SF 427 D5
[Copy 1
"ANCIERS Haro O0KS.
PUBLISHED BY :
‘THE ASSOCIATED FANCIERS,
400 North Third Street, - Philadelphia, Pa.
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Mery: DOGS:
THEIR ORIGIN, DIFFERENT BREEDS, HOW TO SELECT, BREED, | AND MANAGE THEM, TOGETHER WITH THEIR DISEASES AND SYMPTOMS, WITH
REMEDIES FOR THE SAME BY
HOMEOPATHIC AND ALLOPATHIC TREATMENTS.
BY JOHN FE. DIEHL, AUTHOR OF
THE ‘‘ DOMESTIC CAT’? AND THE ‘‘ POULTRY DOCTOR.”’
PUBLISHED BY
THE ASSOCIATED FANCIERS,
CITY OFFICE: 400 NORTH THIRD STREET, PHILADELPHIA, PA,
Entered according to Act ot Congress, inthe year 1899, by the ASSOCIATED FANCIERS,
In the Office of the LIBRARIAN OF CONGRESS, at Washington, D C.
Gift Pyblisher
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TOY DOGS. Dd
ORIGIN OF THE DOG.
From the earliest mention of dogs, it is believed they have always been the faithful companions and true friends of the human race;‘and their services have been utilized in more waysthanone. As regards their origin, we might as well give that up, although so much has been written about it by naturalists and others, nothing definite has been arrived at, as all theories and conjec tures that have been promulgated, have remained un- supported by the slightest proofs. Dogs are more or less endowed with sagacity amounting to almost reasoning power; a sharp scent, keen sight, and in some instances, strong courage. They are to be met with in all parts of the world, but it is generally in the more temperate climates, that they are found in perfection.. Theancients highly prized the flesh of the dog as food, and even at the present date they are eaten and relished by the in- habitants of China and the Society Islands. However, as we are not writing on dogs in general, we will refer the reader to the larger works, that treat more fully upon the subject. Our intentions are only to take up the smaller breeds of dogs, such as are used for pets inside of the house. These small dogs are designated as toys, and are no doubt evolved from the larger animals, as we can bring nothing to prove that they were originally distinct breeds,
TOY DOGS.
ANATOMY OF THE DOG.
In order that the reader may intelligently understand the technical terms, of the different parts of a dog, the following diagram will aid in locating the same:
_ Nose.
. Flews or Chaps.
asal.
. Stop.
. Skull.
- Occiput.
. Dewlap, when there are such.
3. Brisket.
NOOR Whe
DIAGRAM OF DOG.
. Top of Shoulder-blade
or “Shoulder.”
. Top of hip-joint. . Shoulder-blade or Scap-
ula.
. Rump-bone. . Arm.
14. Elbow.
- Fore-arm.
. Knee.
. Stifle-joint.
. Hocks.
. Tail, Stern, Brush, or
Flag; the latter isthe long hair on the tail of long haired dogs.
. Chest. . Pasterns.
The definition of the different terms used in the make: up of the dog, are as follows:
TOY DOGS. 7
Apple-Headed.—This term implies that the skull is round instead of flat on the top.
Blaze.—A white mark up the face.
Brisket (No. 8).—The part of the body in front of the chest
Brush.—One of the terms used for the ss tail; generally applied to Sheep- dogs.
Butterfly-nose.—A spotted nose.
Button-ear.—An ear which falls over in front, concealing the inside, as in Fox-terriers. (See Fig. 15).
Cat-foot.—A short, round foot, with the knuckles high and well de- —-¥#™@_:15.— BUTTON-EaR, veloped. (See Fig. 16).
Chest (No. 20).—The chest of a dog is not what many people speak of as breast, or chest, but extends underneath him, fron the brisket to the belly.
Cobby.—Well ribbed-up; short and compact in pro- portion. i WS
Couplings.—The length or space between the tops of WIS the shoulder-blades and tops of the hip-joints, or huckle-bones. The term denotes the proportion- ate length of a dog, which is accordingly spoken of as long or short ‘in the couplings.”
Cow-hocked.—The hocks turning inwards.
Dewlap (No. 7).—Pendulous sk‘n under the throat. aoe Se = eae
Dew-claw.—An extra claw, fourd occasionally on the ~* goor. legs of all breeds, but especially the St Bernard.
Dish-faced.—This term describes a dog whose nasal bone is higher at the nose than at the stop. A feature not unfrequently seen in Pointers.
Dudley-nose.—A tiesh-colored nose.
Elbow (No. 14).—The joint at top of the fore- arm.
Elbows out.—This term almost describes it- self, but will be understood instantly from Fig. 18. Bull-dogs and Dachshunds are desired with elbows so shaped, but it may occur as a fault through weakness.
Feather.—The fringe of hair on the back of some breeds’ legs; notably Setters, Span- , iels, and Sheep-dogs. FI@. 18.—ELBOWS OUT
8 TOY DOGS.
Flag.—A term for the tail applied to Setters,
Flews (No, 2).—The chaps, or overhanging lips of the upper jaw. The term is chiefly applied to hounds or other deep-mouthed dog.
fore-arm (No. 15).—This makes the principal \ length of the fore-leg, and extends from fy elbow to pastern. \
frill—tThe projecting fringe of hair on the chest of some dogs, and especially of the Collie.
Hare-Foot—A long, narrow foot, carried for- ward. (See Fig. 19).
Haw.—The red inside eye-lid, usually hidden, 7! 19-—HABE-FOoT. but specially prominent in Bloodhounds.
Height.—Th: height of a dog is measured at the shoulder, bending the head gently down. The proper method is to stand the dog on level ground close by a wall, and to lay a flat rule across his shoulders horizontally so as to touch the wall; then meas- ure to the point touched by the rule. Some people “ tape”’ from the centre between the shoulders to the ground; but this plan obviously adds to the real height of the dog, and is practi- cally a fraud.
Hocks (No. 18).—The hock-joints.
Huckle-bones (No. 10).—Teps of the hip joints. Thespace between these and the tops of the shoulders is called the couplings.
Knee (No. 16).—The jointattaching the fore-pasterns and fore-arm.
Leather.—The skin of the ear.
Occiput (No. 6).—The prominent bone at the back or top of the skull; particularly prominent in Bloodhounds.
Overshot.—Vhe upper teeth projecting beyondthe lower. This fault in excess makes a dog pig-jawed, which see at Fig. 20.
Pastern (No. 21).—The lowest section of the leg, below the knee or hock, respectively.
Pig-jawed.—The upper jaw protruding over the lower, so that the upper incisor teeth are in advance of the lower, an exaggeration of an over- shot-jaw. (See lig. 20).
Pily.—A peculiar quality of coat found in some dogs. wfiich show on ex- FIG. 20.—PIG-JAWED. amination a short woolly jacket next the skin, out of. which springs the longer coat which 1s visible. This short woolly
TOY DOGS. 9
coat is “ pily.’”’ When an ordinary coat is described as pily, it means that it is soft and woolly, instead of hard; which in such cases is of course a fault.
Rose-ear.—An ear of which the point curls backwards and downwards, lying close to the inside burr of the ear. (See Fig. 21).
Septum.—The division between the nostrils.
Shoulders (No. 9).—Thetop of the shoulder- FIG. 21.—RoSE-EAR. blades, the point at which the height of a dog is = measured. Skull (No. 5).—This is formed by the frontal, parie- tal, and occipital bones. Splay-foot.—The foot spread out flat and awkwardly. (See Fig. 22).
Stern.—The tail.
Stifle-joint (No. 17).—The hip joint. FIG. 22.—8PLAY.
Stop (No. 4).—The indentation between the skull FOOT. and nasal bone, near the eyes. This : feature is strongly developed in Bull- dogs, Pugs, and Short-faced Spaniels, and considerably so in many other dogs.
Tulip-ear.— An upright or pricked ear.
Undershot.—The lower incisor teeth pro- jecting beyond the upper, as in Bull- <M dogs. (See Fig. 23). FIG. 23.—UNDERSHOT.
wy) sEN
10 TOY DOOS.
SELECTING A DOG.
If you want a dog for breeding purposes, it is well to obtain one with a gvod pedigree, as good ancestry, will go a great ways in helping you to dispose of the progeny at remunerative prices, but if you want one merely for a companion or pet, you can often obtain them with far better puints, and at much less cost than a highly pedi- greed animal. In making a selection of a dog, there are many characteristics and points that should be well looked into. Compact frames, with plenty of bone, contribute to strength, which is very desirable when dogs are kept principally for breeding; other points to be taken into consideration when selecting your dog, vary in the different breeds, which will be fully elucidated under the headings of those breeds.
MANAGEMENT OF DOGS.
To keep a dog healthy and in good condition, he should have plenty of out door exercise, particularly in fine weather; if he has access to a large yard, he can be allowed to roam at large, but if taken for a walk in the -streets, to avoid accidents, he should be led by a chain or leader, attached to either a wide collar, or still better, a nice set of harness. If he is kept mostly out of doors, as is often the case in warm weather, he should havea roomy house, made perfectly rain or wind tight, with an opening cut in ong end, so that he can go in and out at his pleasure. Should the owner so desire, he can have
TOY DOGS. ll
his dog chained to the house, which should be located where it will not be exposed to the sun. In warm weather there is no need to have a bed in the dog house, but if the weather is cold or chilly a bed composed of straw or shavings should be furnished. In winter weather small pet dogs are generally kept inside of doors, except when being exercised, in which case a low box or basket hamper with a carpet bedding in the bottom makes the best sleeping place for them.
Pet dogs should be allowed to go out of doors at least three times a day, early morning, at noon, and the last thing at night, in order to attend to their affairs, which they soon get accustomed to perform and are thereby more apt to be clean when indoors. In correcting a dog for bad habits, or making him obedient in other respects, bear in mind that one good whipping is more effective in correcting him than a dozen slight punishments.
Most owners overfeed their dogs, particularly with meat. Once a day is often enough to feed full-grown or healthy dogs, and that meal is better given to them in the evening, as after eating they will generally go to sleep, and are then not apt to howl or bark during the night. Their meal should consist of not over one-fourth ~ meat, and that well cooked, which is sufficient for house dogs, that do not get much exercise. The best food for dogs are the scraps that come from the table, as they generally consist of a variety of things that are good and healthy, besides which they cost really nothing. Never give a dog more food than he will eat at one meal, as what he leaves is apt to lie around, and it either becomes tainted, or else the sight of it will be apt to spoil his appetite. Occasionally give your dog a bone, from which most of the meat has been scraped. It will not only ben- efit the teeth, but strengthen the jaws, and will help to
12 TOY DOGS.
amuse the dog for hours.
When food has to be specially prepared for dogs, there is nothing better than meat chopped fine and well cook- ed, with equal parts of corn meal, bran meal and rice, which should be made up into the shape of biscuit or pudding. Dog biscuits are now prepared both in this country and England, and are becoming very popular, as they require no trouble to prepare them.
By far the best and most satisfactory of these are the New Process Dog Biscuits, prepared by the Associated Fanciers, of Philadelphia. They contain the proper proportions of lean meat, oat meal, Indian meal, wheat flour, ground bone and charcoal, which have been found to be most advantageous for the health of dogs. These biscuits may be kept for months in a dry place without detriment. They are vouched for and recommended by the highest veterinarians. If there is any trouble in procuring these New Process Dog Biscuits, sent to the office of the Associated Fanciers, 400 North Third Street, Philadelphia, Pa., for a price list.
Fresh drinking water is also a necessity for the health- fulness of all animals. The drinking dish should be thoroughly cleaned out every day, to prevent it from getting foul or slimy; a deep earthen dish makes the best kind of a drinking vessel.
