<*1 ,cOH U.S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR PROTOTYPE OIL SHALE LEASING PROGRAM 1/ ' TRACT C-b BLM Library -~- D-55oA, * iter Denv^ QUARTERLY REPORT #1 P.C- 2*5-0047 21 Denver* <*« ww ( Through November 30, 1974 ) Submitted to: Mr. Peter A. Rut ledge Area Oil Shale Supervisor Conservation District U. S. Geological Survey Grand Junction, Colorado By: Ashland Oil, Inc. Atlantic Richfield Company, Operator Shell Oil Company The Oil Shale Corporation JANUARY 14, 1975 <• TABLE OF CONTENTS BY VOLUME NUMBER Volume No. Table of Contents I I Pre-Exploration Environmental Reconnaissance Surveys A. Biological B. Archaeological II Environmental Baseline Monitoring Programs A. Surface Water 1. Streams 2. Springs and Seeps B. Core Drilling and Associated Ground Water 1. Well Survey Plats 2. Completion Data 3. Jetting Tests k. Drilling Water Production II 5- Drilling Water Quality Analysis 6. Baseline Water Quality Analysis II & III 7« Geophysical Logs IV 8. Lithological Logs V 9» Assays 10. Core and Cuttings Trace Element Analysis 11. Rock Mechanics 12. Core Gas Samples VI C. Air Quality 1. Air Quality and Surface Meteorology 2. Low Altitude Meteorology 3. Upper Air Studies k. Visibility 5. Atmospheric Diffusion Studies VII D. Biology 1. Terrestrial Wildlife Studies 2. Aquatic Studies 3. Terrestrial Vegetation Studies h . Dendrochronology and Dendroclimatology Studies 5. Soil Survey and Productivity Assessment Studies III Other Studies A. Fish and Wildlife Management Plan B. Revegetation Studies C. Micro-Environmental Studies D. Aerial Photographic Studies E. Archaeological Studies F. Scenic Values Study * » SUCTION II C AIR QUALITY 'The air quality program is concerned with both measurements of atmospheric gaseous constituents and meteorological processes which affect their transport and diffusion. Table/Fig. No. Description Page Table II C-l Air Quality and Meteorology Data II C-2 Description ; This table summarizes data experimental programs in all areas: air quality and surface meteorology, low altitude meteorology, upper air studies, and visibility. Table II C-2 Air Quality and Meteorology Sampling II C-3 Frequency, Minimum Averaging Times and Status This companion table to II C-l gives sampling and reporting information and program status. Table II C-3 References for the Basic Data II C-4 These references are contained at the end of this section. See also Table II C-4. Table II C-4 Air Quality and Meteorology Basic II C-5 Data Presentation Guide This table summarizes the types of data presented in all the basic references at the end of this section. II C-l Atttiisia «te oipg ox^snoov .8 aouajojjxa • CM san^BJoduioj, CVJ UOTlBipBH acxos * X sanssoaj , oxa^amoa-Bg + UOTQ/C^TdTOSJd X X X X X ' sjn^vBaadwaj, J.xy X X X X X X X X X * Xq.xpTciriH OATq."BX3H X X X X X X X X X UOt^OajTQ pUTft X X X X X X X X X * psadg pui/A X X X X X X X X X * 00 JH rH S0M X X ON X X X0M X X 9UO20 X X •O'H 'IHD-uon Sh >H ('JHO) atreq^sw H >-l suoq.iBOOjp^H IB^OJ, >h r»< S8q.BTTl0iq..tBcJ O o o o o • S2H X X X X X 20S X X X X X ti oj / o to • § / rH c> P O rH •H r^ rH M ^ / U o> Tl oj OJ OJ «-3 o o rH (Vj on _^ 5m £> 1 r« O Sh 05 > o; to / OJ CM (M CVJ C\J CVJ OJ o y r: o t_i nt / ^. 4J o <_> o c_) o Tj >, > ► J • p P w J* o HJ o Eh o A> / »» ti +-> ai 3 i o • P (u P-, o vo CO" •H *U / O •H .% +> o m •d -(-> u< (h in u to * P u / fcS rH u •H r-< N I*. 1 I •H 1 CD >< -p •H a) a' rH +> / O cvJ ri O rH 2 >. ■p o 1 o o -p o a > ^** •H ^ / ui a O' (V) ■H o (0 >H o o o ,4 OJ o OJ a rO / «' Q / -P M s-. rH cj r* 0) **- O CO i'l rH CVJ 0J p >"> CVJ Lh M cy ■H W •r( :i CO Eh 5 a> ay QU •H aj) TABLE II C- 2 AIR QUALITY & METEOROLOGY SAMPLING FREQUENCY MIN. AVERAGING TIMES & STATUS Symbols appear on previous table Symbol Sampling Frequency Min. Average Time or Report Frequency Description Status X Y 0 1/sec 5 min. avg. 1/2*4 hr. span 1/sec l/se< l/sec at least 2/day for 15 day/ quarter 1/(U*- open ) 5 min. average 5 min. average Daily Weekly Quarterly Quarterly Quarterly 5 min. average 5 min. average Daily max. and min. and times same Onset & Extent of Inversions open AQ & Low Alt. Met I Particulates Trace El em. Composites Part, size distribution Gross radioactivity Volatile metals Temp, difference between 30 'and 100' height on met. tower Temp, difference between 30' and 200' height on met . tower Barometric Pressure High Alt. Meteorology Temp. & Wind Profiles to 6000 Ft. Acoustic Echo (for Temp. Inversions) Visibility ! Operational in Sept. except for Trailer 02U Operational as of October Operational Operational Operational Operational Operational Operational as of 2 January Not Contracted II C-3 TABLE II C- 3 References for the Basic Data (Contained at the end of this section) iJL. Air Monitoring Report for Atlantic Richfield Company. September 1974. Report No. 1 dated 20 November 1974. Radian Corporation, Austin, Texas (RC// 100-056) 169 p. 2. Upper Air Studies Over Federal Oil Shale Tract C-b During October 1974. Prepared for Atlantic Richfield Co. under Contract No. 66123. E G 5 G Environmental Consultants, Albuquerque, N.M. E G S G Report No. AL-ECP- 74-107 dated 6 December 1974. 90 p. 3.. Upper Air Correlation Studies for October 1974 between Federal Oil Shale Tracts C-a, C-b and Grand Junction, Colorado. Prepared for the Atlantic Richfield Co. and the Rio Blanco Oil Shale Project. E G § G Environmental Consultants, Albuquerque, N.M. E G § G Report No. AL-ECP- 74-109 dated 6 December 1974. 134 p. 4. Air Monitoring and Analytical Determinations of Volatile Trace Metals at the C-b Tract. Project No. 197. The Oil Shale Corporation, Golden, Colorado. Laboratory Data Letter 74-134 dated 4 December, 1974 to Dr. Max W. Legatski, Atlantic Richfield Co. 2p, encl • 2 p. II C-4 w Q n ^> o o H S w to w ptj a* < < Q Pi O •H P Cd p 3 P Pi 3 • 3 P P r-l rH Cd Cd Pi Pi > > O m O m o CD bO bO to to 10 cd cd CD CD <3" CD P P bO bOCM bO > P. P. P rt cd CD CD •» CD > to > to > X X cd CM cd CM < rH rH O o rC r3 X X X P P rH 91 rH * iH 3 3 •H CD • H CnJ ■H O o cd CM cd CM cd S S Pi o Q O Q • • .H rH CD •H > cd P • £ Ph p > X P < P 3 cd P •H PQ Pi E cd o m cd cd TJ bO •d tO 3 O to >> PI Pi CI id 1 >H 10 rH CD cd •H p o P CD PI XI X Tj 3 ■H p co cd p o P P to •H o p 3 •H P 3 •H PI CD rH ,3 cd O ♦ 10 P Pi P o m bO CO i p r3 g X3 •H cd E o cd K) 3 1 rH CD E •H P P xJ co cd cd U i P CD p CD Pi it Pi PI LO cd X 3 > CD V) P ». vO < o >U P O cd TJ 10 Pi 3 CO 10 en V P P rC Pi Pi o o Pi c Pi CD PI P cd Pi TJ 3 p CM cd cd cd 3 w o 3 ^m bo PI 3 Pi Pi P P P 3 P rH O O CD 6 CD e 3 ■H 3 3 3 XX •H P P 3 3 P. •H o 6 O o O rH -H Q 3 XWH 6 Pi x ,3 1 X .3 X ,3 P O cd •H cd •H 3 cd i o i 1 i p+J-d EC t: X o S rH to to rH rH Pi 10 Pi cd O O -H •H , — N /~-y 2 O LO S-3^ cd X CD * «\ Pi CD nd 13 i — \ Cd Pi •3 CD * Pi £ -C 3 to 3 *. CD X cd o rH p p CD cd P cd CJ Pt,0 CO 7Z X CD S Ph bO P X . H P X i CD •H 3 p T3 *■ •H Pi ex. •> CD ^P •H •^ 3 X rH i — * O E 3 X 3 cd rH CO •H p cd U ZCIDO O P cd CJ CM & -H 3 to X O H -H «*H J) 3 ffi ffi •X3 C^-N bO »-H P P 3. cr H • • •••HO 5 CD O ^4-> - U QUE X - XE CJ P o CD rH K Cd CO CD CD CD p CD bO cm bO 3 •H rH to O CJ P CM^i P P H •H 3 O O OI « CD cd ,3 O O CD O X P P CD CJ -H - X c P P P * P > H Or-> CD p Z£ u to -rJ p E-h nd P o CD o o O «H » m to ^ CD H CD CD C •H Pi -H CH £ cd 2; 0 P «* cd O E P P 'H X5 H'rt-d i p P cd K P cd cd H *0, cd ^ •H cd 2= 'H cd 3 CD * CD rH CJ cd P CD T3 CM rH E U E p CM O £ x 2 o Q cd io rH 3 O - 3 - 3 •H - 3 cd O ^ o « - rrJV--. cd o cd Z to u -3 O «H CD K O O T3 2 #v OJ72 U5" O P >s •H X *> P CD o rH O O P X X •\ <^- X -o XOh CD bO bO 4-> O - P PL, > O PL, > a bO P o DC P T) CJ P P rH O O •h ^ o cd co •H P CO -H rH O •H Z CJ •H CD •H 3 »> •H r-l rH rH U(X P O P •H rH rH rH CD •» rH p CO cd O O cd * •vrd rt o Ti rt cd O cd »S •\ cd pu to cd cd cm P P P 3 ^ «CMc! rH P Pi rH P P 3 X CM u 3 CO O 3 P "X. P O o cro UO'H CD O -H O P o eye HC too cy u > ^ p rH Cd "H X cd o o B X o CD P 00 to Cd rH rH P P •H p CD P l/> Tj fl) P -H 2 o O £ tO rH U"> , — ^ ♦> O X p O CD p U HEX ' rH Cd cd p p 3 p to ft E P *~i N T) X P g 3 CD X Tj T •H O Cd -H > X -h cd xJ cd p rH rH O cd N p p -"d CNJ cd • H (0 - »H g cd -h to p rH X> ftO jD to Tj o •H Jh • CD cd o o cd CD X » U •H P T3 "d CD m > <4H CD X cd O to CrC rH <~H ,P rH ^ Cd rH CD -H P cd ftT} P -H U cd ^— ' p - ■P rH rH o to CD U O CO ,Q cd P P CD •H •p O P • •H I 13^ rH P ft P u g «H CD rH p ft W> cd cd i cd cd P cd nd rH o "CJ rQ -H t-l rn X rH p Cd P P -H -H X O cd CD o cd cd CD p .£> P P P HHHrCIX PUT3 y-> to o -h cr cd •H rH 6 u cd p +-> to u Cd CD r— \ r~ \ CO LO o 1 rH tO rH Cd -H Q P-rH CNJ H rH u u pi, cd cd Ph m o o o VD O P O O CNl to CD •H 'P P p m p o CO rH u •H tO < *P P U -H CD ^2 ft ft>~N :d cd (0 of iles abilit to p p CD ft CO •H tJ P CD U P <4_| rH -H P c P rn CO rH P CD < cd .P p P ft •H to CD to <^ ft o P £ S P •H CD P CD ^ H < ft ft <■ — \ i — \/ — \ ^ cd X> U to +J P cd M to P •H P X CD P O P m o o V M Oi P 1 •H u > i> o hH X r-l to CD CD rH rH rQ rd cd cd H H CD •H P cd rH o > <+H o X p P o P •H o p p cd CD p 6 •H 6 ** P e CD p P •H CD •• P •d to CD rH rH rH Cd CD cd P to (J CD •h e «\ p CD X Q> P rH O •H cd cd to P P Jh < -p cd II C-6 > € P> H H- ct Pi P o rt> s fD c+ (D O 4 O H o Subsection II C-l AIR QUALITY AND SURFACE METEOROLOGY Under the lease stipulations, air quality data are required over at least 90% of the lease year at four stations, one of which is at (or as near as practicable) the expected point of maximum concentrations. Sulfur dioxide, hydrogen sulfide, and suspended particulates are required to be monitored at all stations. Hydrocarbons , oxides of nitrogen "and other pollutants" are also required to be monitored as directed by the Mining Supervisor. Table II C-l summarizes the types of data to be obtained at the 5 air quality trailer locations. Trailers 020 through 023 became operational in September 1974; trailer 024 became operational in October 1974. Thus, the required air quality monitoring system was completely operational as of 1 November 1974. Subcontractor (Radian Corp.) data reports for air quality and low altitude meteorology have been furnished through September 1974 as of the cutoff date of 30 November 1974 for this quarterly progress report; subsequent data will be presented in later progress reports . Table/Fig. No. Description Page Figure II C-l Air Quality and Meteorological Stations This map shows the locations of the II C-9 5 air quality trailers and the meteorological tower. Trailers 020, 021, and 022 are located in the Piceance Creek basin at Redd Ranch, Rock School and the Gerald Oldland Ranch respec- tively; trailers 023 and 024 are on the tract at the meteorological tower and on the ridge between Cottonwood and Sorghum Gulches respectively. Table II C-5 Air Quality Summary, Trailer 020 II C-.10 This table summarizes air quality data maxima for the month of September, 1974. Data for trailers 021, 022, 023 follow. Table II C-6 Trailer 021 ll c"13 Table II C-7 Trailer 022 IT c"12 Table II C-8 Trailer 023 n C"15 II C-7 Table/Fig. No. Description Page Table II C-9 Analytical Determination of, II C-14 Volatile Trace Metals This table summarizes the data of reference 4. Basic air quality data are presented in references 1 and 4 at the end of this section for September 1974. * II C-8 m?i$m www w^m '■ -, /fi --v ^ -■- »/ ^r ' /" «•■ FIGURE II C-l AIR QUALITY & METEOROLOGICAL STATION LOCATION! 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P O P P CD CU P ,C CD 03 P e s CU to CD W> crj P rH ^ P crj O S ,P u •H H O .P P» > X 03 P < O • +J >^ P P -H P O nd P CD cd m 6 CD CD P r>J O P " o to Px P 03 O > P. crj O > p O P P o u o u lo CD to s CD XI p p M) CD P P U -H O P to -H O P P O X) t3 ^ to CD O P p CO •H -H ,0 Td p P CD U CTJ P 'H CD 6 a> "J o p to crj rd Z to to U P CD H O ' H e CD > O 2; .. p CD P P -H crj O W) to P P • H «H rH rH PU PU 6 e crj crj co co II C-M tr1 o > H c+ H- c+ ^ s n> e+ (D O O I-1 o TO Subsection II C-2 LOW ALTITUDE METEOROLOGY The lease stipulations require a meteorological tower to be established in reasonable proximity to the plant site to monitor, at least 95?0 of the time, wind direction and wind speed at three levels, one at least 100 feet above the surface, one at approximately 30 feet and one at an intermediate level. Temperature is required at two levels, one at least 100 feet above the surface and one at approximately 30 feet. Humidity is required at one level. As indicated on Table II C-l low altitude meteorological tower data are obtained at 8', 30', 100' and 200' for wind direction and speed relative humidity, and temperature. Barometric pressure and daytime solar radiation are obtained at ground level. Temperature differences are obtained between the 30 feet and 100 feet levels and between the 30 feet and 200 feet levels. Basic low altitude meteorological data are contained in ref. 1 through September 1974 (as for air quality) . II C-15 ■ I i Subsection II C-3 UPPER AIR STUDIES There are no requirements in the lease stipulations for upper air •studies. They are required in conditions of approval from the Mining Supervisor. Two winds-aloft and temperature profiles per day to altitudes of 6000 feet above the tract are required for a minimum of 15 days per quarter. Data for this reporting period were obtained by E G § G consultants for the wind and temperature profiles during the 15 day period from October 1 - 15, 1974. Winds aloft were obtained from pibal releases at the meteorological tower; temperatures aloft were obtained via an instrumented aircraft. Basic data of the types indicated in Table II C-4 are presented at the end of this section in references 2 and 3 by the E G § G Environmental Consultants. In addition to the above instrumentation, an acoustic sounder was installed (but not required) at the meteorological tower location by Wm. Marlatt and Assoc, (consultants) on December 7, 1974 and became operational as of 2 January 1975. It will be used to assist in assessing atmospheric stability by determination of the height and time-extent of unstable layers and stable layers, including inversions. II C-16 Subsection II C-3 VISIBILITY There are no visibility requirements in the lease stipulations; site visibility measurement are required in the conditions for approval by the Mining Supervisor. A joint proposal request with the C-a tract is currently being prepared . II C-17 o w tr fD O kibsection II C-A ATMOSPHERIC DIFFUSION STUDIES There are no requirements in the lease stipulations for atmospheric diffusion studies. Conditions for approval from the Mining Supervisor require X/Q estimates for 24-hour and 3-hour averages. These studies will be initiated at a future date when stack emission data become available. II C-1S CD P^T"V ^TT ~\q 3®D3DPffiDasffirQ©Da RC#100-056 AIR MONITORING REPORT FOR ATLANTIC RICHFIELD COMPANY SEPTEMBER 1974 Report No. 1 20 November 1974 Presented to: Atlantic Richfield Company Suite 555, Two Park Central 1515 Arapahoe Street Denver, Colorado 80202 Attn: Mr. Max Legatski Prepared by. Radian Staff 500 Shoal Crock Bivd./P.O. Box 9948/Auctin, Texas 70766/(512)454-4797 8500 E££&D2'Q/&D3 caK^o^ATrEON TABLE OF CONTENTS Page I. GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF AIR MONITORING PROGRAM... 1 II. DESCRIPTION OF INSTRUMENT SYSTEMS 3 A. Air Quality Instrumentation 3 B. Calibration Procedures 4 C. Data Acquisition System 6 D. Meteorological Instrumentation 7 IV. OPERATING TIME ANALYSIS FOR EACH SITE 16 V. METEOROLOGICAL SUMMARY 22 A. Summary of the Major Features of the General Circulation Affecting Western Colorado 22 B. Micrometeorology of the Tract C-b Region. ... 30 VI. DATA PRESENTATION AND SUMMARIES 34 II C-20 E2£<\KJDE££4l?3 CORPORATION I. GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF AIR MONITORING PROGRAM Radian Corporation is under contract to Atlantic Richfield Company to provide ambient air quality monitoring. Each site mea- sures and records the concentration of particulates, sulfur dioxide, and hydrogen sulfide. In addition, two of the sites record the amounts of nitrogen oxides, total hydrocarbon, methane, ozone, and carbon monoxide. Selected meteorological parameters such as wind speed, wind direction, temperature, and rainfall are monitored at each station. A 200-foot meteorological tower at one of the sites provides meteorological information as a function of height. II C-21 \ liJjiurii •'■ .-2- II C - 2 2 E?2£&E2!!!