland on the
back. Berrries on a recurved stalk, blue. S.
4,5. Mountains. Vall. s. Tyr. Cal.

CuPRESSUS.

Cupressus sempervirens, with branches 4-
edged, erect ; L. obtuse, tiled in 4 rows; Cone
nearly globose, with umboid, pointless scales,
is frequent in public walks in s. Europe.

739. PINUS.

A. L. in pairs.
1. halepensis. Cones of a year old cer-
nuous, on stalks as long as themselves. Shield
of a mature cone slightly convex. Wing at

least twice as long as nut. L. filiform. Branches
spreading. @. 3. Coasts. mdt. Fr. It.

2. sylvestris. Cones of the year cernu-
ous, stalked. Shield of a mature cone with
sharp edges; point somewhat deflexed. Wing
2 or 3 times nut. IL. glaucous. Buds ovate,
prolonged. 1'P.5. Mountain woods.

3. Mughus. Cones of the year erect.
Stalk short. Shield of mature cone with a hori-

3.44. 739. PINUS.

zontal edge; point somewhat deflexed. Wing 2
or 3 times nut. Lower Buds oblong, obtuse,
or abruptly acute. T.5. Mountains, chiefly
calc. G. Sw. Dau.

a. wliginosa. Anerect Tree. Boggy val-
Leys.

B. humilis. Ascending, branched from base.
e. Ger.

4. Ibaricio. Cones of the year erect.
Stalk very short. Shield of mature cone con-
vex. Wing 3 times nut. Lower Buds acumi-
nate. 1.1.5. Woods, chiefly calc. e. G. Cors.

5. umcinata. Cones of the year erect, on
short stalk. Shield of mature cone witha
long, recurved beak. Wing 3 times nut. Lower
Buds oblong, obtuse, or abruptly acute. s.T.
6,7. High. Sw. Alps. Pyr.

6. maritima. Cones of the year spread-
ing, nearly sessile. Shields of mature cones
with a sharp, projecting, horizontal edge;
point not deflexed. Wing 2 or 3 times nut.
Scales of lower Buds squarrose! 'T’. 4. Coasts
of Mdt. Fr. and It.

7. Pinea. Cones of year nearly erect.
Stalk short. Shield of mature cones convex,

not angular. Wing not half as long as aut.

Scales of lower Buds squarrose! 1.7. 5.
Coasts. Mat.
B. L. 3-5 in each sheath.
8. Cembra. Cones ovoid, nearly sessile.

Scales spreading at top. No Shield. Nuts
wingless. L. 3-edged. 'T.6. High. Alps.

9. Strobus. Cones drooping, oblongo-
cylindrical, exceeding L. Scales lax! L.
slender. Sheaths deciduous. T&T. 5, 6. Some-
times planted in woods.

C. All L. solitary, evergreen.

10. pectinata. L. emarginate, with 2
white lines beneath, pectinate. Scales of the
erect Cone very blunt, adpressed. 1.7. 5.
Mountain woods. Ger. Fr. Sw. It.

ll. Abies. LL. compressed, somewhat 4-
edged, mucronate. Cones cylindrical, pendu-
lous. Scales eroso-denticulate. 1.7.5. Moun-
tain woods.

D. L. fascicled and solitary, deciduous.

12. Garix. L. somewhat channeled. Cones
ovoid, erect. Scales very obtuse, lax at the
top. LT.5. Mountaim woods. Alps. Ger.

345

MONOCOTYLEDONES.

XCVI. HYDROCHARIDEA.

Sepals 3, herbaceous.
3-6. Fruit not bursting.

740. STRATIOTES.
1. aloides. L. ensiformi-triangular, acu-

leato-ciliate. p. 7, 8. Stagnant water. Bord.
Belg. n. and e. G. e. Eng.

741. HYDROCHARIS.

1. Morsus-Ranz. L. floating, reniform.
p. 7,8. Stagnant.

Petals 3, regular, coloured. Ovary inferior.
Albumen 0. Flowers dicecious.

Seeds many. Styles

742. UDORA.

1. occidentalis. lL. lanceolato-linear,
straight, serrulate, with a fine mucro. p. 9.
Damschen See near Stettin, Pom. Leicester-
shire.

743. VALLISNERIA.

1. spiralis. All L. radical, grass-like.
Rhone near Arles. Canal of Lang. Lakes of
Guarda and Lucarno.

XCVIT. ALISMACEZ.

Sepals 3, herbaceous.
Style, and with 1 or 2 seeds.

Petals 3, regular.

744. ALISMA.

1. Plantago. L. ovate, acute. Caps. ob-
tuse, disposed in an obtuse triangle round a
centre. p. 7,8. Water.

B. lanceolatum. I. lanceolate.

y. graminifolium. Nearly all L. linear,
floating.

2. ranunculoides. UL. lineari-lanceolate.

Caps. numerous, angular, acute, in a globular
head. p. 8. Wet. oce.

B. repens. Caps. compressed.

3. natans. L. ovate or oblong. Root-L.
linear, sessile. Caps. 6-12, striate, rostrate.
p. 6-8. Still water. Wales. Cumberland.
m. and w. Fr. n. and w. G. Smith considers
the root-L. as mere L.-stalks.

4. parnassifolium. L. exactly cordate,
9-nerved. Caps. terminated by the long per-
manent style. p.6, 7. Still water. Dau.
Berlin. Mecklenburg. Boh. Pdm.

5. Damasonium. UL. cordato-oblong.

2 ¥

Fruit not bursting.

Ovaries 3-6, superior, each terminating in a

a

Caps. 6, 3-edged, subulate, acuminate, dis-
posed inastar. p.5,6. Pools, occ. Not
wn Ger.

745.°SAGITTARIA.

1. sagittifolia. L. deeply sagittate : lobes
lanceolate, straight. Scape simple. Fl. im
whorls. p. 6,7. Stagnant. m. Hur.

746. BUTOMUS.

1. umbellatus. Scape supporting a brac-
teate Umbel of many purplish flowers. p.
6-8. Stell water.

747. SCHHUCHZERIA.

1. palustris. L. semicylindrical, obtuse,
with a minute pore on the upper side at the
tip. p.5,6. Bogs. Yorksh. Vosges. G.

748. TRIGLOCHIN.

1. palustre. Caps. nearly linear, of 3

346

cells, tapering at the base. Valves acuminate.
Root fibrous, with hardly any bulb. L. chan-
neled. p. 6,7. Moist and boggy meadows.

2. laxiflorum. Bulb ovate, closely co-
vered with anastomosing fibres. Caps. conoi-
deo-subulate, 3-celled. Valves obtuse. L. flat.
p. 9-11. Mountain meadows and sea-shore.
Sic. Cors. Var. of Sp. 3?

748. TRIGLOCHIN.

3. Barrelieri. Bulbs clustered, oblong.
L. semicylindrical, channeled. Caps. conico-
subulate, 3-celled, striate. Valves obtuse. p.
4,5. Salt marshes. Wt. w. Fr.

4. maritimum. L. semicylindrical. Caps.
ovate, of 6 cells. p. 6,7. Salé marshes.

XCVIII. ERIOCAULEA.

Flowers separate in the same head.
Ovary superior, 2-3-celled. Ovules solitary.
Seeds coated with wings or rows of hair.

749. ERIOCAULON.

l. septangulare. Scape 7-edged. L.

Perianth glumaceous, 2-6-partite.

Stamens 2-6.

Dehiscence of Capsule between the partitions.

acuminate, cellular. Barren Flowers of 1 pe-

tal and 4 anthers. p. 8. Peaty lakes. Skye.

Connemara.

XCIX. POTAMEAL.

Flowers complete (except in Zannichellia).

Perianth inferior, 4-parted, or 0. Stamens 1,

2, or 4. Ovaries 1 or 4, distinct, each crowned with the pistil, and containing 1 seed. Fruit

not bursting. No Albumen.

750. POTAMOGETON.

“The fruit of Potamogeton shrivels vari-
ously, and puts on different appearances in
drying. It is, therefore, the fresh fruit which
is to be attended to, and which is always meant
in the following descriptions, unless the con-
trary is mentioned.”—Kocu (whom I have
generally followed in this genus).

A. L. all stalked; uppermost opposite,
floating.
i. Flower-stalks in the axils of the coria-
ceous floating leaves only. Sp. 1-5.
ii. Flower-stalks also in axils of submersed
L. Sp. 6-11.
B. L. all similar, alternate, membranous, not
floating on the surface.

i. L. lanceolate or broader. Sp. 12-18.
ii. L. linear or narrower.
a. Stipules free. Sp. 19-24.

b. Stipules joined to L. Sp. 25-27.

C. 1. all similar and opposite. Sp. 28.

A. Lower L. alternate; uppermost opposite,
floating, coriaceous: all stalked.

i. Mlower-stalks from floating L. only.

1. natans. Fr. about 2 lines long, round
at back. Floating L. ovate or elliptic. Stalk
flat, or hollow on upper surface. Lower L.
very narrow, sometimes setaceous (perishing
before the flowering, Kocu). p.6,7. Still
water. According to Koch, all the L. are
stalked. Sm. says that the lower are sessile.

2. oblongus. Fr. about 1 line long. Back
round. Floating L. elliptico-oblong; (upper
somewhat cordate, Kocu.) Stalk flat, or hol-
low on upper surface. Lower L. lineari-lan-
ceolate (remaining at time of flowering, Kocn).
p. 7. Boggy.

3. fluitans. Edges of Fr. subacute. Float-
ing L. oval, or oblongo-lanceolate, without a
fold at the base. Stalks convex above. Fruit-
stalk cylindrical. p. Rivers. Sw. northern
Rhine. According to Nolte, the Spike-stalh is
thickened and hollow ; but this is not admit-

' ted by Koch.

POTAMEA.

4. spatulatus. Hdges of Ir. acute. Sub-
mersed L. very attenuate into a long stalk.
Floating L. ovali-oblong, protracted at the
base. p. 7, 8. Clear streams. (aisersleu-
ten and Zweibriicken. Bitche, Lorr.

5. plantagineus. LHdges of Fr. obtuse.
All L. stalked and membranous, smooth on
margin. Submersed L. lanceolate. Floating
L. somewhat cordate. Spike-stalks cylindrical.
p. 7, 8. Stagnant. Westphalia. Rhine.

ii. Lower L. permanent ; upper floating, not
always present till late in the summer.
Llower-stalks from both.

6. rufescens. Hdges of Fr. acute. Sub-
mersed L. lanceolate, sessile, somewhat obtuse.
Margin smooth. Floating L. semewhat coria-
ceous, obovate, tapering into a stalk shorter
than itself. Spike-stalk cylindrical. p. 7, 8.
Still water. G.

7. variifolius. Submersed L. lineari-lan-

ceolate, somewhat cuspidate: margin smooth.
Floating L. lanceolate, tapering into stalk.
Spike-stalk cylindrical. p.7. Streams. Gasc.,
THORE. Quimper, J. W.

8. lanceolatus. ‘“ Submersed L. lanceo-
late, sessile, narrowed at both ends, entire, not
apiculate. Floating L. somewhat coriaceous,
elliptico-lanceolate. Stip. lineari-lanceolate,
acute ; uppermost broader. Fr.-stalk cylindri-
eal. Submersed L. with chain-like reticula-
tions near the midrib. p. 7, 8. Small streams.
Anglesea. Sc.”—Bas.

9. heterophyllus. LHdges of Fr. obtuse.
Submersed L. lanceolate, margin rough ; lower
sessile. Floating L. ovate or lanceolate, on
long stalks. Spike-stalks thicker upwards.
Lower L. lanceolate, recurved. p. Still
water, G.

B. graminifolius. ULower lL. lanceolato-li-
near, attenuate at both ends.

y. Zizi. Much larger than the preceding.
L., especially the upper, obtuse, mucro-
nate. Margin undulate.

10. nitens. Fr. keeled when dry. Sub-
mersed L. rounded at base and semiamplexi-
caul; rough on margin. Floating L. elliptie,
attenuate. Spike-stalk somewhat thicker up-
wards. p.7, 8. Stell. n.G.

a. salicifolius. Submersed L. lineari-lan-

ceolate, straight.

B. heterophyllus. Submersed L. lanceo-
late or ovato-lanceolate, recurved.

11. augustanus. “ Lower L. broadly lan-
2

ra]

Y

347

ceolate, stalked ; upper lineari-lanceolate, ses-
sile, acuminate : all pellucid, 5—7-nerved, and
veiny. Spike on a very long stalk. p. 7, 8.
Aosta.”’—Brrr. Koch unites this to hetero-
phyllus ; from which, however, and all others,
at seems essentially to differ, in its broad and
stalked lower L., and narrower sessile upper.
It is not clear from Bert. that it has any
floating L.

B. All L. submersed. Floral L. opposite ;
all others alternate.
i. L. lanceolate or broader.

12. lucens. Hdges of Fr. obtuse, with a
slight keel. L. stalked, lanceolate, cuspidate.
Margin rough. Spike-stalk thickened up-
wards. p.7, 8. Water.

13. longifolius of Gay. “L. pellucid,
long lanceolate, narrowed below, quite entire,
apiculate. Stip. winged. Fr. wxknown. Spike-
stalk very long, swelling upwards. Spikes
with a few subverticillate distant flowers. p.
8. Deep water. Loch Corrib.”—Bas.

14. siculus. ‘“ L. oblongo-lanceolate, at-
tenuate at each end, stalked; lower alternate :
all smooth on margin. Stip. intrafoliaceous,
amplexicaul, acute. Spikes and Stalks slender.
Stalks much exceeding L. p. 5, 6. Pools.
Gurgo di Caccaci.””—Guss.

15. decipiens. L. all pellucid, ovate or
oblong, rounded at base, sessile, mucronate,
not hood-like at top. Margin smooth. Spike-
stalks cylindrical. Fr. unknown. p. 7, 8.
Rivers. Hamb. Holst. :

16. przelongus. Fr. with a winged keel.
L. oblong or lanceolate, rounded at base, am-
plexicaul, hooded at the tip, obtuse: margin
smooth. Spike-stalk cylindrical. p. 7, 8.
Still. un. G. Sw. Carn. Eng.

17. perfoliatus. Edges of Fr. obtuse.
L. cordato-amplexicaul, rough on margin. yp.
7, 8. Ponds and rivers.

18. crispus. Fr. compressed, rostrate. (L.
lanceolate, rather obtuse, wavy, serrate, Sm.)
(L. linear-oblong, obtuse, with acumen, Kocu.)

Spike-stalks cylindrical. p.6, 7. Water.
ii. DL. linear or narrower, sessile. Stem much
branched.

a. Stipules separate from leaf.

19. acutifolius. Stem compressed, winged.
L. cuspidate, with 3-5 parallel nerves and nu-
merous finer intermediate ones. Spikes subro-
tund, 6-flowered, nearly as long as stalk. p.
7,8. Stell water. G. occ. s. Eng.

2

a

848 750. POTAMOGETON.

20. obtusifolius (gramineum of Smith).
Stem compressed: margin rounded. L. mu-
cronulate, 8—5-nerved, without intermediate
parallel veins. Spike 6—-8-flowered, as long as
stalk. p. 7,8. Lakes and ponds. G. oce.
Eng. rare.

21. compressus (cuspidatum of Sm.).
L. mucronate, many-nerved, of which 3 or 5
are stronger: lateral nerves approaching mar-
gin. Stem compressed, somewhat winged.
Spike 10-15-flowered, shorter than its stalk.
p. 7, 8. . Still. Yorksh. Se. G.

22. pusillus. Stem nearly round. L.
somewhat acute, mucronulate, with 3-5 equi-
distant nerves. Spike 4—8-flowered, inter-
rupted, 4 or 4 as long as stalk. Fr. obliquely
elliptic. p.7, 8. Stzll water.

a. I. nearly a line broad, compressed.— Su.
B. L. about + line broad.

y. tenmssimus. LL. very narrow.

23. zosterzefolius. Stem flattened. L.
linear, acuminate, with 3 principal nerves,
and close parallel intermediate ones. Spikes
cylindrical, on long stalks. Fr. obovoid,
keeled. Style terminal. p.6. Rivers and
lakes. e. Sec—Bas. Koch unites this with
P. compressus.

24. trichoides. Stem nearly round. L.
setaceo-linear, acuminate, 1-nerved, veinless.
Stalk 2 or 3 times as long as 4-8-flowered
spike. Fr. semiglobose. p. 7, 8. Water.
Sil. Berlin. Bremen.

b. L. linear, all alternate, with sheath at
base, united to stipules. Stem much
branched.

25. marinus. [Fr., when dry, rounded on
the back. L. lineari-setaceous, acute, 1-nerved,
with thick cross veins. Spikes on long stalks.
p. 7, 8. Salt marshes. G. rare. Eng.

26. pectinatus. Fr., when dry, obtusely
triangular on the back. L. lineari-setaceous,
acute, 1-nerved, with thick cross ves. Spikes
on long stalks. p. 7, 8. Stil water.

27. zosteraceus. lr. large, rounded on
the back, but with a prominent keel when dry.
L. linear, acuminate, 3-nerved, with connect-
ing vems. Lateral Nerves near the margin.
p. 7. Still water. Serpentine in Hyde Park.
—Bas.

C. All L. similar, opposite.
28. densus. L. lanceolate, amplexicaul.

Spikes on short stalks, recurved after flow-
ering. Dry Fr. rostrate, compressed, with a
broad keel. p. 7,8. Water.
B. oppositifolius, DuBy ; serratum, LINN.
L. triangulari-ovate.
y. lancifolius, DC.; setaceum, Linn. L.
very narrow.

751. RUPPIA.

1. maritima. Cells of the Anthers (sac-
cult) oblong. Fr. ovate, erect, somewhat ob-
lique at base. p. 7, 8. Stagnant water im
salt marshes.

2. rostellata. Cells of the Anthers nearly
globose. Fr. curved, ascending from an obtuse
base. p. 8,9. Ditches in salt marshes.

3. spiralis. “ Differs from vostellata in
the very long Fl.-stalks, which afterwards be-
come closely spiral at the base.” — Gay.
I have no further description.

752. ZANNICHELLIA.

1. polycarpa. ['r. nearly sessile, four times
as long as style. p.7-9. Sea. n.G.

2. palustris. Fr. on short stalks, twice as
long as style. p. 7-9. Fresh water.

3. pedicellata. Fr. on pretty long stalks,
as long as slender style. p. 7-9. Brackish
water. un. G.

7538. NATAS.

1. major. L. linear, repando-dentate. Teeth
mucronate. Sheaths quite entire. Cal. of
barren flower 2-lobed. a. 8,9. Still water.
G. occ. Fr.

2. minor. L. narrow linear, recurved, den-
tate. Sheaths ciliate, denticulate. Cal. 0. a.
8,9. Stell water. G. oce. Fr.

3. alagnensis. “LL. in whorled bundles,
linear, straight, soft, mucronate, denticulate.
Sheath of L. with a single tooth on each side.
6,7. Ditches. Alagna in Ticino.”—Pott.

4, flexilis. LL. narrow linear, finely mu-
cronulate, denticulate. Sheaths ciliato-denti-
culate. a. 8, 9. Lakes in a sandy sovt.
Binowschensee near Stettin.

754, CAULINIA.

1. oceanica. L. long, linear, entire, ob-

POTAMEZ:, 349
tuse. Stip. intrafoliaceous, very short, trun- | 7, 8. Jn the sea, on sand. Isl. of Nor-
cate. Flowers under water. Sea or sandy | derney. Poole. Chichester ereek.
shores. Mat. é ‘ . q

3. nodosa. ‘“ Monecious. Stem exten-

755. ZOSTERA.

1. marina. Monecious. Anthers sessile.
L. 3-nerved. Stalk of Sheath broader up-
wards. Seeds striate. p. 8. In sandy or

muddy creeks.

2. mana. Monecious. Stalk of Sheath of
even breadth. L. l-nerved, not exceeding
length of a finger. Seeds sessile, striate. p.

sively creeping, somewhat 2-edged, not thick-
ened at the joinings, covered by the sandy
mud. L, 2-12 in. long, emarginate, nerved ;
lower quickly perishing. p. 7. Sea and salt
pools. Sic.”—Guss.

756. PHUCAGROSTIS.

1. major.
p. 7. Muddy shores.

Stem creeping. LL. grass-like.
s. Fr. Sic.

C. LEMNACEA.

Frond floating, without distinction of stem or leaf. Flowers from the margin. Anthers 2.

Fruit bladdery, not bursting.
757. LEMNA.

l. trisulea. Fronds lanceolate, serrate at
top, transversely proliferous. Fil. recurved,
filiform. a. 6 (4,5, Kocn). Stagnant.

2. minor. Fronds obovate, nearly flat on
both sides, proliferous. Root solitary. a. 6,
7 (4, 5, Kocw). Stagnant.

3. arrhiza. Fronds elliptic or subrotund,

convex beneath, without roots.

a. Stagnant.
Fr. Spa. Cors.

4. polyrrhiza. I'ronds obovate, subrotund.
Roots numerous, clustered. Fil. narrowed
below. a. 4,5. Stagnant.

5. gibba. Fronds obovate, convex above,
hemispherical beneath. Root solitary. a. 6,
7. Stagnant.

CI. ORCHIDEA.

Filaments and Style united into a common column. Anther 1, composed of 2 separate

parts, each of a single cell; or 2 in Cypripedium.
generally of a different form and larger, in some genera with a posterior spur, or bag.

inferior, opening by 3 longitudinal cletts.
758. LIMODORUM.

1. abortivum. Leafless. Scales sheath-
ing. Label ovate, undulate. p.5,6. Dry
thickets. w.ands. Kur. Scattered.

2. sphzerolabium. “‘ Bulbsfasciculate, fili-
form. Stem scaly, nearly leafless. Bracts
shorter than germen. Sep. and Pet. nearly
equal in length, the latter narrower. Label
rounded (not ovate or elliptic), somewhat un-
dulate, narrowest at base, channeled. Spur
cylindrical, as long as germen. Bonifacio.”—
VIVIANI.

759. EPIPOGIUM.

1. Gmelini. Leafless. Scales sheathing.

Sepals 3, usually coloured. Petals 3; one
Caps.

Fl. few, drooping. p. 7, 8. Mountain woods,
on rotten wood. rare. G. Se. Fr.

760. ORCHIS.

A. Label coiled in the bud! Sp. 1.

B. Germen twisted. Glands in a pouch,
united. Sp. 2.
GC. Germen twisted. Glands in a pouch, or
fold of the stigma, not united.
i. Tubers simple.
a. Label undivided, dentate. Sp. 3-6.
b. Label 3-lobed: lateral divisions as

broad as undivided middle. Sp.
1, 8:

350 760. ORCHIS.

c. Label 3-lobed: middle much largest
and divided, monkey-like.
* Sepals united at base.
+ Legs as long as body. Sp. 9-12.
+7 Legs much shorter than body.
Sp. 13-18.
** Sepals free. Sp. 19-21.

d. Label 3-lobed: lateral segments
broad; middle truncato-emarginate.

* Bracts with a single nerve. Sp. 22
—27.

** Bracts many-nerved, not veiny.
28-33.

*** Bracts veiny. Sp. 34, 35.
ii. Tubers palmate. Sp. 36-39.
D. Glands naked; otherwise as ©.
i. Spur slender.

a. Tubers palmate. Sp. 40, 41.
b. Tubers entire. Sp. 42, 43.
ii. Spur pouch-like. 44-47.

E. Label uppermost, the germen not being
twisted. Sp. 48, 49.

Place not known. Sp. 50.

A. Label coiled in the bud. Himanto-
GLOSSUM.

1. hircina. Label trifid: middle segment
very long, twisted, emarginate. Nectary a
short pouch. p. 7. Chalky pastures and
thickets. G. occ. Fy. It.

B. Label not coiled. Germen twisted. Glands
at the base of the pollen-masses united in a

point. ANACAMPTIS.
2. pyramidalis. Label of 3 equal, en-
tire lobes. Spur subulato-filiform. Sepals

spreading, acuminate. p. 7. Dry pastures.

C. Glands separate ; otherwise as B.

i. Tubers simple.
a. Label undivided.

3. saccata. “LL. somewhat channeled;
lower oblongo-lanceolate. Bracts reddish, lan-
ceolate, exceeding germen. ‘T'wo outer Sep.
spreading, oblong, obtuse; inner, and the 2
Petals, connivent. Label obovate and elliptic,
obtuse and subemarginate, somewhat crenulate.
Spur straight, obtuse, widened into a depen-
dent bag, half as long as germen. p. 1-3.
Grassy. Sic.’—Guss. Lucania.

4. decipiens. “ L. lineari-lanceolate. Sep.
erect, oblong, somewhat obtuse, rather shorter
than lanceolate petals. Label obovato-tlabelli-

form, rather convex, somewhat emarginate.
Spur obtuse, ascending, not as long as germen.
Bracts subconvolute at top. p. 3,4. Hills.
Avolo. Sic.”—Guss.

5. rubra. ‘“ Lower L. lineari-lanceolate,
somewhat channeled. Bracts flesh-coloured,
lanceolate, rather shorter than germen. Sep.
blunt, connivent. Label canaliculato-concave,
longer than broad. Spur dependent, about as
long as germen. p. 3, 4. Dry cale. hills.
Sic. Cal.”’—Guss.

6. papilionacea. Label subrotund (broader
than long, Guss.). Pet. and Sep. connivent.
(Spur dependent, half as long as germen, Guss.)
Bracts 8—5-nerved. p. 4,5. Warm pastures.
Adr. G. It.

b. Label 3-lobed: lateral divisions as broad
as the undivided middle.

7. coriophora. Lateral Div. of Label
toothed ; middle entire. Pet. and Sep. acu-
minate, connivent. Bracts ]-nerved, as long
as germen. p.5,6. Most meadows. Fr.
It. s. and m. G.

8. fragrans. “ IL. lineari-lanceolate, acute.
Bracts lineari-lanceolate, acuminate, rather ex-
ceeding germen. Sep. ovato-lanceolate, acu-
minate, united, but separating and divaricate
at the tip. Label rather convex, about one-
third of length of germen. Lobes nearly equal ;
the lateral rhombeo-ovate, obliquely truncate,
dentato-serrulate; middle longer, lanceolate,
entire. Spur saccato-conical, rather descend-
ing, nearly straight, somewhat incurved, shorter
than germen. p. 3,4. Open pastures. Sic.”
—Guss.

e. Label 3-lobed: middle lobe larger and
longer, and divided at the end, moukey-
shaped.

* Sepals united at base.
+ Legs from point of union as long as body.

9. Bivonze. Bracts scariose, lineari-
lanceolate, half as long as germen. Sep. acute,
and, with 2 upper Pet., connivent. Div. of
Label very narrow linear. Spur very short
(lor li tine). p. 4,5. Dry, elevated pas-
tures. Mte. del Occhio at Pal.—Guss.

10. undulatifolia. Pet. ovato-triangular,
acute, about half sepals. Div. of Label simi-
lar, lanceolate, acuminate, entire. (Spur 3 or
4 lines long, Guss.) p. 6. Bushy calc. hills.
Rome. Nap. (See Plate, fig. 1.)

11. Simia. Pet. linear, acute, nearly equal.
The 4 Div. of Label all similar, linear, obtuse.

ORCHIDEA.

Legs nearly as wide as body. Spur about half
germen. Bracts ovate, acute, very short. p.
5. Cale. hills. Yn Vt. also on volcanic sand.
(Plate, fig. 2.)

12. macra. “Sep. very tapering. Label
twice as long as spur. Segm. linear, the ante-
rior with only one vein. Bracts short, acumi-
nate.’—LinDLEY. Legs only half as wide as
body. p.5. Cale. hills. (Plate, fig. 3, from
Ting. Bot.)

tt Legs from point of union much shorter
than body.

13. militaris. Sep. broadly lanceolate.
Pet. linear. Body of Label linear or oblong.
Lower Lobes very short, toothed. Spur about
one-third of length of germen. Bracts ovate,
very short. p.5. Cale. bushy hills. (Plate,
Sig. 4.)

14. galeata. Sep. broadly lanceolate, acute.
Pet. linear-oblong. Body of Label enlarging
downwards. Arms very narrow, linear, entire.
Legs entire, tapering, obtuse. Spur not half
as long as germen. Bracts very short, ovate,

acute. p.5. Calc. hills. (Plate, fig. 5.)
15. stnensis. “Lower L. oblongo-lan-
ceolate. Spike short, obconical. Bracts pink,

lanceolate, acuminate, not exceeding germen.
Sep. ovate, acute or acuminate. Arms of Label
narrow linear, obliquely truncate; middle ob-
versely cuneate, cloven. Spur subincurved,
equalling half the germen. p. 4,5. Grassy
fills. Castrogiovanni. Aitna.”—Guss.

16. fusea. Sep. elliptic, rather acute, dark
purple. Pet. linear. Arms of Label generally
toothed. Body cuneate. Legs truncate, cre-
nate. Spur about half germen. Bracts 1-
nerved, very short. p. 5,6. Cale. thickets.
(Plate, fig. 6 and 7: the latter from Eng.
Bot.)

17. variegata. Sep. pale, elliptic, very
acuminate. Pet. narrow lanceolate, finely acute.
Arms oblong, ending in two acute teeth. Body
cuneate. Legs tapermg, rounded at the ends.
Spur more than half germen. Bracts 1-nerved,
finely acute, exceeding germen. p. 5. Calc.
and volcane pastures. G.s. Fr. It. (Plate,
Sig. 8.)

18. tenoreana. Sep. elliptic, acuminate.
Pet. oblong. Upper Div. of Label rounded ;
lower very short, truncate, somewhat toothed.
Bracts subulate, equalling germen. p. 3, 4.
Grassy. Palasea in Cors. Sic. (Plate, fig. 9.)

8B. Hauru, JorpDAN. LL. acute, and some-

what mucronulate.

w
or
—_

** Sepals frec. Legs very short.

19. longibracteata. Sep. oval, obtuse.
Pet. oblong. Div. of Label rounded: upper
incurved, wavy at top; lower very short.
Spur + of length of germen. Bracts equalling
flowers. p. 2. Shade. Nice. s. Fr. Sic. Nap.
(Plate, fig. 10.)

20. ustulata. Lateral Sep. semiovate, ra-
ther acute. Pet. linear. Div. of Label flat,
straight, sometimes crenate at tip. Hood

semiglobose. Bracts not as long as germen.
L. lanceolate. p.6. Meadows. in Eng. on
a cale. soil. (Plate, fig. 11.)

21. globosa. Lateral Div. of Label acute ;
middle ending in 2 or 8 small teeth. Pet.
ovato-triangular, acute, about half sepal, which
terminates in a club-shaped acumen. p. 6.
Mountain pastures. G. Fr.

ad. Label 3-lobed: lateral divisions broad ;
middle truncate, emarginate.

* Bracts with a single nerve.

22. Spitzelii. Lobes of Label crenate.
Spur subeylindrical, descending vertically,
about equalling germen. Sep. spreading.
Pet. truncato-emarginate. Fl. purple. p. 6.
Grassy meadows. Weissbach. Alps in Tyr.—
Kocu.

23. provincialis. Middle Lobe of Label
smallest. Spur ascending, exceeding germen.
Sep. and Pet. erect, obtuse, with callous tips.
Pet. l-nerved. p. 5. Woody hills. Prov.
Rome. 7. yellowish.

24, mascula. Lobes of Label strongly
marked, toothed ; middle emarginate, with in-
termediate tooth. Spur rather ascending, cy-
lindrical, about as long as germen. Pet. ob-
tuse, 1-nerved, shorter than sepals. Lateral
Sep. reflexed. Jn large specimens, one or two
of the lower Bracts are sometimes 3-nerved.
p- 4,5. Woods and meadows. Fl. purple.

25. Brancifortii. ‘“ Root-L. oblongo-
linear. Stem-L. acute. Spike cylindrical.
Bracts purple, lanceolate, as long as germen.
Sep. spreading. Label about one-fifth of ger-
men, flat, 3-lobed. Lobes linear, entire: the
lateral short ; middle broader and longer, ob-
tuse. Spur filiform, descending, slightly curved,
as long as germen. p. 38, 4. Open hills.
Sic.” —Guss.

26. quadripunctata. “Pet. spreading,
oval, obtuse. Label flat, with 3 equal lobes :
the middle lobe somewhat emarginate. Spur
straight, filiform, exceeding germen. Fl. small.

352 760. ORCHIS.

Bracts purple. p. Monte Gargano. Cal.”’—
TEN., who says that im O. Brancifortii the
Spur is considerably shorter than the germen.
L am not at all sure that these two are
rightly placed.

27. pallens. Lobes of Label slightly
marked, nearly entire. Spur rather ascending,
cylindrical, about equalling germen. Pet. 3-
nerved at base. Lateral Sep. at last reflexed.
Bracts equalling germen. UV. generally yel-

lowish. p.4,5. Cale. thickets. 9s. and m.
G. Dau. 2
** Bracts with more than one nerve, not

veiny.

28. palustris. Label broad, with 3
deep, nearly equal, obtuse lobes; middle lobe
hardly emarginate. Spur shorter than germen.
Pet. l-nerved. Sep. spreading, acute. Bracts
exceeding flowers. esembles mascula, but
zs larger, and with a more lax spike. p. 6.
Marshy. ¥rv. rare. It.

29. longicornu. “Lower L. oblongo-li-
near. Spike lax, cylindrical. Bracts pink,
lanceolate, rather shorter than germen. Sep.
elliptic, obtuse, connivent. Label shorter than
germen, dotted on the back. Lateral Lobes
deflexed, broadly ovate, subcrenulate, silky,
dark purple; middle Lobe very short, emargi-
nate, whitish. Spur incurved, ascending, com-
presso-spatulate at top, about as long as ger-
men. p. 38-5. Open pastures. Sic.’””—Guss.

30. Champagneuxii. “Bulbs subro-
tund, generally 3, the 2 younger on long stalks.
L. lineari-lanceolate, mucronate. Spike lax,
6-7-flowered. Lips 3-lobed, dotted, plicate in
the middle. Lateral lobes always joined to the
lower surface, denticulate ; middle lobe ¢ran-
cato-emarginate, sometimes very short. Spur
long, ascending, broad at top, c/oven, truncate,
somewhat shorter than ovary. Div. of Peri-
gone obtuse, uniting into a helmet. Bracts
acute, shorter than ovary. The lateral Lobes
of the Lip never spread out, but always ap-
plied one against the other. p. 3. Hyéres.”
—BARNEAUD. :

31. Morio. Lobes of Label broad ; mid-
dle truncato-emarginate. Spur equalling ger-
men, horizontal or descending. Pet. 3-nerved ;
these and the Sep. connivent. Nerves of Sep.
green. Upper Bracts1-nerved. p.5. Pastures.

32. panormitana. “Lower L. broadly
lanceolate, acute. Spike ovoid, lax, few-flow-
ered. Bracts lanceolate, rather shorter than
germen. Lateral Sep. spreading, acute, re-

flexed at top; middle and the 2 Pet. conni-
vent. Label not as long as germen, broadly
obcordate, 3-lobed, subcrenulate. Lateral
Lobes rounded, at last reflexed, longer than
the middle. Spur straight, dependent or hori-
zontal, somewhat bag-like, conical, about half
as long as germen. p. 3,4. Pal.”—Guss.

Middle Lobe broadest,
deeply emarginate. Spur cylindrical, rather
ascending, shorter than germen. Pet. 3-
nerved. Sep. obtuse, with greenish veins.
Resembles Morio, but the Spike is much more
lax. p.5,6. Peaty meadows.

33. laxiflora.

*** Bracts exceeding flowers, nerved and

verny.

34, sambucina. Label slightly lobed.
Spur cylindrical, ascending, as long as germen.
Lateral Sep. spreading. Bracts very large.
Bulbs sometimes slightly lobed. 2. yellowish.
p. 5, 6. Mountain woods. m. ands. G. c. Fr.

35. romana. Label convex. Lobes sub-
ovate, crenate; the middle smaller, subemar-
ginate. Spur ascending, exceeding germen.
Lateral Sep. bent back. 7. purple. p. 4.
Dry hills. 3. \t. In this, as in the preced-
ing species, the Tubers are often slightly lobed
at the extremity.

ii. Zubers palmate. Bracts 3-nerved and

veiny.

36. Traunsteineri. Spur shorter than
germen. Lateral Sep. turned upwards. Lower
Bracts equalling flowers ; upper shorter. Stem
hollow. Stem-L. linear, erect, somewhat chan-
neled, flat at the top. p.5,6. Peaty mea-
dows. 'Tyrol.—Kocu.

37. latifolia. Spur conico-cylindrical, de-
scending, shorter than germen. Lateral Sep.
spreading, afterwards turned upwards. Lower
and middle Bracts exceeding flowers. Stem
hollow. Lower L. obtuse; upper somewhat
acuminate. p.6. Moist meadows.—Kocu.

38. incarnata. Spur conico-cylindrical,
descending, shorter than germen. Lateral Sep.
spreading, afterwards turned upwards. All
Bracts 3-nerved and veined, exceeding flowers.
Stem hollow. LL. erect, lanceolate, attenuate,
hooded at the tip. p. 6. Boggy meadows.
—Kocu.

39. maculata. Spur conico-cylindrical,
descending, shorter than germen. Lateral
Sep. spreading. Middle Bracts about equalling

germen. Stem solid. Upper L. small, bract-
like, remote from flowers. p. 6. Woods and
meadows.

ORCHIDE A.

D. Glands at the base of the pollen-masses
naked ; in other respects as ©.
i. Spur slender.
a. Tubers palmate.

40. odoratissima. Glands approximate.
Label trifid. Lobes obtuse. Spur filiform,
about equalling germen. Sep. spreading. p.
6,7. Mountain meadows. Rouen. Malesherbes.
Alps. Vosges. Rhine.

41. conopsea. Glands approximate. La-
bel trifid. Lobes obtuse. Spur filiform, about
twice germen. Sepals spreading. p. 6, 7.
Cale. hills, and also on boggy ground.

b. Lubers entire.
42. bifolia. Glands distant. Label linear,
entire. Spur filiform, 23 times germen. Cells
of the Anther parallel. p. 6,7. Shade.

43. chlorantha. Glands distant. Label
linear, entire. Spur somewhat clavate, twice
germen. Cells of the Anther widely spreading
below. p. 6,7. Shade.

ii. Spur pouch-lke.
44. cylindracea. ‘‘ Stem-L. very short,
rather sheathing. Spike cylindrical, very dense.
Bracts ovato-lanceolate, acute, shorter than

germen. Fl. secund. Sep. and Pet. acute,
connate. Label flat, trifid, half as long as
germen. Lateral Segm. very narrow, entire ;

middle twice as wide, obtuse, entire, or with 2

or 3 teeth. Spur saccato-conical, obtuse. p.
3, 4. Grass, among bushes. Sic.’—Guss.
Capri. Cal.

45. parviflora. Label trifid. Div. linear :
the middle one longer and cloven. Spur sub-
globose. Pet. and Sep. connivent, obtuse.
Tubers simple. Size and habit of O. albida.
p. Mountains. Pdm.—WILxD.

46. viridis. Glands distant. Label h-
near, ending in 3 teeth; the middle one very
short. Pouch very short. Sep. connivent,
helmet-like. Tubers palmate. p. 6, 7. Moist
pastures and chalk hills.

47. albida. Glands approximate. Label
tripartite: lateral Div. acute ; middle twice as
broad, obtuse. Pouch one-third of germen.

Sep. connivent. Tubers fasciculate. sp. 6-8.
Gills. oce.
E. Germen not twisted. The Label is left

uppermost.
48. suaveolens. Label ovate, with an ob-
tuse tooth on each side. Spur cylindrico-subu-
late, about equal to germen. Sep. acute. p.

2

353

7, 8. Mountains near Grenoble. On the Dolaz
in Sw. and on the Tollstein by Zierl in ‘Tyrol.
Very rare.

49. nigra. Label ovate, acuminate. Pouch
one-third of germen. Sepals acuminate. p.
5-8. Alps.

The following I do not know where to place.

50. corsica. Spike contracted, globose.
Pet. and Sep. connivent, ovate, acuminate ;
the Pet. rather the smallest. Label trifid :
lateral Lobes falcate, toothed; middle Lobe
expanded and rounded towards the top, toothed.
Spur curved, obtuse, twice as long as germen.
p. Bonifacio. VIvVIANI.

There are also four species, Cupanii, bonan-
niana, gervasiana, azd pseudopallens, the de-
scriptions of which are taken by Gussone from
the plates in the * Panphyton Siculum’ of Cu-
pan; but the plants themselves are at pre-
sent unknown.

761. ACHRAS.

l. anthropophora. Label exceeding ger-
men, tripartite: middle Div. deeply divided,
often with an intermediate tooth. Segm. li-
near. p. 6. Moist calc. meadows; scat-
tered.

762. OPHRYS.

A. Lateral Sepuls spreading.
i. Column without a beak.
a. Middle Sepal vaulted, covering the column.

1. bombylifera. Sep. oval, concave, pale
green. Pet. shorter, ovate, hairy. Label 3-
lobed : middle lobe emarginate, reflexed in the
notch, and with an advancing appendage. p.
4. Open hills. It. occ. Sic.

2. lutea. Lateral Sep. semiovate. Pet.
lanceolate, more than half sepals. Label obo-
vate, 8-lobed at the end: the middle lobe
emarginate, not much larger than the lateral.
p. 4,5. Rocky. s. Fr. Nice. Tiv. Cors.
Sicily. rare.

3. fusca. Pet. hairy, not half as long as
sepals. Label trifid. Lateral Lobes parabo-
lic; the middle retuse. Stem-L. lanceolate.
p. 4. Open pastures. Castiglione in Tuscany.
Sicily.

4. pallida. “Lateral Sep. semiovato-el-
liptic. Pet. linear, nearly as long as sepals.
Label obovato-conical, velvety, 3-lobed to the
middle, marked with a shining spot. Lateral

Z.

354 762. OPHRYS.

Lobes recurvato-deflexed; the middle larger,
rounded, nearly entire. Column very short.
p. 3,4. Pastures and woody hills. Sic.’—
Guss.

5. canaliculata. “Sep. broadly ovate.
Pet. similar, but very small, ciliato-hispid. La-
bel with a cuneiform base and a deeply chan-
neled mouth, convex, trifid. Lateral Div. ovate,
acuminate, hispid, shorter; middle expanded
at the end in two lobes. p. Bonifacio.’—Viv.
I place this here on account of its declared
similarity to O. ciliata.

b. Middle Sepal erect.

6. muscifera. Pet. villous, involuto-fili-
form, more than half as long as sepals. Label
pinnately 4-lobed, marked with a smooth, d/we,
oblong spot. Lobes ovate. p. 6. Cale.
thickets. oce.

7. Speculum. Sep. oblong. Pet. nar-
row linear, acute, arcuato-retroflex, dar, half
as long as sepals. Label obovate, with a smooth,
shining, bluish-brown disc, very villous on the
revolute margin, 3-lobed. Lateral Lobes ob-
long ; middle twice as large each way, emargi-
nate. p.3,4. Grassy hills. Sic.

8. tenthredinifera. Pet. triangular, very
short. Sep. oval. Label somewhat 4-sided,
siightly 2-lobed, with a rounded, intermediate,
forward point, above which is a tuft of threads.
p. 3,4. Dry hills. Rome.

ti. Column with a small terminal beak.

9. oxyrhynchus. “Sep. ovali-lanceo-
late, obtuse, spreading, pale pink. Pet. trian-
gular, villous, very short. Margin revolute.
Label nearly square, silky, obsoletely 3-lobed ;
with a conical hunch on each side of the base ;
emarginate, with an appendage, but without
any beard above it. Appendage incurved, end-
ing in 3 or 5 teeth. Beak of Column acute.
p. 3,4. Open hills. Sic.—Guss.

10. arachnites. Pet. ovate, about one-
third of sepals. Label nearly entire, variegated,
truncate, with a smooth, intermediate, forward
process, generally 3-toothed. Column with a
small point. p. 5,6. Cale. thickets. oce.

11. apifera. Pet. oblong, about half peak
sepals. Label 4-lobed, variegated, with a
smooth, intermediate, recurved tooth. p. 6.
Cale. hills.

12. aranifera. Label entire or slightly

4-lobed, sometimes with a very small forward
tooth, marked with a smooth spot, like the
Greek M1. Pet. oblong, rounded at the end,
(more than half sepals, E. B. Sm. and Koch
describe them as smooth; I find them some-
times villous.) p. 4, 5. Cale. hills. oce.
dry hills, It.
B. exaltata, Guss. Sep. pink.

y. atrata, Rows. Lines of Label blue, with
a white margin.

13. Iunulata. “Sep. lanceolate, obtuse,
pink. Pet. linear, smooth, somewhat acute,
nearly as long as sepals. Label slightly length-
ened, obcordate, velvety, with a shining cres-
cent-shaped spot, entire or 3-lobed, with a den-
ticulate margin and a small appendage. Lateral
Lobes nearly vertical, more villous, with a
conical hunch. Beak acuminate. p. 3, 4.
Lill pastures. Sic.” —Guss.

14. crabronifera. “ Label rounded, con-
vex, Villous, retuse, with a lanceolate, forward
point; marked with a transverse, reniform
spot. Pet. lanceolate, wavy, more than half
as long as the rose-coloured sepals. p. 4, 5.
Marino near Rome.”—Mavnrt.

15. Pseudo-speculum. Label nearly
circular, sometimes with a smail tooth on each
side, slightly emarginate (sometimes with an
intermediate tooth, Koc). Dise smooth:
border hairy. Pet. oblong, on a rounded base,
smooth. p. 5. Grassy hills. Mtp. Metz.

Tare.

16. Bertolonii. Label obovate, slightly
lobed at the end, with intermediate, smooth,
straight, rounded tooth ; marked with a nearly
square, smooth spot. Pet. linear, on a rounded
base. p. 4, 5. Warm open hills. Istria.
Rome. mdt. Fr. Sic.

B. Sepals and Petals connivent, forming a
helmet.

17. alpina. Label ovato-oblong, with a
small tooth on each side. L. narrow linear,
as long as scape. p. 7, 8. Very high pas-
tures. Alps.

The following I do not know where
to place.

18. fumerea. “ Label gradually contracted
at base, conical, the sides bent down, divided
at top into 3 rounded lobes: the middle rather
the largest, nearly entire. s. Corsica and at
Genoa by the Aqueduct.” — Vivian.

ORCHIDE Zi. 355

763. SERAPTAS.

1. oxyglottis. Callus at the base of the
Label simple. Terminal Div. ovato-lanceolate,
acuminate, almost smooth, about equalling

petals. Bracts about as long as flowers. Se-
cond Tuber stalked. p. 5. Dry fields and
woods. It.

2. parvifiora. Calius double. Terminal
Div. of Label lineari-lanceolate, acute, about as
long as petals, not adpressed to germen. Bracts
acuminate, rather shorter than flowers. p. 3,
4. Open hills on coast. Sic.

3. Lingua. Callus double. Terminal Div.
of Label ovato-lanceolate, acuminate, bearded,
3 or 4 times as long as petals, adpressed to
germen. Bracts exceeding flowers. p. 5.
Dry hills. Mte. Testaccio and about Rome.

4. cordigera. Callus double. Terminal
Div. cordate, acuminate, bearded. Bracts
shorter than flowers. p. 5. Sandy. ‘Trieste.
mdt. Fr. It.

5. triloba. Callus double. Terminal Div.
of Label 3-lobed, deuticulate, obtuse, with a
small apiculus. p.5. Meadows. Gen. Trieste.
Very rare.

764. GOODYERA.

1. repens. L. ovate. Spike spiral. Point
of Nectary elongate, deflexed. p. 7. Mossy
woods. Se. Germ. rare. Woody hills. Fv.

765. SPIRANTHES.

1. spiralis. Tubers ovato-oblong. Root-
L. ovate, spreading. Stem sheathed with
bract-like L. Fl. in a single spiral row. Label
obcordate. Lateral Sep. quite separate. p. 8,
9. Hill pastures.

2. zestivalis. Tubers subcylindrical. Root-
L. lanceolate, erect. Stem leafy. Fl. m a
single spiral row. Label ovate. Lateral Sep.
quite separate. p. 7. Morst meadows, rare.

3. cernua. Root of 2 long, cylindrical
tubers. L. lanceolate, erect. Fl.in 3 spiral
rows. Sep. and Pet. united. Label oblong,
contracted in the middle. p. 8,9. Bearhaven,
co. Cork.

766. NEOTTIA.

1. Nidus-Avis. Leafless. Stem clothed
with sheathing scales. Label with two spread-
ing lobes. Root a multitude of cylindrical

| fleshy fibres.

p. 5, 6. Parasitic on roots in

woods.

767. WERMINIUM.

l. Monorchis. Middle lobe of Label
longest. Pet. with a lobe on each side. Root-
L. 2, lanceolate. p. 5, 6. Calc. pastures.
Scattered.

768. LISTERA.

Label of
Column crested. p.
Woods and pastures.

1. ovata. LL. 2, oval, opposite.
2 linear, parallel lobes.
5, 6.

2. cordata. L. 2, cordate, opposite. Label

of 4 lobes. Column without a crest. p. 7.
Moors and shady mountaims. Br. Alps.
Vosges. Pyr.

769. EPIPACTIS.

A. Germen twisted. Sepals subconnivent.

1. grandifiora. Label obtuse, shorter than
calyx, with elevated lines on the disc. (Sep.
obtuse, Kocu.) Bracts longer than the smooth
germen. LL. elliptic. Root creeping. p. 6.
Woods. Scattered.

2. ensifolia. Label very obtuse, half
as long as calyx, with elevated lines on the
disc. (Sep.acute, Kocu.) Bracts very much
shorter than germen. L. lanceolate. Roots
clustered. p.5,6. Woods. Rare.

3. comosa. “ Label cordate, entire, about
as long as calyx. Bracts linear, ciliolate,
about 6 times as long as flowers. LL. ovate
and lanceolate, reflexed. p. 6, 7. Shady
hills. Bosco del Feudo di Chiusa, Sic.’’—
Guss.

4. Wkaravigni. ‘“ Label ovate, acute, -
sometimes 3-lobed, shorter than the spreading,
linear, acuminate sepals. Bracts lanceolate ;
lower about equalling germen. I. lanceolate;
upper long linear, far exceeding the dense,
many-flowered spike. p. 5,6. Shady hills.
Aitna. Alla Cerita above Catania.”—Guss.

5. rubra. Label acuminate, about equalling
calyx, with waving lines on the disc. (Sep.
acuminate, Kocu.) Bracts longer than the
downy germen. p.6,7. Warm calc. hills.
Scattered.

B. Germen not twisted. Sepals spreading.
6. latifolia. Label roundish cordate, entire,
obtuse, with a small recurved point ; shorter

222

356 769. EPIPACTIS.

than sepals. Keel not crenate above, H. B.
(Hunches of the Base smooth, Kocu.) Lower
Bracts longer than flowers. L. broad ovate.
p. 7,8. Woody lills—Bas.

7. media. Label triangulari-cordate, en-
tire, acute, as long as lanceolate sepals and
petals. ‘‘ Keel crenate above.” Lower Bracts
longer than flowers. p. 8. Woods. Eng.
occasionally.

B. purpurata. Label shorter than petals.
Woods.—BaB. : adopted from Fries, who
says it is rubiginosa of Koch ; but this
seems to me to agree better with the
ovalis of Bab.

§. ovalis. Label transversely oval, acute, as
long as ovate, acute petals and sepals : its Keel
plicato-crenate above. One or two lower Bracts
longer than flowers, but shorter than fruit : all
much shorter than upper L. p. 7. Rocky
woods. Settle, Yorksh— Bas. I have adopted
Babington’s descriptions, not being at all sure
of the plants. By the Label, or, as he terms tt,
the terminal division of the Lip, being as long
as the sepals, we must understand that rt
extends as far; for the part, considered in
itself, is always much shorter. By the Keel,
L imagine, the two calli, or hunches, at the
base of the Label, are intended.

9. microphylla. Label acuminate, re-
curved at the points. Hunches at the base
with curled folds. L. ovato-lanceolate; upper
narrower, shorter than the interval. Margin
rough, hairless. p. 6, 7. Woods. Uartz.
—Kocu.

10, palustris. Label rounded, obtuse,

crenate, exceeding petals, with a notched pro-
tuberance on the disc. IL. lanceolate. Bracts
shorter than flowers. p. 6, 7. Wet meadows.
Scattered.

770. CORALLORHIZA.

1. innata. Spur of the Nect. short. Label
sometimes 3-lobed, joined at the base to the
lateral sepals, with 2 callous lines, LL. none.
Root fleshy, repeatedly branched. p. 5, 6.
Boggy woods. Sc. Alps. Jura.

771. LIPARIS.

1. Loeselii. L. 2, elliptico-lanceolate.
Scape 3-edged. Label obovate, channeled, un-
divided, longer than calyx. p. 7,8. Bogs.
Norf. Rhine. Alps. Flanders. Norm. Males-
herbes, &c.

772. MALAXIS.
1. paludosa. Stalk 5-edged. L. 3 or 4,

- spatulate, rough at the top. Label concave,

acute, half calyx.
Not in France.

p. 7,8. Bogs. Br. un. G.

2. monophylla. L. single, ovate, acute.
Scape 3-edged. Label conical, acuminate. p.
7. Moist meadows. rare. Alps. Riesengeb.

773. CYPRIPEDIUM.

1. Calceolus. Stem leafy, terminal. Lobe
of Column nearly oval, smooth (ovate, Kocu).
Label somewhat laterally compressed, shorter
than calyx. ‘p. 6. Moods. un. Eng. s. and m.
G. Fr. rare.

CII. CANNACEA.

Corolla superior, of 1 petal. Anther 1, simple, linear. In the only European species
the anther ts on the margin of a petal-like filament, and the prstil is also petal-like.

774. CANNA.

1. indica. Inner border of Cor. trifid.
Diy. lanceolate, acuminate. L. ovato-oblong,

acute at each end. p. 7-9. WNaturalized
on a stream between Syracuse and Agosta.
—Guss.

3

oO

7

CIll. IRIDEA.

Perianth superior, 6-parted. Segments generally unequal, but all petal-like.
Anthers bursting outwards.
Dissepiments attached to the valves.

on the base of the external segments.
dilated. Capsule with 3 cells.

775. CROCUS.

A. Flowering in the Spring. L. nearly at
the same time.

1. vernus. Sheath of 1 L. Throat of
Cor. hairy, purplish. Stigma divided into 3
cuneate, jagged lobes. p. 3. Mountains.
Alps. Pyr. Cev. Apenn. Albano. Nap.

2. suaveolens. Sheath of 1 L. Throat
of Cor. hairless, yellow. Stigma of 3 jagged
lobes. LL. linear. p. 2,3. Meadows. Rome.
Terracina.

3. minimus. Sheath of 1 L., often cloven.
Throat of Cor. hairless, white. Stigma trifid :
segments laciniate. LL. filiform. p. Winter
or spring. Cors. Sard.

4. Imperati. Sheath of 2 L. Throat of
Cor. hairless, yellow. Stigma trifid: segments
laciniate. ibres of coating of Bulb nearly
parallel. p. 2,3. Rocky hills. ¥Yondi, Cas-
tellamare. Gay unites these three species un-~
der the name of minimus. The covering of
the bulb seems the same in all.

5. versicolor. Sheath of 2 L.; the outer
larger, obtuse. Throat of Cor. hairless, yellow.
Stigma trifid; the segments nearly entire.
Fibres of coating of Bulb nearly parallel. L.
linear, filiform. p. 2,3. Nice.

6. variegatus. Sheath of 2 L. Throat
of Cor. hairless, yellow. Stigma deeply trifid:
segments laciniate. Covering of Root net-
like. L. linear, filiform. p. 2,3. Grassy.
Trieste. Monfalcone. Meriano.

7. biflorus. Sheath of 2 L., acuminate.
Throat hairless, yellow. Stigma deeply trifid:
segments somewhat laciniate. Covering of
Bulb not splitting into fibres. Scales cut
round at base. LL. lineari-filiform. vp. 1-38.
Grassy. It.

B. Flowering in Autumn.
i. L. with the flowers.

8. Thomasii. Sheath of 2 L. Throat
of Cor. villous, purplish. Stigma tripartite :
segments straight, nearly entire. Tunic of
Bulb of interwoven fibres. LL. lineari-filiform,
ciliate. p. 10. Calabria.

|

Stamens 3,
Style one. Stigmas
Seeds numerous.

9. longiflorus. Sheath of 1 L., acute.
Throat nearly smooth, yellow. Stigma tri-
partite: segments laciniate at top. Covering
of Bulb of interwoven fibres. LL. linear. p.
9,10. Meadows. Sic.

ii. L. after flowers.

10. sativus. Sheath of 1 L. Throat of
Cor. bearded, purplish. Stigma tripartite :
segments linear, notched at the end, as long as
flowers. Covering of Bulb finely fibrous,
lengthened beyond bulb. L. linear. p. 9.
Woody hills. Ascoli.

ll. nudifiorus. Sheath of 1 L. Throat
hairless, purplish. Stigma repeatedly divided.
Covering of Bulb somewhat membranous, or
splitting into parallel fibres. Root sometimes
throwing out runners. 10. Meadows. Not-
tingham. Pyr. Corb.

12. medius. Sheath of 1 L., acuminate.
Stigma trifid, included: segments finely mul-

tipartite. L. broadly linear. Covering of
Bulb. net-like. p. 9,10. Hills. Liguria.—
Bert.

776. ROMULEA.

1. Bulbocodium. L. subulate, compress-
ed, channeled, furrowed, recurved, twisted.
Interior Sheath with a broad, membranous
margm. Stamens shorter than pistil. p. 3.
Grassy. s. Fr. Istria. s. It. Tube of Cor.
orange; border violet. Seeds yellowish.

B. Innaresi. Cor. all purple. Stamens
exceeding pistil.

2. purpurascens of Ten. Scape 3-edged,
l-flowered. L. subulate, compressed, chan-
neled, furrowed, straight. Sheath with a nar-
row margin. Stamens exceeding pistil. Outer
Pet. green, externally with brown stripes.
Seeds black. yp.4. Reggio. Sic—BeErr.

3. ramiflora of Zen. “Scape branched,
many-flowered. L. subulate, compressed, fur-
rowed, Sheath with a narrow margin. Sta-
mens exceeding pistil. p. 4. Pastures. Apulia.
Santa Maria del Piano at Naples. Rome.”—
Bert.

4, Golumnee. Scape somewhat branched.

| L. subulato - filiform, compressed, furrowed,

358 776. ROMULEA.

twisted or recurved. Upper Sheath with a
broad margin. Stamens exceeding pistil. p. 3.
Grassy. Jersey. nu. w. Fr. It.

777. GLADIOLUS.

A. Reticulate covering of Root with rounded
openings.
l. triphyllus. Fl. about 3, in 1 row-
Anthers much shorter than filaments. p.5, 6.
Geneva. Mountains of Carr—BeERT.

2. palustris. FI]. 3 or 4, secund. Tube
twice as long as seed-vessel. Claw of middle
Div. curved, remote. Lobes of Stigma papil-
loso-ciliate almost from base. Anthers shorter
than filaments. Auricles at base obtuse, paral-
lel. Caps. oblongo-obovate, rounded at top,
marked with 6 equal furrows. p. 5,6. Mea-
dows. e. G.—Kocu.

B. Reticulate covering of Root with long,
narrow openings.

3. communis. Fi. secund. Fil. half as
long again as anthers. Auricles at base ob-
tuse, parallel. Tube half as long again as ger-
men. Lobes of Stigma gradually broader up-
wards, papilloso-ciliate almost from base. Caps.
3-edged, obovate, impressed at top. Seeds
broadly winged. p. 5,6. Meadows. Stettin
and Frankf.-on-Oder.— Kocu.

4, illyricus. Fl. secund. Fil. 14 anthers.
Auricles at base acuminate. Tube three times
aslong as germen. Div. of Stigma linear
from the base to the middle, and with a smooth
margin; suddenly enlarged at top with a papil-
loso-ciliate margin. Caps. obovate, 3-edged. p.
5. Meadows. Carn. Trieste. Fiume.—Kocu.

5. imbricatus. Fl. secund, approximate.
Fil. 12 anthers. Auricles at base parallel.
Tube nearly three times as long as germen. Div.
of Stigma gradually broader upwards, papil-
loso-ciliate almost from base. . Caps. with 3
rounded angles. p. 5, 6. Grassy shade,
meadows. G. Boh. Sil. Dry cale. hills. Nap.

6. segetum (communis of Bert.). Fl.
about 10, in 2 rows. Upper Div. of Cor. di-
varicate. Lower Segm. nearly equal, lanceolate.
Anthers longer than filaments. Caps. with 3
furrows. p. 4,5. Corn. Istria. Veglia. Lo-
carno. s. Fr. Sic. Nap.

7. infestus. “Spike lax. Fl. 4-14, ob-
liquely alternate. Div. of Cor. alternately
piuk and purple: uppermost very broad,
covering the 2 lateral ones ; 3 lower unequal.
Anthers about as long as filaments. Seeds

L. ensiform.
Avola in Sic.””—Guss.

globose, prolonged downwards.
p. 4,5. Fields.

8. byzantinus. fF]. numerous, in 2 rows.
Upper Segm. of Cor. covered by the lateral
ones. Lower Diy. lanceolate, the middle
largest. Anthers longer than filaments. Seeds
winged. lL. long, ensiform, linear. p. 3, 4.
Corn. Sic. Abr.

778. IRIS.

4. Outer Petals bearded. LL. ensiform.
i, Stem decidedly exceeding L. Sp. 1-6.
ii. L. as long as, or longer than, stem.
a. Stem many-flowered. Sp. 7-10.
b. ae 1-, rarely 2-flowered. Sp. 11
-13.
B. Outer Petals not bearded.
i. L. ensiform. Germen 3-edged. Sp. 14

ii. L. linear, channeled. Sp. 17-22.
iii. L. 4-edged. Sp. 23.

A. Outer Petals bearded. L. ensiform.
i. Stem decidedly exceeding L.

1. pallida. Stem many-flowered. Sheaths
altogether scariose. Tube of Cor. about as
long as germen. Segm. erect, obovate, all en-

tire. Fl. large, pale blue, with green cross-
lines. p. 4,5. Grassy hills. Istria. Pisa.
Walls. Pavia.

2. florentina. Stem with about 2 sessile,
erect flowers. Sheaths and Bracts with a nar-
row, scariose margin. Segm. of Cor. erect,
oblong, obtuse, reflexed, entire. Tube about
about as long as germen. FV. white or very
pale blue, reticulate with greenish-yellow
veins. p. 4,5. Walls, 5c. e. Prov. Be-
tween Genoa and Pegli. Terrac. Sic. Carn.

3. germanica. Stem branched. Lower
Fl. stalked, erect. Sheaths leaf-like at the base,
with a long scariose upper part. Tube of Cor.
twice or three times as long as germen. Lobes
of Stigma divaricate. Segm. erect, subrotund.
Fl. a full blue. p. 4,5. Stony, or on walls.
Fr. G. It. oce.

4. squalens. Stem many-flowered. Sheaths
leaf-like at base; upper part scariose. Tube
of Cor. 2 or 3 times as long as germen. Segm.
oval. Lobes of Stigma porrect, but separate.
Outer Pet. pale purple; imner a dirty yellow.
Smells like honey. p.6. Stony slopes. Heidel-
berg. Oppenheim. Bolzano in Tyrol. Aecord-
ing to Bert., the bracts have only a narrow,

IRIDEA, 359

scariose margin, and the smell rs very disa-
greeable.

5. sambucina. Stem many-flowered, ex-
ceeding L. Sheaths leaf-like at base; upper
part scariose. Tube of Cor. two or three
times as long as germen. Segm. of Cor. obo-
vate: outer purplish, deflexed ; inner notched,
of a dull blue. Lobes of Stigma touching.
p. 5,6. Hills. G. rare, though widely scat-
tered.

6. biflora. “Scape about 3-flowered, ex-
ceeding L. Germen terete, marked with 3
stripes. Pet. violet: beard white. Flowers
twice in the year. yp. Monte Gargano.”—
TENORE.

ii. L. as long as, or longer than stem, espe-
cially when in fruit.
a. Stem many-flowered.

7. bohemica. L. as long as 2—-4-flowered
stem when in flower; twice as long when in
fruit. Sheaths leaf-like, but thin, ovato-oblong.
Tube of Cor. 2 or 3 times germen. Outer
Segm. obovate, wo/e¢ ; inner oval, with deeper
pencilled veins, suddenly contracted into claw.
Ovary subterete, with 6, nearly equal furrows.
p-5. Sunny borders. e. G. rare.

8. Fieberi. L. as long as stem when in
flower ; twice as long when in fruit. Sheaths
leaf-like, thin, lanceolate, acuminate. Ovary
obtusely 3-edged: sides furrowed. Fl. as in
Sp. 7. p. 5. Rocks and shady meadows.
Boh. Sil.—Kocu.

9. hungarica. L. equalling flowers, twice
as long as fruit. Sheaths leaf-like, thin, ovate,
almost entirely violet. Ovary obtusely 3-edged :
sides furrowed. Fl. as in the two preceding.
p. 5. Hills. Millerschau in Boh.—Kocu.

10. variegata. Stem about as long as
faleato-ensiform L. Sheaths leaf-like. Segm.
of Cor. oblongo-obovate ; inner gradually at-

tenuate. Ovary obtusely 3-edged. Fl. yellow,
with dark ves. p. 5,6. Grassy and woody
hills. _ Aust.

b. Stem \-flowered, rarely 2-flowered.
1]. lutescens. Stem fully as long as L. Tube
of Cor. included in the scariose sheath. Segm.
oblongo-obovate, yellowish, with violet veins.
p- 5. Cale. rocks. Rous. Hyéres. Sitten.
Sion, Sw. s. Fr. Carn.

12. Chameeiris. “Dwarf. Stem 1-flow-
ered, and, including the flower, exceeding L.
Sheaths inflated, acute, shorter than tube of co-

rolla. Fl. yellow, much smaller than im Sp. 13.
p. 4,5. Sea-shore. Avdenzanear Leghorn.”
—BrErt.

13. pumila. Stem 1-flowered, shorter
than L. ‘Tube of Cor. exceeding sheath.
Segm. nearly equal, oblongo-obovate. J. pur-
plish, pale blue or white. p. 4,5. Dry hills
and walls. s. Fr. Aust. Lig. Sie.

B. Mowers not bearded.

i. L. ensiform. Germen 3-edged.

14. Pseudacorus. Stem terete, many-

flowered. Inner Segm. of Cor. narrower and
shorter than stigma. 7. yellow. Seeds an-
guar. p.6,7. Water.

15. foetidissima.
many-flowered.
than stigma.

Stem compressed,
Inner Segm. of Cor. larger
Germen 3-edged, with a furrow

on the edge. J. dingy purple. Seeds glo-
bose, red. p.6,7. Shade. Ung. Fr. s. Tyr.

It. Not in G. or Sw.

16. xyphioides. L. subensiform, lineari-
subulate, channeled. Sheaths leaf-like. Ger-
men with 2 edges. Stem 2-flowered. Outer
Segm. of Cor. broad obovate; inner larger
than stigma. 7. blue. p. High. Pyr.

ii. L. linear, channeled.

17. sibirica. Root not bulbous. Stem
terete, about 3-flowered, hollow, exceeding
acuminate L. Sheaths scariose. Outer Pet. ob-
ovate, attenuate into short claw. Germen 3-
edged. 7. bluish, with purple ves. p.5.
Meadows or shade. Als. Dau. n. Sw. Finme.
G. rare. Aosta. Pavia.

18. spuria. Root not bulbous. Stem
terete, few-flowered, exceeding lanceolato-linear
L. Sheaths green. Outer Segm. of Cor.
subrotund, shorter than lanceolate claw, yel-
lowish, with blue veins. Germen 6-edged. Caps.
with a long beak. p.6. Hoist meadows.
Elne. Narbonne. Mentz.

19. graminea. Stem 2-edged, about 2-
flowered, shorter than linear L. Sheaths green.
Blade of outer Segm. of Cor. ovate, much
shorter than the broad claw. Germen 6-edged.
Claw purple, with a yellow line. Blade
whitish, with violet lines. p.5, 6. Grass.
Rochelle. Narb. Carcassonne. Vosges. Sil. s. G.
Lig. Bologna.

20. scorpioides. Root bulbous. Stem
very short, 1—3-flowered. First L. short;
later lanceolato-lnear, acuminate, channeled
and keeled. Tube of Cor. very long and slen-

360 778. IRIS.

der: 3 of the segments small, reflexed ; others
large, erect. Stigmas large. FY. pale violet
or white. p. 11-8. Rocks and barren hills.
Pal. Sardinia.

21. jumcea. Root bulbous: covering at
last scariose. Stem exceeding most of the L.,
about 2-flowered. Tube of Cor. long and
slender: larger segments reflexed; smaller
erect, lanceolate, obtuse, yellow. p. 4. Genoa.

22. Sisyrinchium. Root bulbous: co-
vering a net-work. L. exceeding 3-5-flowered
stem. Sheaths scariose. Tube of Cor. very
long. p. 4, 5. Genoa. Cal. Cors. Sard. Sic.

iii. L. 4-edged.

23. tuberosa. Root tuberous, fibrous.
Stem 1-flowered. Blade of outer Segm. of
Cor. dark, velvety, purple. p. 2-5. s. Fr. It.

CIV. AMARYLLIDE.

Perianth sessile, 6-parted. Segments all petal-like.
Capsule 3-celled. Dissepiments attached to the valves. Seeds numerous.

wards. Style 1.

779. STERNBERGIA.

1. colchiciflora. Scape very short. Tube
of Cor. slender: outer segments mucronulate.
L. narrow linear, occurring after the yellow
flowers. p. 9,10. Monte Priore, Picenum.
Piano di Cinque Miglia, Abr.

2. lutea. Scape 3 or 4 inches long. Tube
of Cor. thick, and very short: segments point-
less. L. linear, appearing with the yedlow flow-
ers. p. 9, 10. Olive-grounds and meadows.
Montp. Rovigno, It. oce.

780. PANCRATIUM.

1. maritimum. L. linear, loosely twisted.
Sheath many-flowered. Tube of Cor. long:
segments lanceolato-linear. [7. white. p. 6-8.
Shores. s. Fr. Lig. Terrac. Ischia. Sard.

2. illyricum. L. broad lingulate. Sheath
many-flowered. Tube of Cor. short : segments
lanceolate. (Nectary not staminiferous, PERs.)
p. 5. Shores. Cors. Sard. Civ. Vecchia.

781. NARCISSUS.

Tube of Corolla
Crown campa-

A. L. flat, linear, obtuse.
short, obversely conical.
nulate, dentate. Sp. 1-3.

B. L. flat, linear, obtuse. Corolla hypocra-
teriform.
i. Scape nearly cylindrical. Sp. 4-6.
ii. Scape 2-edged. Crown cup-shaped.
a. Crown yellow. Sp. 7-12.
b. Crown white, as well as Petals. Sp.
13-15.

C. L. convoluto-setaceous. Sp. 16, 17.

Stamens 6. Anthers bursting in-

D. L. semicylindrical and channeled at base.
Sp. 18-23.

A. L. flat, linear, obtuse. Scape \-flowered.
Tube of Corolla short, obconical. Crown
campanulate, dentate.

1. Pseudo-narcissus. Scape 2-edged,
striate. Fl. nearly sessile in sheath. Crown
erect, nearly as long as segments of corolla.
Stamens equal. p.3, 4. Woods and mea-
dows.

2. minor. Scape 2-edged, without stripes.
Fl. on a long stalk within the sheath. Crown
6-lobed, fully as long as segments of corolla.
p. 3, 4. Woods and heaths. Dax.

3. incomparabilis. Scape slightly 2-
edged. Fl. nearly sessile in sheath. Tube al-
most cylindrical. Crown erect, half as long
as segments of corolla. Stamens equal. p. 4.
Meadows. wiadt. Fr. It.

B. L. nearly flat. Fl. hypocraterzform.

i. Scape nearly terete.

4. calathinus. Scape terete, 2—4-flow-
ered. Crown campanulate, nearly entire, as
long as lanceolate, somewhat reflexed segments
of corolla. Tube short. p. 4. Isle of Gle-
nans, Britt.

5. dubius. Scape obtusely compressed, 2—
6-flowered. Crown denticulate, half as long
as oval, obtuse segments. Fl. all white. p.

4,5. mdt. Fr.
6. chrysanthus. Scape compressed, 3—
10-flowered (8-15, Lots.). Crown orange,

about one-third of lanceolato-ovate, apiculate,
yellow segments. p.3. Grasse.

AMARYLLIDEA. 361

ii. Scape 2-edged.
a. Crown yellow.

7. poeticus. Scape 1-flowered, striate.
Crown of Fl. very short, saucer-shaped, with
ared, crenulate margin. Segm. of Perianth
ovate, white. Germen 2-edged. p. 4, 5.
Grassy. Fr, Austrian shore. Vallais. Pays de
Vaud. Italy.

8. radiiflorus. Scape 1-flowered, striate.
Crown erect, cup-shaped, with a red, crenulate
margin. Germen round. p. 4, 5. Hills.
adr. Aust. Styr. Vall.

9. biflorus. Scape striate, 1—3-flowered.
Crown of Fl. not one-third petals, yellow,
with crenulate margin. Segm. broad ovate,
pale yellowish. p.5. Meadows. Fr. Vall.
Italy.

10. patulus. Scape 2-6-fiowered. Crown
of FI. very short, golden, with 6 broad, nearly
entire lobes, hardly half as long as elliptico-
ovate, very pale segments. p. 1-3. Hills.
Calarita. Isl. of Hyéres.

11. preecox. Scape 6-12-flowered. Crown
golden, 6-cleft, about one-sixth of oblongo-
lanceolate segments. Segm. lemon-coloured,
as long as tube. p.3. Sienna. Nap.

12. Tazetta. Scape 2-12-fiowered. Crown
of Fl. golden, quite entire. Mouth contracted,
half as long as ovate, very pale segments. p.
3,4. Meadows im clayey soil, s. Fr. Osero.
Italy.

B. orientalis. Margin of Crown crenate.

This seems to be the N. italicus of Guss.

b. Crown and petals white.

13. polyanthus. Scape slightly 2-edged,
8—20-flowered. Crown of FI. rather yellow at
first, afterwards white, not crenulate, about
one-third as long as ovate, alternately wider,
seements. p.3. Stony. Toulon. Nice.

14. niveus. Scape 6-10-flowered. Crown
of Fl. white, undivided, repando-crenulate,

about one-fourth as long as ovato-oblong,’

white, mucronulate segments. Germen nearly
globular. p. 3,4. Cult. Toul. Grasse. To-
rano near Sarzana. Duby joins to this N. sub-
albidus of Lois., which has a yellow and some-
what 6-lobed crown, and appears nearer to
Tazetta.

15. unicolor. Scape 10—15-flowered. Stalks
very unequal. Crown of Fl. gucte white, un-
divided, subrepand, equal to one-sixth of ob-

long, acute segments. p.1, 2. Base of Ve-

suvius. Capri.

C. L. convoluto-setaceous.

16. serotinus. “ Scape 1-flowered. Crown
pitcher-shaped, crenate, somewhat sexpartite,
greenish-yellow. Div. of Cor. white, lineari-
lanceolate, the alternate ones apiculate, (7, 8,
Bert.) times as long as crown. L. appearing
after the flowers. p. 9,10. Open hills. Pal.
Pantellaria.”—Guss.

17. cupanianus. Scape slender, cylin-
drical, 1—7-flowered. LL. after flowers. Crown
golden, entire or crenulate, undivided, about
half as long as lanceolate, mucronate, very
white segments. p. 9, 10. Coasts. Cors.
Sard. Calab. Sie.

D. L. (at the base at least) semicylindrical
and channeled.

18. letus. L.flatatthetop. Scape 1-3-
flowered. Crown of Cor. somewhat 6-cleft,
repand, waved, half as long as lanceolate, ob-
tuse segments. p. 2,3. Grasse.

19. ochroleucus. Scape nearly round,
smooth, 4-8-flowered. Crown of Cor. pale
yellow, quite entire, half as long as the subro-
tundo-ovate, unequally broad, nearly white
segments. p.4. elds. Toulon?

20. odorus. Scape nearly round, 1-5-
flowered. Crown campanulate, 6-lobed. Lobes
entire, half as long as oblong, acute segments.
Fl. golden. p. 3, 4. Felds and olive-grounds.
Lucca. Meadows. w.and s. Fr. Lucea.

21. intermedius. Scape nearly round,
1-3-flowered. Crown of Cor. very open, waved,
almost entire, equalling one-fourth of broadly
ovate segments. 7. yellow. p.3,4. Hills.
Bayonne. Seems hardly distinct from N.Jou-
quilla.

22. Sonquilla. Scape round, 2—6-flow-
ered. Crown of Cor. undivided, very open,
slightly crenulate, equalling one-third of ovate,
mucronulate segments. 7. golden. Tube
greenish-y yellow. L. subulate. p. 3, 4. Stony y-
Lang. Prov. Pozzuolo in Lucca.

N. trilobus, sazd by Persoon to resemble N.
Jonquilla, and to be found in s. Eur., 1s not
mentioned by more recent authors.

23. Bulbocodium. Scape smooth, cy-
lindrical, 1-flowered. Crown top-shaped, en-
tire, equalling lineari-lanceolate, acute seg-
ments. L. semicylindrical, very narrow. 7.
yellow. p.5,6. Heaths. Bayonne. Dax. Agen.

3A

362 782. LEUCOJUM.

782. LEUCOJUM.

A. Style filiform.

1. hyemale. Sheath of 2 valves, with 2
flowers. Segm. of Cor. lanceolate, acuminate,
slightly exceeding stamens. L. narrow linear,
flat. Fl. white. p.2. Rocks. Villa Franca
near Nice.

2. roseum. Sheath of 2 valves, with 1
flower. Segm. of Cor. oblong, with a short,
blunt acumen. Style twice as long as stamens.
L, filiform. Fl. pimk. p. 2. Corsica.

3. autumnale. Sheath of | valve with 2
flowers. Segm. of Cor. oval; the inner end-
ing in 3 teeth. L. filiform. p. 9-11. Rocks
on coast. Mtp.? Nice. Cors. Sard. Sic.

B. Style club-shaped.

4, vernum. Sheath of 1 valve, with 1
very open, campanulate flower. Pet. topped

' with green.

p. 2,3. Moist meadows and
Fr. G. nu. It.

5. eestivum. Sheath of 1 oblong valve,
many-flowered. p.4,5. Marshes. s. Kng.
s. Fr. s. ands. e. G. Lomb.

shade.

783. GALANTHUS.

1. nivalis. Bulb ovoid. 1. narrow li-
near. Outer Segm. of FI. oblongo-lanceolate,
twice as long asinner. Inner with green tips.
p. 2,3. Shady hills. Fr. G. un. and m. It.

2. Imperati. Bulb globose. IL. broad
linear, flat. Outer Segm. of Cor. ovato-ob-
long, one-third longer than inner. p. 4, 5.
K. Nap.

784. AGAVE.

1. americana. L. fleshy, with spinescent
teeth. Scape much branched. p. 6. Warm
rocky. Escapes. Occ.

CV. ASPARAGEA.

Perianth petal-like, 6-cleft, or of 6 L. (in Paris and Maianthemum the divisions are

only 4).
anastomosing veins.

FL. COMPLETE. GERMEN SUPERIOR.
785. ASPARAGUS.

A. Herbaceous, erect.

1. tenuifolius. Branches numerous, leafy.
L. fasciculate, setaceous, flexile, quite smooth.
Fl.-stalks axillary, with joining near the top.
p. 5, 6. Woods and mountain meadows. Cev.

Avig. Grasse ? Istria. Shore of Carn. n. and m.
Italy.

2. officinalis. Branches and L. quite
smooth. LL. filiform, in small fascicles. FI.-
stalks nodding, with joming in the middle or
a little above. p.5. Sandy coasts, s. and s. w.
Fr. Moist rocky, Cornw. Fertile meadows,
G. Shade, n. It. Sic.

3. seaber. L. and stripes of Stem denti-
culato-scabrous. L. filiform. Fl.-stalks re-
eurved ; joming above the middle. p. 5. Sandy
shores. Mtp. Aigues Mortes. Shores of Adriatic.

B. Shrubby.

4. albus. Stem flexuose, with divaricate

Stamens as many as divisions of Perianth. Anthers bursting inwards.
culent, of 3 cells (2 in Matanthemum, 4 in Paris).

Fruit sue-
Seeds fixed to the central angle. L. with

thorns. L. fasciculate, 3-edged, obtuse, fili-
form. F'l.-stalk with joining near the base.
s.S. Shores. Venice. Sic. Sard. Cors.

5. acutifolius. Unarmed. Branches nu-
merous, hairy. L. many in a bundle, needle-
shaped, rigid, cuspidate. F'l.-stalks with joim-
ing in the middle. All Segm. of Cor. recurved.
w. 8,9. Dry bushy. mdt. Fr. Trieste. Italy.

6. aphyllus. Unarmed. Branches nu-
merous, hairy. L. few in a bundle, needle-
shaped. Fl.-stalks with joming in the middle.
Three Segm. of Cor. reflexed. w. 9, 10.
Woody coasts. Sic.—BERt.

7. horridus. Leafless. Stem. smooth.
Prickles angular, leaf-like, thick, alternate,
somewhat spreading. w. 4, 5. Sandy hills.
Val di Noto.

786. STREPTOPUS.

1. amplexifolius. Smooth. L. amplexi-
caul. Fl.-stalks solitary, geniculate. p. 6, 7.

ASPARAGEZE, 363

Mountain woods. Alps. Sil. Vosges. Pyr. Auv.
Calabria.

787. PARIS.
l. quadrifolia. LL. 4—7. Cal. and Cor.
spreading. p. 5,6. Woods. Ung. Fr. G.
Italy. oce.

788. CONVALLARIA.

A. Corolla cylindrical. Stem leafy.

1. verticillata. Stem erect, angular. L.
lineari-lanceolate, in whorls. p. 5, 6. Woody
hills. Sc. Fr. G. It.

2. Polygonatum. Siem erect, angular.
L. alternate, elliptical, subamplexicaul, smooth.
Stalks axillary, smooth, 1-3-flowered. Stamens
smooth. p. 5,6. Woods. Ung. oce. Fr. G.
Italy.

3. latifolia. Stem erect, angular. L. al-
ternate, ovate, acuminate, somewhat stalked,
hairy on veins beneath. Stalks axillary, pubes-
cent, 1-4-flowered. Stamenssmooth. p. 5,6.
Woody hills. Aust. Styr.—Kocu. Seems to
be a var. of Sp. 2.

4, moultifiora. Stem round. LL. amplexi-
caul, alternate, ovato-oblong or elliptic, smooth.
Stalks axillary, 3-5-flowered, smooth. Fil.
hairy. p. 5, 6. Most woods. Eng. oce.
Fr. G. It.

B. bracteata. Rac. somewhat leafy.

B. Corolla campanulate. Scape naked.

5. majalis. Rac. terminal, one-sided. Fl.
cernuous. p.5. Shade.

789. MAIANTHEMUM.

1. bifolium. Stem with 2 alternate cor-
date L. p.5,6. Woods. Fr. G. n. It.

FL. DIGCIOUS. GERMEN SUPERIOR.
790. RUSCUS.

1. aculeatus. L. rigid, acuminate, mu-
cronate, bearing 1—2 flowers on the upper sur-
face. Bracts minute, scariose. s.S. 3, 4.
Thickets. Eng. Fr. s. G. It.

2. Hypoglossum. LL. oblongo-lanceo-
late, acuminate, pointless, bearing several
flowers on the upper surface. Bract leaf-like,
lanceolate, acute. s.S. 3, 4. Thickets. Nice.
Carn. Monte Baldo. Rome. Nap.

3. Efypophyllum. L. ovate, acute, bear-
ing the flowers beneath. s.S. Venetian is-

lands. Woods near Fiume.—Pot..
791. SMILAX.
1. aspera. LL. subhastato-cordate, ovate

or lanceolate, coriaceous, aculeato-dentate. w.
8. Dry thickets. Mat.

2. migra. LL. .cordato-oblong, coriaceous,
unarmed, 7-nerved. Stem with few or no
prickles. Berries black. w. Monte Maggiore,
Istria.—PoL.

3. mauritanica. LL. cordate, nervose,
coriaceous, unarmed. L.-stalks with Tendrils
at the base. Fl. mracemes.—Lo1s. Berries
red. w.5,6. Isl. of Hyéres. Cors. Nap.

FL. DIGCIOUS. GERMEN INFERIOR.
792. TAMUS.

|
J]. communis. L. cordate, acuminate, un-

divided. p.4. Hedges and thickets.

CVI. LILIACEA.

Perianth inferior, petal-like, in 6 divisions. Stamens 6.. Anthers bursting inwards. Ovary

of 3 cells and many seeds affixed to the central angle.

valves.
‘SEEDS FLAT. STIGMAS 3. NECTARY 0.
STYLE 0.
793. TULIPA.

A. Bulb woolly.
1. gesneriana. L. lanceolate, wavy. Stem

Fruit dry. Dissepiment attached to the

1-flowered, smooth. Fl. erect. Pet. obovate,
obtuse, smooth. Fil. smooth. p. Mountains
about Nice. Not noticed by Bertoloni.

2. przecox. “Stem at last exceeding up-
per L. Outer Pet. acuminate: basal spot
broad, ovato-oblong. p. 3,4. Prov. It.’—

a AN

364

Bert. “Outer Pet. somewhat obtuse (ix
fig.) ; toner one-fourth shorter. Fl. broad at
base, hardly or not at all expanding at top.’”—
JORDAN.

3. Oculus-Solis. “ Stem always falling
short of upper L. Outer Pet. acuminate; in-
ner acute: all with a long and narrow basal
spot. p.4,5. Cult. wmdt. Fr. Sitten in the
Vallais. It.”—BeErr.

4. maleolens. “Smooth. L. narrow lan-
ceolate ; the uppermost exceeding the flower-
stalk. Outer Pet. ovato-lanceolate, acuminate,
narrowed at base; inner obversely oblong, ob-
tuse. Spot occupying whole base, cuneate,
(anticé) emarginate, eroso-lacerate; that of
the outer Pet. broadest. p.4,5. Olive-grounds.
Lucca. San Miniato near Florence.’”—Brrt.

5. apula. . “Wool of the Bulb yellow.
Lower L. oblongo-lanceolate; upper lineari-
lanceolate, exceeding stem. A rhombeo-ovate
spot at the base of petals. Anthers very long.
p. 4. Apula.”—BeErr.

6. clusiana. Smooth. L. lanceolato-li-
near; the uppermost shorter than stem. Outer
Pet. larger, oblongo-lanceolate, acute, somewhat
pink along the back, white within; wwner ob-
tuse, coloured. Basal Spot short, rhombic.
p. 4,5. Vineyards and olive-grounds. Nice.
s. Fr. Sarzana. Flor.

B. Bulb without wool.

7. celsiana. Stem smooth. L. lineari-
lanceolate, acuminate, channeled. FI. erect.
Pet. oblongo-lanceolate, acute, smooth at tip.
Stamens hirsute at base. p. 5,6. Meadows.
Mtp. Narb.

8. Didieri. Stem smooth. L. lanceolato-
oblong, falling short of flowers. Fl. rounded
at base and somewhat contracted above. Pet.
elliptic, acute; the outer recurved at top. Fil.
quite hairless. Pet. of the colour of those of
T. Oculus-Solis, with a bluash-grey spot at the
base bordered with yellow. p. 5. Fields.
Clappey near St. Jean de Maurienne in Savoy.

9. sylvestris. Stem smooth. L. broadly
lineari-lanceolate (or linear, BERT.), acuminate.
Fl. rather nodding. Pet. broad lanceolate,
acute, bearded at top. Stamens hirsute at
base. p. 5, 6. Meadows and cult. Fr.m. and
s. G. Italy.

10. serotina. “Smooth. L. lanceolate ;
uppermost falling short of stem. Outer Pet.
ovato-oblong, acuminate, narrow at base; in-
ner obversely oblong, mucronulate, all bearded

793. TULIPA.

at the tip. Basal Spot short. Fil. subulato-
filiform, hairless. £7. blood-colour. p. 5, 6.
Villa Antenoreana, Flor.’—BeErt.

11. spatulata. “Smooth. L. ovato-ob-
long or lanceolate ; uppermost falling short of
stem. Outer Pet. elliptic, ovate, acute ; inner
broadly obovato-spatulate, very blunt. Basal
Spot cuneate, short. FV. crimson. p. 5. Villa
Antenoreana, Flor.”—BeErrt.

12. scabriscapa. ‘“Glaucous. Stem pu-
bescent. Lower L. oblongo-lanceolate; upper
narrow. Pet. elliptico-ovate, acute, somewhat
recurved at tip; inner with a hollow on each
side of an apiculus. Basal Spot short, rhom-
bic, erose at top, acute. p. 4,5. Cult. Bo-
logna and Flor.”—Brrv.

794. FRITILLARIA.

1. montana. L. linear, acute; lowest op-
posite or in threes. Floral L. 2, opposite, dis-
tant from the others. Fl. usually solitary.
Pet. tesselate, obtuse, straight, bearded at tip.
Nect. subovate. p. 5,6. Grassy hills on
coast. Adriatic.

2. pyrenaica. ‘“ L. linear, channeicd ;
lowest opposite. Stem 1—3-flowered. Pet.
hardly tesselate, incurved. p. 3. Pyr. Dau.
Prov.” —Dvsy.

3. Meleagris. L. linear, recurved, alter-
nate, spaced equally ; floral L. sometimes op-
posite. Stem 1-flowered. Pet. tesselate, in-
curved. Nect. linear. p. 4,5. Movst pas-
tures. Eng. w. Fr. Sw. rare. G. scattered.
Nice. Col di Tende.

4, messanensis. lL. linear, alternate.
Floral L. usually 3 together. Pet. cuneate;
the outer narrow, obversely oblong. Dull
purple, with a yellowish back, not tesselate.
Nect. linear. p. 4,5. Hills on coast. Reggio.
Messina.— BERT.

795. LILIUM.

A. Flowers campanutate.

1. candidum. UL. lanceolate, undulate,
scattered. Fl. stalked, terminal, nodding,
smooth within, whzte. p. 5,6. Jura? Ostia.
Pontine marshes. Cors. Sic.

2. bulbiferum. L. scattered, lineari-lan-
ceolate, flat. Fl. erect, rough within, orange.
p. 6, 7. Moist woody hills. Als. Dau. Prov.
G. occ. It. “ In colder situations the plant
produces bulbs in the axit of the L.’—Brxr.

LILIACEA. 365

B. Petals revolute. Flowers cernuous.

3. pomponium. UL. scattered, lineari-su-
bulate; the lowest lanceolate, obtuse. Fl. pa-
pilose within. Segm. lineari-lanceolate, acute,
orange-red. p. 5,6. Dau. Provence. Li-
guria.

4. pyrenaicum. “ L. scattered, lineari-
lanceolate. Fl. few, somewhat umbellate (with
dark dots within). Segm. lineari-lanceolate,
obtuse, yellow. p.6. Pyr. (Mt. Laurenti.
Larhune.)’’—Dvusy.

5. carniolicum. L. scattered: all lanceo-
late, ciliate on margin and on nerves beneath.
Fl. few, racemose, with raised lines and warts
within. Segm. lanceolate, subobtuse, scarlet.
vp. 5, 6. Carn. and the Austrian coast. Monte
Sommano in the Vicentine..

6. Martagon. Intermediate L. in whorls,
oblongo-lanceolate, acuminate, rough on mar-
gin. Fl. a winy red. p. 7. Mountain
woods. Fr. G. n. It.

SEEDS ROUNDED OR ANGULAR.
796. ERYTHRONIUM.

1. Dens-Ganis. L. (oblongo-elliptic, Kocu)
(broadly lanceolate, Dusy). Pet. acute; the
inner somewhat auricled. p. 4,5. Woody
jilis. Dau. Nice. Mtp. Bayonne. w. Sw. very
rare. Carn. Sty. n. It.

797. LLOYDIA.

1. serotina. Bulb oblong. Root-L. su-
bulate, semiterete. Stem-L. lineari-lanceolate.
Fl, usually solitary. p. 6-8. High.

798. ASPHODELUS.

A. Upper Stamens erect. Stem naked.

1. albus. L. linear, acutely keeled. Rac.
crowded, simple, or with 1 or 2 branches at
base. Caps. nearly as long as petals, about

Lin. long. p. 5. s. France. Carn. n. and m.
Italy.

2. ramosus. L. linear, acutely keeled.
Stem much branched in its whole length. Caps.
one-third of petals, about + im. long. p. 4,
5. Dry. dt. Fr. Fiume. It. s. of Apenn.
Cors. Sard.

3. fistulosus. lL. hollow, semiterete.

Scape branched.

Fl. solitary, remote.
4. Dry coasts.

s. Fr. It. s. of Apenn.

B. All the Stamens bent down. Stem leafy.

4. liburnicus. Stem densely leafy at base,
naked at top. LL. filiform, 3-edged, with den-
ticulate stripes. Fl.in lax racemes. Bracts
very small. p.6. Bushy meadows. Istria.
K. Naples.

5. luteus. Stem leafy to the raceme. L.
filiform, 3-edged, spreading. Rac. crowded.
Bracts nearly as long as flowers. p. 5. Fiume.
Rome. Apenn. Monte Circello. Cal. Sic.

Pp. 3,

799. ANTHERICUM.

1. ramosum. Root of thick, bundled fi-
bres. LL. linear, channeled, shorter than the
branched scape. Fl. remote. Style straight.
p. 6,7. Stony hills. Fr. G.n. It.

2. Liliago. Root of thick, bundled fibres.
L. linear, channeled, shorter than the nearly
simple scape. Lower Bracts with a filiform
tip. Style bent down. p. 5, 6. Thickets.
Fr. n. and m. G. It.

3. fugax. Bulb ovate. Root-L. lineari-
filiform, channeled. Scape naked. Rac. sim-
ple, lax. p. 7, 8. Dry hills. s. Sard.—
Bert.

800. SIMETHIS.

1. planifolia (Phalangium bicolor). Root
of several cylindrical tubers. LL. linear. Rac.
compound. Fil. thickened above the middle.
p. 5. Sandy. near Poole. w. Fr. Cannes.
Hyéres. Cors. Sard.

801. PARADISIA.

1. Liliastrum. L. flat.

Scape simple.
p. 7,8. High pastures.

Pyr. Alps. Lucca.

802. SCILLA.

A. Flowers without L.
i. Bracts at base of flower-stalks.

1. maritima. Bulb very large, coated.
L. elliptico-oblong. Rac. long, conical, many-
flowered. Bracts spurred, refracted. FV. penky.
p. 8-10. Sandy shores. s. Fr. It.

2. undulata. L. lanceolato-linear, undu-
late. Rac. lax. Bracts lineari-subulate, much
shorter than stalk. Pet. lineari-spatulate.
Fl. stellate, purple: p. 8, 9. Pastures.

| Bonit. Sard.

366 802. SCILLA.

ii. No Bracts.

3. obtusifolia. L. lingulate, short. Rac.
lax. Caps. subrotund, 3-edged, obtuse. 7.
smooth, stellate, violet. p. 10, 11. Pas-
dures. Sard.

