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LIBRARY

OF THE

MASSACHUSETTS

AGRICULTURAL

COLLEGE

-t 74
H3H2
1865

SOURCE.

This book may be kept out

TWO WEEKS

only, and is subject to a fine of TWO
CENTS a day thereafter. It will be due on
the day indicated below.

OCI 4 1899

I

TRAIN BAOTIOJSS

OP THE

IlAMPSIIIllE

A(}RTCULTURAL SOCIETY

1865.

PREPARED BY THE SECRETARY,

AMHEKST:

nJULllSHEl) r.Y TJIE BOCIF.TY.
1865.

LIBRARY

UNIVERSITY OF
MASSAC _2'''^

AMHERSl ^at)S.

(^

.^6

%ixnv[h jof i)^t ^atxd^,-

The Sixteenth Annual Cattle Show and Fair of Hampshire'
Agricultural Society, occurred on their grounds, in Amherst, on^
the 26th and 27th of Sept.- l8&6. Since the last publication of
the transactions of the Society, the society has been steadily
growing in numbers and prosperity, and has gained a strong hold
ttpon the community within which it is located. The expediency
of holding its exhibitions within an enclosure, and upon lands of
its own is no longer an experiment, but the experience of si'2^
years has demonstrated that it is the true way to make the So-
ciety popular and prospero-usJ The great prejudice which in tHe'
first year of the adoption of this plan, existed in the minds of
some of its members, has been gradually dissipated, and it now re-
ceives the hearty support and co-operation of the Farmers and
Mechanics of the District. Each successive exhibition has
brought out a larger number of contributors, and a better variety
of articles for competition. The effect of this ia already visible.
Farmers are paying more attention to the improvement of their
farms. The old established customs of their fathers are bein^
discarded. Experiments brought out by the patient trials of some,-
are eagerly adopted by others, — and a great improvement in
Agriculture is the result. Labor saving implements of farming
are rapidly introduced ; and very few persons who make farming
their business can now be found who do not use the Mowing Ma-
chine, the Horse Kake, the Hay Tedder, the Horse Hoe, and the

4 ■ ANNALS OF TITK SOCIETY.

Corn Planter, and the result is an increaaed production of cropss
with a smaller amount of labor.

In the production of Fruit, a marked and viHiblo improvement
iH 8cen. It is not many years since the best displays upon our
tables came from without the limits of the society. Now our
farmers can vie with any portion of the community in this res-
pect. Thousands of choice varieties of Fruit trees have been in-
troduced, with profit and pleasure.

In the stock department of our Show a marked improvement
is visible. Choice grades of Sheep have been sought for and in-
troduced by some of our enterprizing farmers, and the result of
their experiments has induced many others to imitate their ox-
ample. Some of the finer varieties of Cattle have also made their
appearance among us, and considerable attention is paid to this
department.

Although not so largely a manufacturing community as some
others, yet in this respect our exhibitions have nothing to be
ashamed of. Each year presents some new feature in this res-
pect, and encourages bright hopes of the future.

To the ladies of the Society are we largely indebted for the
success of these exhibitions. Their skillfull hands bring forth in-
numerable articles — of fancy and utility — whilst the "golden
product of the milky kine"' attests to their skill as housewives.
And last but not least their smiling presence adds grace and
pleasure to the exhibitions, which we could ill atFord to dispense
with, — may the day be far distant when this untoward event
shall befall us.

■ The experience of several successive years had fully demon-
strated that the days fixed by the legislature for our Annual Ex-
hibition were much two late in the season. Carrying as it did
the time nearly into the middle of October, we weri.' apt to have
stormy weather, — induud fair days were rather the exce])tion than
the rule. Many of the finer productions wore past, — few ilowery

ANNALS OF THE SOCIETY. O

Withstood thu frosts ot that ponod — and the shortened days <^avu
little time for the exhibition. To obviate this dilliculty the days
for oxlnbition were last year changed by legal enactment to the
latter part of September. Thus far this change has been condu-
sive to our prosperity, and future oxpcrieuce will undoubtedly
testify to the wisdom of the act.

The first day of the exhibition opened bright and fair, and the
roads were soon crowded with exhibitors, bringing in their pro-
ductions, Long strings of Cattle, driven by sturdy farmers ;
Rosy cheeked Matrons with their domestic productions ; Youths
and Maidens, all wended their way towards the Park, giving
ample employment to the Secretary in receiving tlieir contribu-
tions. At an early hour the Ilall presented an imposing appear-
ance, and although the number of entries in this department was
somewhat less than in previous years, yet they made ample rec-
ompense in quality for what they lacked in quantity.

The following entries were made :

Town Teams 3 ; Working Oxen 17 ; Steers 12 yokes ; Cattle for
the Stall 6 ; Bulls 9 ; Milch Cows 11 ; Heifers less than 3 years old

3 ; Calves 4 ; Swine 11 ; Sheep 13 ; Poultry 16 ; Stallions 5 ; Colts
18; Farm Horses 13-; Roadsters 12; Breeding Mares with Colts

4 ; Trotters 5 ; Equestrianism 2 ; Carriage Horses 34; Miscellan-
eous Stock — Herds 3 ; Collections of Fruit 4 ; Pears 4 ; Apples
19 ; Grapes 4 ; Peaches 2 ; Quinces 7 ; Cranberries and Dried
Fruits 16 ; Flowers 10 ; Seeds Grains and Roots 45 ; Fine Arts
IG ; Garden Vegetables 23 ; Collections of Garden Vegetables 2 ;
Wines, Jellies, Canned Fruit and Pickles 14 ; Mechanic Arts 22;
Bread IS ; Butter 8 ; Cheese 6 ; Domestic Manufactures 23 ; Honey

5 ; Fancy Articles 39,— Total, 487.

In the Floral department, notwithstanding the blighting effect
of the long continued drought, a fine display greeted the eye.
The specimens presented were of the finer varieties of flowers,
and most of them arranged with uxfjuisite skill. It it^ liupud

6 ANNALS OF XUE SOCIErY.

that a more favorable season next year will give our ladies great-
er scope in competition in this department.

The ladies contributed quite largely to the department of Fan-
cy articles, all of which were so meritorious that comparisons
would be invidious.

Of Domestic Manufactures there was as large display as usual,
demonstrating that the use of the loom, spinning-wheel and knit-
ting needles had not become obsolete.

The display of Fruit was much larger and finer than had been
anticipated. The ravages of the Canker Worm, and the scorch-
ing drought, hiad led us to anticipate a meagre show, but we
were joyfully disappointed. Two Ibng tables- groaned beneath
the weight of luscious looking Apples, Pears, Peaches, Qtiinces
and Grapes. To the cultivation of the latter fruit, our farmers
are now paying considerable attention. One contributor alone,
contributed fifteen varieties.* It bids fair to becomea souree of
profit.

Of Garden vegetables a fine display was mad'e, — better thaii in
any former years. Within a few years our farmers have been
turning their attention to this branch of agriculture, and this re-
gion of the Connecticut valley sends annually to the city markets
vast quantities of v&getables, which yield a remunerative compen-
sation to the producer.

The Fine Arts were well represented by artists of acknowl-
edged merit, and amateurs of coneid'erablc skill.-

Out of doors the show of Stock was creditable to the Society.-
Working oxen fit for the shambles, Cows, Heifers, Calves and
Steers, made up an imposing collection of Stock. The choicer
breeds of Swine were also well represented by a score of comj)et-
itors.

The Poultry department also presented quite an attractive ap-
pearance,, many choice breeds of fowls being represented.

ANNALS OF THE SOCIETY. 7

Th'e forenoon was devoted to examinations by the Convnittees,
and also -by tlie numerous spectators. At 2 o'clock a goodly
number repaired to the Hall to listen to an address by Professor
Chadbourne of Williams College, His theme was *' Agriculture
as an Employment ; Its Dignity and JReqidrements." It is un-
necessary to say that it was full of thoughts instructive, and it is
much to be regretted that we are unable to publish it in our
transactions. By a formal vote of the Society, a copy was reques-
ted for publication, but for reasons satisfactory the request was
declined.

A new feature was this year introduced on the first day.
Heretofore the trials of speed have been restricted to the last
hour of the second day ; but this year a match for a purse was
made between two Stallions owned respectively by Charles Ho-
sier of Deerfield, and Julius Shepard of Greenfield, which added
znuch to the entertainment of the day.

A match game of Base Ball was also played between the
Hampshire Base Ball Club of Northampton, and the Nicsean Nine
of Amherst College. This interesting game absorbed the atten-
tion of the spectators, until the dusky shades of evening warned
them of the close of the exhibition for this day.

The second day of the Show opened in unclouded splendor,
and the spacious grounds of the Society were soon crowded with
pedestrians. This day is more particularly devoted to the exhi-
bition of Horses, and the entries were more numerous than ever
before.

At ten o'clock a grand cavalcade was formed extending nearly
around the half mile track, which under the Marshalship of
Sheriff H. A. Longley, and preceded by the Belchertown Brass
Band, made several circuits of the grounds. After this the ex-
aminations of Committees occupied the time until one o'clock,
when a half hour was devoted to feats of equestrianism, in which
two ladies appeared as competitors and won enthusiastic plaudits
from the crowd.

8 ANNALS OF THE SOCIETY.

At half past one, such <as wished repaired to the Hall where
dinner was prepared by Mr. J. B. Wood of the American House,
to which ample justice was done.

At itR close came the "feast of reason," which was opened by
the President, Hon. Levi Stockbridge, who m brief recounted
the progress of the Society and the results already attained.

Hon. Henry F. French, president of the Agricultural College,
recently located in Amherst, was introduced to the audience, and
gave them some practical advice on the subject of Agriculture as
applied to this region. Prof. Julius H. Seelj'^e of Amherst Col-
lege also made a few brief and happy remarks, illustrating the
connection between the educated and laboring community.

Hon. Chas. G. Davis, Delegate from the State Board of Agricul-
ture to this exhibition, made some brief remarks, and tendered
some advice respecting the future management of the Society,'
which favorably impressed many of his hearers. This closed the
exercises at the table, and the audience adjourned to the grounds
where trials of speed occupied the remaining hours of the day,
concluding the most successful exhibition of the Society.

KEPOHTS.

liepori on Jflofotrs.

SECTION I.
The Love of the Beautiful, God Given and Heaven Born.

Our Creator formed tlie eartli in beauty and symmetry. Ho
ppanned above it the jewelled sky, ever revealing, ever flashing
forth, new splendor and charms. Then he made man endowed with
immortality, with a capacity for beholding, enjoving and cherish-
ing all the beauty which is mingled in His works. Plad He de-
signed man merely to cultivate the useful, apart from the beauti-
ful, an Eden would never have been provided as the abode of
our first Parents. The great Architect of the world is no waster,
therefore, the profuse adornment which crowns His works ; the
mystic charm of Nature is designed for man's attention. There
is an innate power of loving the beautiful, in a greater or less
degree, within the heart of all persons living. Indeed, this pow-
er is an instinct of the human soul. It is God-given and Heaven-
born. It is the greatest, and most rational source of human en-
joyment. Whatever in Nature serves to enhance, — to bring out
this faculty, should be sought after, and regarded wuth care.

I know of no objects better adapted to this end, than the
bright, delicate flowers. "Wg find them everywhere. Tliey

10 REPORTS.

spring up all over the surface of the earth, ns rife as the stars in
the heavens. Man feels a glowing love within his heart for the
beauty which resides so supremely in the bud and blossom, which
is extinguished only with life. Even the babe, a mere human
blossom of itself, will notice a flower and reach forth its dimpled
hand to eagerly clasp the waxen stem.

Since flowers are symbols of God's love, even used by the
blessed Jesus as an illustration of His teachings unto the Jews,
let us awaken within our souls, a tenderness, a parental care, and
an ardent love for them; until the homes of New England are
made attractive, by their introduction into every garden, yea,
until each window sill shall possess a beauty-giving, — a soul-re-
fifiing treasure, in the form of some fragrant exotic, — performing
a mission of love upon each beholder.

SECTION II.

Remarks on Flowers and their Cidtivation,

It is not sufficient that we possess an eye for the beautiful, but
we should aim to create and cultivate the beautiful.

Whoever is engaged in decorating his or her home, according
as means will allow, with artistic taste, may be justly termed a
benefactor to mankind. It requires industry, skill, perseverance
and taste to cultivate flowers. Flowers are as worthy of atten-
tion and cultivation, as are the grasses, grains and vegetables in
agriculture. Their careful cultivation often results in profit and
pleasure, as does the efforts, labor and scientific knowledge of
Chemistry when applied to the farm. For instance, how often do
we see some Floral dealer realizing more profit from a quarter of
an acre of ground that has been planted and sowed with choice
flowers, than as i^ough it had been planted with common grain,
and at the same time he gives pleasure to all who pass his
grounds and observe his flower-bedo.

KEFORTS. 11

But, it is not every man that can plan and cultivate even a
garden with real success and skill. It seems as if nature had de-
signed some men for ihe culture of her works, and that Ave have
born-gardeners-, as well as born-poets. One is as worthy of ap-
probation as the other, if we would have the resources of artisti-
cal taste complete. The Poet gratifies us with the utterance of
an original idea of beauty ; while the Florist, who produces a
new kind of the same species, by re-planting and culture, satisfies
a refined taste, and surprises us by his experiment.

"Epicurus first gave the idea of a Flower-garden attached to
dwellings, to the Athenians, about two hundred and sixty years
before the birth of Christ. Plautas assigned the custody of gar-
dens to Venus ; and Pliny observed that the labors of the garden
formed one of the occupations of females in his time ; and that it
was a common observation in those days, when a garden was out
of order, and not well-kept, that the mistress was a bad house-
wife." But iiccording to our own observation, of the interest man-
ifested by the two sexes, in the keeping u^ of a good garden at
the present day, we believe that Pliny's opinion could be easily
refuted. It is too often the case among our best Farmers, that
theT/ neglect their gardens ; while the overtaxed house-wife strug-
gles to have it well-tended, and feels the want of its products to
make up relishable dishes for her table. .

Horticultural pursuits were deemed sc honorable amongst the-
Eomans, that many of their distinguished families derived their
surnames from some sjDecies of fruit or vegetable, which they
were celebrated for cultivating.

If our ladies, who cultivate flowers at the present day do nolj
succeed in handing down surnames to future generations, they
may, if they will, have their tastes improved, — their ideas of true^
beauty enlarged, yea, even their teynpers improved, by mingling
much with the soft-hued, fragrant pansies, the pleasure-giving
mignonette, the waxen, modest lilly, and the clumpy Pinks,

12 KEPORTS.

which are ever emblematical to me of domestic contentment, and
perchance, the culture of flowers may so influence their cliarac-
ters, that they may hand down to future generations, powers of
mind which shall make a name known throughout the whole
■World.

Though we might speak of the gay gardens of Babylon, and of
those miniature Edens, as it were, of the Eastern nations, we must
hasten to refer to the practical part of a Flower-garden.

"When we have chosen our ground for flowers, we should first
lay it out in tasteful beds of various forms and sizes. The earth
should be finely pulverized, and richly manured. In the choice
of our plants, we should ever take into consideration the extent
of our grounds ; for large plants in small gardens are inappro-
priate. Elegance should ever be associated with neatness. It
should be a rule with a Florist not to imitate the style of larger
gardens, on limited ground, by introducing the serpentine wind-
inf^s of larger plantations ; while large grounds should not be cut
up with diamond-shaped beds ; but rather imitate nature more.
The bolder flowers should be half obscured by shrubs. The
smaller flowers should occupy the sloj^ing sides of banks, because
they are brought nearer the eye, and they will generally be
found growing naturally in such situations.

Attention should be shown to the succession of the flowering
of plants. Those plants that flower in the spring; such as the
early and hardy kinds of narcissus, anemones, snow-drops, cro-
cuses, double daisies, &c., should be planted in considerable
quantities in one spot, so as to make a striking appearance. Care
should be taken to contrast the colors as much as possible in a
flower bed.

The China-Aster is an exquisite flower and deserves an exten-
sive cultivation. According to "Nutall" upwards of sixty spe-
<;ies belong to this genus. This flower blossoms so late in the
fall that we should scatter them profusely among other flowers.

REPORTS. 13

Soni'e Asters have florets entirely quilled. The eeed which comes
from the Aster, should be taken from the centre, or principal
stem only, as the flowers on the lateral branches are never so
large or double, and consequently produce inferior plants. This
seed should be sown in the Spring, on a warm border or a gentle
hot-bed, and when the plants are three inches high they should
be transplanted, and kept shaded from the sun, and properly
watered till they have rooted.

The Immortelles, are a beautiful species of flower. They can
be preserved in bouquets of dried flowers. To meet with success
in their culture, care should be used in careful preservation of
flower-seeds from year to year. All flower-bed.H must be kept
free from weeds.

The Holly-hock is sometimes overlooked, as being too common,
We admire this flower in the garden. But they should be plant-
ed so as to stand together, so as to form little groves in some re-
tired corner, or even before kitchen windows, and we should aim
to have a great variety of colors and kinds.

Dahlias are worthy of much attention. They are gorgeous,
and of great variety, and form a charming adornment, for large
plants. They are raised from bulbs, which, in the Fall, should b-e
carefully housed in a dry place, and be kept from freezing. Each
plant requires but one bulb, New species can be procureci from
the seeds, which are found among the petals. Dahlias need to
have their bulbs changed, something like the potato, to retain
their beauty from year to year. They flourish well beneath' a
slight shade, but need rich soil. The Dahlia was formerly a
South American plant, and introduced into Europe by the Span-
iards in 1786.

Then there are the Verbenas, the purple and white Candy Tuft
— the Larkspur, The Perrennial Phlox, — the Mourning Bride,—
London Pride, — the Bell Flower, — all worthy of cultivation.

14 KKP0RT3.

A noted Gardener recently informed me that if tiie ladies let
their Verbenas grow uj:) witli '^less clipping," that the flowers
would be more gorgeous and of better size.

There are certain ingredients which may be mixed with com-
post, which if .applied to different flowers, will deepen their color,
and add to their beauty. For instance, charcoal dust applied to
the roots of the yellow rose, or blush rose, their shade will become
deeper. Old night-soil, or Sugar baker's scum, if finely sifted
and thrown over the Pink beds in Spring, will make the blossoms
of a richer color and larger. Pinks should be allowed to remain
not over two or three years, without change of soil, or situation.
When Pink loofe become old and Avoody, it is well to take them
up and divide them into slips.

Violets of all species, require a light soil, and thrive well if a
little shaded. A mixture of chalk with earth will make a good
dressing for them. "The seeds of the Pansy may be sowed at any
time. The ripening of the seed always injures the plant, which
can be prevente-d by cutting off the branches Avhen the beauty of
the blossom is past. They will thea send out fresh branches, and
contia,ue to bloom during the year, Transplanting adds to the
beauty of all the Violet species."

Since the^ violet is an emblem of modesty, we naturally associ-
ate with it the Lilly, the emblem of beauty and jDurity. Espec-
ially is the white Lilly worthy of culture. It is easy to cultivate,
and will thrive in almost any soil oi situation. It readily in-
creases by offsets, from the parent bulb. The offsets should be
removed from the old bulb every third year, and August is the
proper season for transplanting them.. They should be covered
with about five inches of earth, but on no account removed in
the Spring of the year, as this is found to check their flowering
for several years. It is well to mix Lillies with clumps of roses,
the effect beinfr agreeable to the eve. Their fragrance and beau-

REPORTS. IS

ty claima for them a place in every garden. "Phillips says that
the White Lilly is indisputably a native of the Holy Land."

We find, from transplanting, and cultivation, that many of our
wild flowers increase in size and beauty. For instance, the
Rannunculus or butter cup, the Spoonwood, and the Honey-
suckle, and are often found on the grounds of the wealthy aris-
tocrat.

But lastly, we would speak of the Rose, yet it is far from being
the least among flowers. Indeed, the Rose is the queen of flow-
ers. There are many varieties of Roses, estimated to be nearly a
thousand different ^species. "It is a flower that has been knowii
from time immemorial, so that it is impossible to discover its na-
tive country. The word is derived from the Greek, rodon, red ;
from whence comes Rosa,- Latin, and Rose, English." There are
every kind of shade among their color, as even a blue, and a
black rose have been produced by our Florists. Some are climb-
ing, and prove highly ornamental to all kinds of trellis work.
Climbing roses rarely send up new sprouts, and if a sprout is
wished for, it is well to bend a branch over, and cover the end
of it with earth, and after it is rooted, to cut it from the parent
-stem, and transplant it. The "Persian Rose" grows thirty feet
high ; "Lady Banks" twenty feet,, and the common Day rose
twelve feet high.