£3.D<3 corporaveon II. DESCRIPTION OF INSTRUMENT SYSTEMS • A. Air Quality Instrumentation Nitrogen oxides are measured with a Meloy Model NA520 analyzer. This dual-channel analyzer is based on the chemilu- minescent principle, and continuously monitors both NO and NO. A subtraction circuit in the instrument provides a continuous NO2 output, but is not used in Radian's system. N02 is cal- culated once a second by the computer by subtracting the NO value from the NO value, thus avoiding any drift which might occur in the NO2 output of the instrument. This instrument has a maximum detectable sensitivity of 5 ppb (parts per billion) , and a linearity of 1%. Both sulfur dioxide and hydrogen sulfide are measured with Meloy Model SA185 sulfur analyzers. The hydrogen sulfide analyzer uses a Meloy Model S0r-1 sulfur dioxide scrubber and the sulfur dioxide analyzer uses a Meloy Model H2S-1 hydrogen sulfide scrubber. The Model SA185 is a continuous analyzer, and utilizes the flame photometric principle of operation. The minimum detect- + able sensitivity is 5 ppb, and the linearity is -1%. Ozone is measured with a Meloy Model OA350 analyzer. This instrument provides continuous measurement of ozone, and is based on the chemiluminescent principle. The minimum detectable sensitivity is 0.5 ppb and the linearity is 1%. Total hydrocarbons, methane, and carbon monoxide are monitored with a Bendix Model 8200 gas chromatograph analyzer. This instrument uses a piti&e ionization detector and has a minimum detectable sensitivity of 5 ppb for all three components . The Model 8200 works on a five-minute cycle, i.e., one air sample is analyzed every five minutes. -3- II C-23 EE£l\EDflZ&ECI corporation The air sample is drawn in through a glass cane and manifold supplied by the Ace Glass Company. The system has a 25mm diameter, and a constant air flow through the system is provided by an air pump rated at 60 cfm at 0" head pressure. The manifold has sampling ports to which V' teflon lines to the instruments are connected. All joints in the sampling system are secured by 0-ring compression fittings. The manifold is contained in a heated (100 F) chamber to prevent condensation of moisture. The teflon lines from the manifold to the instru- ments are insulated with 1/8" wall thickness rubber tubing. The trailer has four heavy duty high volume particulate samplers (Hi-Vols) . Fiberglass filter paper is used for collec- tion of particulate samples, and each filter is brought to a controlled humidity before weighing. Each Hi-Vol has a flow recorder to permit correction for changes in air flow as the filter becomes loaded with particulates. Each Hi-Vol runs for a 24-hour period (midnight to midnight) , and is turned on and off by the computer. The Hi-Vols were designed following guidelines recommended by the Environmental Protection Agency and were manufactured by Radian. B. Calibration Procedures Each trailer contains a Meloy Model RAD-1 calibration unit. This instrument provides a zero air supply, SCK span gas from an S02 permeation tube, and MO span gas obtained by pre- cisely diluting bottled NO span gas. The calibration of all in- struments is automatically performed once a day, and is controlled by the computer. Each instrument is first switched to zero, and the computer monitors the output of each channel and takes a new zero reading after a stable zero signal has been reached. This zero reading is compared by the computer to the zero reading -4- II C-24 E2J&B2n£&&3 coKPonavioN obtained 24 hours before, and if a drift in excess of lOppb has occurred, an excess zero drift light for the channel in question is turned on on the System Status Panel. Next, span gas is supplied to each channel and the computer decides when a stable span value has been reached. This value is recorded and compared to the pre- vious day's value. An excess span drift light on the System Status Panel is turned on if a drift exceeding lOppb occurs. The instruments are then returned to the monitor mode, and after two minutes the computer resumes data taking. The bottled NO gas used at each site was obtained from Precision Gas Products. Pre-purified grade hydrogen is used in the S02 analyzers. The SO2 permeation tubes were manufactured by Metronics Association, Inc. Their output has been verified by comparison to the output of National Bureau of Standards tube 10-42. Both SA185 analyzers in each trailer are calibrated with SO2 from the permeation tube. This instrument responds to the number of sulfur atoms per molecule, thus SO2 can be used to calibrate both the H2S and S02 monitors The Model OA350 ozone analyzer has its own calibration system which provides a zero check and a span check. The ozone calibration system is verified by comparison to a calibrated ozone generator maintained in Radian's laboratory in Rifle. The Model 8200 total hydrocarbon, methane, and carbon monoxide analyzer is calibrated with undiluted span gas obtained from Airco ' s Rare and Specialty Gas Division. This span gas contains methane and carbon monoxide in air, the methane being used to calibrate both the total hydrocarbon channel and the methane channel. The Model 8200 is zeroed with air from a -5- II C-25 B££&B&0£&D3 corccsocrfOTEorsB Bendix Model 8834 zero air unit. In addition the instrument is electronically re-zeroed at the start of every five-minute cycle. The Hi-Vol particulate samplers were calibrated using a Calibration Kit from General Metal Works. C. Data Acquisition System The basis of the data acquisition system is a Data General NOVA 1200 minicomputer. The NOVA which has a basic cycle time of 1.2 ysec is equipped with automatic program load and power fail/automatic restart features. The computer utilizes 16K 16-bit words of core memory. Analog- to-digital conversion is accomplished via an ADC built by Radian Corporation. The input/output unit for the system is Texas Instrument's KSR 733 keyboard/printer. This model teletype provides keyboard entry and hard copy printed out- put. The data are also recorded on a cassette magnetic tape unit with three drives. The cassette unit is utilized for program storage and loading as well as recording. The power to the tele- type and cassette units is turned on only when the unit(s) is to be used to reduce wear on mechanical parts. Several important functions in the instruments as well as in the computer and the trailer are monitored by means of lights on a System Status Panel. These data lights are written onto cassette tape to monitor the complete status of the system every five minutes. The Data Acquisition System also monitors the presence of 110V power from the power lines. In its absence, the computer, which is powered by batteries, switches all trailer systems to battery-provided power. If the line voltage is restored before the batteries are discharged to a specified level, the trailer system is switched back to line power. -6- II C-26 II2i&E>I!£\C3 corporotbon D. Meteorological Instrumentation 1. Ambient Air Monitoring Trailers Four of the ambient air monitoring trailers are equipped with the following meteorological instrumentation: (1) dry bulb temperature (outside), (2) relative humidity, (3) wind direction, (4) wind speed, and (5) a tipping bucket, heated rain/snow gage. The temperature probe and relative humidity sensor are mounted in- side a motor aspirated radiation shield, the Model 1S6 Aspirated Radiation Shield by Weather Measure, which gives an aspiration of approximately 100 cfm. The wind instrumentation and temperature and relative humidity apparatus (in the aspirated radiation shield) are all mounted atop a 33-foot crank-up meteorological tower (the WM-33, by Weather Measure) at each of the four trailer sites. The wind instrumentation at the monitoring trailers consists of the Model W103/3L Lightweight Cup Anemometer by Weather Measure and the Model W104-2 Lightweight Vane by Weather Measure. The anemometer is a high response, low threshold wind system which offers the optimum in versatility and economy. For low threshold applications, a unique frictionless tachometer employing a high frequency oscillator and receiver is used to measure precisely wind speed. The oscillator, transmitter, and receiver are encapsulated in a small cube of epoxy for total protection against the environment. The high frequency tachometer embodies several distinct advantages over the commonly used light chopper systems. There are no light bulbs or photocells to burn out; power consumption is low; and the system is insensitive to moisture condensation or dust deposition. The solid state tachometer is essentially free from maintenance with a life of well over five years when operated continuously. The specifications of the W103 Cup Anemometer are as follows: -7- I] C-27 B3/&EDBA&3 CORPORATBON Accuracy: ± 1% or .15 mph, whichever is greater. Bearings: Sealed and shielded precision stainless steel. Threshold: 0.6 miles per hour Distance Constant: 5 feet The wind vane, the W104-2, is equipped with a 1000 ohm low torque potentiometer and two wipers for 0 to 540 operations. The response characteristics of this vane are: Dead Bank: 0 degrees Damping Ratio: 0.4 Distance Constant: 3.5 feet Threshold: 0.75 miles per hour Potentiometer Linearity: 0.57o The thermistor probe used in the motor aspirated radia- tion shields is the Model T621-TP18X Air Temperature Premium - Thermistor Probe by Weather Measure. This probe has a range of -50°C to +50°C and an interchangeability of ± 0.055°C. The out- put signal accuracy is ± 0.3°F. The relative humidity sensor is the Model 2013 Remote Reading Relative Humidity System by Texas Electronics. The sensor assembly contains a newly-developed hygroscopic inorganic sensing o II C-28 E3Z&E2Q£!M corporation element. Its expansion and contraction positions the suspended core of a linear variable differential transformer (LVDT) . The absence of friction inducing linkages and wiping contacts minimizes hysteresis and improves accuracy. The LVDT output signal, when processed, is directly proportional to relative humidity. The specifications of this instrument are as follows: • Range of Indication: 0% to 100% RH Response: The sensor response time to a step change of 10% in relative humidity is less than 2 minutes with the sensor exposed to moving air. Accuracy: 5% - 15% RH 15% - 95% RH 95% -100% RH ± 5% RH ± 2% RH ± 3% RH Signal Output: Analog signal of -150 mv. to +150 mv. with electrical zero at 50%, RH is standard. Each of the four monitoring trailers is equipped with a Model P511-E Remote Recording Heated Snow Gage by Weather Measure. In the case of this gage, the durability and reliability of a tipping bucket gage are combined with heavy-duty electric heaters to make this an all-purpose precipitation sensor. This gage may be used to measure snowfall and rainfall. An insulating cover of poly-vinyl chloride and a thermostatic control insure the proper gage temperature. The thermostatic control is adjus- table from 0 to 35°C. Snow falling into the inlet funnel is melted. The resulting water (from rain or snow) drains into a precision tipping bucket mechanism which activates a mercury switch each time the bucket fills and tips. The gage is constructed II C--29 E2jC&EDH£uR2 CCRPOROTfON of durable corrosion-resistant materials to provide many years of service. The specifications of this gage are as follows: Orifice: 8 inches Calibration: 0.01 inch Accuracy: 0.5% (Calibrated at 0.5 in/hr) Sensor: Chrome plated tipping buckets Switch: Mercury, 0.1 second closure Heat Control: Thermostat adjustment, 0 to 35°C. 2 • 200-Foot Meteorological Tower The tower has instrumentation at four levels: 8 feet, 35 feet, 100 feet, and 200 feet. At all four levels, there are: wind speed, wind direction, and temperature and relative humidity sensors in a power aspirated radiation shield. Temperature dif- ference thermistors (also in power aspirated radiation shields) and their associated circuitry take lapse rate measurements for the 35-foot to 100-foot layer and the 35-foot to 200-foot layer. In addition, this site has a Precision Spectral Pyranometer, a barometer, and a tipping bucket rain/snow gage. The wind direction and speed apparatus used at each measurement level of the tower is the Model 1074-2 wind sensor by Meteorological Research, Inc. (MRI) . This sensor has a 540 potentiometer for wind direction and a light chopper for wind speed. This sensor is rugged, with an all-weather coaxial cup and -lO- II C-30 E8Z&E£H£&C<3 corporation damped vane assembly. The prototype model has been in operation for years under the most demanding weather conditions, performing continuously with the utmost reliability. All of the wind sensors on the tower have been specially treated with a black paint which will promote warming of the exposed surfaces of the sensor and thereby reduce ice and snow accumulations on the moving parts of the apparatus. The specifications on the Model 1074-2 are as follows : Wind Speed Starting Threshold: 0.75 mph Response Distance: 18 feet (637o recovery) • Flow Coefficient: 7.9 feet/Revolution Accuracy: ± 0.4 mph or 1% (whichever is greater) Range: 0-100 mph Wind Direction Starting Threshold: 0.75 mph Delay Distance: 4 feet (50% recovery) Damping Ratio: 0.5 to 0.6 Accuracy (540° system): ±1% • Range: 0° to 540° -11- II C-31 E33£&G29£&&3 corporation The relative humidity and temperature sensors are mounted within a power aspirated radiation shield at .each tower level. All aspirators and sensors are of the Model 840 Series by MRI . The aspirated shielded housing is designed to provide maximum radiation protection to the sensor. Ambient air is drawn into the shield and across the sensors at approximately 15 feet per second. This intake air is essentially sampled from a hemispherical space which is approximately 3-inch radius from the tube opening. Speed of the incoming air at the periphery of this hemisphere is approximately 1 mph. The temperature sensor is comprised of a dual thermistor and resistor network. This circuit provides a linear resistance change with an air temperature change. The relative humidity sensor is placed alongside the temperature elements inside the shield where it is exposed to a constant flow of air. Circulation to both sides of the sensing element produces accurate monitoring with a good response time. The specifications on the sensing ele- ments are as follows : Temperature • Accuracy: ± 0.25°C • Range: -50°C to +50°C Humidity • Accuracy: ± 3.0% RH • Range: 07o to 1007o Relative Humidity Measurements of temperature difference are taken for two layers, the 35-foot to 100-foot layer and the 35-foot to 200-foot -12- II C-32 C5£3kE>[!/21lA3 coRPORflTiow layer. The thermistors and circuitry used for these measurements are separate from the thermistors measuring air temperature. The use of separate thermistors and circuitry to measure AT allows for much greater accuracy and resolution in the measurements, which is necessary for stability assessments. Two AT thermistors are at the 35-foot level, one is at the 100-foot level, and one is at the 200-foot level. All of these AT thermistors are mounted within power aspirated radiation shields. The specifications on the AT instrumentation are as f ollows : Accuracy: ± 0.1 C Range of AT Circuit (Lower Level-Upper Level) : +4 F to -8 F All instrumentation, except at the ground level, is mounted at the end of 12-foot retractable booms. These booms are 3- inch box beams which are on rollers and can be retracted to the instrument platforms for instrument maintenance. The meteorological tower itself is a 200-foot Rohn Model 80 Guyed Tower, designed for 40 pounds per square foot wind load with %" of radial ice per EIA Standard RS-222-B, to support four levels of meteorological equipment. The material consists of tower sections with a tapered base, three retractable booms 12-feet long, three outside work platforms, an inside ladder for climbing, two base ground kits and one anchor ground kit. The cable-type Safety Climbing Device consists of a cable and attach- ment mechanisms with a locking sleeve and safety belt. The tower is lighted and painted according to FAA specifications. The signals from the tower instrumentation are fed from multiple signal cables into transmitters mounted at the base of -13- II C-33 Ei$/&E2SB£iR9 c©EiE*asm,D,EC'Pi the tower. After signals have been converted to analog signals, they are fed into a junction box, also at the tower base, where they are assimilated into one coaxial cable. The signals are then run underground within 3" PVC conduit to the A-to-D assembly, where they are processed. The transmitters are shielded and insulated from the elements. The signal cable is run underground in PVC conduit in order to minimize damage from the weather or various rodents in the region. The auxiliary equipment at the tower site consists of a heated tipping bucket rain/snow gage, an analog barometer, and a Precision Spectral Pyranometer. The rain/snow gage is the Model P511-E unit by Weather Measure, with characteristics and specifi- cations as described in Section 1. The barometer is the B242 Analog Output Barometer by Weather Measure. This barometer provides an output voltage that is linearly proportional to pressure. The. specifications on this instrument, which is mounted inside the monitoring trailer at the site, are as follows: Range: Specially designed for the 100 millibar interval from 725 millibars to 825 millibars. Resolution: Infinite Linearity: ± 0.5 millibar, over the 100 millibar interval The pyranometer at the site is the Eppley Precision Spectral Pyranometer. This instrument is used for the measure- ment of sun and sky radiation totally or in defined wavelength bands. The pyranometer is levelled and mounted atop a wooden stand 4% feet from the ground surface. Care has been taken to -14- II C-34 B2Z&G3>B£&E\I cor-TB*OKf/tTEOM eliminate the effects from all outside influences, such as reflection or shadows, on the pyranometer. The instrument characteristics are as follows: Sensitivity: 5 mv. per cal/cm?/min Independence: 300 ohms Temperature dependence: Sensitivity constant to within ± 1 percent over the ambient tem- perature range from -20 to +40°C Linearity: Response linear up to intensities of 4 cal/cm2/min Response Time: 1 second (i/e signal) All instrumentation is factory calibrated and is field- calibrated at various intervals. Sling psychrometers are used to calibrate the humidity sensors, known temperatures and/or resistances are used to calibrate the thermistors, and an rpm calibrating unit is used to calibrate the anemometers. The wind direction instrumentation is aligned to true north (reference direction) by means of a surveyor's transit. -15- II C-35 B5£&E&n£?v!?