4. autumnalis. L. narrow lmear, chan-
neled. Rac. at first corymbose. fl. small,
stellate, d/ue. Pet. elliptico-lanceolate, obtuse.
Caps. top-shaped, apiculate. p. 8-10. Vine-
yards and gravelly pastures. occ.

B. Howers and L. appearing at the same
time.

i. Flower-stalks without bracts.

5. intermedia. L. 4 or 5, broad linear,
flat, somewhat recurved. Scape with rough
stripes at the base. Rac. lax, cylindrical.
Cor. small. Caps. top-shaped, emarginate.
p. 9, 10. Hills. Palermo.

6. bifolia. L. about 2, lanceolate, recurved,
sheathing the scape. Rac. lax, nodding when
in fruit. p. 3-5. Shady pastures. Fr. Bav.
s. and e. G. It.

ii. Bracts at base of the flower-stalks.

7. verna. Bulb simple. Scape round. L.
erect, linear, hooded. Corymb simple. Bracts
single, lanceolate, as long as flower-stalk.
Caps. with 3 edges and 3 furrows, apiculate.
p. 3,4. Sandy fields. Eng. rare. w. Fr.

8. italica. Bulb simple. L. 2-5, narrow
linear, obtuse. Rac. conical. Bracts in pairs,
one of which is as long as flower-stalk. Pet.
pale blue. Caps. rounded, 3-edged. p. 4, 5.
Lig. Berne. Ober Baden.

9. amoena. Bulb simple or with a few
small bulbs at base. Scape half round, with
acute angles, and bearing a few remote flowers.
Bracts small, sometimes im pairs, truncate.
‘Caps. top-shaped, subemarginate. p. 3, 4.
Sandy. Marencin in the Landes. Euganean
Hills.

10. Gilio-Hyacinthus.
L. broad lanceolate, acute, pressed to ground,
shorter than scape. Rac. few-flowered. Bracts
linear, nearly equalling or exceeding flower-
stalk, smgle. Pet. linear, obtuse. p. Sands.
Dax.” —Dvusy.

11. hyacinthoides. Bulb proliferous. L.
broadly linear, long, keeled, acute. Rac. long,
Jax, cylindrical. Stalks somewhat whorled,
much longer than open, campanulate flowers.

“ Bulb scaly. |

Bracts very small, truncate. Pet. lanceolate,
obtuse. p.4,5. Dry. Grasse. Nice.

12. peruviana. L. oblong or lanceolate,
sometimes ciliate. Thyrsus dense, at last co-
rymbose. Bracts lanceolate. Caps. rostrate.
p. 4, 5. Genoa. Ins. Sacra. Sic. Zhe name
arises from some mistake: the plant has not
been found in S. America. Gussone divides
this into three species :—

1. peruviana. Primary L. lanceolate, acu-
minate. Rac. compact, conical. Not found
um Ste.

2. sicula. Primary L. broadly linear, rather
acute. Corymb large, many-flowered, convex.

3. Ugh. Primary L. ovate. Corymb
large, concave.

13. Cupani. “L, lanceolate, shortly and
densely ciliate. Corymb few-flowered. Bracts
acuminate. Pet. at last connivent. Caps.
rostrate. p. 4, 5. Val di Mazzara.”—BErt.

803. HYACINTHUS.

1. patulus. L. broadly linear, narrowed at
each end. Rae. lax. Bracts in pairs. Cor.
nodding. Tips of Pet. recurved. p. 3, 4.
s. Fr.? Bassano. Ascoli. Lucca. Rome. Usu-
ally put with Scilla; but all botanists seem
agreed that the petals are united at the base.

2. romanus. L. exceeding scape. Bracts
bag-like. Cor. campanulate. Fil. lanceolate.
Caps. 3-edged, obtuse. p. 5. Pastures. s.
Fr. m. and s. It.

3. dubius. IL. exceeding scape. Rac. cy-
lindrical. Bracts single, not forming a bag.
Cor. campanulate. Fil. subulate, broad, and
connate at base. Caps. deeply emarginate.
p. 3, 4. Meadows. Palermo.

4. serotinus. “IL. linear, channeled,
shorter than scape. Rac. one-wayed. Bracts
ovate, acuminate, exceeding flower-stalk. Cor.
campanulate, divided below the middle. Outer
Segm. oblong, spreading; inner connate.”—
Dusy. p. 6-8. Stony. mat. Fr. oce. Pyr.
near Valletria. Mtp.

5. amethystinus. “IL. linear, narrow.
Rac. lax. Bracts linear, membranous, solitary,
somewhat exceeding flower-stalk. Cor. cam-
panulate, cylindrical at base. Lobes ovate, ob-
tuse. p.(5). Central Pyrenees.”—Dupy.

6. nonscriptus. L. broadly linear. Fl.
nodding at first, nearly cylindrical in lower
part. Bracts 2, unequal. Pet. obtuse, revo-

LILIACH A. 367

lute at the tip. p. 5.
w. Fr. Belg.

Woods.
Not in G. or It.

Br. m. and

7. orientalis. Young L. straight. Bracts
very short, single, sometimes cloven. Fl.
racemose, funnel-shaped, swelling at base,
longer than stalk. Segm. lanceolato-linear. p.
3,4. Prov. Dax. Sarzana. Lucca. Bologna.

8. fastigiatus. L. narrow linear. Co-
rymb few-flowered, erect. Bracts solitary,
long lanceolate. Tube of Cor. short, some-
what swelling at base. Segm. oblong, spread-
ing. p. 3, 4. Cors. Sard. Has been sup-
posed a var. of Scilla verna.

9. trifoliatus. “ L. lanceolate or lineari-
lanceolate, ciliate. Rac. lax. Cor. campanu-
late, angular, as long as cernuous stalk. Caps.
subrotundo-elliptic, 3-edged, truncate at each
end. p. ffelds. Apul.”—TEn.

10. ciliatus. L. lanceolate, subobtuse, dense-

ly ciliate. Panicle simple, lax. Fi.-stalks
very long, spreading, one-flowered. Cor. cy-
lindrical, cloven for one-third of length. Caps.
turbinato-oblong, 8-edged. p. 5. Apulia.
—BErt.

804. MUSCARI.

1. comosum. JL. broadly linear. FI.
prismatic; the upper abortive on long stalks.
DOO) (Culiq rs Galt:

2. maritimum. “ L. narrow linear, ca-
naliculato-convolute. Rac. cylindrical. Fl.
urceolate, yellow, much longer than stalks ;
terminal abortive, sessile. p. 4, 5. Terra-
nuova, Sic.’—BrErrt,

3. botryoides. L. broad linear, erect, as
long as scape. Rac. lax. Fl. globose ; (upper
abortive, sessile, Kocu.) p.3,4. Cult. s.
Fr. Liége. Rhine, &c. n. It.

4. racemosum. L. narrow linear, flaccid,
recurved, exceeding scape. Rac. dense when in
flower. Fl. tiled downwards, ovate (teeth paler,
BERT.) ; upper abortive, sessile. p. 4, 5. Cult.
s. and m. Europe.

5. commutatum. “ L. narrow linear,
channeled, glaucous above, striped. Rac. of
Fl. lax, tiled downwards. Cor. dark blue,
ovato-oblong: teeth of the same colour. p.
3,4. Coasts. It. Sic.’—BeErr.

6. parviflorum. IL. terete, somewhat
chameled. Rac. lax. Cor. nearly ovate, an-
gular. Bracts 2, 1 a little below the flower-
stalk. p.9,10. Pal. Catania. Syrac.

805. GAGHA.

A. Root horizontal, covered with cylindrieat
ascending bulbs, or napulr.

1. Granatelli. Corymb about 4-flowered.
Stalks and outer base of Fl. rather woolly. p.
3,4. Foot of Monte Pellegrino, Sic.

B. Root with 2, accessory, naked, leafless
bulbs.

2. stenopetala. Root-L. solitary, linear,
attenuate at both ends, flat, sharply keeled.
Floral L. 2, opposite. Bulbs of the year
clavate. ¥\.-stalks simple, smooth. p. 4, 5.
Fields and dry pastures.

B. pratensis. Outer floral L. sheath-like.
Bulbs of year ovate.

3. Liottardi. Root-L. 1 or 2, fistulose,
semiterete, channeled at base. Floral L. op-
posite. Stalks simple, villous. Pet. elliptico-
lanceolate, obtuse. Bulb nearly round. p.
5, 6. Mountain pastures. Sw. Tyr. Salzb.
Carinthia.

4. spathacea. Root-L. 2, erect, filiform,
semiterete, hardly channeled. Floral L. soli-
tary, remote from the 2-5-flowered umbel.
Stalks simple, smooth. Pet. oblongo-lanceo-
late, obtuse. Bulb ovoid. p. 4, 5. Doist
shade. u.G.

C. Accessory Bulb 1, included in the common
tunic.

5. arvensis. Root-L. 2, linear, channeled,
obtusely keeled, recurved. Stem-L. 0. Floral
L. 2, opposite. Fl.-stalks branched, villous.
Pet. lanceolate. Bulb nearly globose. p. 3,
4. Cultivated.

6. saxatilis. Root-L. 2, filiform, chan-
neled. Stem-L. alternate, lanceolate, acuminate.
FL. terminal, generally solitary. Pet. oblongo-
lanceolate, obtuse. Germen oblongo-ovoid,
with slightly convex faces. Bulb nearly glo-
bose. p. 3. Morst. rocky. . Palat. Thur.
Hartz. Sic.

7. bohemica. L. 2, filiform, channeled.
Stem-L. lanceolate, acuminate, alternate. FI.
terminal, generally solitary. Pet. spatulato-
oblong. Germen obcordate, with concave faces.
Bulb nearly globose. p. 8,4. Moist rocky.
Boh. Mor. Sil.

8. minima. Root-L. solitary, erect, linear,
flat, or slightly channeled. Floral=L. solitary.
Umbel 2-5-flowered. Rays smooth. Pet.
lineari-lanceolate, acuminate. Bulb ovoid. p.
4,5. Woods, thickets, and pastures. Alps.

868 805. GAGHA.

D. No accessory bulb.

9. lutea. Root-L. solitary, erect, lineari-
lanceolate, abruptly acuminate, flat, acutely
keeled. Floral L. 2, nearly opposite. . Umbel
simple. Stalks smooth. Pet. oblong, obtuse.
Bulb ovoid. p. 4, 5. Thickets and shady
meadows. G.

10. pusilla. Root-L. solitary, gradually
tapering to a point, channeled. Floral L. 2,
nearly opposite, smooth. Pet. lanceolate, ob-
tuse. Bulb ovoid. p. 3,4. Stony woods.
Boh. Vienna.

11. nebrodensis. “ Bulb included in
somewhat flexuose, ascending fibres. Root-L.
1 or 2, filiform, hairless. Floral L. alternate, 1-2
lines broad. Scape 2—4-flowered. Stalks alter-
nate, densely villous. Pet. narrow lineari-ob-
long, obtuse, somewhat villous at base. p. 4,
5. High open hills. Madonie.”——Guss.

12. chrysantha. Smooth. Root-L. 2, li-
neari-filiform. Floral L. lineari-lanceolate, sub-
ciliate, somewhat sheathing. Corymb 1-3-
flowered, exceeding L. Pet. obovato-oblong, ob-
tuse, yellow. (Bulb nidulant, Guss.) p. 4, 5.
Open hills. Sic.

18. busambrensis. “ Bulb very small,
included in a few ascending fibres. Root-L.
about 5, lineari-filiform, ciliate. Scape naked,
1-flowered, villous. Pet. hairless, linear, some-
what acute. p. 38. Stony pastures below the
Obelisk at Busambra.”—Guss.

806. ORNITHOGALUM.

A. Flowers in a corymb, white. Filaments
lanceolate, simple. (Outer Filaments di-
lated at base, DUBY.)

1. arabicum. UL. linear, channeled. Co-
rymb spreading. Bracts cordate, acuminate.
Outer Pet. with 3 teeth! (Alternate Fil. sub-
emarginate, Linn.) (Bulb with a few offsets,
Part.) p- 6. Prades. Rous. Nice. Bonifacio.
Sicily.

2. refractum. Bulb with offsets. L. li-
near, channeled, with a white middle line.
Bracts ovato-oblong, shortly acute, hardly ex-
ceeding flower-stalks. Lower Fruit-stalks
bent downwards. p. 4,5. elds and vine-
yards. Trieste. Sic. Smaller than O. ex-
scapum.

3. umbellatum. Bulbs with offsets. L.
linear, channeled, with a white middle line.
Margin naked. _Fl.-stalks spreading, nearly at
right angles. Fl. turned upwards, exceeding

lanceolato-linear bracts. (Alternate Fil. emar-
ginate, Linn.) Caps. oblong. p. 4,5. IMelds
and meadows. Fr. G. Sw. It. L. sometimes
almost filiform.

(Bulb not proliferous,
Part.) Scape veryshort. Fl.-stalks spread-
ing nearly at right angles. L. linear, chan-
neled, preceding scape, very long, with a pale
middle line. Bracts ovato-lanceolate, acumi-
nate. Caps. ovoid. p.4. Flor. s. It. Sard.

5. montanum. “Bulb simple. L. lan-
ceolate, acuminate, very narrow, hairless, with
a narrow, white, membranous margin. Co-
rymb straight. Stamens not exceeding half
the petals. Bracts lanceolate, acuminate,
shorter than flower-stalk. Caps. turbinate.
p. 4, 5. Val di Mazzara. Sic. Caps. much
smaller than im O. umbellatum.”—BrER?.

4. exscapum.

6. collinum. (Bulb not proliferous, Part.)
L. linear, channeled, sometimes ciliate. Bracts
lanceolato-linear, acuminate, equalling stalk.
FL.-stalks spreading at about half a right angle ;
lower always longer. p.5. Rocky hills. Vi-
enna. Trieste. Apenn. Sic.

7. tenuifolium. “Bulb not proliferous.
L. filiform, with a furrow, without a white line.
Fil. few; stalks erecto-patent, exceeding the
lanceolate, acuminate bracts. Pet. oblongo-
lanceolate: outer obtuse, with a mucro ; inner
subacute. p. 4,5. Open. Sic.”—Part.

8. comosum. L. linear, ciliate. Rac. ob-
long. Fl.-stalks spreading at about half a right
angle, at last all equal. Pet. oblong, obtuse ;
the outer truncate, with an apiculus. p. 5, 6.
Grassy thickets. Fiume.

B. Flowers im a long, many-flowered raceme.
Lilaments simple.

9. sulphureum. L. broadly linear, chan-
neled, fugacious. Stalk of F]. spreading; of
Fr. adpressed. Bracts ovato-lanceolate, gra-
dually acuminate. Ovary ovoid. op. 5, 6.
Grassy. Carn. Sw.

10. pyrenaicum. L. linear, channeled,
withering early. Rac. subobtuse. Stalks of
Fl. spreading ; of Fr. adpressed. Bracts ova-
to-lanceolate, gradually acuminate. .Pet. ob-
longo-linear, greenish-white. (Ovary oval,
equally rounded at each end, Kocu.) p. 6, 7.
Fhill pastures. Yr. s. G. It.

11. narbonense. L. linear, channeled,
persistent. Rac. acute. Stalks of Fl. spread-
ing; of Fr. adpressed. Bracts ovato-lanceo-
late, gradually acuminate. Pet. oblongo-lan-

LILIACH A,

ceolate, white, with a green stripe on the back.
Ovary oval. p. 6. s. Fr. It.

12. areuatum. “LL. linear, channeled.
Stalks of Fl. spreading horizontally ; of Fr. as-
cending. Bracts ovato-lanceolate, gradually
acuminate. Style shorter than stamens, reach-
ing to middle of ovary. p. 6. Grassy or-
chards. Steyer in Aust.”—Kocu.

13. stachyoides. I. linear, channeled.
Rae. long. Stalks of Fl. spreading ; of Fr. ad-
pressed. Bracts ovate, abruptly contracted
into along acumen. Style somewhat exceed-
ing stamens. p. 5,6. Fields. Trieste. Istr.

Cc. Flowers in racemes. All Stamens with
3 teeth.

14. mutams. LL. linear, channeled. FI.
secund, nodding, in a lax raceme. Stalks longer
than germen. Ovary ovoid, deeply umbilicate.
p.3. Meadows and fields. occ. Fr. G. It.

15. chloranthum. Ff. secund, approxi-
mate, horizontal. Stalks half as long as ger-
men. Ovary oblong, obtuse, not umbilicate.
p. 4,5. Grassy. Steyer in Aust.

807. ALLIUM.

A. Alternate Stamens with 2 lateral teeth,
exceeding the staminiferous one.

i. L. solid or fistulose. Sp. 1-3.
ii. L. membranous. Sp. 4-11.

B. Lateral Teeth of alternate Stamens shorter
than middle. Sp. 12-15.

C. Stamens all simple.

ai. Bulbs on a horizontal rhizoma.
16-18.

ii. Bulbs separate. No creeping Rhizoma.
a. L. membranous.
* Scape included in sheath. Sp. 19.
** Scape exsert.
+ Scape 2-edged. Sp. 20.
++ Scape semicylindrical or 3-
edged, one edge being very ob-
tuse. Sp. 21, 22.
+tT Scape acutely 3-edged.
, 24.
TTtTr Scape terete.
+ Spathe of one valve.
25-33.

+i Spathe of 2 valves.
34-36.

Sp.

Sp.

369

b. L. somewhat thickened at base, and
channeled, flat at top. Sp. 37, 38.

ce. L. semiterete, or convex beneath,
and channeled.

* Not fistulose. Sp. 39-46.
** TWistulose. Sp. 47-50.

No Allium has, strictly speaking, a leafy
stem ; but in some species the long sheathing
bases of the L. give it that appearance. —
Kocu.

&u. Alternate Stamens ending in 3 cusps, of
which the middle supports the anther ; la-
teral long, filiform.

i. L. more or less terete.

1. sphzerocephalum. Bulb ovate, sim-
ple, soboliferous. Bulbels on long stalks.
Scape terete, leafy at base. L. semiterete.
Umbel globose, without bulbs. Pet. oblong ;
the outer subacute. Anther-bearing Cusp half
as long as filaments. Anthers exsert. Caps.
ovoid, 3-edged. p. 6,7. Barren fields and
walls. wm. ands. Eur.

B. arvense, Guss. Fl. white.

2. margaritaceum. Bulb ovate, sim-
ple. Scape leafy at base. LL. terete, hollow.
Spathe of 1 valve. Umbel nearly globose,
without bulbs, rather lax. Pet. linear, obtuse.
Stamens exsert. Caps. turbinate, 8-edged.
p. 4, 5. Staiti in Cal. Very near to A.
spheerocephalum. Pet. white, with a dark
green kecl.— BERT.

3. vineale. Bulbs simple. Scape leafy
at base. lL. terete, fistulose. Spathe of 1
valve. Umbel bulbiferous. Stamens exsert :
the Anther-bearing Cusp as long as filaments.
Pet. oblong, obtuse. b. 6,7. Sandy mea-
dows and cult.

B. descendens, Kocn, ed. 1.
out bulbs.

Umbel with-

ii. L. flat ; 1.¢., not terete or fistulose, linear.

4. descendens. “Scape terete, leafy to
the middle. I. linear, attenuate at top, cari-
nato-triquetrous. Spathe of one valve, cadu-
cous. Umbel many-flowered, globose, at last
prolonged in the middle. Pet. oblong, obtuse,
smooth. Stamens exsert: the Anther-bearing
Cusp as long as filaments. p. 5,6. Hills.
Sic.’—Paru. Joined by Bertolont to A.
spheerocephalum.

5. Ampeloprasum. Scape terete, smooth,
leafy to middle, rismg from the side of solid,
compound bulb. Spathe of 1 valve. Umbel

370

many-flowered, capsuliferous, always globose.
Anther-bearing Cusp equalling oblong fila-
ments. p. 5, 6. IMelds. s. Fr. Basel. Trieste.
Italy.

6. Babingtonii. “Scape leafy at base.
L. acutely keeled. Spathe long, pomted. Um-
bel loose, irregular, with hemispherical bulbs.
Anther-bearing Cusp rather shorter than com-
mon filament, with an incurved apex when
young. Bulb compound, of about 2 parts.
p. 8. Galway. Roundstone. s. I. of Arran.
Cornwall.”’—Bas.

7. Porrum. Scape terete, leafy, smooth,
rising from the centre of a simple bulb. Um-
bel without bulbs, globose. Stamens some-
what exsert. Anther-bearing Cusp about half
as long as filament. p.6,7. Warm. Es-
capes. G. Sw.

8. rotundum. Bulb formed of numerous
bulbels included in a common coat. Scape
terete, smooth, leafy to the middle. Umbel
capsuliferous, subglobose; the lateral stalks
being much the shortest. Pet. subobtuse.
Anthers included. Fil. ciliate at base. An-
ther-bearing Cusp equalling one-third of fila-
ment. p. 7,8. Melds and corn. s.and e.
Fr. Rhine. e. G.

9. multiflorum. “L. flat, broadly lnear,
acute. Umbel capsuliferous, subglobose. Fl.
30-60, on long stalks. Pet. elliptico-lanceo-
late, rather obtuse, exceeding the pistil, and
not ciliate stamens. p. Sandy cult. Nice.
Toulon. Narb. Rous. Toulouse.”—Dusy.

10. Scorodoprasum. Bulb with nume-
rous small offsets. Scape leafy to middle. L.
rough at the edge. Umbel bulbiferous. Sta-
mens shorter than subobtuse petals. Anther-
bearing Cusp not half as long as filaments. p.
6,7. s. Fr. G. occ. In Sw. only at Basel.

ll. ascendens. “Bulb soboliferous.
Scape lateral, ascending, terete, warty at top.
L. lineari-lanceolate, keeled, somewhat serru-
late. Umbel globose, capsuliferous. Stamens
exceeding subobtuse petals. p. elds. Apu-
lia.” —TEN.

B. Alternate Stamens with a short tooth on
each side.

12. aecutiflorum. Bulb simple. Scape
leafy at base. Spathe short, of one valve. Um-
bel nearly globose, rather lax. Organs shorter
than lanceolate, acuminate petals. Fil. ciliate
at base. Anther-bearing Cusp longest. p. 6.

e. Prov. Nice. Isl. of Ratonneau near May- | Stigma trifid. p. 7, 8.

807. ALLIUM.

seilles. Isl. of Gallinara near Albenga. Mts.
betweeen Braus and La Scorena.

13. Sardoum. Bulbels stalked.
leafy at base. lL. subulate, fistulose.
short, of 2 valves. Pet. lanceolate.
exsert. p. 7, 8. Dry pastures.
Sard.—Berr.

14. strictum. Coat of Bulb reticulate.
Stem terete, leafy at base. L. obscurely nerved,
membranous, slightly channeled, flat at top.
Spathe of 2 valves. Umbel capsuliferous, sub-
globose. p.7. Rocky. Boh. Hesse. Carn.
Nicolaithal, Vallais. rare.

Scape
Spathe
Stamens
Mundas,

15. sativum. Bulb compressed. Bulbels
roundish ovoid, enclosed in a membrane. Stem
terete, leafy to middle. Spathe of one cadu-
cous, long-beaked valve. Umbel bulbiferous.
p. 7,8. Shores. Prov. ?

C. Stamens all simple.
i. Bulbs on a horizontal rhizoma.

16. Victorialis. Bulb oblong: coats of
entangled fibres. Scape leafy to middle; lower
part round. L. elliptic or lanceolate. Umbel
subglobose. Stamens exceeding petals. p.
7, 8. Rocky mountains. Vosges. Jura. Alps.
Rieseng. Pyr.

17. fallax. Rhizoma woody. Scape naked,
ascending, 3-edged at top. L. narrow, with-
out keel. Spathe short, usually tripartite.
Umbel fastigiate. Anthers subexsert. p. 7, 8.
Mountains. e. Fr. Sil. Alps. Apenn.

18, acutangulum. Coats of Bulb entire.
Scape acutely 2-edged at top. lL. 5-nerved,
acutely keeled. Spathe 2—5-cleft, half as long
as capsuliferous, fastigiate umbel. Stamens
equalling petals. p. 6-8. Most meadows.
G. oce.

ii. No creeping horizontal rhizoma.
a L. membranous; v. e., not solid nor fistulose.
* Scape included in the sheaths of L.

19. Chameemoly. Scape subterraneous,
included in sheaths of L. Bracts simple, short.
Caps. subglobose, cernuous. p. 1-38. Dry
pastures. Avles. Mars. Istr. Cors. s. It.

** Scape exsert.
+ Scape 2-edged.

20. pedemontanum. “Bulb oblong. Coats
sphacelato-fibrillose. Scape somewhat leafy at
base. L. acutely keeled. Spathe short, of 1 valve.
Rays of Umbel shorter than campanulate flow-
ers. Pet. oblong, obtuse, exceeding stamens.
Valle Pisio, Mts. of

LILIACE. 371

Monreale, Pdm. Corni di Canzo. Resegoni in
L. Maggiore.” —Brrv.

+t Scape nearly semicylindrical, or 3-edged,
with 1 very obtuse angle.

21. ursinum. Bulb oblong: coats mem-
branous. Scape naked. L. stalked, elliptico-
lanceolate. Bracts single, 2-3-cleft. Umbel
capsuliferous. Stamens included. p. 4, 5.
Moist shade.

22. neapolitanum. Scape 3-edged, some-
what leafy at base. LL. sessile, broad linear.
Bract single. Umbel many-flowered, fastigi-
ate. Pet. ovate, very biunt, exceeding organs.
Stigma 3-edged. p. 4,5. Toulon. It.

Trt Scape acutely 3-edged: faces furrowed.

23. pendulinum. Scape somewhat leafy
at base. lL. acutely keeled. Bracts 2, about
equalling spreading umbel. Pet. 3-nerved.
Stamens included. Cor. top-shaped, after-
wards globose. Caps. 3-edged. p. 4. Moods.
Italy.

24. triquetrum. Scape somewhat leafy
at base. LL. acutely keeled. Bracts 2, rather
shorter than spreading umbel, caducous. Pet.
l-nerved. Fl. cylindrical, afterwards pyrami-
dal. Caps. subglobose. p. 4. Coasts. mdt. Fr.
Tt. s. of Apennines.

+111 Scape terete.

+ Spathe of 1 valve.

25. multibulbosum. “Stem leafless,
terete. Root-L. sessile, broad lanceolate, acu-
minate, flat. Margin smooth. Bract per-
sistent, 2-3-lobed. Umbel convex, 30—50-
flowered. Stamens broadly connected at base,
exceeding middle of petals. Bulb subglobose,
depressed. p. 5. Hilly fields. Vienna.
Bonn.”—Kocn.

26. nigrum. “Scape striate, somewhat
leafy at base. L. thick, lorato-lanceolate, acute,
channeled, straight. Spathe short, splitting at
last into 3 or 4 parts. Umbel many-flowered
(50-60), fastigiate. Pet. lanceolate, stellate,
about as long as stamens. Stamens connate at
base. p.5. Hill fields. Mtp. Apemn. Sic.
Sard.” — BErt.

B. magicum. ead bulbiferous.

27. narcissifiorum. L. lineari-subulate,
flat. Margin smooth. Umbel 5-8-flowered.
Caps. flat at top. Pet. erect, mucronate. p. 7.
Stony mountains. Dau. Prov. Kunth men-
tions a rhizome.

28. roseum. Scape somewhat leafy at

base. J. acuminate, channeled, keeled, in-
volute at top, hairless. Margin finely denti-
culate. Bract 4-cleft. Cor. campanulate. Pet.
elliptico-oblong, obtuse, exceeding the stamens
and styles, which are of equal length. p. 5.
Warm cult. s. Fr. Fiume. It.

B. carneum. Umbel bulbiferous.

29. permixtum. “Accessory Bulbels of
the root very small. Scapes leafy at base. L.
linear, acuminate. Spathe usually 4-cleft. Fl.
campanulate. Stamens included. Style twice
as long as stamens, equalling or exceeeding
corolla. p. 5, 6. Nebrodes.”—Brrt. Hardly
diferent from A. roseum.

30. subhirsutum. Bulb proliferous. Scape
leafy at base. L. keeled, somewhat hairy, and
ciliate with long hairs. Spathe short. Umbel
fastigiate. Pet. oblongo-lanceolate, subobtuse,
spreading. Stamens shorter than petals, exceed- -
ing style. Caps. very short. p. 4,5. Warm
grassy. Mtp. Narb. Cors. Osero. It.

31. trifoliatum. Bulb subglobose, proli-
ferous. L. keeled at base, hairy on both sides.
Style as long, Stamen only half as long, as
lanceolate acute petals. p. 4,5. Lields, Sve.
s. It. Sic. Sard. Part.

32. vernale. “ Bulb sma//, round. Scape
leafy at base. IL. linear, flat, acutely keeled,
and somwehat hairy. Spathe trifid. Umbel
fastigiate. Stamens about equalling petals,
shorter than style. p. 3, 4. Palermo.”—
Bert. Hardly differs from A. subhirsutum.

33. siculum. Scape thick, terete. L. broad
linear, acuminate: the upper Sheath very
long. Bract short, undivided. Rays of Umbel
nodding, dilated at top into a large floral re-
ceptacle. Fl. campanulate. Inner Bract nar-
rowed at base. Stamens included. p. 5-7.
Nebr. and Busambra in Sic. Gennargentu in
Sardinia.

££ Spathe of two valves.

34. ochroleucum. Stem terete, leafy at
base. LL, 2-8-nerved, acutely keeled, their
sheaths transversely truncate. Spathe shorter
than rays of capsuliferous subglobose umbel.
Stamens exsert. p. 7, 8. Rocky. Laibach.
Mount Nanas, Carn.

35. suaveolens. Bulb oblong. Scape
leafy at the base. IL. narrow, rather thick.
Sheaths oblique, truncate. Bracts 2, short.
Umbel globose. Pet. ovato-lanceolate, hooded,
much shorter than filaments, which are recurved
after flowering. p.8-10. Marshy meadows.

3 BQ

372

Dax. Bordeaux. Pyr. lower Aust. Swabia. Bav.
n.and m. It. According to Bertoloni, the
Scape is sometimes angular.

36. Moly. lL. oblongo-lanceolate, acute,
sheathing at base. Bracts shorter than fasti-
giate umbel. Pet. ovate, acute, yellow. Sta-
mens about half as long as petals. p. Paris.
Abbeville. Anjou. Mtp. Query of a native.

b. L. more or less thickened and channeled
at base, flat at top. One Bract very long.

37. carinatum. Scape terete, leafy to
the middle. L. linear, pulpy, flat, slightly
channeled, but not keeled. Spathe persistent.
One of the valves with a long beak. Umbel
bulbiferous. Stamens equalling petals. p. 6, 7.
Fields. s. Fr. Anjou. G.

38. oleraceum. Scape leafy at base. L.
somewhat fistulose. Bracts ovate, with a long
abrupt acumen. Umbel bulbiferous. Stamens
not exceeding corolla. p. 7. Vineyards and
cult, s. and m. Hur.

ce. L. semiterete or convex below and channeled.
* L. not fistulose.

39. pusillum. Scape low, leafy at base.
Bracts 2, acuminate, shorter than capsuliferous
wumbel. Cor. campanulate. Pet. oblong, ob-
tuse, exceeding stamens. Caps. roundish, 3-
edged. p. 5,6. Coast. Pal.

40. paniculatum. Scape leafy at base.
Bracts 8, much exceeding capsuliferous umbel.
Rays suberect. Cor. cylindrical, Pet. ob-
long, acute, exceeding stamens. p. 6, 7.
Open hills. s. Sw. It. oce.

41. saxatile. Coats of Bulb entire. Scape
terete, leafy at base. L. lineari-subulate, fur-
rowed, hairless, deeply channeled. Bracts 2,
mucronate. Umbel convex, capsuliferous. Sta-
mens twice petals. p. 8, 9. Fssures of rocks.
Mte. Spaccato near Trieste.

42. flavum. Scape terete, leafy at base.
L. not furrowed and hardly channeled. One
of the Bracts with a long beak. Fl. yellow,
campanulate. Pet. obtuse. Stamens exsert.
p. 6,7. Fields and thickets. ¥r. s. Tyr.
lower Aust. Mor. Cal. Nebrodes.

43. montanum (flecum, Koc). “ Scape
leafy at base. lL. semiterete, filled (linear,
flat, pulpy, Koc). Spathe of two valves,
one with a very long beak. Umbel effuse,
sometimes bulbiferous ; the outer Fl. nodding.
Cor. erucibuliform, somewhat truncate, falling

807. ALLIUM.

short of stamens.
cull.

p. 7-10.
G. rare. It.”’—Berrt.

Thickets and

44. moschatum. Bulb oblong: coats re-
ticulate when old. Scape leafy at base. L.
filiform. Spathe of 2 short valves. Umbel
few-flowered, fastigiate, capsuliferous. Cor.
cylindrical, exceeding stamens. p. 8,9. Is-
tria. Fiume. Umbria.

45. Gupani. Bulb oblong: coats reticu-
late when old. Scape leafy. L. tiliform. Spathe
of 1 lanceolate, acuminate bract. Fl. about 3,
erect, cylindrical, exceeding stamens. p. 6, 7.
Nebrodes. Palermo.

46. parciflorum. Bulb ovate: coats mem-
branous. Scape leafy. LL. filiform. Spathe
tubular, cloven at top. Rays of Umbel une-
qual, some nodding. Cor. cylindrical. p. 8,
9. Cors. Sard.

** [. fistulose.

47. pallens. Scape leafy at base. L. semi-
terete, furrowed. Valve of Spathe lanceolate,
acuminate. Umbel capsuliferous. Fl. cam-
panulate, obtuse, about as long as stamens.
Style in Fl. very short. p.7, 8. Thickets
and cult, s. and w. Fr. Trieste. It. Differs
Jrom A. oleraceum im the want of bulbs, in the
umbel, and the gradually tapering point of the
bract.

48. Coppolerii. IL. terete, channeled.
Spathe of 2 valves, one of them exceeding dense
globose umbel. Pet. ovate, very obtuse, with-
out amucro. p.5,6. elds. Cal. Sic. and
sic. Isl—Part.

49. Schoenoprasum. L. about | on the
base of the scape, straight, erect. Spathe
shorter than umbel. Umbel capsuliferous,
contracted, convex. Cor. campanulate. Pet.
lanceolate, acuminate, exceeding organs. p.
6,7. River-sides. Pyr. and Alps. Moselle.
Rhine. Apenn.

50. sibiricum. Resembles 4. Scheno-
prasum, but the Petals are not so finely acute ;
the L. are curved or twisted, instead of straight,
and less numerous; and the inner Sheaths are
much longer than the outer; whilein 4. Schw-
noprasum they are included in the outer, or
hardly pass beyond them. p. 7. Moist. Corn-
wall. Alps.

808. HEMEROCALLIS.

1. flava. Segm. of Cor. with many nerves,
but no veins. p. 5. Marshy shade. lower Vall.
Munich. Monfalcone.

LILIACEA, 373

2. fulva. Seg. of Cor. with nerves and
veins; inner wavy at the margin. p. 6 (7,

8, Kocu). Proy. w. Fr. lower Vall. Bologna.
Mantua. Brenta.

CVII. COLCHICACEA.

Perianth inferior, in 6 (or 7) parts.
cells.

809. BULBOCODIUM.

1. vernum. L. lanceolate. Blade of the
Pet. subauriculate-cucullate. J7. sometimes 4-
partite. p. 2,3. High pastures. Pyr. Nice.
Cors. Alps of Dau., Prov., Sw., and Pdm.

810. MERENDERA.

1. Bulbocodium. L. linear, spreading,
appearing nearly with the flowers. High pas-
tures. Pyr.

811. COLCHICUM.

1. autumnale. Bulb usually many-flow-
ered. L. lanceolate, acute, appearing after
flowers. Segm. of Cor. oblongo-lanceolate, with.
wavy nerves, nearly without veins. Three
Fil. placed higher than the others. Anthers
oblongo-linear. p. 8, 9. Moist meadows.
Fl. occasionally appear with the L. wm the
spring, sometimes like the autumnal ones,
sometimes herbaceous, with long linear seg-
ments.

2. alpinum. Bulb 1-flowered. L. lineari-
lanceolate, obtuse, appearing after the flowers.
Segm. of Cor. lanceolate, with wavy nerves.
Fil. placed equally. p. 7,8. Movst moun-
tain meadows. Dau.? s. Vallais.

3. arenarium. Bulb 1-3-flowered. L.
appearing after flowers, lineari-lanceolate, chan-
neled. Div. of Cor. with straight nerves. p.
9,10. Barren hills. s. Istria.

4. Bivonze. Bulb many-flowered. L. ap-

Anthers bursting outwards.
Fruit of 3 follicles, bursting inwards, more or less combined into a 3-celled Capsule.

Ovaries 3; or 1, with 3

pearing after flowers, lineari-lanceolate, flat,
keeled. Segm. of Cor. broad ovato-oblong,
reticulate, with prominent veins. p. 9, 10.
Campo Casso. Trevento in Umbria. Sic.

5. montanum. Bulb 1-7-flowered. L.
appearing with flowers, lineari-lanceolate, re-
flexed. Div. of Cor. many-nerved, without in-
termediate veins. Anthers oblong. p. 9, 10.
Genoa. Otranto. Sic. Sard.

812. VERATRUM.

l. nigrum. Segm. of Cor. elliptic, quite
entire, Stalks exceeding bracts, about as long
as flowers. Lower L. broad elliptical, hairless.
Fl. dark purple. p.%, 8. Mountain woods
and pastures. Burg. Nice. Aust. s. G. Monte
Generoso.

2. album. Segm. of Cor. oblongo-lanceo-
late, denticulate. Stalks shorter than bracts

or flowers. LL. narrow elliptic, pubescent be-
neath. p. 7, 8. Mountain meadows. Fr.
Alps. Sil. Fl. white within.

B. lobelianum. Fi. pale green.

813. TOFTELDIA.

1. calyculata. Stalks with 2 bracts: the
lower oblong; the upper calyx-like, 3-lobed.
L. lineari-ensiform, many-nerved, very acute.
p. 7,8. Boggy mountain pastures. G.

2. palustris. Stalks with one 3-lobed bract
at the base, naked at top. L. with about 3,
remote nerves. p. 7, 8. Boggy mountain
pastures. Br. Alps.

CVIII. JUNCEA.

Perianth inferior.

$14. NARTHECIUM.

1. ossifragum. Rac. uninterrupted. One | middle of each partial stalk. p. 7; 8.

Sepals glume-like (except in the first two genera).
in the base of the sepals; or 3, opposite to the outer series.

Stamens 6, inserted
Ovary 3-celled. Style 1.

Bract at the base, and the other above the
Bogs.

374

815. APHYLLANTHES.

1. monspeliensis. Scape naked. Fi.
1-2, sessile, surrounded by scariose scales. p.
5, 6. Stony. mdt. Fr. Nice.

816. JUNCUS.

A. Plants with numerous Barren Stems,
sheathed at base, but (except in J. Juc-
guint) leafless.

i. Seeds with appendages.
ii. Seeds without appendages.
B. No Barren Stems.

Sp. 1-4.
Sp. 5-13.
Seeds with Appen-

dages.
i. Bracts short. Head evidently terminal.
Sp. 14-17.
ii. Bracts 2 or 3, long, setaceous. Sp.
18, 19.
©. No Barren Stems. Seeds without ap-
peudages.

i. Flowers clustered.
a. L. fistulose, without interruption.

Sp. 20.

b. L. fistulose, compresso-terete, divided
into cells. Sp. 21-80.

c. L. channeled, setaceo-subulate. Sp.
31-35.

ii. Flowers solitary. Sp. 36-43.

A. Plant with subulate barren stems, with
sheaths, but (except in J. Jacquini) with-
out L.

i. Seeds with appendages ; the covering being
extended into a sort of bag on each side.

1. acutus. Stems very pungent. Pan.
supradecompound, crowded (falling short of
stem, Guss.). Inner Sep. very obtuse or emar-
ginate. Caps. subglobose, acuminate, twice as
long as calyx. p. 7, 8. Sandy shores. Some-
what rare.

2. multibracteatus. “Stems pungent.
Pan. supradecompound, lax. Stalks unequal,
few-flowered, exceeding the 2-leaved involucre
(the apparent stem). Bracts unequal, filiform,
mucronate. Caps. oblong, beaked, twice as
long as sepals. yp. 5, 6. Most. Castro
Nuovo, Sic.”—Guss.

3. maritimus. Stems rather pungent.
Pan. lax, decompound. Sep. acute, as long as
elliptic, mucronate capsule. p. 7,8. Salt
marshes.

B. rigidus. Fl. fewer.

minate.

Sep. setaceo-acu-

$15. APHYLLANTHES.

4, Jacquini. Fertile Stems with a single
L., often remote from flowers. Head 4—8-
flowered, stalked. Sep. lanceolate, half as long
as acute capsule. p. 6,7. High moist. Alps.

ii. Seeds without appendages.

5. effusus. Stem smooth, with contimu-
ous pith. Pan. lax, decompound, many-flow-
ered. Sep. very acute. Stamens 3. Caps.
obovoid, retuse, the very short base of style
remaining in a terminal hollow. p. 6, 7.
Moist clayey.

6. conglomeratus. Stem smooth, with
a continuous pith. Pan. crowded, decom-
pound. Sep. very acute. Stamens 3. Caps.
obovoid, retuse. Base of Style remaining on
a little tubercle. p. 6,7. Moist clayey.

7. diffusus. “ Stem finely striate, green
(not glaucous) above the dark-purplish sheaths.
Pith continuous. Pan. crowded, decompound.
Sep. very acute. Stamens 6. Caps. obovoid,
mucronate with the persistent style. p. 6, 7.
Ditches.’—Kocu. Apparently not very rare
in a moust clayey soil, but botanists are not
agreed on the value of the separate charac-
ters.

8. balticus. Stem quite smooth. Sheaths
at base of a pale drab, Pith continuous.

Pan. decompound, diffuse, many-flowered.
Sep. mucronate; the inner subobtuse. Caps.
elliptic, obtuse, mucronate. p. 7,8. Shores.

e. Scot. n. G.

9. glaucus. Stems scored. Sheaths at
base polished, dark chestnut. Pith interrupted,
forming cells. Pan. decompound. Branches
nearly alike. Sep. very acute. Caps. oblongo-
elliptic, obtuse, mucronate. p. 6-8. Moist
clayey. It is said that this sometimes occurs
with continuous pith, and sometimes the stem
as only finely striate: when these characters
are umted, tt would be difficult to distinguish
the plant from J. diffusus.

10. paniculatus. Stems scored. Pith
interrupted. Pan. decompound, lax. Outer
Branches prolonged, proliferous. Fl. remote.

Sep. very acute. Caps. oblongo-elliptie, ob-
tuse, mucronate. p. 7, 8. Shores of Adriatic.
—Kocu.

11. fistulosus. Stem quite hollow, smooth
or finely striate. Corymb supradecompound,
spreading. Sep. lanceolate, acuminate. Caps.
ovoid, acutely 3-edged. p. 5, 6. Streams.
Palermo.

12. areticus. Stem smooth, stiff and

JUNCEA. 375

quite erect. Corymb about 7-flowered. Sep.
without mucro; the inner subobtuse. Style
evident. Caps. oblong, obtuse, mucronate.
p. 6,7. Very high micaceous. Matterhorn.
Monte Moro, Schlehern and Doronthal in s.
Tyrol. Belluno.

13. filiformis. Stem smooth, not stiff.
Corymb nearly simple, about 7-flowered. Sep.
lanceolate, acute. Style hardly any. Caps.
nearly spherical, with a short mucro. p. 6,
7,8. Lakes and peaty mountain meadows.
Br. Loire. Pyr. Alps. also in the plains of n.
G The scales at the base of the stalk some-
times end in a little. L.

B. No barren Stems. Seeds with appen-
dages.

i. Bracts short. Head evidently terminat.

14. stygius. Stem with 1 or 2 setaceous
L. Heads 1-2, terminal, 3-flowered. Sep.
acute, half as long as oblong, acute capsule.
Anthers 6, much shorter than filaments.
Root fibrous. p. 8. Very high boggy. s.
Tyr. Carn.

15. castameus. Root creeping. L. chan-
neled, sheathing at base. Stem simple, with
2 or 3 L. Heads mostly in pairs, many-flow-
ered, with leafy bracts. Sep. lanceolate, acute,
shorter than oblong, obtuse capsule. Fil.
twice as long as anthers. p. 7,8. Mountain
pastures. Sc. Tyr. Carinthia.

16. biglumis. IL. somewhat channeled,
sheathing base of otherwise naked, channeled
stem. Head solitary, of 2 unilateral flowers,
surmounted by a leafy bract. Fil. capillary.
Anthers short. Caps.retuse. p. 8. Mown-
tain rills. Wighlands of Se.

17. triglumis. L. somewhat channeled,
sheathing base of otherwise naked, terete stem.
Heads solitary, of 2—4 erect flowers. Bracts
membranous ; one of them sometimes termi-
nated by a leafy point. p. 7. Mountains.
Not in the Pyr. or Apenn.

ii. Bracts or floral L. 2 or 3, long, setaceous.

18. trifidus. Stem filiform, 1—3-flowered,
sheathed at base; the upper sheath bearing a
very short L. (Caps. with a long beak, BErRv.)
p. 7,8. Lssures of high moist rocks.

19. Efostii. Stem filiform, 1—-3-flowered,
sheathed at base. IL. of the upper sheath half
aslong as stem. p. 7,8. High calc. rocks.
Tyr. Salzb. Styria. Aust.

C. No barren Stems. Seeds without
appendages.

i. Mowers clustered.
a. L. terete, fistulose, without partitions.

20. multiflorus. Root creeping. Culm
leafy, scaly at base. L. terete, pungent. Co-
rymb supradecompound, long, straight, spike-

like. Fl. solitary, approximate. op. 6.
Marshes: Leece. s. Sicily. Sardinia. Cor-
sica.

b. L. compresso-terete, fistulose, divided by
horizontal partitions.

21. obtusiflorus. Stem and sheaths te-
rete. Pan. decompound. Lateral Branches re-
fract. Sep. obtuse, without mucro, equalling
ovate, acute capsule. p.7. Wet.

22. alpinus. Sheaths of L. with acute dor-
sal angle. Pan. compound, erect. Sep. equal,
very obtuse, shorter than ovato-oblong, mu-
cronate capsule; the outer with a mucro
below the summit. p. 7, 8. Joist. Alps.
Pyr. n. G.

23. lamprocarpus.
pressed, without an edge. Pan. decompound,
very spreading. Sep. of equal length, mucro-
nulate: imner obtuse; outer acute, shorter
than ovato-lanceolate, mucronate, polished
capsule. p. 7,8. Wet.

24. anceps. Stem 2-edged at base. L.
somewhat compressed, slightly 2-edged. Heads
in an erect decompound panicle. Inner Sep.
obtuse; outer acutely mucronate, shorter than
ovato- ellipsoid, 3 -edged, rostrate capsule. p.
Mtp. Bayonne. Le Mans.—Dusy.

Stem and L. com-

25. lagemarius. Heads in a cymose
panicle. Sep. lineari-lanceolate, nearly equal,
acute, shorter than turbinate, somewhat 3-
edged capsule. p. s. Fr.—Dusy.

26. nigritellus. (L. nearly cylindrical,
Sm.) Pan. terminal. Branches long, nearly
simple. Heads remote, many-flowered. Sep.
lanceolate, nearly equal: outer acuminate ; in-
ner acute, rather shorter than oblong, abruptly
rostrate capsule. Anthers 6, half as long as

filaments. p.7. Highlands of Sc.

27. striatus. Pan. decompound, divaricate.
Sep. equal, lanceolate, acuminate, about equal-
ling the oblong, 3-edged, acuminate capsule.
p. 4,5. Marshy. Sic.—Paru., who refers
to this the J. Castelli of Guss.

28, acutiflorus. Pan. repeatedly com-

376

pound, forked. Sep. acuminate, awned; the
inner longer ; all shorter than ovate, somewhat
rostrate capsule. L., when dry, finely striate.
p. 7,8. Wet.
B. brevirostris, NEES AB Ks.
larger and fewer.

The Heads

29. atratus. Pan. decompound, spreading.
Sep. acuminate; mner longer, nearly equal-
ling ovoid, acuminato-rostrate capsule. L.

furrowed when dry. p.7, 8. Wet. Sax.
30. repens. “Stem creeping. LL. not
placed at divisions of branches. Heads in a

simple panicle. Sep. lanceolate, acute. p.
Moist bed of Durance. Cherbourg. Perhaps
a var. of acutifolius.”—DuBy.

ce. L. setaceo-subulate, channeled.

31. supinus. Stem and L. indistinctly
fistulose and partitioned. Heads lateral and
terminal, about 3-flowered. Sep. lanceolate,
exceeding oblong, obtuse, mucronate capsule.
Fil. about as long as anthers.

32. pygmeeus. Root fibrous. L. filiform,
dilated into a sheath at base. Stem-L. 0 or 1.
Heads sessile and stalked, with very small ovali-
scariose bracts. Stamens 8. Sep. linear,
acute, exceeding long, acute, 3-edged capsule.
a. 6. Wet pastures. s. and w. Fr.

33. bicephalus. “ Root fibrous. Stem
terete. L. filiform. Stem-L. solitary, dilated
into a sheath at base. Heads 2 or 3, one of
which is sessile and one stalked. Bracts sca-
riose, ovato-lanceolate. Fl. at last cylindrical,
exceeding the acuminate capsule. Sep. nearly
equal, narrow lanceolate, many-nerved. a. 4,
5. Marshes. Bonifacio.’—BeErRt.

34. triandrus. “ Stem naked. Root-L.
setaceo-subulate, channeled. Heads 1 or 2,
sessile and stalked when in fruit: the lower
Bract spreading or ascending. External Sep.
ovato - lanceolate, acuminato -cuspidate, ex-
ceeding ovoid, obtuse capsules. p. 4, 5. Morst.
s. Istria.”’— Brrr.

35. capitatus. Stem angular, leafless. L.
sheathing base of stem. Heads 1-3. (Outer
Bracts strictly erect, Kocu.) Sep. ovate, acu-
minato-cuspidate, exceeding the ovoid capsule.
-a. 6-8. Sandy fields. Jersey. s. and w. Fr.
Rhine. It.

ii. Flowers solitary (except in a variety of
J. bufonius).
36. compressus. Stem compressed. L.

816. JUNCUS.

linear. Branches of Pan. erect, corymbose.
Sep. ovato-oblong, very obtuse, shorter than
subglobose capsule. (Style-as long as germen,
Kocu.) (Pan. shorter than bracts, Sm.) p.
7, 8. Moist meadows.

37. Gerardi. Stem nearly terete. L. li-
near. Branches of Pan. erect, corymbose.
Sep. ovate, obtuse, nearly equalling the oblongo-
oval, somewhat 3-edged capsule. Style as
long as germen. (Pan. exceeding bracts, SM.)
p. 7, 8. Salt marshes. Eng. G. Probably
a var. of the preceding.

38. squarrosus. lL. numerous, linear,
channeled, sheathing the base of the stem.
Pan. terminal, compact. Outer Sep. ovato-
lanceolate, rather abruptly acute, equalling
obovate, mucronate capsule. Anthers four
times as long as filaments. p. 6,7. Peaty
heaths. Br. Fr. m.andn.G. Not in It.

39. Tenageya. L. filiform. Corymb di-
chotomous. FI. solitary, remote, sessile. Sep.
ovato-lanceolate, (equalling, Dusy) (rather
exceeding, Kocu) subrotundo-turbinate cap-
sule. a. 6, 7. Splashes. Fr. Rhine. Pdm.
Mil. Tuse. Cors.

40. sphzerocarpus. “ Culm with 1 or 2
L. LL. setaceous, channeled at base. Branches
of Pan. long, bifid, erect. Fl. remote. Sep.
oblongo-lanceolate, acuminate, mucronate, ex-
ceeding obtuse, subrotund capsule. p. 6, 7.
Wet. Franc. Vienna. A different species
Jrom Tenageya.’”—Kocu.

41. tenuis. “Stem sheathed at base, but
without L. LL. linear, channeled, erect. Pan.
crowded. Branches cymose, spreading. Sep.
lanceolate, attenuato-acute, 3-nerved, rather
longer than ovato-oblong capsule. Fil. longer
than anther. p. 6, 7. Bushy borders. Upper
Swabia. Holstein. near Hamburg.”—Kocu.

42. bufonius. L. setaceous. Pan. forked,
exceeding bracts. Upper FI. usually approxi-
mate. Sep. lanceolate, acuminate, exceeding
the oblong, obtuse capsules. FZ. uswally soli-
tary. a. 7,8. Morst.

B. insulanus, Guss. FI. clustered. Inner
Sepals acute; outer acuminate.

43. ambiguus. “ Glaucescent. Root fi-
brous. Culm leafy at base. Corymb sub-
dichotomous. Fl. solitary, approximate, sessile.
Outer Sep. acute; inner obtuse, equalling ob-
long, obtuse capsule. a. 4, 5. Piana de’
Greci, Monreale, Marshes at Spaccaforno, Sic.”
——BERrt.

JUNCE AI. 377

817. LUZULA.

A. Seeds with a large crest-like appendage.

1. flavescens. Umbel nearly simple.
Branches erect. Crest faleate. Root stoloui-
ferous. p.6, 7. Mountain woods. c. Pyr.
Jura. Alps. Not a It.

2. pilosa. Corymb umbel-like, generally
compound. Branches in fruit reflexed. Fi.
solitary. Crest faleate, acute. Caps. pointless.
p. 4,5. Woods. Dr. Bromfield finds in
the Isle of Wight what is perhaps a variety
of this, with much smaller Frat and the crest
of seeds not falcate.

3. Forsteri. Corymb umbel-like, generally
compound. Branches erect. Fl. solitary. Crest
straight, very obtuse. Caps..with a point. p.
5. Woods.

B. Seeds nearly without appendage.
i. Mowers solitary.

4. glabrata. LL. hairless! Pan. decom-
pound, divaricate, exceeding floral L. Sep.
lanceolate, finely acuminate, somewhate exceed-
ing ovato-subrotund, shining, mucronate cap-
sule. (Fil. one-sixth of anther, Kocu.) p. 6, 7.
(Cale. mountains, Koon.) (Moist pastures,
Auy. e. Prov. c. Alps, DuBy.)

5. parviflora. L. hairless, except at open-
ing of sheath. Corymb compound, erect, diva-
ricate. Sep. lanceolate, acuminate, exceeding
capsule. (Fil. half anther, Kocu.) p. Pyr.
w. Alps. rare.

ii. Flowers clustered.

6. greeca. Sep. acuminate, exceeding ellip-
tic, obtuse, mucronate capsule; otherwise like
L. sylvatica. p. 5,6. Woody hills. s. It.
Sicily.

7. sylvatica. Pan. decompound, lax. Stalks
3-flowered, exceeding floral L. Sep. mucro-
nate, about equalling ovate, 3-edged, acuminate
capsule. Fil. very short. J. drown. L.
hairy on the edge. p. 5, 6. Woods and moist
rocks.

8. spadicea. Pan. decompound, exceed-
ing floral L. Stalks flexuose at top, 4-flow-
ered. Sep. lanceolate, acuminate, about equal-
ling capsule. LL. bearded at base. p. 6, 7.
Mountain meadows. m. Kur.

9. mnivea. Pan. decompound, falling short
of floral L. Stalks about 6-flowered. Sep.
lanceolate, acute, without mucro; outer one-
third shorter than inner. L. hairy. 7. very

white. p. 6,7. Alpine valleys. Fr. Sw.
n. It. Tyr.
10. albida. Pan. decompound, falling

short of floral L. Stalks about 4-flowered.
Sep. ovato-lanceolate, nearly equal, with a
small mucro, exceeding capsule. L. hairy. 17.
white. p.6,7. Woods. m. Eur.

11. lutea. Pan. decompound: clusters
rounded, spike-like. Sep. nearly equal, lan-
ceolate, mucronate, shining, yel/ow, equalling
the subrotundo-ovate, 3-edged, mucronate cap-
swes. L. without hairs. p. 7, 8. Jlowntain
pastures. Py. Alps. n. Apenn.

12. arcuata. Pan. subumbellate, of a few,
3-5-flowered clusters, on long, drooping stalks.
Sep. broad lanceolate, bristle-pointed. Fil. as
long as anthers. Caps. roundish ovate. Seeds
scarcely appendaged at base. L. linear, chan-
neled, curved, rather hairy. p. 7,8. Very
ligh, Cairngorum. Sutherland.

C. Seeds with a conical appendage at base.

13. campestris. Spikes ovoid, in umbels,
sessile and stalked. Sep. acuminate. Anthers
many times longer than filaments. Caps. ob-
tuse, mucronate. p. 3-5. Pastures and
heaths.

14. multiflora. Spikes ovoid, in umbels,
sessile and stalked. Sep. acuminate, mucro-
nate. Anthers about as long as filaments. Caps.
obtuse, mucronate. p. 5, 6. Woods and
mountain heaths.

B. congesta. Spikes all nearly sessile.

y. mgricans. Spikes dark brown. L. often
quite hairless.

15. pediformis. Clusters sessile and
stalked, in a compound panicle. Outer Sep.
rather the longest, acuminato-aristate. Caps.
ovoid, acuminate. p.6,7. Mountains. e.
Pyr. Prov. Dau. Mont Cenis.

16. spicata. Spikelets sessile in a some-
what interrupted spike. Sep. lanceolate, acu-
minato-aristate. Caps. obtuse, apiculate. p.
6-8. High pastures. Sc. Auv. Jura. Alps.
Pyr. Riesengeb. Apenn. Cors.

378

CIX. PALMA.

Mostly Trees, with a simple stem and a tuft of large L. at the top.

In the only European

plant, the Stem in its wild state is rarely more than two or three feet in height. The L. are

flabelliform, and plicate in the vernation.

818. CHAMAIROPS.
1. humilis. Stem thorny. L. palmato-

plicate. Stalks prickly. S. 3, 4. Shores.
Nice. Monte Cire. Sicily.

CX. AROIDEA.

Flowers on a simple fleshy spadix, separate, and thin, naked; or complete and furnished

with a Perianth of 3-6 inferior scales.
819. ARUM.

A. Spadix with cirrhiform glands above the
anthers.

1. crinitum. L. pedate: middle Lt. en-
tire; lateral laciniato-pimnatifid. Spadix cy-
lindrical, covered with long bristles, exceeding
obovate spathe. p. In the Island of Lavezzi
between Cors. and Sard.

2. Dracunculus. Root-L. pedate. Ls.
entire. Spadix lanceolate, exceeding hairless,
ovate spathe. p. 6. Shade. Agen. Anjou.
roman Apenn. K. Nap.

3. cylindricum. L. hastato-sagittate with
dark spots. Upper part of Spadix lineari-cylin-
drical, shorter than spathe. Cirrhiform Glands
below, as well as above, anthers. p. 6, 7.
Grassy hills. Madonie.

4. maculatum. Root-L. hastato-sagit-
tate. Lobes deflexed, often with dark blotches.
Spadix club-shaped, shorter than spathe. p. 5.
Shade.

5. italicum. Root-L. hastato-sagittate.
Lobes divaricate, white along the veins. Spadix
club-shaped, shorter than spathe. p. 4. Shade.
s. and w. Fr. Fiume. It.

6. pictum. Root-L. cordato-oblong, some-
times fleshy, channeled on the veins, and some-
times white. Spadix club-shaped, shorter than
the ovate, acuminate spathe. p. Ajaccio.

B. No cirrluform glands.

7. proboscideum. L. hastato-sagittate.
Spadix incurved. Spathe ending in a very long
filiform point. p.5. Thickets. Albano.

8. Arisarum. L. cordato-sagittate, ob-

Anthers bursting outwards.

Fruit not bursting.

tuse, with a small acumen. Spadix cylindrical,
incurved, shorter than hooded spathe. p. 3.
Coasts of Mat.

9. tenuifolium. [L. Janceolate, narrow.
Spadix slender, subulate, exceeding lanceolate
sheath. p. 5. Bushy. Tusculum. Tivoli.
There are a few scales onthe spacix above the
anthers.

C. Obtuse Glands between stamens and ger-
men.

10. Colocasia. L. cordato-peltate, re-
pand. p.4,5. Slow waters. Pal. Between
Syr. and Agosta.

820. CALLA.

1. palustris. LL. cordate. Spadix every-
where covered with germens and anthers.
Sheath flat. p. 6,7. SézdZ water. Als. Lor.
G. Not in Sw.

821. ACORUS.

1. Calamus.
leafy extremity. p. 6, 7.
oce. Ger.

Scape with a very long
Water. Eng. Fr.

822. AMBROSINIA.

1. Bassii. LL. ovate, flat, without spots.
p. 12-3. Open grassy. Sic.

2. maculata.
spotted. Margin wavy.
grassy. Sic.

L. elliptic, and somewhat
p. 12-3. Open

3. reticulata. L. ovato-elliptic, flat, with
a net-work of whitish veins. Margin wavy.
p. 12-8. Grassy rocks. Sic.

379

CXI. TYPHACEA.

Flowers crowded, moncecious.
more scales or bristles. Anthers 3.

823. TYPHA.

Style 1.

1. latifolia. LL. linear, flat, as long as
scape. Barren and Fertile Spikes usually con-
tiguous, each cylindrical. Stigmas far exceed-
ing the setas. (Axis of the Fertile Spike with-
out hairs; those at the base of seeds filiform,
very slender. Fr. ovato-oblong, GopR.) p.
6, 7. Still water.

2. Shuttleworthii. “LL. linear, longer
than flowering culm. Spikes cylindrical, con-
tiguous. Fil. two or three times as long as
anthers. Fertile Fl. without bracts. Setas
reaching to the extremity of the stigma. p.
7, 8. In the Aar.”’—Kocu.

3. glauca. “‘L. linear, flat. Spikes cy-
lindrical, contiguous. Hairs at Base of Seeds
filiform, white. Stigma lineari-subulate. Fr.

acute at each end. p. 7. Jn a pool at Vil-
lers-les-Nancy.”’—Gonr.

4, angustifolia. lL. linear; lower part
channeled ; as long as scape. Barren and Fer-
tile Spikes usually separate, each cylindrical.

Barren Spikes or Heads above the fertile.

Perianth of 3 or
Ovary superior, with a single seed.

(Fertile Fl. usually with a filiform bract,
Kocu.) (Axis of the Fertile Spike covered
with spatulate hairs, coloured at the tip,
Gopr.) p. 6,7. Still water.

5. minima. L. of Flowering-stems lan-
ceolate, shorter than scape; those of the bar-
ren shoots narrow linear. Spikes separate :
fertile elliptical, p.4, 5. Beds of rivers.
s. e. Fr. Rhine.

824. SPARGANIUM.

1. ramosum. L. 3-edged at base: sides
concave. Stem branched. Stigmas linear. p.
1, 8. Ditches, Se.

2. simplex. LL. 3-edged at base; sides
flat. Stem simple. Stigmas linear. p. 7, 8.
Ditches.

3. natans. L. flat, floating. Stem sim-
ple. Stigma oblong (ovoid, very short, Dusy):
Barren Spike usually solitary. p. 7, 8. Pools
and marshes. occ.

CXII, CYPERACEA.

Flowers glumaceous, disposed in catkins.

Glume of 1 valve; or if of 2 valves, the inner

valve, as in Cyperus, attached to the rachis, or, as in Carex, transformed into a bag, containing

the seed, and falling off with it.

In some plants there are hypogynous scales within the glume.

Stamens 3. Anthers entire at top. Ovary superior.

825. CYPERUS.

A. Spicules sessile, in a simple umbel. Stig-
mas 2.

1. mucronatus. Involucre of 2 L.: one
much exceeding Spikes ; one very short. Spikes
2-3, lateral. Scape erect, round below, 3-
edged above. Root creeping. p. 6-8. Ditches.
Between Nice and mouth of Var.

B. cossyrensis, Guss. Spikes shorter.
Glumes more obtuse.

B. Spicules forming a head. Stigmas 2.

2. globosus. Head globose. Spicules
lineari-lanceolate, obtuse, flat. Glumes obtuse,
closely tiled. Invol. very loug, of many L.
p.6, 7. Between Nice and the Var.

3. polystachyos. Culm naked.. Head
compound. Spicules lanceolato-linear, acute.
Glumes subemarginate, mucronulate, with 1
or 2 nerves on each side of keel. Invol. very
long, with many spinuloso-ciliate L. p. 8.
Hot vapours. Ischia.

CG. Inflorescence in a sort of Umbel.
very unequal.

Rays

i. Spicules in an umbellule or lax head.

4. flavescens. Heads sessile and stalked,
in a sort of umbel, sometimes solitary. Spi-
cules lanceolate. Glumes obtuse. Stigmas 2.
Seeds Jack, subrotundo-lenticular, with a mu-
cro. 1 or 2 L. of Invol. exceeding wmbel. p.
7 Marshy. wo. and s. Eur.

i, 8.
B. Gussoniz. Seeds bay. Pal.

36 2

380

5. fuscus. Umbellules many, sessile and
stalked, in a sort of umbel. Spicules linear.
Glumes ovate, mucronulate. Stigmas 3. Seeds
acutely 3-edged. Invol. of about 3 L., ex-
ceeding umbel. p. 7,8. Marshy. m. and
s. Europe.

ii. Spicules numerous, in a dense head or

spike.

6. glaber. Heads dense, globose, in a
simple umbel. Spicules lineari-lanceolate, very
numerous. Glumes emarginate, mucronulate,
many-nerved. Invol. very long, of many L.
a. 9, 10. Ronca near Verona. Lucania. Apulia.
Sicily.

7. difformis. Heads about 3; the mid-
dle sessile, globose. Spicules linear, rather
turgid. Glumes ovate, obtuse. Invol. of about
2 very long L. a. 7-9. Rice-grounds. Mi-
lan. Sicily.

8. glomeratus. Heads globose, ovate
and cylindrical. Umbel compound. Spicules

linear, acuminate. Glumes oblongo-linear,
toothed at the end. Invol. very long, 3-4-
leaved. p.9. Grassy hills. Extensively on

the Po. Trieste. Abruzzi.

iii. Spicules 3-8, in a spike.
a. Root tuberous.

9. esculentus. Runners bearing on their
fibres ovoid, zoned, sweet tubers. Culm naked.
Bracts 5. Umbel.not producing secondary
umbels. Spicules pale yellow. Glumes every-
where nervose. p. 7,8. Nat. in sandy fields.
Drepano. Aquileia.

10. Tenorii. Fibres of the creeping Root
bearing small spherical, zoneless, dc¢ter tubers.
Umbel simple. Spicules of « golden yellow,

few. Invol. of 3-5 L., exceeding umbel.
Glumes everywhere nervose, retuse. p. 7—9.
Sandy shores. rndt. It. s. Nap. Sic.

1l. rotundus. Root tuberous. Tubers
sweet-smelling, indistinctly zoned. Umbel
simple. Invol. rather exceeding umbel. Spi-
cules few. Glumes striate only near the keel.

Stigma tripartite, very long. Seed oblong, 3-
edged. p. 7,8. Coast of Mat.

b. Root creeping, sometimes thick and fleshy,
but not bearing distinct tubers.

12. badius. Spikes 3 or 4, on the longer
branches of the wmbel; the lateral Spikes
placed nearly at a right angle. Spicules lineari-
lanceolate, acute. Root creeping. op. 7, 8.

§25. CYPERUS.

Parl. considers this the same as C. tenuiflorus.
Koch doubts.

13. longus. Root tortuose, with thick
runners. Umbel compound. Spicules linear,
acute, flat. Glumes lanceolate, obtuse, closely
tiled. Seed acutely 3-edged, thicker upwards.
General Invol. very long. p. 7, 8. Marshes.
s. and w. Fr. occ. s. Sw. s. Tyr. It. :

B. badius. Spicules of a chestnut brown.

Sic. Cal. rare.

14. myriostachys. Umbel bearing com-
pound spikes. Spicules obtuse. Seed exactly

'3-edged, quite smooth. Stigma tripartite. In-

vol. of 3 L., exceeding umbel. Scape 3-edged,
thick. Root creeping. p. 7, 8. Calabria.
Nearly resembles C. Monti.

15. Mfonti. Umbel bearing compound
spikes. Spicules rather turgid, lanceolate, not
crowded, obtuse. Seed compressed, obovate,
striate. Stigma bifid. Invol. very long. Scape
thick, 3-edged. p. 8,9. Ditches and marshes.
s. Fr. s. Sw. s. Tyr. n. and m. It.

16. neglectus. ‘“ Umbel subcompound,
of about 4 rays. Invol. of about 3 L.: two of
them twice or three times as long as the umbel.
Spicules linear, obtuse, chestuwt, in clusters of
from 3 to 8 on the summit of the simple rays.
Scales oblongo-lanceolate, subobtuse, nerved,
remote from one another. Stigmas long, ex-
sert. Seed obovato-elliptic, acutely 3-edged,
brown, nearly smooth. Culm 3-edged, leafy
at base. oot creepmg. p. 7-10. Banks of
streams. Pal.’—Paru.

D. Umbel compound. Primary Rays very long.
Spicules in nearly sessile Spikes.

17. Papyrus. Scape obtusely 3-edged.
General Umbel fastigiate, exceeding involucre.
Partial Umbel of 3 or 4, nearly sessile spikes.
Involucels of 3 very long L. Seed 3-edged.
p. 7,8. Fountain Cyane, Sic.

826. SCHGNUS.

1. mucronatus. Seeds without bristles
at the base. Spicules ovate, in a dense, he-
mispherical, terminal head. Invol. very long,
spreading, many-leaved. Culm round, naked.
L. channeled. p. 6,7. Sandy shores. Mdt.

2. nigricans. Bristles at base of Seed
very short. Spicules 5-10, in a roundish, ter-
minal head. Outer L. of Invol. long, subulate.
Culm round, naked. L. subulate, flat. p. 5, 6.

Marshy. urtschied near Aachen. Eifel. Sic. | Peaty or sand.

°

CYPERACE. 381

3. ferrugineus. Bristles 3-5, exceeding
seed. Spicules 2-3, in a lateral head, on the
summit of the round, naked culm. L. of Invol.
2, nearly equal. LL. subulate. p.5, 6. Peaty
meadows. Jura. Prov. G. Sw.

827. CLADIUM.

1. Mariscus.
branched, leafy.
pound panicle.
keel.

The Stem round, smooth,
Spikes in heads, in a com-
L. prickly on the margin and

§28. RHYNCHOSPORA.

1. alba. Spicules crowded in a fastigiate,
somewhat corymbose head, equalling involucre.
Stamens 2. Bristles of Seed about 10. L.
subulate. p. 7,8. Boggy meadows.

2. fusca. Spicules crowded in an ovato-
oblong head, much shorter than involucre.
Bristles of Seed 3. LL. filiform. p. 6, 7.
Boggy meadows. oce. Not in It.

829. BLYSMUS.

l. compressus. Stems 3-edged. LL.
keeled. Lower Bract subulate, somewhat leafy.
Spike 2-rowed. Spicules of 6-8 florets.
Bristles of Seed with reversed prickles. p.
7, 8. Morst pastures. un. and m. Eur.

2. rufus. Stem round. L. very narrow,
grooved. Bracts membranous. Spicules of 2-5
florets. Bristles Gf any) with erect pubescence.
p. 6,7. Salt meadows. Br. n. G.

830. SCIRPUS.

A. Culm simple, with a solitary terminal
spike.
i. Heleocharis. Style dilated at base, but
contracted at its union with the germen.
a. Stigmas 2. Seed lenticular. Sp. 1-5.
b. Stigmas 38. Seed 3-edged. Sp. 6-7.
ii. Style simple, continuous.
Sp. 8-11.
B. Culm simple, nearly naked. Spikes ap-
parently lateral.
i. Spicules not in a globular head.

Stigmas 3.

a. Glumes entire, mucronate. Sp.
12-15.

b. Glumes emarginate, mucronate. Sp.
16-21.

ii. Spicules united into | or more globes.
Sp. 22.

CG. Culm simple. Panicle leafy. Bristles
of Seeds with reversed prickles. Sp. 28-27.
D. Stem branched, leafy. Sp. 28.
Not well known. Sp. 29.

A. Culm simple, with a single terminal
spike. Sheaths leafless.

i. Style dilated at base. WELEOCHARIS.
a. Stigmas 2. Seed lenticular.

1. palustris. Margin of Seed obtuse.
Lower Glume short, extending half-way round
the spike. Culm subcompressed : sheath hori-
zoutally truncate. Root creeping. p. 6, 7.
Wet.

2. uniglumis. Margin of Seed obtuse.
Lower Glume short, extending all round the
spike. Culm round. Root creeping. p. 6-8.
Wet. St. Germain. G. Shores of L. Geneva.
England.

3. ovatus. Margin of Seed acute. Stig-
mas 2, remaining. Base of Style triangular,
as broad as long. Spike broadly ovate. Glumes
very obtuse ; lower not larger, embracing half
the base of the spike. Culm round, with leaf-
less sheaths. Root fibrous. a. 6,7. Splashes.
Fr. G. Valley of Po.

4. atropurpureus. Seed obovoid, com-
pressed, with acute edges. Remaining Base of
Style round, depressed, somewhat saucer-
shaped. Glumes very obtuse ; lowest not larger,
embracing half the base of the spikes. Culm
round. Root fibrous. a. 7,8. Moist sandy.
Between Lausanne and Morges.

5. carniolicus. Seed obovate, smooth,

compressed, with acute edge. Remaining Base
of Style lanceolate, three times as long as
broad. Glumes obtuse; lowest not larger,
embracing the whole base of the spike. Root
fibrous. a. 7,8. Wet meadows. Adelsberg
in Carn,

b. Stigmas 3. Seed 3-edged.

6. multicaulis. Outer Glume subrotund,
not longer than the others, embracing whole
spike. Culm round, with obliquely truncate
somewhat acute sheath. Root fibrous. p. 7.
Boggy. Not in Sw., and only in one or two
places in G. Not in It.

7. acicularis. Seed finely striped. Outer
Glume of Spike larger, acuminate, with a leaf-
less sheath. Culm square. Root creeping.
a. 6-8. Splashes. Eng. occ. Fr. oec. G. Tt.
occasionally.

Culm. round.
Culm hollow with trans-

ii. Style simple, continuous.
$8. parvulus.

382 §30. SCIRPUS.

verse partition. No Sheaths or L. Stig-
mas 38. Bristles twice as long as 3-edged
seed. a. 7, 8. Moist. w. shores of Kol-
mersee. Islands of the Elbe. Spezia. Friuli.
Sardinia.

9. pauciflorus. Culm with leafless
sheaths. Spike few-flowered, exceeding the
blunt, membrane-tipped, outer glume. Stig-
mas 3. Bristles short. Seed 3-edged. p.
6,7. Boggy. Rare in It.

10. alpinus. Stoloniferous. Culm some-
what striped. Sheath with a short L. Glume
with a thickened boat-like tip, falling short
of spike. Bristles 0. p.7, 8. Vexy high.
Zermatten. Sw.

1]. czespitosus. Upper Sheath of Culm
ending in short L. Outer Glume largest,
with a leafy point, nearly equalling spike.
Bristles exceeding seed. p. 5, 6. Barren
moors. Not is. It. ?

B. Culm simple, nearly naked. Spikes ap-
parently lateral.

i. Spicules not condensed into a globe.

a. Glumes mucronate, entire.

12. setaceus. Culm and L. setaceous.
Spicules 1-8, sessile. Seeds without bristles,
striped longitudinally. a. 7, 8. Wet sand or
gravel. Not im Sie.

13. Savii. Culm and L. setaceous. Spi-
cules 1 or 2, sessile. Seeds without bristles,
marked with rough dots. a. 5-7. Wet.
s. Eng. It.

B. Minae, Part. Culm rooting at base.

14. supinus. Culm terete, naked. Spi-
cules 8-8, crowded, sessile on middle of stem.
Seeds without bristles, transversely rugose. a.
7,8. Wet banks. Rhine. Berlin. lower Aust.
Pdm. Mantua. Versailles.

15. mucronatus. Culm 3-edged, leaf-
less, the top at last bent down. Spicules nu-
merous, crowded, sessile. Larger L. of Invol.
refract in fruit. Glumes ovate, obtuse, hardly
pointed. Bristles of Seed with reversed prickles.
Seed 3-edged, transversely rugose. p. 7, 8.
Still water. Baden. Carin. Carn. Pisa. Mantua.
Ferrara. Moist meadows. Fr. rare. s. Sw.
This seems to have the halit of the following
dwision.

b. Glumes mucronate, emarginate.

16. lacustris. Culm round, with 2 or 3
scariose sheaths at base. Spicules in a termi-
nal panicle. Glumes smooth, fringed, pubes-
cent at top. Seeds 3-edged, smooth. Stig-

e

Bristles with reversed prickles. p.
Still water.

mas 3.
6-8.

17. Tabernzemontani (g/aucus, SMITH).
Culm round. Spicules ovate, crowded in a
terminal panicle. Glumes with rough dots,
fringed. Stigmas 2. Authers hairless. Seeds
obscurely 8-edged, smooth. Bristles with re-
versed prickles. p. 8. Still water. Br. Is-
lands. G.

18. carinatus. Culm obtusely 3-edged
above the middle. Pan. cymose. Outer L.
of Invol. erect, channeled, pungent. Glumes
smooth, fringed. Stigmas 2. Seeds convex
on back. Bristles of Seed with reversed
prickles. p.8. Water. Thames. Rhine in
Ober Baden. L. of Const. Danube.

19. triqueter. Stem acutely 3-edged,
with 2-8 sheaths and a solitary L. Stigmas
2. Seed smooth, convex. Bristles with re-
versed prickles. Glume fringed. p. 7, 8.
Water. ¥y. rare. G. rare. Thames. Mantua.
Pisa.

20. littoralis. Culm acutely 3-edged
with 1 or 2 leafy sheaths. Stigmas 2. Seed
smooth, convex. Spicules sessile and stalked,
in a lateral, twice compound cyme. Bristles
feathery with upright hairs. Glumes subden-
ticulate. p. 6,7. Marshes on coast of Mat.

21. Rethii. Stem acutely 3-edged, with
about 2 L. Stigmas 2. Spicules all sessile.
Glumes ciliato-lacerate, emarginate, with a
straight pot. Seeds smooth, convex. (Bristles
half or one-third of seed, Kocu,) (altogether
wanting, Bert.) p. 7, 8. Detches and pools.
Jersey. Pisa. Teste de Buch. Piave Vecchio.

ii. Sprkelets condensed into a globe.

22. Efoloschoenus. Heads 1 or 2, or
in a simple umbel. Stigmas 3. Seed hairless,
obovoid, 3-edged. Bristles 0. Invol. very
long, of 2 very unequal, reflexed, pointed L.
L. semiterete, channeled. Culm terete, with
1 or 2 acuminate scales at base. p. 6-8.
Moist sandy. s. and w. Fr. G. rare. It.

B. australis. Heads small, few, or solitary.
y. romanus. Weads large, nearly solitary.
5. globiferus. Heads proliferous, forming
a spurious decompound unbel.
©. Panicle leafy. L. grass-like.
3-edged.

23. maritimus. Spikelets few, crowded.
Stigmas 8. Bristles of Seeds with reversed
prickles. Glumes with sharp teeth ; (the mid-
dle Tooth awned, Bert.) LL. of Tnvol. flat.

Stem

CYPERACH A. 35:

Glumes torn, with an intermediate point. p.
7, 8. Ditches on the Coast.

24. sylvaticus. Spikelets very numerous,
in small clusters, stalked, and sessile in a
lax, decompound panicle. Stalks sheathed.
Stigmas 8. Bristles of Seeds with reversed
prickles. Glumes obtuse, mucronulate. L.
of Invol. flat. p.6, 7. Wet shady. n. Eng.
and as far s. as Tuscany.

25. radicams. Spicules all stalked, in a
decompound corymb. Stigmas 3. Bristles
of Seed twisted, smooth, three times as long
as seed. Glumes, obtuse, pointless. p. 7, 8
Moist sundy meadows. s. and e. G. rare.

Invol. of 2 L., about
equalling spicule. Spicules few, pubescent,
ovate, crowded in a spurious umbel. Stigma
trifid. Bristles of Seed 0. Glumes ovate,
awned. Seeds globose, retuse. p. 6. Near
the sea. Ajaccio.

26. pubescens.

Invol. of many L.,
many times longer than spicules. Spicules in
a sessile, terminal head. Stigmas 2. Bristles
0. Glume lanceolate, tapering into a spread-
ing mucro. Seeds nearly linear, acute. a. 7,
8. Moist sandy and banks of streams. Ulbe.
Morav. Po. 7-9. Rous. Pdm. Aust. Sil.

D. Stems branched, leafy. Flowers solitary,
on axillary stalks.

28. fluitams. Stems rooting at base, pros-
trate or floating. Stigmas 2. Bristles 0. p.
G=9l Wer:

The following I do not know where to place.

29. panormitanus. Spicule solitary, very
small, sessile. Invol. of 2 L.: the lower ex-
ceeding the spicule; the upper resembling a
very long continuation of the stem. Glume
ovate, mucronulate, concavo-carinate, hispid
on the hack. Stem creeping, terete at base ;
upper part semiterete, with rough angles. L.
many, rigid, semiterete, channeled, rough on
the margin. p. 7. Marshes. St. Ciro near
Pal.” —Pant.

27. michelianus.

831. FIMBRISTYLIS.

1. dichotoma. Culm 3-edged. L. seta-
ceous, pubescent. Spicules stalked, solitary,
in a spurious umbel; central one sessile. Seeds
with longitudinal ribs and transverse wrinkles.
Glumes ovate, mucronate. a. 6-8. Moist.
s. Tyr. Tess. It.

B. annua. Umbel simple, with about 5
spicules.

w

832. POGONOSTYLIS.

1. squamosa. Very small, tufted. Spi-
cules solitary, sessile and stalked, in an irre-
gular umbel. Invol. of 5 L., falling short of
umbel. a. 6. Ditches and moist grass. Alto-
pascio and Poggio a Cujano, Tuse.

833. ERIOPHORUM.

A. Spike solitary, terminal.

1. alpinum. Stem 3-edged. L. much
shorter than their sheaths. Spike oblong.
Bristles 4-6, lengthening into flexuose hairs.
yp. 6, 7. Boggy mountains of m. Eur. and
on plain, n. G.

2. capitatum. Stem altogether round, with
an inflated sheath. Spike globular. Hairs
very numerous. Root extensively creeping.
p. 6,7. Very high moist. Pyr. Alps. Se.

3. vaginatum. Stem 3-edged at top, with
an inflated sheath, somewhat oblong. Hairs
very numerous. Root hardly creeping, densely
tufted. p.3-5. Bogs.

B. Spikes several. Hairs of Seeds very
numerous.

4, pubescens. Stem 3-edged at top. L.
(lanceolate, Sa.) linear, flat, triangular at top.
Spike-stalks rough. Seeds 3-edged, pyriform.
Hairs about three times as long as spikes. p.
4,5. Boggy meadows.

5. gracile. Stem round, with 3 slight
angles. lL. very narrow, 3-edged, channeled
at base. Spike-stalk finely downy. Seeds ob-
longo-linear, 3-edged, somewhat narrowed at
base. Hairs about twice as long as spikes.
yp. 7. Very wet bogs. Sc. e. G. e. Liguria.
Mont Cenis.

6. angustifolium. Stem nearly round.
L. linear, channeled, 3-edged at top. Spike-
stalk smooth. Hairs four times as long as
spike. Seeds all acutely 3-edged. p. 4.
Bogs.

834. ELYNA.

1. spicata. Spike solitary, simple, terete.
yp. 6,7. Very high. Alps. Pyr.

835. KOBRESIA.

1. earicina. Spike subovoid, compound,
compact. Spicules tiled, alternate. p. 8.
Springy. Teesdale. Perthsh. Glaciers of Aar
and Rhone. e. Alps.

836. CAREX.

A. Flowers in a simple spike.
i. Stigmas 2.
a. Spike dicecious. Sp. 1, 2.
b. Spike complete.- Sp. 3-6.

ii. Stigmas 38. Sp. 7—-l1.
B. Spikes in an involucred head! Sp. 12,
C. Spike compound.
i. Stigmas 3. Sp. 14.
ii. Stigmas 2.
a. Barren Flowers at the top of each
spicule.

* Root not creeping. Sp. 15-20.
** Root creeping.
+ Beak round, obliquely truncate.

Sp. 21, 22.
+t Beak compressed, bidentate.
Sp. 23-27.
b. Arrangement of Flowers irregular.
Sp. 28-33.
ce. Barren Flowers at base of each spi-
cule.

* Root creeping. Sp. 34-37.
** Root fibrous, tufted.
+ Beak bidentate. Sp. 38-43.
ty Beak uearly entire or wantmg.
Sp. 44-49.

D. Spikes distinct, all complete.
Flowers at tops Sp. 50, 51.
E. Spikes separate; terminal complete;

barren at base; lateral fertile. Sp. 52-57.

F. Catkins separate; upper barren. Stig-
mas 2.
i. Fruit terminating in a flattened and
margined beak. Sp. 58-60.

ii. Beak round, and short or wanting.
a. Barren spike solitary (rarely 2).
* Beak ending in 2 teeth. Sp. 61,
62.
** Mouth entire, or splitting on one
side. Sp. 63-67.
b. Barren Spikes 2 or more.
* No fertile Flowers at base of barren

Barren

spikes. Sp. 68-72.
** Fertile Flowers at base of barren
spikes. Sp. 73.

G. Catkins separate; upper barren. Stigmas
3. Barren Spike solitary.

|

§36. CAREX.

i. Beak short, membranous, or wanting.
a. Spikes nearly sessile. ‘
* Spikes approximate at top of culm.
Sp. 74-85.
** Catkins disposed along the
culm. Sp. 86.
b. Spikes corymbose.

* Fruit smooth. Beak 0. Sp. 87-
90.

** Fruit smooth. Beak round, mem-
branous. Sp. 91-94.

*** Fruit hairy. Bracts membra-
nous. Sp. 95-96.

ce. Spikes racemose along culm.

* Very long and slender. Sp. 97-
100.
** Rather lax, but not very long.
101-104.
ii, Fruit with a plano-convex, bidentate
beak.

a. Spikes almost all on slender stalks,
confined to upper part of culm. Sp.
105-107.

b. Spikes approximate, nearly sessile
near top of culm. Sp. 108-111.

c. Spikes racemose along culm.

* Fruit smooth, except on margin.
Lower Stalks hardly half exsert.
Sp. 112-117.

** Fruit smooth, except on margin.
Lower Stalks more than half ex-
sert. Sp. 118-121.

*** Eyuit rough. Sp. 122.
ili. Fruit beaked ; but the mouth small,
membranous, and uncertain in its form.
Sp. 123-126.
Hi. Barren Spikes more than one.
i. Beak none. Sp. 127-129.
ii. Beak membranous. Sp. 130-132.
ili. Break firm, bidentate.
a. Fruit hairy. Sp. 183-1385.
b. Fruit without hairs. Sp. 136-141.

A. Cathkin solitary.
i, Stigmas 2.
a. Sprke diecious.

1. dioica. Fr. nearly erect, many-nerved.
Culm and L. smooth. p. 6, 7. Bogs. occ.
n. and m. Europe.

2. davalliana. Fr. deflexed, mbbed. Culm

CYPERACE AL. 385

and L. rough. n. and m.

Europe.

p. 6. Bogs. rare.

b. Spike complete.

3. pulicaris. Barren Fl. at top. rr.
stalked, deflexed, nerveless, lanceolate, not acu-
minate. Glumes deciduous. p. 6. Boggy.
n. Kur. rare in Sw.

4. decipiens. Barren Fl. at top. Fr.
stalked, deflexed, nerveless, tapering into a
long beak. Root fibrous, tufted. op. 7, 8.
High pastures. Pyr.—Gay.

5. capitata. Barren Fil. at top. Fr.
crowded, subrotundo-elliptic, acuminate, com-
pressed, nerveless, quite smooth, exceeding
persistent glume. p. 5,6. Boggy meadows.
Bay. upper Swab. Tyrol.

6. Suteri. Stigmas 2? Barren Fl. above
and below. Fr. round, with a long beak, hir-
sute. L. flat, a ine broad, soft. Spike ovate.
p. Sw.—Kuntru. A doubtful plant.

ii. Stigmas 3. Barren Flowers at top.

7. rupestris. Catkin many-flowered. Fr.
elliptic, about twice as long as broad, nerved,
erect, shorter than obtuse glumes. L. linear,
flat. Root creeping. p. 7, 8. Very high
grassy rocks, Vall. Tyrol.

8. pyrenaica. Catkin many-flowered. Fr.
lanceolate, about three times as long as broad,
nerveless, spreading, stalked. Glumes decidu-
ous. Plant tufted. p. 8, 9. Very high.
Pyrenees.

9. obtusata. “ Fr. shining, ovoid or ellip-
tic, with a round, smooth, cloven, pale-pointed
beak, exceeding the glume. L. flat, rough.
Root creeping. p. 4, 5. Boggy meadows
at Gutenberg not far from Halle on the Saale,
and at Bienitz near Leipzig.”—Kocu.

10. paucifiora. Fl. about 4; the barren
one at top. Hr. reflexed, lanceolate, beaked,
nerveless, exceeding deciduous glumes. op. 6,
7. Bogs. rare. un. and m. Eur.

11. microglochin. A strong exsert Awn
from the base of the Nectary! FI. about 6
of each sort. Fr. lanceolato-subulate. p. 5;
or 7, 8 on mountains. Bay. Vall.

B. Cathins united into an involucred head !

12. eyperoides. Stigmas 2. Barren Fl.
at base of each spicule. Fr. tapering into a
very long beak. p.8, 9. Borders of lakes
and marshes. e. Ger.

13. baldensis. Stigmas 3. Barren Fl. at
top of each spicule. Tr. oval, Beak hardly
any. p. 5, 6. Beds of torrents. Monte
Baldo. s. Tyr.

C. Spike compound, complete. No Involucre.
Lach Spicule is complete, except im sub-
division db.

i. Stigmas 3. Barren Flowers at top of each

spicule.

14, curvula. Spicules crowded into a
dense head. Fr. ovate, tapering into a 2-
lobed, membranous beak. Root fibrous, closely
tufted. p. 7,8. High grassy. e. Alps.

li. Stigmas 2.
a. Barren Flowers at top of each spicule.

* Root not creeping; 1.e. the new shoots
come up close to the parent plant.

15. vulpina. Spike dense, supradecom-
pound. Fr. squarrose, ovate, tapering into a
cloven beak, with about 7 distinct nerves on
the convex face. Glumes shorter than fruit.
p- 6. Sides of ditches.

B. nemorosa, Wiuip. Fr. elliptic.

16. muricata. Spike somewhat decom-
pound. Spicules approximate. Fr. squarrose,
hardly nerved, ovate, tapering into a cloven
beak. Angles of Culm rough. p.6. Mea-
dows and banks.

B. virens, Kocu. Spike longer and more
lax. Glumes pale. Fr. green.

17. divulsa. Lower Spicules remote. Fr.
nearly erect, hardly nerved, ovate, tapering
into a cloven beak. Culm rough at the top.
Root fibrous, compact. p.6. Woods and
shady banks.

B. guestphalica, Kocu. More slender in
all its parts.

18. teretiuscula. Spicules crowded. Fr.
suberect, 4-nerved on the convex side, ovate,
tapering into bidentate beak. Faces at the
top of the Culm convex. p.6. Boggy mea-
dows. wm. Kur. Root slightly creeping, so
as to separate the culms. ’

19. paradoxa. Pan. contracted. Fy.
broadly ovate, with 9-11 strong nerves on the
convex side. Beak somewhat abrupt, biden-
tate. Faces of the Culm convex. Root densely
tufted. p.7. Boggy meadows. m. Eur.

20. paniculata. Panicled. Fr. ovate, ta-
pering rather abruptly into a bidentate beak.
Nerves slightly marked. . Faces of the Culm

3D

386 $36. CAREX.

flat. Forms very large tufts. »p.6. Boggy
shade.

** Root creeping.
+ Beak round, obliquely truncate.

21. ineurva. Spikes forming a compact,
roundish head, bracteate. Glumes ovate,
acute, slightly mucronate. Culm curved,
smooth. fr. nerveless. p. 6. High mica-
ceous Alps. Sandy shores, Se.

22. foetida. Spikes in a compact head.
Fr. acuminate, 3-edged. Beak slightly winged,
rough on the margin. Culm rough on the
angles from the base. p. 7, 8. High-moist.
m. and w. Alps.

+t Beak flattened, ending in 2 teeth.
23. stenophylla. Spikes in an ovoid or
oblong head. Fr. plano-convex, acuminate.
Beak rough on the edge. Nerves of Glume
evanescent. Culm smooth at base. p. 4.
Grassy hills. Boh. Mor. lower Aust.

24, chordorhiza. Spikes in a compact
head. Fr. gibbous, many-nerved, tapering
abruptly into a short, cloven, smooth, some-
what membranous beak. Culm smooth, much
exceeding L. p.5, 6. Deep bogs. un. Ger.
Palat. rare. Sw.

25. divisa. Spike compound, rather com-
pact. Fr. gibbous, many-nerved, contracting
abruptly into a short beak. Glume as long as
fruit: nerve excurrent. Stem roughish at
top. Root widely creeping. p.5,6. MMovst
pastures. Occ.

26. lobata. Spike compound, ovoid. Fr.
nerved. Glumes ovate, acute, pomtless. p.
Alps of Prov. and Pdm.—Scuxunr. Con-
sidered by Gay as a var. of C. divisa.

27. schoenoides. Spike compound, short.
Fr. elliptic, gibbous, faintly nerved, tapering
into a short, smooth beak. Glume as long as
fruit: nerve excurrent. p.5. Grassy hills.
lower Aust.

b. Arrangement of barren and fertile flowers
wrregular.

28. repens. Lower Spicules fertile, rather
remete ; middle barren at top; upper barren,
crowded. Glumes of fertile Spicules 1-nerved.
Fr. acuminate, cloven, gibbous, rough on
margin. p. 5,6. Pavia. Pdm.

29. modesta. “Lower Spicules fertile ;
upper barren; lowermost bracteate. Glume
ovato-oblong; barren diandrous. Fr. ovato-

oblong, margined, acuminate into a bidentate
beak. Rhizoma short and thick. op. 5, 6.
Marsh between Pirou and Criance in lower
Normandy. Differs from C. arenaria by the
number of stamens, by its habit and its sta-
tion in damp meadows, and by the rather ob-
tuse glumes.’ —GAY.

30. aremaria. Root far creepmg. I.
smooth. Lower Spicules fertile; middle bar-
ren at top; upper barren. Glumes 7-nerved,
acuminate. Fr. ovate, acuminate: the acumen
with finely serrate wings. p.6. Sand.

31. intermedia. Root creeping. Upper
and lower Spicules fertile; middle barren.
Glumes shorter than fruit. Nerve evanescent.
Fr. elliptic, acuminate, with an obscure serru-
late margin. p.6. Marshy meadows.

