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Ly 4 na ve ’ ‘ ; ne ? : 3 - =, ES Sire ert DecE ON nee pi ded tee et al tel See ad ote er ee eee eae et er Saeat sett teed aoe King aN! foeshpelehee tected, cee Oe Ee tly Lali fuch other faper- I Rites, tothe difhonour of GOD, cémempt of crue Religie, nd foltering of great erroor a the people; And. ule be pei Becta as Moles Aa. ee Paks: Fi jae L asmany Acts of Parlament are conceived, for etnies n sol st f eof GODS tru ia eof 090 ehberes 28 abe ahereat in Dosing and Saccaricors of Sons whatfecvers 50 (ball bee taken at deme tem And thet Wee atts gi or withdrawn, by mbatfiever feyall Conjunction: Nov foal taht tn 7 fal in gtncrall , amd to every one of a im the forefaid crue Religion, and (for. in the matters of tbe wor- we plainly perceive, and undoubkly ines andl He Wit = f e zi of th forded orev and 2 ara be dome 10 the les sear indirtitly [affer our [elves v0 bee devided allarcencat, ex vcrvonr fram this bleffed and any Lat or Impediment, that may fig or bie. Se ee etsy commen cenjnsjosl be found va condace for [2 fon Yad by all lamfoll meant: leben 12 rl i as he comtrari¢, othat the 6. Ad. Parl, 1. » 1979. declares the Mi- W B Neither do we fear the foule elie our adverfaries from their cr we do is fo well warranted, and BS Pitot Chait cis within ds Realms nd clas within this Realms,and = tontarchet ie who che i esti Word oft ey 2 ase so ion. of Faith prot Profefsion and Subl - Gop tye fread alfo inch: firt Parlamenc of Kénr p-cth Chriftians, who have renew prefent Parlament, more particularly doe (pecific, ition of the holy Sacramencs, as they were then minitt che Gid Kirk within this Realme,and cruc Religion pre- they keep themielyes fo divided from the focietic of Ib eo abet 69. Parl. 6. of King James 6. declares » pee of Kirk, nor other fice of Religion, then was prefent- ut of God cftablifhed within this Realme, which th Relieves, Chrifts trac Religlon, the trae and Chrijtlam Re- Woich, by manifold Ads of parlamene, all swithio profeile to the Articles thereof, she Con. doéteine and errours repugnant ro any of the faid Marl, 1. dhe 455 45, 47 Parl. 3. Aad, 71, TH Be Parl. 11. 193. Park £3. det. 194- and 197 fixth, Abdall Magiftrates; Shirefs, or. on the one by a? , and punith all Contraviners For for the common cannot look for a bi ; te ‘of in publick, : amples ro others of all G: cvery. may, be obferved without violation our Hearts, co witnelle, under the paine nour and refpect en us by his he = with a happic Land, ro the gl of us all. Ia premilfes, ft See page 111. + and if any fch dangeroue and div ihe wry dae of vt foall cxther [appreffe it, er (if net be) ted, foal incontinent make the fame knowne faithtully promife, for our felves» in our particular familics, and Keep our {elves within the bounds of Chriftian libertic, odlinetfe, Sobernefle, and R duerie we owe to @OD and Ma who knoweth this to’be our fained Refolurion, as wee fhall anfwererto Js of GODS everlaiting wrathy 2 in rhi¢ World, Mott hambly befeeching the 1 i¢ for this end :. znd co , thar Religion and Righroo iD, the honour of our King, hereof we have fubleribed wi motion bee made v0 m, by har it may ee Umeonfy ebvsate fons of rebellion, combination, or what ft and malice wgyld put & a, what ariferh from in loos cee nya bts the true worthip of GOD, the Majeftic of our King, eden the Kingdome, pinefle of our felves, and che pol feritic. And becaufe we soe! trom GOD upon pS except with our wee } ine fach a lite and converfation, asbefeem- their Covenant with GOD, We, therefore, our followers, and all ocher under us, both fonall carriage, to endeavourto and to be good ex- ighteoufneflc, and of ‘2, and that this oar Union and Conjunction GOD, the Searcher of incere Defire, and ane sus Cwarer, in thegrestday,and ind of infamie, and loffe of all bo. to firength blefle our defires and proceedings agile may” fourith in she and peace ar ch our hands all the » wee call the livi > & % 4 Het / oe ali f, 2 Second sheet. NATIONAL COVENANT, 1638. A unique, printed example from Cardoness. DUMFRIESSHIRE. AND GALLOWAY NATURAL HISTORY & ANTIQUARIAN SOCIETY FOUNDED 20th NOVEMBER, 1862. PRANSAC TIONS Pee RNAL OF PROCEEDINGS 1913-14. THIRD SERIES, VOLUME II. EDITOR: GW. oi REE Y. DUMFRIES: Published by the Council of the Society. 1914, Se f fi ; Let) nn i ‘ i 7 , et pty ‘ i a, vag Ly | . a ' 0 14 f ; pny | 4 } Sai < i = Danni eH Re RAT 3 ; ; * j t aM | iv 'y ; ' 1 4 i fen ; i I s nite j f : i 7 i f y : h . i a : 4 tx By BaDpy Office-Bearers, 1913-14. oe —_-_ -—- President. HucH 8. Guapstonr of Capenoch, Thornhill, Dumfriesshire, F.R.S.E., F.Z.S., M.B.0.U., F.S.A.(Scot.). Hon. Vice-Presidents. Wri1i1am Dickie, Merlewood, Maxwelltown. G. F. Scorr Extiot, F.R.G.S., F.L.S., Drumwhill, Mossdale. James Lennox, F'.S.A.(Scot.), Eden Bank, Maxwelltown. Dr J. W. Martin, Charterhall, Newbridge, Dumfries. Dr J. Maxwett Ross, Duntrune, Maxwelltown. Joun RutuHerrorDd of Jardington, Dumfries. Vice-Presidents. S. Arnott, F.R.H.S., Sunnymead, Maxwelltown. James Davinson, F.I.C., F.S.A.(Scot.), Summerville, Maxwelltown. T. A. Hatuipay, Parkhurst, Edinburgh Road. J.S. Tuomson, Provost of Dumfries. Hon. Secretary and Editor of Transactions. G. W. SHiriey, Ewart Public Library, Dumfries. Hon. Treasurer. M. H. M‘Kerrrow, 43 Buccleuch Street, Dumfries. Hon. Librarian and Curator of Museum. G. W. Suirtry, Ewart Public Library, Dumfries. Hon. Departmental Curators. Antiquities—W. Murray, West View, Maxwelltown. Coins and Tokens—James Davipson, Summerville, Maxwelltown. Natural History—Dr J. W. Martin, Charterhall. Geology—Rosert Watiace, Durham Villa. Herbarium—Miss Hannay, Langlands, and Dr W. Sempre, Mile Ash. Hon. Secretary Photographic Section. W. A. Macxinnett, The Shieling, Maxwelltown. Members of Council. The President; Vice-Presidents ; Secretary; Treasurer; Librarian; Departmental Curators; Secretary of Photographic Section ; and Miss M. Cartyte ArrKen, Miss A. Murpnir, Messrs A. D. DryspaLE, THomas Henprerson, D. Manson, J. P. Mimriean, G. Macrnop Stewart, and A. WEATHERSTON, vi ip 4 ve pias ene | ' " y j jie i : i i we t A ‘ a 5 ‘ . f, = , 7 wa . - ay | : } Yea ae uy it i ’ . : 4 CONTENTS. Abstract of Accounts Annual Meeting Armistead, W. H. Birds that are Land and Water Feeders ... Arnott, 8S. Plant Superstitions Elliot, G. F. Scott. Primitive Man Exchanges Exhibits Field Meeting— Leadhills and Enterkin Pass Fraser, James. Some Galloway Plants ... Gladstone, H. S. Presidential Address—Addenda to the Statistical Account of Scotland by Robert Riddell of Glen- riddell Hamilton-Grierson, Sir Philip J. The Protocol Book (1541-1550) of Herbert Anderson, Notary in Dumfries ... Hewison, Rev. J. King. The Literary Histories of the Crosses at Ruthwell and Bewcastle Irving, J. Bell. List of Armorial Bearings Noted in Dumfries- shire and Adjacent Counties: Part II. Lebour, Nona. White Quartz Pebbles and their Archeological Significance Macdonald, J. C. R. Notes on the Titles of Cowhill Tower, in the Parish of Holywood pt be ape M‘Gowan, Bertram. A List of the Coleoptera of the Solway District: Part II. Members, List, Revised to 15th June, 1914 Neilson, Dr George. Dumfries: Its Burghal Origin ... Office-Bearers Presentations Robison, J. Further Excavations at the King’s Castle, Kirkeudbright 176 ll 35 ~ 959 116 6 CONTENTS. PAGER Rutherford, J. Astronomical Notes for 1913 ... oe =. alo — Weather and other Notes taken at Jardington during 1913 144 Shirley, G. W. The Raid at Dumfries on Lammas Even, 1508 78 — A Unique Example of the National Covenant of 1638 ... 111 Wallace, Robert. The Geology of Lochrutton, with Special Reference to Water Supply ... he os ae {Saale Watt, Andrew. Rainfall Records for the Southern Counties for the Year 1913 as Nae ae ae tee eee oe ILLUSTRATIONS. Unique Example of the National Covenant of 1638 Frontispiece Royal Castle at Kirkeudbright, Plan... Aer ae me AO) EDITORIAL NOTE. The Editor again acknowledges his indebtedness to Miss Harkness for the careful typing of the Index, and thanks the Editor of the Dumfries and Galloway Standard for permission to reprint Dr Neilson’s article, *‘ Dumfries: Its Burghal Origin,’’ and the report of the Field Meeting. It must be understood that as each contributor has seen a vroof of his paper, the Editor does not hold himself respon- sible for the accuracy of the scientific, personal, or place names, or for the dates that are given therein. | Where possible, errors have been corrected in the Index. Members working on local Natural History and Archzo- logical subjects should communicate with the Honorary Secretary. Papers may be submitted at any time. Preference is always given to original work on local subjects. Enquiries regarding purchase of Transactions and pay- ment of subscriptions should be made to the Honorary Treasurer, Mr M. H. M'‘Kerrow, 43 Buccleuch Street, Dumfries. Exchanges, Presentations, and Exhibits should be sent to the Honorary Secretary, Ewart Public Library, Dumfries. G. W. 5S: PROCEEDINGS AND TRANSACTIONS OF THE Dumfriesshire and Galloway Natural History & Antiquarian Society. SESSION 1913-1914. 17th October, 1913. Annual Meeting. Chairman—H. S. GLapstonge, M.A., F.Z.S., F.R.S.E., F.S.A.(Scot.), President. The Office-Bearers and Members of Council for the Session were appointed (see p. 3). The Secretary and Treasurer submitted their reports, which were approved. The former showed: that there were 15 life, 10 honorary, 14 corresponding, and 405 ordinary members, that 14 indoor and 1 field meeting had been held. Presentations had been more numerous and important than usual. The Society exchanged Transactions with 56 kindred associations. The Library continued to increase, mainly in Transactions, but five volumes were purchased last year. The Museum showed little change. Mr James Davidson was naming and arranging the collection of minerals, and Mr Robert Wallace had increased the collection of fossils, par- ticularly the graptolites of the district. Although some presentations had been made for the Herbarium, they had not been arranged in the collection. The President referred to the death of Mr J. F. Cormack, Lockerbie, who joined the Society in 1893, and had taken 10 ANNUAL MEETING. much interest in its work, being one of its Vice-Presidents at the time of his death. Presidential Address. By Hucu S. Grapstone of Capenoch, M.Ac, F.R-Soe IRV Z.S.,0.S-AAScot.)- Addenda to the Statistical Account of Scotland by Robert Riddell of Glenriddell. [This paper, with valuable additions, comprising a Life of Riddell, a Bibliography of his Works, printed and in manuscript, and a Genealogy of the Family of Riddell, has been issued by the Society as a separate publication, pur- chasable by the public and, at a reduced price, by the members of the Society. This departure from custom was taken by the Council out of necessity. The printers inti- mated that they could not again print the Transactions at the former estimate, which had been given as recently as December, 1912, when their prices had been considerably raised. On taking fresh estimates the Council found itself faced with an increase in the cost of printing of over 7o per cent. The cause of the increase was not hidden. The master printers of the south of Scotland had found them- selves compelled to join the ring which, gradually extending its circumference, finally by this move obtained almost com- plete control of the printing industry of Great Britain. In justice to our own printers it must be explained that the magnitude of the increase is due to the very low prices that prevailed for many years in the district and by which the Society was able to obtain its printing at prices actually con- siderably below cost. In consequence of this extension of the Master Printers’ Federation, it was found impossible to obtain cheaper prices elsewhere, and the only procedure pos- sible to the Council was the sacrifice of some of the Society’s work. No action with regard to the subscription could be taken until the Annual Meeting of 1914-15. In these circumstances the Council welcomed the offer of the President to guarantee any loss if it would issue his paper as an entirely separate publication. : Crosses At RUTHWELL AND BEWCASTLE. 11 Members interested in this valuable account of Robert Riddell, of his family, and of the many curious notes with which he annotated the first six volumes of The Statistical Account of Scotland may obtain it, by the generosity of the President, at a special rate from the Secretary. | sist October, 1913. Chairman—Mr S. Arnott, F.R.H.S., V.-P. The Literary Histories of the Crosses at Ruthwell and Bewcastle. By the Rev. J. Kinc Hewson, M.A., D.D., F.S.A.(Scot.). [Dr Hewison dealt in an illuminative manner with the sculpture, runes, symbols, and art of the Crosses, and showed many fine lantern slides. His work, The Runic Roods o! Ruthwell and Bewcastle, with a Short History of the Cross and Crucifix in Scotland (Glasgow, 1914), subsequently pub- lished, covers fully the subject of his lecture, and precludes the insertion of a lengthier notice here. | 14th November, 1913. Chairman—Mr James S. THomson, Provost of Dumfries, Vers. The Geology of Lochrutton, with Special Reference to Water Supply. By Ropert WALLACE. A careful study of the topography of that portion of the Galloway uplands which stretches from the Nith to the Dee clearly. shows that there have been many changes in the drainage system of that area. There is ample evidence to prove that the arrangement of valleys at present existing is a product of evolution, and represents the outcome of a continuous and a prolonged denudation. 12 THE GEOLOGY OF LOCHRUTTON. The present watersheds have undergone a persistent progression in the course of several geological ages, and consequently many of the lochs are of quite recent origin and rivers are now running in directions altogether different from that of their original courses. Any addition to our knowledge of the pre-glacial river system of South Scotland will be of considerable value—commercially and economically —to the district embraced. In this paper, however, we are concerned only with that district occupied by Lochrutton and its drainage area. A comprehensive view of the history of the physiographical conditions of this region from the Pliocene Age to the present day will give a clearer conception of the changes involved in the formation of the Loch, and a true appreciation of the natural forces at work accumulating and excavating. This will considerably simplify the problem of obtaining a per- manent supply of pure water from this natural reservoir for the needs of Dumfries and Maxwelltown. Unfortunately, there has been no detailed geological investigation of the district. The Memoir of the Geological Survey (published 1877) simply states that this Loch rests partly on rock and partly on glacial drift. PHYSICAL FEATURES. The Loch, which is at present about 139 acres in extent, is situated in a large hollow running approximately north and south. On the eastern side the Hill’s Hill, Barlae, and other heights form a long ridge rising 300 feet higher than the Loch. This high ground acts as a leading watershed. The streams on the eastern slopes drain either into the Nith or into the Urr below Dalbeattie. West of Lochrutton, the Barnbachle Hill, at an altitude of 604 feet, acts as the water- shedding area between it and the Milton. To the north of the Loch the valley gradually opens out, and is merged into a larger valley drained by the Bogrie Burn, and trending east and west. At the southern or upper end of the Loch there is, first of all, an old moss (Merkland), hemmed in by Steep sides, and after that the remnant of a V-shaped valley extending in a westerly direction to the valley head THE GEOLOGY OF LOCHRUTTON. 13 at Riggfoot. This upper valley is traversed by a small stream, Under-the-Brae Lane, which lower down is named Merkland Burn, from the moss through which it discharges into the Loch. The outlet, which is known as the Lade, as it emerges from the Loch runs north between the Moat Farm on the left and Shealinghill on the right. It flows rapidly along a rocky bed past an old meal mill, and, lower down, a sawmill, until it encounters in front of the waterworks a series of flat hollows. These alluvial flats extend along its course until it unites with the Bogrie Burn, the united waters being known as the Glen Burn. The high water leval of the Loch is 305 feet above sea level. The leading features of the landscape are large expanses of marshy flats along the upper shore and long winding ridges on the western flank. GEOLOGICAL FEATURES. The underlying rock is of a uniform nature throughout the whole district, and consists of bands of hard greywacke and occasional bands of hard shale. This strata is near the base of the Silurian formation, and may be classed as of the same age as the Gala rocks of South Scotland or the Tarannons of Wales. Owing to a tremendous lateral pres- sure, the rock has been thrown up into innumerable folds, with the result that the strata in this district are generally vertical and sometimes inverted. The folds are arranged in a series of arches varying from a few feet to miles. The domes of the arches are continually being removed by denudation, laying bare the upturned edges of these old rocks in such a way that bands of hard greywacke and softer shale are arranged side by side on the rock surface of the present age. The long axes of these folds lie from north-east to south-west, and the result of a prolonged course of weathering has been to wear out the softer shales into hollows, leaving the hard bands protruding. This gives a wrinkled or corduroy appearance to the landscape. Pro- bably the finest exhibition of this form of weathering, which is common to the whole tableland, can be seen in these rocky knolls running from Easthill and Tregallon to the Glen Burn. The strike of the rock here is almost east and west, con- 14 Tue GEOLOGY oF LOCHRUTTON. sequently these parallel ridges with their intervening hollows follow the same direction. When it is remembered that all the older streams and principal lochs have also an east and west trend, then we will at once see the powerful effect that the arrangement of the strata and its subsequent weathering. have had upon the original drainage system of the area. The Glen Burn gives an excellent illustration of the. way in which a running stream pierces the rocks and shales. The course of the stream differs by a few degrees from the direction of the strike. The burn has excavated the shales for a few yards, and then crossed the hard greywacke at right angles until it encounters the next strike of shales. The result is an east and west drainage with occasional Zig-Zags. . The form of the surface has since been greatly modified by the powerful effect of glaciers during the Ice Age. In some places the old land surface has been wholly changed. Great quantities of decayed rock rubbish have been removed, laying bare the unweathered surface. In other districts the retreating glaciers have deposited large accumu- lations of glacial drift. These deposits of the Glacial Age are distributed throughout the district in an interesting manner, and have a strange diversity of form and height, according to the conditions and size of the glaciers. A general survey of the Loch will show at a glance that its formation is geologically of very recent date, and also that any change since effected, either in the way of accumulation or removal, is clearly defined and can be easily measured. Before dealing with the method of loch formation and its subsequent history of change, we must consider carefully the physiographical conditions that existed on that spot immediately before the Loch was formed. It is only by such means that a true estimate can be formed of the original contour of the lake floor and the amount of altera- tion since effected. AGE. Both the lake and the alluvial flats which originally THE GEOLOGY or LOCHRUTTON. 15 belonged to it rest directly upon glacial mounds. The Lade, which is the Loch’s outlet, is steadily removing the glacial boulder clay lying in its path. These two facts, along with others which will be considered in detail, prove conclusively that the Loch was originated at the close of the Ice Age. ~PRE-GLACIAL CONTOUR. There has been considerable controversy among’ glacio- logists regarding the actual amount of work accomplished by glacial agency. Without advocating any extreme theory, it must be evident to an impartial mind that there will still be found some remnants of the hills and valleys that existed previous to glaciation. No amount of ice-work could remove all the evidence of the contour of the old land surface. An easy theory by which the Loch may be accounted for is that it existed in pre-glacial times, but underwent modification by the ice. This view would seem to derive support from the fact that a barrier of rock stretches across the outlet and through the village. From that it might be argued that there was a pre-glacial hollow surrounded by a rock rim, forming a true rock basin. Such a basin would have been formed by the removal of a patch of softer rock, or by a fault or dislocation of the strata, but there is no indication of either of these having taken place. On the other hand, the arrangement of the glacial drift points to a free passage for the ice flow, incompatible with the idea of a rock basin. There is also an entire absence of those peculiarly-shaped hummocks generally found in enclosed areas where the ice has been hampered in its progress. RIVER RuTTon. The alternative theory to a rock basin is that of a river valley. While the former has no evidence to support it, the latter has all the facts necessary in full detail. From the watershed at Riggfoot down to the Merkland there is still a very large remnant of an old valley. The form is V-shaped, with a flat bottom. The sides are steep and slightly concave. It is a pre-glacial valley beyond dispute. Its steep sides show that it had not fallen into disuetude, 16 THE GEOLOGY OF LOCHRUTTON. but was actively discharging a river just previous to the advent of the ice. The depth of the valley and the ex- tremely hard nature of the rock bespeak a medium-sized stream with great erosive power exercised during a long period of time. Such a stream could not be contained in a small basin by evaporation alone, but would necessitate an outlet broader and deeper than this valley. A comparison with other pre-glacial river valleys proves that the great amount of erosion required to excavate this deep valley could only have been accomplished by a large stream otf long standing and an uninterrupted fall to the sea. The only spot in the whole district where such a large rock valley can be found is situated underneath the Moat Farm. Along both sides of this buried valley the old land surface of rock dips rapidly towards a common centre. Behind the Barr farmhouse the upper part of the western side of the valley is just visible in scattered exposures piercing the turf. On the eastern side, from the foot of the Loch to the water- works, the dip of the Shealinghill rock surface is more pro- nounced, and possibly the angle of inclination is greater. The intervening portion has been filled in by accumulations of morainic debris during the flow of the glacier along the pre-existing valley. - I have found other buried valleys in southern Scotland ; some afford even less evidence than the above on which to pesit their pre-glacial origin, and yet it is held to be con- clusive. In the case of Lochrutton a consideration of the details that are available place the matter beyond contro- versy. 1. There are no rock exposures on the drums of the Moat lands along the path of the buried valley, although they are most conspicuous features on the other ridges of the area. 2. A close examination of the western shore of the Loch reveals no trace of rock, but it is predominant on the eastern flank and at the upper and lower ends. . 3- The lowest point available, 7.e., the mouth of the buried channel, stretching from the waterworks to the Barr, has no rock in situ. THE GEoLocy oF LocHRuUTTON. 17 4. An interesting exposure in the channel of the Lade opposite the cottage of Old Mill shows the old rock surface dipping underneath the boulder clay of the Moat. The dip shelf upon which the Lade is resting affords in itself sufficient evidence to prove a rapid descent in the old contour. 5. A prominent band of rock stretches across the foot of the Loch and through the village, giving a conspicuous exposure on the road. When sinking a well at the School- house, a few yards south of this outcrop, the rock surface was found to be 15 feet lower, which gives a very rapid dip into the valley. 6. In 1850 the old chart gave the greatest depth, 52 ft. 6 in., at a point in the Loch between Dutton’s Cairn and the western bank. PRE-GLACIAL VALLEY. It is remarkable that the direction of the old river channel agrees with the general trend of the valley system of these uplands. Evidently the direction of the strike has been a leading factor in determinating the course of the streams. The irregularity of the anticlinal folds would, however, occasion sharp departures from the normal course. In the upper valley (Merkland) the direction was easterly, agreeing with the strike obtaining in that locality; about Auchenfranco the valley swung a little to the left, and the Rutton river flowed due north, and was discharged into the lower and larger Bogrie valley. The upper Merkland and the lower Bogrie agree with the direction of the strike. The middle portion now occupied by the Loch and the Moat was a transverse valley, like the Urr valley further west. A striking similarity is to be found in the Cairn and its tribu- taries, the Auld Water and Glen Burn. The Glen Burn flows north-west along the line of strike until it enters the Auld Water, which runs at right angles in a transverse direction. At the village of Shawhead the Auld Water turns at right angles to the left, and flows along the strike through the Dalquhairn gorge into the Cairn. The transverse (south- east) direction is then resumed for several miles by the valley of lower Cairn. 18 Tur GEoLocy OF LOCHRUTTON. Ice AGE. The Phocene ‘Age, with its deep river valleys, quiet sluggish streams, and genial climate, gradually gave place to a new order of things, which was of the utmost import- ance to the formation of the Loch. A period of extreme cold (Pleistocene Age) set in, until Arctic conditions ulti- mately prevailed. Large snowfields were formed in the higher regions, and these gave rise to a system of ice rivers moving slowly down to the plains below. The elevated tract around the Merrick and the Kells acted as a large gathering area for the accumulations of snow, and from that centre the glaciers moved to lower levels. During the period of extreme glaciation, when the snowfall was at its maximum, the ice sheet travelled over the Lochrutton area from west to east. The rocks are scratched and grooved in the direction of the glacial flow. These striated rock- surfaces are found on the hill to the east of Riggfoot, at Barlae Hill further north, and at Beltonhill in the Bogrie valley. Towards the close of the Ice Age, when the glaciers were confined chiefly to the valleys, the direction of their flow conformed generally to the valley turnings. = GLACIATION. The Loch problem has been influenced by its glaciation in two distinct ways :— 1. The eroding character of the Ice flow as it removed all the decayed rock rubbish of the preceding ages, leaving bare a finely polished rock surface. The accumulation of this rock debris in the form of moraines, either underneath the glacier or along the decay- ing front of the retreating ice. The ice erosion would naturally be more powerful in the upper Merkland valley and the lower Bogrie basin, on account of their direction being the same as that of the ice movement—eastward. Large quantities of moraine heaps have been left in this lower basin, and so obscure the shape of the old hollow, but the Merkland valley has been severely glaciated, especially at its upper end. Between Loaninghead »T. THE GrEoLoGy or LocuRutTTon. 19 and the. Merkland Bridge prominent rocky ridges running parallel with the valley have been rounded, polished, and left almost bare. The softer shales between the hard bands have been hollowed out, leaving puzzling depressions with- out any apparent cause. The whole eastern shore of the Loch has suffered from ice abrasion. Rocky ribs run into the Loch without any covering of glacial drift. The band of hard rock now running through the village was polished by Nature’s chisel before roadmaking dawned upon the untutored mind of paleolithic man as he watched the slow retreat of the valley glacier. MORAINES. The distribution and arrangement of these large masses of rock rubbish play a very important part in the conditions which were inaugurated at the close of the Ice Age. The material deposited by the ice was arranged in various forms according to the position it occupied in the moving glacier. The moraine heaps in this district have one feature in common. They consist of rounded ridges of boulder clay and gravel with smooth flowing outline. Their long axes agree always with the direction of the ice movement; and the internal structure of the stones and clay is convex— agreeing with the outward shape of the ridges. These characteristics point to a sub-glacial origin. The moraines have all been formed underneath the ice, possibly some of them on the valley floor. Torrential streams tunnelled the ice and swept along an irregular assortment of clay, sand, and stones, gathered from the ice above. This material was built up in a convex form, and frequently assumed large dimensions. Probably the oldest moraines deposited by the Rutton ice are those prominent drums running diagonally along the eastern slopes. There are at least three. One of them lies across a little pre-glacial valley, but is being steadily removed by the Minnin Burn in its flow to the Loch. The drums are in a direct line with the upper Merkland valley, and belong to the earlier period when the large glaciers were 20 THE GEOLOGY OF LOCHRUTTON. moving in a straight line eastward and climbing the hills which Jay in their path. During the closing scenes of the Glacial Age the valley ice, following the line of least resistance, turned from its easterly course below the Merkland and travelled north along the narrow transverse valley until it encountered the Crocketford ice moving down the Bogrie valley. On account of the easterly direction of the lower valley, and also because of its larger size, the Crocketford ice absorbed the smaller glacier—the whole moving out at ‘the Glen and the Grove gorges. While the Rutton ice was intercepted at the valley mouth, the escaping streams rapidly deposited sub-glacial moraines under the tunnelled ice. The Moat lands at present show a peculiar arrangement of these morainic drums. Towards the Bar the direction of their long axes is east and west, but nearer the Loch they run north and south along the course of the buried channel. At the farm of Merklandwell there is another moraine— a drumlin—sitting alone in the middle of the valley. While it also is of sub-glacial origin, yet its outward form is entirely different from the two varieties previously described. It is much shorter, and its complete isolation gives it an appear- ance of height. The bend of the old river course a little further along the valley may have been responsible for its formation in one of the huge crevasses, or it may be of the nature of a roche moutonnée resting upon the ground moraine of an older date. One thing is certain, it represents the very last phase of glaciation—the finishing touch of Nature in that prolonged and gigantic process of earth sculpture which is responsible for the scenery of to-day. FORMATION OF LOCHS. We have considered two barriers thrown across the Rutton valley—the partial and temporary block at Merk- landwell and the large deposit filling the valley from Auchen- franco downwards. The new streams would accumulate in the hollows thus formed, giving in the first place two distinct lochs. Evidently the water would continue to rise until the THE GEOLOGY OF LOCHRUTTON. 21 two were united—forming one sheet, with the Merkland drumlin as an island. Such a large mass of water would rapidly remove, by means of an outlet, any surface debris at the lower end. In this way the water level would fall, giving again an upper and a lower loch. OUTLETS. The duration, or rather the very existence, of a morainic loch depends primarily upon the point of emergence of its outlet. This occurs sometimes at the weakest point— that is, close to the buried channel—or it may happen at any other point which is lower. Lake Windermere is a typical example of escape by the lowest point. Its outlet, the River Leven, is considerably removed from the buried channel at the foot of the valley. The weakest point of the Merkland barrier—that is, the material that would be easiest removed by stream erosion—would be at the drumlin. The lowest point was situated behind the Merklandwell cottage; and along this depression the outlet sought its way. At the foot of the Rutton Loch the lowest point was found to be on the opposite side of the valley. The trend of the glacial flow explains this. The Lade found the lowest point to be in the angle formed by the eastern side of the buried valley and the rounded ends of the Moat drums. RECENT MODIFICATIONS. Any change that has since occurred in the lochs has. been along two distinct lines :—(1) Excavation by stream erosion; (2) formation of alluvial flats by sedimentation. Although these two forces are in direct opposition to each other, yet there is such an intimate and continued relation between the two at every step that we must consider the present condition of things as the result of one process —modification. MERKLAND LOCH. The path chosen -by the Merkland Burn to convey the surplus water of that Loch traverses at least two bands of hard rock. The band in front of the cottage is 50 feet wide, 22, THE GEoLoGy or LOCHRUTTON. and crops out near the surface. This rock barrier across the outlet would prevent the lowering of the stream, and as the barrier and the stream are nearly at right angles there would be no opportunity for the burn to ower its channel by working sideways. Into the upper end of the Loch the feeder would be continually discharging sediment from the valley above. The Loch would act as a settling pool, causing precipitation on the valley floor. The quantity of precipitation is governed by two factors :—(1) Rate of wastage of the upper drainage area; (2) erosive power of the stream upon the barrier at the foot. The Silurian greywacke is extremely hard, and its surface waste due to the action of weathering is of small amount; but all the pre-glacial torrent tracts and hollows having been filled up with glacial drift, the result was that the rate of wastage in that area was very great. As there was no lowering of the outlet, the site of the lochan ultimately became a peat moss. Its age should approximate that of the Kirkconnel Moss—the twenty-five feet beach period. LOWERING THE LADE. As we have seen, the Lade made its escape at the lowest point. This was over rock, and the consequences are a rock barrier and a rocky bedded stream. Had the Lade got out at the weak point, which would have been through the village, there would have been no Loch now. The amount of erosion accomplished by the Lade is shown in three distinct ways :—(1) A lowering of the bed of the stream five or six feet, especially in the upper portion next the Loch; (2) a gradual recession of the waterfall up the stream towards the Loch; (3) a travelling of the stream sideways to find a lower level. The vertical erosion of the Lade at the Loch outlet has in this instance been the determining factor in lowering the level of the water. Very little has been accomplished by the stream in its backward movement. From the base level in front of the Water Works the falls have retreated up stream to the Old Mill, forming a series of small cascades. \ prominent band of rock at the Sawmill has been against THE GEOLOGY OF LocHRUTTON. 23 this movement. The lateral erosion is not only interesting, but is also of great significance. The original course of the ade was along the face of a sloping rock surface now occupied by the road. Although the banks were very much higher on the left of the stream than the knolls of Shealing- hill on the right, yet there has been a continuous movement to the left. A section of the stream in front of Old Mill Cottage shows how the Lade has eroded the Moat boulder vidges in its efforts to find a lower channel in the buried valley. SEDIMENTATION. This process has been continuous since the formation of the Loch, and may be conveniently considered in two distinct aspects :— : 1. The deposits now above water. 2. The accumulation of silt still under the present water level, and burying the original floor of the Loch. These deposits are more extensive at the upper end, and that portion may therefore be considered first. Following the plan of the old chart, we find that the Merkland and the Carswadda Burns had each their own outlet into the Loch previous to the embankment. Around the mouths of each feeder, and for a considerable distance backward, there is a large expanse of flat marshy land com- posed of black alluvium. The flats are very extensive, amounting to several acres. They show a gradual rise from the lake outwards until the flowing contour of the glacial deposits is reached. Around the Merkland feeder the alluvium reaches nearly to Auchenfranco Farm. The line of demarcation is very distinct. It shows not only the relationship between the outer boulder clay and the younger deposit of alluvium resting upon it, but also the different character of the deposits. The demarcation line winds sinuously round the lake head, and marks off the highest of the alluvial fringe as the result of the earliest sedimentation. It shows the point at which the water originally stood, and is the same height as the top of the Loch banks at the outlet. 24 THe GEOLOGY OF LOCHRUTTON. MarsuHy Fats. The Merkland Burn has contributed a much larger amount of alluvium than its neighbour; but considering the relative size of the two streams, the Carswadda shows a greater erosive power. This is explained by the rate of wastage, varying in the different areas. The glacial deposits lying across the head waters of the Carswadda are being rapidly removed and deposited in the Loch, but the Riggfoot portion has been swept comparatively bare by ice-erosion. Further, the Merkland Loch acted as a filtering pool, and, intercepting the suspensions, gave a pure feeder to the Loch. When, however, the upper Loch was filled up the proportions were reversed, and the largest feeder swept in huge quan- tities of peat from its own store at an accelerated rate. The eastern shore contributes a larger quantity of waste than the western; consequently its sedimentation is greater, especially near the mouth of the Minnin Burn. Had the rock barrier at the Lade outlet been of a harder nature, and able to keep the Loch at its original high level, the alluvial flats would have been nearly horizontal from their highest point inland. At the point where sedimentation ceased they would have an abrupt slope towards the middle of the Loch. In the case of a small stretch of water the sedimentation is general and the deposit grows from the bottom upwards. A rapid lowering of the barrier would have given us no loch. As it is, there has been a fine balance of power. Gradual erosion of the outlet has carried forward the point of sedimentation, and so produced a shelving slope at a gentle angle of four or five degrees. THE Barr Locu. In the Bogrie district the glacial drums lie along the valley east and west, showing the direction of the Crocket- ford ice. Near an gld shed there is a large boulder of Arenig lava, which has its nearest outcrop in the Urr valley, many miles to the west. One of the drums lay in the path of the newly-formed Lade, which was here augmented by the Barr Burn from the west. This obstruction caused a block, THE GEOLOGY OF LOCHRUTTON. 