£ caR^arem-EON IV. OPERATING TIME ANALYSIS FOR EACH SITE This section presents operating statistics for each of the major subsystems contained in each of the monitoring stations Table II shows the specific number of hours that each of these subsystems was inoperative for the month. The column labeled "COMPUTER" indicates the entire data acquisition system, and therefore means total loss of data. These instances include, in addition to computer downtime, power failures, no power available, and self-automated shutdown periods such as during air conditioner malfunctions. The amount of time used in calibra- ting the instruments is listed separately and is not included in the downtime hours. The times shown in the table are approximate and require a judgment of the station operators as to the exact time of system malfunction in most instances. . -16- II C-36 to o T * ^5? II a." 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CO cr r> c r UJ £ h- -2 j5 O c a: 3 O . * f « • t t < e c < i t t t * < < e t t\ c t c t c c < t- < i • « O <\' CV CV CV CV CV CM OJ CO CY CV CM CM CV C\ CM CM CM CV CV CV CM CM CV CV CM CV CM CV CM C_> f_ ,m ^ ri w ^-i vv ^i ^h «h ^ w cv: (\J ^ W C\ a t\,' OvJ OJ >o c o. o o oi o> o cr. c^ o, en a o^ ct; o-. ct; cr. o; ct. a. Oi a' o-i a. a oi oi o, c- cr. C7/ c\i cs cr LU -21- II C-41 |]2£&EBn£&n3 cc*rsE»»rmTnioM V. METEOROLOGICAL SUMMARY A. Summary of the Major Features of the • General Circulation Affecting Western Colorado The domination of the upper air flow pattern by merid- ional characteristics which existed during August continued into the month of September over the North American continent. The long-wave circulation alternated between meridional and zonal flow throughout the month, with each regime lasting for a period of about five days. However, the periods of large amplitude in the long-waves were dominant in relation to the mean circulation pattern. The mean position of the axis of the long-wave trough during September was located through the central part of North America as it was during the month of August. This circulation pattern produced below normal temperatures and above normal pre- cipitation from the Rocky Mountains eastward to the Appalachians. Rainfall was slightly above normal and temperatures were slightly below normal along the Atlantic Coast. Temperatures were above normal and precipitation was below normal in western North America because of the persistence of the upper ridge in that region. However, the southwestern United States was an exception to the generally dry conditions in the west because of a succes- sion of cold-core low pressure areas aloft which cut off from the main flow and settled over Arizona. These cutoff lows in com- bination with an abundance of moist air at high altitudes off the Pacific Ocean resulted in copious amounts of rainfall in Arizona, New Mexico, and the western half of Texas during September. El Paso, Texas, for instance, had measurable pre- cipitation on 12 days during September, with a total rainfall for the month of 6.68 inches, which is 5.52 inches above normal. -22- II C-42 E3£^n32i3£&D3 ccriu»oi^A\-coM September also produced two powerful hurricanes , Carmen and Fifi. Hurricane Carmen achieved landfall south of New Orleans, Louisiana, during the evening of September 7th. Hurricane Fifi had a landfall near Belize in Central American on September 19th. How- ever Fifi eventually meandered through Central American into the Pacific Ocean, where it regenerated into Pacific Hurricane Orlene. Orlene then tracked northward toward the Baha Peninsula and was eventually partly responsible for the heavy rains in the south- western United States on September 22nd, 23rd, and 24th, as its moisture became entrained in the subtropical jet stream which traveled over the Pacific Ocean and then over Mexico, New Mexico, and Texas . Meteorological events on September 1st centered on the meridional flow enveloping North America. A strong blocking ridge was centered off British Columbia, while a large amplitude trough extended from Hudson's Bay to Oregon. A strong cold front, featur- ing several surface waves, extended on a northwest- southeast line through Colorado. The blocking ridge aloft began to weaken on September 2nd and the entire long-wave trough began to move east- ward rapidly as the next long-wave trough in the hemispherical flow pattern dug southeastward at 150 W latitude. The surface continental polar cold front strengthened at this time and pushed westward over the Tract C-b region during the morning, bringing much cooler tem- peratures to the area. By September 3rd, the polar front jet stream had weakened considerably and the long-wave trough axis had moved eastward to a position at 90 W latitude. Correspondingly, the long-wave ridge in western North America also weakened considerably. As a result, the plateau region of Colorado had mild, fair weather and light winds with a warming trend beginning to develop in the area. -23- II C-43 ESZ&EB>D£AM corporation September 4th featured the weakening of all of the prominent weather systems in North America. The long-wave trough, which was still centered along 90 W, weakened further as did the ridge in the west. Mild, fair weather and light winds continued at Tract C-b because of the subsiding air aloft and the gradually weakening surface pressure gradient. By September 5th, the upper circulation showed definite zonal tendencies. However, a strong short-wave in the northern Rockies was digging through what re- mained of the long-wave ridge at this time. The maritime polar cold front associated with this short-wave trough moved rapidly through Colorado during the day, cooling temperatures slightly and causing a few showers which were mostly orographic in nature. On September 6th the short-wave began to dig into the long-wave trough position over central North America after hav- ing passed through the ridge position. The 500-millibar flow was basically weak. A weak surface high pressure area was centered over northern Arizona, causing warm temperatures, light winds, and generally fair skies in western Colorado. September 7th brought little change in the meteorological conditions at the Tract C-b. The weak surface high was now centered over central Colorado and ridging aloft was building northward into the state. Skies remained clear and temperatures were warm, much above normal for the time of year. Because of the weak pressure gradient, winds remained light and orographic wind systems (valley and mountain circulations) were well developed. On September 8th, a weak, zonal 500-millibar flow pre- vailed over North America with slight 'ridging over the plateau region. A surface high was again centered in Colorado. Tempera- tures were well above normal with some orographic showers over the Rocky Mountains to the east; winds were fairly light. September 9th was a continuation of the zonal pattern over North -24- II C-44 E3^E£H£?.Ia3 COBlPOElftTTCOFl America. Temperatures were once again well above normal through- out western Colorado. Scattered showers continued to dot the region. A weak surface low began to develop in the vicinity of Grand Junction. September 10th signaled an end to the zonal flow of the previous few days as a strong short-wave began to dig over the northwestern coast of the United States. The developing surface low of the previous day was stationary over western Colorado and eastern Utah. A strong continental polar cold frontal system began to organize in northern Montana. The extremely hot weather continued over western Colorado, but the showers became more numerous and the surface winds increased in strength as the low deepened . September 11th saw rapid changes occur in the long-wave pattern. The short-wave continued to dig southward in the western United States, as lee cyclogenesis took place in southeastern Colorado. In conjunction with the digging trough, a long-wave ridge began to build northward upstream around 130 W. The sur- face low over western Colorado remained intact and was fairly strong (996 millibars) . The cold front over the northwestern United States advanced steadily southeastward, passing through the Tract C-b region during the late afternoon. This frontal passage brought showers and thunder shower s , a sharp drop in temperatures, and strong winds to the area. By September 12th the upper flow was strongly meridional, with the long-wave ridge continuing to build in the Gulf of Alaska and the long-wave trough amplifying over the plateau states. The cessation of positive vorticity advection over the region during the early morning hours resulted in clear skies during the remainder of the day, but tem- peratures were nevertheless much lower than those of the preceding day because of the continuing cold air advection. Winds diminished in strength during the day. -25- II C-45 E3£&E2>n£&[?>3 corporation On September 13th another short -wave trough dug south- ward into the long-wave trough position over western North America. However, the short-wave trough had the effect of tilt- ing the mean long-wave trough axis to a southwest-northeast line. Also, the vorticity from this system hung back over Nevada and Utah as the rest of the long-wave moved eastward slightly. The development was the beginning of the first of a series of cold-core cutoff lows over the southwestern United States. Cloudiness and a few showers also returned to western Colorado because of this system. Temperatures on the 13th moderated some- what from the cool temperatures of the preceding day. Winds were generally light and variable. By September 14th, a cold low aloft had formed over northeastern Nevada. As a result, cloudiness and showers were widespread over the western half of Colorado and all of Utah. Temperatures were mild and the winds were light and variable. On the 15th of September the 500-millibar low was over northern Arizona. Widespread rains continued over Colorado, as temperatures varied little from those of the 14th and light winds prevailed because of a weak surface pressure gradient. By September 16th the low aloft had moved northeastward to the vicinity of Grand Junction and had filled slightly. There- fore, the rains and cloudiness decreased somewhat in western Colorado, although showers and thundershowers were still scattered around the region during the afternoon. Temperatures remained mild and winds remained light. On September 17th, the upper ridge which had extended from California to British Columbia during the pre- ceding three days weakened as a short-wave pushed over it and be- gan to drop into the central part of North America. The weak cyclonic circulation aloft remained over the southwestern United States, centered over central Arizona. A few cumulonimbus clouds -26- II C-46 E8£31OTZ-lft3 coKf»c^tnvioN # were scattered over the area during the afternoon. A warming trend began to effect the region, although winds were still rather light. On September 18th another strong short-wave pushed through the long-wave ridge and dug into Alberta, Canada. The weak cutoff low circulation retrograded slightly to southwestern Arizona. Temperatures continued their warming trend and cloudiness decreased somewhat over the Tract C-b region. The cutoff remained stationary over Arizona on the 19th, but the upper flow pattern became more meridional as a ridge built northward in the Gulf of Alaska and a strong short-wave trough dug southward just east of the Rockies. Although a small surface low developed in eastern Utah, skies were clear throughout northwestern and west central Colorado. Winds were generally light. On September 20th the strong meridional flow pattern continued, with a ridge in the Gulf of Alaska and a long-wave trough through central North America. The now strengthening stationary cold low aloft was centered over extreme southwestern Arizona. A cold front eased through the area from the east dur- ing the late afternoon but affected temperatures only minimally; the main effects of the front being a drying of the air and a shifting of the winds to a northerly direction. Skies remained clear throughout the day. The low aloft over the southwestern United States drifted southward into Mexico and filled slightly on the 21st and the meridional nature of the upper circulation over North America continued on this day. Western Colorado was clear and warm because of the subsiding air from the upper ridge to the west. Local circulations (anabatic and katabatic flows) were well developed on the 21st. On September 22nd the cold cutoff low over southwestern Arizona strengthened once again as cold air was advected into it. -27- II C-47 R£&B&n£&&9 CORPORATION Meridional flow continued over North America as the long-wave trough axis progressed eastward to a position through the Ohio River Valley. Meanwhile, the remains of Atlantic Hurricane Fifi, which had slammed into Belize in Central America three days earlier, reorganized into Pacific Hurricane Orlene and moved northward toward the Baja Peninsula. Generally, partly cloudy skies prevailed over western Colorado on this day, with warm temperatures, light winds , and a few showers scattered over the region. The generally meridional long-wave pattern progressed slightly eastward on September 23rd. The low aloft remained stationary over southwestern Arizona and a small surface low and weak lee trough began to develop over northeastern Colorado. This troughing action shifted the winds to a northwesterly direction during the afternoon, in western Colorado, but the wind speeds remained low. Skies were clear throughout the area except for a few orographic showers and temperatures were mild at the Tract C-b. Several large-scale changes occurred on September 24th. The cutoff low over Arizona weakened, as did the entire meridional pattern over North America. However, a strong short-wave in the Gulf of Alaska began to work its way through the long-wave ridge off the western coast of Canada. Scattered cloudiness and a few showers returned to western Colorado, but temperatures re- mained warm. Winds increased in speed somewhat. By September 25th the long-wave pattern became zonal across the United States. However, the strong short-wave continued its southeastward pro- gression through British Columbia. Scattered cloudiness, a few showers, mild temperatures, and generally light winds prevailed over western Colorado. -28- II C-48 E££k.E£[1Z&L\] cottPorcrnTejEsa A zonal flow pattern existed over North American on September 26th. The cold low aloft which had persisted over the southwestern United States for the past twelve days was finally ejected northeastward into Oklahoma by the strong short-wave in the northwest, which had reached the Washington coast. A strong maritime polar cold front organized along the northwestern United States-Canada border. Meteorological conditions in the Tract C-b region changed little from those of the previous day, with partly cloudy skies, scattered afternoon showers, light winds, and mild temperatures in the area. Rapid changes occurred on September 27th. The strong short-wave dug southward over the west central United States as a strong maritime polar cold front rushed through the Inter- mountain region of the western United States. The cold front passed through the Tract C-b region during the late morning, causing scattered showers, strong northwesterly winds, some blowing dust, and much cooler temperatures. Skies cleared by sunset. By September 28th the short-wave and cold frontal system had continued to move southeastward rapidly and had reached the central section of North America. Surface and upper ridging affected western Colorado, causing freezing temperatures (during the night), clear skies, and diminishing northwesterly winds. A broad long-wave troughing pattern enveloped North American on September 29th with several strong short-waves en- trenched in the flow. The jet stream and its baroclinicity re- treated northward to a Montana-South Dakota line. Subsiding air continued to affect western Colorado, causing clear skies, moderat- ing temperatures, light winds, and extremely dry conditions. The long-wave pattern became more zonal on September 30th as fast polar jet stream westerlies affected the northern sections of the United States. Meteorological conditions in the Tract C-b area changed -29- II C-49 E5n\E>D£uEv3 corporation little from those of the previous day, with continuing clear skies, light winds, mild temperatures, and very dry air. B . Micromcteorology of the Tract C-b Region The Piceance Creek Basin is subject to local circula- tions (anabatic and katabatic winds) of varying intensities through- out the year. These flows are best organized when clear skies and a weak pressure gradient prevail over the area, conditions which are rather common in western Colorado. During the night the higher elevations cool more rapidly than the valley floor, causing cold, dense air to collect and flow toward lower elevations. During the day the opposite effect occurs, in that the higher elevations re- ceive more direct insolation earlier in the day, causing them to warm more rapidly. The resultant density difference between the valley tops and valley floor causes an anabatic flow, with winds blowing up the valley floor and walls. Considering the Piceance Creek Basin and the three monitor- ing trailers located in this valley, the valley-mountain flow regime is very evident. Trailer 022 has the most eastern location of the three trailers in this valley and has the highest elevation above mean sea level. Trailer 021 is located at the western end of the valley and has the lowest elevation above mean sea level. Trailer 020 is intermediate in both location and elevation. These loca- tion and elevation differences cause micrometeorological effects to appear in the data as a result of the dominant anabatic-katabatic flow regime in the valley. For instance, considering the diurnal variations of wind speeds at these three trailers, winds are strongest (6 mph) on the average at Trailer 022 which has the highest elevation. Winds were -SO- ll C-50 E££1[M£&C\3 conpoRtf.