The appearance of a dog depends almost entirely upon the manner in which he is fed, and the care bestowed upon him. To have him healthy nothing but good and wholesome food should be given. To have his coat look well he must be effectively groomed at least three times a week, if not daily. Ontheshort haired variety a haired glove, or a medium soft brush should be used, while on the long haired breeds a comb and an ordinary brush may be used. Stiff hard brushes are apt to irritate the
TOY DOGS. 13
skin and cause eruptions, and therefore should be avoided if possible; always comb and brush a dog the same way the hair turns. Most dogs object to being washed, but in order to have them look well, this is a necessary operation, and should be performed once a month in winter, while once a week in summer will not hurt them. Their bath tub should be large enough to hold them without confining them to.a cramped position, and the water should be tepid, about six inches deep. Havea large sponge handy with which the dog can be thor- oughly wetted, then rub the Associated Fanciers’ dog soap over his body until a lather is produced, which should be rubbed thoroughly into his coat, after which rinse him off with water, lift him out of the tub and rub him dry with a coarse towel. A little hair oil rubbed on his coat will improve his appearance, and give it a glossy look. After the dog is washed he should be wrapped ina blanket, and kept in a warm place until he is thoroughly dry.
BREEDING DOGS.
Breeding should be regulated by a judicious selection of good healthy stock, and an adoption of rules, for the successful carrying out of the same. A well-bred pedi- greed dog is more apt to propagate stock resembling him- self than a good looking cur will do.
The first step is to select the variety you wish to breed, and carefully scrutinize the strains, which may be neces- sary for you to have intermingle. Avoid in-breeding if possible, that is by a union of father and mother, mother
14 TOY DOGS.
and son, or brother and sister; if persisted in to any great extent, is apt to stunt the growth and weaken the constitution of all dogs. Although the union of the two former is preferable to the latter.
Breeding dogs is often attended with tedious and dis- appointing results, particularly with beginners, as their best calculations are apt to be upset; however, we will have to live and learn. It is essential that the parent dogs should be both healthy and strong, particularly the female, in order to sustain the growth of her puppies before birth, as well as to produce milk for them after- wards.
The best age to breed from, is after both the sire and dam are fully matured, which in the stall or toy varieties of dogs is when they are a year or eighteen months old. The best time of the year for breeding toy dogs, is in the early Spring, so that the puppies may have more sun- shine and open air exercise while growing, which adds
to their health and strength. When a bitch is ready for breeding, she is likely to
show it, by her inclination to flirt and romp with any dog she may meet, it is then advisable to keep a close eye upon her, in order to prevent strange dogs coming in contact with her. The time for her inclination to breed, which is called in heat, generally lasts about three weeks, and about the middle of that time or ten days from the first symptoms, which is after she is done bleeding, is the proper time for her to have the service of the dog, which service, should be allowed to be performed twice from twenty-four to forty-eight hours apart, once: may not prove sufficient, and more than twice is superfluous.
Most bitches are inclined to breed as a general thing twice a year, at regular periods, some every four or five months, while others only every nine or twelve months,
TOY DOOS. 15
twice a year is often enough to allow a bitch to breed.
In order to get good strong pups and at the same time keep the bitch in health and strength. After a bitch has been served with a dog, a space of nine weeks will elapse before her puppies will be born, sometimes on the exact day, although it frequently happens that they will make their appearance two, three or four days be- fore the computed time fixed for her to have them. To make a bitch inclined to copulate give her seven drops of tincture of cantharides twice a day till the effect is pro- duced; it generally takes place in about six days; this is often resorted to when it is desired to get the service of a dog that cannot be had at all times, although it should not be resorted to sooner than four or five months after the bitch has had her last litter of pups. Tuo reduce the time a bitch is inclined to be in heat, give her a little nitre in water, or an injection of diluted vinegar, and in a few days the inclination will disappear. This is a good remedy when parties do not care to have their bitches to breed, as it shortens their time of trouble.
When it is ascertained that your bitch is in pups, she should have plenty of exercise until about the sixth week, at which time there should be a perceptible change in her appearance, after which time it should be gradually moderated, at the same time care should be taken that she does not strain herself by undue jumping or running. During the latter part of her pregnancy washing her should be avoided as she is then most liable to take cold.
About a week before she is expected to pup, she should be made acquainted with the quarters in which it is desired the event shall take place, so thatshe may become accustomed to them, which should be warm and dry and away from the interferance of other dogs.
‘A few days before the puppies make their appearance,
16 TOY DOGS.
her milk can be observed, her appearance is considerably enlarged, aud her actions indicate an uneasiness, her appetite is apt to fail, and her bowels become constipated, in the latter case, a dose of sweet oil should be given, which seems to lubricate her internal organs and helps partruition.
A bitch in pups should neither be too lean or too fat, if the former she should he fed up with nourishing food, if the latter she should be reduced. Excessive fatin a bitch about to pup, not only interferes with the birth of the pups, but it is liable to interfere with the secretion of the milk, and if this does occur it aggravates milk fever.
When a bitch is safely delivered she should be kept on a milk and gruel diet for two or three days; it is strength- ening and soothing to the internal organs; after that time well cooked meat and bread and milk may be fed.
In cases of protracted labor or a bitch being unable to pass her puppies after being in labor for some time, say twenty four hours or more, the application of ice to the abdomen, will often enable her to do so, as it has the effect of contracting the muscles of the womb, which assists in the expulsion of the pups. Ergot of rye is sometimes given in small doses, every hour, in complica- ted cases, but it should be resorted to only as an extreme measure. When indications are of internal complication, surgical aid must be called in, providing competent persons can be obtained.
Some bitches are notorious for the habit of killing their puppies, in such cases the only means to adopt in order to save their lives, is either to give them a foster mother, or take the puppies away from their own mother, wrap them up warmly in flannel, and keep before the fire and allow the mother to suckle them every couple of hours, when you can be present to watch her. :
TOY DOGS. 17
In the event of valuable puppies being expected, where you are in doubt of their receiving proper attention from their own mother, it is well to provide before hand a foster mother, which can be generally had in a suitable condition; they can be hired for a few weeks at a reason- able figure if advert’sed for in the papers. Great care should be taken to have the foster mother in good health and condition, and if possible short haired, and as near in size of the original mother as ean be secured.
Few small bitches can rear as many as six pups, many only four, and to do them justice, in case a bitch should have more than she seems to be able to eare for, it would be well to destroy the superfluous ones, being sure to keep those that appear to be the most thrifty, the best formed and nicest marked in color.
About the ninth day the pups begin to see, and when they are three or four weeks old they will lap milk, which they should be encouraged to do, as it is a great saving to the mother’s strength. At five or six weeks old they are ready to be weaned.
It frequently occurs that the teats of the bitch become lacerated by the teeth of the pups while nursing, and inflammation from the influx of milk often arises when they are removed, relief from the same can be obtained by rubbing the teats and stomach with camphorated oil, night and morning for a few days.
A mild dose of physic, such as castor oil or sweet oil, after the puppies have been removed, will also prove beneficial to the bitch. If the bitch’s teats become caked, rub them with a little warm vinegar twice a day, when they willsoon dry up.
18 TOY DOGS.
REARING PUPPIES.
Until weaned puppies do not require much care, after which to keep your pups in health, the following rules should be observed :
Ist. Give them a warm, clean and dry lodging place. 2d. Wholesome suitable food.
38d. Regularity of meals, and
4th. Sufficient exercise. }
All puppies require dry lodging, and in winter time, when the weather is apt to be cold, those that are young or of a delicate breed, should have a stove in their ap- partment. They should have a low box for a bedstead, with plenty of fresh, dry straw for a bed, while in sum- mer the bare boards or a little sawdust in the bottom of the box will be sufficient. Care should be taken that their appartments, as well as their beds, are kept perfectly clean and free from dampness or cold draughts.
A few days after puppies have been taken from their mother a noticeable change in their appearance takes - place, caused by the alteration of food and mode of life. The best food for puppies when first taken from their mothers, is boiled bread and milk, or oat meal porridge. As they more fully mature, crushed biscuits and a little chopped cooked meat and vegetables may be given.
They should be fed three times a day, at regular hours, morning, noon and night. Always be careful that their dishes are clean and that their food is not tainted in any manner. Never give them more food at a meal than they can comfortably devour as what they leave is apt to become rancid and unwholesome. While they are in their puppyhood never give them raw meat, as it will
TOY DOGS. 19
generally interfere with their digestion. After they shed their puppy teeth, which occurs when they are about nine months old, they can be fed as prescribed for old dogs.
The greatest scourge for puppies are worms and dis- temper. Teething sometimes troubles them, but not to avery great extent. Almost all puppies are apt to be troubled with worms, before or soon after they are re- moved from their mother. The presence of worms is indicated, when the stomach of puppies swells up and hardens, while the rest of their bodies generally appear thin, and they have an emaciated appearance. The best remedy for wormsin pups, is a dose of the Associated Fanciers’ Worm Powders; a couple of doses is generally sufficient. The medicine should be administered to the pups on an empty stomach, say, after about a twelve hours’ fast; during that period they should also have no water to drink, the object being to deprive the worms of food, so that the medicine may have a greater effect uponthem. Fits are almost invariably caused by worms, which will subside on the removal of the worms.
Distemper can be considerably alleviated in form, if not altogether prevented by keeping your puppies clean and dry and also caring for the sanitary condition of their kennels. Cleanliness, sound food, fresh water, and fresh air with proper exercise, renders distemper almost impossible. Should, however, a pup be attacked with it from either want of attention or contagion, as distemper is contagious, it should immediately be removed from the well ones that do not appear to be affected and placed in an apartment by itself, which should be clean, dry and free from draught, with about an even temperature. The food should consist of beef tea with boiled rice or bread soaked in it. About as effective a medicine as can
20 TOY DOGS.
be given, is Humphrey’s Veterinary Specific, C. C., of which give from five to eight drops, three times a day. . The symptoms of this disease are as follows: loss of appe- tite, drowsiness, dullness of eyes, heat in head and body, sneezing, running at the eyes and nose, general weak- ness, with diarrhoea and sometimes vomiting.
Puppies frequently have fleas or lice, particularly in warm weather, when they are so troubled one or two ap- plications of the Associated Fanciers’ Flea Wash, will generally prove effective, and there is no danger of it hurting the pups.
Growing puppies should have plenty of exercise, in order to properly develop their muscles and limbs. They should be kept well under cover until they are past three months of age, after which they may be allowed -to roam at large, particularly in fine weather, with a sheltered place for them to run into, to avoid the heat or rain. If puppies are house-raised they should be taken out in the open air daily, when the weather permits, for .a short walk.
TOY DOGS. el
DIFFERENT BREEDS OF DOGS.
Their values are regulated by the quality, sex, and age. Parties desiring further information will please enclose postage stamp for reply; and address the Associated Fanciers, 400 North Third Street, Philadelphia, Pa.
BitL/Aat
Terriers are useful us well as ornamental. In [Europe they are often used for hunting small game, such as rabbits, foxes, weascls, cte., as well as for exterminating rats, while in this country they are merely kept as pets,
22 TOY DOGS.
or to kill rats and mice. They generally have plenty of persistency and grit, and will attack the largest foes. They also have good noses, and when trained are nearly equal toa hound in the sharpness of their scent. Terriers may be divided into several varieties. The principal toy breeds are known as the Yorkshire, Skye, Scotch, Bedlington, Dandie Dinmot, Black-and-Tan and Bull Terrier.
YORKSHIRE TERRIER.