25 and produced a flood plain stretching towards the Bar. arm, and in this long deep hollow a loch was rapidly formed. It was finally silted up, as the Lade escaped round the end of the drum below the Water Works. ‘The sedi- mentation is level rather than shelving. At the junction with the Barr Burn the banks show an exposure of a black peaty deposit over five feet deep; the base not seen. Dromore Locu. Dromore Loch was formed by a rock barrier at the head of the Glen gorge, and a few yards down stream from the junction of Bogrie and Lade. As the erosion of the rock barrier at Lakehead Cottage was slow, the flood plain was consequently lJarge—covering several fields of Dromore Farm. The bottom of this lochan has been filled with moraines, giving a very shallow depth of water. The top of three drums can be seen, covered with alluvium, in Dromore meadow. About fifty yards from the bridge a buried drum can be seen, running east and west—a relic of the Crocketford ice. The sedimentation in Dromore Loch is not peaty, but shingly. Nearer to the Water Works corner the stones increase in size, until they show the irregularity of a fluvio glacial deposit as it escapes from a retreating ice front. There is no evidence of lake silt having been carried from Lochrutton bottom and deposited here. The accumu- lation in these hollows corresponds in quantity and char- acter with the boulder clay which has been removed by the stream from the Moat banks. Locu’s OrRIGiNAL DEPTH. This survey of the various conditions that gave rise to the formation of the Loch will also furnish explanations of the original contour of the lake floor before sedimentation had set in. A transverse section across the middle of the Loch would then show, stretching under the water on the eastern side, a slope corresponding to the dip of the rock surface above water; while, on the western side, there would be a sudden fall down to the buried channel. In this section 26 THe GEOLOGY OF LOCHRUTTON. the deepest portion would lie near to the glacial drums on the west side. Further up the Loch the old channel would swing more into the middle in order to meet the Auchen- franco bend. North of this line of maximum depth the slope under water of the eastern bank would lessen until the outlet was reached. The lower western shore, on the other hand, would be more or less precipitous until the first band of rock was encountered near the village. The upper end would from the very first contain a large proportion of boulder clay washed in from the moraines around. The original maximum depth might be approximated by measuring the angle of inclination formed by the sloping sides of the old Merkland valley. This would give the depth of the apex; and with an allowance for the fall of the river from that point an indication of the depth of the channel would be given. OLp CHART. In 1880 a series of soundings of the Loch were taken. The results thus obtained show that at that date the amount of sedimentation resting on the old bottom was very great. The whole of the upper end was considerably filled in. It was four hundreds yards from the top of the Loch before 24 feet of water was found. This increased gradually until 32 feet was reached between Dutton’s Cairn and the Lake dwelling. About fifty yards south of the Cairn the greatest depth was found to be 52 feet 6 inches. Along line No. 15, near the mouth of the Minnin Burn, there was a 12 feet platform stretching out three hundred yards. From that point there was a steep gradient. Eighty yards further out the depth had fallen to 36 feet=1 in 10. This deepest point was exactly midway between the mouth of the Minnin Burn and the opposite shore. Sound- ings not over 12 feet included the whole of the Loch north- east of the islands, except a narrow strip running from the Cairn towards the village. The chart shows very clearly the trend of the old valley making for the north-west shore. Soundings were taken again in 1887 along the longitu- dinal line No. 1, and the transverse line No. 15, and down THE GEOLOGY or LOCHRUTTON. Di central line (No. 1) again in 1912. Taking these records as a whole, the central line becomes now the line of nearly the greatest depth. For a distance of two hundred and thirty yards south of the islands there is an increase in depth. The greatest drop at any one point is 15 feet. Between the islands, however, the sediment has risen 19 feet. Considered on. section line No. 1 alone, there is a very large increase of silt, but transverse line No. 15 shows a considerable narrow- ing of the deepest channel, and that in spite of its removal westward. Duttron’s Cairn. Dutton’s Cairn may be the exposed portion of a ledge of rock reaching north to the projecting shore, or it may be the top of another moraine similar to the Merkland drum, and stranded in the same way. The sudden dip on all sides except that facing north would lend countenance to the latter view, and also account for a prolongation of the deep channe! between the islands in the direction of the outlet. COMPARISONS. Nearly all of the smalier lochs rest wholly upon moraine debris :—Lochs Mailling, Urr, Regland, Partick, Auchen- crieff Loch, Collochan Loch, and Loch Aber. They are silt- ing up very rapidly. Lochs Howie, Skae, Brack, and Babbington are in the last stages of existence. The largest and best class of lochs lie partly upon the pre-glacial land and partly upon moraines, e.g., Auchenreoch, Corsock, Milton, and Lochinvar. The relationship of the present Lochrutton to the silted Merkland is admirably seen in certain lochs in the Lake District. Buttermere and Crum- mock Water were previously one sheet, but are now separated by large flats as a result of sedimentation. Der- wentwater and Thirlmere are similarly related, but the flats are larger. The nearest approach to the Lochrutton position occurs at Loch Skene in Moffatdale. Above the loch, at the foot of Broad Law, another loch existed. It has been drained by the Midlaw Burn, and is now a large expanse of marshy moorland. Loch Skene is being rapidly lowered 28 THE GEOLOGY OF LOCHRUTTON. by the Tail Burn cutting its way through the tumultuous mass of moraine mounds, and finally falling over the famous Grey Mare’s Tail. CONCLUSIONS. The springs which flow from Tarannon greywackes amidst such an extensive system of rock folding are very deep-seated, and may therefore be depended upon for a supply when slightly inclined porous strata will have failed. If the apex of a synclinal fold is tapped by an artesian well there is every prospect of a considerable addition to the present supply. The present stream in the Merkland valley is very much smaller than the original river that cut the groove; therefore the Loch is not receiving its full share of water from that area. The Minnin Burn also does not give a discharge pro- portionate to the valley in which it lies. There is comparatively little drainage received from the western side of the Loch, and yet the Barr Burns on the north side of the drums were supplying water during the excessive drought. Another method of augmenting a storage supply against a dry summer would be to utilise again the Merkland basin. The material excavated from the basin might be used, if found suitable, for a dam. If the water had been drawn from the western side of the Loch very little rock excavation would have been required in laying the pipes or in sinking the filter beds. The futility of erecting an embankment at the lake top across a deposit of mud fifty feet deep is apparent. The continual disappearance of the material poured in at its formation needs no further explanation. The sedimentation of the upper portion of the Loch is excessive. The increase of silt under water is serious. The transportation of sedi- ment to the lower end since the erection of the embankment shows the increased projective force of the united feeders in their banked condition. Many other deductions can be drawn from the foregoing data, which come exclusively within the province of the engineer, and are outside the scope of geological investiga- THE GEOLOGY OF LOCHRUTTON. 29 tion. Plans and charts have been kindly lent by Mr Nigel Wilson, the engineer, and he has also afforded the writer very valuable information from his own experience. Some Galloway Plants. By JAMES FRASER. The following list of plants for Kirkcudbright and Wigtown may be of some help and interest to those who are studying the Flora of these delightful counties. All the plants from Kirkcudbrightshire mentioned in this list were seen during 1910, in August of which I spent a holiday of two weeks at Castle-Douglas, a charming town and a convenient centre from which one can easily reach to Douglas Hall in the east, New-Galloway in the north, and Creetown in the west. The Wigtownshire plants were seen during a holiday spent in that picturesque and famous summer resort, Portpatrick, in August of 1911 and of 1912, when the district, from Challoch Junction to Lochnaw, and from Stranraer to the Mull of Galloway, was explored as completely as the tropical heat of the former year and the almost arctic cold of the latter would allow. The number of new species added to the Floras of the counties since the publication (in 1882 for Kirkcudbrightshire and in 1894 for Wigtownshire) of Mr M‘Andrew’s Floras (modestly entitled ‘‘ Lists ’’) is remarkably small, and the smallness of the number bears testimony to the care and completeness with which these counties were botanized and the ‘‘ Lists ’’ compiled by that keen observer and veteran botanist, who, we rejoice to know, is still as enthusiastic as ever in the pursuit of his favourite hobby. I have not materially added to the number of hitherto unrecorded species, except in the case of that class of plants usually referred to as “‘ ce ” casual ’’ or such as those which for many years have appeared annually on the shore of Loch Ryan, near the Sheuchan Mills at Stranraer. Any plants mentioned herein which have not, as far as I know, been previously observed in the respective counties are indicated (to the number of 27) by a star in front of the name, two, or alien, 80 SoME GALLOWAY PLANTS. at the most three of these, being natives, and the remainder ~ plants. ce ” recently introduced or “‘ alien The figures 73 and 74 represent the vice-county num- bers of Kirkcudbrightshire and Wigtownshire respectively in Watson’s Topographical Botany. Chelidonium majus, L. By roadside near Lochans; an escape from a garden. *Fumaria purpurea, Pugsley. On the shore about two miles north of Drummore. Only one large clump observed. Fumaria Bastardi, Bor. var. hibernica, Pugsley. At Portpatrick; plentiful. *Barbarea precox, Br. On the side of the road east of Castle-Douglas, v.c. 73. At the shore and by the side of the road near the railway station, Portpatrick, v.c. 74. (New for Wig- townshire only.) Hesperis matronalis, L. A single clump by the roadside west of Challoch Junc- tion. *Sisymbrium officinale, Scop. var. letocarpum, D.C. At Portpatrick; plentiful. *Kruca sativa, Mill. Stranraer shore; several. Thlaspi arvense, L. At Portpatrick ; several. Lavatera arborea, L. Several splendid examples of this plant occur in Port- patrick just outside a garden, and in somewhat similar conditions at Morroch Bay. *Oxalis corniculata, L. Trigonella Foenumgrecum, L. Stranraer shore; two or three plants of each. Melilotus alba, Desr. Stranraer shore; several. Some GALLoway PLAN's. 51 M.-indica, All. Stranraer shore and Portpatrick railway station; several. *Lens esculenta, L. Stranraer shore; several. Potentilla Anserina, L. var. concolor, Wallr. Near Portpatrick; plentiful. *Sedum album, L. At Portpatrick; plentiful in one place. Epilobium augustifolium, L. On railway bank at Dunskey Castle; one large patch. Apium graveolens, L. On west side of Auchencairn Bay; about a dozen plants. Scandix Pecten-Veneris, L. Coriandrum sativum, L. Galium tricorne, Stokes. Asperula arveisis, L. Stranraer shore; several of each. Jasione montana, L. A form with very pale fowers and much smaller heads than in the type, near Dunskey Castle. *Guizotia abyssinica, Cass. At Portpatrick railway station; several. *Matricaria discoidea, D.C. In August, 1910, this plant was plentiful by the sides of every road leading out of Castle-Douglas; at the Quay, Dalbeattie; and at the Quay, Kirkcudbright: v.c. 73. But not a single plant was observed at Creetown in that year, nor at Stranraer, Portpatrick, Drummore, and district in the two following years. *Petasites fragrans, Presl. A large fully established colony in Portpatrick. *Carduus argentatus, L. Silybum Mariana, Gaertn. Two or three of each at Stranraer shore. a SoME GALLOWAY PLANTS. ‘Centunculus minimus, L. On Craigoch Moor, Portpatrick; plentiful. *Symphytum peregrinum, Ledeb. I saw only a single clump of this growing by the side of the Port of Spittal burn, about a quarter of a mile from its mouth. It is a strong, leafy plant, with flowers of a pale pink tinged with light blue when fresh. There is another Symphytum in Wigtownshire (growing abun- dantly in the gully just south of Dunskey Castle, etc.), with very deep blue or dark violet flowers, which seems to be a colour variety of S. officinale, L. Anchusa sempervirens, L. Roadside between Damnaglaur and Kirkmaiden; Castle- Kennedy ; and Portpatrick. Asperugo procumbens, L. =Convolvulus altheoides, L. *C. tricolor, L. Stranraer shore; several of each. Lycopersicum esculentum, Mill. Stranraer shore; on the shingle about a mile north of Portpatrick; on the shingle north of Drummore; common. Linaria viscida, Moench. (L. minor, Desf.). Very plentiful on the railway and sidings from Castle- Douglas eastwards in 1910; several on the railway track at New Luce station in 1912. Linaria Cymbalaria, Mill. Several at Creetown; and plentiful in Portpatrick. Mimulus Langsdorfit, Donn. (M. luteus, auct. ang.). This cosmopolitan garden outcast is common in both counties. At Douglas Hall there is a colony growing in the shade, with petals of a darker yellow and more spotted than usual; and at Kelton there is a colony with smaller flowers and fewer spots. Mentha alopecuroides, Hull. South of Creetown; and at Douglas Hall; in v.c. 73. At Morroch Bay; Terally Bay; and Portpatrick; v.c. 74. - SoME GALLOWAY PLANT'S. 3: Mentha longifolia, Huds. On shore south of Drummore (outcast) and at Port- patrick. Mentha piperita, L. var. officinalis (Hull). At and near mouth of Port of Spittal burn. Mentha sativa, L. Carlingwark Loch; Bridge-of-Dee; and south of Cree- town; in v.c. 73. Near mouth of Port of Spittal burn; by the roadside near Knockingham House; near Duns- key Castle; at roadside north of Dunskey Lakes; and at Sandhead; in v.c. 74. I give the localities for this plant in detail, as Professor Scott-Elliot in his Flora of Dumfriesshire says in a note to M. sativa, L. in Dum- fries, Kirkcudbright, Wigtown :—‘‘ These are all doubt- ful as records of the sub-species.’’ *Mentha rubra, Sm. Craigoch burn; and at old mill, Portpatrick. Origanum vulgare, L. Plentiful at Orchardton Tower. Chenopodium murale, L. Stranraer shore; several. Polygonum cuspidatum, Sieb. and Zucc. At Portpatrick and Stranraer, in several places. Humulus Lupulus, L. South of Creetown and at Auchencairn Moss, both with male flowers, and at Port of Spittal Bay. Tritonia crocosmiflora. On the shore at Portpatrick. Common in the neigh- bouring gardens. *Asphodelus fistulosus, I.. *Phalaris minor, Retz. P. paradoxa, L. P. paradoxa, L. var. praemorsa, Coss. and Dur. Stranraer shore; several of each. 34 Some GALLOWAY PLANTS. *Alopecurus utriculatus, Pers. A. agrestis, L. *Phleum tenue, Schrad. *Avena barbata, Brot. A. strigosa, Schreber. *4. sterilis, L. *Gaudinia fragilis, Beauv. Stranraer shore; several of cach. Calamagrostis epigeios, Roth. A single clump near Portpatrick. This same patch was observed by Mr M*‘Andrew in 1895. Poa palustris, L. Plentiful at Kenmure Castle, New-Galloway, where it was first observed by Mr M*Andrew many years ago. Poa memoralis, L. Dalbeattie railway station; several. *Poa compressa, L. On the railway track at Castle-Douglas; several. *Festuca bromoides, L. Dalbeattie railway station; two or three plants. *Bromus maximus, Desf. B. arvensis, L. Stranraer shore; several of each. Bromus mollis, L. var. glabratus, Doell. Roadside at Dunskey Lakes; several. Lolium temulentum, L. Stranraer shore; several. *A gropyron repens, L. var. Leersianum, S. ¥. Gray. South side of Portpatrick harbour; plentiful. Hordeum pratense, Huds. Plentiful on the margin of a field at the Quay, Dal- beattie, where it was first observed by Mr M‘Andrew in 1883. ARMORIAL BEARINGS. oY) ~ List of Armorial Bearings Noted ia Dumfriesshire and Adjacent Counties. By J. BELL IrviNG. Part 0). [Part I.—Transactions, 1912-13. A helmet is indicated by the *. The Kirkconnell is that in Kirtlewater. | HALL. (A) A chevron between 3 birds’ heads. Crestr—-A bird. Morro—‘‘ Cura quitem.’’ (B) A hand (palm exposed) on which is perched a bird pecking at fore- finger and in chief 3 cinquetoils: the whole reversed. 1673. David Hall in Corrimains. (B) Tundergarth. 1777. James Hall in Know. (A*) Corrie. HALiipuerton, John, of Askerton, 1791. Bewcastle. On a bend wavy 3 lozenges. Crest—A boar’s head erect. Morro— Watch well.” HALLIDAy. (A) A curved sword, point down, and in chief 3 de- crescents. (B) A dagger, point up, and in chief 3 increscents impaling wife’s, Isobel Irving. (C) artistic but muscular Cromagnonite who came from the Mediterranean and lived through the Wiirm, of the Alpine herdsmen who wandered to us from the illimitable steppes of Asia, of the Mediterranean folk who came from the densely peopled cities of the four great monarchies, and, perhaps, even of the pygmy. All these peoples crossed and diverged, passed through widely different race experiences and again crossed with each other. They were tried by years of war- fare and of hardship, and even more severely by peaceful and comfortable life persisting occasionally for one or two 78 PRIMITIVE MAN. centuries. It is this mixture of strains which makes it almost impossible to trace exactly the life history of any one element. But it is just the difficulty of the problem that makes it attractive. In one respect the story of man is an encouraging one. If we follow him from the Piltdown stage upwards, it 1s obvious that his brain enlarges and his mastery over nature increases with every century that passes. I think I could show also, if I had space for it, that in all the great strides which mark a new departure, it was not so much intelligence or physical strength as a better moral fibre that helped him onward. The story on the whole justifies a confident but not an exuberant optimism. 12th December, 19153. Chairman—Dr Witiiam SempLe, M.A., B.Sc., Ph.D: The Raid at Dumfries on Lammas Even, 1508. By G. W. SHIRLEY. The sharp, decisive and fatal conflict at Dumfries, known contemporaneously as the Raid of Lammas Even, took place on the 31st of July, 1508. It had no result of national significance, although it caused much stir at the time. The ready and judicious action of the King, James 1V., ‘‘ suddenlye quyeted and stancheit ’’ it. The principal partakers in it perished only five years later on the same woeful field, and thus it does not appear to have contributed in any material degree to family feud. Consequently it has been neglected by historians, and its cause and effect have remained obscure. The raid was, none the less, of peculiar importance to the burgh within which it took place. The possession of dearly cherished rights was challenged, and, had the fight turned otherwise, these might have been lost,. with inevitable reduction in the status of the good town. In an early volume of our Transactions James Starke of THe Rar av DumMrries ON LAMMAS EVEN. 79 Troqueer Holm placed before this Society! such matter as he could gather about the raid. Summing up he wrote, ‘‘ What a tedious, pointless story is here !’’ and commented upon the “vague and unsatisfactory account’’ of the incident, which seems,”’’ he concluded, ‘‘ to have been regarded in the light of a common family feud.”’ oe With some long-forgotten documents before us we are confident of securing from the reader a revision of these conclusions, and of lifting the incident out of obscurity and misconception to its proper position in the history of Dum- fries. There is litthe more about the raid to be gleaned from contemporary historians than was available fifty years ago. Sir James Balfour says :—‘' This zeire at Drumfreis, ther was a grate feight betuix the Lords Maxswoll and Sanquhare and ther frindes and followars quheirin the Lord Sanquhare wes ouerthrowen, and maney of his frinds killed. ’’2 Bishop Lesley writes :—‘‘ Thair was a gret gaddering the xxx day of July [1508]? betuix the Lord Maxwell and the Lord Creychtoun of Sanchar, quhair the Lord Creych- toun was chaissit with his cumpany fra Drumfreis and the Laird of Dalyell and the young [Laird] of Crauchley slane with diuers utheris, quhairof thair appered greit deidly feid and bludshed; bot the King tuk sic ordour, partlie be justice and pairtely be aggrement that the hole cause wes suddenlye quyeted and stancheit.’’® To these we can add an extract from the Terregles MS. ‘* After a great fray the 30th July, 1508, he [Lord Maxwell | chased the Lord Sanquhar out of Drumfries, killed the Laird Dalzell, the laird of Creighlaw, and sundry others, for whilk 1 The Sands of Dumfries in 1508. V'rans. D. and G. N. H. and A. Soc., 1865-6, pp. 51-60. 2 Annals, I., 231. 2a It will be seen that Bishop Leslie and the writer of the Terregles MS. both give the date of the Raid as the 30th of July. The document given in full in Appendix 1V. is dated the 31st, and this date receives confirmation in the letter of the Crown to Lord Crichton, 3rd January, 1508-9. (Reg. Sec. Sig., I., No. 1791.) 3 Historie of Scotland (Bannatyne Club), p. 78. 80 ‘TRE Raip AT DUMFRIES ON LAMMAS EVEN. he was putt in prison by K. James 4, and payed a great composition for himself and all those who were with him,’”4 These statements make it clear that the chief protagon- ists were Lord Crichton and Lord Maxwell. The former was Sir Robert Crichton, znd Lord Sanquhar, hereditary Sheriff of Dumfries; the latter was John, 4th Lord Maxwell, Steward of Annandale.® The Sheriffdom of Dumfries had passed in 1452 from the Kirkpatricks to the Crichtons. In that year on 6th November® Sir Robert Crichton of Sanquhar was appointed Sheriff, succeeding Sir Thomas Kirkpatrick, whom we find exercising the office in 1434.7 He was also Coroner of Nithsdale from January, 1468-9. Sir Robert’s son Edward seems to have held the Sheriffship for some time.2 Sir Robert was succeeded by Robert, who, for his gallant services in offering resistance to Alexander Duke of Albany and James Earl of Douglas in their attack on Loch- maben on 22nd July, 1484, received, a month later, ratifica- tion in the Sheriffdom of Dumfries and in the barony of Sanquhar.!© On 29th January, 1487-8, he was created a Lord of Parliament by the title of Lord Crichton of San- quhar. He died between July, 1494, and February, 1494-5. His eldest son, Robert Crichton of Riccarton, had pre- deceased him prior to 1491-2, and thus the first Lord Crichton was succeeded by his grandson, the participant in the raid, who may at the time of this incident have been about thirty-five years of age. We have, unfortunately, no records to give us any idea as to how the individual holding the Sheriffdom of Dumfries 4 The Scots Peerage, VI., 478. The Terregles MS. is a history of the family of Herries preserved at Terregles House, and printed in the Herries Peerage Case Minutes, pp. 294-302. D. C. Herries states that it was compiled about 1677-1700, and that its early part is very untrustworthy. (op. cit., 470.) 5 Reg. Sec. Sig., 1., No. 1884. 6 Reg. Mag. Sig., Conf. Charter, No. 790, 28rd April, 1464. 7 Hachequer Rolls, 1434, p. 600, and 1456, p. 168. 8 Reg. Mag. Sig., 8th January, 1468-9. 9 vide p. 84. 10 Reg. Mag. Sig., No. 1597, 20th August, 1484. a THE Rar aT DUMFRIES ON LAMMAS EVEN. x1 was regarded by the burgesses of Dumfries prior to 1508. After that date there is sufficient to show that great jealousy of his position was exhibited by the burgh authorities, who were keen to resent any encroachment or fancied slight upon their privileges. It is the historic conflict between burgh and county. As illustrative of this spirit we may instance the Act of the Town Council in 1536 which inflicted the penalty of a year’s expulsion from the burgh and its privi- leges on any inhabitant who took a case! to the Sheriff Court before he had been refused hearing by the burgh authorities .!? Very different from their attitude towards the Sheriff of Dumfries was the manner in which the inhabitants of the burgh regarded Lord Maxwell. The holder of this title was held to be a friend, if not a co-partner, of the community. 11 As a type of the cases which at the period we write of came before the Sheriff Court, we may cite one heard by Robert Lord Creichton of Sanquhar in the Tolbooth of Dumfries on 21st May, 1500. Marioun Parijs ‘‘ plenzeit on’’ George Scott dwelling in the college of Linclowdan, Nichell Merk, Gilbert Capel or Keppal, Thom Scott in the Merwood, Jok Leith younger, and Thom Mak- kymman or M‘Keyn, his accomplices, that they had come to her house, she being at “‘ goddis pece’”’ and ‘‘ masterfully reft and made spouliatioun ”’ of ‘‘ vii] scor of thraffis of ber and ats, the sovm —, drawand iij chalder of neddisdaile met; ix scor of creills of eldin and wyne fewill, drawand to ij merkis of silver; ane feder bed wt bowster and couerin which were had to lochmaben be the said George and thar draw to 1j pundis of siluer and v s.; alswa ane stand bed wt a feden burd quhilkis the said George hes zit in his houss wt vtheris diuerss gers.’’ Marion could get ‘‘na justice of him and his compliceis’’ for the lord provost of Lincluden was his defender, and Scott dwelt within the provost’s regality. She con- sequently made a direct appeal to the Crown, which appears as late as 8th April, 1511, “‘ herfor maist souerane lord the said marioun besekis zor hienes of remeide of zour gude grace as scho that was yll downe to in land of pece And wt zor gracious ansuer heruppoun maist humlie scho beseikis at the reuerence of god.’? The Crown saw that justice was done, with, perhaps, more rigour than usual; for, in 1513, George Scott appealed to the Crown, and accused the Sheriff of having comprised more goods than needful. (MS. Acta Dom., 8th April, 1511, Vol. XXII., f. 150, and 16th April, 1513, Vol. XXV., f. 4.) 12 wide Appendix I. 8&2 THE Ratp AT DUMFRIES ON LAMMAS EVEN. By virtue of his position he was a member of its Council, and mutual obligations were entered into which made, no doubt, for the strength of both. Thus on the 11th of January, 1518-19, Robert, 5th Lord Maxwell, acted as oversman in a troublesome arbitration between John Maxwell of Carnsalloch and the burgh as to the boundary of the latter at Dalscone and Brounrig. The arbitrators settled this dispute in such a manner that their decision has remained substantially in force to the present day. More impressive than the foregoing, however, are the contents of two pages of the Burgh Court Books of Dum- fries, dated the 27th of May, 1523, when Lord Maxwell sat with the Secret Council and entered into mutual obligations with them for the better defence and more efficient preser- vation of order in the town, the whole being prefaced with the phrase, “* for the common wele of the gude toun.’’4 The historical narratives we have quoted supply us with neither beginning nor end to our tale, but, before giving as straightforward an account of the whole affair as possible, a word may be said about the Provost of the burgh, who. figures prominently in the incident. Nicholas M‘Brair was a member of that family which, generation after generation, throughout the 15th, 16th, and into the beginning of the 17th century, held the civic head- ship of the community. He was the son of Robert M‘Brair, who appears as Provost at various dates between 1453 and 1477, and the grandson of Herbert M‘Brair, who died prior to June, 1444. Nicholas himself had a long tenure of office, appearing first as Provost in 1484 and continuing so until Slee His son and successor was Roger M‘Brair, who appears as Provost from 1515 to 1548, and was succeeded by his son, John M‘Brair, Provost from 1549 to 1561, in the Feb- ruary of which year he died. His son was Archibald, already 13 wide Appendix II. 14 wide Appendix III. THE Rar at DuMFRIES ON LAMMAS EVEN. 83 familiar to us. It must be understood that we have no continuous record of our burgh during these years, and thus are unable to say that the Provostship was represented con- tinuously in the persons of the M‘Brairs, yet the remark- able point is that no other Provosts than M‘Brairs appear from 1453 to 1561, when the continuity was broken, until Archibald reached his majority. Of Nicholas we shail dis- cover that, like Aytoun’s Provost of Edinburgh, ‘he ever for the townsmen’s rights Stood wp ’gainst prince and peer.”’ , On the morning of July 31st, 1508, Lord Robert Crich- ton of Sanquhar rode into the burgh of Dumfries with a considerable body of men. His officer had been there before him summoning certain persons, burgesses of the burgh, to a court of justice, so his arrival was expected by the inhabi- tants. About nine o'clock in the morning one of his deputy- sheriffs, John Crichton of Hartwood, went to the Tolbooth,. which stood on the east side of the High Street on a site occupied later by the old Council Chambers,!® and proceeded to hold a court of ‘* bloodwits,’’ or of cases of assault to the effusion of blood.” = About him were gathered Mr Herbert Gledstanis, rector of Dornock; William Cunning- ham and David Welsh, burgesses of Dumfries; William Dalzell of that Ik whose family afterwards became Earls of Carnwath ;!8§ and John Carmichael,!® son of William Car- 18 Transactions, Dumfriesshire and Galloway Natural History and Antiquarian Society, N.S., XXIII. (1910-11), p. 219. 16 Now the printing office of Thomas Hannavy, 94 High Street. 17 ‘* Bloodwits: i.e., riots where blood is spilt, from wyte, a Saxon vocable, which, according to Spelman, signifies a fine, and which is used in our ancient statutes to denote blame or culpa.”’ (Erskine’s Institutes, I., 77.) 18 On December 15, 1508, M. William Balze, doctor in medicine and prebendare of Provand, was the recipient of the gift of ward and nonentries of William Dalzell’s estate, also of the marriage of Robert Dalzell, ‘‘nevo and ayr’”’ of William Dalzell, unmarried (Reg. Sec. Sig., I., No. 1780, p. 270.) 19 Some confusion exists as to the genealogy of the Carmichaels at this period. FE. G. M. Carmichael, in The Scots Peerage, IV., 84 THe Raip At DUMFRIES ON LAMMAS EVEN. michael of that Ilk, ancestor of the Earls of Hyndford, both deputy-sheriffs of Lord Crichton. There were also present a chaplain, Sir John Steynsone, and three notaries public, John Makhome, presbyter of Glasgow, Roger M‘Gilhaugh, presbyter of Carlisle, and John Durane, curate of Glasgow and clerk of the Sheriff Court,* to whose good offices we are indebted for the following intimate record. Before the Deputy-Sheriff could begin, the Provost, Nicholas M‘Brair, appeared as spokesman and deputy for the whole community of the burgh, and addressed him thus :— ‘‘ Shr zour offichar says that he hais arrestit ane part of the nychburris of Drumfreis to this court for bluyd, the quhilk bluyd of the nychburris of Drumfreis, the correctioun and punycion tharof, pertenis to the alderman and bailzeis and ourismen of the said burgh and thai haue bein in wse of the correctioun thairof be the space of thre hundret zeris but ony impediment of ony sheref or depute that buyr office in that tyme, That is to say outhir Shr thomas of kyrk- patrik, Shr Robert of crechtoun, Eduard of crechtoun or ony wtheris that buyr office of Sherefschip or deputschip and the bluyd of the nycburris of Drumfreis pertenis in heritagis to Drumfreis and to the ourismen of the samyn.’’ To that declaration the deputy-sheriff retorted bluntly :— ‘* Shr Alderman, I declair and certifeis to zow that the bluyd of Drumfreis pertenis to my lord crechtoun of the sanquhair, sheref principale of Drumfreis, in heretagis and is his heritagis quham to I am depute and I, in my lordis name, will determine thair wpone.’’ Then the doughty Provost, quelling his rising anger at ‘this curt declaration, made answer :— ‘* Sene ze, sheref depute, sais and allegis that the bluyd of Drumfreis is heretages to my lord crechtoun of the san- quhair, quhame to ze ar depute, as sheref principale of Drum- freis, he and ze ar suspect Jugis [judges] till ws, And wpone pp. 576, 582, does not mention this John Carmichael, but gives another John Carmichael of Park as the third son of William. The ~ first John is elsewhere styled ‘‘the young laird of Carmichael.”’ xPiteairn’s Criminal Trials, I., *85.) * MS. Acta Dominorum, 8th April, 1511, Vol. XXII., fol. 150. THE Rar aT DUMFRIES ON LAMMAS EVEN. 85 law may nocht sytt thair wpone becauss ze manifest and schawis zr self pertie [a party to one side] and pretendis to be Jugis till our fee and heritagis of the blud of Drumfreis, and correctioun of the samyn, the quhilk correctioun our predecessoris and we hais wsitt all tymes bigane and neuer naine sheref of Drumfries attour the mynd of man; Heirfer Shr notaris, in the name and of the behalf of the haill comunitee of this burgh of Drumfreis, I excep eganis [take exception to] the said Sheref and his depute that heir is present, and declynis tham as Jugis in this mater and actioun of bluyd, and impugnis all process lede or to be lede be thaim or ony ane of thaim in this actioun of bluyd, And appelis till our Souerane lord the Kyng for the causs and correctioun of the said Sheref deput maid of before, and protestis quhat euer the said sheref or his deput that heir is present, or any wtheris of his deputis, dois in the contrar of ws and our fredome turne ws or or freedome to naine preiudice [what- ever they do in our dispite shall not prejudice us or the free- dom of our burgh] considerane we are and ay or predecessors hais bein in ws and possessioun of the correctioun of the said bluyd, And that we may have remeid of law of all process lede or to be lede in the said actioun of bluyd at or souerane lord the Kingis hand as our immediat superior.’’!% This dignified and forceful utterance of the Provost still rings to-day with the note of a man determined to uphold the rights of his burgh. We may be sure the drawing of weapons did not long follow the retiral of the Provost. Hartwood might attempt to proceed with his court, and the conflict may have com- menced with an effort to eject him from the Tolbooth. In the street were gathered with Lord Maxwell a large body. of men, Maxwells, Fergussons, Grahams, Johnstones, Scotts, and Moffats. It is not clearly stated, but it is likely enough, ‘that the over-lords of these men were also present. At any- rate, subsequently embroiled in the matter were Sir William Douglas of Drumlanrig,2° Lord Carlyle of Torthorald, John 19a wide Appendix IV. 2 Sir William Douglas, 5th of Drumlanrig, was infeft in 1492, 86 THe Rarp At DUMFRIES ON LAMMAS EVEN. Fergusson of Craigdarroch and his son Thomas, and James the Laird of Johnstone, a son-in-law of Lord Maxwell.7! Herbert Maxwell of Kirkconnel and Robert Graham of ‘Gillesbie were certainly present. In a little while a wild mélée of struggling men would swing to and fro in the wide street. William Dalzell of that Ilk, John Carmichael, and the Laird of Crauchley?? were struck down and slain, others were killed or wounded, among them being John Weir, John Lokky, and Robert Bertoun. These were Crichton’s men. Two on the other side, Alex- ander Fergusson and Robert Fergusson, appear to have been killed by the Crichtons. The latter, however, soon broke and fled. By Friars’ Vennel, the Stinking Vennel,** the narrow path through the fields past the Greyfriars’ Convent to the Stakeford, or by the Townhead, they sought escape from the victors. We can almost see the humbled Sheriff spurring his jaded horse up the long valley of the Nith to Sanquhar.”4 He was the grandson of William Douglas, 3rd of Drumlanrig, and his wife, Elizabeth, eldest daughter of Sir Robert Crichton of Sanquhar, who afterwards married Sir William Colville of Ochil- tree. His great-grandmother was said to be Janet, daughter of Sir Herbert Maxwell of Carlaverock. (The Scots Peerage, III., p. 222; VII., pp. 115-7.) 21 He appears to have married Mary, the eldest daughter of John, 4th Lord Maxwell, as his son, John Johnstone, is described as ‘“‘sister son”? to Robert, 5th Lord Maxwell. (State Papers, Henry VIIT., 1V., 492.) James Johnston was one of the Wardens of the Western Marches, 15th May, 1523, and died in August, 1524. 22 Sir Herbert Maxwell calls this person ‘‘ Gordon, laird of Craighlaw,’’ in Wigtownshire, but that estate had not passed to the Gordons at that date. It was in the possession of ‘‘ Maleum Kakke ” in 1513. (MS. Acta Dom., 15th March, 1512/18, Vol. . XXIV.. fol. 215.) Clauchrie, in Closeburn, might be suggested as the property indicated. 23 Now bearing the more dignified name of Bank Street. 24 Lord Crichton’s powers of jurisdiction were challenged not ‘only by the Burgh of Dumfries. On 17th March, 1510, John Murray of Cokpule, Knight, raised summons against him for call- ing William and Andro Quhite, his tenants in the lands of Little “Cargo, to the Sheriff Court and proceeding against them and THE Rap av DUMFRIES ON LAMMAS EVEN. x7 There must have been wild excitement in the little town. The horses, arms, and all that the Crichtons had abandoned in their flight were seized by the victorious side. We have no record of what part the burgers took in the fray. On market days their commands were to be with their ‘* geyr "’ upon them and ‘ ‘ sufficient wappynis "’ in their booths ready to pass with the Provost and bailies to resist any parties *“doand ony truble wytin the toun.’’?® We may be certain that they were not unarmed on the 31st of July, and it would be, surely, too great a strain for the human nature of 1508 to stand idly by while such a fight was in progress. Since Robert Pitcairn published his Criminal Trials in 1833 it has been supposed that the struggle took place on the Sands beside the Nith. William M‘Dowall added that the Maxwells rode in from the south. There is really no tittle of evidence as to where the fight actually raged, but, considering the procedure in the Tolbooth now brought to light, it seems likelier to have been in the High Street about that building. News of the fray quickly reached the King, James IV., who, vigorous and intrepid, took immediate action. The swiftness with which the matter was dealt indicates that the court regarded it as a serious occurrence. Only three days later, on the 3rd of August, James issued letters to Lord Maxwell, Lord Crichton, and the Laird of Johnstone. In the Lord High Treasurers’ Accounts are the entries :— “Item to Johne Beg, messinger, passand to charge Lord Maxwell and the lard of Johnestoun to ward . . . 