HARVARD UNIVERSITY.

LIBRARY

OF THK

MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY.

VB^

^WAx-VN^^^^-'^A^^ .

EDWIN HARRISON.

TRANSACTIONS

OF

THE ACADEMY OF SCIENCE
OF ST. LOUIS.

VOL. XV.
JANUARY 1905 TO DECEMBER 1905.

PUBLISHED UNDER DIRECTION OF THE COUNCIL.

ST. LOUIS:
NIXON -JONKS PRINTING CO.

,u ^

^(

CONTENTS.

PAGE.

Table of Contents iii

List of Members. Revised to December 31, 1905 v

1. Patrons.

2. Honorary Members.

3. Active Members.

Constitution xiii

By-Laws xvii

Abstract of History xxii

Rkcord. January 1 to Dec. 31, 1905 xxvii

Papers Published. January 1 to December 31, 1905:

1. L. WiTTMACK. — Our Present Knowledge of Ancient

Plants. — Issued February 25, 1905 1

2. Thos. L. Casey. — A Revision of the American Paeder-

ini. — Issued April 4, 1905 17

3. Frank Collins Baker. — The Molluscan Fauna of

McGregor, Iowa. — Issued May 9, 1905 249

4. Stuart Weller. — Paraphorhynchus A New Genus of

Kinderhook Brachiopoda. — Plate I. — Issued May

9, 1905 259

5. Walter C. G. Kirchner. — The Bacteriological Exami-

nation of River Water. — Fig 1. — Issued August 5,
1905 r 265

6. Title-Page, prefatory matter and index of Vol. XV. —

Record, January 1 to December 31, 1905. — Issued

March 1, 1906. .

List of Authors 299

General Index 300

Index to Genera 302

CORRECTIONS.

P. 6, line 5. —Add " before Well.

7 from bottom. — Add " after years.
P. 12, line 6 from bottom. — Add . after butter.
P. 19, line 8 from bottom. — For mesoternum, read mesosternum.
P. 39, line 3 from bottom. — For dose, read close.

2 from bottom. — For approximaie, read approximate.
P. 45, line 17. — For paciflcum, read pacificum.

14 from bottom. — For ' , read , .
P. 49, line 21. — For veutral, read ventral.
P. 53, line 34. — For similar, read similar.
P. 62, line 19. — For then, read than.
P. 63, line 14. — For moderably, read moderately.
P. 69, line 6. — For nineteen, read twenty-six.

y from bottom. — For defiexed flanks, read deflexed
flanks.
P, 74, line 14. — For frequentiy, read frequently.

14 from bottom. — For feely, read feebly.
P. 75, line 18, 19. — For genetally, read generally.
P. 79, line 13 from bottom. —For narrowel3% read narrowly and

read , after straight.
P. 99, line 21. — For there-fourths, read three-fourths.
P. 100, line 12. — For Massachusets, read Massachusetts.
P. 108, Hne 25. — Omit second " as. "
P. 146, line 8. — For Acaloph ena, read Alcalophaena.

last line. — For horridual, read horridula.
P. 148, line 19. —For bnt, read but.

P. 160, line 13 from bottom. — For rugulation, read regulation.
P. 171, line 25. — For smail, read small.
P. 188, line 5. — For norrower, read narrower.
P. 195, line 8 from bottom. — For distaece, read distance.
P. 219, line 12. —For triemarginate, read trimarginate.

4 from bottom. — For anteriar, read anterior.
P. 246, line 3. — Omittbird "as" and for gradully, read grad-
ually.
10. — For minutely, read minutely.
Vol. XIV.
P. XLII, line 10. —Strike out the two paragraphs following the
word researches.

MEMBERS.

1. PATRONS.

Eliot, Henry W 1212 Mo. Trust bldg.

jHarrison, Edwin

McMillan, Mrs. Eliza 25 Portland pi.

McMillan, William Northrop 507 Lincoln Trust bldg.

2. HONORARY MEMBERS.

Arrhenius, Prof. Svante University of Stockholm, Sweden.

Bahlsen, Prof. Dr. Leopold Berlin, Germany.

Boltzmann, Prof. Ludwig University of Vienna, Austria.

Chavero, Seiior Alfredo National Museum, Mexico.

Escherich, Prof. Theodore University of Vienna, Austria.

Kitasato, Prof. Shibasaburo University of Tokio, Japan.

Lewald, Geh. Oberreg. RathTheo-

(joj. Berlin, Germany.

Limburg, Stirum, Graf.. Berlin, Germany.

Moissan, Prof. Henri Sorbonne, Paris, France.

Orth, Geh. Rath Dr. Johann University of Berlin, Germany.

Oswald, Prof. Wilhelm University of Leipzig, Germany.

Ramsay,' Sir William Royallnstitute, London, England.

Rutherford, Prof. Ernest McGill University, Montreal,

Canada.

Van 't Hoff, Prof. J. W University of Berlin, Germany.

Waldeyer, Geh. Rath Prof. Dr.

-^iltielm University of Berlin, Germany.

Wassermann, Prof. Dr. A University of Berlin, Germany.

Wittmack, Geh. Reg. Rath Prof.

Yfj. L University of Berlin, Germany.

3. ACTIVE MEMBERS.

Adkins, James Park and Vandeventer avs.

AUeman, Gellert* Swarthmore College,

Swarthmore, Pa.

* Non-resident.

t Died May 13, 1905.

VI

Trans. Acad. ScL of St. Louis.

Allen, Terry W 5061 Lindell av.

Alt, Adolf ^^^^ Locust St.

Altheimer, Benjamin 4349 Westminster pi.

Andrews, L. W Mallinckrodt Chemical Works.

Andrews', William Edward* Taylorville, 111.

Bagbv, Julian* New Haven, Mo.

Bain, Robert Edward Mather 900 Locust st.

Barck, Carl Humboldt bldg.

Bartlett, George M 215 Pine st.

Baumgarten, Gustav 4900 Berlin av.

Becktold, William B 212 Pine st.

Bernays, A. C 3623 Laclede av.

Bernays, Walter ...Office of City Chemist.

Bixby, William Keeney 13 Portland pi.

Boeckeler, William L 4441 Laclede av.

Boyle, Wilbur F Laclede bldg.

Brannon, Melvin A.* University, N. Dak.

Brennan, Martin S 1414 O'Fallon st.

Brimmer, George G 6900 Michigan av.

Brookings, Robert S 5125 Lindell av.

Brown, Arthur A 4023 West Pine boul.

Brown, Daniel S 2212 DeKalb st.

Brown, Willi 3526 Pine st.

Burg, William 1756 Missouri av.

Burnett, E. C University Club.

Busch, Adolphus 1 Busch pi.

Busch, Aug. A Busch pi.

Bush, Benjamin Franklin* Courtney, Mo.

Calvert, Sidney* State University, Columbia, Mo.

Carpenter, George O Russell and Compton avs.

Carter, Howard* Webster Groves, Mo.

Carver, George Washington* Tuskegee, Ala.

Chaplin, Winfleld S Washington University.

Chappell, W. G 3810 Westminster pi.

Chase, E. C Oriel bldg.

Chouteau, Pierre 912 Security bldg.

Comstock, T. Griswold 3401 Washington av.

Conklin, Harry R.* Joplin, Mo.

Cramer, Gustav °/o Gr- Cramer Dry Plate Co.

Crandall, George C 4287 Olive st.

Members. vii

Crunden, Frederick Morgan Public Library.

Curtis, William S St. Louis Law School.

Cushman, AUerton S.* Bryn Mawr, Pa.

Dame, James E 2353 Albion pi.

Dameron, Edward Caswell* Clarksville, Mo.

Davis, N. H 56-Vandeventer pi.

Davis, John D 421 Olive st.

De Menil, Alexander N De Menil bldg., 7th and Pine sts.

Diehm, Ferdinand 1834Kennett pi.

Dodd, Samuel M 415 Locust st.

Douglas, Archer W % Simmons Hardware Co.

Drake, George S 64 Vandeventer pi.

Drosten, F. W. .., 2011 Park av.

Duggar, B. M.* 809 Virginia av., Columbia, Mo.

Eimbeck, AugustF.* New Haven, Mo.

Eliot, Edward C 5468 Maple av.

Engler, Edmund Arthur* 11 Boynton st., Worcester, Mass.

Erker, Adolph P 608 Olive st.

Espenschied, Charles 3500 Washington av.

Euston, Alexander 3730 Lindell boul.

Evers, Edward 1861 N. Market st.

Ewing, Arthur E 5944 West Cabanne pi.

Eycleshymer, A. E 5649 Cabanne pi.

Favor, Ernest Howard* Box 842, Columbia, Bio.

Fernald, Robert Hey wood Washington University.

Fischel, Washington E 3841 Washington av.

Forbes, Stephen A.* Urbana, 111.

Fordyce, John R.* 2223 Louisiana st..

Little Rock, Ark.

Francis, David R 4421 Maryland av.

French, George Hazen* Carbondale, 111.

Frerichs, Frederick W 3828 Westminster pi.

Frick, John Henry* Warrenton, Mo.

Fruth, OttoJ 3066 Hawthorne boul.

Fry, Frank R 4919 Washington boul.

Funkhouser, Robert Monroe 4334 Olive st.

Gazzam, James Breading 514 Security bldg.

Geeks, Frank 3453 Magnolia av.

Gelling, H. J 4320 Cook av.

viii Trans. Acad. Sci. of St. Louis.

Glasgow, Frank A 3894 Washington boul.

Glasgow, William C 2847 Washington av.

Goldstein, Max A 3858 Westminster pi.

Goodman, Charles H 3329 Washington av.

Graf, A. V 1325 S. 7th st.

Graves, William W 3900 Olive st.

Graves, Willis Nelson 2813 Lafayette av.

Green, John 2670 Washington av.

Gregory, Elisha Hall 3525 Lucas av.

Gregory, Elisha H., Jr.* Medical Dept. Univ. of Pa.,

Philadelphia.

Grindon, Joseph 3894 Washington av.

Gundelach, Chas. H 4523 Washington boul.

Gundelach, W. J 3703 Finney av.

Gurnej', James Tower Grove and Magnolia avs.

Haarstick, Henry C 103 Chamber of Commerce.

Hambach, Gustavf , 1319 Lami st.

Hardaway, W. A 4500 Olive st.

Harris, James Arthur ....Mo. Botanical Garden.

Hartmann, Rudolph 2020 Victor st.

Held, George A International Bank.

Herzog, William 3651 Castleman av.

Hirschberg, Francis D 3818 Lindell boul.

Hitchcock, Albert Spear* U. S. Dept. Agriculture,

Washington, D. C.

Hitchcock, George C 709 Wainwright bldg.

Homan, George 323 Odd Fellows' bldg.

Hough, Warwick Circuit Court, Room 1.

Hughes, Charles Hamilton 3860 West Pine boul.

Hume, H. Harold* Dept. of Agriculture,

Raleigh, N. C.

Hunicke, Henry August 3532 Victor st.

Hurter, Julius 2346 S. 10th st.

Hus, Henri Th. A Mo. Botanical Garden.

Huston, Hy. A....*. 134 Laclede bldg.

Irish, Henry C Mo. Botanical Garden.

Ives, Halsey Cooley Museum of Fiiie Arts.

Jones, Breckinridge 4010 Lindell boul.

t Elected a life-member, Januarys, 1882.

Members. tx

Keiser, Edward H Washington University.

Kinealy, John H 619 Granite bidg.

King, Goodman 78 Vandeventer pi.

Kirehner, Walter C. G 1211 N. Grand av.

Klem, Mary J 3133 Nebraska av.

Koch, Waldemar H A.* State University, Columbia, Mo.

Lackland, Rufus J 1623 Locust st.

Langsdorf, Alexanders Washington University.

Lange, Th 2709 Gamble st.

Leavitt, Shermann Washington University.

Lefevre, George* State Universitjs Columbia, Mo.

Leighton, George Bridge 803 Garrison av.

Letterman, George W.* AUenton, Mo.

Lichter, John J ; 1740 Simpson av.

Lloyd, Hiram Odd Fellows' bldg.

Loeb, Hanau Wolf 3559 Olive st.

Luedeking, Robert 1837 Lafayette av.

Lumelius, J. George 1225 St. Ange av.

Lyon, Hartwell Nelles ...3910 Russell av.

Mack, Charles Jacob 113 N. Broadway.

Mallinckrodt, Edward 26 Vandeventer pi.

Mallinckrodt, Edward, Jr 26 Vandeventer pi.

Mardorf, W. C 1111 Chouteau av.

Markham, George Dickson 4961 Berlin av.

Marx, Christian William* Univei'sity of Cincinnati,

Cincinnati, O.

Mason, Silas C* Berea, Ky.

Matthews, Leonard 300 N. 4th st.

McBride, W. J ' 5093 Washington av.

Meier, Theodore G 5220 Washington boul.

Merrell, Albert 3814 Washington boul.

Miller, Charles F 1751 Missouri av.

Monell, Joseph T 3227 Iowa av.

Monroe, Lee Ernest* Eureka, Mo.

Moore, Robert 61 Vandeventer pi.

Mudd, Harvey G 2604 Locust st.

Mueller, Ambrose* Webster Groves, Mo.

Nagel, Charles 3869 Washington boul.

Nasse, Aug 209 N. 2d st.

X T7'ans. Acad.

Nautze, Gustav

Nelson Aven*

1

iSci. of St. Louis.

...2868 S. 18th St.
...Laramie, Wyom.

Nipher, Francis E

Norton, J. B. S.*

Oglevee, Christopher Stoner* .
Olshausen Ernest P

....Washington University.
...College Park, Md.

....Lincoln, 111.

1115 Ruti^er st. ;

Olshausen, George R.* .

O'Reilly, Andrew J

O'Reilly, Robert J

...Cornell University, Ithaca, N. Y.
...1507 Papin st.
...3411 Pine st.

Outten, W. B

Overstolz Herman

...Missouri Pacific Hospital.
...106 N. Broadway.

Palmer, Ernest Jesse*

Pammel, Louis Hermann*

Pantaleoni, Guido

Parker, George Ward*

Pauls Giistnviis

...321 S. Allen st., Webb City, Mo.

...Ames, la.

...415 Locust St.

...45 Broadway, New York City.

...St. Louis Altenheim.

Pettus, W. H. H

Pfeiffer, Egmont

Pike, Sherman B.*

Pitzman, Julius

Poats, Thomas Grayson*

Post, Martin Hayward

Prynne, Charles Martyu ..

Quaintance, A. L.*

Randall, John E *

Raphael, Abraham

Ravold, Amand

Reed, Howard S.* ,

Reverchon, Julien*

Rice, Chas. M

Richter, Phil. Georo^e

....4373 Westminster pi.
...2007J Penn st.
....Seattle, Wash.
.. 1900 S. Compton av.
...Clemson College, S. C.
...5371 Waterman av.
...Lincoln Trust bldg.

...U. S Department of Agriculture,

Washington, D. C.
...Cleveland |jamp Factory, Cleve-
land, 0.
...5164 Raymond av.
...2806 Morgan st.
..1002 Lowery st., Columbia, Mo.
...R. F. D. 8, Dallas, Texas.
...3733 Pine. st.
...2424 S. 18th St.

Rieloff, F. C ...

Rilliet, Chas. E

Robert, Edward Scott

...German Consulate, Laclede bldg.
...3018 N. Newstead av.
..1105 Missouri Trust bldo".

Roever, William Henry* .

Rolfs, Peter H.*

Rosen wald, Lucian*

...Cambridge, Mass.
,. Tropical Laboratory, Miami, Fla.

Members. xi

Ruf, Frank A 5863 Cabanne av.

Ryan, Frank K 2725 Lawton av.

Sander, Enno 2807 Lawton av.

Sargent, Charles Sprague* Jamaica Plain, Mass.

Schmidt, Louis Franklin Bank.

Schmitz, R 6th and St. Charles sts.

Schneck, Jacob* Mt. Carmel, 111.

von Schrenk, Hermann Mo. Botanical Garden.

Schroers, John 1730 Missouri av.

Schrowang, Otto Gay bldg.

Schwab, Sidney 1 2602 Locust st.

Schwarz, Frank 1520 Lafayette av.

Schwarz, Henry 440 N. Newstead av.

Schweitzer, Paul* Columbia, Mo.

Scott, Henry C 64 Vandeventer pi.

See, Thomas Jefferson Jackson*.. Naval Observatory,

Mare Island, Cal.

Selby, Augustine Dawson* Wooster, O.

Senseney, E. M '. 2829 Washington av.

Sheldon, Walter L 4065 Delmar av.

Shepley, John F 60 Vandeventer pi.

Shoemaker, William Alfred 4386 Westminster pi.

Simmons, E. C 9th and Spruce sts.

Simmons, "Wallace D 9th and Spruce sts.

Sluder, Greenfield 2647 Washington av.

Smith, Arthur George* 422 N. Dubuque st., Iowa City, la.

Smith, D. S. H 3646 Washington boul.

Smith, Irwin Z 87 Vandeventer pi.

Smith, JaredG.* Honolulu, Hawaiian Islands.

Soldan, F. Louis 3634 Flad av.

Spiegelhalter, Joseph 2166 Lafayette av.

Starkloff, H. M 3623 Cleveland av.

Starr, John E.* 258 Broadway, New York City.

Staudinger, B 3556 Lindell boul.

Stedman, John Moore* State University, Columbia, Mo.

Stevens, Charles D 1749 S. Grand av.

Stevens, Wyandotte James 4043 Juniata st.

Stocker, George J 2833 S. King's Highway.

Summa, Hugo 2249 St. Louis av.

Taussig, Albert E 2647 Washington av.

xii Trans. Acad. Sci. of St. Louis.

Taussig, William 3447 Lafayette av.

Teichmann, William C Mallinckrodt Chemical Works.

Terry, Robert James 1806 Locust st.

Thacher, Arthur 4304 Washington boul.

Thomas, John R 4128 Washington av.

Thurman, John S 4436 Olive st.

Timmerman, Arthur H 2017 Locust st.

Titlmann, Harold H 28 Westmoreland pi.

Trelease, William Mo. Botanical Garden.

Tyler, Eliza Edward* State University, Columbia, Mo.

Tyrrell, Warren Ayers 620 Chestnut st.

Valle, Jules F ....3303 Washington av.

Van Ornum, John Lane Washington University.

Vickroy, Wilhelm Rees 2901 Rauschenbach av.

Walter, Jacob 1931 S. Compton av.

Watts, Millard F 4862 Morgan st.

Weller, Stuart* University of Chicago,

Chicago, 111.
Westgate, John Mintou* Dept. of Agriculture,

Washington, D. C.

Wheeler, H. A 3439 Lucas av.

Whelpley, Henry Milton 2342 Albion pi.

Whitaker, Edwards 300 N. 4th st.

Whitten, John Charles* Columbia, Mo.

Widmann, Otto 5105 Morgan st.

Wilson, Edward Allen 3743 W. Pine st.

Winkelmeyer, Christopher 3540 Lawton av.

Wislizenus, Frederick A 808 Wainwright bldg.

Witt, Thomas D 10 S. Newstead av.

Wolff, Herbert W 3514 Shenandoah st.

Woodward, Calvin Milton Washington University.

Wright, Geo. M 4457 Westminster pi.

Zahorsky, John 1460 S. Grand av.

Zawodny, Joseph* Schloss Lobes, Mscheno bei

Melnik, Bohemia, Austria.
ZoUmann, Geo. H 833 N. 3d st.

CONSTITUTION.

ARTICLE I. NAME.

Section 1. This Association shall be called " The Acad-
emy OF Science of St. Louis."

ARTICLE II. object.

Section 1. It shall have for its object the promotion of
science.

Sec. 2. As means to this end the Academy shall hold
meetings for the consideration and discussion of scientific
subjects ; shall take measures to procure original papers upon
such subjects; and shall, as often as may be practicable,
publish its transactions. It shall also establish and maintain
a cabinet of objects illustrative of the several departments of
science, and a library of works relating to the same. It
shall also place itself in communication with other scientific
institutions.

article III. MEMBERS.

Section 1. The Academy shall consist of Active Members,
Corresponding Members, Honorary Members, and Patrons.

Sec. 2. Active Members shall be persons interested in
science, and they alone shall conduct the affairs of the
Academy.

Sec. 3. Persons not living in the City or County of St.
Louis who may be disposed to further the object of the
Academy by original researches, contributions of specimens,
or otherwise, may be elected Corresiwnding Members.

Sec. 4. Persons not living in the Cit}^ or County of St.
Louis may be elected Honorary Members by virtue of their
attainments in science.

Sec. 5. Any person conveying to the Academy the sum of

xiv Trans. Acad. Set. of St. Louis.

one thousand dollars ($1,000), or its equivalent, may be
elected a Patron.

Sec. 6. Persons may be admitted to any of the preceding
classes of membership, or dismissed therefrom, in accordance
with the regulations prescribed by the By-Laws.

ARTICLE IV. OFFICERS.

Section 1. The officers of the Academy shall be chosen
from the active members, and they shall consist of a

President,

1st Vice-President,

2d Vice-President,

Recording Secretary,

Corresponding Secretary,

Treasurer,

Librarian,

Three Curators,

Two Directors.

Said officers shall be elected at the time and in the man-
ner prescribed by the By-Laws, and shall hold their offices
for one year, or until their successors are elected.

Sec. 2. The duties of these officers shall be such as are
customary and as prescribed by the By-Laws.

article v. council.

Section 1. The officers shall constitute the Council of the
Academy and at its meetings five shall constitute a quorum.

Sec. 2. The duties of the Council shall be to consider
all plans conducive to the welfare of the Academy ; to audit
all bills and order payment of such as they may approve ;
to consider all applications for membership ; and to adminis-
ter the business of the Academy, subject to the Constitution
and By-Laws and to such instructions as may be given by
the Academy.

Constitution. xv

ARTICLE VI. MEETINGS.

Section 1. The meetings of the Academy shall be held at
such times and places as the By-Laws may direct.

ARTICLE VII. AMENDMENTS.

Section 1. Amendments to this Constitution shall be sub-
mitted in writing at a regular meeting. They shall be open
to discussion until at least the second meeting thereafter.
They may then be adopted by a two-thirds vote of a letter-
ballot, conducted in the manner prescribed by the Council.

ARTICLE Vlll. sections.

Section 1. To encourage and promote special investiga-
tions in any branch of science, members of the Academy
may form Sections which shall be constituted as herein
provided.

Sec. 2. For the formation of a Section written application
shall be made to the Academy, at a regular meeting, by not
less than six active members.

On the approval of this application by the affirmative vote
of two-thirds of the members present at the next regular
meeting, the Section shall be established and the names of
the petitioners shall be recorded on its minutes as its
founders.

Sec. 3. Sections may increase the number of their mem-
bers by election, but only members of the Academy shall be
elected members of any of the Sections.

Sec. 4. The officers of each Section shall be a Chairman
and a Secretary, w^ho shall be elected by its members at the
first meeting of the Section, and subsequently at the first
meeting in January of each year.

Sec. 5. The collections and books of each Section are the
common property of the Academy. Donations of books and
specimens made to or for any Section shall be received as
donations to the Academy for the use of the Section.

xvi Trans. Acad, Sci. of St. Louis.

Sec. 6. A report of the proceedings of each Section shall
be submitted to the Academy at least once every month.
Papers read before any Section with a view to publication by
the Academy shall take the same course as papers read before
the Academy.

Sec. 7. On all points not herein provided for, each Section
shall be governed by the Constitution, By-Laws, ai^d instruc-
tions of the Academy.

BY-LAWS.

I. REGULAR MEETINGS.

The regular meetings of the Academy shall be held ou the
first and third Monday evenings of every month, unless
otherwise ordered by the Council.

II. SPECIAL MEETINGS.

Special meetings may be called by the President at his dis-
cretion, and shall be called by him on the written request of
three or more members.

Ill, NOTICE OF MEETINGS.

The Recording Secretary shall send a notice of each meet-
ing to every active member at least two days before such
meeting.

IV. QUORUM.

Seven members shall constitute a quorum, but four mem-
bers shall constitute a legal meeting for reading of papers.

V. ORDER OF BUSINESS.

The order of proceeding, at the regular meetings of the
Academy, shall be as follows : —

1. Minutes of last meeting.

2. Report of the Council.

3. Reports of Committees.

4. Report of the Corresponding Secretary.
6. Donations to the Museum and Library.

6. Written Communications.

7. Oral Cummunications.

8. Deferred Business.

9. New Business.

10. Elections.

11. Proposals for Membership.

12. Adjournment.

xviii Tram. Acad. Sci. of St. Louis.

VI. CORRESPONDING SECRETARY.

It shall be the duty of the Corresponding Secretary to
conduct the correspondence and report to the Academy.

VII. TREASURER,

The Treasurer shall collect all moneys due the Academy;
be custodian of all its funds, and pay such bills against the
Academy as the Council shall approve. The Treasurer shall
deposit the moneys and invest the funds of the Academy in
its name and by and with the advice of the Council. Besides
his annual report to the Academy, the Treasurer shall make
Such further reports and statements concerning the financial
affairs of the Academy as the Council may from time to time
require. Before entering upon his duties, the Treasurer shall
give bond in such sum as may be required by the Council.

VIII. LIBRARIAN.

The Librarian shall take charge of all books belonging to
or deposited with the Academy, and shall be responsible for
the same; he shall keep a catalogue thereof, in which the
names of contributors shall be inscribed ; he shall superintend
the distribution of all the publications of the Academy.

IX. COUNCIL.

The Council shall act as a publication committee ; shall
prepare a program for each meeting, and may make rules and
regulations for their own guidance, not inconsistent with the
Constitution and By-Laws.

X. ELECTION OF OFFICERS.

A nominating committee of three active members who are
not oflficers of the Academy shall be elected at the first regu-
lar meeting in December. This committee shall nominate

By-Laws. xix

candidates for all the offices for the ensuing year, and report
the nominations at the following meeting, when other nom-
inations may be made by any active member. The Recording
Secretary shall mail to every active member a list of the nom-
inees for office, at least ten days preceding the annual meet-
ing. The polls shall be closed at 6 p. m. on the day of the
annual meeting, after which the nominating committee shall
count the ballots and announce the results to the Academy.
A plurality of the votes cast shall suffice to elect.