This breed is a great lady’s pet and is the most modern type of terrier, having been almost unknown until the past few years. It is difficult to satisfactorily trace the lineage of this breed, but it is supposed to be a cross between the Skye and Maltese and the old fashioned long-haired Black and Tan, and is often confounded by those not posted in dog nomenclature with the Scotch or Skye varieties. The following are its characteristics and points: The ears of this variety are generally cropt, but in their natural state should be thin, fine and rather
TOY DOGS. 23
small; skin, black or of a tan color; the head, rather long and tapering towards the nose, and of a golden tan color; the eyes, should be dark and bright, round and rather full, they are generally invisible except when the hair is turned back; nose, smal} and black, with well defined nostrils; the body should be in proportion of height to length, compact with a broad chest, the coating of which should be abundant, with long, glossy fine hair, free from curl, the color of which should be of a silvery blue; the legs should be straight and well placed under the body, well feathered and of a rich tan color; the tail should be docked and carried straight, horizontaly with the body. Weight when matured from three to eighteen pounds. The males are the most valued. The pups, when born, are black in color, but gradually change to their proper shades as they grow older and shed out.
Price: Males, $20.00 to $150.00; females, $15.00 to $125.00; puppies, $15.00 to $25.00.
There are two varieties of the Skye Terrier, one rather small with long, straight, silky hair and large falling
ears, slightly raised at buts. The other, larger in size,
24 TOY DOGS.
with harsh, short, coarse hair and prick ears. ‘They are also to be found in different colors, such as a dark, slaty blue, black, steel gray, with black tips to ears and tail, fawn or fawn with brown tips. Their heads are long, running toa pointed snout, but broad and flat on- top; eyes, large and keen, brown in color; nose, pointed, black or sometimes of a dark flesh color; their bodies are long and flat; neck long; fore legs short, stout and slightly bent; hind legs short and straight, well feathered with straight hair; tail, carried low with a slight curl in the end of the smaller variety, while in the larger, it is longer, straight and carried more up. When these dogs are measured from tip of nose to tip of tail, their length should be three times greater than their height, which latter should be from eight to fifteen inches. Their weights vary from ten to twenty pounds. The smaller size are generally the lady’s pets, while the larger rough ones are utilized by man to rid the premises of rats and other kinds of vermin.
Price: Males, $15 to $75; females, $15 to $20; puppies, $10 to $20.
PRICKED-EAR SKYE TERRIER,
TOY DOGS. 25
SCOTCH TERRIER.
The Scotch Terrier, frequently denoted as the wire- haired terrier, on account of his coat being of a wiry and rough texture, is the smartest working variety of the whole terriertribe. His sagacity and intelligence pre- dominates, and his courage qualifies him, not only asa superior vermin destroyer, but also an excellent watch dog. His origin is obscure. In colors they are to be found in white, black and tan, and of a gray mixture called pepper and salt, which latter color is considered the characteristic color of a true Seotch Terrier.. In shape they should be rather thick set and compact with a muscular appearance. Their head is carried high, and they are quick and alert in their actions. Ears, small and semierect, oftentimes they are cropped; eyes, small, bright and keen, and of a dark brown color; head, long and rounding on the top, covered with short, harsh hair; nose and mouth black; coat, harsh and wiry, hair about two inches in length; tail of medium length, slightly curved. They are from nine to twelve inches in height, and weigh from ten to eighteen pounds.
Price: Males, $15.00 to $50.00; females, $15.00 to $50.00; Puppies, $10.00 to $25.00.
26 TOY DOGS.
BEDLINGTON TERRIER.
The Bedlington Terrier is best known in England, Where it is much more prized than in America. It is comparatively of a recent origin, but its qualities are becoming more appreciated as a working terrier. Itis said to be of high courage, but of rather a quiet disposi- tion. The body is short with long straight legs, giving it the appearance of being somewhat leggy; the head is narrow, With a long straight muzzle, and is covered with a tuft of silky hair; nostrils large and either dark or light color, the former preferable; ears filbert shaped, rather long and hanging close to the head, fringed with silky hair; eyes round, small and sunken, and of a dark color; coat harsh and somewhat short, in color either dark blue, liver or sandy; height, from twelve to eighteen inches; weight, from twelve to twenty-five pounds.
Price: Males, $25.00 to $50.00; females, $20.00 to $50.00; puppies, $15.00 to $50.00.
IRISH TERRIER.
The Irish Terrier is said to be a pure and distinct breed, and has been known in Ireland for the past century. Although not a handsome dog, by any means, he is a very intelligent one, like Paddy from Cork, he is a lively and amusing companion, and contains a mine of fun in a country ramble, being full of the Devil and always ready to get up an excitement by hunting up everything
TOY DOGS. 27
~
in the way of game or vermin. Irish Terriers are re- markably good tempered, and seldom quarrelsome, yet will take their own part if set upon, no matter what may be the size of their aggressor. Fear isapparently unknown to them. This feature not only makes them favorites of gentlemen, but the poor man’s watch dog and the farm- er’s friend. For killing rats he has no equal, and is excellent for driving out rabbits and foxes, when holed
IRISH TERRIERS.
Ze
by hounds, and when properly trained will quarter ina field or hunt in a swamp as well as most Setters or Spaniels. They will bear any amount of hard work and rough usage, as they are constitutionally hardy, require less care, and are more free from disease than any other variety of terriers. Their pointsare as follows: Head, long; skull, flat and narrow between the ears; jaws, strong and muscular; teeth, even and strong; lips, well fitting, showing the black through the hair; nose, black; eyes, dark hazel in color, rather prominent, but small and full of life and intelligence; ears, small and
.
28 TOY DOGS.
shaped like a V, well set up on head and drooping for- ward. Like other terriers they are often cropped; neck, of fair length, widening towards the shoulders, and free from throatiness; chest, muscular and deep; shoulders, long and sloping into the back; body, moderately long; back, straight and strong; loins, broad, well ribbed and slightly arched; tail, invariably docked, free from fringe or feather, set pretty high, but not curled over the back; feet, moderately small but strong; toes, arched but turned neither out nor in, toe nails black; legs, moder ately long, well set under the body and perfectly straight, bony aud muscular, and free from feather; coat, hard, wiry and straight, moderately short; color, solid either red, yellow, wheaten or gray; weight from sixteen to twenty-four pounds.
Price: Males, $25 to $50; females, $20 to $40; puppies, $15 to $25.
AIREDALE TERRIER.
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This variety of terrier is of a larger type than the former, and is used more as a hunting or watch dog than household pet. He is very gamy, fond of water, and is easily broken to the gun or to drive cattle or sheep. He is also a good retriever, both by land and water. ‘The breed originated in England, about forty years ago, and is an inter-mixture of Scotch Terrier, Bull Terrier and Otter Hound, and derives its name from the valley of the Aire, where they are much appreciated. Their points are as follows: Head, flat and wide between the ears; muzzle, long; nose, black; nostrils, large; lips,
TOY DOGS. 29
black and free from flews; teeth, large and strong; eyes, bright, small and dark in color; ears, thin set on to- wards the side of the head, of fair size, and carried forward, similar to a Fox Terrier, with hair rather short; neck, neat and strong, free from dewlap or throatiness; Body, moderately long, with short and muscular loins, well sprung rounded ribs; legs, of moderatétength, straight and muscular; feet, round with toes inelimed to spread, toe nails black; tail, short and should be “docked from four to seven inches; coat, rough, broken, close and of a harsh texture; color, bluish gray, darkest on back or saddle, with muzzle, ears, breast, belly and feet of a rich tan; weight from thirty to fifty five pounds.
Price: Males, $25 to $50; females, $20 to $40; puppies, $15 to $25.
DANDIE DINMONT.
DANDIE DINMONT.
The Dandie Dinmont is supposed to be a cross between the Scotch Terrier and the Otter Hound. There are several noted English strains of them, and they are an old and historic variety. Sir Walter Scott by mention- .
30 TOY DOGS.
ing them in his celebrated novel Guy Mannering, gave them a notoriety which made them for a time quite fashionable. They are a gamy little dog and oneof their strongest characteristics is their tenacity of purpose. When used as hunters they will seldom leave the trail. They are also excellent vermin dogs and very useful about a country place. They are intelligent, affectionate, and generally good tempered, but when once aroused they will tackle anything within reach of them. The points of this breed are: Head, large, long and tapering to the muzzle; ears, large, pendulous and hanging close to the cheeks, slightly feathered; eyes, brown, large and with an intelligent expression; body, long; shoulders, low; chest, full; back, slightly curved; neck, thick and mus- cular; legs, short and thick, a little bowed in front, the hind legs set well apart; tail, straight, slightly feathered and carried erect with a slight curve in the center; the hair of the body is straight, hard and wiry, of a reddish brown or blue gray in color, while on the head and legs the hair is softer and of « lighter shade, and is apt to be slightly curly on the head. Their height is from nine to twelve inches, and their weight from fifteen to twenty- five pounds. r
Price: Males, $30 to $100; females, $25 to $75; puppies, $15 to $50.
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TOY DOGS. 31
MALTESE DOG.
Re. MALTESE DOG.
This handsome little dog is a great pet among the ladies. In appearance it resembles a miniature Skye Terrier, with the exception of its tail, which curls over its back. The back is shorter than the Skye, and its coat considerably longer and more silky. Head, rather long, running to a point; nose and eyes, black; ears, high set, covered with long silky hair; legs, short and well placed under the body; tail, rather short, well feathered and tightly curled over the back; coat, long, fine and silky. The color should be pure white, with an occasional patch of fawn on the ears. The weight should be from four to eight pounds.
Price: Males, $25 to $100; females, $20 to $100; puppies, $15 to $50.
82 TOY DOGS.
BLACK AND TAN TERRIER.
: 2 $ > —e Z 5 , = Z
BLACK AND TAN TERRIER.
The Toy Black and Tan Terrier, in former years, was all the rage as a pet dog, but like all other fashions, it had to give way to other breeds, however, of late it is becom- ing more sought after. The toy variety resembles the larger English Black and Tan in every respect except in size. The smaller you can obtain them the higher they are prized To get them small they are generally bred in, and to such an extent, that they are liable to become very delicate in constitution and hard to keep in good health. It is so very difficult to breed these little dwarfs, to retain their symetry that they are often crossed with the Italian Grey Hound to retain it; they are also some- times crossed with the small Spaniel to obtain the high forehead, short nose and large eyes, but in the latter cross they are apt to loose their delicacy of limb and gmooth short hair. They are sharp, active and affection- ate little dogs, but not such good ratters as the rough haired breeds of terriers. Their principal points are: Head, narrow and long with a sharp black nose, jaws tightly set, teeth level, sharp and very white. Eyes, small, bright and dark in color, somewhat protruding;
TOY DOGS. 35
ears, cropt and standing perfectly erect; legs, straight, slim and well set under the body, feet and toeslong with black nails; tail, long, thin and rat like, earried straight out; body, shortand compact, The coat should be short and very fine, head and body of shining black, with a rich tan spot over each eye and on each cheek, the muzzle, under jaw, throat and inside of the ears should be a rich tan, also the front legs up to the knees, and inside of the hind legs as well as under the tail, all of which should be distinct and the richer in shade the better. No white should appear in any part of their color. The weights of the toy variety ranges from two to nine pounds.
Price: Males, $15 to $50; females, $15 to $50; puppies,
$10 to $20.
BULL TERRIER.
This dog as its name implies isa direct cross between the Bull Dog and the Terriers. This breed of dogs are great ratters and very popular with the men fanciers. The small sized or toy variety are taking the place of the Pug as lady’s pets, to a great cxtent. Its hardiness of constitution, together with its intelligence, affection and docility, renders it desirable for a house dog, one that is not so liable to take cold or get sick when taken out as a companion as some dogs of the other more delicate breeds. It is also a handsome dog, of great courage and makes an excellent watch dog, being very sharp and alert. There are two types of the Bull Terrier, an English one with a long face showing more of the Terrier stock, and another strain having the heavy short full face of the Bull Dog,
34 TOY DOGS.
the latter is most preferred in this country, and shoula. be designated asthe American Bull Terrier, in order to distinguish him from his English cousin. As this work is mostly intended for the American Fancier, we will only describe the points of the latter variety which are as follows: Head, full, wide between the ears and short, similar to the Bull Dog, but not so thick and heavy; teeth and jaws regular and strong but not undershot like
THE BULL TERRIER.
a Bull Dog; nose, large and black; ears, should -be crop- ped and stand erect like a terrier’s; eyes, black, small and opaque; neck, light, rather long and arched; legs, mod- erately long, straight and muscular; tail, thin tapering and carried straight, with a full developed chest and shoulder; body well ribbed, loinsstrong and hind quarters well proportioned and developed, coat, short and harsh; in color, pure white is the most prized, but white with patches of black, red, fawn or brindle are also admired, and frequently they are found in the above solid color. Weight from four to twenty pounds.