1x 5s.; Item to ane othir to pas to Lord Crechtoun of Sanquhar with inewcine S writing’). . ix s.’?. The Terregles MS. is thus, so far, vindicated. Lord Maxwell was imprisoned by the King. What the contents of the letter to Lord Crichton were must remain conjectural. It is significant, however, that taking their goods for ‘‘ bludewittis..’ (MS. Acta Dom., Vol. XXII., fol. 70.) 25 Reg. Sec. Sig., Vol. I., Nos. 1745, 1748. 26 vide Appendix III. 88 THE Raip AT DUMFRIES ON LAMMAS EVEN. on the 25th of March, 1509, the King discharged Lord apon blude committet ’’ ce Crichton from holding courts within Dumfries until ‘‘ he haid command in word or note of his Grace.’’2 The story now divides into two sections. We must follow the criminal records with regard to the actual par- ticipants in the Raid, and then the civil action between the burgh and Lord Crichton as to the right to hold Courts of Bluid. In October, 1508, precepts of remission were granted to Harbert Maxwell of -Kirkconnel, Andrew Alane, John Cowpir, John Stokbrig, and Thomas Buk, for implication in the raid,”8 as well as for other crimes. On November 18th the Laird of ‘‘ Garrules ’’ (Sir Alexander Stewart of Garlies), whose daughter Agnes was the wife of John 4th Lord Max- well, as surety, was fined £40 for the non-appearance at the court of David Glendunwell, who was denounced rebel and had his goods escheated for art and part in the slaughter of the two sheriff-deputes.29 Lord Crichton and his adherents were early relieved from criminal proceedings. On 3rd January, 1508-9, a letter 6 was ‘‘ maid ’’ from the Crown to Lord Crichton “‘ making mensioun, that becaus the Kingis hienes understandis and kennis wele that the said Robert maid and set a court to be haldin at Drumfreis the last day of July, for ministratioun of justice to certane personis within the bondis of his office, and that he mycht not nor durst nocht cum to the said burgh to hald the said court without warnyng support and supple of his frendis, as wele apperit fra his deputis war cruelly slane in the executioun of his office and halding of his said court, and that the persounis cumming with the said Robert to the sammyn come in the strenth of him in the executioun of his office and furthputtin of the Kingis auctoritie and nane utherwais: That thairfore it is the Kingis mynde and will that the said Robert nor nane uther persoun nor persounis 27 MS. Acta Dom., 17th November, 1509, Vol. XXTI., fol. 27. 28 Reg. Sec. Sig., I., Nos. 1745, 1748, and 1750. 29 Pitcairn’s Criminal Trials, 1., 53. THe Raw at Dumrries on LamMMAS EveEN. 89 that come with him to the said court be attechit, arestit or accusit be the justice, justice-clerkis, etc., for convocatioun of the Kingis lieges, slauchter, refe or ony uther maner of crime or actioun committit or done be him or thaim the said tyme, or be ony occasioun or ony uther thing that mycht follow thairupoun, bot will that the sammyn ceis for evir in tyme to cum, etc.’’5? Thus were those who had suffered loss from Lord Crichton and his adherents ‘ are prevented from acquiring an estimate of the damage inflicted by the Crichtons. On 1st December, 1509, in presence of the Lords of Council, Lord Crichton and Lord Maxwell entered into a bond of truce for themselves and suddenlye quyeted,’’ and we their friends in the following terms :—‘‘ In presens of the Lords of Counsale Robert lord Creichton of Sanquhar on the ta part and Johne lord maxvele on the tother part ilk ane assurit vtheris and their kenman, frendis and all the personis beand at the Raid of Drumfress on lammas day for them, ther men, kin and frends and all that thai may let but fraude or gile, excepand the personis that straik that day, be the faith in ther bodijs on to candelmes day nixt to cum quhill son pas dovne.’’*! One man on the Crichton side was, however, outlawed. This was Robert Creichtoun of Kirkpatrik, who, in December, 1510, is described as “* now being at the horne for the slater of Alexander fergusone and Robert fergusone.’’ John Fer- guson of Craigdarroch endeavoured to implicate John Creichtoune of Hartwood as one of Robert Creichton’s accom- plices, purchased letters to take surety of him and sought to get him outlawed. John Lord Hay of Yester and John Carmichael of Medoflat raised the matter before the Lords of Council. The latter decided that ‘* the executioun of the said lettrez purchest be the said Johne fergusone anent the takyng of souerte of the said Johne of Crechtone to haf vnderlyne the law for the said actioun sall ceiss and be suspendit in tyme to cum becauss the said Johnis borrowis 30 Reg. Sec. Sig., I., No. 1791, p. 271. 31 MS. Acta Dom., Vol. XXI., f. 47. 90 THe Rar At DUMFRIES ON LAMMAS EVEN. is outlawit and he fugitive for the samyn crime and dome gevin vpon him to denounce him the Kingis rebell and to eschete his guds like as was vnderstanden to the saids lords throw the quhilkis thar hands ar closit anent him.’ It is surely curious to find an accomplice becoming surety for his fellow as Kirkpatrick apparently was for. Hartwood. Having been outlawed for the crime, the Lords of Council could do nothing with regard to the security. Perhaps it was re- garded as a case of res judicata. The Fergussons pursued Robert Crichton of Kirkpatrick with their utmost vengeance, and they or William Douglas of Drumlanrig murdered him sometime prior to September, Si aeoee On the 24th of that month at Edinburgh, in presence of the King, ten earls, headed by Archibald Earl of Angus, eleven lords and seven knights considered the supplication of William Douglas of Drumlanrig desiring that the ques- tion of the crime imputed to him—the slaughter of Robert Crichton of Kirkpatrick—should be placed before the Lords of Council to decide if the case should go before a criminal court, Crichton having been a rebel at the time of his death. Lord Crichton opposed this, and the Lords of Council agreed that the case should go to an assize. On the question as to whether Crichton was a rebel or not when he was killed they decided that he was. Both parties were agreeable to the Lords of Council being upon the assize. On September 30th the great assize gave its verdict, including with Douglas of Drumlanrig, John Fergusson of Craigdarroch and Thomas Fergusson his son. The verdict was that “‘ the said allegit crimes be na Dittay ’’ (indictment), because Robert Crichton 32 MS. Acta Dom., Vol. XXII., f. 10; 17th December, 1510. 32a On 4th December, 1512, the Lords of Council ordained the infeftment of John Creichtoun of Kilpatrick, son and air of umquhile Robert Creichtoun, in the £10 lands of Glencairn, called Clovingalphalch, Stroncastell, Bellebocht, and Darnayngill, and infeftment followed on 12th December. John Creichtoun of Hart- wood acted as his tutor. (MS. Acta Dom., XXIV., fols. 53 and 77.) An entry relating to this matter is of date 15th July, 1511 (op. cit., XXITII., fols. 43, 51) and the murder may have been prior to that. THE Raw ar DuMmMFRigES ON LAMMAS EVEN. 9] was a rebel. Letters of Discharge were consequently ordered, but for some unknown reason were not to be ex- tended to Fergy Fergussoun or Robin Fergussoun, whe were ‘‘ to be punist, as is contenit in the decret and deliver- ance, be certane of the said Lordis thairapoun.’' Commenting on this, Sir Herbert Maxwell says. that there was evidently a preconcerted scheme for the acquittal of the accused.*4 If so, and it would be difficult to prove otherwise, it was with the ulterior object of strengthening the power of the law. This is shown in the act passed by the Lords of Council the following day anent ‘‘ the Resset of Rebellis and Personis being at our soverane lordis horne,”’ one clause of which act runs, ‘‘ And gif ony personis happins to committ slauchter apone the said Rebillis and personis being at the horne, the tyme of the takin or apprehending of tham, sall be na punct of Dittay; bot the slaaris of tham to be ravardit and thankit tharfore.’’% The end of the Justiciary Court proceedings seems to have been reached on 5th April, 1513. That day Robert Graham of Gillesbie,*® Thomas Johnestoun of Gartno, David Johnestoun, brother of John Johnstoun, in’ Bartycupane | Bartympane], Adam Scot of Tuschelaw, and James Johne- stoun of Skare, were denounced rebels and their goods escheated. James Laird of Johnstone, as their surety, was amerced {..00 for the first, and 100 merks for each of the others, a total of £366 13s 44.57 John Johnstoune of Wam- fray°8 was amerced £40 as surety for William Moffat of Hewek, similarly outlawed, as were also James, alias Jok Baty, Andrew his brother, Ronald Graham at the Water of Corry, and Patrick, son of Walter Graham. John Maxwell, called France, officer to Lord Maxwell, was proved to be sick, and Lord Maxwell became his surety under penalty of 33 Pitcairn’s Criminal Trials, I., *78-9. 34 History of Dumfries and Galloway, 1896, p. 154. 35 Pitcairn’s Criminal Trials, I., *80. 36 ibid., *85. 37 ibid., *86. 38 A grandson of John Johnston of that Ilk (1438-1493). (The Scots Peerage, 1., 239.) 92 Tue Raip AT DUMFRIES ON LAMMAS EVEN. 100 merks.39 Some indication of the size of the body of men that gathered in support of Lord Maxwell may be obtained by consideration of the wide tract of ee from which the above men were drawn. Lord Maxwell, Lord Carlyle, and the Laird of Johnstone were: not put upon trial. This may be Bishop Lesley’s ‘‘ pairtly be agreement.’’ They were not allowed, however, to go scot free. The Crown might have more need for a man’s purse than his person. They, with William Douglas of Drumlanrig, appear to have been dealt with by arbitrators, as appears from the Acta Dominorum of June 8th, 1513, when Douglas “ gaif in tua billis for him and the lord max- well and ellegeit that thai war ordanit to pay certane sovms be vertu of ane decrete arbitrale gevin betuix them and the lord Creichtoun,’’ and in which the Laird of Johnstoun was also included.*® The only definite fact emerging is the entry in the Lord High Treasurers’ Accounts, when at some date after August 6th, 1511, Andrew Stewart, Bishop of Caithness, the Trea- surer, charges himself with receiving 4555 11s o4d from Lord Maxwell, £400 from the Laird of Johnstoun, and £22 4s 4d from Lord Carlyle, as part payment of the larger sum of 41566 13s 4d due by Lord Maxwell and his accomplices in connection with the raid of Dumfries.4! Two thousand three hundred and fifty merks, to give the fine in round Scots money, might well merit the descrip- tion of ‘“‘a great composition.’’ Johnstone undoubtedly came off the worst of the three, for besides paying 400 as above he paid nearly £400 more as surety. It mitigates one’s anxiety for the Lords to reflect that then, as now, their burdens were passed on to humbler shoulders. Whether any further instalments of the fine were paid does not appear. In June, 1513, there is talk of modification: ‘‘ William Douglas of Drumlangrig, Knyt, for him self and in name oS 5D) of the lord Maxvel, and the lard of Johneston, protestit sen 39 Pitcairn’s Criminal Trials, I., *86. 40 MS. Acta Dom., 8th June, 1513, Vol. XXV., fol. 168. 41 The Lord High Treasurers’ Accounts, Vol. IV., p. 154. THE RAtw AT DUMFRIES ON LAMMAS EVEN. 93 he offerit him reddy to pay thar pert of the sovmes contenit in the decrete arbitrale gevin betuix tham and ther frendis and the lord creichtoun and his frendis [sa] the Jugis wald modify the samyn [sen] thai referrit the modification to thaim self [themselves] as he allecit [alleged] that therfor he nor thai suld incur na panis [howbeit] the tyme past.” Hostilities continued between the individuals concerned until a greater warfare fell upon them. On 14th June, 1513, the Lords of Council passed the following act, which indi- cates the state of feeling between the opponents :—‘‘ The lords of Counsal for certaine considerations moving thaim ordainis that Robert lord Crechtoun of Sanquhar sall ceiss fra all calling of Johne ferguson of cragdarroch, his freindis, sheruandis, or tennentis to his corts and fra all poynding or distrenzeing of thaim for ony occasion of unlawis, bigan or to cum, unto the v day of July nixt tocum. And elikewise [likewise] that William Douglas of Drumlangrik sall ceiss fra all calling of ony the said lord Crechtouns frendis tennentis or sheruandis, and fra all poynding of tham as said is for ony occasion of vulawis, bigan or to cum, vnto the said day: And gif ony of the saidis perteis has tane or poyndit for ony vnlawis ellis that thai sall restoir tham again quhil the said day so that the lordis may than provide how the saidis perteis sall haf [behave] tham to vtheris in tyme to cum according to the decrete arbitrale gevin betuix tham of befoir.’’4% Nothing appears to have been done on July 5th. Some settlement of the matter was to be brought about not by the Lords of Council but by the arrows of the English bowmen. The civil action commenced before the Lords of Council on 27th April, 1509, when May 12th was assigned to the parties to produce such reasons, evidents, and infeftments as they were to use in the case. They also decreed that, in the meantime, neither of the parties was to hold courts of blood. In consequence of this there was stir among the authorities at Dumfries on May 5th, when about ten in the 42 MS. Acta Dom., 13th June, 1518, Vol. XXV., fol. 172. 43 Op. cit., Vol. XXV., fol. 177. o+ Tue Raip at DUMFRIES ON LAMMAS EVEN. morning they gathered in the Church of the Grey Friars’ Convent. There the venerable and circumspect (we shall retain all his dignities) Dominus, or, to use the vernacular, Sir, Archibald Nycht, vicar of Trailflat, the accredited deputy of the most venerable and distinguished Master Hugo Gren- law, commissary below the parts of Nith of the most reverend father and lord in Christ, Dominus James, by God’s merey Archbishop of Glasgow, held a court. There were present also Sir John Symsone, Sir John Lauchlinsone, and Sir Stephen Ameligane, chaplains, John Greirsone, William M‘Brair, Nicholas Purdoun, and William Gillespie, laymen, Thomas Welch, and Herbert Dwne, clerks, the former the first town clerk of the burgh on record, and the notaries, Sir John Makhomme, Sir John Durane, and Sir David Makgee, the last a presbyter of Glasgow. In their presence Adam Wallass, bailie of Dumfries, produced a register or book of the burgh court of Dumfries, in which, he asserted, were contained certain acts of blood which it was necessary the provost, bailies, and community of Dumfries should pro- duce, either in the original or in an authenticated copy, before the Lords of Council with a view to investigating the truth of the matter touching the right or claim of right to hold, through ownership and possession, courts of blood. These acts the bailie asked, with seemly reverence, should be read over and copied by the notaries. This accordingly was done, and the document comprises the earliest records we possess of our burgh courts.*6 The following may serve as examples of the extracts. The first is dated 16th May, 1454. ‘‘ The bowrow curt of Drumfreis haldin the xvj day of the moneth of maij the zeir of god, ane thousand four hundret liiij zeris, sutis callit, the court affermit, etc., The quhilk day it is funding be ane inqueist that Johne of Aceine is in ane bluyduit, etc.’’ The next extract is much later, March 16th, 1473, ‘‘ The borow curt haldin at Drumfreis the xvj day of the moneth of merch, 45 James Beaton, Archbishop of Glasgow, 1509-1522, formerly bishop of Galloway, and afterwards Archbishop of St. Andrews. 46 vide Appendix V. THE Rarip At DumMFRies oN LAMMAS EVEN. 95 the zeir of god, ane thousand four hundret, IxXxiij zeris, etc. ; The quhilk day it is funding be ane inqueist that Johne of laudir and Dauid maxwell ar in ane bluyduit and in ane wnlaw for the drawin of andro burnis bluyd, doym gevin be mathow padzane.’’ Doom was the sentence pronounced by a dempster appointed every vear by the Council. The office was continued in Dumfries throughout most of the 16th cen- tury. It will be noticed that the court is not described in these entries as being held in any specific place. The fol- lowing entry and all succeeding ones, however, give the place of meeting as the Tolbooth. There seems good presumption therefore for ascribing the erection of the Tolbooth to the period between November, M73.) and June, 1481..; ‘ The borow curt of the burgh of Drumfreis haldin in the tolbuyt of the samin befoir the alderman and bailzeis the xxvij day of the monet of Junij, in the zeir of god, etc., Ixxxj, the curt affermit, sutis callit, absentes sunt hij: The samyn day Robert of homyltoun is in ane merciamet of the curt for the wranguss drawin of Donald m‘credis bluyd and ane mendis to be maid to the said Donald wtin terme of law, the quhilk mendis is ordanit be counsale of the houss x ss and of that to pay v s wtin xv dais and the totheris v s to pay be the ruyd- mes.’’ We may quote two other entries of interest. Novem- ber 13, 1489—“* Esobell mark offerit hir to preif lauchfullie, at the nixt curt that cristiane herroun wranguslie straik hir and drew hir of ane leddir quhair shw was seruand nycoll ander- sone quhair he theikaris [thatches].’’ ‘‘ The gyldyne pryme haldin befoir the deyne and bailzeis in the tolbuyt of Drum- freis the xxij day of the monet of Januar the zeir of god etc., Ixxxix zeris, curt affermit, suits callit, absentes sunt hij. The samyn day it [is] ordanit Andro patriksone till acquyit him lauchfullie at the nixt curt that he straik not thome wil- sonis wif wranguslie nor drew not hir bluyd and of the wranguss takin of hir guyd, that is to say a stand.”’ This entry is interesting as the earliest example in Dumfries of a Dean of Guild court. In the 16th century the Dean of Guild was frequently the first official to be chosen at the annual elections in October. He preceded the Provost. What his - position actually was is difficult to say. His courts seemed 96 THE Rarip AT DUMFRIES ON LAMMAS EVEN. to differ in no wise from the Provost’s and bailies’. He usually controlled the markets, and on October ist, 1561, we have it that ‘‘ the consell rypplie adwisit hes chosin Peter rig Dein or sear of thair mercait, in all points to be vsit at thair adwyiss and [he was] suorane there to.’’4’ It is possible, however, that between 1500 and 1560 a change had taken place in the position of the Dean. He no longer seems to hold courts.“ ‘‘ Pryme’’ was a general term for the hours between 6 and 9 a.m., and the court appears to have sat at the latter hour. The last extract given in the Transumpt is of date 16th November, 1494. Such were the contents of the Burgh Court Books on which the Burgh based its case. As it would have been desirable to have produced earlier extracts than that of 1454 we may perhaps conclude that, even in 1509, the Burgh had no earlier records than these in preservation. The earliest we now possess are a few fragments of 1506. Before following the case we may note what Erskine says of the powers of the provosts and bailies of royal burghs. *“Tn criminal matters they had anciently the same privilege as regalities, of repledging from the justiciary or sheriff. But their criminal jurisdiction hath been much abridged by our latter usage. They are still competent to petty riots; but they never had jurisdiction in bloodwits unless their grants carried an express right of Sheriffship, regality, or barony (Leg. Burgh. C 19 and Skene’s Notes), which special right hath been granted to Edinburgh, Stirling, Perth, and some other royal boroughs. . . . . But this juris- diction is only cumulative with, not exclusive of, that of the Sheriff.’’49 None of these powers appear in the Charters of Robert IIT. (April 28, 1395) or James IJ. (October 28, 1458) to the 47 Burgh Court Books. 48 By the Act of Parliament of 1593, c. 184, the Dean of Guild was vested with jurisdiction in all causes between merchant and merchant and disputes about marches or linings were referred to him, etc. (Erskine’s Institutes, I., 104-5.) 49 Erskine’s Institutes, I.,; iv., 16, 21. THE Rarp At DUMFRIES ON LAMMAS EVEN. 97 burgh. The latter, therefore, based its claim upon posses- sion with, as we shall hear, a reservation as to title. On 12th May the case was duly considered by the Lords of Council. The Provost protested that whatever the Lords did in the case should not hurt the burgh, for he would not admit that they were competent judges as to the ground right or ownership, but only as to the possession or exercise of the right. He further offered to prove the possession to have been held by the burgh ‘* past memor of man.’’ Lord ‘Crichton asked note that whereas he produced a charter under the Great Seal as his title his adversaries produced nothing. Then occurs a curious incident illustrative of that inter- ference with the course of justice which we do not so lightly regard nowadays, but which in the sixteenth century was a necessary adjunct to a King. The burgh was in possession of a letter from the Crown forbidding Lord Crichton to hold courts of blood in Dumfries without definite permission from the King. This Crichton appealed against, and the Lords of Council advised the King to suspend the letter “ of the causs not being had.’’ The rest of the action they continued to 28th July.5! The decision of the Council was a set back to Dumfries, and might have meant further blood- shed. The King, however, did not take the advice of the Council, and appears to have snubbed them, for two days later they meekly retracted their advice. The phraseology by which the Council saved its dignity is curious. ‘* The Kingis hienes wt avise of his lords of counsale forsaid under- ‘stands that his grace knew perfirle quhy he gaif the said lettres quhilk wes for the stanching of debats and effeusioun -of blude that myt happen betuix the said pertijs through the halding of the saidis courts as has bene committet ellis likeas the sade lord creichtone grantit tham befor the Kingis grace and his saids lords.’’ We are also given Lord Crichton’s belief with regard to his rights. He ‘* granted elikewise that nouther he nor his fader was in possession of blude in cognition 50 MS. Acta Dom., Vol. XX., fol. 203; vide Appendix VI. 51 Op. cit., Vol. XX., fol. 204. QR Toe Rat at DumFRIES ON LAMMAS EVEN. the said burgh bot allegit that his grantshr wes ane sleuthfull man and pretermittit it.’’ Not an over-respectful attitude to the ancestor who had won for the family its chief honours ! The Councii suspended both parties from holding courts of blood in Dumfries until July 28th, when the case was again to come before them.*? It was the r7th of November, however, before anything further was done. Lord Crichton then produced his infeft- ment of the sheriffship of Dumfries, dated 20th August, 1484; Master Walter Laing, ‘‘ forspekar ’’ for the burgh, produced the King’s letters discharging Crichton from holding courts, dated 25th March, 1509, and ‘‘ Nicoll Makbraar alderman of Drumfreiss ’’ desired that his protestations should be shown anent the matter.°? The affair is postponed once again, and it is the 21st of March, 1511, before it emerges. Then Maister James Henry- son asked that note should be made that Lord Crichton pro- duced a confirmation of the gift of the Sheriffship of date 6th November, 1452.54 On the 27th of March following Maister ~ Walter Laing protests for the burgh that the Lords should only consider the “‘ vse of blude wtin the sade burgh,”’ and Lord Crichton protested that the Lords “‘ myt procede efter the forme of ther avn grant maid of befor,’’ evidently in his favour. Then again the King’s influence appears. My Lord Treasurer asserted that ‘‘ or souerane lord had entress {interest | therintill and protestit that he myt be admitted for ot souerane and protested gif the lordis procedit forther it suld not hurt the King.’’ A little later ‘‘ My lord thesaurar ce in ot Souerane lordis name askit ane note that Maister Walter Laing and Johne Ramsay as procuratoris for the tovne balzeis and commonte of Drumfress be ane sufficient procuratory He then asserted that the burgh had been in use of “ sittin of blude’’ within the town and 9” under the common sele. produced the Instrument of Transumpt “‘ of certane rolmentis 52 MS. Acta Dom., Vol. XX., fol. 208-9. ENON Citron Gill, NO: soll, Dif 4 Op. cit., Vol. XXII., fol. 81. 53 Op. cit., Vols XXdl:, fol: 96; THe Raiw ar DumMrries on LAMMAS EVEN. 99 berand the said balzies to haf sittin diuerss tymes upon blude and to haif affrmit courtis thervpon.’’°6 This instrument we have already described. On the following day Lord Crichton protested that nothing should be done to his injury in the case between him and the Crown as he had not been cited and ‘‘ this mater > was bot gevin in zesterday.’ ae Then Maister James Henderson, advocat for or souerane lord askit ane Note that he offerit him to preif be the lawis of the Realm that the tovne of Drumfreis had a ryt to sit on bludis wtin the tovne of Drumfreis, and that the lord crechton had not ryt therto becass his infeftment was in the Kingis nonage.’’” The reference is evidently to the confirmation charter of 2zoth August, 1484, but why it should not be valid because it was granted by James III., and during the minority of James IV. is not apparent except upon the grounds that only the reigning King could do no wrong. The result of this incursion by the Crown was the further postponement of the affair to the roth of May, the prohibition upon both parties not to hold courts being renewed.°® On May 5th nothing appears, and although the Acts of the Lords of Council have been searched on to the middle of 1514, nothing further is heard of the matter. That we should not be able to produce a definite decision is much to be regretted, but what finally took place need not be in doubt. — It is obvious that the Crown supported the claims of the burgh, and when the town obtained its next charter (from James VI. in 1621) we find included definitely within its rights, ‘‘ In remembrance of the cair and paines taken be the saids provost and bailzies of the said burgh of Drumfress in repressing and abandoning all kinds of theft reif and oppressione and other crymes which usuallie fell out in these parts of old to them and their successors for ever the heretable office of Sherefship and cronnarie within the said burgh,’’ the provost 56 MS. Acta Dom., Vol. XXII., fol. 96 et seq. 57 Op. cit., Vol. XXII., fol. 99. 58 Op. cit., Vol., XXII., fol. 100; vide Appendix: VII. 100 Tue Rar at DUMFRIES ON LAMMAS EVEN. being created sheriff and the bailies sheriff-deputes, with full powers to hold courts, appoint clerks, serjeants and demp- stars, and to fine and poind delinquents.5? Modern legis- lation has altered and exactly defined the powers of the Provost and magistrates with regard to criminal matters,® but the status of a Provost, holding also powers of Sheriff- ship, in administrative affairs, such as the making of Royal Proclamations, does not appear to be at all clear. Blood has been shed in many worse causes than this which we have fortunately so little reason to appreciate now. Exactly how cases of assault were dealt with during the years of interdict by the Lords of Council is not clear, and we have no Burgh Court books for the period. From 1519 to 1537, for which period we have records, the burgh deals with cases of assault as it had previously done. We need only cite three cases :-— . January 17, 1519-20—‘‘ The samin daye George Sinklar is amerciamet of this cort for the wrangwss strikin of fiinlaye rechaine, dovm gevin be Jon Welche, and is ordanit to remane xxtiij houris in the tolbuycht for the trubill of the toun.”’ Last of February, 1519-20—‘‘ The samin daye Esbell Kaye hais previt lauchfully efter the tennor of ane act maid of befor that will of Kirk straik hyr wrangeosly and aganis the law and the said will is in amerciamet of this, dovm geffin be bristel lovre, the alderman and ballies ordanis the 59 Copy in the vernacular, Burgh Charter Room. 60 The reduction of the criminal jurisdiction of Royal Burghs has been a gradual one, not effected by direct legislation but by practice. The Jurisdiction Act, 20 George II., c. 48, specially pro- vided that any competent jurisdiction should be retained. An order of the Court of Justiciary (March 17th, 1827) regulated the conduct of proceedings against offenders, the technical formalities of which had the effect of diminishing the number of such trials and of accelerating their transference to the Sheriff. From these causes it is stated, in 1835, that ‘‘in practice burghal jurisdiction in criminal matters has nearly ceased to exist.’? (General Report of the Commissioners appointed to enquire into the State of Muni- cipal Corporations in Scotland, 1835, pp. 55, 67-8.) The Summary Procedure Act of 1867, by limiting the penalties that might be im- posed by magistrates, exactly defined their jurisdiction, and cases of serious assault now go before the Sheriff. THE Rarp at DuMFRIES ON LAMMAS EVEN. 101 said Will to be expellit out of the toun failzeand therof that he that settis hym ony houss to paye to the said Esbell Kaye x ss and the said Wilzeam to be put xxiiij houris in the stokkis.”’ It is possible that these two cases were not of the aggra- vated nature of bluidwyts, though the severity of the punish- ments would indicate otherwise. It must be remembered that the magistrates might easily try and inflict punishment in such cases, being careful only to avoid reference to blood having been shed. For a definitely recorded case of blood- wit we must pass on to 23rd October, 1533: ‘‘ Quo die the inquest ordainis thom m’brayr to pay Johne howchaine for the drawin of the said Johneis blude v ss of money wtin term of law and the said thom is in amerciamet of the cort for the samin, dwme gevin be Watte Govrlaw.”’ We may note, without prejudice, that cases of serious riot, assault, and even murder within the burgh become very much more common after the Reformation. There was cause enough for the unsatis{actory dropping of the case before the Lords of Council. Larger issues were at stake and demanded their attention. Flodden, that dearly won victory on behalf of France, totally altered the aspect of affairs in Scotland. Directly, too, the case was affected by Flodden, for among those slain about their iron-belted King were Lord Maxwell and Lord Crichton,® and on the follow- ing day Sir William Douglas of Drumlanrig died “ field of war.’’8 Nicholas M‘Brair and John Fergusson of Craigdarroch® also disappear about this time; we know not if they too met their deaths on the same disastrous field. on the 61 Based upon the English Flodden Gazette, where he appears as ‘‘le conte de Lancar.”’ 62 Fifteenth Rep. Hist. MSS. Com., VUI., 14, 63 “Thomas ffergusson son and air to John ffergusson is Infeft in Jerburgh, etc., Novr. 6, 1514, in the 3rd year of Pope Leo X. He obtained a Charter from Rob, Lord Crichton of Sanqr, Lord of the Barronie of Crawfordton to Jerburgh, etc., pro suis gratitu- dinibus bene meretis mihi multipliciter impressis, dated May 14, 1508.”’ (MS. History of Dumfriesshire, by Rev. Peter Rae of Kirk- bride and Kirkconnel.) 102 THe Raw at DuMrrRies ON LAMMAS EVEN. Such, as far as we can gather, was the Raid of Lammas Even, its cause and its conclusions. In writing this paper I have been greatly assisted in the transcribing and translating of the Latin documents by Mr Peter Marshall, M.A., who has my grateful acknowledg-. ments. APPENDIX I. THE BURGH AND THE SHERIFF The act is as follows: 27 April, 1536. ‘‘ The inquess deliueris and ordanis that geif it beis fundin in tyme cumin that ony ny¢hbor induellar fre or wntre callit ane wyther afoir the Sheriff for ony actione quhill thai be denyit justice be the oursmen that the saids compleinaris be expellit the tone for the space of ane zeir and not to occupy na pert of the fredom induring the said zeir.” In 1625 an action was heard by the Town Council, in which William Cartna accused John Marjoribanks of having summoned him before the Sheriff. This Marjoribanks denied and took oath, Cartna being fined for the slander: 13 June, 1525. ‘‘The samyn daye Johne Maxwell off Carnesellocht forspekar for Wille cartna in jugement accusit John meriorebanks that he suld haif causit the shereff officher till ateche the said Wille cartna to the Shereff cort and that he was thair vnlawit at the said Johne meriorebanks challace for falt of comperance off the qlk causing of ateching be the shereff officher forsaid the said Johne meriorebanks alluterly deniyit and_ oblist hym faithfully in presence of the alderman and ballies till pay the said Wille cartna vnlaw to the shereff the said Wille cartna makand oppinly kennyt and knawin that the said Johne meriorebanks causit the shereff officher forsaid to ateche hym to his challace to the said shereff cort. The samin day Johne meriorebanks deferrit till Wille cartna hands eff the shereff officher atechit him to the said Johne challace to the shereff cort or not the qlk the said Wille refusit and deferrit to the said Johne meriorebanks hands of the quhilk the said Johne maid faitht in jugement befor the alderman and balleis that he causit nocht Wille cartna to be atechit be the shereff officher to the sheref cort till his challace and the said Wille cartna is in amerciamet of the cort for the wranguss folloving of the samin, dovm gevin be John m‘brar.”’ ; APPENDIX II. BURGH BUNDARY AT DALSCONE AND BROUNRIG. This affair must have caused disturbances for a considerable period. On 23rd Feb., 1483, we find Herbert M‘Braar pursuing William Maxwell, brother to George Maxwell of Carnesalloch, ‘“ for THE Rarip At DUMFRIES ON LAMMAS EVEN. 103 the wranewis spoliation and awaytaking of v oxin and ky out of the lands of Durresquen [Dalscone] fra the tennants duelling on the samyn.”? (Acta Auditorum.) The following is a transcription of the Decree of the Arbitrators from the original m the Burgh Charter Room, Dumfries. **Decreet of perambulatione anent the Lands of Brounrig betuixt the toun of Drumfries and the Laird of Carnsalloch,” dated llth January, 1518/19. Seals awanting. At Drumfress the alevin day of the moneth of Januar In the zeir of god ane thovsand fyve hundreth and achteine zeris We Johne charteris of amisfeld and Williame Maxwel broder of vmquhile ane honorable man Edward maxwel of tynwald and tutor of Edward maxwell his sone and are, Jugis arbitors and amable compositors chosin for the part of ane honorable man Johne maxwell of carnesallach; and John carruthers of holmends and John rig balze that tyme of the burgh of Drumfress, Juges arbitors and amable compositors chosin for the part of the hale communite of the said burgh of Drumfress, and robert Lord maxwell commonly chosin oursman; Sir Thomas | M Vellan,, father) ot) the) iinsteeleond Kirkcudbright, in 1582, and it is very significant indeed that, five years previous to this, on 19th March, 1577, Sir Thomas received a grant of the Castledykes from the burgh. There can be little doubt that the local tradition that the present castle was partly built from the ruins of the ancient King’s Castle is correct, and helps to explain in some measure the different kinds of architecture to be met with in the former building. The burgh must have resumed possession of the lands, and they were not finally alienated till the beginning of the nineteenth century, when the burgh exchanged these lands, reserving a right-of-way through them, for the lands bordering the river to the north of the railway station— Stirling Acres, Milnflats, Milncroft, and Claycroft—belonging to the Earl of Selkirk. Regarding the extent of the castle lands, it is difficult to state what it was, but, roughly speak- ing, it would include the ground between the town and a line drawn from Great Cross to about the head of the Sandside Bay. In conclusion, I wish to tender my best thanks to Captain Hope for all his generosity in connection with the excavations. Not only did he give the necessary permission for the ground to be opened up, but he enclosed the site, and provided the workmen for the carrying through of the operations, often at -great inconvenience when there was a press of estate work. Outer Bailey o to v < 4 Qa > o x 9 Litest tiie! eas = Se & ° w& GrRounp PLAN. oF THE Kina’s CASTLE OF KIRKCUDBRIGHT. Drawn by N. M. Harley and J. Robison. Reproduced by permission ot the Directors of the Stewartry Museum See page 119 for dimensions. EXCAVATIONS AT KIRKCUDBRIGHT CASTLE. 121 He has all along been most public spirited, and assisted in every possible manner in getting information bearing upon the question, and had the charter by the burgh to Sir Thomas M‘Lellan translated. He has set an example which might very well be followed by other proprietors who have monu- ments of antiquity on their estates. [On the motion of the Chairman, the Society passed a vote of thanks to Captain Hope for his generous assistance in the valuable archeological work above recorded. | White Quartz Pebbles and their Archeological Significance. By Nona LEBOUR. Some few years ago, my attention was called, in the first instance by the Rev. R. Gatty, to the frequent finding of rings or belts of white quartz pebbles on the sandhills of Mid Torrs, Glenluce. I was told that a man employed regularly by an antiquary in Glasgow to look for urns, implements, necklaces, etc., stated that he always searched for a ring of white stones, and if he dug within this zone, found articles of the above nature. The pebbles were of quartz, and must have been brought from the sea-shore more than a mile dis- tant. Some of the rings included much larger white pebbles than others, and these had evidently been placed there as orna- ments, and as a reminder of the place of interment. It isa curious fact, as Mr Gatty pointed out to me, that the white quartz pebbles give out a bright spark when struck together, and even when struck under water the light emitted is almost better. Last summer I visited a spot, about two miles south from Dunragit Station, where many urns have been found, and although the actual rings of stones were gone, there were a great number of the white pebbles still to be seen. In many burial places, large stones form a cist in which the urns with ashes and calcined bones are placed, but in the case of those burial places on the Torrs Sand-Hills, large stones are only to be found beyond the Piltanton Burn which ‘is some distance off, so that the Bronze Age men had to make 122; WHITE QuaRTz PEBBLES. the smaller white stones serve the purpose of indicating the spot -where the remains of their dead were laid, and it seems. almost certain that they-chose these particular white quartz pebbles for some symbolic reason upon which I am anxious to throw some light. While staying last September at Glenluce, I found in the library there, the Avrcha@ological and Historical Collections Relating to Ayrshire and Galloway, which contain most inter- esting papers by the late Rev. George Wilson, minister of the Free Church at Glenluce, an ardent antiquary and one greatly beloved and respected in the district. They relate to his finds at Mid Torrs, and to those who have not already come across the papers, it may be interesting to hear what he says. But first I should like to say that in addition to the white quartz pebbles being found outside, and round the burial places already alluded to, they have actually been found inside the urns there. They have been similarly found in other places, in Scotland, England, Ireland, the Isle of Man, and in foreign countries, both in urns of the Bronze Age, and in cists of the Stone Age with skeletons in a contracted position. Mr Wilson says that ‘‘ On a sandy knoll, three or four feet above the level of a flat marshy moor, two hundred yards east of Knockencrunge (a large sand-hill at Mid Torrs),. urns have been found. Heather and herbage have been gradually killed by the drifting sand which has been moving” much more since the great storms of wind in 1883, and the moory soil has been blown away till the upper parts of these urns have been exposed to the weather—in such a situation, the frost is very destructive to urns, so that the exposed parts have quite disappeared. The urns were interred in a circular space enclosed by a ring or belt of gravel about three feet broad and twenty-seven feet in diameter, which might have been originally narrower before the sand began to blow. The gravel consists chiefly of water-worn pebbles of grey Silurian. sandstone, such as one finds covering the raised sea-beaches among the sand-hills. But mixed with them there are many white quartz pebbles, and some reddish ones. The white ones must have been collected intentionally to form a kind of orna- ment to this burying-ground, for they catch the eye at once, WHITE QuaRTz PEBBLES. 