XI. VACANCIES.

All vacancies shall be tilled by the Council in a regular or
called meeting, notice whereof having been given at least two
days previously.

XII. ELECTION OF MEMBERS.

A candidate for admission to the Academy shall be pro-
posed by not less than two members at any regular meeting.
The proposal must then be referred to the Council, and if
upon examination they shall Hud the candidate to be eligible
and worthy of membership, they shall order the question as to
his admission to be submitted to the Academy by ballot. If
there be five votes in the negative, the candidate shall be re-
jected, and shall not be again voted upon for twelve months
after such rejection. But if the number of negative votes
be less than five, the candidate shall be elected, but shall not
be considered a member until he shall have paid the initiation
fee and the annual dues for the current year. Any failure to
pay the initiation fee and annual dues within thirty days after
the candidate has been notified of his election, shall work a
forfeiture of all rights under said election, if the Council
shall so determine. No entry shall be made on the record of
the rejection of any candidate.

XIII. RESIGNATION OF MEMBERS.

Any member whose dues have been fully paid, may with-

XX Trans. Acad. Sci. of St. Louis.

draw from the Academy by a written resignation. Non-pay-
ment of dues for one year or longer may be treated as equiv-
alent to resignation ; but before any member is dropped from
the rolls for delinquency, he shall be entitled to not less than
four weeks' notice.

XIV. EXPULSION OF MEMBERS.

Upon the written request of five members, that, for cause
stated, any member be expelled, the Council shall consider
the matter, and if they deem it best, shall advise the member
that his resignation will be accepted. He shall, however,
have the right to demand and shall be given a copy of the
charcyes asfainst him, and shall have a reasonable time to pre-
sent a written defense. The Council may then pass finally
upon the matter, and if resignation has not been tendered, or
a satisfactory defense made, may by an affirmative vote of
four of their number expel the member, in which case they
shall notify him and the Academy of their action, and his
name shall be at once dropped from the list of members.

XV. INITIATION FEE AND DUES.

Resident active members shall pay an initiation fee of five
dollars, and annual dues of six dollars, payable at the begin-
ning of each year. Non-resident active members shall pay
an initiation fee of five dollars and annual dues of one-half
the dues for resident active members, payable at the begin-
ning of each year.

XVI. HONOKARY MEMBERS AND PATRONS.

Honorary members and Patrons shall be recommended by
the Council, and elected by the unanimous vote of the mem-
bers present at any regular meeting.

XVII. PUBLICATIONS.

Patrons and all active members not in arrears shall be

Bij-Laws. xxi

entitled to one copy of all the publications of the Academy
issued subsequent to their election. Authors of papers
shall be entitled to twenty extra copies of their individual
papers.

XVII. SALE OF REAL ESTATE.

The property conveyed to The Academy of Science of St.
Louis on the eighteenth day of March, 1903, by Edgar R.
Hoadley and Lavinia L. Hoadley, as a gift from Mrs. Eliza
McMillan and William N. McMillan, shall not be mortgaged
or voluntarily incumbered by the Academy of Science ; and
the said property shall not be sold, except with the consent
of two-thirds of the members of the Academy of Science,
obtained by letter ballot, in such manner as may be pre-
scribed by the Council, and, when sold, the proceeds of the
sale or so much thereof as may be necessary, shall be used to
provide a suitable location and building for the use of The
Academy of Science of St. Louis.

XIX. AUTHORITY.

On all points of order and procedure, not provided for in
the Constitution and By-Laws. Robert'' s Ruhs of Order shall
be the authority.

XX. AMENDMENTS.

These By-Laws may be amended by two-thirds vote of
all the members present at any regular meeting, provided
notice of the proposed amendment shall have been mailed
to every member at least one week before the vote thereon
is taken.

ABSTRACT OF HISTORY.

ORGANIZATION.

The Academy of Science of St. Louis was organized on the
10th of March, 1856, in the hall of the Board of Public
Schools. Dr. George Engelmann was the first President.

CHARTER.

On the 17th of January following, a charter incorporating
the Academy was signed and approved, and this was accepted
by vote of the Academy on the 9th of February, 1857.

OBJECTS.

The act of incorporation declares the object of the Academy
to be the advancement of science and the establishment in
St. Louis of a museum and library for the illustration and
study of its various branches, and provides that the members
shall acquire no individual property in the real estate, cabinets,
library, or other of its effects, their interest being usufruc-
tuary merely.

The constitution as adopted at the organization meeting
and amended at various times subsequently, provides for hold-
ing meetings for the consideration and discussion of scientific
subjects ; taking measures to procure original papers upon such
subjects; the publication of transactions; the establishment
and maintenance of a cabinet of objects illustrative of the
several departments of science, and a library of works relating
to the same ; and the estal)lishment of relations with other
scientific institutions. To encourage and promote special in-
vestigation in any branch of science, the formation of special
sections under the charter is provided for.

Abstract of History.

5IEMBERSHIP.

Members are classified as active members, corresponcUug
members, honorary members and patrons. Active member-
ship is limited to persons interested in science, though they
need not of necessity be engaged in scientific work, and they
alone conduct the affairs of the Academy, under its constitu-
tion. Persons not living in the city or county of St. Louis
who are disposed to further the objects of the Academy, by
original researches, contributions of specimens, or otherwise,
are eligible as corresponding members. Persons not living
in the city or county of St. Louis are eligible as honorary
members by virtue of their attainments in science. Any
person conveying to the Academy the sum of one thousand
dollars or its equivalent becomes eligible as a patron.

Under the by-laws, resident active members pay an initia-
tion fee of five dollars and annual dues of six dollars. Non-
resident active members pay the same initiation fee, but
annual dues of three dollars only. Patrons, and honorary and
corresponding members, are exempt from the payment of
dues. Each patron and active member not in arrears is
entitled to one copy of each publication of the Academy issued
after his election.

Since the organization of the Acadeni}', 988 persons have
been elected to active membership, of whom, at the present
time, 264 are carried on the list. Four patrons, Mr. Edwin
Harrison, Mrs. Eliza McMillan, Mr. William Northrop
McMillan and Mr. Henry W. Eliot, have been elected. The
list of corresponding members (Vol. X., p. xii) includes 205
names, among which are the names of 103 persons known to
be deceased.

The presence of a number of eminent scientists from all
parts of the world at the International Congress during the
World's Fair of 1904, was considered a suitable occasion for
electing the following gentlemen as honorary members of the
Academy, in recognition of their valuable services to science :
Prof. Svante Arrhenius (Stockholm), Prof. Dr. Leopold

xxiv Trans. Acad. Sci. of St. Louis.

Bahlsen (Berlin), Prof. Dr. Ludwig Boltzmann (Vienna),
Sefior Alfredo Chavero (Mexico), Prof. Theodor Escherich
(Vienna), Prof. Shibasaburo Kitasoto (Tokio), Geh. Ober
Keg. R. Theodor Lewald (Berlin), Count Limburg-Stirum
(Berlin), Prof. Henri Moissan (Paris), G^b. Rath Dr. Johann
Orth (Berlin), Prof. Wilhelm Ostwald (Leipzig), Sir William
Ramsay (London), Prof. Ernest Rutherford (Montreal),
Prof. J. W. Van 't Hoff (Berlin), Geh. Rath Prof. Dr.
Wilhelm Waldeyer (Berlin), Prof. Dr. Wassermann (Berlin),
Geh. Rath Prof. Dr. L. Wittmack (Berlin), from all of
which courteous letters of acceptance have been received.

OFFICERS AND MANAGEMENT.

The officers, who are chosen from the active members, con-
sist of a President, two Vice-Presidents, Recording and Cor-
responding Secretaries, Treasurer, Librarian, three Curators,
and two Directors. The general business management of the
Academy is vested in a Council composed of the Officers.

The office of President has been filled by the following well-
known citizens of St. Louis, nearly all of whom have been
eminent in some line of scientific work: George Engelmann,
Benjamin F. Shumard, Adolphus Wislizenus, Hiram A.
Prout, John B. Johnson, James B. Eads, William T. Harris,
Charles V. Riley, Francis E. Nipher, Henry S. Pritchett,
John Green, Melvin L. Gray, Edmund A. Engler, Robert
Moore, Henry W. Eliot, Edwin Harrison, and Adolf Alt.

MEETINGS.

The regular meetings of the Academy are held at its build-
ing, 3817 Olive Street, at 8 o'clock, on the first and third
Monday evenings of each month, a recess being taken between
the meeting on the first Monday in June and the meeting on
the third Monday in October. These meetings, to which
interested persons arc always welcome, are devoted in part to
the reading of technical papers designed for publication in the
Academy's Transactions, and in part to the presentation of

Abstract of History.

XXV

more popular abstracts of recent investigation or pro-
gress. From time to time public lectures, calculated to
interest a larger audience, are provided for in some suitable
hall.

The following dates for regular meetings for the year 1906
have been fixed by the Council : —

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

April.

May.

June.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

15

5
19

5
19

2
16

7
21

4

15

5
19

3
17

LI

BRARY.

After its organization, the Academy met in Pope's Medical
College, where a creditable beginning had been made toward
the formation of a museum and library, until May, 1869,
when the building and museum were destroyed by fire, the
library being saved. The library now contains 15,654 books
and 14,245 pamphlets, and is open during certain hours of
the day for consultation by members and persons engaged in
scientific work.

PUBLICATIONS AND EXCHANGES.

Fifteen thick octavo volumes of Transactions have been
published since the organization of the Academy, and widely
distributed. Two quarto publications have also been issued:
one from the Archaeological section, being a contribution to
the archaeology of Missouri, and the other a report of the
observations made bj the Washington University Eclipse
Party of 1889. The Academy now stands in exchange rela-
tions with 580 institutions or organizations of aims similar to
its own.

xxvi Trans. Acad. Sci. of St. Louis.

MUSEUM.

After the loss of its first museum, in 1869, the Academy
lacked adequate room for the arrangement of a public
museum, and, although small museum accessions were received
and cared for, its main effort of necessity was concentrated
on the holding of meetings, the formation of a library, the
publication of worthy scientific matter, and the maintenance
of relations with other scientific bodies.

But now in possession of a suitable home, full attention
can again be devoted to the museum, and the same is grad-
ually growing.

RECORD.

From January 1, 1905, to December 31, 1905.
Meetikg of January 16, 1905.

The Academy of Science of St. Louis met in the Academy
Building at 8:00 p. m., January 16, 1905; Dr. A. Alt in the
chair; attendance fifty.

The Treasurer reported on the Academy's financial condi-
tion for the year 1904, showing a balance of $1,381.33.*

The Librarian submitted his annual report for the year

1904. t

The Nominating Committee reported the results of the
Annual Election as follows: —

President Dr. Adolf Alt.

First Vice-President Wm. Trelease.

Second Vice-President Dr. Joseph Spiegelhalter.

Recording Secretary Ernest P. Olshausen.

Corresponding Secretary August Hunicke.

Treasurer Enno Sander.

Librarian G. Hanibach.

Curators G. Hambach,

Frank Schwarz,
Julius Hurter.

Directors F. E. Nipher,

Otto Widmann.

Dr. H. M. Whelpley delivered an interesting lecture on the
"Mammoth Cave of Kentucky," illustrated with numerous
lantern slides, giving a description of the cave, a history of
its discovery and the methods of thorough inspection.

* Transactions, Vol. XIV., Page XLIV.
t Transactions, Vol. XIV., Page XLV.

Trans. Acad. Sci. of St. Louis.

February 6, 1905.

President Adolf Alt in the chair; attendance nineteen.

Mr. J. H. Kinealy delivered a lecture on "Calorimeters
for Determining the Heatino; Powers of Fuels." With the
aid of a series of lantern slides he gave a history and a de-
scription of the various methods and apparatus used for this
purpose during the past one hundred years.

February 20, 1905.

Prof. F. E. Nipher in the chair; attendance thirteen.

Mr. G. Pauls read a short paper on the relations of human
and plant life.

Prof. CM. Woodward delivered a lecture on the " Action
of an Eccentric Weight on a Rolling Wheel." He showed by
a series of mathematical formulae that the eccentric weight
of a locomotive wheel in motion, together with the centri-
fugal force, when running at a high velocity of about sixty
miles exerts an enormous pressure upon the track, which
pressure is balanced by a similar weight in the opposite spoke
of the wheel acting as a lifting power.

March 6, 1905.

President Adolf Alt in the chair; attendance fifteen.

Mr. H. A. Huston, the lecturer of the evening, donated
to the Academy a collection of the raw materials from which
the products of the Stassfurt Industry are derived.

Mr. H. A. Huston delivered a lecture on the " Stassfurt
Industry of Potash, Sulphate of Magnesia, Bromine, etc.,"
illustrating with a series of lantern slides the geological
formation, the method of mining the raw material, the
technical apparatus and the shipping of the products.

March 20, 1905.
President A. Alt in the chair; attendance fifteen.

Record. xxix

Dr. L. W. Andrews was elected an active mem])er.
Dr. H. M. Whelpley delivered a lecture on the " Progress
in the Study and Development of ^Medical Remedies."

April 3, 1905.

President A. Alt in the chair; attendance twelve.

Mr. Julius Hurter donated to the Academy a collection of
mollusks, containing 216 species represented by 776 speci-
mens, with a catalogue of the same. The thanks of the
Academy were expressed for the donation.

Mr. Henri Th. A. Hus was elected an active member.

Mr. G. E. Clement gave an outline of the system of
government forestry with reference to the difficulties of some
of the problems, the economical utilization of timber, the
treatment of timber with zinc chloride and creosote for the
preservation of wood as used for railway ties and bridge
timber, and of timber testing for determining the value of
various timbers.

April 17, 1905.

President A. Alt in the chair; attendance forty.

Mr. John F. Wixford delivered a lecture on the "Purifi-
cation of our City Water Supply." After a brief sketch of his
connection with the city water works as chemist, during which
time the various processes for clarifying river water were
tried — only to be found wanting — the speaker explained in de-
tail his process of converting the constituents of the water into
coagulants, which in a great measure do the work of purifica-
tion. He found that the main ingredients of the w^ater, clay,
carbonic acid, calcium bicarbonate, salicylic acid and mag-
nesia compounds, could be converted into insoluble com-
pounds by lime water. The process consists in adding to the
water a solution of ferrous sulphate and then enough hydrate
of lime to convert not only the metallic salt first added into
an insoluble hydrate but also the very constituents of the
water itself into insoluble compounds. The insoluble com-
pounds formed by the reaction of the lime on the compounds

XXX Trans. Acad. Sci. of St. Louis.

in the water crystallize upon the metallic hydrate formed by
the action of the lime on the metallic salt first added.
Aggregations of suspended matter soon appear and settle
rapidly, leaving the water clear and pure without any process
of filtration.

May 1, 1905.

President A. Alt in the chair; attendance sixteen.

Mr. Louis Schmidt was elected an active member.

Dr. N. M. Glatfelter presented by title a catalogue of 469
of the Higher Fungi in the vicinity of St. Louis. He exhib-
ited a number of interesting specimens, most of which were
new species and edible.

Mr. G. Pauls presented some specimens of tulips which
had developed and colored their petals four inches under the
surface.

Mr. Henri Th. A. Has of the Missouri Botanical Garden
delivered a lecture on the " Influence of Man on the Form
of Plants," illustrated with green and herbarium specimens.

The speaker introduced his subject by giving a short sketch
of the conditions necessitating, in course of time, the changes
in plants, made by man, because of his change from a bar-
barian to a civilized being.

Under the influence of man the form of fruits and flowers,
and even entire plants, undergo changes, which may be in
the individual or in the species. Changes in the individual
are mechanical, based chiefly upon physiological consider-
ation.

Among the principal means of influencing individuals, are

1. Pruning, with the object of producing better fruit, or
for decorative purposes, as the hedges of the old Italian
country places and the Japanese gardens.

2. Grafting, which produces improved forms as a result of
selection.

3. Forcing, for the mercantile value, as of strawberries and
lillies of the valley. This has its limitations, however, as a
certain period of rest is necessary for every plant. But this
period of rest can be brought about earlier by not watei'ing,

Record. xxxi

by artificial cooling or by a narcosis. Consequently the
growing season can be secured much earlier than usual.

Far more interesting is the influence of man upon species,
depending upon fluctuating variability and mutation. While
selection cannot produce a constant species, it helps us to
keep up the standard.

The most wonderful achievements have been obtained by
hybridization. As a result of crossing, flowers and fruits
with which we are familiar, are very different from the wild
varieties; so changed, in fact, that we do not recognize them
unless trained botanists.

Among the living botanists, who have been successful in
producing hybrids, is Burbank of California. His aim is to
produce plants with shipping qualities and such as can be
grown in regions which are now little used for cultivation.
One of the things he has worked out is the " Thornless
Cactus," which can be grown on the deserts of Arizona and
New Mexico and forms excellent cattle food for dairies. This
hybrid Burbank obtained by crossing a certain species of
Mexican cactus with a certain species from South Africa.

Hybridization is not successful, however, if the two plants
taken are too widely separated in their characteristics. Either
no seed is formed, or hybrids are produced, which are not
fertile; strawberries, when crossed with blackberries, produce
a variety with flowers but no fruit. The best results are
obtained by combination.

May 15, 1905.

President A. Alt in the chair; attendance fourteen.

The President announced the death, on May 13th, of Mr.
Edwin Harrison, a patron and former president of the
Academy. Prof. F. E. Nipher, Dr. G. Hambach and Mr.
E. P. Olshausen were appointed a committee to prepare reso-
lutions commemorative of the deceased. On motion of Dr.
Hambach the Secretary was instructed to request Prof. G. C.
Broadhead of Columbia, Mo., to write a biography of Mr.
Harrison for publication in the Proceedings of the Academy.

xxxii Trans. Acad. ScL of St. Louis.

The President also announced the death, on April 9th, of
Mr. Wm. H. Pulsifer, an esteemed member of the Academy.
The drafting of resolutions, referring to his demise, was
intrusted to the same committee.

Dr. J. Arthur Harris delivered a lecture on the *' Influence
of Insects upon the Geographical Distribution of Plants."

June 5, 1905.

President A. Alt in the chair; attendance seventy.

Prof. J. F. Abbott delivered an interesting lecture on
" Social Customs of the Japanese " illustrated with lantern
slides.

The committee appointed to prepare resolutions com-
memorative of Mr. Wm. H. Pulsifer, who died at
Washington, D. C, April 9, 1905, recommended the
following : —

The Academy of Science, on hearing of the death of
William H. Pulsifer, desires to express its deep sorrow at the
loss of one of its oldest and most esteemed members.

Durino- his residence in St. Louis and even after his
removal to the East, he was ever active in furthering the
welfare of the Academy and in extending the field of its
activity. He always showed untiring interest in its pro-
ceedings and lent all possible aid. He was a member of the
Archaeological Section in 1876, which, for some time, fur-
nished material for the Academy's publications.

The establishment of a natural history museum was also in
part due to his efforts, he being one of the original members
of the " St. Louis Museum of Arts and Sciences," formed in
1877 under the auspices of the Merchants' Exchange.

He represented a rare example of the true citizen, whose
interest in higher endeavors is not shadowed by his business
instincts. He was therefore highly esteemed by all who
knew him well.

(Signed) F. E. Nipher,
G. Hambach,
E. P. Olshausen.

Record. xxxiii

The resolutions were adopted as presented and ordered
spread on the record of the Academy.

WILLIAM HENRY PULSIFER.

William Henry Pulsifer was born at Boston in 1831, the
eighth in descent from Benedict Pulsifer, who settled at
Ipswich, Massachusetts, in 1662, and who is the first of the
name of Pulsifer known to have lived in America.

Mr. Pulsifer attended the Grammar and High Schools of
the City of Boston. Upon leaving school he engaged in
mercantile business in Boston and resided there with occa-
sional extended business visits to the West until 1859, when he
removed to St. Louis, Missouri, where he became engaged in
the manufacture of white lead and other chemical products.
He continued to reside in St. Louis until 1890, when he re-
tired from active business and returned to the East, residing,
in the winter, at Newton Centre, Mass., and at Washington,^
D. C, and passing the summer at his country place at
Nonquitt, on Buzzard's Bay, Mass.

During his residence in St. Louis, Mr. Pulsifer was promi-
nent in many business and financial enterprises. He was for
many years president of the St. Louis Lead and Oil Co. ;
treasurer of the American Central Insurance Company;
a director of the National Bank of Commerce and of several
corporations. He was a fellow of the American Association
for the Advancement of Science ; a member of the Academy
of Science of St. Louis ; of the Anthropological Society of
Washington; of the American Folk-Lore Society; of the
National Geographic Society; of the American Forestry
Association; of the New England Historic-Genealogical
Society ; of the Society of the Sons of the American Revolu-
tion; and of the Bostonian Society.

Mr. Pulsifer was a member of the Union Club of New York
and of the Cosmos and Metropolitan Clubs of Washington,
D. C.

Mr. Pulsifer died April 9, 1905, at Washington, D. C,

xxxiv Trans. Acad. ScL of St. Louis.

where he had been spendingthe winter. He leaves a wife and
one daughter, Mrs. H. Duncan Wood of New York.

The committee appointed to prepare resolutions on the
death of the Academy's late president, Mr. Edwin Harrison,
recommended the following: —

With the death on May 13, 1905, of Mr. Edwin Harrison,
for many years a patron of the Academy and its President
in 1904, the Academy of Science of St. Louis has lost one of
its oldest and most actively interested members.

Elected an associate member, February 9, 1857, when the
Academy was itself scarcely a year old, Mr. Harrison con-
tinued a member to the time of his death. In the early
volumes his name appears, again and again, among the
donors. Not only did he manifest his interest by gifts to the
museum and library, but by many acts of liberality in assist-
ino" the Academy in the publication of its Transactions.

In recognition of his interest during his active member-
ship, Mr. Harrison was unanimously elected a patron of the
Academy, November 16, 1896.

Your committee, to whom was intrusted the framing of
suitable resolutions in commemoration of his services to the
Academy, feel that we owe to him a debt of gratitude for his
many gifts to the museum and library and for the interest he
took in all earnest scientific workers.

(Signed) F. E. Nipher, '
G. Hambach,
E. P. Olshausen.

Record. xxxv

EDWIN HARRISON.
SKETCH OF HIS LIFE BY G. C. BROADHEAD.

James Harrison was born in Bourbon County, Kentucky,
October, 1803. He married Maria Louisa Prewitt of Howard
County, Missouri, in 1830. He was of nortii of Ireland ex-
traction and of English ancestry and of strong mental and
physical vigor. He early traded in Northern Mexico and from
1834 to 1840 was in business in Arkansas, maintaining several
trading establishments in different towns.

In 1840 he moved to St. Louis and in 1843 became part
owner of the Iron Mountain property. In 1845 he organized
the Iron Mountain Company, which soon became one of the
strongest comi)anies of the AVest. He was a director of the
Iron Mountain Railroad Company and also of the Missouri
Pacific.

Edwin Harrison, the subject of our sketch, was the son of
James Harrison and was born in Washington County, Ar-
kansas. He was also of fine form and physical vigor, strong
mind and clear judgment.

When he was four years of age his father moved to St.
Louis, which was ever after their home. In 1846 he attended
a school in Ste. Genevieve. At the age of twelve he was
sent to a school at Nanauer in Belgium, where he remained
for several years. In 1851 he returned to St. Louis and
attended Wymans School for two years. In 1853 he
entered the Lawrence Scientific School at Cambridsfe,
Mass., graduating from it in 1856, While there he had for
preceptors the great Naturalist and Zoologist, Louis Agassiz,
and Asa Gray, the Botanist. He had a great admiration for
Agassiz, and with a natural love for Science this association
had its effect in his after life. Although often burdened with
the accumulation of business, he always loved to further the
needs of Science.

In 1873 he married Miss Laura E. Sterne of Glasgow,
Mo., who with their two sons and a daujrhter survives him.

xxxvi Trans. Acad. ScL of St. Louis.

During the last six months of his life he suffered acutely
from organic diseases of the heart, and had to keep indoors
much of the time. While reading a newspaper at his home,
3747 Westminster Place, death suddenly overtook him. He
died Saturday evening. May 13, 1905, aged 69 3'^ears.

The Rev. R. A. Holland, Episcopal Minister, officiated at
the funeral and spoke with great feeling of Mr. Harrison's
career. " His was the example of an active life in which
commendation of others had largely entered." His pall-
bearers included some of the most prominent citizens of St.
Louis.

He was President of the Society for the Prevention of Cru-
elty to Animals, President of the Historical Society, Presi-
dent of the Mercantile Library Association, President of the
St. Louis Fair Association, President of the St. Louis Hos-
pital Association, President of the Academy of Science of St.
Louis and a member of the Academy for 48 years. He was
a Mas(m, a member of the Society of Elks, of the St. Louis
Legion of Honor, of the American Association for the Ad-
vancement of Science, of the American Institute of Mining
Engineers, and a member of several other home societies.

He had lived in St. Louis nearly all his life and was identi-
fied with her best interests. Long a member of the Academy
of Science, he took a leading part in many of its meetings,
donating many valuable specimens to its museum. In 1872
he donated to the Society a fine photograph of Agassiz and a
life-sized photograph of Dr. B. F. Shumard.

On January 1, 1868, he read before the Academy an excel-
lent article onthe age of the porphyries of Southeast Missouri,
illustrated by a sketch plainly showing that the Porphyry
was of older age than the Magnesian Limestones.

In 1896 the Council of the Academy of Science of St. Louis
recommended that, in view of his numerous donations to the
Academy, he be elected a Patron. This was voted for unani-
mously by the members of the Academy. This means a life
membership with no payment of fees and is the highest honor
that the Society could confer.