Roses were awarded as priz<!S for eloquence by Glemence
Isaure, who instituted the Floral games. It was formerly a cus^-
torn to place a Rose over the dining table, or at the doors of tem-
ples, or any place where secrecy was intended. If the suspen-
sion of a rose would be received as a symbol of secrecy, it would
be well to hang one over the door, when the Cabinet at Washing-
ton convened to discuss war measures, — and in the midst of every
domestic circle, where family jargons exist, to prevent babbling
gossip. The golden Rose was the seal of Luther, and it used to
be consecrated by the Popes on Good Friday, and presented to

16 REPORTS.

some crowned head, none other being deemed worthy of it.
Roses need pruning, and should have the eartli about their roots
carefully pulverized, and often enriched by chip-dust and com-
post, which for neatness sake, should be well covered with clean
earth. The grass must be kept away from the base of the main
stem. But a dressing of Horse-manure lias been known to kill
many choice roses, and breeds insects on them. To inject a wash
made from the chips of Quassia, is effective in destroying insects.
If Rose bushes are fastened to a stake, or afforded some support,
they flourish more abundantly. Soap-suds is good for them.
Yellow Roses need dividing once in two or three years. The
Monthly Roses will thrive in the open air, and do well if planted
against a wall. The usual mode of propagating Roses is by slips,
or layers. The Dutch are said to be successful in budiling roses,
thus producing a rose-tree covered Avith various, and differently
colored species. Indeed, we have seen such trees and they are
of rare beauty. Moss Roses should be more common among the
ladies, by careful culture and right protection given them.

"The Roman Emperors used to allow their famous generals to
add a rose to the quarterings of their shields, some of whick may
be seen to this day in the armorial bearings of many of the noble
families of Europe." We believe that many of the noble generals
of our OAvn loved country are worthy of the shower of roses that
the ladies ever and anon bestow upon them as they pass through
the countrv in their travels. Especially will America ever be
proud of her Grant, Lyon, Sherman, Burnside and Banks; while
many of her brave patriots fallen in Liberty's cause, acting the
part of an uncomplaining Private, will be to the country adorn-
ments, like the fragrant roses to the wilderness and verdant
plain.

We can hardly say too much in the praise of the culture of the
Rose-bush. Their very fragrance makes us good natured with
ourselves, and all the world, and thr> loaded rose-bush by th^

REPORTS. 17

humbles-t 6ottage, awakens emotions that the golden PaLice fails
to do.

How many a poor soldier upon his narrow couch in the Hos-
■pjital, or in the foul prisons of the South, who dreamed of soft
-summer days, vv'hen he was wont to sit upon the door-sill of his
Mother's cottage, among the hills, — while he looked lovingly up-
on the white roses, that nodded to him in the soft, zephyr, or of
the home spare bedroom, beneath the windows of which, were
.grouped the red and white roses that perfumed his room, while
his dear Mother nursed him when ill, he thought of a time,
when again he should beat that home among the roses ; — but,
alas ! they were transferred to a home in the celestial city, — rath-
er than to a Mother's care, and not even a rose was laid upon
their marble brows to speak of loving hands and hearts.

It is estimated that more than 100,000 species of plants have.
become knov/n, and' since there is such a vast number, it affords
a wide field for abundant research for the Horticulturist.

SECTION III.

The UiiUiy of Flowers*

Heretofore, we have: spoken of the Beauty of Flowers, and we
find them possessing Utility also, f^hey , possess great medic-
inal properties, either in their blossoms or roots.: The leav,es of
roses, are an astringent. The fresh plants of violets, form a use-
ful mucilaginous purgative. Poppies, afford an anodyne. It is
said that a syrup of the juice of the tiny flower, of the Forget-me-
not, is a remedy against consumptive coughs.

The seed of the Sun-flower is used to fatten poultry. Bees,
and many kinds of insects feed UDon the nectar of flowers. . The
flowers of the Ai^nic^, Chamomile, and Lavender are used exten-
sively by Physicians.

3

is RBP0BT6.

The decorative pat-ts of architecture, were originally derived
from flowers and plants.

One writer upon Floral Architecture, states, that "Hiram or-
namented the capitals of the celebrated pillars he wrought for
Solomon with lillies and pomegranates ; and the Corinthian capi-
tal is stated to haVe been first invented by Callimachus, a famous
architect, .who, being engaged to tnake more pillars at Corinth,
took the form of his enrichment from passing a basket, covered
with a large tile, that had been placed on the ground over a root
of acanthus, the stalks and leaves of which had burst forth, and
spreading themselves on the outside of the basket, were bent
back again at the top by the corners of the tile, and its beauty so
delighted Callimachus, and yet was so novel, that he adopted the
form of the basket surrounded with the acanthus as a capital for
his pillars;'"- — thus, originated the Corinthian style of architec*
ture. The Gothic style of architecture was derived from the bud
or germ, the Grecian, from the leaf, and the Indian style from the
flower. Designs for printing, or stamping all kinds of fabrics, are
often taken from a flower, vine, or a bouquet. Paper-hangings
often present an imitation of flowers^ Painter's, copy from Na-
tures floral department. The most exquisite perfumery is made
from flowers. One hundred pounds oY the petals of roses affords

scarcely half an ounce of oil. This oil forms what is called

■' i

"Otto of roses," and an ounce costs enormously. If you fub one

drop of this oil with one tea-spoonful of fine sugar into a pint of
Water, gradually stirring it all the time, you can make a superior
article of rose-watelr.

A choice perfumery is now made of the roots of lillies. Flow-
ers are useful to decorate the sick room, and they cheer the patient.
We once' were the recipient of a floral gift, from a kind hearted
Physician, and we could almost shed grateful tears over the
bouquet, and with "Keats," could exclaim "a thing of beauty is
a joy forever."

REPORTS, 1^

The best qualities of forage often exist in the flower of the
grasses. For instance, clover should be gathered ere the blossom
becomes too mature, or the forage is injured. Flowers are the
harbingers of fruitage. The blossom must precede the kernel,
or we have no grain. Thus, we find flowers useful as well as
beautiful.

SECTION IV.

Preservation of Flowers and Leaves. ■

There are mauy ways of preserving flowers and leaves in a
dried state, so as to retain much of their pristine beauty. "When
the cold snows of Winter are on the ground, they are beautiful
to the eye.

An Herbarium of dried and pressed flowers should be made
by our youth in schools, and the study of Botany more generally
pursued.

Flowers for the Herbarium should be gathered when in full
bloom, and pressed until quite dry between clean white paper.
A year's file of any of our Newspapers will afi'ord ihe best po«si-
ble apparatus for drying them. After the specimens of flowers
are placed between the sheets of paper, lay a board on the top,
and beneath them, then, place a heavy weight upon them. They
will dry in a few days, according to their juiciness. Some may
need pressing for two weeks or more. When dried, transfer them
carefully to the leaves of a blank book of white paper, prepared
for them. Some transfix them with glue, or by passing their
stems through loops cut in the leaves of the herbarium. The
nicest way of retaining them in place, is, by carefully sewing
them in. Beneath each plant, write its common name, artificial
class and order, generic, and specific distinction, and natural or-
der ; the place where it is found, and season of year in which it
flowers. To guard an Herbarium against insects, and moisture.

20

EErOP.TS.

wash tlie whole over with a wegji solution of corrosive sublimate,
care being used, as it is a deaJly poison, — but good as a wash.

Grasses niay be tastefully arranged with Immortelles, and wild
red berries, and nicely preserved.

The'leaves of Autumn, with their gorgeous tints may be pressed,
and preserved for years. After drying, and pressing them, their
upper surface should be delicately varnished, with white varnish ;
then re-dried. They can be arranged in the form of a Harp, or
a Cross, on nice card-board, and framed, and they make the Lib-
rary, or family Sitting-room look cheerful in the light of a glow-
ing fire in Winter time. The gatherei; of Autumnal loaves should
commence collecting them, when they btgin first to change
from green, into bright colors, to make a fine assortment.

It is a peculiar charm of our American forests that they deck
themselves in their gay, autumnal livery, to delight us with their.
mosaic appearance. It was formerly supposed that frost changed
our leaves into crimson and yellow hues. It is now the opinion of
scientific men, that the leaves of our treesare changed and fall as the
ripened fruit of the tree. In England they have nothing but the
russet brown upon their forests, and can scarcely believe our Au-
tumnal scenery to be as gorgeous as American artists represent it
to b«. When Dr. Hitchcock of Amherst College was in England,
he exhibited ske,tches of our Aiitumal scenery. His English
friends expr,esped ^ astonishment, because ths artist had put so
many colors upon his trees, while they deemed^it inapossible that
they were actually so. When Dr. Hitchcock told them ''no paint-
er could imitate the many and, gorgeous tints of our Autumnal
scenery," they were doubly astonished. •

At one of the Royal evening parties £vt France, a lady appeared
with a sash and headdress, formed of ;weli preserved' and brilliant
Autumnal leaves from America, ^nd they creatfed universal ad-
miration. -Nature is prolific in beauty, and when we cati transfer
her charms to our houses by a careful preservation of it, it is

REPORTS. 21

pleasure to ourselves and ©tiiers. It is best that we teach the;
rising generation to observe, love and fathom Nature's mysteries,
and their minds will become purified, refined and elevated.

■'iii oAiii ion bir> <i-f(ilof^rft ,«"T"tn9
• Uirr w^ih^ os\\
STATISTICAL 'REPORT, i.O^.j iljiv.

A.t the Hampshire Agricultural'Society in 18G2, there were 17
entries of flowers and wild flowers. The collection was good in
consideration of the lateness of the season. We were fortunate
enough to secure ladies possessed of a high appreciation of the
beautiful and of a thorough knowledge of flowers, and capable of
judging justly of the merits of specimens offered for inspection, — ■
■who made up a full committee. A full committee is ever desir-
able at our Fairs, in all departments. Members appointed on
Committee's ought to feel a responsibility in meeting their a^-
•pointments 2:>unctuall>/ if possible for them.

It was a matter of discussion as to which collection deservedly
stood first in point of beautiful arrangement. In consideration
of the largest collection, the first premium was awarded to No's.
8 and 12, which was furnished by Mrs. S. W. Boutwell, of Lev-
erett. She stated that she had raised 70 different varieties of
onfii species of flower represented in lier bouquet, and had 7 va-
rieties of Coxcomb in her larger bouquet. We would take the
liberty to suggest it to be objectionable to have seperate bouquets
ofl"ered with the intention of having them considered as one
"Entree." They should be entered singly. It should be a law
like that of the Medes and Persians, that not one of the Commit-
tee should know to whom they are awarding premiums, and then
let those who receive premiums be satisfied. The second premi-
um was awarded to Dr. Bonney, of Hadley, for a Floral Harp.
It was exquisitely arranged, and exhibited rare taste, and the
premium awarded him was considered equal in value to the first

32 RBPORTS.

premium. The third premium was awarded to the pyramid of
powers with a ground-work of Verbenas. There was one exquis-
ite collection of Verbenas that did not arrive in season for an
entree, therefore did not take the premium it deserved. In
years to come, we hope all the ladies will endeavor to compete
with each other and to bring fiowerg to our Agricultural Fairs.

HAERIET C. RICE,
Ch. Com. on Flowers, 1862.

Ei^t>OETa. m

g^porl on Jfruits.

APPLES AND APPLE-TSSES.

Apple-trees and apples is the subject of this report. A farm
without an'apple-orchard, is a sad spectacle. The farm is qUita
as imperfect as our national flag without the stars. The farmer
who has> and wishes no Ofcllard, lacks both taste atid econoiiiy.
Taste, — because an apple-orchard is a "thing of beauty." Econo-
my,-— because raising apples is a source of decided profit. What
more beautiful scene than an apple-orchard in full bloom, in the
freshness and glory of Spring-time ? The tree.s themselves, ele-
gant in conformation, and clad in their simple, leafy verdure, are
ornaments. But when crowned in the blooming-time with mil-
lions of blossoms, pink and white, and laden With sweet perfume,
they remind us of the "Elysian Fields."

Apples are a pallatable and healthful article of food. Eaten
without preparation, they are a luxury. And the choice dishes,
such aa saucesj preserves, tarts and various kinds of J^astry thdt
can be made from them, are manifold. As an article for the
market that always meets with a ready sale, apples have no ri-
vals. An orchard standing on a single acre of ground, will aflford
more profit than can be obtained from the acre in any other way.
I will show this hereafter.

BRIEE HtStOHY OF THE APPLE^TP.EE.

The apple-tree has a very remote origin. According to an
ancient tradition, Adam was choked with an apple tendered him

.24 REPORTS.

by the fair hand of Eve. Said accident caused a remarkable pro-
tuberance on the anterior part of his throat. This peculiarity has
been transmitted, and inherited by all the sons and daughters of
the original proprietors of Eden. The Old Anatomists made use
of this curious traditi'cin, 'and named th'e prominence in question,
"■Fonnuin Adayni," or Adam's apple, and it bears that name to
the present day.

Skeptics will probably doubt the above narration, but they v,'ill
.credit those ancient Crreel?-and Koman naturaiists who described
the apple-tree and its fruit with great^ aceuracy. Theophostus,
■ Heroditus, and Columella, all make mention of the Apple-tree.
Pliny says, that the Greeks called them "Medica'" from the coun-
try Avheife they first originated. Pliny described them as a fruit
with a delicate, tender skin, easily pared off.- He says of the
crab*apples, or "wildings," that they are small and sharply sour,
for which peculiarity they receive many curses. Columella, a
, practical hiisbandman who lived and .wrote long before Pliny's
_time, not only describes the apple-tree but also the process of
£r-afting, and gives several different methods, which he saye,
were handed down from the "Olden time."

Apple-trees were brought to this- country very early. In 1629,
bv the order of the, "Governor and company of Massachusetts
bay," in New England, apple seeds were brought /rom England
into the colonies; and Governor's island was granted to Governor
Winthrop in 1632 on condition that he should plant a vineyard,
and an orchard. The pilgrims also cultivated orchards, near
Plj^mouth Kock, soon after their arrival. Many of our best va-
rieties of apples originated here among us. The Baldwin origi-
nated in Wilmington, near Boston, more than one hundred years
ago, and for a, long time was called the "Butter apple," or the
"Woodpecker apple." P^ev. Wm. Blackstone planted the first
orchard in Rhode Island, in 1836. In this orchard originated
the "Yellow Swe'etin'g." The "Newtown Pippin came from a' seed-

REPORTS. 2&'

ling originating on Long Island more than 150 years ago. But
, a long hi&iory of Apple-trees is not needed here.

THE PROFITS OF RAISING APPLES.

Apples are profitable for food, prepared in a great variety of
tvays. They are profitable as an article for the market. The
farmer cail raise no other crop, (every thing considered) with so
large a margin of j)rofits. Let us see if this be true, or not. —
An orchard containing fifty trees, properly set out, will cover an
acre of ground. In ordinary seasons, each tree ought to yield
three barrels of fruit. The whole orchard will produce then, one
hundred and fifty barrels of apples, annually. These are worth,
on the spot in common seasons, one hundred and fifty dollars. —
An acre of gra,ss-land will produce about three tons of hay, com-
monly worth, not more than thirty dollars at the time of carting.
The apples can be gathered with as little expense as making the
hay. This will leave a large balance in favor of the orchard.
Aside from this, the orchard will produce in addition to the ap-
ples, a fair crop of either grass, potatoes or oats, without detri-
ment to the tree. I might take the corn, or wheat crop, or any
other ; not excepting tobacco, and make the same comparison and
yet the balance, (other things being equal) would still be in favor
of apples. An orchard of forty Baldwin Apple-t^e'es has yielded
three hundred barrels of fruit in a single season. A farmer in
Leverett, two years ago, gathered one hundred and one barrels of
Seedling apples, from a single tree. Another sold two hundred
and fifty dollars worth in a single season, gathered from an old-
orchard, covering one, and one half acres of ground. But these
facts are sufficient to establish the great profits of raising the fruit
under consideration.

2.6 KEP0RT8.

SITUATION AND SOIL, MOST SUITABLE FOE AN ORCIIAKD.

A side hill, or a gentle slope, facing the South or Southwest,
and sheltered in the back-ground by a higher eminence, is a good
situation for an orchard.

Avoid low, flat, or over-moist grounds with clayey subsoil, also
Bandy plain lands.

Orchards will not flourish in such situations, nor on such soils.
Dark, rich loam, intermingled with gravel, with subsoil of yellow
loam, intermingled with gravel, is the most proper soil for an or-
chard. A soil that naturally produces the oak and sugar maple,
will produce a thrifty orchard. Avoid lands and locations that
bear the pine or hemlock, — they v/ill not grow an orchard.

HOW, AND WHEN TO PLANT AN ORCHARD.

The best time to set out an orchard of young trees, is in tho
Spring. Let it be done early — as soon as the frosts are well out
of the ground. Go to the nursery and select your trees. Be
careful to get thrifty, well formed ones of such varieties as you
desire. Those of a larger size are the best. Never select any
less than six, or eight feet high. They are more apt to live, and
you will get an orchard sooner by so doing. Secure as many
roots on the young trees as possible, and be careful not to wound
or , bruise them in taking them from the ground. The holes
should be dug in well marked rows at intervals, of thirty or
thirty-two feet apart. This is quite near enough for the good of
both trees and land. Spade out a hole twelve inches deep), and
five feet or more in diameter. Cover the bottom of the hole with
some well-made, rich compost, to the depth of three or four
inches. Now set the tree carefully in, straightening out all tho
small roots and fibers, and draw in the fine dirt upon them. —
After all the dirt is drawn in, place over the whole the grftssy

BlPOETft. 27

turf, it' on sworJ land, with tlie grass siJo down, and if deemed
necessary, secure the tree to a stake by a piece of soft cord, or
etrip of cloth, au(J the thing is done.

THE AFTER TREATMENT OF TEE YOUNG TREES.

Do not meddle with them much the first year. If the season ia
a dry one, they may need watering, but they will require no
pruning. Young trees will bear but little pruning for a few
years. They need all their foliage to gather from the atmosphere
important principles of growth. After the first year, a compost,
composed of well rotted manure and wood ashes should be ap-
plied annually around and near them. It is an excellent plan to
wash the bodies and larger limbs at least once every season with
a solution of Sal-soda or soft soap and water. This will keep off
parasitic growths, and destroy insects and worms. Examine them
often near the ground, for the detection of that enemy of Apple-
trees — the borer. If you find the bark penetrated by this worm,
seek for it with a piece of bent annealed wire, and destroy it. —
Clear the leaves and twigs from worms and catepillars as soon as
you discover any. If any pruning is done, do it with a sharp
knife, or fine toothed saw, and cover the stub with a coating of
grafting wax, or cement.

If the land can well be cultivated, it is better for the young
trees. Potatoes, corn or oats, will flourish well in an orchard
and give a fair crop without injuring or impairing the growth of
the trees. . Be careful in ploughing or cultivating, not to wound
the roots, or bark, or in any way to disturb them. If the land is
kept down to grass, a surface of several feet should be kept clear
of turf, near the body of every tree. This can easily be done
with a bog-hoe or pointed shovel. Or, what is quite as eflfective,
the same space can be covered with mould.

■28 REPORTS,

now TO RECRUIT AN OW ORCHARD.

Many farmers have on tlieir premises, old orchards, producing
■very little fruit. It is desirable to make them bear, until a young '
.orchard can be brought forward into a bearing condition. Can
anything be done to reinvigorate the old and barren trees, and to
enhance their productive powers? I answer yes, and from per-
sonal experience with an old, worn out orchard. My method,
and one which proved successful, was the following. First, the
trees were cleared of all dead and decaying limbs, with the saw.
Then all the moss, and old dead bark was well scraped from trunk
and limbs, with a sharp hoe. A quantity of turf for a space of
six feet in circumferance was removed with the spade, from
around the trunk, and one bushel of compost ajoplied. The com-
post was composed of equal parts of ashes, charcoal dust and well
made manure. Then the turf -{Vas replaced, the grass side down-
ward. On the following year, the leaves were larger and darker
green, and for a number of years the quantity and quality of the
fruit was doubled.

WHAT VARIETIES OF FRUIT TO RAISE.

Any person about to plant an orchard, will do well before do-
ing so, to answer the following question. What trees will flour-
ish best in this latitude, and on the peculiar soil of my farm? —
What varieties of apples will suit best the tastes of my family
for home consumption ? What kind of apples will find the most
ready sale in market? What varieties are the best bearers? —
Supposing you wish to set out an orchard of one hundred trees.
Seventy-five of these at least, should be calculated to produce
market fruit. The remaining twenty-five, may consist of selected
varieties of Summer, Fall and Winter fruit, adapted to the tastes
.and predilections of the family. Those designed for market,

REPORTS. ' 2B

-should not reach over four varieties, and those all virinter fruit. —
If I were to name the kinds, all things considered, as being most
economical and desirable, they should be the following : Ehode
Island Greening, Roxbury Russet, Baldwin and the Newton
Pippin. These varieties are excellent bearers, and the fruit ai-
■ways meets with a ready sale.