-BON lightest on the average during September at Trailer 021, which is at the lower end of the valley. The diurnal wind speed distri- bution for these three trailers indicates that the katabatic (downslope) wind is strongest at Trailer 022 and weakest at Trailer 021. Conversely, the anabatic (upslope) wind is most strongly developed at Trailer 020 and equal in intensity at the other two trailers. That is, nighttime winds are strongest at Trailer 022 and weakest at Trailer 021. Daytime winds are strongest at Trailer 020. These winds have a profound influence on the temperatures experienced in all three locations. Trailer 022 has the highest mean temperatures. It is warmest at night because radiational cooling is inhibited by the relatively strong winds. Conversely, Trailer 021 has the lowest mean temperatures. This is because nighttime winds are lightest at this location, allowing excellent radiational cooling. Also, cool air from the eastern portions of the Piceance Creek valley drains into this area and settles, caus- ing colder nighttime readings. Moreover, daytime high temperatures are highest at Trailer 022 and lowest at Trailer 021. Temperatures in the valley during September generally averaged 53.5 F, with an average maximum temperature of 71 F and an average minimum of 37 F. The highest maximum temperature for September was 93 F at Trailer 020 on the 9th and the minimum was 14 F for the 30th at Trailer 021. Relative humidities during September averaged 50% in the valley. On a diurnal basis the average maximum relative humidity values of 75% occurred at 0800 hours. The average minimum values, about 28%, occurred at 1800 hours. The highest mean humidities occurred at Trailer 022 and the lowest mean humidities were at Trailer 021. Humidities of less than 157c, were common at Trailer 021 during the last half of September. -31- Ji C-51 03£^n/^IX3 CORP»OK«iTEO.P« The existence of a local circulation cell in this valley (anabatic-katabatic) is evident upon inspection of the wind direction data. Winds are generally east-southeasterly at all valley trailers during the night when the katabatic flow dominates and west-northwesterly during the day when the anabatic circula- tion takes effect. On days during September with well developed upslope-downslope flow characteristics winds were easterly (90° to 110 ) and downslope during the nighttime period from 1900 hours to 800 hours. The winds then went through a transition period for the next two hours, backing into the north and then into. the west-northwest (300 ) by 1000 hours. These anabatic winds usually prevailed until approximately 1800 hours, at which time they would abruptly veer to a northerly direction and then settle into an easterly direction, usually by 1900 hours, as the katabatic flow again took over. Conditions at the Tract C-b itself, up on the plateau, were somewhat different. In particular, the anabatic-katabatic circulation cell is not as well developed on the plateau. Also, the cooler air generally drains into the valley from the plateau, causing two main effects: (1) the depth of the ground-based radiation inversion is rather shallow (averaging slightly more than 100 feet in depth during September) , and (2) temperatures at night are not as low during radiational cooling nights as they are in the valley. Because the upslope-downslope flow does not effect the tract to the extent that it does the valley, wind directions on the plateau have a high frequency from the southwestern quadrant, in connection with the geostrophic flow (large-scale flow related to pressure gradients). In particular, the 200-foot level of the tower has a very high frequency of southwesterly, winds , even at night when the lower tower levels are enveloped by a ground-based radiation inversion and drainage flow. -32- II C-S2 D2£&Ki'iJ££ir3 con^orenTcoN Winds can be rather strong on the plateau and around the tower site. The highest hourly average wind speed recorded during September was 24 miles per hour on September 27th, as a strong cold front passed the area. Winds increased in speed with height dur- ing September, as was to be expected. The average wind speed at the 100- foot level for the month was 9 mph, higher than in the valley. The air was much drier on the plateau than in the valley (moisture occasionally becomes trapped in the valleys) during September. Humidities for the month averaged in the low 30' s. Mean temperatures for the month of September were slightly higher on the plateau than the valley. Daytime temperatures averaged about 2 degrees lower at the tower site then in the valley, but nighttime temperatures were about 5 F higher, with an average minimun temperature of 42 F and an average maximum of 69 F. The average temperature at 200 feet was 55°F, but the diurnal range of tempera- tures was smaller than at the lower tower levels. -33- TJ C-53 E3£M£>nniT3 cokposwmton VI. DATA PRESENTATION AND SUMMARIES This section provides summaries of all the data col- lected during this repoi-ting period. All data except particu- lates are sampled once each second, but recorded as five-minute arithmetic averages of the one- second sample. Particulates are determined as a twenty-four hour average. Table III displays the monthly statistics for each monitoring station for the month. To insure statistical sig- nificance, and to reduce the possibility of introducing a bias in the presentation, averages are computed only when at least 50 percent of the samples are present, except for relative humidity and temperature, in which case 75 percent of the samples are required. If less than the required samples are present for a particular parameter, that entry will be blank. The daily averages are displayed in Table IV. The averages in Tables III and IV are arithmetic averages except for wind speed and direction in which case a vector average is utilized. Table V presents the maximum five-minute average retained in the data base as well as time of occurrence. Table VI shows the five highest sliding averages of various pollutants for different averaging times. The averaging times are chosen to allow comparison to ambient air standards. To demonstrate the functional dependence of recorded parameters upon wind direction, Table VII shows pollutant con- centration displayed in a bi-variate distribution with wind direction. The tables display the total number of five-minute samples occurring in each concentration and wind speed class. The mean concentration for all samples occurring in each wind class are also shown. This distribution demonstrates the dependence of high pollutant concentrations upon wind direction. -34- II C-54 L3£3LG2n£!C<3 corporateqn Figures IV- 1 demonstrate the diurnal variation of all recorded parameters. The graphical presentation shows the average value for the month of the recorded parameter during each of the 24 hours of the day. To facilitate comparison of recorded concentrations to ambient air quality standards, the following regulations are presented. -35- II C-55 o gH P H vo P cr> P rH p p s e P t O « ^ rC O P U f^ 10 10 g 10 P5 P fi ro :•. 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O -6090. i 4o50.00 34. 10 4300. 00 3d33.d -b409.6 4950.00 34.50 5100.00 3453. 3 -6570. 0 5250.00 35.90 5 4d0. 00 3471.3 -6604.8 5550.00 36. 70 57dd.dd 3523. 3 -0739.2 5330.00 37.30 oOdd. 00 3714.^ -c.947.6 6130.00 37.80 63dd.dd 3954.3 -7096.5 6450. 00 3 8.40 6600.00 4d79. 8 -7261. 7 6750.00 39.20 bvOO.OO LJUMl> I No FUK fKALT C -14 AT 5 00 HJUKS 0 2 7 . 4 1.50 22.20 38.50 900.00 42 7.5 104 7.9 2.00 21.00 29.20 1200.00 769.5 2005.0 2.50 19.70 22.00 U500.00 1251.5 3+96.1 J. 00 20. 10 19. 70 1600.00 1727. 7 t/22.1 3.50 12. 50 Id. 20 2100.00 2444.3 5902.4 H.00 2 4. VO 17.40 2400.00 3224.5 6948.2 4.50 27.40 16. 70 2/00.00 4141.7 7 99 1 . 9 5.00 2d. 90 16.10 30 00.00 5023.2 9101.6 5.50 30.60 15.80 3300.00 593b. 6 10 040.5 6.00 32.00 15.40 3b 00. 0 0 6926.1 11006.7 P 6.50 33.20 15.20 3900.00 7860.2 12014.5 7.00 33.90 15. 10 4200.00 8682.1 12^23.4 7.50 34.50 14.90 4500.00 9579.5 13941.6 3. 00 35.00 14. 80 4800. 00 10420. b 14885. 9 0.50 35.50 14.60 5100.00 11370.1 15V44.2 9.00 3 5.60 14.50 5400.00 12155.3 L69 82.5 9.50 35. dO 14.40 5700.00 12986.5 IdOlO. 7 10.00 35.^0 14.30 6000. 00 13636.1 19192. o 10.50 -. 3 5.40 14. 10 ulOO.OO 14529. b 2O-t50.2 11.00 35.10 13.80 6600.00 15451.1 21V90. 1 11.50 34.00 13.80 6900. OU 16032.8 23073. y 12.00 3 5.00 13.70 7200.00 16941.4 2h200.3 VLL0C1TY mlAUHMG -MPH- -Uco.- 5.74 9.24 11. 19 23.10 35.62 29.89 31.38 29.65 31.53 32.21 29.7 7 32.7 3 2V.92 27.35 30.35 2d. 74 32.31 29.59 30.05 30.65 35. 06 40. 78 2 7.96 32.90 3.40 22.6b 31.32 19.66 17.91 21.22 31.2b 36. U o 260.70 61.10 300.00 -163.5 -26.9 l. 00 280.00 62.40 600.00 -->O0.J 58.5 1.50 2 91.00 63.30 VOO.OO -423.0 161.9 -^■.00 296.60 64.60 1200.00 -'J 10.0 254.3 2,50 3C1.30 68.30 1500.00 -510. 7 309.8 i,00 307.00 71.60 1800.00 -478.9 360.2 3.50 31 7.20 74.90 ZIOO.OO -335. d 415. d 4.00 v 335. 40 77.60 2^00.00 -220.5 480.1 -».5J 358.90 78.10 2700.00 -11. o 569.6 5.00 21.90 78.00 3000.00 238.1 592.4 5.50 36.30 75.10 33 00.00 520. d 708. 4 6.00 49. 70 72.10 36 JO. 00 d87.4 752.3 o.50 57.30 63. 70 3900.00 1207. h 311.1 7.00 63.10 65.70 4200.00 lo92.0 358.3 7.50 66.10 62.70 4500.00 2124.3 941.9 3.00 68. 10 60.20 4800. JO 2551.6 1026.4 d.50 69.90 58.20 51 00.00 297J.6 1087.8 'J* 00 71.70 56.50 54J0. 00 339.1*50 d4.50 52.70 6 90 0. JO 5233.9 505.4 >A, 00 8 7.90 53.40 7200.00 5345.5 197.6 VElUCI I Y HcAOl.Jo -MHH- -OEG.- 3. 77 260.62 3.8 2 300. 51 3.51 312.01 2.89 316. 62 1.25 ib9.2l 1.35 ±1.21 2.47 59. lo h.03 63. 72 5. 16 66. 60 5.70 d4. 77 6.93 67. 6t 8.41 83. 10 9.19 31. 7i 9.26 d3.26 10.01 79. ll 9.90 73. di 9.62 81.65 9.67 d5.1d 10.51 d7.53 10.25 d9. ^0 9.58 102. nf 8.8 9 126. J2 d.5 7 143.24 7.44 l60.0o A-18 II C-218 UPPEi<-AU PILUF I3ALLUUN SOUNDING FUK TKAoJ L-U AT 12 OJ HOLMS JN ii/iO/ft |llMl. IN J.J AZ IMUIH ELEVATION Hh IGHl X Y hfclGHT FLIGHT -OEG.- -ULG.- -f-EEl - -FbhT- ■ -f EE r- -f-EET- -MliMOTES- 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.0 0.0 150.00 0.5J 162.10 41.60 iOO.OO 104.1 -321.6 4p0.00 L .00 lol.lu 41.60 600.00 ^19.3 -639.4 750.00 1.50 lo3. 10 3b. 60 V00.00 328.4 -1076. d 1050. OJ 2.00 164.60 37.40 1200.00 417.7 -15 13.3 1353.00 2.50 167.10 38.40 1500. 00 423.6 -1845.0 1650.00 3.00 1 70.30 41.00 1800.00 350.1 -2041.4 .1950.00 J. 50 1 72.70 44.10 2100.00 2 76.7 -2149.9 2250.00 4.00 * I lb. 60 47.70 2400.00 123.2 -2131.0 2550.00 4.50 183.40 49.4 0 2700.00 -135.9 -2310.9 2850.00 5.00 180.90 51.60 3000.00 -366.5 -2350.2 3150.00 5.50 196.10 53.20 3300.00 -683.3 -2373.2 3450.00 6. 00 195. yo 56.00 3600. 00 -664.0 -2336.7 3750.00 6.50 195.50 58.60 3^00.00 -635.0 -^295.4 4050.00 r.oo 19 7.90 61. 50 4200.00 -699.8 -21 71.5 4350.00 /.50 2 CO .90 63.90 4500.00 -765.3 -ZObl.l 4650.00 J. 00 203. oO 66.3 0 4800.00 -042.8 -1932.5 49t>0.00 8.50 204.60 69.80 5100. 00 -730.5 -1707.9 5250.00 J. 00 2C7.30 74.6 0 . 5400.00 -632.0 -13 2 3.5 5550.00 ).50 214.40 78.2 0 5703.00 -672.9 -984.3 5d50.00 10.00 2-^4. 10 82. 00 6000.00 -593.9 -601.0 6150.00 1U.5J 239.10 84.30 630Q.0J -540.8 -324.3 64p0.00 11 .00 245.10 8^.30 6600. 00 -493. 7 -229.6 v 67?0.00 I 1.50 ^:>0.00 86.90 69 00.00 -352.9 -128.6 7050.00 12.00 229.20 89.00 7200.00 -20. o -17.8 vei.uci rr -MPrl- hLADlNG ULo. - 7.68 1 1> 2 . 0 5 7.68 I (> 0 . J j 10.29 ll>6. 04 10.08 lc»8. 37 7.54 l/8.-/o 4. 77 200. 53 2.93 214.08 3.56 258. 51 o.59 243.35 5.32 260. j.2 7.22 2o5.62 0.94 2 7.90 1.15 3 5.09 3. Id 332. 5i 3. 18 ill. 1 I 3.20 335.96 5.30 15. 4d 9.02 14. id 7.71 I. 11 0.89 11.66 6.40 10.65 2.40 2 6.46 3.94 5 4.^7 7.96 71.53 A- 19 II C-219 UVPER-AIK PIlJT dALLUJN iJUNJlNG FUR TRAv,T C-B Al lJ OJ HOOKS J,i 6/10//4 HE I GUI -FEEf- 150. UJ 450.0 J 750.00 1050.00 1 35 0.0a 1650.00 1950.00 2Z5Q.00 2550.00 2850. OJ 3150. OJ 3450.00 3750.00 4050. OJ 4350. OJ 4650.0 J 4950.00 5250.00 5550.00 5850.00 6150.00 6450. OJ 6/50.00 TIME INT J FLIGHT -MINUTL6- AZ IMJTH -OEo.- ELEVATION -UEG.- HEIGHT -FEET- X -FEtr- Y - -FEET- 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0. J 0.0 0.50 157.00 28.20 300.00 218.9 -515.0 1.00 143.30 24.90 600. UO 7 7 3.1 -1036.2 1.50 145.20 23.10 yoo.oo 1205.3 -1732.4 2.00 146.90 23.60 IAOO.00 1501.4 -2300. 7 2.50 148.20 26.20 15JJ.0J 160 8.0 -2590.6 3.00 14 7.30 29.50 1800. OJ 1/20. p -2677.0 3.50 144.40 32.60 21JJ.00 1913.2 -2069. / 4.00 141.50 35.10 2400. 00 2127.6 -2672.2 4.50 139.40 36.60 2700. JO ^367. d -2760.0 5.0 0 13 7.50 37.50 3000.00 2o43<3 -2682. 1 5.50 143.30 39.30 3300.00 2411.7 -3232. 3 o.OO 145. JO 40.00 3 o JO. J J 2413.9 -.3543.2 6.50 13 3.40 41.60 3900.00 3193.3 -3017. 6 7.00 130. /O 42.50 42u0.00 3477.2 -2988.2 /.50 12 7. 70 43.00 4500. OJ 3620.5 -2950.3 d.00 124.80 43.60 4800.00 4141.4 -2d75.8 0. 50 12 2. 10 43.90 5100.00 4491.9 -2315.3 9.00 118.60 44.40 5400.00 4o43.9 -2638.5 9.50 1 15. 10 45. 10 5 7JO.OO 5146.2 -2408.3 10.00 112. OJ 45. 70 6OJ0. JJ 5431.2 -.2192.0 10.50 lCS.oO 46.40 6300.00 56ii I, d -1932.0 11.00 106. 10 48. 10 6oJ0. 00 5692. J -io4 0. / LI. 50 104. 70 48. 50 6900. 00 5948.9 -1^58.3 VELUCI IV rtfcAUl.Yo -M^H- -OLG.- 12.72 156. 9 5 17.29 lii.li 18.62 143. 16 14.56 1 'j 2 . 4 6 7.02 159.30 i.2.1 1^7. bJ 4.33 d7.dl 4.8 7 90.65 5.81 110.07 6.85 i!3.o9 9.54 213.46 7.18 I 79.i>9 21.44 55. 7b 6.47 64. Ja 7.d5 63. oo 7.49 76.9 3 8.03 60. 19 8.95 o3. a d.64 52. 10 8. 13 52.31 8.21 4 3 ,-U 6.62 2.J1 6. 13 72.24 A-20 II C-220 UI'PFK-AIK PlLUT dALLUJN iJUNOlNJ F0,< IKAUT C-B AT 0 OU HUUKS JN 9/10/74 HEIGH I -FFEI- 150.00 450. JO 750.00 1050.00 13 5 0.00 1650.00 1950.00 2250.00 2550. Oj 2650,00 3150. OJ 3450.00 3750.00 4030.00 4350.00 4650.0 0 4950.00 52 50. a 0 5550.00 5850.00 6150.00 64 5 0. 0 0 6750.0 0 7050.00 1 IMG INI J FLIGHT -Hi NUT L'b- M. 1MJIH -DEG.- LIEVAT1 UN -OcG.- HE IGHT -FEEI- X -FEET- Y - -FEET- 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.0 0.0 0.50 149.40 43.90 300.00 15d.9 -268.3 I. 00 129.00 52.00 600.00 364.6 -295.0 1.50 96.90 58. 10 900.00 55 6.4 -67.2 2.00 5 0.20 4o.60 I ZOO. 00 964. o 59d.3 2.50 44.20 31.20 1500. 00 1726.9 1776.3 3.00 41.00 2o.90 18 JO. 00 2127.6 2678.0 3.50 39.00 22.80 2100.00 3144.1 3dd3. to 4.0 0 36. 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OJ 12852.1 13834. ;> 10. 00 43.40 16.60 60 00.00 13^29.4 14623.4 10. 50 H3.d0 lo.30 6300.00 14912. j 15555. 1 11.00 Z.Z5 25.36 50.00 26.34 4d.3/ 29.48 4d.6i 28.00 51.52 28.62 5 0.91 32.40 49. 1 4 33.58 4d. 4 / 31.21 49. fZ 32.15 5 1 . / J A-21 II C-221 • UlM'LK-AH PIloiT HALLDu.J ilHJN 01 fit r-OK TKALF U- Li Al 12 00 HOUrtU Jft '9/ 10/ 7 4 TIMt INIJ A/ IMUl J-L JGHT -Oti,. -MINJTES- 0.00 0.00 0. 50 JO. 00 1.00 35.70 1 . !»0 33.10 2.00 37.60 2.50 il .10 3.00 39.70 3.50 40.30 4.00 41.20 4.50 41 .60 5.00 41.50 5. 50 42.20 6.00 4 3.00 o.50 44.30 7.00 44.00 (.50 43.20 8.00 42.60 0. 50 42.20 A/IMUIH tLLv'ATlU.M hit I liHf -OtG.- -iEEI- X V -f-ect- - r l e i 0.00 0.00 0.0 0.0 22.50 100.00 362.1 62 7.4 22.00 bOO.OO 833.0 1159.5 21.00 900.00 1 IdH.j 1771.3 22.20 12 00.00 1/94.2 2330.4 24.80 1500.00 1985. J 2569.3 25. 30 IdoO.OO 2t32.t> 2910.6 25.20 2100.00 2o6b. 6 3404. 7 24.50 2400. OJ 3469. 1 3963,3 24.00 2 700.00 4 026. 5 *536.4 23.80 3 JOO.OO 4507.3 5096. J 23.40 33J3.00 5i22. 7 5651.2 21. 50 3600. 00 564o.9 uJ57.3 23.30 3900.00 03JI1.4 o428.0 22.00 42 JO. 00 7221.0 7480.4 20.90 45J0.0U 8067.4 o593.3 20.30 4t»00.00 3 7 83. / 9554.8 19.80 5100.00 9515.9 1 Jt 97. a HE lonf -rEEl- 150.0 0 450. UJ 750.0 0 1050.00 1 3 5 0 . J 0 1650. OU 1950.00 2250.00 2550. 00 2850.00 3150.00 3450. 00 3750.00 4050.0 J 4350. OJ 4650.00 4950.0 J VELuClir ticAOl.Mo -MtM- -Uto.- 16.4 6 lo. 15 18. 78 15. 70 o.95 13.07 14.92 18. 35 18. lo 16.77 18. 84 15.07 18. 70 30.61 31. 77 27.25 27. 13 2 9.99 4 1.^0 42.2 4 J5. Vo 38.65 51.03 43. 77 46. 17 44.^2 40.67 47.94 52. 2J 63.21 j>3.60 j7.2j 36 . 6o 37. ds A-22 II C-222 Ui'PE'K-AlK PlLUl dALLOj.M MJUNJ1NG f:OK TKAUT, C-d , AT, 1/ JJ HUUKb UN 9/ 10/'/ 4 HEIGhl -FEET- 150.00 450. OJ 750.00 1050.00 1350. OJ 1650.00 1950.00 2250. JO 2550. OJ 2850.00 3150. OJ 3450. OJ 37 50.0 J 4050.00 4350. OJ 4650.00 4950.00 5250.00 5550. JJ 5850. JJ 6150. JJ 6450. JJ 6/50. JJ 7050. JJ lIME INT J ' rLlOHT M1NJTES- AZ 1,-luTH -OEo.- LIE (/AH UN -JLG. - ME I GMT -ELEI - X -f EL1- Y • -FEET- J.00 0.00 J. 00 O.JO 0. J 0.0 0.50 5 2.90 22.40 3JJ. JO 580.6 439.2 1.00 4 7.60 24.50 60J. JJ 972.3 888.1 1.50 4 / . 4 0 2J.40 9J0. JJ I 781. 5 1638. 7 2.00 46. 60 1 7.60 12 JO. J J 2757.8 2590.5 ^.50 46.30 16.40 15 JO. JJ 3634.8 3522.4 J. 00 46.^0 14. 90 18JJ.0J 4882. V 4683.9 3.50 46.10 14.20 210J.JJ 5980.2 5/56. 7 4.00 - 45. 70 13.40 2400. JJ 7210. J /J33.4 4.50 44.90 13.00 27JO.OO 8255.5 8286.9 5.00 44.20 12. ao 3000. 