32. ludibunda. “ Root tufted. Spike
contracted, compound at base, simple and ex-
clusively barren at top; a short bract at the
base. Spicules mostly unisexual. Glumes very
obtuse, pointless. Fr. plano-convex, nerveless,
ovate, attenuate into a nearly entire beak. p.
5, 6. Bog des Rosiéres near Pirou in lower
Normandy. Zhe arrangement of flowers re-
sembles that of C. arenaria; m habit and
mode of growth it ts lke C. paniculata.”
—Gay.

33. microstyla. Root fibrous. Barren
and fertile Fl. variously intermingled. Glumes
ovate, acute, equalling fruit. Fr. small (a
line long), compressed, conical, rough at top,
cloven. Nut nearly round—Gavup. p. 6-8.
High pastures. id. Alps. very rare.

ce. Barren Flowers at base of each spicule.

* Root far creeping. Fruit serrulato-

ciliate.

34. brizoides. Spicules about 5, curved,
approximate, all complete. Fr. erect, plano-
convex, lanceolate, serrulato-ciliate from base ;
tapering into a cloven beak, as long as glume.
Spikes pale. p. 5, 6. Grassy shade. G.
occasionally.

35. ohmulleriana. “ Spike compound,
somewhat 2-rowed at top. Spicules 8-12, 4
or 6 of the upper barren at top, approximate,
lanceolate, at last frequently curved; lower
remote, oblongo-obovate, barren at base ;
lowest with a leafy bract. Fr. half as long as
glume, acuminate into a plano-convex, cloven
beak. Margin serrulato-ciliate almost from
base. p.5, 6. MMorst meadows. Rothen-
bach in Bay.”—Kocu,

CYPERACE A. 387

36. ligerica. “Spicules 4-12; lower
somewhat bracteate. Fr. stalked, elliptic, pla-
no-convex, nerved on both sides. Margin ser-
rwato-ciliate from bottom to top, tapering into
a long, bidentate beak. Glumes ovato-lanceo-
late, acuminate. LL, rough on the upper sur-
face. p. Sandy. Banks of Loire.”—Gay.

37. Schreberi. Spicules about 5, crowded,
straight. Fr. erect, as long as glume, oblongo-
ovate, serrulato-ciliate nearly from base, taper-
ing to a cloven wingless point. L. smooth.
Spicules brown. p. 5, 6. Sandy pastures. oce.

** Root fibrous, tufted.

+ Beak of Fruit bidentate.

38. ovalis. Spicules about 6, broadly oval,
contiguous, exceeding bracts. Fr. erect, ellipti-
co-ovate, gibbous, striate externally, acumi-

nate. Margin of Beak serrulate. Specules
brown. p. 7. Moist meadows.
B. argyroglochin, WoRNEMANN. Spikes

pale.

39. Grypos. Spicules about 3, obovate,
approximate. Fr. erect, ovate, twice as long
as glume, acuminate into a rough beak. Bracts
shorter than spike. p. 7, 8. Alps above
Zermatten in the Vallais. Probably a form
of C. stellulata.

40. stellulata. Spicules about 4, round-
ish, rather distant. Fr. squarrose, gibbous,
striate externally, acuminate. Edges of Beak
serrulate. Bracts shorter than spicule. p.

5,6. Boggy.

41. remota. Upper Spicules approximate ;
lower remote: all simple. Tr. gibbous, ovate,
acuminate. Nearly all the Bracts exceeding
spicules. p.6. Moist.

42, axillaris. Upper Spicules approxi-
mate, simple ; lower compound, distant, com-
pact. Fv. ovate or elliptic, gibbous, tapering
into a rough beak, exceeding glumes. Upper
Bracts short ; lower exceeding spicules. p. 6.
Marshy. Eng. Westph. occ.

43. boenninghauseniana. Upper Spi-
cules approximate, simple ; lower compound,
distant, forming a rather lengthened spike.
Fr. lanceolate, gibbous, serrulate from below
the middle, tapermg into beak, not exceeding
glumes. Upper Bracts short; lower exceed-
ing spicule. p. 7. Moist meadows. Westph.
Eng. rare. The English specimens of this and
the preceding have barren Fl. at the top of
the spicule. Query if this is the case with
the foreign plant 7

+} Beak of rut nearly entire, or splitting
only on one side (wanting m C. loliacea).
44. elongata. Spicules numerous, approx-
imate. Fr. spreading, elliptico-lanceolate, 3-
edged, many-ribbed. NHdges of Beak rough.
Nut lineari-oblong. Bracts very short, or none.
p. 6. Marshy. un. Bur. oce.
B. Gebhardi, WiuLD. Spike very short.

45. lagopina. Spicules 3-4, roundish,
contiguous. Tr. erect, ovate, gibbous, with a
short, smooth beak. Nut elliptic. Glumes
ovate, nearly equalling fruit. Culm smooth.
p. 7,8. High granitic pastures. Sc. e. Alps.

46. Eeleonastes. Spicules 3-4, round-
ish, approximate. Fr. elliptico-ovate, 3-edged,
tapering into a very short, entire beak (i my
specimens this is split on one side, as in the
next species). Glumes nearly equalling fruit.
Culm rough. p.5. Boggy meadows. Salzh.
Munich.

47. Persoonii. ‘‘Spicules 4—8, ovate or
oblong. Fr. erect, ovate, faintly striate. Beak
short, split to its base on one side, rough at
the edges. Glumes ovate, brown with a white
margin, shorter than frut. wp. 7,5. Mouwn-
tain bogs. Se.’—Bas. Alps.

48. curta. Spicules 6, elliptic, approxi-
mate. Fr. erect, ovate, acute, faintly striate.
Hardly any beak. Glumes ovate, shorter than
fruit. Culm smooth at base. p. 5, 6. Boggy
meadows.

49. loliacea. Spicules about 4, rather re-
mote, roundish. Fl. elliptic, without a beak,
closely ribbed. Mouth entire. p.5. Boggy
meadows, among bushes. Bourtanger Moor
in Westph.

D. Spikes distinct ; all complete.
flowers at top.

50. Mainmkii. Spikes 2, distant, lax. Fr.
elliptic. Beak short, membranous at top,
truncate. Lower Spike with a long, leafy -
bract. p. 4,5. Banks. It.

51. sarda. Spikes 2. Stalks distant, lax.
Fr. somewhat bicuspidate. Glumes leafy.
Sheath broad, leafy. p. Sard. “ 4 prece-
dente differt valvis subfoliacers, lineartbus,
angustissimis, longissime acutatis,” KUNTH;
but the glumes of ©. Linki are leafy in the
middle.

Barren

E. Terminal Spike complete. Barren flowers
at base. Lateral Spikes fertile.

52. Buxbaumii. Spikes 3-4: lateral.

nearly sessile. Stigmas 3. Fr. (elliptic, Kocn ;

3D2

388 836. CAREX.

obovate, J. W.; oval, C. C. B.) smooth, nerved,
3-edged, with 2 minute teeth. Glume cuspi-
date. Sheaths of L. dividing into net-like fila-
ments. p. 7. Boggy meadows. G. Irel. very
rare.

53. nigra. Spikes 3-4, ovate; lateral
nearly sessile. Stigmas 3. Fr. obovate, smooth,
without nerves, 3-edged, ending in 2 minute
teeth, smooth. Culm smooth. p. 7, 8. Dry
grassy mountains. Sw.e. Alps.

54. Wahlii. Spikes 1-4, roundish: late-
ral nearly sessile, contiguous. Stigmas 3. Fr.
elliptic, rough with a short, toothed beak, ex-
ceeding the acute dark glumes. p. 7. High.
Clova. Val Bevers in Sw.

55. aterrima. Spikes 3-5, oblongo-cy-
lindrical, erect : lower on long stalks. Stigmas
3. Fr. ovate, ending abruptly in a short beak,
with 2 teeth. Culm rough. p. 8. Very high
grassy. w.ande. Alps.

56. atrata. Spikes 3-5, oblong: lower
on long stalks, drooping when in fruit. Stig-
mas 38. Fr. (ovate, Kocnu; obovate, J. W.)
ending abruptly in a short, bidentate beak.
Culm smooth. p. 6-8. Dry stony. Alps.
Riesengeb.

57. bicolor. Spikes stalked: 3 of them
crowded at top of culm; 1 remote on a longer
stalk. Stigmas 2. Fr. elliptic, gibbous, 3-
nerved on the back. Beak 0. Glumes ovate,
obtuse. p. 7,8. Very high granitic. Sw.
and e. Alps.

FE. Spikes separate ; the upper barren. Stig-
mas 2.

i. Lruit with a flattened and margined beak.

58. mucronata. Fr. downy, attenuate and
acuminate into a membrane-pointed beak. Fer-
tile Spikes 1-2, approximate, roundish. Bracts
sheathing ; lowermost leafy. Li. setaceous,
channeled. p. 7,8. Stony mountains. Sw.
and e. Alps.

59. gaudiniana. Fr. hairless, tapermg
into a serrulate, bidentate beak. Barren Spike
often with fertile flowers intermixed. Fertile
Spikes 1-2, ovate, approximate, few-flowered.
Bracts membranous, without a sheath. L. seta-
ceous, channeled, somewhat 3-edged. p. 6, 7.
Boggy mountains. Thun. Bregenz. Tyrol. rare.
According to Gay, this is not different from
C. microstachya.

60. microstachya. ['r. hairless, ovate,
tapering into a small, bidentate beak. Barren
Spike often with fertile flowers intermixed.

Fertile Spikes 2-4, sessile, short and crowded.
Bracts membranous, without sheath. L. linear,
flat. p. 6. Boggy meadows. un. G. Sil. rare.

ii. Beak round, short and smooth; or want-
ing. Fruit hairless. Bracts not sheathing.

a. Barren Spike almost always solitary.
* Beak ending m two teeth.

61. saxatilis. Fertile Spike ovate. Fr.
nerveless, ovate, inflated. Glumes subobtuse,
dark purple-brown, tipped with white. p. 6.
High moist. Se.

62. Grahami. “Barren Spikes 1 or 2,
slender; fertile 2-8, ovate, obtuse; lower one
stalked, bracteate, sheathless. Fr. oblongo-
ovate, nerved, inflated. Glumes acute: tip and
midrib pale. p. 7. Glen Phu, Clova,”—Bas.

** Mouth entire ; or splitting only on one
side.

63. intricata. “Fertile Spikes about 3,
erect, slender ; lowest remote, on a long stalk ;
uppermost sessile. Fr. ovato-lanceolate, sub-
plano-convex, not inflated, smooth, nerveless.
Margin finely puberulo-serrulate. Beak biden-
tate. Glumes oblong, obtuse, narrower and
longer than fruit. L. flat. Root fibrous. p. 5.
Shady hills. Boschi di S. Fratello.”—Guss.
Compared by Guss. to C. panicea; but the two
stigmas, and want of sheaths to the bracts,
leave no doubt of its place here. He describes
the fertile spikes as slender, “more than 6
lines long.” Is thes a mesprint ? Half an
inch ts a short spike for any of the section.

64. vulgaris. Spikes oblong. Fr. ellip-
tic, many-nerved at base, quite smooth. Bracts
with 2 short ears. LL. erect, the sheaths not
filamentous. p. 5,6. Moist meadows.

65. Gibsoni. “Spikes erect: barren sin-
gle ; fertile 2-4, narrowest downwards, slightly
stalked. Bracts with short auricles, leaf-like.
Fr. lanceolate, acute, with many nerves and a
short entire beak. Nut broadly obovate, very
blunt, with a short thick beak. Stem acutely
3-edged, rough at top. Tunic nearly twice
as long as seed. p.6. Hebden Bridge in
Yorkshire.”— Bas.

66. rigida. Fr. nerveless, elliptic, gibbous.
Beak entire. Barren Spike solitary. L. broad,
flat, recurved (edges deflexed, Bas.); their
Sheaths entire. p. 6-8. High rocks and stony.

67. pacifica (cespitosa, LINN., according
to Bab.). “ Spikes erect, approximate ; barren
solitary. Bracts with long auricles: lowest
alone slender, leaf-like, short. Fr. elliptic,

CYPERACEA, 389

acute, lenticular, not nerved, somewhat spread-
ing, with a short, entire beak. Sheaths of L.
with a slight web. Glume lanceolate, dark
purple. p.5. Br.”—Bas.,

b. Barren Spikes more than one.
* Without fertile flowers at base.

68. aquatilis. “Spikes erect, barren, 1
or more: fertile 3 or 4, elongated, narrowed
below; lower ones stalked. Bracts leaf-like,
erect, exceeding stem. Fr. elliptic, lenticular,
without nerves, broader than glume. Stem 3-
edged, smooth. Root tufted. Sheaths of L.
not filamentous. p. 7. Clova.”—Bas.

69. trinervis. Spikes oblong. Fr. oval,
subacute, with 4 or 5 complete nerves on back
and 3 on the inner face. Bracts of all the
fertile Spikes extending beyond the barren
spikes. L. keeled. Root stoloniferous. p.
5, 6. Sandy shores. w. Fr.

70. stricta. Spikes cylindrical; the fer-
tile often tipped with barren florets. Fr. ob-
ovate, with many nerves. Lowermost Bract
short and slender. Sheaths of L. filamentous.
p. 6. Marshes. There is sometimes only one
barren spike ; and we find also a plant with
JSilamentous sheaths to L., with only one bar-
ren sprke, and oblong fertile spikes, not tipped
with barren florets, usually put with this, but
which seems to me rather a form of C. vulgaris.

71. panormitana. “All Spikes long
linear; barren 2 or 8; fertile 3 or 4; latter
somewhat nodding in fruit: lower remote,
somewhat stalked ; upper sessile. Bracts leafy,
without sheaths. Fr. smooth, elliptic, convex
on back, obsoletely nerved, terminating in a
very short and smooth, subbidentate beak.
Lower part of Spike closely tiled. Glumes lan-
ceolate, acute, hardly as long as fruit. L. flat.

Root fibrous. p.4. Banks of streams. Pal,”
—Guss.
72. acuta. Fr. elliptic, nerved, gibbous.

Barren Spikes 1-3; fertile 8-4, cylindrical,
slender, often attenuate, and lax at base.
Lowermost Bract leafy, with long auricles.
Sheaths of L. not reticulate. Culm rough at
top. p.6. Water.

** Barren Spikes with fertile flowers at
base.

73. moenchiana. Fertile Spikes erect,
acute, on short stalks. Fr. smooth, ovate, ob-
tuse, shorter than lanceolate, acute glume.
Root creeping. Lower Bracts long. p. 5.
Devil’s ditches at Marburg in Hesse—Rcue.

G. Spikes separate ; upper barren, sohtary.
Stigmas 3.

i. Beak short, membranous, or wanting.

a. Spikes nearly sessile. (A long-stalked
Spike is occasionally met with, from the
root, or lower part of the stem, im some
species.)

* Spikes approximate near top of culm.
74. supina. Ir. elliptic, without nerves or

hairs. Beak long, truncate. Fertile Spikes
ovate. Root stoloniferous. p. 4, 5. Open
fills. un. and e. G.

75. platystachya. I'r. elliptic, few-nerved,
downy. Beak long, membranous. Fertile Spikes
1-3; stalks included in the membranous
sheaths of the leafy bracts. L. channeled, not
keeled. p. Mountains. Apeun.

76. macrolepis. “Fertile Spikes 2; up-
per sessile,-close to the barren spike ; lower on
ashort stalk, shorter than its leafy bract.
Glumes large, scariose, emarginate, mucronate ;
those of barren Spike obtuse, with a white
border. Fr. oblong, 3-edged.” Apenn. Be-
tween C. clandestina and C. ericetorum.—
Kuntu, from DC.

77. gynobasis. F'r. elliptico-obovate, with
small bidentate beak, striate. Fertile Spikes
1-8, about 5-flowered; upper approximate ;
lowest on a long stalk from base of culm.
Scales of fertile Catkins hardly or not at all
cuspidate. p. 3,4. Grassy hills. s. Sw. It.

78. basilaris. Fr. elliptico-obovate, with
a short bidentate beak, hardly nerved. Fertile
Spikes 2-4, of 15-20 flowers; 1, or rarely 2,
near the barren spike, others on long stalks
from the base of the culm. Scales of fertile
Spikes with a strong cusp. p.4. Damp. Cape
la Croisette near Cannes.—JoRDAN.

79. Grioletti. Fr. obovate, with 2 smooth
teeth. Fertile Spikes about 4, erect; upper
sessile ; lowermost distant, on a long stalk.
Bracts leafy. Sheaths membranous, short ;
upper without sheath. p. Pegli in Liguria.
Kunth thinks vt a var. of C. tomentosa.

80. tomentosa. [F'r. obovate. Beak in-
conspicuous. Bracts leafy, with short, mem-
branous sheaths. Fertile Spikes 2, nearly ses-
sile. Root with long stolons. p.6. Moist
meadows. G, and Fr. oce.

B. thuringiaca, Scux.? Lateral Spikes

tipped with male flowers.

Sl. preecox. Fr. elliptic, minutely emar-

390 | 836. CAREX.

ginate. Fertile Spikes 1-8; upper sessile.

Stalks all included.
membranous, very short.
p. 3,4. Dry pastures.

Bracts leafy. Sheaths
Root stoloniferous.

B. mollis. Glumes emarginate, with a long
mucro.

y. refracta. Culm suddenly bent above
first spike.

82. ericetorum. Fruit somewhat pear-
shaped, ending in 2 minute teeth. Bracts
membranous. Sheaths short. Spikes nearly
sessile. (Glumes obovate, Kocu.) p. 4, 5.
Dry sandy. Sw. G. oce.

B. membranacea. Glumes more oblong.

83. polyrrhiza. “ Barren Spike solitary ;
fertile 1 or 2, approximate, oblongo-ovate, ses-
sile; the lowest somewhat stalked. Bracts
membranous on margin, amplexicaul; the
lowest sheathing. Fr. oblong, 3-edged, with
a short subemarginate beak. Glume mucro-
nate with the excurrent nerve, Stem erect.
Root fibrous, densely tufted. p.5. Woods.
s. and m. G. occ.”—Kocu. Lorraine. The
description does not distinguish this from
montana.

84. montana. [Fr. subpyriform. Beak
emarginate. Bracts membranous, often with
a somewhat leafy point. Sheaths 0. Spikes
sessile. L. retrorso-ciliate in lower part! Root
fibrous, densely tufted. p. 5, 6. Shade.
m. Europe.

85. pilulifera. Fr. roundish, stalked.
Beak truncate. Bracts leafy, auricled, mem-
branous. Sheaths 0. Spikes sessile. Root
fibrous, tufted. p. 5,6. Heaths.

** Snikes nearly sessile, disposed along the
culm.

86. humilis. Fruit obovate, somewhat
stalked, with a very short, truncate beak. Fer-
tile Spikes remote, slender, about 3-flowered,
almost included in the membranous, leafless
sheath. p. 3,4. Limestone hills. occ.

b. Spikes corymbose.
* Fruit smooth. No Beak.

87. rarifiora. Fruit elliptic, attenuate,
slightly 3-edged, not nerved. Fertile Spikes
2-8, oblong, few-flowered. Sheaths short,
membranous. Root creeping. p. 6. High
boggy. Se.

88. irrigua. Fr. roundish, without nerves,
3-edged: mouth entire. Fertile Spikes 2-3,

oblong, dense, with occasionally a few bar- ,

ren flowers at base. LL. flat; edges smooth,
except at top. Root creeping. p. 6, 7. Bogs.
Northumb. Se. Alps.

89. limosa. Fruit elliptic, 5—7-nerved on
back: mouth nearly entire. Fertile Spikes
1-2, ovate, dense, with occasionally a few bar-—
ren flowers at base. L. complicato-canalicu-
late, rough at the edge. Root creeping. p.-
6. Bogs.

90. pallescens. Fertile Spikes 2—3, nod-
ding, on exsert stalks ; the upper nearly sessile.
Sheaths leafy. Fr. oval, finely striate, green.
Glumes pale. Root tufted. p. 6. Clayey
woods.

** Hrut smooth. Beak round and mem-
branous.

91. capillaris. Fertile Spikes lax, on
slender stalks, 2 or 3 of which are from the
upper sheath! Fr. obovate. All Bracts leafy.
Root fibrous. p. 6, 7. High moist stony.
Se. Alps. Rieseng.

92. ustulata. Fertile Spikes ovate, com-
pact, all stalked, drooping. Fr. elliptic. Sheaths
short, membranous ; lower leafy. Root fibrous.
p-. 7,8. High boggy. e. Alps. Ben Lawers.

93. nitida. Fertile Spikes oblong; upper
nearly sessile, dense, 12-flowered. Sheaths
short, membranous ; lower with a leafy point.
Root stoloniferous. p. 4,5. Barren hills.
Aust. Carn. Tyrol. Vall.

94. alba. Fertile Spikes 2, stalked, about

5-flowered. Sheaths leafless. Beak small,
round, membranous. p. 4,5. Woody hills.
Alps.

x Hruit hairy. Bracts membranous.

95. digitata. Fr. elliptic, stalked, equal-
ling glume. Fertile Spikes about 3, linear,
rather remote. Stalks imcluded in the mem-
branous, leafless sheath. p. 38, 4. Shade.
Fr. G. It.

96. ornithopoda. Fr. elliptic, exceeding
glume. Fertile Spikes approximate, lax, li-
near. Stalks included within a membranous,
leafless sheath. Beak, I believe, at first entire,
but afterwards frequently splitting on one side,
and sometimes down both, by the expansion of
the style. p. 4,5. Shady woods. G. Fr.
rare.

ce. Spikes racemose along the culm.
* Very long and slender.
97. pilosa. Spike few- (5—-10)-flowered.

CYPERACEA. 391

Beak obliquely truncate, with 2, small, mem-
branous teeth. Stalks exsert. Bracts leafy.
L. fringed with hairs. p. 4,5, Woody hills.
Sw. rare. G. very rare.

98. strigosa. Fruit lanceolate, striate.
Beak directly truncate, without any distinct
tecth. Fertile Spikes very lax, nodding, many-
(40-50)-flowered: stalks of the lower exsert.

Bracts leafy. Root stoloniferous. p. 5, 6.
Clayey shade. occ.

99. pendula. fir. elliptic, striate. Beak
truncate, without distinct teeth. Fertile

Spike cylindrical, dense, many- (100—200)-
flowered. Stalks of the lower exsert. Bracts
leafy ; upper hardly sheathing. Root tufted.
p:. 6. Moist shade.

100. microcarpa. Fruit elliptic. Beak
truncate, rather exceeding ovate, acuminate
glume. Barren Spikes sometimes more than
1; fertile very long, dense, cylindrical; lower
on included stalks. p. Sard.

*8 Spikes rather lax; but not long and
slender, as in the preceding section.

101. panicea. Beak short, round, trun-
eate or ending in 2 shallow, obtuse teeth. Fer-
tile Spikes subulato-cylindrical, on exsert stalks.
Bracts leafy, sheathing. Culm smooth. Root
stoloniferous. p.6. Springy meadows.

102. vaginata. Beak rather long, mem-
branous, with 2, not opposite, acute teeth.
Fertile Spikes lax. Stalks exsert. Bracts
leafy. Culm smooth. Root stoloniferous. L.
hairless. p. 6, 7. Springy ground on moun-
tains. Se. very rare. Brocken. Riesenge-

birge.

103. olbiensis. Fr. obovate, attenuate
at each end. Beak short, denticulate at the
mouth. Fertile Spikes 2, few-flowered; the
upper close to the barren, and sessile. Bracts
leafy, not sheathing. Stems tufted. p. 5.
Dry woods. Hyéres.—Jorv.

104. serrulata. “Spikes about 3: fertile
often with barren florets at top, cylindrical,
erect; the lowest remote, stalked. Bracts leafy,
not sheathing; the lowest somewhat exceed-
ing culm. Fr. elliptic, inflated, slightly 3-
edged, nearly hairless, shorter and broader than
the acuminate, serrate, rough glume; hardly

ciliato-serrate, with avery short, smooth, some- —
what bidentate beak. LL. keeled. Root creep- °

ing. p. 3. Pastures on coast. Sic.’”—Guss.
Said to resemble C. glaucain habit, and should,
perhaps, be joined to that spectes.

ui. Lrwit with plano-convexr, bidentate beak.

a. Spikes almost all on slender stalks, con-
fined to upper part of stem.

105. Pseudo-cyperus. Fertile Spikes
4—6, on long stalks, cylindrical, very dense,
drooping. Fr. ovato-lanceolate. Glumes li-
neari-subulate, rough. Culm with 3 sharp,
rough edges. p.6. Wet shade.

106. frigida. Fertile Spikes about 3: up-
per sessile ; lower on very long, slender stalks.
Upper Bracts without sheaths. Fr. lanceolate,

ciliate. Beak without a membranous border.
Root stoloniferous. p. 7,8. Moist stony
mountains. mm. Kur.

107. fuliginosa. Fertile Spikes 2-3, ob-
long, dense ; lower at last drooping. Bracts
leafy, sheathing. _ Fr. lanceolate, ending in
serrato-ciliate, margined beak. Root tufted.
p.7, 8. Very high. Alps.

b. Spikes approximate, near top of culm,
nearly sessile.

108. extensa. Fertile Spikes 3-4, roundish,
on short included stalks. Fr. ribbed from base,
with a short, straight, smooth beak, the sides
rapidly converging. Bracts very long, hori-
zontal. lL. channeled, very narrow. p. 6.
Marshes, chiefly near the sea.

109. flava. Fertile Spike roundish, on
included stalks. Fruit elliptic: upper part
nerved, tapering into a rough-edged beak;
lower squarrose or deflexed. Bracts leafy, at
last spreading or deflexed. p. 5,6. Boggy
meadows.

B. lepidocarpa, TauscH. Fr. small:
y. uetliacad, SUTER. Fertile Spikes 5 or 6.

110. Miairii. Fertile Spikes 2-3, on in-
eluded stalks. Fr. elliptic, few-nerved, taper-
ing into a ciliate beak, never squarrose or de-
flexed. p.5, 6. Springy woods. Paris.

111. G&deri. Fertile Spikes roundish-
ovate, sessile or on included stalks. Fr. round-
ish ovate, striate, with a straight, nearly pa-
rallel-sided beak. Bracts leafy ; in fruit re-
flexed. p. 5-7. Bog. z

c. Spikes racemose, not confined to upper
parts of culm; the lower gradually more
distant.

* Fruit smooth, except on margin. Lower
Stalks hardly half exsert. (The Ligule in
this section ws usually in two parts, one al-
most opposite the L.) _

112. fulva. Fertile Spikes 2-3, oval.

392 836. CAREX.

Glumes ovate, without mucro. Fr. elliptic.
Nut obovoid. Lower Bracts reaching to bar-
ren spike. Root tufted, or with short runners.
p. 6. Wet meadows and bogs.

B. hostiana. Glumes and Ligules acute.

118. hornschuchiana. Fertile Spikes
usually 3; lowest very distant. Glume ovate,
without mucro. Fr. elliptic. Nut obovoid.
Lower Bracts short. Root tufted, or with short

runners. p. 5,6. Wet meadows.

114. bimervis. Fertile Spikes oblong.
Fr. with the marginal ribs alone distinct,
roundish-elliptic. Beak narrow, rough on edge.
Glumes mucronate, dark-purple. vp. 6, 7.
Heaths.

115. levigata. Barren Spikes sometimes
2. Fertile Spikes cylindrical, drooping. Glumes
acuminate. Fr. elliptico-lanceolate, about 7-
nerved, tapering into rough-edged beak. p. 6.
Moist shade.

B. Schraderi.

116. distams. Fertile Spikes oblong.
Glumes mucronate. Fr. elliptic, 7-nerved on
back, dull. Beak short; edge rough. p. 6.
Marshes.

117. punctata. Fertile Spike cylindri-
cal, erect. Glumes ovate, awned. Fr. obo-
vate, with about 4 irregular nerves on back,
shining, dotted. Beak short, smooth, almost
membranous. p.5,6. Grassy hills. rare.

** Fruit smooth, except on margin.

Stalks more than half exsert.

118. Miichelii. Fertile Spikes 1-3, re-

mote. Bracts about equalling spikes. Fr.

obovate, attenuate, ending rather abruptly in

a linear, rough-edged beak, hardly nerved.
p-5. Woody hills. s.e. G.

119. brevicollis. “Fertile Spikes 1-3,
6-10 flowered. Fr. obovate, hardly nerved,
with a very short, truncate, or bidentate beak,
hardly equalling oblong, acuminate glume.” —
Dusy. p. Mont Parve near Belley on the
Rhone.

120. depauperata. Fertile Spikes 3, 4-
flowered, on exsert stalks from long sheaths.
Fr. elliptic, strongly striate, tapering ito a
beak, which is membranous beyond the ends
of the ribs, unequally cloven, and rough on the
edge. p. 6. Sandy woods. Surrey. very
rare. Fy. It.

121. sylvatica. Fertile Spikes about 4,

many-flowered, drooping, on long exsert stalks,
from long sheaths. Fruit elliptic, 3-edged,

Glumes awned.

Lower

smooth without distinet nerves. Beak linear.
Culm smooth. JL. droad. p.5, 6. Damp
woods.

*** Fruit downy on the back.

122. hispidula. Fertile Spikes about 2,
oblongo-lanceolate; lowest usually included in
leafy sheath. Fr. ovate, bordered, serrulato-
ciliate. lL. reaching to middle of rough, 3-
edged culm. Root stoloniferous. p. 7, 8.
Very high rocks. Matterhorn. Rafel.

iii. Fruit beaked, but the mouth small, mem-
branous, and uncertain in its form.

[A division not very clearly marked, and to
which, perhaps, frigida and fuliginosa should
be added. |

128. tenuis. Fertile Spikes about 3, dis-
tant, all on exsert stalks. Fr. lanceolate. Beak
smooth. IL. setaceous. p. 6,7. Stony hills.
oce. Alps. Mor.

124. ferruginea (Mielichofer: of Schh.
and Kunth). Fertile Spikes about 2, linear,
rather lax. All the Stalks exsert, slender. All
Bracts sheathing. Fr. elliptic: upper part
and Beak rough. Root stoloniferous. p. 6, 7.
Boggy hilis. Alps.

B. spadicea. Fr. ciate; upper part hairy.
y- Scopolu. Fr. shorter and broader.

125. sempervirens (/ferruginea, Schk.
and Kunth). Fertile Spikes about 2, oblong,
somewhat lax. Lower Stalks exsert, erect,
sometimes refract; upper generally included.
All Bracts sheathing and leafy. Fr. ovato-
lanceolate, acuminate, exceeding dark, polished,
mucronate glume. Beak rough on the edge
with subacute, scariose teeth. p. 6-8. Grassy.
Alps. Apenn.

B. erecta.

126. firma. Fertile Spikes about 2, erect :
upper nearly sessile; lower remote, on exsert
stalks. All Bracts sheathing. Fr. ovato-lan-
ceolate, smooth. Beak somewhat rough on
the edge, membranous, obliquely truncato-
emarginate. Segm. obtuse. L. rigid, spread-
ing. p. 6-8. Mor., Kocu. Alps, Kunru.
Closely resembling sempervirens; but the
beak is more membranous and less decidedly
bidentate, the fertile syrkes have fewer flow-
ers, and the glumes are paler.

Fr. rough on the surface.

HI. Barren Spikes more than one.
i. Beak none, or very minute.

(Itis difficult to characterize this subdivision.
The number of barren Spikes is by no means

CYPERACH A,

constant; and serrulata of Gussone, which
probably belongs naturally to this section, is
described as having uniformly only one barren
spike. The opening of the arillus has some-
times a very short membranous beak. ‘The
arillus itself is generally somewhat tubercled
in the upper part; but this, J am afraid, is
not to be depended upon. |

127. glauca. All the fertile Spikes cylin-
drical, stalked, dense, usually drooping when in
fruit. Sheaths short. Fr. obovate, nerveless,
triquetro-gibbous. yp. 5. Most pastures
and woods.

B. micheliana or amédleocarpa.

quite obtuse.

y. acuminata. All Glumes acuminate.

Thave a plant from Saorgio, near Nice,
given to me by Mr. Stire, with very slender
spikes, and narrow, lanceolate, acuminato-
aristate glumes. It 1s, perhaps, C. acuminata,
WILLD., dut appears distinct. As I have no
fruit, I do not venture to describe it as a
species.

Glumes all

128. genuensis. “Barren Spikes about
3 ; fertile 2, the lower on an exsert stalk; the
upper sessile. Fr. ovate, truncate. p. Genoa.”
—KUNTH.

129. claviformis. Fertile Spikes 2-3,
remote, clavate, on long stalks, drooping.
Sheaths short. Fr, elliptic, nerveless, trique-
tro-gibbous. Beak almost 0. p. 8. Very
high. Carinthia. “ Differs from C. glauca i
the form of the fertile spikes, ther longer
stalks, and longer fruit,’ Kocu.

ii. Beak membranous.

130. hispida. “ Barren Spikes about 5,
lineari-lanceolate ; fertile about 4, thick, cy-
lindrical, erect, rather remote; lower on a
short stalk. Bracts leafy, somewhat sheathing.
Stigmas 2 or 3. Fr. obovato-elliptic, ciliato-
serrate on the upper part of the margin, ter-
minating in a rather short, bidentate beak.
Glume nerved, awned, ciliato-serrate. L. keeled.
Root fibrous. p.5. Marshes, §ce. Sic.”—
Guss. Perhaps the same as C. longearistata ;
but Kunth nlaces it among the species with
2 styles.

131. Soleirolii. ‘Barren Spikes 3-4;
fertile 3-4, cylindrical, sessile, erect. Fruit
roundish ovate, compressed, ciliate in upper
part, with avery short, bidentate beak, shorter
than the bluntish lineari-lanceolate glumes.
p. Cors. near Bonifacio. Resembles C. longe-
aristata; Dut the glumes are not awned.”—
Dusy.

3.5

393

132. lasiochleena. ‘‘'T'wo barren, three
fertile Spikes. Glumes linear, green, often with
a brown border, very rough. Fr. oval, with
scattered hairs. Beak short, white, bidentate.
Culm 3-edged, smooth. Sard.”—Kuntu.

iii. Lrait with a firm cloven beak.
a. Lruit hairy all over.

133. filiformis. Barren Spikes 1-2; fer-
tile 2-8, remote, erect, dense, sessile; lower-
most sometimes ona short stalk, and with a
short sheath. Fr. elliptic. Beak short. Culm
smooth at base, obtuse-angled, naked except
quite at base. L. channeled, hardly wider than
culm. p.6. Stagnant water on peat. Oce.

134. evoluta. Barren Spikes 2-3 ; fertile
3, remote, cylindrical, erect, dense; lowermost
sometimes stalked. Sheaths 0. Fr. ovate,
turgid. Beak short. Edges of Culm rough,
acute. L. flat, broader than culm. p. 5. Shore
of Danube near Uln.

135. hirta. Barren Spikes 1-2; fertile
2-3, erect, oblong. Lower Bracts with long
sheaths. Fr. elliptic, acuminate into beak.
Culm smooth. I. and Sheaths hairy. p. 6.
Moist sandy.

b. Beak plano-convex. Fruit smooth, except
on margin.

136. hordeistichos. Barren Spikes 2;
fertile 3, erect, oblong. Lower Bracts sheath-
ing. Fr. elliptic, 38-edged, tapering into a long
beak. Stem short, smooth. p.4. Muddy.
lower Aust. Mor.

137. ampullacea. Barren Spikes 1-3 ;
fertile 2-3, remote, on short stalks, dense, cy-
lindrical. Sheaths 0. Fr. inflated, elliptic or
somewhat obovate, broad, terminating in an
abrupt, linear beak. L. channeled. Culm ob-
tusely 3-edged, smooth. p.6. Water.

138. vesicaria. Barren Spikes 1-3;
fertile 2-8, remote, nearly sessile, erect, dense,
cylindrical. Sheaths 0. Fr. inflated, ovate,
nerved, tapering into the beak. Culm with 3,
acute, rough edges. p. 6. Mater.

139. riparia. Barren Spikes 3-5. Glumes
mucronate ; fertile 3-4, erect, dense, cylindri-
cal. Sheaths 0. Fr. ovato-elliptic, many-
nerved, smooth. Beak rather short. Culm
with acute, rough edges. p.6. Water.

140. paludosa. Barren Spikes 2-3, the
lower glumes obtuse. Fertile 2—3, erect, dense,
cylindrical. Sheaths 0. Fr. elliptic, nerved.
Beak short. Culm with sharp, rough edges.
p. 5,6. Water. .

394 836. CAREX.

B. kochiana. ¥y. oblong. Glume of fer-

tile Spikes with a long awn.

141. nutans. Barren Spikes 1-2; fertile
3-4, dense, erect, sessile; lower sometimes
stalked. Sheaths 0. Fr. ovate, striate, pro-
longed into a short, smooth beak. Margin
rounded. Culm smooth, or only slightly rough
at top. p. 4, 5. Moist shade. Vienna.
Schwarzbach and at Cilh in Styria. Hardly
belongs to this division.

The following species has also been proposed.
142. juncoides, Presz, with 2 barren

| be C. rigida.

_ Spikes, and one remote, complete, sessile, erect

Spike. Seems like nothing else.

C. fusca, SUTER, is supposed by Gaudin to
be a var. of C. cespitosa, and may, perhaps, .
C.-furcata, LAP., seems allied
to C. binervis. C. bastardiana, DC., has been
determined by Messrs. Cosson and Germain to
be a defective specimen of C. pilulifera. C.
costata, PRESL, and C. badea, PERS., are quite
indeterminable.

CXIII. GRAMINA.

Flower composed of Glumes enveloping the organs.

Seed 1, naked, superior. Stem jointed,

with a sheathing leaf at each joining. ‘The Grasses may be divided into the following Tribes :-—

1. ANDROPOGONEZ. — Spicules in sets of 2 or 3,
sessile and the others stalked, clothed with long, silky hairs.

of which one is
In all the

European genera there is a valve-like rudiment of an exterior floret, which,
on account of the smallness and delicacy of the parts, is sometimes dis-
tinguished with difficulty. Hach spicule has only one developed floret ;
but some of the genera have barren spicules as well as fertile ones.

Glumes nearly equal, enclosing the Pales, which, ee in me

Allionti, ave very thin and tender

. Gen. 837-841.

2. PANICEA.—Spicules of one perfect floret and a ae like exterior ru-

diment.

glume i is filmy, the inner coriaceous

Glumes very unequal, striated. Barren floret large, and pro-
tecting the smooth and polished coriaceous ea

In eecacde the outer
. Gen. $42-847.

3. ORYZEA.—Spicule of one perfect floret, ae in the “eee genera,

without any additional rudiment.

Glumes small and separate from the

floret, or totally wanting. Pales of equal length, nearly valvular . . Gen. 848-850.

4, PHALARIDEA).—Spicule of one perfect floret, and indications, more or
less complete, of two other exterior imperfect ones; the outer pale of the

perfect floret bemg ene within the outer glume,

cluding the floret

Glumes aoe in-
. Gen. 851-855.

5. PHLEINE. — Spicules 1. flowed: sitnent any exterior eee

Glumes nearly equal, larger and firmer than the scariose pales.

cence in a spike-like panicle.

Inflores-

Some species have a filiform interior

rudiment, on which, however, it seems impossible to divide the genera . Gen. 856-860.
6. AGROSTIDEA.—Spicules 1-flowered, without any exterior rudiment.

Glumes nearly equal.

Inflorescence a loose, equal panicle.

This tribe

differs from the preceding chiefly in its inflorescence ; but the ine are
usually larger and firmer in proportion to the glumes. . . Gen. 861-866.

7. STIPACEA.—Spicules 1-flowered, without a rudiment. The ooavalnle tip

of the outer pale supporting an awn .

8. ARUNDINACEA.—Florets an ee in long sky fae eth the

calyx

. Gen. 867-870.

. Gen. 871-874. .

9. CHLORIDEA.— cafe l- or more fejeied eine an exterior rudi-

ment, disposed in 2 rows on one side of a flattened rachis.
disposition of the spicules sometimes occurs. among the he Andrea oer

and Panicee

A similar

. Gen. 875-879.

GRAMINA.

LO. AVENACEA.—Spicules of more than one floret.
margin, nearly equal, and almost or quite as long as the spicule.

if any, dorsal, and geniculate and twisted.
very short of the spicule .

Glumes scariose on the
Awn,
In Gaudimia the ue fall

. Gen. 880-888.

11, FESTUCACE@.—Spicules of more titan one floret, ound Gintes

scariose, unequal, falling short of the ie

or membranous ; inner scariose .

Outer Pale herbaceous
. Gen. 889-904.

12. HORDEACEA.—Spicules with an interior faiaent or eth more Phen

one floret; in opposite rows, on an alternately channeled rachis

. Gen. 905-911.

13. PAPPOPHORA.—Glumes entire, less firm than the outer pale, which is

coriaceous, terminating in many rigid poe.

ered, sessile in a tiled head

ape 1- or more flow-

. Gen. 912.

14. ROTBOELLACE.—Spicules (in the mayen een all See with
only one perfect floret (except in Lepturus pannonicus) ; sessile, or

imbedded in a channeled rachis.

Tribe I. ANDROPOGONEL.

Sect. I. Spicules all fertile, clothed
with long silky hairs.

837. SACCHARUM.

1. egyptiacum. Pan. lanceolate, crowded :
lower branches compound. Stalks villous.. L.
keeled. Margin very rough. Culm downy.
p. 7, 8. Banks of the Oreto at Palermo.

838. IMPHRATA.

1. cylindrica. L. convolute. Knots smooth.
p. 6-8. Sandy shores of Mdt.

839. ERIANTHUS.

1. Ravennze. Pan. much branched. L.
channeled. pp. 5-10. Beds of torrents near
Mat.

Sect. II. Lateral or stalked Spicule
barren.

[There is usually the rudiment of an external
floret in the fertile spicule. |

840. ANDROPOGON.

1. Allionii. Spike solitary. Culm branch-
ed. L.rough. Sheaths hairless. Glumes and
Stalks of barren Spicules smooth ; of fertile
hispid. Awn very long, downy. p. 7, 8.
Limestone rocks. Nice. it. Lakes.

2. distachyus. Spikes in pairs, terminal.
Barren Spicules awned. Culm undivided. p.
5. Stony. Nice. Prov.

3. hirtus. Spikes in pairs, panicled. Bar-

Glumes, if any, unilateral .

. Gen. 913-915.

ren Spicules awnless. Upper part of the
Stalk, common to a pair of spikes, with long
has. p.7. Dry. It. mdt. Fy.

4. pubescens. Spikes in pairs, panicled.
Awns of complete Flt. six times as long as
floret. Barren Spicule awnless. Upper part
of Stalk downy. p. 8, 9. Campania—Brrr.

5. Ischeemum. Spikes many, fan-like.
Glumes striate. Lower Glume and Stalk of
the awned complete Spicule hairy. p. 7, 8.
Dry lulls. s. Kur. Spicules purplish.

6. Gryllus. Fl. in panicles. Branches
whorled, spreading, 3-flowered. p. 6,7. Dry
fills. s. Kurope.

841. SORGHUM.

1. vulgare. Pan. compact, branched.
(Branches downy. Rachis hairless, KuNnTH.)
(Awn from extremity of pale, Dusy.) (Bar-
ren Fl. on very short stalks, Kocu.) Barren
Fits. extending considerably beyond fertile.
L. and Sheaths smooth. Root fibrous. a. 6,
7. Escapes. s. ¥r. It.

2. halepense. Pan. spreading. (Branches
and Rachis rough, KuntH.) (Awn continued
down to receptacle, Dusy.) (Stalk of bar-
ren Flt. about half as long as floret, KUNTH.) -
Barren Fits. extending considerably beyond
fertile. L. and Sheath smooth. Root creep-
ing. p. 7,8. Cult. s. Hur.

3. strictum. “Pan. rather close. Fi.
awned, villous at base. Pales 3; the middle
one bifid. Sheaths villous. p. s. France.
Differs from 8. halepensis by tts crowded
panicle, narrower L., villous sheaths, and
the spicules surrounded by a ring of hairs.”
—KwunNTH.

396

4. saccharatum. Hrect. Pan. spreading:
branches whorled, nodding. Glumes hairy.
Pales 3 in the perfect, 1 in the neutral floret.

Barren Fit. falling short of fertile. Root fi-
brous. a. 7. Escapes from cult. It.
Tribe Il. PANICEZ.
842. DIGITARIA.
1. sanguinalis. Spikes 2-9. L. and

Sheaths hairy. Outer Glume minute, trian-
gular ; imner about half as long as pale. Mar-
gin of barren Fit. rough. a. 7-9. Cult. m.
and s. Hur.

2. ciliaris. Spikes 4-8. Outer Glume
very minute, ovate ; inner about half as long as
pale. Barren Fit. ciliate with fine long hairs.
a. 7-9. Sandy. s. Fr. G. Sw. It.

3. humifusa. Nearly smooth, much
branched. Spikes 2-4. Outer Glume want-
ing; inner, and subobtuse barren Flt. downy,
about equal; as long as pale. Pales equal,
successively investing the seed. a. 8, 9.
Sandy cult. Eng. rare. Belg. Fr. G. Sw.

4, debilis. Smooth, branched. Spikes 2-5.
Outer Glume wanting; inner as long as pale.
Barren Flt. acuminate, exceeding pale. a.
5, 6. Ischia zz the hot vapours of Casciotti.

5. paspaliformis. Hairless, except at the
opening of the sheath, branched, creeping.
Spikes in pairs. Outer Glumes small, scariose,
sometimes wanting; inner as long as pale and
barren Flt. p. 7. Nat. at Bordeaux.

843. PANICUM.

l. repens. Stoloniferous. Panicle few-
flowered. Branches erect. Outer Glume
broad and short, entire, surrounding base of
spicule ; inner and barren Flt. equal, acute,
plicato-nervose at the tip. LL. folded, downy
above. Sheath smooth, except at mouth. p.
7-10. Sea-shore. Hyéres. Liguria. Sic.

2. ecapillare. Pan. much branched, ca-
pillary, spreading, straight. Fl. widely scat-
tered. Outer Glume ovate, acute; inner and
barren Fits. acuminate, smooth. Sheaths
hairy. a. Swmmer. Nice. The small and
scattered Fl. form the most obvious distinction
between this and the following.

3. miliaceum. Pan. lax, nodding. Glumes
acuminate, plicato-nervose, hairless. | Sheaths
hairy. a. 7. Escapes from cult. Fr. It.

}
|
|

841. SORGHUM.

4. compressum. Pan. oblong, erect.

| Spicules ciliate. L. and Sheaths downy. Culm

branched, compressed. p. 10,11. Cale. rocks.
Sicily.

5. ‘Teneriffze. Pan. spreading, afterwards
closing. Glumes villous. Stalks smooth.
Throat of Sheath hairy. lL. subulate, short,
flat; afterwards involute. Root somewhat
creeping. p.6-8. Sandy coast. Messina.

844. OPLISMENUS.

1. undulatifolius. Spicules in distant
clusters on a simple spike. Rachis very hairy.
Glumes awned, smooth, somewhat fringed.
L. ovato-lanceolate, acuminate, undulate. a.
8,9. Shade. It. Sw. n. It.

2. Crus-Galli. Spikes compound or de-
compound. Fits. tiled. Glumes and barren
Fits. hispid, poimted or awned. Outer Pale
with a rough point. Rachis bristly. a.7, 8.
Ruch cult. s. Kur. Eng. very rare.

3. zonalis. “Rac. spike-like, compound.
Branches simple, remote, erect. Spicules se-
cund, without awns. Rachis 3-edged. L.
without stipules. a. 8, 9. Feelds. Palermo.”
— Bert.

4. eruciformis. “Rac. spike-like, com-
pound. Branches simple, approximate, erect.
Spicules secund, in two rows, without awns.
Perfect Fits. very blunt. Stipule (ligule)
bearded. a. 8-10. Pisenum.”—Berr. Ter-
mini.

845. SETARTA.

1. glauca. Spicules crowded. Invol. 1-
flowered, of many setas, toothed forwards.
Outer Pale of complete Fits. strongly trans-
versely wrinkled. a. 8,9. Cult. s. Hur.

2. viridis. Spicules crowded. Invol. gene-
rally 1-flowered, of 2-38 setas, toothed for-
wards. Pales nearly even. a. 7-9. Cult. Eng.
rare. s. Kur.

3. verticillata.
branches verticillate.

Pan. spike-like, lobed :
Invol. 1-flowered, of

many setas, their teeth reversed. a. 7, 8.
Cult. s, Hur.
4. italica. ‘Pan. spike-like, decom-

pound, lobed. Setas 2-3, toothed forwards.
Pale of complete Fit. nearly smooth. L. flat,
rough. Sheath smooth. a. 7,8. Cult. Vienna.
Canton of Tessin.”-—Berr.

K

5. germanica, ‘“ Rac. spike-like, nearly

GRAMINA,

Invol. of Setas
Outer Pale of
a. 7,8. Near

continuous. Rachis hirsute.

hardly as long as the raceme.
complete Flt. quite smooth.

Trent.”—BERT.

846. PENNISETUM.

1. ciliare. Setas twice as long as floret,
equal; or one of the inner ones alone length-
ened. Glumes nearly equal. Inner Pale bi-
dentate. Styles separate, capillary. p. 11, 12,
Monte Pellegrino; 4, 5, Lipari.

847. LAPPAGO.

1. racemosa. Glumes at last horny.
Prickles crooked. Spicules disposed in short
spikes, which are united into a raceme. Upper
Spicule of each Spike tabescent. a. 6, 7.
Sandy. Fr. Vallais. It.

Tribe III. ORYZEA.
848. LEERSIA.

1. oryzoides. Pan. effuse. Glume 0.
Pales ciliate on the keel. Upper Sheath very
long and rough. p.8,9. Drains in wet
meadows and rice-fields. s. King. s. Kur.

849. ORYZA.

1. sativa. L. linear, rough. Outer Pale
ribbed. a. Ln field cultivation im Lombardy.

850. HHRHARTA.

]. panicea. “Culm branched. Race. lax,
somewhat compound at base. One of the neu-
tral Fits. transversely wrinkled. p. 7. Villa
Regia. Portici.’-—Kuntu, whom I have fol-
lowed in putting the plant among the Oryzee.

Tribe IV. PHALARIDEA.
851. PHALARIS.

A. Glumes conspicuously winged on the keel.

1. camariensis. Pan. spike-like, ovoid.
Wing rounded, nearly entire. Neutral Fits.
2, nearly equal, more than half as long as the
fertile florets. a. 6,7. scapes.

2. nitida. Spike ovoid. Glumes acute.
Wing somewhat rounded, entire. Neutral Fits.

}
|
{

397

2, very small, ovate, membranous. a. 4, 5.
Claycy hills, Sic.? Ponte Galera near Rome.

3. truncata. Rac. spike-like, cylindrical.
Wing entire, separated by a sinus from the top
of the glume. Neutral Flts. small, lanceolate,
membranous. Pale of fertile Fits. with ad-
pressed hairs. Root fibrous. 5,6. elds.
Cal. Sic. Orvieto.

4. nodosa. Pan. spike-like, lanceolate.
Glumes acute. Wing narrow, entire. Neutral
Fit. sublanceolate, villous, as well as the pale.
yp. 6. Dry clay. Sic. Civ. Vecchia.

5. aquatica. Pan. spike-like, cylindrical.
Glumes acute. Wing eroso-dentate, termi-
nating abruptly. No barren Fit. Pales thin,
nearly smooth. Roots beaded. p. 6. Coasts
of Mat.

6. minor. Pan. spike-like, oblong. Glumes.
acuminate. Wing narrow, jagged. Outer
barren Flt. a minute fleshy scale; immer mem-
branous, half as long as the villous pale. a.
5. Genoa. Rome. Sic. Sard.

7. gracilis. ‘Pan. very short, ovoid.
Glume acute, mucronulate, with a broad,
toothed wing, truncate below the top. Bar-
ren Flt. solitary, linear, very small. Glume
of fertile Flt. villous. Upper Sheath inflated,
leafless. Culm slender. Root fibrous. Malta.’”
—PARL.

8. paradoxa. Rac. spike-like, obovato-
cylindrical: middle and upper branches some-
what cymose. Small, blunt, neutral Spicules
mixed with the others at the base of the spike.
a.5. Cult. It. Istr. Trieste. s. Fr.

B. Keel of Glumes not winged.

9. arundinacea. Pan. erect, spreading.
Barren Fits. very minute, crested with long
hairs. p.6,7. Wet. Wanting in s. It.

852. ANTHOXANTHUM.

1. odoratum. Pan. spike-like. FI. nearly
erect. Glume about as long as the awns. op.
4—6. Meadows.

2. gracile. Pan. short. Fi. hairless, di-
varicate. Longer Awn twice as long as glume.
a. 3-5. Calc. pastures. Sic. Sard.

853. HIEROCHLOA.

1. borealis. Pan. somewhat one-sided.
Stalks smooth, complete. Flt. awnless ; barren
slightly awned. Root creepmg. p. 5, 6.
n.e. G: Sc. very rare. It. Tyr.

398 853. HIEROCHLOA.

2. australis. Pan. somewhat one-sided.
Stalks bearded. Complete Flt. awnless ; lower
barren, with a short terminal awn; upper
with a bent dorsal awn. p. 5, 6. Stony hills.
Miilhausen. Auv. Mendes. Mtp.

3. parviflora. “Pan. erect. Stalks bearded
at the base. Fit. less than the glume. Awn
of complete Fit. from below the top, exceeding
glume. Sic.”—Kuntu. Not in Gussone.

854. COIX.

1. Lachryma. Spicules axillary, stalked,
hardened. Invol. white and shining. p. 5-8.
Slow streams at S. Cosimano near Syracuse,
and near Palermo. Cultivated originally to
form rosaries of the fruit-like involucra, but
now naturalized.

ZEA.

Zea Mays, the Indian corn, is widely culti-
vated in the s. of Hur., but is, I believe, no-
where in any degree naturalized. Its large
size, and the fertile spikes being quite separate
from the barren panicle, make it easily recog-
nizable.

855. LYGEUM.

1. Spartum. Cal. sheath-like, beaked. p.
3-5. Olayey hills near the sea. Sic.

Tribe V. PHLEINEA.
856. ACHNODONTON.

1. bulbosum. Spike cylindrical. Glumes
elliptico-oblong, mucronulate, roughish. a.
6. Dry. s. Kur.

857. PHLEUM.
A. With rudiment of second interior Floret.

1. asperum. Pan. spike-like, cylindrical.
Glumes cuneiform, pointed, (inflato-angular,
Kocu,) rough. Culms tufted. No barren
shoots. a. 6,7. Eng. rare. Prov. It. s. G.

2. arenarium. Pan. spike-like, obovato-
lanceolate. Glumes lanceolate, acuminate, ci-
liate on keel, three times as long as the trun-
cate, notched corolla. Culms ascending. No
barren Tufts of L. p. 6. Sandy shores.

3. Mlichelii. Pan. spike-like, cylindrical.
Glumes lanceolate, acuminate, ciliate on the
keel. Pales of substance of glumes, oblong,

hairy ; inner cloven. Root slightly creeping,
and producing barren tufts of L. p. 7. Moun-
tain pastures. Br. rare. Jura. Alps. Ma-
donie.

4. Boehmeri. Pan. spike-like, cylindrical.
Glumes lanceolate, obliquely truncate, acumi-
nate, mucronate, rather rough. Keel with a
few bristles. Culm simple. Root tufted, pro-
ducing barren tufts of L. p. 6,7. Barren
fills. Eng.rare. Fr. G. Sw. n. It.

B. Without any rudiment.

5. pratense. Rac. spike-like, cylindrical.
Glumes truncate, awned, ciliate on the keel.
Awn much shorter than the glume. p. 6, 7.
Meadows.

B. Bertoloni. Fewer cilia on keel. Lower
Fits. abortive.

y. nodosum. Race. oval, short. Culm thick-
ened at base.

6. echinatum. Spike oval. Lower Spi-
cules deflexed! Glumes shorter than the
rough awns. Keel ciliate at base. L. smooth.
Root fibrous. a. 5. Grassy hills. Sic.

7. alpinum. Rac. spike-like, oblong.
Glumes truncate, ciliate on the keel, each with
an awn as long as itself. p.7. Mountain
meadows. Alps.

8. commutatum. “Pan. ovato-oblong,
not exceeding an inch im length. Glumes
truncate, ciliate on back. Seta about three-
fourths as long as glume, rough, not ciliate.
Sheath of upper L. inflated, three or four
times as long as L. Upper Ligule very short
and obtuse. Jn P. alpinum the spike is longer,
the upper sheath hardly inflated, and only
twice as long as L.; and the uppermost L.
oblong, acute. p.7. Sc.’—Bas.

858. ALOPECURUS.

A. Glumes united at the base.

1. agrestis. Culm erect; upper part
roughish. Spike nearly simple, tapering at
each end. Glumes united to above the middle.
a. 6,7. Grass and cult. Wanting in Sic.

2. alpinus. Culm erect, smooth. Pan.
spike-like, ovoid. Glumes obliquely abrupt,
acute, very villous, nearly as long as the dor-
sal awn of pale (which projects one-third of its
length beyond the pale, Bas.). Outer Pale
with distant ribs. p. 7. Loch na Gar. Ben
Lawers. Mountains of Clova.

3. pratensis. Culm erect, smooth. Spike

GRAMINA., 399

somewhat panicled. Glumes acute, villous,
falling short of awn (which projects more than
half its length beyond the pale, Bas.). p. 5.
Meadows. Rarein Sw. Wanting s. of Apenn.

4. nigricans. ‘Culm erect, smooth.
Pan. cylindrical, obtuse. Glumes acute, villoso-
ciate. Plant with long creeping runners. p.
5,6. Meadows. Hamb.’—Kocnu.

5. geniculatus. Culm ascending, geni-
culate. Spike cylindrical. Glumes obtuse,
ciliate (rather longer than pale. Awn from near
base of pale, and projecting half its length be-
yond it, Bas.). Anthers linear. p. 6,7. Wet.

6. fulvus. Culm ascending, geniculate.
Spike cylindrical. Glumes obtuse, ciliate (shorter
than pale. Awn from below middle of pale,
and hardly extending beyond it, Bas.). An-
thers roundish. p. 7. Ditches and wet mea-
dows. Eng. Fr. G. Sw.

B. Glumes distinct.

7. bulbosus. Culm erect. Spike simple,
taper. Glumes villous, linear, acute. Root
bulbous. p. 6. Warshes near the sea.

§. utriculatus. Culm ascending. Spike
racemose, ovoid. Glumes with keel, dilated
above the middle. Upper Sheath inflated. a.
4,5. Clayey meadows. s.e. Fr. It.

9. Gerardi. Spike subglobose. Glumes
lanceolate, acuminate, villous, unequal. Awn
hardly exceeding pale. Roots clustered, swell-
ing. A small inner pale is sometimes obser-

vable. p.6. Very high. e. Alps. Pyr. Not
m Sw.

859. CRYPSIS.

1. alopecuroides. Culm simple, terete.
Spike cylindrico-oblong, naked. Glumes cili-
ate, acute. a.9,10. Clayey meadows. Fr.
Aust. Bav.

2. nigricans. Culms slender, simple, dif-
fuse. Spike elliptico-oblong, naked. Glumes
smooth, subobtuse, ciliato-scabrous on the

keel. a. 10, 11. Roadsides overflowed in
winter. Sic.

3. schoenoides. Culms branched, com-
pressed. Spike ovoideo-oblong, sheathed at
base. a. 8,9. Marshy. s. Fr. s. G. It.

4. aculeata. Upper Pale l-nerved! Sta-
mens 2! Culm branched, compressed. Heads
hemispherical, involucrate. a. 8,9. Marshy
coasts of Mdt.

860. GASTRIDIUM.

1. lendigerum. Pan. spike-like. Glumes
acuminate, shining. Awn of Pale long. a.

6-8. Cult. occ.

2. muticum. Pan. spike-like. Glumes
oblong, acute, rough. Awn very short or
wanting. p. 6-8. Cull. occ. ss. Fr. Sic.

Tribe VI. AGROSTIDEL.
861. POLYPOGON.

1. monspeliensis. Divisions of Glumes
short, rather obtuse. Awn straight, three
times as long as glume. Outer Pale somewhat
4-toothed. Pan. rather spike-like. Root fi-
brous. a. 6, 7. Moist uncult. salt. Eng.
rare. Mat.

2. maritimus. Divisions of Glume acute.
Awn four times as long as glume. Outer Pale
4-toothed, awnless! Pan. lobed, contracted.
Root creeping. a. 5, 6. Clay. Coasts of Mdt.

B. subspathaceus. Pan. sheathed at base.

3. littoralis. Glume lineari-lanceolate, as
long asawn. Pale awned beneath the point.
Pan. loose. Root creeping. p. 8. Muddy

shores. Very rare. Eng. Isl. of Norderney.
Montpellier.

862. MILIUM.

1. effusum. Pan. diffuse: the branches
widely spreading. Awn0. p. 6,7. Woods.

2. vernale. Pan. somewhat compressed :
branches erect. Fl. scattered, awnless. Glumes
obtuse, exceeding the smooth and polished

pale. lL. linear, short, flat. a. 4. Road-
sides. Cors. Cal. Nebrodes.
863. AGROSTIS.
A. Panicle spike-hke.
1. nitens. Glumes shining, lanceolate,

acute, serrato-scabrous on the keel. Pales
villous ; outer with awn at base, and ending in

two long setas. L. distichous. Culm as-
cending. Habit of Gastridium. a. 4, 5.
Sandy shores. Trapani. Santa Croce in Sie.

B. Panicle not spike-like. No Rudiment of
second floret.
i. Pales equal.

2. verticillata. Pan. compact. Glumes

4.00 863. AGROSTIS.

obtuse, pubescent. Keel ciliolate. Awn 0.
Root fibrous. Culms tufted, ascending. p.
7-9. Wet. Wtaly.—Brrr.

ii. Inner Pale about half as long as outer.

3. alba. Pan. contracted when in fruit:
branches rough. Glumes lanceolate: eel
rough. Awn usually 0. Culm spreading,
creeping. lL. linear. Ligule oblong, nerved.
p. 7,8. Wet.

B. stolonifera. With long prostrate run-

ners.

y. glaucescens. i. short, rigid, glauces-

cent.

§. frondosa. Outer Pale truncate, with 5
nerves: 4 of them prolonged into as
many setas. I follow Bertoloni with
doubt in uniting this to A. alba.

«. maritima. Glumes smooth. Branches
of Pan. short.

¢ straminea. An Awn from above middle
of outer pale.

4. vulgaris. Pan. ovato-oblong: branches
diverging, roughish. Glumes equal. Culm
erect. Lig. short, truncate. p. 7, 8. Woods
and pastures.

iii. Inner Pale very small, or wanting.

5. eanina. Pan. diffuse, ovate: branches
rough, diverging. Glumes ovato-lauceolate,
acute. Awn from below middle of pale, bent.
Root-L. setaceous. Root creeping. Culm de-
cumbent. p. 6-8. Peaty. Inner Pale
often wanting. Hooker and Gaudin profess
never to have met with it.

6. pusilla. “ Glumes rough on keel. Awn
from below middle of pale, geniculate, white.
Root-L. setaceous. Lig. of lower L. obtuse ;
of upper multifid. Root creeping. Belgium.”
—KUNTH.

7. glaucina. Pan. contracted. Stalks
rough. Glumes acuminate, rather longer than
2-pointed pale. Awn from base of pale, bent,
somewhat exceeding glume. Root creeping.
p. 6. Heaths. Anjou.

8. setacea. Pan. compact, oblong. Glumes
lanceolate, acuminate. Stalks rough. Awn
from base of pale, bent. Inner Pale very
minute. Root-L. setaceous. Root tufted.
yp. 6. Dry heaths. w. Eng. w. Fr.

9. alpina. Pan. ovate: branches spread-
ing, hispid. Glumes lanceolate, acuminate.
Awn from base of truncate pale. Root-L.
setaceous. Root tufted. p. 7, 8. Very
high pastures. Fr. Sw. Bav. Sty.

10. rupestris. Pan. oblong: branches
spreading. smooth. Glumes lanceolate, acute.
Awn from below middle of pale. Root-L. se-

taceous. Root tufted. p. 7, 8. Stony moun-
tains. Fr. Sw. Bay. Boh. Sil.

11. pulchella. ‘“‘ Pan. effuse: branches
capillary, divaricate, one-flowered. Spicule

ovate. Glumes obtuse. Awn 0. IL. convolute,
filiform. a. 6. Bosco di Castello Buono,
Sic.”’—Guss.

12. elegans. Pan. lax, capillary. Stalks
smooth, very fine. Glumes smooth, subacute.
Awn 0. Pale 1, obtuse. L. involuto-subulate.
Culm erect, very fine and small in all its
parts. a.5. Sand. Dax. Toulon.

13. pallida. Pan. much branched. Glumes
acuminate ; the outer rough on keel. Pale 1,
obtuse, with 2 minute points. Dorsal Awn
straight, twice as long as glume. a. 5. Sandy
inmundations. Fréjus. Cors. Sic. Viterbo. Re-
sembles A. interrupta.— BERT.

C. Spicules with rudiment of second

floret.

14. Spica-Venti. Pan. diffuse, many-
flowered. Awn very long, somewhat flexuose,
from beneath tip of outer pale. Anthers li-
neari-oblong. a. 6, 7. Cult. Not i s.
Italy.

15. interrupta. Pan. contracted: lower
branches remote. Awn very long, somewhat
flexuose, from beneath tip of outer pale. An-
thers roundish. a. 6,7. Cult. Fr. G. Vall.
n. Italy.

Doubtful.

16. comosa. “ Pan. very large, nodding.
Fl. awned. L. rather rough, reed-hke. It.
=Piptatherum multiflorum ?’—Kuntu. Not
in Italian floras.

864. VILFA.

1. pungens. Glumes unequal. Pan. con-
tracted. Florets awnless. L. involute, rigid,
pungent ; the upper obliquely opposite. Culm
branched. p. 7, 8. Sandy shores. Nice.
Sicily.

§65. COLEANTHUS.
Culm filiform, prostrate,

Pan. divari-
Boh.

1. subtilis.
flexnose. Sheaths ventricose.
cate. a. 7-9. Borders of pools.

GRAMINA,

866. KNAPPTA.

Root fibrous.
Sand. Eng.

1. minima. Very small.
Stems numerous. a. 4, 5.
very rare. Ky. Nice. Pdm.

Tribe VII. STIPACEZ.
867. PIPTATHERUM.

1. ezerulescens. Cor. smooth. Awn fall-
ing short of glume. LL. involuto-setaceous.
All the Ligules long, erose. p. 5. Calc.
hills. wodt. Fr. Carrara. Sic.

2. paradoxum. Pan. few-flowered. Awnu
twice as long as glume. Pales hairy. L. flat.
All the Ligules short and truncate. p. 7.
Cale. woods. Nice. Prov. Carin. Carn. Monte
Baldo. Tivoli.

3. Thomasii. “Culm geniculate at base.
L. convolute, smooth, narrow linear. Ligule
short, truncate. Pan. long, lax, somewhat con-
tracted. Pedicels in half whorls, the lower
usually abortive. Glumes smooth, acuminate,
nearly equal. Awn terminal, straight, some-
what exceeding the spicule. »p. Cape Corso
in Cors.”—DuBy.

4. multiflorum. Pan. many - flowered.
Awn as long as glume. Pales smooth. L.

flat. Lower Ligule truncate ; upper laciniate.
p. All the year. Walls and dry. mat. Fr.
Italy.

868. STIPA.

1. pennata. Awn twisted below, feathery
above the upper knee, 12 exehes long. Glumes
subulate, with a long, scariose point. Anthers
hairless. p. 6, 7. Dry hills. Fr. G. Sw.
Italy.

2. juncea. Awn hairy throughout, about 3
mm. long ; upper part straight, much longer than
the twisted lower. Glume subulate. Anthers
bearded. All L. setaceous. Upper Sheaths
not enlarged. p.5. Dry hills. s. Fr. Lig.

3. capillata. Awn about 6 im. long; up-
per part finely pubescent, flexuose, more than
twice as long as the twisted and nearly smooth
lower. A broad Sheath embracing base of
panicle. p. 6, 7. Dry hills and walls.
Nice. Cors. Rous. G. Sw. Aosta.

4. tortilis. Pan. spike-like. Awn about
41 im. long; the lower part much twisted,

401

armed with strong hairs. Inner Glume vil-
lous. Sheaths broad; upper generally em-
bracing base of panicle. a.4. Dry. Nice.
Cors. Rous. Civ. Vecchia. Tivoli. Sic.

5. Aristella. Awn hispid, not twisted ;
twice as long as rostrato-acuminate glume.
Fits. sessile. Anthers hairless. All L. involuto-
setaceous. p. 7. Dry rocky. Nice. n. ©.
Italy.

869. ARISTIDA.

1. Adscensionis. Hairless. I. convo-
lute. Pan. long, branched, straight, subsecund.
Glumes unequal, subbidentate ; the larger about
equalling the floret. Awn rough. p. 5, 6.
Monte Gallo near Pal.

870. ACHNATHERUM.

Pales
Culms numerous,
Warm stony. s. Fr. un. It.

1. Calamagrostis. Pan. diffuse.
clothed with long hairs.
leafy. p. 7, 8.
Carin. Apenn.

Tribe VIII. ARUNDINACEZ.

871. ARUNDO.

A. Spicules 1-flowered, without rudiment.
Hairs from base of Pale.

1. Calamagrostis. Pan. diffuse. Glumes
lanceolate, acute. Hairs exceeding florets.
Outer Pale half as long as glume, emarginate.
Awn very short. L. flat. Ligules large, acute.
p. 6-8. Wet. e. Eng. Fr. G. Sw. n. It.

2. littorea. Pan. diffuse. Glumes lan-
ceolate, compresso-subulate at the tip. Hairs
exceeding floret. Awn terminal, about half as
long as outer pale. L. with involute margin.
Ligules large, acute. p.7, 8. Sandy river-
sides. Fr. occ. Danube. Sw. adr. G.

3. epigejos. Pan. straight, spreading.
Glumes nearly sessile, lanceolate, pointed.
Hairs exceeding pale. Awn equalling floret;
from middle, or rather above middle, of pale.
Tip of outer Pale toothed. L. roughish. Culm
smooth. Ligule elongated. p. 6,7. occ.

4, halleriana. Pan. diffuse. Glumes lan-
ceolate, acute. Hairs as long as pale. Awn
straight from below middle of pale, which it does
not exceed. L. flat. Culm smooth. Ligule
large, acute. p. 7, 8. Morst shade. Sw. occ.

5. tenella. Pan. diffuse. Glumes lan-

3 F

402 871. ARUNDO.

ceolate, acute. Hairs about half as long as
floret. Awn dorsal and twisted, or wanting.
L. flat, acuminate. ILigule large, acute. p.
7,8. Mountan pastures. Bex. Dr. Kip-
pist finds that the inner Pale is wanting or
very minute.

B. With rudiment of a second floret. Long
Hairs from the base of the Pale.

6. stricta. Pan. erect. Glumes ovate, sub-
acute, hardly exceeding pale. Awn straight
from below middle of Pale, which it hardly ex-
ceeds. Hairs shorter than floret. Rudiment
a stalked tuft of hairs. LL. somewhat involute.
Ligule very short, truncate. p. 6,7. Mozst
meadows. Rescobie near Forfar. Delamere
Forest. Irel. n. e. G.

7. montana. Pan. spreading. Glumes
acute, about as long as pale. Awn from near
the base, geniculate and twisted, exceeding
glume. Hairs not exceeding floret. Rudiment
a hairy stalk. Ligule long, acute, lacerate. p.

7, 8. Woody hills. Fr. G. Sw.
8. sylvatica. Pan. spreading. Glumes
acute, rather exceeding florets. Dorsal Awn

geniculate, exceeding glume. Hairs very short ;
about one-fourth of pale. Rudiment a hairy
stalk. Ligule short, rounded. p. 7, 8. Woody
hills. Yr. G. Sw. n. It.

C. Calyx with 2 flowers, or 1 and the rudi-
ments of a second. Long hairs from a ring
above the base of pale.

9. Plinii. Pan. erect. Upper part of
Pale smooth, and tapering into a seta, which
exceeds glume. Rudiment a smooth stalk,
with a scale or two at the end. p. 9. Ditches
and banks, Rome. Florence. Bologna. Has
sometimes 2 florets, when it has been called
biflora azd mauritanica.

D. Calyx 3—-5-flowered.

10. Donax. Glumes nearly equal; inner
as long as floret. Outer Pale setigerous. Hairs
from near base, falling short of outer pale. Li-
gule a narrow membrane fringed with short
hairs. p.9, 10. Coasts of Mdt. Lago di
Garda.

11. altissima. Cal.3-5-flowered. Glumes
unequal ; the outer half as long as floret. Li-
gule composed of long hairs. p. s. Fr.—
BrEnvu.

872. AMMOPHILA.

l. arenaria. Glumes lanceolate, acute.

Rudiment

Hairs one-fourth as long as pale.
p. 7, 8.

an acute, hairy stalk. L. involute.
Sandy shores.

2. baltica. Glumes ovato-lanceolate, very
acute. Hairs half as long as pale. Rudiment
generally wanting. L.involute. p. 7. Sandy
shores of Baltic.

873. PHRAGMITES.

1. communis. Pan. lax. Cal. 4—7-flow-
ered. p. 8,9. Wet, and still water. Spi-
cules purple.

2. isiacus. “Pan. very large, oblong.
Cal. 2-5-flowered. Flts. awnless, far exceed-
ing glumes. L. and Sheaths quite smooth,
glaucous. p. 9.”—KuntH. Marshes between
Sargans and Ragatz in Sw. Specules yel-
lowish-green, afterwards reddish.

874. AMPELODESMOS.

1. tenax. Cal. 2-flowered, LL. involuto-
subulate. p. 5-7. Dry calc. hills, It. Sic.

Tribe IX. CHLORIDE.

875. CYNODON.

1. Dactylon. Spikes 3-5, digitate. Pale
smooth, subciliate, longer than glume. Rudi-
ment setiform. p. 7,8. Dry sandy. Corn-
wall. Common further south.

876. DACTYLOCTENIUM.

l. eegyptiacum. Spikes 4-5. Rachis
smooth. Inner Glume mucronate. LL. fringed
at base. Culm ascending. a. 9-11. Sandy.
Paterno in Sic.

877. BECKMANNIA.

1. eruciformis. Erect. L. flat. Ligule
long. p.5. Wet. Ostia. Albano. Tusce. Sil.

878. LEPTOCHLOA.

1. arabica. Glumes equal. Flts. stalked,
awnless. a. Sandy shores. Giulia Nova and
Pescara. K. of Nap.

879. SPARTINA.

1. stricta. Culm very smooth. Spikes —
2-4. Glumes downy. Keel unarmed. L. con-

GRAMINA.,

volute, pungent, with a line of separation from
sheath, at which they afterwards break off. p.
8. Muddy shores. s, Wing. n. Fr.

2. alternifiora. Smooth. Spikes 4-10.
Glumes ciliate on keel. LL. flat, convolute at
point, continuous with sheath. p. 8. River-
mouths. Southampton. Bayonne.

Tribe X. AVENACEE.
880. AIRA.

£4. Awn geniculate, clubbed. Knee bearded.

1. canescens. IL. convoluto-setaceous. Li-
gule oblong, truncate. p.7. Sand. e. Ung.
Fr. G. Shores of Ticino.

2. articulata. LL. flat, convolute when
dry. ligule oblong, subacute. p.5. Sandy
coasts of Mat.

B. Awn geniculate, not clubbed nor bearded,
sometimes wanting.

i. Outer Pale ending in two long, rough
points.
3. preecox. Pan. somewhat spike-like. Fits.
nearly equal. L. setaceous. a. 4-6. Sand.
very rare m Sw. and un. It. Not ins. It.,

4. multiculmis. “ Densely tufted. Culms
simple. Pan. contracted. Flts. shorter than
the glume; the upper one stalked. a. Bogs.
Utrecht. Belg.”’-—Lrsnunr. Has the habit of
A. canescens and the Fl. of caryophyllea.

5. caryophyllea. Pan. trichotomous,
branched, at last divaricate. Flts. included in
calyx, hairy at base; each with a geniculate
awn, exceeding glume. IL. setaceous. a. 5, 6.
Sand or gravel.

6. capillaris. Panicles trichotomous:
branches capillary; (secondary long. Glumes
entire, obtuse, Paru.,) spreading. Flts. in-
cluded, sessile, without hairs; the upper one
alone awned. a. 4,5. Dry. Hyeres. Cors.
Italy.

7. cupaniana. “‘ Panicles trichotomous :
branches capillary, spreading ; secondary very
short. Glumes erose, obtuse, but often with
acumen. Fl. included, the upper alone awned.
Awn nearly twice as long as calyx. a. 4,5.
Cale. hills and sandy shores. Sic.’—Paru.

ii. Outer Pale denticulate, (not bifid,) about
as long as glume.
8. flexuosa. Pan. spreading. Outer Pale

403

hardly nerved, with a tuft of strong hairs at
base. Awn nearly from base. Stalk of in-
ner Flt. not one-fourth as long as floret. LL.
setaceous. p.6, 7. Hill pastures.

9, uliginosa. Panicle erect, spreading.
Outer Pale awned near the base. Stalk of
inner Flt. about half as long as floret. L. very
narrow, flat or folded, p. 8, 9. Boggy.
e, Friesland, Westph.

10. alpina. Pan. dense, suberect. Stalks
smooth. Awn from near the tip of outer pale,
short, or included. lL. involuto-subulate.
Sheaths quite smooth. p. 6,7. Very high.
Mountains of Clova. Ben Lomond. Szore,
Dundee.

CC. No awn.

11. Penorii. Pan. trichotomous: branches
divaricate. Outer Pale hard, rough, nerveless,
nearly entire, about equalling obtuse mem-
branous glume, a. 4,5. Dry hills. It.

12. minuta. Pan. trichotomous, widely
spreading. Outer Pale firm, with strong rough
nerves, denticulate, about equalling glume.
a.3. Dry. Rome. Flor. Cors.

13. globosa. Pan. compact, erect. Glumes
smooth, hemispherical. Outer Pale hairy and
lacerate at top, scariose, without nerves. Culm
erect. a. 4,5. Sand. Dax. Fréjus. Toulon.

14. agrostidea. Pan. lax. Outer Pale
scariose, nerveless, slightly 3-lobed, otherwise
entire, hairless. Culm geniculate, creeping. a.
4,5. Moist grassy. Britt. Anjou. Fontainebleau.

15. insularis. ‘Pan. much branched,
diffuse: branches somewhat trichotomous, ca-
pillary, spreading. Glumes rather lax, erecto-
patent in the flower; in fruit nearly twice as
long as seed. Anthers short. Culm genicu-
late at base, creeping. L. flat. a. 6, 7. Mown-
tain pools. Sic.” —PARtL.

Doubtful.

16. oryzetorum. Pan. erect. Fits. 3,
smooth, with a very short awn, exceeding ca-
lyx. Jigule truncate, very short. p.? 6.
Rice-grounds. Verona, very rare. Pollint
thinks it may be a var. of Festuca elatior.

** Pan. lax, trichotomous,

Fits. awnless,
Cors. 2”

17. Hagascee.
capillary, somewhat fastigiate.
shorter than the keeled glumes. a.
—KuNTH.

' 881. DESCHAMPSIA.

1. ezespitosa. Pan. diffuse, broadly pyrami-

3 FQ

404 $81. DESCHAMPSIA.

dal. Awn short, from base of outer pale.
Axis hairy. L. flat, very rough above. Root
tufted. p. 6,7. Woods and moist meadows.

2. wibeliana. Pan. diffuse, oblongo-py-
ramidal. Awn setaceous, equalling outer pale.
L. flat, rather rough above. Root stolonife-
rous. p. 6,7. Wet sandy banks, Ulbe.

3. juncea. “ Pan. spreading, very obtuse.
Outer Pale villous at base, and awned, toothed
at top; inner smooth, bifid’? — Kunru.
““Glumes acute, about as long as truncate pale.
Awn hardly equalling glumes. LL. convoluto-
setaceous.’—Dusy. a.6. Dry. Mtp. Sis-
teron. Gap. Sienna. Pisa.

882. LAGURUS.

1. ovatus.
a5. Dry.

Root-L. and Spike woolly.
s. Eur.

aa 883. TRISETUM.

1. subspicatum. Pan. spike-lke. Glumes
nearly equal, 1-nerved. Awn reflexed. Flt.
3, nearly sessile, rough, with a few hairs at the
base. p. 7,8. Very high. Sw. Sav. Pdm.
Pyrenees.

2. condensatum. Pan. ovoid, contracted
when in fruit. Glumes nearly equal; inner
3-nerved. Flts. 2-3, with a naked callus.
Rachis hairy, but not bearded. Awn from
above middle of pale, nearly straight. LL. flat,
hairless. a. 5,6. Dry hills and waysides.
Terrac. Sic.

3. meglectum. Pan. oblong. Glumes
very unequal, the outer not being half the
width of the inner. Fits. 4. Awn from about
middle of pale, somewhat recurved. L. hairy.
Root fibrous. a.6. Meadows and waysides.
Cors. s. It. Sic.

4, parviflorum. Pan. spreading, much
branched. Spicules small, numerous, 2-flow-
ered. Glumes very unequal. Axis hairless.
Awn short, from near summit of pale. L.
pubescent. a.4, 5. Open fields. Pisa. Sic.
Sardinia.

5. myrianthum. Pan. much branched.
Spicules small, numerous. Glumes uearly
equal: outer l-nerved; inner 3-nerved. Fi'lts.
2, with 2 tufts of very short hairs at base.
Awn from middle of back.
smooth externally. a. 6.
BER?.

“elds.

L. and Sheaths |
Milan.— |

6. flavescens. Pan. equal, diffuse. Glumes
very unequal. Flts. about 3, exceeding calyx.
Axis with a very short beard. Outer Pale 5-
nerved. Root somewhat creeping. p. 6, 7.
Meadows.

7. argenteum. Pan. equal, diffuse. Flts.
about 3. Glumes rather unequal: outer 1-
nerved ; inner 3-nerved. Hairs of Axis about
one-third as long as floret. Outer Pale 1-
nerved. lL, distich, smooth. Throats of
Sheaths hairy. p.7,8. High pastures. Alps.

8. distichophyllum. Pan. equal, diffuse.
Fits. about 2. Glumes rather unequal: both
3-nerved at base. Beard more than half as
long as floret. Outer Pale 3—5-nerved. L.
distich, somewhat downy. Throat of Sheaths
hairless. p. 8,9. High pastures. Alps.

9. gracile. “ Rac. short, ovate, nearly sim-
ple. Spicules 3-flowered. Glumes shorter than
florets. Axis with a dense, rather short, dirty-
white beard. Outer Pale 5-nerved, villous from
base to awn, which is fixed below middle of
pale. Root-L. involuto-setaceous, smooth.
Culm smooth. Root fibrous. p. 6. Moun-
tain pastures. Sard. An excellent species,
by no means to be confounded with T. disticho-
phyllum.”—BeErt.

10. Gavanillesii. Pan. contracted, short.
Glumes very unequal, 1-nerved and 3-nerved.
Fits. 2. Callus and short Rachis with very
long hairs. Pale hairless. Awn from above
middle. a.4. Monte Baldo. Vall. Very rare.

11. villosum. “Rac. compound, oblong,
nodding, somewhat spreading when in flower.
Spicules 2-flowered. Glumes unequal: outer
l-nerved ; inner 3-nerved. Flts. about equal-
ling calyx, with a silky, rather long beard on
the base and axis; awned from above the
middle. Sheaths and outside of L. hairless.
Culm villous. Root creeping. p. 7. Calc. rocks.
Monte Cornu. Rio Sacro.”—Brrv.

12. tenue. Pan. equal. Glumes 7-9-
nerved. Fits. 3, exceeding calyx; lowermost
awned at tip ; others at the back. Root fibrous.
a. Dry fields. s. Fr. s.G.n. It. rare.

884. AVENA.

A. Plant perennial. Glumes 1-3-nerved.
i. Florets not so many as 5.
a. ligule long, acute, nearly entire.
Sp. 1-4.
wb. ligule very short, ciliato-lacerate.
Sp. 5-10.

GRAMINA.

ii. Florets 5 or more, in a fully developed
spicule. Sp. 11-15.
B. Plant perennial. Glumes 5—9-nerved.

Sp. 16.
©. Plant annual. Glume 5—9-nerved.
i. Base of Outer Pale to middle covered
with long hairs. Sp. 17-19.

ii. Base of Outer Pale hairless. Sp. 20.

A. Plant perennial. Glumes \-3-nerved.
i. Florets not so many as 5.
a. Lngule long, acute, nearly entire.

1. lucida. Pan. contracted, nearly simple:
longer branches 2-flowered. Fits. 2, bearded
at base, and both awned from the middle. L.
hairless externally. Upper Ligules acumi-
nate, entire. Root fibrous. p. 6,7. Jloun-
tain meadows. Monte Baldo. Mountains of
Como.—BrErt.

2. pubescens. Pan. erect: longer bran-
ches 2-flowered. Fits. about 3, exceeding
calyx. Pale awned from middie, rough, stazned.
LL. flat, hairy on both sides. Root somewhat
creeping. p.5,6. Cale. pastures. Not in
s. Italy.

3. amethystea. “ Pan. racemose : longer
branches 2-flowered. Glumes 3-nerved. Fits.
about 2; the lower awned at one-third of its
length from the base, thin and silvery at top.
L. flat, hairy on both sides. Glumes nearly
twice as large asin A. pubescens, starned at
the base. p. 5. Hills. Monte Baldo. s.
Tyrol.’”’—Kocu.

4. Parlatorii. “ Pan. nearly simple, spread-
ing when in flower. Spicules 2-3-flowered. Flts.
all awned, rather shorter than calyx. Upper
part of Keel of Glume serrulate, scabrous.
Upper Pale with long cilia. L. rigid, long, hair-
less. Sheaths mostly hairless. Stems tufted. p.
Col di Tende. Alps.”,—Parn. This is the A.
setacea of Parl., and according to him, A.
sempervirens of Koch and Bert., but not of
Villars.

b. Ligule very short, lacerate.

5. alpestris. L. flat, hairy on both sides.
Pan. compound: the lowest branches 3-6-
flowered. - Flts. 3-4, exceeding calyx. Outer
Pale 5-nerved, hairy at base. p.7, 8. High
pastures. e. Alps. A Trisetum, except for
the bearded seeds.

6. sedenensis. L. flat, short, hairless.
Ligule truncate, not ciliate. Pan. compound.
Spicules 2—3-flowered, with a rudiment. Flts.
exceeding calyx. Upper Pale with very

4.05
short cilia. Stems tufted. p. Canigou.
—Paru. Lhave a plant from the Cantal

like this, except that the ligule is divided into
dense short cilia.

7. setacea. LL. convoluto-setaceous, hair-
less. Ligules reduced to a short fringe round
the ring at top of sheath. Sheaths usually
hairy. Fits. 2-3, rather exceeding calyx.
Outer Pale smooth. p. 7, 8. High pastures.
Dau. Mont Ventous. IL have no doubt that
this is the A. setacea of Villars, from its per-
fect correspondence with the description and
JSigure of that author, and from the authority
of UM. Requien, in whose company it was
gathered on Mont Ventous, and who ts per-
haps better acquainted with the plants of Vil-
lars than any other botanist. The nature of
the ligule effectually separates it from the A.
setacea of Parl, Ido not see, however, how
it differs from A. striata, whose character I
giwe below.

8. striata. ‘‘ Pan. compound, erect, con-
tracted, attenuate. Flts.3: the two lower
fertile, awned ; the upper barren, with a short
straight awn or none. Outer Pale shining,
quite hairless, cloven at top. L. rigid, narrow,
long, involute, quite smooth, except at the
mouth of the sheath. Ligule very short, trun-
cate, densly ciliate. Stems closely tufted. p.

B. filifolia. Sheaths covered with short

retrorse hairs.” —Par..

9. fallax. Pan. compound, spreading, at
last contracted. Fits. 3, all awned, somewhat
exceeding calyx. Outer Pale rough; inner
with short cilia. LL. rigid, involute, hairless.
Ligule very short, truncate, densely fringed.
Stems tufted. p. 4,5. Dry hills. Sic. s. It.
The L. of this and of A.setacea, and probably
also of A. striata, break off very readily from
the sheath, leaving the base of the plant
covered with the truncate sheaths. Something
of the same sort takes place im A, sedenensis.

10. sempervirens. Panicled. Fits. 3,
complete, woolly at base. LL. rigid, acute, in-
volute, evergreen. p. ViLu. None of the
plants to which this name has been since given
agree with the further description of Villars.
He compares tt to the Arrhenatherum, and
says the stems are three or four feet high, and
the root-L. a foot long, and so tough as to
cut the fingers of one who gathers it incau-
tiously. The upper floret 1s generally unpro-
ductive.

ii. Florets of fully-developed Spicules 5 or

m07e.

ll. plamiculmis. Pan. equal, long, con-

406 884. AVENA.

tracted: longer branches bearing 2 or 3 spi-
cules. Glume 3-nerved. Fits. 5-6. L. hairless,
rough on margin. Sheaths much compressed,
2-edged. p. 7,8. Springy. Sil. Mor.

12. alpina. Pan. contracted, nearly sim-
ple: branches in pairs, rarely 2-flowered. Up-
per Glumes 8-nerved. Axis hairy. Fits. about
8, awned above middle. LL. linear, very rough
on upper surface. Sheaths terete. Root fibrous.
p. 7,8. High mountains. Clova. Carn.

13. longifolia. “Pan. erect, contracted.
Fits. 5-8, exceeding unequal glumes. Axis
with a few hairs. Outer Pale 7-nerved, acu-
minate, shortly bidentate, hairy at base. L.
narrow, asper on upper surface. Ligules ob-
long, acuminate. p. Pine-woods. Narbonne.”
—Dupy.

14. pratensis. Pan. contracted, nearly
simple: longer branches sometimes bearing 2
spicules. Upper Glumes 3-nerved. Axis bearded.
Fits. 4-5, awned from the middle. L. rough
ou upper surface. Sheaths smooth. Culm
with one joint. Root fibrous. p.6,7. Dry
meadows.

15. versicolor. Pan. subovate, nearly
simple: the branches bearing 1 or 2 spicules.
Upper Glume 3-nerved. Axis hairy. Pales
asper. LL. flat; upper surface nearly smooth.
Ligule oblong, subacute. Root fibrous. p. 7, 8.
High pastures. Alps. Mountains of Carrara.

B. Plant perennial. Glumes 5—9-nerved.

16. alba. Pan. erect, lax, narrow. Fits.
2, only one of them awned. Inner Glume ob-
tuse, as long as pale. Pale 7-nerved, acumi-
nate, with short hairs at base. p. Prades.
—Dvusy. Appearance of A. sativa, VAHL.

C. Annual. Spicules drooping after flowering.
Glumes 5—9-nerved.

i. Base of Outer Pale, as far as middle, covered
with long hairs.

17. sterilis. Pan. l-sided. Fits. 4-5,
falling short of calyx; the 2 lower awned and
hairy ; upper awnless and smooth. a. 7. Corn.
It. Istria.

18. fatua. Pan. diffuse, equal. Fits.
about 3, falling short of calyx; all hairy and
awned. Outer Pale ending in lanceolate,
finely acute divisions. Root fibrous. a. 6, 7.
Corn.

19. hirsuta. Pan. one-sided. Fits. 2-3,
very hairy, as long as calyx, with a geniculate,
dorsal awn, and two long setiform teeth. Root
fibrous.. a. 5,6. Corn. Roofs. s. It. Sic.

ii. Base of outer Pale smooth.

20. strigosa. Pan. one-sided. Fits. about
3, as long as calyx; each with 1 awn and 2
long setas! Awn dorsal, generally very long.
a. 7, 8. Escapes from cultivation.

Besides these, we find in field cultivation, and
occasionally escaping, but not maintain-
ing themselves, the following annuals :—
21. orientalis. Pan. secund. Fits. 2,

falling short of the glume. Pale indurated.

22. muda. Pan. secund. Fits. 3, exceeding
glume. Pale membranous.

Pan. secund. Fits. 2, ex-
Fits. obtuse !

Pan. spreading all round.

23. brevis.
ceeding glume.

24. sativa.

§85. GAUDINIA.

1. fragilis. Culm branched. Sheaths and
L. pubescent. Spicule solitary, 5—7-flowered,
smooth. a.6,7. Dry. s. Hur.

886. ARRHENATHERUM.

l. avenaceum. Pan. diffuse. Upper Fit.
with a short, straight awn. Root knobby. L.
harsh. Glumes unequal, smooth. p. 6-8. Un-
cult.

2. Thorei. Pan. erect. Upper Flt. awn-
less. Axis hairy. Outer Pale pubescent, acu-
minate, entire. L. convolute, rigid, very long.
Knobs and lower Sheaths downy. p. Dry
heaths. Dax.

887. HOLCUS.

l.lanatus. Pan. equal. Awn of barren
Fit. recurved, included in calyx. Root fibrous.
p. 5-7. Meadows. Not ms. It.

2. mollis. Pan. equal. Awn of barren
Fit. geniculate, protruded. Root creeping. p.
7. Shade.

888. DANTHONIA.

1. decumbens. Awn short, straight. Pan.
nearly simple, contracted, few-flowered. Spi-
cules 3—4-flowered. Cal. about as long as Fits.
L. and Sheaths hairy. p. 6,7. Barren pas-
tures. Not im s. It.

2. provincialis. Awn long, twisted. Fits.
5-6. lL. smooth, throat hairy ; lower convo-
luto-setaceous. p. 6,7. Hill pastures. Gap.
Sisteron. Carin. Carn.

GRAMINA. 407

Tribe XI. FESTUCACEL.

[Sesleria, Selerochloa, Dactylis, Festuca,
some species of Melica, and a few also of
Poa, have a one-sided panicle; Cynoswrus has
a one-sided spike ; Oriochloa a 2-rowed spike. }

889. KOELERIA,
A. Florets awnless, Panicle spike-lke.

1. cristata. Pan. branched, oblong, in-
terrupted at base, nearly smooth. Flts. 2-4.
Outer Pale very acute. Culm smooth. L.
flat, the lower ciliate. Sheaths not dividing.
p. 7. Dry grassy. Not in Sie.

2. glauca. Pan. interrupted at base, hair-
less. Spicules 2—3-flowered. Outer Pale ob-
tuse, sometimes mucronate. Culm _ nearly
smooth, far exceeding sheaths. L. flat, hairless.
p. 6,7. Sandy fields. G. oce.

3. grandiflora. “ Rac. compound, some-
what interrupted at base. Spicules ovato-ob-
long. Glumes (and outer Pale, Par.) acumi-
nate, rather shorter than florets. Culm bul-
bous at base. L. often broader than in K. eris-
tata, and the Spicules nearly twice as large. Pp.
6, 7. It. oce.’—BeERt.

4. albescens. Pan. linear, interrupted.
Base sheathed, or nearly so, in the upper L.
Spicules 2—-3-flowered, acuminate. L. pubes-
cent, convoluto-setaceous. Var. of Sp. 1? p.
7. Sand. Toul. Bord. Anjou. Fontainebleau.