Price: Males, $20.00 to $100.00; females, $20.00 to $75.00; puppies, $10.00 to $50.00.
TOY DOGS 35
FOX TERRIER.
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SMOOTH COATED FOX TERRIER.
There are two varieties of the Fox Terrier, the smooth coated and the rough coated or wire haired, the former ismost popular and at present: is considered one of the most fashionable breeds, particularly with young men. They are cleanly in their habits, affectionate in disposi- tion, biddable and not quarrelsome. They are very plucky particularly in defence of their master or themselves, As vermin destroyers they have few equals. In Engiand they are used considerably for driving out hares and foxes when they are holed. Their points are: Head, flat and narrow, jaws well set, mouth and nose black; eyes, small, keen and ofa dark color, set rather close together; ears, V shaped, small, set well back but inclining forward and being close to the cheek; chest, round and full; legs and feet, straight, strong muscular; tail, straight and
36 TOY DOGS.
coarse and should be docked; coat, smooth or rough, as the variety defines; color, white with black and tan markings, particularly about the head; body, well pro portioned; weight, from twelve to eighteen pounds.
Price: Males, $20 to $100; females, $15 to $75; puppies, $10 to $50
a «i y ROUGH COATED FOX TERRIER.
TOY DOGS. 37
TOY SPANIELS.
Toy Spaniels are the beau ideal of ladies’ pets and are fast reasserting themselves in society, where they will no doubt soon become as popular as they were during the reign of King Charles, II. They were great favorites with that Monarch and held high positions at his Court, even upon state occasions, in fact they had become so fashionable at that time, that one of the varieties became known as the King Charles Spaniel. Although they are often snappish towards strangers, they are gentle and docile to their owners, and are very fond of being nursed and petted, besides they make excellent house watch dogs, as they are very alert and quick at sounding an alarm by barking upon the slightest commotion. It is really astonishing that these handsome little pets should have been ignored for so long a time and occupy an in- ferior position to the horrid ugly and quarrelsome Pug.
Toy Spaniels are not merely a plaything, but can also be utilized for hunting, as they have an excellent scent for game and ean readily be broken to use with the gun. They however are not apt to be great favorites with lazy indolent persons, as the fact of their having long and silken hair requires time and attention to keep them in order, by washing, brushing and combing, but the beau- ty of the dog when in good coat, amply repays the trouble and labor that may have been bestowed upon it.
The origin of the Toy Spaniel is very indefinite; by some it is connected with the Maltese Dog, and others believe it to be dwarfed from the larger varieties of Span- iels. They may be classed as five different varieties,
38 TOY DOGS. namely: the Japanese, King Charles, Prince Charles;
Blenheim and Ruby, which will be more fully described under their separate headings.
KING CHARLES SPANIEL.
CZ
THE KING CHARLES SPANIEL.
This variety of the Toy Spaniels is the best known from the fact that they are the most numerous and therefore the most seen. ‘They are frequently called Charlies in this country, where we have no kings. In color they should be a glossy black, with deep rich tan markings on the feet, inner part of legs and ears, under bush of tail, around the mouth and two round spots, one over each eye; white on any part of the body is objection- able but admissable. They should have long silky hair, wavy but without curl, long broad ears, which should be close to the cheeks, with long silky hair almost touching the ground; the legs should be feathered to the toes, the length of which is a great feature; the tail should be carried on a straight line with the body, well feathered but not bushy; it is usually cropped, that is about one
TOY DOGS: 39
third of its natural length cut off. They should have an extremely short muzzle, with nose well turned up, the latter being black as also the palate. Large prominent black or dark hazel eyes, which are inclined to be con- tinually weeping; a full round ball shaped head, witha well marked stop between the eyes, which latter should be wide apart. Body, short and compact; legs, short, straight and well feathered; feet, large, with long hair between the toes. Their weight should never exceed fifteen pounds, but the Jess they weigh when fully ma- tured the more valuable they are for pets. The small sized ones are generally avoided by breeders, as the fe- males generally prove to be barren.
Price: Males, $50 to $200; females, £50 to $150; puppies, $25 to $100.
PRINCE CHARLES SPANIEL.
The Prince Charles type of Spaniel is similar to the above in all respects except color, which should be black, white and tan; the body should be evenly marked, the outside of ears and head, except a patch between the eyes running to the muzzle, should be black; inside of ears, along the jaws, under part of tail and the spot over eyes, a bright tan; these three colors properly arranged certainly, make a most beautiful appearance in this variety of dog, as the colors contrast so nicely together. Originally this variety was cailed the King Charles, but since the appearance of the black and tans, for some rea- son not accounted for, they seem to have had their name changed to Prince, in order to distinguish them from the others.
Price: Males, $50 to $150; females, $50 to $100; puppies, $25 to $100.
40 TOY DOGS.
BLENHEIM SPANIEL.
BLENHEIM SPANIEL.
The Blenheim Spaniel, from its nume seems to be of German origin, yet it is extensively bred in England, and all the noted ones are apparently owned there. It is exceedingly difficult to breed them, and therefore good specimens are very scarce. It is a much smaller variety than the Prince Charles, although its general appearance in make-up, except the color, is similar. The color should be a rich ruby red and pure white, the latter the ground and the red should be in spots, evenly arranged over the body, the forelegs and nose slightly ticked, the ears and cheeks red witha glaze of white up the forehead, in the center of which to the top, should be a spot of red, about as large as a dime, thisis called ‘‘The Spot,’ and is apparent in all choice, well-bred specimens. The coat should be long, fine and silky, and as free from curl as possible; the ears should be set low on the sides of the head, long with fine straight hair; the head should be large in comparison to the body, and round with a prom- inence on top; the forehead should project well over the eyes, almost touching the nose; the nose should be bluek and as short as possible, almost in a line between the
TOY DOGS. 41
eyes, the nostrils large and open; the eyes should be large and of a black or dark hazel color, set wide apart; they like the other varieties of Toy Spaniels, seem to be con- stantiy weeping In shape they should be set and cobby, deep chest, strong legs, short back and neck, the latter well arched; tail carried straight, about on alevel of the back, well feathered as should also be the back of the legs. They should not at most exceed twenty-one Ibs. in weight—the less they weigh the more valuable they become.
Price: Males, $50 to $200; females, $50 to $150; puppies, $25 to $100.
RUBY SPANIEL.
RUBY SPANIEL.
This variety was formerly classed under the head of Blenheims, but as their color is somewhat different they have been lately designated by the name of Ruby, so as to distinguish them from the former. They resemble the Blenheims in all respects except the color, which should be of a rich ruby red without a particle of white in any part of their coat. They are very handsome in appear-
4% TOY DOGS.
ance and well worthy of a class by themselves. Fre- quently they are cross-bred with the King Charles varie- ty, in order to give a darker and richer tint to the tan marsing of that breed.
Prices: Males, $50 to $150; females, $50 to $125; puppies, $25 to $100.
JAPANESE SPANIEL.
This variety of Spaniel frequently called Japanese Pug, on account of the extreme shortness of their noses, is a hardy little dog. In coloritis always black and white, otherwise it is not unlike the other varieties of the Toy Spaniels in make-up, excepting that its body is not so heavily coated or feathered, nor are its ears half as long. The Japanese Pug is often ¢ ossed with the Charles vari- eties, in order to reduce the size of nose, but this, in the writers’ opinion is a great mistake, as although in some respects it may improve the nasal organ, it has a tend- ancy to decrease the size of the ear, which certainly de- stroys one of the most beautiful features of the dog. If breeders would let the nose alone and endeavor to im- prove the length of coat and particularly the ears, they would find such an improvement more generally appre- ciated by an admiring public.
Price: Males, $50 to $150; females, $50 to 100; puppies, $25 to $30.
TOY Noas. 43
—— ——_ a &
ee et
HE PUG.
The origin of this peculiar breed of diminutive dogs is somewhat uncertain. Itissupposed by many to be an off-shoot from the Bull Dog, which it certainly resembles in many points. It is also asserted to have been origin- ally propagated by the Dutch, as tradition implies that it was first imported from the neighborhood of Holiand; however, although the above may be true, the Pug has certainly been improved by breeding since it came into public favor as a household pet in England some fifty years ago.
There are several strains of Pugs, the most prominent of which are those styled Willoughby and those of the Morrison strain, the former being introduced by Lady Willoughby de Eresby, and the latter by a Mr. Morrison. The chief difference between the two varieties is, that the Willoughby is lighter fawn, heavily marked with black tracings, which are often apt to run into a smutty color, while the Morrison is of richer fawn, not so heav- ily marked with black traces, although there is a suffi- ciency of black in its proper places. The points of well bred Pugs {should be as follows: Head, large and massive, not too round; muzzle, short, thick and blunt, the mask covering, which should be jet black, the face
44 TOY DOGS.
anc forehead well wrinkled with a dark spot on the latter, known as the ‘thumb mark;’’ there should bea mole on each cheek which should be as dark in color as possible. The eyes should be large of a dark brown color and prominent, the whites of which should be distinctly seen; Ears, short, fine and velvety in texture, and laying close to the head; neck, shoit, thick and full, rather prominent on the back; body, short and thick set, well ribbed up and with a wide chest. The color of the body should be a clear fawn, from a bright yellow tint, down to a bright stone color, with a black or darx colored trace or stripe down the back, from the neck reaching to the root of the tail; the legs should be of medium length, set well under the body and straight, round feet with well defined toes, the nails of which should be jet black; the tail should turn well up over the back, slightly to one side, and be tightly curled; the coat should be short and fine; and the weight should not exceed eighteen pounds. Like all other toy dogs the smaller they are, the more they areadmired. The Pugisa very aristocratic dog in his bearings, although not remarkably intelligent; he is usually a coward and is easily frightened, although very alert in givingan alarm. Somespecimens are inclined to be snappish and do not care to make friends with stran- gers. The devotion of Pugs to their owners is not so pro- nounced as that of other pet toy dogs. One great fault they have is, as they grow old they are apt to become very fat, obese looking and lazy, besides which they are prone to issue a gut eral grunt or snorting sound. Thisissupposed to be caused in breathing, on account cf the shortness of the nose, but it is much objected to, especially by the Jadies and nervous persons.
Price: Males, $25 to $100; females, $25 to $100; puppies, $15 to F450,
TOY DOGS. 45
ITALIAN GREY HOUND.
THE ITALIAN GREYHOUND,
The nativity of this handsome, dainty, delicate little dogis no doubt some congenial climate, such as is found in Italy, hence, its name, although where they really originated is unknown. It has been in existance many years, and was the favorite of Charles I., who greatly admired this breed of dog. The Italian Greyhound is considered one of the most delicate breeds of dogs, and requires a great deal of care and attention from its owner. The extreme delicacy of its constitution, togeth- er with its fine thin skin makesit imperatively necessary to keep the animal beyond the reach of damp draughts and inclement weather. It should be well blanketed when taken outof doors, except on fine warm days. They are by no means numerous in this country, as there is great difficalty in rearing them here. -Experienced breeders freyuently rear them by fostering them on cats, which make excellent mothers for all toy dogs.
Their shape and appearance is exactly similar to the large English Greyhound excepting in size.