123 and there are more of them in this belt than one could find in a whole day’s walk along the sands. Perhaps this belt of gravel represents a ring of bigger stones, for no large stones are to be found within a distance of more than a mile, and that across the River Piltanton. The contents of both urns were very interesting, and consisted of black ashes, mixed with calcined bones adhering closely to the bottom and sides. Upon and in the moss there were lying close together a little heap of water-worn white quartz pebbles about the size of a pigeon’s egg. That part of the find seems to give a little confirmation connected with my finding of three small pebbles under the Bankfield urn.’’* Last August an account was given in the newspapers of a pre-historic find at Burgie near Forres, consisting of well- preserved human remains in a Short Cist, by Mr C. M. Bruce of Burgie Lodge Farm, which on scientific examination by Professor Reid of Aberdeen and others, was estimated to be from 4006 to 5000 years old. Seeing that pebbles had been discovered in the cist, the find became doubly interesting to- me, and I wrote to Mr Bruce asking him if he would kindly tell me the colour of the pebbles and how they were distri- buted. I received a very kind answer to my letter, in which he told me that ‘‘ the pebbles were studded throughout the entire bed of the cist rather openly. They seem just to have been pushed into the fine sand, but not buried in it. They were closer together under the head of the skeleton, almost touching each other. The pebbles were common to the upper deposit in which the cist lay. Many of them are felspathic, few granite, few quartzite, fewer brown yellowish quartz. Below the head were a few white quartz pebbles brought presumably from the sea-side four or five miles distant. The white quartz were small, about the size of pigeons’ to hens’ eggs.’”’ We have here an example of the white quartz pebbles in a cist with a skeleton, and numerous other instances will be pointed out later on. But we must return to the Rev. George Wilson’s account of the urns found in the Torrs sand-hills. * Archeological and Historical Collections Relating to Ayrshire and Galloway, Vol. VI., p. 94. 124 WHITE QUARTZ PEBBLES. He says :—‘‘ Most of the fifteen described are in the National Museum of Antiquities in Edinburgh, No. 6 was 29 inches. deep, inverted on a rough stone underneath, it covered many calcined bones mixed with black ashes; three small pebbles, . two of them quartz, may have got accidentally mixed with the bones and ashes, but I sent them to the Museum and. recorded their presence in my notes read before the Society. of Antiquaries of Scotland, because small pebbles are wor- shipped in India and the Figi Islands, and they appear to have been worshipped in Palestine long ago :—Isaiah 57, v. 6. ‘Among the smooth stones of the stream is thy portion, they, they are thy lot : even to them hast thou poured a drink offering, thou hast offered a meat offering.’ Since I made that observation I have seen another inter- ment where the presence of white quartz pebbles could not be accidental.’’* Sir Arthur Mitchell expressed the same opinion as Mr Wilson in his paper, ‘‘ On the occurrence of white’ pebbles in graves of the Stone and Bronze Age.’’t When a cairn was opened at Ach-na-Cree, on entering the innermost chamber, the first thing that struck the eye was a row of quartz pebbles, larger than a walnut, arranged on the ledge of the lower granite block on the east side. Dr R. Angus Smith describes them thus :—‘‘ When we looked into the dark chamber from the outside they shone as if illumin- ated, showing how clean they had remained.’’ In the loose soil above the natural surface of the ground there was an urn with a white pebble in it like those just referred to. In the outermost of the three chambers in this cairn there were also found six white quartz pebbles, arranged on a ledge, four in one part, and two a little separate, and in the urn found in the chamber, were three white pebbles. { Near Crinan, in 1865, Canon Greenwell made a careful * Archeological and Historical Collections Relating to Ayrshire and Galloway, 1889, Vol. VI., p. 92. + Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland, Vol. 18, p. 286. i “ Deseriptive List of Antiquities near Loch Etive.’ Trans. Soc. Antiq. of Scot., Vol. IX., p. 412-4. Waite Quartz PEBBLES. 125 examination of a large chambered cairn on Largie Farm, and found in the South compartment great numbers of quartz pebbles purposely broken, and he says :—*‘ The number of quartz pebbles purposely broken was very great, and they must have been placed there with some intention. and were probably possessed of a symbolical meaning.’’ Four miles from Inveraray, at the village of Ach-na-goul, there is a large oval-formed cairn 130 feet long by 30 feet broad. This sepulchral tumulus gives the name to the place—Ach-na-goul —the field of the Gauls to bury in. The burials there were in rows lengthwise and in cists, and excavation laid bare ch>ombers and passages 70 feet long from North to South. In some cists charcoal was found, an evidence of cremation, and in the eastern chamber there was no sign of burial, as if it had been set apart for religious rites. In one of the chambers a conical stone of white quartz was found exactly like one described by Mr Phene at Letcombe Castle, Berks, while another example was found at Maiden Castle, near Weymouth, each in connexion with human remains.* At Inveraray there is an old burial-ground called Kil- mahew or Kilmaduff. Eight graves there had white quartz pebbles on them varying in size from a walnut to that of the fist, eight to twelve in number, some water-worn or rounded. Trey were placed irregularly in groups on the grave itself, or in a line along the bottom of the stone at the head of the grave. An old fisherman said that as long as_ he could remember it was a custom in Inveraray to place white stones on the graves of friends. | He did not know if it pertained in other districts, and he did not think it was done with any definite meaning. It was just a practice. Sir Arthur Mitchell heard that this old man’s daughter had put white stones on the grave of her mother, and he asks, *‘ For what reason could these stones have been put in graves or in urns ?’’ He suggests firstly that perhaps it was because they looked pretty, and secondly that a possible symbolism may easily be imagined. For instance, from the fact that a spark * Rev. A. Scott, Celts and Druids, 1897, .p. 107. 126 WHITE Quartz PEBBLES. can be obtained from a quartz stone a symbol may easily enough have been evolved. This quality of the stones chosen for burial with the dead appears to have been desiderated, if we may conclude so from the fact that flint flakes seem some- times to have taken the place of them, while at other times flints appear to have been associated with white quartz peb- bles as in the Stone Age cairn burials in Argyleshire and elsewhere. The whiteness of the quartz stones again would become symbolic, and there may possibly have been some custom among our pagan ancestors.*. Dr John Evans, the great authority on Stone and Bronze Age discoveries, has much to say on the subject, and he tells us in his famous book on Ancient Stone Implements in Great Britain that “‘ pebbles selected for their beauty or some singularity of appearance, were very frequently accompaniments of ancient interments. 4 .”’ After mentioning curious pebbles of different colours in barrows of Wiltshire close to the skeletons found in them, and one specially beautiful pink one at Breedon, near Leicester, under similar conditions, he goes on to’ say that ‘‘ quartz pebbles are very frequently found with ancient burials, Mr Bateman, author of Zen Years Digging, records that near Hartington, Derbyshire, eighty quartz pebbles were found in a grave. Sometimes the pebble was actually placed in the hand of the deceased as at Alsopp, and in several urns one quartz pebble was found in or near urns with burnt bones, and also with the remains of children or young persons one quartz pebble lay beside the skeletons.’’ Rock crystal sometimes takes the place of white quartz pebbles, and in Stronsay, Orkney, this was found in a cist, and was possibly a charm or amulet. In Italy a piece of crystal is used as an amulet to protect the eye sight. In Scotland we hear of balls of crystal that served as a protection against the evil eye, and were dipped in water which was given to the cattle to drink. Balls of crystal also are frequently set in cross bands and are treasured in many families as victory stones. In India, next to the value of a stone as a pledge of victory in battle would stand its capacity to ensure to its possessor the fulfilment of his prayers addressed to the immortal gods, the idea being * Sir Arthur Mitehell, Proc. Soc. Ant. Scot., Vol. 18, p. 290. WHITE QuaRtTz PEBBLES. “127 that the gods cannot resist the spell of the influence of ‘crystal or agate which is closely allied to it. Only let a man go into a temple with a crystal in his hand, and none of the immortals will refuse to hear his prayers.* Many rock crystals have been found in the cists of the Ancient Britons of Caithness. Some think they are similar to the Bateyli offerings to the Sun, but these were invariably white stones. It may not be amiss to remind readers of this paper of the exact meaning of the terms Quartz and Quartzite. Quartz is Silica in its crystalline condition and a mineral. When quite clear and colourless it is rock crystal. | Quartzite is a rock, not a mineral, made up of fragments of quartz, which, by meta- morphism, have become welded or bound together so that their individual boundaries are no longer visible unless examined by polarised light. In Penmynydd Churchyard, Anglesea, numerous skele- tons were found with a white pebble of the size of a hen’s egg near each. The bodies were close to the surface, with here and there a thin layer of lime over the body. No trace of a coffin could be seen. At the south end of the Chancel Arch a heap of the same white pebbles was discovered, each about the size of a moderate potato. The symbolism of a white pebble as representing happiness or a happy day, was widely known. The ‘‘Calculi Candore laudatus dies’’ was not confined to the Romans, but known among the Thracians.t The black balls used at ballots of the present day carry us ‘back to the times when it was the ancient custom to acquit or condemn accused persons by means of white and_ black stones—by the white ones they were absolved from guilt, by the black ones they were condemned. To return to the find- ing of white quartz pebbles in cists or urns in these islands, we may mention that in Sligo, where in pre-historic times * Cornhill Magazine. ‘‘ Myths of the precious stones.”’ N.S., Vol. I. (1883). + It is interesting to note here, that ‘according to their earliest records, the Picts of the British Isles claim a Thracian origin. Herodotus tells that the nobles of the Agathyrsi tattooed themselves, and the claim of the Picts to be Agathyrsi is on record and shows their acquaintance with Thracian tradition.’”?’ Dr R. C. Maclagan, Our Ancestors, 1913, p. 371. 128 WHITE QUARTZ PEBBLES. the same race as that inhabiting Galloway spread over the whole of Ireland, there have been found in nearly every Stone Age interment, fragments of white, smooth water-worn quartz pebbles, and the fact serves to identify the remains as. belonging to a very ancient period of interment.* In Lag- my-Boiragh, Isle of Man, there was found a circle of eighteen graves arranged in sets of three. Remains of cinerary urns. were discovered in them. About two feet from the surface was the floor of the graves, composed of flat slabs of various: sizes, and under these slabs were found the broken urns, charcoal fragments, bones, black oily earth, several flint arrow heads, scrapers, knives, etc. Near the floor of the grave was found also’ a number of rounded white quartz stones evidently brought from the sea-shorey It has been stated elsewhere that the fishermen in the Isle of Man have a strong prejudice against having a white stone in a fishing boat, even as ballast. Sir John Rhys thinks it probable that as the Manx folk once decorated their graves with white stones, the feeling of repugnance is so far accounted for. This. custom is also mentioned by the Rev. Walter Gregor as being usual with fishermen on the North East Coast of Scotland. In the South West of Scotland, a custom quite the reverse from this prevails among the fishermen in the Kirkmaiden district, Mull of Galloway. To ensure luck at the fishing they carry white stones in their boats.{ In some notes on Barrows of Derbyshire by Mr Rooke-Pennington in 1877, he thinks that no reasonable man can doubt the practice of depositing articles of value in graves has some sort of religi- ous foundation, and that these white quartz pebbles were looked upon with feelings of reverence. A great quantity of white quartz pebbles were found in 1883 in various old tombs in the Isle of Cumbrae, also they were found in most of the old graves excavated about that time in the neighbourhood * “ Rude Stone Monuments of Sligo.’’ Archeological Review, August, 1899, p. 379. t Report of the British Association, Nottingham, 1893, Section H, p. 902. t Rev. Walter Gregor. Report to British Association, 1897, p. 487. “- : WHITE Quartz PEBBLES. 129 of Dundee. So frequent indeed was their presence in the latter place that it was common for the workmen to say when excavating, ‘‘ Here are the two stonts, now we will get the bones.* Miss Gordon Cumming says that ‘‘ akin to these white quartz pebbles in their symbolical connexion with the rel'gious and funeral rites of our ancestors, are the conical masses of white quartz found entombed with human remains in tumuli at Inveraray, Dundee, Letcombe Castle in Berk- shire, and Maiden Castle near Weymouth, which are pre- cisely similar to those found in excavations at Nineveh (now to be seen in the British Museum) with this exception that on the latter are carved representations of serpents, and of the Sun and Moon.’’* Dr Charles Rogers states that ‘‘ In the east a small round pebble was worshipped as a symbol of the sun. By the Druids a water-worn crystal of oval shape was worn round the neck; it was styled glan-nathair, or the adder-cleanser. Rain water, in which it was dipped, was held to possess the power of healing and was with this intent sprinkled among the sickly. At Burghead the smooth white pebbles to the number of five or seven, but never more, have been found on the graves under the fallen ramparts, arranged in crosses.{ The white quartz pebbles were called Godstones in Ireland and were placed in Irish graves within recent times, and the belief in the virtue of selected pebbles was of an enduring kind. As Sir Arthur Mitchell observed in his paper before mentioned, it was a custom which has been handed down uninterruptedly from the Stone Age until now. It is chiefly by comparing the customs of other countries tha: light can be shed on the meanings of those in our own, and in order to do this we may now perhaps consider briefly the uses to which white quartz pebbles or crystals were put amongst savages. The Tasmanians hung them round their necks to prevent being bewitched, and when a youth grew up * C. F. Gordon Cumming, In the Hebrides, 1901, p. 456. + Charles Rogers, Social Life in Scotland, 1884, Vol. I., p. 19. t Sir L. Gomme, Presidential Address to the Folk Lore Society, 1893. 130 WHITE QuaRTz PEBBLES. +o manhood he was given a white stone which might never be shown to women or it would be fatal. | For making rain the custom was to select a young girl, a vein in her wrist was ‘opened from which a pint of blood was taken. The black doctor had with him a quantity of water-washed crystalised white pebbles. | One of these was steeped in the blood for ‘some time, then all was tied in pieces of bark and consigned to one of the deep water-holes in which the Blacks believed that Nutchie, better known as the “‘ devil-devil,’’ existed. After this, rain might be certainly expected. It may here also be mentioned that crystal-gazing was known to the Tasmanians. The Australians’ Coradgee Stone was care- fully wrapped up and concealed in the hair, and it was fatal for a woman to see it; it was usually a clear quartz crystal, sometimes a white stone. In Melanesia there is a curious custom when a man dies. A speech is made to him, in which he is entrusted with messages for others departed (as his ghost has not yet left the village) and he is instructed to bear all the news of the place, and told who is to share the dainties of the funeral feast in the land he is going to. Five days after, the ghost is made to understand that it is high time he was off. Two of his friends take up their positions in his house, a white stone in each hand which they clack together till the ghost gets so worried by the noise that he ' passes out.* In far distant lands we still come upon traces of the superstition about white pebbles. The wife of a missionary told me that when her husband was working among the Gonds she went to see a native funeral and was surprised to see the mourners throwing pebbles into the grave. D- W. F. Cumming said that he found several graves strewn with white pebbles near the temple of Deir, the capital of Nubia, above the second cataract of the Nile. ““In Guatemala they placed polished stones in the mouth of the dying to supply a permanent abode for the soul. In New South Wales the blacks gave each novitiate at manhood ceremonials a white stone or quartz crystal as an * Florence Coombe, Many Sided Melanesia, 1911. WHITE Quartz PEBBLES. 131 accompaniment to his new name, the women being forbidden to look at it on pain of death.’’* It would be well to consider the uses that white quartz pebbles were put to in Britain in olden times, for they are very numerous as well as curious, and foremost among them we would place curative or magic stones. I think the most remarkable instance of this practice is that in which St Columba figures so conspicuously with Broichan the Druid, who refused to set free a little Irish bond maid for the sake of humanity, and St Columba threatened him with a speedy death if he persisted in his conduct, ‘‘ And saying this in the presence of Brude the King, and going forth from the royal dwelling, he comes to the river Ness, from which river, taking white stones he says to his companions, ‘ Note well this white stone by which the Lord will effect many cures among his heathen people.’ Broichan being stricken, gasping, feeble, sobbing, and nearly dead, was ready to set the little maid free, and the stone blessed by the Saint, was dipped in water, and Broichan drinking from it, on which the stone floated like an apple or a nut, returned at once from imminent death, and recovered perfect health of body. This remarkable stone, afterwards preserved among the King’s treasures, swimming in the same way in the water in which it was dipped, effected through God’s mercy many cures of sickness among the people.’’+ The Highlanders to-day cherish similar -cure-stones. They are considered as precious heir-looms, and kept carefully wrapped up in the choicest and most ex- pensive cloths. Moreover, one way of using them is to make the patient drink the water in which they have been dipped, just as St. Columba used to do in his miraculous cures. This custom applies to cattle as well as to human ‘beings and its efficacy is firmly believed in. A few years ago there were dug up in a garden about eleven miles from Darlington three charm stones, one of which was of white quartzite, and all of them were pierced as * Survival of Beliefs Among the Celts (George Henderson), p. 203. + Adamnan, Life of St. Columba; 2nd Book, Huyshe’s Trans- lation, chap. 33. 132 WHITE: QuARTZ ‘PEBBLES. if for suspension round the neck. One of them bore strong evidence of having been carried on the person, one side was so smooth and partially polished as to justify the belief that this condition was the result of habitual rubbing against the body of its wearer such as would occur if suspended round the neck.* Speaking of stones of the white quartz type used as a charm or amulet, there occurs the following information about the Clach na Brataich or ‘‘ Stone of the Banner.’’ It had been in the possession of the chiefs of Clan Donnachaidh since 1315, when the then chief, going to join Bruce’s army before Bannockburn found something glittering in a clod of earth hanging to his flag-staff. The stone in question is a globular mass of rock-crystal artificially polished, an inch and. three-quarters in diameter. It is, so to say, the luck of Clan Donnachaidh, and if dipped in water by the chief, the owner, the water cures all manner of disease.t There is a tradition that this stone was the one used by St. Columba. It 1s. thought, says Dr R. C. Maclagan in his book Our Ancestors, lately published, that it is the Moon which is represented by the round dipping stones of rock-crystal, when used for curative purposes, and more especially for those who were insane. At Strathfillan, where the pool of St. Fillan is, it was thought sufficient to duck the insane in it, as the Moon can be seen in the water. Ancient British graves that are identified as those of women invariably contain one bead, if not several. Some- times there is one large bead of white quartz. Italian women who wish their infants to thrive wear a lump of white stone attached to their stays. This is mostly of white agate, a kind of silica that has the appearance of milk diluted with water. It is pelea the same as ae galactitus (milkstone) of Pliny. ' ; Having cited examples of the numerous ‘discoveries of * Ed. Wooler, F.S.A., Dee On - Lucky Stonea7: Proc. S. Antiquaries, Neweastle: -upon-Tyne, Ser. 3, Vol. II., p. 240. t Proceedings of the Society of Antiqua T1es of Scotland, 1860-1, Vol. IV., Part I., p. 219. tL. eeeeeteis. European Amulets. . Read before the inter ee Congress of Religions, Oxford, 1898. Waite Quartz PEBBLES, 133 white quartz pebbles and other stones akin to them in graves in various parts of the world, and their various uses in all sorts of other conditions, it would perhaps be interesting to suggest the conclusions we may come to, as to the possible reasons for the great. reverence paid to them and their apparent value. We have the evidence and opinion of some of the foremost of our antiquaries, but no one seems to be really certain of the purpose for which these stones were employed, so that I think we may venture to make a guess as to their probable use, and it would be very valuable if any one in Galloway who has met with, or heard of the find of any of these white quartz pebbles in cists or urns and who should hear or read this paper, would make the discovery known, so that all information on this most interesting sub- ject may be gathered together. I like to think, as Mr Gatty suggested to me, that the sparks which the quartz pebbles emitted in the dark, gave the idea to our far-away ancestors, of something which might illuminate the gloom of the grave, and light them to their future life. As we know that white pebbles in the cist at Burgie were found under the head of the skeleton, might we not almost say they were under the man’s pillow as being most handy for him to strike a light quickly. Then again, as all the necessary things in life for his daily existence were invariably placed in the tomb beside the departed relative or friend, so that he might continue in a future life to use the same implements, would it not be natural to suppose that what he used for making a light in his dwelling on earth, should be provided for his use in another world? These stones also may have been used as cure-stones both for his family and friends, as well as for his herds of cattle. A requisite in his every-day life at home, he may have believed that the one to come was only a continuation of this one, and everything needed here would be just as necessary hereafter. So too if he believed that they were able to frighten demons away, he would require a goodly number of these charm stones. Or if, as in the verse, Revelation 2, v. 17, so often suggested, the white stone was regarded as a token of having fought and overcome, here 134 WHITE QuarRTz PEBBLES. indeed was the sign, sometimes found clenched tightly in the skeleton hand, an emblem of purity and justification, and of misdeeds wiped out. Also if, as in Palestine of old, as Isaiah tells us, smooth stones from the brook were wor- shipped, and offerings made to them, it would seem as if the pagan people thought the stones contained the spirit of their gods. For in fact, as Dr Marett says, speaking of the way stones at all curious in shape, position, size, or colour would seem specially designed by nature to appeal to primitive man’s supernaturalistic tendency, that they would be invested by his imagination with the vague but dreadful attributes of Powers, ranging from the vaguest semi-conscious belief in their luckiness, onwards to the distinct animistic con- ception of them as the home of spirits of the dead or un- born, or as the image and visible presence of a god,* and, in such a case, the dearest wish of the departed would be to take them with them, deposited by their nearest relatives in their burial-places, close to, or under the bodies. It is evident that these stones were considered as most sacred, and reverenced accordingly ; in some cases they were looked upon as endowed with magical qualities, and the future was constantly foretold by their use. Therefore, combined with all the other reasons as to their utility in a future life, perhaps the chief one may have been the idea of a passport after purification by death, to a life beyond, a tradition of which persisted through all the centuries before the Christian era, and was present in the mind of the Apostle John when he wrote down the well- known words, ‘“‘ To him that overcometh . . . I will give a white stone, and in the stone a new name written, which no man knoweth save he that receiveth it.’’ * Paper read before the Folk Lore Society, November 15th, 1899; Folklore, vol. XI., p. 174. BIRDS THAT ARE LAND AND WATER FEEDERS. 135 13th February, 1914. Chairman—Dr Witu1am Sempte, M.A., B.Sc., Ph.D. Birds that are Land and Water Feeders. By Witson H. ArMISTEAD. As you look from a railway carriage window while the train passes through an agricultural district you will see, as field after field comes into view, large numbers of birds of various kinds. These fields are cultivated by man with a view to supplying the necessities of life. Man feeds off the pro- duce of the fields, so do the birds. It is scarcely to be won- dered at that one should enquire whether the foraging of the birds is beneficial, harmful, or neutral to the interests of man. It is foolish to dismiss this problem with the remark—‘‘ Oh,. there is plenty for both.’’ As a matter of fact there is not. If the commoner kinds of birds, numbered in hundreds of thousands, are taking toll off man’s food and rendering no service, or only a very slight one, in return, something must be done. Certain kinds of birds are rapidly increasing— much more rapidly than the casual observer has any idea of. Our population is also increasing, and long ago the land of this country ceased to provide sufficient for our needs. Every cultivated acre is of importance—increasing importance. Is it any wonder, then, that we ask what these birds are costing us? Here is a simple calculation illustrating what I mean. if a rook takes 3 oz. of food a day, too birds will consume 18? lbs. a day, 121 lbs. a week, and within a pound or two of 7 cwt. a year. -Now, the question is—What is that food? Is it a loss to the community, or is it beneficial to the land? Is it both? and, if so, is the loss greater than the gain? However, I am not concerned with rooks to-night. I want to put before you some notes regarding the feeding habits of the gulls. Have you ever been down on the sea shore on an afternoon when the gulls are flying seaward, and watched the seemingly endless procession sailing down the valleys? On fine days you may see them high in the air, with the horizontal rays of the afternoon sun gleaming on 136 BirDS THAT ARE LAND AND WATER FEEDERS. their white bodies. When the wind blows strongly they fly lower, and if battling against a gale they twist and turn and teat to windward much as will a fore and aft sailing craft. For perhaps an hour the procession lasts, with scarcely a break. The flocks—z2o0, 50, or 100—follow each other closely, all keeping to established lines of flight, which are probably the same to-day as they were when Dumfries first became a town. Not only down the valley of the Nith does this daily flight occur, but down every valley leading to the sea, and where the land is flat there are still immemorial flight lines used by these birds. The afternoon flight is probably known to everyone who knows the shore, but it may be pointed out that each morning at daylight the same procession may be seen, but wending its way inland instead of seawards. This huge army invades the land daily and its object is food. That is to say, that the land is feeding many, many hungry mouths besides what it must yield to man. Later I will go into details, but just now I want you to realise that if - 100 birds consuming 3 oz. of food a day (estimated) consume within a few pounds of seven hundredweights in a year, the gulls of Dumfries and Galloway must take some hundreds of tons of food ina year. Please note that this is only the gulls. If you consider the other birds and creatures feeding off the land, you may be inclined to ask whether, after all, man gets the larger share. Perhaps you will say—‘‘ Yes, this is all very well, but do not forget that a great part of this food is of no value to man; and more than that, it is to man’s advantage that much of it is consumed.’’ I have not forgotten. That is precisely what I wish to go into, but before doing so I wish to point out that this hungry army of birds (not gulls only) is very rapidly increasing. There are two good reasons for this : (1) Protective legislation, and (2) the almost total destruction of predatory birds, as a result of game preservation. Now to the food question : First, I must ask you to clear your mind of the established ideas, because these are in many cases incorrect; and, further, what was true thirty years ago BIRDS THAT ARE LAND AND WATER FEEDERS. 137 is no longer true to-day. There is no doubt whatever that the feeding habits of very many birds have changed and are changing. This is apparently due to necessity. Increased numbers means a decrease in the supply and a keener com- petition. In many directions, too, there are increased oppor- tunities for the procuring of good food that has not hitherto formed part of the normal diet. Hunger, that greatest of all the compelling forces which have influenced creatures possessed of a brain, has driven many kinds of birds to experi- ment with other foods. Many species that in the past have not been known to compete with man for the products of the earth are now known to do so. In illustration of this point I may mention that during a prolonged frost the blackbirds standing on the edge of the thin ice on the hatching ponds at the Bute Fishery picked out the small fish. One of the birds having made the experi- ment, and found that the food was available and good, its example was followed by hundreds. On the return of genial weather, they went back to their natural food; but the lesson had not been lost on them, and now it does not require a heavy snowstorm or a prolonged frost to cause them to return to feed on the fish; they do it as soon as ice is formed. 99 resaue ony ane of thaim. (16.) Memorandum narrating that Gilbert Greir in name and on the part of Gilbert Amuligane, dweller in the parish of Tynron within the sheriffdom of Drumfres, by William Oliver burgess of Drumfres, king’s messenger, by virtue of the King’s letters demanded of Thomas Amuligane and Gilbert Amuligane himself at the instance of Gilbert Wilsoun that they should remove themselves and their goods from certain merklands of Nethirsyde of Bennane lying within the said parish and sheriffdom; and the said Gilbert Greir in name and on the part of the said Gilbert Amuligane obeyed the order contained in the said letters as to removal from and intromitting with the said lands. Done at Drumfres. Wit- receive from the heir a sum of money as the avail or value of his tocher. This casuality was an incident of ward-holding; and was also demandable when the vassal’s charter contained the clause “‘cum maritagio.’’ The avail might be single or double. The superior was entitled to the latter only where he had offered to the heir a wife without disparagement, which was estimated in respect not of means, but of quality and reputation, and the heir had not only refused the match proposed, but had married another woman without the superior’s consent. It was required that all the proceedings should take place in the presence of witnesses, and be recorded in a notarial instrument. The subject is dealt with in detail by Stair (Inst. ii. 4-37-61), Erskine (Inst. ii. 5-18-21), and Craig (Jus. Feudale, 11-21) See also Quon. Attachiamenta, §§ 91-94, ANDERSON’sS ProtTocoL Book. 191 nesses, John Greir under the Vod, Thomas Pantonson, Thomas Huntar in Auchenbrak, and George Amuligane. 1gth June, 1542. fol. 9] (17.) Memorandum narrating that Archibald Menzies, vicar of Mortoun, dean of Christianity* within the parts of Nith and Annandale, at the instance of John Dowglas, rector of the parish church of Kirkbryd, diocese of Glasgow, called prebendary of the college of the B.V.M. of Lincloudane, and along with him passed to the said church of Kirkbryd, and there the said John Dowglas presented the letters of col- lation and pension of Gawine, archbishop of Glasgow, signed at Edinburgh, at the Archbishop’s residence there on goth October, 1542, regarding the rectory and prebend of Kirk- bryd, to the said Archibald in the said church at the high altar, and with becoming humility requested him to induct and institute him in the said rectory and prebend in fel. 10] terms of the said letters. Accordingly, after the letters had been read by the notary, the said Archibald gave to the said John real and corporeal possession of the said rectory and prebend, and immediately thereafter passed with the witnesses underwritten to the glebe and manse, and gave sasine thereof to the said John. Done in the said church and at the said glebe and manse. Witnesses, Edward Menzies of Castlehill, Thomas Sinclar, Leonard Asloane, John Haykat, Thomas Dalzeill, and Sir Walter Fawsyd, vicar pensionary of the said church of Kirkbryd. 19th October, 1542. (18.) Memorandum narrating that John Nicholsoun, burgess * The ‘‘decanus Christianitatis’’—the Rural dean—was quite distinct from the Dean of the Cathedral and Chapter. He “had a jurisdiction over the clergy of a certain district quite well defined and known as a rural deanery. The Rural dean’s jurisdic- tion was made up of a delegation of the general pastoral authority of the bishop and of the jurisdiction of the archdeacon, which that judge exercised in its highest form in the ‘ curia christiam- tatis’’ (Cosmo Innes, Lectures on Scotch Legal Antiquities, Edin- burgh, 1872, p. 183. 192 ANDERSON’S PrRotTocoLt Book. of Drumfres, with consent of his wife Katrine Nycht uncom- pelled and of his own free will resigned all right, claim, kindness, &c., in an acre of the glebe land of Drumfres, lying in the parish of Drumfres and sheriffdom of Nithsdale between the piece of land belonging to Gilbert M*Cristin and a ditch on the west and certain land occupied by Archibald Maxwell on the east, in favour of Thomas Frude, his fol.11] heirs and assignees, and that for a certain sum paid by Thomas to John, of which John discharges the said Thomas. Done in the house of the said Thomas. Wit- nesses, James Mayr, William Smyth, and Charles Murray. 27th November, 1544. (19-) Memorandum narrating that Robert Murheyd, son of Martin Murheyd and Mariota Vrycht deceased, resigned in favour of his kinsman and friend John Maxvell, son of Villiam Maxvell in Crustanis deceased, all right and claim in half of the goods to which the said Robert was or might become entitled by reason of the decease of the said Mariota his mother, Mariota of Maxwell his guidaime and Patrick Vrycht his guidschir deceased, excepting always the said Robert’s heirship goods and heritage. Witnesses, Roger Johnstoun, burgess of Drumfres, Thomas Harper (“ cel- larius ’’), and Patrick Taggart. 3rd September, 1544. fol. 12] (20.) Memorandum narrating that Alexander Norvay, tenant of the fifty shilling land of Mains of Logane, in the parish of Butill and stewartry of Kirkcudbright, resigned all his right, &c., in the said lands in favour of John Maxwell in Logane his heirs and assignees without revocation or contra- diction of any kind. Witnesses, William Carrutheris, son of John Carrutheris of Holmendis, Andrew Sturgioun, John Sturgioun, Nicholas Newall, and John Johnstoun. 15th December, 1544. (21). Maxvell, Hillis. Memorandum narrating that John Glendonyng,, in virtue ANDERSON’S PRotTocoL Book. 193 of a precept directed by William, bishop of Aberdeen and usufructuary of the collegiate church of Lincloudane, fol. 13] to Archibald Stewart, John Andersoun, John Glen- donyng, and John Maxwell, bailies of the said bishop in that part, dated at Aberdeen, 12th September, 1544, gave sasine to Edward Maxwell of Lochrutoun, his heirs and assignees of a croft of the lands of Nonlandis, with houses, buildings, ‘‘ et ortis inibi situatis super le gait,’’ lying in the parish of Lochrutoun, which belonged to Andrew M‘Birnie, and were resigned by the said Andrew into the hands of Master George Marchell, provost of the church of Lincloudane, as his lord superior. Done on the ground. Witnesses, James Carsone, Patrick Scute, John Maxvell, John Amuligane, John Thomson. 