Prof. C. M. Woodward of Washington University tells of

Record. xxxvii

the great interest that Edwia Harrison took in the early
organization of the Manual Training School. That one
morning he asked Prof. Woodward what was needed.
He answered that 1300 dollars was needed to secure a
competent teacher for the next year. The following morning
Mr. Harrison sent him a check for that amount. The next
year Mr. Harrison paid the full amount for putting up the
Manual Training Building. He was a member of the
managing board, and from its organization until his
death he was its chairman. His interest in the school never
flagged.

In 1858 and 1859 Edwin Harrison was actively employed
in the work of the Missouri Geological Survey. In 1858 he
assisted Dr. J. G. Norwood and Dr. B. F. Shumard in their
geological surveys in southeast Missouri and was with Dr.
Norwood in 1859 on his survey in western Missouri. In 1870
Mr. Harrison was appointed by the Governor a member of
the State Board of Mines and Geology and served as such
until it passed out of existence in 1875.

In 1860-62 he was engaged in merchandizing in Santa Fe.
Returning to St. Louis he engaged in iron manufacturing and
was the President of the E. Harrison & Co., Manufacturers
of Iron. His father dying in 1870, he succeeded to his great
accumulation of business. He then became the President of
the Chouteau, Harrison and Valle Iron Co. and owner of the
Laclede Rolling Mills.

He was President of the Leadville Branch of the St. Louis
Smelting and Refining Works. He was identified with mining
enterprises in Montana, was a stockholder in the Granite
Mountain Co. and was familiar with the mineral resources
from Oregon to Mexico.

With his education, his natural tastes, his vast experience
in mining operations and his almost constant association with
both business and science, the country has lost a trained
geologist and naturalist, as well as a tine business man and
a great helper to institutions of learning, a benefactor to
mankind.

xxxviii Trans. Acad. Sci. of St. Louis.

October 16, 1905.

President A. Alt in the chair; attendance thirty.

The Museum on the third floor was inspected by the mem-
bers present.

The following donations, received since the last meeting,
were reported and the thanks of the Academy expressed
therefor : —

Dr. A. Alt: — An Edition de Luxe of Dr. S. A. Binion's
magnificent work on "Ancient Egpyt or Mizrain," being a
profusely illustrated description of ancient Egyptian monu-
ments and art treasures in four parts,

Mr. H. A. Wheeler: — 79 books and 110 pamphlets,
chiefly works on geology.

Dr. and Mrs. Chas. H. Gundelach : — Specimens of rich
silver ores (silver chlorides) from San Bernardino County,
California.

Mrs. Samuel M. Fields: — A specimen of cinnabar from
Southern Texas.

Mr. Frank Schwarz: — A case containing 53 beetles
mounted.

Mr. Julius Hurter: — A Gorgonia (Sea-fan) from Nassau,
Bahama Islands; also a small shark.

Mr. Geo. A. Winzer: An Indian pipe used by Chief Red
Cloud and presented by the Chief to the donor's father in the
early seventies.

The following proposition to amend Art. V of the Consti-
tution and Art. XI of the By-Laws was presented.

Art. V of the Constitution, which now reads " The Presi-
dent, the two Vice-Presidents, the Recording Secretary, the
Treasurer, the Librarian and the two Directors shall consti-
tute the Council of the Academy," to read "The officers
shall constitute the Council of the Academy and at its meet-
ing five shall constitute a quorum."

Art. XI of the By-Laws, which now reads " A vacancy in
any oflice shall be filled by election conducted in the same
manner as the annual election," to read " All vacancies shall

Record. xxxix

be filled by the Council in a regular or called meeting, notice
whereof having been given at least two days previously."
Mr. Geo. E. McClure presented some interesting remarks
" On the Order Orchidacea," illustrated with striking stere-
opticon and living specimens from the Missouri Botanical
Garden. He gave a description of the culture, hybridization
and collection of the plants, including interesting observations
on fertilization.

November 6, 1905.

President A. Alt in the chair; attendance eighteen.
Mr. Julian Bagby was elected an active member.
Prof. A. S. Langsdorf delivered a lecture on " Lono"
Distance Transmission of Power."

November 20, 1905.

President A. Alt in the chair; attendance twenty-seven.

Mr. Juhus Hurter donated to the Museum a shark's jaw
from Nassau, Bahama Islands.

Dr. W. C. Mardorf and Mr. Arthur A. Brown were elected
active members.

Prof. CM. Woodward presented a mathematical analysis
on the throws of dice.

December 4, 1905.

President A. Alt in the chair; attendance thirty.

Mrs. J. B. Johnson presented a portrait of her husband,
Dr. J. B. Johnson, who died October 6, 1903, and who had
been a member of the Academy for many years.

Mr. Julius Hurter presented a large shell of a Tridacna
gigas from Mindanao, Philippine Islands.

Mr. John H. Kinealy, Prof. A. S. Langsdorf and Prof.
CM. Woodward were elected as a nominating committee to
prepare a ticket for the annual election of officers.

Dr. A. Alt read a paper by Dr. Casey A. Wood of Chicago
on "The Eyes and Eye-sight of the Lower Animals," illus-
trated by colored stereopticon views.

xl Trans. Acad. Sci. of St. Louis.

December 18, 1905.

President A. Alt in the chair; attendance thirty-five.

The nominating committee reported the following ballot for
the annual election, which was ordered printed and mailed to
the members : —

President Adolf Alt.

First Vice-President William Trelease.

Second Vice-President Joseph Spiep;elhalter.

Recording Secretary Ernest P. Olshausen.

Corresponding Secretary August Hunicke.

Treasurer Enno Sander.

Librarian G. Hambach.

Curators G. Hambach,

Frank Schwarz,

Julius Hurler.
Directors F. E. Nipher,

Otto Widmann.

Mr. John H. Powrie of Chicago gave an illustrated talk on
the " Florence Heliochromic Plate," being a description of
the methods employed in the Powrie-Warner process of prac-
tical color photography. The illustrations were colored slides
of portraits, landscapes and flower studies, many of the por-
traits having the appearance of water colors and the flowers
showing great detail. Mr. Powrie gave a brief outline of the
history of color photography and a scientific explanation of
how the plates are colored.

Eeports of Officers for the Year 1905.

The President addressed the Academy as follows : —

Gentlemen: The St. Louis Acidemy of Science is again older by a year,
in which as in former ones it and its officers have ever been mindful of the
high aims as expressed in its constitution, namely, the advancement of
science and th3 establishmunt of a museum and library for the illustration
and study of its various branches.

This is proven not only by the high order of the papers read at the regular
meetings, but also by our published Transactions, which are the lasting
evidence of the Academy's work.

Record. xli

Since, through the munificence of Mrs. Eliza McMillan and her son, Mr.
W. N. McMillan, the Academy has been put into possession of a home of
its own, we have been enabled to unpack a large part of our collection and
to display a large number of specimens in an attractive and useful manner
in the museum on the third floor. No pain has been spared during the past
year by our curators in getting this museum into a presentable condition,
at least, as far as our means would permit. The lack of funds and con-
sequently the inability of getting more suitable cases must be blamed for
the fact that by far not all of the specimens in our possession have as yet
been unpacked and displayed. Yet, thanks to our curators, enough has been
done during this year that we can point with some pride to our museum
and the public at large is beginning to know of its existence and to show an
interest in it.

It will be to our advantage not only to keep this interest alive but also to
stimulate it constantly and to draw the attention of the public to the
museum, since, more than our scientific labors, it is apt to do missionary
work for the Academy. Every one of us, furthermore, when chance offers,
shauld make an effort to increase the size and usefulness of the museum, a
fact which was many a time lost sight of in former years when we had no
room and the collections were stored away out of sight and in consequence
valueless.

We have received a number of valuable donations to the museum during
the past year which the curators' report will probably specify to you.

The library, which through our exchanges grows continually, has also re-
ceived a number of valuable gifts, with which the Librarian's report will
make you acquainted.

The lectures at the regular meetings have of late years frequently been of
a more popular character, notably in 1904, and in consequence a larger
attendance was noted. It is probably due to the fact that during last year
fewer popular lectures were delivered that the attendance has dropped from
510 to 404. The largest attendance, 70, was noted on June 5th, the small-
est, 12, on April 3rd. The average attendance, which in 1904 was 32, was
but 27 in 1905. Since a great many of our members are not personally
engaged in scientific work, but take enough interest in it to help the
Academy along with their yearly contribution, it seems to be but just that
we give a certain number of meetings over to considerations on a broader
scale and of a more popular character, which this large number of our
members may enjoy and by which they may be attracted to our meetings.

Death has caused the Academy a heavy loss during the last year, not alone
in numbers but especially in the character of the deceased, most of whom
were members of long standing and of great value to the Academy. Their
names were Edwin Harrison, a patron and former President; Emil Pree-
torius, Chas. Parsons, Wm. H. Pulsifer and Chas. V. F. Ludwig. In-
cluding these losses by death, the Academy has lost sixteen members during
last year, but gained six new members. Our total membership now is 386,
including patrons, honorary, non-resident and corresponding members, a
loss of ten since last year.

Since, aside from all other considerations, the loss of a member means a
smaller income to the Academy, we cannot too much urge upon our mem-
bers to exert their infiuence, not alone to fill this gap as quickly as pos-

xlii Trans. Acad. Sci. of St. Louis.

sible, but to keep on each as a committee of one aud make every effort in
their power to get more and more members. With all dae economy the
expenses of the Academy's household are still such that an increased mem-
bership is a necessity. A home of our own has not diminished but increased
our expenses. By the renting of available rooms last year's income has
been materially added to. Yet, the Academy should at not too far a date
be enabled to build fire-procf rooms for the museum and library, and it
should furthermore be placed iu a position to give financial aid to inves-
tigators of special subjects. As we have thus far so signally failed in
finding other donors, as disinterested as those to whom we owe this house,
an increased membership is almost imperative.

In a few monihs it will be fifty years since the Academy was organized.
As you know it is the intention to celebrate this anniversary in a dignified
and appropriate manner. It is to be hoped that mrst, if not all, the mem-
bers of the Academy will show their interest in this institution by taking
part in this celebration.

In conclusion I wish to thank the other officers of the Academy, who,
like all their predecessors, have managed its affairs with zeal and unselfish
devotion, and, also, to assure you of my appreciation of the high honor
you conferred on a rattitr unworthy member when you elected me your
president. I hope you will forgive my shortcomings.

The Treasurer presented his report for the year 1905,
showing the following;: recapitulation of accounts : —

RECEIPTS.

To Balance Jan. 1, 1905 $L381 33

Dues from members 1,296 00

Rents 925 00

Interest from capital invested 180 61

Incidentals 1 75

iMortgage • 3,500 GO

Certiflcaie of deposit 1,030 22

$8,314 91

EXPKNDITURES.

By Printing Transactions $ 428 68

General printing 117 85

Librarian's expenses 386 91

Improvements 175 43

Salaries 1,080 00

Sundry expent^es 356 52

Deposit in bank 1,000 GO

Investment 4,530 22

Balance 239 30

$8,314 91

Record. xliii

The Librarian made the following report : —
I have the honor to submit herewith my annual report on
the Academy Library for the year 1905.

During the year just closed the Academy received : —

f books 248

° \ pamphlets 1672

„ J f books 103

Bv donations „ , , „,„

I Pamphlets 212

Total increase 351 volumes and 1884 pamphlets.
Publications were received from

Domestic Societies 90

Foreign Societies 239

329

The Transactions of the Academy for the year were sent to

Domestic Societies 163

Foreign Societies 417

£80

Societies added to the exchange list during the year

Domestic 1

Foreign 2

— 3

During the year the following donations to the Library
were received : —

Dr. A. Alt. An edition de luxe of Dr. S. A. Binion's
magnificent work on '♦ Ancient Egypt of Mizrain," in four
parts.

Dr. Enno Sander. Medical pamphlets and journals.

Mr. H. A. Wheeler. 79 books and 110 pamphlets, mostly
on geology and mineralogy.

39 volumes were bound at a cost of $26.80.

RECEIPTS AND EXPENDITURES OF THE MUSEUM AND LIBRARY.

General Expenses.

Telephone $49 90

Car fare 5 85

House expenses 22 95

Office expenses 12 80

Lecture expenses 3 75

$95 25

xliv Trans. Acad. Sci. of St. Louis.

Library Expenses.

Stamps $99 84

Express charges 45

Boxes for shipping 1 25

Freight charges 8 90

Hauling 2 00

Wrapping paper 2 50

Binding 26 80

$141 74

Museum Expenses.

Chloroform • $ 0 05

Express charges 4 GO

Shelves 1 65

Carpenter 9 60

Removing to third floor 5 '25

Paper trays 5 00

Show cases 5 00

Calico for covers 1 38

Glass in case 1 50

Inspecting electric lights ^ I 00

20 incandescent lights 5 00

$39 43 $276 42

Beceipts.

Cash received from Treasurer $249 41

Cash by sale of Transactions $20 37 269 78

Balance due $6 24

The Curators reported as follows : —

The Curators herewith beg to present their annual report for the year
1905.

During the year the progress toward re-establishing the museum of the
Academy has been most gratifying. During the vacation the Curators had
the museum moved from the small room on the first to the large hall on the
third floor of the Academy Building and the collections arranged as far as
possible.

The collection of Mound-builder pottery and crania from the south-
eastern part of Missouri, the butterfly collection, the collection of woods,
the meteorites and a large portion of the shell and mineral collections have
been placed in cases and labeleil. The Yandell Collection, the Mastodon
remains, the Indian relics, some shells and many minerals have been placed
In drawers but not arranged and labeled for want of cases.

Many valuable specimens saved from the flre have been labeled and placed
on exhibition. Among thein may be meutione.i the burnt brick from the

Record. xlv

ruins of Nineveh described in the first volume of the Transactions, a fine
specimen of Bootherium cavifrons, a species of extinct ox, found in the old
Chouteau Pond, many fossils from Hayden's Survey of the Territories, a
fine Indian cover and two buffalo skulls, brougjht from the upper Missouri
by Mr. Chas. P. Chouteau in the early days of the fur trade expeditions, and
some fine slabs of Melonites from the quarries of St. Louis.

During the year the following donations were received: —

Mrs. Samuel M. Fields : — A specimen of cinnabar from southern Texas.

Dr. and Mrs. Chas. H. Guudelach: — Specimens of rich silver ore from
San Bernardino County, California.

Mr. Julius Hurter: — A collection of Molluscs, containing 216 species,
represented by 776 specimens; a Gorgonia, a small shark and a shark's jaw
from Nassau, Bahama Islands; a large shell of Tridacna gigas from Min-
danao, Philippine Islands.

Mr. Henry A. Huston: — A collection of the raw materials from which
the products of the Stassfurt Industry are derived — Carnallit, Silvin,
Astrakanit, Boracit, Salzthon, Kainit, Hartsalz, Steinsalz, Schoenit and
Sylvinit.

Mrs. J. B. Johnson : — A portrait of her late husband, Dr. J. B. Johnson,
who died October 6, 1903, and who had been a member of the Academy for
many years and its President in 1871.

Mr. Frank Schwarz: — A case containing 53 beetles mounted.

Mr. Geo. A. Winzer:— An Indian pipe, used by Chief Red Cloud and
presented by him to the donor's father in the early seventies.

The general condition of the museum has improved materially since the
last report, though very much is still to be done in arranging and labeling
before the museum can be said to be in shape. A good part of the work
cannot be done until we have more cases at our disposal for rearranging
some of the collections and placing others, which are now packed, on exhib-
ition.

\^'A

Transactions of The Academy of Science of St. Louis.

VOL,. XV. No. 1.

OUR PRESENT KNOWLEDGE OF ANCIENT
PLANTS.

L. WITTMACK.

Issued February 25 ^ 1905.

OUR PRESENT KNOWLEDGE OF ANCIENT PLANTS.*
Prof. Dr. L. Wittmack, Berlin, Germany.

The original text of my lecture is: " Our present knowl-
edge of prehistoric seeds," but you will allow me to enlarge
the theme a little and to speak not only on the prehistoric
seeds but on ancient plants in general.

The first question is what sources and what authorities have
we for our knowledge of the ancient plants and seeds?

First, we have the ancient literature, especially the Greek
and Roman ; but it is often very difficult to say what meaning
these authors intended to convey by certain words, for in-
stance the word olyra (^oXupa^ which is rather a word for
cereals in general.

We have, further, the wall-paintings in the Egyptian tem-
ples and the city of Pompeii, near Naples; also the paintings
in the temples of other countries such as Mexico.

Third, we have the sculptural and architectural works
which often have attributes taken from the vegetable king-
dom; for instance, the sheaves in the hands of Ceres, the
olive and the myrtle in the hands of Minerva, or the corn-
cobs fashioned in marble, and other stones in the American
and Peruvian temples.

For the middle ages we have a work of Charlemagne, 800
A. D., entitled, " Capitulare de villis imperialibus." In this
he gives instructions to his administrators as to which plants
should be orrown in the gardens of his residences called the
Pfalzes (singular Pfalz). Recently a study has been made
by a German, Dr. Konrad Plath, concerning these Pfalzes.
He has discovered that there were numerous residences of
that kind extending from the east of France to Hungary, for
all that country belonged to the Empire of Charlemagne.

* Lecture delivered before The Academy of Science of St. Louis, May 2,
1904.

(1)

2 Trans. Acad. Sci. of St. Louis.

They were usually so situated that the Emperor could leave
one " Pfalz " in the morning and pass the night in the next.
Charlemagne in his "Capitulare" commands: "It is our
wish that the gardens contain all herbs, i. e., lilies and roses,
etc." He names many other flowers and vegetables, but he
also demands several plants which cannot thrive in Germany,
and can only be raised in southern Europe. How did this
come about? It is simply because the person (probably a
friar) to whom Charlemagne had delegated the compilation
of the list of plants, had taken the names from the ancient
authors Theophrast and Dioscorides, for it is a remarkable
fact that for nearly a thousand years the works of these two
Greek authors remained the authorities concerning the entire
knowledge of plants. Even six hundred years after Charle-
magne's reign all botanists in middle Europe assumed that
the plants which Theophrast and Dioscorides * had mentioned
were also indigenous to central and northern Europe. They
had no conception of the geographical distribution of plants.
It was the German botanist Fuchs, in whose honor the
Fuchsias are named, who first showed that the plants in
Germany are not always the same as in Greece or Italy.

For the JVew World we have especially the letters of the
first conquerors and some later publications concerning the
natural history of Peru, and America in general. Examples
are furnished in the works of Acosta, Garcilasso de la Vega
and others which I have studied in the original Spanish text.
For North America there are also the reports of the first
discoverers and of later travelers, and in our times the in-
teresting studies of the languages of the Indians. f

But all the literary or pictorial sources are not as important,
not as reliable as the seeds and other vegetable relics which
are found in the sepulchres of the Ancients or in their temples
or in the excavated cities of Pompeii, etc.

* Asa Gray and Hammond Trumbull, Review of Alph. de Candolle's
" Origine des plantes cultiv^es," with annotations upon certain American
species. Amer. Journ. Sci., vol XXV, 1883.

t John W. Harshberger, The Uses of Plants among the Ancient Peru-
vians. Bull. Mus. Sci. and Arts, Univ. Pa., vol. I, no. 3, 1898.

WittmacJc — Our Present Knowledge of Ancient Plants. 3

We have now a large number of such prehistoric relics from
Egypt, Western Asia, especially from Troy and Anatolia,
from different places in Greece and Italy. We have further
prehistoric seeds from the tombs of the ancient tribes of
nearly the whole of Europe.

In America we have the mounds of the Indians in Ohio, and
about St. Louis, the burial places of the Apache, the cliff-
dwellers and other Indian tribes in the southwestern border
states. Above all, America is rich in the sepulchres of the
ancient Peruvians, the Incas and their subjects.

In Switzerland as well as in Northern Italy and other
regions have been uncovered the so-called Lake-Settle-
ments or wooden pile buildings (" Pfahlbauten " in German),
similar to those still existing in Borneo and the South Sea. In
these settlements the inhabitants lived in houses raised on piles^
driven into the lakes, near the shore, lest the enemy surprise
them unaware. All waste products were thrown into the
lake and thus produced a valuable source of modern study.

It is nearly the same in the inland of Denmark where the
so-called " Kjokkenmodding " (kitchen refuse) are found.
These are heaps of refuse. Sirhilar piles of such refuse are
also to be encountered in Brazil. The archaeologists search
through these waste products like a rag-man pickino- our
modern rubbish, and they reach many valuable results reo-ard-
ing the history of the ancient peoples.

Leading now directly into my theme, I must first remark
that we possess to date no vegetable relics of India and
Eastern Asia, although it would be of the greatest interest if
such were to be obtained.

The oldest source is Egypt with its pyramids and temples..
What has been discovered there? Chiefly wheat and barley.
You probably are aware of the story that the wheat
grains are said to have germinated. What truth is there ini
this? None whatever. If you plant such Egyptian grains-
of wheat or subject them to germinating conditions they will-
sooner or later dissolve like clay in water but never germinate.
And yet, such is the report published in an earnest botanical,
journal, the " Flora " of 1835, p. 3, which report was made

4 Trans. Acad. Sci. of St. Louis.

at the meeting of the Society of German Naturalists and
Physicians held at Stuttgart in 1834. There the Count of
Sternberg showed ears of two wheat plants which he stated had
been grown from some ancient grains obtained from Egypt.
All botanists admired this display and those who were versed
in agricultural botany found that it completely resembled a
modern variety termed " Talavera wheat." Talavera is a
town in Spain. During Napoleon's invasion of Spain the
fine beardless white wheat of that region was transported to
France and thence to Germany.

Why did it resemble this particular variety of modern
wheat? Nobody asked that question at that time, and hith-
erto no one in botanical literature has declared Sternberg's
wheat story to be false ; but the men who assisted at that
meeting learned how it happened. The gardener of Count
Sternberg, seeing that the grains did not germinate, put
some fresh wheat grains in the pot to provide a pleasure for
his master. This makes it clear why the wheat of the
Ancients a la Sternberg resembled the Talavera wheat. I
obtained this interesting information from my old instructor,
the famous Professor Alexander Braun, who as a young man
assisted at the Stuttgart meeting.

I will add that Prof. Gain* in Nancy has shown some years
ao-o that in all ancient seeds the embryo is detached from the
mealy part of the grain, and that it is chemically and anatom-
ically altered and therefore cannot receive nurture. I had
previously demonstrated! that corn obtained from the Peru-
vian sepulchres could not germinate because the embryo is
quite brown. In fresh grains of cereals, especially in barley,
the embryo contains a nearly liquid fat. In grains which are
one or more years old the fat is coagulated. This affords a
o-ood means for distinguishing fresh barley from old, if one
-cannot make a test by germination.

What species of wheat were cultivated in ancient Egypt?

* Edmond Gain, Sur les embryons du bl^ et de I'orge pharaoniques.
Comptes-rendus 11 Juin, 1900, — Sur le vieillissement de I'embryon des
Gramin^es. Comptes rendus 23 Dec, 1901.

t Reiss u. Stiibel, Das Totenfeld von Ancon. Text to PI. 105-107.

Wittmack — Our Present Knowledge of Ancient Plants. 5

The grains which were first noticed seem all to have been
common wheat, Triticimi vuJgare. But about ten years ago
Prof. Schweinfurth and last year the German Oriental
Society found another species, which is called " Emmer " in
German,] Triticum dicoccum (syn. TriL amyUum). This
wheat has, like Spelt, Triticum Spelia and single-corn,
Tr. monococcum, the peculiarity that the ear breaks into
pieces when it is thrashed and the grains remain covered by
their husks.

This character, that the axis of the ear or panicle is brittle
in the ripe state, we find in all wild grains. Therefore we
must assume that the so-called Speltwheats are the primitive
species of the genus wheat.

Of barley, there has been found mostly the so-called small,
barley, which has 6 rows in the ear instead of 2 as the large
barley. Grains of naked barley are also found and these
resemble common wheat. They have sometimes been taken
for wheat, but they have 3 rows of albuminoid cells under
the shell, which is a characteristic of barley. Wheat, rye,
corn, etc., have but one.

The barley served for making beer. Strange to say brew-
ing is not the invention of the Germans but of the Pharaohs.
It also served for bread making, and as such for that bread
enclosed in the caskets with the dead. Prof. Schweinfurth
is of the opinion that even in later times when the Egyptians
ate the fine wheat bread, they followed the old custom of
placing coarse barley bread in the sarcophagi of their
mummies .

Such bread was placed at my disposal for investigation.*
It was about 4500 years old and did not at all look like
bread. It had had the form of a little cone, but had fallen to
pieces.

The color was quite black, resembling asphalt. But when.
I subjected small portions to microscopic investigation and
added ammonia, it turned lighter in color and I could see the
epidermis-cells of the husk of the barley, which are so char-

* Wittmack in Sitzungs-Berichte dor Gesellschaft naturforscbendejr
Freunde, Berlin, 1896, p. 70 with figures. Compare errata, p. 105.

"6 Trans. Acad. Sci. of St. Louis.

acteristically undulated along the margins. When I washed
out the ammonia with water, and added iodine, I found to my
greatest surprise that the crumbs turned blue just as is the
case with modern starch. When I noted this I exclaimed:
Well, indeed, then does starch deserve its name, meaning
strength, and most wonderfully has it retained that property
for more than 4000 years.

Besides these cereals there were also found lentils, dates,
Acacia seeds, the fruits of the Doum-palm, Hyphaene
thebaica, etc.

About 1860 the Austrian botanist. Prof. Unger, conceived
the brilliant idea of examining the unburnt bricks mixed with
hashed straw of ancient Egyptian buildings. He dissolved
them in water and by that means found many barley, wheat
and small seeds as well as straw, etc.* The best brief ac-
count of Egyptian vegetable relics was given by Alex. Braun
in a lecture before the Berlin Anthropological Society, pub-
lished b}^ hi^j pupils, Ascherson and Magnus, in"/' Zeitschrift
fiir Ethnologie, Berlin," IX (1877), p. 289.