00 9206.2 9469.7 5.50 44 . 20 12.50 33 JO.OJ 10378.0 10o75.J 6.00 4 4 . J 0 12.00 3o JO.Ju 11/65.7 12187.3 6.50 4 3.60 11.30 39J0.UJ 13460. i 14138.8 7.00 43.20 10.90 4200.00 14930.8 15904.2 7.50 43.00 10.60 4500. JJ 16399./ 1/591.5 d.00 42.90 10.20 4800. JJ 18160.5 19548.6 3.50 42.60 9.80 5100. 00 19936.1 2 1740.9 9.00 42. 5J 9.6 0 5400. JJ 21570.2 2J546.4 9.50 42.40 9. 30 57 00.00 2 3471.9 25712.2 1 J. 00 42. JJ 9.20 6JJ0.0J 2*932. J 2/408. <♦ U.50 42. U 9.30 6300. JO 25/93. o 28554.2 11.00 41. 7J 9. 30 6oJJ. JO 26812.3 30101.3 11.50 4 1.6J 9.5J 69JJ.0O 273/6« 6 30 34 3.4 12.00 H 1.4J 9.60 72 JJ.JJ 28152.4 31941.4 VELOCITY hlAOING -MKH- -OLG.- lo.55 13.54 25.08 30.99 29.87 3/. 92 34.88 40.38 37.00 34.4 9 38.21 46.6 5 5o.74 52.22 5J.84 59.83 64.84 54.59 65.51 50.38 32.57 42. 11 21. 18 30.56 52.88 41. 11 4/. 15 45. 72 44.35 4 5 . 8 d 45.65 43.82 39.9j> J8. la 44. 19 42 . 54 40.9/ 39. 79 41 .04 41.97 39.7b 41.26 41.26 40. 73 36.91 33.35 37.26 35.24 A-23 II C-223 UFPEK-AIU iMlJT OALLOjN jUUNUING FUK.JKACI C-B AT. 5 00 HUukV,vU^ 10/10//4 ' FLIGHT MINJl LS- AZIMU1H -L)EG.- ELEVATION -DLG.- ill: IGHf -htfc'f- X -FEET- Y -FEE r- 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.0 0.0 U. 'jJ 44.90 83.00 ^00.00 26.1 26.2 i. 00 231 .00 8 9.90 600.00 -1.0 -0.8 1.50 106. 30 80.50 'jOO.OO 144.8 -42.3 2.00 105.30 87. 50 1200.00 5 0.9 -13.9 2. 5 J 999.00 999.00 15 00. 00 999.0 999.0 J. 00 999.00 999.00 IdOO.OO 999.0 999.0 3.5 0 39.40 51.80 2100.00 1049. l 1277. o 4.00 . 41. do 44. 60 2^00.00 lu22.4 1815.1 •♦. 50 4 7.90 40.90 2 700.00 2313.0 2090.6 5.00 51. dO 47.50 3000. 00 2160. 7 1700.9 ^ . 50 57.20 43.50 i^OO.OO 2^23. o 1884.9 b. 00 60. 70 41.40 3600.00 3561.6 1999. o 6.50 64.20 3d. 80 3900.00 4367. d 2112.6 /.00 66. dO 3o.90 42J0.00 5142.3 2205.4 /. 50 68. dO 35.20 4 5 00. 00 5943. -t 2308. a 3 . 00 /0.50 33.60 48 00.00 6760.0 2395.6 a. 50 71. dO 32.70 5100. 00 7547.3 2483. o 9.00 /2.60 32.00 5400.00 8247.7 2586.8 y .50 72.30 3 0. 90 5700.00 9J74.6 289d.4 HLlGlil VELUC1TY rILAOiwG -FF.tl- -Mi>H- -ULG.- 153.00 0.84 44.8 9 450.00 0.8 f 2 2 5.0b 750.00 3.4 4 105. d9 1050.00 2.23 286. 7 9 1350.00 999.00 999.00 1650.00 999.00 999.00 1.9 5 0.0 o 999.00 999.00 22b0.00 17.86 46.84 2550.00 16.90 08.24 2850.00 9. 51 201.33 3150.00 17.83 76.43 3450.00 14.73 79.80 1/50.00 Id. 50 02.01 4 050.0 0 17. 73 d3.16 4350.00 18.47 02.68 4650.00 18. 55 83.39 4950.00 18.02 83. o2 5250.00 16.03 81.60 5l>50. 00 20.08 69.34 A-24 II C-224 U^PEK-AIK PIlJT UALLUUN SUUNLMNG FCM TRACT L-R Af d JO HUJKS UN 10/U//4 HE kill I -J-EEI- 150. OJ 4i>0.00 750.00 1050. OJ 1350.00 1650.00 1950.00 2250.00 2550.00 2850.00 3150.00 3450. OJ 3750.00 4050. JJ 4350.00 4&50.00 1 Ml; J NIL) FLIGHT MMUTE'i- AZIMUTH -OEo.- ELEVATION HEIGHT -FEET- X -» ll r- Y -FEET- 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.0 0.0 0.50 3 5 7.10 34. 10 iOO.OO -22.9 442.6 1.00 353.10 3O.60 600.00 - 9 3 . J 802.1 1.50 354. 90 40.30 900.00 -95. t> 1057.2 2.00 357.20 42.7 0 1200.00 -65. i 1299.2 52.1 32.70 5400.00 435 7.6 7196.9 3i .90 5700.00 500L.2 7b7 3. 7 31.20 6000.00 5682.9 6113.0 30.00 63o0.G0 6567."+ o717.4 VElUClTf ritADlNl* -MPrl- -ul:6.- 1.33 9.96 3 1.19 12.03 26. 70 13.34 2 4.9V 13.33 19.62 13.26 23.58 12.39 21. 79 12.05 2o.63 13.92 ^5.47 12.99 30. M 16.20 50.^7 16.95 51.0V 19.11 t9.o2 18.20 53. *7 18.t9 56.90 24.28 >5.o7 A-26 II C-226 U^'tK-AlK P4LJT HALLUX SUUMttlNU FOK TkACT L-ti Al 1/ 00 HUlUb U.v. 10/1J//4 TIME I NT J AZIMUTH LIE VAT I UN He IGHT X Y HE1GHI VELUC1 1 V HEA01N FLIGHT -DEG.- -OLG.- -F EET- -f fctT- -FtLT- -FELF- -MPH- -OtG.- -MliMUTES- 0.00 0.00 0.00 0. JO 0. J 0.0 150. OJ 15.1 1 37.8 V 0.50 37.90 24.20 300. 00 410.1 526. V 450.00 17.33 44.45 I. 00 41.40 22.80 600. JJ 944. J i 071.0 750.00 11.92 56. 33 1.50 4 5.40 24.90 900.00 1380.6 1361.9 1 J50. J J 10.87 58.58 2.00 48.00 26.50 12 JO. 00 1788.8 1611.1 1.150. JJ 8.09 70.0 7 2.50 50.80 2 8.70 1500. JO 2123. ^ 1732.4 1650. OJ 9. 18 /2.93 3.00 53.60 30.00 18 00.00 2509. 7 1851.0 1950.00 11.76 67.01 3.50 55.50 30.10 21 JO. JJ 2 98 5.9 2052.9 * 2250. OJ 8.85 49. 3j 4.00 54.90 30.90 2s JO. JJ 3201.2 2307. J 2^50.00 8.08 40.02 4.50 53.70 31.80 27JJ. JO 3509.9 2579.2 2850. UO 9.40 33. 7ii 5.00 52. OJ 32.30 3JJ0. 00 3739.9 2 92 3. J 3150. JJ 7. 70 30.56 5.50 50.60 33. 10 3J00. 00 3912. 1 3214.5 3450. JJ 4.0 5 1.09 6.00 49. 10 34.80 3600.00 3 915.5 3392.8 3750. OJ 14.34 31.01 J 6.50 j OO- HOUr -3619.3 5.00 16 6.60 36.10 3000.00 -470.5 -4088.1 5.50 190. JO 36.30 3300. oO -300.7 -4421.6 o.OO 194. 10 36.90 3600.00 -1165.4 -4052.2 6.50 198. 70 37.80 3900. JO -16 0 9.3 -4/64.7 /.00 202.60 40.40 4200.00 -1694.0 -4558.5 HEIGHT VELOCITY HlADI.NG rFEET- -MPH- -OEG.- 150.00 2.03 252.13 450.00 999.00 999. OJ 750.00 999.00 9 99 . J 0 1050.00 11.82 176.23 1350.00 14.82 1/3.43 1650.00 13.35 I 6 1 . o -j 1950.00 9.64 167.67 22 50.0 0 9.63 201.94 2550.00 10.49 203. 69 2650.00 12.67 212.7/ 3150.00 10.67 224. o9 34 50.00 9.61 237.67 3750.00 10.41 255. 75 4050.00 7.99 305.69 A-28 II C-228 UPPEk-AlK P1LJT UALLUUN SUUNOiNJ FUK TKAoT OB AT « 00 HOlKS UN 11/U//4 I I ML- INTO AZIMUTH fcLEVATlUN HEIGHT FLIGHT -DEG.- -OtG.- -MeT- -MIiMUlfc'S- X Y HEIGHT -PfctT FEET- -FEEf- VEIUCITY HEAOI.mu -MPH- -OEG.- 0.00 0,00 0.50 £3,60 I. 00 2^5.30 0.00 0.00 0.0 0.0 7o. BO 300.00 28.2 64.6 8/. 00 bOO.OO -22.5 -22.3 i50.0J 450.ua 1.60 2.28 23. 5^ 210.24 A-29 II C-229 UPPEK-AlK P 1LJT unLLUuN buJNOJ NG r-OK IR/kLT #L7li. AT 12 00 HUUKS U.N 13/10//4 ML INTO FLIGHT •MINUTES- 0.00 J. 50 I. 00 1.50 2.00 2.50 3.00 J. 50 4.00 „ 4.50 5.00 5.50 6.00 6.50 7.00 7.50 d.oo 8.50 9.00 9.50 1J.00 10.50 11.00 11.50 12.00 12.50 13.00 13.50 14.00 14.50 15.00 A I IMUIH -UF.o.- 0.00 161.30 159.40 163.40 166.40 166. ao 1 70.00 J99. 00 1 71.30 168.40 168. 70 169. 10 1/1.20 168.90 I 71.00 173.10 174.80 I 75.50 176.20 1 76.90 176.89 176.81 1 76.90 1 76.11 1 75.82 176.O0 178.32 180.59 182.55 184.20 18 5.18 ELEV/UlUN HblliMl -OfcG.- -Flitr- X Y -Fttf- -FEET- HEItiHl -rEET- VELOCirY HLAlMNG -MPH- -OLo.- 0.00 31.40 37.80 39.30 38. 8J 39.30 39.00 999.00 39.20 40. 10 42.60 44.43 46.70 48.60 46.80 45.50 43. 70 42.80 41.90 41.20 4J.74 39.60 38.58 37.59 36. 13 36.45 3o.28 36.93 3!>. 12 34.20 33. 13 0.00 300.00 600. 00 900. JO 1200. JO 1500. OJ 1800.00 2100. Ou 2400.00 2700.00 3000.00 3300.00 36U0.00 i^OO.OO 42 00.00 45u0. 00 4800.00 5100.00 5400.00 5700.00 6003. JO biOO.OO 6600.00 6900.00 7200.00 75UO.OO 7800.00 8100. 00 8400.00 8 /OO. OU 9000.00 0.0 157.9 272. o 314.8 351. 8 419.6 387. 3 99 9.0 44 6.9 64 6. t> 641.2 639.3 521.0 664.0 019.+ 533.9 458.3 435.4 402.5 356.0 382.1 + 28.3 452.4 0i3.-t 709.1 O08.3- 317.8- -104.6- -524. i- -^30.0- ■1237.0- 0.0 -465.6 -/24.1 -1053.9 -1450.8 -1784.5 -2189.4 999.0 -2909.3 -3141.3 -3199.8 -3309.7 -3353.3 -3374.7 -3896.4 -4391.1 -5003.4 -5491.8 -6006.6 -6503.1 -6957.2 -7o05.4 -8263.4 -8944.3 -9o25.3 10138.5 I0o24.1 10778.6 11934.5 12 7 70.9 13/3 7.9 150.00 U.17 lol.25 450.00 o.43 156.05 750.00 7.56 172.69 1050.00 9.06 174.05 1350.00 7. 74 168.51 1650.00 9.23 184.54 1950.00 999.00 9^9.00 2250.00 999.00 V99.00 2550.00 6.96 139.26 2850. OU 1.33 ld5.2d 3150.00 2.50 181.01 3450.00 2.86 249. 12. 3 7 50.00 3.29 98.52 4050. OU 11.90 184. d8 4350.00 11.41 189.78 4650.00 14.02 ld7.03 4950.00 li.ll ld2.66 5250.00 11.72 lu3.64 5550.00 11.33 185.33 5850.00 10.34 1/6.70 6150.00 14. 77 175.90 6450.00 14,96 177.89 6750.00 15.90 166.68 7050.00 15.63 171. 99 7.3 50.0 0 11.89 191.09 7650.00 12.86 210.86 7950.00 10.22 . 249.88 SZ-jO.OO 27.95 199. *4 8550.00 21.13 205. do 8850.00 23.06 197.59 II C-230 o A-SO UI'PLl<-AlK PIllIT DALLUUN b UUiJO I lii, HJK IKAuT L-b AT if 00 HUUKS LM 13/10/74 J1MI. INIJ AZ IMuf 1 f I J i.H! -DLo. VMll«UTfci>- 0.00 0.00 J. 1.0 160. 10 1.00 169. /J 1 .?0 lo5. 10 2.00 162.00 2.50 159.30 3.00 155.50 3.50 154.30 4.0 0 15 3. 10 4.50 153. lo j. 00 1 52 . 33 5.50 15 3.52 ^ • 00 l 3 5 . J J j. 50 1 55. cJ3 ) /.00 135. /I /.50 1 56. J5 J. 00 15/. /O J. 50 1 59.04 9.00 i 6 0.59 s.50 162.20 10.00 1 6 J. 10 Lj.50 let. 09 li.00 I C4. 6* 1 1 . 5 J i o4 .95 12.00 1 65 . 10 I.. .50 1oj.2* 13.00 lo'j.^O i . . 00 1 Lit . JV I ', . 5 0 lo3 . /o ) 13.00 ll.i.Jc I j. 50 K,'.o/ AZIMuTH fcLEVATlLM MtluHl -Uto.- -Ftfcl- X Y FLbf- - h L t I - lit I i, nl -rtfcl- VLLUCIfY nfcADtftU -MHil- -JLo.- 0.00 0,00 0.0 0.0 150.00 38.90 300.00 -0.4 -3/1.9 450.00 40.60 UOO.OO 125.0 -688.9 /50.00 3 9.40 100. Ou 262.4 -105 9.0 1030.00 39.00 1200.00 458.6 -1409.5 1150.00 39.90 1500.00 035.2 -1673.3 10 5 J. 0 0 41.70 1600.00 639.0 -1638.5 1950.00 42.40 2L00.00 ^6. 7 -2072. 4 22'JO.OO 44.20 2^00.00 1094.9 -2212.6 2530.00 44.60 2 100.00 1240. J -2441.3 lb 50.0 j 45 .29 loOO.OO 1 3 7 1 . 0 -2o35.0 3150.00 43.39 1300.00 l53l.o -3070. o 34 5 J. JO 41.61 36 00. JO 1083.3 -lo'36. 3 a750. Ou 39.69 UOO.OO 1*25.3 -■♦238.1 4 j50. 00 3<3.2 7 ^200.00 2 1 9 3 . 0 -4352. / 43 30.0 0 3 7.61 45 00.0 0 23 74.5 -3333.5 4b 3 0. 0 0 36. 77 4600.00 2441. t -5943.1 4*3 J. 0 0 3o.06 5 1 00.0 0 2509.3 - o 5 4 1 . 0 3 . o O 4 3 J . J J 31.09 6uu0 . 00 it)9o.'t- - U 5 5 7 . / 6 730.00 30.20 o V00. 00 30d3 . ->- -I 1*49. 7 703 J. JO 2^.'t2 7^00. 00 327 1.2- ■ 1 3. 0^ 20 . Id 163. 12 21.05 1 oo • /6 19.69 1o3.7j 21.62 I 30 . Ik 2 3. 32 1 34 . ■> > 2<±. /d Lj'j. 1 J 2o. 73 1 j 2 . * j UPf'EK-AlH PUtJT UALLOoN iUUNOlNG FOR fRACf C-6- AT S-OO- HOtMS -UrtU 1 47 W/74 ME I On T -FEEI- 150.00 450. 00 750. OU 1050.0 J 1350. OU 1650.00 1930.00 21 50.0 J 2550.00 2850.00 3150. OJ 3600.00 3900. UO 4U50.00 4350. JJ 4650.00 4950.00 5250.00 5550.00 5650.00 6150.00 6450.00 iTIMt INTO FLiGHl -MlNUTES- AZIMUTH -OEO.- ELEVATION -OLG.- HE Ibi-ir -FEET- X -FEtr- Y • -FEET- 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.0 0.0 0. 50 1<#0.30 42.50 iOO.OQ 209.3 -251.9 1.00 15 0.40 39.50 600.00 359. V -632.9 1.50 157.40 36.50 JOO.OO J 32.65 183.20 41. 11 1/9.41 36.39 179. 13 3t.l8 179.39 37.03 130. 5o 40. 19 179. U 37.58 1/7.50 40.04 1 77.30 46.63 182.13 A-32 II C-232 ■ -UPJ'tK-AIrt P'lLOf dALUlO^ :»i'JUNt>l • FlW TKALT OB Al d 00 HOOKS UN 14/10//'* TIME I NT J A/. IMU1 Ell GUI -Dfco. -rtlNJTES- J.00 0.00 J. 50 5 7.90 I. 00 92.30 1.50 1 0 7.90 2.00 1^1 .40 2.50 1^3.50 3.00 205. 10 3.5 0 20b. 60 4.00 2 05.40 *. 50 205.30 5.00 2 04. 70 6.00 2 01 . iO o. 50 199.70 7.00 193.^0 /.50 196. 70 3.00 1 9 5.00 d.50 193.40 9.00 L >2.40 9.50 1 V 1 . 1 0 10.00 lay.uu lo. 50 13 3.50 1 1.00 ld7. /0 1 1.50 Id/. 10 W.lMOlH LLEVATlUN HLlGHl -DEG.- -( fcET- X Y -f-LLT- -FEEI 0.00 61.20 6:3.30 72.00 73 . B 0 82.20 65.60 52.30 43.50 37.60 3 J. 90 26.00 26.00 24.40 23.00 21. BO 20.60 19.80 1B.90 Id. 30 1 /.70 17.30 1 I. 00 0.00 300.00 L>00. 00 900.00 1200.00 1500.00 1U0J.00 2100.00 2^*00.00 2700.00 3 000.00 ioOO.OO 3900.00 4200.00 4500. 00 AtiOO.OO 5100.00 5400. 00 5700.00 6000.00 6300.00 6600.00 6900. 00 0.0 13V. d 232. 7 273.5 203. 1 75.6 -J46.1 - 116.0 -1J33.6 -1496.6 -1363.3 -2321. / -2691.1 -2386. 7 -3040.5- -3099. J- -310 3. 7- -3212.2- -3195.5- -307/. 4- -^*06. 0- -2826. o- -2776.3- 0.0 87.7 -9. j -89.9 -123.9 -191.5 -740.1 -1423.8 -2286.0 -3171.6 -4053.2 -6285.1 -7531.6 -8 799.4 10158.3 11596. J 1 1 06 5.0 14654.2 16J42.2 1/383.1 19529.4 21005.0 22402.0 -FEE I - 150.00 450.00 750.00 1050.00 1350.00 1650.00 1950.00 2250.00 2550.00 2850.00 3300.00 3750.00 4050. Oo 4350.00 4u50.00 4950.00 5250.00 5550.00 5850. 00 6150.00 64 50.0 0 6750. 00 VEluCJIY HEADING -MHH- -UfcG.- 3.75 57. 3u 3.05 1J6.21 2.11 150.3 5 1.38 245.03 3.28 242. Of 15. 72 217.53 17.69 208.52 21.28 202. 9o 22.21 204. 9d 21.81 202.45 26.39 196.45 23.59 1 d 7 . 7 2 29.16 lbd. /5 31.08 166.44 32.71 162.32 33.33 130.16 36.20 ld3.89 33.37 1/9.42 35.12 1/5.60 37.62 1 /4.05 33.59 1 76.90 31.77 1/7.91 II C-233 UPPL'K-AIK P1LJT OALLUuN iUUNJJNG FOK TRACT- C~0 AT 12 W HUUKi it ft 14/10/74 HEIGHT -FEET- 150.00 450.00 750.00 1050.00 1350.00 1650.00 1950.00 2250.00 2550.00 2650.00 3150.00 3450.00 3750. OJ 4050. OU 4J50. 0 0 4650.00 4950.00 5^50.00 5550. JO 5850. OJ 6150. OJ 6450. OJ 6750. UJ 7050. UJ 7350. OJ 7650. OJ 7950. JJ 82pO.U J 8550.00 111 ML INT J FL1UH1 -MI NJTES- AZIMJTH -L)EO.- ELEVATION -OEO.- HfciGHl -FtLT- X -FEET- Y - -FEET- 0.00 0.00 0.00 O.UO 0.0 0.0 0.50 1 O.vO 59.0 0 300.00 19.3 -179.3 i.oo 1 /7.20 60. 80 bOO.OO 16.6 -335.1 1. 50 101.60 62.00 900.00 -13.1 -470.6 2.00 1*1 .40 61 .40 12J0.00 -129.0 -641.7 2.50 199.50 59.50 15 JO. JO -294.5 -033.5 3.00 204.20 5o.6 0 18J0.00 -436.0 -1083.3 3.50 2C8.30 53. 10 21J0.0J -746.6 -1389.3 •i.OO * 210.40 47.50 2^*00.00 -1111.9 -ld98.2 4.50 210.40 45.40 2700.00 -1346.2 -2298.1 5.00 2u8. 1U 41.80 30JO.OO -1578.6 -2961.7 5.50 2 04.40 38.50 3300.00 -1711. / -3780.3 6.00 2C0.20 35.00 3600.00 -1720.9 -•♦686. d | 6.50 196.50 33.50 3900.00 -1670.2 -5652.0 7.00 193.40 31.50 42 00. JO -1584. j -6t>69. 8 7.50 1VJ.90 29.40 45 00. JO -1505.6 -7044.9 6.00 Id9.n0 26.00 48 00.00 -1469.2 -3909.2 6.50 107.90 2o. 70 5100. OJ -1307. 8- ■10J47.0 9.00 1 J /. 5J 25. 50 54JJ. 00 -1471. 1- ■11227.8 9.50 106.00 24.60 5 7 JO. JO -1466.8- ■1^365.0 1J.00 lo6.30 24.00 6000. JJ -1^70.9- 13393.6 1U.50 106. JO 23.00 6300. OJ -1542. /- •14764.6 I 1.00 165.90 22.00 6600. JJ -1669.6- •16253.4 11.50 ld6. JJ 21.20 6900. JJ -1649.0- •1 /69o.6 12.00 106.10 20.60 7Z00. JJ -2024.3- ■19052.0 12.50 186.40 20.00 75JJ. JO -2284.8- •20483.3 13.00 18 6.30 19.60 7800. UO -239J. 3- ■21776. o 13.50 186.30 19.20 61 JO.OU -25^3. 1- ■23125.6 14.00 186.50 18.90 0400.00 -2763.0- ■24383.3 VELUCI1Y rieAOlNb -MPH- -OLO.- <*. 10 1 Z3.35 3.54 100.9 / 3.33 l9i.6o 4.55 215.37 5. 76 220. H 7.15 21 7.- 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.50 205.00 3d. 00 1.00 2 04.50 41.70 1.50 206.40 46.10 2.00 2U5.50 49.50 2.50 204.20 51. 10 3.00 19 7.00 52.20 3.50 192.30 54.70 4.00 „ lvi.50 61.40 4.50 ld5.30 65.60 5.00 1 73. 7Q 6d.OO 5.50 154.90 69.70 6.00 133.20 6d.30 o.50 127.06 66.03 y.oo 122.11 62.51 7.50 123.09 59.02 8.00 125.^0 54.72 d.50 123.42 [51.02 y.oo 127.81 46. 96 9.50 130.11 43.01 10.00 133. 2d 40. 13 10.50 135.12 38.01 11.00 13d. 40 36.02 11.50 140.91 34.51 12.00 143. 19 33.09 12.50 144.99 31.58 13.00 146. Id 29.83 13. 50 14 6. fc3 2d. 57 14.00 lt5.85 27.21 ) U.50 147.15 26.12 15.00 147.56 27.21 0.00 0.0 0.0 iOO.OO -162.1 -348.2 600.00 -273.9 -613.1 900.00 -J84. / -776.3 1200.00 -440.7 -925.7 1500.00 -495.6 -1104. 7 1800.00 -407.5 -1336.0 2100.00 -316.0 -1453.5 2400.00 -2o0.2 -1283.0 2700.00 -112.5 -1220.3 3Uu0.00 128.4 -1157.3 3300.00 518.8 -1 105.9 3600.00 931. d -1041.2 3900.00 13d4.9 -1045.0 ^200.00 1852.5 -1161.5 4500.00 2^o5. 1 -1^74. d 4d00.00 2766.7 -1971.7 5100.00 3446.7 -2272.4 5400.00 3986.5 -3090.6 5700.00 4676.3 -3935. d 6000.00 5185. J -4378.6 6^00.00 5691.9 -5710.7 6600.00 6031.4 -6787.0 6900.00 tojt33.1 -7788.3 7200.00 6625.9 -8845.1 7500.00 /006.1 -9991.9 7800.00 7563. 1-11277.4 8100.00 8139.7-12421.4 8400.00 dV42. 1*~1367 7.2 8700.00 9634.0-14904.5 9000.00 9399. J-14771. 7 II C-236 \-36 150.00 450.00 750.00 1050.00 1350.00 1650.00 1950.00 2250.00 2350.00 2850. Oo 3150.00 3450.00 3750.00 4050.00 4350.00 4650.00 4950.00 5250.00 5550.00 5850.00 6150.00 6450.00 6750.00 7050.00 7350.00 7650.00 7950.00 6250.00. 8550.00 88'jO.OO 8.73 204.94 6.58 203. /6 4.42 212.94 3.63 200.55 4.26 197.01 5.62 159.13 3.39 142. Od 4.08 18.11 3.65 66.99 5.66 75.33 8.95 82.50 9.50 di.09 10.30 90.47 10.95 103.98 11.77 127.19 16.05 134. 7 3 16.90 113. d4 22.28 146.57 24.79 140.7 6 24.35 1 5 1 . 62 22. 14 14 3.65 25.65 162.48 23.77 163.21 24.92 164.5 0 21.<*b 161.64 31.84 15o.56 29.65 151. 2d 33.28 l-«9.04 32.02 150.59 6.13 299.44 UPPER-A1K (MLUT BALLUUN SUUNOINO tuk iKAcr c-ii av 12 oj hl>j.<:> un 15/U//4 * '- '■ «t T it ^f IN Id A£ IrfUl P r-LiGHr -UEb. -MluJl R«>- 0.00 0.00 0.50 216.20 1.00 196.40 1.50 180.50 2.00 165. 70 2.50 160.60 3.00 157. to 3.50 157.30 4.00 151.60 4.50 163,20 5.00 164.50 5.50 164. ^0 6.00 167.00 6.50 159. 10 w 7.00 154.62 7. 50 151.01 J. 00 148.23 8.50 if4.55 9.0 0 142.43 y, 50 141.18 10.00 14 0. 79 10.50 140.91 1 1.00 1.41.2 9 11.50 141.d2 12.00 14 2.35 12.50 143.03 13.00 14 3.41 1 3. 50 144. 15 14.00 144.22 f 14.30 144. t>2 15.0 J 145.^8 L'VANLM HE IGdT X Y hEUHF -Dt'G.- -FEET- -FEET- - -FEET- -FEET- 0.00 0.00 0.0 0.0 150.00 53.10 300.00 -133.0 -181.9 • 450.00 53. 10 600.00 -127.0 -432.4 7>0. 00 52.10 900.00 -5.7 -700.9 1 J30.00 51.30 1200.00 233.8 -915.2 1350.00 50.40 1500.00 412.9 -1170.6 1650.00 49.70 1800.00 582.0 -1411.5 1950.00 50.40 2100.00 671.3 -1602.9 2250.00 50.00 2^00.00 959.0 -1771.6 2550.00 49.80 2700.00 660.9 -2184. 7 2850.00 49.60 3000.00 683.9 -2460. d 3150.00 46.80 3300.00 783.5 -2781.6 3450.00 47.60 3600.00 741. i> -3203.6 3750. OJ 45.30 i^iOO.OO 1379.1 -3605. d 4050.00 42. 79 4200. OJ 1947.4 -4099. <♦ 4350.00 40.25 4500.00 2579.3 -4649.6 4650. OJ 37.71 4800.00 3272.1 -5277. d 4950.00 35. 13 5100.00 4207.9 -5904.2 5250.00 33.11 5400'. OU 5053.1 -6562.3 5550.00 31.20 5700.00 5904.3 -7331. 9 5850. OJ 29.12 6000.00 6di4.5 -8344.5 6150.00 27.53 6300.00 7oil.O -9359.8 6450«00 2o.46 66 JO. 00 8299.6- •10346.0 6730.00 25.59 6900.00 8913.2- ■11323.9 7050.0 J 24.81 7200.00 9521. /- 'izyz^i. i 7350.00 24.26 7500.00 10JI 6.6- ■13293.9 7650.0 J 23.79 IjOO.OO 10555. 7- •14204.4 7950. OJ 2S.02 8100. OJ 11174.7- ■15»50.2 8250.00 22.73 d4 0d.00 11 733. 7- 16264.9 8550.0 0 22.02 aroo.oo 12466.1- •1 7536.0 8850.00 21.25 9000. OJ 1 3193.6- -19020. 3 II c- 237 • A-37 • VELJCl TY ntAOlivlG -MPH- -OEli.- 5.12 216. 14 5.69 17d.ol 6.69 155. 6d 7.31 131.32 7.09 144.9 4 6.70 144. d2 4.30 155.08 7.58 120.39 11.58 215. 8J 6.30 175.22 7.64 lo2.73 9.64 135.67 17.13 122. 2j 17.11 130.97 19.04 131.03 21.26 132.19 25.59 123. 7-v 24.35 127.39 26.09 132.JV 30.94 138.05 2-J.3 3 141.87 27.34 145 . J 0 26.24 147.33 26. 7 2 148.32 24.63 152.81 24.0 5 149. 