5. valesiaca. Spicules in groups, nearly ses-
sile, 2-3-flowered. Glumes ciliate on keel. Pales
acuminate. Lower L. convoluto -setaceous,
hairless. Culm far exceeding sheath, smooth

below, downy above. p. 4,5. Borders and
open hills. lower Vallais. Pdm.
B. setacea. Lower Pale villoso-ciliate on
the back.

B. Pales awned from below the tip. Glumes
nearly equal.

6. hirsuta. Pan. subovoid, somewhat in-
terrupted at base. Spicules 2-3-flowered, hir-
sute. L. very narrow, somewhat convolute,
smooth. Culm tomentose at top. p. 7, 8.
Meadows. Alps.

7. villosa. Pan. cylindrical. Spicules
crowded, on short erect, hairy, branched stalks,
2-flowered, villous on back, acuminate; the
second Flt. abortive in the lower spicules. LL.
flat, soft, villous. a. 6. Sandy shores. Mat.

8. Ieinkii. “ Pan. spike-like, somewhat
jaterrupted. Glumes about 3- flowered, rather

exceeding florets. Keel of Glumes and of ob-
tuse outer Pale fringed with long hairs, Awns
exceeding glume. LL. flat, pubescent. Culm
pubescent above. p. s. Fr.’—Kunri: not
in Duby.

9. hispida. Pan. ovato-cylindrical. Spicules
3-4-flowered. Glumes and outer Pale bristly

at top. Awn rigid, as long as floret. LL. flat,
hairy. Culm hairless. a.5. Coasts. use.
Sicily.

10. phleoides. Pan. cylindrical. Spicules
crowded on erect, branched, hairless stalks, 3—
5-flowered. Outer Pale rough and somewhat
hairy. Awn soft, hardly one-fourth as long as
floret. L. flat, hairy. Culm hairless. a.
5, 6. Sandy coasts. Mat.

ll. brachystachya. Pan. ovoid. Spicules

5—-8-flowered. Outer Pale smooth. L. flat,
pubescent. Culm hairless. a. Shores. Lan-
guedoe.

12. czerulescens. Pan. spike-like. Spi-
cules crowded, 4—5-flowered. Outer Pale with
a very short awn. Culm knotty at base,
coated with withered fibres. p. 5,6. Cale.
mountains. Sic.

C. Outer Glume very much smaller.

13. macilenta. Pan. slender, lax. Spicules
3—4-flowered, smooth, shining, somewhat awn-
ed. Inner Pale not half as long as outer.
a. 5. Sandy shores. Mat.

890. SCHISMUS.

1. calycinus. Pan. contracted. Glumes
exceeding linear spicules. IL. bearded at base.
a. 6,7. Prov. Rous.

891. MELICA.

A. Outer Pale of lower Floret with long
hairs.

1. ciliata. Pan. equal, spike-like: branches
erect. Outer Pale of lower Ft. ciliate on its
whole length. Back rough, not hairy. (Upper
Pale shortly ciliate on keel. L. flat. Culm
tall, solitary; Part.) p. 5. Walls and
rocks. s. Hur.

2. Bauhini. Pan. simple: lower branches
spreading. Spicules secund. Outer Pale of
lower Flt. ciliate to above middle, not at top.
Back scabrous. p.5,6. Rocky.. mdt. Fr.
Nice. Sic. Panicle much less dense than in
Sp. 1. ;

3. Cupani. Pan. thin, secund: branches

408 891. MELICA.

erect; the upper simple. Spicules of 1 fertile
floret. Outer Pale densely hairy all over. L.
narrow, involuto-setaceous when dry. p. 5,
6. High rocks. Nebrodes.

4. nebrodensis. “ Pan. straight, lax, se-
cund, nearly simple. Outer Pale of lower Fit.
ciliate, for its whole length. Back hairless,
tuberculato-scabrous. Inner Pale with rather
long cilia on keels. Culms short, tufted. L.
involute, hairless. Sheaths hairless. p. 5,
6. High cale. Nebr.’—Part,

B. Outer Pale not bearded.

5. mutans. Pan. compressed, one-sided,
nearly simple. Spicules nodding, beardless,
with two complete florets. Glumes obtuse.
p.6. Shady hills. Not ims. It.

6. minuta. Rac. nearly simple. Spicules
nodding, beardless, with 2 complete florets.
Glumes acute, falling short of florets. Culm
branched. IL. very narrow, convolute. Ligule
long. p. 4,5. Walls and cale. rocks. s. Fr.
Liguria. Rome. Sic.

7. ramosa. Pan. compound at base, py-
ramidal. Spicules with 2 complete florets.
Glumes acute, rough, subciliolate; the inner
exceeding florets. L. very narrow, convolute
when dry. p.5,6. Walls. Rome.

8. pyramidalis. Pan. many-flowered,
scattered, pyramidal. Branches horizontal.
Spicules with 2 complete florets. Glumes
acute, falling rather short of florets. Culm
nearly simple. Ligule short, truncate, lacer-
ate. p. 5. Dry stony hills. Massa. Tuse.
Rome. Sic.

9. uniflora. Pan. branched, 1-sided. Only
1 complete floret. p. 5,6. Shade.

892. MOLINIA.

1. ezerulea. Pan. rather contracted. Spi-
cules erect, awnless, about 3-flowered. Pale
3-nerved, acute, hairless. Culm nearly naked.
p. 8. Peaty.

2. serotina. Pan. spreading. Flts. 2-5,
somewhat awned. Pale 5-nerved. Culm co-
vered with the sheaths. p. 8,9. Lcmestone
fills. dt. Fr. s. Sw. It. Sic.

$93. CATABROSA.

1. aquatica. Pan. equal, diffuse. Spicules
linear, generally 2-flowered. p. 5, 6. Water.

8. Some of the Spicules 1-flowered. Sands

within reach of tide. Tancashire. Cum-

ray.
$94. SESLERIA.

1. ceerulea. Bracts undivided. Spike
ovali-oblong, shghtly one-sided. Spicules 2—
3-flowered. Outer Pale with 2-4 setas, and
an intermediate awn, not half as long as pale.
L. linear, flat. Ligule short, truncate. p.
4,5. Cale. pastures.

2. tenuifolia. Bracts undivided. Spike
oblong. Spicules about 3-flowered. Outer
Pale with 2—4 setas and an intermediate awn,
not half so long as pale. LL. narrow linear,
channeled: the Sheaths at last dividing into a
net-work of fibres. p.5. Shores. ‘Trieste.
Fiume. It.

3. elongata. Bracts undivided. Spike
long, cylindrical. Spicules about 3-flowered.
Outer Pale with 2-4 setas, and an intermedi-
ate awn, not half as long as pale. LL. linear,
channeled. Sheaths not dividing, cloven at
top. p.8,9. Dry meadows. s.e. G. It.

4, nitida. “ Bracts undivided. Spike ob-
long. Spicules about 4-flowered. Glumes
acuminato-aristate, exceeding florets. Lateral
Teeth of outer Pale mucronato-aristate ; mid-
dle awned. L. flat, rigid, acute, with a rough
margin. p.5-7. Stony. K. Nap. Sic.’—
Part.

5. tenella. Spike ovoid. Bracts palmato-
dentate. Spicules 2-flowered. Awns of outer
Pale 5; central one as long as pale. Squa-
mules 0. p. 6-8. Alps of Salzburg. Val-
tellina.

6. sphezerocephala. Spike subglobose.
Bracts ovate, dentate. Spicules about 3-flowered.
Outer Pale with 1 nerve and a single awn. p.
7,8. Rocks. Alps of Salzb. Lake of Como.
Tyrol. Mont Cenis.

895. OREOCHLOA.

1. disticha. Spike ovoid. Spicules 3-6-
flowered. Lower Pale awnless, but with a

small pot. L. filiform. p. 7, 8. Very
high. Pyr. Alps.
896. POA.
A. Panicle one-sided. Culm 2-edged. Sp.
1, 2.

B. Pan. nearly equal. Culm terete.

i. Root creeping.

GRAMINA.

a. Florets connected by a web (x P.

nemoralis sometimes wanting). Sp.
3-8.
b. Florets unconnected. Sp. 9, 10.

ii. Root not creeping.
a. Branches of Panicle semiverticillate.
Sp. 11-16.
b. Branches solitary or in pairs.
* Florets connected by a web. Sp.
17-19.
** Florets unconnected. Sp. 20-24.

©. Panicle trichotomous! Glumes nerve-
less, scariose! united! Sp. 25.

A. Panicle one-sided. Culm 2-edged.

]. polynoda. ‘ Pan. erect, ovato-lanceo-
late. Fits. 4-5, without a web. Outer Pale
5-nerved. Uppermost Joining above middle of
stem. Ligule prominent, obtuse. yp. 6, 7.
Dry stony.’—Bas.

2. compressa. Pan. spreading when in

flower. Florets 5—7, slightly webbed. Outer
Pale 3-nerved. Uppermost Joining at about
middle of stem. ligule short, obtuse. p. 7.
Dry.

Outer Pale 5-nerved.
Habit of trevalis.

B. subcompressa.
y. langeana, Rows.

B. Panicle equal. Culm terete.

i, Root creeping.
a. florets connected by a web.

3. pratensis. Pan. diffuse: branches semi-
verticillate, rough. Spicules ovate, 8-5-flow-
ered. Outer Pale with 5 prominent nerves.
Culm and Sheaths smooth. Ligule truncate.
p.5,6. Grass. Not im Sic.

4. Wymanni. “Pan. spreading when in
flower : branches rough. Spicules oval, 2-
3-flowered. Glumes and Pales exquisitely
nerved. Keel aculeato-scabrous. L. narrow,
smooth on margin : those of the barren shoots
distich. Sheaths compressed, with asperi-
ties pointing upwards. Upper Ligule short,
truncate. Root somewhat creeping. p. 6, 7.
Sandy lulls. Nicolosi. Between pratensis
and trivialis.”—Guss.

5. mexaoralis. Pan. spreading: branches
verticillate, rough. Spicules elliptico-lanceo-
late. Fits. 2-5. Marginal Nerves hairy at
base. Nerves of outer Pale not very distinct.
Upper Knot about or above middle of stem.
Culm and Sheaths smooth. Ligule very short.
Root somewhat creeping. p. 6,7. Woods.
Koch considers the form having a lax nodding

ORG

4.09

panicle and 2-flowered spicules as the type ;
tL ‘

and mentions the following varieties :—

B. firmula. Culm nearly erect, Panicle

spreading. 'lorets free.
y. coarctata. Culm rigid, erect. Pan.
contracted. Flts. webbed.

5. pratensis, LEERS. Culmand Sheaths rough.

e. glauca. Glaucous. Differs from P. cesia
in having the culm leafy above the middle.

¢. montana. Spicules few and large, not
above 2 or 8 on a branch of the panicle.

To these we may add

n. Parnellii, Bas. Upper Sheaths usually
longer than L.

6. Balfourii. Panicle rather spreading :
branches verticillate. Spicules ovate. F'lts.
3 or 4, webbed. Outer Pale with 5 nerves ;
the marginal nerves hairy. Upper Knot at not
more than one-third of height of culm. Li-
gule prominent, obtuse. p. 7. Zops of moun-
tas. Se. and n. H.—Bas.

7. miliacea. “Pan. effuse. Pales quite
smooth, truncato-denticulate. L. narrow, short,
smooth. Lignle rather long, obtuse. p. Hid/s.
Briancon, Sw. Differs from P. nemoralis zz
the truncato-denticulate summit of the outer
pale.’—KuNTH.

§. cenisia. Pan. oblong: branches semi-
verticillate, nearly smooth, filiform, bearing
flowers almost from the base. Spicules ovato-
lanceolate, 3-5-flowered. Pale ciliate, silky.
Lower Ligule truncate; upper oblong. p.
7,8. Very high. Pyr. Alps.

b. Morets unconnected by a web.

9. montana. “ Pan. erect, close, slender.
Spicules few, lanceolato-ovate, 2—3-flowered.
Outer Pale with 5 nerves, of which the dorsal
and marginal are hairy. Upper Sheath not
longer than its L. Ligule prominent, obtuse.
Uppermost Knot about the middle of the stem.
p. 6. Ben Lawers.”—Bas.

10. setmensis. ‘Pan. equal, narrow,
somewhat secund. Spicules lanceolate, 2—3-
flowered. Glumes and Pales lanceolate, acute,
5-nerved. L. compressed, short. Culm and
sheaths nearly smooth. Ligule short, acute.
p. 6,7. Sandy woods. Mtna.’—Guss.

ii. Root not creeping, the new shoots im the
perennial species coming up close to the old.

a. Branches of Panicle semiverticillate.
11. sudetica. Pan. oblong, diffuse. Spi-

410 896.

cules ovato-oblong. Fits. 3-5, sometimes con-

nected by a web, otherwise hairless. Outer
Pale with 5 prominent nerves. Sheaths com-
pressed. IL. boat-like at the end. Shoots

much compressed. p. 6-8. High shade. Fv.
G. Switzerland.

12. hybrida. ‘Pan. diffuse: branches
rough. Spicules ovato-oblong, 3—5-flowered.
Outer Pale somewhat woolly at base, with 5,
prominent, hairless nerves. LL. gradually and
finely acute, on a linear base. Sheath 2-edged.
ligule short. Sterile bundles of L. distich,
much compressed. p. 6, 7. Most woods.
Jura. Salzburg. Tyr. Sty.’-—Kocu.

13. trivialis. Pan. diffuse: branches
rough. Spicules ovate. Fits. about 3, connect-
ed by a web. Outer Pale with 5 prominent
nerves. Marginal Nerves nearly hairless. Culm
and Sheaths rough. L. finely acute. Upper
Ligule oblong, acute. Root fibrous. p. 6-8.
Grass and waysides.

14. fertilis. Pan. diffuse: branches rough.
Spicules ovato-lanceolate, 2—5-flowered, ob-
scurely nerved. Outer Pale marked at the base,
back, and margin with silky lines. Ligules ob-
long, acute. Root fibrous. p. 6,7. Moist.
m. Europe.

15. concinna. Panicle ovoid. Spicules
ovate, acute, about 10-flowered. Pale silky on
back. Nerves obsolete. Fits. not connected
by a web. Culm bulbous at base. Upper Li-
gule oblong. Root fibrous. p. 4,5. Sion
and Branson in the Vallais.—Gauvup.

16. Bivonee. ‘Pan. diffuse: branches
smooth. Spicules smooth, obtuse, 5—7-flow-
ered. Glumes acute. Outer Pale obtuse, 3-
nerved: keel subdenticulate. Culms somewhat
tufted. Ligule oblong. Root fibrous. p.
Morst sandy. Atma.” —Part.

b. Branches of Panicle single or in pairs.
* Florets connected by a web.

17. bulbosa. Panicle oval, spreading:
branches rough. Spicules ovate, 4—7-flowered.
Nerves of outer Pale very short. Culm bul-
bous at base. 4. finely serrulato-asper. Upper
Ligule oblong. Root fibrous. p.5. Sandy.
The spicules frequently become viviparous.

18. minor. Pan. contracted, subracemose,
nodding: branches capiliary, nearly smooth.
Spicules ovato-oblong, 4—6-flowered. Outer
Pale silky, ciliate. Nerves obsolete. Margin
of L. serrulato-asper. Lower Ligule short ;

POA.

upper oblong, acute. Culm not bulbous at
base. Root fibrous. p. 7, 8. Very high.
Sw. very rare. Salzb. Carin.

19. laxa. Pan. contracted, subracemose,
nodding: branches capillary, smooth. Spi-
cules ovate, about 3-flowered. Outer Pale 3-
nerved, silky at base, and the dorsal and mar-
ginal nerves hairy. Margin of L. smooth.
Ligule oblong, subacute. Root fibrous. Web
sometimes wanting. p. 7, 8. High. Alps.
Pyr. Harz. Se.

** Florets not connected by a web.

20. annua. Pan. spreading, smooth, at
length deflexed. Spicules ovato-oblong, 3—7-
flowered. Outer Pale 5-nerved, obtuse, hairy
at base. Culm slightly compressed. Ligules
obtuse; the lower very short. a. All the year.
Uneult.

21. czesia. Branches erect, slender. Spi-
cules ovate. Flts. 2-5. Marginal nerves of
outer Pale hairy. Uppermost Knot almost at
base of stem. Upper Sheath not longer than
its L. Ligules short, obtuse. p. 7. Moun-
tains. Wales. Sc.—Bas. Alps.

22. alpina. Pan. oblong: branches ca-
pillary. Spicules broadly ovate, 4—10-flow-
ered. Outer Pale 3-nerved, silky at base.
Lower Ligules short ; upper oblong. p. 6, 7.
Ligh pastures.

23. pumila. Pan. erect: branches and
branchlets rough, spreading nearly at right
angles. Spicules ovate, 4—6-flowered. F'lts.
densely pubescent. All Ligules oblong, acute.
Root fibrous, tufted. p. 5, 6. Mountain pas-
tures. Carn.

24. rariflora. Pan. few-flowered, diffuse :
branches rough. _Spicules elliptico-oblong.
Fits. 3-5, villous at base. Outer Pale 5-nerved.
Culms cespitose, branched, creeping at base,
smooth. Sheaths much shorter than joints.
L. rough on the margin. Ligules_ short,
rounded. p. Fr.—Kunru.

C. Panicle trichotomous. Glumes nerveless,
scariose, united !

25. divaricata. Pan. capillary: ultimate
branches clubbed. L. filiform. a. 4, 5. Clayey
shores, Sic. Sandy, mdt. Fr. Ought, per-
haps, to form a distinct genus.

879. ERAGROSTIS.

l. megastachya. Panicle spreading:
branches solitary or in pairs; lower hairy at

GRAMINA. 41]

base. Spicules lineari-oblong. Fits. 15-35,
obtuse, with a short point. Sheaths smooth.
Root fibrous. Seeds reticulate. a. 6. Woods
and sandy, cult. and uncult. s. Kur.

2. pozeformis. Pan. spreading : branches
solitary or in pairs; lower branches hairy at
base. Spicules ovato-oblong. Flts. 9-19.
Sheaths hairy. Root fibrous. a. 6-8. Sandy
uncult. s. Kur.

3. pilosa. Pan. contracted when in flower.
Branches semiverticillate ; lower hairy at base.
Spicules linear. Fits. 5-13, acute. Lateral
nerves of outer Pale rather indistinct. Sheaths
smooth. Root fibrous. a. 7-9. Sandy cult.
s. Eur. There seem to be two var. In one,
the branches are semiverticillate, and not
immediately subdivided ; im the other, the
branches are never more than two together,
but, being immediately subdinded, have a
semiverticillate appearance.

4. leersioides. ‘Panicle contracted :
branches smooth. Spicules 2—4-flowered. L.
flat, exceeding panicle. Sheaths hairless. Culm
erect. Root fibrous. a. 6. Sandy shores.
Palermo.”—Guss., from PRESL.

5. triticea. “Pan. simple, spike-like. Ra-
chis with one nerve, flattened below. Spicules
sessile, oval, 6-flowered. Pale 3-nerved. Li-
gule exsert. L. flat. Culms diffuse. a. 5.
Fields. Palermo.” —Guss., from PRESL.

898. GLYCERIA.

1. aquatica. Pan. equal, diffuse, much
branched. Spicules linear, 5—9-flowered. Root
creeping. p. 7,8. Water.

2. fluitans. Panicle 1-sided, very long,
slightly branched. Spicules linear, 7—-11-flow-
ered. Root creeping. p. 6-9. Water.

B. plicata. ‘Branches of Pan. semiverti-
cillate. Young L. many times folded.”’—
Kocu. (Width of outer Pale half the
length, BaB.)

899. SCLEROCHLOA.
A. Outer Pale subtruncate, nearly cylin-
drical.
i. Nerves indistinct thickenings towards the
top of the pale.

1. maritima. Pan. contracted when in
fruit. Spicules linear, about 5-flowered. Outer

Glume 1-nerved; inner obscurely 3-nerved. -

Plant with long barren runners.
marshes.

p. 7. Salt

3G

2. distans. Lower branches of Pan. long,
deflexed or horizontal. Spicules linear, about
5-flowered. Outer Glume I-nerved; inner
obscurely 3-nerved. Lateral nerves of outer
Pale ciliate at base. Plant without runners.
p. 7. Saltish pastures.

3. Borreri. Panicle rather spreading :
branches suberect when in fruit. Outer Glume
with 1, inner with 3 nerves. Fits. 3-6. Outer
Pale often rather acute, not ciliate at base. No
runners. L. flat. p. 6. Salt marshes. Wamp-
shire.

4. convoluta. Pan. somewhat contracted :
branches erect. Outer Glume with 1, inner
with 8 nerves. Flts. 6-8. Outer Pale with
a silky fringe at base of lateral nerve. LL.
smooth, involuto-setacecus. Norunners. p.
Salt. Mars.

ii. Nerves 5, formed of very distinct thicken-
Ungs.

5. procumbens. Pan. ovato-lanceolate.
Glumes rigid; outer with 1, inner with 3
nerves. F'lts. about 4. Outer Pale firm and
rigid. L. flat. No runners. a. 7,8. Dry
banks im salt marshes.

6. dura. Pan. secund, very compact. Spi-
cules 3—5-flowered. Glumes very unequal,
both 3—5-ribbed, rigid. Outer Pale very firm
and rigid. a.6. Dry. Fr. G. It.

B. Outer Pale acute or mucronulate.
i. No distinct nerve.

7. rigida. Pan. rigid, compressed. Spi-
cules in 2 rows, adpressed, linear, 5—11-flow-
ered. Pale rather obtuse, with a minute point.
Root fibrous. a.6. Walls and dry banks.

B- hemipoa, Guss. Outer Pale acute, point-
less. IL. at last convolute.

ii. Outer Pale with 3 well-defined nerves.
Intermediate spaces even.

8. loliacea. Spike simple or somewhat
branched at base, linear. Spicules in 2 rows,
erect, 8—12-flowered. Outer Pale somewhat
boat-shaped, subobtuse. Root fibrous. a.
6,7. Gravelly shores.

9. Triticum. Spikes in a wide-spreading
raceme. Branches divaricate, solitary or in
pairs. Spicules lanceolate. Glumes 3-nerved.
Axis quite smooth. Culm geniculate, branched
at base. a. 5,6. Sandy shores. ~ Mdt.

10. divaricata. Spikes in a wide-spreading
raceme. Branches divaricate, rather crowded.
9

4)

412 899. SCLEROCHLOA.

Spicules linear or somewhat cuneate, compress-
ed. Glumes I-nerved. Axis asper. Culm
geniculate, branched. a. 5. Sandy shores.

Lig. Terracina. Sic.
900. BRIZA.

1. maxima. Spicules oblongo-cordate, 9-

17-flowered, drooping. a.5. Dry hills. s.
Kurope.
2. media. Pan. erect. Spicules at last

cordate, 5-9-flowered. Cal. smaller than floret.
Ligule blunt, short. p.6. Dry grass. Not
in Ste.

3. virens. “Spicules ovate, 7-flowered.

Cal. as long as floret. a. s. Eur.’—Kuntu.
Not in the national floras.

4. minor. Pan. erect, much branched,
diffuse. Spicules triangular, 7-flowered, shorter
than calyx. Ligule lanceolate, very long. a.
6. Cult. H. rare. Fr. Vevay. It.

901. CYNOSURUS.

1. eristatus. Pan. linear, spike-like. Spi-
cules mucronate. Neutral Fits. lanceolate, un-
armed. p. 6,7. Dry grass.

2. echinatus. Pan. ovoid, compressed,
dense. Spicules with long awns. Neutral
Fits. lanceolate, each with along seta. a. 7, 8.
Worm uncult. Fr. s. Sw. It.

Spicules 3-flowered.

3. elegans. Pan. ovoid, somewhat diffuse.
Outer Glume awned. Neutral Fits, setiform,
onan ovate base. a. 4-6. Shady hills. Cors.
s. It. Sic.

B. giganteus, TEN.

4. aureus. Glumes remote from lower

floret. Pale of neutral Fits. ovato-subrotund !
a. 3,4. Rocks and walls, Coasts of Mat.
rare,

902. DACTYLIS.

1. glomerata. Branches distant, naked
at base. Spicules crowded, 3—6-flowered. L.
keeled. p. 6-8. Meadows, Sc.

B. hispanica, Rotu. Pan. almost crowded

into a single head. Spicules 3-flowered.

y. glaucescens, Witt. Glaucous. Florets

sometimes as many as eight.

903. FESTUCA.

4x. Glumes very unequal. Outer Pale finely
tapering into a seta.

i. Outer Glume very minute; inner seti-

gerous. Sp. 1-4.
ii. Outer Glume about half as long as
inner.

a. Inner setigerous. Sp. 5.
b. Inner not setigerous.
* Hqualling or exceeding Pale. Sp.6
—9.
** Shorter than Pale. Sp. 10-12.

B. Glumes not very unequal. Outer Pale
acute, or with a seta shorter than itself.

i. Ligule with rounded auricles. Sp. 13
-18.
ii. Ligule without rounded auricles.
a. L. setaceous. Sp. 19-21.
b. L. flat.
* Awn short or wanting.
7 Ligule oblong.
+ Seeds hairy at top. Sp. 22
—27.
eh See: without hairs. Sp. 28

+7 Ligule very short. Sp. 31-83.
** Awn twice as long as Pale. Sp. 34.

A. Glues very unequal. Floret tapering into
a seta longer than itself. Monandrous ?

i. Outer Glume very small.

1. uniglumis. Pan. erect, spike-like,
nearly simple. Stalks cuneate. Outer Glume
scariose ; inner as long as floret, setigerous.
Pale asper towards the tip, hairless. Culm
when in flower almost inclosed im the sheath.
a. 5,6. Sandy. m. ands. Kur. oce.

2. Alopecurus. Pan. erect, somewhat
spike-like. Stalks enlarged upwards. Outer
Glume membranous; inner as long as floret,
setigerous, membranous. Pale smooth, copi-
ously ciliate. a.5,6. Sandy shores. Tuse.
Rome. Nap. Sic.

3. ciliata. Pan. long, branched at base,
spike-like. Stalks of Spicules thickened up-
wards. Glumes scariose, not setigerous ; in-
ner much shorter than floret. Pale ciliate,
asper, or hairy. a. 5, 6. Warm sandy. Bord.
mdt. Fr. Istria. It.

4. ligustica. Pan. much branched, spread-
ing when in flower. Stalks enlarged upwards,
appearing as if surrounded by an inflated mem-
brane. Outer Glume scariose ; inner setige-
rous, equalling floret. Pale hairless. a. 5.
Walls ; uneult. s. Fr. It.

GRAMINA. 413

ui. Outer Glumes about half as long as inner.
a. Inner setigerous, about as long as floret.

5. geniculata. Pan. straight: branches,
when in flower, erecto-patent, short. Stalks
ensiform. Outer Pale as long as its awn,
much longer than the inner. Culm genicu-
late at base. Root fibrous. a. 4,5. Sandy
shores. Pisa. Sic.—BERrT.

b. Inner Glume not setigerous.
* Hyualling or exceeding Pale.

6. setacea. “ Pan. lax, secund, straight.
Inner Glume exceeding florets. Awn of outer
Pale about twice as long as pale. L. setaceous.
p. 5. Cale. hills. Pal.’—Part.

7. panormitama. ‘Pan. long, secnnd,
spike-like. Spicules sessile, or on very short
stalks. Inner Glume equalling florets. Outer
Pale 5-nerved. Awn about three times as long
as pale. L. setaceo-convolute. a.4,5. Melds.
Pal.”--Guss.

8. attenuata. “ Pan. erect, nearly equal.
Upper Glume about equalling pale. Outer
Pale obsoletely 5-nerved, as long as its awn.
L. narrow linear, at last involute. a. 4, 5.
Tields cn coast. Pal.’—Guss.

9. sicula. “Rac. lax, straight, secund.
Upper Glumes about equalling pale. Pales
equal; outer 5-nerved, longer than its awn.
a.5. Hill pastures. Sic.” —BERT.

** Glumes falling short of Pale.

10. MEyurus. Pan. compact; the lower
branches short. Glumes membranous. Flts.
nearly sessile, asper, hairless. Awn two or
three times as long as pale. Culm sheathed up
to base of panicle. a. b. 5,6. Walls, gravel.

11. bromoicdes. Pan. branched, lax: the
jower branches lengthened. Glume membra-
nous, hardly setigerous. Pale asper at the tip,
hairless. Awn two or three times as long as
pale. Upper part of Culm smooth and naked.
a.b. 5,6. Dry.

12. incrassata. Rac. compound, subse-
cund, straight, jomted. Stalks ensiform, very
short. Spicules 6—8-flowered. Glumes acu-
minate. Outer Pale about as long as its awn,
and as inner pale, 5-nerved. Nerves serrulato-
asper. Culm and L. smooth. a. 4,5. Sandy
shores. 8. Sic. Sard.— BER.

Outer Pale
a sela shorter

B. Glumes not very unequal.
acute, or terminating im
than itself.

i. Ligules with rounded auricles.
13. EXalleri.

“Pan. contracted, suberect |

when in flower. Spicules 4-5-flowered; upper
solitary, and nearly sessile. Outer Pale 4-
nerved; inner lanceolate, cloven. All L. com-
plicato-setaceous. Root fibrous. p. 7, 8. High.
Alps.” —Koca.

14, ovina. Pan., when in flower, spreading.
Spicules 4—8-flowered. Outer Pale obsoletely
5-nerved; inner oblongo-lanceolate, bidentate.
All L. complicato-setaceous. Root fibrous. p.
6. Dry meadows and pastures. Koch notices
the following varieties :—

a. The common form, with which he unites

the F. tenuifolia of Sibthorp.

B. alpina, GAuD., of more humble growth,
with fewer and larger spicules. This,
when the spicules have a purple stain, is
the Gaudini of Koch.

y. violacea, GauD. Fits. shining, variegated
with green, violet, and yellow.

5. valesiaca, Gaup. ‘Tall, with large spi-
cules, and very long, slender root-L.

e. duriuscula, Linn. ‘Tall, and with large
spicules. L. straight or recurved.

¢. glauca, Scur. L. glaucous.

n- amethystina, Host.
gent.

6. vaginata, Wittp. LL. soft and slender.
Spicules 8-flowered, awuless.

L. rigid and pun-

Several of these varieties become viviparous
on high mountains, and thus form the F.
vivipara. Some of them may, perhaps, be
species, but no determinate characters have as
yet been pointed out.

15. aurata. ‘Pan. branched, somewhat
spreading. Spicules in 2 rows, at last dilated,
as broad as they are long, 4—5-flowered. Outer
Pale with 4 lateral nerves, hardly perceptible,
anda short, dorsal seta. L. soft, capillary ;
those on the stem folded. p. 7, 8. Mountain
pastures. Upper Vallais.”—Gaup.

16. longifolia. ‘ Pan. contracted, erect.
L. very long, filiform, smooth. Pales ciliato-
lacerate. p. Liguria.”—Kuntu, from: V1-
VIANI.

17. rubra. Pan. spreading: lower bran-
ches long, nearly horizontal. Spicules oblong,
about 5-flowered, awned. Fits. lanceolate,
acute. Stem-L. sometimes slightly convolute,
downy on upper side. Root extensively creep-
ing. p. 7. Sandy shores.

18. heterophylla. Pan. spreading. Spi-
cules oblong, about 5-flowered, awned. Fits.
lanceolato-subulate. Stem-L. quite flat. Root-

414 903. FESTUCA.

L. long, filiform. Root fibrous, cespitose. Culm
with 2 or 3 knots. p.7, 8. Shade.

ii. Ligule not forming rounded auricles.
a. L. setaceous.

19. varia. Pan. spreading, oblong: branches
solitary or in pairs. Spicules lineari-lanceolate,
5—8-flowered. Outer Pale lanceolate, gradually
tapering to a point. Seeds hairy at top. L.
rigid. Ligule oblong, obtuse. Root fibrous.
p. 7,8. High stony pastures. Alps.

20. pumila. Pan. spreading, ovate: branches
solitary or m pairs. Spicules lineari-oblong,
3-4-flowered. Outer Pale oblongo-lanceolate,
abruptly acuminate. Seeds hairy at top. L.
flaccid. Ligule oblong, obtuse. Root fibrous.
p. 7,8. Stony mountain pastures. Alps.

21. pilosa. Pan. spreading: branches semi-
verticillate. Spicules about 3-flowered. Tuft of
Hairs at base of each floret. Seeds hairless.
Root-L. nearly terete; those on the stem
folded, sometimes flat. p. 7, 8.
Alps. Umbria. Aitna.

b. L. flat.
* Awn short or wanting.
+ Lugule oblong.
+ Seeds hairy at top.

22. spadicea. Pan. branched, spreading :
lower branches solitary or in pairs, hairless.
Spicules oblong, 4—5-flowered, awnless. Axis
roughish. Lower Pale finely dotted, with 3
prominent and 2 subordinate nerves. Sheaths
leafy. L. narrow linear, quite hairless. Root
fibrous, tufted. p. 7, 8. Very high pastures.
Alps. Auv.

23. spectabilis. ‘Pan. broad, nodding :
lower branches in twos or threes, rough. Spi-
cules about 5-flowered, awnless. Axis covered
with a short down. Lower Pale finely dotted,
conspicuously 5-nerved. Sheaths all leafy.
L. narrow linear, rough above. p. 6, 7. Stony.
s. Alps.’—Kocu.

24. sylvatica. Pan. much branched, dif-
fuse. Spicules oblong, 3—5-flowered. Fits.
awnless. Axis roughish. Lower Sheaths leaf-
less, ending in a short point. L. lineari-lan-
ceolate. Creepers of Root short, and naked.
p. 6,7. Woods. oce.

25. drymeia. Pan. much branched, dif-
fuse, nodding at top: branches rough, the
lower in twos and threes. Spicules about 5-
flowered. Axis roughish. Lower Pale acumi-
nate, mucronate, finely dotted, with 8 promi-

Very high.

nent and 5 subordinate nerves. L. lineari-
lanceolate, rough on margin. Root with long
scaly runners. p. 6, 7. Moist mountain
woods. s.e. G.

26. exaltata. ‘‘ Pan. diffuse, much bran-
ched, secund, nodding at top. Spicules 5—8-
flowered, compressed. Outer Pale 5-nerved,
acute (ot acuminate), scariose at top, minutely
dotted, hairless, L. broadly linear, flat. Li-
gule oblong, lacerate. Root creeping. p.
Mountains. Sic. K. Nap.”—Paru.

27. borealis. ‘Pan. much branched,
diffuse, nodding at top: branches about 5,
rough. Spicules oblong. Flts. 4-5, bearded
at base. Outer Pale 5-nerved, denticulate at
top, or with 3 points. Ligule oblong. p. 6, 7.
Rwer-banks. Spree and lakes communicating
with it.”’—Kocn.

tt Seeds not hairy at top.

28. compressa. “ Pan. oblong, spreading.
Spicules somewhat terete, acute, 3—4-flowered.
Culm terete above. L. rather broad, bluntish,
folded, rough on margin, smooth on back.
Between spadicea and Scheuchzeri. p. Au-
vergne.—KUNTH.

29. ferruginea. “Pan. narrow, erect.
Stalks short, not rough. Spicules few, one-
coloured. Fl. about 6. Glumes acuminate.
L. flat. Ligule oblong. Root fibrous, cespi-
tose. p. 7,8. Mt. of Kuna near Rosegg in
Carinthia.” —Rcus.

30. Scheuchzeri. Panicle spreading,
branched, somewhat nodding: branches hair-
less; the lower in pairs. Spicules 4—5-flow-
ered, awnless. Outer Pale rough, 5-nerved,
submucronulate below summit. LL. linear.
Ligule oblong, obtuse. Root creeping. p. 7,
8. High pastures. Alps.

tt Lagule truncate, very short.

31. elatior. Pan. diffuse, nodding: lower
branches in pairs, with 5-15 ovato-lanceolate
spicules. F'lts. 4-7, obscurely ribbed. Root
creeping. p. 6, 7. Meadows and river-banks.

32. pratensis. Panicle spreading, erect :
branches racemose, generally in pairs, each
with 3—4 linear spicules. Flts. 5-10, obscurely
ribbed. Root fibrous. p. 6,7. Meadows.

33. loliacea. Rac. rather nodding. Spi-
cules alternate, distant, lineari-oblong : lower
stalked, sometimes in pairs; upper sessile. p.
5, 6. Meadows. KH. Fr. G. Sw.

GRAMINA. 415

** dwn twice as long as Pale.

34. gigantea. Pan. lax, nodding, widely
spreading. Spicules lanceolate. Its. 5-8,
awned from below the tip. Awn flexuose. L.
lineari-lanceolate, hairless. p. 7. Shade. Not
im 8. It.

904. BROMUS.

A. Inner Pale downy, not ciliate. Sp. 1-3.

B. Inner Pale pectinato-ciliate. Outer Glumes
l-nerved. _Spicules broader upwards.
i. Panicle nodding. Sp. 4-8.
ii. Panicle erect. Sp. 9-13.

G. Inner Pale pectinato-ciliate. Outer Glume
with 3 or more nerves. Spicules narrower
upwards.

i. Point beyond awn of outer Pale longer
than broad. Sp. 14-16.

ii. Point broader than long.

a. Edges of Pale of Fruit rolled in, not
covering the floret above it. Sp. 17.

b. Outer Pale with two terminal setas
besides the awn! Sp. 18.

c. Without either of the preceding cha-
racters.

* Awns straight. Sp. 19-22.

** Awns twisted or recurved when

dry. Sp. 23-27.

A.. Inner Pale downy (not ciliate) on keels.

1. inermis. Pan. erect. Branches semi-
verticillate. Spicules nearly terete, hairless.
Pale obtuse. Awn very short or wanting.
Root creeping. p. 7,8. Sides of streams,
Fr. Borders,G. Meadows, Sw. very rare.
| Thickets, Vag.

2. erectus. Pan. erect: branches semi-
verticillate. Spicules lineari-lanceolate. Fits.
5-10. Awn half as long as acute, cloven, 5-
nerved pale. I. flat. Root-L. narrow, ciliate.
Ligule short. p. 6,7. Rough pastures.

3. asper. Pan. branched, drooping. Spi-
cules lineari-lanceolate, 7—9-flowered. Pale
somewhat 5-nerved, downy, longer than straight
awn. L. villous, flat. Ligule very short. p.
6,7. Shade.

B. Outer Glume 1-nerved. Spicule broader
upwards. Inner Pale pectinato-ciliate.
i. Panicle nodding when in flower.

4. tectorum. Spicules linear. Awn straight,
as long as subulato-lanceolate pale. Inner
part of Culm pubescent. a. 5,6. Dry.

5. laxus. “‘Spicules drooping, compress-
ed, linear, pubescent. Awn shorter than pale.
L. lax, pubescent, ciliate. Resembles B. sterilis,
butis perennial. p. Hills. Sax.’—Kuntu.

6. sterilis. Pan. nodding, nearly simple.
Spicules oblongo-euneiform, hardly droopmg
separately. Outer Pale subulato-lanceolate,
shorter than straight awn. Culm hairless.
L. downy. a.6,7. Walls and barren.

B. jubatus, TEN. Hairless.

7. Gussonii. “ Pan. subcompound, ra-
ther lax, nodding at top. Branches long,
somewhat whorled. Spicules about 6-flowered,
very thick, very rough. Awn straight, twice as
long as the outer lanceolate, deeply cloven
pale. Inner Pale acuminate, about half as
long as outer. a. 5,6. Woods and hedges.
Sic. Cors. It.”—Paru.

8. pilosus. “ Pan. dense, nodding. Spi-
ewes oblong, 6-flowered, hirsute. Awn very
long. Seeds flat, curved at back. b. s.
Eur.”— Kounra.

ii. Pamcle erect when in flower.

9. diandrus. Pan. nearly simple. Spi-
cules lineari-cuneiform. Pale subulato-lanceo-
late, with 2, close, marginal ribs and one less
distinct between these and the keel. Awn
straight, as long as pale. Culm hairless.
Stamens 2. a. 5,6. Dry barren. Rare in
England.

B. polystachyos, DC. Pan. more branched.
Spicules crowded, linear, 8—12-flowered.
Borders. Mitp. Rous. Bord. Nantes.

y. scaberrimus, TEN. Pan. more branched.
Plant larger. Outer Pale equally 7-
nerved.

10. rigidus. ‘‘ Pan. and Pedicels erect.
Spicules oblongo - cuneiform. Flts. narrow
lanceolate. Awn straight, longer than pale.
Upper part of Culm downy. a. s. Eur.”—
Kuntu. Var. of diandrus ?

ll. fasciculatus. “ Pan. dense, simple.
Spicules linear, about 12-flowered, nearly ses-
sile. Awns about as long as pale, somewhat
twisting and recurved-when dry. Outer Pale
lineari-lanceolate, with 2 setaceous teeth; in-
ner acuminate. lL. nearly hairless. a. 4, 5.
Dry hills. Sic.’—Panrt.

12. rubens. Pan. top-shaped, crowded. Spi-
cules villous, lineari-lanceolate, 7—12-flowered.
Awn straight, longer than pale. Teeth of
outer Pale frmged. a. 4, 5. Dry coasts.
Mediterranean.

416

13. maximus. Pan. somewhat branched,
erecto-patent, at last nodding. Awns straight,
2-3 times as long as pale. Rachis pubescent.
L. villous. 2. 7. Sandy shores. Mat.
Jersey.

GC. Outer Gluine with 3 or more nerves.
Spicules narrower upwards.

i. Point beyond awn of outer Pale longer
than broad.

14. seoparius. “ Pan. straight, dense,
spike-like. Spicules lanceolate, 12—15-flow-
ered, nearly sessile. Awns twisted at base ;
when dry, rather longer than cloven pale. a.
4,5. Open. Sic.”—Pani.

15. lanceolatus. Rac. straight, nearly
simple, rather lax. Spicules lanceolate, 8-16-
flowered, longer than their stalks. Awn re-
curved when dry, rather longer than pale.
Sheaths pubescent. a. 4,5. elds. Sic.

16. divaricatus. “ Pan. erect, somewhat
contracted. Spicules lineari-lanceolate, 10—15-
flowered, pubescent. Outer Pale cloven, acute.
Awn twisted at base, at last divaricate. a.
Dry sand. Nice. Mtp.’—Kuntu. Var. of
lanceolatus ?

ii. Point of outer Pale beyond awn, broader
than long.
a. Hdges of Pale im fruit rolled in; not
covering the florets above.
17. secalinus. Pan. nearly simple, spread-
ing; in fruit nodding. Spicules oblong.
Fits. about 10, broadly elliptic. Outer Pale

bidentate. Awns flexuose, shorter than pale.
Sheaths hairless. a. 6, 7. Corn. EH. Fy.
G. Switz.

8. velutinus. Spicules softly villous.

b. Outer Pale with two terminal setas
besides the awn.

18. arduennensis. Pan. nearly simple,
nodding. Spicules compressed, smooth. L.
lanceolate, villous on face and margin, smooth
on back. b. 6, 7. Fields. Malmedy.

c. Without the characters of cither of the
two previous divisions.
* Awns straight.

19. brachystachys. Pan. not contracted
after flowering: branches long; those of the
lower whorls 6 or more. Fits. subrhomboid.
Outer Pale 7-nerved, hardly longer than imner.
Seed obovato-oblong, rather exceeding pale.
b. 6. Borders. Magdeburg.

904, BROMUS.

20. mollis. Pan. erect, contracted when
in fruit. Spicules ovato-oblong, pubescent, on
stalks not half as long as spicule. Flts. broad
elliptic. Outer Pale with obtuse angle at back
in the upper part. Awn straight, as long as
pale. L. and lower Sheaths hairy. b. 6.
Meadows and uncult.

21. racemosus. Pan. nearly simple, con-
tracted when in fruit. Spicules oblong, smooth.
Stalks shorter than spicule. Flts. broadly
elliptic. Outer Pale rounded on the back.
Awn straight, about equal to pale. LL. and
lower Sheaths hairy. a.b. 6. Meadows and

uncult.

22. commutatus. Pan. lax, spreading, af-
terwards nodding. Many of the Stalks longer
than spicule, awn inclusive. Spicules ob-
long, many-flowered, rough. Outer Pale 9-
nerved, as long as straight awn. IL. and
Sheaths hairy. a. 6. Corn and woodsides.

** Awns twisted or recurved when dry.

23. arvensis. Pan. spreading, afterwards
nodding, semiverticillate. Spicules lineari-lan-
ceolate. Flts. elliptico - lanceolate, smooth.
Awn slightly squarrose, as long as pale. Pales
nearly equal. LL. and Sheaths hairy. a. 7.
Corn and borders. Rare im Ung. Not in s.
Italy.

24. patulus. Pan. spreading, afterwards
nodding. Spicules lanceclate. Flts. elliptico-
lanceolate. Awns at last divaricato-reflexed,
longer than pale. Outer Pale evidently long-
est. LL. and Sheaths hairy. b. 5, 6. Cult.
and hills. Fr. Palat. Aust.

25. squarrosus. Pan. simple, lax, spread-
ing, afterwards nodding. Spicules oblongo-lan-
ceolate. Fits. about 12, acute on the back.
Awns at last horizontal. L. and Sheaths hairy.
a. 6,7. Fields. Eng. very rare. Fr. G. Sw.
Htaly.

26. confertus. Pan. nearly simple, com-
pact, erect. Spicules about 10-flowered, ob-
longo-linear, pubescent, subcompressed, nearly
sessile. Outer Pale with 2 teeth. Awn at
last divaricate. I. and Sheaths pubescent. a.
4,5. Open hills. Palermo. Istr. According
to Parl., this is B. contortus of Desf. ; but
B. contortus has a very long 15-flowered spi-
cule, and the awn is remarkably twisted, but
not diwarieate. Parl. blames Koch for uniting
B. intermedius, Guss., with B. confertus, M.
von B.; but he points out no distinetion
between them. I have from Gouer (Glamor-
ganshire) what appears to be a var. of B.

GRAMINA, Wel

mollis, with squarrose awns. The outer pate
of this ts obovato-subrotund, and when ex-
tended is nearly as broad as long ; while that
of B. confertus zs oval or oblong, the length
more than twice the width. As neither Gus-
sone nor Parl. notices this character, I have
not ventured to call my plant B. intermedius.

Tribe XII. HORDEACEM.
905. BRACHYPODIUM.

A. Perennial. Seed crested.

1. sylvaticum. Spike nodding. Spicules
numerous (6-13). Awns of upper Ets. longer
than pale. I. flat, flaccid. Root fibrous. p.
7, 8. Shade.

2. pinnatum. Spike suberect. Spicules
numerous (6-15). Awns shorter than pale.
L. rigid, somewhat involute when dry. Root
slightly creeping. p. 6,7. Dry halls.

B. genuense, DC. Spicules fewer.

y. Barreliert, R. and 8. Spicules 6—20-
flowered. L. hairy within.

3. distachyon. Spike erect. Spicules few
(1-4), 6-12-flowered. Awn longer than pale.
Culm rigid, straight, hairless. Root fibrous.
a. 5,6. Barren. Coasts of Mat.

4. pheenicoides. Spike erect. Spicules
few (8-5), 10—20-flowered. Inner Pale acute,
finely ciliate. “Awn very short. LL. convolute
when dry, pungent, erect. Culm smooth. p.
5, 6. mdt. Fr. Nice. Pdm. Landes. Now
considered as a var. of B. ramosum ; but the
more numerous spicules, and broader and less
convolute L., bring it as near to pinnatum.

5. ramosum. Spicules few (1-3), 6—12-
flowered. Awns very short. L. convoluto-
setaceous. Culm much branched at base.
Root creeping. p. 5. Open rocky. Lig. Pdm.
Sicily.

B. Mostly annual. Seed hairless.

6. unioloides. Spicules crowded, vary-
ing from broadly ovate to oblong, and with
from 8 to 24 florets. Outer Pale 7-nerved.
a. 4,5. It: Sic. Sard.

7. tenellum. Spicules ovato-oblong, in
opposite rows, smooth, 4—6-flowered, awnless.
Culms simple, slender, growing in tufts, but
from different roots. a.5,6. Dry. s. Hur.

B. tenuiculum. Fits. awned.

| cules.
3H

8. strictum. “Pan. oblong, spike-like.
Spicules 2-flowered, distich. Pales rough on
keel. Culm erect. Root fibrous. a. 8.
Sands of Mtna.”—Guss. from PRrust.

9. unilaterale. Spicules secund, in 2 rows,
awnless, very acute. a. 5, 6. Mtp. Avig.
Poitou. Pdm. Lig.

10. festucoides.
rows. Flts. about 6, awned.
Sard. Gennes on the Loire.

Spicules secund, in 2
a. 5. Lig.

906. LOLIUM.

A. Root perennial, throwing out barren
shoots.
1. perenne. Spicules Janceolate, excced-
ing glumes. Young L. of barren shoots simply

folded. Awn small or wanting. Fits. 6-12.
p.6. Meadows, Se.
B. fenue. Slender. Fits. 3-4.

2. italicum. Spicules exceeding glumes.
L. of barren Shoots convolute. és. usually
awned. p. 6-9. Meadows, Sc. oce.

B. Root annual or biennial, without barren
shoots.

3. rigidum. Glume more than half as
long as spicule. Spicules 5-10-flowered. Fits.
lanceolate, herbaceous, awnless. a. 6, 7. Dry
pastures and uncult. Aosta. Trieste.

4, multiflorum. Glumes not half as long
as spicule. Spicules 12—-14-flowered. Fits.
herbaceous, lanceolate, closely tiled: the upper
awned. a.6,7. Fields. s. Eur.

5. siculum. Spike dense: the Rachis ex-
cavated only at the base of each spicule, and
round and perfectly smooth below the next!
Spicules many-flowered, incurved before flow-
ering, awnless, more than twice as long as
glume. a. 4,5. Grassy. Sic.—Part.

6. strictum. “Culm and Spike straight.
Spicules awnless, tereto-subulate, about 5-flow-
ered, equalling glume. a.5,6. Barren pas-
tures. Palermo.”’—Guss.

7. linicola. Glumes hardly half as long
as spicule. Spicules elliptic when in fruit.
Pales coriaceous at the base; inner widest. a.
6,7. Among flax. G—Kocu.

§. temulentum. Fits. elliptic. Awn firm,
longer than pale; being more than a con-
tinuation of the midrib. Glume equal to spi-
ae Owan COR at

418 906. LOLIUM.

9. arvense. Fits. elliptic, awnless, or ter-
minating in a short and slender bristle, a mere
continuation of the midrib. Glumes nearly
equal to spicules. Stem quite smooth. a. 7.
Corn.

907. TRITICUM.

A. Annual. Of very extensive field culti-
vation, and sometimes escaping, but not
permanently establishing themselves. Sp.
ie

B. Perennial. Wild.

i. Root creeping.

a. Spicules in middle of Spike not reach-
ing to base of second spicule above
them. Sp. 8.

b. Spicules reaching to, or beyond base
of second spicule above them. Sp.
9-15. -

ii. Root not creeping. Sp. 16-20.

A. Annual. Cultivated. Glumes ventricose.
i. Seed free. Rachis tough.

1. vulgare. Erect, smooth. Spicules 4-
flowered. Glumes irregularly ovate, truncate,
compressed below tip. Nerve obtusely pro-
minent. Rachis with a hairy margin.

a. estivum. Glumes awned.

B. hybernum.
5, 6.

2. turgidum. Spicules 4-flowered, turgid,
villous. Glumes ovate, truncate ; with wing-
like keel, and broad point.

Spike branched. a. 5, 6.

3. durum. Spicules generally 4-flowered.
Glumes oblong, three times as long as broad ;
with wing-lke keel, broad point, and long
awn. Culm full. Seeds long, horny, gibbous.
a. 5,6. Cult.ins. Nur.

4. polonicum. Spike irregular. Spicules
usually 3-flowered. Glumes oblongo-lanceolate,
thin and papery, conspicuously many-nerved.
Upper Pale of outer floret half as long as lower.
Culm full. a. 5,6. Culé. in G. and n. It.

i. Seeds covered with permanent pales.
Rachis brittle.

Spike parallelly flattened,
loosely imbricate. Spicules generally 4-flow-
ered. Glumes ovate, truncate, mucronate,
with an obtuse tooth on one side. Cusp of
Glume straight. a.5,6. Cult. ins. Eur.

Spike pressed edgewise,

Glumes nearly awnless. a.

B. compositum.

5. Spelta.

6. Gdicoccum.

closely imbricate. Spicules generally 4-flow-
ered, 2-seeded. Glumes dentato-mucronate,
with an obtuse tooth on one side. Keel com-
pressed, very preminent, and with the teeth
inflexed. a. 5,6. Cult. in G.

7. monecoccum.
closely imbricate. Spicules about 3-flowered.
Seed 1. Glumes bidentate. Lateral Tooth
acute, straight. Keel running out in a straight
point. a. 5,6. Cult. in G. Sw. n. It.

Spike compressed,

B. Perennial. Wild.
i. Root creeping.

a. Spicules in middle of Spike not reaching
to base of second spicule above them.

8.junceum. Spicules 5—8-flowered. Glumes
very obtuse, 9-nerved, half as long as spicule.
Pale obtuse, pointless. Rachis’ hairless, fra-
gile. L. velvety above. p. 6-8. Sandy
shores.

b. Spicules in middle of spike, reaching to or
beyond the base of the second spicule above
them (sometimes even to the base of the
Jifth).

9. cbtusifiorum. “ Spike subcoutinuous.
Glumes very obtuse, 9-nerved. Flts. awuless,
obtuse, with a little point. Rachis rough. L.
plano-subconvolute, glaucous. p. Zeeland.’—
KUNTH.

10. strictum. Stiff and straight. Spicules
5-10-flowered, approximate. Glumes lineari-
lanceolate, acute, smooth, 5-nérved. L. fiat,
convolute when dry, velvety above. p. 6, 7.
Shore at Warnemiinde.

11. acutum. Spicules 5—8-flowered, ap-
proximate. Glumes lineari-lanceolate, 7-nerved,
subacute, one-third as long as spicule. Pale
subacute. Rachis nearly smooth. L. with
rough points on upper surface. p. 6,7. Shores
of Ocean and Baltic.

12. glaucum. Spicules 5-flowered; the
lower rather remote. Glumes oblong, 5-7-
nerved, very obtuse or truncate, half as long
as spicule. Pale very obtuse, sometimes awned.
Rachis asper. L. with a simple row of minute
points on the nerves. p. 6, 7. Waysides.
G. Fr. Sw.

13. pungens. Spicules 5—]0-flowered,
approximate. Glumes lanceolate, 7-nerved,
acute, with a short mucro; half as long as
spicule. Pale obtuse, pointless. L. with a
simple row of minute points on nerves. p.
6, 7. Sandy shores. occ.

GRAMINA. 419

14. repens. Spicules about 5-flowered.
Glumes lanceolate, acuminate, 5-nerved. Pale
obtuse or acuminate; with or without awn.
L. with a simple row of minute points on the
nerves on the upper surface. p.6, 7. Cult.

15. cristatum. Spicules closely imbri-
cate, depressed, straight, 3—7-flowered. Glumes
elliptic, keeled, awned, obscurely ribbed. Culm
simple. p.7. Sea-side. Between Arbroath
and Montrose. Very rare.

ii. Root not creeping.

16. rigidum. Spicules 5—10-flowered ;
the lower remote. Glumes oblong, 9-nerved,
very obtuse or broadly truncate, half as long
as spicule. Pale very obtuse, awnless. Rachis
harsh. I. very rough above. (Root sometimes
slightly creeping, Bert.). p. 6,7. Sandy.
Boh. Aust. Shores at Venice and Trieste.

17. scirpeum. “Spicules cuneato-ovate,
remote, truncate. Outer Pale truncate. Ra-
chis rough, with prickly edges. Culm hollow.
L. involute, somewhat hairy. (Root somewhat
creeping, Guss.). p. 6, 7. Salé marshes.

Sicily.’—BeErt.

18. panormitanum. “Spike few-flow-
ered, generally involucrate with the somewhat
ventricose sheath of the upper L. Spicules
slightly imbricate. Glumes 7—9-nerved, acu-
minate, equalling the spicules (exclusive of the
awn). Fits. about 5. Awn of outer Pale
longer than floret. L. flat, at last involute.
Roct fibrous. p.5, 6. Cale. mountains. Pal.”
—PaRL.

19. caninum. Spicules about 5-flowered.
Glumes 3—5-nerved, acute. Fits. awned. Ra-
chis asper. L. rough on both sides. Root
fibrous. p. 6,7. Shade.

20. biflorum. Spicules 2, rarely 3- or 4-
flowered. Glumes lanceolate, acuminate, 3-
nerved. Awn three times as long as pale. Ra-
chis rather rough. L. hairless, rough on mar-
gin. p. 7, 8. Alps of Goritz.

908. SECALE.

1. cereale. Spicules 2-flowered. Glumes
l-nerved. Rachis tough. a. 5. Cult. and
oce. escapes.

2. montanum. Rachis hairy, brittle.
Glumes 2-flowered, 1-nerved, linear, acute or
with a short point. Root fibrous. p. 6, 7.
Gravelly mountains. Sicily.

3. villosum. Spicules 4-flowered. Glumes

with 2 or 8 strong ribs, uniting into a single
cusp: one of them with tufts of hair. a. 5, 6.

Dry fields. Lyon. Cors. It.
909. ANGILOPS.
1. ovata. Spike ovoid. Spicules 3-5.

Glumes with 4 or 5 awns. Awns aculeato-asper
from base, nearly equal in all the spicules.
Pale 2-3-awned. a. b. 5,6. Dry granitic.
s. Europe.

2. triticoides. Spike cylindrical. Spicules
4-7. Glumes with 2-3 awns, which are nearly
equal in all the spicules, and aculeato-asper from
base. Pale with 1 or 2 awns. a. 5. Tapygia.

3. neglecta. “Spike ovato-elongate, nar-
rowed upwards. Spicules about 5, tiled. Glumes
turgid, hirsute. Awns 3, nearly equal in all the
spicules, not aculeato-asper at base. Outer Pale
densely ciliate. a.5. elds. It.”—BErv.

4. triaristata. Spike cylindrical, narrowed
at top. Spicules about 4. Glumes with 3
awns, nearly equal in all the spicules, without
prickles at base. Pale with 1 or 2 short awns.
a. 5. Cult. It. Trieste.

5. triuncialis. Spike cylindrical, 4—6-
flowered. Lower Glume with 2, upper with
3 awns. Awns of terminal Spicules much
longer than the others. Pale with 1 or 2 short
awns. b. 5,6. Dry, s. Fr.

6. caudata. Spike cylindrical. Spicules
5-8. Glumes ending in 2 unequal teeth : those
of terminal Spicule with a single long awn.
Pale of lateral Spicules awnless, or with a sin-
gle short awn ; of terminal Spicule with a long
awn. a.5,6. Vineyards. Aosta. Accord-
ing to Kunth, this, the A. cylindrica of Host
and Bert., 1s the caudata of Linn., squarrosa

of DC.
910, ELYMUS.

A. Glumes and outer Pale pointless.

1. arenarius. Spike erect, dense. Spi-
cules about 38-flowered, pubescent: the upper
and lower in pairs ; intermediate ones in threes.
Glumes ciliate, longer than’ spicule. IL. invo-
lute, rigid. p. 7. Sandy shores. Ocean.
Baltic.

2. geniculatus. Spike bent down. Spi-
ewes about 3-flowered, pubescent; lower re-
mote. Glumes hairless, longer than spicule.
L. involute, rigid. p. Sandy shores. e. Eur.
Holland.

3 ow 2

420 910. ELYMUS,

B. Glumes and lower Pale awned.

3. europzeus. Spicules 1—2-flowered,
rough, ternate. Glumes lineari-subulate, as
long as spicule. L. smooth. Sheaths hairy.
p. 7,8. Sandy hills.

4. crinitus. Spicules in pairs, erect, 1—2-
flowered. Glumes lineari-subulate, awned.
Outer Pale rough, with an awn many times
longer than itself. a.5,6. Melds and rub-
bish. ‘Trieste. Aitna.

911. HORDEUM.

A. Annual. Cultivated.
1. vulgare. F'lts. all complete, awned.
Seeds in 4 rows. Culm erect. a. 6, 7.

Fits. all complete,
a. 6. Cult. in G.

2. hexastichum.
awned. Seeds in 6 rows.
Switzerland.

3. distichum. Lateral Fits. barren, li-
near, awnless. Perfect Fits. ovate, in 2 rows.
Awn erect. a.6,7. Cult. G.

4. Zeocriton. Lateral Fits. barren, h-
near, awnless. Perfect Flts. ovate, in two rows.
Awn spreading. a. 6,7. Cult. in G.

B. Not cultivated.

5. murinum. Fits. all awned; lateral
barren or neuter. Glume of intermediate Flt.
lineari-lanceolate, ciliate, rough ; exterzor valves
of barren Flt. ciliate at base on one side.
a.7. Woods and rubbish.

B. pseudo-murimum, Kocn. Glumes broader.

Interior valve of barren Flt. ciliate at
base on both sides.

6. maritimum. Fits. hairless; lateral bar-
ren, with a short awn. Glumes rough. Inner
Glume of lateral Flts. semilanceolate ; the rest
setaceous. Outer Pale of perfect Flt. nearly
nerveless. a. 5. Dry shores.

B. pubescens, Guss. Fits. pubescent. Outer

Pale 8-nerved. Pal.

7. pratense. Lateral Fits. barren, with
short awns. All Glumes setaceous, rough. p.
6,7. Pastures. Br. G. Switz. very rare.
Mountains, Sic.

8. strictum. Laieral Flts. barren, stalked,

awnless. Perfect Flt. with along awn. Glumes
setaceous, rough. SEs. and Mauri. United
by Kunth with bulbosum. p. 4-6. Meadows
and pastures. Rome.

“Pits. all perfect, awned.
tse

9. bulbosum.
Glumes setaceous, ciliate at base. p.
Linn.

Tribe XIII. PAPPOPHOR.
912. ECHINARIA.

1. capitata. Spike ovoid, simple. a. 4, 5.
w. and s. Fr. It. oce.

Tribe XIV. ROTBOLLLACEZ.
913. NARDUS.

1. stricta. Spike one-sided, straight, three
times as long as sheath. p. 7. Heaths, un. E.
Mountains, It.

914. PSILURUS.

Spike very slender, curved.
mdt. Fr. It. Sic.

1. aristatus.
a. 4,5. Dry barren hills.

915. LEPTURUS.

1. cylindricus. Spike subulate, subin-
curved. Glume single! ensiform, acuminate,
adpressed, 1-flowered, awnless. a. 6. Sandy
shores. Mdt. and at Angouléme.

2. ineurvatus. Spike taper, incurved.
Fit. 1, with a minute rudiment ?, awnless. L.
flat. a. 5,6. Salt.

3. filiformis. Spike taper, subcompressed,
erect. Glumes 1-flowered. IL. channeled.
p. 5. Shores. s. Eur. Holst.

4. fasciculatus. Spikes axillary, clus-
tered !, curved. Spicules 1-flowered, in 4 rows
(in 2 when fresh, Guss.). Glume single. Stem
decumbent. a. 7-9. Naples. Pasione.

5. pannonicus. Spike taper, erect. ‘Two
complete Fits. L. flat. a. Fr—Kunrnu.

421

CRYPTOGAMIA.

For the characters of the Natural Orders in this class, and of the Sections, see Genera.

¢

CXIV. CHARACEA.

916. CHARA.

A. Tube of Stem and Branches surrounded
by smaller tubes. Whorled Branches sim-
ple, bearing the fruit.

i. Anthers or Globules on a different plant.
Sp. 1-3.

ii. Anthers placed below the fruit on the
same plant. Sp. 4-6.

B. Tube of Stem surrounded by spiral tubes ;
that of Branches without them. Sp. 7.
CG. No surrounding tubes.
i. Anthers placed below the fruit.
ii. Anthers by the side of the fruit.
iii. Anthers placed above the fruit.
a. Whorled Branches not trifid nor di-
chotomous. Sp. 10, 11.

b. Whorled Branches more or less di-
chotomous. Fruit at the forks, clus-
tered. Sp. 12-14.

ec. Whorled Branches dichotomous.
Flowers solitary. Sp. 15-18.

iv. Anthers ona different plant. Sp. 19.

A. Tube of Stem and Branches surrounded
by smaller, generally spiral, tubes. Whorled
Branches simple, bearing the fruit.

i. Anthers or Globules on a different plant.

1. crinita. “Stem thickly clothed with
clustered, slender, very acute prickles. Two
very acute Bracts at base of fruit. Crown of
Fruit very short, broad, erect. Halle in Sax.”
—BRAUN.

Sp. 8.
Sp. 9.

2. aspera. Stem clothed in its upper part
with long, slender, detached strige. Bracts
4—6, exceeding the fruit. 5-8. Stagnant
water, oce. I find whorls of spines on the
barren branches.

3. ceratophylia.
very short.

“ Prickles of the Stem
Plant larger and thicker than

C. vulgaris. Berlin. Scaphusia.”—Braun.
“Stems branched, corky, very rigid, twisted.
Prickles conical, cuspidate, papilhform. Ra-
muli about 6 in a whorl, jointed, widely spread-
ing; upper shorter, incurved, coloured. Bracts
whorled, spreading, ovate, about equalling the
globule and fruit. Brackish pools near Wans-
leben. The largest of the genus.”’—WALLR.

ii. Anthers placed below the fruit.
4. vulgaris. Prickles on the Stem 0, or
few and scattered. Bracts exceeding the fruit.
5-8. Ditches and pools.

5. hispida. Prickles on the Stem nume-
rous, more or less clustered. Bracts exceeding
the fruit. 6-8. Ponds and still water.

6. fragilis. Stem without prickles. Bracts
falling short of fruit. 5-8. Stagnant.

B. Stem surrounded by spiral tubes. Whorled
Branches without them.

7. scoparia. ‘Seed crowned with a very
acute papilla. Berlin.’—Braun.
CG. No surrounding tubes.
i. Anthers placed below the fruit.

8. coronata, Gay from A. Braun. J
have no further description of this.

ii. Anthers on each side of fruit.

9. barbata, Gay from A. Braun. I have
no further description.

iii. Anthers placed above the fruit.
a. Whorled Branches not di-trichotomous.

10. translucens. Branches simple, ob-
tuse. Flowering-branches short, much divided,
with clusters of fruit surmounted by an anther
and 3 points or very short bracts. Sandy
pools. rare.

11. glomerata. Whorled Branches fur-
nished with whorls of secondary branches or
bracts. Fr. clustered. 6-8. Stagnant. Bondy.
Said to be C. nidifica of Eng. Bot.

422

b. Whorled Branches di-trichotomous.
at the forks, clustered.

12. hyalina. “Div. of Branches inflated,
acuminate. Seeds larger than im C. glomerata.”
—BRAUN.

Frat

18. prolifera. ‘‘ Branches very long, sim-
ple, of 2 or 3 fructiferous whorls, short, forming
a head. L. (or Branches) divided at the lower
joints. Seeds very smooth, with hardly con-
spicuous strie. Mayence.’—Braun. I do
not understand this description, which, per-
haps, may indicate a structure like that of C.
translucens.

14. polysperma. “Lower Branches
mostly subdivided. Mtp. Cors.”—Braun.
Seems to be very like C. prolifera, but to dif-
Ser by tts larger size, and by having the up-
per branches undivided.

ce. Whorled Branches di-trichotomous. Fruit

solitary.

15. brongniartiana. ‘ Whorled Bran-
ches simply di- or trichotomous, acute. Lorr.
Als. Palat.”—Coss. C. flexilis of Braun, ac-
cording to Coss.

916. CHARA.

16. gracilis. Branches lax, more than
once divided, capillary; terminal Div. mucro-
nate, composed of 2 joints shorter than the
rest. 6-8. Sandy pools. Very rare.

17. mucronata. Branches lax, more than
once divided, not capillary ; terminal Div. mu-
cronate, composed of 2 joints shorter than the
rest. 6-8. Stell water. rare.

18. tenuissima. Branches short, forming
dense tufts, and giving the plant a beaded ap-
pearance, more than twice divided. Terminal
Div. longer than the others. 6-8. Peaty
pools. hare.

iv. Anthers on a different plant.

19. synearpa. Fruit clustered, without
bracts. Whorled Branches sometimes forked.
6-8. Stagnant. Cosson puts to this C. flexilis
of Smith, and capitata of Braun. C. flexilis
of Linn. he pronounces to be a different spe-
cies. Wallroth considers flexilis, Sim., nidifica,
synearpa, gracilis, and translucens, as all be-
longing to C. flexilis of Linn., and adds, as a
var., glomerata and teuuissima, under the name
of stellata.

CXV. EQUISETACEA.

917. EQUISETUM.

A. Barren and Fertile Stems distinct, dissi-
milar: the former simple, appearing before
the others ; the latter with whorled, simple
branches.

1. Telmateja. Sheaths of fertile Stems
with 30-40 teeth. Whorls of barren Stem
of about 30 branches, which are 4-edged,
with a furrow on each edge. p.4. Damp
woods and banks. A head of fructification
sometimes occurs on the barren stems.

2. arvense. Sheaths of fertile Stems loose,
remote, with about 8 teeth. Branches of bar-
ren Stem 6-12 in a whorl, with 4 simple
edges. Stem roughish, with about 12 furrows.

B. Barren and Fertile Stems appearing toge-
ther ; the latter at first simple, but after-
wards throwing out branches, and resembling
the barren.

3. umbrosum. Sheaths of fertile Stems
approximate, with 12-14 teeth. Branches of
barren Stems 6-12 in a whorl, simple, and
with 4 simple edges. Stem rough, with about
20 stripes. p. 5, 6. Moist meadows and
woods. G. Br. I. Pyr.

4. sylvaticum. Barren and Fertile Stems
each with about 10 furrows. Branches of bar-
ren Stems compound, deflexed. Sheaths of
Stem lax, with about 4 broad, membranous
teeth. p.5,6. Moist shade. oce.

C. Barren and Fertile Stems always similar.
i. Catkins obtuse.

5. limosum. Stem smooth, with 14-16
stripes, often nearly simple. Teeth of the
Sheaths 10-20, short, rigid, acute. Branches
erect, undivided. p.7. Water.

6. palustre. Stem with 5-8 furrows,
branched. Sheaths loose, pale, tipped with
brown. Teeth 6-8. p. 6,7. Boggy.

li. Cathins with an apiculus.

7. ramosum. Stems numerous, with 8—
15 simple, rounded ribs. Branches few, irre-
gular. Sheaths green. Teeth 6-8, convex,
but with a central furrow, dark at base, but
with a whitish, membranous, finely acute mar-
gin. p. 7,8. Dry or sandy. s. Hur.

8. hyemale. Stem simple, very rough,
with 14-24 furrows. Sheaths close: their
Ribs nearly flat, with a fiue dorsal depression,

EQUISETACE®. 423

more marked at the base of the teeth. p. 7, 8.
Wet shady banks. Rare.

9. trachyodon. Stems simple, with 7—
11 furrows. Sheaths lax: their Ribs flat.

eeth ovate, obtuse, muriculate on back and
margin, with a brown excurrent dorsal line.
p. Summer. Moist sandy. Rhine.

10. Mackaii. Stem simple or slightly
branched, with 8-12 furrows. Teeth slender,

persistent, at last black. Ribs with a deep
dorsal depression. p. 7, 8. Mountain glens.
Belfast. Se.

ll. variegatum. Stem slightly branched,
rough, with 5—9 furrows. Sheaths green at
base. Teeth obtuse, each tipped with a de-
cided bristle, black in the middle, with a white
membranous margin. Ribs with a deep dorsal
depression. p. 7, 8. Barren, wet. Br. G. Sw.

CXVI. FILICES.

Tribe Il. POLYPODIEZ.

918. POLYPODIUM.

1. vulgare. Frond deeply pinnatifid. Lobes
oblong, crenulate. Stem scaly. p. 8-10. Walls,
banks, and old trees.

B. serratum. Lobes lineari-lanceolate, serrate.
y- cambricum. Lobes pinnatifid.

2. Phegopteris. Frond pinnate. Pinne
lineari-lanceolate, united at base; lower turned
downwards. Lobes lanceolate, obtuse, entire.
Sori marginal. p. 7-9. Bogs and damp
among mountains.

3. rheticum. Frond smooth, oblongo-
lanceolate, bipinnate. Pinnules pinnatipartite.
Segm. inciso-crenate, obliquely mucronate. p.
7, 8. Mountain thichets. Hartz. Vosges. Alps.
Habit of Athyrium Filix-fceemina.

4. Dryopteris. Frond ternate, without
glands. Div. pinnate. Pinnee pinnatifid, ob-
tuse ; uppermost nearly entire. Sori marginal.
p. 7. Rocky mountains.

5. caleareum. Frond ternate; with stalk-
ed glands. Div. pinnate. Pinne pinnatifid,
obtuse; uppermost nearly entire. Sori mar-
ginal. p.7. Rocky cale.

919. POLYSTICHUM.

1. Lonchitis. Frond lineari-lanceolate,
pinnate. Pinnz sessile, lunulato-triangular,
spinuloso-serrate, rigid. p.7. High rocks.

2. aculeatum. Frond (when fully deve-
loped) oblongo-lanceolate, bipinnate. Pinnules
ovato-lunulate, decurrent. p. 7. Shady rocks
and banks.

B. lobatum, Sm. Frond lineari-lanceolate,
hardly bipinnate.

3. angulare. Frond drooping, lanceolate,
bipinnate. Pinnules stalked, offen pinnatifid,
slightly lunulate. p.7. Shade.

B. Brauni, Dour., Rhein fl. Frond more
attenuate. Pinnules broadly oblong, trun-
cate at base.

y. hastulatum, TEN. Frond lanceolate. Lobe
on upper side of base of pinnules much
prolonged.

920. LASTRAA.

A. Teeth of L. spinescent.

1. cristata. Frond lineari-oblong, pinnate.
Pinne ovato-triangular, often prolonged, pin-
natipartite ; the 3 or 4 lower pair nearly equal,
and without fruit. Indusium large; nearly en-
tire. Stipe scaly at base. p. 8. Bogs. Norf.
Nott. Abbeville. Paris.

2. spinulosa. Frond oblong, bipinnate.
Lowermost Pinne without fruit, about as long
as the succeeding ones. Indusium entire: Stipe
with rounded scales. p.7, 8. Boggy shade.

3. dilatata. Trond lanceolate, bipinnate.
The lowermost Pinnze shorter than the follow-
ing, all bearing fruit. Indusium fringed with
stalked glands. Stipe with lanceolate, or
ovato-lanceolate, acute scales. p. 7, 8. Shade.

4. Foenisecii. Frond ovate, bipinnate.
Lowermost Pinne larger than the others ;
all bearing fruit. Indusium somewhat rag-
ged on the edge. Stipe thickly covered with
lanceolate, acutely lacerate scales. p. 8, 9.
Shade. Ireland. n. Eng. I¢ is probable that
L. tanacetifolia, DC., 2s one of these ; but the
description is not sufficient to identify it.

B. Teeth not spinescent.

5. rigida. Frond oblongo-lanceolate, bi-
pinnate. Lower Pinnz nearly as large as the

424 920. LASTRAA.

following. Pinnules oblong, incise. Lobes
acutely dentate. Plant abounding in stalked
glands. Indusium fringed. Stipe short, dense-
ly scaly. p.6-8. Rocks. Yorkshire. Alps.
Grande Chartreuse.

6. Pilix-mas. Frond lanceolate, bipinnate.
Pinne oblong, prolonged ; lower nearly as long
as the following. Pinnules oblong, with short
teeth. Indusium quite entire. Plant not
glandular; the chaff of Stipe extending al-
most to the extremity of the frond. p. 6, 7.
Shade.

7. pallida. “Stipe chaffy between the
pinnee, smooth. Frond oblongo-lanceolate, bi-
pinnate. Pinnules sessile, nearly equal at base,
and slightly cordate, ovato-oblong, obtuse,
acutely denticulate. Indusium of a reddish
grey. Sori at last confluent. p. 2-6.
Hedges and shady rocks. Sic.” —Guss.

8. Oreopteris. Frond pinnate, lanceolate,
attenuate. Pinne oblong, prolonged, pinnati-
partite ; the 4 or 5 lower pair much smaller
than those above them. Segm. glandular
beneath. Margin of the Fertile Frond revo-
lute. Sori near the margin. Stipe short,
chaffy at base. p. 7. Heathy hills.

9. Thelypteris. Frond ovato-lanceolate,
pinnate, on a long and smooth stipe. Pinnee
pinnatifid ; lower pair not much shorter than
the rest. Segm. oblong, without glands, entire.
Margins of the Fertile Fronds revolute.
Root creeping. p.7, 8. Bogs, occ.

921. CYSTEA.

[In the first three species the outline of the
fronds is lanceolate; that of the pimne may
perhaps rather be called ovate prolonged, which
is also nearly the form of the pinnules, though
these are sometimes oblong. In all, the pin-
nules are decurrent by a narrow margin, so
that the frond is hardly in strictness bipinnate.
The pinnules nearest to the main stem are
always more divided than the others. The
species all depend in great measure on the
degree in which the division of the L. takes
place ; and the gradation is almost insensible
from the first to the last. |

1. dentata. Pinne pinnate only at base.
Lower Pinnules incise, not pinnatifid. p. 7.
Rocks. Wales. Sc.

2. fragilis. Frond bipinnate. Lower Pin-
nules pinnatifid ; upper inciso-dentate. p. 6-8.
Rocks and walls.

3. alpina. Frond bipinnate. Lower Pin-
nules pinnate ; upper deeply pinnatifid. Segm.
lineari-oblong. p. 6-8. High rocks. Alps.
Pyrenees.

4. montana. Frond ternato-tripinnate ;
the lower pinne being much larger than the
others. Pinnules pinnatifid. p. 6-8. Moun-
tain woods. Alps.

922. WOODSIA.

l. hyperborea. Frond lineari-lanceolate.
Pinnee broadly ovate, pinnatifid. p. 7. High
rocks. Wales. Yorkshire. Se. Alps. Pyrenees.
rare.

2. ilvensis. Frond oblongo - lanceolate.
Pinne triangulari-oblong, pinnatifid. Segm.
oblong. p. 7. High rocks. Very rare.

Tribe IT. ASPLENIEZ.
923. GRAMMITIS.

1. leptophylla. Frond smooth, thin, pin-
nate or bipinnate. Pinnules cuneiform, with
rounded lobes. The sori are said to be round
or oblong ; but the capsules are so scattered
that they can hardly be sad to form sort.
p. 3,4. Sandy. Britt. Prov. It.

924. ATHYRIUM.

l. Pilix-foemina. Frond lanceolate, bi-
pinnate. Pinnules lineari-oblong, pinnatifid ;
the lower forward segment rather longer,
toothed at the end. p. 6-8. Moist shade.

B. irriguum, SM. Smaller.

2. fontanum. Frond lineari-lanceolate, bi-
pinnate. Pinnules broad, with a few large,
spreading, spinescent teeth. Rachis, even the
principal, winged. p. 6-8.

925. ASPLENIUM.

A. Frond narrowed at base by the position
of the lower branches, which are neverthe-
less as long as those above them. Pinne
alternate.

1. Ruta-muraria. Frond bi-tripinnate.
Pinnules rhomboid, nearly entire. Indusium
fringed. p. 5-9. Walls and rocks.

2. Matthioli. Frond bi-tripimate. Pin-

FILICES.

nules cuneate, rounded at top, nearly entire.
p. 3, 4. Cale.rocks. Sic. rare.—Guss.

3. brachyphyllum. Frond bi-tripinnate.
Pinnules fan-shaped, inciso-lobate. Indusium
linear, hairless, dentato-crenulate. Seeds
prickly. p. 5, 6. High rocks. Madonie.
On rocks opposite Isnello.—Guss,

4. fissum. Frond ovate, tripmnate. Pin-
nules cuneiform, trifid. Segm. ending in 2
or 3 teeth, which are often emarginate. In-
dusium quite entire. p. Summer. Jissures
of high rocks. s. e. Alps.—Kocn.

5. Breynii. Frond lanceolate, bipinnate
only at base, simply pinnate at top. Pinnee
cuneiform, inciso-dentate at top; lower pinna-
tifid. Segm. cuneiform. Indusium quite en-
tire. p. Summer. Lssures of rocks. Ger.
occ. — Koc, who gives alternifolium and
germanicum (doth belonging to one plant) as
synonyms ; but the description rs so different
that I insert it here.

6. alternifolium. Frond linear, simply
pinnate. Pinnee cuneiform, cloven at top.
Indusium quite entire. p. 6-9. Walls and
rocks. Als. upper Loire. Sc.

7. septentrionale. Frond of from 1 to
3 narrow, somewhat laciniate Lts., which are

cuneiform at base. p. Summer. Lrposed
rocks.
B. Frond not narrowed at base; or, if

narrowed, it is by the lower pinne being

shorter. Divisions with a distinet midrib.

8. viride. Frond linear, simply pinnate.
Pinne roundish ovate or rhombic, crenate.
Nerves simple, or forked above the sori.
Rachis green, without a scariose margin. p.
6-9. Cale. rocks.

9. Trichomanes. Frond linear, simply
pinnate. Pinne roundish ovate, crenate.
Nerves forked below the sori. Rachis dark,
polished, with a denticulate, scariose margin.
p. 5-9. Walls and rocks.

10. marinum. Frond oblong, simply pin-
nate. Pinnee obliquely ovate, the base being
prolonged forwards. p.6—9. Maritime rocks.
Not in Ger.

11. pilosum. Frond lanceolate, alternately
pinnate. Pinne ovate or ovato-oblong, in-
ciso-lobate and pinnatifid. Lobes obtuse, co-
vered with club-shaped hairs. p. 3, 4. Warm
cale. rocks. Pal.—Guss.

12. obovatum. Frond bipinnate. Pin-

425

nules obovate, nearly entire at the end; the
lower pair shorter than the 2 or 8 above. The
sori are hardly longer than in Athyrium fon-
tanum. p. 4,5. Igncous rocks. Isch. Sic.
and sic. Islands.

13. lanceolatum. Frond bipinnate. Pin-
nules ovate, ending in acute teeth; the lower
pair shorter than the two or three above. Sori
short. p. 6-9. Rocks and walls. Fr. Eng.
rare.

14. Adiantum-nigrum. Frond bipin-
nate. Pinnee ovato-triangular, acuminate,
sharply toothed; the lowest pair longest. p.
6-9. Rocks and loamy banks.

15. Wirgilii. Frond tripinnate. Pinne
oblongo-lanceolate, very acuminate. Pinnules
lineari-lanceolate, acutely inciso-dentate. Sori
at last confluent. p. 2, 3 (6, Pout.). Vof-
canie rocks. Hug. hills. Sic. and sic. Isl.

926. CETERACH.

]. officinarum. Frond pinnatifid. Segm.
alternate, obtuse, densely scaly beneath. p.
4-9. Walls and rocks. s. and w. Kur.

927. SCOLOPENDRIUM.

1. vulgare. [J'ronds oblongo-linear, cor-
date at base, often curly at the end and some-

times divided. p. 7, 8. Damp and shady
banks.
2. sagittatum. Frond hastate. Lateral

Lobes obtuse. Sori from twice to six times as
long as broad. p. Maritime rocks. Mars.
Corsica.

3. EXemionitis. Frond 5-lobed, deeply
cordate at base. Sori 12 times as long as
broad. p. 4, 5. Shady rocks and wails.

San Michele. Trapani.
928. BLECHNUM.

1. boreale. Frond oblong, pectinato-pin-
natifid. Pinnee of fertile Frond linear, acute ;
of barren oblongo-linear, subobtuse. op. 7.
Moist loamy banks.

929. WOODWARDIA.

1. radicans. Frond pinnate... Pinne some-
what stalked, pmnatifid. Div. lanceolate, acu-
minate, serrulate. Rachis proliferous. p.
6, 7. Shady rocks. Ischia. Sorrento. Sic.
rare.

426 930. ALLOSORUS.

Tribe IIT. PTERIDEA.
930. ALLOSORUS.

1. crispus. Frond bi-tripmmnate. Pinne
of barren Frond cuneato-oblong ; of fertile ob-
long. p. 7. Stony mountains. Wales. n. Eng.
Se. Alps. Fr. G.

931. CHEILANTHES.

1. odorus. Frond smooth, bipimnate. Pin-
nules pinnatipartite. Segm. rounded. Stipe
chaffy. p.4,5. Warm rocks. Vesuv. Cors.
Prov. e. Pyr. Sic.

932. NOTHOLANA.

1. Marantze. Frond oblong, bipinnate.
Pinnules opposite, united; scaly beneath, smooth
above. p. 6-9. Warm rocks. Thueys and
Tournon in Ardéche. s. Tyr.

2. lanuginosa. Frond oblongo - lanceo-
late, bipinnate, woolly on both sides. Pinnules
opposite, united, very obtuse; upper confluent.
p. 11-8. Warm rocks. Cat. Pal.

933. STRUTHIOPTERIS.

1. germanica. Barren Fronds broadly
oblong, acuminate and attenuate, pinnate, pin-
natipartite. Segm. equal, obtuse, entire. Fer-
tile Frond lanceolate, pimnate. Pinnee linear,

subterete, entire. p.7,8. Moist valleys. G.
Switzerland. oce.
934. PTERIS.

1. aquilina. Fronds tripartite. Branches
bipinnate. Pinnules lineari-lanceolate, the lower
pinnatifid. Segm. obtuse. p. 8,9. Woods
and heaths.

2. eretica. Frond pinnate. Pinne oppo-

site, lanceolate; the lowest tripartite. p. 6.
Rocks. Nice. Massa. Cors. Nap.
3. longifolia. Frond pinnate. Pinne

linear, somewhat auriculato-cordate, serrulate.
Stipe and Rachis chaffy. p. 6, 7. Warm
moust rocks. Ischia in the hot vapours. Sic.
near Taormina, Syracuse, &c.

935. ADIANTUM.

1. Gapillus-Veneris. frond _bipin-
nate. Pinne alternate, thin, fan-like. Sterile
Lobes serrate. p.6-9. Warm moist. s. and
w. Europe.

Tribe IV. HYMENOPHYLILEA.

936. TRICHOMANES.

l. radicans. Frond smooth, 3 or 4 times
pinnatifid. Segm. linear. Involucrum soli-
tary, in the axils of the upper segments. Seta
at first included, afterwards very prominent.
p- 9,10. Waterfalis. Killarney. Wicklow ?
Very rare.

937. HYMENOPHYLLUM.

l. tunbridgense. Fronds pinnate. Pin-
nee porrect. Segm. linear, spinoso-serrate.
Tnvolucrum compressed, spinuloso-serrate. Ra-
chis with a broad wing. p. 7. Shady rocks.
Eng. Trunks of trees. Cherbourg.

2. Wilsoni. Frond pinnate. Pinne
somewhat recurved. Segm. linear, spinoso-
serrate. Involucrum inflated, entire. Border
of Rachis narrow. p.7. Shady rocks. Sc.

n. England.

Tribe V. OSMUNDE.
938. OSMUNDA.

l. regalis. Frond bipinnate.
somewhat auricled.
cle. p. 7-9.

Pinnules
Fr. in a bipinnate pani-

Tribe VI. OPHIOGLOSSEZ.
939. BOTRYCHIUM.

1. Hhunaria. Barren Frond oblong, pinna-
tipartite, solitary. Pinnules flabellato-semi-
lunar, incise. p. 6, 7. Dry pastures, occ.
There are rarely 2 barren fronds, and some-
tumes the pinnules are deeply divided.

2. matricarifolium. Barren Frond ob-
long, pinnatipartite, solitary. Pinne ovato-
oblong, pimnatifido-lobate. Lobes slightly cre-
nate. p.5,6. Dry pastures. G. Vosges.
raré.—KocH.

3. rutifolium. “ Barren Fronds usually 2 ;
the lower sheathing base of fertile frond. Blade
broadly triangular, ternate. Div. pinnate.
p. 6,7. Mountain woods. s. e. G. Vosges.”
—Kocu.

940. OPHIOGLOSSUM.

1. vulgatum. Frond ovate, obtuse. Spike
club-shaped. p. 5,6. Clayey pastures.

2. lusitanicum. Barren Frond lanceo-
late, on a cuneate base. p. 1,2. Dry bar-
ren. Istr. Rome.

S22

CXVII. MARSILEACEA.

941. MARSILEA.

1. quadrifolia. L. in fours, on long stalks.
its. entire on the margin. Fr. stalked. p.
7-9. Wet. Fr. Rhine. Salzb. Carin, Carn.

2. pubescens. Lts. quite
entire, pubescent. p. lapygia.

L. in fours.
Fruit sessile.

942, PILULARIA.

1. globulifera. Elongated, creeping. L.
setaceous. Fr. globose, about the size of u
pea. p.8. Shallow water, occ.

943. SALVINIA,.

L. ovato-cordate, rough be-
Fruit clustered.
Baden.

1. natans.
neath with bundles of hairs.
6-8. Stagnant. Lubeck. Silesia.
s. Europe.’

944. ISOETES.

L. subulate, semiterete, of
p. 7-9. Bot-

1. lacustris.
4 longitudinal jointed tubes.
toms of lakes.

CXVIII. LYCOPODIACEA.

945. LYCOPODIUM.

A. All the Capsules 2-valved. Seeds loose,
rounded.

1. clavatum. L. scattered, ending in a
filament. Spikes 2 or 3 together on a strigose
stalk. Scales ovato-triangular, finely lacerato-
dentate. p. 7,8. Heathy hills.

2. Chameecyparissias. L. in 2 oppo-
site rows, with additional, nearly equal L. above
and below the stem. Spikes 2-6 on a length-
ened stalk. Bracts broadly ovate, eroso-cre-
nulate. p. 7, 8. Woods and heaths on a
barren soul. G. Vosges.

3. complanatum. L. connate at base in
2 rows, with a detached row above and below;
the latter very small. Spikes 2-6, on a length-
ened stalk. Bracts broadly ovate, cuspidate,
eroso-crenulate. p. 7, 8. Woody hills. Paris ?
Rhine. Alps. Boh.

4. alpinum. UL. in 4 rows, acute, keeled,
entire. Branches fastigiate, erect. Spike ses-
sile, terminal. Bracts broadly ovate, acumi-
nate, denticulate. p.8. Mountains.

5. annotinum. L. scattered, lanceolate,
cuspidate, serrate. Flowering-branches with

yearly rings. Spikes sessile, solitary, terminal.
Bracts broadly ovate, cuspidate, eroso-denticu-
late. p.8. Mountains. Se. Dau. G.

6. Selage. L.in 8 rows, uniform, lan-
ceolate. Stem dichotomous, erect, fastigiate.
Caps. in the axils of L. p. 6-8. Heathy
hills.

7. inundatum. L. scattered, linear, acute.
Stems close to the ground, rooting. Spikes
stalked, erect, solitary. Bracts like L., but
somewhat dilated at base. p. 8. Boggy heaths.

B. Capsule 4-valved. Seeds 3 or 4, angular,
fixed.

8. selaginoides. L. scattered, lanceo-
late, ciliate. Stem procumbent, rooting. Spikes
terminal, solitary, erect. Floral L. larger. p. 8.
Moist mountain heaths.

9. helveticum. L. in 4 rows, oval, sub-
acute: two larger spreading; two smaller ad-

pressed. Stem rooting. Bracts and L. of
branches similar, acute. p.? Shade. Alps.
10. denticulatum. IL. somewhat 4-

rowed, oval, acutely mucronate: two larger
spreading; two smaller adpressed. Stem
rooting. Bracts finely acuminate. a.? s. Fr. It.

426

ADDITIONS.