In our day Schweinfurthf has published new researches
and has collected quite a number of new specimens other than
grain, especially vegetable ornaments of the mummies. Often
a wreath is found hung round the neck or lying on the
breast of the mummy. This wreath is made in a peculiar
manner. A strip of a palm leaf was taken and the single
leaves of flowers, especially of the blue water lily, were strung
on this strip so that the leaves hung down like the individual
parts of many modern necklaces.

I may add that subsequently the ancient Egyptians did not
take real bread for their mummies, but made the bread of
burnt clay or marble. We find also epitaphs in marble on
which different forms of bread are represented, also fruits, a
roasted goose, etc. They must therefore have arrived at the
conception that this was only a symbol.

* Unger in Sitzungsberichte der Akadetnie der Wissenschaften in Wien,
Math.-Naturw. CI., bd. 45, abth. II, p. 75; bd. 54, abth. I, p. 33.

t Schweinfurth, Pflanzenreste aus alt-aegyptischen Griibern. Berichte
der deutschen botanischen Gesellschaft, Berlin, 1884, p. 357.

Wittmack — Our Present Knowledge of Ancient Flaiits. 7

In Egypt, of course, there have also been found lentils but
very rarely broad-beans, Vicia Faba.

The priests were not allowed to use them as they were con-
sidered impure. Others claimed that the black spot on the
flower of the Vicia Faba signified death, and that, therefore,
the priests should not eat them. The most extensive book
on ancient Egyptian plants is that of Franz Woenig, " Die
Pflanzen im alten Aegypten," Leipzig, 1886, and for ancient
plants in general, that of Dr. Buschan, " Vorgeschichtliche
Flora."

In Asia Minor the finds have been specially wheat, barley,
peas and similar leguminous seed. In Troy Prof. Virchow,
when he was there with his friend Schliemaun, — who lived a
long time in that country where he gained a fortune which
he nobly used in search of ancient cities, — saw to his sur-
prise that outside of one of the walls small grains of carbon-
ized wheat lay in great quantities upon the ground, covering
the soil a hand's breadth high. This wheat was extremely
small and flat; it has been determined by Prof. Koernicke
as Triticum monococciwi. The leguminous seeds which I
received from Troy were small broad- beans, Vicia Faba,
peas and a kindred species, Ervum Ervilia.

In Greece there are not many places where ancient seeds
are found. Schliemann collected some at Herakleia, which I
had to determine. They proved to be grape-seeds. The day
before I departed for this country, I received seeds from
Orchomenos, — wheat and broad-beans.

I come now to Pompeii. In April, 1903, I studied the
seeds found at Pompeii.* Most of them are in the National
Museum at Naples, and some in the small, but exceedingly
interesting, museum at Pompeii itself.

As you know, Pompeii was destroyed by an eruption of
Mount Vesuvius in 79 A. D., together with Herculaneum,
Stabiae and some other small localities. It was covered with
ashes and disappeared. In the year 1748 a peasant plough-
ing his field found some statues and bronzes, which attracted

* I published my researches in Engler's Bot. Jahrbiichern, xxxiii, 1903,
Beiblatt No. 73, p. 38. Additions in Gartenflora, 1904, p. 144.

8 Trans. Acad. Sci. of St. Louis.

the attention of King Charles III of Naples. He ordered
excavations to be made, similar to those which had already
been made in Herculaneum, and since that time those mar-
velous statues, bronzes, and beautiful wall-paintings have been
collected, and now form the great attraction of the National
Museum at Naples.*

Besides the large statues there are thousands of small
household articles such as vases, lamps, mirrors in bronze,
and others. A new era in art, especially of art in con-
nection with industry, began, and the most common things
of daily life were refined in their forms, in taking the
Pompeiian ones as models.

Many seeds and fruits all in a charred state were also found.
However, the plants in the wall-paintings drew more atten-
tion, and in 1851 the Danish botanist and plant geographer,
Schouw, published a popular article concerning them, also
including some of the seeds. In his book, "Die Erde, die
PflanzeundderMensch," Leipzig, 1851, German edition by H.
Zeise, Schouw enumerates the following plants from the wall-
paintings: Pine-nuts, cypress, Pinus halepensis, oleander,
ivy, date-palm, dwarf -palm ( (7/mm«erop6' humilis) , hnvley ,
millet, asparagus, onions, radishes, turnips (rapes), figs,
pears, apples, cherries, almonds, plums, peaches, granates,
medlars.

Of the seeds found in the excavations, Schouw names sweet
pine-kernels, wheat, barley, broad-beans ( Vicia Faba) and a
glass with preserved olives, which he relates had retained
their flavor when they were dug out. I have seen perhaps
the same olives, which are now in glass tubes, preserved, I
believe, in oil.

But Schouw points out that there are many plants lacking,
which now form the typical character of the Flora of Italy.
Such are, besides the white mulberry, Morus alba, now used
as food for the silkworm, all species of the genus Citrus, the
lemons, the grape-fruits, the citron, a thick shelled lemon,

* There is now also a fine representation of an ancient room from
Bosco Reale, near Pompeii, in the Metropolitan Museum of Arts and Science
in New York.

Wittmack — Oxer Present Knowledge of Ancient Plants. 9

and the bitter and the sweet oranges. Schouw concludes, in
the words of Goethe: "Italy was at that time not yet the
land where the lemons blossom and in the dark groves the
golden oranges glow." (" Das Land, wo die Citronen bliihn,
ira dunklen Laub die Goldorangen gliihn.")

We cannot imagine Italy without these trees, nor without
corn, tomatoes, agaves and Indian figs [Ojmntia), the two
latter now forming the hedges along the railroads. All these
plants were introduced recently, relatively speaking. The
Cedrat {Citrus medica) perhaps 300 A. D., but according to
Victor Helm some hundred years earlier. Pliny, who lived
about the year 79 A. D., says that they had in vain tried to
introduce the Median apple, which is probably this Citrus
medica. The lemons and the bitter oranges were introduced
probably by the Moors in the middle ages and the sweet
oranges by the Portuguese after they had discovered China
(about the year 1550). Therefore the sweet oranges are
sometimes called in Naples " Portogalli," and in Germany
" Apfelsinen " which means Chinese apples. The corn, the
tomatoes, agaves, and Indian figs were introduced from
America.

But you will ask: " What about the golden apples of the
Hesperides?" Victor Helm in his famous book " Kultur-
pflanzen und Haustiere " says that their existence is but a fable.
I hesitate to voice a conclusion so decisive. They may have
been simply real yellow apples or perhaps yellow quinces, as
one variety of the quince was called golden quince by the
Ancients, who made no strong differentiation between quinces
and apples.

After Schouw nearly thirty years elapsed until a new
essay on the plants of Pompeii appeared. This was a scien-
tific treatise on the plants of the wall-paintings by Prof.
Comes, who is still Professor of Botany at the Agricultural
High School at Portici, near Naples, and the best connoisseur
of the varieties of the tobacco-plant. It is published in the
great work issued in commemoration of the 1800th anniver-
sary of the destruction of Pompeii, entitled " Pompeii e lare-
gione sotterrata del Vesuvio nell anno LXXIX," Napoli, 1879.

10 Trans. Acad. Sci. of St. Louis.

It is also sold separately under the title: " O. Comes Illus-
trazione delle piante rappresentate nei Dipinti Pompeiani."
Besides those plants which Schouw mentioned, Comes
enumerates about 30 others, as is shown in the following
list : Acacia vera, Acanthus mollis, Agai-icus deliciosus, Agro-
siemma Githago, Aloe vulgaris, Althaea rosea, Arundo
Pliniana, Aster Aurellus, Castanea vesca. Chrysanthemum
segetum, Cucumis Melo, Cucurbita Lagenaria, Cucur-
hita Pepo, Cyperus Papyrus, Gladiolus segetum, Iris
Jlorentina, Iris germanica, Iris Pseudocorus, Laurus
nobilis, Morus nigra, Myrtus communis. Narcissus poeticus.
Narcissus Pseudo-Narcissus, Papaver Rhoeas, Platanus
orientaUs, Pyrus Cydonia, Quercus robur, Bosa damascena,
Ruscus hypophylliLm, Sorghum vulgare, Tamarindus indica.

Altogether Comes names 50 species and 20 doubtful ones,
as many plants of the painting cannot be identified because
they are often idealized. We must not expect that all plants
which are represented in the paintings grew in Pompeii, for
often scenes of other countries, especially of the Nile, were
represented.

Whilst Comes paid most attention to the painted plants, I,
on the contrary, studied especially the excavated seeds and
fruits. I found the following : —

I. CEREALS.

Wheat, in grain and coarsely ground, barley in the same
conditions, millet.

II. LEGUMINOUS PLANTS.

Broad-beans (Vicia Faba), lentils, peas, and perhaps
Lupins or Lathyrus.

III. OTHER SEEDS.

Rape seeds, grape-seeds and perhaps coriander (or hemp-
seed), and one peach-stone.

Wittmack — Our Present Knowledge of Ancient Plants. 11

IV. FRUITS.

Figs, olives, almonds, dates, chestnuts, walnuts, hazel-
nuts, and some preserved fruits, which, perhaps, are cherries
and grapes.

V. ROOTS,

Onions and leek.

Nearly all these objects are carbonized and black, only the
millet is grayish-yellow. The single peach-stone is also not
carbonized, it looks nearly like a fresh peach-stone and per-
haps is an accidental find. I may say that almonds and
peaches were introduced into Italy scarcely 100 years before
Christ.

As to the Cereals, Pompeiian barley does not offer much in-
terest. It appears to be like the Egyptian, the small barley,
Hordeum hexastichum or tetrasiichum (^H. vulgare). The
wheat is the common wheat, Triticum vulgare, at least, I could
not find with certainty the hardy wheat, Triticum durum,
which is now so often cultivated in Southern Italy because it
gives the best Macaroni and Spaghetti. Did the ancient
Romans eat Macaroni and Spaghetti? Probably not. At
least. Prof. Richard Engelmann, a famous archaeologist of
Berlin, told me that not a word is mentioned in any of the
ancient scriptures about them. The Ancients had only
Polenta, a kind of grits (like our oatmeal) which they made
of wheat or barley.

Although there was in ancient Italy a great division of
labor in other professions, it was not so with milling and
baking. The baker ground the grain himself and so we find the
mills together with the ovens. The mills have a very peculiar
shape. They look like an hour-glass of stone. The upper
part of the hour-glass forms the funnel (or millhopper), the
lower part rests on a conical projection of the bottom stone.
By revolving the hour-glass around the cone the grain is
ground. There are also other simple mills consisting only of
a hollowed stone in which the grain is coarsely ground with
another smaller stone or with a pestle, like in a mortar.

12 Trans. Acad. Sci. of St. Louis.

These were probably used by families to make grits or
polenta. Strange to say this polenta is now made of Indian
corn (maize), which was introduced subsequently from
America.

In one oven there were found many loaves of bread. The
bread is all quite black, carbonized. The loaves have the
form of a sailor-cap with radial furrows on the upper crust.
One small loaf in Naples and one in Pompeii show the stamp
of the baker.

Of the leguminous plants in Pompeii there are the broad-
beans, Vicia Faba, vfhich are found very often. Next follow
the lentils. The broad-beans are not as large as those now
cultivated for food in Italy, being eaten raw or roasted when
they are half ripe. The old Pompeiian beans are very small,
resembling those which are fed in Europe to the horses and
pigeons.

Perhaps the Ancients used them for the same purpose o'^
may have sown them as they do now in Italy for green fer-
tilizer on heavy soil. It is also possible that they added the
flour of these small broad-beans to the wheat flour, as they
do now in France and Southwestern Germany, when wheat
dough will not raise.

The seeds which I consider to be coriander have been taken
by others for hemp seed, but I fiud the form resembles more
the former. I should have liked to have investigated that
microscopically, but that must be done at leisure. It is very
difiicult to make sections of these brittle carbonized objects,
but I hope that the method which my assistant. Dr. Buch-
wald, and I found for examining prehistoric woods will also
apply to them. We have a very strange method. We burn
these black carbonized objects totally to white ashes. We
then throw the ashes into melted paraffin or add paraffin
directly and after this is solidified, we cut it like butter

I will not speak here about the seeds found in the lake-
settlements or in the sepulchres of the ancient tribes in Ger-
many. They are nearly always the same, — wheat, barley,
often rye, more rarely oats and millet, small broad-beans,
hazelnuts, linseed, small apples and many seeds of wild plants.

Wittmack — Our Present Knoioledge of Ancient Plants. 13

I have, however, some interesting things to say about
the seeds found in America. In North America we have
especially the Indian corn or maize found in the mounds.
It is all carbonized. The cobs of the mounds at Madisonville,
Ohio, resemble exactly the common corn, with flat grains like
the so-called Virginia corn. Besides maize, in the south-
western border states at Los Muertos, Arizona, and in the
caves of the cliff-dwellers are found common garden beans
(Phaseohis vulgaris), small ones, like the so-called pearl
beans.

Quite different articles are found in the sepulchres of the
ancient Peruvians, especially in the ancient cemetery at An-
con near Lima.* Here we also find mummies, but they are
at the most only about five hundred years old. The dry air
permitted the corpses to be preserved without being embalmed.
They are in a squatting position covered with blankets, and
resemble a bale of goods. In the interior are often found
nets with food, for the men at Ancon were poor fishermen,
no rich Incas. The women have small baskets with yarn of
lama wool and knitting needles of wood, probably that they
mio-ht be diligent in heaven. The grains are not carbonized,
having retained their structure nearly unaltered, being only
slightly browned. Many cobs of corn of various varieties are
found so well preserved that one can see the single starch
grains under the microscope. One variety with thick cobs and
naveled grains is probably the origin of the American dent-
corn. But to me the most important fact was that there
were found two kinds of beans, very large beans, which are

* L. Wittmack. Bohnen aus altperuaoischen Grabern. Verhdl., d. bot.
Ver. Neu Brandenburg, bd. XXI, Sitzungsberichte, p. 176 (1879). —"Das
Vaterland der Bohnen and der Kiirbis." Tageblatt der Naturforscher
Versammlung in Danzig, 1880, p. 176. — "Autike Samereien aus der alten
und neuen Welt in ihren Beziehungen zur Gegenwart. Nachrichten aus
dem Klub der Landwirte in Berlin, 1881, no. 115.— "Die Heimath der
Bobnen und der Kiirbisse." Berichte der deut. botan. Gesell., bd. VI,
1888, p. 374. — "Die Nutzpflanzen der alten Peruaner." Comptes rendus
du Congr^s international des Am6ricani8tes, 7 session, Berlin, 1888, p.
325.— Text to plates 105-107 of Reiss und Stiibel " Das Totenfeld von
Ancon in Peru." Berlin, 1880-1887.

14 Trans. Acad. Sci. of St. Louis.

lima beans (Phaseolus lunafiis, or P. Pallar), and our com-
mon garden beans (Phaseohis vulgaris).

At first I was quite struck to find garden beans, as it was
always thought that the garden beans, Phaseolus vulgaris, had
theii origin in the Old World. But Alphonse de CandoUe
had remarked in his Plant geography, that the garden bean
had no Sanskrit name and that the beans of the East In-
dies all belonged to other species with much smaller seeds,
as for instance, Phaseolus Mungo and Ph. radiatus. When
I received the beans through Messrs. Reiss and Stiibel
from South America, I had not yet seen the beans
from Los Muertos, Ariz., and of the cliff-dwellers whose
beans I saw at the Chicago Exposition in 1893. In study-
ing the old Spanish literature on America, I found that
the conquerors often speak of beans. Garcilasso de la Vega*
says of the Peruvians : ' ' They have also three or four kinds
of Frisoles, like our broad-beans but smaller " (the Spanish
broad-beans, Vicia Faha, are very large). Asa Gray and
Trumbull in The American Journal of Science, vol. xxv, 1883,
say that Jacques Cartier when he discovered the St. Lawrence
found the Indians cultivating corn and beans. Lawson in
his " Voyage to Carolina," 1700-1708, pp. 76, 77, says that
the kidney beans {Phaseolus vulgaris) were found very fre-
quently in maize-fields before the Englishman came. So I,
at first timidly later positively, declared that the garden beans
had their origin in America, which the American studies of
Indian languages have confirmed.

The Ancient Greeks and Romans had the word Phaselos
or Phaseolus for bean, but I have often shown that it could
not have been our garden bean. Prof. Koernicke of Bonn
demonstrated that it was another genus, Dolichos sinensisy
the cow pea.

I also found very large seeds of pumpkins, Cucurbita
maxima, and smaller ones, Cucurbita moschata. I proved
that also the pumpkins came from America and that the
squashes of the ancients were bottle-gourds, Lagenaria vul-

p. 278

Garcilasso de la "Vega, Commentar. reales, etc., 1 ed., p. 208; 2 ed.,

8.

Wittmack — Our Present Knowledge of Ancient Plants. 15

garis. Prof. Fischer Benzon of Kiel has confirmed this, in
proving that Pliny insisted that the shell was thick and the
hollowed fruits served as jars for wine.

Of the other plants at Ancon I will only mention the pea-
nut, which hails from eastern and western South America,
although it is now so widely cultivated in Africa and even in
China, that one might easily imagine it indigenous to those
countries.

It is the same with the Manioc, Manihot utilissi7na, or
Tapioca, which is also so widely cultivated in Africa, even in
inner Africa, that one might think its home was there. The
roots have been found in Ancon and nobody now doubts that
they came from America.

Potatoes have not with certainty been found in Ancon, but
sweet potatoes, Convolvulus Batatas, and small tubers have
been found. Oxalis and cotton were found, but no tobacco
or tomatoes. But these are surely American citizens as we
all know.

America has furnished to the world tobacco, several species
of cotton, potatoes, sweet potatoes, tomatoes, corn, lima
beans, garden beans and peanuts. Forsooth, we in Europe
have to be most thankful for all these precious gifts.

Issxied February 23, 1905.

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Transactions of The Academy of Science of St. Louis.

VOI^. XV. No. 2.

A EEVISION OF THE AMERICAN PAEDERINL

THOS. L. CASEY.

Issued April 4, 1905.

A EE VISION OF THE AMERICAN PAEDERINI.*
By Thos. L. Casey.

The following revision has been long in contemplation, but
it is only recently that the author has felt warranted in begin-
ning the study of so great a multitude of species, most inter-
esting and instructive though tliey are in their varied struc-
tural characters. They indeed form a taxonomic problem
hardly less fascinating, though rather less difficult, than that
afforded by the still more numerous Aleocharini, the latter
being even more diversified in structure and more involved in
their relationships with the other tribes of Staphylinidae. But
few of our described species are not included in the material
serving as the basis of this revision and it is hoped that the
relationships of the various genera and species are given with
sufficient clearness to enable the student to identify and
arrange his material, with a view to the gradual evolution of
a more complete and cosmopolitan comparative morphology
of the tribe. With this end in view all genera, native and
foreign, of which it was possible to procure examples, have
been included in the tables, but the only species considered, ex-
cepting typical representatives of hitherto undescribed foreign
genera, are those which occur in North America above the
northern boundary of Mexico.

St. Louis, Mo., Sept., 190i.

PAEDERINI,

The Paederini include all those Staphylinidae, with large
anterior coxae, having the fourth joint of the maxillary palpi
small and either aciculate, conical or specially modified in
structure and the antennae remotely separated and inserted at

* Presented by title before The Academy of Science of St. Louis, Feb-
ruary 6, 1905.

(17)

18 Trans. Acad. Sci. of St. Louis.

the extreme sides of the front under a more or less prominent
supra-antennal ridge or tumidity. The Aleocharini, Stenini,
Euaesthetini and some Xantholinini have the fourth palpal
joint small and aciculate, but the antennae are placed more upon
the upper surface of the front, in smaller and more exposed
foveae and are less widely separated at base, being notably ap-
proximate in the Xantholinini. The Pinophilini, having the
antennae inserted as in Paederini, have the fourth joint of the
maxillary palpi large and very obliquely securiform ; they are
therefore not closely related to the Paederini and their refer-
ence to that tribe as a subtribal group in the European cata-
logue of Hey den, Reitter and Weise is not justified in any way.
The general form of the body in this tribe is more or less
parallel and moderately to feebly convex ; in size they vary from
very minute to that of a moderately large Staphylinus. The
integuments are moderately dense, generally rather sparsely
sculptured and with inconspicuous vestiture, except in a few
cases, such as the Lithochares and in Pseudomedon, where the
sculpture and short vestiture become very dense and the
surface lustreless. The head is well developed as a rule,
but the neck varies greatly in width, more so in fact than in
most of the other Staphylinid tribes and forms a valuable
taxonomic criterion, as is also the case with the labrum, which is
greatly diversified in structure as may be inferred from the gen-
eric descriptions of the tables. The fourth joint of the maxil-
lary palpi, although small in size throughout, varies in struc-
ture to a remarkable degree as seen in Gastrolohium, Paederus
and Echiaster. The ligula may be bilobed, as in the Crypto-
bia and Lathrobia, fimbriate as in the Lithochares, tri dentate
as in the Scopaei or unarmed at tip. But comparatively little
variation has been noted in the mentum or labial palpi. The
gular sutures are greatly diversified and have been employed
in the definition of the genera in some of the larger subtribes,
such as the Lathrobia and Medones, though within the limits of
some others, as in the greater part of the Cryptobia, the Sunii,
Stilici and Echiasteres,they are so fixed and uniform as to be
of no use in generic classification. These sutures may be
either united, forming a single suture, or extremely widely

Casey — A Revision of the American Paederini. 19

separated and may be most approximate at base or near the
anterior part of the post-oral surface of the head, with all
intermediate modifications. When considered broadly the
gular sutures undoubtedly form very valuable and reliable
generic characters in the Paederini. Such other characters
as have been found useful in the definition of genera and
species will be mentioned under the more or less detailed
descriptions or subjoined notes.

Many of the Paederini have been found in the company of
ants of various species and it is quite possible that most of
them may be thus associated to a greater or less degree of
intimacy at some stage of their existence, but in only a very
few cases does this association assume the form of true and
life-long symbiosis, as in the case of Megastilicus for example.
A correspondent — Dr. W. M. Wheeler — recently sent me
a specimen oi Hesperohium flavicorne , with the statement that
it had been hatched from pupae found in the nests of Formica
incerta Emery. Probably in such cases the Staphylinid is an
intruder, for the subsequent life-history of the numerous
species of Cryptobia and Lathrobia does not appear to be
identified in any particular or peculiar way with that of the
ants and they have no specialized structures, as is virtually
always the case with true ant-guests.

The tribe Paederini is composed as far as known to me at
present of twelve subtribal groups, all of which occur within
the geographical limits of this revision except the two marked
by prefixed asterisks ; these subtribes are distinguishable by
the following characters : —

Prosternum abbreviated between and under the coxae, forming an acute
point which does not attain the mesosternum 2

Prosternum prolonged posteriorly in a more or less acute point which attains
the mesosternum, but not much dilated under the coxae 9

Prosternum attaining the mesoternum and also greatly dilated laterally
under the coxae as far as the inflaxed sides of the pronotum — hy-
pomera 10

2 — Antennae anteriorly flexile and strongly geniculate, the basal joint
usually very much elongated and having an anterior sinus in its apical
margin ; anterior tarsi not dilated 3

Antennae posteriorly flexile, the basal joint less elongate and with a posterior
apical sinus ; anterior tarsi variable 4

20 Trans. Acad. Sci. of St. Louis.

3 — Neck more or less broad; fourth palpal joint distinct, more or less
conical Cryptobia

Neck extremely slender as in Scopaeus; fourth palpal joint indistinct, ap-
parently obtuse and more or less pubescent *Sphaerouia

4 Ligula bilobed at tip; sculpture and vestiture never very dense; labrum

never strongly dentate at the middle 5

Ligula densely fimbriate at tip ; labrum dentate only at the middle ; sculpture
and vestiture very dense, the surface devoid of lustre 8

5 _ Fourth joint of the maxillary palpi compressed and lineate at apex and
clothed with fine pubescence 6

Fourth palpal joint conical, sometimes aciculate, always nude 7

(5 — Neck very broad; body feebly convex; hind tarsi filiform... *Dolicaoiie8

Neck narrow; body strongly convex; tarsi with the fourth joint lobed be-
neath Paederi

7 — Anterior tarsi always strongly dilated in both sexes, the posterior fili-

form and simple; body more or less parallel as In Dolicaones and mod-
erately convex as a rule Lathrobia

8 — Body more or less parallel and feebly convex; anterior tarsi vari-

able Lithochares

9 — Ligula loosely fimbriate at tip ; neck never very slender Medones

Ligula tricuspid at tip; neck variable but never very broad Scopaei

10 — Prosternum remaining far below — viewed from below — the level of

the edges of the hypomera, with a widely open space between the two
surfaces; tarsi filiform, the fourth joint simple; antennae as in Paederi;
neck very slender Stilici

Prosternum approaching very close to the edge of the hypomera in a verti-
cal sense, the opening between them narrow but evident; tarsi short
and stout, the fourth joint bilobed; antennae straight, not flexile at
the first joint, the apex of the latter not sinuate behind; neck very
slender Stilicopses

Prosternum touching or connate with the edges of the hypomera, the coxal
cavities entirely chitinous 11

11 — Fourth tarsal joint bilobed; antennae straight, not flexile at the flrst

joint, the apex of which is not sinuate behind; mentura simple; max-
illary palpi slender, the third joint elongate and fusiform, the fourth
small, obtuse and inconspicuous; neck moderately narrow; integuments

moderately dense ; species small in size Snnii

Fourth tarsal joint simple; antennae flexile, the apex of the flrst joint
sinuate posteriorly; mentum usually modified at the sides, sometimes
spinose; third joint of the maxillary palpi more or less securiform or
otherwise abnormal, the fourth very minute and indistinct; neck usually
very slender; integuments thicker and much denser; species generally
very small in size Ecliiasteres

In the following pages 89 genera are defined in the tables
of o-enera, of which 64 occur within the limits of the United
States of America and 25 are exclusively foreign; these
latter are distinguished in each case by a prefixed asterisk.