3o 31.62 153.56 22.4 5 145. :>> 33.36 150. J 3 37. 55 153. do V APPENDIX B Temperature Soundings over Federal Oil Shale Tract C-b During the Period 1 October through 15 October 1974 II C-238 13.000 t r 1 1 1 r 12,000 11,000 V. i- L'J E i < > ui 10,000 0,000 e.oDo r.ooo T 1 1 1 1 1 r 0437 0742 1129 1C20 a \ \ \ v i i e,cr.i j i i i i i i i i i i i i i ' t ' » ' i i i 1 — 2-1 0 1 2 8 4 6 6 7 B D 10 11 12 13 14 15 18 17 18 10 20 21 TEMPERATURE (CENTIGRADE) Figure B-l. Temperature Soundings Over Tract C-b on 1 October 1974 II C-239 13,000 — i 1 1 1 \ \ i 1 1 1 1 i i i i i i i " i — i" —i 1 1 T- —r AW • : ■ \\\ \v\ ''••. 0758 \\ \ 1149 < *> f\rv\ l«:1l'UU - \\ \\ ■••,. \ \\ \ v\ \\ ■••• \ \ \\ \ \ \ v\\ 11.000 ' \ \ vsN '■••. \ \ ^ "'•• " \ \ ^vV '• • \ \ vJ\ V \ \ \^ '"'•• \ \ ^v^ % \ \ *\^ -J % 10.000 " \ \ ^\v- '■• 111 UJ u. ' \ \ ^\N '• • g ■ \ \ ^^ < : \ • \ \\\ '•••., > \ \. * \ \ "*• UJ _l \ \ *\ \ • - \ \ V\ \ \ . \ \ \ ^ *'*• \ \ % V. \ DRY ADIABAT\ V V « \ \ V * \ \ \ ^ PSEUOO ADIABAT \ \ \ N \ \ »\ ^ : \ \ V\ \ e.ooo L Nl ^ ' \ \ K ^ A v <" \ \ 7,000 6.000 . . 1 . . .1 1 ., . ,».. I 1. 1 1 11 1 1 | II 1 1 1 1 I.I ... !..-. .1— -3 ■2-1 0 1 2 3 4 6 6 7 6 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 10 20 21 TEMPERATURE (CENTIGRADE) Figure B-2. Temperature Soundings Over Tract C-b on 2 October 1974 II C-240 I- lll UJ •J Ui I ' 1 1 ■3-2-1 0 1 2 3 < 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 TEMPERATURE (CENTIGRADE) 14 15 16 1 21 Figure B-3. Temperature Soundings Over Tract C-b on 3 October 1974 II C-241 13,000 12,000 11,000 g Ui £ 10,000 s w e.cco 8,000 T.ODD -i r i r 6,003 I 1 1— 1 1 1 U J _J_ I l_ L J L. J I L -6-5-4-3-2-1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 6 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 TEMPERATURE (CENTIGRAOE) Figure B-4. Temperature Soundings Over Tract C-b on 5 October 1974 II C-242 13.000 12,000 "1 ^TT — I 1 1 1 1 1 T 11.000 3 W £ 10.000 -1 w t',000 e.ooo 7,000 — 0838 - 1225 ••• 1730 6,000 I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I 1 1 1 1 1 1 -6-5-4-3-2-1 0 1 2 3 4 6 C 7 6 0 10 11 12 13 14 15 TEMPERATURE (CENTIGRADE) Figure B-5. Temperature Soundings Over Tract C-b on 7 October 1974 II C-243 13,000 12.000 11, COO 10,000 e § p e.coo M'vO V/.30 ,c;o j j i _u J . 1 I I II I l-l I 1 1 I I I 1 1 L 2-1 0 1 2 3 4 6 8 7 8 C 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 16 18 20 21 TEMPERATURE (CENTIGRADE) Figure B-6. Temperature Soundings Over Tract C-b on 8 October 1974 II C-244 13.000 12,000 1 1,000 j j ( ( 1 r_ 10,000 W ID U- I e.ooo e.ooo 7,000 PSEUDO ADIABAT — 0829 - 1224 -■ 1723 T 1 1 " ,000! I I I I I I I L J L J. I I l I I l J I i- -3-2-1 0 1 2 3 4 6 6 7 8 B 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 10 20 21 TEMPtrrurunf: (ci:ntiqrade) Figure B-7. Temperature Soundings Over Tract C-b on 9 October 1974 II C-245 I I I I • Figure B-8. Temperature Soundings Over Tract C-b on 10 October 1974 II C-246 13,000 -i r 12.000 11.000 I- UJ W 10.600 < > 3 0.000 e.ooo 7,000 C.OOD I 1 1 1 1 I- I J I I I I L I I I _J 1 I I I -6-5-4-3-2-1 - 1 2 3 4 5 6 f 0 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 TEMPERA TU1E (CENTIGRADE) Figure B-9. Temperature Soundings Over Tract C-b on 11 October 1974 II C-247 12,000 11,000 £ 10,000 UJ -J e.ooo t.ooo 7,000 i 1 r P8ELO0 ADIA&AT e.ooo I 1 1 1 -J i i ! i i i I i _i l I I i 1 1 1 — -6-5-4-3-2-1 0 1 2 3 4 6 6 7 8 0 10 11 12 13 14 15 TEMPERA TIJ«E (CENTIGRADE) Figure B-10. Temperature Soundings Over Tract C-b on 13 October 1974 II C-248 13.000 12.000 11,000 Ui |H 10,000 < > w _) C.OCJ 1,000 r.ooo COM J 1 I L I I I I 1 I I 1 I I I L J I L -6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 0 7 8 TEUPERA UJRE (CENTIGRADE) 0 10 11 12 13 14 15 Figure B-ll. Temperature Soundings Over Tract C-b on 14 October 1974 II C-249 13,000 12,000 11,000 UJ 10,000 § < u e.ooo 6,000 7,000 t 1 1 1 r t r i 1 1 r i r 0830 1230 1741 6,000 1 I I , ) L 1 , I I t ■ , I I I I I J I 1 !_ 1 1 < -8-5-4-3-2-1 0 1 2 3 4 8 6 7 • 0 10 11 12 13 14 15 TEMPERA TUOE (CENTIGRADE) Figure B-12. Temperature Soundings Over Tract C-b on 15 October 1974 II C-250 APPENDIX C Pilot Balloon Soundings over Federal Oil Shale Tract C-b During the Period 1 October through 15 October 1974 II C-251 n>ooo 270 Figure C-l. Pibal Sounding Over Tract C-b on 1 October 1974 ie/im II C-252 N-GM Figure C-2. Pibal Sounding Over Tract C-b on 1 October 1974 e?£2 18/1/74 1529 ft/<2lv II C-253 u-too 270 Figure C-3. Pibal Sounding Over Tract C-b on 1 October 1974 mi 19/1/74 KQ ft/C.lv II C-254 N-KO 270 Figure C-4. Pibal Sounding Over Tract C-b on 1 October 1974 1",': wim II C-255 N-eoo 270 Figure C-5. Pibal Sounding Over Tract C-b on 2 October 1974 <; II C-256 ,..,t 3 270' liiO Figure C~6. Pibal Sounding Over Tract C-b on 2 October 1974 8781 10/2/74 2G93 f./uv II C-257 270' \ 'T^^^ — i— - ' — Y~^ 30 270 Figure C-17. Plbal Sounding Over Tract C-b on 8 October 1974 HC3 JK3 fi/*W II C-268 Figure C-18. Plbal Sounding Over Tract C-b on 8 October 1974 lies 19/8/74 II C-269 Figure C-19. Pibal Sounding Over Tract C-b on 9 October 1974 it/em II C-270 w»ew Figure C-20. Pibal Sounding Over Tract C-b on 9 October 1974 16/8/7* «E3 fi/div II C-271 W-000 270 Figure C-21. Pibal Sounding Over Tract C-b on 9 October 1974 II C-272 f-i >- 1: o 270 IS/lfll FJ|s'3?« C-22. Pibal Sounding Over Tract C-b on 9 October 1974 II C-273 N-CW Figure C-23. Pibal Sounding Over Tract C-b on 10 October 1974 t~8 ie/is/7* 1££3 ft/(i!v II C-274 H-f'-O 270 Figure C-24. Pibal Sounding Over Tract C-b on 10 October 1974 ££38 1K3 ft/t5lv II C-275 H-KA Figure C-25. Pibal Sounding Over Tract C-b on 10 October 1974 18A8/7S II C-276 Figure C-26. Pibal Sounding Over Tract C-b on 10 October 1974 im uA&m II C-277 u - POO 2,'0 Figure C-27. Pibal Sounding Over Tract C-b on 11 October 1974 16/11/74 left fi/fiy II C-278 N»-C3 Figure C-28. Pibal Sounding Over Tract C-b on 11 October 1974 KS3 18/H/75 2C3 Mh II C-279 270 Figure C-29. Pibal Sounding Over Tract C-b on 11 October 1974 UN 16/11/74 tm fi/sw II C-280 K"i-:o 270° eo° CO i 19 1 133 Figure C-30. Pibal Sounding Over Tract C-b on 13 October 1974 1217 18/18/M 2M0 ft/dlv II C-281 N-MO Figure C-31. Pibal Sounding Over Tract C-b on 13 October 1974 17G3 18/11/74 KB ft/flv II C-282 H • COO 270° CO0 '30 '48 160 141 . i 51 i 57 *60 Figure C-32. Pibal Sounding Over Tract C-b on 14 October 1974 GSM 10/W/74 2KQ ft/dlv II C-283 N ■» CM OSi, i:j Ves Figure C-33. Pibal Sounduig Over Tract C-b on 14 October 1974 18/15/74 268 f|/liv II C-284 fj » roo 270' if (^^^ v\\^^^ \ If 1 '•4 '87 II3 liw 1ED Figure C-34. Pibal Sounding Over Tract C-b on 14 October 1974 B0° 1203 18AS/74 II C-285 Hr-COO Figure C-35. Pibal Sounding Over Tract C-b on 14 October 1974 1700 10/14/74 2000 ft/div II C-286 N"tW3 Figure C-36. Pibal Sounding Over Tract C-b on 15 October 1974 385 10/15/74 253 ft/dlv II C-287 (;•■(.' :> Figure C-37. Pibal Sounding Over Tract C-b on 15 October 1974 wurn zm f»/div II C-283 . Q 8° O a fD > H- o ft V ^ L I ■ ■■■■ ^ 2A^S L. C. MEYER, PnD PROGRAM MANAGER II C-289 TABLE OF CONTENTS 1.0 1.1 2.0 2.1 2.2 3.0 3.1 3.2 Page INTRODUCTION II C-291 BRIEF SUMMARY II C-291 DATA ACQUISITION TECHNIQUES 1 1 C-294 TEMPERATURE PROFILES II C-294 WINDS ALOFT II C-297 DATA PRESENTATION II C-297 VERTICAL TEMPERATURE PROFILES 1 1 C-298 UPPER AIR WIND STRUCTURE 1 1 C-301 APPENDIX A APPENDIX B APPENDIX C LISTING OF FIGURES AND TABLES Figure 1 TOPOGRAPHIC MAP OF TRACTS C-a and C-b II C-292 Figure 2 REFERENCE MAP SHOWING LOCATIONS OF NWS STATIONS Table 1 SPECIFICATIONS Table 2 WEATHER CONDITIONS 10/1/74 THROUGH 10/15/74. . . Table 3 SOUNDING TIMES DURING STUDY PERIOD Table 4 TEMPERATURE LAPSE RATE Table 5 WIND SPEED AND DIRECTION AT 8000 FT ABOVE MSL Table 6 WIND SPEED AND DIRECTION 9000 FT ABOVE MSL . . . II c- ■293 II c- ■295 II c- -296 II c- -299 II c- -301 II c- -304 II c- -305 II C-290 1.0 INTRODUCTION This report summarizes and presents correlations between data taken over Federal Oil Shale Tracts C-a and C-b and Grand Junction, Colorado. A topographic map of the oil shale tract area is shown in Figure 1. To a lesser extent, comparisons with soundings over Salt Lake City, Utah and Denver, Colorado are also presented. A map showing the relative positions of the tracts and the primary National Weather Service stations is shown in Figure 2. The data were taken during the period 1 October through 15 October 1974 with primary emphasis on the vertical temperature profile and wind structure from the surface to 13, 000 feet above MSL. The studies over Tract C-a were performed for the Rio Blanco Oil Shale Project and the studies over C-b were performed for the Atlantic Richfield Company. National Weather Service data from Grand Junction, Salt Lake City, and Denver were obtained from the EG&G field office in Durango over a Weather Service facsimile machine. Tract C-a and Tract C-b soundings were made four times daily at approximately 05:00, 08:00, 12:00 and 17:00 hours MST whereas National Weather Service soundings were only made at 12:00 and 24:00 hours GMT. The purpose of the 08:00 and 12:00 soundings over the oil shale tracts was to investigate primarily the formation and breakup of surface inversions. Because of the present sparsity of on site meteorological data at the two oil shale tracts, no attempt is made in this report to correlate the upper air data in terms of both winds aloft and lapse rates to diffusion estimates. It is anticipated that all future studies of this type will be supported by surface meteorological data at both tracts. 1.1 BRIEF SUMMARY The topography of the Federal Oil Shale Tracts C-a and C-b is complex. The wind structure above the tracts depends heavily upon the upper (509mb) level flows as well as the detailed surface topography. Contrary to first expectations, from the limited data available it appears that the Salt II C-291 .. .... . \rt .\Yl/,r^ ?£• : » • , ■ , ^ Figure 1 Topographic Map of the Area Surrounding Federal Gil Shale Tracts C-a and C-b II C-292 II C-293 Lake City upper level wind flows are closer to the upper air flow patterns over the oil shale tracts than those over Grand Junction, which is signifi- cantly closer to the tracts. In general, the upper level winds are pre- dominantly from the west, although during the study period, the winds ranged from throughout all sectors. The temperature structure above the tract followed the dry adiabatic lapse rate very well above about 1500 feet above the surface on clear days. On moist days, (with showers in the area) the temperature structure showed more of a wet adiabatic behavior. The lower 1500 feet above the surface exhibited a somewhat more complex profile with inversions in the morning hours which generally broke up by early afternoon or late morning. The temperature inversions were more pronounced in the valleys below the tract. The average mixing layer depth in the presence of an inversion at the early morning sounding (05:00 MST) was about 900 feet above the proposed plant site (7100 MSL) over C-a and about 750 feet above the proposed plant site (7000 MSL) over C-b. At the mid- morning sounding, under the influence of an inversion, the average mixing layer depth was about 700 feet over C-a and about 500 feet over C-b. 2. 0 DATA ACQUISITION TECHNIQUES 2. 1 TEMPERATURE PROFILES The vertical temperature structures from the surface to 13, 000 feet MSL were determined four times daily using a shielded sensitive II C-294 4 thermistor mounted on a wing strut of a light aircraft which was flown out of Rifle, Colorado. The four flights were made at approximately 05:03, 08:00, 12:00 and 17:03 hours MST on days when the weather permitted safe flying. During daylight hours, soundings were made to within 100 feet of the surface; during night flights, 500 foot safety margins were observed. In addition, flights were made down nearby valleys to determine the temperature structure of the air actually below the proposed plant sites on the 08:00 and 12:00 hour soundings. The instrument used for the temperature recordings was an EG&G portable temperature recorder Model 702 which is designed to achieve high- resolution temperature recording from a moving airplane or automobile. The unit is capable of measuring temperatures in the range from -30°C to +32°C with an absolute accuracy better than _ 0. 2°C, although for this operation the unit was calibrated to within „ 0. 1°C. The specifications of the Model 702 are given in Table 1. TABLE 1 Specifications: Sensor Probe: Type Range Accuracy Time Response Recorder: Resolution Process Chart Speed Chart Paper Power Thermistor head in weatherproof radiation shield -30 C to +32 C in six ranges - 0.2°C absolute less than 2 seconds for 63% recovery in still air .1°C Meter & permanent, mkless on pressure sensitive paper 60 inches per hour 63 feet by 2 5/16 inch usable width Nickel-cadmium batteries, 10-hr operation II C-295 5 TABLE 2 Date Conditions 10/1/74 Weather clear/Few high cirrus/500mb winds 20 knots-300degrees 10/2/74 Weather clear/Few high cirrus/500mb winds 20 knots-240degrees 10/3/74 Weather clear in morning/17 :00 MST sounding cancelled/ storm front causing high winds from Southwest and scattered showers 10/4/74 No soundings taken/Heavy showers/ceiling 8000ft/SW winds 10/5/74 No soundings/Scattered thundershowers/ground fog/West winds 10/6/74 No soundings/Widely scattered thunder showers/Low fog clearing by 09:00/500mb winds 20 knots-270degrees 10/7/74 Widely scattered thundershowers/500mb winds 10 knots-270 degrees 10/8/74 Weather clear/Few high cirrus/SOOmb winds 10 knots-270degrees 10/9/74 Scattered strata cumulus at 18-20,000 in morning developed to heavy thundershower activity in afternoon at 14, 000/500mb winds 35 knots at 230 degrees 10/10/74 Widely scattered thundershowers/500mb winds 20 knots-250degrees 10/11/74 Early morning ground fog, breaking up at about 09:00 MST. Moderate afternoon thundershower activity/ceiling 10-12,000/ 17:00 MST sounding cancelled due to heavy thunderstorm activity in the area 10/12/74 No soundings taken/Heavy showers/ceiling 8000 ft 10/13/74 Heavily overcast with ground fog in morning breaking up about 10:00 MST/Scattered thunder showers in the afternoon 10/14/74 Weather clear/Few high cirrus/500mb winds 35 knots-350degrees 10/15/74 Weather clear/Few high cirrus/500mb winds 35 knots-OOOdegrees II C-296 As the plane spiraled down or climbed to 13, 900 feet in an approxi- mately 1 km diameter helix at approximately 400 ft/minute , altitude markings were recorded on the temperature chart by an observer. While the pilot attempted to maintain a constant rate of descent or ascent, this was not always possible die to turbulence. For this reason, temperature/altitude readings were taken from the charts only at points marked with a distinct altitude. No interpolations between markings were used. 2.2 WINDS ALOFT The vertical wind structures from the surface to 13, 000 feet MSL or cloud base were determined four times daily using 30 gram pilot balloons in conjunction with theodolites. The theodolites were aligned to magnetic north and then corrected to true north by rotating them 15 counterclockwise. The balloons were carefully "weighed off" using a standard National Weather Service inflation kit for 30 gram balloons inside an enclosed area within several hundred feet of the respective sites' main me- teorological towers to rule out any influence which wind might cause. These balloons rise at an approximately constant rate of 600 feet/minute. During the night, small water activated batteries connected to a tungsten filament bulb were attached to the balloon before it was weighed off to allow optical tracking. The balloons were released at about 05:00, 08:00, 12:00 and 17:00 hours MST on days in which temperature soundings were made. At 30-second intervals, azimuth and elevation were vocally recorded to within 0. 1 degree. The balloons were kept in the field of view at all time s and only after the sound- ing was completed were the voice records transcribed to data sheets. 3.0 DATA PRESENTATION During the course of the 15-day study period, soundings over the two oil shale tracts were aborted on four entire days due to inclement weather causing dangerous flying conditions. A general description of the weather conditions for the 15-day period is given in Table 2. II C-297 7 The release times of the pilot balloons (pibals) and the temperature sounding times for the oil shale tracts along with the height attained by the balloons and the ground temperature are presented in Table 3. The topography of both of the Federal Oil Shale Tracts, C-a and C-b is complex. Both tracts consist of several finger- like plateaus sloping generally down to the Northeast. Between plateau-like regions are broad steep- sided valleys. The elevation differences between plateau- like regions and valleys are about 300 to 400 feet, both having the same general slope. Tract C-a slopes to the Northeast while Tract C-b slopes to the North- Northeast. The proposed elevation of the plant site at Tract C-a is approximately 7100 feet. The proposed elevation of the plant site at Tract C-b is approximately 7000 feet. 3. 