HINTS ABOUT GATHERING AND STORING WINTER FRUIT.

Apples should never be shaken off from the trees. They wiM
'become bruised and decay much the sooner. They ought to be
■carefully plucked off with the hand, one by one, and placed in a
basket. From the basket they should be transferred to a shallow
box, not over ten inches deep, in the same careful manner. Now
let them stand in an out-house or open shed, until very late in
the Autumn. So long as they will not freeze, keep them in this
condition. Then in time remove the boxes, after taking out all
decayed and decaying fruit into a dry, cojl cellar. Elevate the
boxes on pieces of timbei-, a little way from the cellar bottom. —
Apples after being gathered, should be stired as little as possible.
They never should be poured into a box or barrel, for this will
bruise them. A shallow box is preferable to a barrel, as there is
less pressure from above downward. And besides, the apples
will keep cooler, and the decayed and decaying ones, can be more
•easily removed.

THE APPLE AS AN ARTICLE FOR FOOD, IN ITS RAW AND COOKED STATE

Apples eaten in their natural condition, are a palatable, and
healthful article of diet. They cantain no inconsiderable amount
of the nutritious principle, and they are easily and quickly di-
gested, and promote the growth and the health of the body. —

so REPORTS,

Bilked or roaHted, tliey are excellent as a dessert or eateu with
milk and bread. Fried with butter or lard, or stewed with white
sugar, they make a fine relish, eaten with fresh or salted meats.
With cider molasses, they when stewed, make the old fashioned
" Apple Sauce," the favorite dish of our ancestors, a hundred
years ago. And the article when properly made, is just as good
now, as ever. Apple pies, tarts, jellies, &c., form no mean part of
the delicacies of every well ordered pantry. The dried fruit,
finds a variety of uses in the hands of the skilful house-wife, in
the preparation of numerous delicious dishes when the raw fruit
cannot be obtained.

APPLE CIDEP. OR WINE.

Every latitude produces those fruits and acids, conducive to the
health of the inhabitants. In Tropical regions, when great heat
prevails, very acidulous fruits are required, and they have the
lime and the lemon. In the Frigid Zone where intense cold pre-
vails, few acids are required, for the inhabitants need none. —
They drink the Oils and eat the fatty flesh of the Whale, Walrus,
and Seal, and grow rotund and obese, and so are proteced from
freezing. In these " Temperate regions " we seem to need not too
much fatty food, nor too acidulated fruits or drinks. So we have
the Grape, Cranberry, Currant and A25ple, moderately acidulous
in their character. Apple cider, the fermented juice of the ap-
ple, when properly prepared, is not only a grateful and healthful
acidulous beverage, taken at proper times and in proper quanti-
ties, but it takes the place of imported wines and brandies, in the
cure of many ailments, incident to the human system, and pecu-
liar in these latitudes.

In cases of indigestion, from a lack of a proper secretion of the
gastric juice ; it gives tone and vigor to the stomach, and helps to
restore its normal functions. In the latter stages of typhoid and

KKPOnT'. 31

bilious fevers, it is quite aa useful as most foreign wines or
brandies, and very much more so, than the vile preparations
palmed off upon the public, purporting to be the genuine, im-
ported articles. The sweet cider, boiled down to a syrup, enters
into the composition of many delicious articles of food. Brandy,
distilled from the fermented wine is pure spirit, and useful for
bathing pur];>oses, and w'hen old, is not much inferior in a medi-
cinal character, to brandy distilled from grape Avine. Good cider
cannot be made from inferior or decayed, or worm eaten fruit. —
The apples should be ripe and mellow before they are. ground out
in the mill. They should be mixed, the sour and the sweet, in
about equal proportions when carried to the apple heap. After
the fruit is ground in the mill, the pomace should stand in the vat a
day or two, being frequently stirred with a wooden shovel. Being
thus brought into contact with the air, the cider will have a fine,
rich color, and a better flavor, acquired by the digestion of the
apple skins which contain a fragrant oil; and by. chemical changes
wrought in the cider proper, by atmospheric influence. Tho
cider should be stored in well cleansed barrels or casks, and put
i^pto a dry, cool cellar. After fermentation has quite ceased, the
barrels or casks should be hermetically closed. No foreign sub-
stance should ever be added to cider, with the idea that it can be
improved or made better thereby. Those who wish to poison
their cider by chemicals, will bear in mind that when they do so,
their cider become a tnedicinal tincture unfit for a beverage, or to
use in any way unless prescribed by a Physician. Cider will keep
fit for use much longer if bottled, soon after the vinous fermenta-
tion has ceased.

■ DAVID RICE, Chaieman.

gtport on Jfuntn %xiith^.

This department the present year, also included that' cf the'
fine arts. There is no portion of the exhibition so well calculated
to please, and to attract the attention of those interested, as the
one under consideration. It is in fact the ornamental part of the
show, and the one that most pleases the eye and charms the heart
of the beholder. Without it, the hall would be comparatively
unattractive and common place in its general appearance. With
the addition of the veiy fine and gaudy department of " Flora,"
the specin>ens of the Fine Arts and Fancy Articles, make one of
the principal, attractive features of our Agricultural Hall, and
do much for the credit of our Annual Exhibition.

THE FINE ARTS:

The cultivation of a taste for the Fine Art^ in our iiouseholds,
should be encouraged. Hardly a family exists among us, but
what one or more of its members has more or less natural talent
in this direction. A cultivation and practice of the arts of paint-
ing and drawing, is not only a source of recreation and amuse-
ment, but ajEFords many clever specimens abundantly fit to orna-
ment the parlor, and the drawing-room, where the more elabo-
rate and costly articles, could not well be afforded. It is
aot expected that our agricultural community can deck their

EEPOHTS. 33

abodes -WitK costly paintings frona the hands of t!lie " Old Masters."
It would be far beyond their wishes or their means. The more
simple productions from the Easels of their own families, — home
productions of the genius of their darling sons and daughters,,
will do equally as well, and be to them, far more precious, A
culture of this taste, not only enlarges and strengthens the im-
agination, but refines and beautifies the mind, and gives to the
budding intellect, a proper and a healthy turn. Besides this,
painting and drawing are among the educational accomplishments
highly to be desired, in the polite attainments of our sons and
daughters. Our sons, who learn to handle the pencil, and crayon
with skill, in the future, may be able to execute the architectural
designs' for their own dwellings, and to use their acquired art in
many useful and satisfactory ways. And our daughters, may
finish in oil and water colors, many beautiful landscape scenes,
from still life, of views in the vicinity of their ^' old homes^' that
in after years, when perhaps far away from the " dear old home,"
will be to their sweet remembrances, of the places where they
spent the period of their young lives. We would respectfully
suggest to future Committees, the propriety of oflfering handsome
premiums for original specimens of architectural designs, and
also, of landscape views, in oil and water colors, of scenery in our
own immediate vicinity, than which no other spot on earth, offers
a more beautiiul field for the eye and labors of the ambitious and
tasteful artist. Holyoke, and its surroundings, — the villages of
Amherst, Hadley, Hatfield and Sunderland ; with green and
luxuriant meadows on every side, and the valley of " Old Con-
necticut " ; the stream itself winding along like a great ribbon of
silver, — all these afford scenes worthy the study and the skill of
any artist, however fastidious he may be. Most of our ladies^
consider music, a great, and a very necessary accomplishment, in
the sum total of their polite attainments, but painting and draw-
ing will bring them into more immediate communication with

34 REPORTS.

nature, and wliile tliey make sweet melody witli tlieir voices, and
even upon "stringed instruments''; let tliem also be able to
transfer to canvass, tliose beautiful rural scenes around them,
decked in beauty, through God, by the benignant hands of the
Seasons, and then music shall clasp hands with art, and confer
upon them a twofold blessing. May we not hope, that another
Season may afford us, through the exertions of our " ]iovie artists,
many original specimens of paintings and landscape views, that
shall do both them, and our society honor?

FANCY ARTICLES.

Our exhibition is always honored and adorned by a great
* variety of beautiful specimens of handicraft, the product of the
dilligence of our wives and daughters, in the dejiartment of
Fancy Articles.

In fact, this section of our exhibition is very nearly related to
that of the Fine Arts, and it is sometimes very difhcult to separ-
ate and class articles in their j^roper j^^laces, drawing the line of
distinction between Art and her less pretentious Sister. Many
Articles in this department, betray the possession of as much skill
and taste, and even imagination in the Artisan, as would be re-
quired in perfecting a first class orginal joainting or dravring.
Designs in Crocheting, Worsted Embroidery, lace making, and in
the manufacturing of the innumerable creations of genius on
exhibition, require no small amount of inventive and executive
talent. Fancy articles so called are wsuaUy "thhirjs of bcautij"
and often of great utility. When beauty and utility can be
combined in the production of an article, the advantage gained
is twofold, for while the eye is pleased a real benefit is conferred.
A great many of the articles on exhibition in this department,
are either portions of decorative and ornamental apparel, or else
they enter irito that list of choice conyeniences without which no

REPORTS. 85

well regulated parlor, in its qoecial adornments would bo con-
sidered quite complete.

Picture frames, wrought in cone and shell work — fancy chair
and ottoman covers of silk and velvet patchwork, or worsted
embroidery, — fancy card baskets, and lamp-mats, watch cases done
in colored beads, and a thousand pretty and useful things I can-
not name here, go to make up the long list of the interesting
cataloge usually presented for our inspection and approval. This
department, also, should receive that encouragement it so well
deserves. It was the policy of your Committee to reward every
exhibitor, giving the largest premiums to articles of the most
merit. By so doing, exhibitors will in the future be encouraged
not only to swell tJie list of articles, on exhibition, but to compete
for the largest premiums, by producing articles of superior ex-
cellence.

In closing, we would say, that we believe it to be the duty .of
all Committees, to be punctual in attendance, and to attend faith-
fully to their duties. Not one of the Committee appointed was
present, but our " heiter-half!' Acting as chairman protem, we
humbly submit our report. DAVID RICE.

Leverett, Oct. 1865.

^it^oxi an "^amn ajr!£r % Pontir-§^^.

In offering their Eeport on this sweet theme, the Committee da
not intend to write a treatise on Beeology. They desire, rather,
as did a good old deacon of whom you may have heard, " to ex-
press a few remarks," which may serve the interests of those en-
gaged in the rearing of bees. " De gustibus non est disputan-
dum" — concerning tastes, there should be no dispute — it is said,
and yet to us it seems strange that there should be any diversity
of opinion respecting the pleasure derived from the consumption
of honey. But true it is, what is meat to one man is often poison
to another ; and hence the diversity of views and tastes.

From history, both sacred and profane, we learn that some
countries abound in the product of honey. Indeed, the land of
Canaan is described as " flowing with milk and honey." And
should it prove true that by this all sweet substances are intend-
ed ; yet from the great number of bees found there at the pres-
ent day, the prime reference doubtless is to honey as the product
of the bee. In India, especially, and in the Indian Islands, the
forests swarm with bees, so that in the language of Mr. Roberts,
they " literally flow with honey ; large combs may be seen hang-
ing on the trees, as you pass along, full of honey." Not unlike
■this are the woods upon the western coast of Africa. Between

•RirpoRTS, 37

'Cape Blattca and Sierra Leone, and especially near tTio Gambia,
it is said, " these are fall of bees, to wliich tlie negroes formerly,
if not now, paid considerable attention, for the sake of the wax."

Their hives were made of reeds and sedges, in the form of bask-
ets, which they suspended upon the outer boughs of the trees, so
thickly as at times to cause them in the distance to resemble the
fruit of the trees. Of the abundance of honey as elsewhere
found — the product either of the wild bee or of those readily
coyed into the suspended hive — evidence is not wanting. But as
we look about us, should we say even we see a land flowing with
milk, well might we ask, where is the honey ? Of no Canaan
fields, of no Indian wilds, of no African thickets, teeming with
bees and rendered sweet by the juices pr^essed from the fragrant
flower, can Hampshire County boast. As compared with other
lands, truly are the honey makers in this region " a feeble folk."
Since, then, with us, honey does not grow of itself, or spring out
of the earth like a plant, the question comes, shall we possess it?
Shall this delicious product enrich our larders? Shall this luxury
gratify the palate of our friends ? shall it tickle our own palate
even ? If to these questions an affirmative response is given, then
does it become us to care and make provision for the little busy
bee, which " improves each shining hour " in gathering for us
these delicious sweets.

But in making provision for these little busy bodies, we do not
gratify the palate merely ; we may also replenish our purse ; for
surely a large profit accrues or may accrue to the wise apiarist.
This is readily seen. Should we not think five, or six or even
one hundred, per cent., a large income for our money or our pro-
duce, to insure us? Yea, verily, and yet even this high amount,
is sometimes yielded by these little workers. The statement
made by one a few years since is: " By the mode I pursue, cer-
tain swarms are made to pay, in the increase of stock and honey,
a profit of 100 per cent., while others give from 500 to 600 per

38 REPORTS.

cent. The average profit upon my entire stock for several years,
has been 327 per cent., per annum." Such a statement as this
speaks well for the little bee. It shows what has been done by
them ; and what they have done, who shall say they may not do
again ; yea, even surpass ? Such a profit as already described
might have endangered the ancient Jews title to Zion ; and at
the present day it might be thought to border on the boundary of
usury, to say the least. But enough of this. Sufficient has al-
ready been said to show that the production of honey and the
honey-bee, may be made both pleasant and profitable.

THE APIARY.

If now we would unite the useful with the agreeable, what
shall be done ? To this question let me reply first, have respect to
your Ajjiarij. If you would raise honey, you must have bees ;
and if you would have bees, then for them you must provide a
home. For bees are like riches. If they are not cared for, if
they are not made happy and contented, they '' certainly make
themselves wings ; they fly away as an eagle toward heaven."
Since then we must have an apiary of some form, what shall that
form be ? Upon this point tastes are evidently diverse. Not long
since, we observed somewhere in the neighborhood of fifteen or
twenty hives stationed in a row ; each was mounted upon the top
of a perpendicular post, and so far apart were they, that a coach
and four might pass between them without detriment to either it
or the bees. If vision serves us clearly, the dome of heaven also
furnished their shelter above, and the pleasant light of the moon
and the stars by night, while the scorching sun by day, rested
fully upon them ; for not even a bough of any kind was near to
protect them. Now this is one kind of an apiary ; but we must
confess that it does not happily accord with our notions respect-
ing it. The opposite extreme to this, is a close and well walled

flEPORTS. • 39

building on all sides, with only a comparatively small opening
for passage-way. But to tins structure we equally object. Both
poles should be avoided ; for truly between these there is, doubt-
less, a golden mean, far preferable to every other structure. A
very simple arrangement would be this, and we believe it will
meet all the wants of the bee, and present fewer obstacles to it
than most any other. Erect at regular intervals in the ground,
where you locate your bees, a few perpendicular posts of suffi-
cient length to be made firm in the earth, and at the same time,
to allow a form to be constructed upon which the hives may rest,
and also a roof to shelter these from the rains and snows and
from the heat of the sun. Should no hill or embankment||;pro-
tect this simple, open structure, let a wall or a board screen be
erected a little in the rear of it, for the purpose of breaking the
strong currents of air which might otherwise sweep through it
to the great detriment of the bees. With such an apiary as now
described, the bees will have free ingress and egress in all direc-
tions, without experiencing the hostile blasts at home ; and yet
experiencing a proper circulation of air, which is very desirable,
yea, essential to their comfort.

To add a thought farther here, w*e observe, it matters compara-
tively little which way such an apiary fronts. The bees will
rearlily depart and return to their hives, let this be in any direct-
tion. In the location of his apiary, therefore, let the bee-keeper
be guided by the situation and the conveniences of his garden,
selecting, however, as pleasant a place as can be found. An
easterly or southerly front is preferable, especially if it opens uj^-
on flowery fields, and is under the overspreading arms of some
noble elm or other shade tree. For the bees there should be a
shade either natural or artificial, at least in Summer. Upon this
point well does the idea of Virgil agree with our own,

"First, for tliy bees a quiet station find,
And lodge them under covert of the wind ;

40 REPORTS.

For winds, when homeward Ihey return, will drive*
The loaded carriers from their evening hive.
Far from the cows' and goats' insulting crew.
That trample down the flowers, and brush the dew ;
The painted lizard, and the birds of prey,
Foes of the frugal kind, be far away."

THE BEE-HIVE.

But hives are as essential to tte culture of the tee as are apia-
ries themselves. Of what kind then shall these be ? Just here
the difficulty arises, as the multitude of patent hives indicates.
Well has one said : " To criticise the productions of art and sci-
ence is easy, but to create them is difficult." Thus it would seem
to be respecting the creation of the bee-hive. Easy, indeed, is it
to construct new fangled hives, but the hive that shall surpass all
others in utility and simplicity of structure, that is the point.
The true philosophic principle in the construction of machinery,
is to make the machine which is to accomplish a given work as
simple as possible. Now it seems to us that this principle might
and should be employed in the construction of. the bee-hive. For
what is the object of the hive? It is simply this, to furnish the
bees a suitable place, where they may rear their broods, provide
their winter's supply of food, and deposit their surplus honey, so
that the owner may easily and safely possess it without detriment
to the bees. Now this can be accomplished with a very simply
constructed hive — a hive which every apiarist, or farmer even
can make for himself. The hive of which we speak is as good,
yea, better, than those complicated structures so often found in
the apiaries of the wealthy and the fanciful, but which are not
wanting upon the benches of the less favored. So complicated
are some of them that it must be more than a sabbath day's jour-
ney for the bees to pass through all their windings ; and it seems
as if the bees would need to be furnished with the clue of Ari-
adne., with which to extricate themselves. Now instead of all

* REtORTS. 4S

I

to preserve his stock alive, or to increase it in the least degree.
But though it may be good in its place, as a general rule we
think there is " a more excellent way." This we deem to be that
of naiural colonization. Here in accordance with the laws of
their nature, governed by their own instinct, they issue from the
old homestead to find anew home for themselves, — a home where'
they may enter upon all the departments of domestic life, and
economy, and enjoy all its felicities. This mode of colonization
we believe to be the true, the natural, the best one — the one to
be followed, unless adverse circumstances compel to a different
course. In this, our idea accords with that of one who has had
experience- in bee culture. To use the language of another, "I
have had much expei'ience in the production of 'artificial colo-
nies,' and also in what is termed the non-swarming svstem of
beea But I have abandoned both, and am satisfied that the bees '
kirow the best time and mode of conducting their colonization.'''
Truly of bees, no less than of birds, or of animals in the highest
and even to the lowest species, as regards colonization, may it be
" said-natura optima et sa[i entissima muter" — nature is the best;
and the wisest method.