Casey — A Revision of the American Paederini. 21

It would be a source of the greatest satisfaction if typical
examples of all the American genera described by Dr. Sharp
could have been procured, not only for the purpose of ar-
ranging them in proper succession with the others, but
especially in order to avoid the possible redescription of some
of them from our southwestern regions under new and un-
necessary names, but this was found to be impracticable and
recourse was had to inferences derived from the rather too
short diagnoses and poor figures of the " Biologia." * It is
probable however that but few synonyms will be found
among the genera. It seems scarcely necessary to repeat, in
view of what I have already published (Annals N. Y. Acad.
VII, p. 353), that Liparocephalus and related genera are in
no way Paederids but belong to the Aleocharini.

Cryptobia .

The components of this extensive subtribe are the most
highly organized and actively predaceous of the Paederini
and include some of the largest species of the tribe. They
are very poorly represented in the western parts of the old
world, extremely abundant and greatly diversified in North
and South America and are moderately numerous in eastern
Asia, to which regions they probably migrated from North
America in rather remote geologic time, for at present the
Asiatic genera are all different from those of North America.
Their close relationship with the Lathrobia is shown not only
by general organization and prosternal structure, but especially
by the occurrence of a pleural fold on the elytra, the origin
and meaning of which are rather obscure. The absence or

* My failure to secure the rich and varied collection of Staphylinidae
brought home from Brazil by Mr. H. H. Smith, was one of the greatest
disappoiutments of my scientific career, for this copious material contains
examples of nearly all the tropical American genera, besides a large pro-
portion of the remarkably diversified species of those regions, as I inferred
from mounting nearly a thousand specimens forming a sample lot placed
in my hands by Mr. Smith for examination. These specimens are prob-
ably at present in the Carnegie Museum at Pittsburg v?ith the Smith
collectioD,

-22 Trans. Acad. Sci. of St. Louis.

modification of this fold in the present subtribe is accom-
panied by so many peculiarities of habitus or specialized
structure as to indicate its really important nature from a
generic standpoint, and I have therefore used it as one of the
primary criteria both here and in the Lathrobia, where it
apparently loses none of its significance. In the Cryptobia
the fold is present as a rule and its absence is the exception,
while the reverse is the case in the Lathrobia, there being
more species in the latter without than with this plication.
The anteriorly flexile antennae, with greatly elongate basal
joint, and the undilated anterior tarsi, are the only important
characters distinguishing the Cryptobia from the Lathrobia,
the large conical glabrous fourth palpal joint being common
to the two, but in the table of subtribal groups it is necessary
for convenience to separate them by a few subtribes having
the fourth joint completely different in form, being com-
pressed and finely pubescent. This difiiculty of course arises
from the practical necessities of a lineal succession in the
grouping. The genera represented by material in my cabinet
may be defined as follows : —

Gular sutures separated; maxillary palpi coarsely and very sparsely setu-
lose; pleural fold when present never united with the side margin

posteriorly 2

Gular sutures united throughout tbeir length f rona the small triangular post-
mental piece; third palpal joint finely and closely pubescent; pleural
fold gradually becoming fused with and forming part of the side margin

poster! orly 12

2 — Elytra with a pleural fold near the side margin 3

Elytra witliout trace of a pleural fold 7

a — Pleural fold entire, extending from the humeri to the outer angle of the

elytra *

Pleural fold incomplete 6

4 — Neck entirely uncoustricted on the upper and lower surface, feebly
constricted at tbe sides, very broad and but slightly narrower than the
widest part of head, the latter elongate and rather depressed, but
little narrowed before the eyes which are moderate in size and anterior
in position; two post- ocular setigerous punctures — charact'irizing
most of the genera — wholly obsolete; labrum short, edentate, feebly
.andbiobliquely truncate, with a small median sinus; lobes of the ligula
large, obtriangular, apparently connate throughout their length, mem-
branous, the basal part corneous; mentum large, trapezoidal, with more
than apical half coriaceous, unimpressed at base; gular sutures more
widely separated than usual, straight and only very slightly converging

Casey — A Revision of the American Paederini. 23

to the base, the basal part of the intermediate surface elevated above
the general level; basal joint of the antennae shorter than usual, being
scarcely one-half as long as the width of the head; prothorax slightly
broader near the base than at apex; elytra longer and wider than the
prothorax, parallel; abdomen as wide as the elytra, conically tapering
from the apex of the fourth segment; legs moderate, the tibiae strongly
spiuulose, the hind tarsi long and slender with the basal joint almost
as long as the next two combined and much longer than the fifth; in-
teguments smooth, polished and sculptureless above, except the basal
parts of the head and the abdomen, which are feebly micro-reticulate,
the head and pronotum rather finely, very sparsely puQCtate, the elytra
with widely separated even unimpressed series of extremely flue feeble
setigerous punctures. Brazil *A(lerobiam

Neck distinctly and abruptly constricted across the dorsal surface; sculp-
ture strong and distinct, the punctures simple 5

5 — Antennal joints not constricted at base, obconical, shorter and broader
toward tip; elytral suture strongly beaded. Body parallel, moder-
ately convex, moderate to large in size; head oblong, parallel, inflated
or narrowed behind the eyes which are well developed, finely faceted,
more or less prominent and anterior, the post-ocular foveolae well de-
veloped; neck broad, three-fifihs to three-fourths as wide as the head,
the basal angles of the latter only very rarely obliterated; mandibles
tridentate within, the two lower teeth on a broad common base and
equal in size, more developed on the left mandible; labrum edentate,
short, biobliquely truncate with a shallow rounded median sinus; basal
joint of the antennae relatively very moderate in length, not as long as
the next three combined; gular sutures fine, becoming very approxi-
mate behind the raiddle; lobes of the ligula rounded, coriaceous or
membranous, separate; mentum trapezoidal, large, feebly convex, coria-
ceous in apical half; prothorax rather small, oblong, always nar-
rower than the head; elytra greatly developed, always longer and wider
than the prothorax, usually elongate; abdomen seldom quite as wide as
the elytra, the sides parallel, the segments feebly impressed at base;
legs moderately long, slender, the hind tarsi elongate with the basal
joint usually distinctly shorter than the next two combined but about as
long as the fifth. Male with the subbasal ventral segments modified by
discal foveae or short transverse setose furrows, the third segment
lobed in the middle at apex, the lobe very variable. North and South
America Gastrolobinm

Antennal joints not constricted or compressed at base, the el3tral suture
sti'ongly beaded. Body parallel or anteriorly attenuate, moderately
convex; head oblong, parallel, inflated or gradually narrowed behind
the eyes, sometimes notably small, the neck broad, three- fifths to three-
fourths as wide as the head, the ba'^al angles rounded to the neck or
obliterated; mandil)les bidentate within; eyes moderately large, an-
terior, more or less prominent, the facets fine and feebly convex;
labrum short, biobliquely truncate, edentate, with a small shallow
rounded median sinus; basal joint of the antennae elongate, as long as
the next three or four combined; post-ocular setigerous punctures well
developed; gular sutures fine and feeble, narrowly separated, most ap-

24 Trans. Acad. ScL of St. Louis.

proximate well behind the middle; lobes of the ligula rounded, sepa-
rate, coriaceous, their basal parts corneous as usual; mentum large,
trapezoidal, obliquely tumid at each side, coriaceous in less than apical
half; prothorax oblong, larger than in Gastrolobium ; elytra parallel,
generally longer and wider than the prothorax ; abdomen as wide as the
elytra or nearly so; legs moderately long and slender, the tibiae not
stronaly spiculose, the hind tarsi rather long, with the basal joint much
longer than the second but not as long as the next two combined and
but little longer than the fifth. Male without modification of the sub-

basal ventrals. Temperate North Amei ica Hesperobium

Antennal joints compressed and constricted at base; elytral suture not
beaded. Body &tout, parallel, moderately convex, finely and densely
punctured; head well developed, as in Hesperobium throughout, except
that the median emargination of the labrum is larger, deeper and trian-
<^uiar in form; submembranous lobes of the ligula .shorter, more diverg-
ing and quadrate; mentum very much shorter and mo:e transverse,
unimpressed, with only the anterior margin coriaceous, the dividing line
being broadly sinuous; gular sutures, neck, prothorax and elytra simi-
lar; abdomen as wide as the elytra, parallel, the segments similarly
feebly impressed at base; legs much more elongate, moderately stout,
the basal joint of the hind tarsi as long as the next two combined and

much longer than the fitth. Southeastern Europe *Homoeotarsus

6 — Elytral suture not beaded, the surface not at all impressed along the
suture; pleural fold beginning: well behind the humeri and not extending
to the hind angles; legs moderate in length, rather stout, the tibiae
with numerous spicules among the setae; hind tarsi nearly as in Hespe-
robium; prothorax oblong, the elytra longer and wider as in the preced-
ing genera; abdomen rather narrower than the elytra, the segments not
impressed; pronotum shining, with rather coarse, circular and very
shallow punctures separated by about their own widths, each puncture
composed of a small central ring bearing a hair, the ring surrounded by
a circle of minute punctules; eljtiaduU in luster but wholly sculpture-
less finely, clo.-ely, irregularly punctured, each puncture consisting of
an asgregation of minute polished punctules; abdomen finely, not
densely punctulate, the surface micro- reticulate. Brazil.- *Eucryptina
Elytral suture strongly beaded, the surface broadly impressed along the
beading; pleural fold beginning at basal third or fourth and extending
to about apical fourth of the elytra; punctures throughout sparse,
simple and impressed, those of the elytra very coarse; head narrow and
elongate, the sides feebly, evenly arcuate and strongly converging behind
the eyes to the neck, which is less than half as wide as the head, the
basal angles obsolete; eyes normal; front not greatly reduced in width;
basal joint of the antennae very elongate; labrum rectilinearly and
transversely truncate, edentate, with a small parabolic median sinus
wider than deep; mandibles long, evenly arcuate, very slender and ex-
tremely gradually and finely aclculate toward tip, having within two
large acutely pointed teeth near the middle, the inner margin thence to
the base with a narrow membranous margin which is fimbriate with
short setae; membranous lobes of the ligula narrow, diverging, some-
what pointed; mentum short, coriaceous only along the anterior mar-

Casey — A Revision of the American Paederini. 25

gin, the corneous part strongly, circularly impressed at base; prothorax
narrowed anteriorly from near the middle, elongate, convex; proster-
num much longer than usual before the coxae; gular sutures, elytra and
abdomen nearly as in Hesperobium ; legs long and very slender, very
sparsely setulose, the basal joint of the hind tarsi as long as the next
two combined and very much longer than the fifth ; integuments through-
out highly polished. Southeastern States of America Lissobiops

7 — Labrum edentate; eyes situated near the middle of the head, the si<ies

behind them rapidly narrowed and evenly arcuate to the neck which is

relatively narrower than in Hesperobium 8

Labrum bidentate; body much smaller in size and generally very slender. 9

8 —Body large and stout, the abdomen inflated, arcuate at the sides and

wider than the elytra; head and pronotum in the type minutely sparsely
and very inconspicuously punctate, very dull and wholly lustreless be-
cause of extremely minute deep closely crowded punctules, each of
which is shiolng at the bottom; elytra polished, sculptureless, with
coarse impressed simple punctures irregularly disposed and moderately
close-set; abdomen finely, rather sparsely punctulate, rather strongly
micro- reticulate but shining; head large and greatly developed; lab-
rum short, truncate, with a very minute and abruptly formed median
notch, nearly as deep as wide and broadly rounded at the bottom, with
its sides straight and but slightly diverging; mandibles very large and
stouter than in Hesperobium, bidentate within, the inner edge thence to
the base nude and without trace of the membranous fimbria of Lis-
sobiops, the left mandible abruptly bent beyond the teeth, the right more
evenly arcuate; eyes moderate, just before the middle, the two post-
ocular setigerous foveae distinct, the surface between them elevated,
subcariuate and laterally prominent; neck stout and but little narrower
than the prothorax and only slightly more than half as wide as the head;
basal joint of the antennae much elongated, longer than the width of
the prothorax; membranous lobes of the ligula small, rounded; men-
tum moderate, coriaceous in apical half, not impressed basally, the
apical margin arcuate; maxillary palpi long and extremely slender, the
third joint six or seven times as long as wide, with perfectly rectilinear
sides; gular sutures deeply impressed, very approximate slightly behind
the middle; prothorax relatively small, oblong, parallel; prosternum
well developed before the coxae, transversely impressed posteriorly;
elytra large, parallel, wider than long ; abdominal border broad, inclined,
the segments impressed at base toward the middle, the third and
fourth with a median longitudinal carina crossing the impression; legs
long, rather slender, polished and sparsely setulose, the anterior tibiae
densely clothed with stiff fulvous hairs in apical half; posterior tarsi
long, rather stout, the basal joint almost as long as the next three
combined and very much longer than the fifth. Central and South

America * Pycnocrypta

Body moderate in size and convexity, fusiform; punctures throughout sim-
ple and small in size; head relatively small in size, the ey^s well
developed, prominent, slightly behind the middle of the length, the
frontal part of the head before them greatly reduced in width; post-
ocular foveolae small, the surface between them feebly tumid and not

26 Trans. Acad. Set. of St. Louis.

laterally prominent; neck about half as wide as the head; basaljointof
the antennae longer than in Hesperobium but relatively shorter than in
Pycnocrypta; labrum short, strongly, biobliquely truncate, with a broad
shallow rounded median sinus; mandibles slender, finely aciculate
apically, evenly and equally arcuate, tridentate within, the outer tooth
longer and more aciculate than the other two which are equal; mem-
branous lobes of the ligula rather pointed; meotum large, trapezoidal,
coriaceous in apical third, the dividing line transverse and rectilinear;
palpi as in Hesperobium, the gular sutures rather less approximate but
similar in form; prothorax moderate, somewhat narrowed apically, the
prosternum long, well developed and unimpressed before the coxae;
elytra longer and wider than the prothorax, very feebly impressed along
the suture which is scarcely at all beaded; abdomen rather narrower
than the elytra, uniaflated, the segments not much impressed at base;
legs rather long and very slender; hind tarsi with the basal joint as
long as the next two. Southeastern States of America Biocrypta

9 _ Neck mure than half as wide as the head ; eyes submedian in position. 10

Neck much narrower, distinctly less than half as wide as the head; eyes an-
terior in position 11

10— Body subparallel, moderately slender and convex, strongly and simply
punctate, the integuments shining, feebly micro-reticulate, the elytra
not minutely sculptured; head moderately developed, the eyes at or
slightly behind the middle, the sides parallel behind them to the broadly
rounded basal angles; base broadly arcuate-truncate; post-ocular foveo-
lae apparently wanting ; neck fully three-fifths as wide as the head ; frontal
parts before the eyes conspicuously narrower; labrum transversely,
rectilinearly truncate, with a small rounded emargination between the
teeth; basal joint of the antennae moderate, as long as three-fourths
the width of the head, the last joint short truncate and spongiose at
tip; lobes of the ligula small, rounded; mentum biobliquely tumid,
the apex strongly rounded and coriaceous; gular sutures becoming
extremely approximate posteriorly to the base; prothorax about as wide
as the head, the sides converging from the rounded apical angles to the
base; elytra about as long as the prothorax and wider; abdomen parallel,
about as wide as the elytra, the segments feebly impressed at base;
legs short but slender, the hind tarsi short, with the basal joint as long
as the next two but subequal to the fifth. Panama *CryptobieIIa

Body fusiform, slender, rather convex; integuments polished and wholly
sculptureless, strongly but not densely, simply punctate; abdomen
minutely reticulate and punctulate; head narrow and elongate, moder-
ately narrowed before the eyes, the latter obliquely truncate poste-
riorly, situated at or just before the middle of the length, the sides be-
hind them converging to the very narrowly rounded basal angles; neck
three-fifths as wide as the head; post-ocular foveolae apparently want-
ing; labrum, pa'pi and mentum as in Cryptobiella; gular sutures rather
well separated, straight and parallel, diverging anteriorly and near the
base; basil joint of the antennae as long as the next three combined,
and though only moderately elongate, nearly as long as the width of the
head; prothorax oblong, with the sides parallel and arcuate, wider than
the head; elytra wider than the prothorax, with the suture beaded;

Casey — A Revision of the American Paederini. 27

abdomen narrower than the elytra; legs slender, the hind tarsi Ions, only
slightly shorter than the tibiae, the basal joint not quite as long as the
next two but longer than the last. Europe * Cryptobium

11— Form narrow, subfu>iform, the head small and much narrower than
the elytra, only feebly convex, the integuments polished and devoid of
minute sculpture throughout, the punctures moderate in size, not very
close-set and simple; head oblong, the sides parallel or feebly converg-
ing behind the eyes to the broadly rounded basal angles, moderately
narrowed before the eyes, which are rounded behind, prominent and
situated well before the middle; post- ocular areolae distinct, the sur-
face between them sometimes tumid; labrum nearly as in Crypto-
bium; basal joint of the antennae moderate; neck barely two-fifths as
wide as the head, meutum trapezoidal, coriaceous only at apex, deeply
impressed along the basal margin; gular sutures becoming extremely
approximate behind the middle; prothorax very narrow and elongate -
oval, parallel, much narrower than the head; elytra almost twice as
wide as the prothorax and very much lont^er, notably elongate, parallel,
the suture strongly beaded; abdomen narrow, the segments feebly im-
pressed at base; legs rather short, very slender, the hind tarsi notably
short, the first and fifth joints subequalin length and much longer than
the others which are relatively more elongate than usual. Southern
North America Ababactns

12 — Body parallel, rather convex, more or less densely and coarsely but
simply punctate; head oblong-elongate, usually parallel at the sides,
with broadly rounded basal angles; neck broad, about three-fifths as
wide as the head; eyes well developed, convex and prominent, situated
distinctly before the middle of the length; basal joint of the antennae
as long as the next four combined, the joints not constricted at base;
labrum short, truncate, bidenticulate, the teeth separated by a rounded
and rather shallow median sinus of moderately large size; post-ocu'ar
foveolae large and well developed, rather approximate, the surface
between them longitudinally tumid; membranous lobes of the
ligula narrow, well separated, arcuate toward each other, the basal
parts corneous as usual; mentum large, trapezoidal, flat, the apical part
coriaceous, the dividing line posteriorly arcuate; second maxillary
palpal joint sparsely setulose, the third rather longer than the second,
moderately stout, obconical, with the apex slightly narrowed, the sur-
face dull in lustre, finely and closely pubescent, the fourth joint smaller
than usual, acutely conical; prothorax oblong, parallel, narrower than
the head; elytra parallel, wider than the head and usually longer than
the prothorax, the suture strongly beaded; abdomen parallel, nearly or
quite as wide as the elytra, the segments distinctly impressed at base;
legs slender, moderate in length, the hind tarsi Ions:, slender, of the
usual form, the basal joint as long as the next two and longer than the
fifth. Japan *Monocrypta

The majority of the above genera being foreign to our
territories, it is necessary to remark upon those thus indi-
cated above before proceeding further : —

28 Trans. Acad. Set. of St. Louis.

Aderobium n. gen. — The structure of the basal parts of
the head, short basal joint of the antennae and type of ely-
tral sculpture, isolate this genus completely; it is founded
upon the Amazonian Gryptobium anguslifrons, of Sharp.

HoMOEOTARSUS Hochh. — The remarkable structure of the
antennal joints and absence of any well-defined beading of
the elytral suture, as well as some minor structural features,
such as the form of the mentum, will readily serve to sepa-
rate this genus from Hesperohium , which it strikingly resem-
bles in facies and general organization. The type is H.
chaudoiri Hoch., a male of which from Lenkoran is before
me. The sexual characters are peculiar, the fifth ventral being
feebly impressed in the middle and with a very abruptly formed
median emargination at the transversely rectilinear apex, the
emargination almost exactly circular in form, the opening being
narrower than its greatest width ; the emargination of the sixth
ventral is somewhat as in our Hesperohium cinctmn Say. It
has been stated that the genus Spirosoma Mots. — Bull. Mosc.
1858, p. 206 — described from India, is the same as Homoeo-
tarsus, but the statement that the tarsi are one-half shorter
than the tibiae, with the first four joints triangular and
equal, the last as long as the two preceding combined, would
seem to indicate generic difference, for even if the tarsus
referred to be the anterior, it would not be true of Homoeo-
tarsus, where the basal joint is still notably longer than the
second. It is also said of Spirosoma that the second and third
antennal joints are equal in length, the fourth shorter,
whereas in Homoeotarsus the second joint is much shorter
than the third and equal to the fourth.

EucRTPTiNA n. gen. — This genus is founded upon the
Amazonian Cryptohium opacuvi, of Sharp, and is described
above from a single headless specimen. As the peculiarities
of the elytra, referred to in the description, are of generic
value, this mutilation is not so important, but the cephalic
characters are doubtless also distinctive. There is no trace
of the sutural beading and juxta-sutural impressions so char-
ateristic of Hesperohium.

Pycnocrypta n. gen. — The type of this genus is one of

Casey — A Revision of the American Paederini. 29

the most remarkable Paederids that I have observed. It is
very large in size, stout in form, deep black in color through-
out the body, legs and antennae, the head and pronotum
opaque and with minute sparse punctulation, the elytra one-
half voider than the prothorax and equal to the latter in
length, equal in width to the head, parallel, with distinctly
angulate and broadly exposed humeri, polished surface and
coarse deep and rather close-set, irregularly disposed punc-
tures; they are shorter than wide, broadly, feebly impressed
toward the suture, with the sutural bead distinctly elevated.
The abdomen is remarkable in form and size, as may be in-
ferred from the generic diagnosis. This species — which was
named Crypt. 7naxillosuni by Guerin, — measures 15.0 by
3.5 mm. in size. The type was given to me by Dr. Geo. W.
Bock, of St. Louis, and was collected by him near Guate-
mala City. Pycnocrypta will include also several other large
Central and South American forms with broad and inflated
abdomen, though differing in great degree from maxillosa
in sculpture of the anterior parts, — such as the Amazonian
gigas and plagipennis and the Mexican and Central American
ducalis, grandis and planata, of Sharp.

Cryptobiella n. gen.* — This is one of the small slender

* I would include in this genus, until its status can be more accurately
determined, a species named Grypiobmm piisillum, by LeConte. This is not
before me at present, but some notes and a manuscript drawinoj taken from
the original type many years ago, show that it is narrow, slender, of paral-
lel, compact build, dark rufo-piceous in color, with the pronotum and abdo-
men less dark, the head not quite as wide as the elytra and but little longer
than wide, rather abruptly and strongly narrowed before the eyes which are
moderate in size and somewhat prominent, the sides parallel behind them
for a short distance, then broadly rounded to the neck, which is rather less
than half as wide as the head, — according to the drawing, — the punctures
very coarse, deep and close-set throughout, almost mutually contiguous.
The prothorax is longer than wide, narrower than the head, with the ante-
rior angles distinct, the sides feebly converging and nearly straight thence
to the base, rather closely, coarsely punctate, with a wide, impunctate area
bounded by series. The elytra are scarcely as long as wide, parallel, dis-
tinctly shorter and much broader than the prothorax, more finely and closely
punctate, the punctures subserial toward the suture. Antennal scape as long
as the next four joints combined. Male with a small canaliculate impres-
sion at the middle of the apex of the fifth ventral, the sixth with a deep
parallel cleft three times as deep as wide. Length 5.0 mm. ; width 0.8 ram.

30 Trans. Acad. Sci. of St. Louis.

types allied to Cryptohium in its bidentate labrum, obsolete
pleural fold and other structural characters, but is much more
strongly and compactly built than either that genus or
Ahabactus. It is founded upon a species sent to me from
Colon, in Panama, by Mr. Beaumont, of parallel and moder-
ately slender form, deep black color, with a fine apical border
of the elytra and apices of the fifth and sixth abdominal
segments testaceous, the antennae pale, the legs extremely
pale flavo-testaceous throughout. The head is equal in width
to the apical part of theprothorax, and, together with the lat-
ter, rather coarsely, deeply and moderately closely punctured ;
the elytra are rather longer than wide, parallel, much wider
than the prothorax and of equal length, less coarsely and still
more closely punctured than the anterior parts and distinctly
impressed along the strong sutural beading. The abdomen is
finely, not densely punctulate and shining like the rest of the
surface. Its dimensions are 5.3 by 0.88 mm., and it may be
named colonica n. sp. It is allied closely to the Central
American Crypt, rostrafum, of Sharp, differing in its rather
smaller size, polished abdomen and other minor points and
the senus will include also the Amazonian triste, of Sharp.

Cryptobium Mann. — The two or three European species
constituting this genus are of small size and more or less slen-
der form, with the head notably narrow and elongate, differ-
ing from Ababactus, to which it is most closely alhed, in that
respect, as well as in its broader prothorax and smaller elytra,
more elongate tarsi, less approximate gular sutures and many
other characters of more or less importance. The surface is
polished and devoid of minute sculpture, the punctures not
very coarse and notably sparse, except on the elytra, where they
are close-set and arranged without order. The surface of the
elytra is impressed along the rather fine but distinctly elevated
sutural bead. The basal joint of the antennae is about as
lono- as the next three joints combined. The prosternum is
circularly emarginate throughout the width at apex, with an
exposure of whitish membrane — more or less evident through-
out the subtribe.

MoNOCRYPTA n. gen. — The completely united gular sutures,

Casey — A Revision of the American Paederini, 31

forming a coarse and cleft-like stria extending to the extreme
base of the head, and more densely pubescent or setulose third
palpal joint, are characters which isolate this genus com-
pletely, and it is without any very close allies known to me.
The general habitus of Monocrypia is however not unlike that
of several of our common forms of Hesperohium. The gen-
eric diagnosis is taken from the Japanese Cryptobium apica-
tum and pectorale^ of Sharp.

Gastrolobium n. gen.