1 VERTICAL TEMPERATURE PROFILES The vertical temperature structures of the air over Salt Lake City, Utah, Denver, Colorado, and Grand Junction, Colorado during the period from 1 October to 15 October, 1974 are plotted on Pseudo-Adiabatic charts in Appendix A. Each chart has the two normal soundings of the day plotted. The heavy solid line is the 24:00 hour GMT temperature sounding; the light solid line is the 12:00 GMT temperature sounding. The broken curves plot the dew point depression temperature profiles corresponding to the air temperature curves. Salt Lake City is abbreviated SLC; Denver is abbreviated DEN, and Grand Junction is abbreviated GJT. One noteworthy similarity in the NWS soundings is the presence of the surface based inversion in the 12:00 GMT soundings in virtually every plot. Only Denver had no surface based inversion present in the early morning hours during this study period. Without exception Salt Lake City and Grand Junction were under the influence of a morning inversion between 1 October and 15 October 1974. Denver did not have an inversion present II C-298 8 H a e§ w H O O CO OOO I tO tO <0 CD tO CO oooo oooo oooo oooo ooo ©OQO OOOO QOOO OOOO OOO t~ o o o to o o o v--t n in o m en ta co to ■-< COOOO <£> CI O. C7> CO CO t— r— O) t* to t~- ^ (D CM OO OOOO OOQO OO OOOO OOOO t— CM CJ CM O «-* N Nt- N in t- ^r^ojto t- t-in t- tt, og 2£8 in co co r- o co co r- u Bi 2 w H w cs a o 0 ^ _ >-i N (O* "< M CO * fH t-< CM CO ^ «-• CM CO 1* •-< CM i rH CM CO ^r cm co •# »-« cm co **• •-< cm co "J* N (T CO en ooo ooo CM CM O oooo oooo ooo OOOO oooo ooo smcnjct cm cm *- cm r- co co r— won r-t-to t- c-mr- m ir to m *** e— o o oooo o o oooo O CO CO t7) t- O C7) O to tO 00 Oi o o o o o o en en o w Ok pS w ft S u w EQ S3 < r- cm en o •CO ^J* CM CM CO in m o o tfTo *f t- ■-> to O O •-» -« ■«• r- <-< to o o «-< -* ■^ r- cm O O *H in co m c T CO CM CO in q o in v v co in en o t1 co lO CM CM CM *j' in *r to CM CM CM CM en co CO CM in co cm t- o o -« «-< in co cm i— O o »-i •-• in co cm t- O O H »~i in co cm t- o o *-i -i in co o o m o o o ~+ o o o ooo ooo oooo oooo oooo oooo ooo O O i in co cm c- o o ^ w CO CM t- o -* •-» in co cm t" O O -H •-• m co cm t— o O — ' -" in co cm o o *-• -i-i o o — i -■ o • o a ^ CM CO T «-" CM < *J* »-t (N « ^ « CN COT •-» < »<»• H NCMtO- NCO V *-i i COT H CJfOT »-* CM CO *«* HNM"T h NCOf H NM Hi V Is ■■■■a on only five days and these days were all associated with the presence of thunder showers. Although few were severe and none persisted throughout the day, morning inversions at these three locations were the rule rather than the exception throughout the study period. The vertical temperature profiles over Federal Oil Shale Tracts C-a and C-b for each individual sounding are given in Appendix B. The profiles from each tract are plotted alongside each other to allow quick visual (qualitative) comparison. In addition, when a NWS sounding at Grand Junction, Colorado was made at approximately the same time, its temperature structure in the height interval shown was plotted. The straight solid lines in each diagram are the approximate dry adiabatic lapse rate and wet (pseudo) adiabatic lapse rate. Because the 05:00 MST sounding was made at night, the temperature profiles were not obtained closer than about 500 feet to the surface. In this case, a single line was drawn from the surface observation of temperature to the lowest point to which the aircraft was able to safely descend. Although the temperature fine structure is not evident, the slope of the line gives a lower bound on the maximum lapse rate in the unprofiled height interval. On the 08:00 and 12:00 MST flights, the temperature profile was extended by flying down nearby valleys to altitudes as much as 700 feet below the plateau level (both tracts have proposed plant sites on the plateau- like regions). This procedure revealed the fact that in most cases, the inversion intensity below the plateau levels was much more severe than at the proposed plant altitudes. An excellent example of this type of behavior is shown in the temperature profiles taken at about 08:00 MST on 8 October 1974 (see Figure B-17). A quantitative comparison of the lapse rate at an altitude of 1000 feet above the surface between the NWS stations and the oil shale tracts is given in Table 4. For the oil shale tracts, the "surface" was II C-300 10 TABLE 4 TEMPERATURE LATSE RATE AT 1000 FEET ABOVE THE SURFACE CATEGORIZED ACCORDING TO THE PASQUILL-GIFFORD STABILITY SCHEME NOTE: Numbers in parentheses give the lapse rate in °C per 100 meters Date Flight Number SLC DEN GJT C-a C-b 10/1/74 10/2/74 10/3/74 10/4/74 10/5/74 10/6/74 10/7/74 10/8/74 10/9/74 10/10/74 10/11/74 10/12/74 10/13/74 10/14/74 10/15/74 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 E(+.66) E(+.03) E( +.41) D(-.88) D(-.93) D( -.85) E(+. 49) F(+2.07) E( -.04) D(-1.05) D(-.85) D( -.86) E(-.l) E(-.05) E( +.31) E(-.45) D(-1.0) E( -.37) E(-.37) D(-.71) E( +.02) D(-.91) D(-1.03) D( -1.08) D(-.5) E(+.32) E( +.79) D(-1.04) D(-1.01) D( -.94) E(-.33) E(-.31) D( -.75) D(-.94) msg D( -.82) E(+. 08) E(+1.4) E( +. 49) D(-.74) D(-.9) D( -.96) msg E(+. 49) E( +.30) D(-.7) D(-.95) Ui -1.03) D(-.62) E(+. 64) E( +.25) D(-1.07) D(-.99) D( -.97) E(+. 05) E(-.36) E( +. 56) D(-.95) D(-.90) D( -1.02) E(+. 17) E(-.22) E( -.49) D(-1.29) D(-.97) D( -.68) E(+. 35) E(-.4) El -.33) D(-1.08) D(-1.18) D -.82) E(4. 54) E(+.81) E -.12) D(-.98) D(-1.09) D -.97) E(+. 33) E(-.47) E (+.25) D(-.77) D(-1.04) D (-.97) E(+. 04) F(+1.72) E (..20) D(-.70) D(-.84) II C-301 D (-.82) E(+.05) D(-.5) msc E(-.43) D(-.95) D(-.98) D(-.96) D(-l. 1) E(-.25) E(-.29) D(-.66) E#(--28) D(-.9) D(-.94) D(-.9) D(-.94) E(+. 37) E(+,07) D(-.47) D(-.46) F(3.37) D(-.63) D(-.54) E(-.32) D(-.71) D(-1.02) D(-.93) D(-l. 1) D(-1.07) D(-.62) E(+.03) E(-.26) E(-.28) D(-1.07) D(-.9) E(-.41) E(. 79) D(-.62) D(-.56) D(-.92) D(-.98) D(-1.15) D(-1.03) E(-.29) E(-.34) E(-.26) D(-l. 18) D(-.9) D(-l. 26) D(-.78) D(-.66) Dv-.79) E(-.14) E(-.34) E(-.34) D(-.99) D(-.91) D(-l. 13) D(-1.2) E(+. 11) E(0.0) E(+. 45) E(t.25) D(-.85) D(-.84) D(-.87) D(-.87) E(-.34) D(-.6) E(-.44) E(-.04) D(-1.05) D(-.93) D(-1.05) D(-1.05) taken as the proposed plant sites on the plateau- like regions. The lapse rates were categorized according to the following scheme: Stability Temperature Difference (°C) Index over 100 meters A T<-1.9 B -1.9 £ T< -1.7 C -1.7 < T<-1.5 D -1.5 £ T< -.5 E - .5 £ T< 1. 5 F 1.5 < T As would be expected, the lapse rates begin in the early morning as slightly stable or stable and almost invariably by late morning and afternoon turn to neutral categories. In general, at this altitude, there is good agreement between oil shale tracts and NWS stations. 3. 2 UPPER AER WIND STRUCTURE The vertical wind structure over Salt Lake City, Denver and Grand Junction during the 1 October to 15 October 1974 study period is plotted on the Pseudo-Adiabatic Charts in Appendix A. As for the temperature profiles, each chart has the two normal soundings of the day plotted. The heavy flags are the results of the 24:00 GMT sounding and the light flags are the results of the 12:00 GMT soundings. A comparison of the detailed pibal trajectories in polar form at the oil shale tracts C-a and C-b for each sounding is given in Appendix C. The plotted points in the hodographs are the projected balloon positions corresponding to each individual sighting. The numbers beside the points give the computed altitude of the balloons in hundreds of feet for that particular sighting. A brief review of all of the comparisons shows that in some cases there is excellent agreement between the two sites and in some others there absolutely is none. In general there are more cases 12 II C-302 where there is some agreement between sites than where there is none; however, there is no apparent pattern for agreement with the limited data available. A check of the temperature profile comparisons reveals that there is no ready agreement between inter- site wind comparisons when temperature correlations are good. A quantitative comparison between winds at a particular level for the three NWS stations and the two oil shale tracts also reveals very little good correlation; although here again, there are sane cases where there is excellent agreement. Wind speed and direction comparisons at 8000 feet above MSL and 9000 feet above MSL are shown in Tables 5 and 6, respectively. 13 II C-303- TABLE 5 WINE SPEED AND DIRECTION 8000 FT ABOVE MSL SLC DEN GJT C-a C-b Date Hour ws WD WS WD WS WD WS WD WS WD 10 '1/74 06 5 300 5 265 2 240 1.7 055 calm calm 18 10 310 10 100 5 295 8.3 235 3.7 335 10/2/74 06 10 205 10 290 3 205 11.7 260 6.4 205 18 15 210 5 085 10 280 13.0 220 8.5 225 10/3/74 06 10 200 15 280 9 200 7.6 210 20.6 225 h 18 10 320 15 125 29 190 msg msg msg msg 10/4/74 06 10 300 25 285 15 245 msg msg msg msg 18 5 230 15 065 10 300 msg msg msg msg 10/5/74 06 10 265 20 155 15 275 msg msg msg msg 18 10 275 5 005 10 220 msg msg msg msg 10/6/74 06 5 060 5 175 10 130 msg msg msg msg 18 2 255 msg msg 10 055 msg msg msg msg 10/7/74 06 2 130 15 300 calm calm 1.4 355 1.3 215 18 2 300 2 060 7 300 7.2 000 6.1 345 10/8/74 06 msg msg 5 350 2 010 4.8 135 2.6 135 18 10 190 5 070 4 355 5.6 345 14.4 330 10/9/74 06 25 150 15 200 8 205 12.8 205 10.6 215 18 10 175 10 075 9 305 9.8 215 24.4 225 10/10/74 06 5 340 5 290 10 235 3.6 190 4.9 185 18 10 310 5 105 4 270 5.9 240 9.9 240 10/11/74 06 5 025 10 020 5 170 5.9 000 msg msg 18 10 015 10 000 25 170 msg msg msg msg 10/12/74 06 10 060 10 055 10 080 msg msg msg msg 18 10 040 5 185 5 075 msg msg msg msg 10/13/74 06 10 310 335 335 5 070 msg msg msg msg 18 10 335 010 010 4 310 3.4 315 7.8 335 10/14/74 06 10 335 020 020 12 025 5.2 025 1.7 015 18 10 295 355 355 9 14 II C 020 -304 335 3.7 325 TABLE 6 WIND SPEED AND DIRECTION 9000 FT ABOVE MSL SLC DEN GJT C-a C-b Date Hour ws WD ws WD WS WD WS WD WS WE 10/1/74 06 18 10 10 280 325 10 5 270 095 9 5 275 310 2.6 13.8 90 260 3.2 6.8 330 310 10/2/74 06 18 5 15 210 215 5 2 285 010 5 12 265 270 13.0 18.7 265 215 10.8 8.6 255 215 10/3/74 06 18 15 10 205 295 10 15 270 135 13 35 230 190 13.5 msg 225 msg 20.3 msg 240 msg 10/4/74 06 18 5 5 305 250 30 15 285 075 20 10 245 270 msg msg msg msg msg msg msg msg 10/5/74 06 18 10 10 280 275 20 10 180 325 25 20 235 265 msg msg msg msg msg msg msg msg 10/6/74 06 18 5 5 175 205 10 msg 185 msg 10 5 170 345 msg msg msg msg msg msg msg msg JO/7/74 06 18 5 5 205 235 15 2 300 360 8 10 270 300 5.1 4.7 235 305 calm 9.5 calm 355 10/8/74 06 18 msg 10 msg 185 5 5 020 075 3 4 330 325 2.8 6.3 40 325 1.7 3.3 220 290 10/9/74 06 18 30 15 170 180 15 10 200 090 12 8 225 285 25.8 16.7 215 225 25.1 31.6 215 225 10/10/74 06 18 5 10 275 290 10 5 260 180 12 9 225 250 8.4 6.7 210 225 10.9 9.1 205 250 10/11/74 06 18 5 10 015 050 10 10 025 015 9 25 210 165 5.7 msg 310 msg msg msg msg msg 10/12/74 06 18 10 10 050 065 10 5 070 195 5 5 150 070 msg msg msg msg msg msg msg msg 10/13/74 06 18 10 10 325 345 10 10 350 005 5 5 060 015 msg 1.9 mag 145 msg 5.4 msg 315 10/14/74 06 18 10 10 325 280 15 10 020 000 17 10 015 030 7.0 5.2 020 025 14. 5 9.2 035 340 10/15/74 06 18 10 10 315 325 10 10 325 300 II 3 5 "15 C-305 040 335 3.8 7.3 290 265 3.5 msg 010 msg APPENDIX A PSEUDO-ADIABATIC DIAGRAMS for Salt Lake City, Utah Denver, Colorado Grand Junction, Colorado over the period 1 October through 15 October, 1974 II C-3C6 -^•n— U. ■•*■ («•) i«mi<< h £k L' .L* A ;: ... 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I4r-^/ fcddii - / '4,. ;./ y_^. r. -^. 5 2 y\iy^.Y±^m^ir-< -£* J J^ f ; I //^H^U VVvr^-^A JCT4^3J 4^7i T-ir1/-^ "/^^uu-V^/ ; i+f'Tn^'-i T,;r?M'^ -'rH^tr. y/^.4H^#-^;rzfc:4 «l^;iXx Mi x <■ •<•' i- ■ — ,■^1-"'' - VVAAA ?i\< >■■■-■ 'A — -^ J — ui-i — ,.l-/-f/.;-).i ...i ! ..<; ;/|~n/ \fJf-~. i-jf-i- ±h±l^M±±L±j±zl HfflfflM JEH2& ; («j: h.ivswj 3 -1 2 J - 3 ~ -i 3 1 o _, 3 -i q - o ,o _. C y A-42 II C-348 c 0 (««> lunsijaj e < :> < ► o O l/> I < u a. < h n: < ^ fe ° * ° w ^2 2 U < o to I- ? 5 1 V co U < < 2 S w o ** o < ^ i Mil » ill .jjm:;: •! Lit* H*i j»li*:?i a _ rj- ffl? •-. rt t-f-;: p-j- ,: i r-fH- ip- i '— ■,■■- t ?*-— ^-f^t* r — */:-] — — — — - »-*- /- — ryr~*^J' [»r1?4 1 /;/'/ v^M- v~. J, J- 1ZJ pvl ? AAA rvArJ' r Y, ■ fifj -r-V-i r^— ^ ~f -ry* ■■■'■■ ' »■ . y-r-y- — H-— -' 7 ' — " • -;, r;- V- - -rrr ■/ ' 1' , ■•AvcA'Tjt^ '1 f / -< t r * ^s SMKp: -J- {•^-r^,-»-7-;-l/': -y*: — ; -— ^-1- ■ - L-4 —' ,-;- -^--f— -.4- :^M^ ;■.' e-,,* y .. ,. -.,4?-*!*- — af-77-t- ■]/"■/' /r-r'"T 'T-T/T^rT :_/- •A ? : ::!. j : •1 _ -1 H _ rv; : i\ \/ 'i J; , / * ¥ : ,..',..U.r ,, ;;'■..; ..... . l U f ; r , ■_ '-• 1 / M l • ; : • ;■ GlLli 3 j ■4 i > (<•) )8dW)«J A- 43 II C-349 < w u a _r H° - -JO 1 7 A-44 -II C-350- • ■'-■-•" -*•- (•■I mmu \a:-l. 3^ ! Jin-Ill- ««l ■\^\jt.U.^7TJ. ti Uii • >' ifii:»! M^^hr^r-^- ' II C-351 APPENDIX B Vertical Temperature Profile Comparisons Between Federal Oil Shale Tracts C-a and C-b During the Period 1 October through 15 October 1974 II C-352 13.000 i r 12.000 11.000 10.000 9.000 t.0 7,000 PSEUOO ADIABAT 6,000 J 1 I l___l I I I L _l I ' i 1 I 'ill' 1 I 1 ■2-1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 1/ 18 19 20 21 TEMPERATURE (CENTIGRADE) Figure B-l. Comparison of Vortical Temperature Soundings Made at 0400 on 1 October 1974 Over Tracts Oa and C-b II C-353 13.000 12,000 11.000 I- til El Li -I 10.000 P.000 f,MO 7,000 e.ooo -3 J ! I . ». PSEUDO ADIABAT t 1 r C-n C-b CUT _i L. J I L J I . I I I J I I I 1 1 1 ■2-1 0 1 2 3 4 6 6 7 6 0 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 16 1C 20 2! TEUPEflATURE (CENTIGRADE) Figure B-2. Comparison of Vertical Temperature Soundings Made at 0700 on 1 October 1974 Over Tracts C-a and C-b II C-354 13.000 12,000 11,000 10,000 9,000 6,000 7,000 ,000 -3 i 1 1 1 r C -a C -b J I I ,. 1 _l I . I I 1 1 I I I I I I I I I L -2-1 0 1 2 3 4 6 6 7 8 0 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 TEMPERA TUBE (CENTIGRADE) Figure B-3 Comparison of Vertical Temperature Soundings Made at 1 100 on 1 October 1974 for C-a and C-b II C-355 13.000 | j p 12,000 11,000 h U UJ l- ►- t UJ u 10.000 e.ooo e.ooo r.ooo -\ r i 1 i 1 r 6.000 -3 PSEUDO ADIABAT C -a C-b ~i r J 1 , I I I I L J L I I I l I ■ ' ' -2-1 0 1 2 3 4 6 6 7 8 8 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 TEMPERATURE (CENTIGRADE) Figure B-4. Comparison of Vertical Temperature Soundings Made at 1600 on 1 October 1974 for Tracts C-a and C-b II C-356 12.000 11.000 10.000 c.ooo 6,000 7,000 PSEUOO ADIABAT 6.000 J I L J i I 1 I L I I L i i i i i i I i I ■2-1 0 1 2 3 4 6 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 10 19 20 ?1 TEMPERATURE (CENTIGRADE) Figure B-5. Comparison of Vertical Temperature Soundings Made at 0400 on 2 October 1974 for Tracts C-a and C-b II C-357 13.000 12,000 - 11.000 - 2 UJ W IL I z o u _J Ul 10.000 - kC.000 - TEMPERATURE (CENTIGRADE) Figure B-6. Comparison of Vertical Temperature Soundings Made at 0700 on 2 October 1974 for Tracts C-a and C-b II C-358 13.000 12.000 11.000 ^ 10,000 LU UJ li. s Ul 9.000 6.000 7,000 PSEUOO ADIABAT 6,000 I I l I '. „ I i 1 1 I I I I i I L J L J. I J L -3-2-1 0 t 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 8 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 TO 21 TEMPERATURE (CENTIGRADE) Figure B-7. Comparison of Vertical Temperature Soundings Made at 1100 on 2 October 1974 for Tracts C-a and C-b II C-359 13.000 , , , , , 1 t , 1 1 , 1 f 1 r \ 12.000 11.000 L'J 111 HI 10.000 .6.000 e.ooo 7,000 6,000 T 1 1 1 1" C -a C -b GJT PSEUDO ADIABAT J L JL_ i I I .. 1 t I I i I I . 