Their points should be as follows; Color, either of a
46 TOY DOGS.
golden fawn, cream fawn, blue fawn, dove colored fawn, black, white, red, blue or flesh colored; muzzles in conformity to their colors; the solid colors with black muzzles being preferable; the head should be as flat as possible on top, with tapering jaws running toa point at the nose; eyes, rather full, soft in expression and dark in color; ears, fine, thin and carried well back; neck, long, slight and well arched; chest, narrow but deep; body, round, but tapering upwards towards the loins and well ribbed; legs, straight and delicate in appearance; feet, round, with toes well defined and nails long; tail, thin and fine, free from hair and bending upward with a gentle sweep. In weight they should never exceed twelve pounds, those from six to eight pounds being the most desirable.
Price: Males, $25 to $100; females, $20 to $75; puppies, $20 to $50. )
MEXICAN HAIRLESS DOG.
This breed is now scarcely ever to be seen; it was origin- ally Chinese, but somehow became indigenous to Mexi co, hence, itssurname. How it originated is a Chinese Puzzle. In shape and size it very much resembles the Black and Tan Terrier with a small rat-like tail, large bat-shaped ears, standing outward from the head. Itis of a uniform dark color, and should be perfectly hairless all over, but sometimes a few stragling hairs make their appearance. Its weight varies from five to fifteen pounds,
Price: Males, $25 to $100; females, $20 to $75; puppies, $20 to $50,
TOY DOGS. 47
CHINESE CRESTED DOG.
This is really the most curious breed of dog yet met with; it takes its name from having acrestof hair stand- ing upright on top of its head, it also has a tuft of hair at the end of its tail, otherwise it is perfectly hairless, ex- cept a few stragling hairs that may be met with around the snoutand head and on the leg just above the feet. The skin of the body in most specimens being mottled. They are of slight build and weigh from fifteen to twenty pounds. The crested dog is very scarce, particularly in this country. It is sometimes met with in the Chinese Gardens at San Francisco, California.
Price: Males, $50 to $100; females, $40 to $75; puppies, $25 to $50.
THE FRENCH POODLE OR BARBET.
This is one of the least appreciated breed of dogs for its good qualities, that is met with in this country. It is really the most intelligent dog in existence, it is easily taught all kinds of tric!:s, swims well, will fetch and earry both on land and water, has a good nose and will find articles that he has been taught to search for. He loves approbation and is a firm firiend to his master, be- sides being a capital watch dog, he is very courageous and will not flinch from a dog twice his size. There are several varieties of the Poodle but the one known as the French variety being the smallest is more in place for description under the head of toy dogs, although no
‘48 TOY DOGS.
doubt they are all descended from one common ancestor, which was evidently originally of German lineage; he dates his existence previous to the Fifteenth Century, and was a great favorite with the Teutonic royalty at the time. The points ofa Poodle areas follows: Head, broad well developed and carried high; muzzle should appear comparatively long when shaven; the nose of the black variety, should be jet black, it should also. have black mouth, while with the white, the nose and mouth should be pinkish. The eyes should be of medium size, clear and bright with an intelligent expression and in color a dark hazle; ears, long, laying flat to the head and thickly covered with long wavy silkish hair; the neck should be well proportioned and shoulders firm, but not thick set; the chest should be broad and rather deep, with well arched loins, muscular but not thick and un- gainly; the tail which is generally docked when a puppy, should be gayly carried a little above the line of the back, it should have a long silken brush, with an inclination to be bushy; legs, perfectly straight, muscular, but not too long; feet, slightly webbed and toes distinct and well formed; the coat of this variety should be thick, of a wooley fine texture either curly or corded as the strain may be; in color they are generally white, brown or black, with preference for the latter, although they are often met with in black and white, or brown and white. The weight of the French Poodle ranges from five to fifteen pounds, the smaller the more valuable. It is cus- tomary to shave Poodles, particularly in the summer season; it is done in rather a peculiar manner, all the muzzle shaven except a good sized tuft of hair an each side of the nose, which has the appearance of a mous- tache asona‘man. The rest of the head, the neck, chest and fore quarters and fore legs are left intact, while the
TOY DOGS. 49
balance of the body, commencing about three inches be- hind the forelegs is also shaved, down to the back joints, with a bracelet of hair left on the pastern. The feet are also shaved and a tuft is left on the end of the tail. The corded hair variety is not so often manipulated in this style, as their beauty consists in their natural coat when kept in good condition by brushing and combing.
Price: Males, $25 to $100; females, $20 to $75; puppies, $15 to $50.
POMERANIAN OR SPITZ.
BLACK svIvlZ,
He is a very pretty dog in appearance, but of late has lost popularity owing in the main part to his temper,
.
50 TOY DOGS.
which is snappich, and therefore unreliable, particularly where there are children. He is not a good street com- panion, but is very watchful as a house watch dog, as he is very quick in his hearing and can be taught to be cleanly. Although he will make a big show of attack on the appearance of a strange dogor person he is naturally a coward and will turn tailand run upon the slightest resistance being shown. He is very lively and cheerful at home and generally free from smell, of either coat or breath. Good specimens are now seldom to be met with in this country ,gowing to the excitement lately caused by their supposed rabid characteristics, thereby causing them to be made away with, which in the writers’ opin- ion was all bosh. Ifsuch were the case they would have disappeared years ago, and not been harbored and petted as the Germans have done for the past generation. This dog is certainly of a foreign importation, but as to which country should be credited with his production, is a question not readily solved. He is met with more generally in parts of Germany and I’rance, and is con- sidered by many to be of German extraction, although he greatly resembles the Esquimaux in make-up.
The points of the Pomeranian are as follows: Head, wide and flat, foxy in appearance tapering towards the nose, Which is small and fine; ears, pricked or standing upright and fine; eyes, dark hazel and almond shaped; body, short and cobby, with a rather wide chest; legs, stout of medium length, the front ones feathered; feet, round and smal; tail, bushy and curled over the back; coat, coarse and thick, Jong at the neck and body, but short on the head. They weigh from fifteen to twenty- five pounds. The color most admired is pure white or solid black, besides which they are met with in yellow,
TOY DOGS dl
Maltese and party colored. Price: Males, $25 to $50; females, $20 to $40; puppies, $15 to $25.
WHIPPET OR RUNNING DOGS.
This variety of dog is not of a distinct breed and may be termed asasport. Their qualities are purely for run- ning races. They were introduced into this country from England some five or six years ago, and have received considerable encouragement particularly in the city of Philadelphia. In England originaily Italian Grey- hounds were used for racing purposes, but it was found that they lacked the necessary staying powers; then the experiment was tried by crossing them with the Bull Terrier and the Black and Tan Terrier which has proved a success. In build their bodies should be long and thin, their legs straight and delicate in appearance. In running, their forepaws are kept close together and their hind legs spread well apart, this is done to facilitate the movement of throwing their hind paws in front of their forepaws, in making their leaps, all four of their paws areonthe ground at the same time. They generally have small heads and ears, with long noses showing the Greyhound stock. Their weight ranges from ten to fifty pounds. Their training should begin when very young, almost as soon as they are weaned from the mother they should be taught to chase a towel or a rag in the hands of the trainer, so that they become accustomed to do so when entered in a race; they should also be exercised in a daily walk, and before a race comes off, in which they
52 TOY DOGS.
are entered, they should be run over the course at least once a day, for a few days before the race takes place. When in training they should receive but two meals a day, early morning and evening, which food should con- sist of good fresh cooked beef or mutton, chopped fine, mixed with bread crumbs and moistened with weak tea. Their time between sunrise and sunset, should be devo- ted to rest and sleep. When on their walks or between the heats of a race they should be well blanketed similar to a race horse.
Price: Males, $15 to $50; females, $10 to $50; puppies, $10 to $20.
TOY DOGS. 53
DISEASES OF DOGS.
How to Administer Medicine to Dogs.
Some medicines are more easily administered to dogs than others, for instance those liquids that are given in drops, such us Homoeopathic Veterinary Liquids, Speci- fics, ete. These canoften be placed in the drinking water or in broth, which a dog will generally drink without oh- serving that it contains medicine. While medicines that consists of boluses or draughts, require that the dog should be either held by one person while another ad- ministers it, or else the dog should be firmly held be- tween the knees of a person and with the finger and thumb of one hand, protecting the fingers from being bitten by folding the upper lip over the teeth, and keep- ing it so during the operation, then force open his jaws at the same time elevating his head, while with the other hand the medicine can beadministered. If it con- sists of a bolus, it should be forced well down the dog’s throat below the root of the tongue, close to the mouth, andthe head kept up untilitisswallowed. Ifadraught, hold up the head, pour it in the mouth, which then close as also the nostrils, when it will soon be swallowed. After administering the medicine give the dog a piece of meat to eat, which will keep the medicine down.
Never treat your dog harshly while administering medicines. Kindness will bring about better results than force.
Sometimes medicines are administered by injections, in which ease it is well to oil both the anus, and the
54 TOY DOGS.
nozzle of the syringe. It is a tender operation and should be gently performed. It is best to lay the dog on its side and have some one to hold him while you operate.
Grass is the natural medicine for dogs. In small doses it acts as a purgative, in large doses as an emetic. The quantity eaten by the animal is generally regulated by the wants of nature. Grass also has valuable antiscorbu- tic properties and the dog in health or sickness should always have access to it.
NURSING AND DIET.
Tf your dog is sick and suffering from any severe illness, fix a bed for it in a quiet place or room that is not fre- quented, as quietness is very essential to recovery. Place a box of loam or ashes in the hospital for natural uses, and leave plenty of clean water todrink. The diet should be good and nourishing, such as fresh warmed milk, oatmeal porridge with a little sugar sprinkled in it. Well cooked liver cut up into small slices, or a little beef tea, which latter will be generally relished and will also strengthen, Avoid feeding raw meat of any kind,
TOY DOGS. 58
HOMCEOPATHIC TREATMENT.
Homeopathic Liquid Veterinary Specifics are easily administered by dropping the required dose in the milk or drinking water, or upon the tongue of the patient by a patent dropper. If these specifics are given by mistake, orin erroras to the disease, they will occa- sion no more harm than a possible loss of time. The doses ia all complaints should be from five to ten drops, in accordance with the age of the dog. They should be given every two or three hours in severe cases, or two or three times a day in chronie cases, taking care to mix the medicine well with the food or drink.
ALLOPATHIC FREATIIENT.
This method of treatment is more generaily known, as it has been the only one until recently that has been applied to alleviate the sufferingsof animals. When the medicines are put in the food, milk or drinking water it vequires none or very little handling of the patient, but when administered direct by hand, then comes the tug of war. The proper doses to be given will be found un- der the headings of the remedies for different diseases. They must be regulated in accordance with the state of the disease and the age of the patient. All medicines to retain their strength and qualities should be kept in a cool, dry place, free from strong odors. If in bottles they should be corked immediately after use, taking care to use the same corks.
56 TOY DOGS.
CLASSIFICATION OF DISEASES.
As all parts of a dog’s system are not liable to be affec- ted at the same time, it will be more convenient to classify the different diseases under the headings of the organs that may be more directly affected; in accordance therewith, they will be treated upon in the following ‘divisions:
DIVISION 1.
a
Diseases of the Head, Brain and Nervous System:
FEVERS.
Cause: Exposure to wet, cold or draught. Symptoms: Apparent chilliness, increased heat of surface of the body, quick pulse, appetite poor, eyes dull, bowels costive, urine scanty and high colored, and often a slight cough with running of the nose and eyes; besides the other internal organs being more or less affected.
Homeopathic Remedy: Have the dog well housed and give A A of the Specifics.
Allopathic Remedy: Treatment, complete rest; a gentle dose of purgative medicine, such as one to two grains of calomel), and three to five grains of jalap mixed into a pill, if that docs not suffice, give about ten drops of Sweet spirit of nitre morning and evening; adminis-~ ter the latter directly or in the milk or water,
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MILK FEVER.