This is by far the most extensive and widely distributed
genus of the American Cryptobia and includes some of the
largest species. It is abundantly represented in temperate
and tropical North and South America but has not yet
occurred in the true Pacific coast fauna of North America,
a significant fact when comparing the American and Asiatic
types of the subtribe. The elytral punctures generally have
but feeble indication of serial order, but in some cases, such as
luguhre, the series are almost perfectly regular, constituting
one of the most conspicuous features. The basal joint of the
antennae is only moderately long when compared with other
genera of the subtribe, being greatly surpassed in length by
Hesperohium and, to a still greater degree, by Lissobiops in
that respect. The male sexual characters are more elaborate
than perhaps anywhere else in the Paederini, and the lobation
of the third ventral segment is a character distinctive of, if
not peculiar to, this genus. In at least one Amazonian species
this singular lobe is strongly bilobed and there are doubtless
many other remarkable modifications. The hind trochanters
in the male of another species brought home from Brazil by
Mr. H. H. Smith, are greatly prolonged and spiculiform, but
I have remarked no such sexual character among our species.
The lobe of the third ventral* is not constant in size but

* This is described as the fourth segment by Dr. Horn in his revision of
Cryptobium (Tr. Am. Ent. Soc, XII), he having mistaken the elevated basal
margin of the first segment for a basal segment partially concealed by the
coxae, and all the figures of the plates accompanying that paper are erro-
neously drawn in this respect. As illustrating the true structure of the

32 Trans. Acad. Sci. of St. Louis.

diminishes in less developed males and is completely obsolete
in others, leaving only the peculiar discal foveae or short
transverse setose folds of the second and third segments.
The female has the abdomen entirely unmodified as a rule,
but in hacUum, Mcolor, x>arallelum and some others, the dis-
cal mark of the second segment — a fovea in some or a trans-
verse fold in others — seems to remain in that sex. The sixth
ventral of the male is obtusely rounded at tip or subtruncate.
Gatitrolobium differs very much from CryptoUum, under
which name all the species have been described thus far, in
structure and habitus. The species represented in my cabinet
may be identified as follows : —

Head parallel, inflated or moderately narrowed behind the eyes, the basal
angles always more or less evident and broadly rounded 2

Head gradually narrowed behind the eyes, the sides converging from the
latter to the neck and evenly, feebly arcuate throughout, the basal angles
wholly obsolete 24

2 — Elytral punctures close-set, never more thau feebly and partially serial

in arrangement ^

Elytral punctures sparse, very coar.-<e, arrani?ed in even series 23

3 _ Elytra generally pale, rarely black, never pale at tip 4

Elytra black, with a fine, abruptly pile testaceous apical margin. ....22

4— Prouotum highly polished, without minute ground sculpture of any

kind.

5

Pronotum alutaceous in lustre, the dullness caused by excessive y minute
close-set and regular punctulation, only distinct under comparatively

high amplification 21

5— Head black or piceous-black in color 6

Head pale and concolorous with the prothorax and elytra 16

6 _ Prothorax black or piceous-black in color 7

Prothorax paler in color and generally concolorous with the elytra 9

7 _ Head parallel and straight at the sides for one and one-half times the

length of the eye behind the latter, the sides thence broadly rounded to
the neck. Body moderately large and stout, deep black throughout, the
abdomen feebly rufo-picesceat; legs very pale, the antennae dusky;
head longer than wide, narrower than the elytra in the female, coarsely,
closely punctate, the ridge between the post-ocular foveae very pro-
nounced; prothorax oblong-elongate, parallel, with the sides nearly
straight, much narrower than the head, the punctures unusually coarse,
moderately sparse; elytra slightly elongate, two-fifths wider and
nearly a third longer than the prothorax, parallel, the sides straight,

abdomen the reader is referred to some remarks upon this subject published
many years ago by the writer (Bull. Cal. Acad. Sci., II, 1886, p. 159 and
plate) .

Casey — A Revision of the American Paederini. 33

the punctures coarse, rather close-set and irregular iu arrangement;
abdomen but slightly narrower than the elytra, sparsely but distinctly
punctulate, each segment with a large shallow fovea at base and lateral
fourth or fifth. Male unknown; female with the abdomen completely
unmodified, the sixth ventral obtusely and transversely arcuato-
truncate at apex. Length 10.0 mm.; width 1.6 mm. Virginia (Nor-
folk) virginicum n. sp.

Head narrowed behind the eyes, the sides converging from the latter to the
very broadly rounded and subobsolete basal angles and but slightly
arcuate 8

8 — Form rather stout, piceous-black throughout; the abdomen not paler

at tip, the legs very pale, the antennae dusky except toward base; head
longer than wide, much narrower than the elytra, coarsely, deeply and
closely punctured; prothorax rather short, but little longer than wide,
much narrower than the head, the sides parallel and almost straight,
the punctures notably coarse, deep, moderately sparse, unevenly dis-
posed; elytra parallel, about a fifth longer than wide, nearly one -half
wider and two-fifths longer than the prothorax, rather coarsely, deeply
and closely punctate, the punctures obscurely serial except toward
apex; abdomen distinctly narrower than the elytra, strongly, not
densely punctulate. Male with a transverse setose discal fold at the
middle of the second and third ventrals, the folds equal in size and
about an eighth as wide as the segments; lobe of the third segment
obsolete in specimens at hand; sixth ventral very obtusely rounded at
tip, becoming subtruncate toward the middle, the edge thinned and
translucent, the surface notably convex toward the edge posteriorly;
female not at hand. Length 9.4 mm.; width 1.5 mm. Florida to New

Jersey floridannm Lee.

Form less stout and rather more convex, the head black, prothorax piceous-
black, the elytra dark rufous, the abdomen blackish, rufescent at tip;
head longer than wide, subequal in width to the elytra, less coarsely
and closely punctate; prothorax distinctly narrower than the head,
much more elongate than in floridanum and nearly a third longer than
wide, parallel and nearly straight at the sides, the punctures less coarse
and about equally close- set; elytra much narrower and more e'ongate,
parallel, two-fifths wider and a fourth longer than the prothorax, less
coarsely but rather more closely punctate, the punctures without serial
arrangement; abJomen almost as wide as the elytra, the punctures dis-
tinct and not close-set. Male with a very strongly developed transverse
setose fold near the middle of the second and third segments, somewhat
as in floridaiium, the folds larger, nearly a sixth as long as the width
of the segment; lobe of the third obsolete in specimens at hand; sixth
segment narrower, obtusely rounded at tip, the surface cyliodrically and
transversely convex throughout, not at all convex toward tip; female
unknown. Length 8.0 mm.; width 1.35 mm. New Jersey.

couyergens Csy.

9 — Female with the abdomen wholly unmodified; male with a rounded

discal fovea on the third, and a transverse fold on the second ventral. 10

Female with a short transverse setose discal fold near the middle of the

second ventral, the third and remainder of the abdomen unmodified. 13

34 Trans. Acad. Sci. of St. Louis.

10 — Abdomen blackish, brightly rufescent at tip. Body moderately stout,

polished, the head black: prothorax and elytra dark rufous; legs pale
flavate, the antennae somewhat dusky rufous toward base; head large,
longer than wide, parallel, arcuate and somewhat inflated behind the
eyes especially in the male, where it is much wider than the elytra, only
slightly wider than the latter in the female; tumescent posterior longi-
tudinal ridge at each side distinct; punctures coarse and deep, mod-
erately close-set; prothorax only slightly elongate, milch narrower than
the head, parallel at the sides, the punctures coarse and rather sparse;
elytra unusually small in size, but little longer than wide, parallel and
straight at the sides, equal in length to the prothorax in the female
and rather shorter in the male and only a fourth or fifth wider, very
coarsely, deeply, rather closely punctate, the punctures scarcely afrall
seriate, each elytron however with two approximate sets of series each
enclosing a tolerably distinct smooth line ; abdomen fully as wide as the
elytra, sparsely and strongly punctulate. Male with an unusually
long straight setose discal fold occupying median sixth of the second
ventral, the third with a moderate circular setose fovea, the apical lobe
parabolic, not extending quite to the apex of the fourth segment and
one-third as wide as the apex, bristling with long setae, the sixth
ventral conical, evenly, transversely convex, rather narrow at tip, the
latter obtusely and broadly rouuded. Length 10.5 mm. ; width 1.55 ram.

North Carolina and Maryland carolinnm Er.

Abdomen uniform in color throughout 11

11 — Body and legs very pale flavo-testaceous in color throughout, the head

black; abdomen very broad, fully as wide as the elytra. Form stout,
parallel; head large, about as wide as the elytra, parallel and slightly
arcuate at tiie sides behind the eyes, the tumescent lateral ridge feeble;
antennae very slender, the seventh and eighth joints in the male about
two and one-half times as long as wide, ninth not quite twice as long
as wide; punctures rather coarse but decidedly sparse; prothorax
slightly elongate, much narrower than the head, the sides parallel, some-
what arcuate anteriorly, the punctures moderately coarse, rather feeble
and sparse; elytra only slightly longer than wide, parallel and straight
at the sides, a fifth longer and one-third wider than the prothorax, the
punctures notably coarse, deep, moderately close-set and subserial,
the disk shaded slightly darker in color toward the suture; abdomen
strongly, not closely, evenly punctulate. Male with a straight trans-
verse setose fold occupying median seventh of the second ventral, the
fovea of the third unusually large, a fourth or fifth as long as the entire
segment; lobe completely obsolete in specimens at hand, the sixth
ventral obtusely rounded at tip. Length 9.0 mm.; width 1.6 mm.

Illinois.. atriceps n, sp.

Body dark and more or less obscure rufous in color, the head darker; legs
more or less pale fiavate as usual, the antennae more or less infuscate;
abdomen narrower than the elytra 12

12 — Form moderately stout, parallel; head not quite as wide as the elytra,

the sides parallel and straight behind the eyes for some distance, then
broadly arcuate. to the neck; punctures rather coarse, deep and close-
set, separated by scarcely their own diameters; prothorax much narrower

Casey — A Revision of the American Paederini. 35

than the head, distinctly longer than wide, parallel, the sides feebly
arcuate medially, the punctures coarse and rather close; elytra dis-
tinctly elongate, two- fifths wider and a ihirdlouger than the prothorax,
coarsely, closely and confusedly punctured, the punctures decidedly
smaller toward the sides and tip; abdomen finely but strongly, rather
closely punctate. Male with a short transverse straight and strongly
setose fold behind the middle of the second ventral and occupying about
median eighth to tenth of the width, the third with a moderate circular
setose fovea before the middle, the lobe large, extending beyond the
apex of the fourth, evenly rounded at tip and occupying more than
median two-fifths of the width; sixth broadly rounded, the apical mar-
gin becoming just visibly sinuate at the middle. Length 8.4-10.5 mm.;
width 1.22-1.6 mm. Texas (Houston, Austin and El Paso), Iowa
(Keokuk), Indiana, Arizona (Tu9Son) and California (Needles).

pimerianuQi Lee.

Form and coloration similar to pimerianum, the punctuation less dense ;
head well developed, subequal in widih to the elytra, parallel and with
the sides feebly arcuate for some distance behind the eyes, then broadly
rounded to the neck; punctures moderately coarse and not very close-
set, separated, except at the sides, by fully twice their own widths;
prothorax as in pimerianum but more sparsely and feebly punctate;
elytra similar and similarly punctured but rather less closely, the ab-
domen also more sparsely punctulate above and beneath. Male with a
transversely arcuate setose fold, much longer than in pimeriamim, behind
the middle of the second ventral and occupying about median sixth of
the width; third with a rather larger and more transversely elliptical
setose fovea, moderate in size, just before the middle, the lobe obsolete
in specimens at hand. Length 10.5 mm. ; width 1.6 mm. Iowa. f=ca»'o-
linum Er. (Lee.) — erroneous determination] lecontei Horn

13 — Abdomen black, the last two segments abruptly pale rufous. Body not
very stout, the head black; prothorax and elytra bright rufous, the
latter usually clouded with piceous toward the suture except at apex;
legs pale; head parallel and feebly arcuate at the sides, the basal angles
broadly rounded, not quite as wide as the elytra, the punctures rather
coarse deep and close-set, separated by slightly more than their own
widths ; prothorax but slightly elongate, distinctly narrower than the
head, parallel, only very slightly narrower at base than at apex, the
punctures coarse, strong and rather close; elytra distinctly longer than
wide, two-fifths to nearly a half wider and two-fifths longer than the
prothorax, moderately coarsely and closely, irregularly punctate; ab-
domen slightly narrower than the elytra, strongly but not densely punc-
tulate. Male with the setose fold of the second ventral occupying
about median seventh, the rounded fovea of the third large, the lobe
rather long and narrow, extending beyond the tip of the fourth segment
and occupying scarcely more than median third of the width; sixth
segment rather narrowly rounded at tip; fold of the second ventral in
the female much smaller than in the male. Length 9.8 mm.; width
1.6 mm. New York to North Carolina and Iowa bicolor Grav.

Abdomen uniform in color throughout, sometimes very sMghtly paler at
tip 14

36 Trans. Acad. Sci. of St. Louis.

14 — Body pale flavo-testaceous throughout, the head black. Head unusu-

ally small in size, very much narrower than the elytra, the sides
parallel and straight, broadly rounded and converging at base to the
the neck, the punctures strong and well separated; prothorax distinctly
narrower than the head, only very slightly elongate, the sides sub-
parallel, the punctures coarse, impressed, deep, irregular and moderately
close- set; elytra unusually large, parallel, only slightly longer than
wide, fully one-half wider and longer than the prothorax, the punctures
much smaller than those of the latter, rather close-set and irregular;
abdomen not much narrower than the elytra, rather coarsely, moder-
ately closely puuctulate. Male not at hand ; female with the foveiform
fold of the second ventral stronger than in bicolor. Length 9.0 mm.;
width 1.65 mm. New York and Virginia (Newport News).

jiielanocephalam Er.
Body dark piceo -rufous in color, the head black ...15

15 — Head moderately large but not quite as wide as the elytra, the sides

parallel and nearly straight for half the distance from the eyes to the
neck, then gradually rounded and converging to the latter; punctures
moderately coarse, deep and very close -set, separated by rather less
than their own widths; prothorax much narrower than the head, the
sides parallel and feebly arcuate, only slightly elongate, the base and
apex equal in width; punctures rather coarse, deep, not very close;
elytra distinctly elongated, parallel, two-fifths wider and longer than
the prothorax, coarsely, deeply, closely and irregularly punctured; ab-
domen narrower than the elytra, rather finely, not densely punctulate.
Male not at hand; female with the straight transverse setose fold of the
second ventral occupying about a tenth of the entire width. Length

10.5 mm. ; width 1.6 mm. New Jersey badinm Grav.

Head larger, very nearly as wide as the elytra, the sides parallel and more
or less arcuate behind the eyes, broadly rounding to the base; punc-
tures not very coarse and separated by about twice their own widths;
prothorax as in badium but with the punctures sparser and rather feebler ;
elytra shorter and broader, only slightly elongate, nearly one- half
wider and a third longer than the prothorax, the punctures less coarse
and distinctly lees close-set, irregular throughout; abdomen much nar-
rower than the elytra, the punctures finer and sparser. Male with the
fold of the second ventral straight and occupying median sixth or
seventh, the fovea of the third transversely elliptical and moderately
large, the lobe narrow, parallel and elongate, extending beyond the apex
of the fourth, evenly and strongly rounded at tip and occupying less
than median third, the sixth small, narrow, obtusely rounded at apex;
female with the fold of the second ventral nearly as in badium. Length
11.8 mm.; width 1.75 mm. Ohio, Iowa, Missouri and Texas.

strenanm n. sp.
Yaj A. — Similar to strenuxim but smaller and more slender, the head not
inflated behind the eyes, the sculpture throughout similar; prothorax
notably smaller, still less elongate, with the sides strongly converging
behind the middle, the base being much narrower than the apex:
elytra narrower and more elongate, scarcely at all wider than the
head. Male unknown; female with sexual characters nearly as in

Casey — A Revision of the American Paederini. 37

strenuuin, the fold of the second ventral, however, smaller and about a
twelfth or fifteenth as wide as the segment. Length 9.7 mm.; width

1.5 mm. Illinois illiniaue n. var.

Var B — Similar to stremnim but stouter, the head larger, fully as wide as
the eljtra, strongly Inflated behind the eyes and rounded at the sides,
similarly punctured; prothorax small, but little longer than wide,
similarly sculptured, the base narrower than the apex as in illiniane,
but to a much less degree; elytra distinctly elongate, much longer
than in strenuum and more coarsely and somewhat more closely
punctured; abdomen broader, very nearly as wide as the elytra, the
punctures coarser and a little more close-set. Male unknown; fe-
male with s-xual characters nearly as in strenuum. Length 10.5 mm.;
width 1.8 mm. Texas spissiceps n. var.

16 — Abdomen blacii or piceous, with the last two segmeuts pale in color

as in bicolor 17

Abdomen uniform in coloration throughout, pale or blackish in color 18

17 — Body rather stout, shining, pale red-brown in color throughout, the

elytra sometimes feebly clouded with piceous toward the suture; legs
very pale, the antennae infuscate; head well developed but not quite
as wide as the elytra, the sides not inflated, parallel, and nearly straight
behind the eyes, then broadly rounded to the neck; punctures only
moderately coarse and well separated; prothorax slightly elongate,
parallel, distinctly narrower than the head, the punctures rather coarse
but not very close-set; elytra but slightly longer than wide, parallel,
two-flfths wider and a third longer than the prothorax, the punctures
rather coarse, wholly confused and moderately close; abdomen slightly
narrower than the elytra, polished, finely, rather sparsely punctate.
Male with the transverse fold of the second ventral short and broad,
occupying about median tenth of the width, the fovea of the third large
and circular, the lobe strongly rounded at tip, not extending quite to
the tip of the fourth and occupying about median third; sixth segment
narrow, evenly and broadly rounded at tip; female with the abdomen
wholly unmodified. Length 10.5 mm.; width 1.65 mm. Texas (Gal-
veston) to New Mexico (Albuquerque) lexauum Lee.

18 — Abdomen blackish throughout dorsally, paler beneath; head rather

small in size, very much narrower than the elytra, parallel and straight
at the sides behind the eyes, the basal angles broadly rounded; punc-
tures as in texanum; prothorax as in that species but less decidedly
narrower than the head and with the punctures rather feebler ; elytra dis-
tinctly elongate, much wider and longer than the prothorax, the punc-
tures coarse, deeper and closer than in texanum, confused throughout;
abdomen slightly narrower than the elytra, finely and not very closely
punctured. Male not at hand; female having the abdomen wholly un-
modified. Length 9.3 mm.; width 1,6 mm. Arizona. ..yentrale Horn

Abdomen pale in color throughout and concolorous with the remainder of
the body 29

19— Head very sparsely punctured even at the sides. Body not very stout,
parallel, shining, pale red-brown in color throughout, the legs very
pale and flavate; head well developed, elongate, only slightly narrower
than the elytra, the sides parallel and nearly straight for two-thirds of

58 Trans. Acad. Sci. of St. Louis.

the distance from the eyes to the neck, then broadly rounded; punc-
tures moderately coarse, deep, more dislinct and perforate than usual,
•very sparse throughout, the lateral tumidity feeble; prothorax only
very slightly longer than wide, distinctly narrower than the head, sub-
parallel and very feebly arcuate at the sides, moderately coarsely,
strongly, somewhat closely but irregularly punctate; elytra much
elongated, two-flflhs wider and a third to nearly one -half longer than
the prothorax, the punctures moderately coarse, rather well separated,
confused; abdomen distinctly narrower than the elytra, finely, sparsely
punctulate. Male with the transverse fold of the second ventral long,
about a sixth or seventh as long as the segmental width, the third
ventral also with a setose transverse fold but shorter than that of the
second, the lobe obsolete iu specimens at hand; sixth obtusely arcuato-
truncate at tip; female with a transverse setose fold on the second
sef^ment occupying median seventh or eighth of the width. Length
9.3 mm.; width 1.5 mm. New York (Long Lsland), New Jersey and

North Carolina. [=prozimum Csy.] parallelnm Csy.

Head closely punctured, at least toward the sides 20

20 —Third ventral of the male with a short transverse fold. Body moder-
ately stout, parallel, pale and uniform red -brown in color throughout,
the legs still paler and rather more flavate; head well developed, about
as wide as the elytra, the sides parallel and more or less arcuate behind
the eyes, then more broadly rounded to the neck, the punctures rather
coarse, separated by scarcely more than their own widths toward the
middle of the occiput, the lateral tumescent ridge — between the setig-
erous foveolae — strong; prothorax distinctly elongate, subparallel,
much narrower than the head, the punctures rather coarse but
impressed, not very close -set; elytra slightly elongate, much wider and
longer than the prothorax, coarsely but not very closely punctate,
the punctures confused, becoming sparser and subserial toward the
humeral angles; abdomen much narrower than the elytra, finely and
sparsely punctulate. Male with the transverse fold of the second ventral
very small, s-horter than that of the third ventral, the latter also small
and occupying about median twelfth of the width, the lobe rounded,
extending about to the middle of the fourth in the only male at hand and
occupying medim fourth of the width, the sixth ventral broadly
arcuato-truncate at tip; female with the abdomen wholly unmodified.
Len^^h 11.0 mm.; width 1.7 mm. Arizona (^Clear Creek Canon) and

Colorado (Canon City), — Mr. H. F. Wickham coloradeiise n. sp.

Third vc-nlral of the male with a small rounded fovea. Form rather more
slender than in the preceding, similar iu coloration, the sculpture finer
and much denser; headrather depres!<ed, not quite as wide as the elytra,
the sides parallel for a short distance behind the eye-, almost evenly
arcuate thence to the neck, the punctures notably small and close -set,
the lateral tumidity feeble; prothorax distinctly elongated, sub-
parallel, much narrower than the head, the punctures rather coarse,
deep and moderately close-set; elytra longer than wide, more depressed
than usual, much wider and longer than the prothorax, the punctures
unusually small but deep and close-set, confused in arrangement,
sparser and subllnear near the humeri; abdomen slightly narrower than

Casey — A Revision of the American Paederini. 39

the elytra, the punctures fine and rather close. Male with a small but
broadly impressed transverse fold near the middle of the second ven-
tral, occupying about median twelfth or fourteenth of the width, the
third with the small fovea not broadly impressed but unusually abrupt
and perforate, the lobe large, parabolic, extending beyond the apex of
the fourth and occupying fully median two-tifihs of the width; sixth
arcuato-truncate at lip; female with the abdomen wholly unmodified.
Length 10.5 mm ; width 1.68 mm. Arizona (Nogales).

arizonense Horn
Var A — Smaller in size and of still narrower form, the head and elytra
rather less depressed; head less elongate, with more pronounced
basal angles and more prominent eyes; prothorax smaller, with
smaller and feebler punctures; elytra similarly sculptured but rather
narrower and more elongate; abdomen similar in the female. Length

9.0 mm.; width 1.45 mm. Lower California peninsnlare n. var.

21 — Form rather stout, pale testaceous in color, the elytra still paler and
more flavate, the suture broadly clouded with blackish-piceous, the
abdomen infuscate or piceo-testaceou.s throughout; head only moder-
ately elongate, almost as wide as the elytra, alutaceous in lustre, the
sides very slightly converging behind the eyes, the basal angles broadly
rounded; punctures not very coarse and decidedly sparse; prothorax
parallel, much narrower than the head, only slightly longer ihau wide,
strongly alutaceous, the punctures rather small in size but distinct,
sparse; elytra distinctly elongate, parallel, fully two-fifths longer and
wider than the prothorax, slightly alutaceous, the punctures not very
coarse and rather close-set, confused but with two widely spaced
close-set series on each elytron in less than basal lialf, the depression
along the sutural bead also linearly punctate as usual; abdomen rather
more shining than the anterior part.s, slightly narrower than the elytra,
finely, rather sparsely punctate. Male with a short, broad transverse
fold behind the middle of the secoud ventral and occupying about
median tenth or twelfth of the width, the fovea of the third circular,
somewhat perforate and small in size, the lobe large, regularly ogival
in outline, extending slightly beyond the apex of the fourth and occu-
pying median two-fifths of the width; sixth obtusely rounded at tip.

Length 7.8 mm. ; width L35 mm. Texas snturale n. sp.

Form more elongate, dark and uniform red -brown in color, the abdomen
black with the apex slightly and indefinitely paler; legs very pale
flavo-testaceous, the antennae infuscate; surface alutaceous, except the
abdomen which is strongly shining; head rather small, much narrower
than the elytra, the sides feebly converging and straight for some dis-
tance behind the eyes, the basal angles broadly rounding thence to the
neck, the punctures only moderately coarse and not very close-set,
rather uneven; prothorax distinctly elongated, narrower than the head,
parallel, tlie punctures not coarse and rather feeble but distinct, more or
less sparse; elytra longer than wide, rather convex transversely, much
longer and wider than the prothorax, the punctures comparatively small
and close- Set, confused but with feeble traces of the two smooth long-
itudinal lines on each eljtron formed by approximaie series, which is a
feature more or less obvious throughout the genus; abdomen narrower

40 Trans. Acad. Sci. of St. Louis.

than the elytra, finely, sparsely punctate. Male with a transversely
oval setose fovea of moderately large size only slightly behind the mid-
dle of the second ventral, the third with a much smaller discal fovea
which is well defined and slightly longitudinally elliptical — an excep-
tion to the general rule, — the lobe rather small and obtusely pointed,
scarcely extending to the apex of the fourth, its sides diverging to the
base which occupies scarcely more than a fourth of the width; sixth
segment rather strongly, evenly rounded; female wiih the abdomen
wholly unmodified. Length 7.7-8.7 mm.; width 1.3-1.35 mm. Texas
(Austin), l—alutaceum Fvl., i. litt.] vagum Horn

22 — Body small in size, moderately stout, deep black in color throughout

except a fine apical border of the elytra and the legs, which are pale
flavo-testaceous; antennae dusky-testaceous toward base; head very
distinctly narrower than the elytra, oblong, only very slightly longer
than wide, with the eyes unusually large and prominent and less an-
terior than usual, the sides behind them parallel or very feebly converg-
ing and straight to the rounded but unusually distinct basal angles;
surface alutaceous as in the two preceding species, closely and finely
punctate; prothorax slightly elongate, distinctly narrower than the
head, parallel, polished, the punctures coarse deep and close-set; elytra
slightiy elongate, parallel, much wider and longer than the prothorax,
the punctures but slightly less coarse than those of the pronotum and
dense, arranged without order; abdomen much narrower than the
elytra, alutaceous, finely and not closely punctulate. Male with a fine
transverse setose fold at the centre of the second ventral, occupying
median eighth or ninth of the width, the third also with a similar
though slightly shorter and still finer setose discal fold, the lobe very
broad and obtusely rounded, occupying nearly median three-fifths and
not extending to the apex of the fourth; sixth broadly rounded at tip;
female with the abdomen wholly unmodified, the sixth ventral truncate
at tip, with the surface feebly ascending, paler and translucent at the
edge. Length 6.8-7.5 mm.; width 1.2-1.28 mm. Florida to Texas
(Brownsville) despectum Lee.