But as in the natural swarming of bees, they issue from the
maternal hive, unguided by man, the question comes, how shall
these be gathered into their new home ? It iscustomary forbees,
upon swarming, to alight at first near the hive. This is the same
as to soy to the owner, " here we are ; and, if you will make us a
new and happy home, we will cheerfully work for t/ou ; but if
you will not thus provide, we'll away and work for ourselves."
By this process of theirs, they try their strength, they plume
their wings, and prepare for a journey to the owner, unknown.
Now if by any means, they can be induced to alight handy for
hiving, a great thing is accomplished. They generally will have
their own way. But it is said, that a board placed in front of
the apiary, having one end resting upon the ground, and the

44 REPORTS. •

. other upon a post erected for tliat purpose is & good place' for the
bees to swarm. That they do sometimes do this, is hown.
But, that they always will do this, we cannot affirm. Surely this
is a simple means for the apiarist to try to induce the bees to
swarm within his power. The experimenting with such a swarm-
ing board, can do no harm if it does no good. But should it do
good, it is well worth the knowin:f. For one great source of
pleasure in the colonizing of bees, is to have them swarm in
places of easy access, and dislodgement. But, being alighted in
almost any place, they may be hived and returned to the apiary.
Before hiving the bees, the hive should be made sweet and clean.
It should have been kept from the weather, and used for no other
purpose, save the happy culture of bees. A sweet hive may be
cleansed by rubbing it in the inside with a few leafy hazlenut
boughs dipped in a solution of salt and water, or with a few wal-
nut leaves, (either branch being fragrant to the bee,) and then
sprinkled with a solution of honey and water. This attaches the
bees to their new home when once therein, and forthwith they
begin to deposit their own comb and honey. But how shall this
army, it may be, of 50,000 strong, all supplied with fine, gleam-
ing steel, and commanded by a powerful queen, be thus trans-
ferred from the place of alightment to the hive? This is some-
times a difficult work ; and, yet usually it can be done with little
or no detriment to the bees, or to the owner of the same. We
would not delay the advancement of science or knowledge, but
were we to hive' bees, seldom or never would we cut off the
branch of the tree, upon which they have swarmed. Certainly
we would not do this, when this would injure the tree and could
be avoided. Place a table near the swarm, upon which a strip of
board may rest, or spread a clean linen cloth upon the ground
upon which a like strip of board may lie, and then if the bees are
suitably alighted, turn your hive bottom upwards, and with a
sudden jar of the limb they will fall upon the hive which is now

' REPORTS. 41

this complexity, a simple box-hive is all that is essential. Such
an one as we would advocate is perhaps fourteen or fifteen inches
square at the bottom, and is eighteen or twenty inches in height.
It contains two d^'partments, an upper and a lower. " In this lat-
ter one the bees rear their broods and deposit their winter's pro-
visions ; hence it should possess ample room. Into the former,
honey-hoses are inserted to receive the surplus honey. These
are inserted through a door in the back part of the hive, opening
into the -upper department only ; and they are connected with
the lower department by means of narrow apertures, which will
admit the bee, but which always should be closed until the bees
have amply provided for themselves; then they may be opened
to their use. These honey-boxes should not be very large, nor
as they are sometimes seen, square on the bottom. Rather should
they be in the form of parallelepipeds, from five to six inches
square at the end, and from ten to twelve in length, having glass
at one end, for this convenience of the apiarist in observing the
deposits. We deem the boxes now described, preferable to the
large square ones for this reason, if for no other, the same amount
of honey looks better in them, and generally will contain com-
paratively less empty cells. Then ag lin, the trouble of exchang-
ing a full box often for an empty one is not prejudicious at all,
for who would not often desire this little trouble ? The luscious
look doubly pays for all this, and the owner has the money
besides.

Upon the face of the hive, at or near the bottom, is a narrow
passage-way for the bees. This should be narrow, of whatever
material the hive is made, as Virgil says, " whether this be com-
pacted of hollow bark, or woven with limber osier," yea, or of
boards. In general, narrow inlets are all the bees need for their
use, and they prevent the ingress of many insects which might
jprove destructive to the bees. During the warm weather, how-
ever, it is well to raise the hive from the form-board upon which

42 REPOETS.

it rests a Ittle, by means of a few narrow sticks placed at the corners
of the hive's. This arrangement will give the bees a better cir-
culation of air at that season ; more easy access in the swarming
time, and a greater opportunity to remove all foreign substances,
should any such find admission to the bees sacred domain.

TEE COLONIZATION OF BEES.

"We come now to another department of bee culture, and it is
an important one. Shall we colonize bees, or shall we not? If
so, how shall colonies be promoted ? Unless we would lose our
stock, truly we should promote this, and this may be accomplish-
ed in various ways. One way to do this, is to import bees. But
is this the best way? Truly are Russia, Germany and Italy
ready to supjily your demands ; yea, Siberia, Africa and South
America, will willingly lay their hordes at your door. But will
this mode of increase pay? For the common farmer it will' not
pay. The rich may thus increase their store, and experiment at
great expense for the benefit of the poor, if they choose. But
the first outlay for imported bees is two great, too serious a draw-
b ick for the poor here to embark. He can only let the rich en-
gage in this enterprise, and gather the few crumbs of information
and honey-drops, which fall from his more wealthy friend's
table.

Another mode of colonizing, is that of " artificial Colonies."
By this method, the apiarist drives from a single hive, just at the
right season, the old queen with a suitable number of bees to
make a swarm, which are transferred into another hive. Or
another mode is to gather bees from the various hives, among
which shall be a queen. These are all located in a hive newly
prepared, which they soon adopt as their future home, and in
which they readily become a happy family, and engage in all the
duties and pleasures of house-keeping. Truly artificial coloniza-
tions may be expedient, and even the best at times; yea, circum-
etances may even compel the owner to adopt this mode, in order

BE3PORT3. 47

the comb ot strained from the broken cells, it is pleasant to the
taste, and good for food. In medicine it is useful as a detergent
and an aperient; yea it enters largely into the practice of phar-
macy. Boiled with water and enriched with spices and ferment-
ed, we have the delicious metheglin, the wine that .gladdens the
heart of man, or even bears, vinegars and soups. From the comb
"Wax is made, a useful article in the laundry, and essential per-
quisite "to the seamstress, and, as in nothing is light more essen-
tial than in religious things, how often does the burning wax of
the chandler's art, furnish that very light. Numerous are the
uses of honey and wax, and true do the products of the bee com-
bine the useful with the agreeable and exhilarating, and afTord
j)leasures not always to be despised.

LESSONS OF THE BEE.

Truly, our "labor is upon an humble theme, but not mean the
■praise, if the adverse deities assist 'US, and Apollo invocated.hear."

Various lessons may indeed be derived by us from the little
bee, a few only must suffice. See the bee from early dawn and
through the live-long day, perched upon the flowers of the field.
From one after another does 'he cull the sweet nectar, until late
at night he returns home with wide destended sac, to spend -an
almost sleepless night in the immediate cares of home. From hia
indefatigable toils, well has he earned those beautiful lines,

"Ilowdoth the little busy bee

Improve each shining hour,
And gather honey all the day,

From every opening flower."

Well may the bee here become the instructor of man..

Another lesson derived from the bee is, that humble but honest
labor is not to be despised ; yea this is the best policy for all.
The life of the great mass of the bees is one of unceasing activity.
Diligent 'laborers themselves, they are not pleased with loiterers
■about their hives ; neither will they allow drones there to remain

48 REPORTS.

after certain seasons. When the time comes to rid themselves of
these, they do not wait for a trial by jury ; they then have re-
course to the linch law. Instinctively do they believe in the
great gospel truth, if a man "will not work, neither should he
eat." Now though we are not at all dis^^osed to favor the linch
law ; yet we fully believe that drones and do-nothings in a com-
munity are no benefit on the whole to themselves or to their
neighbors, and that they should if possible be made to feel that
honest labor of any kind is not degrading but ennobling to man.

Again, we learn from bees, that division of labor is for the best
interests of all concerned. Look at the bee. When young and
unable to go forth on ceaseless wing, it feeds the brood, builds
cells, prepares the bread, dilates the pollen, and performs other
work about the hive, while the older bees furnish the all needful
supplies. See them now as they go forth to their own new home.
Without any difficulty in assigning the parts, one engages in the
gathering of honey, another in collecting the pollen, another in
forming the cells on the principle of the greatest space with the
least amount of material, another still as watchman, and so
through the whole community. What harmony here exists !
What regularity in their work, well worthy the imitation of man.
Now how different is this in some communities of men. Here,
as they say, some are "jack at all trades," but how often is it that
such are good at none. Some will make and botch every thing
they possess, rather than spend a single cent, regardless of
beauty, utility, personal ease and comfort, or the hajipiness of
themselves or of others. They will get all they can, and keep
all they get. To such it may be said, go to the bee, "consider
her ways and be wise."

Again the bee teaches us a lesson of loyalty to the government.
Among the bees there are no copperheads, no disloyalists, no
traitors, no free-booters, no doubtful warriors, no stupid and
..rum-besotted generals, no delinquent, cowardly officers, no de-

REPOilTS. 45

turned over upon the table or the cloth, with one corner of it
resting upon tlie stick above noticed. If the hive is sweet,
usually your work is done, until at nightfall you replace them in
your apiary, or should they not be favorably situated for this
mode of hiving, with a wing, you can carefully brush them into
the hive; or yet again, you may suspend the hive just above
them, and if you choose throw a clean linen cloth over them.
If the hive pleases them, they will soon take possession without
much more strategy on your part. Bees will seldom leave a
sweet hive, when they are once jjlaced therein with their queen,
and though better modes for hiving bees may be devised, none
has ever come to our notice better then the one now expressed.

ENEMIES OF EEES.

As the ocean does not always furnish a calm, smooth sea; aa
the weather on shore is not uniformly fine and fair, so in bee
culture, all is not always fair weather. The apiarist is liable to
losses from various sources, — some of which we can, and some of
which we cannot provide against. Diseases, more or less preju-
dicial to the prosperity of the bees, come upon them. The bee-
moth — that pest of the hive, infests this. Ants are sometimes
found therein, mice not unfrequently intrude. Birds catch them,
while on the wing. Toads, frogs, lizards and snakes consume
them when within their reach. The hornet and other insects
overpower them by their superior strength. The spider weaves
for them his slender net. Cold winds, sudden showers, and the
fleecy snows prevent their safe return to the hive, or the robber-
bee, and the bee-robber tak^ advantage of them while off their
guard, or of the secrecy of the rightto do their foul deeds. Thus
against these and other foes, are the bee and the bee-keeper
called to contend ; and while the latter may not always succeed,
watchful, though he may be ; yet ifl the main, here it will be
still true, "labor omnia vnncit " — labor conquerors all things.

A6 BEPOBTS.

FEEDING BEES.

One great object of bee-culture, is to obtain from tHe bee the
greatest amount of he ney. Now how shall this be done? "Will
feeding answer the purpose? By giving them an inferior sweet,
shall we receive a more delicious one? Shall we feed therefore,
or shall we not feed the bees ? To this we answer, experience
teaches that this practice does not amount to much, when more
honey is the sole object — that this does not increase the amount
of marketable honey — that no one ever receives back the amount
fed, or has the quality of this much improved. Hence giving to
the bees an inferior article to obtain in the end a superior one,
does not gain much favor. You may as well search for the phil-
osophers stone, to change every thing into gold, or the alchemists
universal solvent to change all substances into their original ele-
ments, as to take this course. Again, should you feed your bees,
they inight irnitate the loiterers and tattlers in the street, instead
of continuing their well earned title of busy-bee. AVe have no
doubt, however, but under certain circumstances, it is well to
feed bees. For instance, when without this supply they \yill
perish for lack of food, or when a person, having a large number
of small swarms, does not wish to diminish these by consolidating
them. Under such circumstances he must feed ; but even then,
he must not use the multitude of common sweets, unless he
wishes to ruin his whole stock. Such a course would make a
Ben Franklin of many a man, by paying too dear for his whistle.

PRODUCTS OF HONEY.

«

Setting aside the bees themselves, we now approach to us the
pleasantest part of bee culture. How delicious is honey ! It is
one of our pleasantest luxuries. Look at the clean, white, silver,
capped cells, all filled with the delicious, aerial, ambrosial sweet,
a fitting nectar for the gods ! Who does not like it ? Either in

REroEtrS. 49

serting, skulking privates. No, tliey are all loyal to tlieir qncen.
For her safety they are all ready to hazard their own lives in the
breach ; all willing to leave their own proper work to become
soldiers when war is in the camp ; and, rather than seek exemp-
tions from military duty, to die honorably and gloriously on the
field of battle. How different is it with ?i.s at the present day !
Well may we seek and learn lessons of loyalty from the little bee,
of which one has well and not very untruthfully versed.

"Hut if intestive broils alarm the hive,

(For two pretenders oU for empire .strive,)

The vulgar in divijcd factions jar,

And murmuririgjounds proclaim the civil war.

Infl.inied witli ire, and tumbling witli disdain,

Scarce can their limbs thiir mighty souls contain,

With shouts the coward's courage they excite.

And martial clangors call them out to fight ;

WitQ hoarse alarms theliollow camp rebounds,

Thai imitates the trumpefs angry sounds ;

Then to their common standard they rep.iir,

Tlie nimble liorsemen scour the fields of air.

In form of battle drr.wn. they issue forth,

And every linight is prcud to proTe liis wortli.

I'ress'd for th(ir country's honor, and their kings

On their shaip beaks they wlict their pointed stings ;

And exercise their arms, and tremble with their wings."

Ileport oil StaHions, iljc Jjorsc ixn^ |Orccbinof.

The committee appointed to examine and report on this
class of horses, ascertained from the Secretary, that but three
entries were made ; and of these, but one liorse was exhibited,
and that, a " Messenger and Morgun", as it was called by the
owner, Mr. Asa Wilson, of Bclchertown, to whicli the third
premium was unanimously awarded by the members of tlic
committee present.

As the sul)JL'et of brocdijig domesticated animals of the farm
is one that dcr-ply inttrests the mcmliers of the Hampshire
Count}' Agricultural Society, as it dons the mcnibers of every
other similar Society in the Commonwealth, it is nowproposed,
in compliance with the expressed desire oi the President and
Secretary, with the approval of the other members of the cTom-
mittee, to submit some views and considerations touching that
department of the subject which relates to the principles, tho
theory and i)raclicc of breeding horses. In complying with
these desires and wisl-.es, the chairman is fully aware of the
difficulties witli Avhich his subject is encompassed ; and, .there-
fore, if the views and considerations which he has the honor to
present upon these topics, sliould not be entirely approved and
indorsed by all, he will not be surprised; for no one has ever
writLcn upon this important and difficulfc subject or the topics

KEPORTS. 51

thereof, vr'ith. universal approbation. Ho hopes, liowerer, to
present his views and considerations in snch a manner, that
they may serve to aid the young farmer who is inquiring for
information in regard to tliis dc})artment of stock breeding. ,

The phace of the horse in the vertebrate animal kingdom,
according to the systematic arrangement of Van Der Hoven,
tlic Dutch Zoologist, is in class XVII., called Mammals,
(^Mammalia), order IV., Parhijdermat't^ Family XIV.,
Salidingula : feet with a single perfect toe, covered by a broad
hoof without supplementary hools. Incisors in a continuous
series in both, jaws; molar teeth complex. Two inguinal
mamma?. Incisors 3 ; canines, ^-]; or none ; molars in adults,
elo 5 i'^ younger indivithials witli a small anterior molar, de-
ciduous, (ivolf lootfi, of Dutch writers.) All the species of
the genus horse, belong to the old world, says the author
quoted, and are at home on the wide mountain-plains of Asia
and Africa. They live in troops, arc swift and feed chiefly on
grass. The intestinal canal is wide and long ; they have a
single stomach, a large coecum, and no gall-bladder. The
horse, (^Equvs Caballufi,') is not now met Avitli in its original
wild State, but has returned to that state in the slrppes of
Asia and the extensive plains of South America. The wild
horses differ from those in domestication in hi^ving larger heads,
and smaller bodies. Of all the domestical animals, none is a
greater pet with man than the horse. The period of gestation
is eleven months. In the fifth year, the milk teeth arc usually
replaced by permanent teeth. The horse lives about thirty
years ; but there are cases on record of forty years or more
having been reached by this beautiful and highly useful
animal. It is difficult to determine the country of the old
■world of which the horse was a native. Some writers assign

52 r.EPORTs.

Arabia as its home, wliile others claim Etrypt. The first men-
tion of the horse is in Genesis ; and it, like the cow, sheep and
dog, appears to have been early placed nndei- the direction of
man as if created " a domestic animal " for his use, howso-
ever, -whensoever and whercsojvei- needed, — and always to bo
humanely treated when thus employed, for, the merciful man
ever regardcth the life of his beast, said an ancient oriental
Sage. Having thus biiefly sketched the history of the horse,
it may not be deemed inappropriate to cite Job's inimitable de-
scription of this animal, so transcendently sublime and grand,
elegant, truthful and beautiful, as to.havc been the admiration
of all past ages as it will continue" to be of all coming time.
It is quoted as thrown into the hemistich form, as it appears in
the original, in which Hebrew poetry is written. God is rep-
resented as speaking to Job and asking him: —

ITast tliou s'lvpii the Iiorse strength ?
Ilast thou clolIieJ his neck witli thunder ?
Canst tliou niiike liim afraid as a grasshopper?
The glory of liis nostrils is terrible !
lie paweth in tlie vaHey, and rcjoieetii in strength :
lie goeth on to meet the armed men.
He mockelh at fear, and is not alTrighted:
I ITeither tuinelh he back from the sword.

Against him rattleth the quiver,
The glittering spear and the shield.
He swalloweth the ground with rage and fierceness :
Nor doth he believe that it is the sound of the trumpet.
He saith among the trumpets, Ila, ha!
And from afar he scenteth the battle,
The thunder of the captains, and^the shouting.

In comparing this marvellous description of the horse by the
great Hebrew poet,— compassing all the great and sprightly
images which the thought of man can form or conceive of this
proud animal, expressed in a style of vigor, force and beauty, —
with the descriptions of Homer and Virgil, those of both the

SEroRxa. 5S

latter sccra tamo and powerless. Dr. Clark adds : — " I caunot
but particularly observe, that whcrCas the classical poets chief-
ly endeavor to paint the outward figure, lineaments, and mo-
tions, the sacred poet makes all the beauties to flow from aa
inward principle of the creature, described, thus giving great
spirit and vivacity to his dcscriplion."

Of the horse in the United States as of the cattle of New
England, Mr. Flint, Secretary of the Massachusetts Board of
Agriculture in his fifth annual report, says: — " It is true for
the most part, that they form no distinct breed, but owe their
origin to sources equally various, to the English, the French,
the Spanish, the Flemish, and tlie Danish horses, imported at
different times by the early settlers, as suited to their con-
venience. The only race, that can claim exemption from this
remark is the thorougli-bred, traced to the blood of tho
Arabian, the Barb, and tlie Turk."

Herbert in his book, " The tTor»e of America," says. The
thorough-bred horse of America is tlic only family of pure and
unmixed blood on this Continent." Then he adds, " The only
thing that constitutes a truly thorough-bred horse, is that ho
cither proves bac'c directly on both sides to oriental sire and
oriental dam, or proves back so far, into the mist of antiquity
that the memory of man runneth not to the contrary."

Mr. Herbert in speaking of the Vermont draught horse,
says, " Whence this admirable stock of horses came, or liow it
has been created, there is no record. ... I have littlo
hesitation in pronouncing that the bay draught horse of Ver-
mont, has in its veins principally Clcavciand Bay blood, with
some cross of thorough blood, one at least, directly or indirect-
ly, of the improved English dray-horse, and not impossibly a
chance admixture of the Suffolk. . . . All that I believe

54 KEPORTS.

or desire to put forth, is, that there exists a type of horses of
great merit for many purposes, over a large district, subdivisi-
ble into some three or four classes, modified by more or less
blood — of thorough blood, — yet all showing the characteristics
of the other English families named, and doubtless have de-
rived their own peculiar merits from those several fami-
lies. . . . The mares of the various glasses of this type,
from the heaviest to the lightest, are the best brood marcs I
have seen in America from which to raise stout, hardy, sound,
active and speedy stock for all practical purposes, to well
selected, large sized, bony, Ihorough-brcd Stallions. . ; .
This is ncaily what I believe to be the history of the Morgan
horse, as styled, — that is to say, I believe it to be an entirely
artificial animal, probably, in a great degree in this instance,
by possessing a small portion of one pa:ticular strain of blood.
The perpetuation of that strain by in-breeding, or by breeding
from sires of that race, either with cold-blooded, or hot-blood-
ed mares, I know to be impossible, for the original strain must
go on, from generation to gcneratiun, in a. scale dimimrendo.
Eut that the same stamp of horse can be again reproduced, re-
produced ad infinitum, by having recourse to the same system
of artificial crossing which produced it, and that many, if not
all its best qualities may be retained, or even improved, by
judicious breeding, I in no wise doubt or dispute."

In order to show that the English thorough-bred has had
much to do in improving the horses of this Coiuitry, it is only
necessary tj state that a list of 282 'thorough-bred Stallions,
imported hither from England, is on record, and mostly within
the last hundred years. In those imjiortations, the best blood
of England has como to our country to inipiovc the qu;ility and
style of our horses : hence, they arc, what tlioj are to-day, be-

- REPORTS. 55

cause of blood. The list of imported marc*fe is supposed to bo
more numerous than that of sires. It is claimed both for the
Morgan and Black Hawk horses, as for the Messenger and
other noted horses, that they were made whiit they were by
thorough blood. This being universally admitted, why should
not thorough blood still be used by all desirous of improving
their stock ? It is not proposed to discuss the origin of the
thorough-bred, for want of space will not permit. Tliat there
is such a distinct and generally recognized type of the horse
family, none will deny. This is sufficient for the present pur-
pose of the committee.