14th October, 1544. (22.) Glencorss. fol. 14] Fragment narrating a precept of clare constat directed to John Edzar, Peter Dennam of Crechane, and John Max- well, bailies of the Earl of Glencairn, Lord Kilmawris in that part, and relating to Alexander Glencorss, son of Thomas Glencorss. 12th May, 1545. (23-) Memorandum narrating that John Lindsay of Barcloy passed to the three pound land of Barcloy lying in the parish of Culwen and stewartry of Kirkcudbricht, and there with his own hands gave sasine of the said lands to John Maxvell in Ardis and Unice his assignee. He also passed to his lands of Bordland of Culwen in the said parish and stewartry and there gave sasine of a half merk land of Bordland of Culwen to the same persons. Done on the above-named lands respectively. Witnesses, Robert Heres of Maby, Alexander Heres, Clement Edzar, John Lindsay, Alexander Vilsoun. 28th April, 1542. (24-) ffergussounis in Neiss. fol. 15] Memorandum narrating that John Edzar of Inglistoun 194 ANDERSON’S PRoTOCOL BOOK. by virtue of a precept directed by Alexander Glencorss of Stronschilloch to John Maxvell and John Edzar of Inglistoun, bailies of the said Alexander in that part, dated 15th May, 1545 [ witnesses, John Edzar of Inglistoun, James Glencorss, James Scharpro, David M‘Gee, and Herbert Andersoun, notary public], passed to the merkland of Stronschilloch called the nethir merkland, lying in the parish of Glencairn and sheriffdom of Drumfres, and there gave sasine to Fergus Fergussoun in frank tenement or liferent during his lifetime and to Andrew Fergussoun his son and the heirs of his body, whom failing the heirs whomsoever of the said Fergus. Done on the ground. Witnesses, Thomas Fergussoun of Craigdarroch, Cuthbert Fergussoun of Glencroische, fol. 16] Arthur Fergussoun, John Fergussoun, John M‘Cawle, Uchred Edzar, and Sir John Dunbar, chaplain. 22nd May, 1545. (25.) Velche—Fergussoun. Memorandum narrating that John Edzar of Inglistoun, in virtue of a precept directed by Alexander Glencors of Stronschilloch to John Maxvell in Kilbane and the said John Edzar, bailies in that part, dated at Dumfries, 15th May, 1545 [witnesses, John Edzar of Inglistoun, James Glencors, James Sharpro, David M‘Gee, and Herbert Andersoun, notary public], passed to the merkland of Stronschil- loch, called the merkland of Burnesyde, lying in the parish of Glencairn and sheriffdom of Drumfres, and there gave sasine to John Velche in Makcollestoun and Mariota Fer- gussoun his wife, to the longer liver in conjunct fee, and the heirs of their bodies. Done upon the ground. Wit- nesses, Uchred Edzar, John Caule, and Sir John Dunbar, chaplain. fol. 17] _ 22nd May, 1545. (26.) Cunynghame. Memorandum narrating that Robert Cunynghame of “Haykat in virtue of a precept directed by William Earl of Glencairne to James Tempeltoun and the said Robert Cunyng- ANDERSON’S PRrRoTOCOL Book. 195 hame, his bailies in that part, dated at the burgh of Irving, 16th May, 1545 [witnesses, William Cunynghame, Robert Fergussoun of Craigdarroch, and John Cunynghame of Kerschawe]|, passed to the three merkland of Nethir Kirk- cudbrycht, lying in the barony of Glencarne and sheriffdom of Drumfres, and there gave sasine to Robert Cunynghame son of the said Earl and Mariota Cunynghame his wife in conjunct fee to the longer liver, and to their heirs and fol. 18] assigns. Done upon the ground. Witnesses, Andrew Roresoun, senior, and Gilbert Roresoun. 21st May, 1545. (27-) Charteris. Memorandum narrating that Robert Charteris, junior, in Auchinsloronehill, in virtue of a precept directed by Michell Lord Carlile as lord superior of the lands mentioned below to Robert Charteris, Andrew Charteris, and the said Robert Charteris, junior, dated at the lands of Rowkane, 24th July, 1544 [ witnesses, John Charteris of Wyndehillis, and Sir John Charteris, vicar of Tynevald], gave sasine to Elizabeth Char- teris, wife of Robert Grahame of Thornyk, in liferent of the three merkland of Ovirholme, occupied by Symon Vaucht, John Vaucht, and Robert Corry, the three merkland of Thornik occupied by [blank] Martin, John Pantonsoun, and Herbert Corry, and the two merkland of Coittis occupied by Robert Johnstoun, lying in the lordship’ of fol. 19], Thornik in Annandale, in special warrandice of the three merkland of Skalegarholme, the three merkland of Coittis, the three merkland of Brigend, and the one merkland of Redlynnis, held of Michell, Lord Carlile as lord superior, and of the five merkland of Buranis, the two merkland of Craiglandis, the two merkland of Brumelandis, and the one merkland of Moslandis, held of the Queen, until the fol. 20] said Elizabeth be infeft in the ten merkland of Skale- garholme, &c., and the ten merkland of Buranis, &c. Done upon the lands of Ovirholme and Thornik, which the persons aforesaid occupied. | Witnesses, Adam Grahame, George Neill, John Pantonsoun, John Vaucht, and Henry Martin. 17th June, 1545. 196 ANDERSON’S PROTOCOL Book. (28.) Maxwell in Ardis, Kirkconnell. Memorandum narrating that John Lindsay of Barcloy passed to the three poundland of Barcloy, lying in the parish of Colwen and stewartry of Kirkcudbrycht, occupied by Robert Heres of Maby, and there uncompelled and of his own free will gave sasine with his own hands thereof to John Maxvell in Ardis in Kirkconnell and Unice his assignee. He also passed to the lands called Bordland of Culwen fol. 21] and there gave sasine to the said John Maxvell of the six shilling and eight penny land thereof. Done upon the lands of Bordland of Culwen. Witnesses, Robert Heres of Maby, Alexander Heres, Clement Edgar, and John Lind- say. 28th April, 1542. (29.) Maxwell, Hillis. fol. 22] Memorandum narrating that Andrew M‘Burnie, senior, dweller at lie Lochrutoun gait, with consent of his wife, Helen Sturgion, resigned all right, claim, and kindness to the two parts of the five merkland pertaining to him and steading lying within the barony of Drumsleit and provostry of Lincloudane in favour of Edward Maxvell of Lochrutoun his heirs and assignees, and this for a certain sum paid to him, and for “‘ certain guid to be done-’’ to him and his said spouse. Done at the house of the said Andrew at the gait of Lochrutoun. Witnesses, Patrick Scuit, John Kirkaugh, and Sir Thomas Haiste, chaplain. 2nd September, 1543. (30-) Of the same date the said Andrew constituted John Andersoun, John Brown, &c., to compeir befoir ye provost of Lincloudane and to resign all his rights. (31-) Edzar. fol. 23] Memorandum narrating that John Edzar, in virtue of a precept directed by John Lyndsay of Barcloy to him and John Hynd, his bailies in that part, dated at Drumfres, 23rd ANDERSON’s ProtocoL Book. 197 May, 1543 [witnesses, Matthew Shortrick, Alexander Vil- soun, David Lyndsay, Sir James Lorymar, chaplain, and Herbert Andersoun], gave sasine to Clement Edzar of one merkland of Markbroun, lying in the parish of Colwen, and Stewartry of Kirkcudbricht. Done upon the ground. Wit- nesses, Alexander Wilsoun, Matthew Wilsoun, and [blank | Hornar. 19th June, 1543. (32-) Sinclar, Auchenfrankaugh. fol. 24) Memorandum narrating that William Sinclar, son and heir of William Sinclar of Auchenfrankaugh deceased, passed to the principal messuage of the lands of Auchenfrankaugh, lying in the parish of Lochrutoun and Stewartry of Kirk- cudbricht, and there presented to John Makmoraine a letter of bailliary and precept of clare constat by John Greirsoun of Lag, superior of the lands of Auchenfrankaugh, directed to the said John Makmoraine and John Amuligane, his bailies in that part, dated at Lag, the last day of December, 1543 [ witnesses, Cuthbert Greirsoun, Gilbert Greirsoun, Sir John Jameson, chaplain, and Herbert Andersoun, notary], and there gave sasine of the hundred shilling land of Auchen- frankaugh to the said William Sinclar as his father’s heir. Done in the hall of Auchenfrankaugh. Witnesses, John Hucheon, Gilbert Cormock, John Carnis, Adam Carnis, John Fergussoun, and John Oliver. 3rd January, 1543-4. (33-) Glendonyng. fol. 25] Memorandum narrating that Archibald Stewart of Finthelaucht, stewart depute in that part of Robert Lord Maxwell, stewart of Kirkcudbrycht, having in his hands a precept from the chancery, dated at Edinburgh, 6th Novem- ber, 1543, gave sasine to John, son of Ninian Glendonyng of that I/k, in the lands of Hawknest, Coggert, Nether Bar- dennoch, Corauchie, Barquhillach, Midlaggane, Overlaggane, Bar, Clony, Arwy, the lands called the twenty shilling land together with the mill of Partoun in the parish of Partoun 198 AnpéRsON’s Protocot Book. and Stewartry of Kirkcudbricht. Done on the lands of Nedirbordland. Witnesses, Ninian Glendoning, John Ben- soun, junior, John Glendoning in Fominoch, Adam Ban- natyne, and Fergus Hannay. 1oth November, 1543. (34-) Vatsoun. fol. 26) \{emorandum narrating that Isabella Vellis, daughter of John Vellis deceased, burgess of Dumfries, passed to her merchant’s booth (‘‘ botham sue opelle ’’), lying within the burgh of Dumfries between the large stone house of the late Master Herbert Gledstains on the south, and the merchant’s booth of said late John Vellis on the north, and the boun- daries of the school of Dumfries on the east, and the High Street on the west, and there resigned all right and claim of right to the said booth in the hands of David Newall, bailie of Dumfries, in favour and for the use of James Vatsoun, his heirs and assignees, and sasine followed. Done at the said booth. Witnesses, Master William Turnor, John Maxvell, Nicholas Jarding, John Lyndsay, James Kirk- patrick, and Archibald Welsche, burgh officers (‘‘ sergiandis de Drumfreis ’’). 13th March, 1543. (35-) Roresoun. fol. 27] Memorandum narrating that John Quhite, in virtue of a precept directed by Robert Cunynghame in Midgrenane, son of William Earl of Glencarne, to him, Andrew Roresoun of Bardanoch, and Andrew Roresoun, junior, in Kirkcud- brycht, bailies in that part, dated at the messuage of Mid- grenane, 20th October, 1545 [ witnesses, John Roresoun, son of the said Andrew, William Tennand, James Tempeltoun, and Robert Dyke], passed to certain forty shilling lands, viz., one merkland in Kirkcudbrycht, and a two merkland fol. 28] in the barony of Glencarne and sheriffdom of Drum- fres, occupied by the said Andrew Roresoun, and gave sasine thereof to Andrew Roresoun, junior in Kirkcudbrycht. Done on the said lands respectively. Witnesses, John Cunyng- ANbDERSON’s Proroco.t Book. 199 hame, tutor, Arthur Fergussoun, John Asloan, and Gilbert son of Andrew Roresoun. 3rd December, 1545. (36.) Nelsoun—Scottis. fol. 31) Notarial instrument narrating that Janot Nelsoun and Cuthbert Scot and Robert Scot her sons, having obtained a nineteen years’ lease of the merklands of Stepfurd from the abbot and convent of Holyvod, dated at Drumfres, 17th November, 1545, to the longest liver of the three, and John Scot, son of Cuthbert, agreed that Janot shall have the life- rent thereof, and on her decease, Cuthbert and his son John should have the one half, and Robert and his heirs the other, notwithstanding the terms of the lease. | Witnesses, John Cunynghame, William Velch, and Andrew Thorbrand. 28th November, 1545. (37-) Glencors, Stronschillaucht. Memorandum narrating that Thomas M‘Cubbyne, in virtue of a precept directed by William Earl of Glencarne to him and John Maxvell in Kilbayne, bailies in that part, dated at Glencarne, 1oth November, 1546 [witnesses, John Edzar, Adam Kirkaucht of Gleneslane, John Blak, Allan Cunyng- hame, and Herbert Andersoun, notary public], passed to the five pound land of Stronschilloch in the sheriffdom of fol. 33] Drumfres, and there gave sasine thereof to Alexander Glencorss of Stronschilloch and Besseta Maxvell, his wife, fol. 32) and to the longer liver in conjunct fee. Done upon the ground at the dwelling-house of Quintein Fergussoun in Nethir Merkland. Witnesses, Andrew Cunynghame of Byrkschawe, Bartholomew Smart in Marquhryne, John Bryce, and Fergus M‘Crere. 10th November, 1547. (38.) fol. 34) Memorandum narrating that Ronald Ranying passed to a tenement with garden lying in the burgh of Dumfries in Tounheid on lie bak rawe between the tenement of John Farlein deceased, now in the hands of John Birkmyre, on the 200 ANDERSON’s PRotTocoL Book. north, and a tenement of Andrew Donald deceased, and occupied by John Browne, on the south, and there resigned all right in the hands of Thomas Frude, bailie of Dumfries, in favour and for the use of John Maxwell and Agnes Ander- soun, his wife, and to the longer liver of them, and the heirs procreated or to be procreated between them, whom failing to the nearest heirs of the said John, and sasine was given. Done on the ground. Witnesses, Edward Maxwell of Tin- wald, John Heres in Drumjowane, John Frude, John M‘Guffok, John Stewart in Carneselloch, Herbert Craik, Robert Carrutheris, John Heris, junior, James Kirkpatrick, and Archibald Welsche, burgh officers (“‘ sergiandis de Drumfres ’’). t1th May, 1546. (39-) | fol. 35] Memorandum narrating that Andrew Roresoun of Bardanoch, in virtue of a precept directed by William, Earl of Glencarne, to him, John Edzar, and John Velsche, his bailies in that part, dated at Drumfres [day and month blank], 1545 [witnesses, James Vallas, notary, Master Nichel Vallace, Herbert Jon of Petteraw, and Andrew Greir], passed to the sixteen shilling land of Ovirsyde of Nethir Farthing of Inglistoun in the sheriffdom of Drumfres, which John Edzar of Inglistoun had resigned, and gave sasine to Uchred Edzar, son and heir apparent of the said John and Besseta Roresoun his wife, and to the longer liver in conjunct fee and the heirs of their bodies procreated or to be procreated. Done upon the ground. Witnesses, Robert Greir in Inglistoun, John Edzar, Andrew Greir, William M‘Curte, John Valker, Paul Roresoun, and Thomas M‘Corane. 12th May, 1546. (40.) fol. 36] Memorandum narrating that James Hannay, son of John Hannay in Craigvild deceased, and James Hannay in Ernemolloch, uncompelled and of their own free will resigned all right, claim, and kindness in the six shillings and eight pennies lands of Vodheid, with their kindness in the mill thereof in the parish of Troqueer, lordship of Lag, and ANDERSON’S PRrRotTocoL Book. 201 stewartry of Kirkcudbrycht, occupied by John Greir in Vod- heid in favour of Herbert Irving in Trailtrow. Done in the notary’s chamber. Witnesses, Nicholas Harkness, William Maxwell, dwelling with John Maxwell of Lochrutoun, Thomas Hornar, and Sir James Carrutheris, chaplain. 24th May, 1546. (41.) Memorandum narrating that John Kirkaucht, in virtue of a precept directed by George Marchell, provost of Lin- cloudane, to him, John Maxwell of Lochrutoun, and John Andersoun, bailies in that part, dated at Lincloudane, rst July, 1546 [witnesses, John Browne, Master John Stewart, Andrew Stewart, Master James Murray, and Hercules Barkclay ], passed to a piece of land of the lands of Lin- cloudane, occupied by John Clark, lying within the town of Troqueir, between the lands of George Heris deceased on the north and the lands of Lincloudane on the south, and another piece of land or tenement in the town of Troqueir, having on the west the high road which leads to the fol. 37] parish church of Troqueir, containing three roods occupied by Janet Neill between the lands of the said George Heres deceased on the south, and the said lands of Lin- cloudane on the north, with houses, &c., and gave sasine thereof to John Greirsone of Lag, his heirs and assignees. Done upon the land respectively. Witnesses, John Velche, William Velche, and James Amuligane. 20th August, 1546. (42.) Marjoribanks. Memorandum narrating that William Marjoribanks, grandson of Robert Marjoribanks, uncompelled and of his own free will resigned all right, &c., to the ten shillingland of Burellschawe, in the parish of Kirkpatrick-Juxta, stewar- try of Annandale, and lordship of Marjoribanks to fol. 38] William Marjoribanks, his heirs and assignees, and this for a sum of money paid to William by John Marjori- banks, ‘‘ als gynkin,’’ in name and on the part of William. Done in the chamber of the notary. Witnesses, David Newall, burgess of Dumfries, John Bell in Lochrutoun, 202 ANDERSON’S PROTOCOL BOOK. Thomas Lebody, and Sir Robert Loarin (?), chaplain and curate of Kirkpatrick Durane. zoth August, 1546. (43-) ffrude. Memorandum narrating that Herbert Johnstoun, son of Edward Johnstoun deceased, burgess of Dumfries, uncom- pelled and of his free will resigned all right, claim, and kindness to an acre of land lie Peisshill, within the lands of Dumfries occupied by Margaret (?) Jardine between the acre of John Newall deceased, occupied by Elizabeth Douglass, spouse of James Andersoun deceased, on the north, and a rood of land of Patrick Steile, now in the hands of his wife, Joan M‘Dill, on the south, in favour of Thomas Frude, bur- gess of Dumfries, and this for a certain sum of money paid to the said Herbert by the said Thomas. Done in the dwelling of the said Thomas. Witnesses, Elias Cunynghame, fol. 39] baillie of Dumfries, John Corre, Thomas Ranying, Peter Rig, Ninian Jardine, and Cuthbert Macmannady. 17th August, 1546. (44-) ) On the same day, Herbert Johnstone constituted Thomas Frude, his heirs, &c., his cessionaries and assignees, to a three years’ tack by the laird Conhayth, from this the date of the said Herbert’s entry and paying of the duty to the said laird. (45;) Memorandum narrating that John Carrutheris of Holm- endis, cautioner of Mariota Carrutheris, wife of Gilbert M‘Clellane of Barmagaichane, who for herself and her hus- band had entered into a contract with William Jardine of Appilgarth, in regard to a charter and precept of sasine of the forty shilling lands of Drumjowane in the parish of Kirkanderis and stewartry of Kirkcudbright, in favour of herself and her husband, under reversion of three hundred merks, and had caused the said contract to be read and published at Dumfries on the last day of July, 1546, that she and her cautioner required the presence of William Jardine so that he might receive one hundred merks of the ANDERSON’S Protocot Book. 203 three hundred merks not yet paid, that they had consigned the money in the hands of John Carrutheris, burgess of Dum- fries, for the use of the said William, that Mariota and her husband exhibited their seals for sealing the reversion, and that she and her cautioner asserted that she had _ per- formed her part of the contract, and that she was entitled to the possession of the said lands. Done in the fol. 40) church of the friars of Dumfries. Witnesses, John Bell, burgess of Kirkcudbricht, William Stergioun, Andrew Mathesoun, Herbert Andersoun, notary public, Thomas Connelsoun, Sir James Loremer. 8th September, 1546. (46.) Reid. Memorandum narrating that John Raa, burgess of Dum- fries, uncompelled and of his free will resigned all right, claim, and kindness in six roods of the vicarage lands of Dumfries lying near Z7e Kirklands Moit occupied by Thomas Colling, between certain lands in the hands of John Craufurd, junior, on the west and east, in favour of Matthew Reid, his heirs and executors, upon reversion of £5, fol. 41] together with a letter of tack of the said six roods for three years after the redemption of the same, for the annual payment to the vicar of Dumfries and his factors of the usual rent, and this until repayment made to the said Mathew, together with the said letter of tack. Done in the notary’s chamber. Witnesses, David M‘Kynnell, Alexander Frude, burgess of Dumfries, John M‘Ilweyn, and John Gib- bonsoun. 20th September, 1546. (47-) Memorandum narrating that William, son of John Asloane in Troquere, deceased, ‘* beand condampnit to ye deid by ane assiss for his deidis and in speciall for certain corne and claiths of Pate Scute’s tuik upone him as he was to mak ansre befoir almychtie God that William Makmorane sone to umquhile Quintyne M‘Morrane was yeirout Innosent and saikless of art and part of Pate Scuittis corne and claithis, 904 ANDERSON’sS PRoTocoL Book. And in ye meantyme askit ye said William forgevnis and grantit yt he haid faillit to him in ye scandering of him for ye saids gudis. At Lochmaben gait gallowis, at or about two” p-m. Witnesses, David Newall, Peter Rig, baillies of Drum- fres, Thomas Rig, Charles Gurlaw, William M‘Morane in Mwir, John Amuligane, Gilbert Cannock, Finlay Reche, John Thomsone, William Carnis, and John Carnis his sone. tith October, 1546. (48.) Memorandum narrating that William Earl of Glencarne passed to the five pound land of Stronschilloche, lying in the sheriffdom of Drumfres, and there with his own hand gave sasine thereof to Alexander, son and heir of the late Thomas Glencorse, his heirs and assignees. Done on the said fol. 42] oround. Witnesses, John Maxwell in Kilbeyn, John Edzar of Inglistoun, Andrew Roresoun, senior, John Cunynghame of Dardarroch, Andrew Cunynghame, William Cunynghame, John Edzar, and John Blak. 28th October, 1546. (49-) Memorandum narrating that Edward Creichtoun of Luberre, deputy of William Lord Sanquhar, sheriff principal of Dumfries, in virtue of the letters and extract from the books (‘‘rolamentum’’) of the court of the said sheriff, passed, in order to divide the third part, to the following lands, viz.: the £20 lands of Dolfebill, the £10 lands of Cumrewe, the £5 lands of Nethirgarvald, the fifty shilling- land of Overgarvald, the £5 lands of Mekilholme, the fol. 43] thirty shillingland of Skallig, the half part of Knock- nyll, the twenty shillingland of Fawgill, the twenty shilling- land of Coitlandis, the twenty shillingland of Reidhall, the twenty shillingland of Templand, the half merkland of Carne- selloch, and the forty pennyland of Glenmaid in the stewar- try of Annandale and sheriffdom of Dumfries, and after service of the brief, assigned to Katherine Kirkpatrik, relict of Roger Kirkpatrik of Ross deceased, a third part of the said lands. Done at Dolfebill. Witnesses, Alexander Kirk- patrick in Kirkmichael, Herbert Corry, Thomas Mortoun, ; ANDERSON’S Prorocot Book. 205 James Vilsone, Andrew Creichtoun, John Colter, William Kirkpatrik, and Gawine Kirkpatrik. ; 8th November, 1548. (50.) fol. 44] Memorandum narrating that John Charteris, in virtue of a precept directed by William Earl of Glencarne to him, John Smycht, and John Gordoun, bailies in that part, dated at Glencarne, 30th October, 1546 [ witnesses, John Blak, John M‘Culloch, John Reyde, John Gordoun, and Herbert Ander- soun, notary public], passed to the three merkland of Lochur, lying in the barony of Glencarne and sheriffdom of Dumfries, and there gave sasine thereof to Elizabeth Chalmer, relict of Ninian Chreichtoun of Bellebocht, her heirs and assignees. Done at the dwelling place of John Smycht within the said lands. Witnesses, George Cunyng- hame in Craignestoun, John Smycht, Uchred M‘Ewyne, and John Momorsoun. 4th November, 1546. (51-) fol. 46] Memorandum relating that Cuthbert Fergussoun in Glencrosche produced to William Earl of Glencairn a charter of the two merkland and forty pennyland of Glenjawin in the sheriffdom of Dumfries and earldom of Glencairn, granted by John Greirson of Dalmacurane in favour of Isabella, daughter of the said Cuthbert, dated 2oth November, 1522, and a notarial instrument, under the hand of Sir Thomas Connelsoune, notary public, in favour of the said Isabella, dated zoth November, 1522, and alleged in presence of the said Earl, lord superior of the said lands, that he went to his audience, that the said John was about to invest [blank] Greirsone, his son, in the fee of the said lands to the loss and prejudice of the said Isabella, and meanwhile the Earl himself made answer that the premisses could not hurt or damage Isabella, because he himself had previously seen the instrument of sasine granted by John before Isabella's infeftment and sasine, and so Isabella could suffer no damage during her lifetime.* Done at the Castle of Glencairn. Witnesses, Andrew Roresoun of Bardannoch, John Wilsone, * “ Pro eo quod ipse prius videbat instrumentum sasine ipsius 206 ANDERSON’s Protocot Book. John Cunynghame, and Sir Herbert Andersoun, notary public. 4th November, 1546. (52-) Memorandum narrating that Andrew Roresoun intimated in the presence of the Earl of Glencairn that he was infeft in the merkland of Nethir Kirkcudbrycht and in the lands called ‘‘ the twa merklands,’’ in virtue of a charter granted by Robert Cunynghame, son of the Earl, as he alleged, for the time. Done at the Castle of Glencairn. | Witnesses, Robert Cunynghame of Hayket, Robert Cunynghame of Auchenerve, Thomas Farle, John Edzar, and George Cunynghame. 28th October, 1546. (53) fol. 47) Memorandum narrating that William Earl of Glen- carne and lord superior of the one merkland of the Jie ovir- - farthing of Inglistoun, formerly occupied by Patrick Blak deceased, and the twenty shillingland of /ze oversyde of Mydfarthing of Inglistoun in the sheriffdom of Dumfries, passed to the said land, and there gave sasine thereof to John Edzar of Inglistoun and Isabella Fergussoun, his wife, and to the longest liver on conjunct fee, &c., &c. Done upon the said twenty shilling land. Witnesses, John Max- well in Kilbane, Alexander Glencorss, John Welsche in Collistoun, and John Edzar. 28th October, 1546. (54-) Memorandum narrating that Andrew Roresoun of Kirk- cudbrycht uncompelled and of his own free will granted to William Earl of Glencairn authority to erect a mill and water-gang within the merklands of Nethir Kirkcud- fol. 48] bricht. Witnesses, Robert Cunynghame of Hayket, Robert Cunynghame of Auchenharve, Thomas Farle, John Edzar, and George Cunynghame. 28th October, 1546. Johannis dictarum terrarum factum ante infeodationem et sasinam ipsius Isabelle, et sic non potuit nec decet inferre sibi Tsabelle dampnum ex toto tempore vite sue.” ANDERSON’s ProrocoL Book. 207 (55-) Memorandum narrating that Andrew Newlandis, bur- gess of Dumfries, with the consent of Mariota M‘Cartnay, his wife, passed to his tenement and garden lying within the burgh of Dumfries beyond the lower gate, and there re- signed an annual rent of ten shillings to Helis Cunyng- hame, baillie of the burgh of Dumfries, in favour and for the use of John Lyndsay, burgess of the said burgh; and the said bailie gave sasine of the said annual rent to be uplifted out of the subjects aforesaid, and this under reversion of £5 to be paid to the said John, his heirs and assignees, for redemption of the said annual rent. Done on the ground. Witnesses, James Watsone and Michael Lyndsay, burgess of Dumfries. 1st April, 1546. (56.) fol. 49] Memorandum narrating that Master George Marchell, provost of Lincloudane, and lord superior of the lands under- written, passed to the three acres, lying in lie piesscroft on the north with house and garden and grazing of three soums (‘‘ herbagium trium summarum ”’’), all in the Mains of Lin- cloudane, formerly the property of Beatrix Carmichell, and resigned by her in favour of Richard M‘Kee of Myrtoun, his heirs and assignees, and there gave sasine thereof to the said Richard. Done on the ground. Witnesses, Walter Stewart of Barcly, Symon Johnstoun, Robert Maxwell, Herbert Johnstone, Master James Murray, vicar of Terreglis, and George Maxwell. 16th December, 1546. (57) Ranyng. Memorandum narrating that George Maxwell, son of Master George Maxwell, deceased, uncompelled and of his own free will assigned all right, claim, and kindness to a ‘* quarter land’’ lying in Tounheid of Tynvald, within the sheriffdom of Dumfries and lordship of Tinwald, which be- longed formerly to John Ranyng, deceased, and which said John at the time of his illness gave to said George, in favour of Thomas Ranyng, and that for a certain sum of money 208 ANDERSON’sS PrRotrocot Book. paid by him to the said George. Done in the hall of Tynvald. Witnesses, George Maxwell, brother fol. 50] german of the lord of Carneselloch, James Maxwell in Borschell, John Mundell, and Sir Andrew Glover, rector of Tynvald. 5th March, 1546. (58-) Memorandum narrating that John Maxwell in Kilbane, in virtue of a precept of clare constat directed by James Earl of Mortoun, Lord of Dalkeith and Abirdor, to him and Robert Brown, bailies in that part, dated at Abirdor, 8th May, 1546, passed to the two merkland of Drumschennoch, in the barony of Mortoun and sheriffdom of Dumfries, and there gave sasine thereof to Alexander, son of Thomas Glencors, deceased. Done on ground at the house occupied by William Hunter. Witness, William Hunter, Donald Dalrumpill, and Lancelot Dougall. 27th May, 1547. (59-) We a Scrymgeor. Memorandum narrating that John Kyle, in virtue of a precept under the Great Seal, directed by the Queen to him and Jeffrey Irving, baillies in that part, dated at Edinburgh, 18th March, 1547, passed to the ten merkland of the south side of the mains of Torthorwald and the ten merkland of the town and lands of Rouken and Drumbeg, lying in the sheriffdom of Dumfries, which belonged to Michael Lord Carlile, and were apprised, and there gave sasine therof to Jonet Scrymgeor, Lady Carlisle, her heirs and assignees. Done upon the said lands respectively. Witnesses, Jeffrey Irving, Michael Rechertsoun, Cuthbert Murray, James Murray, John Irving, William Irving in Hoille, James Gordoun, Walter Branzer, and Thomas Rechertsoun. | 7th April, 1547. fol. 51] (60.) Vilsone, Drumfres. Memorandum narrating that John Neilsoun, burgess of Dumfries, son and heir of John Neilsoun deceased, formerly ANDERSON’S ProtrocoLt Book. 209 burgess of Dumfries, passed to a tenement and garden lying in Lochmabengait in the said burgh, between the tenement of George Curror on the west and that of George Hucheon on the east, and there assigned all right and claim to a hall, chamber, stable, peat-house (‘‘ domus glebarum ’’), and the third part of the garden of the said tenement, occupied by John and Herbert Vilsone, into the hands of Peter Rig, bailie of the said burgh, in favour and for the use of Herbert Vilsone, burgess of Dumfries, his heirs and assignees, and the said Peter gave sasine thereof to the said Herbert; fol. 52] and this under reversion of £30. Done in the fore- said garden. Witnesses, William Bell and William M‘Birnie, burgesses of Dumfries. 7th July, 1547. (61.) Of the same date John Neilsoun bound himself, his heirs and assignees, his lands, and his goods moveable and im- moveable in warrandice of the said subjects, under the said reversion and with a letter of tack for one year. Witnesses, Peter Rig, bailie, William Bell, and William M ‘Birnie. fol. 56] (62.) Memorandum narrating that Thomas Fergussone of Craigdarroch passed to the thirteen shillings and four pence land of Chapellmark, lying in the barony of Craufurdstoun within the parish of Glencairn and sheriffdom of Dumfries, occupied by Fergus M‘Cubbyne, and there with his fol. 57] own hands gave sasine to Arthur, his son, in terms of a lease, dated at Craigdarroch, 27th November, 1546 [wit- nesses, Matthew Fergussone, Cuthbert Fergussone, Andrew Fergussone, Thomas Fergussone, Fergus M‘Cubbyne, John Bryce, Fergus Fergussone, tailor, John M‘Connell, and Her- bert Andersone, notary public], at a rent of five merks. Done upon the ground. Witnesses, Matthew Fergussone, Fergus M‘Cubbyne, and Sir John Dunbar, rector of Castel- mylk. : 6th August, 1547. (63-) Memorandum narrating that Thomas Fergussone of 210 ANDERSON’s Protocot Book. Craigdarroch passed to the two and one half merk land of Conraicht, in the barony of Craufurdstoun, and within the ~ parish of Glencairn and sheriffdom of Dumfries, and fol. 58] there with his own hands gave sasine thereof to Matthew Fergussone, his son “‘natural,’’ in liferent, in terms of a lease, dated at Craigdarroch, 27th November, 1546 [witnesses, Arthur Fergussone, Cuthbert Fergussone, Andrew Fergussone, Thomas Fergussone, John M*‘Kee, Dynniss M‘Millane, Robert Fergussone, John Symsoun, and Herbert Andersone, notary public], at a rent of ten merks. Done upon the ground. Witnesses, Arthur Fergussone, John Symsone, and Sir John Dunbar, rector of Castelmylk. 26th August, 1547. (64.) Memorandum narrating that Arthur and Matthew Fer- fol. 59] wussoun obliged themselves not to trouble their father in the bruiking or setting of the merklands of Chapellmark, or the two and one half merkland of Conraicht, nor to intro- mit with the said lands during their father’s lifetime save with his consent. 26th November, 1547. (65-) Cunynghame. Memorandum narrating that William Earl of Glencarne passed to the five merkland of Maxweltoun alias Darnayn- gill, lying in the parish of Glencairn and sheriffdom of Dumfries, and there with his own hands gave sasine thereof to Marjorie Cunynghame, relict of John Cunynghame of Byrkschawe, deceased, her heirs and assignees. Done upon the ground. Witnesses, John Edzar, James Dunbar, and John M‘Come. 26th August, 1547. (66.) Memorandum narrating that John Edzar, in virtue of a precept directed by William Earl of Glencarne to him and Peter Greir in Inglistoun, bailies in that part, dated at Glen- cairn, 8th December, 1547 [witnesses, Allan Cunynghame, John Blak, Robert Greir, John Edzar, James Dunbar, and fol. 60] ANDERSON’s ProtrocoL Book. 211 Master Michael Vallace], passed to the two and one half merkland of Maxveltoun, alias Darnayngill, and there gave sasine thereof to Robert, son of John Cunynghame fol. 61] of Byrkschawe, deceased. Done ‘‘ apud manerium sui castri’’ at the lands of Maxveltoun. Witnesses, John M‘Gellane in Bellybocht, John Maxwell, junior, there, Allan Edzar, and Sir George Hustoun, chaplain. 17th December, 1547. (67-) Memorandum narrating that Cuthbert Cunynghame of Castelpharne passed to the two merkland of Castelpharne, lying in the barony of Glencairn and sheriffdom of Dumfries, and there with his own hands gave sasine to Isabella, daugh- ter of Thomas Fergussone of Craigdarroch, in her pure virginity in an eleven shillings land of the said two merkland in liferent. Done at the mansion of Castelpharne. Wit- nesses, Robert Fergussone, junior, of Craigdarroch, Arthur Fergussone, Cuthbert Cunynghame in Craignestane, Robert Greir in Inglistoun, Thomas Fergussone of Craigdarroch, and James Greir. 25th June, 1548. (68.) fol. 62] Memorandum narrating that Arthur Fergussoun, in virtue of a precept of clare constat directed by Alexander Stewart of Garlies to him, and Robert Fergussoun of Craig- darroch, bailies in that part, dated at Kernzeild, 8th June, 1548 [witnesses, Master John Stewart, James Charteris, John Stewart, and Sir John Wallace, junior, chaplain], passed to the forty penny land of Ile in the barony of Dal- swinton, parish of Kirkmahoe, and sheriffdom of fol. 63) Dumfries, and there gave sasine thereof to John Fer- gussoun, son of John Fergussoun of Ile, deceased. Done at the mansion of Ile. Witnesses, Sir Roger Kirkpatrik, rector of Nethirewiss, Sir Andrew Hanying, vicar of Dunscoir, Martin Murheid, and William Harper. 26th August, 1548. (69.) Memorandum narrating that Thomas Wilsone of Croig- 212 ANDERSON’sS PRotocot Book. lyne passed to his lands of Macquyestoun and there gave sasine of £10 scots to Agnes Greirsone, -relict of John Gordoun of Blaket, deceased, in her pure viduity, by reason of marriage between her and the said Thomas, to be uplifted annually by her all the years of her life, with infeftment in the ten merk lands of Croglin and Macquyestoun, in the parish of Tynron, barony of Glencairn, and sheriffdom of Dumfries. Done at Macquyestoun. Witnesses, Paul Redik of Dalbaty, Gilbert Greirsone of Daltoun, Herbert Redyk, Thomas Schitling, and Sir Robert Velche, vicar of Tynron, and also Sir James Carrutheris, rector of Vamffrey. 13th August, 1548. (70.) fol. 64] Memorandum narrating that Cuthbert Greirsone, brother german of John Greirsone of Lag, resigned all right, claim, and kindness in the forty shilling lands of Laucht, in the parish of Tynron and sheriffdom of Dumfries, occupied by John Fergussoun and Agnes Bannatyne, relict of John Fergussoun deceased, in favour of Gilbert Greirsone, his brother german, his heirs and assignees, reserving his own liferent, with free right of disposal after his death. Done at Penpont. Witnesses, James Dougless, Henry Greirsone, Robert (?) Bannatyne, and William Bannatyne. 7th August, 1548. (71-) Memorandum narrating that Gilbert Greirsone, brother of John Greirsone of Lag, in virtue of a precept under the great seal directed to him and Peter Greirsone, dated at Pynkie, 2oth August, 1548, passed to the £14 lands of Ardis with the mill thereof, the twelve merkland of Holm of Dalgarnok, lying within the sheriffdom of Dumfries, and the twelve merkland called Betwixt the waters and Preist- landis, lying in the stewertry of Kirkcudbrycht, which lands and mill had belonged to the said John Grierson, and had been resigned by him to the Crown, and gave sasine of the lands and mill of Ardis and of the lands of Holme of Dalgarnok aforesaid to William Greirsone son and heir apparent of the said John Greirsone of Lag, his heirs fol. 65] ANDERSON’sS PrRotocot Book. 2138 and assignees, under reservation of the said John’s frank tenement for his life. Done on the lands of Holme of Dal- garnok. Witnesses, John Hunter, Gilbert Greirsoun, Thomas Ireland, John Wallace of Brekandsyde, and Sir John Johnstoun, chaplain. 11th September, 1548. (72.) fol. 66] Cunyinghame. Memorandum narrating that Roger M‘Brair, provost of Dumfries, passed to the tenement of John M‘Dill, burgess of Dumfries, deceased, lying within the said burgh, between the tenement of the late John Corsby on the north and the vennel called lie stynkand vennel stretching to the water of nyth on the south and thare resigned all right and claim to an annual rént of 13s 4d to be uplifted out of the said tenement into the hands of George Maxwell, baillie of Dumfries, in favour and for the use of John Cunyinghame, burgess thereof, his heirs and assignees in fee, and the said George Maxwell gave sasine to the said John Cunyinghame. Done upon the land of the said tenement. Witnesses, William M‘Culloch, ser- vant of John Redik; Roger Carrutheris, burgess of Dum- fries; and Sir Mark Carrutheris, rector of Moswald, chap- lain and notary public. 24th December, 1548. 6 873») Greirsoun. Memorandum narrating that Alexander Kirkpatrik in virtue of a precept under the Great Seal directed to him and Gilbert Greirsoun, bailies in that part, dated at fol. 67] Pynkee, 28th August, 1548, passed to the ten merk- land called Betwixt the waters and Preistlandis, lying in the stewartry of Kirkcudbrycht, and there gave sasine fol. 68] thereof to William Greirsoun, son and heir apparent of John Greirsoun of Lag and his heirs, under reservation of the frank tenement of the said lands during all the days of his life, with a third of the same to Egidia Kennedy, his wife. Done upon the ground. Witnesses, John Maxwell, John Fawop, John Saidler, Gilbert Greir, and James Amvligane. [Blank] February, 1548-9. 214 ANDERSON’S PROTOCOL BooK. (74-) Corswan—Maxvell. Memorandum narrating that John Corre, in virtue of a precept directed by John Greirsoun of Lag to him, John Andersoun in Terrauchy, Gilbert Greir, and John Asloane of Corbiehill, bailies in that part, dated at Lag, ist fol. 69] September, 1547, [witnesses, Cuthbert Greirsoun, John Velche, John Kirkaucht, and David Murheid], passed to the tenement in the territory of the town of Troqueir and barony of Drumsleit, on the west ‘of the highway which leads to the parish church of Troqueir, containing three roods of land, between the land of George Heres, deceased, on the south, and certain lands of the provostry of Lin- cloudane on the north, occupied by Jonet Neill, which tene- ment and lands were in the hands of the said John Greirsoun as lord superior by reason of the death of Herbert Corswan, and there gave sasine thereof to John Corswan, son fol. 70] of the said Herbert, his heirs and assignees. Reddendo two shillings annually. Done on the ground. Witnesses, William Maxwell, John Maxwell in Bourlandis, and Thomas Reche. Immediately afterwards the said John Corswan gave sasine of-the subjects aforesaid to James Maxwell, dwelling in Conhaith. 