PPI IIAP DDI

p- Ll, before Section A. in Zhalictrum,

T. macrocarpum. Carpels inflated, with-
out angles or furrows. Pan. few-flowered.
Pedicels very long, one-flowered. Lower L.
3-4 times ternate. p. 6, 7. Central Pyr.
—Gr. and GopRr.

p- 8, after Anemone Pulsatilla,

A. montana. Root-L. triplicato-pinnati-
fid. Div. linear, acute. FI. nodding. Sep.
straight, turned out at the top, twice as long
as stamens.—Kocw. Gr. and G. describe the
primary Div. of L. as placed on long stalks,
but they quote Koch. p. 5. Dau. Auv.
Angers. Dax. Toulon. s. Tyr.

p- 6, after Ranunculus Ficaria,

R. calthifolius. Stem not creeping. Root-
L. subrotundo-cordate, the lobes overlapping.
Fl.-stalk very long. Carpels hispid. p. 4, 5.
Fds. and vineyards. Toulon. Cors.—Gr. and
G., who state that in R. Ficaria the lobes of the
L. diverge, and that the carpels are downy.

p- 6, after Ranunculus auricomus,

R. demissus. Carpels nearly hairless.
Ree. hairless. Carpels 15-20, with a filiform,
recurved beak. Stem-L. tripartite. Segm.
lanceolate, not divergent. p. 7. Mountains.
Cors.—Gr. and G.

p. 8, after Nigella arvensis,

W. hispanica. Anthers apiculate. In-
ner Lip of Nect. lineari-lanceolate, equalling
outer! Caps. 8-10, united to the top, glandu-
loso-rugose. a. 7, 8. s. Fr.—Gr. and G.

p- 8, after Aquilegia alpina,

A. Bernhardi. Spwr curved, slender,
hardly half as long as blade of petal (¢ all
the other species they are as long, or longer).
L. large, twice ternate. Lits. trifid, crenate.
p. 6. Monte Rotondo in Cors.—Gr. and G.

p. 12, after Hypecoum procumbens,

Hi. grandiflorum. Pod only obscurely
jointed, marked with longitudinal ribs. Outer
Pet. largest, 3-lobed; inner trifid. (Fil. with
a membranous expansion at the base, BENTH.)
L. not flat on the ground. Stems ascending,
forming dichotomous panicles. a. 6. Lower
Rousillon.—Gr. and G.

p. 13, after Corydalis acaulis,

C. capnoides. L. trifid or tripartite, in-
cise. Lowest Bracts inciso-tripartite, on long
stalks. Spur as long as corolla. Seeds hooded
by the caruncle. a. 6, 7. Ln rich but stony
ground. Pustherthal in s. Tyrol.

p- 15, after Ideris amara,

I. bicorymbifera. Rac. a sort of double
corymb, with intermediate abortive flowers.
Silicle winged, as broad at the summit as in
the middle, ending in two terminal lobes,
which exceed the style. L. numerous at the
top of the barren shoots; all pinnatifid, on
long stalks. b.? Mende.—Gr. and G.

p. 16, add note to Lepidium Smithii :

Gr. and G. consider this a var. of 1. hetero-
phyllum ; dwt the silicles are not always round-
ed at the base, and the terminal wing 1s very
narrow and often wanting.

p. 16, after Lepidiwm Smitha,

EL. Villarsii. Silicle oval, the wing form-
ing about + of its whole length, rounded at
base; stalk smooth. Style exsert. All L.
undivided. ‘‘Souche vivace, verticale, indé-
terminée, écailleuse.” p. Gap.—Gr. and G.
These authors describe the root of L. hirtum
in the same words ; while in L. heterophyllum
it is, “‘ Souche vivace, déterminée, non écail-
leuse, renflée et noueuse supérieurement.” In
L. hirtum the wing is 4, im L. Villars 4, 2
L. heterophyllum 4, and I may add in L.
Smithii xot 2, of whole length of the siliele.

p- 17, after Lepedium ruderale,

L. virginicum. Silicle round, nearly
flat, with a very narrow wing, shorter than
pedicel. Stigma sessile. Pet. oblongo-cunei-
form, twice as long as sepals. Lower L.
obovate, toothed or pinnatifid; upper lanceo-
late, serrate. a.5, 6. Bayonne.—Gr. and G.

p. 18, add note to Alyssum alpestre :

A. robertianum, Gr. and GODR., seems to
be a var. of this, distinguished by larger flow-
ers and seed-vessels.

p. 23, after Brassica balearica,

B. insularis. “ L. numerous, crowded at
the base of the flowering-stalks, and at the

ADDITIONS. 429

\

top of the barren branches, stalked, entire or
lyrate. Stem branched, woody at base. Pet.
white, veined. Seeds smooth. p.5. Rocks
between Caproline and Pont a la Leccia, Cors.”
—Gr. and G. (Pet. obversely oblong. Upper
L. oblongo-lingulate, Burt.) According to
Gr. and G., the true B. balearica differs from
this tn having yellow petals abruptly con-
tracted into a claw, an emarginate, nearly
sessile stigma, and a very slender pod. They
call B. robertiana the plant which, following
Lowseleur, I have called balearica, and describe
the seeds as strongly and elegantly pitted.

p- 34, add note to Cistus albidus :

Messrs. Gr. and G. find a hybrid between
this and C. crispus.

p. 34, after Crstus crespus,

C. Pouzolzii. L. at the base of the
branches wrinkled and undulate; the others
ovali-lanceolate, not wrinkled, with prominent
nerves. Lhis plant has the down of C. albidus ;
the L. at the base of the branches are those
of ©. erispus; the habit, the inflorescence,
and the flowers, the style excepted, resemble
those of C. monspeliensis. p. 6. Alais. Le
Vigan. Mtp. Narbonne.—Gr. and G.

p. 39, add note to Vrola hirta :

Gr. and G. mention a hybrid between this
and V. alba.

p. 42, add to Reseda lutea,
B. Jacquin. Seeds larger, not shining,
shagreened.

p- 46, add note to Deanthus monspessulanus :

According to Gr. and G., two forms of
hybrids are met with, between this and D.
sylvaticus, i.e. D. Seguieri.

p. 55, before Arenaria balearica,

A. modesta. Viscido-pubescent, erect,
subdichotomous. Lower L. lanceolato-oblong ;
upper nearly linear, acute. Sep. oval, acute,
nerveless. Pet. as long as sepals. a. 6. Aix.
Mars. Perpignan. Le Gard. Cors.—Gr. and G.
p- 55, after Arenaria ciliata,

A. ligericina. Stems tufted, entirely
herbaceous. Plant covered with spreading,
glandular hairs. Sep. 1-nerved. Pet. 4 longer
than calyx. L. oval or lanceolate, pubescent, 1-
nerved. p. 6,7. Florac-—Gr. and G. In A.
cihata the L. and Sep. have each several nerves.

p. 57, after Mehringia trinervia,

IM. pentandra. lL. ovate, not ciliate.
Sep. l-nerved; all hairless. Pet.0. Sta. 5:
the Fil. not reaching to above 4 of the sepal.
a. 5,6. Oline-grounds. Cors.—GRr. and G.

p- 58, after Cerastiwm atrovirens,

©. Riaei. Stalk of Fruit refracted, as
long as calyx, + as long as curved Caps., and
continued in the same line with it. Sep. thin,
almost translucent, with a narrow scariose
margin, hairless at top, twice as long as petals.
a. 5,6. Cult. Tréves. Le Gard.—Gr. and G.

p: 59, after Cerastiwm latifolium,

©. pyrenaicum. Pet. and Sta. ciliate.
Bracts like the L. Stems long, scaly and hair-
less at base. Fl.-stalks solitary, or in pairs,
as long as Caps., reflected after flowering. Pet.
hardly half as long again as sepals. Shell of
Seed much larger than kernel. JL. oval, or
ovali-lanceolate. p.9. Col de Nouri, Vallée
de Llo, e. Pyr.—Gr. and G.

p- 59, after Cerastium arvense,

©. Boissieri. Shell of the Seed much
larger than its kernel, and attached to it only
at a single point. Caps. large, bellying, nearly
straight. Cal. and Stalks covered with curled
hairs, more or less viscid. lL. lanceolate or
linear, woolly. p.6. Glaciére de Bastia.—
Gr. and G. This large shell to the seed is
attributed also to ©. latifolium and C. pyre-
naicum, and is likewise supposed to C. steno-
petalum, a species which in other respects
seems hardly distinguished from C. arvense.

p- 60, after Hlatine hexandra,

E. campylosperma. Seeds curved like
a horse-shoe. Pet. 4. Sta. 8. FI. alternate;
Fl.-stalks usually longer than L. L. longer than
stalks. a. 5-8. Nantes.—Gr. and G.

p. 68, add to Malva parviflora,

B. microcarpa, GR. and G. Hairs tufted.
Hyéres. Toulon.

p- 66, after Hypericum humifusum,

HI. corsicum. Stem procumbent, with 4
prominent lines. L. semiamplexicaul, with
pellucid dots. Sep. finely acumimate. p.—
Gr. and G. Monte d’Oro, Corsica.

p- 68, after Hrodiwm cicutarium,

E. tenuisectum, Gr. and G. Distin-
guished, apparently, from K. cicutarium by
being perennial, the flowers in each umbel
Sewer, the L. more finely divided, and by the
want of a fold below the circular depressions
on the summit of the valves of the fruit. p.
Shore of Corsica.

p- 70, add to Geranzum palustre,
B. Endressi, Gr. and G. Pedicels of Fr.
shorter, erect, covered with soft spreading
hairs. w. Pyr.

430 ADDITIONS.

-p- 71, after Oxalis Acetosella,

O.lybica. Stemless. Scape 1-3-flow-
ered. Pedicels of Fr. reflected. Sep. beard-
less, but tipped with a brown, anther-like,
double callus. p. Greek chapel at Ajaccio.
—Gr. and G.

p. 76, after Genista Lobelit,

G. Morisii. Spines slender. L. nume-
rous, nearly sessile. Lts. and upper L. ob-
versely lanceolate, acute. Two spine-like Sti-
pules at base of L.-stalk. Fl. solitary, nearly
sessile, in a sort of raceme. S. 5, 6. Dry
pastures. Sard.—BeErv.

p- 77, after Genista tinctoria,

G. Delarbrei. Like G. tinctoria, but the
flowers are larger, the pods wider, rounded at
the end and almost truncate, and the Seeds
black and shining. The Stipules also are tri-
angular, and much shorter. $. 7,8. Auv.
Pyr.—Gr. and G.

p- 79, add to Cytisus hirsutus,

B. elongatus. Pedicels as long as the calyx.
Stem covered with adpressed hairs.

p. 81, after Oxonis spinosa,

O. Masquillieri. Stem hairy. L. mostly
ternate. Lts. oblong, acutely serrulate. Fl.
solitary, but forming a spike-like raceme. Cal.
falling short of legume: Seg. lineari-lanceolate,
acute. Seeds with minute points. p. 7. Bo-
logna.— Brrr.

p- 82, after Ononis mitissima,

©. villosissima. Villous, viscid. Stem
prostrate. L.ternate. Lts. obovate, serrulate.
Stip. ovate, acute. Rac. leafy, spike-like. Seg.
of Cal. equal, lanceolate, acuminate, rather ex-
ceeding corolla and legume. a.5. Fields on
the coast. Corigliano in Cal.—Brrv.

p- 85, after Medicago littoralis,

M. Braunii. “ Differs from JZ. “ittoralis in
having the length of the teeth of the calyx equal
to that of the tube, and the standard as long as
the keel; in the legume turning to the right,
the border obtuse, and armed with two rows of
spreading spines. a. 5, 6. Sandy shores.
mdt. Fr.”—Gr. and G.

p. 92, add to Trifolium resupinatum,
B. Clusi. ¥1. stalked. Legume orbicular.
Teeth of upper lip of Cal. of Fr. much

shorter than in the type. Seeds nearly
spherical. a. 6. mdt. Fr.—Gr. and G.

p. 94, add to Dorycnium herbaceum,

B. gracile. Teeth of Cal. as long as tube.
—-Gr. and G.

p. 104, after Vicza onobrychordes,

V.corsica. F'l. 1-3, falling far short of
the L. Upper Teeth of Cal. convergent ; lower
falling little short of corolla. Leg. on short
stipes. Seeds 2. Lts. 10-16, attenuate at
each end. Stip. linear, acute, adpressed ; the
lower semihastate. a. Bastia. Hadit of
Ervum hirsutum.-Gr. and G. This is a
Cracca of these authors, distinguished from
Vicia by the style hairy all round at the top,
and from Ervum by the legume truncate, and
produced into a beak. ‘

p. 114, after Rudus plicatus,

R. thyrsoideus. “Pet. obovate, atten-
uate. Stem erect, arched only at the summit,
regularly angular and deeply channeled for its
whole length, 12 feet high, without glands or
hairs. Pr. only on angles of stem, stout, and
enlarged at base ; straight, except afew of the
upper ones, which are sickle-shaped ; those of
the flowering - branches hooked. L. green
above, paler and downy beneath. Middle Lt.
oval, acuminate, slightly cordate at base ; late-
ral obovato-oblong, attenuate. S. 6, 7. Woods.
Fr. rare.’—Gr. and G.

p. 115, after Rubus sylvaticus,

R. collinus. ‘ Pet. obovato-orbicular,
rounded at the base, and abruptly contracted
into a short claw. Stem somewhat downy, an-
gular at base, anguloso-canaliculate for the
rest of its length. Pr. short, but the upper
and those of the flowermg-branches hooked.
Middle Lt. orbiculari-rhombic, with short acu-
men; lateral Lts. oblong, the lower on short
stalks. S. 6, 7. Dry hills. Nancy. Prov.
Lang.” —Gr. and G.

p. 115, after Rubus fuscus,

R. piletostachys. “Pet. obovato-ob-
long, with a long attenuation at base. Stem
angular: faces flat, hairy, and with stalked
glands. Pr. few, straight on a broad base ;
the upper somewhat inclined: those on the
flowering-branches few, straight, and slender.
L. green on both sides. Lateral Lts. stalked.
S. 6. Moods. Lorr. Puy de Dome.”—Gr.
and G. Placed by authors among Rubi with
erect stems ; but the description seems hardly
analogous to the species of that subdivision.

p- 116, after Rubus imcanescens,

R. micans. “ Pet. oval, entire, contracted
into a short claw. Stem obtusely angular,
channeled at the summit, slightly downy, fur-
nished with sessile glands, and with very un-
equal straight prickles, mostly very small. Pr.
of flowering-branches straight ; of the L.-stalks
hooked. L. pale above, whitish and velvety
below ; with shining hairs on the nerves. Mid-

ADDITIONS. 431]

dle Lt. oval, acuminate, slightly cordate at
base: lateral ovali-oblong, stalked. SS. 6.
Nancy.”—Gr. and G.

p. 118, after Potentilla aurea,

P. pyrenaica. “Stems ascending. Lis.
5: terminal teeth equal. Stip. obtuse, united
to the leaf-stalk nearly for their whole length!
FL-stalks (those of the dichotomy excepted)
hardly, or not at all, longer than the diame-
ter of the corolla. Plant sometimes thickly
clothed with subadpressed hairs, sometimes
nearly smooth. p. 8. High valleys. Central
and eastern Pyrenees.”—Gnr. and G.

p- 119, after Potentilla thuringiaca,

P. delphinensis. ‘Stems erect. Flow-
ering-branches lateral, from the axils of 2
small L. Lts. oblong, green, covered with ad-
pressed hairs; terminal teeth equal. Stip.
lanceolate, acuminate, very long. Fl. erect ;
the stalks (those of the first dichotomy ex-
cepted) hardly, or not at all, longer than the
diameter of the corolla. Distinguished from
P. recta by the lateral flowering-branches.
p. 7,8. Mte. Viso. Lautaret on the brink of
a ravine.’ —GR. and G.

p- 121, after Poteriwm polygamum,

P. Magnolii. fr. with large, obtuse tu-
bercles. Angles with thick, deeply sinuato-cre-
nulate crests. p.6—-8. mdt. Fr.—Gr. andG.

p- 121, after Rosa gallica,

R. geminata. Le Cher. Lyons.—Gr. andG.
Said to differ from RB. gallica by its Lts. rather
obtuse, simply serrate at top, and not at all for
the lower third of their length, dull above,
and whitish beneath.

- RR. macrantha. La Fléche.—Gr. and G.
Differs from the preceding by its larger size
and stronger prickles. The L. are acute, shi-
ning on the upper, and green on the lower
surface, somewhat cordate, and toothed on
their whole circumference.

R. arvina. “Styles united in a downy
column. Fr. oval, rough with glands. Lts. 5,
rarely 7, dark green above, greyish white be-
neath, with simple, spreading, oval, glandular
teeth. Pet. bright pink. §&.6. La Creuse.
Angers.’—Gr. and G. These three species
(f the two first are anything but varieties of
R. pumila) ave probably hybrids between R.
gallica of the gardens and R. arvensis.

p. 123, after Rosa cantina,

R. obtusifolia. Stalk of the primary
Germen not half aslong as germen. Fr. ellip-
tic, urceolate. Free part of Stip. advancing.
Lts. 5—7, ovali-subrotund, subobtuse, pubescent
on both sides. Fl. white. &.6. Angers.—
Gr. and G. This seems distinguished from

R. canina only by the shortness of the primary
stalhs ; and the description leaves it doubtful
whether these do not lengthen in the fruit.

p. 126, after Lpilobium virgatum,

Gr. and G. maintain that the £. virgatum
of Koch is erroneously named, and propose to
call this plant 4. Lamyi. 'They thus distin-
guish the 4 allied species :—

E. palustre. Stem without raised lines.
Fl.-buds nodding. Runners long and slender.

E. virgatum. Stem with 2 or 4 raised
lines. F'l.-buds erect. Runners long and slen-
der, with widely scattered leaves.

E. tetragonum. Stem with 4 raised lines.
Middle L. sessile, somewhat decurrent. Ro-
settes of L. in place of runners.

E. Lamyi. Like ¢etragonum, but with a
decurrent haft to the L.

p. 126, after Epelobium alsinifolium,

E. Durizi. Differs from Z. alsinifolium
in having the stigmas spreading in form of a
cross. These two and £. alpinum have sub-
terraneous scaly runners.—Gr. and G.

p. 128, after the note on Tamarix gallica,
Gr. and G. admit 3 species of Tamarix :—
T. gallica, where the hypogynous disc

has 10 obtuse angles, the Stamens inserted in

_ the intermediate sinus, and the Caps. pyrami-

dal, tapering from the base to the summit.

T. anglica, where the hypogynous disc
has 5 acute angles, on which the Stamens are
inserted, and the Caps. is ovoid, 3-edged, ab-
ruptly contracted above. This grows on the
French coast from Bayonne to Dunkirk. In
both these the Anthers are apiculate.

T. africana has anthers without an apicu-
lus, the Disc as in 7. anglica, and a short,
ovoid, 3-edged Fr. slightly attenuate at top.

p- 129, after Montia fontana,

M. rivularis. Cymes arising from a knot,
producing 2 equal, opposite L. p. 7-9. Rills
on granitic. In fontana the terminal cymes
have a scariose bract opposed to a L.— Gr. SG.

p. 130, after Hernzaria cncana,

Hi. latifolia. Styles erect, parallel. p.
7, 8. oc. Pyr. In all the other species the
styles diverge. In glabra and hirsuta the FV.
are sessile; im incana, latifolia, and alpina, they
are stalked ; all the species are perennial, and
the three last-mentioned somewhat woody.—
Gr. and G.

p- 187, after Sazzfraga media,
S. luteo-purpurea and S. ambigua
seem to be hybrids between S. media and 8.

| aretroides—GR. and G.

432 ADDITIONS.

p. 188, after Saxifraga pentadactyhs,

S. nervosa. “hb. glutinous, enlarged and
somewhat amplexicaul at base, spreading ab-
rubtly above into a rounded-oblong, 3—5-cleft
border. Segm. lanceolate, obtuse, becoming
linear when old and strongly nerved. Shoots
woody, naked at base, often 4 inches long. p.
6,7. Very high. e. and c. Pyr.’—Gr. and G.
p- 140, after Saxifraga ajugifolia,

S. obscura. “ Pedicels shorter than the
Fl. LL. (when fresh) nerveless, disposed in a
rosette at base of the almost filiform stem, 7-
cleft. Segm. lanceolate. Shoots woody, covered
by the old, dry, finely nerved L. p. 7, 8. Vallée
dEynes, e. Pyr.”—Gr. and G.

Messrs. Gr. and G. subdivide this section of
the Saxifrages by the form of the petals. In
geranoides, pedatifida, and pedemontana, the
claw is nearly as long as the blade. In od-
scura, pentadactylis, nervosa, adscendens, aju-
gifolia, pubescens, cespitosa B, exarata, mus-
coides, androsacea, planifoha, sedoides, spon-
hemica and hypnoides, the claw is nearly or to-
tally wanting.

p. 144, after Bupleurum fruticescens,

B. spinosum. “ Differs from B. frutz-
cescens in the shorter, stiffer, more spreading,
and at length spinescent rays of the umbels:
in the smaller umbellules; in the more nume-
rous L. crowded at base of flowering-branches ;
in its stiffer, more numerous, divaricate, inter-
lacing branches. It forms a small bush lke
Alyssum spinosum. 8.8. Cors.—GR. and G.

p. 149, after Sesel coloratum,

S. caruifolium. Partial Bracts numerous,
linear, ciliate, with a broad, white margin.
L. bipinnate, with a narrow oblong outline.
Stalk channeled. Lts. linear, mucronate: the
segments contiguous to the common stalk,
decussate. Stem solitary, erect, finely striate.
Root fusiform, not branched. p. 7. High
dry pastures. Alps of Dau.—Gr. and G.

p. 150, after Ligustecum pyreneum,

L. corsicum. ‘General Bract 1 or 0;
partial 3-5, cuspidate, attenuate. Ribs of the
Fr. harsh and denticulate. Outline of L. ob-
long. Lower L. small, stalked, tripinnate ;
upper sessile, with 2 auricles, on a membra-
nous sheath. Stem erect, covered at base with
the persistent sheaths of the old L. p. 7, 8.
High mountains. Cors.”—Gr. and G.

p- 154, after Pastinaca divaricata,

P. lucida. “Fr. oval. Stripes on inner
face 2, descending to base. LL. neatly reticu-
lato-venose, finely serrulate, pinnate, on a very
thick and spongy stalk. Lts. 3—7, obliquely

oval. Upper L. of branches simple, rhomboid.
Stem furrowed. Sme/l disagrecable. b. 7, 8.
St. Florent, Bastia, Cors.’—Gr. and G.

p. 155, after Laserpitinm gallicum,

GL. Nestleri. ‘ General Bracts 1—3, seta-
ceous, caducous ; partial similar. Fr. oblong,
rounded at base, hairless. Wings equal; the
marginal a little wider than the disc of the
seed. LL. triternate. Segm. oval, often cor-
date at base and 3-lobed, or cuneiform without
lobes. Stalk long, compressed laterally. Mid-
dle and upper L. smaller and less divided, and
sessile on an inflated sheath. Stem erect, finely
striped. p.6. Mountain woods. Pyr. Cev.
&c.”—Gr. and G.

p. 158, after Zorzlis heterophylla,

T. nodosa. Diffuse. Umbels crowded, nearly
sessile, opposite L. General Bracts 0. Pr. of
outer seeds glochidiate; of inner reduced to
tubercles. L. bipinnate, pinnatifid, cise. a.
5, 6. Fields. ;

p. 158, after Hizoselinum meoides,

E. Gagascze. “ Central Umbel of 15-20
smooth rays; lateral smaller and generally
sterile. General and partial Bracts numerous,
setaceous, acuminate. Fr. oval. Marginal
Wings broad, yellow, plaited. lL. minutely
divided into short, linear, acute, channeled seg-
ments; upper almost reduced to an inflated
sheath. Stem round, erect, hairless. p. 6.
Walls. Citadel of St. Florent, Cors.”—Gr.
and G. :

p- 158, after Scandix Pecten-Veneris,

S. hispanica. Beak convex on the faces,
three times as long as fruit. Styles as long as
stylopode. Partial Bracts lineari-oblong, en-
tire. Rays of umbel not more than half as
long as those of S. Pecten-Veneris. a. Culé.
Prov.—Gr. and G.

p- 201, after Anthemis abrotanifola,

A. muricata. L. pinnatipartite. Segm.
mucronate, entire or tripartite. Fr.-stalks
thickened upwards. Phyll. with a broadly sca-
riose margin. Rec. convexo-conical. Chaff
acuminate, deciduous. Seeds with tubercled
stripes, and a very short, dimidiate crown. In
A. abrotanifolia the crown ts complete. a. 5.
Open grassy hills. Caltanisetta, Delia, Sic—
Guss.

p. 365, after Lelwm Martagon,
ALOE.

1. vulgaris. Woody. L. lanceolate, erect,
acuminate, serrato-spinose. F'l.-stalk branched.
Fl. yellow, pendulous. S. 5, 6. Marit. rocks.
Cefali. Milazzo.— Guss.

ADDITIONS. 433

The following may also be added :—
p- 57, after Mehringia papulosa,

IM. glaucovirens. “Densely tufted. L.
lineari-setaceous, short, keeled. Sep. ovato-
lanceolate, keeled, with a solitary nerve. Pet.
lanceolate, about as long as sepals. p.7. High
rocks. Dos Alto, in the Alps of Brixen.”—
BERT.

WE. thomasiana. “ Stems erect, densely
tufted. LL. lear, 3-nerved. Sep. 4 or 5,
lanceolate, finely acuminate, 3-nerved, exceed-
ing petals. p. 7%. Cale. rocks. Grigne on
the L. of Como.”—Brrr.

p. 129, after, Myrtus communis,

IVE. tarentina. Segm. of Cal. very obtuse.
Stalks solitary, one-flowered. Branches hairy.
L. ovate, small, crowded. Berry globose. SS.
7. Naples. Jn M. communis the Segm. of
Cal. are acuminate, and the berry ts ovoid.
The seeds in the present species are also more
numerous, much smaller, and more compressed.
—BERr.

p. 149, after Sesel: Gouanz,
G. General and partial Bracis numerous.

S. lucanum. Root-L. triternate. Ls.
long, filiform. Umbels of many (about 40)
rays. Bracts linear. Fr. oblong, covered
with a stellate pubescence. Furrows with a
single stripe. p. 7. High rocks. Balvani,
Imcania.— BERT.

p. 153, after Pastinaca Opoponax,

RP. Pleischmanni. Stemfurrowed. L.
bipinnate. Lts. opposite, remote, elliptico-lan-
ceolate, pinnatifido-dentate. Inner face of Seed
with 2 stripes. b. 7,8. Rough hills. Castle
hill at Laybach—Kocu.

p. 155, after Laserpitiwm galheum,

L. verticillatum. “Root and lower L.
ternato-tripinnate. its. ovate or oblong, dou-
bly inciso-dentate. Terminal Lt. tritid, on an
entire, decurrent, wedge-shaped base. Upper
Branches often im whorls. Rays of Umbel
smooth, unequal. p. 7, 8. Hell meadows.
Istria.” —Kocu.

p. 165, omit Galixm insubricum, which is a var.
of G. Mollugo.
p. 241, add to Trachelium ceruleum,

B. lanceolatum. U.. lanceolate, acute, slightly
serrate, ctmeate at base. Sic,

p- 246, after Perzploca graca,

P. angustifolia. Stem erect. Branches
somewhat twisting. lL. obversely lineari-lan-
ceolate. Corymbs axillary, on very short stalks.
Anthers acuminate. §. 11-3. Islands on
west of Sic.—Brnrvr.

p- 361, after Narcissus pracoe,

WN. cupularis. Scape 2—6-flowered. Segm.
of Cor. ovato-oblong, apiculate, yvel/ow, three
times as long as the entire, saffron crown. p.
4,5. LIucca.—Berr.

p. 388, add to Fimbristylis dichotoma,

y. cioniana. Stem and L. filiform. Pisa.
—Berrt.

p- 412, after Dactylis glomerata,

D. littoralis. “Stems creeping. Flow-
ering-branches from the knots, nearly solitary,
leafy to the top. LL. rigid, in opposite rows.
Pan. oblong, compact. Inner Glume not half
as long as the spicule. F'lts. 4-10. Outer
Pale narrowed at the top, somewhat emargi-
nate. p. 6-8.’—BeErt. Clayey shores. Mdt.

D. repens. “Stems creeping. Flower-
ing-branches tufted from the knots, naked at
top. L. rigid, in opposite rows. Pan. ovoid,
compact. Inner Glume sometimes as long as
the spicule. Outer Pale enlarged upwards,
emarginate, mucronate. p. 7,8. Sic.’—BERT.
I follow Bertolont in admitting these as two
species, but the numbers and leafiness of the
flowering-branches vary much im the same
plant. .

p. 413, among Festuca, but I do not know ex-
actly where it ought to be placed—

F. depauperata. “Raceme quite sim-
ple. Rachis and stalks of Spicules jointed.
Each stalk terminated by an ovate, compressed,
awnless spicule. p.5. Pastures. Sard.”—
Bert.

p. 417, after Brachypodium tenellum,
B. tuberculosum. “ Spicules alternate.

Outer Pale with 3 nerves, tubercled. a. 4, 5.
Sard.”— BeErt., as Triticum.
p- 419, after Triticum caninum,

T. ligusticum. Hairless. Spicules 6-

flowered, longer than the intervals between
them. Glumes many-nerved. The outer Pale
of the lower Floret of each spicule furnished
with along awn. a.5. Genoa.— Brrr.

434 ADDITIONS.

_ Supply also the following deficiencies among , p. xli., after Lloydia,

the Genera :-— 795*. ALOK. Petals united into a tube,
p- xxxix., after Statice, nectariferous at the base. Capsules 3-celled.

678. ARMERIA. Differs from Statice Seeds with a membranous margin, in two rows
in having the flowers in an involucrate head, | im each cell. Roots bundled. Leaves rigid,
with an inverted, cylindrical sheath. fleshy.

INDEX.

n~

In order to enable the traveller to apply the information he may receive from the botanists of
the country in which he may happen to be, and not spend his time in hunting after plants with
which he is perfectly familiar under other names, I have inserted in this Index, in Italics, the
synonyms of the Authors of the most generally received Floras of the countries within the limits

of this work.
Page.
Abama. Narthecium.
Abies. Pinus.
Abutilon. Sida.
Acacia . 75

ACANTHACES . Bee
Acanthus. . ._ liv., 282

longifolius 282
mollis 282
SPUnOsus . 282
spinosissimus 282
ACERINEE ee OT
Acer xlii., 67
campestre : 67
commutatum. monspes-
sulanum 8 67
Lobelii 67
monspessulanum 67
obtusatum ea: 67
Opalus. opulifolium.
opulifolium . Beet Ol
Opulus 67
platanoides 67
Pseudo-platanus 67
tataricum aka
Aceras Ixxiv., 353
anthropophora . . . 353
Achillea lxix., 202
Ageratum . . . 204
alpina . 202
atrata 203
Barrelieri . 203
chameemilifolia . 203
@lavenne= =. 2s . 1202
clusiana . 203
corymbosa. atrata B 203

compacta, DUBY. lanata.

crustata . 202
decipiens . . 204
decolorans . 202

Page.
A. dentifera, Dusy. tana-
cetifolia.
denudata. Clavenne B 203
Herba-rota . . 202
hybrida . 203
umpunctata. moschata B 203
intermedia. atrata y . 203
lanata . . 203
ligustica . sei meeOo
linearis. Ptarmica y. 202
longifolia . 203
macrophylla . . 202
magna, DC. tanaceti-
folia.
Millefolium . . 203
moschata . 203
mucronulata . 203
mana. . 208
nobilis Bake 204
ochroleuca, RB. nobilis!
odorata : 203
pectinata, RB. nobilis ?
Ptarmica . : . 202
pubescens. Ptarmica B. 202
punctata. . . 208
Seidl, Rs. Millefo-
lium.
serrata . 202
setacea. Matlerolium B. 2038
‘sylvatica . . 208
tanacetifolia . . 204
thomasiana . 5020210
tomentosa . 204
valesiaca . . 202
Achnatherum xxii, 401
Calamagrostis . 401
Achnodonton il 398
bulbosum . . 898
Achyranthes . xxxi., 311

Bik BY

A. argentea .
Achyrophorus . lav.
helveticus
maculatus
pinnatifidus .
Acinos. Calamintha.
Aconitum ..
acuminatum, RB. Na-
pellus pu.
acutum, RB. Nap. 7
ameanum. Napellus ¢

angustifolium, RB. Na-
pellus ¢ . :
Anthora .
autumnale.
bernhardianum,
Napellus
cecum. Napellus 0
Cammarum. variegat.
cernuum, RB. panicul.a
eminens, KocH. Na-
pellus fb
eulophum. rittions B
exaltatum, RB. inter-
medium.
formosum, Rs. Nap. p
Sunkianum, RB. Nap.
hebegynum, DC. pani-
culatum y
hians, Re.

Nap. :
Rs.

Napellus E

hoppeanum, RB. Na-

pellus ¢ Beal
Jacquint. Anthora a
intermedium .

koellanum, RB. Nap. v vy
letum, Rs. Napellusr

laxum, Rs. Napellus.
Lycoctonum .
molle, RB. panicul, B

Page.
. dll
175
. 175

436 INDEX.

Page. Page.

-A. multifidum, RB. Nap.6 10) Adonis . h., 3
Myoctonum, RB. Ly- ESSINAS 6) 4G) g 6 6

coctonum y . - 10} ambigua, Gav. esti-
Napellus . 10 valis.
nasutum. variegatum B 10) autumnalis . . . . 3
nemorosun. ‘Anthora 7 9 citrina, DC. flammea.
neubergense, RB. Na- cupaniana, GUSS. esti-
WAITS AS olic 6 a AO valis.
pallidum. Lycocto- dentata 4,
num 6. . . 10] distorta 4
paniculatum. . . 10] flammea . 3
palmatyidum, RB. in- flava 3
termedium. micrantha 3
pyramidale, RB. Na- pyrenaica . 4
pellus 8 10{| — vernalis Paes ai
pyreneum, RB. Lycoe- Adoxa . Sa extives Gil
tonum ¢€ 10} Moschatellina . 161
rostratum, RB. varie- ZGgilops xix., 419
gatum + . . 10] caudata . 419
Sterkianum. interme- cylindrica. caudata.
dium. incurvata, LINN. Lep-
strictum, RB. Nap.o 10 turus incurvatus.
tauricum, RB. Nap.o 10{ neglecta . 419
Thely yphonum, Rs. a ovata . . . 419
coctonum B . . 10| squarrosa, DC. caudata.
variegatum . 10} — triaristata 419
Vulparia, Rs. Lycoct. a a 10} triticoides 419

Acorus . xlii., 8378 | — triuncialis 419
Calamus . . . 378| Atsculus 67

Actea . xlix., 10} Hippocastanum . 5 OL
spicata sa. a UO Taye 5 0, Os)

Actinocarpus. Alisma. Aatheorhiza . . lxvii., 189

Adenarium. Alsine. bulbosa oo diet)

Adenocarpus . lxi., 80:| Algomarathrum xxxviil., 160
Bivonee 80} Libanotis . . 160
commutatus . : 80| pterochlena . . 160
complicatus, GR. & G. Aigopodium xxxiv., 147

divaricatus. Podagraria . . . . 147
divaricatus i 80 | Atthionema 5g Whats 1a
grandiflorus, GR. & G. gracile, Re. saxatile.

telonensis. saxatile 17
intermedius . . 80} thomasianum ly,
parvifolius, DUBY. “di- Aathusa . xxxv., 148

varicatus. cynapioides . 148
telonensis 80} Cynapium . 148

Adenophora . XXX., | 941 Meum. Meum athamant.
suaveolens 241| Agave . xl., 362

Adenostyles . izx., 212 americana 5g OO
albida, Rs. albifrons. Agraphis. Hyacinthus.
albifrons . . 212} Agrimonia . xlvii., 120
alpina. . . 212} agrimonioides, LINN.
hybrida ~. . 212 Spallanzania agrimo-
leucophylla . 212 nioides.

Adiantum . Ixxxil., 426 | Eupatoria . 120
Capillus-Veneris . 426) odorata 5g aw)
odorum, DuBy. Chei- repens, RB. odorata ?

Janthes odora. | Agropyrum. ‘Triticum.

australis, LINN. Gas-
tridium lendigerum.
Calamagrostis, Linn.
Arundo lanceolata.
canina .
capillaris, Guss.
nifera.
comosa
decumbens, Duy. sto-
lonifera.
elegans. . :
Srondosa, Guss. “alba 8

stolo-

Page.
Agrostemma. Lychuis.
AGROSTIDER . 894, 399
Agrostis xxi., 399
alba . 400
alpina . . 400
alpina, DuBY. rupestris.
arundinacea. Arundo
sylvatica.

. 400

. 400

. 400
400

glaucescens, Guss. alba y

glaucina . . 400
interrupta - 400
maritima. alboe . . 400
miliacea, Linn. Pipta-
therum multiflorum.
minima, LINN. Knap-
pia minima.
nitens . . 399
pallida. eee 400
pilosa, Guss. Arundo
tenella.
pulchella. . . . 400
pungens. Vilfa pungens.
purpurea, GAU. Spica-
Venti.
pusillaeeey ieee aOO
rubra, DUBY. canina.
Tupestris . : . 400
rupestris, DUBY. alpina.
setacea : . 400
Spica-Venti . . . 400
stolonifera. albaB . 400
straminea. alba ¢ . . 400
verticillata . 399
vulgaris . 400
Aira. . xxi, 4038
etnensis, GUSS. articu-
lata.
agrostidea . 403
alpina . een 403
aquatica. Catabrosa
aquatica.
articulata . . . 403
cespitosa. . Deschamp-
sia ceespitosa.
canescens . . 403 -

Page.
A. capillaris . 408
caryophyllea . 403
cristata. Koeleria crist.
cupaniana . . 403
discolor. flexuosa.
flexuosa. . 403
globosa . 408

grandiflora, Burr. Koe-

leria setacea.
hirsuta. Koeleria hirs.
insularis . . 403
Lagasce . . 408
media. Deschampsia
juncea.
minuta . 403
multiculmis . . 403
oryzetorum . . 403
preecox sere 403
pubescens, BERT. Koe-
leria villosa.
spicata. Trisetum sub-
spicatum.
subspicata. Trisetum
subspicatum.
Tenorii . 408
uliginosa . 6 . 408
valesiaca, BERT. Koe-
leria valesiaca.
wibeliana, Kocn. Des-
champsia wibeliana.
Airochloa. Koeleria.
Airopsis. Aiva.
Aizoon . xlviii., 135
hispanicum . elo
Ajuga . liv., 297
acaulis 5 3 as
alpina. genevensis.
Chameepitys . 298
chia . 298
foliosa, GAU. genevensis.
genevensis
Iva . 298

montana, RB. genevensis.
orientalis . :
. 298

Pseudo-Iva. Iva B
pyramidalis . 3 eT
reptans . 297
AJUGES . . li, liv., 296
Albersia. Amaranthus.
Albucea, RB. Ornithogalum.
Alchemilia xxv., 120
alpina . Meinl eile
hybrida, DUBY. vulgaris.
Aphanes. arvensis.
arvensis . . 120
conjuncta . 120
fissa S20)

INDEX.

Page.
A. pentaphylla . . 121
pubescens . 120
pyrendica. fissa.
vulgaris . 120
Aldrovanda . . xxxix., 42
vesiculosa . . 42
Alectorolophus. Rhinan-
thus.
ALISMACE® - . 845
Alisma . . xii, 345
Damasonium . . 845
graminifolium. Plan-
tago vy . . . 845
lanceolatum. Planta-
go B 345
Navansiee eee. 345
parnassifolium . 345
Plantago . . 845
ranuncwloides . 045
repens. ranunculoides B 345
Alliaria . lix., 26
officinalis . : 26
Allium . xli., 369
acutangulum . 370
acutiflorum . 370
album. vneapolitanum.
ambiguum, DC. ochro-
leucum.
ambiguum, GUSS. ro-
seum.
Ampeloprasum . . 369
angulosum. fallax.

arenarium, GAU. vineale.
arenarium, SM. Scoro-

doprasum.
arvense, GUSS. sphee-
roceyhalum 8 . 869
ascendens . 370
Babingtonii . . 870
carinatum Mimketolie
carneum. roseum B . 371
Chamzmoly . . 370
Coppolerii . 372
Cupani OPMENT OS
danubiale, Rp. fallax.
descendens, PaRL. . . 369
descendens, Kocu. vi-
neale B.
fallax 230
flavum Bs aera
flecum. roontanum
foliosum, RB. Scheno-
prasum.
grandiflorum. naxcissi-
florum.
mtermedium, DuUBY.

paniculatum ?

437
Page.
A. ligusticum. — pallens ?

magicum. nigrum B . 371
margaritaceum . . 869
maritimum, GUSS. pu-

sillum.
Moly . at MERON
montanum, BERT. pa-

nicwatum.
montanum . 872
moschatum . . 372
multibulbosum . . 371
multiflorum. . . . 370
narcissiflorum 371
neapolitanum . 871
nebrodense, Guss. flav.
nigrum 371
nutans, GUSS. trique-

trum ?
ochroleucun . . o71
oleraceum . 872
Ophioscorodon. sativum.
pallens . 372
paniculatum . 372
parciflorum . . 372
pedemontanum . . 370
pendulinum . . 371
permixtum . 871
Porrum . 370
pusillum . . 372
roseum . 371
rotundum 5 OND
Ssardoumy 9 Weesmseo (0
sativum . 370
saxatile ‘ . 372
Schoenoprasum . . 372
Scorodoprasum 370
senescens, DUBY. fallax.
sibiricum . 4 16 OY
siculum . . 5 6 yi
spheerocephalum. . 369
strictum . . 370
suaveolens . 371
subhirsutum . . 371
trifoliatum 5 Byfll
triquetrum 371

tenuiflorum. paniculatum,

uwrsinum . 5 Bif(ll
vernale BOW Al
Victorialis 5 BAD)
vineale 0 . 369
Allosorus . Ixxxi., 426
crispus oo SHG)
Alnus . lxxvi., 342
cordata, DuBY. cordi-
folia.
cordifolia . . 342
glutinosa . . 842

438

Page.
A. ineana 342
pubescens 342
suaveolens, DUBY. wiridis®
viridis . 842
Aloe. . 484
vulgaris . 432
Alopecurus xxi., 398
_ agrestis . 398
alpinus . 398
bulbosus . . 399
fulvus . . 399
geniculatus . 399
Gerardi 11899
nigricans . . 399
pratensis . . 398
utriculatus 5 6 OY)
ALSINE : 4d, 53
Alsine . xlvi., 58
Arduini wea Es Unk eal
arvatica, Guss. tenui-
folia.
aretioides . 54
austriaca . 54
biflora . 54
cerastiifolia . 54

Cherleri, GR. & G. Cher-
leria bedaides

diandra PG Nt abe ay
fasciculata. fastigiata.
fastigiata . 55
Gerardi MnP OA
heterosperma, . Guss.
salina ? 54
hispida a io io) BB
Jacquint. fastigiata.
lanceolata 54
laricifolia 54
liniflora 54
macrorhiza 53
marginata, RB. marina.
marina 53
media, GUSS. aeetin,
peploides . 54,
procumbens . 54.
radicans . 53
recurva . . 54
Rosani, GUSS. Ar ahha,
rostrata 55
rubella 54,
rubra. . 53
salina . 53
sedoides . 54.
segetalis . 53
ectaced * SeOD.
striata, GR. & G. lari-
Erol!
stricta 54

INDEX.
Page
A. subulifolia, Guss. ten-
uifolia.
tenuifolia . : 55
umbellata. Holosteum
umbellatum.
verna . 54
Villarsii . valent
Althea polxanoo
cannabina 63
hirsuta 63
Ludwigii . 63
narbonensis . 63
officinalis . 63
pallida 64
rosea . 64
tauuinensis 5 ol OB
ALYSSINEX lvi., lvii., 17
Alyssum. (See also Ko-
niga.) lvii., 18
alpestre 18
argenteum 18
calycinum 1®
campestre 19
compactum . 19
corsicum . 18
cuneifolium . 19
diffusum, TEN. monte
num B 19
edentulum, Re. gemo-
nense.
flexicaule . 19
gemonense HLS
hirsutum, RB. cam-
pestre.
incanum, GAU. Ber-
teroa incana.
leucadeum. orientale.
medium . 18
minimum 19
montanum 5 19
murale, RB. ar genteum.
nebrodense 18
orientale . Re tial te}
petreum, KOCH. gemo-
nense.
robertianum, Gr. & G.
alpestre . 428
rupestre, BERT. Coch-
learia saxatilis.
saxatile 2 AERA AS
sinuatum, RB. Vesi-
caria sinuata.
tortuosum, RB. alpestre.
wulfenianum .
AMARANTHACE® . . oll
Amaranthus. Ixxvi., 311
albus . 5 OUI

: Page.
A. adscendens. Blitum.
Blitum : o oli
chlorostachys . sill
patulus. chlorostachys ?
polygonoides . dll
prostratus . dll
retroflexus . dll
spicatus, RB. retro-
flexus.
strictus . 312
sylvestris . . dll
viridis, RB. sylvestris.
AMARYLLIDEA . . . 860
Amaryllis. Sternbergia.
AMBROSIEE . lxiy., 286
Ambrosia . . lxxvi., 236
maritima . 236
Ambrosinia . Ixxvii., 378
Bassii . . . 378
maculata . . 878
reticulata . of8
Amelanchier. Aronia.
AMENTACE A 34 BOE
Ammannia xxv., 127
verticillata . 127
Ammi . xxxiv., 145
crinitum . . 146
glaucifolium . . 145
intermedium . 145
majus . . 145
Visnaga . 145
AMMINER . xxxill., 143
Ammophila . xxi., 402
arenaria . . 402
arundinacea, BERT. a-
renaria.
baltica . 402
AMPELIDE® 68
Ampelodesmos . xxi., 402
tenax 402
Ampelopsis . xxx., 68
hederacea . . 68
quinquefolia. hederacea.
AMYGDALEA . 111
Amyegdalus . Xlviil., 111
communis > JUL
nana . . lil
persica Bran pil
Anacamptis. Orchis.
Anacyclus lxix., 201
clavatus . . 201
officinalis . . 201
pallescens . 202
pubescens, RB. tomen-
tosus.

purpurascens. radiatus 8 202
radiatus . 202

Page. Page.
A.tomentosus . . 202 | A. carnea . 300
valentinus . 202] Chamejasme . 300
Anagallis . . Xxvil., 299] ciliata. . 300
arvensis . 299] — cylindrica . 299
cerulea . 299! elongata . . 300
collina . 299{ glacialis . . 800
crassifolia . 299} Heerii . 800
pheenicea, GAU. arvensis. helvetica . . 299
tenella ssi isy 299) imbricata’. . 300
verticillata, arvensis. lactea . . 300
Anagyris . xliv., 75 maxima . 800
foetida . Ge Ved acne At nana . . 800
neapolitana. feetida. obtusifolia ee 300)
Anarrhinum . lv., 263) pennina, Gav. glacialis.
bellidifotium . . 263] pubescens: . . 300
Anchusa . . Xxvi., 256} —pyrenaica . 300
aggregata . 257) septentrionalis . . 800
angustifolia. officinalis 8 256} — villosa - 1/2800
arvalis, RB. officinalis. vitaliana. Gregoria vital.
arvensis, Guss. Lyc- Androsemum. Hypericum.
opsis arvensis. Andryala . . lxvi., 180
azurea, RB. italica. cossyrensis . 180
Barrelieri 257} dentata . 180
Capelli 257 | mcana, DUBY. ragusina.
crispa. . . . . . 256! integrifolia . 180
hybrida. wndulata B . 256 lanata, Guss. Hiera-
italica. Aviat 257 cium lanatum.
leptophylla 256| lyrata, DuBY. ragu-
lutea . 257 sina B . 180
officinalis . Siig 200')) Yagusina. .- 180
paniculata, RB. italica. sinuata 180
sempervirens . . . 257} tenuifolia 180
tenctoria, RB. Lithos- undulata, GuSS. inte-
permum tinctorium. grifohia B . . 180
undulata . . . 256] Anemone . li, 2
varregata. Lycopsis alpina . pene Aire
variegata. Eye 6 26 6
Andrachne Ixxviil., 325 baldensis . Sau ero
telephioides . 325 | dogenhardtiana. RB.
Andromeda xlv., 242 Pulsatilla.
calyculata. Cassandra, coronaria . Hen Oo
calyculata. Sulgens. pavoninaB . 3
pelifolia . 242} Hackelit, Kocu. Hal-
Andropogon. xx., 395 leri.
Allroniigee) hy), 895 || Haller bv east Oe,
angustifolius. Ische- Hepatica 005.) mtiy 13
mum. hortensis . Sie Sh nic
distachyon 395| lilacina, Sw. Pulsa-
Gryllus 23895 tilly: Ree ete anniv aos |i
hirtus. . . . . . 395| millefoliata, Berv. al-
Ischeemum 395 pinas . ONE pl 8
pubescens eee Ooi Montana fMN4e2S
ANDROPOGONEX . 394, 395 narcissiflora . ap ats:
Androsace xxvull., 299 NEMOLOSAaaey a yee OS
alpina, GAU. pubescens. palmata . 3
bryoides, Dusy. helve- patens 3
tica. pavonina . 3

INDEX,

439

Page.

A. pratensis. Pulsatilla,

Pulsatilla . 3
ranunculoides yi3
sulphurea. alpmay. 3
stellata, DuBY. hortensis.
sylvestris . 3
trifolia ¥ Retneee
VEINALIS) eri ry Goh) pee eemMI:

ANEMONEA ny) et

Anethum . xxxvi., 154
graveolens . 154
segetum . 154

Angelica . xxxvi., 151
aquilegifolia, Siler tri-

lobum.

Archangelica. Archan-
gelica officinalis.

montana . Ryeea ibid!
nemorosa,. sylvestris.

pyrenea . . 151
Razoulsii . . 15]
scabra . 151
sylvestris . slo

ANGELICE® XXxii. xxxvi., 151
ANOMALE . Ea ara. 27 (0)
Antennaria. Gnaphalium.
ANTHEMIDE® Ixviii. lxix., 199

Anthemis . . lxix., 199
abrotanifolia . . 201
eetnensis . . 200
agrestis. axvensis.
alpina . . 201
altissima . . 200
anglica . 201
arvensis . . 200
aurea . . 200
austriaca . . 201
Chamomilla . . 199
chia . 200
clavata . 199
Cota .. . 201
Cotula . 201
erucifolia . . 200
fuseata . 201
incrassata . 199
intermedia, GUSS. se-

cundiramea ?
Kitatbelli, RB. mon-
tana.
maritima . . 200
mixta . S20
montana . oe 200
mucronulata, RB. mon-
tana.
muricata . . 432
nobilis . 200
peregrina . - 200

440 INDEX.
Page. Page.
A. petraea . 200} A. latifolium . 268
punctata, GUSS. mon- majus . . 263
tana. molle . . 263
ruthenica . . 201) Orontium . 263
secundiramea . 200] sempervirens . 264
sphacelata . 199} siculum . 263
tinctoria . - 201} tortuosum . 263
Triumfetti . 201 | Apargia. Leontodon.
Anthericum . xli., 365 | Apera. Agrostis.
fugax . . 365 | Aphanes. Alchemilla.
Liliago . 365 | Aphyllanthes xli., 374
Liliastrum. Paradisia monspeliensis . 374
Liliastrum. Apium . .xxxiv., 147
ramosum . . 365] graveolens . . 147
serotinum. Lloydia se- Petroselinum.* Petro-
rotina. selinum sativum.
Anthoxanthum . xvil., 397 | Aplophyllum. Ruta.
gracile . . 397 | APOCYNES . . 245
odoratum . . . 897| Apocynum XXxi., 245
Anthriscus xxxvil., 158 venetum . ~ . 245
alpestris. sylvestris B 159} Aposeris . Ixv., 174
alpinus. sylvestrisy . 159} feetida . 174
Cerefolium i . 159} Aquilegia . lulocdlntees
Cicutaria, DuBY. Che- alpma. lt 8
rophyllum hirsutum? atrata, KocH. vulgaris y 8
fumarioides . _159| Bernhardi . . . . 428
longirostris. Cheeroph. henkiana, Kocn. vul-
sativum. PEM (Big 86 ho 1g. 8
nemorosa . - . 159) egricans, Re. vulg. y
nodosa, RB. Physo- platysepala, Re. vulg.
caulis nodosus. pyrenaica . . 8
sicula . 159} Sternbergu, Rs. heon-
sylvestris . 158 kiana.
torquata . 59} ee vaSCosay iis.) ieee nS
trichosperma DSO} eal saris) ey winrar elena
vulgaris . _. . 159} ARABIDEE . lvi. lix., 28
Anthyllis . . Ixii., 82] Arabis . . Ix., 30
alpestris.. Vulneraria. albida . 30
Barba-Jovis. . . . 82] Alblioni 30
cytisoides ° §2{ alpina 30
erinacea . 82] arenosa 31
Gerardi 82] auriculata 30
Hermannze 82} bellidifolia 31
' maritima, RB. Vulner. brassiciformis 30
montana . 82] cebennensis . 31
tetraphylla 82} ciliata. 31
Vulneraria : §2| ceerulea lin 31
vulnerarioides, RB. iva collina, GuSS. morales!
neraria. cranziana, RB. petrea.
ANTIRRHINED . 262, 363 crispata, RB. alpina.
Antirrhinum lv., 262} Gerardi 30
See also Linaria. Halleri 31
Asarina . 264} hirsuta see 30
belludifolium, Gav. A- imeand. auriculata.
narrh. bellidif. longisiliqua . 31
grandiflorum. Oron- muralis : 31
tum B . . . . 263] xemorensis, RB. sagittata ?

Page.
A.ovirensis. Halleriy . 31

pedemontana . . 32

perfolrata, GAU. Tur-

ritis glabra.

petreea 31

procurrens 31

pumila . 31

sagittata . 30

saxatilis ‘| 50 Bh)

scabra, RB. pumila.

schiwereckiana . 31

serpyllifolia . 31

stellulatap eee:

stolonifera. Nalleri B 31

stricta : 30

Thaliana. Sisym. Tha-

lianum.

Turrita 31

verna . 30

vochinensis 5 oll
ARALIACE . 161
Arbutus . xlv., 241

alpina. Axctostaphy-

los alpina.

turbinata, RB. Unedo.

Unedo : 241

Uva-Ursi. eercera

phylos Uva-Ursi.
Archangelica . xxxvi., 151

officinalis . 5 5
Arctium . lxxn., 219

Dalechampu. Berardia

subacaulis.

lanuginosum. Berardia

subacaulis.

Lappa . 5 GY)

minus . . 220

tomentosum . . 220
Arctostaphylos. xlv., 242

alpina . 50 6 Cees

officinalis. Uva-Ursi.

Uva- Ursi . . . 242
Aremonia. Spallanzania.
Arenaria . xlvi., 55

aggregata. tetraquetra.

Arduinit. Alsine Ar-

duini.

austriaca. Alsine aus-

triaca.

balearica 5B.

bavarica, BERT. Mcch-

ringia Pone.

biflora’ Bie wieubenill aa)

cerastufolia. Alsine

eerastiifolia.

ciliata 55

cinerea 55

A. conimbrensis .

controversa, Gr. & G.

conimbrensis.
Fasciculata. Alsine fas-
tigiata.
Sastigiata. Alsine fas-
tigiata.
Gerardi. Alsine verna.
grandiflora

hispida, Alsine hispida.

lanceolata. Alsine lan-
ceolata.

laricifolia. Alsine lari-
cifolia.

ligericina .

liniflora. Alsine verna.

macrocarpa. Alsine la-
ricifolia.

macrorhiza. Als. mac-
rorhiza.

marina. Alsine marina.

Marschlinsii . :

massiliensis, GR. & G.
Gouffeia arenarioid.

media. Alsine marina.

modesta .

montana .

mucronata. Alsine 1 Yos-
trata.

multicaulis, RB. ciliata.

norvegica . shore

peploides. Aisine pe-
ploides.

polygonoides. Mceh-
ringia polyg.

procumbens. Alsine
procumbens.

purpurascens

recurva. Als, recurva.

rubra. Alsine rubra.

Salzmanni . Bee

segetalis. Alsine sege-
talis.

serpyllifolia .

setacea. Alsine setacea.

spherocarpa, GUSS. ser-
pyllifolia.

striata. Alsine Iarici-
folia.

tenuifolia.
nuifolia.

tetraquetra

triflora. grandiflora B

trmervia. Meehringia
trinervia.

uligimosa. Als. stricta.

verna. Alsine verna.

Alsine te-

Page.
56

55

55

55

56
56

INDEX.
Page.
A. Villaru, Bert. Alsine
Villarsii.
Villarsia. Alsine Vill.
villosa, RB. Mehringia
villosa.
Aretia. Androsace.
Argyrolobium, Gr. & G.
Cytisus.
Arisarum. Arum.
Aristella, Brrr. Stipa.
Aristida xxil., 401
Adscensionis . . 401
cerulescens. Adseen.
ARISTOLOCHIED . 824
Aristolochia . exe 324
altissima . . 324
Clematitis . 824
longa. . . 824
TaPA Gav. pallida
pallida . 324
Pistolochia . 824
rotunda DOU ICAN eu re
sicula, Guss. pallida?
Armeniaca. Prunus.
Armeria 307, 434
alliacea THs7308
alpina . . 808
arenaria. plantaginea 5 308
cephalotes. plantag. 8 308
denticulata 3 308
elongata . _ 308
fasciculata . 307
Gussonii . . 808
Halleri . 807
juncea . . B08
Koehii . 808
leucantha . . 807
leucocephala . . 808
macropoda . 809
magellensis . . 808
maritima . . 807
Morisii . 308
nebrodensis . . 808
plantaginea . . 808
pubescens . 807
pubigera . . 307
pubinervis 5 ee)
purpurea. elongata B 308
ruscinonensis . 807
sardoa SS 1G
scorzonerifolia. plan-
taginea B . . 808
Soleirollii . 807
vulgaris, RB. elongata.
Armoracia. @achlcara:
Arnica. lxx., 207

corsica, Avonicum cors.
Bie

{

441

Page.
A. Doronicum, Gav. Aro-
nicwn Doronicum.

montana . 5 LAU
scorpioides. Ayonicum
scorpioides.

Aynopogon. Urospermum.

Arnoseris . lxv., 174
minima. pusilla.
pusilla . 174

AROIDE& . 378

Aronia . xlyiii., 124
Amelanchier, RB. ro-

tundifolia.
cretica. rotundifolia.
rotundifolia . . 124

Aronicum . Ixx., 207
Bauhini. Doronicum.
Clusiz. Doronicum.
corsicum . . 207
Doronicum . 207

glaciale . 207

lotifolinm, Rs. scorpi-
oides.

scorpioides . 207

Arrhenatherum. xxii., 406
avenaceum . 406
bulbosum. avenaceum.
elatius. avenaceum.
Thorei an AG:

Artemisia . . lxxi., 218
Abrotanum . . . 214
Absinthium . 215
achilleifolia 215
arborescens . 215
argentea . 215
austriaca . . 214
ceerulescens . 213
campestris 213
camphorata . 215
chameemilifolia . 214
corymbosa, DUBY. cam-

phorata.

crithmifolia . 214
densiflora path 213
ertantha. spicata B . 214
gallica. maritima y . 213
glacialis . 215
glutinosa . bp Coke
helvetica, RB. nana.

. insipida 214.
laciniata . 214
lanata 214
maritima . 213
mutellina . 214
nana ae eee 214
nana. campestrisB . 213
narbonensis . 213

442

Page.
A. nitida. lanatay . 34
paniculata 4 PAB
pedemontana. lanataB 214
pontica . 214
procera . 214
rupestris . 5 6) fa cule)
saligna. variabilis B . 213
salina. maritimaB . 213
saxatilis, RB. camph.
scoparia . . . 214
spicata . 214
tanacetifolia . . 214
valesiaca. maritima 5 213
variabilis . . 213
vulgaris . 214
ARTEMISIES ~ lxxi., 213
Arthrolobium . Ixii., 101
ebracteatum . . 101
repandum . 101
scorpioides . 101
Arum lxxvil., 378
Arisarum . 878
Colocasia . 878
crinitum. . . 878
cylindricum . . 378
Dracunculus . . 378
italicum . . 878
maculatum . 878
muscivorum. crimitum.
pictum . 378
proboscideum . 378
tenuifolium . 21318
vulgare. rnaculatim.
ARUNDINACES . . 394, 401
Arundo . . xxi, 401
altissima . . . 402
Ampelodesmos. Am-
pelodesmos tenax.
arenaria. Psamma are-
naria.
baltica. Psamma balt.
Calamagrostis 401
Donax 402
Epigejos . 401
halleriana 401
littorea 401
mauritanica. Ampelo-
desmos tenax.
mauritanica, Guss. pli-
niana.
montana . no oo 5 AY
Phragmites. Phragm.
communis.
pliniana, Pliniu.
Plinii . ; . 402
Pseudo - Phragmites,
Gau._ littorea.

INDEX.

A. speciosa.
rum Calamagrostis.
stricta . ‘
sylvatica .
tenella
Asarum
europeeum
Asclepias .
Cornuti :
Sruticosa. Gomphoear-
pus fruticosus.
ASPARAGED
Asparagus
acutiflorus
albus .
amarus.
aphyllus .
horridus .
marinus, RB.
officinalis .
scaber .
tenuifolius
Asperugo .
procumbens .
Asperula .
Aparine
aristata. cynanchica 8
arvensis .
canescens .
commutata, GUSS.
mentosa.
cynanchica
galioides. .
hexaphylla
hirta .
levigata .
longiflora . :
molluginoides. Crucia-
nella molluginoides.
montana. cynanchica.
neglecta .
nitens.
odorata
pumila :
rivalis, RB. Aparine.
rupestris .
scabra, GUSS.
chica.
suberosa .
taurina
tinctoria .
tomentosa
Asphodelus
albus .
creticus, BERT.
nicus.
fistulosus .

. xivii.,

. XXXIL,

xli.,
scaber.

scaber.

. XXVIL.,

ARRAY e5

to-

cyuanchica

cynan-

ai,
iE

Page
Achnathe-

. 402
. 402
. 401

324

. 324

246

. 246

. 362

362

. 862
. 362

. 862
. 362

. 862
. 862
. 362

252

. 252

163

. 164

163

. 163
. 168

. 163
. 164
. 164
. 164
- 168
. 163

. 164

163
164

. 164
. 164
. 164

. 163
. 163

. 164
365
365

. 365

Page.
A. liburnicus . 865
luteus . . 365
ramosus . . . . . 865
Aspidium. See Polysti-
chum, Lastrea, and
Cystea.
ASPLENIER . Ixxxi., 424
Asplenium . Ixxxi., 424
Adiantum nigrum . . 425
alternifolium . . . 425
brachyphyllum, Guss. 425
Breynii . 425
Filix-foemina. " Athy-
rium Filix-fceemina.
fissum Beco 2s)
fontanum. Athyrium
fontanum.
germanicum. alternifo-
hun.
Hallert. Athyrium font.
lanceolatum . - 425
marinum . . 425
Matthioli » » 424
microphyllum, Guss.
Trichomanes.
obovatum . 425
pulosum . . 425
Ruta-muraria . 424
septentrionale . 425
Trichomanes . . 425
Virgil . 425
viride . a2.
Aster lxvi., 197
acris. Galatella punc-
tata.
alpinus. . 197
amelloides, RB. Ammels
lus,
Amellus . 3 Ley
annuus. Stenactisannua.
brachyglossus. alpinus B 197
brumalis . Eh Gea ed Oe
lanceolatus, RB. parvi-
florus.
leucanthemus 5 ey
Novi-Belgii . 3 UY
pannonicus, Rp. Tri-
polium ?
parviflorus : . 197
Pseudo-Amellus. Amel-
lus B o| o LB
punctatus, RB. Gala-
tella punctata.
pyreneus . 197
salignus . > a AA
serotinus, DuBY. Novi-
Belgu.

Page.
A. Tripolium . 197
ASTERINEA . Ixviii., 196
Asteriscus. Buphthalmum
aquaticum.

Asterocephalus. Scabiosa.
Asterolinum. Linun.

ASTRAGALEE . o 6. WO
Astragalus lxili., 97
alopecuroides 5 o OY
arenarius . 98
argenteus . 98
aristatus . 99
asper . 99
austriacus 98
bayonensis 98
beeticus 99
Bonanni, Guss. depres-
sus P
campestris. Oxytropis
campestris.
eaprinus . 99
Cicer... 99
contortuplicatus. 99
depressus . 99
epiglottis . 99
exscapus . 99
Gilanxigee 98
Glycyphyllos 99
hamosus . 99
hypoglottis . 98
incanus 100
jeontinus . a 6 1 Oe)
massiliensis, Traga-
cantha.
monspessulanus 100
narbonensis . 99
Onobrychis . - 98
pentaglottis. . 98
Pseudo- oe ee 99
purpureus 98
sesameus 98
siculus 99
sirinicus . 99
Stella 98
sulcatus 98
Tragacantha 99
vesicarius é 98
virgatus, RB. argenteus,
Woultenit ee. 100
Astrantia . xxxill., 142
carniolica . ~ » 142
Epipactis. Wacquetia
Epipactis.
gracilis 3 . 142
intermedia, RB. major ?
major . 142
minor . 142

INDEX. 4A3
Page. Page.
A. pauciflora . 142] A. prostrata, Bax. tri-
Astrocarpus . xlvii., 42 angularis ?
Clusit. sesamoides ? rosea . ~ Gill
sesamoides . 42] steula . 5 BLT
Astrolobium. See Arthro- tatarica . 316
lobium. Tornabeni » Cle
Athamanta . xxxv., 149] triangularis . . 316
cretensis . . . 149] veneta . 317
Ltbanotis. Libanotis Atropa . Xxix., 258
montana. Belladonna . 258
macedonica. Mandragora. Mandra-
Matthioli . 150 gora officinarum.
sicula . . 149} Aubrietia . lvii., 18
Athyrium Ixxxi., 4.24 Columnze 18
Filix-foemina . 424] deltoidea . ot 1G)
fontanum . . 424; Avena . xxill., 404.
wriguum. Telectoane R424 atroides, DuByY. 'Trise-
Atractylis . lxxii., 228 tum subspicatum.
cancellata . 228] alba . 406
humilis . 228} alpestris . . 405
radiciflora . 228; alpina. . 406
Atragene . ee 1 amethystea . . 405
alpina. 4-. -. -. 1} argentea. distichophylla.
Atriplex . xxx, 315] aurata, RB. Agrostis
alba, RB. rosea. alpina.
arenaria - 817! brevis . : . 406
angustifolia . . 816} capillaris. Aira capil.
Babingtonii . . 816} caryophyllacea. Aira
Bocconi . 317 caryophyllacea.
calotheca . - 816} Cavanillesii. Trisetum
campanulata . 5 ally Cavanillesii.
deltoidea . 816} condensata. Trisetum
elongata . . 317 condensatum.
erecta . 816} distichophylla. Triset.
farinosa . . 317 distichophyllum.
flavescens . 317} —elatior. Arrhenatherum
Halimus . . 317 elatius.
hastata TOG)" tallaxae . 405
hortensis . SOG] tatuaye.n we . . 406
laciniata . 317 | jfiltifolia. striata B. . 405
latifolia, Kocu. ‘hastata. Jjiavescens. -'Trisetum
littoralis . . 316 flavescens.
macrodira . 317| fragilis. Gaudinia fra-
marina . 316 gilis.
microsperma . 816} gracihs, Brrr. Trise-
microtheca . 316 tum gracile.
nitens 316} hirsuta : . 406
oppositifolia. deltoid. be. lanata, DuBY. Holeus
patula. hastata. lanatus.
pedunculata, Walimus longifolia . 406 -
pedunculatus. leflingiana. Trisetum
platysepala 317 Cavanillesii.
polymorpha, Coss. has- lucida . oY paeeeOD
tata, &e. mollis, DuBy. Holeus
polysperma . 5 Oly mollis.
portulacoides. Halimus myriantha, BERT. Tri-
portulacoides. setum myrianthum.

aL 2

444.

A. neglecta. Trisetum
neglectum.
nuda
odorata.
borealis.
orientalis .
panicea, DUBY. Trise-
tum neglectum.
Parlatorii :
parviflora. 'Trisetum
parviflorum.
planiculmis
precox. Aira precox.
preusta, RB. alpma.
pratensis .
pubescens
sativa . .
scheuchzeria, Rs. ver-
sicolor.
sedenensis
sempervirens
setacea
sterilis
striata
strigosa Rs
subspicata. Trisetum
subspicatum.
tenuis. 'Trisetum tenue.
Thorei. Arrhen. Thorei.

Hierochloa

trisperma, RB. sativa.

versicolor . . .

villosa. Trisetum vill.
AVENACEE 395,
Azalea . 5 SSA

procumbens .
BALANOPHORESE .
Ballota liti.,

fetida. nigra.

frutescens

italica =.

mE, Gog) 8 GO

ruderahs. nigra B

saxatilis, Guss. italica.
spinosa, Bert. frutes-
cens.
urticifolia
BALSAMINEX
Balsamita, DuBY.
ageratifolia. Plagius
ageratifolius.
annua. Lonas inodora.
Audibertu. Tanacetum
Audiberti.
major. 'Tanacetum
Balsamita.

virgata. Plagius virgatus.

. 406

_ 405
_ 405

| 405
_ 406

- 406

. 243
. 828
. 295
. 295

. 295
. 295

. 295

Page.

406

403
243

295

71

INDEX.
Page.
Barbarea . Pilz 29
arcuata. vulgaris B . 29
bracteosa . og oy)
intermedia Meher bey are)
patula, GR. & G. ee
preecox
TOGO Shes 5 6) a oe)
sicula . 3 0) eo)
SURICLA MEE esa eee
taurica. vulgaris B.
vulgaris Betion eer, CS
Barkhausia . Ixvii., 191
albida . . 191
alpestris . 191
alpina . 5 NOI

aparguovdes, Deny.
Willemetia aparg.
balbisiana. bursifolia B 192

bellidifolia . 192
bursifolia . 5 ALL
ceespitosa . a 9 Ue
cernua. Crepis neglecta.
feetida . a iaetig nl Wurs
glandulosa 5 Wee
utybacea. tavaxaci-
foliay . se epee Ol:
juvenalis, DELILE . . 192
leontodontoides . . 192
pinguis, RB. |. . . 192
precox. taraxacifolia B 191
prostrata, Dumont . 192
purpurea . . 191
rheeadifolia . 192
rubra . 4 . 192
sardoa, SPRENGEL . . 192
scariosa. vesicaria . 191
setosa . . 192
spatulata . 5 os We
stricta, RB. Crepis
virens ?
suffreniana. Crepis
neglecta ?
taraxacifolia . . 191
taraxacoides, RR. ta-
raxacifolia ?
tenerrima, TEN. . 192
vesicaria . 5 og AL
Bartsia . lv., 270
alpina . . 270

bicolor, DuBY. Trixago
apula.

Doane Bert. O-
dontites lanceolata.

latifolia. Eufragia
latifolia.

maxima, Trixago apula.

Odontites. Odont. rubra.

Page
B. purpurea, Mufragia la-
tifolia.
serotina. Odontites serot.
spicata : . 270
Trizago. Trixago apula.
versicolor. Trixago apula.

viscosa. Odontites vise.
Beckmannia . xx., 402
eruciformis . . 402
Bellevallia, Rp. Uya-
cinthus. :
Bellidiastrum lxix., 198
Micheli . . 198
Bellis Tplxaxee| 9S
annua . . 198
dentata . 198

hybrida, Ten. perennis.

perennis . . 198
sylvestris . oo LSS
Bellium . Dlxixes 1198
bellidioides . 198
crassifolium . . 198
nivale . . . 198
Berardia . xxii, 219
subacaulis . 219
BERBERIDEX vee eed:
Berberis 5 xk dU
cetnensis . Catal At
cretica, DUBY-. eetnensis.
vulgaris .. ll
Beringeria, RB. Ballota.
Berteroa lvii., 18
incana 18
obliqua 18
viridis, RB. incana.
Berula. Sium.
Beta . xxx1, 314
Cicla 314

macrocarpa. maritima ?

maritimaya eee OLA
sulcata, Guss. Cicla.
vulgaris . 314
Betonica lii., 294
Alopecurus - . 294
Joliosa, Guss. officinalis.
hirsuta OA:
hirta. officinalis.
zncana, RB. hirsuta.
officinalis . . 294

stricta, RB. aitetnellis/2 294
Betula (See also Alnus.)

lxxviii., 342
alba . . 842
carpathica, Rp. ‘pubes-
cens.

Jfruticosa, RB. humilis.
humilis . 342

Page.
B. intermedia . 342
nana . 842
pubescens errs O42
BETULINE® . 3882, 342
Biasolettia xxxvil., 160
nodosa. Physocaulis
nodosa.
tuberosa . . 160
Bidens . . Ixix., 199
bipinnata . . 199
bullata . 199
cernua . 199
tripartita . 99
Bifora . xxxviil., 161

floscuiosa, Guss. testic.

radians . 161
testiculata . 161
Biscutella lvi., 14
ambigua. saxatilis y 14
apula. didymay . 14
AUEICH Atay Wiles ae 14
cichoriifolia . 14
cihata. didyma.
Columne. didymaB. 14
coronopifolia 14
Gite, 5 46 4 14
hispida Bama h LA
levigata. saxatilis6 . 14
longifolia. saxatilisa . 14
lucida. saxatilis € 14
lyrata . Sent 14
maritima. lyrata B 14
mollis. saxatilis B . 14
obcordata, RB. saxat.
raphanifolia. a B 14
saxatilis . 14
Biserrula . _ Isiii., 100
Pelecinus . 100
Bivonea lie 14
Slutea: ; : 17
Blechnum . lxxxii., 425
boreale eee AOD
Spicant. boreale.
Blitum . xv., 315
Bonus-Henricus. Che-
nopodium B.-Henr.
capitatum : . 315
crassifolium. Chenop.
botryoides.
glaucum. Chenop. glau.
polymorphum, Coss.
Chenop. rubrum.
rubrum. Chenop. rubr.
virgatum . . 315
Blysmus . xvul., 381
compressus . . 381
rufus . . 381

INDEX.

Page,

Bonjeania. Lotus.
BoraGinEs . 251
Borago . XXvil., 257
laxiflora . 5) BT
officinalis . 257
Botrychium . _ Ixxxii., 426
Lunaria . . 426
matricarifolium . . 426
rutifolium . 426
Brachypodium . xix., 417

Barreliert. pinnatum vy 417

cespitosum. yamosum.
distachyon . 417
festucoides . A417
genuense. pinnatum B 417
gracile. sylvaticum.
hispanicum. tenellum.
pheenicoides . . 417
pinnatum . . 417
Plukenetii. ramosum.
Poa. tenellum.
ramosum . . ALT
strictum . . 417
sylvaticum . 417
tenellum . . 417
tenuiculum. tenellum 8 417
tuberculosum . 433
unilaterale Meal
unioloides . 417
Brassica Salix 23,
asperifolia, GR. & G.
Rapa & campestris.
balearica 23, 429
campestris eee
Chevranthiflora, Eru-
castrum monense.
chetranthus. Erucas-
trum monense.
Erucastrum. Eirucas-
trum Candollii.

Evrucastrum, Auct. Eru-

castrum obtusangu-

lum and Pollichii.
fruticulosa 24
Gravine . 24
humilis 24
incana 24
insularis . 428
macrocarpa . 24
Napus VEN Oo
nigra. Sinapis nigra.
obtusangula. Krue. obt.
oleracea. 23
preecox 23
Rapa . 23
repanda 24
Richerii_ . - 24

445
Page.
B. robertiana, balearica . 428
rupestris . . 24
sabularia, GR. and G.
Eruc. Tournefortii.
villosa wee OP 2A:
valentina. rucastr.
valentinum.
BRASSICEA . lvi., lix., 22
Braya lix., 27
alpina . 27
aspera 27
pinnatifida 27
supinma . 27
Brignolia. . XXXV., 149
pastinacifolia. sicula.
sicula . . 149
Briza . xxii., 412
maxima . 412
media . . 412
minor . . 412
virens . . 412
Bromus . xxiii, 415
arduennensis . 416
arvensis. . . 416
asper . . 415
brachystachys . 416
commutatus . . 416
confertus . . 416
contortus . oh ey LIL}
decolorans, RB. Fest.
elatior.
diandrus . . 415
divaricatus . 416
erectus . 415
fasciculatus . . 415
giganteus. Festuca gi-
gantea.
grossus, DUBY. secalinus.
Gussonii ~ 415
inermis 3 bo, ZG
intermedius. confertus.
gubatus. sterilisB . 415
lanceolatus . 416
laxus . A Vines 415
macrostachys,Guss. lan-
ceolatus.
madritensis. diandrus.
maximus . . 416
marinus, BAB. rigidus.
mollis . : 6 4K
multiflorus, Dusy. ar-
vensis.
patulus : 416
pilosus ~ . 415
polystachyus, Duy. di-
andrus 8B . . 415

pratensis, Dusy. racem.

44.6
i Page.
B. racemosus . 416
rigidus « 415
rubens . 415
scaberrimus, Brrr. a
andrus. + . 415
scoparius . . 416
secalinus . . 416
squarrosus . 416
sterilis ~ 415
tectorum.. . 415

tenuis. Festuca snerassatel
velutinus. secalinus B . 416

Brunella. Prunella.

Bryonia . Ixxvi., 129
acuta, Guss. alba?
alba . 129
dioica : ~ 129
sicula. dioica ?

Buffonia. EXV., 00
annua. tenuifolia.
macrosperma. tenuifolia.
perennis.. tenuifolia.
tenuifolia 53

Bulbine. Simethis.

Bulbocastanum. Bunium.

Bulbocodium xli., 373
vernum EENOt(O

Bulliarda . xxv., 131
aquatica . 181
Vaillantii . 131

Bunias . lviii., 21
aspera. Hrucago.

Erucago 21

macroptera, RB. Eru T1cago.
orientalis

Bunium xxxiv., 146
aphyllum . 146
alpinum . 146
Bulbocastanum . . 146
capillifolium . . 146
Carui, Gr. & G. Carum

Carui.
cynaprordes.. Biasolettia
tuberosa.
divaricatum . . 146
flexuosum . 146

maus, RB. flexuosum.

montanum . 146
verticillatum . 146
virescens. Gasparrinia
virescens.
Buphthalmum . Ixviii., 194
aquaticum . 194
cordifolium . . 194
grandifiorum. salicifol.
inuloides . . 194
maritimum . 194

INDEX.

Page. Page.
B. salicifolium . 194} C. maritima . Hee 122
speciosissimum . . 194) rugosa, Gav. Rapis-
spinosum . . 194 trum rugosum.
Bupleurum xxxili., 143} Calamagrostis. Arundo.
affine . . 143 | Calamintha li., 289
aristatum . 143] acinoides . . 289
angulosum. pyrenzeum. Acinos . 289
caricifolium. ranuncul. alpina . 5 oo OS
caricinum. _ ranuncu- cretica, RB. Nepeta.
loides B . . 144} glandulosa , . . . 289
cernuum . . . . . 143] grandiflora . 289
dianthifolium . 144} — graveolens . 289
elatum . 144} microphylla . . 289
exaltatum . 144! Nepeta . 289
falcatum . . 144} nepetoides . 289
fruticescens . . 144] officinalis . . 289
fruticosum . 144) patavina . 6 6 Bed
Gerardi . 143 Piperella, RB. Miero-
glaucum. . . 143 meria Piperella.
glumaceum é . 143] rotundifolia . . 289
gramineum, GR. and G. sylvatica . . 289
cernuum. thymifolia . 289
graminifolium . 144] wmbrosa, RB. officmalis.
junceum . 143 | Calendula . Ixxiv., 235
longifolium . 144] arvensis. . . 235
Odontites . 143] bicolor. arvensis B . 235
petreaum. graminifolium. fulgida 236
procumbens. . . 143] maritima . 235
protractum . . 144] officinalis . 235
pyrenzeum . 144) parviflora 235
ranunculoides . 144] — sicula . 235
rigidum . 144] CALENDULACER
rotundifelium . 144 lxiv., Ixxiv., 235
Saviguonit, BERT. pro- Calepina lviii., 21
tractum ? Corvini ee EOL
semicompositum . 143 | Calla lxxvu,, 378
spinosum . . 432} palustris . : « 378
stellatum . . 144| Callianthemum, Rs. Ra-
tentissmmum. . . 148 nunculus.
Butomus . : xliv., 345 | Callitriche . Xxv., 126
umbellatus 345 | aquatica, C.&G. Nearly
Buxus . Ixxvi,, 825 all the species.
sempervirens . 825] autumnalis . 127
hamulata . . 127
Cacalia. Adenostyles. pedunculata . 127
Cachrys xxxvill., 160} platycarpa. stagnalis p 127
echinophora. Lophoca- stagnalis . nel ely
chrys echinophora. truncata, GUSS. au-
leevigatal.. sowie LOO tumnalis.
pungens. Lophoce echi- verna . . 126
nophora B. vernalis, Kocu. pedun-
CAcTEs . ; . 185 culata,
Cactus. Opuntia. Calluna xliii., 242
CHSALPINES. Erica. vulgaris.
Cakile . lviil., 22| vulgaris . . . 242
egyptiaca. maritimaB 22 | Cal ystegin. Convolvulus.
latifolia. naritima: Caltha . ‘ li, 8

Page.
CSpalusinismeiasen) 2. - | ©
TEOIGAMS 5 alg) TL oyeia as
CALYCIFLOR& . 5 YG)
Calycotome, Guss. Cytisus.
Camelina . lviii., 21
austriaca, RB. Nastur-
tium austriacum.
dentata : weaned
Satida, GR. & G sa-
tiva.
microcarpa . 21
sativa . i Beet
sylvestris, GR, &G. mi-
crocarpa.
CAMELINES . lvi., lviii., 21
Campanula 5) Seabee aie
aggregata, RB. glo-
merata.
Allionii . . 238
alpina. Are eas)
Alpini. Adenophora
suaveolens.
barbata . 238
Baumgartenii, Ra. ro-
tundifolia.
bononiensis . . 240
ceespitosa . 239
carnica 239
cenisia 240
Cervicaria : 238
cervicarioides. glome-
ratae . COO
crenata, RB. Yrapuncu-
loides.
dichotoma . 238
Elatines . Be eee)
Hlatines, TEN. gar-
ganica.
elatinoides . 238
elliptica, RB. glomer. 5 238
Erinus . 240
excisa .-. 240
Suleata. Specularia fal-
cata.
floribunda . 239
foliosa . 238
fragilis . 239
garganica . . 239
glomerata : . 238
gramimifolia. Edraian-
thus tenuifolius.
hederacea. | Wahlen-
bergia hederacea.
Hosti, Rp. rotundifolia.
hybrida. Specularia hyb.
lanceolata, RB. rhom-
boidalis B . . 240

INDEX, 447
Page. Page.
C. latifolia. . 240 | CAPPARIDER mG bs
ligulata, RB. cervicaria, Capparis Klixsyoo
linifolia. Scheuchzeri, ovata . 34
Lorei . : . . 240] rupestris . 33
lunariafolia, Rp. ra- sicula, ovata.
punculoides, spinosa 34
macrorhiza 239 | CAPRIFOLIACER . 162
Medium . . 238 | Capsella © LalyieelG
mollis, TEN. dichotoma. Bursa-Pastoris . 5 Al
morettiana . 239] pauciflora 16
multiflora, Re. Cervi- procumbens . sellG
caria, Cardamine Ix., 32
nemorosa 239| alpina . 32
nice@ensis. glomerata y 235] amara 32
patula » . 240 asarifolia . 39,
persicifolia , 240) bellidifola, Dusy, al-
petreea 238 pina.
pubescens. Re. pusilla 23,9] BDICOlOT ean pels 32
pulla . . 240} Chelidonia ys yah xed
pusilla ; 1289 dentata. pratensis B. 33
pyramidalis . . 239} glauca CT OS
pyrenaica . 240] greca, Guss. Ptero-
Raineri . 239 neurum greeeum,
rapunculoides . 240} granulosa 32
Rapunculus . . 240} hamulosa. 32
rhomboidalis . 240] hirsuta 32
rotundifolia . . 239] impatiens. 32
Scheuchzeri . . 239] — latifolia 32
sibirica . . . 288] maritima. 33
simplex, RB. bononi- Matthioli 33
ensis, parviflora . 33
speciosa . . 2388] petrea, Linn, “Arabis
Speciosa, THoRNEMANN, petreea,
glomerata8 . . . 2388] pratensis. . 33.
Speculum. iets Spee. Plumieri, GR, &G. tha-
spicata , 238 lictroides.
Tenorii 239 resedifolia 32
tenurfolia, Re. Edrai- sylvatica . 32
anthus tenuifolius.. thalictroides . 33
thyrsoidea . 238] — trifolia 33
tracheloides, RB. ra- uliginosa, GUSS. ares 32
punculoides. umbrosa, DUBY. hirsuta.
Trachelium . . 240} Cardopatium ._ Ixxiii., 228
trichocalycina . 240] corymbosum . . 228
urticifolia. Trachelium. CAaRDUINES . lxxi,, lxxii., 219
valdensis, GAUDIN. Carduncellus ._ Ixwiii., 229
Scheuchzeri. ceeruleus . . 229
cesula, ALLIONI. per- mitissimus - 229
sicifolia, monspeliensium . . 229
Zoysti. . . . . . 240] pinnatus . . 229°
CAMPANULACER . . . 236] tingitanus . . . . 229
Camphorosma . xxiv., 314| Carduus. (See also Cir-
monspeliaca . . . 14 sium.) . . lxxi., 220
Canna . xv., 856] acanthoideo-nutans . 222
indica . 3856] acanthoides , . 221
CANNACES . . 356| acicularis . . 222
Cannabis sativa . 331! affinis . aol

448 INDEX.

. : Page. Page. ge.
C: agrestis, DC. . . . 222)C.acuta. . . . . 889]C_ fimbriata, Rs. hispid,
alpestris, RB. deflora- agastachy ys, Rs. pendula. iin, 5 4G 6 . 392
CUSIP Aen D2 ulial bay SIO) ENO 5 os 6 oe oo OU
arabicus. -:)- .) “*)<)) 220 alpestris, " gynobasis, feetida. . . . . 086
arctioides . . . . 221} ambleocarpa. glauca B 393) foliola, RB. flava.
Argemone .. e221) ampullacea 2). 2%. 393) |]) iciidaleee ee meee Ol
Argemone, Duy. are- approximata. lagopina. fuliginosa. . . . . 891
tioides. aquatilis aided oe BRIS 8 Onesie ae eee bees ralipreeste) Ol
Argyroa .. . 220] arenaria . . 386| furcata, Lar. . . . 394
candicans, RB. collins! argyroglochin. ovals 387] fusca. Suteri. . . . 394
Candollii.. . 9... 221) aterrima’. . . . 888] gaudiniana . . . . 388
carlinifolius . . . . 222) atrata. . . . . . 388] Gebhardt. elongata B. 387
carlinoides . . . . 221 axillaris . . . . . 887! geniculata, RB. frigida.
cephalanthus. . . . 220) Jadea,PERs. . . . 394] genuensis. . . . . 393
chrysacanthus . . . 222| baldensis. . . . . 385] Gibsoni . . . . . 388
cirsioides. defloratus 5. 222} basilaris . . 5 is oe) ||) fakes 5 4g . 393
collinus . . . . . 221) bastardiana, DC. . . 394 Goodenovii, Coss. vulg.
contertusiie ss esipeneeds| wubicolorneyue 3888} Grahami. . . . . 388
congestus. . . . . 220] dehgularis. levigata, &e. Grioletti.\. « = = 389
corymbosus . . . . 221} bimervis . . . 892| Grypos . . . 387
crassifolius, GAU. deflo- benninghauseniana . 887] guestphahea. divulsa B 385
ratusy . . . . 222) brachystachys. tenuis. gynomane, Kocx. Linki.
crispo-nutans . . . 222) brevicollis . . . . 392) gynobasis . . . . 389
Crispus eiee oes 2iy Sibrizoides s.\N-") "0 06)|) )) Eleleonastessejie- arenas o,()
defloratusi e250. 22) ’Buxbaumi, “se 387)|) birtag) je emOOD
fasciculiflorus . . . 221) cespitosa. vulgaris. hispida) =) 27 2s) ove
hamulosus . .. . .. 221 canescens, KocH. curta. hispidula. . . . . 392
laxiflorus. . 222| capillaris. . . . . 3890} hordeistichos . . . 393
leptophyllus, Gav. de- capitata . . . . . 885} hornschuchiana. . . 392
floratus ¢ . Ruane chordorhiza. . . . 886} hosteana, RB. fulva B . 392
leucographus . . . 222] clandestina, SM. humi- humilis... . . 390
macrocephalus 222 lis. IN CULV Aan MeO 00
medius, DUBY. arctioid. claviformis . . . . 398] intermedia . . . . 386
microcephalus, GAU. costata, PRESL. . . 394| imtricata . . . . . 388
FENUIMOLUSH aie e222) |) CURtAay enya yee Oh TIC ULE eye elem oO)
multiflorus, KOCH. po- curvula . . . . . 3885] juncifolia. incurva.
lyanthemus. cyperoides . . . . 885] juncoides. . . 394
neglectus. . . . . 220} davalliana . . . . 384) kochiana. paludosa B. 394
migreseens)))f.../) es9222)), decipiens) =). 843885) levigata meee . 3892
nutans . . . 222| depauperata. . . . 3892] Jasiochlena . . . . 393
nutante- acanthoides . 222 digitata . . . . . 390) lJlagopina. . . 387
iRersonatalye/iy ii.) eyes ceil adioicayey 384} lepidocarpa. flava B . 391
platylepis... . . . 222] distachya, Rs. Linkii. leporina. ovalis.
podacanthusyj serie agl.|) eedistans\) je . 892} leptostachys, RB. stri-
polyacanthus, RB. acan- disticha. intermedia. gosa.
thoides. divisa. . . . . . 386] Jeucoglochin. pauciflora.
polyanthemus . . . 221 divulsa . . W000 ligericaye sess
pycnocephalus . . . 220} Dreyeri, Kocu. pacifica. limosas en e390
rheticus.. defloratus « 222} drymeia. sylvatica. MatiaiG) 5 5 8 og Shell
sardous . Br22.0)y melongatayyl let OO0) |) Obata eae eraS 86
Sancta- Balme, DC. . 222 erecta, DUBY. semper- loliaceawiacear yeaa OSi
summanus. defloratus B 222 wirens/Bi) 9. Ee 2392)) tudibondayiee aeeetoSe
syncephalus, Rs. tenuifl. ericetorum . . . . 3890} macrolepis . . . . 389
tenuilorusieo. epee eeOmmevolutampes a. <i tdOo) |e erMarrin eters og Bl
tenuifolius) . 9.) 2. 2224 extensa -. « -. » 2 891] maxima! pendula,
Carex fies) ellaxvis SA: ferrugmea . . . . 392 membranacea. ericet. B 390

acuminata. glaucay. 393} filiformis. . . < . 393! mzchelana. glaucaB . 393

Page.
C. Michelii . 2 392
microcarpa . 391
microglochin . 385
microstachya . 388
microstyla 5 9 whe
Mielichoferi. ferruginea 392
modesta 3 50
menchiana . . . . 389
mollis. precoxB . . 390
montana . . 890
mucronata . 388
muricata . ; . 385
nemorosa, \NILLD. vul-
pina B . 385
nervosa, GUSS. extensa,
nigra . 388
nitida . 390
nutans 394
obtusata . 385
Cideri 391
ohmileriana 386
olbiensis . 391
ornithopoda . 390
ovalis . . 387
pacifica 388
pallescens . 390
paludosa . 393
panicea 391
paniculata 385
panormitana 389
paradoxa . § . 385
patula, DUBY. sylvatica.
pauciflora . 385
pendula 391
Persoonii 5. 6 ORM
pheostachya, SM. va-
ginata.
pilosa . 390
pilulifera . 390
platystachya . 389
polyrrhiza 390
preecox t . 389
Pseudo-cyperus . 391
pulicaris . 5 5 hel
pulla, SM. saxatilis.
punctata . 392
pyrenaica . 385
rariflora 390
recurva, SM. glauca.
refleca, RB. preecox.
refracta. precoxy . 390
remota eet Si
repens 386
rigida . 388
riparia 393
rupestris . 385
sarda . 387

INDEX.

Page.
C. saxatilis . . 388
schoenoides Fe BiG
Schradert. levigataB 392
Schreberi ys Okey
Scopolit. ferruginea B 392

secalina, RB. hordeis-

tichos.

sempervirens . 392
serrulata . 5 Bent
Soleiroli 393
spadiced. ferruginea B 392
stellulata . 5 ohshi
stenophylla . 386
stricta . . 389
strigosa . dol
supina . 389
Suteri . 3} Geb)
sylvatica . . 392
tenuis . - 892
teretiuscula . . 385

tetanica, RB. vaginata.
thuringiaca, RB. glauca.
tomentosa . 889
TRINERVISH oye. eee oOo
uetlraca. flavay . . 391
umbrosa. pveecox.
ustulata . . 390
vaginata . 5 Cul
Vahlii . . 388
vesicaria . 3.3 BOB
virens. muricataB . 3885
vulgaris . 388
vulpina 3g BAS)
Carlina . lxxii., 229
acanthifolia . of991229
acaulis. subacaulis.
Chameleon. subacaulis.
corymbosa . . . . 229
Cynara. acanthifol. B 229
gummifera so 20)
involucrata . 229
lanata . . 229
longifolia . . 229
macrocephala . 229
nebrodensis . . 229
racemosa . . 229
sicula . Shy ohh Cini as)
simplec. subacaulisB 229
subacaulis . 229
vulgaris 6 a eee)
CARLINES . lxxi., Ixxiii., 228
Carpesium 5 Ibori, ls
abrotanoides . 5 PLB
cernuum . BB eral ita)
Carpinus . Ixxviil., 332
Betulus 5, BO
duinensis . 5 Bee

449

Page.

C. Ostrya . 333
Carrichtera lviii., 21
annua . a 21
Carthamus Ixxili., 229
tinctorius 5 A BAY)
Carum . xxxiv., 147

Bulbocastanum. Bunium
Bulbocastanum.

Carui . Baie Ld
divaricatum. Bunium
divaricatum.
rigidulum. Meum rigid.
verticillatum, Bunium
verticillatum.
CARYOPHYLLACE® . 4A
Cassandra xlv., 242
cealyculata . 242
Castanea. Fagus.
Catabrosa . . xmil., 408
aquatica . . 405
Catananche . . lxv., 173
ceerulea melvis
lutea, oy ory mis

CATANANCHEE Ixiyv. lxv., 173
Catapodium. Sclerochloa.
CAUCALINE® xxxiil.,

Xxxvil., 158
Caucalis xxxvil., 158
daucoides 5 16) dle
grandiflora. Orlaya
grandiflora.
infesta. Torilis helvetica.
latifolia . 158
leptophylla © 6 dee
maritima. Orlaya marit.
HED. G5 Bo 65 ALS}
platycarpos. Orlaya
platycarpos.
pumila, Orlaya marit.
Caulinia. (See also Naias.)
xviii., 848
oceanica . . 348
CELASTRINESE . Pres
Celsia lv., 262
cretica . 262
Celtis XX OD:
australis . . 331
Centaurea . Ixxii., 230
_ aculeosa. rupestris y . 233
adonidifola, RB. ru- ;
pestris.
adulterina . 234
alba - 231
alpina . . 201
amara . 231
ambigua . . 232
aplolepis . - 233

450)

B Page.
C. apula . . 234
arachnoidea . . 233
aspera . 235
aurea . . 234

auriculata. eonchifolk B 2385

INDEX.

Page.

C.nigra . . 231
nigrescens . 231
nigrescens, DC. J aceay 2 231
paniculata . 232
Parlatoris . 232
pectinata . . 231
peregrina . 235
phrygia . 232

phrygia, DUBY. nervosa.

AMMEN, G6 6G 231
autumnalis. Calcitr. B 234
eral G6! go) 5 PBB
benedicta. Cnicus bene-
dictus.
busambrensis aoe
cerulescens . . . . 282
Calcitrapa . 284
calcitrapoides . 234
Centaurium . . 231
centaurioides . 2384
ceratophylla . So a8
cichoracea. Serratula
cichoracea.
Cineraria . . 282
cinerea . 232
collina . 284
crassifolia 5) Bb)
cristata 232
Crupina. Crupina vul-
garis.
Crupinastrum . 231
Cyanus Ailsa. a)
decypiens. JaceaB . 231
deusta BP OR
diffusa . 200
dissecta + 232
filiformis . . 2338
flosculosa . 2382
fuscata Aap ies Santa Ea 4
galactites. Galactites
tomentosa.
grafiana, DC. sordida.
horrida . 288
hybrida 5 OBB}
incana . 281
intybacea . 233
Isnardi . 285
Jacea . aZol
kartschiana . . 232
kotschyana . 233
laciniata . . 232
lappacea . . 2384
macroacantha . 234
maculosa . . 232
melitensis . 234
montana . . 233
mutabilis . 5 Bel
myacantha . 234
napifolia . . 205
nervosa 5b 5 eae
nice@ensis. fuscata.

Pouzini . 204
pratensis. Jacead . 231
procumbens . . 231
pullata . 233
rupestris . 4 . 238
salicifolia, DC. nigres-
cens.
salmantica. Microlon-
chus salmanticus.

_ Seabiosa . 1/233
Schowii . 234
sempervirens . 282
sicula . . 234
solstitialis . 234
sonchifolia . 235
sordida . 233
spatulata . : . 231
spherocephala . . 284
spinulosa, RB. Sca-

biosa B . 233
splendens . 231
Stebe . . 235

stricta, RB. axillaris.
subimermus. rupestris B 238

taurometana . . 231

torreana . . 234

uniflora . 232

variegata. axillaris.

vochinensis, RB. ni-
grescens.

zanthina. fuseata B . 234

CENTAURIE® xxii. lxxiii., 230

Centranthus . xv., 169
angustifolius . 169
Calcitrapa . 169
ruber . . 169
trinervis . . . 169

Centrophyllum. Kentro-

phyllum.

Centunculus xxiv., 299
minimus . . 299

Cephalanthera. Epipactis.