Cause: Colds, or the taking away of puppies when young, which prevents the absorption of the milk.
Symptoms: Increased heat of the body, swelled and painful teats, and secretion of milk.
Homeeopathic Remedy: Keep the dog in a warm place and give A A of the Specifies, at the same time ‘anoint the teats with witch hazel oil.
Allopathic Remedy: Same as for general fevers, with the addition of bathing the teats with warm water or ‘anointing them with cosmoline; three or four drops of ‘spirit of camphor a couple of times a day in a little milk will often relieve.
CHOREA.
Chorea or the St. Vitus dance cannot be mistaken in a dog thus affected. The symptoms are a eontinual jerk- ing movement of the limbs, head or body, intensified when asleep. Chorea is generally a consequence of dis- temper; it rarely destroys life, though it is'sometimes - accompanied by fits, and the sufferer ultimately dies of exhaustion. It cannot be entirely cured, although the ‘animal’s general health does not seem to be affected, still it renders it unfit for work of any kind.
Homeeopathic Treatment: To relieve the dog, give J J of the Specifics, and keep it from exposure to wet damp or cold weather.
Allopathic Treatment: Keep the dog ina comfortable ‘place, feed on good nourishing animal food, give plenty ‘of exercise; fresh country air is very beneficial; keep the ‘bowels well regulated, and give as a tonic, extract of ‘gentian three grains in the form of a bolus, to be given three times a day.
58 TOY DOGS.
The latest and best remedy for Chorea is the Associa- ted Fanciers’ Chorea Treatment. Sold by druggists, at 50 cents per bottle. Directions on the hottle.
PALSY.
_ This complaint resembles chorea, it is an incessant shaking of the whole body except during sleep. The same remedies may be anplied as for chorea, but it is in- curable, although it does not always end in death.
FITS.
Dogs are subject to various kinds of fits, such as con- vulsive, apoplectic and epileptic. In either of which the first thing to do, is to give if possible, instant relief; this oftentimes can be accomplished by holding a bottle of ammoniated salts to their nostrils, or a pinch of snuff. Sometimes it is necessary to bleed them by making a small incision back of the lower part of the ear; after which a regular treatment may be applied iu acecord- ance with the nature of the fit. If your dog is too fat, reduce its flesh by a bread, water and milk diet; only giving alittle meat about three times a week. If the dog is thin and weak, give beef tea, raw meat or a des- © sert spoonful of cod liver oil every morning.
CONVULSIVE FITS.
Cause: Teething or worms; if the latter treat as for worms, and the fits will cease. Fits of this kind are more frequent in growing dogs and come on suddenly. -Symptoms: First the dog will emit a ery of pain, it will then turn over on its side, with convulsive motions of all its limbs, accompanied with cries and groans. If it does not soon recover or is not relieved it will end in delirium.
Homeeopathic Remedy: Keep the dog in a comforta-
TOY DOGS. 59
ble quiet place and give A A of the Specifics, three times
a day orofiener if necessary.
Allopathic Remedy: After using the smelling salts heretofore recommended, or bleeding, give a one grain pil of bromide of potassium two or three times a day, preceded by a dose of purgative, such as prescribed for fevers.
APOPLECTIC FITS.
Cause: Want of proper exercise, close confinement or too high feeding.
Symptoms: In apoplectie fits, the dog will fall over insensible, or nearly so; he does not foam at the mouth, but moves and breathes heavily.
Ilomeceopathic Nemedy: Give A A as for convulsive fit.
Allopathic Remedy: Bleed from the ear or neck vein; after which give a purgative, such as a teaspoonful of eastor oil, in occordance with the age of the dog.
Apoplectie fits generally end fatally in spite of the treatment, ,
DELIRIOUS FITS.
Cause: Indigestion, convulsions, distemper and some- times worms.
Symptoms: Apparently going wild, dashing about the house or yard, jumping out of windows, trying to climb the walls, and finally hiding in some dark seclud- ed place.
Homeeopathic Remedy: First catch your dog, put it ina quiet darkened room, at the same time try to soothe it, give A A of the Specifics.
Allopathic Remedy: Care for it as above, and if you think it is able to lose a little blood, bleed it in the ear
by puncturing any of the small veins inside. If it is
60 TOY DOGS.
thin and poor, do not bleed, as it may need all the blood it has, but apply the smelling salts to the nostrils, and: when it comes to, an emetic, such asa little weak salt and water, will often causerelief. Give a dessert spoonful. of castor oil as a purgative.
EPILEPTIC FITS.
Cause: Over exeitement, nervous debility or fright.
Symptoms: Epileptie Fits may be distinguished by the blueness of the lips and gums. Constant champing: of the jaws and frothing at the mouth. The fit comes: on without any notice, the dog wilk suddenly stagger,, fall over, and after struggling for a few minutes will get: up and look wildly around and then beeome apparently well.
Homeopathic Remedy: Confine to a quiet place and give A A of the Spec: fies.
Allopathic Remedy: First give a dessert spoonful of castor oil, and then a one grain pill of bromide of potas- sium morning, noon and night.
HYDROPHOBIA, RABIES OR MADNESS.
This disease is classed as one of the inflammatory ones, fever being always present. There is no known remedy for its cure; nothing remains but to kill the dog that is afflicted.
The symptoms are first marked by achange of temper, the cheerful dog becoming morose, while the shy dog becomes bold. This generally takes place a few days before the attack, which is indicated by the dog seeing imaginary objects, snapping at the wall, or tearing to pieces with savage fur; anything that comes within its reach. with sometimes a hollow howl. The discharge of saliva that comes from the mouth of a mad dog is gener-
TOY DOGS. 61
ally not as free as that which comes from a dog in a fit; it is more of a glutinous nature, characteristic of inflam- mation, the frothy spume comes from the corner of the mouth, it seldom lasts over twelve hours, : gradually decreasing, becoming thick and adhesive, when the dog furiously attempts to brush it away with its paws whic is almost a sure sympton of the disease, it is then full; time to avoid him; and if after he loses his balance and topples over, there can no longer bea doubt... when tlre saliva becomes more glutinous and irritating suffoea- tion is threatened, the dog will then plunge his muzzle into water up to his eyes, to cool his parehed mouth and throat. Hence, the disease being charaéteristic by the dread of water is a fallacy, as it is marked by an unquenchable thirst. If the rabid dog is not molested he will seldom attack anything living, but the slightest interferance with him will cause him to bite savagely, regardless of consequences. His path is generally ina straight line, and his gait a dog trot. The supposed bark of a dog by a human being is caused by the attempt to eject the secretion of salivafrom his mouth. The aver- age time rabies may appear after a bite from a mad dog, is from three weeks to six months, after that time, should no symptoms appear, the person or animal bitten may be considered tolerably safe. The duration of the disease is. from one to five days before death takes place.
CANKERS, OR INFLAMMATION OF THE MOUTH, EARS OR EYES.
Cause: Exposure to the weather, bad or high feeding and distemper.
Symptoms: Inflammation and spongy state of the gums, inflammation of the skin or lining of the ear, causing irritation, ending in uleeration. When the
62 TOY DOGS.
eye is affected the indications are an unnatural redness — of the white of the eye, together with a film over the transparent part. There is generally a discharge of a mattery substance from the eye.
Homeeopathic Remedy: Give A A followed by CC of the Specifics and anoint with Witch Hazel Oil, wash with the Associated Fanciers’ Canker Wash.
Allopathic Remedy: First regulate the system by giving a purgative, such asa jalap pill of two or threé grains; and for diet confine to bread and milk. For the mouth, a wash composed of one part of Labarraque’s solution, one part of tincture of myrrh and six parts of water, will be found efficacious. For the ear, a wash of two grains of nitrate of silver, in one ounce of distilled water may be ased, or they may be anointed with one drachm of green iodide of mercury, mixed with eight drachms of lard, every second or third day. For the eye, the Associated Fanciers’ Eye Wash may be used. Bathing the eye with warm green tea is also good.
The Associated Fanciers’ Canker Wash, will be found excellent for this disease; it is sold by the druggists or will be sent by mail for 50 cents per bottle.
OPHTHALMIA—INFLAMMATION OF THE EYE.
This disease is very common in dogs, especially during the latter stages of Distemper. The indications are an unnatural bluish redness of the white of the eye together with a film over the transparent part; there is great in- tolerance of the light with a constant watering. In or- dinary Ophthalmia the whites of the eyes are a brighter red, the lids more swollen and the discharge thicker.
Homeeopathic Remedy: Keeping dog in a darkened dry place, with a low diet, and give I I, alternated with
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A A of Homeopathic Veterinary Specifies four times a day.
Allopathic Remedy: Keep the bowels open with a purgative, and wash the eyes with a lotion composed of twenty grains of sulphate of zine to half a pint of water, twice a day, or use the Associated Fanciers’ Eye Wash, which will be found very effective. Directions on each bottle. Price 50 cents per bottle.
DIVISION II.
Diseases of the Digestive Organs.
DIARRHGA.
Cause: Exposure to cold and wet, want of regular feeding, unwholesome food such as rancid meat, too much fat, sour milk, ete. If taken in time Diarrhoea may be easily checked; if allowed to run, it will terminate in - dysentery and death.
Symptoms: Constant purging of a slimy offensive matter, causing the dog to lose flesh rapidly.
-Homeeopathic Remedy: Give no meat food; give F F of the Specifics.
Allopathic Remedy: Put the dog in a dry warm room with a box of earth and a nice comfortable bed. First give a teaspoonful of castor oil with a couple of drops of laudanum in it, after which give ten drops of spirit of camphor in a saucer of milk; ora pill twice a day com-
64 TOY DOGS.
posed as follows: five grains of powdered chalk, five grains of rhubarb, three grains of cayenne pepper, and one half grain of opium. Feed on nothing but bread and milk, or a little cooked meat.
DYSENTERY.
Cause: Badly treated Diarrhoea; it is an ulceration of the howels. -
Svmptoms: Great emaciation, rough coat, dejected look, and loss of appetite.
Homeceopathic Remedy: Give F F and if the dog loses all relish for food, alternate with JJ. For food give a rich broth, beef tea or a raw egg.
Allopathic Remedy: Give a two-grain calomel pill about every other day, and a half-grain quinine pill three - times a day. A teaspoonful of Port Wine, or a little brandy and water will help to strengthen the dog.
GASTRITIS OR INFLAMMATION OF THE STOMACH.
Cause : Highly improper food, or poison taken by mis- take or given intentionally.
Symptoms: The dog gets thin, has a constant painful strain to vomit, intense thirst, hot dry nose, quick breath- ing and refuses all food. The bowels are often out of order.
Hiomceopathic Remedy: Give A A and J J of the Spe- cifies, alternatively; for diet give warm milk and bread, or a little raw meat cut up into small pieces.
Allopathic Remedy: First give a tablespoonful of castor oil, and after the dog vomits, give a dessert spoonful of olive oil, after which a pill of one grain calomel, half grain opium, and two grains of sub nitrate of bismuth, three times a day.
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COSTIVENESS AND CONSTIPATION.
Cause: Chronic inflammation of the bowels, want of regular exercise, too close confinement, indigestible food.
Symptonis: Unsuccessful attempts to relieve them- selves, although they make frequent efforts to do so. When they succeed it is in small quantities.
Homeopathic Remedy: GiveJ J of the Specifics, with bread and milk for a diet.
Allopathic Remedy: Givea teaspoonful of castor oil, or about ten grains of Epsom salt dissolved in a saucer of milk.
The Assoc.ated Fanciers’ Canine Laxative is an ex- cellent preparation for this complaint. Directions on the bottle. Price 50 cents per bottle.
INFLAMMATION OF THE KIDNEYS OR BLADDER.
This is generally the result of a cold. The symptoms are a great scantiness of urine and evidence of pain in the loins.