Stonchengo, a modern English writer in discussing the prin-
ciples of breeding, says, as '' the food of the embryo depends
entirely upon the dam, it may be espected that the health of
the offspring and its constitutional powers will be more in ac-
cordance with her state than with that of the sire ; yet^ since
the latter impregnates the germ, it is not surprising that in
externals and general character there is retained a facsimile,
to a certain extent, of him. . . . The preponderance of
one or the other of the progenitors will depend upon the
greater or lesser strength of the nervous system in each. No
general law is kiiDwn by which tliis can bo measured, nor is
anything known of the laws which regulate the temperament,
bodily or mental power, color or conformation of the resulting
offspring. ... As bad qualities are quite as easily trans-
mitted as good ones, if not more so, it is necessary to take care
that in selecting a male to improve the stock, he is free from
bad pointSj as well as possessed of good ones. It is well kaown
from observation, that the good or bad points of the pj-ogenitors
of the sire or dam, are almost as likely to reappear in the off-
spring as those of the immediate parents in which they are dor- ■

56 . EEPORTS. /

mant. Hence, in breeding, the rule is, tliat like produces like,
or the likeness of some ancestor. . . . Tlicrcfore, the
purer or less mixed the blood or breed, the more likely is it to
be transmitted unaltered to the offspring. Hence, wliichever
of the progenitors is of tlic purer blood, that one will generai-
I'j be better represented in the offspring ; but as the male is
usually more carefully selected and of purer blood than the
female, it follows that he exerts more influence tlian she docs ;
the reverse being true when she is of less mixed blood than the
sire. . . . The influence of the first impregnation seems
to extend to the subsequent ones ; this lias been proved by
several experiments, and is especially marked in the equine
genus. In the series of examples preserved in the Museum of
the College of Surgeons, the markings of tlie male qungga,
when united with the ordinary mare, are continued clearly for
three generations beyond the one in which the quagga Avas the
actual sire ; and they are so clear as to leave the question
settled Avithout a doubt. . . . When some of the elements
of which an individual sire is composed are in accordance with
others making up those of the dam, they sometimes coalesce in
such a kindred way as to make what is called a ' hit.' On the
other hand, when they are too incongruous, an animal is tho
result wholly unfitted for the task he is intended to perform."
Herbert in " The Horse of America," adduces several in-
stances in which a " hit " has occurred, by carrying out the
last axiom cited above. He says, " I think that it is clear by
recent events, that, previous to the last quarter of a century,
(1857) the American turfman was breeding in loo nuich of the
old Virginian and South Carolinian ante-revolutionary stock,
and that the American racehorse has been improved by the re-
sent cross of modern English blood. It is also worthy of re-

JlEPORTS. 61

mark, that every one of the foremost successful of modern
English Stallions in this Country, which hare most decidedly
hit with our old stock, — Leviathan, Sarpcdon, Priam, and
Glencoe, — all trace back to several crosses of Herod blood ;
Glencoe and Priam not less than three or four times each to
crosses of Partner blood, and directly several times to the
Godolphin Barb, or Arabian, which are the very strains from
which our Virginian stock derives its peculiar excellence. It
is further worthy of remark, that two Stallions have decidedly
hit with the importe.d English mare. Reel, as proved by her
progeny, Lecompte and Prioress, respectively to Boston and
Sovereign. Now Reel, through Glencoe, Catton, Gohanna, and
Smolcnsko, has herself no less than seven distinct strains of
Herod blood. Boston traces directly through Timaleon, Sir
Archy, Diomed, Florizel, to Herod. Sovereign, also, through
Emilius, his sire, has Herod on both lines as his paternal and
maternal g. g. g. sire ; and Tartar, the sire of Herod, a third
time in one remove yet further back. This goes to justify the
opinion of Stonehenge, that the recurrence to the same origi-
nal old strains of blood, when such strains have been suffi-
ciently intermixed and rendered new by other more recent
crosses, is not injurious, but of great advantage ; and that, on
the whole, it is better, ceteris puribus, to do such, than to try
experiments with extreme out-crosses."

Did space allow, something might be said of in-and-in breed-
ing, out-crossing, the advantages and disadvantages of eachj
the causes of a " hit," but these topics must now be passed
over. The importance of health and soundness in both dam
and sire, is now generally admitted. Defects from accidental
causes, as blindness from over-feeding or over-driving, they not

68 REPORTS.

being hereditary or constitutional, may be disregarded, as in
the case of Lexington. Stonchcnge recommends a Govern-
ment inspection of all horses and mares used for breeding, as
a national good ; for it would be a guaranty against constitu-
tional and organic defects; As to the age for breeding, the
mare should not be less than three years old and the sire to
which she is put should not be less than eight years old, that is
to say, he should be of full maturity.

Of the influence of sire and data, Abd-el-Kader an Arabic
writer says : " It is true, the foal proceeds from sire and dam,
but the experience of ages has proved, that the essential parts
of the body,- — such as the bones, tendons, nerves, and veins, —
proceed from the sire. This is true beyond doubt. The
most ignorant Arab knows that any malady specially belonging
to the bones, under which the sire may be suffering, at the
time of covering, will be perpetuated in his produce, such as
splints, bone and bl.)od spavins, the shape of the bones and all
diseases of the Tertcbral column. The dam may give to her
produce color, and a certain amount of resemblance in form,
the foal naturally partaking of some of the qualities of the
animal which had so long borne it ; but it is an incontestable
fact, that it is the sire which gives strength to the bones, sub-
stance to the tendons, vigor to the nerves, rapidity of pace, in
short, all the principal qualities. He also communicates what
may be called moral (?) qualities, and if he he of unquestion-
ably high blood, the foal is preserved from vice. Our fathers
Iiave said, ' A horse of noble race has no vices.' An Arab will
lend his Stud horse gratuitously ; he never accepts pay for his
services. To hire out a Stud horse for money, is, in the eyes
of an Arab, an unworthy action, and is contrary to the gener-

BEPORTS. 59

osity for which he is renowned, and, although the law allows it,
I have never known an instance of it. But though the Arab
lends his horse gratuitously, he does not do so to the first
comer for any mare. No : the suppliant is often obliged to
make use of the intercession of persons of great interest, or of
his wives, if he would not see his request refused. On the
other hand, the Arabs are very difficult in their choice of a
Stud horse, and if they cannot find one of pure blood, they
prefer leaving their mares unproductive rather than put them
to a common horse. To procure a good sire they do not hesi-
tate to travel any distance. The proceeding discussion has al-
ready intimated my conclusion, to wit, that the sire has more
to do for the foal than the dam. And my conclusion is identi-
cal with the universal opinion of the Arabs. They say. El hasr
ilebal elfahal — ' The foal follows the sire.' "

In confirmation of this view the writer quoted above, de-
scribes the Arab horses, as distinguished under the following
heads :— " El Hon, El Hadjim, El MeJmeref, and El Ber-
doune. The first is that when sire and dam arc both of noble
race ; the second, when the sire is noble and the dam of com-
mon race ; the name implies defective ; the third is when the
dam is high-bred and the sire half-bred, and is of much less
value than the second, on the same principle that a man whose
father is white and whose mother is a negress, is superior to
him whose mother is white and whose father is a negro ; and
the fourth is that class when both sire and dam are badly bred,
an animal that is reported as a stranger in Arabia. ''The
value of a horse is in its breeding."

In regard to the respective value put by the Arabs on their

60 REPORTS.

Stallions and marcs Ab-el-Kader says : " Arabs prefer mares
to Stallions for the following reasons : first that they look at
the profit which may arise from a mare as very considerable.
Some breeders have realized $20,000 from the produce of a
mare. They have a proverb, ' The fountainhead of riches is a
mare that produces a mare.' This is corroborated by Mahomet
who said, ' Let mares be preferred, their bellies are a treasure,
their backs the seat of honor.' ' Tiic greatest blessing is an
intelligent wife, or a mare that produces plenty of foals.'
These words are thus explained : Their bellies are a treasure,
because the mare by her produce increases the riches of her
master ; and their backs are the seat of honor, because the
pace -of a mare is easier than that of a horse; and there be
those that say it is sufficiently so as in time to render a horse-
man effeminate. The second reason is, that a marc does not
neigh in war, that she bears hunger, thirst and heat better
than a horse, and that therefore, she is more useful to people
whose riches consist of camels and sheep. Our camels and
sheep thrive only in the desert, where the soil is so arid, that
Arabs drinking chiefly milk, find water seldom, oftener than
every eight or ten days, in consequence of the distances be-
tween the pasturages found in the neighborhoods of wells.
The mare, like the Serpent, increases her powers in hot weath-
er and in arid Countries. Serpents living in cold or wet
Countries have little venom, or courage, whereas those living in
hot and arid Countries are more irritable and the virulence of
their poison is greatly increased. While the horse less easily
bears the heat of the sun, the mare finds her energies increased
by the greatest heat. The third reason is that a mare requires
less care and less nourishment. The owner can lead and turn
her out to graze with the sheep and camels and not be obliged

REPORTS.

CI

to leave a person constantly watching her ; whereas a horse must
be highly fed, and cannot be turned out without a constant at-
tendent. These are the reasons for an Arab's preference for
mares. It does not arise from the foal's inheriting the quali-
ties of the dam rather than those of the sire ; it does not pro-
ceed from its being better at all times and under all circum-
stances to ride a mare rather than a horse ; but it is based on
material interests, and. on the necessities enforced by the de-
scription of life which Arabs lead. It must, however, be ad-
mitted that a horse is nobler than a mare, is stronger, more
CQuragcous and faster. That he is stronger, is thus proved :
If both were struck by the same mortal wound a mare would
fall at once, while the horse would seldom drop until he had
carried his rider into safety. I saw a mare struck by a ball on
the leg, the bone was broken, and being unable to bear the
pain, she fell immediately : a horse was hit in a similar manner,
the broken limb hanging only by the skin, yet he continued his
course, supporting himself until he bore his rider from the
battle-field and then fell.

The Arabs prefer mares to horses for the reasons given, and
these are sufficient to show why, among us, the value of a
mare is greater than that of ahorse, though the breeding were
the same ; for while on the one hand the foal takes more after
the sire than the dam, on the other the proprietor of a horse
cannot gain in many years as much as the owner of a mare can
in one year, if she throw a foal. A horse, however, when he
has displayed any extraordinary qualities, it often happens that
he will not be parted wilh, he producing, probably to his mas-
ter in the way of booty or otherwise, as much as the most
valuable mare. I saw among the Aunazas, a tribe extending

ti EEP0B-T8.

from Bagdad to Syria, horses so beyond all price that it was
almost impossible to purchase them, and, certainly, impossible
to pay ready money for tliem. These animals, of a fabulous
value, are sold only to the highest personages, or to rich mer-
chants who pay for them by thirty or forty instalments., or by ^
perpetual rent, setded on the vender or his descendents. The
birth of a horse can never be considered a misfortune by an
Arab, however much he may prefer a mare for the material ad-
vantages which they procure. Mares almost always produce,
and it is on that account principally, that they are preferred.
I repeat it — the birth of an animal that guarantees its master
against humiliation can never be considered a misfortune. A
poet says, ' My brothers reproach me with my debts, yet I never
contracted one but for an honorable purpose. In giving the
bread of heaven to all, in purchasing a horse of noble racCj and;
buying a slave to attend upon me.' "

Stonehenge says, " My own belief, founded on much obser-
vation is, that much depends upon the comparative physical
power and strength of constitution in sire and dam, even more,
perhaps, than upon the composition of the blood. Where the
blood is tho same in kind, the difference in progeny, which
often occurs must be attributable to the individual nervous
system, power, energy, or something akin thereto. Something
more than mere breeding must be souglit to explain this, and I
am inclined to think it is in the constitution, possessed by the
individuals." Let these considerations be duly weighed by all
breeders of horses as of other domesticated animals.

In the choice of sire and dam for breeding purposes, two,
much care cannot be given in regard to soundness of wind and

BEP0F.T3. €$

limb, healtlifulness of constitution, endurance of performance
and whatever else makes the most perfect animals. " Ereed-
ing," says a modern writer, " is always more or less a lottery,'*
but when carried on by dams and sires of unknown pedigree,
it is a hundred fold more so than it need be. " Were I," says
Stonehenge, to establish a breeding stud, whether of cart Or
carriage horses, hacks or hunters, I would never introduce a
single mare whose dam and grand-dam as well as the sire and
grand-sire are not producable as good specimens of their re-
spective kinds. Beyond the second remove there would al-
ways be some difficulty in going with the low-bred mares, but
I would certainly go as far as this in all cases. If the sire and
dam, grand-sire and grand-dam, were, on the whole, of desira-
ble form and performances, I would choose the produce as a*
brood-mare, but not otherwise ; and though of course, I should
be obliged to pass over some important defects in individuals,
I would not do so if they were common to all, or nearly all, of
the four. In this way I should expect to do more than by
simply choosing 'a great roomy mare' without knowing her
pedigree in the belief that she would bo sure to reproduce her
likeness."

Having determined on turning one's attention to breeding
liorses, the next point to be considered, is, tlie kind of horses
to be bred, whether farm horses, roadsters, trotters, or saddle-
horses. Select as good mares as can be found in view of all
the conditions, such as are specified above, then, use a sire of
the best blood of the various breeds known, such as the
thorough-bred, Cleveland Bay, &c. If it be desirable to breed
trotters, use the pure thorough-bred sire, the best type of that
blood and race that can be obtained.

64 BEPORTS.

The discussion which lately took place in England between
Lord Redesdale and Admiral Rous, indicates plainly, what the
general opinion of the diminution in the stoutness of our
horses is, says, Stonehenge. Breeders should, therefore, he
adds, " turn their attention to this point, and be doubly care-
ful to avoid breedy or diseased sires and dams. It cannot be
denied that our modern thorough-breds have size and speed;
hut they do not shine in staying powers. But there are strains
particvilarly free from this defect. It should not be forgotten,
that though the thorough-bred horse will bear more work,
especially at high speed than any other kind, yet he can only
do this when well-fed and warmly housed. Being a native of
a warm and dry climate, he requires to be protected from the
weather ; and the young stock must be well-reared in all re-
spects, or they will never pay. If, therefore, the breeder is
not determined to put up warm stables, and if he is stingy of
his corn, he had far better let his Stud of mares be composed
of lower bred animals. If a thorough-bred horse and a don-
key are both fed upon the lowest quantity and quality of feed
which will keep the latter in condition, the donkey will beat its
high-bred antagonist over a distance of ground — that is to say,
supposing the experiment to be constituted long enough to pro-
duce a permanent effect upon the two animals. A cart-horse,
colt or one of any kind of low blood, will do well enough if
reared, till he is put to work upon grass and hay; but a
race horse, or hunter, of high breeding, would show a badly
developed frame, and be comparatively worthless for his par-
ticular kind of work, if he were not allowed his corn from the
time that he is weaned."

This prolific subject is far from being exhausted ; but the

KEPORTiS. 66

length of this report forbids the further discussion of it at this
time. It has been the purpose of the committee to present
views and considerations, that shall aid in guiding those wlio
are engaged in, or purpose to turn their attention to, the busi-
ness of breeding horses. Let ^^^ such procure the best mares
for this purpose that can be had, and then use none but sires
ol pure bluod, prefcrrhig like the Arabians, that the mare shall
go unproductive rather than be served by a common horse ;
for, " The foal follows the sire."

LEANDER WETHERELL.

^u CuUxtru.

STATEMENT OF DAA^D S. COWLES.

I procured a swarm of bees in 1837 and experimented for years
•with differently constructed hives, finally adopting Weeks Patent
Bee-hive after making some improvements upon it. Since Phelps
obtained his patent I have used his hive and prefer it to any in
use. It requires some experience to use this hive. It is built ia
six divisions, three large boxes and three small ones, the large
boxes hold thirty pounds the small ones eight. Only a few bees
are necessary to guard the hive from the bee miller and robber.
Moth traps are placed under the edges of the large boxes which
can be drawn at any time and the moth worms destroyed. The
honey made is purer for having a free circulation of air through
the hive. The boxes can be drawn when they are full. I take
off the samll boxes as often as the bees fill them to prevent their
Bwarming. If bees have sufScient room they seldom swarm.
The large boxes I take off in August or September. If there is a
large number of bees in the hive, it is best to leave two boxes for
their wintering. If in drawing the small boxes, I find I have
taken the queen bee I replace her in the hive, as unlike other
bees she will not know to which hive she belongs. By cutting
off the communication between the boxes and rapping lightly
upon the one I wish to draw, the bees will fill with honey in a
few moments, and I can do what I please with them unharmed.
Bees know their master, and to be made profitable must receiv*

REPOBti. St

some attention. I now have twenty swarms of bees. My bee-
house stands fronting to the Southeast, and is protected from the
North and West wind. I white-wash the shelves occasionally to
keep the moth miller away and the house neat to please the bees.
By keeping a neat house and clean hives I have never lost a
swarm in time of swarming for the whole twenty-eight years.
On warm days in March and April, I place plates of rye flour
where the bees can collect it and carry it away to their hives for
food for their young in the comb. The longer the comb is used
to increase bees the smaller the bees will be. Owing to some
peculiarity of the season, the bees have made less honey than
usual, and it is not as white as that of former years. When it is
collected slowly it vfiW be of a darker color.

DAVID S. COWLES.

CHOPS.

STATEMENT OF LEVI STOCKBRIDGE.
To the Executive Committee of ihe^ Ilavipshire County Agricultural

Societij.
Gentlemen: — The crop of broom corn which I entered for
premium was grown on two acres of ground, which was in pota-
toes in 1864 and tobacco in 1863. The field was put into good
condition for the crop, by plowing and harrowing on the 22d of
May. One half of it was planted May 24th, the remainder the
8th of June. At the time of planting, four hundred pounds per
ftcre of Wilsons Phosphate was applied in the hill, and it had no

68 HEPOBTS,

other manure. Nearly one-fourth of the crop was seriously in-
jured by the drought, and did not fully mature. The yield was
eighteen hundred I'lounds of most beautiful brush, and one hun-
dred and forty bushels of heavy well ripened seeds. The cost of
cultivating the crop, and other expenses were as follows :

Intere.-jt on the land at $273,00 per acre and taxes, $38,00

Phosphate, 16,00

Plowing and Harrowing, 8,00

Planting, ' 5,00

.Hoeing and Cultivating, 25,00

Harvesting, . 10,10

Scraping brush and cleaning seed, 13,00

Total cost of crop, ' $115,00

The credit is as follows :

Eighteen hundred pounds of broom corn at one

shilling per Ik, $300,00

One hundred and forty bushels of broom-seed at

50 cents per bushels, 70,00

Total receipts from crop $370,00'

Deduct its cost, 115,00

Profit, $io5,00

The large profit of $127 per acre was not so much in .con-
sequence of an extraordinary large crop 900 lbs. per acre, as of
the small cost of the fertilizer applied to the land, and the high
Iprice at which the brush was sold.

LEVI STOCKBRIDGE.

SfiPORti'^ M

€oxn €xny.

STATEMENT OF CORN CKOP GROWN BY J. M. SMITH.

The soil upon Avliich my crop was grov/n in 1865, consists of
"U'hat may be called alluvial.

The land is situated in Sunderland Meadow (so called) and
Contains by measurement nine acres and sixty rods. The crops
taken. from the land in the years of 1863-4, were hay with the ex-
ception of one aild a quarter acres, upon which a crop of corn Ava3
raised in the season of 1864:, upon which twenty-five loads of
manure were harrowed in.

For the crop of the present season the land was ploughed six
inches deep, a portion in the fall previous, the remainder last
Spring, with no perceptible difl'erence in the amount of the
crop*.

The manure was made as follows : In the Fall of 186-1, several
piles of muck were drawn upon the field, amounting in all to
twenty loads to the acre, and with it ther e was mixed Fish Guano
at the rate of ten hundred per acre. The following Spring tea
loads of barn yard manure to each twenty loads of muck wore
mixed, turning twice before using. Immediately before planting
thirty loads of this compost were put upon each acre, spreading
broadcast from the cart, and the surface well pulverized. The
seed was dropped with the corn planter,- and at the same time^
two hundred lbs., equal parts of Superphosphate of Lime and
Plaster of Paris v/ere dropped in the hill. The corn was hoed
fQur times, going through with a horse five times.

The corn was cut close to the ground, bound in bfindles^'ahd
shocked between the tenth and twentieth of 'Seotember,

70

REPORT?.

The amount of the crop was 1368 bushels oi ears by measure.
The amount of fodder was 20 tons by estimation.

VALUE OF CROP.

Corn 72,96 bushels per acre,
Fodder two tons per acre,
One third manure per acre,

EXPENSES.

Ploughing, harrowing and planting per acre,

Manure and Fertilizers,

Cultivation,

Harvesting,

$72,96
20,00
16,00

$5,00

48,00

8,00

12,00

-$10.8,95

73,00

■ $33,96
M. SMITH.