Cephalaria . xxiv., 170
alpina 171
centaurioides . 171
joppensis . . 170
leucantha a aul
syriaca 171

Page.
C. transylvanica 170
Cerastium . ie 58
aggyregatum, GR. & G.
siculum.
alpmum . ‘ 59
alsinovdes, Gopr. : 59
androsaceum . 58
anomalum, Gr. & @
Stellaria viscida.
aquaticum ofa 58
arenarium. triviale.
arvense 59
atrovirens 58
Boissieri . x 429
brachypetalum . 58
campanulatum . 59
densiflorum.. _ glome-
ratum.
fallax. triviale.
tiliforme . 59
glaciale 59

glaucum, Gr. &
Meenchia mantica and

erecta.
glomeratum . 58
glutinosum . 58
grandiflorum 59
hirsutum. axvense.
holosteoides. triviale B 59
illyricum . 58
lanatum. alpinum.
laricifolium, RB. ar-
vense.
latifolinm 59
lineare, RB. arvense.
manticum. Mcenchia
mantica.
obscurum, GODR. 59
ovatum 59
peduneulatum, Rs. la-
tifolinm.
pentandrum. . . . 58
pumilum . 59
pyrenaicum . . 429
repens. sylvaticum.
Riei : 429
semidecandrum , 59
siculumyye 58
Soleiroliz, DuBy. al-
pinum.
stenopetalum, Gr. & G.
arvense . . 429
strictum. arvenseB . 59
suffruticosum. arvenusey 59
sylvaticum 59
tetrandrum . 58
tomentosum . 59

INDEX. 451

Page. Page. Page.

C. trigynum, Gr. & G, C.temulum. . . . . 159|C. Bonus-Henricus . . 313

Stellaria cerastoides. WViillanSiieeily ase eLOO) ie VDOLTyOld Cs Mumeyne aim oS
triviale . . . . . 59| Chaiturus. . Leonurus. Botrysiayse- ii ieiate oN
varians, COSs. semi- Chameorchis. Ophrys. fieifolium’..) 7) rasa:

decandrum, &c. Chamegrostis. Knappia. futidum. Vulvaria.
viscosum. triviale. Chamepeuce. . lxxii., 227} fruticosum. Sueeda fru-
vulgatum. glomeratum. Casabone . . . . 227 ticosa.

Cerasus.. Prunus. WMD) 5 4) oe io, Lo CAL. lea ST Gg bale}

Ceratocephalus . . li. 4) gmaphalodes. . . . 22 glomerulosum, Rx. album.
fall Cats mye eye ten aes .t 4, MVEA el eee hirsutum, DuBy. Kochia
orthocerasmuenmemmri 4: - ostellatalee:) 4. eed hirsuta.

@eratonia xxx. lxxixe7/5)| stricta, =<. |. 22%) hybridum ~ 5. 2). 34
Siliqua .. . . . %5| Chamerepes, RB. Ophrys. Jacquint. Sueeda mari-

CERATOPHYLLEH . . .127|Chamerops . . xilili., 378 tima.

Ceratophyllum Ixxvii., 127) humilis . . . . . 378 lanceolatum. album y 314
demersum . . . .127| macrocarpa, Guss. hu- leiospermum, DuBY. al-
platyacanthum . . . 127 milis. bum.
submersum . . . .127|Chara . . . . Ixxxi., 421 maritimum. Sueeda ma-

Cercismenimme-mexiveio)|, aspera. . 92am 420) ritimas
Siliquastrum. . . . 75] barbata . . . . . 421) melanospermum, Guss.

Cerinthe . . . xxvi., 251} brogniartiana . . . 422 urbicum.
alpina amelie Ole) capetatal. >.) .anr422)) omultifidumiie 2) eins ol
aspera. major8 . . 251] ceratophylla. . . .421/ murale ..... . 314
auriculata. winory. 251] coronata. . . . . 421) oldum. Vulvaria.
glabra, Gav. alpina. efinitay sb eye ee 4210) opulitohumees= enero
gymnandra, GUSS. as- flewilis . . . . . 422] paganum, Rs. album,

pera ? fraps Seinen 4210 yepeduncularely ir) seanenoll ae
longiflora. . . . . 251] glomerata . . 421,422] polyspermum . . . 313
maculata. minor B . 251) gracilis . . . . . 422] rhombifolium, RB. ur-
MAO: 6 o¢ 5 6 6 Sol Mook) eg ooo) eZ Pal bicum.

TO Ce ee eecmee erie Solel whyalina) wry cule ene 2) serous event . 313
strigosa, RB. minor. mucronata . . . . 422) scoparia, DUBY. Kochia
tenuiflora, Burt. al- nidifiead . . . 421,422 scoparia.

pina see ole on polyspermal mycin me aoe. i Se plc: lage . 314

Céterach . . . Ixxxi., 425] prolifera. . . . . 422| — setigerum. Suzeda seti-
Marante, Notholena Scoparian gets teem aol gera.

Marante. HUHO 5 9 5 5 0 CRB wide 6g 6 6 BB
officinarum . . . . 425] syncarpa. . . . . 422) wade. album 8 . . 313

Cheerophyllum xxxvii.,159| tenuissima . . . . 422) Vulvaria. . .. . 313
aromaticum . . . . 160} translucens . . 421, 422|Cherleria. . . .xlvi., 53
Te, SB Gg) 6 IY) Willems) 9G Gg olan AIL imbricata, BERT. Alsine
bulbosum . . . . 159] CHaRAcEs . Ixxx., lxxxi., 421 aretioides.

Cicutaria, Rx. Villarsii. Cheilanthes . Ixxxii., 426] sedoides . . . a 8 3
Cicutaria, VILUARS. hir- odorus . . . . . 426} Chilochloa. Phieum.

sutum. Cheiranthus. . __ lix., 28| Chimaphila. Pyrola.
elecanismameu nee OO |. iChelrn ys 1). 28 | Chironia. Hrythrea.
hirsutum. . . . .160|Chelidonium . Folie LQ Chiora |) 12.) sexlivee24G
maculatum. aureum B 159) Jaciniatum. majusy . 12] acuminata. serotina B 246
magellense. . . . 159}. majus. .. . . . 12) —¢mtermedza. serotina.
nemorosum, RB. An- CHENOPODIEHR . . . 812] perfoliata . : . . 246

thriscus nemorosa. Chenopodium . xxxi., 313 Serotma. <2) fi see246
nodosum. Physocaulis acutifolium. aS sessilifolia . . . . 246

nodosus. mumyBe es). 5 le} sicula, GUSS. dane
sativum. Anthriscus al brine Py Aeateoi A CuLoRIDEE . . 394, 402

Cerefolium. ambrosioides . 314) Chondrilla . . xvii, 194.
sylvestre. Anthriscus aristatum. . . . . 313] acanthophylla, Rs.

sylvestris. blitoidesie i |e odtat juncea.

3M 2

452
Page.
Ch juncea . 194
muralis. Lactuca mu-
ralis.
prenanthoides . 194
rigens. juncea B . 194

CHONDRILLE® Ixy., Ixvii., 192
Chrysanthemum . lxx., 206

alpinum. Pyrethrum
alpinum.

atratum, DC. Leucan-
themum montanum.

atratum, LINN. Pyre-
thrum Halleri.

ceratophylloides. Py-
rethrum ceratcph.

coronarium . . 206

coronopifolium. Pyrethr.
Halleri.

corymbosum. Pyrethr:
corymbosum.

graminifolium. Leucan-
themum graminifol.

Halleri. Pyrethr. Hal-
leri.

heterophyllum. Leuc-
anth. montanum.

italicum . . 206

inodorum. Pyreth. inod.

Leucanthemum. Leue-
anth. vulgare.

macrophyllum. Pyrethr.

macrophyllum.
maritimum. Pyrethr.
maritimum.
maximum. Leucanth.
maximum.
monspeliense. Leucanth.
cebennense.
montanum. Leucanth.
montanum.
Myconis. Pyrethr. My-
conis.
Parthenium. Pyrethr.
Parthenium.
perpusillum. Nanan-
thea perpusilla.
segetum . . . 206
tomentosum. Pyrethr um.
tomentosum.
Chrysocoma. Linosyris.
Chrysosplenium . xlvi., 14]
alternifolium . 141
oppositifolium . 141
ovatifolium . 141
Chrysurus. Lamarckia.
Cicendia . XXiv., 249
Candollii . . 249 |

INDEX.
Page.
C. filiformis . . 249
pusilla Maes tei)
Cicer . lxin., 102
arietinum . . 102
Cichorium . Ixv., 174

divaricatum. Intybus B 174

glabratum . 174
Intybus . LTA
spinosum . . 174
Cicuta . . xxxiv., 144
virosa . 144
Cimicifuga . . 1, 10
foetidajqighs: Re cnn ea)
Cineraria . Ixx., 211
alpestris . og Cau
alpina, DuBY. Senecio
lyratifolius.
ambigua, GusS. Senecio
ambiguus.
aurantiaca 211
balbisiana ao wall
bicolor, Guss. Senecio
bicolor.
campestris 211

campestris, DC. spatul.

capitata. avrantiaca B 211
clusiana. alpestris B . 211

cordifolia, DuBY. Se-
necio cordatus.
crassifolia, RB. ae

crispa . . 211

croced. crispa € . . 211

gibbosa, Guss. Senecio
gibbosus.

integrifolia, SM. cam-
pestris.

longifolia. spatulifolia ?

maritima. Senecio Ci-
neraria.

nebrodensis. Senecio
nebrodensis.

ovirensis. alpestris y . 211

palustris sae yueunMem ele,

papposa . . . ... 2ll

PLavensishy) 4) meme ea eel

rivularis. crispa B . 211

Schkurw. crispad. . 211

sibirica, Dusy. Ligu-
laria sibirica.

spatulifolia 211

sudetica. crispay . . 211

Circeea . xvi, 126

alpina 126

intermedia. alpina B . 126

lutetiana.. . . . . 126

Cirsium (Cnzcus, SM. and

Guss.) Ixxii., 222

Page.
C. Acarna. Picnomon
Acarna.
acaule . . 226
acauli-bulbosum . 226
acauli-oleraceuwm . 224
acault-spinosissimum . 225

ambiguum, DUBY. 7rt-
vulari-heteroph.

anglicum. pratense . 226
antarcticum. heteroph.-
Spinosissimum.
arvense . 224
arvensi-palustre . 224
Bertolonti . 225
bulbosum . 226
bulboso-acaule . . 226
bulboso-oleraceum . . 224
bulboso-palustre . 226
canum 2 227
cano-oleracewm . 224
carniolicum . . 225
Casabone. Chamepeuce.
Cervint. heterophyllo-
SPINOSISSUMUM.
Chailleti, KocH. ar-
vensi-palustre . . 224
controversum. hetero-
phyllo- ee 225
crinitum . . . . 202
dissectum. monspesst-
lanum : 227
dubium, WILLD. 226
echinatum 223
erlophorum . . 228
Hrisithales . 225
Lrisithah-heteroph: yl
HR 5 « . 225
erucagineum, DC. ole-
raceo-rwulare . 224
ferox . 228
Forstert . 226
giganteum . 228
glabrum 225
glutinosum. Erisithales.
heterophyllum . 226
heterophyllo-acaule . 226

heterophyllo-oleraceum 224

heterophyllo-spinosissi-
mum Banh 6

hybridum. palustre-
oleraceum.

inerme, RB. bulboso-ole-
raceum.

italicum . . 220

Lachenalit. plerieee bul-
bosum and oleraceo-
ACOULC ee:

Page.
C.lanceolatum . . 228
lanceolato-acaule . 228
lanceolato-oleraceum . 224
lanceolato-palustre. . 223
lanceolato-pratense . 223
Lobelii. ferox B . 220
medium, RB. bulboso-
acaule.
microcephalum . . . 225
molle, VILL. acaule . 226
monspessulanum . 227
montanum 226
nemorale. eneeolesur B 223
niveum. Chameepeuce
nivea.
ochroleucum . 225
ochroleucum, Dusy, B-
risithales.
oleraceum . 224
oleraceo-acaule . . 224
oleraceo-arvense . 224
oleraceo-bulbosum . . 224
oleraceo-Erisithales . 224

oleraceo-heterophyllum 224
oleraceo-rwulare . 224
oleraceo-spinosissimum 225
palustre . 223
palustri-acaule . . 224
palustri-bulbosum . . 226
palustri-Erisithales . 225
palustri-oleraceum . 224
palustri-rivulare . 226
pannonicum . 5 Ct
pannonico-acaule . . 227
pannonico-Hrisithales . 227
parviflorum, DC. palus-
tri-oleraceum 224.

pauciflorum, Kocu, ed.
1. riwulari-het. . 226
pauciflorum, DC. Erisi-

thal- oa . 225
pratense . 226
pratense, DC. 227
pungens : 223
purpureum, RB. “heter-

ophyllo-spinosissi-

mum.
pyrenaccum, RB. mons-

pessulanum 8 . 227
rigens, DC. heteroph.-

Spinosissimum . 225
rivulare . 225
rivulari-acaule . . 226

rivulari-heterophyllum 226
rivulari-palustre . . 226
rivulari-spinosissimum 225
Rozent. Villars . . 226

INDEX.

Page.
C. rufescens, DUBY. car-
niolicum.
salishurgense, DuBY.
rivulare.

semidecurrens, RB. pa-
lustri-bulbosum.

semipectinatum, RB. ri-
vulari-oleraceum.

serratuloides, RB. pan-

nonicum.
serratum . 50 ae
setosum.. arvense B . 224
siculum. pungens B . 223
spatulatum. erioph. y . 223
spinosissimum . . . 225

spinosissimo- Er isithales 225
spurtum. eriophorum B 223
stellatum. Chameepeuce

stellata.
subalatum. palustri-ole-
raceum 224
subalpinum, DC. palus-
tri-rivulare . . . 226
sylvaticum . 223
syriacum. — Notobasis
syriaca.
tataricum, DUBY. ole-
raceo-acaule.
tricephalodes. rivulare.
tuberosum 227

ZAazranum. bulb. wreiule 226

CISTINEA ‘ nes
Cistus. (See also Helians
themum.) . xiix., 34
affinis. monspeliensis y 34
albidus . . 984, 429
albido-crispus, GR. & G. 429
complicatus . 34.
corbariensis . 34
creticus 34
erispus 34
cupanianus 34.
fastigiatus: ..% 2" 29. +35
florentinus. monspeli-
ensis 6. 34
hirsutus 34
incanus 34
ladaniferus 35
laurifolius 34 |
Ledon . 34
longifolius 34
monspeliensis 34
populifolius . 34
Pouzolzii - 429
salvifolius 34
Stderitis, Guss. salvi-
folius. 4

ADB
Page.
C. villosus. incanus B . 34
Citrus Aurantium 65
Limonium 65
medica 65
vulgaris 65
Cladium xvii. 1. 381
germanicum. Mariscus.
iMariscus!#s) 2...) emo
Clematis . eee
alpina. Atragene alp.
balearica . aes
GUANO 65g 6 46.6) dl
erecta, DuBY. recta.
Hamma) ae eee:
IOUT, 56 6 5 5 il
polymorpha. cirrhosa.
recta . ease ee
AVanelllagy CPA ee ler aye ft
Vaticellavte: ats ioe eke ion 11
Cleonia lii., 290
Iusitanicau- saeco O
Clinopodium li., 289
vulgare . 289
Clypeola . .lvii., 21
cyclodontea . 5 alk
Jonthlaspi 5 = all
Cneorum . KVIwo
tricoccum é 75
Cnicus. (See Cirsium.)
Ixxiii., 230
benedictus . 230
Cnidium . xxxv., 150
aploides . 150
Monnieri . . 150
palustre, RB. yenosum.
venosum . wl bil!
Cochlearia lvii., 17
anglica 6 ALY
Armoracia 17
auriculata, DUBY. sax-
atilis B 17
brevicaulis 1 /
danica 18
glastifolia arial y}
grenlandica. officina-
lishiae 18
officinalis . 18
pyrenaica. 18
saxatilis . Lave 17
Celoglossum. . Orchis. ;
Codonoprasum, RB. Al-
lium.
Corx . . lxxvi., 398
Lacryma . . 398
COLCHICACEA . . 373
Colchicum xlii., 373

Aly ¢= 5 4), 5 BS)

454 INDEX.

a Page. Page. Page.
C.arenarium . . . . 3873)/C.sabatius. . 2. . . 250 C.juncea . . . . . 100
autumnale . . . . 373] sagatilis. lanuginosus. minima . . . . . 100
IBIMONED Boo 1G a. Dies) ROOM 35 Slo 6 2H0)) moni , 5 5 5 5 LOD
Cupani. montanum. siculusi 3) 272) 25) 250) i panvatlora sesame OO
latifolium. Bivone. Soldanella . . . . 249] vrepanda. Arthrolobium
montanum . . . 373| sylvaticus, RB. sepium. repandum.
parvulum, TEN. autum- sylvestris. . . . . 249] scorpiocdes. Arthrolo-
nale. tenuissimus . . . . 250 bium scorpioides.
Valery. _montanum. tricolor . . . . . 250] securidaca. Securigera
variegatum. Bivone. Conyza. . . . Ixxi., 218 Coronilla.

Coleanthus . . xvii.,400| gyptiaa . . . . 218) stipularis. . . . . 100
subtilis . . . . . 400) ambigua. . . . . 218] vaginalis. minima.

Colladonia . xxxvill, 161] calycina . . . . 218] valentina. stipularis.
angustifolia. . . . 161] «utermedia. saxatilis 6 NST EMG 5 5g no LO

Colobachne. Alopecurus. Tupestris. . . . . 218) Coronopus. Senebiera.

Colocasia. Arum. saxatilis . . . . .218)Corrigiola. . xxxix., 130

Colutea . . . Isxiii., 96} stewla. Jasonia sicula. littoralisyea eee O
arborescens . . . . 96] sordida . . 218| telephifola. . . . 180
orientalis. .. . . . 96) sqwarrosa. Inul. Conyza. Cortusa . . . xxvii, 302

Comarum. . . xlix.,117| Yenoriu, Guss. rupes- Matthioi . . . . 302
palustrehcn al) ecpenellley tris. Corydalis. . . . Ix, 13

Composirm . . . .1738)|Corallorhiza. . lIxxv., 356 acaulis thie ey Mime eas S

Condylocarpus. 'Tordy- Hallert. innata. bulbosa. solida.

lium. innata . 356] capnoides . . . . 428

ConIFERH.. . . 3882, 343 | Cordaria, Rx. Lepidium, Cava, i) (au) Rea

Conioselinum xxxvi.,151|CoRIANDRE® . xxxiil., claviculatay) Suse
Fischeri.. . . . . 151 reser 161 densiflora. . . . . 138

Conium . . xxxvili., 161 |Coriandrum . xxxix., 161 digitata, RB. solida.
croaticum, RB. macul. melphitense. . . . 161) enneaphylla, Gr. & G.
maculatumy >.) 5.) LOM sativum’ 2) 2.) acme 6 Sarcocapnos ennea-

Conopodium. Bunium. WORTAR Is ey eaisaneneic phylla.

Conringea.. Krysimum. . Coriaria, (4 )2))5 ilsxx) 7/2) fabaceay ey eae eS

Convallariay, 0) 4) xhs!363!)) imyrtifolia yaya Se a2) lotcaly een nec}
bifola. Maianthemum Coris))) 3) = exxvail:;/ 2991/7) ochroleucaaeaee neem

bifolium. monspeliensis . . . 299} pumila . ... . 13
bracteata, GAU. multi- Corispermum . xyv., 315 Solidayaenuasuane 13

flora .. . . . . 863} dracteatum. hyssopifo- tuberosa, DUBY. cava.
latifoliayae enlist 03 lium B. . . . .815/Corylus . . Ixxviii., 333
majalis .. . . . . 863} hyssopifolium . . . 315] Avellana. . . . . 383
multiflora . . . . 363]! imtermedium . . . 315] tubulosa. . . . . 333
Polygonatum . . . 363) Marschali . . . . 315] Corynephorus. Aira.
verticillata . . . . 363 nitidum . . . . . 3815} Cota, Gay in Guss. An-

CoNVOLVULACEH. . . 249] squarrosum. . . . 315 themis.

Convolvulus. xxviii., 249} Coristospermum xxy., 151 | Cotoneaster. . xlviii., 124
altheoides . . . . 250{ cuneifolium. . . . 151) pyracantha, Gr. & G.
arvensis... .... . . 200)|CornEm@ .. 2... . 162 Crateegus pyracantha.
cantabricus . . . . 250|Cornus. ... . xxv., 162 tomentosa. vulgaris B 124
@neorum\s (=) yee e250) Smas) ey 2 oan he) A162) 1) volsarisiiesa eevee
evolvuloides. . . . 250 mascula. Tas. Cotula.. . . . Ixxi, 218
Imperati. . . . . 250) sanguinea . . . . 162} coronopifolia . . . 213
italicus, Guss. althee- suecica . . . . . 162] Cotyledon. Uwbilicus.

oides. CoROLLIFLORH . . . 244) Cracca.Gr.& G. Vicia.
lanuginosus.. .. . . 250|Coronilla. . . Ixiii,100|/Crambe . . . Iviil., 22
dimedtus) (4) 75 Vie 2.0) iicoronatayen 2k eeel0.0) (aehispanicagaem meinen
meonanthusiey eye eu eDOlle Mereticay weet). -0e spel Oh Gem aritini ayaa eminem.
pentapetaloides. . . 250] Hmerus . . . . . 100/Ctatarma 2. 2 2 54 22

Pseudo-tricolor. .. . 250} glauca . . . . . 100} Crassula. Sedum.

Page.
CRASSULACES . . 131
Crategus . . xlviii., 123
Aria. Sorbus Aria.
PAVATOIUSNeWan ie) (ier | elles
jlorentina. Sorbus flo-
rentina.
laciniata . . 128
levigata . : 123
monogy na. Osyacautha.
Oxyacantha . . 124
oxyacanthordes . . 124
pauciflora . 124
polyacantha . . 124
pyracantha Beez
torminalis. Sorbus tor-
minalis.
CREPIDEH . lxv., lxvii., 189
Crepis Ixvii., 189
atnensis, PRESL LOI:
agrestis. vivens . . 190
alpina, Barkhausia al-
pina.
alpestris. Barkhausia
alpestris.
aurea . w90
biennis . 190
blattarioides . aol
bulbosa d 190
bursifolia. Barkhausia
bursifolia.
chondrilloides 90
chrysantha 190
Columnee 90
corymbosa 5 ED)
diffusa. virens . . 190
Dioscoridis. Endoptera
Dioscoridis.
feniculacea . . . . 190
Setida. Barkhausia foe-
tida.
glandulosa 3 hg
grandiflora - 192
hyoseridifolia 191
Jacquin. chondtllodes.
incarnata . LOO
imtegrifolia. succisi-
folia B . 5 Wen
lacera . . 189
Lachenalir, Dusy. tee-
torum.
levigata, DUMORTIER 191
lapsanoides. . . een
leontodontoides. Bark-
hausia leontodont.
mols. succisifolia a 191
montana . > gM
neglecta . i389

INDEX.

Page.
C. niceensis . 190
paludosa . . 190
paniculata, Presi . 191
precox. Barkhausia ta-
raxacifolia.
preemorsa . 190
pulchra . 189
pulmonariifolia . . 190
purpurea. Barkhausia
purpurea.
pygmeea . 3 Sh

refleca, Guss. Bark-
hausia vesicaria.
rheadifolia. Barkhau-
sia rheeadifolia.
rubra. Barkh. rubra,
scabra, DUBY. niceensis.
setosa. Barkh. setosa.
sibirica SOLON
spatulata. Barkhausia
spatulata.
stricta, DuBy. neglecta.

succisifolia 58 igre LOO
taraxacifolia, Bark-
hausia taraxacifolia.
tectorum . . 190
VESICATIA. Barkhe vesic.
VATENIS GMAT ee Au eadyeune ()
Cressa . xxxil., 251
cretica Baye 251
Crithmum . xxxva, 148
maritimum . : 148
Crocus xvil., 357
biflorus 357
Imperati . . 857
longiflorus 357
medius 3857
MINIMUS He ee 357
multifidus. wwadiflorus.
nudiflorus OO
pusillus. biflorus.
reticulatus. vaviegatus.
sativus : 357
siculus. vernus.
suaveolens 357
Thomasii . 357
variegatus . 857
vernus . 857
versicolor . Pas 357
Croton . laxxviti., 325
tinctorium 4 325
Crucianella J oxxives 167
angustifolia . 168
latifolia . 168
maritima . 167
molluginoides 167
monspeliaca . 168

455

Page.

C. rupestris . . 168
suffulta . 168
CRUCIFER® deel’,
Crupina Ixxiii., 230
vulgaris . 230
Crypsis . xx1., 399
aculeata . . 399
alopecuroides . 399
nigricans . . 399
schoenoides 15 BK)
CryptocamMiaA. . Ixxx., 421
Cryptotenia . xxxiv., 146
Thomasii AG
Cucubalus xlvi., 47
baccifer, or dacciferus, 47
Cucumis Ixxvii., 129
Colocynthus . 5 HER)
CUCURBITACES. . . 129

Cupressus sempervirens . 343

CUPULIFERE 332

Cuscuta ) XXKG-.) 2011
alba . 251
corymbosa . 251
densiflora . 251
Epilinum. densifl.
Epithymum . . 251
europea . . 251
hassiaca . 251
major, DC. europea.
micrantha, Guss. Epi-

thymum ?

minor, DC. pith.
monogyna . 251
planiflora . . 251

subulata, Guss. Epith. ?

Trifolii . 251
Cyclamen . xxvili., 303
europeeum . 308
hederifolium . 5 oil
neapolitanum, GUSS.
hederifolium.
Poli . 803
repandum . 803
vernum 5 6B}
Cydonia . xlviii., 124
SVL eS eee . 124
Cynanchum .. ., xxxil., 245
acutum . 245
- contiguum . 245_
laxum . . 245
medium, RB. laxum.
monspeliacum . 245
nigrum = 245
Vincetoxicum . . . 245
Cynara. . lxxii., 228
Cardunculus . . 228
horrida . . 228

456 INDEX.
Page. Page.
C. humilis oth ig 998 C. Papyrus . 380
CYNARE lxiv., Ixxi., 218} polystachyos . 379
Cynodon .. . xx., 402 rotundus . Bo) a axel)
Dactylon . . 402) serotinus, RB. Monti.
Cynoglossum .. xxvil., 252 Tenorii AV ig ated)
apenninum . . . 252) tenuiflorus. badius? . 380
calcaratum. cheirifo- virescens, RB. fuscus.
lum p . . 252| Cypripedium. _lxxv., 356
cheirifolium . . 252] Calceolus . 5 6 G0
clandestinum . 252) Cystea . . lyxxi., 424
Column. . 252] alpina » 424
linifolium. Omphalodes dentata » 424
linifolia. fragilis . 424
magellense . 252] montana . - . 424
montanum. . . 252) Cystopteris. Cystea.
nebrodense. officinale B 252 | CyTINEa 2 . d24
officinale . . . 252} Cytinus Ixxvili., 324
Omphalodes. _Ompha- Hypocistus . 324
lodes verna. Cytisus. ‘That ny fs
pictum . 252] eeolicus ; 79
siculum . 252] affinis . 79
tomentosum . . 252] albus . 78
Cynomorium =... _ Ixxv., 323 alpinus 78
coccineum . 823] arboreus . 79
Cynosurus . xxili., 412) argenteus Sh iaatides)
aureus . 412] argyrius, RB. spinese.
cristatus . . 412} austriacus 79
durus. Sclerochloa dura. biflorus Bye 79
echinatus . 412} candicans. — Genista
elegans . 412 candicans.
giganteus, Guss. echi- capitatus . 79
natus B . 412 diwwaricatus. Naenoear
CYPERACEX . 879 pus divaricatus.
Cyperus . xvill., 3879 elongatus. hirsutus B . 430
aureus, GuSss. Tenorii. emerifolius, RB. gla-
badius. . . 380 brescens.
badius, Guss. longus B 380] falcatus, RB. hirsutus.
cossyrensis, GUSS. mu- glabrescens 0 79
cronatus B . 879 hirsutus . SaRBINe Wits)
difformis . . 880] holopetalus. Genista
esculentus . . 380 holupetala.
Sascicularis, DC. globos. infestus 79
flavescens . . 879] Laburnum 78
fuscus . 880] lanigerus . AT erin fy
glaber . 880| leucanthus, RB. aus-
globosus . . 379 triacus.
glomeratus . . . 880} nigricans . 78
Gussonit. flavescens 8 379} _prostratus 79
intermedius, Guss. lon- purpureus Bor Lane)
gus. radiatus.- Genista rad.
junciformis. mucron. ramentaceus . 5 RS
longus . . . . . 880] ramosissimus. spinesc.
Monti . . . . 380) ratisbonensis. biflorus.
mucronatus . . 879) sagittalis. Genista sa-
myriostachys . 880 gittalis.
ueglectus . . . 380] scoparius . 79
oliwaris. votundus. sessilifolius 78

Page

C.spmescens . . . . 79
GOMOSIS 5 6 «o 3 o WY
SMS 5 5 o 6 5
wails 5 6 6 oo AS

Czackia. Paradisia.

Dabeocia . xiii, 243
polifolia . . 248

Dactylis . xxi, 412
glaucescens. glomer. y 412
glomerata . 412
hispanica. glomerataB 412
hittoralis’ 3) ea oo:
maritima, RB. litto-

ralis.
repens . . » 433

Dactyloctenium xx., 402
eegyptiacum . . 402

Damasonium, Coss. Alis-

ma.

Danthonia . . xxi, 406
calycina, RB. provine.
decumbens 4.06
provincialis . . . 406

Daphne . xihiv., 321
alpina . - . 822
blagayana 322
Cneorum . 322
collina 322
glandulosa 322
Gnidium . . 822
Laureola . 322
Mezereum ooo eal
oleoides. glandulosa.
striata BU LAne 1 6 Oh
Tartonraira . 821
Tommasii 5 3 OY

Datura . . xxix. 259
ferox . 3 oo ea)
leevis 259
Metel . 259
Stramonium. . . 259
Tatula. Stramonium B 259

DAUCINE® xxxili. xxxvil., 155

Daucus xxxvil., 155
AUTEUS Lan. WORN 17
australis . 157
Bocconi. 156
Broteri 157
Carota. . 156
dentatus . > 157
foliosus . . 156
gibbosus . . 156
Gingidium . 156
gummifer 5 5 Llayey
haspanicus. gummifer.
hispidus . . 156

ee a et

Page.
D. maritimus. Gingidium
B, 7,8 . 156
mauritanicus . . . 157
maximus . . 156
muricatus 157
parviflorus 156
setulosus . 156
siculus 157
Delphinium . eS
ANG so SR oo Us tien)
alpinum, RB. elatum.
cardiopetalum 9
Consolida Wire 8
cuneatum, DC. elatum +y !)
elatum ee
emarginatum : 9
fissum. lybridum.
gracile Seite 9
halteratum 9
hybridum 9
wntermedium, DC. elat.a 9
junceum, DC. peregr.
longipes . eer)
montanum . 9
palmatifidum, DC. elat. 7 9
paniculatum. . 9
peregrinum . 9
pictum 9
pubescens 9
Requieni g)
Staphysagria . 9
velutinum 9
Dentaria 3 lkes Be)
ulbiterayea uly Oo
digitata 33
enneaphyllos 33
glandulosa : 33
heptaphyllos, RB. pin-
nata.
pentaphyllos. digitata.
pinnata . 33
polyphyllos . 33
trifolia 33
Deschampsia . xxii. 408
ceespitosa . . 403
juncea. . . 404
Wibeliana - . 404
Dethawia, Gr. & G. Wall-
rothia.

Deyeuxia. Arundo.
Dianthus . xlvi., 44
alpestris, DUBY. Seguieri.
alpinus See)
arenarius . 46
Armeria . 45

Arrostu, Guss. Caryo-
phyllus.

INDEX. 457
Page. Page
D.asper. Seguieri a . 45|D. Fraxinella. albus.
attenuatus 45} obtusiflorus. albus B. 72
atrorubens . . 45] Digitalis lv., 267
Balbisu. liburnicusB 45} — ferruginea 267
barbatus . 45 | fuscescens 267
Bertolonii 45} grandiflora 267
Bisignani. . 45] levigata . 267
brachy yanthus, Gr. & G. lutea . . 267
pungens. media . Bora. me CANE
ceesius . . . 46} meerantha. \utea.
capitatus, Re. liburn. ochroleuca, RB. gran-
Carthusianorum . 44 diflora.
caryophylloides, RB, parviflora. lutea.
sylvestris. purpurascens 267
Caryophyllus 46| purpurea . 6 go Cae!
ciliatus AD Chaput an alice) we epeeneOr
collinus, GAU. Seguieriy 45 | Digitaria . B30: oN }6)
controversus. Seguierid 45] ciliaris . . . . . 396
Courtoisiz, RB. Seg. debilis 58 8 ed
deltoides . . . 45) glabra. bumifusa.
diminutus. prolifer B 44)| filiformis. humifusa.
Serrugineus, DuBY. a- humifusa . 396
tro-rubens. paspaliformis 396
gallicus 46) sanguinalis . . 396
glacialis 45 | Dineba. Leptochloa.
hirtus . 45 | Diospyrus . . lxxx., 244
Hornemanni . . . 45) Lotus . . 244
integer, Re. alpestris. Diotis ey lxixe 207)
libwnicus . . 45] candidissima . . 207
longicaulis, TEN. Ca- ceratoides. Wurotia
ryophyllus. ceratoides.
monspessulanus. 46, 429 | Diplachne. Melica.
neglectus . 45 | Diplotaxis . lix., 24
plumarius 46| Barrelieri 25
prolifer 44 | crassifolia 24
pungens . 45 | erucoides . 25
racemosus, RB. ciliatus. muralis 25
Requienvi, Gr. & G. hirt. saxatilis . 25
saxatilis . . . 46] — scaposa 25
Scheuchzeri, RB. sylves. tenuifolia . 25
Seguieri . . . . 45] viminea 25
siculus. Caryophyllus. DIPSACEZ . - 170
subacavlis. virgineusB 46|Dipsacus . . xxiv., 170
superbus . 46) divaricatus, PRESL. la-
sylvatico-monspessula- ciniatus.
nus, GR. & G. ferox . a AbAW
sylvaticus, GR. & G. Seg. fullonum . . 170
sylvestris . . . 46] laciniatus . . 170
sylvestris. B 45!| pilosus SATO
tener . Nite a Dees sylves-
tripunctatus . ¢ 45 trisB . . 170
vaginatus, RB. Carthu- sylvestris . Be We)
sianorum. DiscorbE# . Ixiv., lxxi., 213
velutinus . 44 | Dolichos Catiang . . 110
virgineus . Es Dondia. Wacquetia.
Dictamnus _ xiv. a Doronicum Ixx., 207
albus . Bp austriacum . 207

3.N

458 INDEX.
‘ Page. Page.
D. caucasicum . 207 IDL Spends) 5 Gg Ga ll
Columnee 207| Thomasit. stylaris.
cordifolium. Columnee. tomentosa 4 20
Awmile. Pardalianch. 8 207| Traunsteineri 20
longifolium, RB. Aro- verna. . 21
nicum. Clusii. Wahlenbergii 20
Matthiolk, Rp.. Parda- Zahlbruekneri 20
lianches. Dracocephalum . 291
orientale, RB. cordifol. austriacum . 291
Pardalianches 207| moldavicum . . 291
plantagineum 207| ruyschianum . 291
scorpioides . 207 | Drepania. Tolpis.
Dorycnium . . Lxti., 94] Drepanophyllum. Falecaria.
decumbens, GR. & G. Drosera . xxxix., 42
suffrut. B . 195 anglica ae Aas 42
gracile. herbaceum B . 430 intermedia. longif.
herbaceum . 94) longifolia . . 42
hirsutum . . . 94} obovata. anglica B 4.2
incanum. hirsutum B 94) rotundifolia . ‘ 4.2
parviflorum . 94.| DROSERACER . 42
rectum . 94.| DryaDEx : 111, 112
sabaudum, RB. ‘herba- Dryas . xiix., 112
ceum. depressa . . . . 112
suffruticosum 95] octopetala lie
Dory cnopsis. Auth. pilosa. octopetala B . 112
Draba . .lvii., 20] Drypis. . 5 2OO8D-G; Ge}
alzoides - .. . 20] — spinosa 53
Aizoon, RB. aizoides.
alpina . . . 20/EBENACER . . 244
carintwaca, Rs. Jo- Ecbathion. Momordica.
hannis. Echinaria . . xvii, 420
ciliata . a 20 capitata... - ~ 420
confusa, RB. incana. Echinochloa, RB. “Oplis-
confusa, DUBY. stylaris. menus.
contorta, DUBY. incana. HEchinophora. xxxviii., 160
cuspidata . ere ONMESpinosalueiece a eer OO
elongata, RB. aizoides. tenuifolia . . . 160
fludnizensis. ciliata? Echinops . . lxxii., 218
frigida . mrsieee ec Oh pmexaltatusy:. . 218
helvetica. Wahlen- Ritro . . 218
bergii B 20 ruthenicus . 218
MEMES Go ooo 20| spheerocephalus . . 218
Johannis . 20| viscosus . 218
levigata. Wahlenb. y 20 | EcHINOPSIDE® lxxi.]xxii., 218
leevipes 20 | Echinospermum xxvii., 253
lapponica. " Wahlen- deflexum . . 253
bergu 6 . 20} Lappula . . 253
lasiocarpa, Ra. ‘aizoid. squarrosum, RB. Lap-
muralis ... 21 pula.
muricella, RB. hig Echium . XXViL, 255
nemoralis 21) ambiguum 1259
nivalis 20] arenarium . 256
olympica . : 20} calycinum . 256
precoz. vernap . 21 creticum . 1255
rupestris . 20| italicum . » 255
Sauteri 20} maritimum . 255
stellata 20| plantagineum . 255

Page.
E. pustulatum . 255
pyrenaicum . . 255
rubrum . 255
Sibthorpii . . 255
tuberculatum, 'TEN.
pustulatum.
violaceum . 255
vulgare Pe OD
Wierzbicki, RB. ‘vulgare.
Edraianthus. . xxx., 241
Kitaibelii . . 241
tenuifolius . 241
| Ehrharta . mae, BOL
panicea . 397
HLmAGNED . 823
Eleagnus . Xxv., 323
angustifolia. . 823
EL ®OSELINEE
XXxUL., xxxvii., 158
BEleoselinum. xxxvii., 158
asclepium . 158
Lagascee . . 432
meoides. . 158
Ellatine . xliv., 59
Alsinastrum. . . . 60
campylosperma . . 429
hexandra . 60
Hydropiper: . 60
macropoda - . 60
major . 60

paludosa, GR.&G. hex-
andra and major.
schkuhriana, Rp. Hy-

dropiper.
triandra - 5 64) BY)
ELATINER . 5 oo HE BY)
Hlephantina, Brrr, Rhyn-
chocoris.
iilephas, Guss. Rhynchoe.
Lilodes, Coss. Hypericum.
Elsholtzia. -. hi., 283
cristata . 283
Elymus xix., 419
arenarius . . 419
crinitus . 420
europeus . . 420
geniculatus . 419
Elyna . lxxvi., 383
spicata . 383
FEmex. Rumex.
EMPETREA . - . d24
Empetrum lxxix., 824
nigrum . . 24
Enarthroearpus ._ Iviii., 22
arcuatus Series
lyratus : 5 ee
Endoptera Isvii, 189

Page.
Hi. aspera . 189
Dioscoridis . 189
Endressia, Gr.&G. Meum.
Endymion. Wyacinthus.
Ephedra . lxxx., 343
distachya . . 343
fragilis . 343
nebrodensis . . 843
Epilobium . xii. 125
alpestre, Rv, trigonum.
alpinum . 126
alsinifolium . . 126
angustifoliam » 125
angustissimum. Yosma-
rinifolium.
collinum, RB. monta-
num.
Dodonei.. rosmarini-
folium.
Duriei . 431
Fleischeri ali25
hirsutum . . 125
hypericifolium . 125
intermedium, Rx. hir-
sutum.
Lamyi : . 431
lanceolatum . . 125
montanum Ben abe Lae)
obscurum, Guss. tetra-
gonum.
origanifolium. alsini-
folinm.
palustre 125, 431
parviflorum . . 125
pubescens, GUSS. par-
viflorum.
rivulare, RB. parviflor.
roseum : . 126
rosmarinifolium . 5 dled)
spicatum, GR.&G. an-
gustifolium.
tetragonum . 125, 431
trigonum . do lets
virgatum . 126, 431
Epimedium . 5:0. UIE
alpinum emcee Lh
Epipactis . NKKVs ODD
atro-rubens, RB. media.
comosa 4M be ergtereR OBS)
cordata, DuBy. Listera
cordata.
ensifolia . » 355
grandiflora . 855
latifoha 5 Bes
Maravigni . 355
media . i - 306
microphylla . . 356

INDEX.
Page.
BE. Mdus-Avis, Neottia
Nidus-Avis.
OVaAlisieunieianae «1 neeo0
ovata, DuBy. Listera
ovata,
pallens. grandiflora.
palustris . Bo Ce)
purpurata. media B . 356
rubiginosa. media . 356
rubra . a aKODO
Epipogium . . lIxxiv., 349

aphyllum,RB. Gmelini.
Gmelini . . d49
EqQuisetace® lxxx. lxxxi., 422

Eiquisetum . lxxxi., 422
arvense . 422
campestre, RB. arvense.
elongatum, RB. ramo-

sum.
Jluvratile. Telmateja.
hyemaleri. 4) jo. 2 422
limosum . » 422
Mackaii . » 423
multiforme. ramosum.
palustre _. - . 422
pannonicum, RB. ra-
mosum.,
pratense, RB. wnbro-
sum.
ramosissimum, GUSS.
ramosum.
ramosum . ~ 422
sylvaticum ~ 422
Telmateja - 422
trachyodon » 423
wmbrosum . 422
variegatum , . . . 423

Hragrostis . xxii, 410
leersioides . 411
megastachya. . 410
pilosa . . 411
pozeformis . 411
pocoides. poeformis.
triticea Puevnire cia
vulgaris, Coss. megast.

and povformis.

Eranthis . 5 lily {3}
hyemalisiierse a ecieO

Hrianthus. xx., 395
Ravenne . . 895

Erica . xii, 242
arborea » . 242
carnea . 242
ciliaris . 242
cinerea Set eel:
herbacea. carneaB . 242
Mackai. Tetralix 8. 242

38N2

459

Page.
E, mediterranea. oceiden-
talis.
multiflora . 242
occidentalis . . . . 242
peduncularis, — GUSS.
multiflora.
polytrichifolia . 242
ramulosa. stricta.
scoparia . . 242
sicula . . 242
stricta . 242
Tetralix . . 242
Vaansinil. lubes) oi leas
vulgaris. Calluna vulg.
ERIcAcEs . - fae
Erigeron . se lxixeshOS
acris . . 198
alpinus . 198
canadensis . 198
drebachensis. acris B 198
glabratus . alos
grandiflorus, alpinus 8B 198
graveolens, RB. Inula
graveolens.
intermedius. Villarsii.
uniflorus . 5 Us
Villarsii . el edl98
Erinacea, Gr. & G. An-
thyllis.
Erinus . .lv., 266
alpinus . 266
ERIOCAULES . . . 846
Eriocaulon . lxxvi., 346
septangulare . . 846
Eriophorum. . xviii., 383
alpinum . 2a080
angustifolium . 883
capitatum . 383
gracile . 883
latifolium. pubescens.
polystachyum. angus-
tifol. and pubese.
pubescens . . 383
Scheuchzert. capitat.
triquetrum. gracile.
vaginatum . 383
Eritrichum . XXviL, 253
Hacquetti. nanum B. 253
_ nanum 5 . 253.
Ernodia, Putoria.
Erodium . . Ix., 68
albiflorum o 6 @Y
alnifolium 69
alpinum. 68
asplentoides. . 68
Botrys 69
chium. . 69

460

Page.

E. ciconium . . 68
cicutarium Seaste 68
corsicum. malapoides.
glandulosum . 68
gruinum . 69
Gussonii . 69
laciniatum 69
littoreum . 69
malacoides 69
malapoides 69
Manescavi 68
maritimum . 69
moschatum . 68
nervulosum . 69
petreum . 68
romanum . 68
staphylum . 68
tenuisetum . 429

Erophila. Draba.

Eruca . . lix., 25
hispida So
sativa . Lee 25

Erucago. Bunias.

Erucastrum . lix., 24
Candollii . 5 ee
cheiranthiflorum 24
Cheiranthus . 24

incanum. Sinapis incana.

inodorum, RB. Pollichii.

monense . 24
obtusangulum 24
ochroleucum 24
Pollichii . 24
Tournefortii . 24
valentnum . . 24
Ervilia, Gr. & G. hata,
Ervum . . Isii., 106
Biebersteinii 106
dispermum. Vicia disp.
Ervilia Ae ia tvea ed OK)
gracile . 106
hirsutum . . 106
Lens . 106
Lenticula . 106
monanthos . . . 106
nigricans. . 106
pubescens. hirsutum B 106
tetraspermum : 106
uniflorum. Mentieulas 107
ERYNGIE® Xxxil., xxxii., 141
Hryngium xxxil., 141
alpinum . . 142
amethystinum . 141
Bourgali . . 41
campestre . 142
dichotomum . . 142
dilatatum , 142

INDEX.
Page.
E. maritimum . . 142
planum . 142
pusillum . . 142
Spina-alba . 142
tricuspidatum . 142
triquetrum . 142
viviparum. pusillum.
Hrysimum. (See also
Barbarea.) lix., 26
Alliaria. AMaria offi-
cinalis.
alpinum. Arabis brassi-
ciformis.

australe, GAY. canescens ?

austriacum 27
bonannianum 27
canescens 26
carniolicum . 26
cheiranthoides 26
Cheiranthus . 27
chetriflorum. odoratum.
crassistylum . 27
crepidifolium . 26
diffusum, RB. canescens.
glabrum . 26
inliveStane 27
lanceolatum, Dusy.
odoratwn.
longifolium . : 27
longisiliquosum, RB.
virgatum.
murale, GR. & G. Cheir-
anthus.
ochroleucum 27
odoratum °26
orientale . uaa |
perfoliatum. orient.
pumilum . 27
repandum 26
rheeticum 26
siculum 26
strictum . 26
suffruticosum 26
virgatum . 3 op eae
Erythrea . Xxvill., 248
Centaurium . . 248
diffusa 249
Elodes 249
latifolia 249
linariifolia 249
lutea. maritima.
maritima . 249
pulchella . . . 249
ramosissima. puch.
spicata best ate 249
tenuiflora. puch.
tenuifolia . 249 |

Page.

Erythronium xi, 365
Dens-Canis . . . 365

Euclidium lyii., 21
syriacum Vane e e2iL

Bufragia ly., 269
latifolia . 269
viscosa : . 270

EuPATORIACE® Ixviil. Ixx., 212

Eupatorium . Ixx., 212
cannabinum . . 212
corsicum, DUBY. can-

nabinum ?
Soleiroli, DUBY. can-
nabinum ?

Euphorbia . lxxv., 325
akenocarpa 5. 3 5 OE
acuminata. fale. B . 329
aleppica . 5 4 Bey)
amygdaloides . 827
angulata . ... . 326
Apios . - 326
biglandulosa . . 329
biumbellata . . 829
canescens, RB. Chamee-

syce 8 . . 326
carniolica . 326
ceratocarpa, Guss. ori-

entalis.
Chameesyce . - 826
Characias . 827
coralloides . 827
cuneifolia . . 329
Cupani . 330
Cyparissias . . 328
dendroides . 329
denudata . . 326
dulcis . . 326
epithymoides . 827
erlocarpa . . 327
esula . . 828
exigua . 329
ala 329

flavicoma. verrucosa sa B

327

fragifera . . O27
annansn 5 . 827
Gayl . . 829
gerardiana . 827
Helioscopia . . 826
hiberna . 326
Lathyris . . 330
lucida . . 828
maculatal iano CO
massiliensis. Chamee-
syce y. . 326
melapetala . 827
micrantha . o27
Myrsinites . 329

Page.
H. niczensis. 5 ol, ore’)
obscura, RB. falcata.
orientalis . 327
palustris. 5.0 16 OY
paniculata. pilosa B . 326
pannonica 5 9 Bt
Paralias 328
Peplis 326
peploides . 329
Peplus 50 BY)
perforata, Guss. Cha-
meesyce 6 . 326
puosa . 326
pinea . 329
Pityusa 329
platyphylla 326
portlandica 329
Presli 325
procera 327
provincialts. terrac.
ptericocca 826
pubescens. pilosa.
purpurata. duleis B . 326
pyrenaica 5 a oes}
PUG USUNA, Rn. ‘pinea.
ramosissima . 828
retusa. exigua.
rubra, exigua B 329
salicifolia . 328
saxatilis 4 4 Bes)
saxatilis, Lois. gerar-
diana 8 327
segetalis . a) 029
semiperfoliata . .* . 327
serotina, RB. niceen-
sis.
serrata Sie oes
solisequa, RB. dulcis.
_ spinosa . 327
squamigera . 326
stricta . ae eee Nah Oo SO)
sylvatica. amygdalo-
ides.
taurinensis . 329
tenuifolia . . 328
terracina . . 328
tommasiniana : 328
trinervis, BERT. Preslii.
Triumfetti . 828
yamloiity 6 9G) oh 5 ers)
veneta, Wulfenii.
verrucosa . . 326
virgata . 828
Wulfenii . . 827
HUPHORBIACEE . 825
Euphrasia lv., 270

alpina, GAv. salisburg.

INDEX.

Page.

E. Bianeea, Guss. Odon-

tites Bocconi ?
Bocconi. Odontites Boe.
corsica. Odont. cors.
jaubertiana. Odoutites

jaubertiana.
linifolia. Odont. lutea.
lutea. Odont. lutea.
micrantha, RB. officin.

minima Bg LAD)
nemorosa, Re. offic. B 270
Odontites. Od. rubra.
officinalis 5 op co
pratensis, RB. offici-
nalis.
rigidifolia. Odontites
rigidifolia.
salisburgensis 270
serotina. Odont. sero-
tina.
tricuspidata. . . . 270
verna. Odont. rubra.
viscosa. Hufragia vis-
cosa.
BEurotia . lxxvi., 315
ceratoides 5 Bulbs
Bvax 5 borat, Pall)
asterisciflora . 5 Pals)
discolor . 216
exigua B68 oo el
Heldreichii . . . . 216
PYGM eave eel MeN LD
TOLUNdAtay eee enoeD
tenuitoliay) seem oO
Evcnymus 56.6.6 1/83
europeeus 73
latifolius . 73
verrucosus 73
Exacum. Cicendia.
Faba. Vicia.
Facchinia. Alsine.
Fagonia .xlv., 72
CLECICAW saat sue ap mnt fee)
Hagopyrum. Polygonum.
Fagus . Ixxvil., 332
Castanea . 332
sylvatica . . 8382
Faicaria xxxiv., 145.
latifolia . 145
Rivini . . 145
Farsetia lvii., 18
clypeata . . lis
imcana. Berteroa in-
cana.
Fedia xvu., 168
Auricula . eG

461
Page.
F. brachystephana . m69
carinata ; . 168
Cornucopie . . 168
coronata . . 169
dentata . 169
echinata . . 169
erlocarpa . . 169
gibbosa . 168
hamata Seles
lasiocarpa. dentata y 169
laticuspis. Auvicula ?
microcarpa, GUSS. pu-
berula. . ye a69
mirta. dentataB . . 169
Morisoni, DusBy. den-
tata.
olitoria . 168
puberula . 22169
pumila . 169
tridentata. Auricula B 169
turgida . 168
vesicaria . 169
Ferula. (See also Feru-
lago.) xxxvi., 151
communis lio
glauca . 151
neapolitana . . 151
Ferulago xxxvi., 152
Barrelieri . Bc dle
nodifiora. galbanitera.
galbanifera 3 a ali
geniculata . 152
Festuca . xxii, 412
Alopecurus . . 412
alpina, Gav. ovina B 413
amethystina, RB. ovi-
na 7 Sb to GHB
arundinacea. elatior.
attenuata . . 413
aurata . . 413
borealis . 414
bromoides . 413
cerulea, DC. Melica
ceerulea.
cerulescens. Koeleria
ceerulescens.
calamaria. sylvatica. -
ciliata . . 412
compressa a oll)
cristata, BrERT. Koe-
leria cristata.
depauperata, Bert.? . 433
distachya. Brachypo-
dium distachyon.
divaricata. Sclerochl.
divaricata.
drymeia . . 414

462 INDEX.

: Page. Page. Page.
F. duriuscula. ovinae . 413] F.spadicea . . . . . 414! F. sterziis. Potentilla Fra-
duriuscula, BERT. he- spectabilis . . . . 414 gariastrum.
terophylla. stipoides. ligustica. VGH 6 Lorpa a 5-0 LUG
elation® 95 200.) fe 44) (sylvatica) 7). 6-44 tieamiisenta es eee er 43
eskia. varia. tenuiflora. Brachyp. intermedia . . . . 43
exaltata...... . . 414 unilaterale. ESA oo bk ok 4B
ferruginea . . . . 414) tenwfolia. ovina. pulverulenta. . . . 43
Jflavescens, varia. uniglumis . . . .412/FRaANKENTIACEm . . . 43
geniculata . . . . 413] vagimata. ovina é . 413|Fraxinus . . . xvi. 244
gigantea. . . . . 415] vallesiaca. ovinad . 413} argentea. Ornus?
glauca. ovina€ . . 413) varia. . . . . . 414) excelsior. . . 245
gracilis. Brachypo- violacea. ovinay. . 413] heterophylla. excels. B 245
dium sylvaticum. Festucacrz . . 395,407)/ Omus. . . . . 244
Halleri . . . . . 413} Mearta. Ranunculus. parvifolia. ... . . 245
heterophylla . . .413)Ficomez . . .,. . 135/\#ritillaria 9. (. ah 364
hispida. Koeleria hisp. Ficus . . . .Ixxix., 331] zuvolucrata. montana?
incrassata . 40345) Carica) ie ere Soll Meleacris iar eee eno OA
anermis. Bromnise in- Wilago . . . . Ixxi., 216 Messanensis . . . . 364
ermis. apiculata. . . . . 216) montana. . . . . 364
Lachenali. Brachypo- arvensis . . 216] pyrenaica . . ~. . 364
dium tenellum. cupaniana. heterantha. tenella, RB. montana.
latifolia, RB. sylvatica. eriocephala . . . . 216} Fumaria. (See also Cory-
laxa, KocH. varia? gallica alee 1/ dalis®) gies se eae bxateml
digusticay cee --) y ee A21 Seermanica ye eee 2161) acrariag es sn-aemeee 13
loliacea .-. . . . 414] heterantha . . . 216] capreolata . . . 13
longifolia... . . 413] Susser. pyramidata. flabellata. capreolata,
maritima. Sclerochloa lagopps . 2 . . . 216] Jleucantha. parviflora.
Triticum. Minima ... . . .216| major, RB. agraria.
Michelii, Bert. Koe- montana. minima. media, DUBY. . agraria.
leria macilenta. meplectay.) 2). 2) o6i| ee micranthayesee neat:
montana, RB. Drymeia. prostrata. . . > 2163), muralist alec
Myurus . . . 413) pygmea. Hvax pygm. officinalis ene
nemorum, RB. hetero- pyramidata.. . SPAMS eerie 505 5 3 ie
phyla. tenuifolia. . . 217| Pettert. muralis.
nigrescens. heterophylla. Fiuicrs.. Ixxx., " Isxxi, 423) spicata . . . . . Id
oryzetorum, RB. elatior. Fimbristylis . . xvill., 883] Vaillanti . . . . 14
ORE: goo 2509.0. 3 ule annua. dichotoma B . 383 Warten yrange
pannonica, RB. ovina. cioniana. dichotoma yy 433|FuMaRIAcEm . . . . 13
panormitana. . . . 413] dichotoma . . . . 383
phenicoides, Brrt. Bra- Foeniculum . . xxxv., 148/Gagea . . . . xii, 367
chypod. phoenicoides. CHUTE 6s Me) a Bs WAI RIS 5 es HOY
pllosalewene ey 4il4il) votficinaleeye epi 4:8) | bohemica air mas metS O1(1
pinnata. Brachyp. pimnat. piperitum ... . .148/ busambrensis . . . 368
Poa. Brachyp. tenell. satwwum . ... . . 148) chrysantha . ~ . . 368
poaformis. pilosa. vulgare, Guss. officinale. Jistulosa, Dusy. Liot-
pratensis... 414| Fontanesia . . xvi., 244 tard.
Pseudo-Myurus. Myur. phillyreocides . . . 244) Granatela . . . . 367
pumila .... . 414) Fragaria . ... xiix., 116 Liottardi Sp Vee Off)
rhetica, DUBY. “pilosa. breslingea 2 9. 2. Li) “luteal 2 ie ae eee OS
rigida. Scleroc. rigida. calycinay, 2). 22 is) L116)|)) maimimale eee O17
TUbnaye ese ne es vane Acs ncollinay eis) 0-22 a. UGH) mebrodensisteme mira OS
sabulicola. rubra. eflagellis, RB. vesca. pratensis, RB. Bae B pel
Scheuchzerii-) seaer Ady pm clationeu ew 4 0 ce gee lOll pusilla ne . 368
sciuroides. bromoides. hagenbachiana ... . 117) saxatilis..”. . . . 367
serolina. Molinia serot. magna, GR. & G. elatior. Schrebert, RB. stenop.
setacea . . . . . 413) majaufea, aes spathacea .. . . . 367
Biculatey a1.) anne anS TE, foe . 117 | stenopetala 2 2) 2 2 367

Page
G. villosa, DuBY. minima.

Galactites . Ixxiil., 235
tomentosa 5 5 Ce)
Galanthus . xl., 362
Imperati . . 862
nivalis 525) eho
Galasia . lxvi., 180
villosa . . 180
Galatella . Ixvili., 197
cana . 198
punctata . lor
rigida . 5 hg dliks)
Galega . lxii., 96
officinalis . a auveye)
Galeobdolon . liti., 292
luteum . 292
Galeopsis . liii., 291
angustifolia. Ladanum.
bifida . = 2011
intermedia, RB. ‘Tad.
Ladanum . . 291
ochroleuca . 291
parviflora, DuBY. Lad.
pubescens mou!
Tetrahit . . 292
versicolor . 292
Galinsoga.. ee lxaxes lt 99
parviflora . = 199
GaLInsoGE# Ixviii., Ixix., 199
Galium . xxiv., 164
atnicum. erectum.
alpestre. sylvestre B . 166

anglicum. pavisiense B 167
Aparine - . 167
arenarium . 165
aristatum > 5. IGE
Barreliert. rotundifol.

Bauhini, RB. vernum.

Bocconi. sylvestre y . 166
boreale; 5... 164

cespitosum. pumilum B 166
campanulatum. Aspe-
rula galioides.

campestre . 166
cinereum . . 165
Cruciata . Ot
divarieatum. _pavisi-
GME Beso. oa 6 LOY
ellupticum. rotundif. B 164
elongatum, GUSS. pa-
lustre.
erectum : 165
glaucum. Asp. galioid.
helveticum . 166
hercynicum. saxatile.
hirtum. sylvestre y . 166
Ayssopifolium.borealeB 165

INDEX.

Page.
G. hypnoides. pumilum a 166
insubricum . 165, 433

leve. sylvestrea. . 166
linifoliam . 166
litigiosum. pavisiense.
litorale . 165
lucidum . 165
maritimum - 166
mediterraneum . . 165
minutwum LG
Mollugo . oa ANG)
mucronatum, DUBY,.
rubrum.
murale Peo By hanna)
obliquum. rubrum B . 166
pallidum, Guss. erect.
palustre . 166
parisiense . 167
pedemontanum . oo LUG)
pubescens, Rs. Mol-
lugo P
pumilum . . 166
purpureum . 166
pusillum. sylvestre ¥ 166
pyrenaicum . 166
retrorsum, GUSS. pede-
montanum.
rotundifolium . 164
rubioides . - 164
rubrum Tea a6 6
rupicola. saxatile ?
saccharatum . 5 AN OY/
saxatile . 166
setaceum . . 167
Soleirolii.. . 165
SPULIUM en On
supinum. sylvestre 5. 166
sylvaticum . . 166
sylvestre . 5 al eG)
tenerum. Aparine B . 167
tenuifolium. lucidum.
tricorne . 167
trifidum .. GT
uliginosum . 166
Vaillantii. 5 WOT
vernum ce Bel co OY
verrucosum. saccharat.
verticillatum . 167
verum . Sods:
Villarsii 166

Witheringi. ‘palustre 8 166

Garidella . 8
Nigellastrum . . . 8
Gasparrinia . xxxiv., 146
virescens . . 146
Gastridium xx1., 399
lendigerum . . 399

4.63
Page.
G. muticum . . 899
scabrum, Guss. muticum.
Gaudinia . xix., 406
fragilis . 406
Gaya . Xxxy, Lol
pyrenaica . . 151
simplex Bleeds
Genista 5 bat, fib)
eetnensis . eran fi
anglica 77
anxantica. 77
arcuata 76
aristata 76
aspalathoides 76
candicans Bh ary = Vie)
cinerea) uy ee eS
corsica 77
Cupani 76
dalmatica . 76
decumbens, RB. pilosa.
Delarbreei . 430
diffusa 78
elatior . 77
ephedrioides . 76
genuensis, BERT. scariosa.
germanica 77
Halleri 78
hispanica . 76
holopetala 76
horrida 76
humifusa . 78
humilis 78
linifolia 76
Lobelii 76
mantica [7
monosperma . 76
Morisii 430
nervata, RB. ovata.
ovata-. 77
pilosa . 78
procumbens . : 78
prostrata. Halleri.
pulchella, Gr. & G. hu-
mifusa.
purgans ey CT
vadiatan (pues eer
sagittalis . 77
Salzmanni 76
scarlosa 77
Scorpius . 77
sericea 3h oe
sibirica, RB. -elatior.
spherocarpa . . . 77
sylvestzisy =) S276
tenuitolia= |) eyee ee 77
tinctoria . 17

triangularis, RB. scarios.

446
7 Page.
GyEiguelka, cise eentO
CGranisaoyy “G 8 gy GS
Gentiana . . Xxxil., 246
acauliSiy eee eee A/|
eestiva 5 Jo 6 MES
alpina. excisaB . . 248
Amarella . . 248
angulosa, RB. estiva.

angustifolia, RB. Fre-

lichii.
asclepiadea 247
bavarica . 5) 5 on ee)
biloba nate waen oa]!
brachyphylla . . . 248
Burseri . 247
campanulata. punctate 247
campestris . . 248
Charpentieri . 247
chlorifolia, RB. cam-
pestris.
ciliata . 248
cruciata . 247
excisa . 247
frigida - 247
Freelichii . . 247
gaudiniana . 247
germanica ei tee OAS
glacialis. tenella.
imbricata . 248
lutea . : . 247
macrophylla . . 247
nana . 248
nivalis 248
obtusifolia 248
pannonica 247
Pneumonanthe . 24.7
prostrata . 248
pumila Bicove ay a) ete
punctatayn ieee
purpurea . . 247
pyrenaica 248
tenella 248
Thomasii . 247
utriculosa 248
verna . 248
GENTIANEE . 246
Geracium, RB. Vlieracium.
GERANIACEH . . . . 68
Geranium 5 Ibe OY
abortivum, Guss. vil-
losum ?
aconitifolium . . . 70
chegeniranm « 8 ig) a) a AW)
asphodeloides . . . 70
bohemicums si mien ee sO
cinereum. argenteum ?

columbinumipn at eee

INDEX.

Page.
G.dissectum . ... 71
divaricatumee)) ei ean il:
Endressi, Gr. & G. we
lustre 'B . 429
lividum. pheum,
Imo 56 o 6 o ll
macrorhizum . . . 69
mo] ley ati fo: Jie Mee ae ell
MOON 5 5 6 oo TO)
palustrey a) icy eae
eM Soy Bs a) YO
LALenSe wey eet |
purpureum. robert. B 7]
puclinin Ses ye HO
PYZenalcumess) i. yee Mans O
TEHEXMIMN eo
TODERtANUMIN. ERE
rotundifolium . . . 70
sanguineum . . . . 70
SIbITICUM an ee eNO)
SAE Bg Gg gg HO)
sylyaticom . . . . 70
tuberosum), 2 2s 90
Verein, 60 6) gy Aaa 1 90)
villosum . , rae
Geropogon Oise ayes)
glaber , a AE
Geum sale sie, 112
inchinatum. pyrenaic.
intermedium . . . 113
micropetalum . 118
montanum . 113
pyrenaicum . . 113
reptans . 113
rivale . liti3
sylvaticum . 118
thomasianum aalelt3
urbanum . eed aeealel,
Jadiolus . . xvii, 858
byzantinus ODO
communis . 808
dubius, communis ! ie
illyricus . 858
imbricatus 5 Gas
infestus . 898
palustris . . 858
SePeUmi rms au WaenODS
triphyllus . 858
Glaucium . ‘slix., 12
corniculatuum . . . 12
flavum. luteum.
ly SoG! og a
hy bridumay ele eel
ihrgretrben pene: tei, 1
pheniceum. cornicu-
latum.

rubrum, RB. corniculat.

Page.
Glaux . xxxi., 303
maritima . . 808
Glechoma . hii., 291
hederacea. . anere 1
heterophylla, RB. he-
deracea.
hirsuta 6g Oot
Glinus . . xivii., 135
lotoides > 5 Bb
Globularia . xxiv., 3038
Alypum . 303
bellidifolia. cordifolia.
cordifolia . . 3038
incanescens . , . . 303
nana, DUBY. cordifolia.
nudicaulis . 3808
vulgaris . 803
GLOBULARIES . . 803
Glyceria . xxii., 411
awroides, RB. aquatica.
aquatica, Kocu, &e.
Catabrosa aquatica.
aquatica . . 411

‘ distans. Sclenochil ah,
JSestuciformis. Sclerochl.

maritima,
fluitans MaMa ooh ald
maritima. Sclerochl.
maritima.
plicata, fluitansB . 411
rigida. Sclerochl. rig.
spectabilis. aquatica.
spicata, Guss. fluitans ?
Glycyrrhiza . Ixi., 96
echinata .. > Ys
glabrag OG.
GNAPHALIER . Ixxi., 216
Gnaphalium . Ixxi., 217
alpinum . o Alyy

arvense. Filago arvensis.
carpathicom. . . . 217

dioicum co lly
Suscum, RB. sylvaticum.
gallicum. Filago gallica.
germanicum. Fil. germ.
hoppeanum. sylvat. y 217
Leontopodium . 217
luteo-albuom . . . . 217
margaritaceum . . 217
minimum. Filago min.
montanum. Filago min.
norvegicum, sylvat. B . 217
nudum, RB. uliginosum.
pusillum. supinun . 217
supinum . A 217
sylvaticum aye an laf)
uliginosum 217

Page.

Gomphocarpus . xxxii., 246
fruticosus oer pe eee
Goodyera . i lxxiv., 855
repens . . . 855
Gouffeia xlvi., 53
arenarioides. . > Be
GRAMINA . 894
Gramuitis . lxxxi., 424
Ceterach. Cet. officin.
leptophylla . 424
GRANATES . . 125
Gratiola xvi., 266
ofticinalis . 266
Gregoria . xxvill., 299
vitaliana . . 299
GROSSULARIE . . 136
Gymnadenia. Orchis.
Gymnogramma. Ceterach.
Gypsophila xlvi., 44
acutifolia . 44
Avrostii 44
cretica 44
fastigiata . 44
illyrica 44
muralis 4.4
paniculata . . 44
permiata, GUSS. Saxi-
fraga.
prostrata, RB. repens.
repens. oe 44,
rigida, Saxifvaga.
Saxifraga . Mya sins dds
serotina, RB. wuralis.
Vaecaria. Saponaria
Vaccaria.
Habenaria. Orchis.
Hacquetia. xxxil., 142
Epipactis . . . 142
Halianthus. Alsine.
Halimus. Obione.
HALORAGEX . 126
Hedera xxx., 161
lgi@libe S56 sr il@ul
Poetarum. Helix B . 161
Hedypnois lxv., 174
coronopifolia . 174
crepidiformis. cretica . 174
cretica ‘ . 174
Surfuracea. cretica . 174
globulifera. cretica . 174
mauritanica. cretica . 174
monspeliensis. cretica 174
pendula . 174
polymorpha . Sipopall7 4s
rhagadioloides. cretica 174
tubeformis. cretica B 174

INDEX. 465
Page. Page.
HEDYSARE® 75, 100 H. procumbens . 36
Hedysarum _Iniv. . 101) pulverulentum 38
capitatum . LOL} punctatum ROO
coronarium . 1OL| = vretrofractum. — salici-
humile . LOL folium.
obscurum . 102} roseum 38
pallidum . . 1O1| rubellum . “CORR OIT
spinosissimum . 101] rugosum. alyssoides B 35
Heleocharis. Scirpus. salicifolium . . . . 36
Helianthemum . xlix.,35] Savi . 36
acuminatum . 37| scabrosum 35
egyptiacum . 36] semiglabrum 2 37
alpestre. oelandicum B 37| serpyllifolium, Re.
alyssoides 35 vulgare.
apenninum. polifolium 38] sessiliflorum . 36
arabicum . BS NGA) steechadifolium . 37
arcuatum 38 surrejanum. vulgareB 38
Barrelieri. thymifol p 37| stellatum. croceun.
berterianum .. 37| Thibaudi . 38
Breweri_ . . 35} thymifolium . 36
canum, mavifolium iB. 37| tomentosum . 38
croceum . . 38} ‘Tuberaria 35
denticulatum. salicifo- umbellatum . 35
Inia {5 9G. ole _o. Bo velutinum, JORDAN 38
ericoides . : 36| vimeale. marifoliumB 37
eriocaulon . . . . 35] vwerede. juniperinum B 36
Fumana 36) Vivian. guttatum.
glaucum, Guss. croceum. vulgare 38
glutinosum. thymifol. 8 37 | Helianthus _ 198
grandiflorum. vulgare. -| annuus li99
guttatum . ; 35| tuberosus 5 UY
halimifolium 35 | Helichrysum... _ Ixxi., 217
hirtum 38| angustifolium . 218
hispidum . 38| arenarium aie callie)
inconspicuum 36] cespitosum. angustif. 218
intermedium. ealicirole y 36 frigidum . . 217
italicum. oelandicum y 37| glutinosum a CAL
juniperinum . . 86| <ctalicum. angustif.
leve. thymifolium. littoreum. aungustif.
leevipes Hanes 36| mcrophyllum. angustif.
lavandulifolium . 37| nebrodense. Steechas. 218
ledifolium 36| panormitanum. angustit.
lunulatum 36} pendulum. — Steechas.
meyoranifolium. hirt. B 38| rupestre. angustif.
marifolium . 87] savxatile. angustif.? . 218
morisianum . . . . 388] scandens . . 217
mutabile, pulverulent. Steechas . Bog allyl
nebrodense. rubellum. stramimeum. Stechas . 218
niloticum. ledifolium 8 36} Heliotropium . xxvi., 252
nummularium 37| Bocconi . 252
obscurum 37] europeeum . 252
oelandicum 37| supimum . . 252
origanifolium 37 | HELLEBOREE . ses
penrceillatum. oeland. a 37 | Helleborus oc lies
pilosum 38| atrorubens.. odorus.
plantagineum. gutta B 35 | Boeconi. eg B 8
polifolium . é . 38] dumetorum 8

30

466 INDEX.

Page. Page.

H. fetidus . 8 | H. permixta, Guss. hirsuta.
intermedius, Guss. viridis. polygonoides 130
lividus 8|Hesperis . . lx: 27
niger. - . . . 8| eupaniana.. laciniata.
odorusy iy) eee) Oils heterophylla 2) 2 28
purpurascens 8| inodora. matronalis B 28
viridis eee) eemlaciniatageyis joe l-wnuneoz/|

Helminthia lxvi., 178 mMairOnalisymey ass) seo
aculeata . Suli((S4|heeruncinatapey ai eae eS
echioides. . 178| tristis.. . 27
humifusa . 178 | Heteropogon. Andropogon.
spmosa . . . . . 178} Hibiscus . Ix., 64

Helosciadium xxxiv.,145] aquaticus. . . . . 65
bulbosum. intermedium. pentacarpus.. . . . 64
crassipes. . 5 WHS TONES ig) Bug 5 lo) OH
intermedium 2 TAS) Tronum: 2 a 65
inundatum . 145 | Hrpracie® _ Ixv., Ixvii., 180
nodiflorum . 145 | Hieracium . lxvii., 180
repens . 145| AccrPrrRINex . . 187
stoloniferum . 145) acutifolium. villosum y 183

Helxine. Parietaria. albidum . . 186

Hemerocallis . xlii., 372| Alhonii, RB. glaucum.
flava 372| alpicola. furcatum 6. 181
fulva . 373 | alpinum . . 186

Hepatica. Anemone. amplexicaule . 186

Heracleum . Xxxvi., 153 ANDRYALOIDE® . 183
alpinum . . 153] andryaloides . . 185
angustifolium. Sphon- angustifolium . 181

dylium. armeriefolium, RB. glau-
asperum. . 153 cum ?
austriacum 153} asperum, RB. rigidum.
cordatum 153| atrovirens . . . . 184
elegans 153] aurantiacum . . 181
flavescens, BERT. Sphon- aureum, Dusy. Crepis

dylium ? aurea.
Lecocku, Gr. & G. si- Auricula . Bi tope cial toll

biricum. Bauhini. prealtum 6 182
longifolium . 153} bellidifolinm . . 186
minimum 153] = dzcolor. aurantiacum y 181
Orsini . . . 153] bifidum . 183
palmatum, RB. Panaces. bifureum . Hie LOL
Panaces . . . . . 153) Oblattarioides. Crepis
pollinianum . 153 blattarioides.
pyrenaicum . 153| boreale 2 . 187
sibiricum . 153| Brackiatum. bifurcum 181
siifolium, RB. austr. brevifolium. . . 187
Sphondylium . 153} breviscapum . 66 ilisit

Herminium . lxxiv., 355} dulbosum, Guss. Crepis
Monorchis . 855 bulbosa.

Herniaria . .xxxii., 130] bupleuroides . . 183
alpina . . 130} Candolli . . 183
ciliata . . . 180) CrrinrnomEm . . 185
cinerea. hirsuta? cerinthoides . Teg Ue
glabra . 130} chlorospermum. . . 184
hirsuta . 130} ecinereum. -echioides y 182
incana . 130} compositum . . 188
latifolia . 4311 cordifolium . . 185

Page.

H. cordifolium. villosum a 183
coronopifolium, BERNE.

umbellatum 8 . 188
cotoneifolum. prenan-
thoidese . . . . 187
crinitum. . 187
eydoniifolium . 186
cymigerum, RB. preealt.
cymosiforme . 182
cymosum . 182
decipiens . 186
dentatum . 183
denticulatum. prenan-
thoides 6... 187
DREPANOIDES . 182
dubium, SM. Aartenle,
echioidesua) (ee aes,
elongatum, DuBY. ce-
rinthoides.
erlophorum . 5 6 lltets)
ertophyllum. villosum 8 183
fallax. prealtum. . 182
Jjiliferum, RB. prealt.
flagellare, DC. stolonifl. 181

flecuosum, DuBY. gla-
bratum.

flecuosum, RB. villosum.

florentinum. prealt. a 181

fureatum . aie NSU

Suscum, RB. aurantiac.6 181

glabratum . 183
glabratum, Wiu1D. vil-
losum 5 oo Wee}
glabrum, Horrr. vil-
losum 6 . . 183
glanduliferum . 183

glaucescens, RB. prealt. ?

glaucum . . 182
gracile . 188
graminifolium . 182
grandiflorum. Crepis
grandiflora.

Haller. mgt y . 186
hoppeanum . 184
jacobeeifolium . 187
Jacquinii so Ah
incisum . 188
InTyBacEm. . . . 186
intybaceum. albidum.

imuloides . 187

Lachenalu. vulgatum y 184

lactucaceum . . 187
levigatum. rigidum.
lanatum .-°. .. . 185
lanceolatum, Winn. ri-
gidum B . 187
Lapeyrousii : . 185

INDEX.

Page. Page.
Hi. dampsanoides, Dusy. H. prunellifolium. Crepis
Crepis lapsanoides. pygmeea.
lasiophyllum . 184} Pseudo-cerinthe . 186
latifolium. -boreale B 187 PULMONARIE . . 183
Lawsonii . . 185} pulmonarioides . . 186
Lawsonti, VILLARS. sax- pumilum, Hoppr. al-
atile. pinum 8 LS
| Liottardi . . 185} pumilum, DuBy. Cre-
longifolium. . . 186 pis pygmeea.
lucidum . 187} racemosum Sy
luteum. aurantiacum B 181 ramosum . . 184
lycopifolium . . 186] rigidum . 187
macranthum. Pilosellac 181} rupestre . . 184
maculatum. vulga- sabaudum > dlieley
tum 8 . . 184 sabinum . . 181
mixtum . 185] saxatile . 182
montanum, DUBY. Cre- Schmidtii . 184
pis montana. Schraderi . . 183
murorum . . 184] scorzonerifohum. vil-
mur orum-pilosissimunt, losum ¢ 6 ior jo) lifes}
Linn. murorum ~ 184 setigerum. echioides B 182
Nestleri . 182} siculum - © 185
nigrescens . 186} speciosum. 183
nivale . Se Bal ais old spherocephalum. fureat. 181
obovatum, DuBY. ¢e- staticifolium . . 182
rinthoides. stelligernm . 184
obscurum, RB. prealt. Sternbergii . 186
ochroleucum, KocH. pi- stoloniforum . . . 181
croides. strictissimum. prenan-
pallescens 4 also thoides) yin ky ae Se
paludosum. Crepis pa- succisefolium. Crepis
ludosa. succisifolia.
peleterianum. Pilosel.8 181) sudeticum. alpmum 6 186
perfoliatum, DC. pre- sylvaticum. vulgatum a 184
nanthoides 8 . . 187| — sylvestre, RB. boreale.
phlomoides . 185} — symphytifolia 185
picroides . . 186} tenoreanum. Pilosellay 181
pictum . . 184) trichocephalum. villo-
pictum, Pens. andrya- sum ¥ . . 183
loides - 185} tubulosum, Dusy. “al
Pilosella . . 181 bidum.
PILOSELLEE . . 180} umbellatum . . » 188
piloselliforme. Pilosella6181| undulatum. andryal. B 185
piloselloides . ~ 181] Vaillanti,Re. Nestleri. -
piloselloides, WALLR. valdepilosum. villosume 183
prealtum¢ . . . 182) Vittosm. 182
polyphyllum, Rz. lon- villosum . ; 183
gifolium. virescens, KocH. rigid. 2
porrifolium . 182] Virga-aurea . 184.
prealtum . 181 vulgatum . . 184
premorsum. Crepis pree- Hierochloa . xxi, 397
morsa. - australis . 398
pratense . . 181] borealis Sao) We ee
PRENANTHOIDE® . . 186] odorata. borealis.
prenanthoides . 187) _ parviflora. . 398
primulifolium, Vivian. 188 Himantoglossum. Orchis.
prostratum . 188 'Hippocrepis . . lxiv., 101

302

467
Page.

I. ciliata . 10)
comosa SOL
glauca . . 101
multisiliquosa. . . 101
unisiliquosa . LOL
velutina ene OL

Hippophae . Ixxix., 323
rhamnoides . . 9. 1828

Hippuris . xv., 127
maritima, RB. vulgaris.
vulgaris 5 Medel

Hladnichia.
golacensis, Burt. Ma-

labaila Hacquetii.
pastinacifolia, RB. Fal-
caria latifolia.

Holcus . xxii, 406
lanatus . 406
mollis . . . 406
Sorghum. Sorghum

vulgare.

Holosteum xxill., 56
umbellatuum. . . . 56

Homogyne lxx., 212
alpina . . 212
discolor 212
sylvestris . . 212

Honkenya, GR. & G. “AL

sine.

HorDEACE® 395, 417

Hordeum. . . xix., 420
bulbosum. . . . 420
crinitum. Blymus cri-

nitus.
distichum : . 420
europeum. Elymus eur.
hexastichon . . . 420
leporinum, GUSS. mu-

rinum ?
maritimum . . 420
murinum . . 420
nodosum, Guss. pratense.
pratense. . . . 420
pseudo-murinum, KocH.

murinum 8 . . 420
pubescens. marit.B . 420
secalinum. - pratense.
strictum . , 420
vulgare . 420.
Zeocriton . . 420

Horminum li., 286
pyrenaicum . . 286

Hottonia . . xxvili., 808
palustris . 303

Hugueninia . . . lix., 27
tanacetifolia :) 3 23 27

Humulus. ._ Ixxix., 331

468 INDEX.

; Page. Page
H. Lupulus . 331 H. rhagadioloides. Hedyp-
Hutchinsia li, 16 nois cretica.

alpina : 16| — scabra. . 174
brevicaulis 16 | Hypecoum xxy., 12
brevistyla . . . 16] glaucescens . 12
paucyfiora. Capsella grandiflorum » 428
pauciflora. pendulum 12
petreea 16] procumbens 12
procumbens. Caps. proc. HYPERICINES . .. 65
‘rotundifolia. ‘Thiaspi Hypericum lxiv., 65
rotundifolium. Androseemum 66
stylosa - 16} australe,Gr.&G. repens.
Hyacinthus . xhi., 366 barbatum : 67
amethystinus . 366) Burseri, GR. & G. Ri-
botryoides. Muscaribo- cheri.
tryoides. calycinum 66
ciliatus . 367] ciliatum . : 66
comosus. Musc.comos. commutatum, RB. per-
dubius . 866 foratum.
fastigiatus - 367| Coris . 66
nonscriptus . - 366] corsicum . 429
orientalis . . 367] — crispum 66
patulus . 866{ dubium 66
vacemosus. Muscari rac. elegans 67
yomanus . . 366| Elodes BT ero tarts LOM
serotinus . . 3661 fimbriatum. Richeri.
trifoliatus . 367) hircinum . AI ops o18)
HyYDROCHARIDED . 845 | hirsutum . 66
Hydrocharis. . lxxx., 345] humifusum 66
Morsus-Rane . 845 —hyssopifolium 66
Hydrocotyle . xxxii., 143 linariifolium . 66
imundatum, SM. Helo- maculatum 66
sciadium inundatum. montanum Se eOG
natans b - 143) neapolitanum. quad-
schkuhriana, Re. vulgaris. rangulum.
vulgaris 143] nummularium 66
HyDROCOTYLERX oath, 143 perfoliatum . 67
Hymenocarpus. Medicago. perforatum ©. 66
HYMENOPHYLLEZ Ixxxi., pulchrum. 66
Ixxxil., 426] quadrangulum . 66
Hymenophyllum lxxxii.,426| repens. 66
tunbridgense . . 426) Richeri , . 67
Wilsoni . 426) tetrapterum. quadrang.
Hyoscyamus. . xxix., 259] -tomentosum . See G7
albus . . 259] veronense : . 66
aureus . 259 | HypocH@RIDE= lxiy. ike 175
auriculatus . 259| Hypocheris . Inv. 175
niger . . 259 arachnoidea. glabra B 175
HyosERipE# Ixiv., Ixv., 174) Baldisw. glabray . 175
Hyoseris . lxv., 174 glabra . PPTs iican vay od WY Ra)
cretica. Hedypnois cret. helvetica. Achyropho-

Jetida. Aposeris fot. rus helveticus.

Hedypnois. Fae cret. maculata, Achyropho-

lucida . : 174 rus maculatus.

minima, GUSS. " Arno- neapolitana . . 175
seris pusilla. pinnatifida, DUBY. iA

radiata . 174 chyrophorus pinnatif.

: Page.
H. radicata . ~ 9 Wns
uniflora. Achyropho-
rus helveticus.
EZyssopus . hi., 287
officinalis . . 287
Iberis . . lvi., 14
amara. . ae
aurosica, GR. &G. nana.
bernhardiana, GR.& G.
ciliata.
bicorymbifera 428
ciliata Gn 15
Durand. intermedia 7 15
garrexiana 15
integerrima . 14
intermedia 15
linifolia 15
nana . 15
pinnata iierenaielo
Prostit. intermedia 8 15
Pruiti . 15
pyrenaica 18
saxatilis . 15
semperflorens 15
sempervirens. garrexiana.
spatulata . . . . 1d
tenoreana 14
unbellata 5 es
Violetr. intermediad . 15
Dex iy cain. xxv., 73
Aquifolium . 73
Tllecebrum . xxxi., 130
echinatum. Paronychia
echinata.
longisetum. Paron.longis.
niveum. Paron. nivea.
Paronychia. Paronychia
argentea.
polygonifolium. Parony-
chia polyg.
serpyllifolium. Parony-
chia capitata.
verticilatum 130
Impatiens SaoG, PI
fulva . 71
Noli me tangere 71
Imperata . xx., 395
cylindrica . 395
Imperatoria . xxxvi., 154
angustifolia . . 154
Chabret. Palimbia
Chabreei.
Ostruthinm . . 154
Inula . lxvin., 195
bifrons . 195
britannica . 196

j Page.
I, Bubonium, RB. squarr.
campestris, RB. Oculus-
Christi.
Conyza 5 5
crithmoides . oo aSKG
dysenterica. Pulicaria
dysenterica.
ensifolia . . 195
germanica . 195
graveolens wl9G
helenioides . 196
Helenium . 195
hirta . . 196
hybrida 5 IB
media . . 195
montana. ... . 196
Oculus-Christi . 5 EE

odora. Pulicaria odora.
Oetieliana, RB. britann.

provincialis . lO
salicina eG
semiamplexicaulis oe hO6
spireifolia . 196
squarrosa . . 196
suaveolens OG
tuberosa. Jasonia tu-
berosa.
Vaillantii . . 195
viscosa, pulicaniaees vise.
INULEE . ixviti., 194
Tpomcea saan, 250
sagittata . . 250
IRIDER . O57
Tris . . xvu., 358
biflora . 859
bohemica . . 0d9
Chameeiris . 3859
Fieberi . 359
florentina . 838
foetidissima . . 859
germanica | . 358
graminea . . 859
hungarica . 359
juncea . 360
lutescens . . 359
nudicaulis, RB. hohemica,
pallida 358

pratensis, DUBY. sibirica,

Pseudacorus . . 3859
pumila . 859
sambucina . B59
scorpioides . 359
sibirica 5 oH)
Sisyrinchium . 360
spuria . . 859
squalens . . 358
tuberosa . . 360

INDEX.

Page.

I. variegata . . 859
xyphioides . 859

Isatis lyiii., 21
alpina . 21
canescens . ; 21
precox, RB. tinctoria.
rostellata . 21
tinctoria . A 21

Isnardia xxv., 126
palustris . . 126

Isoetes Ixxxil., 427
lacustris . » 427

Isopyrum . Alycia bate)
thalictroides. . . . 8

Izia. Romulea.

Jasione BU EXKINAE ZO O
humilis : . 236
littorals. montana. 7 . 236
major. tmontanaB . 236
montana . . 236
perennis . . 236

JASMINER . ~ « 244

Jasminum xv., 244
fruticans . . 244
humile d . 244
officinale . . . 244

Jasonia . Ixviil., 195
glutinosa . . 195
sicula . . 195
tuberosa . . 195

Juglans regia . . 831

JUNCE® . 5 15) GHB)

Juncus xlii., 374
acutiflorus 5 OMe)
acutus . . 374
alpinus oD
ambiguus . 376
anceps BHT)
arcticus . . 874
articulatus. Aenifloras

and lamprocarpus.
atratus Fo Be
balticus . oA
bicephalus . 376
bightmis . . . . . 375
brevirostris, acutifl. B 376
bufonius. . 5) bo HD)
bulbosus, DUBY. com- .

pressus,
capitatus . . 376
castaneus . 375
Castelli, Guss. Saat,
communis. conglomer-

atus and effusus:
compressus . . 376
conglomeratus . d74

4.69
Page.
J. diffusus . B74
effusus . 374
ericetorum, DUBY. ca-
pitatus.
Sasciculatus, BERT. bu-
fonius B.
filiformis . . 875
fistulosus . 2) en Oat
Jluitans, DuBy. uligi-
nosus.
Gerardi . 376
glancus . 374
Hostii . . 375
hybridus, Guss. bufon.
insulanus. bufonius B. 376
Jacquini . . 374
lagenarius . 375
lamprocarpus . 375
maritimus . 74
melananthus, RB. Aerate
multibracteatus . . d74
multiflorus . 375
nigritellus . 875
obtusiflorus . . 875
paniculatus . . B74
pygmeeus . 376
repens Rane to, BHO)
rigidus. woaritimus B 374
siculus, Guss. multifl.
spheerocarpus . 376
squarrosus . 376
striatus . 375
stygius . 375
supinus . 376
Tenageia . 376
tenuis . . 376
triandrus . . 376
trifidus . 875
triglumis . . . 075
uliginosus. supinus.
Juniperus Ixxx., 243
communis - . 843
Lobelii . . 343
lycia, RB. pheenicia.
macrocarpa . 343
nana . 343
Oxycedrus 343
phenicia . 343
Sabina . 843
turbinata . 343
Jurinea. Serratula 219
Kalbfussia . lxvi., 177
Milleri 177

Kentrophyllum Ixxiii., ., 228
lanatum = . Se 225:
turbinatum é . 228

470

- Page.

Kernera. Cochlearia.

Knappia . xxil., 401
agrostidea. oinima.
minima arg 400

Knautia . xxiv., 171
arvensis . . . 5 yf
campestris. arvensis B 171
collina. arvensis 6 . 171
hybrida . 171

integrifolia. arvensis € 171
longifolia. sylvatica 8 171
rigidiuscula. arvens.y 171

sylvatica . Ssue arp
Kobresia . . ixxvi., 383
caricina . . 383
scurpina. Klyna spicata.
Kochia Al c:o-0)s4
arenaria . . 313
hirsuta. . 313
hyssopifolia . . 313
prostrata. . . . 313
scoparia . 313
Koeleria . xxi, 407
albescens . . 407
Barrelieri. villosa.
brachystachya . . . 407
ceerulescens . . . 407
calycina, DuBY. Schis-
mus calycinus.
cristata : . 407
discolor, Guss. villosa.
glauca : . 407
gracilis, Guss. setacea.
grandiflora - 407
hirsuta . 407
hispida : . 407
intermedia, Guss. AilL
Linki . 407
macilenta . . 407
phleeoides . 407
setacea. valesiacaB . 407
subspicata, RB. Trise-
tum subspicatum.
valesiaca . . . 407
villosa . 407
Koniga. . ek, 19
halimifolia 19
lapeyrousiana 19
leucadeea . 19
macrocarpa - . 19
maritima . 19
pyrenaica . 19
rupestris . 19
spinosa Aa ecgnay id 8)
Krubera . . xxxvii., 154
dichotoma 154

leptophylla. dichotoma.

INDEX.

Page.
LaBIATa ; 989
Lactuca | thea. ., 192
augustana, RB. sagit.
Chaixi 36 .o JIGB}
cichoriifolia . . 192
cerulea. perennis.
longidentata . . 193
muralis . 193
perennis .. . 192
sagittata .. . 198
saligna . 193
sativa. . . 193
Scariola . 198
segusiana . . 193
stricta . 198
Henercimas ne si) aru eo
vuminea. Pheenopus
vimineus.
virosa. . 5 5 NEB)
Lagurus xxi, 404
ovatus oot AOA
Lamarckia. Cynosurus.
Lamium hii., 292
album . . 292
amplexicaule . 292
bifidum . . 292 |.
cryptanthum, Guss. dif
dissectum, RB. incisum.
flexuosum . 292
garganicum . . . . 292
hirsutum. roaculatum.
hybridum. incisum.
incisum . 292
intermedium. . 292
levigatum. maculat. B 292
longiflorum . . 292
maculatum . 292
Orvala : 51g 2
pedemontanum, Re. lon-
giflorum.
pubescens . 292
purpureum . 292
tomentosum . . 292
Lappa. Arctium.
Lappago xxi., 397
racemosa . eno Of
Lapsana Ixv., 173
communis . . 173)
fetida. Aposeris feetida.
minima. Arnos. pusilla.
Laprsane® . lxiv., lxv., 173
Larbrea. Stellaria.
Lariz. Pinus.
Laserpitium . xxxvil., 154
alpinum . vipa) DD
aquilegifolium, DuBY.
alpinwn.

Page.
L. Archangelica . 154
asperum. \atifolium B . 155
cynapiifolium ... . 155
galicum . . 155
garganicum . . 155
Gaudinil . 4. 9 LE
glabrum, \atifolium.
hirsutum... .. .. . . 155
latifolium . 155
marginatum . . 155
Nestleri . 432
nitidum ; eeecellpd
Panac. hirsutum.
peucedanoides . 155
prutenicum . . 155
siculum . 155
Siler eaaeaae . 155
trilobum, RB. alpinum.
verticillatum . 433

Lasiagrostis. Achnatherum.

Lastrea . lxxxi., 423
cristata . 423
dilatata . 423
Filix-mas . . 424
Fenisecii . 423
Oreopteris . 424
pallida . 424,
rigida . . 424
spinulosa . . 423
Thelypteris .. . 424

Lathrea . ... Ivi., 281
clandestina . 281
Squamaria . 282

Lathyrus . bxi., 107
affinis, GUSS. Aphaca
alatus . 5 5 Js
angulatus . 108
annuus . 108
Aphaca . 107
articulatus . 109
asphodeloides, GR. and

G. Orobus albus.
bithynicus. Vicia bithy-

nica.
canescens, GR. & G.

Orobus canescens.
Cicera. 108
ciliatus, GR. & G. Oro-

bus saxatilis.
cirrhosus . 5 Loy
Clymenum Bee 08
ensifolius. \atifolins B 107
ery thrinus) =) see O8
Gorgon, GUSS. Cicera?
grandiflorus . . 108
heterophyllus . 107
hirsutus . 108

INDEX.