1 I I I L. _i __L. ■3-2-1 0 1 2 3 4 6 6 7 6 8 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 TEMPERATURE (CENTIGRADE) Figure B-8. Comparison of Vertical Temperature Soundings Made at 1600 on 2 October 1974 for Tracts C-a and C-b II C-360 ■" i 1 1 r 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 "1 7 3 -2 -1 C-a C - b 7 8 0 10 11 12 13 TEMPERATURE (CENTIGRADE) 18 19 _J._ 20 j 21 Figure B-9. Comparison of Vertical Temperature Soundings Made at 0400 on 3 October 1974 for Tracts C-a and C-b II C-361 13.000 12.000 - 11.000 - 2 »- Hi u u. I g ai _j at 10.000 - 7 6 0 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 1? PO 21 TEMPERATURE (CENTIGRADE) Figure B-10. Comparison of Vertical Temperature Soundings Made at 0700 on 3 October 1974 for Tracts C-a and C-b II C-362 13,000 12.000 - 11,000 - _J i- w 111 < > UJ -J 10.000 - P.000 e.ooo - 7tC>00 - 6,000 3-2-1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 6 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 \9 20 ?1 TEMPERATURE (CENTIGRADE) Figure B-ll. Comparison of Vertical Temperature Soundings Made at 1100 on 3 October 1974 for Tracts C-a and C-b II C-363 13,000 12.000 11,000 - •J 3 H Ul £ 10,000 I z o H % a u C.000 e.ooo 7,000 e.ooo J I i i ' i i i i i i___i i I i i i I I L -6 -5 -4 -3 -2-1 0 1 23458719 TEMPERA TUTtE (CENTIGRADE) 10 11 12 13 14 15 Figure B-12. Comparison of Vertical Temperature Soundings Made at 0500 on 7 October 1974 for Tracts C-a and C-b II C-364 13,000 12,000 t r t 1 r 11.000 £ 10,000 < > J UJ C.000 t.roo 7,000 I 1 1 ■ 1 1 1 1 1 i 1 ■ ■ o - a - ■ C - l) - GJT - e.ooo i i.i.i ' ' » ' ' i ' i , i ! I i i j i i i •6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 6 9 10 11 12 13 U 15 TETJPERATURE {CENTIGRADE) Fitrurc B-13. Comparison of Vertical Temperature Soundings Made at 9809 on 7 October 1974 for Tracts C-a and C-b II C-365 13.000 12,000 11,000 UJ £ 10,000 I' I J'.CfO e.coo 7,000 6.000 T 1 r P8EUD0 ADIABAT J I I I I \ I i < ' ' I J_ J I . i L ■4 -3 -2 -1 2 3 4 5 6 7 I TEMPERATURE (CENTIGRADE) P 10 11 12 13 14 15 Figure B-14. Comparison of Vertical Temperature Soundings Made at 1200 on 7 October 1974 for Tracts C-a and C-b II C-366 13,000 12,000 11,000 _J 3 11! £ 10,000 < 6,000 8,000 7,000 i i i i i 1 1 1 1 1 r C -a C -b HJEUDQ ADIAEAT 0,000 I i i I '■''» ! I'll I I 1 I I I 1 -0 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 < 6 6 T 9 0 10 11 12 13 t/ 15 TEMFERATl>RE (CENTIGRA^i.) Figure B-15. Comparison of Vertical Temperature Soundings Made at 1700 on 7 October 1974 for Tracts C-a and C-b II C-367 13.000 12,000 - 11.000 - h lil UJ u. I z o p % UJ -J HI 10.000 - TEMPERATURE (CENTIGRADE) Figure B-16. Comparison of Vertical Temperature Soundings Made at 0500 on 8 October 1974 for Tracts C-a and C-b II C-368 13,000 -i i i 1 [ ] r t 1 1 r 12.000 11,000 - 10.000 < > ID HI t.coo 1,000 7,000 t i t 1 t r — C -a — C -b - GJT e.ooo i ii. i j. i i i i . . i u i i i i i i 'it' i j i -3-2-1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 U 15 18 17 1C tO 20 21 TEMPERATURE (CENTIGRADE) Figure B-17. Comparison of Vertical Temperature Soundings Made at 0800 on 8 October 1974 for Tracts C-a and C-b II C-369 13,000 12.000 11.000 h W Ui u. IU 111 10.000 i.000 6,000 7.000 - PSEUDO ADIABAT 6,000 I 1— I I I I I i i i i i i ' I I i i 1 > i 1 I I -3-2-1 0 t 2 3 4 5 6 7 6 6 10 11 12 13 14 16 16 17 18 10 20 21 TEMPERATURE (CENTIGFiAOE) Figure B-18. Comparison of Vertical Temperature Soundings Made at 1200 on 8 October 1974 for Tracts C-a and C-b II C-370 t3,000 12,000 11.000 Ui W u. 1 < > Ul _J 10.000 e.ooo t.coo 7.000 H P8EUO0 ADIABAT 6,0-30 J I I L _l I I J I I I L i i i i L J L •3-2-1 0 1 2 3 5 6 7 B 0 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 10 10 20 21 TEWPEFUTURE (CENTIGRADE) Figure B-19. Comparison of Vertical Temperature Soundings Made at 0500 on 9 October 1974 for Tracts C-a and C-b II C-371 13.000 12,000 11.000 10.000 UJ IU 2 LJ -I 9,000 1,000 7,000 e.ooo -3 P8EU00 ADIABAT i 1 r \ 1 " r C -a C -b GJT i i 1 I I I I I I I 1 I I I i ' L i i I 1 L -2-1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 6 6 10 11 12 13 TEMPERATURE (CENTIGRADE) 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 Figure B-20. Comparison of Vertical Temperature Soundings Made at 0800 on 9 October 1974 for Tracts C-a and C-b II C-372 13.000 I 1 T "i i i r 12.000 1 1,000 10,000 - 5.000 e.ooo 7,000 PSEUOO ADIARAT t i 1 1 r C-a C-b coool 1 1 I I I i I L J I I L I 1 I 1 I I I L ■3-2-1 0 1 2 3 4 5 0 7 S 0 10 11 12 13 14 15 10 17 18 10 20 21 TEMPERATURE (CENTIGRADE) Figure B-21. Comparison of Vertical Temperature Soundings Made at 1200 on 9 October 1974 for Tracts C-a and C-b II C-373 13,000 12,000 11,000 -J I- UJ liJ u. IU -I tu 10.000 ^^.000 r.coo 7,000 -i 1 1 r i 1 1 1 r 1 1 i r c.ooo -3 ._, , r C -a C -b GJT PSEIKDO ADIABAT J I I L J I I ! I 1 L J I L L I I I 1 L ■2-1 0 1 2 3 4 6 6 7 D 8 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 10 TEMPERA TURE (CENTIGRADE) Figure B-22. Comparison of Vertical Temperature Soundings Made at 1700 on 9 October 1974 for Tracts C-a and C-b II C-374 13.000 12.000 - 11.000 - 10.000 fci.CJO ■ efioo 7,000 _ 6,000 1 1 1 1 1 . — i Figure B-23. Comparison of Vertical Temperature Soundings Made at 0500 on 10 October 1974 for Tracts C-a and C-b II C-375 13.000 12,000 11,000 H UJ Ui I. I 2 O P u 10,000 ,000 e.coo 7,000 6,000 I 1 1 L- -3 -2 -1 0 J 1 I I I ! I I I L_ I I I . 1 I . . I .. .1. 2 3 4 6 6 7 6 0 10 11 !2 13 14 TEMPERA TUHC (CENTIC- )E) 15 16 17 10 Figure B- L Comparison of Vertical Temperature Soundings Made at 0800 on 10 October 1974 for Trac ; C-a and C-b II C-376 13.000 12,000 11.000 10.000 kp.000 8.000 7.000 I I 1 I I 1 r 1 1 r 1 1 1 r C-a C-b 8,000 J I I . I I i ' L -1- J L J L I I I I I L ■3-2-1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 6 G 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 1( TEMPERATURE (CENTIGRADE) 20 21 Figure B-25. Comparison of Vertical Temperature Soundings Made at 1200 on 10 October 1974 for Tracts C-a and C-b II C-377 13.000 12.0C0 11.000 - 10,000 u. 2 e.cso - t.COCi - 7,000 - 0 ,coo Figure B-26. Comparison of Vertical Temperature Soundings Made at 1700 on 10 October 1974 for Tracts C-a and C-b II C-378 13.000 12,000 11.000 s K III £ 10.000 3 UJ D.OOO B.000 7.000 e.ocn J I ' ' ' I , I L- J L I I I •5 -4 -3 -2 -1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 6 9 10 11 12 t3 14 15 TEMPERA TUaO (CENTIGRADE) Figure B-27. Comparison of Vertical Temperature Soundings Made at 0500 on 11 October 1.974 for Tracts C-a and C-b II C-379 13,000 1 , , 1 1 r— 12.000 11,000 Ul £ 10,000 < > lu UJ 6,000 1,0-jO 7,000 e.ooo i 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 r c -a C -b GJT J i _l I ! I I I 1 1 I L I I 1 ,L I . I L -6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0123456760 TEMPERATURE (CENTIGRADE) 10 11 12 13 14 15 Figure B-28. Comparison of Vertical Temperature Soundings Made at 0800 on 11 October 1974 for Tracts C-a and C-b II C-380 13,000 _, , ,- 12,000 11,000 s £ 10,000 g < > UJ -I I.- f CC 'CO C.000 7,000 P8EUD0 AD e.ooo i 1 1 i i i > i ' ' i i i ' i i i i i j i -6-5-4-3-2-1 0 1 2 3 4 3 6 7 6 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 TEMPEKATIJRE (CENTIGRADE) Figure B-29. Comparison of Vertical Temperature Soundings Made at 1200 on 13 October 1974 for Tracts C-a and C-b II C-381 13.000 12.000 11.000 s »- u £ 10,000 ill -I 9.000 e.coo 7.000 PSEUOO ADIAa^T 6,000 I 1 1 1 1 I I 1 I I I I I I L J I •6-5-4-3-2-1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 6 0 10 11 12 13 14 15 TEMPERA TURE (CENTIGRADE) Figure B-30. Comparison of Vertical Temperature Soundings Made at 1700 on 13 October 1974 for Tracts C-a and C-b II C-332 13.000 i i i i 1 1 1 1 1 1 r 12,000 TEMPERATURE (CENTIGRADE) Figure B-31. Comparison of Vertical Temperature Soundings Made at 0500 on 14 October 1974 for Tracts C-a and C-b II C-383 13.000 12.000 11.000 2 * w £ 10.000 < > UJ e.coo 8.000 7.000 6,000 I I i I I I I I I I I I I I I I 1 1 1 1 1 -6-5-4-3-2-1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 6 ft 10 11 12 13 14 15 TEMPERATURE (CENTIGRADE) Figure B-32. Comparison of Vertical Temperature Soundings Made at 0800 en 14 October 1974 for Tracts C-a and C-b II C-384 13.000 12.000 11.000 H III KJ 10.000 < > ui P.000 P.000 r.ooo 6.000 I I 1 I I I I I I I I I I I I 1 1 ! I 1 1 -ft -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 0 7 6 8 10 11 12 13 U 15 TEMPERATURE (CENTIGHADE) Figure B-33. Comparison of Vertical Temperature Soundings Made at 1200 on 14 October 1974 for Tracts C-a and C-b II C-385 13.000 12,000 11,000 -J 1 UJ £ 10,000 < UJ p.ooo 1,000 7.000 e.oco P8EUD0 ADIABAT \v . J 1 1 1 1 I I I I I I I I L 1 I 1 1 L -6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 12 3 4 5 6 7 TEMPERATURE (CENTIGRADE) 0 10 11 12 13 14 15 Figure B-34. Comparison of Vertical Temperature Soundings Made at 1700 on 14 October 1974 for Tracts C-a and C-b II C-386 13.000 12,000 11,000 - 2 - W 10,000 < > u -J Ul 9,000 - e.ooD 7.000 - 6,000 I 1 1 Figure B-35. Comparison of Vertical Temperature Soundings Made at 0500 on 15 October 1974 for Tracts C-a and C-b II C-387 13,000 12,000 11,000 »- u £ 10,000 < 111 8,003 8.000 7,000 6,003 I 1 1 1 I I I I I I J '''I I I I I I I I -6-5-4-3-2-1 0 1 2 3 4 5 0 7 6 0 10 11 12 13 14 15 TEMPERATURE (CENTIGRADE) Figure B-36. Comparison of Vertical Temperature Soundings Made at 0800 on 15 October 1974 for Tracts C-a and C-b II C-388 13,000 t 1 1 r i 1 1 r 12.000 11,000 s £ 10.000 I p < IU »,0K) c.coo 7.000 e.coD P8EUD0 ADIABAT J I I I I ■ 1 I I I I I I I I I I I 1 1 L ■6 -5 -4 -3 -2-1 0 1 2 3 4 5 C 7 I TEMPERATURE (CENTIGRADE) 0 10 11 12 13 14 15 Figure B-37. Comparison of Vertical Temperature Soundings Made at 1200 on 15 October 1974 for Tracts C-a and C-b II C-389 13,000 n 1 1 1 r 12.000 11,000 £ 10,000 < > u 8,000 e.ooo 7,000 P8EUD0 ADIABAT 8,000 I 1 1 1 ! L_ 1 1 1 I I I I l I I I I .1.1 I -6-5-4-3-2-1 0 1 2 3 4, 5 6 7 6 0 10 11 12 13 V. 15 TEMPERATURE (CENTIGRADE) Figure B-38. Comparison of Vertical Temperature Soundings Made at 1700 on 15 October 1974 for Tracts C-a and C-b II C-390 APPENDIX C Winds Aloft Comparisons Between Federal Oil Shale Tracts C-a and C-b During the Period 1 October 1974 through 15 October 1974 II C-391 N"000 2701 10/1/74 04:03 C-a lDD3ff/div C-b 1000 fj/div _ 90= Figure C-l. Comparison of Pibal Soundings Made at 0400 MST on 1 October 1974 over Tracts C-a and C-b II C-392 N^OOO 270' — 90° 10/1/74 07(H) C-a 200 ff/div C-b 10G3 fl/div Figure C-2. Comparison of Pibal Soundings Made at 0700 MST on 1 October 1974 over Tracts C-a and C-b II C-393 N-000 <>?0 10/1/74 11DO C-a lOSOft/div C-b lOOOK/div Figure C-3. Comparison of Pibal Soundings made at 1100 MST on 1 October 1974 over Tracts C-a and C-b II C-394 N-OOO 270° /'j>-^ T24~^J0- \^36^\ \54 Ik 42 ~^4T« 60 -wo V" C36 N C-A C - I ieo 90° 10/1/75 1GS0 C-a 2050 ft/div C-b 10P1ff/ Figure C-7. Comparison of Pibal Soundings made at 1100 MST on 2 October 1974 over Tracts C-a and C-b II C-398 N»CO0 270 10/2/7« 1R (33 C-a 2C13 ft/div C-b 2PO0 ft/tfiv Figure C-8. Comparison of Pibal Soundings made at 1600 MST on 2 October 1974 orer Tracts C-a and C-b II C-399 N*000 1G0 10/3/74 0703 C-a 2CCQ ft/div — C-b 26KSO «/div Figure C-9. Comparison of Pibal Soundings made at 0700 MST on 3 October 1974 over Tracts C-a and C-b II C-400 N- 000 270 Figure C-10. Comparison of Pibal Soundings made at 1100 MST on 3 October 1974 over Tracts C-a and C-b 10/3/14 1108 C-a ZGKift/dJv C-b 20C0ft/div - 90° II C-401 N-=000 ■j::v C-A 10/7/74 0500 C-a 10CO ft/div C-* 200 f?/div Figure C-ll. Comparison of Pibal Soundings made at 0500 MST on 7 October 1974 over Tracts C-a and C-b II C-402 N^OOO <;;o 10/7/7* 0800 C-i 105Dft/div C-b 1009 ti/div Figure C-12. Comparison of Pibal Soundings made at 0800 MST on 7 October 1974 over Tracts C-a and C-b II C-403 N = 000 270 10/7/74 C-« 16&3 ft/dlv C-b I££3ft/dlv Figure C-13. Comparison of Pibal Soundings made at 1200 MST on 7 October 1974 over Tracts C-a and C-b II C-404 270° \ N-=0OO \ \ \ "T_ 'Jm oxv 33V J ^ m \ 39" 1K> \*60 (7? \\flO''C C-B 90° 10/7/7* 17CQ C-a UMft/dlv — C-fc 10BO ft/tfiv Figure C-14. Comparison of Pibal Soundings made at 1700 MST on 7 October 1974 over Tracts C-a and C-b II C-405 N = WO 160 - 90° 10/8/74 0800 C-a 1S00 ft/ctiv C-b lB30ft*iiy Figure C-15. Comparison of Pibal Soundings made at 0800 MST on 8 October 1974 over Tracts C-a and C-b II C-406 iiO \ M'=f"J \ jxs- l/A W v&« «»T27 2 CO0 IK) 10/8/74 1200 C-a IG',0 ft/div C-b 1000 ft/div Figure C-16. Comparison of Pibal Soundings made at 1200 MST on 8 October 1974 over Tracts C-a and C-b II C-407 N^OOO lO/fi/74 1700 C-a lEoO ft/div C* 1053 ft/iW Figure C-17. Comparison of Pibal Soundings made at 1700 MST on 8 October 1974 over Tracts C- a and C-b II C-408 270 10/9/74 0500 C-J 20&3 ft/div C-b 2000 ft/div Figure C-18. Comparison of Pibal Soundings made at 0500 MST on 9 October 1974 over Tracts C-a and C-b II C-409 270 10/9/74 0800 C-a fiCSC rt/div C-fc «20C ft/ dlv Figure C-19. Comparison of Pibal Soundings made at 0800 MST on 9 0ctobcr 1974 ovor Tracls c_a anrf c b II C-410 N = 000 - L / \ i i _/_ C-A *M\ **7 XT 270° P I" - . V2?, 1K) Figure C-20. Comparison of Pibal Soundings made at 1200 MST on 9 October 1974 over Tracts C-a and C-b 90" 10/9/74 1203 C-i "CGC3 fi/div C-b 2GJ0 ft/ciiv II C-411 N*=000 270° 1C0 Figure C--21. Comparison of Pibal Soundings made at 1700 MST on 9 October 1974 over Tracts C-a and C-b 10/S/74 1700 C-a 2003 ft/div C-b 4C00 ft/div II C-412 N-000 270 1K> Figure C-22. Comparison of Pibal Soundings made at0500 MST on 10 October 1974 over Tracts C-a and C-b 10/10/75 0500 C-a GGSOftAMv C-b 1003 tr/div II C-413 ►3 O en o o i-3 4 P O fO < o H P d- H- H (D s re c+ p h-1 w O P ct P ^-^ ft) to Hj -C N«=000 '6CT c-» *&/ 270° 100 Figure C-23. Comparison of Pibal Soundings made at 0800MST on 10 October 1974 over Tracts C-a and C-b 90c 10/10/74 0803 C-8 leCSft/div C-*> 1000 ft/dlv II C-414 N«=000 Figure C-24. Comparison of Pibal Soundings made at 1200 MST on 10 October 1974 over Tracts C-a and C-b 10/10/74 1200 C-a IPO ft/div C-b ISO ft/div II C-415 c N = 000 1 \ NxS\\ / 1 fySrj& •B C-A, \: 2L 160 Figure C-25. Comparison of Pibal Soundings made at 1700 MST on 10 October 1974 over Tracts C-a and C-b 10/10 /T« 1TC9 C-8 ItM tt/filV C-fc Iwi) fj/dlv 69 K>° II C-416 N = 000 270 Figure C-26. Comparison of Pibal Soundings made at 0500 on 11 October 1974 over Tracts C-a and C-b 10/11/74 8500 C-a 10SO ft/div C-b 10G3 ft/eiiv II C-417 N-000 Figure C-27. Comparison of Pibal Soundings made at 0800 MST on 11 October 1974 over Tracts C-a and C-b 10/11/74 0800 C-a ICOOft/div C-fc 1CS0 fi/riiv II C-418 N*=000 270 Figure C-28. Comparison of Pibal Soundings made at 1200 MST on 11 October 1974 over Tracts C-a and C-b 10/11/74 12 CO C-a 200 fr/cfiv C-* 2CE3 f,-/dtv II C-419 hl = 0O0 130 Figure C-29. Comparison of Pibal Soundings made at 1200 MST on 13 October 1974 over Tracts C-a and C-b 10/13/74 1200 C-a 2030 ft/div C-b 2000 ft/div II C-420 270 Figure C-30. Comparison of Pibal Soundings made at 1700 MST on 13 October 1974 over Tracts C-a ana' C-b 10/13/74 1700 C-a 1000 ft/div C-b 2000 ft/div II C-421 N^OOO 1»*60 Figure C-31. Comparison of Pibal Soundings made at 0500 MST on 14 October 1974 over Tracts C-a and C-b 10/14/74 0000 C-a 2000 ft/div C-b 1000 ft/div II C-422 N*-000 ?70< Fipure C-32. Comparison of Pibal Soundings made at 0800 MST on 14 October 1974 over Tracts C-a and C-b 10/14/74 C-a 1000 ft/div CH) 2000 ft/div II C-423 N^OOO Figure C-33. Comparison of Pibal Soundings made at 1200 MST on 14 October 1974 over Tracts C-a and C-b 10/14/74 1200 C-a 4C00ft/div C-b 4000 ft/div II C-424 N^OOO 270 90° Figure C-34. Comparison of Pibal Soundings made at 1700 MST on 14 October 1974 over Tracts C-a and C-b 10/14/74 1700 C-a 1000 ft/div C-b 2000 ft/div II C-425 N*=OCO 270' 160 Figure C-35. Comparison of Pibal Soundings made at 0800 MST on 15 October 1974 over Tracts C-a and C-b 10/15/74 0800 C-a 2000 ft/div C-b 2000 ft/div 90- II C-426 N«=000 \ 270 Figure C-36. Comparison of Pibal Soundings made at 1200 MST on 15 October 1974 over Tracts C-a and C-b 10/15/74 1200 C-a 1000 (t/dv C-b 2000 ft/div - 90c II C-427 N^OOO Figure C-36. Comparison of Pibal Soundings made at 1200 MST on 15 October 1974 over Tracts C-a and C-b 10/15/74 1200 C-a lOOOft/dv C-b 2000 ft/div II C-428 ;..■.;■; ■:■■.:■; •; • : RECEIVED ...■' ', -• • ;. DEC 9 1974 The Oil Shale Corporation MAX VV. LEGATS^/ 10200 WEST HIGHWAY 72 '.:'••. GOLDEN, COLORADO 80401 303/279-7721 CABLC aoohcsvTOSCOPETRO" December 4, 1974 10100 santa monica boulevard LOS ANGELES. CALIFORNIA 90067 .*•••;. t. :;'■■: LABORATORY DATA LETTER 74-134 Dr. MaxW. Legatski '- •; Atlantic Richfield Company '•.'•'. • ' 2 Park Central, Suite 555 ',• T\ . Denver, Colorado 80202 .'' .•;■."■ ' : .; Re: Air Monitoring and Analytical •:. Determinations of Volatile Trace -.■■--,,-. . Metals at the C-b Tract Project No. 197 ■- Dear Max: -•_:....•'... .'.- ; This is the first quarterly report on the sampling and determination of airborne concentrations of volatile trace metals, e.g. , arsenic , selenium and mercury at the C-b tract. Samples of all these metals were collected at the meteorological tower on November 22, 1974. The relevant meteorological data is included in Table 1. Air sampling for particulate matter in the respirable ranges (0.1 to 1.0 micron) could not be performed because of the late arrival of the needed equipment. • •■■■ Selenium and arsine were sampled using impingers - containing appropriate absorbing solutions. A 10 ml aliquot of doubly distilled water was used for collecting selenium Hereafter, referred to and determined as arsine. Arsenic oxides and arsenates are also encountered in the air and • will be measured as particulates by the spark source spec- troscopy. "■...• II C-429 Dr. MaxW. Legatski ■ '>•.'•.. - ' December A, 1974 /•«•• • Page 2 •'•..-..• (concentration expressed as selenium oxide) and a 4 ml por- tion of silver diethyldithiocarbamate-pyridine solution for arsine. These two metals were sampled at the rate of 2.5 1/min until sufficient volume of air (between 0.1 to 0.3 cubic meter) passed through the impingers containing absorbing solutions. Airborne mercury was collected by using a cannister which Was placed tightly at the bottom of the high volume sampler. The cannister contained two layers of fine silver wire and a glass wool plug between the two layers. A known volume of air was passed through the cannister, thus allowing mer- cury to amalgamate with silver. The analytical techniques used for the determination of these metals are summarized in Table 2. Also included in the same table is pertinent information on sampling and con- centrations of metals obtained. Very truly yours , ARUN D. SHENDRIKAR Senior Research Chemist ADS/aw /'■ Encs. . ' . Approved (MTA) (FCH) I II C-430 '•' . TABLE 1 METEOROLOGICAL DATA RECORDED NOVEMBER 22, 1974 Sampling Point Barametric Pressure Temperature Wind Velocity Wind Direction Relative Humidity Meteorological Tower « . 593.30 mm Hg 50°F 15 mph Southwest 38% The day was clear, cold and reasonably sunny. II C-431 / / • . + A- 'A- CJ »— • N CD P- D* *< o o 3 CD o ♦-<• P »— • 1-3 o W . «~t- »-■- 3 «Q !~« P cr o p ri- O o Cfl •^ o 3 n> 2 c 3 o- o a CD < o 3 T3 w 3 CD CD ►1 CD U> CO CD O CO g M CD O O CD CD 3 a. ►-*■ 3 o P- o o a o CM r-l- 03 c Cn to CO o CD CO O 3 < #"; »1 «• >-* o o o o O (~>> r+ 3 o cn o % * to cn P ■1 w t. i — ' o »-■ 2 O < P "S CO O o 8 o 3 o CO o* to C »-s r+ !-«■ o 3 a ^ ft g 3 -- o CD << S g S o w p. 5 CD 3 p Cu p to B r+ CJ > 5- o CD CO s-8 CO O 3 CD 3 I 1 3 CD 5 CD O Q 3 • CD CD 3 3* CD P CD P- c+ O 3 o ►i o J p to to P i— ■ t— • O CD CO CD CO • o o CO o I— » CD W 5 5- •■< CD 5< P? P 3* cn O J* o 3 CD CD 3 ^ to 3 ° ^ ? gp CD p W P 3 p r* CD to O 3 o I CD •1 to • CD CD CD QJ P t— ■ !-•• o p 1— ■ cd p to Cfl -1 H CO o p 3 t— « CD P 3 , a> > tn m o • • o to o o CO o T3 I ro