Homeopathic Remedy: Keep the dog in a dry unex- posed place and give H H alternate with A A of the Specifics.
Allopathic Remedy: Give 10 grains of nitre with half ounce of Epsom salt in water, twice a week. If the pain is severe, give one or two capsules of balsam of copaiba, which can be had at most any drug store.
TUMORS, ULCERS OR SORES.
Cause; Want of cleanliness, neglected wounds, exter- nal injuries. Sometimes they may be constitutional.
Symptoms: Not necessary to describe as they are gen- erally Known when seen.
65 TOY DOGS.
Homeopathic Remedy: Give J J of the Specifics and anoint the parts with witch hazel oil.
Allopathic Remedy: Diet the dog; do not give it any rich or fatty food; give a dessert spoonful of castor oil, if not better in three or four days, repeat the dose, at the same time anoint the parts with the following ointment: one drachm of iodide of potassium and one ounce of lard. Tumors that are apparently inward or resemble swellings, should be operated on with a lancet.
WORMS.
Cause: A secretion of mucus matter caused by disturbed indigestion.
Symptoms: Unhealthy appearance of the coat, hair ruffled up, ravenous appetite, although looking poor in condition. The feeces are passed frequently and in smail quantity, mixed with mucus; nose hot and dry; breath offensive and spirits dull.
Homeopathic Remedy: Give D D of the Specifies.
Allopathic Remedy: Ten drops of tincture of aloes, or five drops of spirit of turpentine, given direct in a spoon- ful of water or in a saucer of warm milk.
The most successful remedy for worms is the Associa- ted Fanciers’ Worm Capsule. It is a positive remedy for these troublesome pests. It is a capsule, easily adminis- tered, and will clean out round worms. Directions on the box. Price 50 cents per box. Sold by druggists or will be sent by mail on receipt of price.
A special Tape Worm Specific can also be ‘obtained from the Associated Fanciers at the same price.
INDIGESTION.
Cause: Overfeeding, unwholesome or highly seasoned food, want of exercise, or debilitated system.
Symptoms: Apparent laziness, want of appetite, with
TOY DOGS. 67
scanty and unhealthy feces.
Homeopathic Remedy: Give boiled milk and JJ of the Specifics.
Allopathic Remedy: Give daily a pill of three grains of rhubarb and one fourth grain of calomel.
Also use the Associated Fanciers’ Canine Tonic.
DIVISION II.
Diseases of the Air Passages.
BRONCHITIS.
Cause: Dogs that are liable to catch cold are often sub- ject to this complaint, which is mainly caused by being exposed in wet or damp places, or to bad weather, result- ing in inflammation of the windpipe.
Symptoms: Sneezing, coughing, staring coat and watery eyes; if not checked it will likely result in consumption.
Homeopathic Remedy: Keep on alow diet and give A A alternately with E E of the Specifics.
Allopathic Remedy: Keep the dog well housed in doors, lower the diet, give only warm milk and bread, or a little cooked meat; if there is no tendency towards diarrhea, give a dessert spoonful of castor oil; if there are signs of diarrhea, adda couple of drops of laudanum to the oil, or give a pill of two grains of iodide of potassium. Wash the eyes with a little warm milk or weak tea.
The Associated Fanciers’ Cough Mixture is very effica- zious for bronchitis. Directions on the bottle. Price 50 cents per bottle.
68 TOY DOGS.
ASTHMA
What is often called Asthma in a dog is nothing more than chronie Bronchitis, which is very common among petted toy dogs, that do not have much exercise. The symptoms and treatmentare the same as those described in Bronchitis. Thereis however another form of asthma accompanied with spasms; this comprises a sudden diffi- culty in breathing, so severe at times that the dog seem- ingly gasps for breath. Under such circumstances the dog should be well housed in a warm dry place, free from draught.
Homeopathic Remedy: Give A A every hour and E E morning and night until relieved.
Allopathic Treatment: Consists of first giving an emetic, composed of from one half to one grain of tartar emetic dissolved in a tablespoonful of warm water, every three hours, until the dog is relieved; after which give a cough bolus composed of ipecacuanha powder, one half to one grain; powdered rhubarb, one to two grains; powdered opium, one quarter grain; compound syrup of squill, one to two drops. Ifthe spasms are severe give ten drops of laudanum and ten drops of ether in water every three hours until relieved.
The Associated Fanciers’ Asthma Cure is considered one of the best preparations for this complaint. Direc- tionson each bottle. Sold by the druggists. Price 50 cents per bottle.
CORYZA OR CATARRH OF THE NOSE.
Cause: Remaining out in wet or damp weather, or be- ing exposed to a sudden change in the atmosphere.
Symptoms: Sneezing, watering of the eyes, with a slimy discharge from the nose.
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Homeeopathic Remedy: Remove the dog to a warm, dry place, wash the eyes and nose with castile soap and warm water, and give C C of the Specifics.
Allopathic Remedy: Put a little seasoning in the food’ such as cayenne pepper. Give three or four drops: of tincture of aconite in the saucer of milk, or use a solution: of chloride of zinc, two grains to an ounce of water, and inject it into the nostrils with a syringe.
DIPHTHERIA OR ULCERATED SORE THROAT.
Cause: Sleeping in a draught, or being confined in a damp, wet place.
Symptoms: Mouth ~_ throat filling up with a mucus resembling a thick saliva; little white ulcers are four on the mouth, throat and tanec It is contagious, and: unless taken in time it will prove fatal.
Homeeopathiec Remedy: Diet on bread and milk; give A A of the Specifies, and powder the mouth with borax and chlorate of potassium or pulverized burnt alum.
Allopathic Remedy: Remove to a warm dry place, swab out the mouth and throat with Labarraque’s Solu | tion, diluted with one half water and apply nitrate of silver or powdered borax to the ulcerated parts, twice a day. A little powdered sulphur mixed in milk is also serviceable.
CONSUMPTION.
Cause: It often arises from breeding in and in, or it may be hereditary, but it is generally caused by a neg- lected cold, or being confined in unhealthy places, which cause scrofulous tubercles to form on the lungs, liver and other organs.
The symptoms are hardly observable in the early stage of the disease; in the more udvanced state there is
wil) ‘TOY DOGS.
‘a cough with ‘a ‘wasting away of flesh, together with indications of weakness and lassitude.
Homeeopathie Remedy: Give stimulating food; let the milk be thickened with oat meal or Imperial Granum, cand give E E of the Specifies.
Allopathie remedy: Attend to proper housing, and regulate the diet. A little raw meat cut up into small pieces, or a small quantity of wine or brandy in milk will be very strengthening. The main medicine, however, should be cod liver oil, a dessert spoonful or more every ‘day. In advanced stages the disease is incurable.
DISTEMPER.
Cause: This is a much more common and dangerous ‘disease than it is supposed to be, and generally oceurs in half grown dogs, whose system is not thoroughly regula- ted. Itis somewhat similar to typhus fever, which poi- ‘sons the blood, by which the various secretions are either totally checked, or so affected, as to prevent them from acting in a healthy manner, in order to purify the system. It is contagious and requires care in the treat- ment.
Symptoms: Ead cough with fever and a mattery dis- charge from the nose and eyes; staring coat; difficult breathing; sudden wasting away; refusing food, or at times eating voraciously, without any apparent strength- ening results; impaired secretions, which are black and offensive; wandering around with tongue protruding; a fit often occurs when the brain is affected; or at other times the dog becomes delirious. This is the most critical stage of alland if the dog recovers, it is often a victim of Chorea or Palsy for the balance of its life.
Homeopathic Remedy: Let the diet be low, such as bread and milk. Give C C of the Specifics, and if there
TOY DOGS.. 7k
is much fever aiternate with A A.. If the disease appears: checked but the appetite is poor, give J J.
Allopathic Remedy: Keep the dog in doors. Diet as. above directed. Give a dessert spoonful of the following mixture: castor oil, three ounces; syrup of buckthorn, two: ounces; syrup of poppies, one ounce. If diarrhea is. present, put a couple of drops of laudanum in each dose. Wash the eyes and nose morning and evening with sul phate of zinc, diluted with the same quantity of water. It may also be injected into the: nostrils. with a syringe. When the stage of prostration comes.on, good strong beef tea should be given with a spoon, every three or four hours, or alternate with milk andi wine. If the dog. becomes better, but still appears. weak, give a teaspoon- ful of cod liver oil twice a day, which will act like magic. Should at any time Mange present itself anoint the affec~ ted parts as directed for that disease.
A most valuable remedy for this. disease: will be found: in the Associated Fanciers’ Distemper Treatment. Each box contains an exhaustive treatise on all the complica- tions of the disease, and instructions for diet to be used: Price 50 cents pe box, same price by mail.
GENERAL DEBILITY.
Cause: Over showing at exhibitions, close confinement without fresh air.
Symptoms: Moping about without apparent cause; out. of condition; want of appetite or general prostration.
-Homeeopathic Remedy: Feed.on good wholesome food,,
a little at a time; raw egg may be given daily. Give J J of the Specifies. -
Allopathic Remedy: Give ten-drops of tincture of chlor- ide of iron, in a saucer of milk; feed on beef tea, raw meat, or rich broth. <A teaspoenful: ef cod liver oil every
12 TOY DOGS.
Morning will prove beneficial. ,
The Associated Fanciers’ Canine Tonic is ‘the most ‘successful remedy for general debility; it is also good for all humors of theblood. Directions on each bottle. For sale by the druggists. Price 50 cents per bottle.
JAUNDICE.
Cause: This disease is a derangement of the liver, and lis More prevalent in overfed dogs that do not get proper exercise. Itis often fatal.
Symptoms: It commences with fever, loss of appetite ‘and shivering; next comes on sickuess of the stomach, vomiting of a greenish or yellow fluid mixed with froth. Diarrhoea or Dysentery may follow, and these are liable ‘to cause death.
Homeopathic Remedy: Give J J of the Specifies; if not relieved, alternate with A A.
Allopathic Remedy: First give a teaspoonful of Glaub- er’s salt diluted with water. If this should aggravate the vomiting, it will cause more good than harm, as it will clear out the stomach and may check the fever. If the vomiting continues for too long a time, give a pill com- posed of one drop of creosote, and five grains of aroma- tic powder, three timesa day. If the dog appears to be ‘constipated, give a one grain calomel pill, for four or five nights in suecession. Should this cause too much laxity, omit it for a couple of nights. To complete the cure, give the Associated Fanciers’ Canine Tonic. If much ema- ciated give a teaspoonful of cod liver oil, twice a day. A little raw meat cut up into small pieces, may be fed daily, otherwise the diet should consist of soft food.
DROPSY. :
Dropsy consists of serum infilterated into the cellular
TOY DOGS. 73
membrane beneath the skin of the whole body, as shown by the swelling. The cause is general debility, by which the serum is not absorbed, or it may come from inaction of the kidneys, by which the blood is overcharged with it. Gross food, or foul, dirty kennels will also produce it. It mostly occurs in. old worn out dogs, with inactive livers. The treatment must vary with the cause.
Homeopathic Remedy: Give J J of the Specifics, alter- nated with A A.
Allopathic Remedy: Give tonic composed of twoounces of compound tincture of bark, mixed with fourteen oun- ces of decoction of yellow bark, and give of this one to three tablespoonfuls, two or three times a day, according to the size of the dog.
The Associated Fanciers’ Canine Tonic will, however, be found to be the most effectual treatment of all.
DIVISION IV.
Diseases of the Skin.
MANGE.
Cause: This disease is principally caused by bad or Careless treatment; by either under-feeding or over- feeding on unwholesome food; or close confinement, all of which tend to bring about poverty of the blood. It is also known to be hereditary. e¢Symptoms: Thickening or scabby appearance of the skin, which breaks out into an eruption, with an offensive discharge flowing from the cracks or ulceration; this
74 TOY DOGS.
dries in time and falls off in scales, taking with it the hair, which is also further removed by the constant scratching or biting of the poor animal, that is tormen- ted with a constant itching of the parts affected.