Page. Page.
L. hirtus . 108 L. punctata . 64
incouspicuus . 108} — sylvestris . 64
incurvus, RB. palustris. thuringiaca 64
latifolius . 1 107 triloba 64.
macrorrhiza, GR. & G. trimestris 64
Orobus tuberosus, unguiculata . . . 64
maritemus. Pisum ma- Lecokia xxxvill., 161
ritimum. cretica elie OM
micranthus . . . 108} Ledum xlv., 243
montanus, GR. & G. palustre . . 243
Orobus luteus. Leersia xxi., 397
niger, GR. & G. Orobus oryzoides . 5d OU
niger. LEGUMINOSE . . 75
Nissolia . 107 | Lemna . xvii., 849
Ochrus . 109} arrhiza . . d49
odoratus . . 108) gibba . . 849
palustris . . LO7!. minor 349
platyphyllos . . 107| — polyrrhiza 349
pratensis . . 107| trisulea 349
purpureus . . . 109) Lemnaces . . B49
sativus . 108 | Lens, Gr. & G. " Ervun.
sepium. pratensis. LENTIBULARIE . 298
setifolius. . . 108 | Leontice ext
spheericus a) ALOy/ Leontopetalum . roll
stans . . 108 | Leontodon -) Invas 176
sylvestris . . 107| alpinum, Re. hastilis.
tenuifolius eeOD |e aspera. LT
tuberosus OZ, autumnalis era
variegatus, GR. & G. Berinii : iid
Orobus variegatus. biscutellifolius sedi
vernus, GR.& G. Oro- crispus Sai
bus vernus. croceus. pyren. B & ¥ 176
Laurentia. xxx., 236] dubius, RB. hastilis e. 176
Michelii . 936] hastilis . Se lyAs)
tenella . 236) hispidus. hastilis B . 176
LavRINES . . 322} hyoseridifolium. hasti-
Laurus . . xliv., 322 lis 6 Paes 76
nobilis . . 822! incanns lug
Lavandula lii., 282] lucidus eG
dentata . 282) minimum, Guss. Dare
latifolia. Spica. acum officinale.
multifida . . 283} pratensis. autumnalis 8 177
pyrenaica. veraB . 283) pyrenaicus iG
Spica .. . 283] Rosani nail
Steechas . . 282| saxatilis . See luCe
vera . 283] siculus. hastilisy. . 176
Lavatera . 3 Ix, 64| - sguamosus, DuBY. py-
agrigentina . 64 renaicus.
ambigua .. 64; Taraxaci jg Wee
arborea 64| Taraxacum. Tayaxa-
biennis 64. cum officinale.
cretica 64| tenuiflorus 5) ay
hispida 64| Villarsii 5 Lele
maritima . . . 64|LEontopontTExZ . lxiv.,
neapolitana. sylvestris. lxvi., 176
Olbiaaaneie 64| Leonurus . hii., 292
pallescens, BERT. triloba. Cardiaca . . 292

471
Page.
L. Marrubiastrum . 290:
LEPIDINE lvi., 16
Lepidium lyu., 16
bonannianum 17
campestre 16
Draba . 16
graminifolium 17
heterophyllum Mi, 428
hirtum : 16
humifusum 1L7/
Tberis. graminifolium.
latifolium ale
nebrodense. bonann:
perfoliatum . 17
ruderale . i7/
sativum 5 NG
Smithii 16, 428
Villarsii . 428
virginicum . . . . 428
Lepigonum. Alsine . 53
Leptochloa xx., 402
arabica 3 402
Lepturus . xix., 420
ceylindricus . . 420
fasciculatus . 420
filiformis . 420
incurvatus 420
pannonicus 420
Leucanthemum . ae. 205
atratum 205
cebennense 205
corsicum . 205
graminifolium 205
heterophyllum 205
lanceolatum . 205
latifolium 205
maximum : 205
montanum . . 205
pallens 205
vulgare 5 fo 210K
Leucojum xl 862
eestivum . 5 oO Cue
autumnale 362
hyemale 362
roseum . 362
tr ichophyllum. ¥ roseum,
vernum el ete
Theuzea lxxtii., 230
conifera ares 0)
Levisticum xxxvi., L51
officinale . 5 NO
vulgare, RB. officinale.
Libanotis . xxxv., 149
athamantoides. monta-
num B , 149
cretensis. Athamanta.
cretica.

A472
Page.

i" daucifolia, montana 6 149
Matthioli. Ath. Matth.
montana . . 149
pubescens. montana y 149
sibirica, KocH. montana ?
sicula. Atham. sic.
verticillata . 149
vulgaris, DC. montana.

Ligularia . lxx., 212
sibirica alo cae

LiGuLAT& . lxiv., 173

Ligusticum . xxxv., 150
corsicum . . 432
ferulaceum - 150
pyrenzeum . 150
resinosum . 150
scoticum . . 150
Seguieri . 150

Ligustrum Xvi., 244
vulgare Nitin . 244

Lilac, Dupy. Syringa.

LILiacEx LOE eS OS.

Lilium xli., 364
bulbiferum . . . . 364
candidum . . 364
earniolicum . . 865
Martagon . 365
Pomponium . . 865
pyrenaicum . . . 865

Limnanthemum, Kocu. Vil-

larsia.

Limodorum . .. lxxiv., 349
abortivum . . 349
spheerolabium . 849

Limosella .lv., 266
aquatica . . 266

Linaria ly., 264
acutangula . 264
eequitriloba . 264
alpina . . 266
alsinifolia.. ’ 264
angustifolia, RB. italica.
aparinoides . 265
arenaria . . 266
arvensis . 265
Bauhini. vulgaris 7 ¥ . 265
Candolli . . 266
capraria . 266
chalepensis . 265
chlorefolia, RB. genist,
cirrhosa . . 264
commutata . 264
Cymbalaria . . 264
Elatine . 264
flava . 266
genistifolia . 265
glauca . . 266

INDEX.

Page.
LL, greeca . . 264
humilis, Guss. supina.
hepaticifolia . . 264
italica Bio a Pas
juncea, DUBY. spartea.
juncea, RB. . odora.
linifolia . 265
littoralis . . 266
Loeselii, Kocu. “dora.
maritima, RB. . odora.
micrantha . 265
minor . . 266
odora . . 265
origanifolia . 266
pallida . 264
pelisseriana . . 265
pilosa . . 264.
preetermissa . . 266
Prestrandrese . 264
pubescens, Guss. pilosa.
purpurea . . 265
reflexa . . 266
rubrifolia . 266
rupestris, GUSS. rubri-
folia.
saxatilis, DUBY. aren.
simplex . 265
spartea . . . . . 265
speciosa. vulgaris B . 265
spuria . eae 264
striata 2 265
stricta, GUSS. aparinoid.
supina. . . 266
thymifolia . 266
triphylla . . 265
versicolor . 265
vulgaris 5) 6 oH)
Lindernia . lv., 266
Pyxidaria . . 266
LINE ail 60
Linnea lvi., 163
borealis . 163
Linosyris . . Ixviii., 197
vulgaris go LOY
Linum xxxix., 60
alpinum . 60
angustifolium 60
aureum 61
austriacum 60
campanulatum . 61
capitatum, RB. serru-
latum.
catharticum . 61
corymbulosum. aureum.
cribrosum, GUSS, an-
gustifolium.
decumbens 61

Page.
L. flavum . 61
gallicum . 2) a) Olt
glandulosum, DuBy.
campanulatum and
flavum.
hirsutum . 61
leve, RB. rarponencel
Leoni 60
maritimum . SpA Gi
montanum. alpmum. -
Mulleri 61
narbonense 60
nodiflorum 61
perenne 60
piligerum 61
punctatum 60
salsoloides 61
serrulatum 61
siculum Ara eeaeaay G ()
spicatum, GUSS. stric-
tum.
strictum . . 61
suffruticosum, Gr. & G.
salsoloides.
tenuifolium . 61
usitatissimum 60
viscosum . 61
Liparis. . . . Ixxv., 356
Loeselii ‘ 356
Listera . Ixxiv., 355
cordata a 355
ovata . . 855
Lithospermum xxvil., 254
apulum . 254
arvense . 254
calabrum . . 254
fruticosum . 254
Gastoni . . . 254
graminifolium . . . 254
Incrassatum . . 254
Lehmanni . 254
minimum . 254
officinale . . 254
oleifolium . 254
prostratum . 254
purpuro-ceruleum . . 254
rosmarinifolium . . 254
Splitgerberi . . 254
tinetorium 5g eal
Littorella . . Ixxvi., 309
lacustris . 5 6 CY
Lloydia i 365
serotina . . 365
Lobelia xxx., 236
Bivone. Uaurentia te-
nella.
Dortmanna . . 236

Page.

L. Gasparrimt.. Laurentia

Michelii.

Laurentia. Laurentia
Michelii.

minuta. Laurentia te-
nella.

tenella. Laurentia te-
nella.

urens . . 236

LoBELIACE® . 236

Lobularia, Kocn. Koniga.

Leeflingia . MpxVales Vall:
hispanica . Beye loll

Logfia. Filago.

Lolium xix., 417
arvense amen alS
complanatum, RB. li-

nicola.
festucaceum, Rs. Fes-
tuca loliacea.
italicum . - AlT
linicola . ALT
multifiorum . . ALT
perenne. . 417
rigidum. . ALT
robustum, RB. temu-
lentum.
siculum ALT
strictum . . 417
temulentum . . 417
tenue. perenneB. . 417

Lomatogonium xxxil., 246

carinthiacum . 246
LomEntTacEs& . lvi., lviii., 22
Lonas . lxix., 206

inodora 4206
Lonicera . Se xEKel 62

adenocarpa, GUSS. im-

plexa.

alpigena . . . 163

baleariea, Duy. im-

plexa.

ceerulea . 163

canescens . 163

Caprifolium . - 162

etrusca . 162

implexa . 162

nigra... 5g OS

pallida, RB. Caprifo-
lium.

Periclymenum . . 163

pyrenaica.. . . 163

Xylosteum . 163
Lophocachrys xxxviii., 160

echinophora . . 160

pungens. echinoph. 8 160
LorRaANTHACER . . . 162

INDEX.
Page.
Loranthus xl., 162
europeus . TOS
Loroglossum. Orchis.
Lorna 5
Lotus Txil., 95
Allioni, GR. &G. cyti-
soides.
angustissimus 95
biflorus. Tetragonolo-
bus biflorus.
ciliatus 95
commutatus 95
conimbrensis a.6
conjugatus. 'Tetrago-
nolobus conjugatus.
corniculatus . 96
coronillifolius 95
creticus 95
cytisoides 95
decumbens 96
Dioscoridis 95
edulis . A Neg RSS
hirsutus. Doryenium
hirsutum.
hispidus . 95
lateralis. 96
major . 96

maritimus, Guss. Tetra-
gonolobus siliquosus.

ornithopodioides 95
parviflorus. Doryenium
parviflorum.
patens | 95
peregrinus 95
pilosissemus, DUBY. ‘his-
pidus.
prostratus,Guss. cyti-
soides.
pusillus Seo
rectus. Doryen. rect.
sericeus.. Doryenium
hirsutum.
siliquosus. Tetragono-
lobus siliquosus.
tenuifolius. decumbens.
tenuis, Guss. cornic.B 96
tenuis, GR. & G. — de-
cumbens.
Tetragonolobus. Tetra-
gonolobus purpureus.
uliginosus. major.
Lunaria lvii., 21
annua, LINN. biennis.
biennis 21
rediviva . 21
Lupinus Ixu., 110
albus . . 110

Page.

L. angustifolius 110
Cosentini . 110
hirsutus . 110
linifolius . 110
luteus . 110
micranthus 110
pilosus 110
Termis 110
varius 4 110

Luzula . xli., 377
albida . 377
arcuata oui
campestris sh eo
congesta. multiflora B 377
erecta, Guss. multiflora.
flavescens 377
Forsteri_ . 377
glabrata . 377
greeca . 377
lutea . a 377
maxima. sylvatica.
multiflora og BUT
nigricans. roultifl. y . 377
nivea.. eo Su OND
parviflora . 377
pediformis OTK
pilosa . . 377
spadicea . 377
spicata laa! Subpettteay i
sudetica, DUBY. cam-

pestris.
sylvatica . oo OL
vernalis.. pilosa.

Lychnis -xlyii., 52
alpina. . 52
Ceeli-Rosa 52
coronaria . i 52
corsica. eta.
dioica. diurna and ves-

pertina.

diurna bi 52
Flos-Cuculi_. 52
Flos-Jovis 53
Githago . 53
leeta 52
pyrenaica OH 52
sylvestris. diurna.

vespertina 52

. Viscaria . , Dee

Lycium 5 20:0. PE7/
afrum . 257
barbarum . 258
europeeum eae Hal

Lycopersicum. Solanum.

LycopopracE& ~ Ixxxi.,

lxxxil., 427

Lycopodium . lxxxii., 427

356 Marsilea .

AG 4 INDEX.
Page. Page.
L. alpinum . 427 M. monophylla .
annotinum . 427) paludosa . . . 006
Chameecyparissias . . 427 | Malcomia . 5 lix., 28
clavatum . . 427) africana 28
complanatum . 427) — littorea 28
denticulatum . 427) maritima . 28
helveticum . 427 | orsiniana . 28
inundatum - 427| parviflora . 28
selaginoides . - 427 | Malope. . Ix. 62
Selago . . 427} malacoides 62
Leycopsis . . xxvii, 257 | Malus. Pyrus.
arvensis . 257 | Malva . . Ix., 62
crispa. Anchusa crispa. INI Ceamenaeiints Oe
orientalis. . altheoides, Gr. & G.
pulla. Nonnea pulla. cretica.
variegata . . . 257] ambigua . Bre Bite Or
Lycopus il 284] Bismalva, Re. Alcea.
europeus . . 284] bivoniana 63
exaltatus . . 284] borealis 63
Lygeum . Xvili., 398] — cretica 62
Spartum . . 398] — erecta . 62
Lysimachia . . xxvii., 299 excelsa 63
ciliata . . 299| fastigiata, Dusy. Alcea,
Ephemerum . . 299| — flexuosa ‘ 63
Linum-stellatum . 299] hirsuta 62
nemorum . 299] hispanica . : 62
Nummularia . . 299] cttalica, Re. Alcea.
punctata . . 299} mauritiana 63
thyrsiflora . 299] microcarpa. parvt p 4.29
verticillata, RB. punc- Morenii 62
tata. moschata . 62
vulgaris . 299] niceensis . 63
LYTHRARLE . . 127) parviflora. . 63
Lythrum . xlvii., 127] polymorpha . 62
bibracteatum. Thymiel, rotundifolia . 63
geminiflorum . 128] — sulcata 63
Greefferi .. . 128] — sylvestris . 63
Hyssopifolia . . 127) tomentella 62
Preslii . 128) tournefortiana 62
Salicaria . . 128] vulgaris, RB. rotundifol.
Thymifolia . 127] Matvacem . 62
virgatum . . 128|Mandragora . xxviii., |, 258
microcarpa . 258
Magydaris . xxxviii., 161 officmarum . 258
panacina . - 161] vernalis e208
tomentosa . 161) Marrubium . liv., 295
Maianthemum . xxiv., 363} Alysson 33 CO
bifohum . . 363] apulum. vulgare.
Majorana . lii., 287] candidissimum . . 295
Onites . . 287] creticum, RB. pere-
Malabaila. . xxxvii., 160 grinum.
Hacquetii . 160} pannonicum . . 295
Malachium,Kocu. Ceras- peregrinum . . 295
tium. radiatum , . 295
Malaxis . Ixxv., 356} sapinum. candidiss.
Loeselu, Dusy. Liparis Vaillantii . . 296
Loeselii. vulgare . 296

Page.

Ixxxil., 427

natans. Salvinia natans.
pubescens - 427
quadrifolia » AQT
Marsitiacrz .~ Ixxxi.,
Ixxxii., 427
Matvricaria Ixx., 206
Chamomilla . . 206

wnodora. Pyrethr. inod.
maritima. Pyrethr.
suaveolens, DuBy. Cha-

mar.

momilla.

Matthiola. . . . lix., 28
annua . hs RESO
coronopifolia . 28
incana 28
patens 28
rupestris . 28
sinuata, 3°55 28
tricuspidata . 28
tristis . Pees.
undulata . te eae)
varia . 4 s 5 BS

Meconopsis . xlix., 12
cambrica . Rates dirs
edicago . lxii., 83

Mapennina . 84
apiculata . 86
arborea 83
Braunii OO
cancellata, Trn. te-

noreana A 86
Carstiensis 86
ciliaris 86
circinata . 83
coronata . 86
crinita 86
cuneata z . 84
cupaniana, Guss. lu-

pulina.
Decandollu, Guss. mu-

ricoleptis.
denticulata 86
disciformis 85
Echinus Lae OO
Giamms 6 6 6 5 ol Bh
falcata 83
flexuosa 86
Gerardi . . 85
glomerata, RB. falcata.
glutinosa . . 83
greca. ‘minima B. 85
Helix . 3 84,
Histrix, Guss. lappacea,
intertexta OO
laciniata . 85
lappacea . 85

M. leiocarpa
littoralis .
lunata, RB.
lupulina .
maculata .
marginata
marina
media, RB.
minima
mollissima, Rs. 1 minima.
Murex
muricata .
muricoleptis .
neglecta .
obscura
oliviformis
orbicularis
pentacycla
polycarpa, Gr. & G.
apic. and dentic.

preecox

procumbens .

prostrata .

pubescens, DUBY. tri-
buloides.

radiata, 5

recta. minima vy .

reticulata .

rigidula

sativa .

scutellata

Soleirollii

spheerocarpa .

spinosa, GUSS. obscura B

spinulosa, GUSS. mere

striata

suffruticosa

tenoreana

Terebellum

tornata

tribuloides

truncatulata .

tuberculata

turbinata .

uncinata, RB. pentacye.

Willdenovii, Bonn, lu-
pulina B

Willdenovit, Guss. a-
pennina? .

Melampyrum
arvense —
barbatum.. .
cristatum .
nemorosum .
pratense .
sylvaticum

radiata

sativa.

ifr.

INDEX.

Page. Page. Page
84 Melia Azederach . 68|M.gentilis. pratensis.
85 | Melica . . xxi, 407} gracilis . 284
Baubini : - 407) — gratissima, RB. sylvest.
83| ciliata . _ 407) hirsuta. aquaticaa . 283
86} Cupani . 407) = hirta, Re. nepetoides.
84] minuta : . 408 incana, RB. sylvestris 283
85} nebrodensis . . 408} tntermedia, RB. aquatica.
nutans . . 408} macrostachya . . . 283
85] pyramidalis . . 408} nepetoides . 283
ramosa . 408} odorata, RB. aquatica.
85] uniflora . 408) palustris, RB. arvensis.
85 | Melilotus . Ii, 87| piperita . 284
86] alba 87| preecox . 284
85} altissima . 87| pratensis . . . 283
84] arvensis 87| pubescens, Re. pet
85} ceerulea 87| Pulegium. : . 284
84} compacta. 87| pyramidals, TEN. pi-
86| dentata 87 perita.
elegans 87| Requieni . . 284
gracilis 87| Rosanc. sylvestris y . 283
86| infesta 88| rotundifolia . . 283
83] italica. 87} rubra. . 284
83| Kochana . . 87| sativa . . 284
leucantha. alba. suavis . . 283
littoralis . 87} sylvestris . Jinculmeso
83| macrorrhiza. altissima 87| undulata. sylvestris 5 283
85] messanensis, . . . 88] urticifolia doo, ehh)
85| neapoltana. Saar verticillata. aquat. 8 283
85) officmalis, . . 87} villosa. Se B . 283
83] parviflora 87| viridis . 283
84] petitpierrana, officinalis, MENTHOIDER . i, ‘lit, 283
84| suleata . . . . . 8%}Menyanthes . xxviii, 246
85] uncinata . . 87! trifoliata . . 246
84.| Melissa . li., 289 | Menziesta, DuBy. Dabeocia.
84! altissima, Guss. offici- Mercurialis . lxxx., 330
84 nalis B . . . 290} ambigua. annua.
84] cordifolia. officinalis 8 290} annua. . 330
86} — officinalis 289] elliptica . ~ 330
86| pyrenaica. Horminum ovata . . 330
84. pyrenaicum. perennis . . 380
85| villosa. officinalis 8B . 290] tomentosa . . 330
84} MELISSINEA li., lii., 288 | Merendera xlii., 373
84| Melittis . . iii, 291 Bulbocodium one
84] albida, Guss. Melisso- Mesembryanthemum
phyllum. xlix., 135
grandiflora. Melissoph. erystallinum . . 135
84} Melissophyllum. . . 291] nodiflorum oo 6 Hees
Mentha lii., 283 | Mespilus . . Xivili., 124
84] acutifolia, RB. gracilis. . Amelanchier. Ayonia
272| angustifolia. . . . 284 rotundifolia.
272} aquatica . . 283] Azarolus. Crateegus
é . 27 2] arvensis . 284 Azarolus.
. 272} balsamea, RR. sylvestris. Chamemespilus. Sor-
. 272) canescens, RB. sylvestris. bus Chamzemespilus,
. 2731 cervina. Preslia cerv. Cotoneaster. Cotoueas-
273) citrata eee Nan dsy ter vulgaris.
dentata, RB. sativa. germanica . 124

Melandrium, Coss, ‘Lychnis,

38P 2

476

Pa
M. Insegne, Guss. Crate-
gus Oxyacantha.
laciniata, Guss. Cra-
teegus Oxyacantha.
monogyna. Crateegus
Oxycantha.
Oxyacantha. Crategus
Oxyacantha.
oxyacanthordes.
Oxyacantha.
pyracantha, Crat.pyrac.
tomentosa, BERT. Co-
toneaster vulgaris.

Crat.

triloba. Crat. Oxyac.
vulgaris, RB. germanica.

Metabasis . . lxvi., 175
eetnensis . pula
eretensis . 3g Altes

Meum . . xxxv., 150
athamanticuin . 150
caruifohum =. - 150
corsicum. : . 150
Mutellina . . 150
pyrenaicum . . 150
rigidulum. 150
tenuifolium. Wallrothia

tenuifolia.

Mibora. Knappia.

Microlonechus lxxiii., 230
salmanticus . .. 230

Micromeria . ile 288
approximata . . 288
canescens 5 a ees
cosentina. grecaB . 288
greeca . 5 6) o oaks)
juliana . 288
marifolia . . 285
microphylla . . 288
montana, RB. Satureja

montana.
nervosa 56 in eek
Piperellajees se) ees
Pulegiumis yin ee eo
pygmed, RB. Satureja
pygmeea.
yupestris . bd ig AS)
spicata, RB. Satureja
montana.
tenuifolia . . 288
thymoides bot on Chehe
variegata, RB. Satureja
variegata.

Micropus . . Ixxi., 215
bombycinus . . 215
erectus . 215
supinus by oe, Ralls)

Milium xxul., 399

ge.
M. cerulescens. Piptath-

INDEX.

Page

erum ceerulescens.
confertum, GSS. vernale.
confertum, RB. effusum.
effusum , . 399
lendigerum. Gastrid. lend.
multiflorum. Piptathe-
rum multiflorum.

muticum. Gastridium
muticum.
paradoxum. Piptathe-

rum paradoxum.
scabrum, BERT. vernale.

vernale ay Bye)
Millina . . lxvi., 177
leontodontoides . 5 Wi
Mcehringia xlvi., 56
dasyphylla, Gr. & G.
Pone.
diversifolia . . . . 57
glauco-virens 433
MUO, 5 6 4 5 6 BO
papulosay.) 1) 0/57
pentandra 4.29
polygonoides . . . 57
Ponsa vai Smee aie g
sedifoliayy: 92) MWe ie obi
thomasiana . 433
irINeLviane ee ween Ie ONT:
vaillosay)) 409130" 2
Meenchia . xlvii.,
ELECha ie mh est aren mates :
IMATLICANS Nl EE EGITO.S
OCLANUT. Cia ee OS
Molinia . xxill., 408
ceerulea . 408
littoralis, RB. ceerulea.
serotina . . - . 408
MSI OpOa Teentaal
xxxviiL, 160
Cicutarium . 160
peloponnesiacum. Cicut.
Moluccella .. . Iii, 295
Srutescens. Ballota frut.
spinosa 5 og ee
Momordica lxxvii., 129
Elaterium cel 29
MoONARDESX hi, hi., 284
MonocHLAMYDEZ . . 311
MONOCOTYLEDONES . 345
Monotropa . . xlv., 243
glabra, RB. Hypopitys.
Hypopitys . . . . 243

multiflora. Hypopit. 8 243

Montia . . xxi, 129
fontana : 129
minor. fontana.

5 Page.
M. rivularis . 430
Moricandia lix., 25

PIMOS G gogo 6. me
Morisia. . . . lv, 22
hypozzea ewes eee 2
WHO} 5 5 5 og 331
alba 331
mista eee . ddl
Mulgedium . . Ixvii., 188
alpinum . . 188
Plumieri . . . 188
Muscari xli., 367
botryoides . 367
commutatum =. . 367
comosum . . 367
cupanianum, GUSS. co-
mosum? -
maritimum . . 367
parviflorum . . 367
racemosum . 867
Myagrum . lyii., 22
perfoliatum . 5 6b ae

Mylinum, Bert. Selinam,
Myosotis . . xxvii, 253
alpestris . . . 253
apula. Lithospermum
apulum.
annua, DUBY. arvensis.
arvensis . . . . . 200
cespitosa. . . . |. 253
collina . . 299
defleca. . Wchinosper-
mum deflexum.
hispida. collina.
incrassata
intermedia. arvensis.
Lappula. Ychinosper-
mum Lappula.
laxiflora, RB. palustris.
lithospermifolia. sylvat.
lutea, DuBY. versicolor.

. 253

micrantha . 2538
multiflora 2 258

nana. Kritrichum nanum.
palustris . . . 253
perennis, DuBY. palust.

pusilla . 253
repens . . 253
sparsiflora . 203

strigulosa, RB. palustris.
stricta Stic
suaveolens, Rs. sylvat.

sylvatica . . 203
variabilis . . 253
versicolor . 253
Myosurus . li., 4
MTMUS eye ee

ee a ee

i i a ye aT i ee

Page.
Myrica Ixxix., 349
Gale . 842
Myricaria. . Tamarix.
Myricra 332, 842
Myriophyllum _ Ixxvii., 126
alternifolium . . 126
imtermedium.
latum B . 126
pectinatum. vertic. y 126

pinnatifidum. vertic. a 126

siculum, GUSS.

spicatum .
verticillatum

. 126

. 126

Myrrhis. (See also Chee-
rophyllum.) xxxvii., 160

odorata . 160
Myrraces.. 5 129
Myrtus iii, 129

communis . 129

mucronata. communis B 129

tarentina . . 433
Naias . Lxxv., 348

alagnensis . 348

flexilis . 848

major . . 848

marina, RB.

minor . , 848
Wananthea .» 205

perpusilla . . 205
Narcissus xl,, 360

biflorus . 861

Bulbocodium . 361

calathinus . 360

chrysanthus . . 360

cupanianus . 361

cupularis . . 433

dubius ‘ . 360

incomparabilis . 360

intermedius . 36
wtalicus. Tazzetta.

Jonquilla.. . 361

leetus . 5 Boll

minor . . 860

niveus. + 61

ochroleucus . . 361

odorus : OG

orientalis. Mazzetta Be Soll
patulus 5 BGI

poeticus . . 361

polyanthus 361

MECCCOM ey 5.5) BOI

Pseudo- Neneeens . 360

radiiflorus . 361

serotinus .. . 361

stellatus, DUBY. niveus.

Tazzetta .

. 361

INDEX.

Page.
Ndi2lobus Shell ar ood
WMG? 6 op Boho CxO
Nardosmia Ixx., 212
fragransyye ei. LU ee
Nardus . xyiit., 420
aristata. Psilurus arist.
StLICLAM MI nsiit Mena 420)
Narthecium . xli., 873
ossifragum . . . . 873
Nasturtium . lx., 29
amphibium -. : . . 29
ANCE PSHeci esas easier oso
armoracioides . . 29
astylon, RB. sylvestre.
AUSEEIACUIMy Mle eee o
Huviatilennoit sy ene eo
lippicense =. eae)
microphyllum, RB. ‘offi.
cinale.
Olicinaley..) et ea eee
Palustrey me MeaeM eo
pyrenaicum . . . . 29
rivulare, RB. sylvest.

ruderale, RB. . Lepi-
dium ruderale.

siifolium. officinaleB 29

Sylvestre! sui.) sods 29

terrestre .... 29

terrestre, SM. palustre.

Nectaroscordum. Allium.
Negundo fraxinifolium . 67
Neottia . lxxiv., 355
estivalis.. Spiranthes
estivalis.
Nidus-Avis ~ . . . 855
ovata. Listera ovata.
repens. Goodyera rep.
spiralis. Spiranth. spir.
Nepeta . .... li, 290
matey OG 1g) 6) dn 20
Apulei 2) eee eae ete OI
Catariaty-suciaienae ree a Oi
citriodora, RB. Cataria 291
roltiog) ge 5 3 5 BT
graveolens. Nepetella B 291
latitoliahiania amen oot
INepetella icin emi col:
TOR 55 ye ae tig 5 OL
pannonica. muda.
tuberosaiire) oles eee ene
violacea. nudaB . . 291
NEPETEZ . li, lii., 290
Nerium . . . xxix., 245
Oleanderse = Tee 25
Neslia . lviu., 21
‘paniculata 0... 9/2]
Nicotiana -. xxvii, 255

477
Page

Ni auriculata ou iy) 258
TUSLICAN EA yee gene OO

Nigella) lie sepals 8
ALVENSIS) sachsen Sh CROR IAL
damascenay ys eeninn
divaricata. arvensis ?
hispanica.. . . . . 428
sativa ERS Sats

Nigritella. Orchis.

Wonnea . Xxvil., 256
Tuteaiiiey con 2 hal i 6
joy ABS. yg, eo BS
MISTICans. |.) U-yeeoG

violacea, DUBY. nigricans ?

Wotholena lxxxii., 426
lanugmosa . . . . 426
Marante. . . . . 426

Notobasis . Ixxii., 227
SYMACAy se pj 2 | OT

NUCAMENTACE® lvi., lviii., 21

INtbrovorhe | Sse ele aL
luteum Bey aun ws mene
minimum. spennerianum.
UNA Une ny eee rena
Spennenanum }/) 0). 2)

Wymphea . eae!
alban cue) ob. aT
inadiatayssuy ssh kesee se ee Ol
Candidall\ joe. lece aa peae a

NYMPHHACEH. . . . II

Obione)y 5). soe Si5
peduneulata.. ~. . 1 3815
portulacoides . . . 315

OcYMOIDE&® hi., lii., 282

Odontites. ... . ly., 270
Bocconi oie sar)
COESICA Ry ieee O70)
lanceolatay hese wneanen oi 0)
Jaubertianay,.) 4) TO
lutearea iin neo
TISiditolial lee or O
TUbraey eee O
Serotina) So yeen see oO,
verna, RB. rubra.
viscosa) 4) ich eae neetorO

Genanthe A Bo0.a7 J1ZIy/
apifolia. crocata.

approximata, DuBY. La- -
chenalii.
cherophylloides, DoBy.

pimpinelloides.
Crocata Gs Seen
densai<)\ Se eer LATy)
fistulosal) 5 2 ee eee Are
flayiatile yee eager AS

globulosa.. .. . . . 147

478
’ Page.
QO. Jordant . . 148
Karsthia, RB. Peuce-
danum Schottii.
Lachenalii . 148
see) ee ee . 148
peucedanifolia 148
Phellandrium 148
pimpinelloides 148
prolifera. silaifolia.
silaifola . . . 148
Tabernemontani. fistu-
losa B . . . 147
Ginothera . xiit., 126
biennis : . 126
muricata . . 126
Olea . XV1L., 244
europa . . 244
Omphalodes . .xxvil., 252
linifolia . 252
littoralis . . 252
scorpioides . 252
verna . . 252
ONAGRARIZ AGE ee
Onobrychis . Ixiv., 102
eequidentata. . . . 102
al baeewieemire nite . 102
arenaria 5 . 102
Caput-Galli . . 102
conferta . 102
Crista-Galli . . 102
depressa . . 102
montana . . 102
sativa . . 102
saxatilis . 102
supina ge Oe
Ononis. .. ._ Ilsxii, 80
alba. monophylla.
alopecuroides . . . 82
altissima, DuBY. hir-
cina.
antiquorum. spinosaB 81
arachnoidea . . . . 80
arenaria . . . . . 80
arragonensis. . . . 82
arvensis, BAB. repens.
brevitlorasy sneeemeee oO
campestris, GR. & G.
spinosa.
Cans 4 gio. 5 4 all
Cherleriee eo
Columne ./. =. =) 782

Dernhardtii. . . . 82
Anes 5 6 6 oo oe

nA G 5 gq 5 gall
hircinal | yo eo
longearistata . . . 81

Masquillieri .

INDEX.

O. minutissima . 82
mitissima . 82
mollisiiuee a. 81
monophylla . 82
Natrix A 80
oligophylla 81
ornithopodioides 81
polymorpha . 80
procurrens. repens.
pubescens 81
ramosissima . 80
reclinata . 81
repens : 81
rotundifolia . 81
Schowii j 81
serrata, diffusa.
sicula . 80
Sieberi $1
spinosa 81
striata . 82
tribracteata . 81
variegata . 82
villosissima . 430
viscosa oF ee ce, tol)

Onopordon . lxxil., 228
Acanthium . . . . 228
arabicum. . . .. » 228
horridum. . . . . 228
illyricum . . 228
macracanthum . . . 228
pyrenaicum . . . . 228
tauricum, GUSS. virens,
TaN a bo oon eres)

Onosma . XXViL., 256
arenarlum . . . . 256
echioides. . . . . 256
montanum . . . . 256
stellulatum . . . . 256

OPHIOGLOSSE® = Ixxxi.,

Ixxxii., 426

Ophioglossum Ixxxii., 426
lusitanicum . . . . 426
vugatum . . . . 426

Ophrys. lxxiv., 353
alpinaysyiiei ey) ener ODA!
anthropophora. Aceras

anthropophora.
apifera, Yo) 2 Heeb
arachnites . . . . d3d4
aranitera & . «© oe) 004
atrata. avaniferay . 354
Bertolonii . . . . 854
bombylifera . . . . 353
canaliculata Be 5) > ob
crabronifera. , , . do4
exaltata, GUSS. arani-

fera B . » ood

Pagee
O. fuciflora, RB. arachnites.
funerea 5) OA
fusca . - od
lunulata . . 354
lutea . . 3038
Monorchis. Herminium
Monorchis.
muscifera 5 5 Bld
myodes. muscifera.
oxyrhynchos. . » Bd4-
pallida . 353
Pseudo-speculum . Bb4
Speculum. . B04
tenthredinifera . . oo4
Oplismenus xx., 396
Crus-Galli . 396
eruciformis . 396
undulatifolius . 396
zonalis . 396
Opoponax. Pastinaca.
Opuntia . xlvi., 135
Amycleea . 185
Ficus-indica . 185
vulgaris . 185
ORCHIDE® . = 1. 349
Orchis . lxxiv., 349
acuminata, vaniegata ?
eetnensis . 5 Hl

albida. . il ODO:
angustifolka, RB. Traun-
steineri.

bifolia . 853
Bivone . 850
Branciforti . 351
Champagneuxil . . 352
chlorantha . 853
commutata, GUSS. va-
riegata ?
conopsea . . 353
coriophora . . . . 350
corsica . 353
cylindracea . 858
decipiens . . 350
Sasciculata, Guss. in-
carnata ?
fragrans . . 350
fusca . . 351
galeata . d51
globosa 5 6 Bal
hematodes, RB. Trauns.
Hauru, JORDAN. teno-
reana 8 . dol
hircina . 350
incarnata . . 852
latifolia . 352
laxiflora . 852
longibracteata . dd]

O. longicornu .
macra .
maculata .

Page.

359 O. platycarpa
. 351 | Ormenis.
. 852 | Ornithogalum. (See also

majalis, RB. latifolia.

mascula . . 351
mediterranea. palustris ?
militaris . 351
moravica, RB. fusca.
Morio . . 852
nigra . . 353
odoratissima. . . 853
pallens . 352
palustris . . 352
panormitana . . 352
papilionacea . . 850
parviflora . » 353
provincialis . 351
Pseudo-sambucina. ro-
mana.
pyramidalis . . 850
quadripunctata . . 351
romana 66 Gone
rubra . . 350
saceata. . 850
sambucina . 352
secundiflora, DuBY.
cylindracea,
Simia. . 6s BED)
speciosa, RB. mascula.
Spitzelii . . 351
suaveolens . 853
tenoreana . 351
tephrosanthos. Simia.
Traunsteineri . 352
undulatifolia . . 850
ustulata . . 851
variegata . . 851
viridis > 6 BiB}
Oreochloa. xxi., 408
‘disticha - . 408
Origanum li., 287
ereticum. vulgare B . 287
heracleoticum . 287
hirtum, Kocu. hera-
cleoticum . . 287
humile. —yulgare.
macrostachyum. vul-
gare.
Maorana. Majorana
Onites.
Onites. Majorana O-
nites.
virens. Vulgarey. . 287
vulgare . 287
Orlaya . xxxvil., 157
grandiflora . 157
maritima . . 158

INDEX.

Page.

Anthemis.

. 158

Gagea.) xli., 868
arabicum . . 368
arcuatum . 369
chloranthum ~ 009
collinum . . 368
comosum . . 868
exscapum. . 368
montanum . 368
narbonense . . 3868
nutans . 369
pyrenaicum . . 368
refractum . 368
stachyoides . . 369
sulphureum . . 368
tenuifolium . . 368
umbellatum . . . . 368

Ornithopus > have ol
compressus 5. to eo OH
ebracteatus. Arthrolo-

bium ebracteatum.
intermedius, RB. per-
pusillus.
perpusillus 101
roseus . ‘ . 101
sativus. roseus.
scorpioides. Arthrolo-
bium scorpioides.

OROBANCHACEE . 273

Orobanche lvi., 273
alba, GUSS. pruinosa.
Alexandri 275
amethystea . 308 aks
arenaria . 280, 281
australis . 279
Avellane . 275
bicolor 280
brachysepala . 277
bracteata 280
bueckiana 5g. waits
cerulea . 280, 281
ceerulescens . . 280
ceesia . . 280
canescens i 279
caryophyllacea . 275
centaurina 5
cernua : 279
comosa. arenaria.
concolor . 276
condensata 274
crinita 276
Crithmi . . 279
cruenta . 274
cumand, Guss. bicolor. .
decora 277!

laxiflora, RB. caryoph.

479
Page.
O. densiflora . 276
denudata . ene
elatior C 2 ET
elatior, KocH. aber)
Epithymum . . 275
Eryngu. amethystea.
flava . . 279
foetida . . 274
fragrans . . 280
fragrantissima ~ 277
fuliginosa : . 275
Galit. caryophyllacea.
glaberrima . 278
gracilis, RB. cruenta,
Hederze . 278
Klugii . . 276
Kochit ~ 207
Laserpitii . 5 aT
laurina SRS
lavandulacea. . . . 281

Ligustri.. caryoph.B . 275
littorea So o ety)
loricata . 279
lucorum . . 276
macrosepala . . 278
major . Bid Go le
Medicaginis. rubens.
mMMnOLG G6) ge 5 Life
Muteli . 281
nebrodensis . . 276
nudiflora . . 280
olbiensis . . 280
pallidiflora . 275
Picridis . 278
platystigma . . 280
procera . 274
pruinosa . - 274
pubescens Boo a ae
TaMOsays |) +. | cmeeemeON
Rapum. major.

rigens . . 280
robusta . 281
rubens Buca ttl
rubra . : . 276
Salivise i foals . 279
sanguinea . 280
Satyrus . 276
Scabiose . . 275
serotina . . 278
Spartii - 274
SPeClOSA) =e.) Soeeemnemer (oS
stigmatodes. Kochii . 277
stricta . 280, 281
strobiligena, RB. cary-

ophyllacea.
Teucrii - 275

480
r Page.
O. thyrsoidea . 274
variegata . . 274
Vitalbee Sg Ce)
vulgaris, RB. caryoph.
Yuecee TAGS
Orobus . Imi. 109
albus . . 4 . 109
angustifolius. .. . 109
atropurpureus . 110
canescens . 109
Clusii, RB. Vicia oro-
boides.
hirsutus . . 109
Jordani lO
lacteus, RB. albus.
levigatus, RB. luteus.
luteus . . 109
niger . 5) oO KO)
pallescens, Rs. “albus.
saxatilis . She LLO
sessilifolius . . 110
sylvaticus . 110
tristis. niger.
tuberosus . . 109
variegatus . 109
varius . . 109
venetus, RB. vaviegatus.
vernus 4 109
versicolor, RB. Valbus:
Ortegia. xvii., 53
dichotoma ... . 53
hispanica . 53
Orvala. Lamium.
Oryza xhi., 397
SUE el oo Aled) eo OU
OryzEmH . . . 394, 397
Osmunda. . _— Ixxuii., 426
meals viene eee
OsmMUNDE® lxxxi. Ixxxii., 426
Ostericum xxxvi., 151
palustre . 151

verticillare, Rp. Tom-
masinia verticillaris.

Ostrya. Carpinus.

Osyris . . XxXvil., 323
alba . 828

OXALIDE® . Ball

Oxalis . xlvii., 71
Acetosella . . . . 771
corniculata 71
lybica 430
stricta i a) al
villosa, RB. corniculata.

Oxycoccus . xiii, 241
palustris . . . 241

Oxyria . xlii., 819
digyna. reniformis.

INDEX.

Page.
P. reniformis Moser ie)
Oxytropis. lxii., 97
campestris 4 De
cerulea.. campestrisy 97
EME Gg) Bhd) a 61 OH
foetida . aeRO fh
Halleri, Koon. ural.
lapponica . a Of
montana . tay
neglecta.. montanaB. 97
pilosa . gui. 0 1 Oe
sordida. campestris B 97
triflora 97
uralensis . Menon se Oy
viscosa. campestris 5 97
Peederota . xvi., 267
Ageria . . 267
Bonarota. . 267
Peeonia ihe 10
corallina . 10
officinalis . donee
paradoxa, DuBy. pere-
grina B 11
peregrina . : 11
pubens, RB. peregrina 8.
Russi . aT!
Palimbia . xxxvi., 154
Chabrei . . 154
Paliurus xxx., 73
aculeatus . i 73
australis, BERT. acul.
Pallenis. Raa
PALME . 378

Pancratium . . sal, 360

illyricum . 360
maritimum . . 360
Panickm . . . 394, 396
Panicum .. . xx., 396
capillare . 396
ciliare. Digitaria ciliaris.
compressum . . . 396
Crus-galli. Oplismenus
Crus-galli.
debile. Digitaria debilis.
eruciforme. Oplism.
eruciformis.
germanicum. Setaria
germanica.
glabrum. Digitaria hu-
mifusa.
glaucum. Setaria glauc.
italicum. Setaria ital.
miliaceum . 896
repens . . 396
sanguinale. Digitaria
sanguinalis.

Page.
P. Teneriffe 5g BS
undulatifolium. Oplis.
undulatifolius.
verticillatum. Setaria
verticillata.
viride. Setaria viridis.
zonale. Oplis. zonalis.
Papaver xhix., 12
alpinum —. 12
apulum 12
Argemone .. 12
Burseri, Rs. alpinum.
dubium ac) de Roope 2
hybridum 12
intermedium, RB. Bheeas,
levigatum. . dubium B 12
obtusifolium, Guss. du-
bium +.
oficimate. somniferum 8 12
pinnatifidum, Moris.
dubiun.
pyrenaicum .. 12
Rheeas Seek 12
Roubiei. dubium vy 12
setigerum. somnuifer.y 12
siculum, Guss. hybrid.
somniferum . a oly
PAPAVERACEE 12
PaPPOPHORE . 395, 4.20,
Paradisia . xh, 365
Liliastrum . 365
Parietaria . . xxv., 330
cretica AME eneeOoL
diffusa. officinalis B . 331
erecta. officinalisa . 331
jiliformis. lusitanicaB 331
judaca, DuBY. offic. B.
lusitanica . . dol
officinalis . . 330
Soleirolii. 2 = doll
Paris . xliv., 363
quadrifolia . 863
Parnassia . . Xxxix., 42
palustris . 2 Ad
Paronychia . xxxi., 130
argentea . . 131
capitata - 431
cymosa . 130
echinata . : 130
imbricata, RB. serpy
longiseta . vod
nivea . Vedio
polygonifolia. > 6 5 LO)
serpyllifolia . . 131
PARONYCHIBZE . . . 180
Passerina . xliv., 821

annua. Stellera Passer.

Page.

P. dioica. . 321

hirsuta. . 321

ronyealliss) | og oS GG Way ie keyeal!
pubescens, Guss. Stel-

lera Passerina.
Stellera, Coss. Stel. Pas.
Tartonraira, Daphne Tart.

Thomas. Daphne Tart.
Thymelea 5 5 Cal
Pastinaca xxxvi., 153
divaricata . . 154
Fleischmanai . 433

Kochi, Dupy. divari-
cata and sativa.

lucida . . 432
opaca. sativa 8 . 154
Opoponax . 153
sativa . 3 eae ease}
selinoides, Rp. Palim-
bia Chabreei.
urens, GR. & G. sativa ?
Pedicularis lyv., 271
acaulis . 272
adscendens = BA
asplenifolia . 271
atrorubens 5 afl
Barreliert.. tuberosa.
Bonjeannit, BERT. cenisia.
cenisia . 201
comosa . 272
fasciculata aryl
foliosa 272
Frederici . . 272
gyroflexa . BG eal
gyrofleca, VILLARS.
tuberosa.
Hacquetii . 272
incarnata . . 271
Jacquini . . 271
- palustris -. . 272
Portenschlagu 5 PAL
recutita . 272
MOSCA ey Le OS
rostrata . 271
Sceptrum . 272
sudetica 272
sylvatica . . 272,
tuberosa . 271
versicolor . 272
verticillata . 272
Peganum . xlvii., 72
Harmala . Ne fie
Peltaria — lvii., 21
alliacea i
Pennisetum . xx., 397
ciliare . Siakentiooi
distylum. ciliare.

INDEX.
Page.
eplistagenee cn textes 2/7
Boreei . 27
erecta. nummulariif,
nummulariifolia . Bla
Portula 5 Ae
Timeroyi . 5 6 ley
tithymaloides, Burr.
nummulariifolia.
Periploca . . Xxxil., 246
angustifolia . . 433
[REE 6 bd. . 246
Persica. Amygdalus.
Petagnia xxxi., 142
saniculifolia . . 142
Petasites . Ixx., 212
albus . : 3 212
hybridus, vulgaris B 212
niveus Siig AL
officinalis. vulgaris.
spurius. tomentosus.
tomentosus 212
vulgaris . 212
Petrocallis . . lv, 19
pyrenaica . Ais hy)
Petroselinum xxxiv., 146
sativum . 146
segetum . . 146
PEUCEDANE XXxxiil.,
xxxvi., 151
Peucedanum xxxvl., 152
alsaticum . 17152
austriacum . 152

caruifolium. Palimbia
Chabreei.

Cervaria ..

Chabret. Palinbia Chab.

coriaceum, Rs. Petteri.

involucratum 5 GB}

ttalicum, RB. officinale.

152

montanum, DUBY. aus-
triacum.

officinale ’. 152

Oreoselinum 5 Alls

Ostruthium, Gr. & G. G.

Imperat. Ostruthium.
palustre 152
paniculatum . 152
parisiense 152
Petteri 152
rablense . 153°
Schottii 152
sulcatum . . 152
venetum . . 152

Phaca . Ixil., 97
alpina . BY
astragalina 97
BUSETALIS Hey ee ie iene Or

3Q

Page.
P. frigida Akos 97
Gerardi... glabra.
glabrayyn ey gecn ie 97
Pheenopus . Ixvii., 192
ramosissimus. vimin.B 192
vimineus . so IE
Phagnalon. Conyza. . 218

Phalangium. Anthericum 365
PHALARIDE® . 394, 397
Phalaris XX., o9/
alpina, DuBy. Phleum
Michelii.

aquatica . . 39%
arenaria. Phiearn aren.
arundinacea. . 397

bulbosa, DUBY. Neto
donton bulbosum.

cerulescens, GuSS. aquat.

canariensis

cylindrica, DUBY. Ach-
nodonton bulbosum.

gracilis 2 89%
minor . 739%
nitida . Be)
nodosa 5 Oy
paradoxa .. 397
phleoides. Phleum Beh-
meri.
truncata . eo
PHASEOLEX 75, 110
Phaseolus 6 eo AULD)
multiflorus . 110
vulgaris . deep lO
Phelipea. Orobanche.
Phellandrium. C&nanthe.
PHILADELPHEX . 128
Philadelphus . xlvii., 128
coronarius . 128
Phillyrea Xvi., 244
angustifolia . . 244
latifolia . 244
media . . 244
stricta . . . 244
PHLEINEE . 394, 398
Phieum xxi., 398
alpmum. . Hay = BOS)
ambiguum, Guss. Mi-
chelii.
arenarium . 398
asperum . 5g OS
Bertolonu. pratense B 398
Boehmeri .. . . . 398
commutatum . 398
echinatum = ceils)
Selinum, Guss. echinat.
Gerardi. Alopec. Ger.
Micheli, eae 3 98

482

INDEX.

< Page. Page.
P.xodosum. pratense 398 P. scorzonerifolium. Mi-
pratense’ . . 898 chelii 6 . 237
tenue. Achnodonton serratum . . 237
bulbosum. Sieberi . 237
trigynum, RB. Micheli. spicatum . » 237
Phlomis lii., 294 veronicifolium . 237
ferruginea . 295 | Phytolacca . xivi., 312
fruticosa . . 295 decandra . 312
Herba-Venti . 295 | PHYTOLACCEA 312
italica . . 295 | Pecea, Coss. Pinus.
lanata . . 295 | Picnomon . lxxi., 228
Lychnites . 294) Acarna 228
tuberosa . . . 295] Picotia, Bert. Omphal.
Phenixopus. Lactuca. PicRIDEx Ixiv., Ixvi., 178
Phragmites . xxi., 402 | Picridium . xvii, 189
communis - 402} albidum. vulgare.
isiaca . . 402) tingitanum oo ket)
Phucagrostis Ixxvii., 349] vulgare . . . . . 189
major . . . 349] Picris . Ixvi., 178
Phyllodoce xlv., 242) crepoides. hierac.8 . 178
ceerulea . 242) hieracioides . olla
Physalis . xxix., 258] hispidissima . els
Alkekengi . 258) integrifolia . 178
edulis . . 258] paleacea. hieracioides 8 178
somnifera . 258] pauciflora . 178
Physocaulis . xxxvii., 159] pyrenaica, DuBy. hie-
nodosus . 159 racioides ?

Physospermum xxxviii.,
acteifolium

- 161

160 ruderalis.

scaberrima.

hieracioid.y 178
hierac. e 178

aquilegifolium . 160] spenaulosa. hierac.¢ 178
cornubiense . . 161}| — sprengeriana - 178
Phyteuma . xxix., 236 umbellata, RB. hierac.
angustissimum. Mi- ' | Pilularia . Ixxxii., 427
cheliie . . . . 287} globulifera . 427
Balbisi. Micheli 8B 237] Pimpinella xxxiv., 146
betonicifolium. Mich.a 237| alpina. Saxifragay . 147
canescens . eon: anisoides . 147
Charmeliz. Scheuch- Anisum 147
zeriB . . 287| dissecta. magna 5 147
collinum, Brrr. ine Gussonii . . . 147
fitilhoem, hircina. Saxifaga 8. 147
comosum . - 2386} lutea . . 147
cordatum, RB. Sieberi. magna. . 146
Jistulosum, RB. orbiculare. nigra . 147
globularufolium. pan- ortentalis, magnay . 147
ciflorum 8 . 287) peregrina retail A
Halleri, 5 og WBE rubra. magna B . 14.7
hemisphericum . . 287| Saxifraga. 147
humile. . . . . 287) Tragium . . 147
lanceolatum, RB. Sieberi. Pinardia. Chrysanthemum.
limoniifolium . 287 | Pinguicula xvi., 298
Micheli . . 287) alpina . Sy eo eke)
nigrum . 237| flavescens, RB. alpina.
orbiculare . 237] grandiflora 298
pauciflorum . . 286| deptoceras, RB. vulgaris.
persicifolium. Mich. y 237} longifolia. grandifl. B 298
Schenchzeri . . 237| lusitanica . 5 oo eiths)

Page.
P. vulgaris . . 298
Pinus . Ixxvill., 343
Abies . . 344
austriaca, RB. arial
Cembra . . 044
halepensis ‘ . 843
humilis, Mughus B . d44
Laricio . d44
aria . d44
maritima . . d44.
Mughus. . . 843
obliqua, Rs. Miughus.
pectinata . , d44
Picea. pectinata.
Pinaster. naritima,
Pinea . d44

pumilio, Dusy. ? Mughus,
rotundata, Rs. Mughus.

rubra. sylvestris.
Strobusyieyenees . 344
sylvestris . . . 343
uliginosa. Mughus.
uncinata. . . 344
Piptatherum. . xuii., 401
cerulescens . . 401
multiflorum . . 401
paradoxum . . . 401
Thomasii . . 401
Pistacia . lxxix., 74
Lentiscus . Ads ont (3
Terebinthus . 74
trifolia.. vera B 74
vera 5 74
Pisum . j Ii ne
arvense . . . 107
elatius lO
maritimum . . . 107
sativum.. ... . . 107
Plagius ... . Ixix., 206
ageratifolius . . 206
virgatus . . . . 206
PLANTAGINEE . 809
Plantago . . xxiv., 309
albicans . 310
alpina . . 310
altissima . . 310
amplexicaulis . dll
arenaria . . dll
argentea) |: saree OL,
Bellardi . . 809
brutia . . 809
carinata, RB. serpen-
tina.
ceratophylla, Guss. Co-
ronopus.
commutata, Guss. Co-

ronopus.

Page.
P. Cornuti . 809
Coronopus . 310
Cupant. Coronopus y 311
Cynops . dll
ertostachyu. Lagopus.
fuscescens : . 310
graminea. maritima.
humilis,Guss. maritima.
incana Sees ol
ineurvata, RB. mari~
tima B.
tntermedia, DUBY. ma-
jor B . 309
Lagopus . . 310
lanceolata . 309
macrorhiza, Coronop.6 311
major . . 809
maritima . 310
maxima. Cornuti.
media . . 309
montana «. eee OO
neglecta. Coronopus 8 310
pilosa. Bellardi.
Psyllium . . dll

recurvata. maritima B 310
saxatilis, RB. montana.

sericea. . 810
serpentina . 310
Serraria . . 810
subulata . . d10
victorialis eel
Platanthera. Orchis.
PLATANESR 3382, 342
Platanus Ixxviii., 342
acerifolia. . 842
cuneata . 842
occidentalis . . 342
orientalis . . 842
Platycapnos,Guss. Fu-
maria.
Pleurospermum
xxxviil., 161
austriacum eee LG:
Golaka. _. Malabaila
Hacquetii.
PLUMBAGINE . 804
Plumbago xxix., 304
europea . . 804
Poa... =. « xxil., 408
eetnensis . i 409
airoides. . Catabrosa
aquatica.
alpina . 410

PS eaN, Ra. fertilis.

annua . . 410

aquatica.
aquatica.

Glyceria

INDEX. 483
Page. Page:
P. Balfourii . . 409 | P. caleitrapifolium . . 178
Bivonee . 410} callosum . So
bulbosa . 410 Columnee . 5 GS)
cesia . - 410} decumbens. calcitrapi-
cenisia . 409 folium 6 178
coarctata. nemoralis 409} intermedium . . 178
compressa . 409) jacquinianum 5 ae
concinna . . . . 410} — laciniatum . 178
distans. — Sclerochloa muricatum. lacinia-
distans. tum B . ee
disticha. Oreochloa subulatum. Jacinia-
disticha, tum y.. oh Nes)
distichophylla. cenisia. Tenorii . 178
divaricata . 410} Pogonostylis . xviii., 383
dura, Sclerochloa dura. squamosa . . 383
Hragrostis. Eragrostis POLEMONIACER . 249
pozeformis. Polemonium. xxviii., 249
fertilis - 8 2 410)) ceruleum >; . . 249
Jjirmula. nemoralis B. 409 | Pollinia. Andropogon.
flexuosa. axa. Polyearpon . . xxiii., 131
Jfluitans. Glyceria flu- alsinifolium . . 131
itans. peploides . . 131
glauca,SM. nemoralise 409} tetraphyllum . 131
hybrida, RB. sudetica. Polycnemum . xvii., 314
hybrida . 410}. arvense . 314
langeana. compressay 409] majus. . . . . dl4
laxa . . 410] Polygala . li, 42
littoralis. Dactylis litt. alpestris. amara y 43
loliacea. Sclerochloa alpestris.. vulgaris y. 43
loliacea. amara. . 42
maritima. Sclerochloa amarella, Coss. calcarea.
maritima. amblyptera, amaraB. 43
megastachya. Hragr. austriaca. amara 5 43
megastachya, calcarea 43
miliacea . . 409} Chamebuxus . . 43
minor . 410) cihata, Gr. & G. vul-
montana . - . 409 garis.
montana. nemoralis ¢ 409] comosa Gide oe 2B}
nemoralis . Ne4.0,9)|(aeedepressalae: se usmee eee S
Nymanni See A09)heexalishas 42
Parnellit. nemoralis yn 409 flavescens 43
pilosa. Hragrostis pil. major . 43
polynoda . . . 409] monspeliaca . 42
pratensis . . 409} niczensis . so or 418}
pratensis, LEERS. ne- oxyptera. vulgarisB. 43
moralisd. . - 409} Preshi cae 43
procumbens. Sclerochloa rosea... 43
procumbens. rupestris, GR. & ca sax-
pumila - 410} __atilis.
yariflora . . . . 410] © saxatilis eee
rigida. Scleroc.rigida. serpyllacea, Rs. de-
serotina, — fertilis. pressa.
subcompressa. com- uliginosa, RB. amarae 43
pressaB . . . 409 vulgaris 43
sudetica . : . 409 PoLyGaLEx . 42
trivialisuamsnis . 440 | Polygonatum. Convallaria.

Podospermum . livin 178 | PoLYGoNEx

3a 2

. 318

484. INDEX.

y Page. Page.
Polygonum . . uxiliv., 719 P. cristatum, Kocu. Las- PA pechinattss saan 348
Appi 3-5 <6 . 320 treea cristata. perfoliatus . . . . 347
amphibium . . . . 320] dilatatum. Lastreea dila. plantagineus. . . . 347
aviculare. . . . . 820] Ehax-mas. Last. F.-mas. prelongus . . . . 347
Bellardi . . . . . 820] Aastulatum. angularey 423} pusillus . . . . . 348
Bistorta . . . . . 820) Jobatum. aculeatum B 423} rufescens. . . . 347
Convolvulus. . . . 3821} lLonchitis . . . . 423) salicifolius. nitens o « 347
controversum . . . 321 Oreopteris. Lastrea Or. Sem 4 5 a oo OEY
dumetorum . . . . 821 Plukenetit, Dusy. acul. B. spatulatug . . . . 847
elegans . . . . . 821} vregidum. Lastrea rig. tenuissimus. pusillusy 345
equisetiforme . . . 3821] spinulosum. Lastrea sp. trichoides =) 3) 048
Fagopyrum . . . . 821} tanacetifola . . 424! variifolius . . . 847
flagellare. . . . . 321} Thelypteris. Last. Thel. Zizi. heterophyllus y 347
herniarioides. . . . 821|/Pomem. . . . 111, 123] zosteraceus . . . . 348
Hydropiper .. 320] Populus . . . lIxxx., 341] zosterifolius. . . . 348
incanum. lapathifolium 6 320) eeal bayer awe . 341/ Potentilla . . xlix., 117
lapathifolium . . . 3820] canescens. . . . . 342| affinis, RB. alpestris.
laxiflorum. rite. dilatata. pyramidalis 342| alba . ... . . 120
Jlaxum. . . . . . 820) fastegiata. yt alchemilloides . . . 119
maritimum . . . . 320] monilifera . . . 842 alpestris . . = =) © 18
MUMS! Goh io a 6 CO) ane oo es 2 ole CAM aloe 4 . 118
WMH 5 2 6 2 5. 6 BAD pyramidalis Ae) fai aoe angustifolia. hirta A. 119
nodosum. pee tremula... . . 842] anserina. . . 5 Luly
Persicaria . . . 820] villosa, RB. tremula. apenninay ene eenee 0)
pusillum, DUBY. minus. Portulaca. . . xlvii, 129] argentea. . . . . 118
Rai . . . . . . 820) Jatifolia, RB. sativa. aurea 5.2 LS:
Cail 5 . 5 co SAO) Olam 5 3 6) 5 IY brauniana. minima B 118
tataricum ye. ls eae 2 late mpilosay yea), ean l'2 9) calabray sean enema Olt
tenuiflorum . . . . 820] sativa. . . . . . 129] canescens. inclinata.
viviparum . . . . 320|PortuLacacEm® . . . 129} caulescens . . . . 119
Potypopirem . Ixxxi, 4238/Poramem . . . . . 346) cinerea . . . . . 118
Polypodium ... lxxxi., 423 | Potamogeton . xxvi., 346 clusianasyee LO)
alpestre, Kocn. rhe- acutifolius ) <3.) 0). 247 |) \ collmayy e-em,
ticum. augustanus . . . . 347) Comarum. Comarum
caleareum . . . . 423] compressus . . . . 348 palustre.
cambricum. vulgare y 423| crispus . . . . . 847} crassinervia . . . . 119
Dryopteris . . . . 423] decipiens. . . . . 847! delphinensis. . . . 431
Phegopteris . . . . 423] densus . . . . . 848} ODethomasii . . - 119
rheticum. ~- . «. 9.423 || “finitans 4: . 846) diffusa, RB. norvegica.
robertianum, Koc. cal- gramineus, Kocu, ‘&e. Fragaria. F¥ragariastv.
careum. heterophyllus. Fragariastrum . . . 120 ,
serratum. vulgare B . 423} gramineus, SM. obtusifol. ME, sg 3 oo II?
vulgare ... . . . 423] graminifolius. heter. B 347 HiME 4 9 o a o dil? :
Polypogon . . xxii., 399} heterophylluy . . . 347} glacialis. frigidaB . 118 :
adscendens, BERT. mons- Hornemanni, Kocu. grammopetala . . . 117 :
peliensis ? plantagineus. erandifloral emer Lin
Lagasce. littoralis. lanceolatus . . . . 847! Guentheri, Kocu. col- ;
littoralis . . . . . 899} Jdancifolius. densus y. 348 lina. :
maritimus . . . .399| longifolius . . . . 347) hirta. .... .119 %
monspeliensis» . = 2899) lucens;) . 2 = =... 347} | | hybrida eeu eee CO %
subspathaceus. wmarit. 399|/ marinus . . . . . 3848] inclinata. . . > Ue) i
Polystichum .lIxxxi., 423] mnatans. . . . . . 3846! intermedia . .. . 119 é
aculeatum . . . . 423] nitens . . . : . 847) Jaciniosa, RB. rectay. 119 i
angulare. . . . . 4238] oblongus. . . 346} Jeeta, RB. hirta.
Braun. angulare B . 423 obscurum, DUBY. Paice Tindackeri . . . . 118
Callipteris, DuBy. Las- obtusifolus , . . . 348] micrantha . . . . 120 :
treea cristata. oppositifolius. densus B 348)|) minima) 2 eas i

INDEX, 485
Page. Page. Page.
P, mixta. . 118) P. murahs. Lactuca mur. P. parviflora. vulgarisy 290
multifida . .117| = pulehra, Dusy. Crepis pinnatifida. vulgaris B 290
nitida . : 20 pulchra. vulgaris > ao CAN)
nivalis, GR. & G. cau- purpurea . . 189} Prunus . xlviii., 111
lescens B . 5 Lily) tenuifolia . . 189 Armeniaca > Aili
nivea . 5) ay viminea.. Pheenop. vi- Avium . ele?
norvegica . Bie ai LalUy, mineus. brigantiaca Sai
obscura. recta B . . 119] Preslia hii., 283 cerasifera 5 Mili
opaca . . 118] cervina . 283] Cerasus 5 ly
patula . . . . 119} Primula xxviii, 301] Chameecerasus . 112
pedata. hirtay . .119| acauls. vulgaris. Cocomilia 5 abitie
peusylvanica . _ 117) = Allionii . . . 802| domestica = dali
petiolulata : - 119} alpina, Re. rheetica, Jruticans. spinosa. 111
pelosa, DC. -hirta., Auricula . . . 301} humilis 5 dll
pilosa . . . . 119} calycina. glaucescens. insititia 5 gla
procumbens . . 118} candolleana, Rs. integrif. Lauro-Cerasus . 5 ily
pyrenaica . . . . 431] carniolica. . 802| lusitanica . 112
pyrenaica. grandifl. B 117} ciliata, RB. Auricula. macrocarpa. spinosa. 111
recta . ON crenata RBy AUrie: Mahaleb . 5 ay
reptans . 118] dinyana . 802] Padus . a
rupestris . . 117] elatior . 301] prostrata . fe Alii
ruthenica. norvegica B IY farinosa oO semperflorens, RB. Ce-
sabauda. alpestris 8. 118 fleerkeana. . 302 rasus.
salisburgensis. alpestris. glaucescens . . 802} serotina, BOREAU. spi-
splendens . . 120} glutinosa . ey ole nosa 1a
subacaulis . 118] 9 grandiflora. acaulis. serotina, RB. Gerasnet
supina . 117| helvetica, RB. pubescens. spinosa , ag dil
thuringiaca . . 119} hirsuta, DC. villosa. Psamma. Ammophila.
Tormentilla . . 118] integrifolia 002) Silurus! 7.) el mexver42 0)
tridentata : . 120} latifolia .. . 801} aristatus . e420
Vaillantii, Coss. splend. longiflora . . 801| xardioides. aristatus.
Val desiameimnan pies. 1119 marginata . 302] Psoralea . lxii., 96
verna . 5 Wiley) santana se . 802} — bituminosa 96
Viemanniana. collina. officinalis. veris. paleestina . F 96
Poterium . . Ixxvii., 121 Palinuri . 801 | Ptarmica. Achillea.
dictyocarpon, GR. & G. pedemontana . 802] Preriwe® . Ixxxi, Ixxxii., 426
Sanguisorba. polliniana, RB. specta- Pteris Ixxxii., 426
garganicum.. . . . 121 bilis. aquilina . 426
glaucescens, RB. San- pubescens . 801] eretica. . 426
~ guisorba, rheetica . 302) erzspa. Allosurus crispus.
Magnolii . . 431] — scotica o0li| elongifoliayay... en men426
muricatum. polygamum. spectabilis . 802 Pterocephalus xxiv, 171
polygamum . suaveolens . . 801} calabricus. palestinus 8 171
Sanguisorba . . 121] truncata, RB. minima. paleestinus 5 Al
spinosum . lai venusta 5 BUHL plumosus 5 AYA
Prangos - xxxvill., 160] veris . 301 | Pteroneurum lx., 33
cylindracea. ferulaceaB 160} villosa. . 802] grecum OS
ferulacea . . . . 160} viscosa. villosa. maritimum, RB. Car-
Prasina lii., liv., 296 | vitaliana. Gregoria vit. damine maritima.
Prasium liv., 296| vulgaris . . . . . 801) Pteroselinum. Peuce- ~
majus . . 296| PRIMULACEm . 5 BOY) danum.
minus. Majus. Prismatocarpus. Specularia. | Pterotheca . lxvii., 189
PRENANTHES . . lxvii., 189 | Prunella ae 290 | nemausensis . - 189
bulbosa, Dusy. Athe- alba. . 290 | Ptychotis . xxxiv., 145
orhiza bulbosa. grandiflora . 290| ammoides. verticillata.
chondrilloides.. Chondr. hyssopifolia . . 290) Bunius. heterophylla.
prenanthoides. lacimiata. albaB . . 290 heterophylla a 145

486 INDEX.

: Page. Page.

P. Thorei. . Helosciadium P. amygdaliformis . . 124

intermedium. Aria. Sorbus Aria.
verticillata . . . 145} <Aucuparia. Sorbus Auc.

Pulegium. Mentha. bollwylleriana . 124

Pulicaria . . lxviii., 194] communis . 124
dentata . 194) cuneifolia. . 124
dysenterica . 194) Cydonia. Cydonia vulg.
odora . . 194) domestica. Sorbus dom.
viscosa . 195] eriostyla, Guss. Malus.
vulgaris . 194} entermedia, Dusy. Sor-

Pulmonaria . . xxvii., 255 bus hybrida.
angustifolia . . 255| Malus sy) onion 4:
azurea. . . 255| xnebrodensis. Cotone-
media, RB, angustifolia. aster vulgaris.
mollis. . 255] parviflora, Guss. amyg-
oblongata, Re. angustif. daliformis.
officinalis . . 255| Pollveria. bollwyller.
saccharata . 255| premorsa, Guss. Sor-

Punica . . xiviii., 125 bus Aucuparia.
Granatum . . 125] © salvifolia ol alent 4,

Putoria . xxiv., 163 Sorbus. Sorbus domest.
calabrica . . . 163} torminalis. Sorbus tor-

Pyrethrum . lxix., 204 minalis.

Achille . - 204
alpinum . . 204) Quercus . lxxvil., 332
ceratophylloides . . 204} Adgilops . 5 lee eee
Chamomilla, Coss. Ma- amplifolia . 333

tricaria Chamomilla. apennina). . >...) tad2
corymbosum . . 204) austriaca. CerrisB . 332
Clusii, RB. conbosum. bivoniang . . . . 833
Halleri 204] — brutia . 3832
hybridum, Guss. My- Cerris . 332

conis B . 205 coccifera . 333
inodorum . . 204| congesta, Guss. ‘pubes-
Leucanthemum, Coss. cens.

Leucanth. vulgare. cupaniana, GUSS. pe-
macrophyllum 204 dunculata.
maritimum . 204] Esculus 2) ie EOS
Myconis . 205| fastigrata. — peduncul.
Parthenium . . . . 204] Fontanesii 6c 8 oR
pubescens. alpinum B 204| Halphleos, Guss. Cer-
tomentosum . . . 204 ris 2

Pyrola xlv., 243| humilis. coccifera B . 333
chlorantha . 243) Lex . 333

- media-. . 243] intermedia . 332
minor . . 243) leptobalana . . 832
yosea, RB, minor. pedunculata . 84 GRR
rotundifolia . . 243| Pseudo-coccifera. coc-
secunda . 243 cifera.
umbellata . 243} pubescens . . 302
uniflora . . 243| racemosa, DuBY. pe-

PyYROLACEE eaten dunculata.

Pyrus ... .. xiviii., 124 sessiliflora - « . Ba2
acerba. MalusB . . 124) Suber. . 333
Achras, RB. communis. Toza . 882
Amelanchier. Aronia

rotundifolia. Rapiat# ._ Ixiv., lxvui., 194

Page.
Radiola ‘ . xxv., 61
linoides. Millegrana.
Millegrana :
Ramondia
Mycont.
pyrenaica
RANUNCULACEE bial eget
RANUNCULEZ
Ranunculus
aconitifolius .
acris
aduncus, GR. &G. mon-
tanus.
Agerii
alpestris
amplexicaulis
anemonoides
angulatus
angustifolius .
aquatilis .
arvensis . 5
aureus, RB. nemorosus.
auricomus
Bachii
Balbisii aa
Baudotui. aquatilis y
brevifolius, BERT. Be
bruttius 5
bulbosus .
bullatus
bupleurifolius.
neeus B
cespitosus.
calthifolius
cassubicus
cheerophyllus
circinatus
CONOSUS.
confertus.
cordigerus
crenatus . .
dealbatus. neonatal 5
demissus .
divaricatus. dingo,
Drouettii. aquatilis ¢.
falcatus, Ceratocepha-
lus falcatus.
icariae eee
flabellatus
Flammula
fluitans
fluviatilis.
fontanus
garganicus
glacialis ue
Gouant. montanus.
gracilis, RB. montanus.

61
Xxvill., 258
pyrenaica.

lor i Eo Ot DP OF OFT OUD

Qype
aquatilis B

’
i
te)

Ee OO cok or

Lenormandi.
mene 5.

fluitans.

odor or) Ee Oto

R. gramineus
hederaceus
heterophyllus, Lav. a.

conitifolius B .
heucherifolius
hirsutus ..
hololeucos.
hybridus .
illyricus
incrassatus, Guss, par-

viflorus.
emermis.
lacerus
lanuginosus .
lateriflorus
Lenormandi .
WAN PUA. te
magellensis .
millefoliatus
monspeliacus . .
montanus
muricatus
neapolitanus .
nemorosus
nodiflorus
ophioglossifolius
palustris . Baile
Pantothrix. fluitans.
parnassifolius .
parviflorus :
parculus. hirsutus B
paucistamineus. aquat. ¢°
Petivert. aquatilis 3 .
Philonotis. hirsutus.
Phthora, Re. hybridus.
plantagineus. pyren. y
platanifolius. aconitif. y
polyanthemus

aquatilis

arvensis ‘*y

pratensis, GUSS. heucherif,

pumilus. hirsutus.
pyrenzeus
repens

reptans. errata B.

rupestris, GUSS. spicatus.

rutifolius .
SCelerattSwmenemes se ween ie
Schowit. flabellatus ?
Seguieri .
spicatus
Steven, RB.
subapetalus .
sylvaticus. nemorosus.
Thomas, BERT. poly-
anthemus ?
Thora .
Traunfeilneri 3
trichophyllus. aquat. ¢

acris.

Page.

mo

for ore: i i 4s

BP RQI AMANIVIVIABMMUMSE oro

J OT OT

Oo

COU

INDEX. 487
Page. Page.
RGIS) 6 6 05 og y R. persicifolia 74
tripartitus pubescens 74
tuberculatus. arvensis B 7 pumila 7A
tuberosus. acrisB . 7! pusillus,TEN. pumila’y 74:
umbrosus, Guss. lanu- rupestris . 74
ginosus. rupestris, DC, pail p 74
velutinus . saxatilis . . . 74
verrucosus, RB. hirsut. tinctoria. . 74
Villarsii . 6| Zizyphus. Zizyph. vulg.
Raphanus viii, 22 | Rhaponticum cia, 230
fugax . 22! cynaroides 230
Landra 22} scariosum 230
maritimus 22) RHINANTHACEE . 269
Raphanistrum 22 | Rhinanthus . . ly., 270
sativus . . . . . 22} Alectorolophus. maj.B 271
Rapistrum lviii., 22} alpinus Sg raf
glabrum, RB. ragosum. angustifolius 5 Pata
hirtum, RB. rugosum ? buccalis . . 271
hypogeum. Morisia hy- Crista-Galli . . 270
pogeea. glabra. Crista-Galli.
linneanum, GR. & G. ori- hirsutus. major B.
entale. EOE TG) 6 oo o Cael:
orientale ... 22) minor.- Crista-Galli.
paniculatum, Bert. Nes- Reichenbach . 271
lia paniculata. Rhodiola . . isxx., 132
perenne 22) |" eroseatie as 6 ono NE
rugosum . . 22|Rhododendron . xlv., 243
Reaumuria aha 135] Chamecistus . 243
vermiculata .. 135] ferrugineum . . 243
Reseda. aire 41 hirsutum . : 243
alba. suftruticulosa. intermedium . . 243
crispata ANUS) 21. enon 5) PRION A
plaucayametematenade 41) Coriaria . Ssuises af
gracilis ne |) Ale Cots). 27.2) set. 74
Jacquinit. lutea B 4.29 dioica. . 74
lutea. ee 42| pentaph tlm. Thezera.
iuteolaier.)2 ame 41} yvadicans . 5 4s
Phyteuma 42| Thezera - 74
purpurascens . 41) Rhynchocoris lv., 271
sesamoides. Astroc. sesam. Elephas . 5 vo Sf
suffruticulosa 2|Rhynchospora . xviii., 381
undata. suffruticulosa. alba . 381
RESEDACEE 41| fusca. 6 16) 6 Bell
Retama. Genista. Ribes A ecod, BG
Rhagadiolus . Ixv., 174] alpinum . . 136
edulis. stellatus 8 . 174) Grossularia . . 136
stellatus . - 174) nigrum . 136
RHAMNEE . . 73| petreum . 6g UBKe
Rhamnus . xxx., 73] reclinatum, RB. Gros-
Alaternus o sularia.
alpina . . 74! rubrum See v5 9. IGS
cathartica 73| Uva-crispa. Grossul.
Frangula . ; 74 | Ricinus Ixxvili., 825
hydriensis. catharticaB 73 africanus . . 325
infectoria . 74) communis . 325
oleoides _ 74 | Robertia . . lxvi., 175
Paliurus. Pal. menlente taraxacoides . 5 AR

488 INDEX.

Page. Page. Page.
Robinia’ . . . Isiii., 96] R.involuta. . . . . 122 | Rotboellia.. Lepturus.
Pseudacacia. . . . 96] gundzilliana, RB. canin. Rubia... . . xxiv., 168
Remeria. Glaucium. lucida. . . . . . 122) angustifolia. peregrina.
Romulea . . . xvil., 357] lutea. . . . . . 122) Bocconi. peregrina B. 168
Bulbocodium. . . . 3857] macrantha . . . . 431] longifolia. . . . . 168
Columne. . . . . 857) majals. cinnamomea 121| lucida. . . . . . 168
LTinaresi. Bulboc. 8B . 357} marginata, RB. toment. peregrina. . . . . 168
purpurascens . . . 357) micrantha . . . . 128} Regucenc. peregrina.
ramiflora. . . . . 3857! montana,Gr.&G. glan- tinctorum . . . . 168
EXO Go dg) adhe al dulosa. RuBiacta . = 22.163
aciphylla, RB. canina. myriacantha.. ... .122}Rubus . .. . xix, 113
afinis, RB. canina. obtusifolia . . . . 431} acherunticus. cesius.
agrestis, RB. rubiginosa. pendulina. alpina. affinis!...y../.) is) eee:
alpma. . . . . . 122] pimpinellifolia. spino- arcticus: 0). es
andegavensis, RB. canin. sissima. argenteus. discolor B 114
apennina. . . . . 123] Pimpineniironi# 121,122) Babingtoni . . . . 115
arvensis . . . . . 123} platyphylla, RB. canin. balfourianus.. . . . 114
arvina,Gr.&G. . . 431) pomefera. villosa. Blozamu. . Babingto-
baltica, RB. lucida. pstlophylla. canina. NiB Se ee eel
Branpa . . . 121,122) pulchella, Woons. IbaKIM 6 a o oo AILS
Borreri, Woovs. inod. ciliato-petala? . . 122) cesius . . . . . 116
boreykiana, RB. canina. pulverulenta. pustulosa? 128 carpinifolius. . . . 115
bractescens . . . . 1238} pumila ..... . 121 Chamemorus . . . 114
Cesian))s- eie ecyeeel2as!) spustulosavy (eee. 1231) collins) ee
canina. ... . . . 123) pyrenaica. alpina. cordifolius . . . . 114
Caninj . . 121,123] repens, RB.. arvensis. corylifohus . . . . 114
caucasica, RB. canina. yeversa . ... . . 122} cupanianus,Guss. glan-
CENDIROUDA Eyer 2 eerubella nk monn’ dulosus.
ciliato-petala. . . . 122] rubiginosa . . . . 123} dalmaticus. tomentosus?
cinnamomea. . . . 121 Rupieinosm . 121, 122 discolor ... . . . 114
CrnnamMomE® . . . 121} rubrifolia. . . . . 123] fastigiatus . . . . 114
collina., canna . . 128] Sabin. . . . . . 122) fissus. plicatusB. . 114
cuspidata, RB. toment. sempervirens ... . 123] foliosus. fuscus . . 115
Dicksoni.. ... . . 122) Sepum . . . . . 123] fruticosus,W.&N. to-
dimorpha, RB. toment, Serafinijeye. Gee ee, mentosus ?
doniana. Sabini B 122] spinosissima. . . . 122|] fruticosus,Sm. discolor 114
dumetorum, Woovs. spinulifolia . . . . 122) fusco-ater . . . . 116
canina. stylosa. arvensis. MIS, 5 3) ¢ oo IIs
Lglanteria. lutea. sylvestris, RB. canina. glandulosus . . . . 116
farinosa, RB. toment. systyla . . . . . 128] Godronw,Gr.&G. cor-
flexuosa, RB. canina. Systynm. . . 121, 123 difolius ?
fetida, Gr.&G. toment. tomentosa . . . « 122} Grabowskii.... . . 114
fetida, Re. lutea. trachyphylla, RB. can. Cini 5 6 6 o « IG
gallica .. . . . . 121) trachyphylia, Gr. & G. hirtusi.. (Qk) pel
geminata . . . . 431 spinulifolia ? humifusus . . . . 116
gentilis, Kocu. rubella 122} turbinmata. . . . . 122} Ideus. . . . . . 114
glandulosa . . . . 123) wumbellata, RB. rubigin. incanescens . . . . 116
glandulosa, BELLARDI 1238] wuneinella, RB. canina. imfestus. Keehleri . 116
glutinosa <2) 22) el'23) |) villosa. 02. | 2 1 22))) Koehler ieee eee
gracilis. Sabimiy .122} Vitnosm. . . 121,122) Jleightonianus . . . 115
graveolens, Gr.&G. ru- viscosa, GuSS. rubigin. Lejeuntt. leucostachys ?
biginosa. Wilsoni.... . . . 122) dJeucostachys. . . . 114
heckeliana |... ). 21l23)|Rosackm >... «24 ili) Tineua ee 5
hecleliana,Guss. heck. IROSEAeamea a oe Lem i linkianus. . . . . 115
hibernica. . . . . 122)Rosmarinus . . xvi., 286] macrophyllus . . . 115
hybrida, Gr.& G. pumila? officinalis. . . 286] micans . .. . . 430

mmodora . . . . .123|RorBpobLLACEZ . 395, 420 nemorosus . . . . 116

INDEX.
Page. Page.
R. nitidus . 114) R. nivalis . 319
piletostachys . . 430} obtusifolius . . 318
plicatus . 114) palustris . . 318
precox, BERT. discolor 114] Patientia . . 318 |
pubescens, W.& N. leu- pratensis . . 318
costachys . .115| Pseudo-acetosa. Acetosa.
Radu ames sn.) e215) 1? pulcher 5 Bo CS
rhamnifolius. cordif. B 114| purpureus, DuBY. ob-
rosaceus . moles tusifolius.
rudis . . 115] sanguineus 318
Salteri. . 114} © seutatus 319
saxatilis . . 114] spinosus . 319
Scabereene: . 115) = Steinti 318
Schlechtendalu. macro- suffocatus . 318
phyllus. thyrsoides, BERT. interm.
Schleicheri 116} — tingitanus 89
serpens, GR. & G. glan- triangularis, Guss, seu-
dulosus ? tatus.
siculus, Guss. tomen- tuberosus . ; 2131/9
tosus. Ruppia. . Xxvi., 348
Sprengelii . 115} drepanensis,Guss. marit.
suberectus . 114] maritima . . 848
sylvaticus . 115] rostellata , . 848
tenuis . . 114] | spiralis . 348
thyrsoideus . . 430 | Ruscus . lxxix., 363
tomentosus . 116] aculeatus . . 363
velutinus . . . . 116} Hypoglossum . 363
vestitus. leucostachys 115| Hypophylium . 363
villicaulis — . . 115 | Ruta eke xlv., 72
Wahlbergii . . . 116} angustifolia . ie
Rumex. xlii., 318 bracteosa . SU SSI AT es
Acetosa . 819] chalepensis. angusti-
Acetosella 5 oly) folia and bracteosa. :
acutus . eee pit oO) |) y= COLSICa 72
e@tnensis. scutatus B . 319 divaricata 72
alpinus . . 319] — graveolens 72
amplexicaulis . 319] montana . 72
aquaticus . . 319] patavina . 72
_arifolius. moutanus. RUTACES 72
bucephalophorus . 319
conglomeratus. acutus. Sabulina. Alsine.
crispus 318 | Saccharum xx., 395
digynus. Osyria digyna. egyptiacum . . 895
dwaricatus, Guss. pul- cylindricum. Imperata
cher B . . 318 cylindrica.
domesticus . 319} Ravenne. Erianthus
elongatus, GUSS. cris- Ravenne.
pus. Tenerife. Panicum
Hydrolapathum . . 318 Teneriffe.
intermedius . SOLO) Sagi seer eo eevee ONT
maritimus . 318| apetala 57
maximus . . 318] bryoides . 57
montanus . 319] ciliata. Bia foe
multifidus . 319 decandra, RB. Alsine
Nemolapathum. — san- sedoides.
guineus. densa, Gr. & G. apet..
nemorosus. sanguineus. depressa, RB. ciliata.
3

489

Page.
S. erecta. Mcenchia erecta.
Linnar, GR. & G. Sper-
gula saginoides.

maritima. . 57
nodosa, Coss. Sper ula
nodosa.
patula. 57
procumbens . 57
stricta. maritima.
subulata. Spergula su-
bulata.
urceolata. ciliata ?
Sagittaria . lxxvil., 345
sagittifolia . B45
SALICINER . 332, 333
Salicornia . xv., 315
amplexicaulis . 315
cruciata 7 385
fruticosa . . d15
herbacea . e Gills
macrostachya 315

procumbens. herhaceate B 315

radicans . 3ilb
Salix ixxviii,, 333
acuminata 000
acutifolia . OOO
adscendens. fuscad . 340
alba a Gein
ambigua . . 340
amygdalina . . 385
AMYGDALINE 884, 335
andersoniana 5) Bots:
angustifolia. . 341
aquatica . 5 Bai
arbuscula . . 840
arenaria . Bs OM
ARENARIZ . 334, 339
argentea. fusca¢. . 340
aurita . wood
babylonica . 8385
bicolor 5 Bei)
borreriana . . - 888
cerulea. alba B ooo
ceesia . . 34)
Caprea BG ol
CAPRER . 334, 337
carinata . 840
cinerea ool
cotinifolia ~ 337
croweana . . 839
cuspidata . - 334
damascena . 3838
daphnoides . 336
davalliana . 338
decipiens . . 334
depressa . . 3387
dicksoniana . . 8389

490 INDEX.
Page. Page.
S. doniana~ 340 S.REPENTES . . 3384, 340
ferruginea c . 8386) reticulata. . . . . 341
Jinmarchica, RB. fusca. Rericunatz . 334, 341
fissa. rubra. TevUsapy i = a OAL
forbyana . . 885| yvosmarinifoia . . . 341
forsteriana . . 3888] RosMARINIFOLIAZ 334, 340
FRAGILES’ Bae, Beall TAR os g 6 5 5 OOO
fragilis > 604) ropesixis’. . 4 2 . 388
fusca . . 340} russelliana . . . . 385
glabra . as ooo | Salyaitoliaya) 7) Ss seesooO
GLACIALES 004, 341] seringiana . . . . 336
glauca . O00) || wasilesiacajes ai) pt) eoor
grandifolia . 887| smithiana . . . . 336
hastata . 3839} spatulata. ambigua B 340
Hegetschweileri . ooo! ssphacelatay 2) mea
Helix . . 835} — starkeana, RB. depressa.
herbacea . . 841} stipularis. . . . . 386
hippophaefolia . 800)|| ‘stuartiana 2. . 2 339
It, 6 6° 6 Oo \\s benuitolials 24 aOoo,
hoffmanniana 7 880)) stenwior ya ew) ooo
holosericea S BOO) Week, 6 6 G 6. 5 Gp
incana . 6 6) o Ga |! TREMGIE 5 5 2. 6 5 Be
imcubacea. fuscae . 840| undulata. . . . . 835
jacquiniana . 841} vacciniifolia. . 340
lambertiana . . 835 | VACCINITFOLLE . 334, 340
lanata . ‘ 841] venulosa. . . . . 340
lanceolata. undulata B 395] versifolia. ambigua B 340
Lapponum, Kocw. are- villarsiana,GUss. amyg-
naria and stuartiana. dalina.
laurina a Gee) VIMINALES . . 384,336
laxiflora 5 . 808]. viminalis. . . . . 336
meyervant. cuspidata. vitellinae 2) 3) 2 88d
mollissima . 806 waldsteiniana, RB. ar-
mollissima, SM. smith- buscula.
jana. Weigeliana . . . . 339
monandra, DUBY. pur- woolgariana. . . . 336
purea. wulfencana, RB. glabra.
myrsinites ie emosdasalsolaja rai. epexxaeroll2
Myrsinites . 534,341) fruticosa. Sueeda frut.
myrtilloides . 6 BAO 1 Ike 5 . 312
nigricans . 338| maritima. Sueeda mart.
nitens . . 339] oppositifolia. . . . 312
oleifolia . 337 | prostrata. Kochia prostr.
pentandra WOSAile ASOda man iinet ebole
petrea -. Ooo. | -Lragusy Wali Mee) oe
phillyreifolia . . 809 vermiculata . . . . 312
phylicifolia . 888) Salvia . . . . xvi, 284
pontederana . . 386] Althiopis. . . . .-285
procumbens . 7 OAs) Margentea). 5. 285
propinqua 3388| austriaca. . ... . 285
prostrata, SM. fusca +y 840] Bertoloni . . . . 286
PRUINOS 334, 336| detonicefolia, RB. ob-
prunifolia . 840 longata.
purpurea . Py Maloooie Cananiensisy mest \) /aeeoo
PURPUREE .. 334, 335 candidissima. argen.B 285 |
pyrenaica . : . 340} ceratophylloides. . . 286
repens. fusca B . 8401 clandestina . . . . 286

Page.

Siconfusaween eee oo
controversa . . . . 286
Parganica eens eso
glutinosa. . . . . 285
hematodes . . . . 286
hispanicay ae SO
Horminum . . . 285

incisa. verbeuaca B . 286
multifida. clandest. 8 286_
nemorosa. sylvestris.

Olsen 2 2 - . Ae
Ofiicinalisi ee
pratensis . « 285
scabrida, Bert. sylves-
tris ?
Sclarealys)- =) Saienae2 50
sclareoides . . . - 286
sylvestris . . . . 206
tiberind cso
trlobaeee . 285
variegata, RB. praten.
verbenaca . . . . 286
Verticillatanaei ie aenee oO
WE pg IO
GIG b 6 (ol 4 o Bw
viscosa. le . 285
Salvinia . . ‘lxxxii., 427
Matos eo erwae - 427
Sambucus... xxxix., 162
Ebulus!))<) eee
ea Sess oo. LGR
Tacemosal yi) ey eno
Samolus . . . xxix., 303
Welergmch 5 5 6 - GB
Sanguisorba. . xxv., 121
auriculata, RB. officin.
dodecandra . . . . 121
garganica. Potertum
garganicum.

media. officmalis B . 121
minor. Poterium Sanguis.
officinalis...) . 121
spinosa. Poterium | spin.
SaneuisorBE® . 111, 121

Sanicula . . senate 142
GUIS 49 4 oo UY
SANICULE® xxxil. xxxiii., 142
SANTALACEH . . . « 322
Santolina. . . lxix., 206
Alb 6 ke AUG
Chameecyparissias . . 206
erucoides. . . . . 206
incana, Dusy. Cha-
meecyparissiasa . . 206
leueantha) ia) cee 00

rosmarinifolia . . —. 206
pectinata. . . . ~ 206

Page

INDEX.

Page,

§C.
S. squarrosa. Chamec. y 206) 8, atropurpurea. muse. ¢ 138

tomentosa, Chamec. B 206

viridis. . a Gaeattarat 016)
villosissima. Ghoiete 5 206
Saponaria xlvi., 46
bellidifolia . . 46
cespitosayy ye. 4 1) 4G
calabricaya ic, . 46
Gepressaieniiryn sie) ce 46
Unbeayeain coe.) yale! AG
acymoides) mg) ns 46
Oficinalisjae ee 4G
CVAETMEMNS SG Br glace
Naccartawemn iin an! NAG
Sarcocapnos. . . lxi., 13
enneaphyllay ans. 18
Sarothamnus. Cytisus.
Satureja . . . Ii., 287

canescens, Guss. Mi-
cromeria canescens.
capitatus. Thymus cap.
consentina. Microme-
ria greeca.
cuneifolia ue . 287
fasciculata, BERT. Mi-
crom. approximata.

greca. Microm. greeca.
HOTLERSISHe) ise 0,
juliana. Microm. jul.

microphylla, Guss. Mi-
crom. ae
montana. . . . 287
nervosa. Mlicrom. nerv.
Piperella, Bert. Micro-
meria Piperella.
pygmea . . . 287
rupestris. Microm. yup.
sicula. Muicrom. greeca.
tenuifolia. Micr. greeca.
hyamnbrae ie 0 5). 287
WENGER |S) og) BOR nace)
SATUREINES ., Ii, lii., 287

Saussurea 5 Ikoratls, all)
alpmapenoiiey 29
CHICO 545 Lia Paes)
DygMmecdenens 4 29

Saxifraga . xlvi., 136
adscendens . . . 139
ATT Somme 2) 0 18.9
aIZOldeSwee TAO
AUZOON es os 1 St7
apuentolianim). . . L389
ambiguar.) 2). 48h
androsacea . . . . 188
arachnoidea . . . . 140
PRETONCES 5 ig! dig sy lBsS}
aSperaweis a). LA

atrorubens. aizoides B 14.0
austratis. lingulata.
bifloraeiany | wikis ae ed
bayordesiyeiiie ei) a) sn Laue
ulbiterane ames ee Mere AO)
bursenianawyev ey eee
ceesia OMS CoM ta aa 3
cesia, DUBY. squarrosa.
Caymios | 4) bi a vo Lae)
CapItAtaiy i nen oD
capitata, GR. & G. aju-
gifolia.
CELNUA Ce LAO),
Clusia Mae] tAi()
cochilearisirsnienl ett
compacta. cesia.
controversa’). .). . 140

corsica, GR.& G. gra-
nulata.

Cotyledone ey si iloi7
crocea. rauscoides y . 138
Crustatayes aye dena
cumeifoliar yarn nieaa ne Ault

decipiens, RB. ceespit.y 139

depressa, RB. andro-
SACEAR OMe te melt oo)
diapensoides. . . . 138
lation ay Namen el ti)
elecan SiMe unseen
clongellan ei esl oo
exaratay nines
HaAcchimiie en ny Mes S
Horulentay inure: elie ls
Seramloides aval) lls y loo
Geumine oi Wein Sys Ail
glabellaneaan hommes
granulata . . . . 140

grenlandica. ceespit. 8 139
hederacea. parviflora. 140

hieracntoliae we hho laO
Ferculusian ii seni ey ao
IS Ut en yee nila
TAORLAY Oy epi al ehh Nesey)
Hohenwartin: 3. 2 11389
Hostit, Re. elatior ?

hypnordesy (ysl yc.) liad
wntermedia. exarata y 138

intricata, GR. & G. exar.

Kochi asin HO

ladanifera, Dusy. pedatif.
leucanthemifolia. Clusii.

hing ulatae ei ye S si,
lonsifolae ie enema
luteo-purpurea. are-

SN ULOLCESH OMAN Rte EOS

luteo-purpurea,Gr. &G. 431
3. R 2

491

Page.
S:marginatay jc) 20) em) Log
MEAT Mcir 137
moschata. muscoides 8 138
muscoides . . . . 138
HUE a bo MBIT
mervosa’ "3; 5/e\ meee
Tyalis tra) mem meCaO
Obscura l- nica Teneo
oppositifolia. . . . 187
palmata, SM. ceespitosa.
paradoxa. “ahibruck-
nera paradoxa.
Patvitlorat! | - aie. al4.0
MAMI Bo, id) do Lats
pedatitida 75) als.
pedemontana . . . 139
pentadactylis . . . 188
MeiTesa iain hea neem,
planit HOE ab 6 io. dats)
porophylla . . . . 187
pubescens, DUBY. ex-
aratay Sherer meenmenal 3.3
recta, RB. Aizoon.
repanda. rotundifolia 8 140
TELUSA! etiam Seton
rivularis);. +. 9. 2). 140
rotundifolia . . . . 140
rudolphiana . . . . 137
secunda. xauscoides 5 138
sedoides’ 9... 139
Seguieri ei Sits ha emliad
sponhemica . . . . 139
squarrosal.) |e ta) Los
stellaris| . 3.) 2.) 140
stenopetala .. . . . 138

Sternbergit, RB. ceespi-
tosa.