3rd April, 1540. (75-) fol. 71 Creichtoun, Craufurdtoun. Memorandum narrating that Robert Fergussoun, junior of Craigdarroch, in virtue of a precept directed by William Lord Creichtoun of Sanquhar and baron of the barony of Craufurdton alias Balnacane, to him bailie in that fol. 72] part, dated at Sanquhar roth March, 1548, [wit- nesses, Harbert Creichtoun and William Creichtoun, brothers of the said Lord, William Creichtoun in Auchintaggart, Master Robert Creichtoun, rector of Sanquhar, and William Litill], passed to the fourteen merkland of Craufurdtoun and Steuartoun lying in the barony aforesaid, and there gave sasine of the said lands to John Creichtoun, son and heir apparent of Andrew Creichtoun of Craufurdtoun. fol. 731 Done on the ground. Witnesses, Andrew Creich- a ANDERSON’S PRrRotTocoL Book. 215 toun of Craufurdtoun; Andrew Creichtoun and Thomas Creichtoun, brothers; John M‘Murdy, John Reid, and William M‘Joir. 6th April, 1549. (76.) Ewart—Jonstoun. Memorandum narrating that John Ewart of Bodisbek passed to the £5 land of Bodisbek, and to the £5 land of Skistinholm, lying in the Stewartry of Annandale, and there with his own hands, uncompelled and of his free will, gave sasine thereof to his son John, and Jonet Johnstoun, fol. 74) his wife, in conjunct fee. Done on the ground. Witnesses, William Atkinsone, James Hendersone, Thomas Ewart, John Johnstone, son of Thomas Johnstone of Crago- burne, and Andrew Colterer. 25th April, 1549. (77-) Makcawlis, Messingerlandis. Memorandum narrating that Robert Greirsone in Inglis- toun in virtue of a precept of clare constat directed by John Greirsoun of Lag, Lord Superior of Messingerlandis fol. 75] and Grenane, to him and John Velche, bailies in that part, dated at Lag 26th September, 1548 [witnesses, Cuth- bert Greirsoun, John Maxvell, and Sir John Jamesoun, chaplain], passed to the said lands lying in the barony of Tibbaris, parish of Penpont, and sheriffdom of Dumfries, and there gave sasine of four oxgates thereof to Isabella, Jonet, and Mariota M‘Cawle, daughters of Gilbert M‘Cawle of that ilk. Done on the ground. Witnesses, fol. 76] Gilbert Greirsoun in Craignie, Gilbert Greirsoun of Dalmaccurane, Arthur Fergussoun, Gilbert M‘Cawle, James M‘Cawill, and Roger Greirsoun. 27th September, 1548. (78.) Cunynghame. Memorandum narrating that Alexander Coittis in virtue of a precept of clare constat directed by John Lord Hay of Zestor and baron of the barony of Snayde to him and 216 ANDERSON’S PRotTocot Book. Andrew M‘Gowin, bailies in that part, dated at Neth- fol.77] pecht 4th June, 1548 [witnesses, John Lyndsay, John Dicksoun, James Hay, and Nicholas Quhippo, notary public], passed to the two merkland of Byrkschawe and the two merkland of Feuchlarg, within the said fol. 78] barony, and sheriffdom of Dumfries, and there gave sasine thereof to Andrew, son of John Cunynghame of Byrkschawe, deceased. Done on the ground. Witnesses, William Cunynghame, Andrew Makgowin, Amer Smycht, John M‘Clein, John Hunter, and Sir George Cunynghame. 7th June, 1549. (79-) fol. 79] Kirkpatrik. Memorandum narrating that Andrew Roresoun, junior, tutor of Bardanocht and Lord of the one merkland of Ovir- kirkcudbrycht, lying in the parish of Glencairn and sheriff- dom of Dumfries, passed to the said lands, and there with his own hands gave sasine thereof to Allan Kirkpatrik in Cloisborne, his heirs and assignees. Done on the ground. Witnesses, John Velche in Collestoun, John Creichtoun in Hill, Peter Dennam of Creichane, David Morton, Robert Amvligane, and George Amvligane. tith June, 1540. (80.) rorpso Amuligane. Memorandum narrating that John Velche in Collestoun and lord of the land underwritten, passed to the one merk- land of Stronschilloch called the merkland of the burnesyde lying in the sheriffdom of Dumfries, occupied by Marion Schitlingtoun, and there with his own hands gave sasine to George Amuligane, merchant, dwelling in the parish of Tynroun, his heirs and assignees. Done on the ground. Witnesses, Cuthbert Grierson in Dalskairth, John Creich- toun in Hill, Peter Dennam of Creichane, Gilbert Amuligane, and Allan Kirkpatrick. 11th June, 1549. (81.) U2 LU Roresoun. Memorandum of obligation by Allan Kirkpatrick dwell- ANDERSON’S PrRotTocoL Book. 27 ing in Cloisburn, by which he bound himself, his heirs and assignees, to grant to Andrew Roresoun, junior, his heirs and assignees, a letter of reversion, for redemption of the one merkland of Overkirkcudbright alienated by Andrew to him, on payment of 100 merks. Witnesses, John Welsche in Collestoun, John Creichtoun in Hill, Peter Dennam of Creichane, David Mortoun, Gilbert Amuligane, George Amuligane, and Cuthbert Grierson in Dalskartht. 11th June, 1549, (82.) Welche. On the same day George Amuligane bound himself, his heirs and assignees, to grant to John Velche in Collestoun, his heirs and assignees, a letter of reversion for redemption of the merkland of Burnesyde in Stronschilloch in the barony of Glencairn and sheriffdom of Dumfries, on fol. 82] payment of £100 of money as underwritten, viz., XXXVii unicornis and crovnis of ye abbay, ii harye nobillis, xliii crovnis of vecht, ili riders and ane franche crovne, con- tenand ilk unicorn, crovne of ye abbay and crovne of vecht, xxii sh. vid. Ilk Harie nobill xviii sh. Ik rider kepand ye angell nobill vecht, xxx sh. Witness, Andrew Roresoun. tith June, 1549. (83.) Cunyngham—Craufurdtoun. Memorandum narrating that Thomas Creichtoun, in virtue of a precept directed by William Lord Crechtoun of Sanquhar and baron of the barony of Craufurdtoun, alias Balnacane, to him and Edward Crechtoun, bailies in fol. 83] that part, dated at Sanquhar, 6th June, 1549 [wit- nesses, Herbert Creichtoun and William Creichtoun, brothers of the said lord, and [their] brother, Master Robert Crech- toun, rector of Sanquhar, Ninian Crechtoun in Auchin- taggart, Cuthbert Creichtoun, his brother, and fol. 84] William Littill], gave sasine to Robert Fergussoun of Craigdarroch, attorney of Christina, daughter of William Cunynghame of Craiganis, deceased, in her pure virginity, in liferent, on her marriage with John Creichtoun of Crau- furdtoun, alias Balnacane, with consent of his father, 218 ANDERSON’s PROTOCOL BOooK. Andrew Creichtoun, liferenter of the lands underwritten, in the two and one half merkland of Segesik and Ovirclauchop, ~ alias Sanct Michell Chapell. Done on the ground. fol. 85] Witnesses, Andrew Crechtoun of Craufurdtoun, Edward Crechtoun, Thomas Asloane, and John Creichtoun. 12th June, 15409. (84.) Vilsoun, Greirsone, of Croglin. Memorandum narrating that Thomas Vilsoun of Crog- lin, heir of Gilbert Vilsoun, deceased, passed to his back tenement, in the burgh of Dumfries, on the east of the High Street, between the tenement of Thomas Newall, deceased, on the south, and the tenement of Thomas M‘Brair, deceased, on the north, and the tenement of John Andersoun on the east and the High Street on the west, and there resigned all right, claim, &c., to the said back tenement in the hands of David Cunynghame, bailie of Dumfries, in favour and for the use of himself and Agnes Greirsoun his wife, and the longer liver in conjunct fee, and their heirs. He also passed to a tenement with garden in the said burgh in the ‘‘ bak rawe’’ on the east of the High Street fol. 86] between the tenement of Gilbert M‘Cleir on the south and the tenement of Richard Edzar on the north, and there resigned all right, claim, &c., in the said tenement in favour and for the use of himself and his said spouse and the longer liver, and the heirs to be procreated of their bodies, &c., in the hands of the said David. Done on the said tenements. Witnesses, Gilbert Greirson in Kirkbride, Robert fol. 87] Greirson in Ingleston, Robert Greirson in Cormuli- gane, Martin Edzar, William M‘Culloch, serjeands, and Thomas Ranying, senior, burgess of Dumfries. 8th July, 1540. (85.) Memorandum narrating that Marjory Cunynghame, relict of John Cunynghame of Birkschawe deceased, passed to the two and one half merkland of Maxwelltoun, alias Darnayngill, in the barony of Glencairn and sheriff- fol. 88] dom of Dumfries, and there gave sasine thereof to ANDERSON’sS Protoco.t Book. 219 William, son and heir apparent of Alexander Cunynghame of Glencairn. Done on the ground. Witnesses, Robert [?—ster] of Failfurd, John Edzar of Inglistoun, Thomas Fairlie, Andrew Roresoun, junior, and Sir William Stewart, chaplain. 24th June, 1548. (86.) Scharp. Memorandum narrating that Isabella, daughter of David Glover deceased, and heir of Robert Glover deceased, for- merly burgess of Dumfries, passed to a tenement belonging to her within the burgh of Dumfries on the west part thereof between the tenement of Nicholas Scot deceased on the south, and that of James Carruthers deceased on the north, the High Street of the said burgh on the east, and the way to the chapel of B.V.M. on the west, and resigned all right, claim, &c., in the said tenement and garden together with a day’s labour in Lochirmoss, in lie Hairstane, in the hands of John Charteris of Kelvod, bailie of Dumfries, in favour and for the use of John Scharp, his heirs and assignees, and that under reversion of 20 merks with a letter of tack for three years after redemption, at an annual rent of 20s. Done on the ground. Witnesses, David Cunynghame, baillie, Herbert Cawert, Kentigern Newlandis, Alexander fol. 89] Kirk, William M/‘Culloch, and Martin Edzar, ser- jeands. 28th Septémber, 1549. (87.) fol. 90] Memorandum narrating that John Scharp, dwelling in Amisfield, passed to his tenement in the burgh of Dum- fries on the west of the street between the tenement of Nicholas Scot, deceased, on the south, and the tenement of James Carruthers on the north, and the High Street of the said burgh on the east and the way to the chapel of B.V.M. on the west, and there resigned all right, claim, &c., in the said tenement in the hands of John Charteris of Kelwod, bailie of Dumfries, in favour and for the use of himself and Katherine Frosse, his wife, the longer liver and in con- junct fee, and the heirs of their bodies, &c. Done on the 220 ANDERSON’S PROTOCOL BOOK. eround. Witnesses, Kentigern Newlandis, Martin Edzar, serjeands, and Sir Elisha Wilsone. tst October, 1549. (88.) fol. 91] Memorandum narrating that John Edzar of Inglis- toun passed to his meadow lying in lie Carss and Manis of Inglistoun, in the lordship of Inglistoun, barony of Glen- in vulgari to the medow ’ and there gave (a9 cairn, and sheriffdom of Dumfries, lyand nerest to the myll of Killegawpocht, sasine to Cuthbert Fergussoun in Glencrosche, his heirs and assignees, of five roods of the said meadow. Done on the ground of the said meadow. Witnesses, John Charteris in Kirkland of Glencairn, Arthur Fergussoun, and Thomas Car. 15th October, 15409. (89.) On the same day Cuthbert Fergussoun bound himself, his heirs and assignees, not to intromit with the said meadow in which he is infeft so long as the said John Edzar, hig heirs and assignees, will warrant to him, his heirs and assignees, the crop of the meadow of last year and certain years before. (90-) fol. 2] Memorandum narrating that Jonet M‘Clarine, wife of Thomas Maxvell of Auldgartht, burgess of Dumfries, un- compelled by her husband and of her own free will resigned in the hands of George Maxvell, bailie of Dumfries, all right, claim, &c., in a tenement, belonging to her ‘husband, and formerly belonging to Cuthbert Maxwell, deceased, and Margaret Lauder, lying at the head of the town of Dum- fries, between the tenement of Thomas Cunynghame on the west, and the tenement of John Schortrik on the east; and that for the infeftment of James Kirkpatrik and Katherine Merchell his spouse, their heirs and assignees, in the said tenement. [Witnesses names not given. | 6th May, 1549. (91.) On the same date, Thomas Maxvell of Auldgartht passed to the said tenement, and there, with consent of Jonet M‘Clarine his wife, and David Maxvell his son and heir ANvDERsON’s Prorocot Book. 221 apparent, resigned all right, claim, &c., therein in the hands of George Maxvell, bailie of Dumfries, in favour and fol. 93] for the use of James Kirkpatrik and Katherine Mer- chell, his wife, and the longer liver in conjunct fee, &c., and the said George Maxvell gave sasine; and the said Thomas and Jonet gave to the said James and Katherine an instru- ment of Cuthbert Maxvell, deceased, in corroboration of the sale of the said tenement. (92.) fol. 94] Memorandum narrating that Amer Kirkaucht of Soundayvell, in virtue of a precept under the Great Seal directed to him, Alexander Kirkpatrick and Gilbert Greir- soun [date, etc., not given], passed to the £14 land of Ardis and the twelve merkland of Holmis of Dalgarnok, lying in the sheriffdom of Dumfries, and there gave sasine thereof to William Greirsoun, son and heir apparent of John Greirsoun of Lag, under reservation of the frank tenement of the said lands to the said John for his life, and the terce thereof to his spouse, Egidia Kennyde. Done on the fol. 5] Jands of Ardis at the dwelling place of Andrew Velche, and on the lands of Holmis of Dalgarnok, at the dwelling place of John Amuligane. Witnesses, Andrew Vilsoun in Ardis, Henry Greirsoun, Gilbert Amuligane, James Vilsoun, Andrew Vilsoun, junior, Andrew Greirsoun in Auchingassel, John Amuligane, Alexander Amuligane, Gilbert Amuligane. 3rd June, 1549. (93-) Fergusone—Edzar. Memorandum narrating that John Edzar of Inglistoun passed to his meadow of Inglistoun, lying in Carss of Inglis- toun and Manis thereof, in the barony of Glencairn and sheriffdom of Dumfries, and there with his own hands gave sasine of two acres of the said meadow to Arthur Fergus- sone in Glencrosche and Janet Edzar his wife, and fol. 96] the longer liver in conjunct fee. Done on the ground. Witness, Cuthbert Fergussoun, and Cuthbert Edzar, son of the said John. 27th July, 1549. 229 ANDERSON’S ProtrocoL Book. (94-) fol. 98] Cunynghame. Memorandum narrating that John Creichtoun in Hill, in virtue of a precept of clare constat directed by William Cunynghame, master of Glencairn, with consent of his wife Jonat Gordoun, liferentrix of the two and a half merklands of Marquhirne in the Lordship of Glencairn and county of Dumfries, to him Paul Cunynghame, and Kentigern Cunyng- hame, bailies in that part, dated at Kenmoir, 17th February, 1549-50 [witnesses, Alexander Gourdoun in Scheirmerks, David Gourdoun in Markbreck, Paul Cunynghame, Kenti- gern Cunynghame, Alexander Lindesay, and William Carnis of Orchertoun], for giving sasine to James Cunynghame, nephew of Sir John Cunynghame, deceased, formerly pre- bendary of Lincloudane [the remainder of the instrument is awanting |. 18th February, 1549-50. (95-) fol. 103] Memorandum narrating that Patrick Maxwell, brother of John Maxwell of Carneselloch, deceased, spon- taneously resigned all right, claim, kindness, &c., in favour of Robert Maxwell, his son, his heirs and assignees, in that garden plot (“‘ ortulus terre ’’), lying within the bounds of the Kirktoun of Kirkmahoe, which the said Patrick held of David Kerit [? Kent], tacksman of the church lands of the said church of Kirkmahoe, between a like plot in possés- sion of Janet Vallis, relict of Robert Maxwell deceased, on the west, and another like plot in possession of Janet Edzar on the east. Done in the chamber of the notary. Wit- nesses, Robert Carnis, William Oliver, ‘‘ claviger,’’? and Thomas Maxwell. 28th April, 1540. (96.) Maxwell. Memorandum narrating that Mariota, daughter of Fergus Dougalsoun, deceased, formerly dwelling in Kille- long, with consent of Thomas Thomesoun, uncompelled and of her own free will resigned in favour of James Maxwell fol. 112] ANDERSON’S ProtocoLt Book. 223 of Auchencarne, his heirs and assignees, all right, claim, &c., in the two and one half merkland of Killelong, lying in the barony of Holywood and sheriffdom of Dumfries, occupied by Besseta Maitland, mother of the said fol.113] Mariota, and this for £40 paid to Thomas Thome- soun in name of tocher with the said Mariota at certain terms specified in a contract of marriage between said James and Besseta and Mariota on the one part and the said Thomas on the other. Meanwhile the said Besseta renounces all right, &c., in the said lands in favour of James Maxwell, her son, his heirs and assignees, and this for affection and certain other causes. Done in the chamber of the notary. Wit- nesses, Andrew Creichtoun of Craufurdtoun, Peter Thom- soun, John Maxwell in Lanreding, and Andrew Creichtoun, son of the lord of Craufurdtoun. 2nd June, 1550. (97-) Memorandum narrating that John Watsoun, dweller in Newtoun of Holywood, uncompelled and of his own free will, resigned in favour of Robert and Adam Tait, brothers, their heirs and assignees, all right, &c., in the five shil- ling lands, let to him, lying in the Newtoun of Holywood in the sheriffdom of Dumfries, between the lands of John Bek, and those occupied by Thomas Maxvell, and this for £10 paid at certain terms. Done in the chamber of fel. 114] David M‘Gee. Witnesses, William Thomsoun, dweller in Holywood, John Amuligane, tailor (‘‘scis- sore’’), and David M‘Gee, notary public. 15th June, 1550. (98.) Memorandum narrating that Robert Harper, dweller in Holyvod, tenant of the ten shilling land of Mossyde, lying in the barony of Holyvod and sheriffdom of Dumfries, un- compelled and of his own free will resigned all right, claim, &c., in five shillings of the said ten shilling lands of Mossyde to James Maxwell in Killelong, his heirs and assignees; and this for the sum of five merks, paid to the said Robert, his heirs and assignees, by the said James, his heirs and assignees. Done in the notary’s chamber. Witnesses, 224 ANDERSON’S PRoTOCcOL Book. Archibald Heres of Madinpaupe, Edward Heres in Knockil- schyinoch, John Thomsoun in Terreglis, and James Heres. 16th June, 1550. (99-) fol. 115] Memorandum narrating that Mariota Robsoun, relict of Thomas Fergussoun, and John Fawhop, her son, uncompelled and of their own free will, resigned in favour of Roger Robsoun, brother of the said Mariota, all right, &c., in a quarter of an oxgate of land lying in the holm of Dunkow, within the lordship of the same and sheriff- dom of Dumfries, and this for a certain sum paid to the said Mariota and her son. Done in the notary’s chamber. Wit- nesses, William M‘Culloch, and Thomas Harper, burgess of Dumfries. 28th July, 1550. (100.) fol. 116] Memorandum narrating that Richard Davidsone in Larglangly, in virtue of a precept directed by John Greirsoun of Lag, lord of the lands underwritten, to him and William M‘Birnie, dated at the mansion of Lag, 9th August, 1550 [witnesses, Cuthbert Greirsoun, Gilbert Greirson, brothers of the said John, John Welche, and William Cunynghame ], passed to the fifty shilling land of Larglangly, lying in the half barony of Ur, in the stewartry of Kirkcudbrycht and sheriffdom of Dumfries, and there gave sasine thereof to James Johnstone of Blacklaw, son of Gavin Johnstoun in Kirktoun, his heirs and assignees. [The rest of the instru- ment is awanting. | gth August, 1550. This prothocoll buik contenis ane hundreth tuentie ane lievis qroff the first instrumente qlk is contenit upon the first Leiff concernis Jonet Dunbar, Lady Partoun, and ye Last instrumente qlk is contenit upoun ye hundreth and six- teine Leiff concernis James Johnestoun of Blacklaw of ye lands of Larglanglie. CowuHiL_ Esrate. 225 Notes on the Titles of Cowhill Tower, in the Parish of Holywood. By Mr J. C. R. MacponaLp, W.S., Dumfries. The property now known as Cowhill Tower in the parish of Holywood and county of Dumfries extends to about 235 Imperial Acres and has an annual assessable value per Valua- tion Roll of 4.415 10s. It forms a part only of a much larger property which was known by the comprehensive name of Cowhill, and which at one time included the following addi- tional subjects :— The farm and lands of Nether Killylung, now the property of Mrs Hunter. The farm and lands of Glengower, now forming part of the Estate of Portrack. The farm and lands of Muirside, now belonging to Mr W. G. Graham. _ The farm and lands of Druidpark (originally part of Muirside), now the property of Mr R. Swan. The farm and lands of Moss-side and the farm and lands of Birkhall, now belonging to Mr David Maxwell, and The farm and lands of Abbey, immediately adjoining Holy- wood Church, now the property of Mr David Johnstone’s Trustees. The present annual assessable value of these additional subjects is approximately £,1245, so that in round figures the original estate had it remained undivided would to-day have been worth at least 4,45,000 in capital value and would have extended to over 800 acres. The whole of the property embraced in the original estate formed part of the patrimony of Holywood Abbey, and is now held direct of the Crown as immediate over Superior. The feu duties stipulated for in the charters by progress are payable in terms of the Act of Annexation (1587 cap. 29) to Her Grace the Duchess of Norfolk as successor of Lord Maxwell of Nithsdale, who was the Lord of Erection to whom the temporalities of the benefice were gifted immediately after the Reformation. 226 CowHILL ESTATE. From the Charters issued under. the Great Seal subse- quent to the Act of Annexation, but prior to the subdivision of the original estate, it appears that the feu duties amounted in cumulo to £28 18s 10d Scots or £ 28s 2}$d sterling. These feu duties are now collected annually by the Commissioner for the Duchess of Norfolk in the following proportions :— From the proprietor of Cowhill Tower ,.. i Bovrgtes From the proprietor of Nether Killylung... caer Oe Aene From the proprietor of Portrack for Glengower... 0 6 6y4 From the proprietor of Muirside ... pene) LG From the proprietor of Druidpark = Be 8 ori 0) From the proprietor of Moss-side and mire. 0.7.56 From the proprietors of Abbey o 3 114 42 8 aig The casualties or fines payable on the entry of each new vassal go not to the successor of the Lord of Erection but to the Crown Receiver. They are assessed in the case of an heir-at-law of the immediately preceding vassal at a dupli- cand of the feu duty and in the case of all others at one-sixth of the Valued Rent fixed in 1667. In view of this, it may be noted that, as will be shown immediately, the proportion of the Valued Rent of the original Cowhill Estate allocated upon the part thereof\now known as Cowhill Tower is 378M tos 6d or £252 10s 6d Scots, the equivalent of which in sterling money is £21 os 6$d. One-sixth part of £21 os 64d is #3 10s 2d, and this is the sum that was paid to the Crown Receiver on 16th September, 1911, in respect of the entry of the present proprietor. No further claim of the same charac- ter can emerge during his life, and should he be succeeded by his heir-at-law the fine in that event would be restricted to a duplicand of the feu duty, i.e., to 14s 4d. The old Land Tax assessed upon the original estate was 44 17s 6d sterling per annum, but was redeemed in 1803 by a cash payment of 492 5s 7d. The property of Cowhill Tower is therefore exempt from this impost. The teinds of the original estate (exclusive of Nether Killylung, Muircroft, Cardiesland, and Langmyreside, all of which had then been COWHILL ESTATE. 227 sold) were valued by Decree of the Lords of Council and Session on 22nd November, 1769, at the sum of £415 98 7,%d per annum, and were surrendered to the Minister of Holy- wood in satisfaction of his yearly claim for stipend. In terms of the final locality issued in the last augmentation process, this cumulo sum is allocated upon the several properties to which it applied in the following proportions :— Upon the property of Cowhill Tower and Over Killylung ead bop be Re ee eo Upon Glengower _... bie if ae: “. IIS’ 52% Upon Muirside oe a a ii tala sting Upon Druidpark AE Ede TP «. © 12) 888 Upon Moss-side and Birkhall ess cud eels. D7 Upon the farm of Abbey... ud i Pia ONS Als 9 Tits From what has been said it will be seen that the property of Cowhill Tower is practically freehold, being held direct of the Crown for an annual feu duty of 14s 4d, payable to the successor of the Lord of Erection, that no further casualty or fine can be claimed by the Crown during the lifetime of the present proprietor, that the old Land Tax has been redeemed, and that apart from rates and taxes (Property Tax, County Council and Parish Rates, and Fishery Assessment) the only charges upon the property are the claim for Minister’s Stipend which is fixed at £5 10s 2d per annum, and the ecclesiastical assessments imposed from time to time by the Heritors. In terms of the Act of Convention dated 13th January, 1667, the Commissioners of Supply made a revaluation in that year of all the lands in the county, fixing what in their opinion was the value at that time of each separate possession, and this revaluation contained under the Parish of Holywood the following items classed as a whole, the description of each being that appearing in the Ancient Valuation settled in the reign of Alexander III. :— The Four Pound half merkland of the Maynes of Cowhill, The twa halfe merkland of Killielung, The three merk- 228 CowHILL ESTATE. land of Nether Killilung, The merkland of Lochfoot, The half merkland of Muircroft, The fyve shilling land of Newtoune, The fyve shilling land of Birkhill, The merk- land of Muirsyd, The lands of Marchthorn and Black- croft, The Croft called Nairns Croft, The ten shilling land of Tounhead, The merkland of Glengower, and other merkland pertaining to the fyve shilling land of Marchthorne, The ten shilling land of Cardiesland and Langmyreside. These items classed as a whole embraced everything in the parish that at that date (1667) belonged to the then pro- prietor of Cowhill Estate, and their annual value was stated by the Commissioners to amount 7” cumulo to 787M 6s 8d. The farm and lands of Abbey were acquired by Cowhill at a later date, and were entered in the Valuation of 1667 as a separate possession at 112M 6s 8d under the description of ‘“ The merkland of Greystoneflatts with the Abbey Yards,”’ such being the form in which their value was stated in the Ancient Valuation of Alexander III. Power was given to the Commissioners, on the applica- tion of any Heritor at a subsequent date, to subdivide the Valued Rent of 1667 and to allocate it upon its constituent parts, and Nether Killylung, Muircroft, and Cardiesland and Langmyreside having been sold, it became expedient to have this done. Accordingly on 7th March, 1758, on the Petition of Dugald Maxwell, the then proprietor of Cowhill, the cumulo rent stated in the Valuation of 1667 at 787M 6s 8d for the whole estate was allocated by the Commissioners as follows :— M. S. D. Upon the Mains of Cowhill and Over Killylung .... 378 10 6 Upon Lochfoot ae ses 2.611); 22g OmES Upon Marchthorn and lee orolhs tre ee Ge Ss Upon Glengower _... 56 10 6 Upon Birkhill, Caen dand Hines epee a Blackeroft, and one-half of Tounhead he Bye Upon Moss-side and the other half of Tounhead... 41 7 5 Upon Muirside ae i a st a 2s) OT ae 651 6 8 Cownit Estate. 229 And upon the subjects sold :— Upon Nether Killylung —... a7 safe ie. O38 Upon Muircroft ... a Sis 5 ri 2a eR Upon Cardiesland and Langmyreside _... ic. 720) ius & 77S Gein Since the passing of the Lands Valuation (Scotland) Act, 1854 (17 and 18 Vict., cap. 91), the Valuation Roll as we now have it is made up annually with the object of showing the actual rent or value of each separate unit of occupation, and it forms the basis for the imposition of all imperial and local taxes as well as of assessments imposed by the Heritors for the repair of the Holywood Manse. The owner’s liability for all such imposts is measured by the real rent which, in the case of the property of Cowhill Tower, amounts, as appears from the Valuation Roll of 1913-14 to 4.415 10s—a striking contrast to the Valued Rent of the Mains of Cowhill and Killylung which was fixed by the Commissioners of Supply in 1667 at 378M tos 6d or £21 os 64d sterling. This latter figure is still the basis for the liability of the property for repairs to the fabric of the Church and for the maintenance of the Churchyard, and one-sixth of its amount (£3 10s 2d) forms, as has already been stated, the measure of the Crown’s claim for the entry of each vassal other than an heir-at-law. It is of interest to note that the description of the pro- perty in the Ancient Valuation of Alexander III., though expressed in terms indicative of money value (the “‘ land ’’ of so and so), was likewise a measure of extent. Thus, the property of Cowhill Tower represents subjects described as “* The Four Pound half merkland of the Maynes of Cow- hill and the twa halfe merkland of Over Killilung.’’ Keeping in view that a poundland was the equivalent of a merkland and a half (the merk being 13s 4d), it will be seen that the subjects just referred to extended to a seven merkland and a half merkland; and, as a merkland measured 34% Scots acres, the result is to bring out as the total extent of these subjects 260 acres Scots, or their equivalent 325 acres Imperial. This latter figure is 90 acres in excess of the estimated present merk- 230 CowHILL ESTATE. extent of the property (235 acres), but one has to remember that it includes the ground occupied by the Glasgow and South-Western Railway and also, as will subsequently be shown, part of the Farm of Summerhill (formerly called Over Killylung) sold along with Muirside, and parts of the Farm of Bellfield (a portion of the Mains of Cowhill) sold on two different occasions to the Proprietor of Portrack. The Reformation took place in Scotland in 1560, and Queen Mary having procured a Resignation in her own favour of the temporalities of Holywood Abbey at once gifted them to Lord Maxwell of Nithsdale, who appears to have utilised them for endowing two collateral branches of his family, one of which became subsequently known as Maxwell of Cowhill. In response to his request, charters were issued under the Great Seal on 15th March, 1566, 18th November, 1580, and 30th July, 1582, in favour of Robert Maxwell and Elizabeth Maxwell of Tinwald his Spouse in conjunct fee conveying to them and to their heirs the subjects that formed the original Cowhill Estate together with the fishings in the River Nith. The earliest of these charters was granted by Queen Mary, the two later ones by her son James VI. The property with which this branch of the Nithsdale family was endowed re- mained in their possession for over 200 years till 1783, when it was sold by public roup by Charles Murray Maxwell, who married Miss Campbell of Skerrington, and who thereupon assumed the name of Campbell. The farm and lands of Abbey had been added to the estate prior to 1713, while the lands of Nether Killylung, Muircroft, Cardiesland, and Lang- myreside had been sold off between 1740 and 1760. At the roup on 17th November, 1783, the Cowhill Estate as it then existed was purchased on behalf of George John- ston, Esq., Merchant, Liverpool, for the sum of £12,050, it being previously arranged that the purchaser should forthwith resell to Mr Bryce Johnston, then Minister of the Parish of Holywood, at the price of 42210, the part thereof embracing the lands of Moss-side, Birkhall, Carlingcroft, and Slaethorn- croft. The Conveyance therefore that was granted in Mr Johnston’s favour embraced only the remainder of the sub- jects, and the nett price that he paid was #9840. In virtue of CownliL.t ESTATE. 231 the open Procuratory of Resignation, Mr Johnston, as pur- chaser, at once applied to the Crown as his feudal superior for a charter in his own favour, and upon this charter, which was issued under the Great Seal on 27th March, 1786, infeft- ment followed in due course and a complete feudal title was established. It may be of interest to note the exact words of the Crown Grant in Mr Johnston’s favour. They are in the following terms ; Praedilecto nostro Georgio Johnston Armigero de Cow- hill haeredibusque ejus et assignatis quibus cumque haeredi- tarie et irredemabiliter TOTAS et INTEGRAS lie praecinct domos et hortos de Holywood cum silva et mercata terra de Graystoneflat una mercata terra et demidio mercata terra antiqui extentus de Abbey et Graystoneflat vocata Item terras de Glengower cum quinque acris quae pertinuerunt ad lie Mains de Cowhill Item tres mercatas terrarum de Cowhill antiqui extentus Item duas mercatas et demidium mercatam terrarum de Over Killylung Item terras de Muirsides vocatas in antiquis juribus earundem Tres Muirsides Item demidium mercatam terrarum de Hulton vel Holetoun et lie eight Hulton acres super ripas de Nith jacentes constituentes partem Triginta solidatas terrarum de Holetoun cum turribus fortaliciis maneriei locis domibus aedificiis hortis pomariis partibus pendiculis et pertinentibus earundem quibus cumque cum piscationibus in acqua de Nith inter lie Clouden mouth et superiorem partem de Portrack et cum integris partibus earundem omnibus jacentibus infra parochiam de Holywood et vice comitatum de Dumfries. The subjects therefore which Mr Johnston acquired by his purchase in 1786 were the following :— The detached farm and lands of Abbey. The farm and lands of Glengower, including 5 acres that originally were part of the Mains of Cowhill. The farm and lands of Muirside. The farm and lands of Druidpark (then part of Muirside). The Mains of Cowhill (exclusive of the 5 acres above referred to), comprising The 3 merkland of Cowhill of old extent, 232 CowHiILL ESTATE. _ The half merkland of Hulton and the 8 Hulton acres on the banks of the Nith. With The 30s land of Hulton, and the half merkland of Over Killylung. With the Fishings in the River Nith. ‘Mr Johnston died in 1826, and was succeeded by his son Captain (afterwards Vice-Admiral) Charles James Johnston. In 1849 the Glasgow, Dumfries and Carlisle Railway Co. (afterwards the Glasgow and South-Western Railway Com- pany) acquired from Admiral Johnston a strip of the Mains of Cowhill, extending to 8.0593 Imperial acres at the price of #1520 138 6d, and in 1852 there was sold to Mr A. Harley Maxwell, the then proprietor of Portrack, for the sum of #500 a small portion of the half merkland of Hulton. Admiral Johnston died in 1856, and the Trustees acting under his Testamentary Settlement exposed his property for sale by public roup in the following year. It was purchased for 430,540 by Mr William Johnston, of the Bengal Civil Service (the Admiral’s son), who forthwith resold the follow- ing parts thereof at the prices stated -—-- The detached farm and lands of Abbey for ...43500 0 o The lands and farm of Muirside, as now owned by Mr Graham, having included therein cer- tain parts of the lands and farm of Summer-: hill, i.e., those parts thereof lying to the south-west of the public road, consisting of 4 enclosures and extending together to 68.045 Imperial acres, at the price of if) S42 HOmeo The lands and farm of Glengower, along with certain parts of the lands and farm of Bell- field, consisting of two enclosures, now part of the Farm of Lower Portrack, which extend together to 43.904 Imperial acres, at HMS) JOKGS OH aac ae ae a Bes And the lands and farm of Druidpark (originally part of Muirside) at the price of... 4) 75 OOO Ri OO £18,877 0 Oo CowHILL ESTATE. 235 The result of these re-sales was to reduce to £11,663 the price paid by Mr Johnston for the property of Cowhill Tower as it now exists. To this price falls to be added in estimating the present value the large sums spent on improvements, and in particular the cost of the new Mansion House and Offices. Mr Johnston died in 1901, and directed his Testamentary Trustees to offer the property at the price of 415,000 to each member of his family in the order of seniority. It was ulti- mately purchased at that price in 1902 by the present pro- prietor, who had married Mr Johnston’s youngest daughter. The fishing included in the title have proved a fruitful source of contention. They were embraced in the Grant from Queen Mary in 1566 in precisely the same terms as those in which they appear in the Crown Charter in favour of Mr George Johnston issued in 1786, viz. :—‘‘ The fishing's in the Water of Nith between the Clouden mouth and the upper boundary of Portrack,’’ and, as in both Charters the annwal feu duty stipulated for was the converted value of 32 salmon, it is clear that a right of salmon fishing (not a right of fishing for trout merely) was the subject of the Grant. Unfortu- nately, however, charters had likewise passed under the Great Seal attaching a right of salmon fishing to the lands of Portrack on the one side and to Milnhead lower down the stream on the other, and thus arose litigations—first, with John Maxwell of Terraughty, the then proprietor of Portrack, in 1793, and subsequently in 1877 with the late General John- ston of Carnsalloch, as then proprietor of Milnhead. As the result of these law suits, the upper boundary of the Cowhill Fishings is now defined by an imaginary line drawn from the Old House of Cowhill to Foregirth Farm Dwelling-house, and is marked by pillars erected on the river bank, while the boundary with the Milnhead Fishing was fixed by the Court in the law suit of 1877, subject to such adjustments as may be rendered necessary from time to time by the shifting character of the river bed, 234 COLEOPTERA OF THE SOLWAY DISTRICT. A List of the Coleoptera of the Solway District. Part II. By Mr Bertram M‘Gowan. IIl.—To THE END OF THE HYDROPHILIDAE. The next sub-division of the Coleoptera to be dealt with is the Hydradephaga, which are the aquatic representatives of the division of carnivorous beetles known as Adephaga. They are found everywhere in lochs, ponds, streams, etc. These, along with the next division, the Philhydrida, which are herbivorous and for the most part aquatic or semi- aquatic, have been very well worked up in this district by Mr Frank Balfour Browne, one of the recognised authorities on the group, and he has very kindly looked over the present list and brought it up to date. As I mentioned before, a very complete list for the district was published by him in the ‘““"Annals of Scottish Natural History,’’ April-October, 19009. As was done before, the initial letters of the counties (Dum- fries, Kirkcudbright, Wigtown) are given to show in which counties each species has so far been found to occur. Division ADEPHAGA (SuB-Divis1ON HyDRADEPHAGA). Famity HALiPLipé. Brychius elevatus, Panz. not uncommon in running water, rivers Annan, Nith, and Dee. DK FAlaliplus obliquus, F. recorded by Lennon from Glenmill Burn, but probably this record refers to the next species as it may have been washed down by the floods from Lochrutton. K. HZ. confinis, Steph. fairly common in Lochrutton. kK H. flavicollis, Sturm. common in most of our rivers and lochs. IDK H. fulvus, F. also common and found in similar situations as the preceding. K. W. A. ruficollis, De G. common all over the district. D. K, W, COLEOPTERA OF THE SOLWAY DiIstTRICT. 