23 — Body very small, notably slender and parallel in form, dark testaceous

and polished throughout, the legs pale flavo-testaceous; head well de-
veloped, distinctly elongate, a little wider than the elytra, parallel and
straight at the sides, the basal angles more broadly rounded and the
eyes smaller and less prominent than m despectum, the punctures coarse
and rather sparse ; prothorax distinctly elongate, parallel, narrower than
the head, still more coarsely and nearly as sparsely punctate; elytra at
least a fourth longer than wide, parallel, distinctly wider than the
prothorax but only as long as the latter in the female and a little shorter
in the male, the punctures relatively very coarse, not close-set, serial;
abdomen scarcely narrower than the elytra, rather coarsely, unevenly
and not densely punctulate. Male with a rather long and strongly setose
fold well behind the middle of the second ventral, the third with a
circular perforate discal fovea before the middle, the lobe obsolete in
specimens at hand; sixth ventral obtusely rounded at tip; female with
a very small transverse setose fold well behind the middle of the second

Casey — A Revision of the American Paederini. 41

ventral — otherwise unmodified. Length 6.0 mm.; width 0.8 ram.

Florida and Louisiana lugubre Lee.

24 — Form stouter than in lugubre but equally small in size, much less
parallel, polished and deep black throughout, rather convex, the legs
pale flavo- testaceous, the antennae black with the two ba^al joints
rufous; head elongate, much narrower than the elytra, the eyes moder-
ate in size and prominence, anterior; punctures sparse and moderately
coarse; prothorax elongate, distinctly narrower than the head, the sides
subparallel and feebly arcuate, slightly narrowed toward apex, the
latter being sensibly narrower than the base; punctures rather coarse,
not very close-set; elytra well developed, elongate, parallel, two -fifths
wider and a third longer than the prothorax, the punctures moderately
coarse and close-set and in great part serial in arrangement; abdomen
much narrower than the elytra, the punctures strong but rather sparse.
Male with a short transverse setose fold behind the middle of the second
ventral, the third with a very minute discal fold, the lobe unusually
narrow, rather acutely triangular, not extending to the apex of the
fourth and occupying apical fifth or sixth of the width; sixth obtusely
rounded at tip; female not at hand. Length 6.7 mm.; width 1.08 mm.
Florida. [^=parcum Lee. ] obliqanm Lee.

The arrangement proposed above may not give a succession
so truly in accordance with natural affinity as that based upon
male structural modifications, but it is thought that the char-
acters employed, together with variations of the color scheme,
are sufficiently radical and constant to enable the student to
place any specimen he may have at hand, irrespective of sex.
It is possible, for example, that parallelum may be more
closely allied to fioridanum than to coloradense or arizonense,
and it was probably by a hasty examination of the sexual
characters alone, that Dr. Horn was led to the conclusion that
it was identical with fioridanum; the form, coloration and
sculpture are, however, altogether different, and, other than the
similarity in type of sexual characters, there is no close rela-
tionship between these two species. The name J9ro^c^■w^^^m was
applied to one of those rather perplexing variations having
the elytra less elongate, but it probably does not differ even
subspecifically.

At Austin, Texas, I collected a very large series of the
widely distributed ^;merm?u;w, in order to form an idea of the
extent of specific variation and find that this is rather surpris-
ing and unusual, some of the very small depauperate individ-
uals being proportionately more slender, with the head

42 Trans. Acad. Sci. of St. Louis.

sensibly narrowing behind the eyes, so that they would seem
to be almost siibspecifically distinct, and, if seen in the ex-
tremes alone, might be considered specifically different; I
notice the same variability, however, in specimens of texanus
taken at Galveston.

The two species anceps and vitatum* of Horn, — the only
other members of the genus thus far described — are not repre-
sented in the material before me, and I am therefore compelled
to omit them from the table ; the former seems allied to fiori-
daninn and the latter to j^itnerianum, but differs from this as
well as all other of our species in coloration, being testaceous
with the last two abdominal segments black, the usual rule in
bicolored species being to have the last two ventrals paler than
the others. Anceps is black, shining, with piceous abdomen,
robust in form, with unusually large head, and, like vitatum,
occurs in southern Arizona. Gonvergens is by no means
identical with fioridanum, as announced by Horn, the two
species differing in the sexual modifications of the sixth ven-
tral, the latter being singularly and exceptionally modified in
Jioridanum as represented by New Jersey cotypes.

In this genus there are only two really distinct kinds or
classes of males and not three as stated by Horn. The first
kind has the lobe of the third ventral present in more or less
developed degree, and the second has no vestige of lobe but
retains the discal marks as perfectly developed as the first.
There is apparently no other differential character, though
the two classes of males probably play quite different roles in
the life history of the species. If the lobe gradually dimin-
ished to complete disappearance, there would manifestly be
but one class of males having a very variable appendage, but
I have never seen an unlobed male presenting any trace of the
lobe, and such traces would undoubtedly be seen occasionally
if the lobe disappeared in that manner. We are therefore
led to the conclusion that there is only a certain amount of
variability in the lobe and that the unlobed males must con-
stitute a distinct class of that sex — possibly infertile.

* The significance of this specific name is somewhat obscure. Its repe-
tition several times would seem to show that it is not a misprint for
vittatum.

Casey — A Revision of the American Paederini. 43

Hesperobium Csy.

The dentition of the mandibles will at once distinguish this
genus from Gastrolobimn, there being but two large elongate
sharply pointed and much less unequal teeth, instead of the
three teeth of the latter genus. The two teeth of the right
mandible are clearly and evenly outlined throughout, but the
lower tooth of the left mandible has a small shallow notch
and vestigial tooth-like inequality of the edge far down on its
lower side. The species, which are less numerous than those
of Gastrolobium, differ considerably from the latter in facies,
and, except in a few aberrant forms, in their sombre black or
piceous coloration, longer basal joint of the antennae and
type of male sexual modification, no trace of the folds, foveae
or lobe of the second and third ventrals ever being observable.
They appear also to be exclusively confined to temperate and
boreal North America, not extending below the Mexican
boundary and inhabit the entire country from the Atlantic to
the Pacific, being the only genus of Cryptobia, except
^6a6ac/i{s, forming part of the true Pacific coast fauna. It is
therefore the ancestral stem-forms of this genus, in all prob-
ability, rather than the preceding that, migrating in remote
times to Asia by way of Alaska, have gradually become the
present Monocrypta, Spirosoma, Homoeotarsus and Crypto-
bium of Asia and Europe. The species are tolerably homo-
geneous but seUatinn, perfectly normal otherwise, differs
greatly in its pale elytra, maculate with black, and cribratum
and rubripenne in some features of form and coloration, as
well as the pale, very coarsely and sparsely sculptured elytra,
call to mind the remarkable type of Lissobiops to be described
below. The various species may be distinguished by the char-
acters given in the following table : —

Basal angles of the head more or less evident, the head more oblong; elytral
punctures never very coarse, alivays close -set and never with more than
a trace of serial arrangement at any part 2

Basal angles of the head obsolete, the sides converging from the eyes to the
neck and almost evenly arcuate; neck not more than three -fifths as wide
as the head ; elytral punctures extremely coarse, sparse and more or less
distinctly serial in arrangement ; surface polished throughout 13

44 Trans. Acad. Sci. of St. Louis.

2 — Body black or piceous-black in color throughout 3

Body black, the elytra bright rufous, with an oblong sutural spot of black. 12

3 — Species of the Pacific coast 4

Species of the Atlantic regions • 6

4 — Form stout, the body large in size, with the head strongly inflated and

rounded at the sides behind the eyes, black, the elytra rufo-piceous,
the legs pale, the antennae fascous; head large and well developed
though distinctly narrower than the elytra, rather coarsely, closely
punctate, tbe eyes moderate in size but convex and prominent; neck
but little more than half as wide as the head; prothorax distinctly nar-
rower, slightly elongate, the sides somewhat converging and arcuate
anteriorly, widest well before the middle, the punctures moderately
coarse, deep and well separated; elytra but just visibly longer than
wide, parallel, nearly one-half wider and a third longer than the pro-
thorax, not very coarsely but deeply, rather closely and confusedly
punctate; abdomen slightly narrower than the elytra, more finely but
very strongly and rather closely punctate. Male with the fifth ventral
broadly, feebly siuuato -truncate, fie sixth with an abrupt deep emar-
gination, one-half deeper than wide, with the bottom narrowly rounded,
its edges with an irregular polished bevel as usual, the surface not
impressed; female with the head notably narrower and slightly less in-
flated posteriorly, the sixth ventral broadiy rounded at tip. Length 10.0

mm.; width 1.75 mm. Calif ornia (San Joaquin Co.) tamidnin Lee.

Form more slender, the size smaller, the head never notably inflated behind
the eyes, the sides straight, gradually rounding basally to the neck, the

latter relatively broader, three -fifths as wide as the head 5

5 — Elytra evidently longer and very much wider than the prothorax, black,
the elytra sometimes feebly picescent; head rather small, always much
narrower than the elytra, moderately coarsely, deeply and rather closely
punctured, the eyes moderately prominent; prothorax distinctly,
though not very greatly, narrower than the head, much longer than
wide, parallel, the sides feebly arcuate and somewhat converging
anteriorly, the punctures moderately coarse and deep, confusedly
aggregated along the median smooth space and toward the sides as
usual; elytra in the male slightly, and iu the female more distinctly,
longer than the prothorax, fully two -fifths wider, slightly longer than
wide, moderately coarsely, deeply, confusedly and very closely punc-
tured throughout; abdomen shining, finely but strongly, rather closely
punctate, slightly narrower than the elytra in both sexes. Male with
the apex of the fifth ventral very distinctly but broadly sinuate in the
middle, the sixth with a very deep, narrowly triangular notch, twice as
deep as wide, with the angle rounded; female differing but little from
the male in habitus or size of the head, the sixth ventral evenly and
circularly rounded at tip. Length 8.0-9.3 mm.; width 1.4-1.55 mm.

California (coast regions north of San Francisco) pacificam n. sp.

Var A — Almost similar to pacijicum but rather smaller, somewhat more
depressed and parallel and with the head relatively a little larger,
almost as wide as the elytra, the punctures rather coarse, deep and
perforate, well separated; prothorax large, much longer than wide,
with the punctures still sparser, the sides subparallel, broadly

Casey — A Revision of the American Paederini. 45

arcuate, the base a little narrower than the apex; elytra rather less
elongate, distinctly wider and longer than the prothorax, the
punctures coarser, deeper and less close-set, partially serial in
arrangement toward base especially toward the scutellum ; abdomen as
wide as the elytra, otherwise similar. Male with the fifth ventral
feebly sinuato-truncate posteriorly, much more feebly sinuate at the
middle than in paci/icwni, the notch of the sixth more parallel-sided,
nearly as in Paederus, fully twice as deep as wide. Length 8.3 mm.;

width 1.38 mm. British Columbia yaucouTeri n. var.

Elytra shorter than the prothorax and usually but little wider, the body
more slender and much more parallel, black, the elytra somewhat pice-
ous; legs pale, the antennae dasky; head longer than wide, as wide as
the elytra, the eyes moderately prominent, the punctures strong, deep,
moderately close-set; prothorax more or less distinctly narrower than
the head, much longer than wide, the sides feebly convergicg toward
base, broadly arcuate especially anteriorly, the punctures rather large,
strongly impressed, not very close -set, aggregated as in pacificum,
the aggregation along the smooth line usually broadly impressed
posteriorly; elytra barely as long as wide, rather depressed, the sides
feebly diverging as a rule, the punctures strong and close-set throughout,
arranged without order; abdomen as wide as the elytra, finely but
strongly, closely punctate. Male with the fifth ventral broadly, feebly
sinuate toward the middle, the sixth with an abrupt and very deep tri-
angular emargination, not quite twice as deep as wide, its angle broadly
rounded; female differing but little from the male in general form, the
sixth ventral very broadly, feebly arcuate at tip. Length 8.7 mm.;
width 1.28 mm. Southern California and Nevada (Reno) to British
Columbia calif oruicum Lee.

6 — Head inflated posteriorly, the sides behind the eyes parallel and

distinctly arcuate; pronotum highly polished throughout, never aluta-

ceous 7

Head not inflated posteriorly, the sides parallel or nearly so and usually
straight for some distance behind the eyes 9

7 — Male with the apex of the fifth ventral transversely and rectilinearly trun-

cate, with a minute triangular tooth at the middle. Body moderately
stout and convex, polished, black throughout, the legs pale, the antennae
dusky; head but slightly longer than wide, equal in width to the elytra<
the punctures coarse, deep and well separated; lateral tumid ridge
strong; eyes scarcely at all prominent, almost entirely visible from
above; neck wide, fully three-fifths as wide as the head; prothorax
large, slightly elongate, not very much narrower than the head, parallel,
the sides feebly arcuate; punctures rather coarse, impressed and some-
what close-set throughout, the median smooth area distinct; elytra but
little longer than wide, only slightly wider and longer than the protho-
rax, parallel, not very coarsely but deeply, very closely and confusedly
punctate; abdomen as wide as the elytra, finely, densely punctate,
more minutely but rather less densely so beneath. Male with the flfth
ventral unimpressed, the sixth with a large triangular notch much deeper
than wide, with the angle flnely acute and the edges broadly and grad-
ually beveled, the adjoining surface anteriorly not much modified, nor-

46 Trans. Acad. Sci. of St. Louis.

mally pubescent and ouly very feebly impressed; female not differing
mucli from the male, the head a trifle smaller, the sixth ventral broadly
and very obtusely rounded at tip. Length 9.8 mm.; width 1.6 mm.

Rhode Island to Iowa pallipes Grav.

Male with the apex of the fifth ventral truncate or feebly sinuate., not den-
tate 8

8 — Body large in bize and stout, black throughout, the legs pale, the anten-

nae dusky; head longer than wide, about as wide as the elytra, the eyes
relatively small and only moderately prominent, the punctures strong
and rather close-set; piothorax large, longer than wide, parallel, only
slightly narrower than the head, the sides feebly arcuate: punctures
rather small and moderately close, not so uneven in distribution as in
the Pacific coast species; elytra quadrate, parallel, not longer than
wide, equal in length to the prothorax in the male, a little longer in the
female, about a fourth wider, the punctures rather small but strong,
close-set and confused throughout ; abdomen as wide as the elytra, finely,
densely punctate above and beneath. Male with the fifth ventral feebly
sinuato- truncate, the sixth with a large triangular emargination, as
wide as deep, the angle acute, the surface in prolongation anteriorly
broadly flattened, polished and glabrous; female differing but little, the
sixth ventral broadly, feebly arcuate at apex. Length 11.0 mm. ; width
1.85 mm. New York to North Carolina, Iowa and Missouri.. capito Csy.
Body very much smaller, less stout and fusiform, rather convex, polished,
the vestiture less conspicuous, black, the prothorax and elytra paler,
rufO'piceous; legs and antennae pale flavous; head small, elongate,
much narrower than the elytra, only slightly inflated behind the eyes,
with the sides broadly arcuate, the eyes well developed but not very
prominent, the punctures strong but uneven in size and well separated;
neck nearly three-fourths as wide as the head; prothorax large, slightly
longer than wide, very nearly as wide as the head in the male and wider
than the latter in the female, paiallel, with the sides broadly, evenly
arcuate, the punctures sparse, moderately coarse, impressed; elytra
barely as long as wide, parallel, as long as the prothorax and distinctly
wider, the punctures small but strong, confused throughout and un-
usually well separated; abdomen as wide as the elytra, rather tapering
behind the middle, finely, rather sparsely punctate throughout. Male
with the fifth ventral evenly and almost rectilinearly truncate, the sixth
with a large, evenly triangular emargination which, as in the two pre-
ceding species, occupies the entire width of the apex, its sides nearly
straight, the angle obtuse, but not distinctly rounded, the notch more
than twice as wide as deep, the surface adjoining anteriorly not im-
pressed but with a small dull patch which is minutely and transversely
rugulose; female differing but slightly, the sixth ventral narrower and
obtusely rounded. Length 7.5-8.0 mm.; width 1.3-1.4 mm. New
York flavicorne Lee.

9 — Pronotum alutaceous because of a very minute and regular micro-retic-

ulation 10

Pronotum highly polished, without trace of minute sculpture of any kind;
antennae normal 11

10 — Antennae evenly and gradually incrassate throughout from the end of

Casey — A Revision of the American Paederini. 47

the first joiut. Body rather stout, only moderately convex, subfusiform,
black throughout, the legs paleflavate; antennae iofuscate, flavate at
tip; head moderately small in size, much narrower than the elytra, the
sides parallel behind the eyes for a short distance, the sides being almost
evenly arcuate from the eyes to the neck; punctures rather coarse and
close set; prothorax longer than wide, only very slightly narrower
than the head, parallel, the sides feebly arcuate, the punctures small,
rather feebly impressed and sparse; elytra slightly elongate, parallel,
not very coarsely but strongly, conlusedly and closely punctate, much
longer ai d wider than the prothorax in both sexes; abdomen as wide
as the elytra or slightly wider, the sides parallel and very feebly arcuate,
the punctures strong and close- set, becoming coarse, scabrous and
sometimes subconflueni toward the sides. Male with the fifth ventral
unmodified, the sixtu with a deep triangular notch nearly one half
deeper than wide, with the angle obtusely rounded and the opening
abruptly formed and half as wide as the apex; female not differing
greatly from the male, the sixth ventral narrow, obiui^ely rounded at tip.
Length 8.8 mm.; width 1.6 mm. New York to Wisconsin, Floiida and
Louibiaua. [= latebricola Nord.] cinctuni Say

Antennae rather slender and only just visibly increasing in thickness from
the end of the first joint to the end of the sixth, the last five joints ab-
ruptly much wider, forming a loose parallel club. Body fusiform,
moderately stout, black, the legs pale flavous, the antennae slightly
fuscous, gradually paler toward tip; head small, elongate as usual,
very much narrower than the elytra, the sides converging and evenly,
strongly arcuate from the well-developed but only moderately promi-
nent eyes to the neck, which is three-fourths as wide as the head the
lateral foveolae very deep and conspicuous ; punctures coarse and close-
set; prothorax slightly elongate, about as wide as the head in the fe-
male, the sides parallel and feebly arcuate, sometimes broadly angulate
at the middle, the punctures rather small but conspicuous, somewhat
sparse and impressed; elytra large, somewhat longer than wide, very
much longer and wider than the prothorax, the punctures rather small
but very deep and close-set, confused; abdomen as wide as the elytra,
nearly as in cinctum, but less strongly sculptured. Male unknown;
female with the sixth ventral rather narrow, the tip feebly arcuate.
Length 8.0 ram. ; width 1.5 mm. Florida (Lake Worth).

clavicorne n. sp.

11 — Form moderately stout, rather convex, only slightly fusiform, polished,
deep black, the legs and antennae flavate ; head small, distinctly elongate,
very much narrower than the elytra, the sides parallel and straight for
some distance behind the moderately large and convex eyes, then con-
verging and more arcuate to the neck, the punctures less coarse than
in cinctum, and twice as widely separated; prothorax large, longer than
wide, parallel, with the sides evenly and moderately arcuate, slightly
wider than the head, the punctures rather coarse, deeply impressed and
widely separated; elytra but little longer than wide, slightly longer and
wider than the prothorax, the punctures rather coarse, deep and close-
set, confused in arrangement; abdomen about as wide as the elytra,
tapering posteriorly, finely, rather sparsely punctate throughout. Male

48 Trans. Acad. Sci. of St. Louis.

unknown; female with the sixth ventral narrowed at lip; the latter
rather strongly, evenly arcuate. Length 8.0 mm. ; width 1.4 mm. Texas

(Galveston) atronitens n. sp.

Form rather slender, feebly fusiform, rather convex, shining, black, the
prothorax very faintly picescent; legs flavate, the antennae fuscous, flav-
ate toward tip; head very narrow, parallel and elongate, very much nar-
rower than the elytra, the sides straight and parallel for a long distance
behind the eyes, then rapidly rounding to the neck; eyes well devel-
oped, moderately prominent; punctures rather coarse and close -set
in basal half, the anterior half almost impunctate; prothorax distinctly
elongate, as loug as the head and slightly wider, the sides parallel and
evenly, very distinctly arcuate, the punctures moderate in size, unusually
feebly impressed and not at all conspicuous, sparse; elytra distinctly
elongate, parallel, only very slightly longer but more distinctly wider
than the prothorax, the punctures small but strong, close-set and con-
fused throughout; abdomen as wide as the elytra, gradually tapering
posteriorly, finely and not very closely punctate, polished. Male un-
known; female with the sixth ventral as in atronitens. Length 6.5 mm.,
widtb 1.28 mm. Virginia (Norfolk) .-parviceps n. sp.

12 — Body stout, fusiform, moderately convex, polished, black, the elytra

bright rufous with an elongate parallel sutural spot of black, extending
from the base to about apical fourth and slightly dilated behind; legs
pale flavate; antennae black, the two basal joints rufous; head narrow
and elongate, very much narrower than the elytra, the sides feebly con-
verging behind the eyes and almost evenly, distinctly arcuate from the
eyes to the neck, the latter not quite three-fourths as wide as the head;
eyes moderate in size and prominence ; punctures rather small and moder-
ately close-set, the anterior half subimpuuctate; prothorax distinctly
elongate, only very slightly narrower than the head, the sides parallel
and feebly arcuate; punctures rather coarse, impressed, sparse; elytra
large, longer than wide, the sides parallel and feebly arcuate, much
longer and wider than the prothorax, the punctures small but strong,
close-set and confused; abdomen distinctly narrower than the elytra,
finely, not very closely punctate. Male with the fifth ventral not modi-
fied at apex, the sixth with an acutely triangular notch nearly three-
fourths as wide as the apex and fully as deep as wide; female with the
elytra still larger, the abdomen broader and the head not wider than
the prothorax, the sixth ventral obtusely rounded at tip. Length
8.4 mm.; width 1.55-1.7 mm. Indiana and Illinois sellatnm Lee.

13 — Form rather stout and convex, shining, black, the elytra rufous with

the sutural bead sometimes darker especially at base; legs rufous, the
antennae dusky, rufous at base; head elongate, much narrower than the
elytra, the eyes rather prominent; punctures moderately coarse, rather
shallow and extremely sparse; prothorax much elongated, narrower
than the head, parallel, the sides feebly arcuate, the apex slightly nar-
rower than the base; punctures moderately coarse, shallow, impressed,
very sparse, with a more regular series along the smooth median area;
elytra slightly elongate, parallel, scarcely longer but distinctly wider than
the prothorax, the sides feebly arcuate; punctures very coarse, im-
pressed, sparse and only partially serial; abdomen as wide as the elytra

Casey — A Revision of the American Paederini. 49

or very nearly so, parallel, finely, rather closely punctate but shining.
Male with the fifth ventral unmodified^ feebly sinuato-truncate at tip, the
sixth with a triangular emargination, much wider than deep, occupying
three-fourths of the apex with its angle well defined and not rounded,
the notch gradually formed with broadly rounding sides posteriorly;
female having the narrow sixth ventral arcuato -truncate at tip. Length
8.7 mm. : width 1.5 mm. Massachusetts and New Jersey.

cribratnm Lee.
Form similar but more slender, convex, polished throughout, black, the
elytra bright and paler rufous, with a small black scutellar spot; legs
pale flavate, the antennae dusky, flavous toward base and apex; head
elongate, much narrower than the elytra, almost wholly impunctate
toward the middle throughout the length, very sparsely punctured
toward the sides; prothorax nearly as in cribratum, very remotely and
rather feebly punctate, the sides more converging anteriorly, the apex
distinctly narrower than the base; elytra but little longer than wide, as
long as the prothorax but much wider, the punctures scarcely as coarse as
in cribratum and very much sparser, rather distinctly serial throughout;
abdomen slightly narrower than the elytra, finely, rather closely punc-
tate, with the pubescence much more distinct than elsewhere as in cri-
bratum, Male with the fifth veutral unmodified as in cribratum, the sixth
with a narrower and deeper triangular incisure, about half as wide as
the apex, less gradually formed and much deeper than wide, the angle
at the bottom narrowly rounded. Length 7.7 mm.; width 1.3 mm.
South Dakota (Volga) rubripenne n. sp.

There may be several closely allied forms in the Pacific
coast region besides the very distinct tumidum^ but it seems
best to recognize only two species as known by material
already collected, one — pacijicutn — with large elytra, much
longer and wider than the prothorax, and the other — cali-
fornicum — with small elytra, about as long as the prothorax
and but little wider. To the first I have attached a subspe-
cies based upon differences of facies and slight modifications
of the male sexual characters. The other also appears to
have some slightly modified derivatives or subspecies, but
they are not defined at the present time, it being^better to leave
this difiicult investigation for a future study with more ample
material. The last two species of the table are aberrant and
suggest Lissohiops in certain special characters, such as the
more apically narrowed prothorax and coarse, sparse sculp-
ture. Properum of Horn, which is the only described
species not represented before me, appears to be more closely
related to Cryptobiella^ as shown by the original description;

50 Trans. Acad. Sci. of St. Louis.

it is a small species about 7 mm. in length and occurs in
Arizona. I have never seen it.