Homeeopathic Remedy: Give J J of the Specifies and bathe the parts with the Marvel of Healing; at the same time keep the dog on a milk diet.
Allopathic Remedy: Give one drop of Fowler’s Solution in milk, twice a day, fora week, after which omit it for a week, then three times a day for another week, after which omit it for a couple of days, then begin again, and continue in like manner until the disease disappears. The parts affected should also be anointed with a little of the Mexican Salve, made by the Mexican Medicine Co., 400 North Third Street, Philadelphia. Rub it well into the skin every other day; or bathe with phenyle solution. In place of the arsenic, a pill of one grain of iodide of potassium may be given twice a day. The diet should be bread and milk, but no meat.
The Associated Fanciers’ Mange Wash is a quick and effective cure for the most virulent forms of Mange. Directions for use on the bottle. For sale by druggists. Price 25 cents per bottle.
ERUPTIONS.
Eruptions of any kind are caused by impurity of the blood, and should be treated in a Jike manner as Mange.
VERMIN.
Cause: Dogs are liable to have fleas and lice, when they are kept in unclean places. These insects are also taken from other animals, with whom the dogs may have associated.
Symptoms: These pests are indicated by the annoyance
TOY DOGS. 75
they cause, and they are easily distinguishable to the eye.
Remedy: Rub lac sulphur or carbolic powder wellinto the skin; or use phenyle solution.
The most effective remedy for fleas and lice is the Associated Fanciers’ Flea‘Wash. It is guaranteed to kill all kinds of vermin on dogs or eats. See directions on the bottle. Sold by the druggists. 25 cents per bottle.
HAIR AND COAT.
For promoting the growth of hair on dogs, and giving them a beautiful glossy coat, use the Associated Fanciers’ Hair Stimulant, which should be applied once or twice a day with gentle friction. Sold by druggists, Price 50 cents a bottle.
DIVISION V.
Fractures and Bruises.
BROKEN BONES.
If a dog happens to get a limb broken, it should be set and splinted the same as that of ahuman being. If badly lacerated, with little liklihood of its properly healing, do not hesitate to amiputate it, if you value your dog and wanttosave itslife. The ragged edge of the bone may be readily sawed off with a small fine saw, leaving enough flesh and skin to form a flap to cover over the end of the bone. Stop the bleeding by cauterizing it, then sew up the wound and dress with sticking plaster. This opera- tion is better performed by first giving the patient chlor-
76 TOY DOGS.
oform to keep it quiet; this should be done by laying the dog on its side, then saturate a rag or sponge with a little chloroform and hold it near its nose, not touching it, or you may smother it. Should the chloroform evaporate before taking effect, renew it immediately, and try it over again. It generally takes from five to ten minutes to accomplish a state or torpor. During convalescence the dog should be kept as:quiet as possible, and fed spar- ingly on nourishing food.
BRUISES AND CONTUSIONS.
Cuts, tares or bites, unless they are very severe, or are a long time in healing, are better left to the dog, as it will lick them, which is about the best healing remedy. But if it is a large tare, a few stitches may be necessary; these should be made with a curved needle, with strong thread or silk; after which the wound may be dressed with witch hazel oil, or Marvel of Healing, either of which will be found to be excellent when applicd to bruises of any kind. They alleviate the pain and pre- vent stiffness. The Mexican Salve however is more efficacious than either or both of them.
RICKETS.
Rickets or large joints, are caused by a defective bone substance. It mostly occurs in puppies when the lime or gelatinous matter is deficient. "When puppies arecon- fined to their kennels they are likely to get bandy legs, this being the first sign of Rickets. The best remedy is pure country air with plenty of exercise; and good whole- some food. Where there is apparent poverty. of blood, a one or two grain of quinine and iron pill, once or twice a day, will prove beneficial. Oftentimes enlarged joints are mercly asign of vigor, which will disappear as the puppy grows older.
List of the Associated Fanciers’ Preparations.
NEW PROCESS DOG 'BISCUIT. A concentrated Condition food for dogs and growing puppies. Price 10 cents per pound. Sample cake sent by mail to any P.O. in the U.S. or Canada, on receipt of 6 cents.
FLEA SOAP. Equal to an oat meal toilet soap in quality and appearance. Destroys vermin and keeps it off; neutralizes doggy odor, stimulates the growth of hair, and cures mild skin diseases. Price 25 cents per enka Same price by mail.
FLEA WASH. Especially prepared for long haired breeds that are too troublesome to wash often. 25 cents per bottle. By mail 40 cents.
DISTEMPER TREATMENT. The prescription of a distinguished veterinary surgeon and used with uniform success at nearly all the prominent Kennels. Each box contains an exhaustive treatise on all the complications of the disease, and instructions for the diet to be used during the disease. Price per box 50 cents. Same price by mail.
MANGE WASH. One bottle is generally sufficient to cure parasitical mange. Sometimes two or three ap- plications will effect a cure. Price 50 cents per large bottle. Small bottles by mail 50 cents.
WORM CAPSULES. One dose is a speedy cure for wormis in grown dogs or young puppies. Price 50 cents per box. Same price by mail.
TAPE WORM SPECIFIC. Will rid a dog of this troublesome pest after all other remedies fail. Price 50
cents per box. Same price by mail.
CANINE TONIC. For loss of appetite, bad coat, poor condition, blood mange or after recovery from distemper or other weakening diseases. Price 50 cents per bottle. Same price by mail. |
CANKER WASH. Asure cure for this troublesome disease. Price 50 cents per bottle. Small bottles by mail 50 cents.
EYE WASH. For weak and inflamed eyes. Prive 50: cents per bottle.
COUGH MIXTURE. An excellent remedy. Price 50 cents per bottle.
ASTHMA CURE. Price 50 cents per bottle.
CHOREA TREATMENT. For twitching of the muscles and partial paralysis this medicine is a wonder- fulremedy. Price 50 cents per bottle.
CANINE LAXATIVE. For relieving constipation. Price 50 cents per bottle.
DIARRH@GA MIXTURE. Price 50 cents per bottle.
HAIRSTIMULANT. For promoting the growth of hair on dogs and giving them a beautiful glossy coat. Price 50 cents per bottle.
FLUID KENNEL DISINFECTANT. An instan- taneous deodorizer for kennels and useful as a germ destroyer in distemper and mange. Price 25 cents for a. twelve ounce bottle. Small bottle by mail 25 cents.
DRY KENNEL DISINFECTANT. = This destroys the bad smell in kennels or dog boxes, by sprinkling it among the bedding or on the floor. It is also useful in distemper and mange Price 25 cents per box.
PUPPY FOOD. This is the result of along series of experiments. Puppies reared on this food will never be troubled with worms, as it contains a harmless vegetable:
ingredient that is death to these parasites. It is rich in both muscle and bone making materials. Price 50 cents per five pound box.
CAT FOOD. An excessive meat diet, raw or cooked, is injurious to cats. It is also injurious to their coats. We have prepared a palatable and digestible cooked food, containing the necessary quantity of meat and other pure ingredients that will keep the cat in good health. Price 10 cents per pound. Sample packages sent by mail on receipt of 5 cents.
POULTRY FOOD. This is an excellent food for chickens of all ages. It may be fed from the time they come out of the shell until their existence is ended. As an egg producerit hasno equal. It is specially prepared, containing all easily digested ingredients necessary to health. To feed # takesufficient fora meal, pour boiling water or milk over it, enough to make it a crumbly mass, then let it cool a little before feeding. Price 10 cents per pound or $3.50 for 50 pounds.
All the above preparations can be obtained from the druggists, grocers and gunsmiths. To avoid disappoint- ment, do not accept any substitutes of any kind that may be recommended as being just as good, but insist on having those plainly marked with the name of the
THE ASSOCIATED FANCIERS,
400 N@€RTH THIRD STREET, PHILADGSLPHIA. PA.
IF YOU ARE {NTERES'TED IN POULTRY, DOGS OR CATS YOU SHOULD SEND FORTHE FOLLOWING BOOKS:
The Poultry Doctor
A valuable little Book for the Fancier and Breeder of Poultry. Showing how to rear and keep them, giving symp- toms of their different ailments with treatment by allopathic and homco- pathic remedies. By John E. Dieh), American Poultry Association Judge. Mailed on receipt of 25 cents in Postage Stamps.
THE ASSOCIATED FANCIERS’ NEW BOOK
The Toy Dog.
It traces its origin and describes the many different varieties. How to select, br.ed and manage them. Their diseases, and symptoms, with remedies for the same by homeo=
athic and allopathic treatments.
Wustrated with about fifty well- drawn Engravings. The last and best book by the fate John E. Diehl. Mailed toany adcress on receipt of ¥ 25 cents. I mal
Domestic Cat
its different breeds and varie-
owners of cats. Written by E hnghee weg John E. Diehl. Mailed on receipt of 25 cents in stamps or Post Office money order.
Remit for all of the obove books to the
&SSOCIATED FANCIERS, +000) apo.
i PAGE; PAGE. Allopathic Treatment, 55 | Diséasés of the Digestive Anatomy of the Dog, 6 Organs, ; Associated Fanciers’ Diseases of the Air
Preparations, ; PRAT Passages, . ; 67 Asthma, . ; : 68 | Dysentery, : : 64 Breeding Dogs, i 13 Distemper, : : 70 Broken Bones, : : fa. 4° Dropsy,... : : 72 Bronchitis, ; 67 Diphtheria, : : 69 Bruises and Contusions, 7 Eruptions, : 74 Canker or Inflammation Fanciers’ Hand Books, 80
of the Ear and Eye, 61 | Fevers, ; : 56 Catarrh of the Nose, 68 | Fits, Apopleetic, 59 Chinese Crested Dog, 47 oS -Convulsive, 58 Chorea, . ; 57 ‘*” Delirious, . , 59 Classification of Diseases56 ‘‘ Epileptic, : 60 Consumption, . : 69 | Fractures and Bruises, 75 Constipation, . 65 | French Poodle or Bar bet, 47 Coryza, —. €8 | Gastritis or Inflamima- Costiveness, 65 tion of the Stomach, 64 Dandie Dinmont, 29 | General Debility, . 71 Diarrhea, . ; 63 | Hair and Coat, ; 75 Different Breeds of Dogs,21 | Homceopathic Treat- Diseases of Dogs, 53 ment, . 55
£ of the Skin, 73 | How to administer
is of the Head, Medicine, . : 58 Brainand Nerv- Hydrophobia, . : 60 ous System, 66°} Indigestion, ~ . ° 66
TOY DOGS. "
PAGE. PAGE. Inflammation of Eyes, 62 Spaniel, Blenheim, . 40 Inflammation of the Japanese, : 42 .
Kidneys and Blad- e King Charles, 38 der, 65 e Prince‘ 39
Italian Greyhound, 45 - Ruby,. . 41 Jaundice, . 3 72 | Terrier, Airedale, ; 28 Maltese Dog, : 31 ie Bedlington, 26 M: anagement of Dogs, 10 5 Black and Tan, 32 Mange, : 73 es Bull, i Reeves Mexican Hairless Dog, 46 z! Fox, , ; 35 Milk Fever, : : 57 ey Trish, ; : 26
. Nursing and Diet, . 54 e Scotch, : 25 Ophthalmia, . i 62 o Skye, . 23 Origin ofthe Dog, . 5 “ a Pricked Ear 24 Palsy, : 58 i Yorkshire, 22 Pomeranian or Spitz, 49 | Tumors, Ulcerations, Pug... ‘ i 43 and Sores, . : 65 Rearing ups 18 See “4
Whippet or Runninz 2 Rickets, . ° te PTS HOt. Z 4 51
Selecting a Dog, d 10 | Worms, . 5 : RA
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