235 H. nomax, B.B. taken by Balfour Browne at Castle-Douglas in 1907. K. A. fluviatilis, Aubé. in running water, scarce, rivers Nith and Urr, and taken by Lennon in a stream above Moff1t Well. K. H striatus, Sharp. taken by Lennon and Sharp in small pools on salt marshes at Kelton and Caerlaverock, also by Lennon at Kirkconnell. D. K. Hi. lineatocollis, Marsh. in ponds, etc., common. D. K. W. FamiLty DyTISscID&. Laccophilus interruptus, Panz. one only taken by Lennon in river Nith above Dumfries. 1D L. obscurus, Panz. recorded by Lennon from Auchencrieff and found in Lochrutton and Carlingwark Loch, also at Rockcliffe, but is scarce. Dae Bidessus minutissimus, Germ. usually a scarce species, found by Balfour Browne among grass lying out on the water in rivers Nith and Ken and Water of Luce. Ke W. Hyphydrus ovatus, L. in lochs and ponds, Auchencrieff (Lennon) also in Clonyard and Carlingwark Lochs, and at Ken Bridge. pe Ke Coelambus versicolor, Schall, found by Balfour Browne com- monly in one spot in the river Dee at Threave Bridge. K. C. 5-lineatus, Zett. common in Lochrutton, Cullochan, and Carlingwark lochs, and at Ken Bridge. Be C. inaequalis, F. in lochs and ponds, common. D. K. W. C. confluens, F. one only taken by Lennon in Caerlaverock salt marsh. 19): C. g-lineatus, Steph. local but not uncommon Lochrutton, Lochaber, Loch Arthur, White Loch, Loch Ken, River Dee at Threave Bridge. K, 236 COLEOPTERA OF THE SOLWAY DISTRICT. C. impressopunctatus, Schall. not uncommon in Caerlaverock salt marsh and at Southwick. DEK Deronectes latus, Steph. recorded from Solway by Sharp as rare in rapid waters. dD. assimilis, Payk. local and usually scarce rivers Lochar, Nith, and Cree, Lochrutton, Lochaber, Loch Arthur, Clonyard, and Maxwelltown lochs. DKW: D. elegans, Pz. (depressus, Brit. Auct.), common in streams and rivers. DEK Ne D. 12-pustulatus, Ol. not uncommon but usually only in autumn rivers Annan, Nith, Cluden, Dee, etc., also in Carlingwark Loch. DWE D. griscostriatus, De G. several specimens taken by Balfour Browne in Polvaird Loch, near Sanquhar, in September, LOI 2.2 1B), Hydroporus pictus, F. in lochs and ponds, local, but common where it occurs. IDB IRS WY. H. granularis, L. very local, but fairly common where it occurs, Maxwelltown Loch, Rockcliffe, and near Kirk- cowan. I Wile H. lepidus, Ol. abundant in many large peat holes, other- wise generally scarce, Racks Moss, Lochar Moss at Bankend, Barclosh Peat Moss, Dalbeattie, Duff’s Loch, one only Water of Luce. * DEK We H. rivalis, Gyll. common in gravelly streams. D Ke wwe H1. septentrionalis, Gyll. common in all the large streams in gravelly parts. Dake Wwe #1. davisii, Curt. not uncommon in Well Burn, Moffat, also recorded by Lennon from near Carsethorn. ID, IK H1. lineatus, F. local, but not uncommon in Lochrutton and Maxwelltown Loch. Ke H. tristis, Payk. common in peat bogs at any altitude. Deve CoLEOPTERA OF THE SOLWAY DIsTRICT. 237 H. umbrosus, Gyll. in lochs and ponds fairly common. D. K. W. H. angustatus, Sturm. scarce, Lochrutton, Dalskairth, Castle-Douglas, Dalbeattie, and near Newton-Stewart. K. W. H. gyllenhalii, Schiod. common, the dominant peat bog species up to about 1000 feet altitude. DP Ke WwW: H. morio, Dej. Criffel, etc., the dominant peat bog species above 1000 feet altitude. K. H. vittula, Er. in ponds, ete., fairly common. Dee WwW. H. palustris, L. abundant. Do KW. . . . . \ . . H. incognitus, Sharp. chiefly in large peat holes in some of which it swarms. DKW. H. erythrocephalus, L. abundant. pare WwW. H. rufifrons, Duft. recorded by Lennon from Lochar Moss near Sandyknowe, very local, but found not uncommonly in a few spots Maxwelltown Loch, Cargen Burn, and at Dalbeattie. D. K. H. celatus, Clark recorded by Fowler from Thornhill and from Criffel by Lennon. DK: H. melanarius, Sturm. a peat moss species occurring not uncommonly at all altitudes. b, K. H.. memnonius, Nic. in ponds, etc., not uncommon. D. K. W. H. obscurus, Sturm. a very common peat moss species. DD. Rew. H. nigrita, F. in ponds, etc., fairly common. D. K. W. H. discretus, Fairm. not common Maxwelltown Loch, Kirk- connell, Lochfoot, Colvend, Dalbeattie. K. H. pubescens, Gyll. abundant. DIES Ww, H. planus, F. also abundant. jh a 238 COLEOPTERA OF THE SOLWAY DISTRICT. H. lituratus, F. common in salt marshes, and occasionally on peat mosses. — Dake H. ferrugineus, Steph., one taken near Loch Skene by Bal- four Browne. D. H. obsoletus, Aube. occasionally found in flood refuse at Kelton, also taken rarely in Cargen Burn (in flood), on Criffel and in Dalbeattie Loch, and found near Loch Skene by Balfour Browne in 1go9. Dike Agabus guttatus, Payk. probably common on high ground throughout the district in clear burns, Criffel, Bengairn, and Screel, and in Cluden near Old Bridge. “Dake A. biguttatus, Ol. taken by Lennon in the district and a single specimen by me in river Cluden near the Old Bridge. D. or K. A. paludosus, F. local, and usually scarce, Lochar Moss, Maxwelltown Loch, Lochfoot, Colvend. D. K. A. uliginosus, L. one specimen in Dublin Museum in Pro- fessor M‘Nab’s collection labelled ‘‘ Tinwald Downs,”’ and taken in some numbers on Preston Merse by Balfour Browne. DAK A. affinis, Payk. fairly common but localised so that it may occur in only two or three pools on a large peat moss, and in those pools it will be common. DK Wwe A. unguicularis, Thoms. Maxwelltown Loch and three other spots in the Stewartry, fairly common. K. A. congener, Payk. not common but widely distributed, peat mosses at quite low altitudes and in company with affinis. DD. K] Wwe A. nebulosus, Forst. a ‘‘ pond’’ species, but occasionally found in peat moss holes, even at high altitudes, e.g., Criffel top. Also common in salt marshes, giving place in more brackish pools to the next species. K. W. A. conspersus, Marsh. common in Caerlaverock and Kirk- connell salt marsh and Preston Merse. Deke COLEOPTERA OF THE SoOLWAy District. 239 A. femoralis, Payk. rare, only found in one pond near Moffat Well by Lennon and in one pond at Rockcliffe by Balfour Browne. ae A. arcticus, Payk. a mountain species, one specimen taken near Moffat by Lennon, and found in 1909 commonly in Loch Skene by Balfour Browne, and one found by him on the side of the Rhinns of Kells, 700’ feet up. =D. K. A. sturmii, Gyll. fairly common but somewhat local. D. K, W. A. chalconotus, Panz. on peat mosses fairly common. D. K. W. A. bipustulatus, L. common and general. Dok: W. Platambus maculatus, L. common in running water. D. K. P. maculatus ab. inaequalis Panz. (=immaculatus, Donn.) found in rivers Nith and Urr. K. Ilybius fuliginosus, ¥. common in ponds, ete. DD. ik W. I. fenestratus, F. fairly common in Carlingwark Loch, and one specimen taken in Lotus Loch by Balfour Browne. K. Z. ater, De G. not uncommon, Gore Moss, Lochrutton, Max- welltown Loch, Cullochan Loch, ete. De K Z. aenescens, Thoms. fairly common in peat mosses. Dik: W. Copelatus agilis, F. one specimen in Dublin Museum in Professor M‘Nab’s collection labelled ‘‘ Queensberry Hill.”’ DD Rhantus exoletus, Forst. common where it occurs, Maxwell- town Loch, Lochaber, Lochrutton, Cullochan Loch, ete. K. R. pulverosus, Steph. one specimen taken by Balfour Browne on Preston Merse. K. R. bistriatus, Berg. moderately common, chiefly on _ peat mosses, less commonly in ponds. DD ii We 240, COLEOPTERA OF THE SOLWAY DISTRICT. Colymbetes fuscus, L. not uncommon, Gore Moss, Maxwell- town Loch, Cullochan Loch, New Barean Loch, Preston Merse, Rockcliffe, etc. Dike We Dytiscus punctulatus, F. not uncommon in lochs and ponds. Di KX D. marginalis, L. also not uncommon. IDS AY Acilius sulcatus, L. in large deep peat holes where there is no weed, also in large deep quarry holes, not uncommon. DUK Awe A. fasciatus, De G. Racks Moss and Lochar Moss at Bank- end, in large deep peat holes in company with sulcatus, common where it occurs but decidedly local; Lochrutton single specimens only by Balfour Browne and myself. Dak The next family are the Gyrinidz, or Whirligig Beetles, which are commonly seen spinning in circles on the surface of the water of our lochs and ponds. Our species of Orectochilus comes out at night and conceals itself during the day time under stones on the banks of rivers, etc. Famity GYRINID-. Gyrinus minutus, ¥. Lochrutton, Lochaber, Loch Chesney. K. W. G. elongatus, Aub. Maxwelltown Loch (Lennon), Cullochan Loch. K. G. natator, Scop. common and general. Dee G. suffriani, Scrib. taken by Lennon in Maxwelltown Loch. Ke G. opacus, Sahl. Clonyard Loch, River Cree. Ke We Orectochilus villosus, Mull. Lochar, Nith, Cluden, Kirk- gunzeon Burn, Loch Ken, Corsemailzie. IDL IK. WY We now come to the Philhydrida before referred to. They are sometimes called Palpicornia from the great deve- lopment of the maxillary palpi, which are often much longer COLEOPTERA OF THE SOLWAY DistrRICcrY. 2-41 than the antennae. Most of the species are very sluggish and are found on the borders of ponds, ete., or attached to stones or logs in streams. The genera Sphaeridium, Cercyon, etc., are found almost exclusively in dung or vege- table refuse, and are essentially land insects, while the re- mainder of the family are found in or in the neighbourhood of water. Famity HyDROPHILIDA. Hydrobius fuscipes, L. common in ponds and on salt marshes, absent or almost so from peat mosses. D. K. Hydrobius fuscipes v picicrus, Thoms. the form almost invari- ably found on peat mosses where it is fairly common. . D. K. W. Philydrus maritimus, Thoms. a single specimen recorded from Corsemalzie by Gordon. W. P. melanocephalus, Brit.:Auct. (fuscipennis, Thoms.), common on peat mosses. Dp. Ky W. P. wigricans, Zett. not common, almost if not entirely con- fined to peaty ground in this district. DE: P. minutus, F. common on peat mosses. DR WwW: P. coarctatus, Gredl. fairly common but local, more common in ponds than on peaty ground. K. W. Anacaena globulus, Payk. common and general. D. K. W. A. limbata, F. not common, Lochar Moss, Maxwelltown Loch, Rockcliffe, near Lochfoot, near Newton-Stewart. D. K. W. Helochares punctatus, Sharp. scarce, Lochar Moss, Kirk- connell Moss, Rockcliffe, Corsemalzie. D. K. W. Laccobius ytenensis, Sharp, not common Colvend, Rockcliffe, River Ken, Kells. K. L. nigriceps, Thoms. not common, New Barean Loch, Col- vend, Nith, Urr. ice L. alutaceus, Thoms. fairly common. K. 249 COLEOPTERA OF THE SOLWAY Di sTRICT. L. minutus, L. also fairly common. * WK ONE L. bipunctatus, ¥. one example taken by Balfour Browne in Maxwelltown Loch and one in another pond in the Stewartry. KG Berosus signaticolis, Charp. taken occasionally by Lennon in small numbers in Caerlaverock salt marsh (recorded as B. spinosus, Stev.). D. B. luridus, L. recorded by Murray from Dumfriesshire on the authority of the Rev. William Little. ID). Limnebius truncatellus, Thoms. common and general. ID WY Chaetarthria seminulum, Herbst. taken by Sharp and Lennon in the district, and by Balfour Browne at Rockcliffe. Deke Helophorus tuberculatus, Gyll. two specimens (one at Kelton in flood refuse), taken by Lennon. 1D: H. porculus, Bed. taken by Lennon in Kelton and Caer- laverock salt marshes. iDY H. nubilus, F. taken by Lennon in same localities as pre- ceding, and by Gordon at Corsemalzie. DEW H. aquaticus, L. common and general, v. aequalis, also pro- bably common. Dak H. viridicollis, Steph. (aeneipennis, Thoms.), common and general. D. K. H. Mulsanti, Rye, common in brackish pools at Kelton and Preston Merse. Delke H. brevipalpis, Bed. common and general. D. Ke wWe H. arvernicus, Muls. River Lochar and Cargen Burn. D. K. Hydrochus brevis, Herbst. taken not uncommonly by Lennon in marshy parts of Maxwelltown Loch. . Ke HA. angustatus, Germ. one only taken by Lennon at head of Maxwelltown Loch. Ke COLEOPTERA OF THE SOLWAY DISTRICT. 243 Henicocerus exsculptus, Germ. not common, rivers Nith, Ken, Cairn, and Cargen Burn. K. Octhebius marinus, Payk. Kelton and Caerlaverock salt marshes and Preston Merse. DK. O. pygmacus, F. scarce, Dalbeattie, Castle-Douglas. K. O. bicolon, Germ. not common, at Kelton and mouth of Lochar, and taken by Balfour Browne at Rockcliffe. ly PAR oe O. rufimarginatus, Steph. one specimen taken by Balfour Browne in Cargen Burn, and one taken by M‘Nab in river Cairn in April, 1868, specimen in Dublin Museum. Dyke O. auriculatus, Rey. not common at Kelton and Southwick. 1D: K. O. lejolisii, Rey. and Muls. taken commonly at Douglas Hall in small rock pools by Balfour Browne. K. Hydraena testacea, Curt. taken rarely by Sharp and Lennon in river Cairn near Irongray. D. H. riparia, Kug. common in grassy ponds and grassy edges of rivers. Do Ko W. H. britteni, Joy. taken by Balfour Browne very commonly on some flooded meadow land near Cargen Burn in March, 1907, and one specimen taken by him in river Cree. K. W. H. angustata, Sturm, recorded by Sharp as rare in Solway, but AH. longior, Rey., is probably the species intended as there is one example in the Dublin Museum taken by M‘Nab in Glenmill Burn in May, 1869. K. H. gracilis, Germ. common in most small streams. K. H. atricapilla, Wat. taken by Lennon in river Cluden near Lincluden, also found by Baifour Browne. K. H. pulchella, Germ. not uncommon, river Nith amongsst grass in the water on Maxwelltown side, also taken in Cargen 244 COLEOPTERA OF THE SOLWAY DiIsTRICT. Burn by Lennon and M‘Nab, and under stones on both sides of the Cairn near Hawhill. D. K. Cyclonotum orbiculare, F. common in flood refuse from Nith and Cairn, and taken at Maxwelltown Loch. Deke Sphaeridium scarabaeoides, L. common in cow dung. DS Kee S. bipustulatum v. marginatum, F. also common. DKS Cercyon littoralis, Gyll. a maritime species common on the coast under decaying seaweed. Dake C. haemorrhous, Gyll, local, under rubbish, ete. Ks C. haemorrhoidalis, F. common in dung. DSK C. obsoletus, ,Gyll. local and scarce, in dung and rubbish heaps. D. C. flavipes, F. common in dung, ete: DRS C. lateralis, Marsh. also not uncommon. 1D C. melanocelphalus, L. very common in dung. Dek C. unipunctatus, L. also common and general. DEKE We C. quisquilius, L. also common and general. D. K. W. C. nigriceps, Marsh. not common in dung, etc. KE C. pygmaeus, Il. common in dung and flood refuse. D. K. C analis, Pk. moderately common in dung and flood refuse. Dake C. minutus, F. occasional in dung and flood refuse. D. Megasternum boletophagum, Marsh. in decaying vegetable matter, rotting fungi, etc., common. Dake Cryptopleurum atomarium, Ol. in similar situations, also common. E Dk 245 FIELD MEETINGS. dist May, 1913. Leadhills and Enterkin Pass. A party, to the number of twenty, spent a most enjoy- able day in the passes through the Lowthers at the north of Dumfriesshire. A start was made shortly after eight o'clock in the morning, the company motoring up Nithsdale to the Mennock Pass. The day was one of bright sunshine, the warmth of the sun being tempered by a grateful breeze; and the valley of the Nith clad in the fresh foliage of early summer, was rich in beauty. The run to Mennock village was made at a good pace, and the six steep miles from there up the Mennock Pass to Wanlockhead and Leadhills were covered at a comfortable rate, which gave ample time for the enjoyment of the splendid hill scenery amid which the road winds. The wild and striking beauty of the Mennock Pass has often been described, and always with a note of admiration. Clerical travellers, and among them Dean Stanley, have discovered that it resembles certain parts of Palestine, the features of the scenery when journeying near Jerusalem having brought to their recollection this road among the Lowthers, where the mountains by which it is surrounded give a favourable idea of the hills of Judea. ‘‘ There is,”’ adds one writer when speaking of the district, ‘‘ one re- markable point of difference. In Scotland the traveller passes through an excellent road, among an honest and industrious population, where the conversation of the commonest will often delight and surprise the man of letters. Among the hills of Palestine the road is almost impassable, and he finds himself among a set of infamous and ignorant thieves, who would cut his throat for a farthing and rob him of his property for the mere pleasure of doing it,’’ The late 246 FIELD MEETINGS. James Shaw, the Tynron schoolmaster, aptly describes the pass itself in a few sentences. ‘‘ Departing from the Nith,”’ he says, ‘‘ at a sharp angle at Mennock, we began slowly to wind up an excellently macadamised road, at every turn of which the glen became more contracted, the trees scarcer, the hills higher, the stream narrower and fiercer, and the vegeta- tion more Alpine. Dark mists, dark heath, dark-winged butterflies, grey whinstone, and blackfaced sheep were for ever turning up; while sometimes, far below us on the solitary road, the thin wail of the much-diminished stream continued to be heard. The hills were now fast becoming mountain masses, on the right dark with heath, on the left verdant with the freshest grass. These mountains were variegated with the parallel tracks of sheep, or seamed from top to bottom with the dry, stony beds of winter torrents.’’ On Saturday, however, dark mists such as are referred to by Shaw were absent, the pass appearing in its most delightful summer aspect, having overhead a blue sky flecked with white clouds, from which came delicate grey shadows which chased each other over the sunlit hillsides. On reaching Wanlockhead the party gladly availed themselves of the opportunity to pause for a few minutes to look round on the singularly picturesque little mining village, the houses of which have of necessity been arranged in rows on the hillsides to face every possible point of the compass. Wanlockhead, which is about fourteen hundred feet above the sea-level, contains the highest house in Scotland, and was the birthplace of Dr William Hastie, Professor of Divinity in Glasgow University, who died in 1903, and was buried in its churchyard; and of Mr Robert Reid, the poet, who has made the whole district vocal with his song. The lead mines, which give employment to most of the men of the village, are the property of the Duke of Buccleuch, and were opened about the year 1680 by Sir James Stampfield. About two hundred and fifty men are now employed in the mines, and in addition to lead, silver is obtained. At one time gold was found in large quantities, a circumstance which earned for the district the name of ‘‘ God’s treasure-house in Scotland.’’ One feature of the village has always been re- - FIELD MEETINGS. 247 marked on by observant visitors, and that is the absence of hens, as it is said that hens cannot live there through picking lead. ‘* Lead-producing, hen-poisoning Wanlockhead ’’ is James Shaw’s facetious way of referring to the place; but the visitors of Saturday can testify to there being at least one man in the village whose hopes and whose hens were not yet dead, as they observed him feeding a lively collection of the fowls in a carefully enclosed run. The peculiar appearance of Wanlockhead and its chilly position on the roof of the county, have been happily described by Mr Robert Reid in his charming poem, ‘‘ Wanlock ’’— Did ye ever hear tell o’ a lanely wee toon, Far hid amang hills 0’ the heather sae broon, Wi’ its hooses reel-rall, keekin’ oot at ilk turn, Like an ill-cuisten crap in the howe o’ the burn; Ane here and ane there, wi’ a fit road atween, In the daftest construction that ever was seen? O there the cauld winter first comes wi’ his snaw, And he likes it sae weel that he’s laith tae gae ’wa; For there’s three months o’ bluster tae ilk ane o’ sun, And the dour nippin’ cranreuch’s maist aye on the grun’: Ay, whyles the corn’s green in the lallans, they say, Or the hinmaist snaw-wreath dwines awa’ on the brae. Proceeding to Leadhills, the party had lunch at the Hope- toun Arms. Previous to lunch, however, a visit was paid to one of the departments of the Marquis of Linlithgow’s lead mines, half-an-hour being available before the works closed for the day. The department visited was that in which the galena is crushed and the impurities removed from it by washing, and the processes were viewed with much interest by the visitors, several of whom brought away a few grains of the metal as a memento. Dr John Brown, writing in 1865, in his well-known essay, ‘‘ The Enterkin,’’ describes ce Leadhills as ‘‘ a dreary, unexpected little town,’’ but goes on to say, ‘‘ The people are thoughtful and solid, great readers and church-goers. They have a capital library. Like all natives of such forlorn, out-of-the-world places, they cannot understand how anyone can be happy anywhere else; and when one of them leaves the wild, unlovely place, they accompany him with wondering pity to the outskirts of their 248 FIELD MEETINGS. paradise, and never cease to implore and expect his return ; for good.’’ In Scottish literary history Leadhills occupies © a place of importance, as it was the birthplace of Allan Ramsay, the poet, whose father was manager in the mines and was descended from a Laird of Cockpen who was a brother of Lord Dalhousie. The library which the village contains is said to have been founded by Allan Ramsay ; though a Mr Stirling, who was an overseer in the mines, and a noted mathematician, has also been credited with its foundation. In the village is a monument to the memory of William Symington, one of the inventors of steam naviga- tion, and who, as is well known, came from these parts to lend his skill and his ingenuity to the production of the steamboat, the first vessel of the kind, which Patrick Miller launched on Dalswinton Loch. The churchyard at Lead- hills contains a tombstone on which it is recorded that there is buried beneath ‘‘ John Taylor, who died in this place at the remarkable age of 137 years.’’ Taylor was a native of Cumberland, and worked for many years in the mines at Leadhills. The age ascribed to him on the tombstone seems to be an exaggeration, though only a slight one, as it appears to be undeniable that at the time of his death he was a hundred and thirty-three. One story that is related of him tells how when he was a hundred and sixteen years of age he went over the hills to fish, but was unexpectedly caught in a snowstorm and gave himself up for lost. ‘‘ But he stuck his fishing rod upright in the snow,” says the narrator of the ce incident, ““ and made another struggle for his life, to a place where he was found. When he had recovered he went back, plucked his rod out of the snow, and returned to begin his new lease of seventeen years of life.’’ At Leadhills the party was divided into two portions, one of which proceeded on foot in the direction of the Enterkin, the other going by motor to Elvanfoot, and from there down the Dalveen Pass. The walking party followed the moorland path which was taken by the genial and kindly author of ** Rab and his Friends ’’ fifty years ago, and as the atmosphere was beautifully clear, they had, as they advanced towards the entrance to the Pass, a marvellously FreLtD MEETINGS. 249 _ extensive view of the green Lowthers, which spread around them in every direction ‘‘ like round-backed, lazy billows in the after-swell of a storm, as if tumbling about in their sleep,’’ and of the far distant hills of other districts to the north and south of them. It is with the sentiments of an exiled native and of a poet that ‘‘ Rob Wanlock’’ has written of this wonderful view from above the Enterkin :— Oh, bonnily there on the muirlan’ heicht The sun looks doon, And bauldly up i’ the warm sunlicht Ilk hauds his croon: Lowther and Steygyle, Auchenlone-- Daintiest hill that the licht looks on: (Aft hae I spiel’d its benty side Wi’ freens noo sinder’d far and wide), While bonnily owre baith burn and brae The sklentin’ shadows o’ e’enin’ play, And syne hap a’ at the close o’ day; Oh, surely the weird, uncanny skill O’ elfin wand Ne’er cuist mair glamour on howe and hill In fairy-land ! Dr John Brown's description of the Enterkin has become famous, but it is always worth repeating, as no prose descrip- tion could be more adequate, except that he places the hills on the wrong sides of the glen for one travelling down the Pass. ““We are now,’’ he says, ‘‘ nearing the famous Enterkin Pass; a few steps and you are on its edge, looking down giddy and amazed into its sudden and immense depths. We have seen many of our most remarkable glens and mountain gorges—Glencroe and Glencoe; Glen Nevis, the noblest of them all; the Sma’ Glen, Wordsworth’s Glen Almain (Glenalmond), where Ossian sleeps; the lower part of Glen Lyon, and many others of all kinds of sublimity and beauty; but we know nothing more noticeable, more unlike any other place, more impressive, than this short, deep, narrow, and sudden glen. There is only room for its own stream at its bottom, and the sides rise in one smooth and all but perpendicular ascent to the height, on the left, of 1895 feet, Thirstane Hill, and on the right, of 1875, the exquisitely moulded Stey Gail, or Steep Gable—so steep that it is no 250 Fietp MEETINGS. easy matter keeping your feet, and if you slip you might just as well go over a bona-fide mural precipice.’’ Defoe, in his account of his Zour in Scotland, has also described the glen in a passage in which he uses many lurid adjectives regard- ing the ‘‘ horrible ’’ and ‘‘ terrifying ’’ nature of the preci- pices and ‘‘ casms.’’ In Covenanting times the Pass was the scene of several rescues on the part of the Covenanters of prisoners from the hands of the dragoons, and at least one of these rescues has become famous in the history of the period. In July or August, 1684, according to Wodrow’s narrative, on which all the subsequent accounts of the incident are based, a number of prisoners from Nithsdale and Galloway were being carried to Edinburgh under an escort _of twenty-eight soldiers, the prisoners tied two and two together upon horses. Two brothers, James and Thomas Harkness, farmers at Lockerben, in Nithsdale, planned a rescue of the prisoners, and gathering between thirty and forty men together, they waited under cover in the Enterkin Pass, along the steep side of which the dragoons and their charges were obliged to travel. Presently the cavalcade was seen coming slowly up the Pass in single file, owing to the narrowness of the path, and it is said that as they approached the Covenanters the leader, Captain Kelte, was singing a popular song which was particularly offensive to the Cove- nanters, whereupon James M‘Michael, the famous “‘ Black M‘Michael,’’ who killed the curate of Carsphairn, and brother of Daniel, who was killed in Dalveen, deliberately fired at the officer, shooting him through the head, his body falling over into a ravine which still bears his name. The dragoons were routed, and all the prisoners were set at liberty except one, who afterwards died in prison in Edin- burgh as the result of a neglected wound in his arm. Another of the prisoners had the misfortune to be caught again by the soldiers, who shot him in the face with small lead, with the result that he became blind for life. The rescue was followed by an inquisition throughout the whole of the parishes in the vicinity of the Enterkin, lasting for six weeks, so that, as Wodrow says, “‘ it brought much trouble to Nithsdale.’’ Half-way down the Enterkin is a delightfully FieLtp MEETINGs. 251 clear cool spring of water named Kirsty’s or Katie’s Well, at which the antiquaries on Saturday refreshed themselves, and about which Mr Robert Reid has written in his charming way, seizing the true sentiment of the place. A short distance from the foot of the Pass the party crossed the side of the hill by a path leading to Nether Dalveen farm, where the rest of the party was to be joined, visiting on the way the monument to the memory of Daniel M'‘ Michael, which stands on the hillside facing the Dalveen Pass at the place where he was shot, in a particularly callous manner, in the year following the rescue in the Enterkin. The monument was erected in 1836, but the tablet on the front of it which bears the inscription was renewed about thirty years ago by a former minister of the church at Scaur- bridge. Daniel M‘Michael lies buried in the churchyard at Durisdeer. Those of the members who did not walk down the Enterkin had an hour to spend in Leadhills, and advantage was taken of the opportunity to examine a few of the minerals found a short time ago in a new opening or drive into the same ridge as the old Susanna mine, which was so rich in rarities when worked. They comprised, among others, the two rare lead sulphates, Leadhillite and what was thought to be Lanarkite, which is the rarest of the minerals occurring at Leadhills. Very good specimens were found of Caledonite and Linarite, which are the sulphates of lead and copper, and have very fine coloured crystals. They had also been found in the mine, Leadhills Dod, associated with chrysocolla and malachite. A very fine specimen of native gold was also exhibited which had been found in a stream at the bottom of the village. Another hour could have been spent very profitably by the party among the minerals, but as sixteen miles lay between them and the point where they were to meet the walking party, a start had to be made. The two parties met in the vicinity of Durisdeer, a locality to which Burns has added a charming interest by making: it the scene of his song ‘‘ Last May a braw wooer,’’ and an exceedingly pleasant run was made by way of Thornhill to Dumfries, which was reached shortly after six o’clock. 252 PRESENTATIONS. 17th October, 1913.—Mr A. O. Curle—Specimens of Vitrifaction from Mote of Mark, Colvend, Castle Gower Fort, Edgarton Mote, Kirkcudbrightshire, and Mullach Fort, Dumfriesshire. Mr Robert Gladstone, Jun.—Some Account of The Glen- riddell MSS. of Burns’s Poems, ed. by Henry A. Bright, Liverpool, 1874. Mr J. Robison, Kirkcudbright—Engraving of Caerlaverock Castle by William Daniell, 1816. 14th November, 1913.—Dr J. W. Martin, Newbridge—A Stone Axe, 4 inches lon by 2} inches broad, found at East Preston, Kirkbean, by Alexander Murray, in November, 1911. 28th November, 1913.—Mr G. F. Scott Elliot, on behalf of Dr Hauser, a collection of 55 Stone Implements, comprising flint scrapers, borers, etc.—16 examples of the Magdalenian period from Lonqueroche (Station 45); 16 examples of Solutréan industry from L’angerie intermediare (Station 14), Dordogne ; 5 examples of La Micognian industry from La Micogne (Station 1); 4 examples of Aucheulean industry from the Lower Grotto of the Moustier (Station 44), Dorgogne; 5 examples of Moustierian industry from the Terrace at Le Moustier (Station 43); 15 examples of Aurignacian industry from Sergeac, Dordogne (Station 52). Mr G. F. Scott Elliot—Bones of Cave Bear from Rock- shelter, Ardennes; Contemporary with the Moustierian Period. Mr M. H. M‘Kerrow—Minute Book of the Incorporated Trade of Squaremen in Dumfries from 14th December, 1821, to 14th September, 1848. R. C. Reid, Esq.—Copies of the Oath of Aliegiance (3 vellum rolls), Oath of Abjuration (4 vellum rolls), and Oath of Assurance (4 vellum rolls). These are all dated 30th April, 1818, and are signed by the county gentlemen and others in Dumfriesshire. Plan of Part of the Estate of Middlebie, the property of George Clerk, Esq., comprising Darglaw Hill, Scott’s Brigg, Stony Beck, Potstoun, Walls, Peat Know and Common. Sur- veyed, March, 1776, by J. A. Wells. ; Plan of Cress-well, in the Parish of Dumfries, belonging to R. Jardine, Esq. Surveyed, December, 1809, by James Jardine. South-Western Section of Map, entituled ‘‘ General View of the Mineralogy, or Internal Structure of Dumfriesshire, prepared for the County Map,’’ by Brigt General Dirom, of Mount Annan. Gives also Sections of Susanna Vein of Lead at Leadhills, of Louisa Vein of Antimony at Glendinning, near Langholm, of Borings for Coal at Aiket Muir, near Comlongon, PRESENTATIONS. 2538 in 1794, at Repentance Hill, near Hoddom Castle, in 1791, at Linnbridge Ford, near Kirkleton, in 1793-5, and at Canonby, near Langholm, in 1792; and a description of the district. Royal Historical Society. Transactions, N.S., XVI.-XX., 1902-6. Pollen, J. H., Ancient and Modern Furniture and Wood- work (South Kensington Museum Art Hand-Books). Fortnum, C. D. E., Maiolica (South Kensington Museum Art Hand-Books). Archeological Journal, Nos. 252-6, 258-61, 1906-9. British Archeological Association. Collectanea Archzo- logica, Vols. 1 and 2 [include Itineraries of Edward I. and Edward Ii., by C. H. Hartshorne]. Royal Commission on Historical Manuscripts, 6th Report, Parts 1 and 2 [includes MSS. of the local families of Menzies of Enoch and Carruthers of Holmains]. Anonymous—Two Documents (1) Disposition by Archibald Stewart, merchant burgess of Drumfreis, of nine roods of land in the territory of the said burgh in the part thereof called the Marchhill, bounded by the lands of Nonholme on the north, the lands of wmqll Harbert Dicksone on the east, the lands of James Young on the south, and the King’s hie streit on the west; also nine roods of land lying in that part called the Gallacloiss between the lands of James Young on the west, the King’s hie streit on the south, the lands of wmqle John Ranyning lait provist on the east, and the lands of wmqll John Maxwell messenger on the north; also the barne and yaird with- out the Lochmabine gaite betwixt the barn and yard pertain- ing to Robert Beatie on the west, the King’s hie streit on the north, the barne pertaining to Robert Grahame lait provist on the east, and the lands of wmqll Cristane Morisone on the south in favour of Thomas M‘Kitrick merchant burgess in fee and Barbara M‘Call his spouse in liferent. Witnesses, John Maxwell, writer in Dumfries, and William Irving, merchant burgess of Dumfries. 22nd May, 1678. (2) Instrument of Sasine proceeding on above. John Richardson, elder, acting as procurator for Archibald Stewart, by the hands of David Bishope, one of the bailies of Dumfries. Witnesses, William Irving, younger, merchant in Dumfries, John M‘Burnie, workman, there, James Ker son to William Ker, weaver, there, and William Douglas, burgh officer. Notary William Mak- george, clerk of the diocese of Glasgow, clerk depute of the Burgh of Dumfries. 24th May, 1678. Indorsation—Agnes M‘Kitrick cognosed as one of the four heirs portioners to Thomas M‘Kitrick, her uncle, 25th Feb., 1721. Witnesses, Geo. Gordon, Geo. Bell, and Alexander Gordon. Mr James Muir, Chorlton-cum-Hardy—Engraving of Tom Faed by James Faed. One of a few copies taken from the plate purchased from Mark Faed and otherwise unpublished. 254 EXHIBITS. 12th December, 1913.—The Secretary, on behalf of Sir William and Lady Maxwell of Cardoness—Three examples of the National League and Covenant of 1638. The most important of these is described on pp. 111-115. The other two are of the more familiar type, being hand written, the one on vellum, measur- ing 26% by 28 inches, the other on a roll of paper of four sheets, each 14 by 12 inches, a fifth sheet being missing. The signa- tures, about 50 of which are holograph in both examples, almost duplicate each other. They number, on the vellum copy, 355 names and on the paper copy 277, and are as follows :— Vellum copy—Holograph signatures—Mr William Maxwell, minister at Minigoff; Arthore Dunbar off machermior; J. Dunbar; Alexr. Stewart; Patrik M‘Kie, baillzie of Monygof ; James Stewart, belze of Mongyf; Alexander Roxburghe; Johne Mequharg; W. Hunter, notar; Johne Murdoch; Johne Sloane; Johne Steuart; Thomas Mequharg; Thomas ; Johne Mequecheine; Johne M‘Knaght; Johne Mctco——; M. H. Charteris; Andro Heroune in Kirouchtrie; Johne Maxwell; James M‘Millane; James Steuart; Patrick Douglas; John Mé illoch ; Johne Mequhonnell; robert M‘Kie; John M‘Millane; William Mcgowne, —— ; Johne Hamiltone ; Thomas Mcquhonel ; —— Stewart of ffisgill; Alext Stewart; Johne Stewart; Johne Mequharg; Patrik Herrovn; George Bell; Johne M‘Millane; John Cunynghame; John Mc¢clymount; Thomas M‘Kean; Archibald Makclauie; Patrik Thomsoune; Patrik M¢cauell; James Muir; Johne Mecord; Alexander Gray; James Gray. Paper copy—‘‘ Wryttene be Patrick Garroch, wryter in Wigtoune.’”? Holograph signatures—Mr William Maxwell, minister at Minigoff; Sr P. M‘Kie off Larg; Alexr. Stewart; J. Dunbar; Alext Steuart; Andro Gray; Arthore Dunbar off Machermuir; Patrik Heron of Kirrouchrie; Johne Stewart; Pe—— M¢quharg; Johne Cunyghame; Patrik M‘Kie, baillzie of Monygoff; William Dunbar; Andro heroune in Kirouchtrie ; Williiame Mcgowne; John Finlaysoune; James M‘Millne; Alexander Roxburgh; John M‘Millane; Thomas M‘Kean; David Mcculloch; Johne M¢gauchein; Patrik M‘Kie; James Steuart; John Murdoch; Johne Maxwell; Johne M‘Millane; Robert M‘Kie; John M‘Knocht; Patrik Douglas; Archibald M‘Clauie; Johne M‘Millane; Johne Sloane; John’ M‘Cord; John M‘Cord; James Muire; Patrick M‘Cawell; Robert M‘Cawell; Johne hamiltoun; W. Hunter; Johne M‘Quharg; Johne Mcquharg; Johne M‘Millane; John Mcquhonnell; John Steuart; Johne Roxburght; John M‘Cornock; George Bell; EXHIBITS. 