STATEMENT OF SAMUEL S. HIBBARD.

To the Officers of the Hampshire County Agricultural Society.

Gentlemen : — I have the honor to make the following report
respecting the crop of Indian Corn I entered for your premium :

The piece contained by measure, exactly two acres. It was in
tobacco in 1863-4, and was manured with 25 loads of yard
manure to the acre. This year it received 1000 lbs. of Fish
Guano per acre, which was cultivated in after plowing.

The land was prepared the 13th of May, and planted the 28th,
by hand. The rows three feet eight inches apart, and hills four
feet apart in the row. It was hoed three times and harvested the
21st of September, by cutting at the roots and stocking eight
bundles in a stock. It was shocked the third week in October,
threshed the last of November. The yield was 187 bushels or
93J bushela pesr acre;

EEPOETS,

fL

The following is the debt and credit with the land ; no charge
being made for harvesting and husking, or credit given for the
fodder.

Interest on land at $200 per acre and taxes,

$28.00

Plowing, cultivating in manure and harrowing,

9,00

Fish Guano,

40,00

Cultivating crop and hoeing,

16,00

Planting,

4,00

Seed,

50

Total expense,

$93,50

Credit by 187 bushels corn,

$205,70

Net Profit,

$112,20

SAMUEL S, HIBBARD.

North Hadley, Dec. 1st, 1863,

STATEMENT OF I. F. CON-KEY.

The crop of 1863 was potatoes, on which no manure was used
except phosphates in the hill. The crop of 1864 was Tobacco, oa
which I used one ton of Fish Guano, spread and ploughed in
with a dressing of compost made of loam, horse manure and a de-
posit from sinks, harrowed in, twenty loads to the acre. I gave
the land one ordinary ploughing in Sept. 1864, with no other
preparation for the seed. The cost of ploughing was $6.00. No
manure was applied. The seed was planted in Sept. 1864, one
bushel to the acre. Cost of the seed and planting $1.90. It had
no other cultivation. It was harvested July 8, 1865. The cost
of harvesting including storing and threshing, was $11.50. I
had one ton of straw. The amount of rye obtained was twenty-
four bushels. I. F. CONKEY.

Amherst, Aug. 28th, 1864.

TA JK£PeRX4.

P^ildj €0to3.

STATEMENT OF OLIVER WATSON.

The native cow offered by me for preroinm, is eleven years old,
and has been owned by me four years. She calved July 18th,
1864. The calf, at' seven weeks old weighed 24G pounds, was
faltened wholly by milk from said cow ; who besides fattening
this calf supplied a family of six persons with mi]k and butter,
during those seven weeks. During the two weeks following
September 5th, she gave 266 quarts of milk, weighing 583 pounds.
Her milk is very rich in cream. During two weeks she made
12 pounds of butter per week, since that time no j^ains has been
taken to ascertain the exact amount she would make. This same
cow togeth^' with another exhibited by me at the same time,
produced during the ten following months, COO pounds of butter.

OLIVER WATSON.

REPOBTS.

Treasurer's Report.

■' RECEIPTS.

«
Cash on hand Dec. 27th, 1864,
Cash received for Life members certificates,
Cash of A. P. Howe, (error)
E. H. Howard work,
Cash from E. F. Cook, use of Park,

" 0. Watson, Dinners tickets sold,

" . E. F. Cook, from Peddlers,

" Joseph Potwine, entrance fees and dinner,

received from State,

" from John Sisson for grass,

" on Life members note.

DISBURSEMENTS.

$485

92

100

00

2 00

2

50

6

00

12

75

70 50

778 62

eoo

00

12

00

2

00

|2,072 29

Current expenses, $894 91

Premiums, 497 31

$1,392

09.

PERMANENT FUND.

Hampshire Hall and Park, $5,200 00

Cattle pens and tables, &c., &c. 275 00

Tickets of various kinds, 50 00

Life members notes, (about,) 120 00

Cash on hand, 680 17

Total Permanent Fund, $6,325 17

Respectfully submitted,

M. N. SPEAR, Treasurer.
Amherst, Dec. 27, 1865.

74 REPoaiSi

OF THE

Art. 1. The Officers of this Society shall be one President,
'Bix Vice Presidents, a Secretary and Treasurer and an Executive
Committee of seven, to be chosen by ballot, except the Vice
Presidents who maybe chosen by nomination at the annual meet-
ing, and to serve one year, and until others are chosen in their
stead.

Art. 2. The President shall preside at all meetings of the So-
ciety, and in his absence one of the Vice Presidents.

Art. 3. The Secretary shall keep a true record of all the do-
ings of the Executive Committee and the Society.

Art. 4. The Treasurer shall keep an account of all monies, re-
ceived into and paid out of the treasury. His accounts shall al-
ways be open to inspection by any member of the Society, and he
shall give Bonds, in such sum as shall be designated by the Exe-
cutive Committee, for the faithful discharge of his duties, and he
shall make an annual report, previously audited.

Art. 5. It shall be the duty of the Executive Committee, to
call special meetings of the Society, and upon the request of not
less than ten members from each of four different towns they

REPOETS, 75

shall call such meetings ; to designate the time and place of an-
nual exhibitions, and make all necessary arrangements therefor;
to appoint Sub-Committees for examination antl to award pre-
miums ; and to have a general supervision over the funds and af-
fairs of the Society. The President and Secretary shall be mem-
bers of the Executive Committee.

Art. 6. The Annual Meeting of the Society shall be held on
the last Wednesday of December each year, and twenty members
shall constitute a quorum to do business.

Art. 7. Notices for all meetings of the Society shall be signed
by the President and Secretary, and published in some newspaper
in the County, or circulated by handbills, or in any other manner,
that may be designated by the Executive Committee.

Art. 8. Any male person may become a Life Member by pay-
ing to the Treasurer the sum of five dollars. Any lady, by pay-
ment of two dollars and fifty cents, may become a Life Member.

Art. 9. A!l premiums not called for within six weeks after
the same are awarded shall be paid into the treasury and be con-
sidered, as 23resented to the Society.

Art. 10. These By-Laws may be amended or altered by a
majority of the members present at any legal meeting.

76 REPORTS.

OFFICERS 1866.

PRESIDENT,

AUSTIN EASTMAN, of Amherst.

VICE PRESIDENTS,

Hon, LEVI STOCKBRIDGE, Hadley. 1 CHESTER SMITH, Hadley.
Doct. N. G. TROW, Suuderhind. | TIMOTHY PUTNAM, Leverett.

PARK WARNER, Granby.

SECRETARY AND TREASURER,
MIRICK N. SPEAR, of Amherst.

EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE,

E. F. COOK, Amlierst.
OLIVER WATSON, Amherst.
CHAS. H. FIELD, Leverett.

L. V. B. COOK, Belchertown.

LEVI P. WARNER, Sunderland.
ROYAL M MONTAGUE, Hadley j
Rev. JOHN JONES, Pelham.

AUDITOR,

a N. WEBSTER, of Amlierst.

DELEGATE TO THE STATE BOARD OF AGRICULTURE,

LEVI STOCKBRIDGE, of Hadley.

BEPORT*.

LIFE MEMBERS

OF THE

HONORARY LIFE MEMBERS.

Hon. A. H. Bullock, of Worcester.
Hon. C. C. Chaffee, of Springfield.
Hon. George T. Davis, of Greenfield.
Hon. Edward Dickinson, of Amherst.
Charles L. Flint, Esq., of Boston.
Prof, Wm. C. Fowler, of Durham, Conn.

W. C. Goldthwait, Esq., Longmeadow.
Rev. F. D. Huntington, D.D., Boston.
Z. C. Montague, Esq., of Amherst.
Hon J Y. Smith, of Providence, R. I.
Hon. M. P. Wilder, of Dorchester.
Hon. Henry F. French, of Amherst. 12

Adams, Asa
Adams, Mrs. Asa
Adams, Charles
Adams, Mrs. Charles
Adams, John S.
Adams, Mrs. John S.
Adams, John Q.
Aiiisworth, Foraester
Albee, John E.
Aldrich, Charles P.
Alien, Mrs. Hiram H.
Alleu, Lysander H.
Allen, M Adams
Ayers, Elijah
Ayers, Mrs. Elijah

Albee, Mrs. Lydia

Allen, James W.

Aldrich, Nehamiah W.

Allen, Benj. B.

Baker, Alfred

Baker, Mrs-. Alfred

Baker, Enos

Baker, George

Baker, Mrs. George

Baker, Joel

Bangs, Charles H.

Bangs, Danforth K.

Bangs, Mrs. Danforth K.

AMHERST.

Barnard, Alvin
Barnard, Mrs. Alvin
Bartlett, Mrs. David
Bartlett, Moses S.
Bartlett, Lewis A,
Barrows, William
Belden, Horace
Belden, Timothy C.
Billings, Warren S.
Blanehard, Horace
Bogiie, Mrs. Elisha
Boltwood, Lucius
Boltwood, Hon. L. M.
Boltwood, William
Boltwood, Mrs. William
Braley, John
Biidgman, Guilford
Briagman, Miss Mary S.
Ri'iggs. Ebene'-cer
Briggs, Mrs. Ebeuezer
Buruliam, George
Burnham, Mrs. George
Bliss, Zenas W.
Carter, Samuel C.
Carter, Mrs. Samuel C.
Chapin, Otis H.
Church, Elihu S.
Church, Mrs. E. S.

Church, Spencer
Clapp, Oliver M.
Clark, Simeon
Clark, Mrs. Simeon >
Clark, Prof. William S,
Clark, Mrs. William S.
Cobb, Henry
Cobb, Mrs. Henry
Con key, Hhamar F.
Conkey, Mrs. Hhamar F.
Conkey, Miss Jennie C.
Conkey, Edward
Cunkey, ]\liss Kate
Conkey, William
Converse, Daniel
Converse, Mrs. Daniel
Cook, D<.vid S,
Cook, Mrs. David S.
Cook, Enos F.
Cook, Mrs. Enos F.
Cook, Rev. George
Cook, Mrs George
Cooley, Allen
Cooley Moses D.
Cooley, Samuel Dexter
Cowles, Chester
Cowles, Mrs. Chester
Cowles, Clinton J.

78

REPORTS.

Cowles, Mrs. Clinton J.
Cowles, Enoch
Cowles, Mrs. Enoch
Cowle'', Erastus
Cowles, James
Cow'es, Mrs James
Cowles, Mrs. Jonathan
Ccwles, Jr., Jonathan
Cow'es, Jr., Mis Jona.
Cowles, Levi D.
Cowles, ]\Irs.. Levi D.
Cowles, Mnses
Cowels, Mrs. Moses
Cow'es, Ransom
Cowles, Mrs. Ransom
Cowles, Mrs. Submit
Curtis, Oliver H.
Curtis, Mrs. Oliver H.
Cusliman, Avery R.
Cushman, Mrs. Avery R.
Ciishraan, Ephraim
Cuslimm, Jr., Ephia'm
Cushniaa, Jr., Mrs. E.
Cusliman, Ji hi R:
Cushman, Mrs. John R.
Cusliman, R'lnford C.
Ci-^hman, Mrs. S. C.
Cutler. E. Pumeroy
Cutler, Miss Esther
Cutler, George
Cutler, Mrs. George
Cutler, William
Cutler, Mis. Samuel F.
Clapp, Mi.vs ILittie
Chittenden, Mrs. Erastus
C^o^itr, Mrs. James.
Clark, Mrs Sti!m£|m D.
Dana, Joseph
.Dana, Juseph D.
Darling, Benjamin R.
Deuel, Charles
Deuel, Mrs. Charles
Dexter, David
Dickinson., Asa
Dickinson, Bela U.
Dickinson, Miss Charlotte
Dickinson, Charles
Dickinson, Daniel
Dickin on, Mrs. Daniel
Dickinson, Mrs. Edward
Dickinson, l^Iiss Emily E.
Dickinson, Enos
Dickinson, Mrs. Enos
Dickinson, Enos 2d
Dickinson, Mrs. Enos 2d
Dickinson, Joseph
Dickinson, Josi.ih
Dickinson, Mi s L. N.
Dickinson, Miss Loviua '
Dickinson, Miss Lydia
Dickinson, Marquis F.
Dickinson, Mrs, M. F.

Dickinson, Moses B.
Dickinson, Mrs. Moses B.
Dickinson, Mrs. Oliver
Dickinson, Purler
Dichiiison , Samuei S,
Dickin^cm, Mrs. Samuel S.
Dickinson, Mi>s .Sarah M.
Dickinson, Waitstill
Dickinson, Mrs. Wa,it.>till.
Dickinson, William
Dickinson, William A.
Dickinson, I^Irs. \Vm A.
I'ickinson, William E.
Dickinson, Wlliim W.
Dickinson, Mrs, Mary
Dutton, Alonzo
Dutton, Mrs. Alonzo
Easlmnn, Austin
Eastman, Mrs. Austin
Eastman, Mrs. Baxer
Eastman, So'omon K.
Eistman, (ylia.s. A-
Eastman, Mrs. Chas. A.
Ea><tman, George H.
Eraer>on, Mrs. Sarah E.
Edwards, Simeon
Ferry, Miss Sarah P.
Fish, Cummings
Fish, Mis. Selh
French, Miss Mary
Fu-ld, Edwi:i G.
Field, Mrs Edwin G.
Ga'loud, George B.
Ga^kill, Chester
(iates, Lansfurd
Gnylord, Flavel
Gaylord, Mrs. Williarfi
Graves. George
Gray, Joseph P.
Gray, Mrs. Joseph P.
Gunn, Lyman
Goodale, Lewis
Hall, Mrs, John B.
Harlow, Nathaniel L.
Hastings, Edmund
Hastings, Mis. Edmund
Hastings, James
Hastings, Mrs. James
HastiLgs, Joseph C.
Hastings, Mis. Joseph C.
Hastings, Mrs, Thomas
Ela^kiiis, John H.
Haskins Mrs, John H.
Hask n-.. Henry W.,
Ha>.kiiis, Mrs. Harriet C.
Hawley, Cliail s M.
Hawley, Harrison,
Hawley, Justin
Hawley, Stetson
Hay ward, Charles F.
Hayward, Mrs, Chas. F.
Hills, Henry F.

Hills, Leonard M.
Hills, Mrs, L. M.
Hills, Liberty
Hills, Samuel
Hills, Snmuel T.
TTills, Mrs Samuel T.
Hills, Dwighl L,
Hitchcock, Prof, Edwarcj
Hiclhcock. Mrs. Edward
ilobart, Edmund
Hob.'irt, Mrs. Edmund
H(J.art, George W.
Hobait, Mrs, George W.
Htibait, Jeremiah \V.
Hobart Joshua
Hohart, Stillman
Hobart. Mrs Stillman
Howard, M W.
Howard, Mrs, M. W.
Howard, Roswell H.
Howland, Warren S.
Howland, Mrs W S.
Flubbard, Ethan D.
Hulibaid, Mrs. Ethan D.
Hubbard, Hon, R. B.
Hubbard, Mrs. R B.
Hutchinson. Charles E.
Ho vard, Mrs, Sarah A.
Henderson, Hon Horaca
Henderson, Alpheus R.
Henderson, Mrs. A. R.
Hunt, Wm W.
Howard, Mrs. H. C.
Ingram, Ezra
Ingram, Plarrisnn
Ingram. Mrs. Harrisou
Ingram, Iltifus
I li^ram, Luc us
Ingham', Thomas
Jackson, Henry
Johnson, Earl
Johnson, Mrs. Earl
Johnson, Orrin
Jones, Mrs Mary
Joy. Horatio N.
Kellogg. Eleazer
Kellogg, James
Kellogg, Lyman
Kellogg, Mrs. Lyman
Kellogg, Willard
Kellogg, Willard M.
Kellogg, Mrs. W M.
Kellogs, Mrs, William
Kenfieid, Charles S.
Kenfield, Mrs. Chas. S.
Kellngg. Henry C.
Leland'Mrs. John
Lincoln, R. S.
Lincoln, Mrs. R. S.
Loomis, Austin D.
Lovett, Edward B.
Leach, B. F,

KEl-ORTS.

?•

Lovell, John L.
Lovell, Mrs. John L.
Lewis, Hattie E.
Marsh, Henrv A.
.Marsh, Mrs. H. A.
Marsha! I, Atisel C
Miir.hall. Mrs, Ansel C.
Mather, Mrs William E.
Mayo, Mrs. Noah
MtCloud, Milton
McCloud, Mrs. Milton
Mc^Master, Charles
McMaster, Mrs. Charles
Merrick, James E.
Merrick, Mr.=. James E?
Merr;ck, Rev. JaraeS L.
Merrill, Calvin
Merrill, Mrs. Calvin
Merrill, Miss Harriet 0.
Mosman, Abner A.
Munseil, Guy C.
Munsell. Mrs Gay C.
Nash,' Mrs. Charles
Nash, Henrv C.
Nash, Mrs Henry C.
Nash, Luther
Needhaui, Emory H.
Needliam, Mr.s. E H.
Ne son, Miss Julia C.
Nims, .Seth
Oiney, Mrs. Almira
Palmer, Dwight W.
Palmfr, Mrs. Du-i-htW
Palmer, Mrs- Sabra D.
Palmer, Fiedi rijk A.
Palmer, Mrs. Y. A.
Pomeroy. David
Pojeroy, Mrs. David
Pomeroy, Lorenzo H.
Poiueruy, Mrs. L. H.
Potwine, Thomas

ATHOL.— Putnum, Pvufu.s,
BALTIMUKK. M. I— Brow
BERNAKDSTON —Slate,
BOSTON.— Smith, Alvau.

Alden, Thomas
Barrett, Leonard
Brid^eman, Pliineas
Chandler, Georfj'
Chandler, JIrs George
Chandler. Henrv J.
Clark, Norman P.
Clark, Mrs N P.
Cowles, Samuel D.
Cook, L. V. B.
DickiUson. Samuel
Dunbar, CharUs T.
Dwight, Nathanial

Roberts, Reuben Jr.

Reed, Thomas

Reed, Mrs. Thomas

Rich, AI}'heus

Roberts, Mrs. Fanny H.

Robbins, Alva

Robinson, Ferdinand

Robinson , Mrs. F.

Russell, Emer.-on

Russell, Mis. Emerson

Smith. John W.

Smith, Mrs. John W.
Stratton, R. W.
Stratton, Mrs. R. W.
Sissou, John
Si.sson, Lucius W.
Sisson, Taber T.
Shepard, Prof. Chas. U.
Skinuer, J. Ij.
Smith, Mrs. B. F.
Smith, Samuel D.
Sniilh, Timothy
Smith, Mrs. Timothy
Smith, William B.
Smith, Mrs. William B.
Smi>h, William W.
Snell, Prof. E. S.
Snell, Mrs. E. S.
Spaulding, Philip D.
Spaulding, Mrs. Philip D.
Spear, Ebenezer P.
Spear, Lyscom
S}'ear,Mrs. Lyscom
Spear, Mirick N.
Stanley, Edward A,
Stearns, William A. D.D.
Stratton, Dr. Chester
Str..tton, Mrs Chester
Sweetser, Luke
Sweetser, Mrs. Luke
Thayer; Charles E.
Wright, Sylvanus M.— £9i
Putnam, Mrs Rufu^. Horr,
n, Smith. Wheelock, Dana-
Jonathan S. — 1
Wetherell, Leander. Shaw

BELCHERTOWN.

Goodale, Asahel
Goodale, Rufus
Grraves. Mrs. Wm.
Hall, Le i B.
Hanuum, George 0.
Hannniii, Lyman W.
Hannum, Mrs. L W.
Holland, Mrs. Luther
Montague, Ephraim
Packard, .Joel
Perkins, Samuel G.
Ru^sall, Francis H.

Turner, Mrs. £. G..

Temple, Dr. Theroil

Taylor, Dr. Israel H.

Taylor, Mrs. Israel H.

Thayer, Jason

Thayer, Mrs. Jasoa

Thayer, Reuben

Thayer, Mrs. Reuben

Thurston, Siillman

Tuckerman, Prof. Edwarti

Tuckerman, Mrs. Edward

Turner, Rudolphus

Tyler, Prof. William S.

Tyler, Mrs, Williaix. S.

Whitney, Miss Hattie

Whitney, Mrs. S. W.

Wiley, Miss Dolly T.

Ward, Horace

Ward, Mrs. Horace

Warner, Aaron, D. D,

Warner, David S,

Warner, George

Watson, Oliver

Watson, Mrs. Oliver

Webster, Charles N,

Westcutt, JaredT.

White, John C.

White, Mrs. John C.

White, Martin

Whipple, George A.

Whitney, Sinun W.