Genella wey irl weet o
tridactylites. . . . 140
(hod oVRoety Jy A eG. (a adlZall
valdensis. cesiaB . 138
Vandellin: ue memory
SAXIFRAGACEH . . . 186
Scabiosa vaxxavinlejal
amabigualrs) siete ealnye
argentea Buble Skye
arvensis. emt ¢ arv.
atropurpurea. . . . 172
australis .. . 3

campestris, RB. ‘Knau-
tia arvensis.

Columbariay = 2 giz
crenata ie ills eae 2,
Cretica iin ce atiermmeeely (Al
Cupant, GUSS. — mari-
tima. 5
dichotomap asin senate

Page.
S. pes ifolia, Rs. Knau-
tia sylvatica.
eburnea 172
graminifolia . Al
grandiflora, Guss. 155
Gramuntia 173
hladnickiana . 5 1
holosericea ogee 172)
hybrida, Knaut. hybr.
integrifolia. Knautia
hybrida.
limoniifolia . ste HTL
longifolia, RB. Knau-
tia aes
lucida . ; . 172
maritima 5 ae
monspeliensis . 172
multiseta 171
ochroleuca 172
pauciseta 173
prolifera . 172
pyrenaica . 172
“ rutifolia . 172

sicula, GUSS. argentea ?

silenifolia . 173
stellata 172
suaveolens 173
Succisa , 173
sylvatica. Knaut. syly.
uckranica. argentea.
uniseta. pauciseta . 107/33
urceolata. rutifolia.
vestina 3! ig. LEAS)
SCANDICINEH . XXxxiil.,
xxxvil., 158
Scandix xxxvil., 158
australis . . 158
brachycarpa . . 158
hispanica . . 432
Pecten-Veneris . . 158
Scheuchzeria xli., 345
palustris . . 345
Schismus . . xxi, 407
calycinus . . 407
Schoberia. Sueeda.
Scheenus . . xviil., 380
albus. Rhynchosp. alba.
compressus. Blysmus
compressus.
ferrugineus : 381
fuscus. Rhynchosp. ‘fuse.
Mariseus. Cladium
Mariscus.
mucronatus . . 380
nigricans . . . 380
rufus. Blysmus rufus.
Scilla xli., 365

Ugh, Guss. peruviana 366
umbellata, DUBY. verna.

INDEX
i Page. Page.
S. ameena : 366 S. parvulus . . 381
autumnalis . . . 866] pauciflorus . 382
Bertolonu. italica. pubescens . 383
bifolia . . 866) pungens. Rothii.
Cupani . 3866} radicans . . 383
Sastiguata. Hyacinthus romanus. Holoscheen. y 382
fastigiatus. Roth eee aS Oe
hyacinthoides . 366) rufus, Kocu. Blysm.
intermedia . 366 rufus. :
italica. .. . 866} Savi . . 382
Liho- Hyacinthus . 366] — setaceus . 382
maritima. . . . 865] supinus . 382
nutans. Hyacinthus sylvaticus . 383
nonscriptus. Taberneemontani . 382
obtusifolia . 866} tenwifolius. Rothii.
patula. Hyacinthus pa- triqueter . . 382
tulus. uniglumis . 381
peruviana . 866} Scleranthus . . xlyi., 131
sicula. peruviana. . 366] annuus . 131

hirsutus, GUSS. perenn.
marginatus, GUSS. per-

undulata . . 365 ennis.
verna . . . . 366) xeglectus, RB. perennis.

‘| Scirpus . xvii, 381] perennis . . 131
acicularis . . 881] polycarpus . 131
alpinus . 382} verticillatus. annuus.
annuus, DuBY. Fimbrist. Sclerochloa . . xxii., 411

annua. Borreri . 411
atropurpureus . . . 3881] convoluta . 411
australis. Holosche-- distans . All

nus B. + 0o2 divaricata . All
Baothryon. paneitlorns, dura . 411
cespitosus . . 882| hemipoa. rigida . All
caricinus. Blysmus « com- loliacea . All

pressus. maritima . . 411
carinatus . . 382] procumbens . . 411
carmiolicus . 881]. nigida . . 411
compressus. Blys. compr. Triticum . . 411
dichotomus, Guss. Fim- Scolopendrium Ixxxi., 425

bristylis dichotoma. Ceterach. Ceterach
Duvalit. carinatus. officmarum.
fluitans : . 883] Hemionitis . . . 425
glaucus. Tabernzemon- officinale. vulgare.

tant) ye 382] officitnarum. vulgare.
globiferus. Holoschee- sagittatum . 425

nus 5 : . 382} vulgare . - . « 425
Holoschceenus . 882| ScoLymMEm . Isxiv., Ixv., 173
lacustris . . 882| Scolymus . lxv., 173
littoralis . . 382] grandiflorus . . 173
maritimus . 882| hispanicus . 178
michelianus . . 383} maculatus . 173
Minae. Savi B . 382 | Scopolina 2 XxIKes 209)
mucronatus . . 382|} —atropoides . 259
multicaulis . 381 hladnickiana, Kocnu.
ovatus . 381 viridiflora.
palustris . . 3881] vinidiflora o)6 BY
panormitanus . 3863 | Scorpiurus . lun, 100

INDEX. 493

Page. Page.

S. acutifolia. . . . .100}S.oblongifolia . . . . 2653 S. Labaria. 'Telephium B "132
munca) | LOO) peregrina... °. . . 262)| forsterianums) #99 134
subvillosa . . . . 100] prnnatifida. canina. gulioides. Cepea.
sulcata . . . . . 100} pyrenaica. . . . . 262) glanduliferum . . . 133
vermiculata . . . . 100] ramosissima. . . 263 glandulosum. . . . 133

Secorzonera . . lIxvi., 179} sambucifolia. trifoliata. glaucum, Re. hispan.
angustifolia . . . .179] Scopoli . . . . . 262] glaucum, Su. reflexum.
aristata . . . . . 179] Scorodonia . . . . 262| heptapetalum. ceruleum.
ausimacdwmenin ae 4 liig| oe subvecticilata | 4 y262) hirsutum 2) ee eeloe
caleitrapifolia, Rs. trifoliatayn 8 ane. 202)|\- hispanicumys sella

Podospermum ealci- vernalis . . . . . 262] Jdatifolium. maximum.

trapifolium. SCROPHULARIACEH . . 262] litoreum. . . . . 132
Columne. Podosp. Col. SCROPHULARINEE . . 262| magellense . . . . 182
decumbens. Podosper. Scutellaria . . li, 290} Magnolii. . . . . 132

caleitrapifolium. Alou se ee 6 GUO) earn eg IBY
deliciosay 3) . . ©. «179)| altissima. . © . . 290) ‘mucranthum. album.
glastifolia. hispanica8 179} Columne . . . . 290} mzcranthum,Gr. &G. alb.
grammiyfola. austriaca ? commutata, GusS. al- monregalense 5 co dlp
Hursutapeeeee cn.) 6 Le 9 tissima. neapolitanum. dasyphyl.
hispamica =. . . . 179) galericulata . . . . 290| meglectum. acre.
Silom saa se 9 Gussonii . . . . . 290} weceense, Guss. altissi-
intermedia. Podosper. hastitolia: yn .n aun oo mum ?

intermedium. Minor. 4-2) 0 290i) Notar-jannives 182
laciniata. Podosp. lac. pallida. Columnie. purpureum, RB. Teleph.
macrorrhiza. humilis y 179] peregrina. . 290} purpurascens, KocH.
montana, bispanicay. 179 | SCUTELLARINEE ii. , lilt, 290 Telephium.
muricata. Podosp. lacin. Secale . . . . xix., 419] vecurvatum, RB. reflexum.
octangularis. Podosp. CRAIG 5 Ig gs gg GND alo, 3, . 134

jacquinianum. montanum . , . . 419] Rhodiola. Rhod. rosea.
permite, gf eb gale Nallkesmins 5 Gg oy CU Seale Gg IR
plantaginea. humilis8 179|Securigera . . lxii., 101 rupestre, DUBY, RB. reflex.
PUG UCCaRe me mNureue pli 9ll je Coronillay sis sal ue LO lal em cupestre.. OM ise vme uments A
OSCAR eli 9) Secu yo) xl vale 2, saxatilei ss.) lone oS
HEMITMONN, 5 gor ja) oA ee Soe Ba 8b a! to 1B sexangulare .-. . . 134
trachysperma . . . 179 albescens).2° 2) ==) on elo: stellajum! sas eee 2
villosa. Galasia villosa. albumen. ; 133) |(anLelepbinmy eae aeal 32

ScoRZONURE® Ixv., lxvi., 178 alpestre, GR. & G. saxat, tetraphyllum, RB. Cepeea.

Scrophitarian @. 04 lv.262)| valsimtolium™ “2 22) 2 132)|/> vuniflorum: 5) 72. aig?
alpestiismemeei ts. 202) |)s altissimum) =) e804) 034) )ee villosum= alos
aquavicaseet-) yee.) 268), amplexicaule, 2 -*9133)|\Selinumy «55 < xxxviey pill
auniculatagen |.) . 200)|., | Anacampseros) 9-7) 93 132))) Yearuifolium) * 71 saehbul
Balbisix. aquatica B . 263 andegavense. . . . 1338 Cervaria. Peuced. Cerv.
betonicefola, RB. gran- anglicuom. . . . . 133] Gmelinz, RB. Coniose-

didentata. AA Siglo! g 4 188} lium Fischeri.
bicolor, GUSS. canina? anopetalum . . . . 134] Oreoselinum. Peuced.
canina . 263| atratum . . . . 138 Oreoselinum.
chry -ysanthemifolia. ¢ can. boloniense. sexangulare. palustre. Ostericum pal.
Whrharti. . . 268| brevifolium . . . . 133] radlense. Peuced. rabl.
glandulosa. Scopolii. Geruleum™ 2-5) ) 138 sulcatum, BERT. Peu- ~
glauca, BERT. lucida. cespitosum. Magnoli. ‘ced. austriacum ?
grandidentata . . . 262) Cepera . . . . .182| venetum. Peuced. venet.
ELON platens) i) ee o65)||) corsicumy. 4 |.) 1383) Sempervivjuml \exlyaieS 4
lacimiata . . . . . 263) cruciatum. monregalense. arachnoideum . . . 134
lucas sees 203i) dasyphyllum) 4 See) 33) |) arboreum’s :s eel A.
meWiterdege a)... 202i) elepans) (7... 2) 2 34.) arenarium) ) Se eeeeeeloo
IN GESITinMe OC nehts (208 ertocarpum, Guss. his- arvernensis, Gr. & G.

OOS, 5 AL BS eo Che panicum. tectorum.

494,
Page.
S. Braunii . 184
Funckii . Bs te 134
globiferum, RB. sobolif.
globiferum, WULFEN.
Wulfenii.
hirtum 134
montanum 134
soboliferum . . 135
tectorum . 134
Wulfenii . 5) olay
Senebiera lvii., 17
Coronopus a eel
didyma. pinnatifida.
pinnatifida 17
Senecio . . . Ixx., 207
abrotanifolius 210

adonidifolius. axtemisuf,

eethensis . . 208
alpinus 209
aMbieuUswew ete LO
anthorefolius, RB. del-
phinifolius.
apuanus, Rp. Doria?
aquaticus. . . 209
artemisiifolius . 209

barbareefolius, RB. aquat.

bicolor > 210
Cacaliaster . 210
candidus . . 210
carniolicus . 210
ceratophyllus. Cine-
raria B . 210
Cineraria . 210
cordatus. alpinus. .
erassifolius . 209
delphinifolius . 209

denticulatus, RB. vulgaris.

Doria . Seoul
Doronicum . 211
erraticus . . 209
erucifolius . 209
flosculosus. — saxaceni-

cus B . 210
foeniculaceus . . 208
Fuchsii. nemorensis B 210
gallicus . 208
gibbosus . . . 210
glabratus, incanus 8. 210
humilis. \eucanthemi-

folius B . 208
incanus . 210
incrassatus . 208
ttalicus. incanusy =. - 210
Jacobea . . 209
jacquinianus, RB. nemor.
lanatus 4 2
leucanthemifolius . 208

INDEX.

S. leucophyllus .
linifolius .
lividus. sylvaticus B .
lyeopifolius .

Page. Page.
210 S. heterophylla . . 219
SPRUE amin 95 5 gl 4 BMG)
208] etegrifolia. tinctoriay 219
. 209] mollis 3 so MIG

. 209] moschata. mollis B . 219

lyratifolius

maritimus, RB, Cinerar.

nitida. heterophylla 8 219

Marmoree . 208} unudicaulis . 219
nebrodensis . . 209} pumila. tinctoriaB . 219
nemorensis . 210] radiata . og BMY)
octoglossus. nemoren.y 210} Rhaponticum. Rhapon-
paludosus 5 6 ell ticum scariosum.
paradoxus. nebrod. 8 209} tinctoria . . 219
parviflorus . » 210} Seseli . . xxxv., 149
prealtus . . 209} ammoides. Ptychotis
pratensis, DC. Cinera- verticillata.
ria pratensis. annuum. coloratum.
pygmeeus . 208} denne. coloratum.
rotundifolius. Doroni- Bocconi . . 149
cum B . - 211} caruifolium . . 432
rupestris. nebrodensis. coloratum . 139
saracenicus . 210) elatum. Gouani? . 149
Scheuchzeri . . 209! glaucum . . 149
squalidus . . 209} Gouani . : . 149
subalpinus . 209) Hippomarathrum . 149
sylvaticus . 208} Libanotis. Libanotis
tenuifolius. erucifolins. montana.
tomentosus. Doronic.y 211} Jucanum . . 433
Tournefortii . . 211) montanum . 149
uniflorus . - 210} polyphyllum . . 149
vernalis . 209} Sbthorpii,Gr.&G. Li-
vernus . 208 banotis verticillata.
viscosus . 208] tortuosum . 149
vulgaris . 208) varium . 149
SENECIONIDESE Inviii.Ixx., 207 | SESELINEH xxxiil., xxxv., 147
Serapias lIxxiv., 355 | Sesleria xxi., 408
cordigera. . - 855] — ceerulea . 408
Lingua - . . 855} cylindrica. elongata.
longipetala. Lingua. disticha. Oreochloa dis-
oxyglottis . 855 ticha.
parviflora . . 355} elongata . . . 408
Pseudo-cordigera. Ling. juncifolia, RB. tenui-
triloba 355 folia.
Seriolayai aaa ixvi., 175| = microcephala. tenella.
@etnensis. Metabasis eet- mitiday ae . 408
nensis. spheerocephala . 408
albicans. levigatay 175} tenella : . 408
eretensis. Metab. cret. tenuifolia . . 408
depressa . . . . 175} Setaria . xx., 396
glauca, levigataB . 175) ambigua, Guss. viridis.
levigata . . . 175) germanica . 396
Serratula . . lexi, 219] glauca . 396
alpina. Saussurea alpin. italica . . 896
Boccont. humilis B . 219} verticillata . 396
cichoracea. See Hrrata. viridis . oo 5 BOG
cyanoides . . 219 | Sherardia . xxiv., 163
cynaroides. Rhaponti- arvensis . . . 168
cum cynaroides. Sibbaldia . xxxix., 120

S. procumbens .

Page.
. 120] S. Elizabethee

Sibthorpia liv., 266
europxa . . 266

Sida ss os). Lx.,.65
Abntilon . 65

Sideritis liv., 296
approzimata. romanaB 296
hirsuta . Rete 296
hyssopifolia. scord. B 296
incana. hirsuta, .
montana . . 296
perfoliata . 296
pyrenaica. scord. y . 296
romana 5h PANG
scordioides . 296
sicula . . 296
tomentosa . 296

Silaus . . xxxv., 150
pratensis . . 150
virescens, GR.& G. Gas-

parinia virescens.

Silene . xlvi., 47
acaulis 4]
alpestris . 51
amblevana. nutans Be 50
anglica. gallicaB . 48
angustifola. inflata 8 48
annulata, THORE. cre-

tica.
Armeria . 52
auriculata, RB. “Janugin.
iBeliemye aks < 48
bicolor : 5 al
bipartita, GR. &G. se-

ricea.
brachypetala . 48
bracteosa, BERT. mus-

cipula ?
calycina . 52
Campanula . . . 51
canescens. sericea.
Caunolcamemee ms ae 6 50
cerastoides. gallicae . 48
chloranthae) 2%. 49
ciliata . : 49
clandestinaywen) ne) De
commutata. - Faharia.
congesta, DuBY. italica?
conica . AT
conoidea . AT
cordifolia . 50
corsica 50
corymbifera . 52
GRATCR, eae ease |
decumbens. sericea.
dichotoma 48
echinata . 51

INDEX.

Page.
50
exscapa 47
Fabaria 48
fimbriata . 4A]
fruticosa . 50
fuscata 52
gallica 48
glandulosa, Brrr. v gal 2
Greefferi . . 49
hispida 49
inaperta . . 51
inaperta, GR. & G. scabr.
inflatayenennecwe ns 48
infracta, RB. nutans.
italica . 50
Kaulfussii 52
lanuginosa 48
linicola 51
livida. nutans.
Loiseleuru, Gr. & G.
Lychnis lita.
lusitanica. gallicad . 48
Mandralisci . 5 Bll
maritima . 47
mollissima AD
multicaulis,GUSS. in-
aperta.
muscipula 51
neglecta . 48
nemoralis 50
niceensis . 50
noctiflora, . 51
nocturna . 48
nutans 50
Otites . 49
paradoxa . 50
pauciflora Hen 0.0
pelidna, RB. wutans.
pendula : 48
petraa, RB. Saxifraga $ >
pilosa, RB. italica.
portensis, GR. & G. bi-
color.
pubescens : 48
pudibunda, RB. quad-
rifida.
Pumilio| . . 4.7
pusilla, RB. quadrifida.
quadridentata. quadrifid.
quadrifida pee eyneD iL!
quinquevulnera. acl 48
Requienii . : 50
rubella 52
rubens 49
rupestris . 51
_sabuletorum . 49
Salzmanni 50

4.95
Page.
S. sassiana 51
Saxifraga 50
SCADA es 51
sedoides 51
sericea eS
sicula, Guss. italica.
staminea . AD
sylvestris, RB. seat
tatarica 49
tenoriana, GR. &G. in-
flata.
tenuiflora 5]
Thorei, GR. & G. ma-
ritima.
tridentata 48
trinervia . 48
turbinata, jo een 2)
umbellata. OtitesB. 49
uniflora. wnaritima.
vallesia 50
velutina, GR. &G. molliss:
vespertina 49
viridiflora 49
viscosa 49
SILENEX 44
Siler SBP OoamIy, , 154
aquilegifolium, RB. tri-
lobum.
trilobum . . 154
SILERINE® Xxxili. xxxvii., 154
Silybum . Ixii., 230
Marianum 65 RY)
Simethis . xli., 365
planifolia . 365
Sinapis lix., 22
alba 22
amplexicaulis 23
apula 23
arvensis AO
Cheiranthus, Erucas-
trum monense.
dissecta . . 23
heterophylla. incana a8 23
hispida 23
incana 23
nigra . 23
orientalis 23
panormitana, . 28
pubescens - 23
sicula. virgata. ;
virgata 23
Sison XXXIV., , 146
Amomum . 146
laterifloram . 146
segetum. Petroselinum
segetum.
SISYMBRIEX Wi., lix., 25

496
Page.
Sisymbrium . Ealixee25
acutangulum, austyria-
CUNT LCase
Alliaria. Alliaria offi-
cinalis.
altissimum ; 25
amphibrum. Nasturtium
amphibium.

asperum. Braya aspera.

austriacum 25
bursifolium . 26
Columnee 26
erysimoides . 25
hispanicum . 25
Trio 25
Loeselii a, one ounee
monense. Hrucastrum
monense.
multisiliquosum, RB.
austriacum.
Nasturtium. Nastur-
tium officinale.
obtusangulum. Krucas-
trum obtusangulum.
officinale 25
pannonicum . 5 4 0
pinnatifidum. Braya
pinnatifida.
polyceratium 25
Sophia 26
strictissimum 25
supinum. Braya supina.
tanacetifolium. Hu-
gueninia tanacetifol.
tararacifolium. austy.B 25
thalianum 5g Ao
Sium .. xxxiv., 145
angustifolium . 145
crassipes. Helosciadium
crassipes.
intermedium, TEN. He-
losciad. nodiflorum ?
enundatum. Hel.inund.
latifolium . 145
longifolum . . 145
nodiflorum. Hel. nodifi-
stoloniferum, Guss. He-
losciad. nodiflorum ?
Smilax Ixxix., 363
aspera . 363
mauritanica . . 363
micnageiee . 363
SMYRNE® xxxiil. xxxvili., 160
Smyrnium xxxvili., 161
Olusatrum 5 AGH
perfoliatum . . 161
rotundifolium . 161

INDEX.

Page.
SOLANACE® . 257
SOLANER A a ae
Solanum . XXix., 258
Dulcamara . 258
humile. nigrumy . 258
insanum . 6 oS
Ly copersicum . 258
marinum. Dulcam. B 258
Melongena . 258
miniatum. villosum B 258
moschatum . . 258
nigrum . . 258
ochroleucum. nigrum mB 258
Pseudo-capsicum . 258
pterocaulon, RB. ni-
erum.
rubrum. villosum.
sodomewm ; 258
stenopetalum. nigrumd 258
tuberosum . 258
villosum . 5 9 NS
Soldanella xxviil., 302
alpina . . 802
minima . 803
montana . . 802
pusilla . 803
Solidago . . lxviii., 196
alpestris. Virga-aureay 196
cambrica. Virga-aurea 6 196
ericetorum. eh
aurea B . 196
graveolens. Inula grav.
littoralis. Virg.-aur. ¢ 196
minuta, Virg.-aur.e. 196
nudiflora. Virg.-aur. @ 196
reticulata. Virg.-aur.n 196
Virga-aurea . . 196
SoNCHEE Ixv., Ixvii., 188
Sonchus . lxvii., 188
alpinus. Mulged. alp.
arvensis a gg EK)
OG oo no co a dle
chondrilloides. TZolli-
koferia chondr.
littoralis, RB. marit.
maritimus SESS LOS
Nymanni. . 189
oleraceus . . 188
palustris . . 189
parviflorus . 188
pectinatus 5g dlets}
picroides. Picridium vulg.
Plumieri. Mulged. Plum.
tenerrimus . 188
Sorbus. . xiviii., 124
Aria . 124
Aucuparia . 124

Page.
S. Chamzemespilus . . 125
domestica . 125
florentina . 125
hybrida . 124
lanuginosa, RB. Aucu-
paria.
latifolia . 124
premorsa . . . . 124
scandica. latifolia.
torminalis co WS
Sorghum . 38) BOE)
halepense . . 895
saccharatum . . 396
strictum . . 395
vulgare . 395
Soyerta. Crepis.
Spallanzania’. xliy., 120
agrimonioides . 120
Sparganium .. Ixxy., 379

erectum, RB. ramosum.

natans 379
ramosum . 379
simplex oo OY)
Spartina . . . xxi, 402
alterniflora 403
stricta . _. 402
Spartium . . ix. 78
atnense. Genista etn.
corsicum. Genist. cors.
Cupant. Genista Cu-

pani.
decumbens. Gen. diffusa.
ertnacioides. Gen. aspa-
lath. and Salzmanni.
Gussonu. Gen. monosp.

gymnopterum. Genist.
ephedrioides.
infestum. Cytisus in-
festus.
junceum . 78
lanigerum. Cyt. spinosus.
Moris. Gen. Morisii.
radiatum. Gen. radiata.
scoparium. Cytisus scop.
spinosum. Cytisus spin.
villosum. Cyt. lanigerus.
Specularia xxx., 241
faleata tlie pment
hirta. Speculum B . 241
hybrida » . 241
Speculum . 241
Spergula . . . xlvii., 57
arvensis « BY
glabra . 58
maxima. arvensis.
Morison, pentandra.
nodosa Pent tac Ny

Page

S.pentandra . . . . 57
ilu, 6 oneal
Saginoides)) 7). 2. 1) 57
SD, o 5) Ub ona neath
subulata . 57
vulgaris, Rs. arvensis.

Spergularia. Alsine.

Sphenopus. Poa.

Spirea . xlviii., 112
ANTUNES 6a) Bo) atl
chameedryfolia . . . 112
crenata. hypericifolia.
decumbens 112
denudata, RB. Ulmaria.
Filipendula eg gully
flabellata . . 112
flexuosa, RB. decumbens.
hypericifolia . . 112
oblongifolia. chame-

dryfolia.
obovata. hypericifolia.
salicifolia . . 112
Ulmaria . 3p ae iid 2)
ulmniOlagem ies is ed 12

Siang 5 § yo ge ee

Spiranthes . Ixxiy., 355
COS ULV ALIS eae es pei a OOD
autumnalis. spiralis.
CERNUA En iceOoD
SpinaliSM mean OOD

STAcHYDEm . Iii, liii., 291

Stachys) 9. . = lin.;.293
pinay snail) 200
ambigua. palustris 8B. 293
CUTIVE, 66! TS Sn iy See:
ARCO ee Oo
arvensis . . 293
barbigera . . 294
biennis, Rs. germanie.
Corsica.) . 293
dasyanthes. germanica.
eran Came eae
glutinosa . ee OA
eracleaeiere, soc. 42293
hirta . yellbey ese OAs
italica . . 293
labiosa dew hoon
JEWENE,. go 18) Br eB}
FOTN 6 6 ig Ale ae
marrubiifolia . . . 293
palustris . . 293
pubescens » =» 294
TREC) 6) 5) a alco pee!
salviefolia. italica.
Sideritis. recta.
spinulosa . . 294
subcrenata . 294

INDEX.

Page.
S: sylvatica 1 4, 298
Stehelina . . lxxil., 219
arborescens . . 219
GI, 6) By go go oo EY
UCM.) 55 o 6 Alp)
Stapelia . xxxil., 246
europea; 9. 0) 9. 246
Staphylea. 5 POOMDiGe Ui)
WOMEN 6 5 5 6 8

Statice. (See also Ar-
meria.) .xxxix., 804

acutifolia, BERT. mi-
mutay Sine 306

albida, Guss. psilocada
articulata . Sheena 306
auriculifolia . . . . 305

bellidifolia, DUBY. caspia.
bellidifolia, BERT. psi-
loclada.

cancellata . . 306
caspia . a Bi 25). 6 BOG)
cordata san) (mea oO0
cossyrensis. oleifolia.
cumana Lea chap th OOO
densiflora) =). e805)
dichotoma, Guss. olei-
folia.
dictyoclada . 806
diffusa . ets 00
Dodartiteye aon OD
drépanensis. Limo-
nium ¥ Bi elie GOS)
dubia, Guss. oleifolia.
duriuscula 5 6) 6 CUES
echioides!-nn 2 wisn oD
ferulacea. . 5) o BUG
Surfuracea, Rs. can-
cellata.
globulariifolia . . . 305
Gmelint. Limonium B 304
gracilis. Tinetia. . 306

entermedia. globularif.
Limonium . 304

lychnidifoha. . . . 805
minuta et OG
minutiflora . 805
meonopetala . . 807
occidentalis . . 805
Oleifoliawee a emiicn Nr OD
ovalifoha. 2. . . . B05

oaxylepis, BOISSIER. au-
riculifolia.
. 806

parvifolia. Tineii B

psiloclada . 805
pubescens . . . . 306
pygmea. Tineliy . 306
rariflora . . 304

35

497

Page,

Spreticulata. 9 aimee sreo06
scopoliana. Dodartii?
serotina. Timonium.
sibthorpiana. . . . 305
SINMAbay ents Ot
Smithii. oleifolia.
spatulata, Wooker.

Dodartii.
tenuicula. Cumana B . 306
Tineii . . 306
virgata, BoIssipR. olei-
folia.

Steinhammera . xxvii., 255
mia, 6 og 6 4 5 Ney

Stellaria . . . xlvi., 56
anomala, RB. viscida.
aquatica, Coss. uligi-

nosa.
nil Sg gl en BB
GAPE 5° 5 56 « fe
CEaSSI0 112) sae eee SG
dilleniana, RB. uliginosa.
frIesian aye eye eae G
BIBI 5 og oo AE
Sramiineal eee
grandiflora. media B. 56
INOLOStea) aa eee 6
latifolia cients
longifolia, RB. friesiana.
Median ies = bo
neglecta, RB. media.
nemorum . eG
nivalis. cerastoides Bo. BE
radicans. cerastoides.
saxiiraga; oan 6
scapigera =) 2) ane
Oi sinosals ie) alee 6
WARE) ss gg 56

STELLATA. See RuBracen.

Stellera “y xliveool
Passerinaear eel
pubescens) Pea een eso

Stenactis . . Ixviii., 198
GMMR SG oa oo ISB
bellidiflora. annua.

Sternbergia . . x1, 360
colchiciflora 360
lutea : 360
sicula, lutea?

Stipa i xxil:, 401
Aristella 401
capillata . 401
juncea =) 201
Lagasce, Guss. capill.
pinnata . 401
tortilis 5 ol ZK

STIPACEE 394, 401

498

Page.
Stratiotes . . 1, 845
. aloides. . 345
Streptopus . . xii, 362
amplexifolius . 362
Struthiopteris Ixxxii., 426
germanica . 426
Sturmia. Liparis.
Styrax . . Xiv., 244
officinalis . 244,
Sueda . . xxxi., 312
altissima . . 12
fruticosa . Ailes hen @lace
hirsuta. Kochia hirs.
hyssopifolia. Kochia
hyssopifolia.
maritima . 812
setigera . 312
Subularia lvu., 17
aquatica . 17
Succisa. Seabiosa.
Succowia . lviii., a
balearica .
Suffrenia . XV1., noe
filiformis ath 127
Swertia Sari, 246
carinthiaca. Lomatog.
carinthiacum.
perennis . . 246
Symphytum ... xxvil., 256
bulbosum . wee 200
macrolepis. bulbosum.
mediterraneum . . 256
officinale . . . 256
patens. officinale B . 256
tuberosum 256
Syrenia ... .lix., 27
angustifolia . Peay
Syvinga.. XVi., 244
vulgaris 2. 244
TAMARISCINED do dlzS
Tamarix xxxix., 128
africana . 128, 431
anglica . 431
gallica 128, 431
germanica . 128
Tamus . . lxxix., 363
communis . 363
Tanacetum . lxxi., 206
annuum . . 206
Audiberti . 206
Balsamita . 206
vulgare . 206
Taraxacum . lxvil., 193
alpestre . . 194
bulbosum. Mitheorhiza
bulbosa.

INDEX.

Page.
T. corniculatum : 198
Dens-Leonis. officinale.

erythrospermum . . 193
leevigatum . 193
minimum . . 194
obovatum . 193
officinale . . 198
palustre . 194
serotinum . 198
tenuifolium . . 198
Taxus . Ixxx., 343
baccata . 843
Teesdalia. . . . lvi., 15
Iberis. wudicaulis.
Lepidium. regularis.
nudicaulis aD)
petrea, RB. Hutchinsia
petreea.
regularis . . 15
Telekia. Buphthalmum.
Telephium xxxix., 130
Imperati é
TEREBINTHACEA . . TA
Tetragonolobus _. lxu., 96
biflorus bai OO
conjugatus . . . . 96
maritemus. siliquosus B 96
purpureus . . . . 96
siliquosus . 96
Teucrium. . ._ liv., 296
aureum. Polium B . 297
Botrys : . 297
campanulatum . . 297
capitatum. Polium'y . 297
Chameedrys . 5 CY
creticum . . 297
euganeum Sioa
Jflavescens. Polium.
flancans. Polium B . 297
flavum Bilhaeicu hs tice WAS),
fruticans . Peo
latifolium . 297
lucidum . 297
Marum , eo
massiliense . 296
montanum oti
Polium 3 . 297
Pseudo- -Chamepitys . 297
Pseudo-Hyssopus. Po-
lium
Pseudo- Scorodonia. . 296
pyrenaicum . . 297
scordioides . 297
Scordium 297
Scorodonia bo) 6 28)
siculum, GUSS. Scoro-
donia.

Page.
T. spinosum . 296
supinum., montanum B 297

valentinum, Guss. Po-
hun.

Thalictrum o lite dl
acutilobum, foetidum B 2
alpestre. foetidum ‘y 2
alpinum . 1
angustifolium 2
aquilegifolium ]
calabrum 2
capillare, RB. majus. j
elatum 2
exaltatum 2
flavum 2
flecuosum, RB. minus. |
fetidum . 2
galioides : 2
jacquimianum. minus ¥ 2
lucidum . 4
macrocarpum 428
majus . 2
minus uv. ‘ie
Morisonit, Re. “ angus-

tifolium,
nigricans, DUBY. an-
gustifolumB. . . 2
nigricans, RB. flavum.
nutans. romus.
odoratum,Gr. & G. fee-
tidum ?
pubescens. minusB . 2
rufinerve . Nae ne
saxatile, DuByY. syl-
vaticum.
saxatile, GR.& G. minus ?
simplex . . 2
spurtum, GR. & G! an-
gustifolium.
sylvaticum .. . . 2
tuberosum . . . . 2

Thapsia xxxvil., 154
foetida . 154
garganica . . 154
villosa . . 154

THAPSIPM xxxili. xxxvil., 154

Thelygonum. _ Ixxvii., 317
Cynocrambe . . 317

Thesium . Exx1, 322
alpinum . . . 823
divaricatum . . 828
ebracteatum . : 323
humifusum. linophyll.
humile armed:
intermedium . . 822
lmophyllum . . 823

. 822

montanum

T. pratense . 323
ramosum . 3828
rostratum 323
tenuifolium . . . . 323

Thlaspi lvi., 15
alllie@enim. 6 55 4 4) le
TUTE. “5 galery JB
SUM os sie LG
arvense . . 15

Bursa-pastoris. Capsella
Bursa-pastoris.

cepeifoium . . . =: 16
luteum, Guss. Bivonea
lutea.

MONTARUMe se 2 LS
petiotatumy yj =. . 15
DBECOR 5) p46, a 1g Tal
Miva MM ate Fee eG
rotundifolium . . . 16
Schrankii, . . 16

virens, GR. & G. alpin.’ >
virgatum, GR. & G. al-

liaceum ?
THLASPIDEE . lvi., 14
Thrincia . Ixvi., 177
hirta . 5 wae
hispida. oo, Jue
Leysseri, RB. hirta.
tuberosa . a eeu)
Thymelea. Daphne.
THYMELEE. . . 321
Thymus. (See also Cala-
mintha.) . li., 287
angustifolius . . 287
capitatus . . 288
cephalotus . 288
Chamedrys, RB. Ser-
pyllum.
creticus, DuBY. Micro-
meria marifolia.
glabratus. Serpyllum.
Herba-Barone . . . 287
humifusus, RB. pan-
nonicus.
lanugimosus, DuBY. Ser-
pyllum.
Marinosct. striatus.
montanus. Serpyll. 8 287
nitidus. Piperella.
pannonicus . 287
parviflorus. Mentha Re-
quieni.
Piperella . . 287
Serpyllum . 287
striatus . 288
vulgaris . 287
Zygis. striatus.

3s 2

INDEX. 499
: Page. Page.
3 | Thysselinum. Peucedanum. T. danceolatum. cerul. B 433

Tilia .xlix., 65 | Zrachynotia, Dusy. Spar-
corallina, RB. grandifol. tina.
corylifolia, RB. grandi- Tragopogon . Ixvi., 175

folia. angustifolius . LG
europea. . . . . 65] crocifolius . 176
grandifolia . . . . 65] Cupani . 176
intermedia, parvifol.8 65} eriospermus . . 176
latibracteata, RB. grandi- floccosus . . 176

folia. hirsutus . iG
microphylla. parvifolia. major . 7.6
mutabilis, RB. grandifol. UNDP 5 4 176
obliqua, Re. grandifolia. nebrodensis. crocifol. B 176
parvifolia. . . 65| orientalis . LG
platyphyllos. grandifol. porrifolius . 175
precox, RB. grandifol. pratensis . 5 og Jae
pyramidalis, Re. gran- undulatus, RB. orien-

difolia. talis.
yubra,GODRON. . 65 | TRAGOPOGONE . lxiv.,
tenuifolia, Rs. grandifol. Ixvi., 175
vitifolia, RB. grandifol. Tragus. Lappago.

TrmrAchay 3.6.) . 5 (65) Lrapa xxv., 126

Tillea 5 BOQ, Gil nataus . . 126
muscosa . wee) | ld) fribulus xly., 71

Tinea, Guss. Orchis. terrestris) ssie cn ne Wah

Tofieldia . . xiii, 373 | Trichomanes Ixxxii,, 426
borealis. palustris. brevisetum, vadicans.
calyculata ; 6 el mais Gg 6G 6 CRG
glacialis. calyculata. Trichonema. Romulea.
palustris . . . . 373 | Trientalis xlii., 299

Tolpis . ixv., 174] europea . 299
altissima . . . . 175 | TRIFOLIER . omse
barbataw se) se 40 erifoliamen lxii., 88
grandiflora » W74i|abbreyiatum'); =. 92
quadriaristata 5 S|) EET Sg Gg kl OL
sexaristata. altissimaB 175} alexandrinum . . . 90
umbellata . su4:)|) nalpestre Sesch flee So
virgata. altissima. alpinum nS

Tommasinia . xxxvi.,151/ angulatum . . . . 93
verticillaris . 151} angustifolium . . . 89

Tordylium xxxvi., 154) arachnoideum .. . 89
apulum , . 154] arvense . 5 Sl
maximum ., . 154] aureum, GR. &G. agra-
officinale . . 154 rium.

Torilis . Seog, Si} lachinm 5 5. 94
Anthriscus . 158} barbatum. pannonie. B 90
helvetica. infesta. IM Gig 68 6) OB
heterophylla . EUS Sif Occontign in aimee 0
infesta . 158) Bonanni, Guss. fragi-
neglecta . . 158 fern Biya) OI
nodosa Se432)|/e beutiioms een nemo
purpurea, Guss. infesta? cespitosam . . . . 92

Tormentilla. Potentilla. campestre, RB. agyar.

Tozzia . liv., 273 Cherleri’ eee
alpina . oo og YS | Gl 5 5 5 « 90

Trachelium . xxx, 24] Clusii . f - 430
ceeruleum 24 |) aclypeatunal yarn 0)

500

T. congestum 88
Cupani 91
dalmaticum . 91
diffusum . 89
elegans 93
expansum, RB. pratense.
fiiforme . ‘ 93
flavescens . 90
flavum 94.
fragiferum 91
glabellum 94
glomeratum . 92
hirtum . 89
hybridum . 93
incanum . 94.
incarnatum 89
intermedium . 89
isthmocarpum : 92
levigatum. strictum.
Lagopus . 89
lappaceum 88
latinum 91
leucanthum . 91
ligusticum 91
longestipulatum 90
Lupinaster } 93
macropodum, GUSS. an-

gulatum.
maritimum 89
medium . 90
michelianum 93
micranthum, Kocu. fili-
forme.
microphyllum. pra-
tense B 56) SY)
minus . 93
minutum . BN hic ae 4
Moliniert. incarnat.B 89
montanum 92
multistriatum 92
mutabile . 92
nervosum 94
nigrescens 93
noricum . o SO
obscurum 4) Ol
ochroleucum 90
pallescens 92
pallidum . 90
pannonicum . 90
panormitanum 94
paristense. patens.
parviflorum . 92
patens é 93
Perreymondit, GR.& G.
parviflorum ?
phleoides . eo
pictum, RB, hirtum.

INDEX.
Page.
Sprabense ene 90
procumbens . 93
purpureum 89
repens 93
resupinatum . 92
rubens 89
rupestre . Setige Baha
sativum, RB. pratense.
savianum 93
saxatile 90
scabrum . 91
Sebastiani 94
spadiceum 94
speciosum 93
spumosum — . 92
squarrosum . 90
stellatum . 89
striatum . 90
strictum . 92
suaveolens. resupinatum,
subterraneum 91
suffocatum 91
supinum . 91
tenuiflorum . 91
tenuifolium . .. . 94
Thalu, Gr. & G. ces-
pitosum.
thymiflorum, GR. & G.
saxatile.
tomentosum . 91
uniflorum 93
vesiculosum . 92
villosum . 89
Xatardii . Aureos)
Triglochin xi., 345
Barrelieri . 346
laxiflorum 346
maritimum 346
palustre . 345
Trigonella lxu., 86
cornicuata 87
Foeenum-greecum 86
gladiata 86
hybrida 87
monspeliaca . 87
ornithopodioides 87
polycerata Bn 87
prostrata. gladiata.
uncinata. Melilotus. unc.
Trinia xxxiv., 147
Dalechampu. vualg. B 147
glaberrima. vulgaris.
glauca. vulgaris.
Kitaibelii 5 oly
pumila, vulgaris.
vulgaris. Bah Ge io eae
Triodia. Danthonia.

Page.
Tripleurospermum. Pyreth.

Trisetum . . xxui., 404
argenteum . 404
Cavanillesi . . 404
condensatum . 404
distichophyllum . 404
flavescens . 404
gracile . 404
myrianthum . . 404
neglectum . 404
parviflorum . - 404
subspicatum . . 404
tenue . . 404
villosum . . . 404

Triticum . xix., 418
acutum : . 418
estiwum. vulgarea . 418
biflorum . . 419

cespitosum. Brachypo-
dium ramosum.

CHa 4 4 5 o o 4ill§)

ciliatum. Brachypo-
dium distachyon.

compositum. turgid. B 418

cristatum . 419

dicoccum . oo Allis)

divaricatum. Sclerochl.
divaricata.

durum Meinl ce chee le)

elongatum. rigidum.

Sestucoides. Brachyp.
festucoides.

glaucum . ent CANS

hispamcum. Brachyp.
tenellum.

hybernum. vulgare B 418

junceum . Se ANS

higusticum . 433

loliaceum. Scleroch. lol.
maritimum. Sclerochloa

maritima.
monococcum 418
Nardus. Brachypodium
teuellum.
obtusiflorum . . 418
panormitanum . . 419

phencoides. Brachypod.
pheenicoides.
pinnatum. Brach. pinn.

Poa. Brachyp. tenell.

polonicum . 418
pungens . . 418
repens . 419
rigidum 419

Rothoella, DUBY. Sele!
saeltilan loliacea.
satwum, vulgare.

INDEX.

Page. Page.
T. scirpeum . . 419} U.occidentalis . . . . 345
Spelta . 418 | Ulex . lxi., 75
strictum . . 418} — europzeus bn AS
sylvaticum. Brach. sylv. nanus . 75
tenellum. Brach. tenell. provincialis . 75
tenuiculum. Br.tenell.B 417 GHGWY oop 6 o 5
tuberculosum. Brach. tub. Ulimus . SXECXA 5 381
turgidum . 418] campestris . ddl
unilaterale, Brach. “unil. ciliata. effusa.
untolordes. Brach. uniol. effusa . . 331
villosum. Secale villos. glabra. . 831
vulgare . 418] major. . 331
Trixago lv., 270 montana . . ddl
apula . . . . 270} suberosa . . ddl
latifolia. Eufragia latif. UMBELLAT& . . 141
viscosa. Odoutites vise. Umbilicus . xivi., 131
Trochiscanthes xxxyv., 150 horizontalis . 5. ei
nodiflorus . 150] pendulinus . 131
Trollius l., 8 sedoides . 5 6 dle
europeus . . §8|Urospermum Ixvi., 175
Tulipa . xli., 363 asperum. picroides B 175
apula . . 364} Dalechampi . . 175
celsianayergnen fp] a 1204)! “picroides| . 1%
clusiana . 364|Urtica . . .lxxvi., 330
Didieri 364] dbalearica. pilulif. B . 331
gesneriana 363} dioica. . se 9 BaD
maleolens. . 364] Dodarti . . 330
Oculus-Solis . 364| hispida . 330
preecox . 363] membranacea . 330
scabriscapa 364| neglecta . . 330
serotina 364} pilulifera . . 380
spatulata . . . 364] rupestris . . 330
strangulata. scabrise. sicula . . 330
sylvestris . : 364 urens . 5 Beil)
Tunica. Gypsophila. URTICEE 6 6 oun!)
Turgenia. Caucalis. Utricularia Xvi., 298
Turritis lx., 30} Bremii . 298
glabra . 30| intermedia . 298
Tussilago . ise, 212] minor. . 298
alba. Petasites albus. neglecta . . 298
alpina. Womogyne alp. vulgaris . . 298
Parfara 212
Sragrans. Nardosmia frag. VACCINIES . . 241
nivea. Petasites niveus. Vaccinium _ xliii., 241
Petasites. Petasites vulg. intermedium . 241
Typha lIxxv., 379} Myrtillus. . 241
angustifolia. . 379} Ozycoccus. Oxyc.palustr.
glauca . . 3879) uliginssum . . . . 241
latifolia . 3879| Vitis-Ideea . 241
media, DUBY. minima. Vaillantia. Valantia.
minima . 379 | Valantia . xxv., 167
minor. voinima. hispida si 10, OY
Shuttleworthi . 379| muralis . 167
TYPHACEE . . 379 | Valeriana . . xvii, 169
Tyrimnus. Carduus. angustifolia. offic. B. 170
Caleitrapa. Centran-
Udora Ixxix., 545) thus Calcitrapa.

501
Page.
V. celtica . 169
dioica . Ally)
elongata . . L69
exaltata . 170
globulariifolia . 170
montana . . 169
officinalis . a Wd)
Phu uO
pyrenaica LAG,
rubra. Centranth. ruber.
saliunca . 169
sambucifolia . . 170
saxatilis . . 169
supina 5g oo) a LIGY
trinervis. Centranth. trin.
tripteris . . 170
tuberosa . . 170
VALERIANEZ . 2 168
Valerianella. ¥edia.
Vallisneria lxxviii., 845
spiralis 2 845
Velezia. xlvi., 53
rigida . peat Ue iG)
Vella. Carrichtera.
VELLES. . lvi., Ivii., 21
Veratrum . xhii., 373
album . ; 313
lobelianum. plGune Brwoiie
nigrum . 373
VERBASCEX 3 6 ats)
Verbascum . Xxix., 259
adulterinum. Thapsi-
Sormi-nigrum . 261
Alopecurus, DUBY. ni-
grum.
ambiguum. . Thapso-
nigrum.
angustifolium . 260
argyrostachyon, BERT.
viminale.
australe. phlomoides.
austriacum, RB. Chaixi.
bicolor . 260
Bertolonii . 259
Blattaria . Bg PAR
blattariowdes. Lychni-
tidi- Blattaria.
Boerhayii oO
candidissimum. mucro-
natum ?
Chaixi 261

collinum. Thapso- nigr. 261

condensatum. phlo-
moides.

conocarpum. -. . . 260

crassifolium, DuBY.

montanum.

502

V. cuspidatum, RB. thapsif.

densiflorum . . . . 260
floccosum. vpulverul.
garganicum. simplex.
Gussonii . . 261

lanatum, RB. Chaixi.
leptostachyum. simplex.

longifolium . . 260
Lychutidi-Blattaria . 261
Lychuitidi-floccosum . 261
Lychuitis . . 261
macrurum, TEN. thapsif.
majale. Boerhavii?
mixtum. nigro-floccos.
montanum . . . . 259
mucronatum . 260
nemorosum. phlomoides.
nigro-floccosum. . . 261
nigro-Lychnitis . . 261
nigro-phaniceum . 261
nigrum . 261
niveum eG
nothum. thapsif.-floce. 261
ortentale. Chaixi.
phlomoides . . 259
pheniceum . . 261
plantagineum, Burr.
montanum.
Pseudo-Blattaria. Lych-
nitidi-Blattaria. . 261
pulverulentum . . 261
ramigerum. thapsi-
form-Lychuitis . . 261
repandum . . 260
rotundifolium, TEN.
Boerhavyii.
rubuginosum. nigro-
pheniceum . 261
schiedianum. nigro-
Lychnitis . . 261
schottianum. nigro-
floccosum . 2 ly 26M
Schraderz. ee
simplex . 260
sinuatum . . 260
speciosum. . 260
Sspurium. thaps. -Lych. 261
thapsiforme . . . 259
thapsiformi-floccosum . 261
thapsiformi-Lychnitis. 261
thapsiformi-nigrum . 261
Thapso-Lychnitis . 261
Thapso-nigrum . . 261
Thapso-phaeniceum. . 261
Thapsus . bois 3 Ze)
versiflorum. Thapso-
phenicevan . 261
viminale . . 260

INDEX.

ge. Page.
V. virgatum . . . 260
Verbena liv., 282
officinalis . . 282
supina . 282
VERBENACES . bg CY
Veronica . xvi., 267
acinifolia . . 269
agrestis . 269
Allionii . 268
alpina . . 268
Anagallis . . 268
anagalloides . . 268
aphylla 5 6 6. 4 GS
arguta, Rs. longifolia.
arvensis . 269
austriaca . . 268
Beccabunga . . 268
bellidioides . 269
Buxbaumii . . 269
Chamedrys . . . 268
crenulata, Ra. ‘spicata.
Cymbalaria . . 269
didyma . 269
digitata . 269
dubia. . . . 268
elegans. paniculata y 267
fliformis. Buxbaumii.
fruticulosa . 268
hederifolia A Ac)°)
hybrida, spicataB . 268
latifolia, Teucrium.
longifolia 6 0 Or
maritima, RB. longifolia.
media, RB. longifolia.
montana . 268
nummularia . 268
officinalis . 268
OPacaeaneiul sae O9
orchidea, RB. spicata.
paniculata : . 267
panormitana. Cymbal.
peregrina . og COM)
polita. didyma.
Pone . 269
preecox 269
prostrata . 268
pusilla : 268
pyrenaica, RB. Allionii.
repeus . 269
saxatilis . 268
scutellata . 268
serpyllifolia . 269
spicata 6 a 6 OR
spuria. paniculata.
squamosa, RB. spicata.
Teucrium . 3g 6 elds)
ticinensis. panicul. 8B. 267
triphyllos . . . 269

Page.
V. urticifolia . 268
verna . . 269
Vesicaria . lvyi., 18
sinuata SS
utriculata . 18
Viburnum . XXXIX., 162
Lantana . . 162
Opulus . 162
Tinus . pete a
Vicia . Ixn., 102
altissima . . 103 _
ambigua . . 108
amphicarpa . . 105
angustifolia . . 105
argentea . . 104
atropurpurea . . 104
Biebersteinii, Guss.
grandiflora.
biennis . 108
bithynica . . 104
Bivone . , . 104
Bobartiu. angustifolia B 105
candolliana. Cracca.
cassubica . . 108
cordata . 105
corsica . 430
cosentina, TEN. . . 103
Cosentini, Guss. . 105
Cracca . 1038
cuneata . 105
dasycarpa . 104
disperma . . 104
dumetorum . . 108
* elegans . 103
Faba . 106
Gerardi . 103
glauca Bin) oo AOA
gracilis. Ervum grace.
grandiflora . 105
heterophylla . . 105
hirsuta. Ervum hirs.
hirta . 106
hybrida . 105
levigata . . 106
lathyroides . 105

Lens, Coss. Ervum Lens.

leucantha, Guss. Er-
vum tetraspermum ?

lutea . 106
maculata . ae Od
monantha. Krv. monan.

narbonensis . . 106
ochroleuca . 103
onobrychoides . 104
oroboides . . 105
Orobus. Orobus spvat

pannonica . 104
peregrina . . 105

Page.

V. perennis . . 104
pimpinelloides . 105
pisiformis . 103
polysperma 6 . 108
Pseudo-Cracca . . 104
pyrenaica . . 106
sativa. 105
segetalis, RB. ‘angustifol.
sepium . 106
serratifolia. narbonen-

sis B . 106
sicula. Orobus atropurp.
sordida. grandiflora.
spuria . Merny: LOD
striata . . 104
sylvatica . . 108
syrtica . 104
tenuifolia . . 108
tetraspermum. Kirv. tetr.
tricolor . 106
triflora . 104
uncinata, RB. pannon.
villosa . . 104

VICIEA . 75, 102

Vilfa xxi., 400
pungens . . 400

Villarsia Xxvili., 246
nympheeoides . 246

Vinca . Xxix., 245
acutiflora . . 245
herbacea . . 245
major . . 245
minor . . 245

Vincetoxieum, Coss. Cy-

nanchum.

Viola xxx., 39
alba. 39
Allionii 40
alpina 4].
ambigua . 39
arborescens . 40
arenaria . Agate 40
arvensis. tricolor 8 4)
bannatica. tricolory 41
Bertolonii, Gr. &G. he-

terophylla.
biflora 40
calcarata . 41
campestris, RB. aubigua
canina 40
cenisia 40
collina 39
comollia . 40
cornuta 4]
elatior 40
epipsila 39
flavicornis, SM. canina.
gracilis. heterophylla.

INDEX.

503
Page. Page.
V. heterophylla . . . 411 W. tenuifolia oo IE
hirta . . . 989, 429 | Willemetia Ixvi., 194
hirto-alba. See hirta. apargioides . . 194
insularis, GR. & G. syl- Woodsia . . lxxxi., 424
vatica. hyperborea . 424
lactea . 40| ilvensis . 424
lancifolia, Busser. Woodwardia — Ixxxii., 425
stricta. radicans . . 425
lancifolia, THoR®. lact. Wulfenia xvi., 267
lutea . aM 3 Al carinthiaca . 267
mirabilis . Sees 40)
montana, BERT. stag- Xanthium . lxxvi., 236
nina. italicum, RB. macroc.
nummulariifolia 40 | macrocarpum . 236
odorata 39| spinosum . 236
palustris . : 39| Strumarium . . . 236
parvula. tricolor. Aatardia, Gr. & G, Angelica.
persicifolia, stagnina. XERANTHEMEA . Ixxii.,
pinnata : 39 Ixxiv., 235
pratensis . 40 | Xeranthemum _Ixxiv., 235
prostrata . 41) annuum . » |. (200
pumila, pratensis. cylindricum . . 235
pyrenaica, DuBY. odo- inapertum » 235
rata ?
riviniana. sylvatica B 40| Zacyntha . . lxvii., 189
rothomagensis 41 | verrucosa . Bove ey
rupestris, RB. arenaria. Zahlbrucknera . xlvi., 141
Rupp. canina. paradoxa . ain nL
saxatilis. tricolor B . 41) Zannichellia . . Ixxv., 348
Schultzii . 40,| gibberosa, Rp. pedicel.
sciaphila . 39| major, RB. palustris.
stagnina . 40} palustris . . 848
stricta 40 | pedicellata . 848
suavis 39| pedunculata, RB. pedicell.
sudetica, Dusy. lutea. polycarpa . . 848
sylvatica . . 40| repens, RB. palustris.
sylvestris. sylvatica. Zapania . liv., 282
tricolor . . . . . All xodiflora. repens.
uliginosa . 39 repens » 282
valderia, RB. cenisia. Zea Mays . 898
Zoysi. calearata B 4] | Zizyphora . XV1., 286
VIOLARIED . . 39| capitata . 286
Viseum ibedke, 162 tenuior . 286
album . . . 162) Zizyphus . aXGKCKoe [fe
Oxycedri 162 Lotus . li
Vitaliana. Gregoria. vulgaris Beat)
Vitex liv., 282 | Zollikoferia Ixvii., 188
Agnus-castus 282 | chondrilloides . 188
Vitis . . Xxx., 68 | Zostera Xv., 849
laciniosa. vinifera. marina it MES BAG
vinifera) 5) * . 68| mediterranea. Phuca-
Vulneraria, GUSS. Anthyllis. grostis major.
Vulpia. Festuca. nana 349
nodosa . . d49
Wahlenbergia . xxx., 240] wninervis, RB. nana.
hederacea . 241 | ZYGOPHYLLES . 71
nutabunda . 240 | Zygophyllum | xlv., 72
'Wallrothia a xxxve, 150 Fabago (2

ERRATA.

PL DPLDLI IL

GENERA.
Page xxiv., ©. FV. of | pet.,&c. Atendof line
add Rupiacem®. STELLAT# of Linn.
xxvil., for Borrago, read Borago.
Ixxil., for Centaurea, read Centauriee.

39

22

SPECIES.

Page 10, for Peoniacee, read Peoniee.

12, col. 1, line 6 from bottom, for officz-
nalis, read officinale.

20, heading, for 53, read 54.

21, col. 1, for Pettaria, read Peltaria.

21, col. 2, for Nuweumentacee, read Nu-
camentacee.

22, heading, for 64. CALEPINA, read 65.
Bunias.

23, col. 2, dele character of Brassica
imsularis, and insert from p. 428.

38, col. 1, for swrrejanus, read surreja-
NUM.

44, line 8, for 118, read 114.

44, line 9, for 114-126, read 115-127.

44, line 10, for 127, read 128.

50, col. 1, for fructicosa, read fruticosa.

81, col. 1, Sect. B. L. ternate, except
im O. oligophylla, belongs to the cha-
racter of the section, and not to that of
the subdivision i.

95, col. 2, at end of Lotus hispidus,
dele ‘ Includes L. parviflorus.’

101, col. 1, for Astrolobium, read <Ar-
throlobium.

107, col. 2, for enszfolia, read ensifolius.

110, col. 2, the note after Orobus syl-
vaticus should follow Tribe V. PHa-
SEOLED.

» 11, col. 2, for Cocumiha, read Coco-

milia.

Page 60, col. 1, before Malabacla, insert
Tribe XIV. SmyRNEa.

160, col. 2, for Ayomarathron, read
Aigomarathrum.

175, col. 1, for Hypocheridee and By-
pocheris, read Hypocheridee and Hy-
pocheris.

202, col. 2, line 1, for cristata, read
crustata.

» 219, after Serratula nudicaulis, add—

S. cichoracea. Stem nearly simple, 1—2-
flowered. LL. rough, Aairless, obovato-oblong,
dentate, incise at the base. Phyll. oblong,
terminating in a long, slender, spreading or
recurved, spine-like cusp. p.6. Tusc. Civ.
Vecchia. Salerno. Perhaps rather a Carduus.

Page 225, col. 2, for ochroleucus, read ochro-

23

29

2?

leucum.
» 226, col. 1, for heterophyllus, read
heterophyllum.

240, col. 1, omit Campanula Alpini,
which is Adenophora suaveolens.

250, col. 2, for Ipomma, read [poma@a.

252, col. 1, line 7 from bottom, for xe-
brodensis, read nebrodense.

254, col. 1, for arvensis, read arvense.

257, col. 2, for Borrago, read Borago.

269, col. 2, for Rhinanthacea, read Rhe-
nanthee.

271, col. 1, for Ruywncocoris, read
RHYNCHOCORYS.

313, col. 1, omit Chenopodium setige-
rum, which is Sueda setigera.

328, col. 1, for tomasiniana, read tom-
MASURLANG.

380, col. 2, line 10, after dadius, insert
Guss.

407, col. 1, le 1, for Sclerocloa, read
Sclerochloa.

5, Wenninrra Strezt, Covent Garpun,
Lonpon, November last, 1855.

MR. REEVE’S

its On wep GC AT TONS

Sir Edward Belcher, C.B.

The Last of the Arctic Voyages,
During the Years 1852-4, in H.M.S. Assistance, under the command
of Captain Sir E. Belcher, C.B., F.R.G.S. ; with Notes on the Natural
History, by Sir J. Richardson, Professor Owen, Thomas Bell, J. W.
Salter, and Lovell Reeve. With numerous coloured plates, charts, and

wood-engrayings.

Royal® 8vo, 2 vols., prices! 36s. [ Ready.
2.
Adam White, F.L.S.

Popular History of Birds,

With 20 coloured plates. By Apam Wuits, F.L.S.
Royal 16mo, price 10s. 6d. | Ready.

Taw

Sa aS,

2
ov.

Dr. Daubeny, F.R.S.

eles Geography of Plants ;
Or, a Botanical Excursion round the World. By E.M.C_ Edited
by Cuartes Daupeny, M.D., F.R.S., Professor of Botany in the
University of Oxford. With 20 tinted landscapes in chromo-litho-

graphy.
ear 16mo, ee 10s. 6d. | Ready.

PPP PAIL LPL EL EDP PPL DLA IA

we
Dr. Seemann, F'.L.5.

Popular History of the Palms.

With 20 tinted landscapes in chromo-lithography. By Dr. BerTHOoLD

SEEMANN, F.L.S.
Royal 16mo, price 10s. 6d. | Just ready.

2 MR. REEVE’S LIST OF PUBLICATIONS.

PDI DP IDI IPP DIPLOPIA

5.
T. C. Archer.

A Series of tight School Plant Diagrams,

Illustrative of ‘ First Steps to Economic Botany,’ by T. C. ArncHER,
Esq. Published for the Department of Science and Art, Marlborough
House.

Price 3s. 6d. coloured, 2s. plain, per Diagram.

IIOP

6.
T. C. Archer.

Furst Steps to Leonomice Botany ;
A Description of the Botanical and Commercial Characters of the
Chief Articles of Vegetable Origin used for Food, Clothing, Tanning,
Dyeing, Building, Medicine, Perfumery, etc. For the use of Schools.
By Tuomas C. AncHer. With 20 plates. Published for the Depart-
ment of Science and Art, Marlborough House.

Royal 16mo, price 2s. 6d.

«An admirable and cheap little volume, abounding in good illustrations of the plants
that afford articles of food or applicable to purposes of manufacture. This should be on
the table of every family, and its contents familiar with all rising minds.” ATLAS.

«‘ As a cheap school book it is exceedingly well got up, and contains upwards of one
hundred beautifully tithographed drawings, arranged on twenty plates ; they represent
various useful plants and their products.” GUARDIAN,

RII

lord

é

T. C. Archer.
Popular Economie Botany;

Or, Description of the Botanical and Commercial Characters of the
principal Articles of Vegetable Origin used for Food, Clothing,
Tanning, Dyeing, Building, Medicine, Perfumery, ete. By THomas
C. Arcurr. With 20 coloured plates.

Royal 16mo, price 10s. 6d.

“‘Mr. Archer’s volume, we are surprised to find, is the first popular book that has
been devoted exclusively to the commercial products of the Vegetable Kingdom—of
that which constitutes nine-twelfths of the whole commerce in raw produce.”

EXAMINER.

w

MR. REEVE’S LIST OF PUBLICATIONS.

PAR ARAAARRAARPAR PASS ARAL PLLDLAASS

Miss Catlow.

Popular Garden Botany ;

Containing a Familiar and Technical Description of Hardy and
Frame Plants, suitable for cultivation in the Garden. By AcnzEs
Cattow. With 20 coloured plates by W. Fitch.

Royal 16mo, price 10s. 6d. | Ready.

g.
Thomas Moore, F.L.S.

Popular History of British Kerns

and the Allied Plants ; comprising the Club Mosses, Pepperworts, and
Horsetails. By Tuomas Moors, F.L.S., Curator of the Botanic
Garden, Chelsea. Second Edition. With 22 coloured plates by Fitch.

Royal 16mo, price 10s. 6d. | Ready.

10.

Miss Catlow.

Popular Field Botany ;

Containing a familiar and technical Description of the Plants most
common to the British Isles, adapted to the study of either the Artificial
or Natural System. By Acnres Cattow. Zhird Edition. In twelve
chapters, each being the botanical lesson for the month. With 20
coloured plates.

Royal 16mo, price 10s. 6d.
a2

t MR, REEVE’S LIST OF PUBLICATIONS.

LPI LOO

1210
Sir W. J. Hooker, F.L.S.

Curtis's Botanical Magazine ;

Comprising the Plants of the Royal Gardens of Kew, and of other
Botanical Establishments in Great Britain, with suitable Descriptions.
By Sir W. J. Hooxer, F.L.8., Director of the Royal Gardens of Kew.
In Numbers, each containing 6 coloured plates.
Royal 8vo. Published Monthly. Price 3s. 6d.
Vols. I. to XI., price 42s. each.

LDIIP_P__L_PL_LPPLLPPOPPP_PI_PPL_LPLPL_P_PIPIOPPOOOws>

12.
Sir W. J. Hooker, F.R.S.
Journal of Botany and Kew Miscellany ;

Containing Original Papers by eminent Botanists, the Botanical News
of the Month, Communications from Botanical Travellers, Notices of
New Books, ete. Edited by Sir W. J. Hooxer, F.R.S. With plates.

In Monthly Numbers, 8vo, price 2s.

ney
Sir W. J. Hooker, F.R.S.
Lcones Plantarum ;

Or, Figures, with brief descriptive Characters and Remarks, of new.
and rare Plants, selected from the Author’s Herbarium. By Sir W.
J. Hooker, F.R.S. New Series, Vol. V., with 100 plates.

8yve, price 31s. 6d.

MR. REEVE’S LIST OF PUBLICATIONS.

St

14.

Notes and Notions on Created Things.

First and Second Series. By the Author of ‘H'pisodes of Insect Life.’
With numerous wood-engravings.

12mo, price 5s. each Series.

““ We cannot imagine a book that would take a deeper hold of the imagination.”
ATHEN ZUM.

15.
Dr. Hooker, F.R.S.
The Khododendrons of Sikkim-Himalaya ;

Being an Account of the Rhododendrons recently discovered in the
Mountains of Eastern Himalaya. By J. D. Hooker, M.D., F.R.S.
With 30 plates by W. Fitch.

Imperial folio, price £3. 16s.

PID LIPILP_PPPPLPPPLPLOEPILIPLLLPPLLUIOOPsn—

16.
Dr. Hooker, F.R.S.

Litustrations of Stkkim-Himalayan Plants,

Chiefly selected from Drawings made in Sikkim under the superin-
tendence of the late J. F. Cathcart, Esq., Bengal Civil Service. The
Botanical Descriptions and Analyses by J. D. Hooker, M.D., F.R.S.
With 24 coloured plates by Fitch, and an illuminated title-page.

Folio, price £5. 5s.

6 MR. REEVE’S LIST OF PUBLICATIONS.

Wve
Professor Edward Forbes, F.R.S.

Interary Papers on Scientific Subjects.

By the late Professor Epwarp Forpes, F.R.S. Selected from his
Writings in the ‘ Literary Gazette.’ With a Portrait and Memoir.
Small 8vo, price 6s.

“This reprint of reviews forms a charming book of miscellaneous essays. The criti-
cism is genial, sensible, comprehensive, and compact. It is not common to find eminent
scientific men graceful, easy, and piquant littératewrs; but whenever such a union of
claims to public favour is manifested, it should meet with honour due. But, besides
being a scientific professor, a critic, and littératewr, the late Edward Forbes was before
all things a man—genial, sympathetic, brave, and true—a thorough good fellow, as
good a fellow as he was a naturalist. The reader cannot do better than possess himself
of this amusing and instructive volume, if he have a liking for science without solem-
nity, criticism without ill-nature, and with knowledge of the subject; pleasant talk
with a definite result, and a sense of the comic without the vulgar error of turning
all things to a jest.” GLOBE.

POLI IIIa

18.
Sir W. J. Hooker, F.R.S.
The Victoria Regia.
By Sir W. J. Hooker, F.R.S. With four coloured plates by Fitch.

Elephant folio, price 21s.

LIOOIOD_OIOIPI_OIOIODOIIPOPI_PPOPPS PP

19.
Dr. Badham.

The Lisculent Hunguses of England;

Containing an Account of their Classical History, Uses, Characters,
Development, Structure, Nutritious Properties, Modes of Cooking,
ete. By the Rey. Dr. BapHam. With 20 coloured plates.

Super-royal 8vo, price 21s.

MR. REEVE’S LIST OF PUBLICATIONS. 71

20.
Dr. Landsborough, A.1.S.

Popular History of British Seaweeds ;

Comprising their Structure, Fructification, Specific Characters, Ar-
rangement, and General Distribution, with Notices of some of the
Fresh-water Algz. By the Rey. D. Lanpsporoveu, A.L.S. Second
Edition. With 20 coloured plates by Fitch.

Royal 16mo, price 10s. 6d.

“The book is as well executed as it is well timed. The descriptions are scientific as
well as popular, and the plates are clear and explicit. It is a worthy sea-side com-
panion—a handbook for every resident on the sea-shore.” Koonomist.

I@OOLIOPIIem

21.
Professor Harvey, MLR.LA.

Phycologia Britannica ;

Or, History of the British Seaweeds ; containing coloured Figures and
Descriptions of all the Species of Algee inhabiting the Shores of the
British Islands. By Wint1am Henry Harvey, M.D., M.R.LA.,
Keeper of the Herbarium of the University of Dublin, and Professor
of Botany to the Dublin Society. With 360 plates.
Tn three vols. royal 8vo, arranged in the order £719 6
of publication

In four vols. royal 8vo, nieraineed systematically £7 17 6
according to the Synopsis RO ra

A few Copies have been printed on large paper.

“The drawings are beautifully executed by the author himself on stone, the dissec-
tions carefully prepared, and the whole account of the species drawn up in such a way
as cannot fail to be instructive, even to those who are well acquainted with the subject.
The greater part of our more common Alge have never been illustrated in a manner
agreeable to the present state of Algology.” GARDENERS’ CHRONICLE.

8 MR. REEVE’S LIST OF PUBLICATIONS.

RII III IPI IIIS

22.
Professor Harvey, M.R.I.A.

Nereis Australis ;
Or, Illustrations of the Algz of the Southern Ocean. Being Figures
and Descriptions of Marine Plants collected on the Shores of the Cape
of Good Hope, the extra-tropical Australian Colonies, Tasmania, New
Zealand, and the Antarctic Regions. By Professor Harvey, M.D.,
M.R.ILA. Two Parts, each containing 25 coloured plates.
Imperial 8vo, price £1. 1s.

A NN AN ND NN NW Nt el a od

23.
J. Sanders.
Treatise on the Culture of the Vine,

As well under Glass as in the Open Air. By J. SanpErs. With

9 plates.
8vo, price 5s.

‘““We have examined, with no common interest, the work before us; for it will be
strange indeed if a man who can act so skilfully as Mr. Sanders should be unable to ~
offer advice of a corresponding value. We have not been disappointed. Mr. Sanders’s
directions are as plain as words can make them, and, we will add, as judicious as his
long experience had led us to expect.” GARDENERS’ CHRONICLE.

24.
Dr. Seemann, F.L.S.

Botany of the Voyage of H.M.S. Herald,

Under the command of Captain Kellett, R.N., C.B., during the years
1845-51. By Dr. BerrHoip Seemann, F.L.S. Published under the
authority of the Lords Commissioners of the Admiralty. “In Parts,
each with 10 plates.

Royal 4to, price 10s. each Part.

MR. REEVE’S LIST OF PUBLICATIONS. 9

25.
Dr. Hooker, F.R.S.
Hora of New Zealand.

By JosrpH Darron Hooxer, M.D., F.R.S., ete. In 2 volumes
With 130 Plates.
Royal 4to, price £12. 12s. coloured, £8. 15s. plain.

“The work is written in good plain English, with a view to the conveniency of colo-
nists, but without on that account being rendered in the smallest degree unscientific ;
quite the contrary. Let us add, that the beautiful execution of the work renders it

a library-book, even for those who are not interested about natural history.”
GARDENERS’ CHRONICLE.

LDIDIIOOPOPP PPD I

26.
Dr. Hooker, F.R.S.

Hlora Antarctica;
Or, Botany of the Antarctic Voyage of H.M. Discovery Ships Erebus
and Terror, in the years 1839-43, under the command of Captain Sir
J. C. Ross, F.R.S. By Dr. Hooxer, F.R.S. Published under the au-

thority of the Lords Commissioners of the Admiralty. With 200 plates.

2 vols. royal 4to, price £10. 15s. coloured, £7. 10s. plain.
‘The descriptions of the plants in this work are carefully drawn up, and much inter-
esting matter, critical, explanatory, and historical, is added in the form of notes. The
drawings of the plants are admirably executed by Mr. Fitch ; and we know of no pro-

ductions from his pencil, or, in fact, any botanical illustrations at all, that are superior
in faithful representation and botanical correctness.” ATHENZUM.

27.
Dr. Hooker, F.R.S.

] ° : 8
Cryptogamia Antarctica ;
Or, Cryptogamic Botany of the Antarctic Voyage of H.M. Ships
Erebus and Terror. Issued separately. With 72 plates.

Royal 4to, price £4. 4s. coloured, £2. 17s. plain.
b

10 MR. REEVE’S LIST “OF PUBLICATIONS.

28.
R. M. Stark.

A Popular History of British Mosses,

Comprising a General Account of their Structure, Fructification, Ar-

rangement, and General Distribution. By R.M. Starx, Esq. With

20 coloured plates. [Just published.
Royal 16mo, price 10s. 6d.

“Mr. Stark has given as full and: instructive an account of our wild Mosses as can well
be desired. It is founded avowedly upon the long labours of Sir William Hooker in the
same direction, and this alone guarantees the soundness of the author’s systematic views.
All the genera and species of ‘ Moss,’ as that term is understood by botanists, are clearly
but succinctly described in the English language ; and to aid the learner in under-
standing the subject, we find twenty coloured plates admirably executed by Mr. Fitch.
When we add that the work has a good index, the reader will require no further assu-
rance that it deserves to be strongly recommended.” GARDENERS’ CHRONICLE.

_ “Popular British Mosses’ is the best book we have seen upon the subject. The
plates are exquisite, and do justice to the grace and delicacy of the originals.”

GUARDIAN.

29.
Miss Roberts.

Vowces from the Woodlands }

Descriptive of Forest Trees, Ferns, Mosses, and Lichens. By Mary
Rogerts. With 20 coloured plates by Fitch.
“Royal 16mo, price 10s. 6d.

“The fair authoress of this pretty volume has shown more than the usual good
taste of her sex in the selection of her mode of conveying to the young interesting in-
struction upon pleasing topics. She bids them join in a ramble through the sylvan
wilds ; and at her command the fragile lichen, the gnarled oak, the towering beech, the

graceful chestnut, and the waving poplar, discourse eloquently, and tell their respective
histories and uses.” _ BRITANNIA.

ELD LDDPLIP LLLP DSL LPP LSP LL SPE PPP PIPPI

30.
Joseph Woods, F.L.S.
The Tourists Flora;

A Descriptive Catalogue of the Flowering Plants and Ferns of the

British Islands, France, Germany, Switzerland, and Italy. By Jospru
Woops, F.L.8. With a plate.

8vo, price 18s.

MR. REEVE’S LIST OF PUBLICATIONS. 11

dl.
Mrs. Hussey.

Llustrations of British Mycology ;

Or, Figures and Descriptions of the Funguses of interest and novelty
indigenous to Britain. By Mrs. Hussey.

Royal 4to. First Series, 90 coloured plates, price £7. 12s. 6d. ;
Second Series, 48 plates, price £4. 2s. 6d.

“This is an elegant and interesting book: it would be an ornament to the drawing-
room table ; but it must not, therefore, be supposed that the value of the work is not
intrinsic, for a great deal of new and valuable matter accompanies the plates, which are
not fancy sketches, but so individualized and life-like, that to mistake any species seems
impossible. The accessories of each are significant of site, soil, and season of growth,
so that the botanist may study with advantage what the artist may inspect with admi-
ration.” Morwnine Post.

Sir W. J. Hooker, F.R.S.
A Century of Orchidaceous Plants.

The Plates selected from Curtis’s Botanical Magazine. The Descrip-
tions re-written by Sir W. J. Hooxer, F.R.S8., Director of the Royal
Gardens of Kew; with Introduction, and Instructions for their Cul-
ture, by JoHN CHAriEs Lyons. 100 coloured plates.

Royal 4to, price £5. 5s.

““In the exquisite illustrations to this splendid volume, full justice has been rendered
to the oddly formed and often brilliantly coloured flowers of this curious and interesting
tribe of plants.” WESTMINSTER AND FOREIGN QUARTERLY REVIEW.

12 MR. REEVE’S. LIST OF PUBLICATIONS.

33.
Henry Sowerby.
Popular Mineralogy ;

Comprising a familiar Account of Minerals and their Uses. By Henry
SowrerBy. With 20 coloured plates.

Royal 16mo, price 10s. 6d.

““Mr. Sowerby has endeavoured to throw around his subject every attraction. His
work is fully and carefully illustrated with coloured plates.” SPECTATOR.

POLIS PPA DPD IPL P PPP PPP PPP PDP PPP PPP PR

34.
Adam White, F.L.S8.
Popular History of Mammalia ;

Containing a familiar Account of their Classification and Habits. By
ApaAm Wairs, F.L.S., of the British Museum. With sixteen coloured
plates of Quadrupeds, by B. WarERHOUSE Hawkins, F.L.S.
Royal 16mo, price 10s. 6d.
“The present increase of our stores of anecdotal matter respecting every kind of
animal has been used with much tact by Mr. White, who has a terse chatty way of put-
ting down his reflections, mingled with easy familiarity, which every one accustomed

daily to zoological pursuits is sure to attain. The book is profusely illustrated.”
ATLAS,

RR ARERR RAIRIRAR ARRAN. RRRRRRARARONRS

35.
Francis Walker, F.L.S., and H. T. Stainton.

Insecta Britannica ;

Vols. I. and IL., Diptera. By Francis WatKer, F.L.S. With 20
plates. Vol. III., Lepidoptera: Tineina. By H.T. Stainton. With
10 plates.

8vo, price 25s. each.

MR. REEVE’S LIST. OF PUBLICATIONS. 13

36.
Miss M. BE. Catlow.

Popular British Hntomology ;

Containing a familiar and technical Description of the Insects most
common to the British Isles. By Marta E. Cartow. Second Mdition.
Tn twelve chapters, each being the entomological lesson for the month.
With 16 coloured plates.
Royal 16mo, price 10s. 6d.
“« Judiciously executed, with excellent figures of the commoner species, for the use

of young beginners.” ADDRESS OF PRESIDENT OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY.

“Miss Catlow’s ‘Popular British Entomology’ contains an introductory chapter or
two on classification, which are followed by brief generic and specific descriptions in
English of above 200 of the commoner British species, together with accurate figures of
about 70 of those described ; and will be quite a treasure to ¢ any one just commencing
the study of this fascinating science.’

WESTMINSTER AND FoREIGN QUARTERLY REVIEW.

37.
John Curtis, F.L.S.
Curtiss British Entomology ;

Being Illustrations and Descriptions of the Genera of Insects found in
Great Britain and Ireland, containing coloured figures, from nature, of
the most rare and beautiful species, and, in many instances, of the
plants upon which they are-found.

Commenced in 1824 and completed in 1840, in 193 numbers, forming

16 volumes, price £43. 16s. Now offered to Subscribers, new and in the
best condition, with 770 coloured plates, at £21.

Re-issued also in Monthly Parts, price 3s. 6d.
Vols. I. to V. of the Re-issue now ready, price 42s. each.

“Vous savez qu’a ’égard d’un grand nombre d’espéces, leur détermination réclame
le secours de figures. Il est done de mon devoir de.vous indiquer les livres ot vous
trouverez les meilleures. Celui de M. Curtis, sur les genres d’insectes indigénes de
l Angleterre, me parait avoir atteint Vultimatum de la perfection.’ ’__LATREILLE.

«M. John Curtis, naturaliste Anglais, a commencé la publication d’un Genera icono-
graphique des genres d’insectes et de plantes propres a la Grande Bretagne. - Leurs ¢ca-
ractéres y sont représentés avec la plus grande fidélité,”—CuviEr.

14 MR. REEVE’S LIST OF PUBLICATIONS.

DILL LI LIPIDS PILL LLL LL

38.
G. B. Sowerby, F.L.S.

Poon British Conchology ;

Containing a familiar History of the Molluscs and Shells inhabiting
the British Isles. By G. B. Sowrrsy, F.L.S8. With 20 coloured

plates. [Just published.

Royal 16mo, price 10s. 6d.

“Mr. G. B. Sowerby maintains the character of his father and grandfather as a natu-
ralist, and has here produced a very instructive volume as an introduction to the study
of shells. This work belongs to Mr. Reeve’s illustrated series on Popular Natural
History, and is a worthy companion to some of the latter volumes, of the value and inte-
rest of which we have spoken when they were published. It will be seen by the title
that this work is confined to British shells. It will be found a most convenient hand-
book at the sea-side, as all the more common shells are not only described, but illustrated.
It will serve as an admirable introduction to the great work on ‘ British Mollusca,’ by
the late Edward Forbes and Mr. Hanley.” ATHENZUM.

DOODLE

39.
Lovell Reeve, F'.L.8.

Elements of Conchology ;

Comprising the Physiological History of Shells and their Molluscous
Inhabitants; their Structure, Geographical Distribution, Habits, Cha-
racters, Affinities, Arrangement, and Enumeration of Species. By
Lovett Reeve, F.L.S. Parts 1 to 10, with 50 coloured plates.

Royal 8yo, price 3s. 6d. each.

“¢The work before us is designed to promote a more philosophical spirit of inquiry
into the nature and origin of Shells.” EccLEsraAsticaL REVIEW.

AO.
Lovell Reeve, F.L.S.

Conchologia Systematica

Or, Complete System of Conchology; in which the Lepades and
Conchiferous Mollusca are described and classified according to their
Natural Organization and Habits. By Loveri Reeve, F.L.S. Tlus-
trated with 300 plates of upwards of 1500 figures of Shells.

Two vols. 4to, price £10 coloured, £6 plain.

MR. REEVE’S LIST OF PUBLICATIONS. 15

4).
Lovell Reeve, F.L.S.

Conchologia Lconica ;

Or, Figures and Descriptions of the Shells of Molluscous Animals,
with Critical Remarks on their Synonyms, Affinities, and Circum-
stances of Habitation. By Lovett Reeve, F.L.S. Published Monthly
in Parts, demy 4to, each containing eight plates, price 10s.

[Part 148 just published.

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Genus just ready :—NERITINA.

“This great work is intended to embrace a complete description and illustration of
the shells of molluscous animals; and so far as we have seen, it is not such as to dis-
appoint the large expectations that have been formed respecting it. The figures of the
shells-are all of full size: in the descriptions a careful analysis is given of the labours
of others: and the author has apparently spared no pains to make the work a standard
authority on the subject of which it treats.” ATHEN AUB.

16 MR. REEVE’S LIST OF PUBLICATIONS.

Miss Roberts.

Popular History of the Mollusca ;

Comprising a familiar Account of their Classification, Instincts, and
Habits, and of the Growth and Distinguishing Characters of their
Shells. By Mary Rozerts. With 18 coloured plates by Wing.

Royal 16mo, price 10s. 6d.

“‘The authoress is already favourably known to British naturalists by her ‘ Concholo-
gist’s Companion,’ and by other works on natural history. We expected to find in it
a useful and entertaining volume. We have not been disappointed. . . . The work
is illustrated with eighteen plates, beautifully coloured—in most instances affordmg a
view of the structure of the animal.” ATHEN ZUM.

®

PD LDLSPLLIP APP LPP LPP PIII

43.
P. H. Gosse.

Popular British Ornithology ;

Containing a familiar and technical Description of the Birds of the
British Isles. By P. H. Gossz. Second Hdition. In twelve chapters,
each being the ornithological lesson for the month. With 20 coloured
plates.

Royal 16mo, price 10s. 6d.

‘To render the subject of ornithology clear, and its study attractive, has been the
great aim of the author of this beautiful little volume. . . . It is embellished by up-
wards of seventy figures of British birds beautifully coloured.” Morning HeRanp.

MR. REEVE’S LIST OF PUBLICATIONS. 17

AA,

Miss Catlow.
Drops of Water ;

Their marvellous and beautiful Inhabitants displayed by the Micro-
scope. By Agnes Cattow. With 4 coloured plates.

Square 12mo, price 7s. 6d.

“An elegant little book, both in the getting up and its literature. . . . The text is
accompanied by coloured plates that exhibit the most remarkable creatures of the watery
world.” SPECTATOR.

“‘Of the manner in which this work is executed, we can say that, like Miss Catlow’s
previous productions on natural history, it displays an accurate acquaintance with the
subject, and a keen delight in the contemplation of the objects to which it is devoted.
As far as the living beings which inhabit ‘ Drops of Water’ are concerned, we know of
no better introduction to the use of the microscope than the present volume.”

ATHEN ZUM.

45.
Dr. Landsborough, A.LS.

Popular History of British Zoophytes ;

By the Rev. D. Lanpsporouenu, A.L.S., Member of the Wernerian
Society of Edinburgh. With 20 coloured plates.

Royal 16mo, price 10s. 6d.

“This work constitutes one of the popular series of scientific treatises which, from
the simplicity of their style, and the artistic excellence and correctness of their numerous
illustrations, has acquired a celebrity beyond that of any other series of modern cheap
works. With this manual of Zoophytes, and that upon Seaweeds, by the same author,
the student can ramble along the sea-shores, and glean knowledge from every heap of
tangled weed that lies in his pathway.” LIVERPOOL STANDARD.

18 MR. REEVE’S LIST OF PUBLICATIONS.

ODD PT

46.
Dr. Thomson, F.L.S.

Western Himalaya and Trbet ;

The Narrative of a Journey through the Mountains of Northern India
during the years 1847 and 1848. By Tuomas THomson, M.D., As-
sistant-Surgeon, Bengal Army. With Tinted Lithographs and a Map
by Petermann.

8vo, price 15s.

“Few more valuable volumes of travels than this by Dr. Thomson have been for a
long time past published. Long after the interest which its novelty will create shall
have passed away, it will be a standard book of reference, on account of the valuable
facts which it contains, and of the spirit of sound observation in which it is written.”

ATHEN ZUM,

PILI IPLOLIIPPPIDPI_PIIODIIPOPPP RO

Dr. Gardner, F.L.S.

Travels in the Interior of. Brazil,

Principally through the Northern Provinces and the Gold and Diamond
Districts, during the years 1836-41. By Grorce Garpner, M.D.,
F.LS. Second Edition. With Plate and Map.

8vo, price 12s.

*¢ When camping out on the mountain-top or in the wilderness ; roughing it in his
long journey through the interior ; observing the very singular mode of life there pre-
sented to his notice ; describing the curious characters that fell under his observation,
the arts or substitutes for arts of the people, and the natural productions of the country,
these travels are full of attraction. The book, like the country it describes, is full of
new matter.” SPECTATOR.

“This volume is from the pen of an able naturalist, whose heart is in his occupation.

. . . Some of the regions he visited have seldom been trodden by Europeans—never
by Englishmen ; so that his observations derive value from the novelty of the matter te
which they relate.” ; ATHEN UM.

MR. REEVE’S LIST OF PUBLICATIONS. 19

OLLI I IPLIIS LILIA SIS AILS AD PID SPS

48.
A. R. Wallace.

Travels on the Amazon and Rio Negro,

With an Account of the Native Tribes, and Observations on the Cli-
mate, Geology, and Natural History of the Amazon Valley. By
AuFRED R. Wautace, Esq. With Remarks on the Vocabularies of
Amazonian Languages, by R. G. Latruam, M.D., F.R.S. With 6
plates and maps.

Royal 8vo, 18s.

“Mr. Wallace has given us a most lively and interesting picture of the glories of the
magnificent river. Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, and Brazil, six mighty
States, spreading over an area far more extensive than Hurope herself, contribute their
aid in forming the flood up which he toiled. For twenty-eight days consecutively he
breasted the stream of the Amazon. . . . He enters, with all the zest of a naturalist,
into the history of the living things which fly, run, or creep over the surface of the
country. Hissketches of the natives, their appearance, habits, and disposition, are quite
original.” BRITANNIA.

“Tn the novelty of the scenery and manners ; in the truthful, albeit somewhat literal,
picture of what the traveller saw and felt ; in the quiet earnestness by which obstacles
were surmounted by Talleyrand’s favourite rule of waiting ; and in the patience with
which sickness, suffering, and privations were submitted to, : Travels on the Amazon
and Rio Negro’ remind us of the simplicity of the old voyagers.’ SPECTATOR.

AQ.
Dr. Seemann, F.L.S.

Cireumnavigation of the Globe;

Being the Narrative of the Voyage of H.M.S. Herald, under the com
mand of Captain Kellett, R.N., C.B., during the years 1845-51. By
BertHoLp SeEMANN, F.L.S., Naturalist of the Expedition. With
Tinted Lithographs and a Map by Petermann.

2 vols. 8vo, price 21s.

““With extensive knowledge in geography and its cognate sciences, Mr. Seemann pos-
sesses a close and sober but vivid style, which expresses his ideas not only with clearness,
but animation.” SPECTATOR.

“Mr, Seemann is always a lively and agreeable companion, and has the merit of di-
recting the attention of the general reader to applied natural history rather than to”
questions only interesting to the student of pure science.” GARDENERS’ CHRONICLE.

205° MR. REEVE’S LIST OF PUBLICATIONS.

Ua aw ata tae, PLL PIII LI

50.

J. Beete Jukes, F.G.S.

Popular Physical Geology.

By J. Beste Juxes, F.G.8., President of the Geological Society On
Dublin. With 20 Landscape Views of Geological Scenery in Double-
Tinted Lithography.

Royal 16mo, price 10s. 6d.

“ Mr. Jukes’s ‘Popular Physical Geology’ is peculiarly remarkable for the skilful
treatment of his subject. The established facts and principles of geology are not only
presented with freshness, but so clearly enforced and illustrated as to impress the mind
of the student, while he is stimulated to observation by the facility with which he is
shown that observation can be made.” SPECTATOR.

“The illustrations to the work are of the most accurate as well as beautiful character,
combining the skill of the artist with the knowledge of the geologist.” OBSERVER.

C. H. J. Smith.

Parks and Pleasure Grounds ;

Or, Practical Notes on Country Residences, Villas, Public Parks, and
Gardens. By Cuaxues H. J. Surry, Landscape Gardener.

Crown 8vo, price 6s.

““Mr. Smith, who is a landscape gardener and garden architect. of great experience,
has worked out his design with ability and judgment.” GLOBE.

“The character of this publication is altogether practical, from the opening hints
upon the house and offices, to the closing directions about the arboretum and the .
pinetum.”’ SPECTATOR.

MR. REEVE’S LIST OF PUBLICATIONS. 21

PPL LIL PL LLL PPL PPPS

Chandos Wren Hoskyns.
Talpa; or, the Chronicles of a Clay Farm.

An Agricultural Fragment. By Cuanpos Wren Hosxyns. New
and Cheaper Edition, with Frontispiece by George Cruikshank.

Fep. 8vo, price 3s. 6d.

“The writer handles this subject in such a masterly manner—his style is so piquant,
as well as forcible, so scholarly, yet so racy—his wit and his wisdom are so skilfully
blended—he has so cleverly worked out his motto, Ridentem dicere verum, by telling
the truth laughingly—that the reader finds himself irresistibly carried along, and he
and the book part not company until he has made himself master of the tale that he
has to unfold.” LEICESTERSHIRE MERCURY.

«This isa rare little volume. We don’t know which to admire most, the author’s
humour or his wisdom. He has set himself the task of illustrating, in an agreeable
manner, the evils of custom, prejudice, and feudalism, as they exist among agricultu-
rists. It will create much laughter among the merry, and convey many a lesson to
the tiller of the soil. There are some very capital illustrations, too, embellishing the
volume.” ERA.

“*Cleverly written in a vein of pleasantry, the work perseveringly uproots the preju-
dice of the past, and demonstrates that scientific knowledge is an important element in
successful tillage.” Lrycotn MERCURY.

53.
Piscarius.

The Artificial Production of fish.

By Piscarius. Third Edition.

Price ls.

«The object of this little book isto make known the means by which fish of all de-
scriptions may be multiplied in rivers to an almost incalculable extent. . . . This prin-
ciple of increase Piscarius has carried out by argument and experiment in his little trea-
tise, which, we think, is worthy the attention of the legislator, the country gentleman,
and the clergyman ; for it shows how an immense addition may be made to the people’s
food with scarcely any expense.” ERA.

bo
i)

MR. REEVE’S LIST OF PUBLICATIONS.

DA.

Arthur Adams, F.L.S.

Zoology of the Voyage of H.M.S. Samarang,

Under the command of Captain Sir Edward Belcher, C.B., F.B.A.S.,

during the years 1843-46. Edited by ArtHuR ApDams, F.L.S.

The Vertebrata, with 8 plates, by John Edward Gray, F.R.S.; the
Fishes, with 10 plates, by Sir John Richardson, F.R.S. ; the Mollusca,
with 24 plates, by Arthur Adams, F.L.S., and Lovell Reeve, F.L.S. ;
the Crustacea, with 13 plates, by Arthur Adams, F.L.S., and Adam
White, F.L.S.

Royal 4to, price £3. 10s. coloured.

D5.
Sir John Richardson.

Zoology of the Voyage of H.M.S. Herald,

Under the command of Captain Kellett, R.N., during the years 1845—
1851. By Sir J. Ricwarpson. Edited by Professor Edward Forbes,
F.R.S. Published under the authority of the Lords Commissioners of
the Admiralty.

Part I. Fossil Mammals, !5 double plates.
Royal 4to, 21s.

Part II. Fossil Mammals, 10 plates.
Royal 4to, 10s. 6d.

Part III. Reptiles and Fish, 10 plates.
Royal 4to, 10s. 6d.

MR. REEVE’S LIST OF PUBLICATIONS. 23

PL LLLIPLS LIS SS LLP LLL PIL LIE LAPP

56.
Miss M. E. Catlow.

Popular Scripture Zoology ;

Containing a familiar History of the Animals mentioned in the Bible.
By Maria E. Cattow. With 16 coloured plates.
Royal 16mo, price 10s. 6d.

“Tt contains a short and clear account of the animals mentioned in the Bible, classed
according to their genera, and illustrated by a number of well-executed and characte-
ristic coloured plates. It is a seasonable addition to a very nice set of books.” -

GUARDIAN.

“Miss Catlow’s abilities as a naturalist, and her tactin popularizing any subject she
‘undertakes, are too well known to need reiteration on this occasion.”

NovTES AND QUERIES.

BT.
R. J. Mann.
The Planetary and Stellar Universe.

A Series of Lectures. By Roperr James Mann.
12mo, price 5s.

«A prief abstract of the discoveries of Newton, clearly explained and elegantly illus-
trated.” WESTMINSTER AND FoREIGN QUARTERLY REVIEW.

PPP PPP PPA DDD AA RPEALDPPPDD DDL

H. Edwards, LL.D.

Lilustrationsof the Wisdom and Benevolence
of the Deity, as manifested in Nature. By H. Epwarps, LL.D.
16mo, price 2s. 6d.

‘A little excursion in the track of Paley and the broad road of the Bridgewater Trea-
tises. Animals, Atmosphere, Organic Matter, Light, and Electricity are the natural
elements out of which the author deduces his pious lessons, leading to a First Cause in
wonder, admiration, and worship.” LITERARY GAZETTE,

PREPARING FOR PUBLICATION.

Popular British Archeology.
By the Rev. C. Bourret, M.A.

Flora Tasmanica :

A History of the Plants of Van Diemen’s Land ; being the concluding |

portion of the ‘ Flora Antarctica.’ By Dr. J. D. Hooksr, F.R.S.
[Part L. now ready.

Insecta Britannica.

Vol. IV. Diptera, Vol. II]. By Francis Watxer, F.LS.

Popular Garden Botany.

Vol. II., Greenhouse Plants. By Acres Cattow.

Popular History of British Fossils.

By Professor WyviLLeE THomson.

Popular History of British Fishes.
By the Rev. J. Lonemurr.

Popular History of British Lichens.

By Dr. Lauper Liypsey.

Popular History of British Crustacea.
By Apam Waitt, F.L.S.

Popular History of the Water Vivarium.
By G. B. Sowrrry, F.L.S.

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