25: Thomas Reid; Patrik Thomsoune; Gilbert m¢ellwer; Alexr. gray; James Gray. Paper and vellum—We, Jon Mceclymount and Jon Gordoune in Kirrirdoche, Johne Megowne in Kirrimore; George Gor- doune in Kirriekenene, Johne M¢clymont, ther; Thomas Mccully and Jon M¢taggirt in Polgoune; Jon M¢equhardg in Kirricastell; Mairteine M¢cilroy and Patrick Thomson in Kill- kerow; Doncane, Andro and Jon M¢equhardges in Strone; Andro M‘Millane in archkonchene; Thomas, Jon, W™. and Adam gordounes in Inchbuchaine; Andro and Quinteine findlaysounes in Kiriachtrie; Gilbert, Alext and Anthonie M‘Caads in Trostane; Alexr. and findlay Mcequhardges in Auruch, Jon aird, ther; George M‘Millane, Jon M‘Kie; Jon Méquhennell in Clechmallock; Thomas MelIlroy and Alext Mequhennell in Glencaird; Patrik M‘Kie, Andro Mequhennell, Patrik M¢taggirt in Largforag; Jon Megill and Andro M¢gowne in merkcove; Gilbert and Thos Cairdes and James Herroune in Drumjohane; Jon M‘Millane, and Jon M‘Teir in Landboy; Jon and george M¢clurges in Carndirrie; Alext Douglas in Dalnaw; Jon M¢dowell in glen- gruboch; Archibald Heirreane and Jon Mé¢canise ther; Jon and patrick M‘Kies, patrick and James M¢coires in bargre- nane; James Campbell in Drummellwantie; Jon M‘Taggirt ; Andro douglas and Jon M‘Kie in Drumrickloche; David Shaw and Andro M‘Kie in Monewik; Alext Thomsoune in Brigtoune ; Anthone M‘Millane in Firrochbae; Patrik M‘Kie in Meikle Caldounes ; Quinteinne findlaysoune in littell caldounes ; Johne and Gilbert M‘Kies, Gilbert Megowne, Jon Hendrysoune and Patrick M¢taggirt in holme; Rot Tait and Patrick tait in Borgane; Alext, Jon, Thomas, Patrik Stewarts and Patrik Mequhroyters, elder and younger, in Larg; James Mequhardge and Alexr Thomsoune in cammer; Archibald Douglas, Walter Mctaggirt in Lagbaes; James Willsone, Rot Stewart, and Jon Mequozd in Cardorkane; Jon M‘Millan in clonts, peiter Douglas ther; John Mequhroyter, thomas M¢coyd, Doncane Mequhroyter, Jon M‘Millane in Tochregane; Jon Stewart elder and Jon Stewart younger, Andro meines, Thomas Meclellane in Drongandow; Jon M¢crakane in Barclay; Jon Watloum and george tait in Barclay; Alext Meclellane, Jon Megill in Dirrigal; Rot Mecord, Andro Méegowne, Jon Mechlauchline, Jon Murdoche, Alext Stewart, Rot Megowne, John Davidsoune, elder, Jon Davidsoun, zounger, in Borland ; Mungo herroune in Kirkland; Jon Simpsone, Jon cunigame, Jon Stewart and Alext Stewart in clauchrie; Jon Mequhenill, elder, in Glenmalloch ; Jon Sk—— herne and thomas Meeaa in Glenmalloch; Donnie M‘Kie and Jon Meclurg in Knockbrex ; William Stewart, Jon Campbell in Glenshalloch; Barnard, thomas, Jon, Alext M‘Kies, Jon and Alext morrazes and patrick Stewart in Garlarge; Jon m(¢chrachire, elder and 56 EXHIBITS. zounger, in Lomoquhen ; Andro finlaysonne and Alext Simpsoun in Laggane; Jon and ninean Memillanes, Jon Gordoune and Jon Mecornock in Craigginkalzie; Jon, Patrick and quinteine Memillanes in Craignell; Thomas Méequhroyter in firroch; Jon and James MeMillanes in Polbrekbuy; Mathew and Jon reids in craigdews; Wm. M‘Millane in Tonergie; Alext and James M‘Millanes in Tonotrie; Jon M‘Mil- lane in Dickitrick; Jon and William M‘Millanes, Thomas and michaell M¢clellanes in corwar; Walter M‘Millane and Andro Megauchane in overdalashe; Jon Reid and Jon Stein- sonne in Dalashecairnes; Jon M‘Kinnell and patrik maxwell in Barhose; Rot and Jon cunighame and patrik heuchane in Bargallie; Jon and Wm. culbertsounes in ardwell; Michaell, Rot, and Jon M¢clellanes and Jon campbell in Credock; Rot and Alext Mccoskries, Jon and thomas heuchanes, Jon Mégill, patrik m¢cleave, Jon Ramsay, Jon merteine, Rot M‘Millane, Jon Mccheitchie, Jon Doncane in Bardrochwood; Jon, Walter, and Jon M‘Chessnyes, Jon Mcgimpsies, elder and younger, and Jon murdoche in Littlepark ; Quinteine m¢cleane in stron—— ; Donald, Jon, and James M‘Kies in Blackcraig ; Jon m¢dowall in ——outane; Alext conchie, Thomas Steinsonne, Johne heuchane, thomas heucheane, Andro maillige, patrick edzeare in cawgell; James mcquhard in Glennamore; Patrick Stewart in Craignine; Jon murrayes, elder and zounger, in Barn- cauchall; Jon herroune in Drumnaucht; Jon m¢dowall in Corquhinock; Jon and gilbert mcdowells and alext craik in Lesons; andro m¢gauchie in Drakmorne; Jon murray ther; Patrick murrayes, elder and zounger, and peiter murray in Stroubay ; Alext M‘Caa, Jon herroune, Patrick M‘Millane, Jon Mcchessny in auchenlack; adam gordoune, Thomas Douglas in Risk; Jon ghrame, James and andro M¢cornockes, george findlaysone in Drumnaquhinzie; Alext M‘Brydes, zounger and elder, in Glenhoise; Jon and Wm. M‘Brydes, Patrick and Wm. M‘Cawelles, Walter M‘Millane and Rot murdoche in Glenhoise ; Andro M‘Cornock in Kirtrochwod; Donald Thomsone, Jon M‘Kie, George herroune; Jon Roxburghe in Kirochtrie; Johne Paper copy ends here. Vellwm copy proceeds: —mé¢quod, Jon Sloane, Alex? m¢dowalle in machirmore; Alex? m¢chuchie, Alext Mcclurg, Jon Dowane in Carsnaw; William Mccleawe in carsmaneiche; Alext Mcclowane, Gilbert and Thomas herrounes in meiklecarse; George M‘Millane, Robert Roxburght, Andro M‘Millane, Alexr M‘Kie, ninean Bodden, hew menzies, david chalmers, James M‘Millane and Jon M¢coskrie, Rot. good, Jo. M‘Millane, patrick M‘Kie, Jon M‘Coskie, Jon Bodden, Alext M‘Chachie, patrick Wilsone, William M‘Kie, Jon M‘Cord; Wm. Mechachie; Wm. Roxburgh, James Murdoche, Andro Bannoch, Jon Mure, Wm. Sloane, Culbert Simpsone, Jon Bodden, Patrick Stewart, thomas Mcilroy, Alexr. Herroune in the toune of monegoffe, with our hands at the pen led be the EXHIBITS. 257 notars underwritten at of commands becaus we canot wryt of selffs. Ita est Andreas gray notarius publicus de mandatis dictarum personarum subscriptarum scribere nescentium asser- uerunt in premissis requisitus. Ita est guillielmus Hunter not. p. : Back—Alexander M¢cleave in bardrochwood; Robert M‘Coskrie ther, and Alexander Heuchane ther; Alexander heuchane in Greddock ; Alexr. Mcchessny in Bargallie; Andro muligane in Dalascheairnes; Thomas M¢cquhreyter in firroch; William thomsonne in Larg; Robert Stewart and Johne Mccoyde in Cardorkane; James M‘Millane in firrochbae; Gil- bert M‘Kie, younger, in heliae [?]; Williame Mezwale in Risk; Docane M‘Kie in Markcove; Patrick M‘Millane and John M‘Ilwayane in Barlarge; William Mcdowall in Carsdoncane ; Robert Mcchouchtie in Culgow ; James M¢ecaddam in Laggane; Patrick Mcquhardge in nather Stronbae; John Mcclardge in glenhoyse ; Jon M¢indric [?]; Rot. M‘Bryde in glenhoise; Jon M¢quhardge in crouchlie; Jon. M‘Millane in dricknaw; Andro coutart in holme; Jon and Patrick Stewarts in Caruuer; John tait in Drongaher; Thomas Simpson in Tochreline; Alext Stewart in Garlies; Andro findlay, younger, in laggane; James Allane, Taylor in Carsnaw; John M¢clurdge in macgramore; Johne M‘Dowall in Corsnaw; Alexander M‘Crakane in Cull- gow; John M‘Caa in drongandow; Alexr. Memulzerdoch and patrick taite in barony ; Jon Dunell ther; John M‘Jorrie, elder and zounger, ther; Jon M¢rewie ther. Ita est Laurence gray notarius publicus. Glasgow Determination on back signed by—John Mequharg ; Mr William Maxwell; Hew Stewart; J. Dunbar; —— Steuart; Patrick M‘Kie; Alext Steuart; James Steuart; Alext Mequharg; Andro Herron; Alext Roxburgh; Johne Keillie. 30th January, 1914.—_Mr M. H. M‘Kerrow, on behalf of an anonymous gentleman—The following intaglios and coins :— (1) Moss Agate Ring; (2) Persian Intaglio, possibly pre- Mohammedan ; the motive of the two lions, recalling Samarian art, but incorrectly rendered; (3) a white cornelian intaglio, probably Persian and of later date than the 16th century. Three Parthian Coins—(a) Mithradates III., 57-54 B.o.; (b) Volageses I., 57-77 a.p.; (c) Volageses V., 207-221 a.p.; a Ducat of Rudolf II. of Austria, 1586; a West Friesland Coin, 1698; a Sequin of Mare Ant. Guistiniani of Venice, 1683-8. 13th February, 1914.—Mr W. H. Armistead—Exhibits in illustra- tion-of his paper. Dr Martin, on behalf of Mr Smith, Bellfield, Holywood— Flint Chips (14), a small Scraper, and a Flint Core, from Holywood. 258 EXCHANGES. Aberdeen: University Library. Banff: Banffshire Field Club. Belfast: Belfast Naturalists’ Field Club, The Museum, College Square. Berwick-on-Tweed: Berwickshire Naturalists’ Club (Secretary, Rev. J.J. M.L. Aiken, Manse of Ayton). Buenos Ayres: Museo Nacional, Buenos Ayres, Argentine. Cambridge: University Library. Cardiff: Cardiff Naturalists’ Society, Cardiff (Secretary, Dr O. L. Rhys, 22 St. Andrew’s Crescent). Carlisle: Cumberland and Westmorland Antiquarian and Archzo- logical Society, Tullie House. Edinburgh: Advocates’ Library. Botanical Society of Edinburgh, 5 St. Andrew Square. Edinburgh Geological Society, India Buildings, Victoria Street. Society of Antiquaries of Scotland, Queen Street. Glasgow: Andersonian- Naturalists’ Society, Technical College, ' George Street. Glasgow Archeological Society, 207 Bath Street. Geological Society of Glasgow, 207 Bath Street. Glasgow Natural History Society, 207 Bath Street. Halifax, Nova Scotia: Nova Scotian Institute of Science, Hawick: Hawick Archeological Society. Langholm: Eskdale and Liddesdale Archeological Society (Secre- tary, Rev. George Orr, North Manse, Langholm). Hull: Hull Scientific and Field Naturalists’ Club, The Museum, Hull. Yorkshire Naturalists’ Union, The Museum, Hull. London: British Association for the Advancement of Science. Burlington House. British Museum, Bloomsbury Square. British Museum (Natural History), South Kensington. Marlborough: Marlborough College of Natural History, The College. Oxford: Bodleian Library. Perth:. Perthshire Society of Natural Science, Natural Here Museum. Reigate: Holmesdale Natural History Club. Rowlands Gill: Vale of Derwent Naturalists’ Field Club (Kditor, Leonard Turner, 8 Albert Drive, Low Fell, Gateshead-on- Tyne). Sheffield: Sheffield Naturalists’ Club, The Museum. Stratford: Essex Field Club, Essex Museum of Natural History, Romford Road. EXCHANGES. 259 Stirling: Natural History and Archeological Society, Smith Institute. Stockholm, Sweden: Kung Vitterhets Historie och Antikvitets Akademien. Surrey Archeological Society (Secretary, A. H. Jenkinson, The Record Office, Chancery Lane, London.) Toronto, Canada: The Canadian Institute, Provincial Museum, St. James Square, Toronto. Torquay: Torquay Natural History Society, The Museum. United States :— Brooklyn, N.Y.: Brooklyn Institute of Arts and Sciences. Chapelhill, N.C.: Elisha Mitchell Scientific Society. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard College Museum of Comparative Zoology. Peabody Museum of American Archeology and Ethnology Chicago: Field Museum of Natural History. Davenport, Iowa: Davenport Academy of Natural Sciences. Madison, Wis. : Wisconsin Academy of Sciences, Arts, and Letters. Minneapolis, Minn.: Minnesota Academy of Natural Sciences. Meriden, Conn.: Meriden Scientific Society. New Brighton, N.Y.: Staten Island Association of Arts and Sciences. New Orleans, La.: Louisiana State Museum. New York: New York Academy of Sciences. Notre Dame, Ind.: University of Notre Dame. Philadelphia: Academy of Natural Sciences. Rochester, N.Y.: Rochester Academy of Sciences. St. Louis, Mo.: Missouri Botanical Garden. Washington: Smithsonian Institute, U.S. National Museum. United States Bureau of Ethnology. United States Department of Agriculture. United States Geological Survey. Upsala, Sweden: Geological Institute of the University of Upsala. 260 “ABSTRACT OF ACCOUNTS FOR THE YEAR ENDING 30th SEPTEMBER, 1913. 1.—On Account of Capital. CHARGE. By Sum Invested on Bond and Dire oe in Secur i : at 33 per cent. ... AG ‘ eseoll ey W) DISCHARGE. Nil. 11.—On Account of Revenue. CHARGE. Balance on hand 5 fhe ae ine £6 7 6 Annual Subscriptions—341 at 5s ; ‘17 at 2s 6d; and 6 Arrgars at ds ... ae : a ie I 88 17 6 Donations ioe aie ee siald Be Tey 510 0 Transactions sold Nee se ae ae DIES Interest on Loan, less ‘8s 3d tax... Bee slag os 614 0 Interest on Deposit Receipt ne Ae ae ae 010 4 Amount of Charge Laat dee .. £110 6 10 DISCHARGE. Rent, Taxes, and Insurance ah E36 i poe el@) 1@). a! Printing of Transactions, ete. Se os a ane 6114 5 Stationery and Ady grisine: Ac ae a foe 10 14 9 Miscellaneous of the ee ae tt 16 4 11 609 Viaes ABSTRACT. 1.—On Account of Capital. Amount of Charge De ee ee Rae See eee 2 © Amount of Discharge ... ais Bo ae fe By Nil 11.—On Account of Revenue. eid Amountof Charge ier pa Aes ... £110 6 10 Amount of Discharge eis ae Aas 99 4 5 Sum on hand soe S56 ae eee, 2) & We have examined the Books and Vouchers of the Dumfries- shire and Galloway Natural History and Antiquarian Society for 1912-13, and certify that the foregoing Abstract exhibits a correct view of the Treasurer’s operations for the year. (Signed) JOHN SYMONS, Auditor. BERTRAM M‘GOWAN, Auditor, 22nd October, 1913. be 261 LIST OF MEMBERS OF THE SOGIETY. Revised to 15th June, 1914. Those who joined the Society at its reorganisation on 3rd November, 1876, are indicated by an asterisk. LIFE MEMBERS. Re Ree ACOLCR! ACID UREN 5. cavsencocpvenv Ruthwellb ack geccst taser tdsceetnseeete 18/5/08 Dinwiddie, L. M. , Albany, Dumfri€s ioe cieecde. 12/4/12 Hunter, Thomas S., Woodford, Dumfries .................. 12/4/12 Hunter-Arundel, H. W. F., of Barjarg, Dumfries ...... 29/11/12 Irving, Colonel, of Bonshaw, Annan .........sccscsesseeeseees 18/1/01 Irving, H. C., Burnfoot, Ecclefechan ..............csessseeee { [07 Irving, John, Rosemount Cottage, Maxwelltown ......... 14/5/14 Irving, John A., West Fell, Corbridge-on-Tyne ......... 7/12/06 Irving, John Bell, Beaulands, Crosby-on-Fden, Carlisle 16/10/03 Irvine, Wm. Ferguson, F.S.A., 56 Park Road South, Ebi rennin slope aol acco etennt cenit seeks piste nelenesaousisiase weeldura 7/2/08 Jackson, Colonel, Holmlea, Amman ..........:sseeeeees meame wie 9/8/05 Jamieson, Rev. J. Bryce, Greyfriars’ Manse, Dumfries... 25/10/12 Jardine, Bailie, Ednam Cottage, Annam ..............+:500+ 29/11/12 Jardine, D. J., of Jardine Hall, Lockerbie ...............+44 12/4/12 Jardine, Sir William, Luce, Annan ...........:.cseseeeeeeeees 26/4/12 Jardine, Major Wm., Craigdhu, Capetown ...........sse00s 17/6/11 Jardine, Wm., Wauchope, Klipdam, Kimberley ............ 17/6/11 Jenkens, A. J., Victoria Terrace, Dumfries ...,.......+00+++ 8/4/10 190 195 200 205 210 220 230 240 266 List oF MEMBERS. Jenkens, Mrs, (Victoria Perrace, Dumiries. s...2.-0clesseaes 8/4/10 Jenkins, Ross T., National Bank of Scotland, Edinburgh 12/4/12 Johnson- Pere ouson, Sibe dio - J0,, | Bawer,- of Springkell, Hecletechan: 55 .siccce cee rotien tinucoee nates a cwocehl ca eee 30/5/96 Johnson-Kerguson, A., Knockhill, Heclefechan ............... 9/9/05 Johnston, Christopher, M.A., Ph.D., M.D., LL.D., Pro- fessor of Oriental History and Archeeology at John Hopkins University, 21 West 20th Street, Bal- tamonre: “USA... ousssssaccasesedecwe uae sects ee aceee Reet eePee 26/4/12 Johnston, Dr S. K., Burnbank, Penpont ............2:.-00+-s 12/4/12 Johnstone- Douglas, "AG Ele , Comlongon dais $v seine a eee 20/10/09 Johnstone, F. A., 56 Queen’ s Gate, London, ’'S.W. ss... 11/4/11 Johnstone, John T., Millbank, Moffat: ..ssesc.0sesee ae 4/4/90 Johnstone, ee Bie Balvaig, Maxwelltown ..sssccccoseseseeeee 12/9/08 Johnstone, Mrs, ‘Victoria Terrace, Dumfries ............... 17/2/96 Johnstone, aM S., Victoria Terrace, Dumifites <..es-sseeeeee 19/2/09 Johnstone, W. S, Victoria Terrace, Dumfries ..........2+- 11/2/98 Kellock, R., J .P., 78 Promenade, Portobello ............0+ 12/4/12 Kennedy, Colonel J. M., M.V.O., of Knocknalling, Waal ys ies sae deine ace Meise ha tiod cto ic Ghee ek eee ee 12/4/12 Kennedy, Robert, Bank House, Thornhill .................. 12/4/12 Kerr, James, Merton Hall, Newton-Stewart ......0000..+- 24/7/09 Keswick, J. daw ot Mabie. Dumibnies))is.-.ncssses see neeeee eee e eee 6/3/08 Kidd, Mrs, 10. Grange Terrace, idin burg Soha 14/11/13 Kirkpatrick, John George, 32 Morningside Park, Edin- bun Gir, cn ccacestwae si anioase ace cen te- aeons Meee eta aee ee co eee eee 12/4/12 Kirkpatrick, Rev. R. S., The Manse, Govan ............... 17/2/96 _ Kissock, James, Solicitor, Dumfries © .2ss cde. usecoeeeeeereeee 19/2/09 Laurie, "Colonel C. R., Maxwelton House ............... 20/1/11 Lebour, Mrs Nona, Poth House, Corbridge-on-Tyne 25/10/12 *Lennox, Jas., WH. SA. Scot., Edenbank, Maxwelltown ... 3/11/76 Lennox, ‘John, ’ Whitethorn, ‘Dumfries... /.:c.cecs eee 10/1/13 Lewis, R. M., Rotchell Road, Mia xiwellliGowmliee see eeeeeeeeeeeee 2/2/12 Little, James, solicitor, Commercial Bank, Dalbeattie... 12/4/12 Little, Rev. J. M., U.F. Manse, Maxwelltown .........-. 26/5/09 fhittles Murraye. own Clerk syAmmanic-ssessceeseceeeee eeeeee 12/4/12 Loreburn, The Right Hon. Earl, 6 Kton Square, London 9/1/91 Lowrie, Rev. W. ae Manse of Stoneykirk, Wigtownshire aeeene Lupton, Thomas, Solicitor, Starlin oy 2c. We oseaae seeeeeeeeeeee 12/4/12 Lusk, Hugh D. ‘Larch V illa, Annan...) 6) 4a eee 25/4/08 Luyon, J. Stewart, of Kirkmichael, Dam esee eee eee eeeeee 12/4/12 M‘Alister, A. W., Ashgrove Villas, Dumfries ............... 1/12/11 Macaulay, Miss, Matron, Oo] Bollo, Dumfries’... ee 25/2/13 M‘Burnie, John, The Garth, Dumfries ...... ue 21/11/08 MS Burnie, Mrs, "The Garth, ‘Dumfries 2... ee 29/11/12 M‘Call, Wm., of Caitloch, ‘Moniaive 2. el n ee 20/1/11 M ‘Cargo, James, Kirkpatrick- Durhamecs ice 24/4/96 M*‘ Clellan, Charles, They Wea, Dumibrieseecceeee eee 26/4/12 M‘Clure, ‘James, Clydesdale Bank, Lockerbie 2:.:2s2enee 12/4/12 M‘Combie, Rev. John, The Manse, Holywood) e.e-ceseee 26/4/12 M‘Connel, Ree op Oit Eliock, Sanquhar Pe ae eect guancobsc 26/4/12 M‘ Cormick, Andrew, Solicitor, Newton-Stewart ......... 3/11/05 M‘Cormick, Rev. F., F.S.A. Scot., Wellington, Salop ... 4/10/07 M‘Cracken, Miss, Fernbank, Lovers’ Walle ....css0cccceselus 9/11/06 Macdonald, J. C. B., NG SS. - Dumfries! 7s) ae eee 6/11/85 Macdonald, Major W. B., of Rammerscales, Lockerbie ... 12/4/12 M‘Douall, Kenneth, of Logan, Stranraer ............0sceeee0s 12/4/12 M‘ Dowall, Rev. W., U.F. Manse, Karkmahoe’ -2e-n-ceeeeeee 20/3/08 M‘ George, James C., of Nunfield, Diamiiriesie-seeeeee eee 12/4/12 M‘ Gowan, B., Solicitor, Dumfries (0452) ee 26/10/00 etait hai 250 255 260 265 270 280 285 290 295 300 List OF MEMBERS. 267 M‘Jerrow, David, Town Clerk, Lockerbie .................. 22/2/06 Mackenzie, Colonel, of Auchenskeoch, Southwick ....:.... 25/8/95 M‘Kerrow, MOEA. ’ Solicitor, Dumfries Neca EN Cactccaa cee at te 19/1/00 M‘S Kerrow, Matt. Ae: Burnock, Witmiriestes..sscsrtees cent 9/1/90 M‘Kie, Norman th 14 Arthur Street, Newton-Stewart... 12/4/12 MacKinnel, W. The Sheiling, Maxwelltown ............ 22/2/06 MacKinnel. es The Sheiling, Maxwelltown ............... 22/2/06 M‘Lean, C. PMU ESI IN oer ca acascetecteanstatextoennaetbue ote 26/4/12 M‘Leod, John 80 Montpelier Park, Edinburgh ............ 25/10/12 M‘ Mickie, Gilbert, M.P., 9 Cheyne Place, London, SSI WU ay Sg EE GN Se ee ai ag er ee er ee ee ie 12/4/12 MacMillan, 5 Ot Wodeled Meniarye' ..c.-ccscescasaceescanene 12/4/12 M‘Nab, Miss, Tor Bracken, "Howwood, Renfrewshire ...... 12/4/12 M‘Queen, James, of Crofts, Dalbeattie ues wtetecweteeccecse ns 12/4/12 MacRae. D. M., ’ of Stenhouse, MEVDIEOM Ges csboenecs stsseeue cents 12/4/12 Malcolm, A., 37 George Street, HR GOE TION, 5-40 W ailik, DOMfrigs)... ocfo.ccncseceoancess 1/12/11 Minin ames i GlenttUrin: Wil@tOWIl: csctcescnet yes ssiiecesesce«csee 16/1/14 Muir, William, Rowallan, Newton-Stewart .........cssseeee- 12/4/12 Murray, G. Rigby, Parton Hlotsonm belTUOM: es cccscecscscusens ces 4/12/08 Murray, John, 10 Carnegie erapen Sate ee eee 17/10/13 Murray, William, Albert Road, Maxwelltown ............ 20/10/11 Murray, Mrs, Albert Road, Maxwelltown ............0000- 17/11/11 Murray, Wnm., of Murraythwaite, Ecclefechan ............ 8/2/95 Murray, Mrs, Murraythwaite, Ecclefechan ......sccsccssees 29/7/05 Neilson, Geo., LL.D., Wiellfield, Partickhill Road, Glasgow 13/12/95 Neilson, J., of Mollance, Castle- POA IARS asses cadens coste deere 13/3/96 Nicholson, J. ie Airlie, MAW GO WH: cueseasuxcacedcsscer tues 9/8/04 Orr, David, County Asylum, Prestwich, Manchester ...... 12/4/12 Orr, Rev. George, North Manse, Langholm .................. 16/2/12 Ovens, Walter, of Torr, Auchencairn Beer eee tas cokes nek eee 13/3/96 Paterson, Dee 52 Eldon Street, Greenock ............seeeeeee 12/4/12 Paterson, Ds, ” Solicitor, MOEN seescaceeb ocd iv asse 186 Balnacane (Craufurdton), Barony of 214, 217 Bancharay, Laird of (1638) ............ 114 PATIL a VULETD . “csscccesscececussncssetseneeccnes 123 PeRMAUVTES, AGAM c.cacvcecsccsstasetsaccstasee 198 Agnes, relict of John Fergusson, RUE Matec cess schcs cceverveeccacwarteescs snies 212 PROD GMa co nccdessoarc sates cos ceccusece secueceee 212 IVVINEEI ANTE EM ACN St 5. sca cccadeaedacesastesivevaraceckce 212 Bannoch, Andro, in Monegoffe ...... 256 ExpUMAT NDS HASULETA o's c.cye crest cis cislore, clelele'aholeatrs 132 Barcloy, Land of, Colvend ...... 193, 196 PAE RCUAV C SETOTCILICS) (os c:cccn cleissicciaainiere 201 ESPEN LAMM ERT Lerercte avi crave esis 0. s,ci8.sie cicteiole™ 12, 18 ES ANTS CIO DENTIN Oo Metocte cio d etutraicicieve alevareiate 12 Barndennoch, Nether, Lands of, Parton 197 Baronies held by Castleguard, 161-2, 171-3; Rights of, 96. Barquillach, Lands of, Parton ...... 197 Bar euangse Ol, PATGON! 2s ccieccscence 197 Barr Burn, 20, 24-5, 28; Farmhouse, Loch- rutton, 16, 25; Loch, 24-5. Bateman, Theodore: ‘Ten Years’ Dig- PORNO tetera aaa teialasie's tip ole! s\ere’s sie nlefsie > 126 Bateyli Sun Offerings .............+4. 127 Beaton, James, Archbishop of Glasgow, 94, 107, 110 Beattie, Bate, Baty, Andrew... .. .. 91 PRIMNGSL-CAUASL DOR} LT Secs’ epics, cmon wets 91 PORTH, WYMINICS tasy-act ccisis os whe sien’ 104 Robert; Dummies”. Hi icas, shah casarccn'e © 253 Becket, Thomas, Archbishop of Canter- LP) ER eT COOREABO H.C ICT OI CAT 171 Beg, Johne, messinger ...........0«0 87 Bek, John, Holywood 4 asc. ducticcnce 2235 Sir Gilbert, chaplain ..........0<.. 187 Bell si GOOLBG® oe siciare eiteteinleiwere coe 2535, 254 Jobn, burgess of Kirkcudbright .. 203 John; in’ Lochrubton: . .ciecccwes ess 201 William, burgess, Dumfries ........ 209 SGU E BION « o Sores. g7esprolels ctaratays.e’e n'y 104-5 Bellebocht, Lands of, Glencairn .... 90 Bellfield, Holywood ............ 230, 232 GLOOM y BORTIC | cis’ en 'slcneh ecinteinincts 18 Bennane, Nethirsyde of, Tynron .... 190 Bensone, Bensoun, John, Dumfries .. 108 PGMA ANUINOR Ya rc clatteieinas arcane aiteiasine 198 Berkeley, Walter de, chamberlain .. 167 BEEGONN RODELU st aniceces cin catesteetcears 86 BERWICK VORSHION vjciaty c1sih nemo oe cinieer er 163 Berwickshire Baronies held by castle- PUAN siasintss sists hep arco elsicvs|e oxafo ojere 173 Betwixt the Waters, Lands of .. 212, 213 Bewcastle Churchyard 35, 57, 61, 62, 68; Cross; The Literary Histories of the Crosses at Ruthwell and Bewceastle (J. K. Hewison), 11. Birds: Birds that are Land and Water Feeders (W. H. Armistead) .. 135-144 Aleedo ispida (Kingfisher) ........ 141-2 Ardea cinerea (Heron) ........ 141, 142 Corvus corone (Carrion crow) .... 143 Corvus frugilegus (Crow).. 135, 137, 143 Cotile riparia (Sandmartin) ........ 146 Cuculus canorus (Cuckoo) ........ 146 Erithacus rubecula melophilus (Robins) 137 Fratercula arctica (Puffins) ........ 142 Hirundo rustica (Swallow) 146, 149 Larus argentatus (Herring Gulls) 135-144 Larus fuscus (Lesser Black-backed Gulls ist 365 dsee aces cseneeed 138, 143 Larus marinus (Greater Black-backed MALI Goat eo ehsrafetece iaevewicte eGiyncle 138, 143 Larus ridibundus (Black-headed Gulls) 135-144 Motacille (Wagtails) ..........ss0 137 Phalacrocorax carbo (Cormorant) 141, 143 Phylloscopus trochilus (Willow Wren), 146 SHEN BSS (MENTS). so stespisis cteiek\slais sce wefe ccs 143 Sturnus vulgaris (Starlings) ...... 143 Tadorna cornuta (Sheldrake) ...... 143 Turdus merula (Blackbirds) Turdus muscicus clarkei (Mavis) .. 145 Uria troile (Guillimotes) 272 Birds: Vanellus vulgarus (Peewits).. 143 Birkhall (Birkhill), Lands of, Holywood, 225-7, 228, 2350 Birkmyre, John, Dumfries .......... 199 Bishope, David, bailie, Dumfries .... 253 Black, Blak, Daue, Dumfries ........ 109 DONNY esse sa cea aticeatete 199, 204, 205, 210 Blackcroft, Lands of, Holywood .... 228 Blakwoud, Besse, Dumfries ........ 109 “UM avoyaavay IDNA soonesooocono00nG0 109 Bloodwits, Bluidwits, Cases of, Dum- fries, 94-6, 100-1, 107-9; Courts of, 83, 84-5, 86, 88, 93-101. Blyth, John, gardener, Ecclefechan 41 Bodden, Bodene, Jon, in Monegoffe 256 Ninean, in Monegoffe ............. 256 SimOn ate elaais Aiicloei es role anisole 186 Bodsbek, Bodisbek, Land of, .. 181, 215 Bogrie Burn, 12, 13, 25; Valley, 17, 18, 20, 24. Bordland of Culwen, Lands of .. 193, 196 Bothwell, Adam, Hepburn, 2nd Earl of 110 BothwellsiCastle we wesc ecco 118 Bowness-on-Solway Churchyard, 38, 42, 48, 63 Botany: Plant Superstitions (S. Arnott), 115; Some Galloway Plants (List) (J. Fraser), 29-34. Anemone nemorosa (Wood Anemone) 146 Campanula rotundifolia (Hare Bell) 148 Cardamine pratensis (Cuckoo Flower) 146 Castanea (Chestnut) .............. 147 Corylus avellana (Hazel) .......... 145 Crateagus Oxyacantha (Hawthorn) 147 Crocus; pWellOWws aacumrccttireceiiee 145 Crysanthemum Leucanthemum (Ox-Eye DAISY) iiss oone uelonaeehien emcees 148 Fragaria (Garden Strawberry) .... 147 Galanthus nivalus (Snowdrop) .... 145 Mercurialis (Dog-Mercury) ........ 145 Potentilla reptans (Strawberry-leaved Cinguetoil) fre ceeeee eho 146 Primula vulgaris (Primrose).... 146, 147 Prunus communis (Sloe) .......... 146 Pyrus communis (Jargonelle Pear) 146 Pprus malus (Blenheim Apple) .... 147 Ranunculus ficaria (Lesser Celandine) 145 Ribes sanguineum (Flowering Currant) 146 Rosa canina (Wild Rose) .......... 148 Scilla nutans (Wild Hyacinth) .... 147 Syringa vulgaris (Lilac) ............ 147 Taraxacum officinale (Dandelion) .. 146 Tussilago Farfara ................+. 145 Viola canina (Dog Violet) .... 146, 147 Viola odorata (Sweet Violet) ..,... 146 INDEX. Bracks DOCH? 62%). his ones esteem cee 27 BEaACO, Waind Oe 658) = aceeerne cece 113 Brampton Churchyard.... 37, 57, 58, 65, 68 Branzery Walter: .\...)2.cc8 es eee enn 208 Breedon, Leicester, Burial at ........ 126 Bretnach, Gilendonrut ................ 166 Brigend, Wand! Of -jcceecseee erences 195 Bright, Henry A.: ‘‘Some Account of the Glenriddell MSS. of Burns’s Poems.” 252 Broad Taw. ws «22. esisacn s-seb een 27 Broichan; the Druid 2.222 tees eee 131 Bronze) Age; BULIals ete eeeees 121-9 Brounrig, Burgh boundary at.. 82, 102-4 Brown, Broun, Broune, Browne, Frank Balfour isis chines ae ee eee 254 Ji; Of Garseleuth) <-cceeeeneeee eee 113 JOHN seater 187, 189, 196, 201 John, Dumiriess te s2eeeeeeeeeeeeeee 200 Dr SOHN cs. 0cae Seed ee 248, 249 Robert). ou: dacs cee cineca eee 208 Bruce, C. M., of Burgie Lodge Farm 123 Briice, Brus, Bruys, Robert de (1) .. 172 Robert? de(2)ss. 4 eee eee 167, 172 Brude, King -.x.<\cmssnwieteee eee eee 131 Brumelandis, Lands of .............. 195 Brun) Gilchrist, sono es eeeee eee 166 Bruns Skully or vias eee eee 74 Brycen Johns ec eee eee 199, 209 Bryss, Sir John, chaplain ............ 188 Williams Duminiesses. saree eeeeeeeee 104 Buccleuch, sDukeofieeee eee eee 246 Buk; Thomas: .c:ic.sl ee eee eee 88 iBuranis) Lands Ohm eeeee eee eeeeee 195 Burelschaw, Lands of, Kirkpatrick- DURE is alae ee ee »... 188, 201 Burghead, Burials at ................ 129 LEMMAS HW INON EY Grocoassusossoondcsccc 2c 158 Burgie, Forres, Burial at ...... 123, 133 Burials, Stone and Bronze Age .... 121-9 Burnesyde, Merkland of, Giencairn .. 194 Burnett, ——, of Leyis................ 113 Burnie, Burne, Andro, Dumfries 95, 107 Thome of) Duniiries) 2-4 eee eee 108 Burns, Robert: ‘‘Last May a braw 501012) SEMEL Gc Hatohcacd acceso 251 Bury St. Edmunds, Skull of Man ..... 74 Bute wishenyuaceseeces ates 137, 139 Buttermere) Lakereepeee eee eee 27 Byrkschawe, Lands of, Snayde ...... 216 Caerlaverock Castle, 118; Engraving, by W. Daniell, 252; Churchyard, 70. Cairde, Gilbert, in Drumjohane ...... 255 Thomas, in Drumjohane ........ Soad 0s) Cairn River Cairn, Chambered, Ach-na-Cree, 124; Ach- na-goul, Inveraray, 125, 129; Largie Farm, Crinan, 125. Cairns, Carnis, Adam ............. 555 oye DOWN -icieieie a areisiesalieieretsrate stele Colao or een OG INDEX. Cairns, John, son of William Cairns 204 BGM Gia oh, c565 wnreceecanisoae nice vc celeste’ 222 SVIUITANITY ciesrsis bh waburn lenis tio.0.0a,cle nieen 204 William, of Orchertoun ............ 222 Caithness, Burials at ......s.cccceces 127 Campbell, Miss, of Skerrington ...... 230 Charles Murray Maxwell, of Cowhill 230 S10 UD YOSAS 181, 195, 208 William, 2nd Lord, of ‘Torthorwald 85, 92 Carmichaell, Beatrix, in Mains of Lin- MGI Meteo a aisles ea ae tas's ecia avers 207 PROMI EDN Lereectaatne wiaia-shle s/olaiae/e"s(e bets’ Sistas 83 WORT MOLeMeCMONAD Ti)lacesicltccvasiees 89 John, Sheriff Depute of Dumfries, son of William Carmichael, of that Ilk 83, 84, 86, 106 Willam;\ of that Tik .....60cc 84, 106 Warneselloch, Lands; OF v2.56 .c. dene vee 204 Carruthers, Carrutheris, James, Dum- AMOS Hay sxtelelclelsere soe ie tice eiecasigeees 219 Sir James, chaplain, rector of Vamftrey 201, 212 John, Burgess of Dumfries ........ 203 John, of Holmends ............ 103, 104 John, of Holmendis ............ 192, 202 Mariota, wife of Gilbert M‘Clellane, of PARIMACACHANC W155 veces ceiccic cee 202 Sir Mark, rector of Moswald ........ 213 PEUSGR Ges aeidiae nie oars xiao w ener es eane vale Roger, Burgess of Dumfries ...... 213 William, son of John Carrutheris of PEMD UO OIS? jorcieraflirate tis na hoe halocesatoae 192 Carrutheris of Holmains, Family .... 253 Carruthers Churchyard ..........es000: 46 CART ADE, GUATIS! OF 5 \.:0:0\0100:04-00 cc te ve'sive 83 MONIC earn fake vieisie'e.ee bs ow baire'c 159, 171 RGAERDHUESMIGLIIOD s cieyabien ic Sei’ ssa sinwees 193 Ge AESUONO. MODERE? is civ oslod soe sees vat 188 RTALS WAGGA UIT, i ot Silas aw oe ceca es 23-24 Cartna, William, Dumfries .......... 102 Warwaeld- (Kernzeild): oc... ccicseseccdelen 211 273 Cassillis, David, 3rd Lord Kennedy, ist ADI ORE can cone cute ae Ne hele cyte as ois 110 John, Kennedy, 6th Earl of ...... 113 Castelpharne, Lands of, Glencairn .... 211 Castle Gower, vitrified stones from.. 252 Castlemains, Kirkcudbright, Lands of 120 Castleward, Feudal Institution 161-2, 171-3 Cawart, Cawert, Herbert, Dumfries 188, 219 Celtic Race Or Maw 2 is... coca uslee ease 77 Challaces WiUVEr os betes cahanlouls sea 177 Chalmer, Llizabeth, relict of Ninian Chreichtoun of Bellebocht ........ 205 Chalmers, David, in Monegoffe ...... 256 Charin stones from Darlington .... 131-2 Chapellmark, Land of, Glencairn .... 209 Charteris, Alexander ........ 179, 189, 190 PAV ESO ORAS ROASTER OOD 195 Elizabeth, wife of Robert Grahame of UMLOTTLY Mi eiesie cis aise cisiaove bale aia e'S aes a 195 RMDIGS), -ntercvessy couiGin.t ss alm dee eo's-... kecceede ss 195 Sir John, vicar of Tynewald ........ 195 ecards etcetera om Pein auomd cork 114, 254 WOUEL Uw ecatn series cralieseisine s dee actos 195 Robert, junior, in Auchinsloronehill 195 Roger, of Bartympane ........ 179, 190 Chellean Stone Implements .......... 73 Church of Scotland, Glasgow Assembly, WOO stele ateoncve iajoksia eae *eneeaacorre 114 Churches, Parish, Business Transactions MBs oterate tse einteiele 180, 186, 187, 188, 203 Clach na _ Brataich, ‘Stone of the IB ANMIOT oy a retradiwaise Sooners sks oat 132 Clauchrie* CloseDuri: s.sersccees se «6:0 0.0 86 Clark FON pL LGQUEITM esate kane biside ss 201 Clerk, George, Middlebie ............ 25) RCL ete ah Sas hs Sian ok He es a 187 Clony, Lands of, Parton .............. 197 Closeburn Churchyard ............ 47, 48 Clovingalphalch, Lands of, Glencairn.. 90 Cluden River (Auld Water), 17; Floods, 1913, 146, 147. Coal, Borings for, Aiket Muir, 252; Canonby, 253; Linnbridge Ford, Kirkleton, 253; Repentance Hill, 253 Cockburn, Cokburne, J., Clerkintyne, MAL ASISD Uiares cies edie lass ATMS,” « ais ecis/ec neha sels 61 EP UIRS eee EU cretetctaclgraciv clasts tives s vlevceanares 12 Hoddom, 181; Churchyard, 36, 38, 39, 42, 60, 68; Churchyard, Old, 40, 41, 46, 50 Hodgson, Hodgion, C. B., Harker Grange 38 John, of Carlisle and Bowness ...... 38 MONT wOLe WU OSDOM s/otisisisisisic's 0 cacleeae cele 38 Hogg, John, in Mwmbiehurst .......... 38 Hoip, see Hope. See also Halliday. Holme Cultram Churchyard, 36, 59, 70; Abbot’s Stone, 70. Holm of Dargarnock, Lands of .. 212, 221 Holywood Abbey, 225, 230; Lands belong- ing to, 199; Barony of, 223; Church, Valued Rent, 229; Churchyard, 46, 54, 64, 69; Manse, 229; Newton, Lands of, 223; Townhead, Lands of, 228. Holywood, Parish of, Valuation (1667) 227 Hope, Hoip, Adam, Parton .......... 185 Rev. PORN, UNSCOPG) ein'scicaclsc's e's’ 0/0 38 Captain, R.N., St. Mary’s Isle 119, 120-1 Sir Thomas, of Craighall ............ 178 Wma l MARRTANG! select leew esteans 38 William; “Parton clein's cisic lee 6 0's.c ele ielvere 207 George, of Carnesalloch ............ 102 George, brother german of the Lord of @armesalloch: .: stacsccsvescsseeinass 208 Lieut.-Colonel George, of Carruchan 54 George, baillie of Dumfries 213, 220, 221 George, son of Master George Maxwell 207 Major Hamilton, second son of Mon- BRUT ticle cea a; sioceisistelais bee cigaate we ew 54 Sir Herbert, of Carlaverock ........ 86 Herbert, of Kirkconnel .......... 86, 88 Sir Herbert: ‘‘ History of Dumfries and NPRM NAL SeMiera tia: cyoee dice eaten e's 86, 91 Herbert, In Newark 5. .cevseccesee 188 James, of Auchencarne ...........- 222 AMES. AM, BOFSCHEM 6s occ:0eeccexeces 208 NAMES, AN” CONNAIGCD: 4 ..0 ot A ae a 211, 254 EASTON OLN) +s 2% wie ews eo sets 187, 201, 211 John, in Carneselloch .............. 200 PEON AC ALEUCL 5. ot earwolsaiaeeleoeees 257 POU ClAUCHTIC: co ns.c'arccterd sas Dee ene 255 Jon, elder and younger, in Drongan- BV erator ia see's cits. sia tale o cte ne ie ate 255 MOM SUUIIEAL ON 2. 5 sie o.0csicie'cs no beneine eas 255 Margaret, wife of George Johnston of Cowhill, Holywood ............ 46, 64 Nicolas, of Castle-Stewart, wife of Col. William Maxwell of Cardoness .. 115 Patricks in) Caruuer. ..cvics vce conc 257 Paurick, in Craionine .....c.ssscce0 256 PpiraCha mI GAPIATOE 22s cas ene cc cies 255 PETA AT EAE DY oie sarees wcarsiale\ voice aXe o 255 Patrick, in’ Monegoffe ...:.......... 256 Robert, in Cardorkane ........ 255, 257 295 Stewart, Thomas, in Larg ............ 255 Walter; (Of BATELY) @ sicccisis;-0ie.ce vibes 207 Sir William, chaplain .............. 219 William, in Glenshalloch .......... 255 Wm., of Shambelly ..........seseeeee 64 William, Provost of Lincluden, Bishop OF SA DETACOM hora vache. ocewais 189, 193 Stirliny, ~., overseer, Leadhills ...... 248 Stirling, 176; Barony, held by Castleguard, 173; Castle, 163; Right of Sheriffship, 96. SLrocks, Dumiries’ GS dsccche oases cavern 101 SLORDLIGs od ODN! vc cies vive aslelsietsie a. siaeierebe aes 88 LONG ITWOS pV kcotie aialalarelelsts'e este Gn ime. crates 74 Snones Ape Burials «,, newslepesiseniesriemine 122 Muone” GITCIES ewe vp wel piceis a emieie estas sie 76 Stone Implements: Axe, East Preston, 252; Harpoon, River Dee, Kirkcud- bright, 75; White Quartz Pebbles and their Archeological Significance (N. Lebour), 121-134; Aucheulean, 73, 252; Aurignacian, 252; Chellean, 73; Cromagnon, 74; Holywood, 257; La Micognian, 252; Lag-my-Boiragh, Isle of Man, 128; Magdalenian, 252 ; Moustierian, 73, 252; Piltdown, Sussex, 72; Solutre, 75, 252; Soria, Spain, 72, 73. Stones, Carved, Friars’ Carse ........ 70 EONESs | CNALIN? wiecese cre sieves c/sicineves 00% 131-2 Stones, Marriage, Tinwald .......... 55 Stones, Vitrified, Castle Gower, Fort Edgarton, Mote of Mark, Colvend, Mullach Fort, 252. Stony Beck, Lands of, Middlebie . .. 252 Story, David; of Know Sn... chess: 65 Francis, of Lake, Schoolmaster .... 65 George, of Longtho «<2... .-.0s0.00s 65 Richard, Kirklinton) .5 005%. <., senor cinictsipieteic ls aie moe sicierevare 169 Sinadel E bh emasascapoeaooDe 159, 162, 172 Stroncastell, Lands of, Glencairn ...... 90 Stronsay, Orkney, Burial at .......... 126 Stronschilloch, Lands of, Glencairn, 194, 199, 204, 216; Burnesyde of, 216, 217 Sturgioun, Stergioun, Andrew ...... 192 Helen, wife of Andrew M‘Burnie, HOCHTnGOUNY (GRAIG! ec ckwnclsitaiurelee 196 WOU oo ars ctv Mieieisinjeisalslsvace Gureisieatellelse® 192 WAHTAING 55 cp ecae ec earitgiswerenee Cane 203 296 ’ INDEX. Suffolk and Essex Fishery Board Report, Thornyk, Lordship of .......... RA AcE 195 rhs Gadae a favaieieDoveve, prafevalarelersle eles 139-41 MET ACTANS ein ceinisisicelereieleteceisie erelarel set 127 Summerhill (Over Killylung), Holywood Tibbaris, Barony Of ......-.....++-.e- 215 : 230 Tilbury, Skull of Man .............+0. 74 Summary Procedure Act, 1864 ...... 100 Tinwald, Tinvald, Tynvald, Barony of, Sun, Eclipses, 1913 ................... 156 173; Churchyard, 35, 55; Churchyard Superstitions, Plant (S. Arnott), 115; Gate, Marriage Stone, 55; House, Scottish Fishermen, 128. Arms. 43; Lordship of, 207; Toun- Swan, R., Druidpark ................ 225 heid of, 207. * Swanson, Captain Francis, Dumfries .. 65 Tod, Thomas, Middlebie .............. 66 Sweetheart Abbey (Newabbey) ...... 161 Torthorwald Churchyard, 59, 70; Cross, Swinburn, Joseph, of the Kilewood .... 65 Switzerland, Brachycephalic People from 76 Symington, William ................-. 248 Syrian Desert. ssas.escisemelee seleievcis versie 71 Mipverer yin, JEANIE S550cu000c0080Gn009000 192 Tail Burn, Moffat ...<...........-.0.- 28 Tait, Tate, Adam, in Newtoun of Holy- WG! Goooococudoenouuasoooncucnouna 223 David, of Clarkstown .............. 65 George, in Barclay ..............5. 255 John, in Drongaher ................ 257 Patrick, in Barony ..............6. 257 Patrick, in Borgane ................ 255 Robevt, in Borgane ................ 255 Robert, in Newtoun of Holywood .. 223 Tasmanians, Uses of Crystals and White Quartz Pebbles Among ........ 129-30 Taylor, John, Leadhills .............. 248 Teasdale, Bridget, of Mumpshall .... 66 George, of Mumpshall .............. 65 John, of Mumpshall .............. 66 Margaret, of Mumpshall ............ 66 Telford, George, Kirkbankhead ........ 66 Templetoun, James ............ 194, 198 Templand, Lands of .................. 204 Tenancy, Process of Removing .. 179, 186 Tennands) William’ sects. seveeeeee cca 198 Terrachtrye (Terrautti), Lands of .. 176 Terauchty, Over, Lands of .......... 189 Terregles Churchyard, 52, 54, 57; Max- well Vault, Arms, 52-3; MS., 79-80, 87 Thirlmere lakes ses jaeee cc sees eee 27 Phirstane “Hillier aac enee eee eee 249 Thomson, Thomsoune, Alexander, in Brigtounes siiarscenis sonicnee nen -. 265 lexander, in Cammer .............. 255 Donald, in Kirochtrie .........:.... 256 WOHN ss iyasieniso one ase ae 189, 193, 204 John, in Werreglis .+:............. 224 Patrick? sc soe eee eee 254, 255 Patrick, in Killkerow .............. 255 Pete aicisttiates acte lor cane renee terete 225 sxichard, of Crowdyknow ............ 66 Thomas's; shhh dees wee 174, 222-3 William, in Holywood .............. 225 Walliams insbarceseeeee eee ee neon oe 257 Thorbrand, Andrew Archibald ............ Helsrnetcttesisteimaie 186 70; Mains, Lands of, 208. Tracey, Rt. Hon. James, Dumfries .... 66 Tregallon, Lochrutton ................ 13 Troqueir Church, 201, 214; Churchyard, 38, 47, 51, 54, 56, 69; Gallows, 184; Mote, 161, 163; Town of, 201, 214; Vicarage Tiends, 187. Trotter, John Pitcairn, Advocate, Dum- PLIES fo bee cael oe Ee .. 66 Tundergarth Churchyard 35, 41, 44, 45, 46, 60 Tunic of Paris Black ............ 179, 187 TUNIS: se Rages retain cee octane eee 72 Turnbull, Andrew, Savannah, Georgia 66 J:5:0f Mynto! 225.0222 2a eae 113 John, in Longlands ................ 66 Walter, in Watshill ................ 66 Turner, Turnor, Turnour, Sir John, Official of Glasgow ................ 188 Thomas, of Breahead .............. 66 Master William’ 3..2ssceceeeeeeee ee 198 Tweeddale, Twedale, John Hay, 8th Lord Hay of Yester, 1st Earl of ........ 113 John, of Whitehill .................. 66 Tynron Churchyard ............0..s00e- 38 Udard, son of Uttu ................... 166 Under-the-Brae-Lane .................. 13 Upper Denton Churchyard ........ 65, 66 Urns, Ach-na-Cree, 124; Bankfield, 123; Knockencrunge, Mid Torrs, 122; Lag- my-Boiragh, Isle of Man, 128; Torrs, Glenluce, 121-4. Urr, Ur, Half-Barony of, 224; River, 12; - Valley, 17, 24. Uttu, Udard, son of Valker, see Walker. Vallis, see Wallace. Valoniis, Valun, Philip de ...... 167, 168 Valuation, Ancient, Alexander III. 227, 228, 229 Vatson, see Watson. Vellis, see Wells. Velsch, see Welsh. Vetripont, William de .............. 166 Vilson, see Wilson. Vodheid, see Woodhead. Vrycht, see Wright. Waldey, son of Gilchrist ..,,,,...,-. 166 ase INDEX. Wales, Neolithic Man in, 76; Subjugation of, 163. Walker, Valker, Walkar, —., of Boathby 66 Gilbert, dempster, Dumfries ........ 108 RPEEMAGS Pi oreie Crarmie icte tle cies pote vicaalaw ewe alas 188 DIN cioroisiaivlaissc is broleiwaetquteie’ ees ve eels 200 John, of Pott Hall, Potishrigley, Chester 67 Wallace, Vallas, Vallis, Wallass, Adam, bailie of Dumfries ........ 94, 104, 107 DAIS OINGUANY Oss caicis ave ce suthe clea cd 200 Janet, relict of Robert Maxwell, Kirk- ALANIOR e's sreinunls oieiets Sieh d tis: pcorn ay were fe 222 John, of Brekandsyde .............. 213 Sir John, junior, chaplain .......... 211 Master Nichel (Michael) ...... 200, 211 ROBERT, 9: The Geology of Loch- rutton, with Special Reference to WiSGer SUPPLY. cates stcacule mies ee 11-29 Thomas, skinner, Dumfries .......... 67 SUVAPREL BRIA A ayer nicreiccets © siatereunvivinrs oSlocla « shes 110 Walls, Lands of, Middlebie ............ 252 Walter fitz Alan, steward of Scotland 166 Walton Churchyard ........ 37, 58, 62, 66 Wiamiray Churchyard’ <.ccesscsc. oes 44, 52 Wanlockhead, 246-7; Lead Mines .... 246 WVOnGs DP vRPANCIG: scie. cece cecce 139, 140 William GanGn bie’ js steces o/siclateone eines 67 Warwick, George, of Irthington ...... 67 dames. oF (Clarkshill ...3.. pe hates Be wy ahi Tis Ek aac : ‘ ere ay # Meee N, fle i Sys } rae A ksi pnesatraneee eae \ i ‘ tan eye ante N LIBRARIES — CO a be Fee A 1 wy OW es 8 Ostet Soe GMb hy BS ACES Se TA NT oe ws 9 hy ecu : tek HA : S, on 4 sa : ; ge eee wee dae ay Bie Woe “hie $95 Reo gpa agus a hed es ANG oe ds ty $s Perea’ tye ; Cag wht Mate Mears fbhlatiens ene quae waters” Sfeeaespussatgesen’ Hie aro: Phere eae 4 Peta is we on atone ae ah Ssh Sesieia eae st a a 0 ety ‘ a ‘ : eli ? 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