Wiley, John

Wiley, Mrs. John

Williams, Enos D.

Williams, Mrs Enos D.

Williams. Frederick

William Lucas

Williams, Orria

Williams, Mrs. Orrin *
I Vv' oodworth Rev. C. L.
i Vv^ood worth, Mrs. C. L.

Geo. W. Horr, Mrs. Geo. — 1

, George L. Howe, Geo. — 3

Sabin, Lyman
Th lyer, Morris
Thayer, Manser R.
Thayer, Mrs. Rufui?
Thnyer, Savannah A.
Ihayer, Mrs S A.
Thayer, William
Thi mpson. Dr. Georg« F.
Walker, Emory P.
W.bsttr, Jonathaa
Wilson. Asa
Wiley, Otis— 3«

BO

EEPORTS.

BRIGHTON.— Clark. Kev. Sereno D. Clark, Mrs. Sereno D.— 2

Boyden, Hon. J, W,
Dickinson, William P.
Dickinson, Mrs. P.

CHICAGO.

HavHn, Joseph D.D.
Haven, Mrs. Joseph
Hubbard, Orton

I Pierce, Francis A.
Tapley, George W.
I Payson, Joseph K. — 9

CLINTON, N. Y.— Swift, Eev. E. Y. Swift, Mrs. E. Y.— 2
COVENTRY, Vt.— White, Rev. Plioy H.— 1
COLERAINE.~Sprague, Joseph G.— 1

Ely, John D.
Fogg, Josiah
Bust, Horatio N.

Colton, Rev. A. M.
Colton, Mrs. A. M.

Abbott, Frederick
Ballou, Hiram
Blodgett, David
Fobes, Henry
Gillett, Daniel B.
Howe, Joseph J.

ERVING.— Stone, J. E.— 1
FREDOM, Pa,— Howe, A. P.

DEERFIELD.

Mosher,Cbas.
Stebbins, Benjamin Z.
Stebbins, Evander G.

EASTHAMPTON

Matthews, Horace
, Sabin, Sherman

ENFIELD.

Kimball, C. H.
Moody, Augustus
Potter, Lyman D.
Randall, A Ivan
Rand ill, Ozias
Root, Joseph

1 Stebbins, Moses
Stebbins, Mrs. Moses-

Sabin, Mrs. Sherman
Williston, Hon. Samuel — 6

Shearer, Lyman F.
Smith, Edward P.
Smith, Henry M.
Woods, Cyrus F.
Woods, Hon. Josiah B,
Woods, Rufus D.— 18

Howe, Mrs. A. P. Howe, Doct. H. A.— 3

Aldrich, Christopher C.
Ayers, Rodney
■Barton, James M.
Barton, Phinehas D.
Chapin, Philo
Clark, Augustus
Clark, Charles F.
Clark, Spencer
Dickinson, Samuel B.
Eastman, Samuel F.
Eastman, Mrs. Samuel F.

GRANBY.

Ferry, Charles S.
Ferry, Lucius
Lyman, David
Lyman, George J.
Montague, Giles F,
Montague, Holland
Nash, Lorenzo S.
Patrick, William J.
Preston, John H. D.
Richardson, Orsemus
Smith, George N.

Smith, Jared C.
Smith, Nelson
Smith, Jr., Samuel
Smith, Jr., Mrs. Samuel
Smith, William A.
Stanley, Ileury F.
Stebbins, Cyrus
Taylor, Milo A.
Warner, Alonzo
Warner, Park
Witt, Horace

Woodford, William H. Ingram, Robert — 35

GRANBY, Conn. — Gavlord, Ebenezer. Gaylord, Mrs. Ebenezer — .3
GRAND RAPIDS, Mich.— Cutler, Robert. "Cutler, Mrs. Robert— 2
GREENFIELD, N. H.— Downes, Almeron S.— 1 .

Carter, John

Adams Benjamin
Adams, Mrs. Benjamin
Adams, Levi
.Avdams, Mrs. Levi

GREENWICH.

Douglas, Stephen

HADLEY.

Ashcraft, John 0.
Beaman, Jonas
Bonney, Dr. Franklin
Bonney, Oliver E.

I Warren,. Samuel M. — S

Carter, Benjamin T.
Chapin, Edwin
Clark, John
Clemons, Mrs, Horace

KEPORTS.

81

('omins, Simou F.
C'owles, Daniel
Cowles, Mrs. Daniel
Cowles, David S.
Cowles, Mrs. David S.
Cowles, pjlijah
Cowles, Mrs. Elijah
Cowles, Lewis
Cowles, Mrs. Lewis
Cowles -Tohn S.
Comins, H. C.
Com ins, Mrs. H. C.
Comins, Mrs. Ellen
Dickinson, Alphonzo
Dickinson, Mrs. A.
Dickinson, Caleb D.
Dickinson, Ehliu S.
Dickinson, George
Dwiglit, Rev. E. S.
Dwight, Mrs. E. S.
Granger, Lorenzo N.
Granger, Mrs. L. N.
Gray, Amos
Gray, Chester
Green, Dorus
Green, Henry
Green, Linus
Green, Mrs. Linus
Hibbard, Mrs. Willard
Hawley, F. A.
Hawlev, Warren F.
Hayward, E. E.
Hibbard, Edward P.
Ilibbard, Samuel S.
Eibbard, Willard
Hill, Eoderic B.
Hooker, Benjamin

Williams, P. Smith.

Huntington, Theodore G.
Huntington.'Mrs. T. G.
Huntington,*Mrs, T. P.
Hurd, Horatio C.
Ingram, Z. E,
Kellogg, J. C.
Kellogg, Benj. A.
Kellogg, Mrs. Martin
Kellogg, Stillman
Kellogg, Mrs. Stillman
Kentfield, J. B.
Kentfield, Mrs. J. B.
Lamson, Charles E.
Lawrence, Hubbard
Marsh, Henry M.
Marsh, Timothy S.
Montague, Royal M.
Morton, John A.
Morton, Mrs. John A.
Newton, Walter
Nash, John W.
Nash, Mrs. Samuel ^
Newton, William
Newton, Mrs. William
Pasco, Theodore
Pasco, llvs. Theodore
Porter, Edwards J.
Porter, Eleazer
Powers, Alfred
Powers, Mrs. Alfred
Russell, Horace
Russell, Mrs. Horace
Russell, John
Russell, Mrs. John
Russell, Samuel'
Richardson, H. L.
Scott, Mrs. Rufus

Shattuck, Joseph H.
S^hipman, William S,
Smith, Charles
Smith, Charles H.
Smith, George C.
Smith, Mrs. George C.
Smith, Chester
Smith, Mrs. Cotton
Smith, Edmund
Smith, Enos D.
Smith, Mrs. EnosD.
Smith, Erastus
Smith, Francis
Smith, Giles E.
Smith, Jeriah S.
Smith, Hon. Joseph
Smith, Mrs. Joseph
Smith, Oliver E.
Smith, Roswell 2d
Smith, Mrs. Ross'ell 2d
Smith, Thaddeus
Smith, Mrs. Thaddeus
Stockbridge, Levi
Stockbridge, Mrs. Levi
Tower, Samuel
Tuxbury, Rev. Franklin
Tuxbury, Mrs. Franklia
Wallis, Addi
White, David
White, Mose.s
Warner, William P.
West, Parsons
West, Mrs. Parson.s
White, David
White, Moses
Wood, George A.
W^hite, Samuel G.

Williams, Mrs. P. Smith. Wilder, Samuel C— 12G

HARTFORD, Ct.-- Faxon, William. Fuller, Walter— 2

HATFIELD.— Hubbard, George W. Porter, Henry S.— 2

HOLYOKE.— Dickinson, Edward— 1

IOWA.— Strickland, William G. Strickland, Mrs. Wm, G.— 2

KEENE, N. H.— Sprague, Joseph G.— 1

KEY WEST, Fla.— Allen, Benj. W.

LEVEEETT.

Adams, Alden
Ashley, Marvin
Ashley, Mrs. Marvin
Ball, Orus
Ball, Mrs. Orus
Ball, Silas
Bangs, Howard
Boutwell, Levi
Boutwell, Mrs. Levi
Boutwell, Samuel W.
Boutwell, Mrs. S. W.
Clark, William Wells
Cutter, Mrs. Seneca

Dunklee, Hezekiah
Field, Abner
Field, Mrs. Abner
Field, Alden C.
Field, Mrs, Alden C.
Field, Asa L.
Field, Mrs. Asa L.
Field, Charles H.
Field, Mrs. Charles H.
Field, Harrison
Field, Harrison 0.
Field, Mrs. H. 0.
Field, Moses

Field, Mrs. Moses
Field, Zebina
Field, Carrie M.
Fitts, Nathan H.
Graves, Elmer
Gilbert, L. A.
Graves, Kellogg
Hobart, Baxter R.
Hobart, Mrs. Baxter R,
Hobart, Charles D.
Hobart, Colburn
Hobart, Peter
Hobart, Speucer

82

KEPORTS,

Howard, Baxter
Bubbard, George
Hubbard, lloswell
Ingram, Elijah
Ingram,' Elisha
Jones, Edward
Kimball, David
Leach, Chester
Leaclr, Mrs. Cliester
Leach, Humphrey S.
Leach, Mrs. H. S.

LOCKPORT, N. Y.— Sears
LODA, 111.— Hunt, James
LYNN.— Fuller, S. B.— 1

Lock, Ezekicl
Lock. Mrs. Ezekiel
Moore, Dexter
Nutting, liucius
Nutting, Ransom
Porter, Cephas
Putnam, Timothy
Putnam, l^Irs. Timothy
Rice, Josiah
Rice, Mrs. Josiah
Pv,ice, Dr. David
Wo'odhury, Jasoa H, — 73
Simon — 1

1—1

MINNESOTA.

Farrar, Mrs. George H. | Nutting, Truman
MASON VILLAGE, N. H.— Fisher, Rev. George E.— 1
MELROSE, Pa— Guernsey, Mr». Martha— 1
MOUNT PALATINE, 111.— Wright, Abram— 1

MONTAGUE.

Boutwell, "William H.
Paine, Alonzo

Dean, Richard
Eastman, Rev. David

Ford, Mrs. Emily
Harrington. Samuel
Harrington, Mrs. S.
Hawks, Charles K,

Eaker, Hon. Osymn
Barrett Dr. Benjamin,
Chamberlin, Dr. C. N.
Childs, Paris
Clapp, D. M.
Clark, William
Clark, Jr., William
Dickinson, George P,
Fitts, Elijah B.
NORTHFIELD.— Brown,

I Paine, Mrs. Orrin
Russell, Calvin
Spaulding, Jr., Peter — 7

NEW SALEM.

I Eastman, Mrs. David
I Haskins, Nelson

Powers, Mrs. Samuel — 7
NEW YORK CITY.

Nash, Rev. John A.
Nash, Mrs. John A.
Shipman, Jr.. John
Smith, Rev. Prof. H. B.

NORTHAMPTON.

Hinckley, Samuel L.
Hillyer, Winthrop
Kirkland, Harvey
Lewis, Lucius
Parsons, Charles T,
Parsons, Samuel L,
*Shepard, Ashur
Sheoard, Henry
Smith, S. M.
Charles T. Brown, Mns.

OSKOSH, Wis.

Pi.ice, Mrs. David
Strong, Mrs. A. A.
Smead, Mrs. S. S.
Smith, William H.
Smith, Mrs. William H.
Taylor, William
Willis, Lawson S.
Wood, Ira
Wood, Mrs. Ira
Wood, Seth
Woodbury, Mrs. Jasou 11

Nutting, Mrs. Truman — 3

Russell, Mrs. Calvin
Smith, Charles H,

Hunt, Horace
Powers, Samuel

West, Joseph J.
Woodman, Dr. George S.
Woodman, Mrs. G. S.— II

Kellogg, Ansel | Kellogg, William

OTISCO, N. Y.— Clark, Luke M.— 1
OREGON.— Warren. James R

Btrong, Ebenezer
Strong, Elisha
Strong, William
Thayer, Justin
Trumbull, James R.
Trumbull, Mrs. J. R.
* Washburn, Luther I.
Wells, Samuel
Wright, Ansel— 27
Charles T.— 2

Russell, Chaunccy R.— 3

EEPORTS.

S3

PELHAM,

Eaton, Calvin D.
Fales, Abijah
Fales, Daniel
Gates, Asahel
Gray, Horace
Gray, Mrs. Horace
Jewett, Sylvester
Jewett, Mrs. Sylvester
Jones, Eev. John
Kieth, A. C.

Shaw, E. B.

Aldrich, Tyler D.

Ballou, Emory

Boyden, Sanfonl

Bufl'um, Thomas

Chapiri, Philo

Cad well, Aretus J.

Cadwell, Mrs A. J.

Cook, Nathaniel

Cook, Mrs. N.

Cook, Olney

PALMER.— Field, Erastus S. Reed, James

Chapman, Mrs. Mary
PHILADELPHIA, Pa— Arnold, W. A. Wilson, John W.
PITTSFIELD.— Frink, Henry, Frink, Mrs. Henry— 2
PRESCOTT.— Paige, Christopher. Paige, Benjamin K.— 2
PROVIDENCE, R. I.— Leonard, Dexter M.— 1
ROCKFORD, 111.— Bartlett, Mrs. Harvey—
ROSEMOND, 111.— Smith, Brainard, Smith, Mrs. Brainard-
SALEM— Jewett, Rev. George B.— 1
SARATOGA, N. Y.— Crapo, Mrs. Asubah— 1
SHARON, III— Godfrey, William B.— 1
SOUTHAMPTON.— Edwards, Elisha—1

SHUTESBURY.

Newell, Lemuol A.
Newell, Mrs. L, A.
Newell, Miss Mary A.
Rankin, Ansel A.
Rankin, Mrs, Ansel A.
Russell, John
Shaw, Jr., John
Thompson, E. C.
Ward, Joseph G.~29

Stever, Col. Jacob
Montague, Albert— 3

Adams, S. Ward
Bartlett, Moses
Dudley, Samuel F,

Allen, Levi W.
Alvord, Hervey
Bates, Emerson
Clark, Marcellus
Cogswell, Milton B.
Gaylord, Lorenz(»
Judd, Andrew T.
Judd, Edward H.
Judd, Edwim H.
Judd, Watson S.

Bowman, William
Bowman, Mrs. Wm.
Brown, Joshua T.
Brown, Sylvester
Brown, Mrs. Sylvester
Childs, Israel
Childs, Mrs. Israel
Chittenden, L. O.
Chittenden, Mrs, L. O.
Clark, Mrs. Austin L.
Cooley, Charles
Cooley, Mrs. Charles
Cooley George
Crocker, Daniel B.
Crocker, Stougliton D.
Crocker, Mrs. S, D.

Dudley, Mrs. Samuel F.
Fitts, Edward
Howe, Abraham S.

SOUTH HADLEY.

Kellogg, Amos
Lathrop, Paoli
Lathrop, Mrs. Paoli
Lyman, Lorenzo W.
Lyman, Mrs. L W.
Montague, C. Newton
Montague , Elliot
Moody, \lvaa
Moody, Hovey
Nash, Thomas M,

SUNDERLAND.

Crocker, Zaccheus
Darling, B. C.
Darling, Mrs. B. C.
Delano, A, C.
Delano, Mrs. A. C.
Dickinson, E. P.
Dickinson, Mrs. E. P.
Dickinson, Mrs. R.
Dunklee, B. F.
Dunlap, Samuel
Dunlap, Mrs. Samuel
Field, Erastus S.
Gaylord, William
Graves, Alden
Graves, George W.
Graves, Mrs. Hubbard

Newell, Samuel A,
Shores, David — 8

Preston, Joseph S.
Smith, Edward L.
Smith, Gilbert A.
Smith, Mrs. Gilbert A.
Smith, Henry N.
Smith, Jason
Smith, Mrs. Jason
Smith, Philip
Snow, Mrs. Sheldon— 29

Graves, Mrs. Marvin
Graves, Timothy
Graves, Mrs. Timothy
Gunn, Issac S. H.
Hemenway, Mrs. B. C.
Hobart, Albert
Hobart, Mrs. Albert
Hubbard, Alanson
Hubbard, Mrs. A.
Hubbard, Mrs. Ashley
Hubbard, Avery D.
Hubbard, Mrs. A. D,
Hubfcard, Claudius B.
Hubbard, Mrs. C. B.
Hubbard, David
Hubbard, Mrs. D.

84

REPORTS.

Hubbard, Kelita
Hubbard, Martin L.
Hubbard, Mrs. M. L.
Hubbard, Moses 2d
Hubbard, Mrs. M. 2d
Hubbard, Parker D.
Hunt, Melzar
Hunt, William
Hunt, Mrs. William
Hunt, Zebina
Hunt, Mrs, Zebina
Lyman, Hon. Horace
Montague, Jobn
Montague, Mrs. John
Montague, Warren
Montague, Mrs.. W.
Kewton, Lyman A.
Parmenter, Miss Alatbea
Pomeroy, William D.

Prouty, James B.
Pkicbards, Perrin N.
Pvichards, Mrs. P. N.
Robinson, E. E.
Eobinson, Mrs. E. E.
Eobinson, John H.
Rowe, Appleton E.
Rowe, Mrs. A. E.
Russell, Emmons
Russell, Mrs. Emmons
Russell, J. Wiley
Russell, Mrs. J. W.
Russell, William W.
Russell, Mrs. Wm. W.
Sanderson, Eli
Smith, Austin
Smith, Mrs. Austin
Smith, Elihu
Smith, Mrs. Elihu

Williams, Oliver— 106

SPRINGFIELD.

Smith, John M.
Smith, Mrs. John M.
Smith John R.
Smith, Nathaniel
Smith, Mrs. Nathaniel
Smith, Austin N.
Smith, Mrs. A. N.
Taft, Horace W.
Trow, Dr. N. G.
Trow, Mrs. N. G.
Warner, Levi P.
Warner, Mrs. L. P.
Warner, Wallace R.
Whittemore, D.D.
Wiley, Ebenezer
Wiley, Mrs. Ebenezer
William, Franklin H.
Williams, Henry 0.
Williams, Mrs. H. 0.

Briggs, J. L.
Crouch, J. S.
Gunn, Wm. F.

Gunn, Mrs. Wm. F. i Wildes, Ansel F.

Hubbard, Caleb, T. Young, J. J.— 8

Montague, Isaac W. '

TAUNTON.— Sandford, Rev. John. Sandford, Mrs. John— 2
UXBRIDGE.— Fitch, Dr. Newton. Fitch, Mrs. Newton— 2

WARE.

Bowen, Sylvester
Brakenridge, Hon. W. S.
Devens, Arthur L.
Devens, Mrs. A. L.

DeWitt, Francis

G Ibert, George H.

Gilbert, Mrs. G. H.

Phelps, Samuel H.
WENDELL.— Ballard, Daniel. Whittaker, A. G.— 2
WESTBORO.— White, Samuel N. White, Mrs. S. N.— 2
WILLIAMSBURG.— Bartlett, Newman W. Graves, Levi N.— 2
WILMINGTON, Vt.— Smith, Dr. N. W. Smith, Mrs. N. W.— 2
WORCESTER.— Cummings, Rev. E. A.— Cummings, Mrs. E. A.— 2
WHATELY. — Graves, C. A. Ludden, Parmenus
WEbT BROOKFIELD.— Aiken, Eenj. P.

Rice, Joel
Richards.. F. D.
Sage, Orrin
Stevens, Charles A. — 12

RErOKTS.

So

Sninmary of Member^

ITonorHry Members,

Amherst,.

Athol,

Baltimore, Md.,

Beruardston,

Boston

Belchertown,

Brighton,

Cliicago,

Clinton, N. Y.,

Coventry, Vt.,

Coleraine,

Deerfield,

Easthampton,

Enfield,

Erving,

Freedom, Pa.,

Granby,

Granby Ct.,

Grand R,apids, Mich.

Greenfield, N. H.,

Greenwich,

Hadley,

Hartford, Ct.,

Hatfield,

Holyoke, »

Iowa,

Keene, N, H.,

Key West, Fla.,

Leverett,

Lockport, N. Y.,

Loda, 111.,

Mount Palatine,

Total,

12

Montague,

7

394

New Salem,

7

4

New York City,

11

- 2

North.impton,

27

1

Northfield,

2

4

Oshkosh, Wis.,

3

37

Otisco, N. Y.,

1

2

Oregon,

1

9

Pelham,

29

2

Palmer,

5

1

Pittsfield,

2

1

Prescott.

2

8

Providence, R. I.,

1

6

Rockford, 111.,

1

18

Roseraond, 111.,

2

1

Salem,

1

3

Saratoga, N. Y.,

1

35

Sharon, 111.,

1

3

Southampton,

1

2

Sbutesbury,

8

1

South Hadley,

29

3

Sunderland,

106

126

Springfield,

8

2

Taunton,

2

2

Uxbridge,

2

1

Ware.

12

2

Wendell,

2

1

Westboro,

2

1

vWilliamsburg,

2

73

Wilmington, Vt.,

2

1

Worcester,

2

1

Whately,

2

1

West Brookfield.

1

1027

KULES.

All stock and other articles for exbibition must be entered in
the name of the owners.

All horses must be driven for Exhibition as the Examining
Committees may direct.

Milch Cows. Each competitor at the time of entry, will file
with the Secretary a certificate' of the Cow's age and breed ; and
a general statement of quantity and quality of milk and butter in
any given period.

The correct pedigree of pure-bred animals must be given when
the entry is made, in writing.

It is very desirable that specimens of the stock of each Stallion
should be exhibited with the sire.

Competitors for premiums on crops will be furnished with blank
statements by a committee, who will themselves ascertain the
quantity of the crop.

All statements respecting crops for premium must be sent to
the Secretary before November 15th, 1865.

In accordance with the custom of similar societies, only fifty
per cent, of the above premiums will be paid when awarded to
persons not members of the Hampshire Society, but all such are
invited to become members.

Any male person may become a life-member by paying to the
Treasurer the sum of five dollars, and any lady, by the payment
©f one half the amount.

All premiums not called for within -six weeks after the same
are awarded shall be paid into tli^' treasury and be considered as
"orcsented to the Society.

In extraordinary cases Gratuities may be awarded by' Commit-
tees in addition to the above premiums, but the payment of them
will depend upon a vote of the'Executive Committee. Whatever
Books may be presented to the Society for the purpose will be
awarded as gratuities.

N-o animal can receive more than one premium. '^

SEVENTEENTH

ANNUAL EXHIBITION

OF THE

:exjSli^£»3:o:x:fl:e3

AGRICULTURAL SOCIETY,

WILL BE HELD AX

HAMPSHIRE PA.IIK,

AMHERST. MASS.,

t

Tuesday and Wednesday, Sept. 25 and 26, 1866.

^ri^miums aitir Cnmmitttfs,

The Executive Committee of Hampshire Agricultural Society
oiFer the following Premiums to competitors for the Seventeenth
Annual Exhibition,- and have appointed the followi-ng membei^a
of the Society, Committees on the several departments thereof: —

MOWING MACHINES.
For the best Mowing Machine, $10,00

Committee. Levi Adams, Hadley ; 0. Watson, Amherst ; Stillmaa Kellogg,
Hadley.

MECHANIC ARTS.

Eor all articles in this department will be awarded by the

Examining Committee, 30,00

Committee. Samuel D. Cowles, Belchertown ; Horace Gray, Felliam ; E. Stevens
Church, Amherst.

DOMESTIC AND OTHER MANUFACTURES.
For all articles in this department will be awarded by the

Examining Committee, $35,00

Committee. George Burnham, Amherst; Aldpn C. Field, Leverett ; Mrs. W. Con-
key, Amherst; Mrs. Emmons Eussell, Sunderland; Mrs. Enos D.
Smith, Hadley.

FANCY ARTICLES.

For all articles in this department will be awarded by the

Examining Committee, $50,00

Committee. George W. Allen, Amherst ; Wni. Barrows, Amherst ; Mrs. John Jones,
Pelham ; Mrs. George 0. Haiinum, Belchertown; Mrs. S. C. Wilder,
Hadley.

90 PREMIUMS.

aiiecEi^L^ivEotJs.

BREAD.

For the best sample of Wheat Bread, $2,00

For the next best, 1,00

For the next best, 50

For the best sample of Rye Bread, 2,00

For the next best, 1,00

For the next best, 50

For the best sample of Rye and Indian Bread, ^00

For the next best, ' 1,00

For the next best, 50

For the best sample of Graham Bread, 2,00

For the next best, ' » 1,00

For the next best, 50

Committee. Dr. N. G. Trow, Sunderland ; Mrs. J. P. Gray, Amherst ; Mrs. Geerge
Burnham, Amherst; Mrs. Calvin D. Eaton, Pelham ; Mrs. HaTiison 0.
Field, Leverett.

BUTTER.

For the best ten pounds, $4,00

For the nest best, 3,00

For the next best, 2,00

For the next best, 1,00

CHEESE.

For the best forty pounds, . $4,00

For the next best, 3,00

For the next best, 2,00

For the next best, 1,00

Committee. C. N. Webster, Amherst ; Mrs. Stillman Kellogg, Hadley ; Mrs. E. P,
Spear, Amherst; Mrs. Wm. Newton, Hadley ; Mrs. John B. Ward.
» Pelham.

HONEY.
For the best experiment in keeping Bees with the sample

of Honey and written statement, $2,00

For the 'next best, 1,00

WINES, JELLIES, CANNED FRUITS, AND PICKLES.
For all articles in this department will be awarded by the

Examining Committee, $8,00

Committee. Dr. David Pvice, Leverett ; Mrs. F! N. Granger, Hadley; Mrs- James
Crosier, Amherst; Mrs. Rufus Thayer, Belchertown ; Mrs. Ephriam E.
Eobiuson, Sunderland.

PEEinUMS. 91

COLLECTIONS OF FRUITS.

For the best collection of Fruits, regard being bad to

quantity, quality and variety, $5,00

For the next best, 3,00

For the next best, 2,00

For the uext best, • 1,00

APPLES.

•For the best collection ^ raised by the exhibitor, $5,00

For the next best, 3,00

For the next best, ' ~ 2,00

For the next best, . 1,00

For the next best, 50

PEAES.

For the best collection, raised by the exhibitor, $3,00

For the next best, ' 2,00

For the next best, 1,00

Committee. Hon. Levi Stockbridge, Hadley ; Cuminings. Fish, Amberst ; Vm. H.
Smith, Leverett ; Spencer Hobart, Granby ; Levi B. Hall, Belcbertown.

CPANBEPPIES.

For the best sample, 4 quarts, fliOO

For the next best, 60'

QUINCES.

For the best collection, raised by the exhibitor, $2,00

For the next best, 1,00

For the next best, 50

GRAPES.

For the best collection, raised by the exhibitor, $3,00

For the next best, ' 2,00

For the next best, 1,00

Committee. Dr. Frapklin Bonney.'Hadley ; Charles Deuel, Araher.^t; Mrs, Lorea
Beals, Sunderland ; Mrs. Lyman W. lianaum, Bolchertown ; Mrs. Wm.
H. Smith, Leverett,

92

PREMIUMS.

FLOWERS.

For the best collection, regard being bad to number of

species, size and beauty of specimens and arrangement, $5,00

For the next best, 4,00

For the next best, 3,00

For the next best, 2,00

For the next best, * 1,00

For the best collection of Wild Flowers, 1,00

For the best twelve DAHLIAS, regard being had to

variety, 1,00

Committee. Prof. Ricliard H, Mather, Amherst; H. A. Marsh, Amherst; Miss
Cliiirlotte Phelps, Hadley ; Mrs. Prof. Edward Hitchcock, Amherst; Mrs.
Dr. N. G. Trow, Sunderland.

DRIED FRUIT.

For the best sample,
For the next best,
For the next best.

Committee.

$2,00

1,00

50

Pvev. J. Clishe. Amherst ; Mrs. Thomas Buffiim, Pelham ; Mrs. Moses
Hubhard, Sunderland.

GARDEN VEGETABLES.

For the best collection, of not less than ten vai'ieties,

regard being had to quantity, quality and variety, $3,00

For the next best, 2,00

For the next best, • 1,00

Committee. Rev. John Jones, Pelham ; Munroe ThaJ-er, Belchertown ; Elihu Smith,
Sunderland.

SEEDS, GRAINS AND ROOTS.
For the best bushel of Barley,
For the best bushel of Buckwheat,
Carrots,
Corn,
" " " English Turnij)s,

Mangel Wurtzels,
Millet,
Oats,
" " " Onions,

" " *' Parsnips,

$1,00
1,00
1,00
1,00
1,00
1,00
1,00
1,00
1,00
1,00

PREMIUMS

i)!

For the best bushel of Flax Seed, ^ $1,00

'* " Potatoes, 1,00

Eye, 1,00

" " Swedish Turnips, 1,00

Winter Wheat, 1,00

V Spring Wheat, ' 1,00

" ten pounds of Clover Seed, 1,00

" " " Carrot Seed, . ' 1,00

" *' " Timothy Seed, 1,00

" 100 " Winter Squashes, 1,00

" collection, not less than -twelve varieties of

Garden Seeds, 1,00

For the best collection, not less than twelve varieties of

Flower Seeds, 1,00

For the best sample of ears of Seed Corn, 1,00

10 lbs. Broom Brush, 1,00

2 lbs. Hops, 1,00

For the best collection of Fruits, Vegetable Flowers,

Grains and Seeds, from any town or Farmers Club,

1st premium, 5,00

2d " MO

3d " 3,00

Committee. S. C. Wilder, Hadley ; Edmnnd Hobari, Amherst; Asahel, Gates,
Pelham ; Eliot Montague, South Hadley ; Lyman Hannum, Belcher-
town.

TOWN TEAMS.
For the longest string of Cattle of not less than thirty

pairs, $25,00

For the next longest string, of not less than fifteen

pairs, 10,00

For the best string of Cattle, of not less than 10 pairs, 10,00

Committee. John A. Morton, Hadley ; Flavel Gay lord, Amherst ; Tyler D. Aldricb,
Pelham.

WORKING OXEN.

For the best pair, five years old or more,
For the next best,
For the next best.
For the next best,

^5,00
4,00
2,00
1,00

94 PREMIUMS. r.

For the best pair, four years old, 5,00

For the next best, 4,00

For the next best, 2,00

For the next best, 1,00

Committee, Hon. Horace Henderson, Amherst; Asa L, Field, Leverett ; Willard
M. Keilogg, Amherst ; Phineas Bridgman, Belchertown ; Josiah S.
Smith, Hadlej.

TRAINED OXEN AND STEERS.

For the best pair of trained Cattle, $3,00

For the next best, 2,00
For the best pair of trained Steers not more than 2 years

old, to be driven and managed by a boy not more

than 14 years

1st premium, $2,00

2d " 1,00

Committee. Bela U. Dickinson, Amherst ; James Fales, Pelham ; Geo. 0. Haunum
Belchertown.

STEERS.

For the best pair, three years old, $4,00

For the next best, 3,00

For the next best, ■ ■ - 2,00

For the next best, 1,00

For the best pair, two years old, 3,00

For the next best, 2,00

For the next best, 1,00

For the next best, 50

For the best pair, one year old,, 3,00

For the next best, 2,00

For the next best, 1,00

For the next best, 50

Committee. Lorenzo S. Nash, Granby ; Lemuel H. Newell, Pelham ; Howard Bangs,
Leverett ; James A. Baker, Amherst ; Asa Wilson, Belchertown.

MILCH COWS.

For the best pure bred of any breed, $5,00

For the next best, 3,00

For the best grade or native, 4,00

For the next best, 3,00

For the next best, v 2,00

Committee. Hon. Henry French, Chester Smith, Philip D. Spaulding, Amherst;
Sylvester Brown, Sunderland , Enos D. Smith, Hadley.

PREMIUMS. 95

HEIFERS OF LESS THAN THREE YEARS.

For the best pure bred of any breed, $4,00

For the next best, 2,00

For the next best grade or native, 3,00

For the next best, 2,00

For the next best, 1,00

Committee. Luke Sweetser, Amherst ; John Clarke, North Hadley ; Shirley Libby,
Belchertown.

BULLS.

For the best Thoroughbred, - |10,00

For the next best, of any Breed, 8,00

For the next best, . 5,00

For the next best, 3,00

Committee. John M. Smith, Sunderland ; Benj. Adams Hadley; Oren Williams,
Amherst.

CATTLE FOR THE STALL.

For the best pair, f 8,00

For the next best, 5,00

For the next best, ' 3,00

For the next best, 1,00

FAT^CATTLE. v

For the best pair, _ • $8,00

For the next best, 6,00

Committee. Gen. Parsbns "West, Hadley ; Ansel C. Marshall, Amherst ; Lorenzo W.

Lyman, South Hadley ; Thaddeus Smith, Hadley; Thomas Buffum,
Pelham.

CALVES.

For the best herd, not less than five, ^5,00

For the next best, ^ S,00

For the best pair of Steers, 2,00

For the next best, 1,00

For the best Bull Calf, . 3,00

For the next best, 1,00

For the best Heifer Calf, 2,00

For the next best, 1,00

Committee. Simon F. Comins, Hadley ; John C. White, Amherst ; John 0, Aschraft,
Hadley.

S|6 PEEMIUMS,

SWINE.

For the best Boar, ' $4,00

For the next best, . 3,00

For the next best, 1,00

For the best Sow with Pigs, 4,00

For the next best, • 3,00

For the next best, 1,00

For the best weaned pigs not less than 4 months old, 3,00

For the next best, 2,00
Committee. E. P. Cutler, Olney Gaylord, Amherst ; E. P. Dickinson, Sunderland.

POULTRY.

For the best Cock and six Hens, $2,00

For the next best, IjOO

For the next best, 50

For the best pair of Turkeys, 2,00

For the next best, . 1,00

For the next best, 50

For the largest number of Domestic Fowls, 3,00

Committee. Willard Kellogg, Amherst ; Willie Crocker, Sunderland; Geo. Jones,
Pelham ; Willie Kingman, Amherst ; Charles Adams, Iladley ; Morton
Thayer, Belchertown ; Charles M. Field, Leverelt.

SHEEP.

For-the best Buck, .• $4,00

For the next best, 3,00

For the next best, 2,00

For the best lot Ewes, not less than six, 5,00

For the next best, 3,00

For the best lot Lambs, not less than 6, 3,00

For the next best, 2,00

For the next best, 1,00

Committee. N. Austin Smith, Sunderland; Sylvester Jewett, Pelham; Cephas
Porter, Leverett.

MISCELLANEOUS STOCK.
Premiums will be awarded on Miscellaneous Stock to the

amount of $12,00

Clqr^.w,itlee. Col. Samuel F. Dudley, Shutesbury ; E. D. Hubbard, Amherst; Horaca
Russell, Hadley,

BEPORTS.

STALLIONS.

For the best Stallion, • $10,00

For the next best, 8,00

For the next best, 6,00

CMrunittee. Wm. W. Russell; Sunderland ; Joseph F. Gray, Amherst , John W.
Nash, Hadley.

BREEDING MARES WITH SUCKING COLTS. •

For the best Breeding Mare, $5,00

For the next best, ^ 4,00

For the next best, • 8,00

For the next best, ^ 2,00

For the next best, 1,00

Pommittee. Harrison Field, Leverett ; Edward Boltwood, Amherst ; Geo. B. Smith,
Hadley; Ebenezer Wiley, Sunderland ; Wm. Thayer, Belchertown.

COLTS AND FILLIES.

For the best three year old Stallion, $5,00

For the best three year old Gelding or Filly, 4,00

For the next best Colt or Filly, 3,00

For the next best, . 2,00

For the best two year Colt or Filly, 3,00.

For the next best, 2,00

For the next best, 1,00

For the best yearling Colt or Filly, 3,00

For the next best, 2,00

For the next best, 1,00

Committee. Guy C. Munsell, S. R. Crosby, Amherst ; Bradford M, Field, Leverett.

FARM HORSES.

For the best pair of Farm Horses, $8,00

For the next best, 5,00

For the next best, 3,00

For the best pair of Mule.«i, 5,00

98 PREMIUMS.

SINGLE FAEM HORSES.

For the best Single Farm Horse, $5,00

For the next best, 4,00

For the next best, 3,00

Committee. Hiukley Thayer, Haijley ; HarrisoQ laaram, Cliarles R. Dickiason,
Amherst; L. V. B. Cook, Belchertown ; Joseph G. Ward, Pelham.

CAREIAGE HORSES.

For the best pair of Carriarge Horses, 8,00

For the next best, 5,00

For the next best, .■ 3,00

For the best Single Carriage Horse, 6,00

For the next best, 5,00

For the next best, 4,00

For the next best, 3,00

For the next best, 2,00

For the next best, 1,00

Committee. Prof. W. S. Clarke, Hon. Edward Dickinson, Amherst ; Daniel Field,
Leverett; L. N. Granger, Hadley ; Alden Green, Sunderland.

ROADSTERS.

For the best Roadster to wagon, . . $10,00

For the next best, 6,00

For the next best, 5,00

Committee. C. F. Woods, Enfield; Alvin J. Johnson, Sunderland ; Edward P.

Hibbard, Hadley; Avery R. Cushman, Amherst ; Calvin D. Eaton,
Pelham.

EQUESTRIANISM.

For the best display of skill in riding and managing a

Horse by a Lady, $5,00

For the next best, ,' 3,00

For the next best, 1,00

CoiAmUtee. J. R. Cushman, Joel Packard, Wm. Conkey.

PREMIUMS. 99

TRIAL hF SPEED.

One Huncli-ed Dollars will be given in Premiums in this Depart-
ment.

j^^

REPORTS.

Fertile best Report oftlie Chairman of any Examining
Committee, upon the Exhibition assigned him, said
Report to be published in the Transactions of the
Society, . $10,00

For the next best, ' 5,0()

COMMITTEE ON REPORTS AND CROPS.

Vomiititiee, Austin Eastuan, E. F. Cook. 0. Watson, Rev. John Jones, Charles H.
Field, Leyi P. W^irner, L. V. B. Cook, Royal M. Montague, M. N;
bpear.

EXPERIMENTS.

For the most thorough and reliable experiment on the
appiication of manures, entries to which were made
previous to June 15th, 1866 and premium to be
paid in November, 1869.
1st premium, $25,00

2d premium, 15,00

In addition to the above offers, the Massachusetts
Society for the Promotion of Agriculture will pay
three premiums of $100,00 each for the same
experiments.
Persons desirous of competing for these premiums must
enter their names upon the Secretary's book
previous to June 30, 1866, and obtain from him
printed directions respecting the manner of per=
forming the experiments.

100 PREMIUMS.

PASTURE LANDS.

For the best experiments in reclaiming or improving
worn out lands so as to increase their value for
pasturage, commencing in 1866, and continuing
three years, entries to be made before June 15, '66, $10,00

For the next best, 6,00

UNDER-DRAINING LANDS.

For the best conducting experiment in thorough drain-
age, by means of covered drains of tile or stone,
upon not less than one acre, with not less than
forty rods of drain to the acre, $20,00

Entries for the above experiment must be made with
the Secretary on or before August 1,1866, and the
premium will be paid in November, 1867. The
competitors must give a written statement of the
character of the soil and subsoil, the method and
expense of drainage, and the effect upon the crop
of 1867.

CROPS.

For the best conducted experiments in raising Indian
Corn, Broom Corn, Wheat, Rye, Oats, Barley,
Onions, Potatoes, Carrots, Mangle Wurtzel, and
Winter Squashes. Entries to be made with the
Secretary, on or before July 1, 1866.
1st premium, Solon Robinson's Agriculture

2d premium, $3,00

CRANBERRIES.

For the best conducted experiment in raising cran-
berries on not less than ten rods of laud, with
written statement.
1st premium, $5,00

2d premium, 3,00

f'REMUJMiJ 101

A ltl$ol^Io^Jl:^Tt7 KJij.

FOREST TEEES. ^

Tor the best plantation of not less than five hundred
oak or other forest trees, suitable for ship timber,
planted by the competitor.
1st premium, $10,00

2d premium, Harris on Insects.

ORCHARDS.

For the best orchard of not less than thirty apple or
pear trees in one lot, regard being had to their
form, vigor and variety.
1st premium, $3,00

2d premium, 2,00

PEAR TREES.

For the best thirty pear trees set out during the year

1866, and in good condition, Sept. 15, 1867.
1st premium, $3,00

2d premium, 2,03

APPLE TREES. *

•»
For the best thirty apple trees set out in 1866, aud in

good condition Sept. 1st, 18G7.
1st premium, $3,00

2d premium, 2,00

PEACH TREES.

For the best thirty peach trees set out duriiig tlie spring

of 1800, and in good condition, Sept. 1, 1867.
1st premium, • $5 00

2d premium, 3.00

#

1U2 PRExMIUlIS.

GRAPE CULTURE.

For the best experiment in growing grapes, on not less
than i of an aero of ground, entries to be made
on or before July 15, 18GG. Premiums awarded in
18(37. Statements to be made in writing of the
soil, manner of planting, and crop of 18G7.
1st premium^ $10,00

2d premium. 5,00

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