Liissobiops n. gen.

The very fine and rather rare species named Cryptobium
serpentinum by LeConte, is distinguished from any known
form of Hesperohium by four characters of greater or less
importance, which together appear to demand generic sepa-
ration. The most important of these characters is probably
the medially interrupted side-margins of the pronotum, the
latter being bounded laterally by a continuous fine reflexed
bead in Hesperohium. The second is the imperfect pleural
fold of the elytra, which comes far from attaining the infra-
humeral part of the inflexed sides ; the third involves the
narrow neck, which however is probably of less significance
in this case than would seem apparent and the fourth con-
cerns the general scheme of coloration, which is unique
among our Cryptobia, and, bearing in mind the extreme con-
stancy of the color scheme in some other parts of the Pae-
derini, such as Paederus for example, this character, which
so affects the general habitus of the species, is probably of
considerable importance from a generic viewpoint. Lissohiops
resembles Hesperohium in its bidentate mandibles, but the
basal joint of the antennae is even longer than in any species
of that genus. The single species known thus far may be
described as follows : —

Body slender, convex and fusiform, highly polished throughout, pale
testaceous in color, the anterior two-fifths of the head, the prothorax,
a subquadrate spot at the scutellum and the entire first, fifth and sixth
ventrals deep black; legs extremely slender, pale flavate; antennae
flavo -testaceous, joints two to six black; head narrow^ elongate, sub-
rhomboidal, moderately narrowed before the eyes, which are moderate
in size and prominence, the basal joint of the antennae rather longer
than the next four combined and almost as long as the extreme width
of the head; punctures small, very feeble and extremely sparse through-
out; prothorax elongate, narrower than the head, rather strongly
narrowed anteriorly from the middle, the sides arcuate, the apex much
narrower than the base, the punctures feeble, very remote, with a more
close -set series along the broad median irapunctate area; elytra not
quite as long as the prothorax but much wider, slightly elongate,

Casey — A Revision of the American Paederini. 51

wider than the head, parallel, the punctures coarse, deep, sparse and
serially arranged ; abdomen distinctly narrower than the elytra, feebly
and very sparsely punctate. Male with the fifth ventral unmodified,
the sixth with a triangular, gradually formed emargination, fully half
as wide as the apex and fully as deep as wide, with the angle not very
obviously rounded, the surface along the sides and before the notch
sometimes very feebly impressed. Length 8.0 mm.; width 1.28 mm.
North Carolina (Asheville) serpentina Lee.

I was fortunate enough to find two males of this species in
the mountains of western North Carolina some years ago.
There is undeniably a rather closer relationship in many im-
portant features between Hesperohium cribratwn and rubri-
penne and this species than there is between those species and
the normal species of Hesperohium, but on account of the
formation of the pleural fold of the elytra and side margin of
the pronotum, as stated above, the two former are attached
for the present to Hesperohium. It may, however, ultimately
be deemed more proper to consider Lissohiops as a subgenus
of Hesperohium and assign to it the three species, serpentina,
crihrata and ruhripennis.

Biocrypta n. gen.

This genus is more closely related to Gastrolohium than to
Hesperohium, because of the tridentate mandibles and the
fact that the second or third ventral bears sexual marks, not
of the same character as in the former genus, however, but
distinctly different as may be seen from the description given
below. These facts lead to the query whether it would not
be preferable to base the generic characters of the subtribe
primarily upon dentition of the mandibles, rather than upon
the presence or absence of a pleural fold of the elytra. The
type of Biocrypta differs completely in facies from any
known form of Gastrolohium, and its fusoid form suggests
rather Hesperohium at first glance, but in the form of the head
it differs radically from either; it may be described as
follows : —

Fusiform, rather stout and only feebly convex, pale and uniform red-
brown in ;color throughout the body, legs and antennae, the head and

52 Trans. Acad. Sci. of St. Louis.

abdomen alutaceous and micro -reticulate, the elytra still duller and
finely rugulose, the pronotum polished and devoid of minute sculpture;
head small, scarcely longer than wide, very much narrower than the
elytra, the punctures moderately large, coarser tban elsewhere and well
separated; basal joint of the antennae a little longer than the next
three combined, the third much longer than the second or fourth, which
are equal ; prothorax but slightly elongate, much narrower than the
head, the sides feebly arcuate, the apex much narrower than the base;
punctures fine and sparse, feeble and inconspicuous; elytra slightly
longer than wide, large, parallel, one-half wider and two-fifths longer
than the prothorax, finely, rather feebly, very closely and confusedly
punctate; abdomen nearly as wide as the elytra, rather tapering pos-
teriorly, finely, feebly and rather closely punctulate. Male not at
band; female with the second ventral unmodified, the third with a
small rounded and feebly elevated flattened tubei'cle before the middle,
the apex simple; fifth and sixth segments each with two widely sepa-
rated larger setigerous punctures on the dislj behind the middle, the
latter arcuato-truncate at tip. Length 8.3 mm.; width 1.45 mm.
Texas prospiciens Lee.

According to Horn, the male has the third ventral lobed,
but as this lobe seems to vary noticeably in form among the
very few known examples, there may be several closely allied
species of Biocrypta. As might be anticipated from its
affinity in many directions with Hesperohium, the sixth ven-
tral in the male is angularly emarginate, differing in this way
from any known species of Gastrolobium .

Ababactus Shp.

The comparatively minute delicate species assigned to this
genus, inhabit the warmer parts of North America and form
the closest approach in our fauna to the European Crypto-
bium. At the same time they differ very much from Crypto-
bium in general habitus, and the two genera are not very
closely allied. The species described by LeConte under the
name Cryptohium lejndum is in every way congeneric with the
west coast Ababactus palUdiceps and appears to be a typical
Ababactus, although I have not seen the type species, but its
true affinities were overlooked by Dr. Horn in his revision of
Cryptobium. The two species represented in my cabinet
may be readily identified by the following characters : —

Casey — A Revision of the American Paederini. 53

Form slender, fusiform, rather depressed, polished, blackish-piceous in
color, the head testaceous, with an infuraate cloud at the centre of the
vertex; legs pale flavate, the antennae dusky rufous at base; head
strongly, moderately closely punctate; basal joint of the antennae as
long as the next three; prothorax slender and much elongated, much
narrower than the head, the sides parallel, broadly and distinctly arcuate*
the apex and base subequal in width; punctures finer than those of the
head, rather sparse, confused, the more regular close- set series along
the median smooth space somewhat impressed; elytra fully two-fifths
longer than wide, parallel and straight at the sides, fully three-fourths
wider and two-fifths longer than the prothorax, the humeral angles dis-
tinct, the punctures fine, close- set and altogether confused in arrange-
ment; abdomen slender, much narrower thaa the elytra, finely, not very
closely punctiite. Male with a small, deep, circular fovea just before
tht; centre of the secocd ventral and two entirely similar foveae at basal
third of the third ventral, the latter separated by an eighth or ninth of
the entire width; fifth segment broadly and very feebly sinuate toward
the middle, the sixth with a narrow and very deep cleft, bordered along
its sides by a narrow deep gutter, the two uniting at the bottom of the
cleft, forming a deep excavation which attains the base of the segment,
gradually narrowing to a very fine gutter near the base, the posterior
angles of the cleft rounded, the emargination nearly four times as deep
as its median width, the bottom obtusely rounded; female with the
fovea of the second ventral wanting, the two foveae of the third com-
pletely as in the male, the fifth arcuato-truncate, the sixth narrow but
broadly arcuato-truncate and simple at apex, the abdomen a little
broader than in the male and the head somewhat narrower and more
elongate. Length 4.6 mm.; width 0.7 mm. California (north of San
Francisco) pallidiceps Csy .

Form nearly similar but rather stouter, polished, pale brownish-testaceous
throughout, the legs but little paler, the antennae scarcely at all dusky;
sides of the head behind the eyes feebly converging to the broadly
rounded basal angles; punctures finer, sparse; antennae longer and
more slender, nearly half as long as the body, the basal joint similar;
prothorax slender, elongate, much narrower than the head, the sides
parallel, nearly straight, rounding and more converging anteriorly, the
neck scarcely more than a third as wide as the head, the punctures fine,
feeble and rather sparse, the series as in pallidiceps; elytra as in that
species but still more finely punctate, fully four-fifths wider than the
prothorax and more than two-fifths longer; abdomen relatively a little
wider though much narrower than the elytra, finely but distinctly, rather
more sparsely punctate. Male with the second ventral wholly devoid of
any trace of fovea, the third with two foveae exactly as in pallidiceps,
the fifth arcuato-truncate at tip, with a small !»hallow and much more
abruptly defined median sinus, the sixth with a narrow very deep cleft
surrounded by a deep gutter as in pallidiceps; female not at hand.
Length 4.2 mm.; width 0.75 mm. Texas lepidus Lee.

The species described by Horn under the name Ababactus
nactus, I have not seen, but would infer from the description

54 Trans. Acad. Sci. of St. Louis.

that it differs from paUidiceps in its sparser punctuation of
the head, finer and denser punctures of the elytra, in its less
elongate prothorax and much less elongate elytra, which are
said to be scarcely longer than the prothorax ; it occurs in
Arizona. PaUidiceps is much more closely allied to lepidus
than to nactus, but is a larger species with relatively narrower
head and darker coloration, besides differing in the male sexual
characters.

Sphaeronia.

The chief characteristics of this subtribe are the extremely
slender neck, formed nearly as in Stilims and Scopaeus and the
small obtuse fourth palpal joint. These features are entirely
foreign to the Cryptobia and also to the related Lathrobia and
are correlated with so many peculiarities of structure as to
indicate the propriety of separating these minute, frail and
extremely interesting forms as a distinct subtribal group, for
which I would propose the above name. The group is prob-
ably peculiar to the American tropics, and, in addition to the
two genera here defined, will probably include several others
when those almost inexhaustible regions are more thoroughly
explored. The two following genera are defined upon exam-
ples kindly given me several years ago by Dr. Sharp, by whom
they were originally described : —

Body less slender, almost as in Ababactus but more convex, moderately shin-
ing, very minutely punctured; head elliptically rounded at base behind
the eyes, which are moderate or rather small and slightly prominent,
placed at the middle of the sides, the frontal part before them abruptly
narrowed to a moderate degree, the antennal prominences large and
pronounced; labrum short, truncate, edentate, with a semicircular
median emargination ; surface more coarsely and confluently sculptured
in anterior half, finely and sparsely punctate posteriorly, the two post-
ocular foveolae of the Cryptobia distinct, the surface between them
feebly swollen; mentum transverse, biobliquely tumid; maxillary palpi
normal in form, the third joint obconical, longer than the second, fiuely,
closely pubescent; gular sutures narrowly separated, parallel, feebly di-
verging anteriorly; antennae rather stout, the joints closely joined, the
first nearly as long as the next four combined, strongly sigmoid, stout
and finely, closely pubescent, the second much longer than the third;
prothorax long and narrow, much narrowed anteriorly to the neck;
presternum elongate before the coxae, broadly, transversely impressed

Casey — A Revision of the American Paederini. 55

anteriorly, feebly carinate posteriorly; pronotum very convex, ex-
tremely minutely punctate, without much more than a narrow trace of
a smooth median lice, the surface prominent at the middle near the base
and bi-impressed as in Scopaei; elytra much wider than the prothorax,
nearly as wide as the head, closely punctate, the sutural bead evident;
abdomen rather narrower than the elytra, the segments only feebly im-
pressed at base; legs long, very slender, the tarsi long, filiform, the
first and fifth joints elongate; sexual characters of the male consist-
ing of feeble transverse folds on the second and third ventrals and

apical emargination of the sixth. Amazon *Scopaeode8

Body very slender and of remarkably specialized structure throughout,
scopaeoid in form, moderately convex, shining, finely, inconspicuously
punctured, the head more coarsely and sparsely so throughout but more
coarsely anteriorly than posteriorly; coloration pale; head elongate-
oval, not abruptly narrowed before the eyes which are before the middle,
rather small, prominent and very coarsely faceted; posterior outline
semicircular, the median part of the base forming an abruptly project-
ing collar inclosing the neck; sides without post-ocular foveolae but
with a deep longitudinal groove extending along the lower margin of
the eyes, and gradually becoming attenuated to the neck; upper margin
of the eyes also bordered by a deep groove which does not extend be-
hind the eye; front strongly tritumorose ; labrumvery short, biobliquely
and rectilinearly truncate, with a feeble median sinus, edentate; men-
tum very small; labial palpi slender, normal; maxillary palpi strongly
specialized, the second joint slender, the third strongly infiated and
rounded in outline but abruptly constricted at base and obliquely joined
to the second by a slender peduncle; gular sutures completely united,
forming a fine median stria anteriorly becoming a broad coarsely im-
pressed groove posteriorly; mandibles bidentate within, the left at
least strongly grooved externally; antennae rather thick, submoniliform,
the basal joint cylindrical, thick and not much longer than the next two
combined, the second and third subequal; prothorax elongate-oval,
gradually attenuate anteriorly; prosternum extremely long before the
coxae, almost evenly and strongly convex; pronotum tumid in the
middle near the case, the median impuuctate line obvious ; elytra wider
but not longer than the prothorax, the sides diverging, obscurely
punctulate, the surface impressed at each side of the suture toward
base only; abdomen narrower than the elytra, the segments feebly im-
pressed at base; legs moderately slender but not very long, the anterior
tibiae strongly, obtusely dentate within, the intermediate slender and
cylindric, the posterior gradually thicker from base to apex, the tarsi
rather long, slender, the basal joint of the posterior about as long as
the next two together but much shorter than the fifth; claws well devel-
oped. Amazon. [= Sphaerinium Shp. — nom. praeocc.]..*Sphaeronium

The name Sphaeronimn was substituted for the original
Sphaerinium by Dr. Sharp, and the genus is founded upon a
species described under the specific name pallidum by that
author. The type of Scopaeodes — a name somewhat unfor-

56 Trans. Acad. Sci. of St. Louis.

tunate in view of the lack of any real affinity with Scopaeus, —
is S. gracilis Shp. The latter is 5 mm. in length, the former
not much shorter but notably more slender.

DOLICAONES.

This subtribe combines in a remarkable manner the essential
characters of the Paederi and Lathrobia, agfreeing with the
former in the general nature of the male sexual characters
and in the peculiar compressed and pubescent fourth joint of
the maxillary palpi, and with the latter in general habitus,
structure of the prothorax and other features. The genera
are few in number and belong wholly to the old world fauna
in all probability. Those represented in my cabinet may be
defined as follows : —

Eyes normal aud well developed 2

Eyes wanting, replaced by a small whitish translucent point at the
posterior margin of the autennal cavity .- 3

2 — Body very large, rather stout and parallel, moderately convex, coarsely,
rather sparsely punctate, the pronotum with only a partially defined
median smooth line, the abdomen with coarse sparse punctulation ; hairs
long and bristling; head large, oblong, the neck very broad, nearly
three-fourths as wide as the head; labrum short and transverse, with
a small triangular emargination, at each side of which there are two
very short obtuse denticuliform lobes; antennae filiform, rather stout,
barely as long as the head, the joints feebly obconical, the basal joint
cylindric, but little longer than the next two combined; gular sutures
feeble, rather narrowly separated, gradually converging and most
approximate behind the middle, rapidly diverging and obsolescent at
base; ligula bilobed at tip; paraglossae compressed, fimbriate at tip;
maxillary palpi moderate in length, rather slender, coarsely, sparsely
setulose; prothorax large, oblong; prosternum short before the coxae;
elytra very short, less than half as long as the prothorax, with rounded
basal angles, the hind wings probably wanting or vestigial; abdominal
segments only very feebly impressed at base; legs rather long, some-
what slender; hind tarsi nearly three-fourths as long as the tibiae,
densely clothed with stiff fulvous hairs beneath, the first joint much
longer than the second and subequal to the fifth; claws moderate;
anterior tarsi moderately dilated. South Africa. [= Ophiomorphus
Dej. and Adelobium Nord.] *Dolicaon

Body small in size, subparallel aud slender, moderately convex, rather
finely, sparsely and evenly punctate, the pronotum with a smooth
median line; abdomen not densely punctulate; pubescence short and
inconspicuous; head moderate, usually narrower than the pro-

Casey — A Revision of the American Paederini. 57

thorax, oblong, the neck very wide, four-fifths as wide as the
head ; labrum very short, transversely truncate, with a very small
rounded median sinus, at each side of which there is a small and
abruptly formed tooth; antennae short, rather slender; gular sutures
evenly arcuate, moderately separated, most approximate at the middle;
maxillary palpi with the third joint much longer than the second,
strongly obconical and compressed; prothorax oblong, the angles
distinct; prosternum more developed before the coxae than in the
preceding genus; elytra well developed, as long as the prothorax or
longer, the basal angles distinct; hind wings probably well developed;
abdominal segments not impressed at base; legs slender, the hind tarsi
filiform, the joints proportioned nearly as in the preceding; anterior

tarsi, rather feebly dilated . Europe *Leptobiuni

3 — Body very small in size, slender, parallel, convex, polished, distinctly,
evenly and more closely punctured, the abdomen relatively finely, very
sparsely punctulate; pubescence entirely inconspicuous; head about
as wide as the prothorax, somewhat pyriform; labrum as in Leptobium,
bidentate, the teeth longer and more aciculate; gular sutures well
separated, converging to about the middle, thence subparallel to the
base; maxillary palpi with the third joint much longer than the second,
subcylindric, rapidly narrowed at base, sparsely setulose; antennae
short, one-half longer than the head, slender basally, rapidly incrassate
distally; neck narrower, three-fifths as wide as the head; prothorax
suboval, widest anteriorly, with a narrow median smooth line; proster-
num well developed before the coxae; elytra extremely short as in
Dolicaon, with rounded basal angles, the hind wings undoubtedly
obsolete or vestigial; abdominal segments not impressed basally,
legs slender, the hind tarsi nearly as in Leptobium, the anterior feebly
dilated. Europe *Sc©tonomus

Dolicaon Lap., is founded upon the comparatively gigantic
lathrohioideH Lap., of the regions about Cape Town. Among
some 450 species of Coleoptera which I took in that vicinity,
there was only this one Paederid, — the largest species of the
tribe known to me, — as though the entire paederoid energy
of the country had been concentrated in this single species.
The diagnosis of Leptobium {n. gen.) given above, is taken
from the biguUulmn, of Lacordaire, and that of Scotonomus
Fauv., from the ro.ymondi, of Fauvel. The species, although
very few in number, display in Dolicaon and Scotonomus the
greatest disparity in size observable within any of the sub-
tribes of Paederini. In the formation of the very short
elytra and probable absence of hind wings, these two genera
are identical and wholly different from Leptobium, the
European species requiring a new generic name, since both

58 Trans. Acad. Sci. of St. Louis.

Ophiomorphus and Adelohium refer solely to the large
South African species forming the type of Dolicaon. Dr.
Sharp describes from South America (Tr. Ent. Soc. Lond.,
1876, p. 247) a small and very aberrant species, under the
name Dolicaon distans, without however alluding to the
structure of the terminal joint of the maxillary palpi, so that
I cannot confirm the generic reference. The probabilities are
that it is not one of the Dolicaones as here restricted.

Paederi.

In this unusually isolated subtribe the labrum loses a
good deal of the value that it has elsewhere, and, although
always rather short and broadly truncate, with a small median
notch or sinus somewhat as in the Lathrobia, this emargin-
ation may be rather wide and shallow, evenly rounded and
without flanking teeth as in the European /i^sa^es — judging
from a specimen so named for me by Mr. Keitter, — or an
abruptly formed semicircle, with a short broad obtuse tooth
at each side, as m femoralis, or a true triangle with straight
sides, with short lobe-like teeth adjoining, as in riparius, in
all the cases mentioned being entirely devoid of a denticle at
the bottom of the emargination. Or, the emargination may
be deep, evenly rounded and with a small acute tooth at the
bottom, with the apical margin adjoining only broadly and
arcuately lobed, as in Uttoreus. Most of these cases refer to
Paederus proper. In Paederidus Eey, probably throughout
the genus, the median emargination has a more or less evident
triangular tooth at the bottom, this being homologous with
the median tooth in the Lithochares.

In general structure, especially in the form of the pro-
sternum, labrum and strongly dilated anterior tarsi, the
Paederi display more affinity with the Lathrobia than any
other type of Paederini, and the more or less fortuitous tooth
at the bottom of the labral emargination, together with the
prosternal structure and the dilated anterior tarsi, prove
also a relationship with the Lithochares. It is still more
evidently related to Lathrobia through Domene, — a genus

Casey — A Revision of the American Paederini. 59

wholly out of place in the European catalogues, — and the
Lithochares connect it with the Medones, although there is
evidently a closer relationship between the last two named
than between the Paederi and Lithochares, as shown by gen-
eral habitus. Our species will form three closely allied
genera. The four genera represented before me may be dis-
tinguished as follows : —

Head large, more or less quadrate and broadly truncate at base; prothorax
very broad and strongly rounded at the sides anteriorly, strongly nar-
rowed thence to the base; integuments coarsely and sparsely punctate
and pubescent; fourth tarsal joint strongly bilobed; gular sutures dis-
tinct, moderately separated and impressed. General in distribution.
[= Paederomorphus Gaut.] Paederus

Head relatively small, strongly narrowed behind the eyes and narrowly
truncate or rounded at base, the prothorax relatively much smaller and
more evenly oval 2

2 — Punctures and pubescence coarse and sparse, the abdomen always very

sparsely punctulate, with the dorsal segments more or less feebly, trans-
versely impressed at base; gular sutures gradually converging and
most narrowly — though somewhat widely — separated behind the
middle of the post-oral surface, always very feeble and unimpressed and

sometimes subobliterated 3

Punctures and pubescence finer and close-set, the abdominal segments
strongly, transversely impressed at base, first abdominal segment
without basal carina *

3 _ Eyes moderate in size; abdomen obtuse; fourth tarsal joint rather

wide and strongly bilolsed ; head and last two ventrals always black,
the elytra invariably dark steel-blue in color. Entire United
States Paederillns

Eyes large; abdomen gradually narrowed toward tip; fourth tarsal joint
very narrowly bilobed ; color testaceous nearly throughout. Sonoran
regions Leucopaederus

4 — Eyes moderate in size; fourth tarsal joint not wider than the preceding,
small and slightly bilobed; gular sutures becoming almost completely
confluent posteriorly. Europe *Paederidus

The beetles of the present group are more highly and con-
spicuously colored than any others of the tribe, and, being at
the same time of moderately large size, especially in the
tropics, they have received considerable attention from sys-
tematic writers. Excepting the warmer parts of the new
world, our representatives are less numerous and less diver-
sified than those of Europe — an exceptional case in the
Paederini.

Trans. Acad. Sci. of St. Louis.

Paederus Grav.

The secondary sexual characters of the male are but
slio-htly diversified, either in this or the other genera of the
o-roup, and are very nearly similar throughout, the fifth ven-
tral being virtually unmodified, the sixth having a narrow par-
allel-sided slit, two to four times as deep as wide. The slit
sometimes has its edges beveled throughout as in grandis.
The elytra of the male are nearly always perceptibly shorter
than in the female and the head is sometimes much larger in
that sex, but otherwise there is very little sexual difference in
the facies. The anterior tarsi are strongly dilated in both
sexes and clothed beneath with dense pads of short whitish
spongiose pubescence. The various species are confined to
the warmer parts of the United States, becoming very numer-
ous in Mexico and are larger, as a rule, and heavier in build
than those of Paederillus. The four in my cabinet may be
known by the following characters : —

Legs black, the femora pale in about basal half. Body large and rather
stout, shining, the head and last two ventrals black, the elytra dark
blue, prothof ax rufous and abdomen flavo- testaceous; antennae black,
pale toward base and apex; head in the male large, quadrate, wider
than the elytra, with the basal angles very broadly rounded, the eyes
only slightly prominent and at about twice their length from the base,
smaller in the female, notably narrower than the elytra, with the sides
converging and broadly arcua'e behind the eyes to the neck; prothorax
slightly longer than wide, strongly convex, ovoidal, perceptibly narrower
than the head in the male but equal to the latter in the female, pol-
ished, with a very few fine impressed and widely scattered nude
punctures; elytra very coarsely and deeply but not densely punctate,
quadrate, slightly wider than the prothorax and equal to it in length in
the male, longer than wide, slightly longer than the prothorax and
just visibly wider than the latter in the female; abdomen parallel,
slightly narrower than the elytra. Length 9.2-10.5 mm.; width
1.8-1.9 mm. Arizona grandis Aust.

Legs pale, the femora in rather less than outer half and the tibiae grad-
ually, indefinitely and more nubilously toward base, black. Body
otherwise nearly as in grandis, the head in the. male large, quadrate,
parallel at the sides, with the basal angles much less broadly rounded
than in grandis; eyes nearly similar, Ihe punctures moderately strong,
few in number, widely scattered ; prothorax only slightly longer than
wide strongly convex, not so greatly narrower than the head as in
grandis, rounded at the sides anteriorly, scarcely punctured ; elytra in

Casey — A Revision of the American Paedcrini. 61

the male much larger, longer than wide, and distinctly longer than the
prothorax, equal in width to the latter and but very slightly narrower
than the head, similarly punctured. Length 10.0 mm.; width 1.8 mm.
Lower California femoralis Lee.

Legs shorter and relatively stouter, pale honey-yellow throughout, the
femora abruptly black in outer third. Body much smaller than in the
preceding species, stout and strongly convex, similar in coloration and
polished lustre; head in the male a little wider than the prothorax or
elytra, the sides converging and circularly arcuate behind the eyes to
the neck, similar in the female but subequal in width to the prothorax
and narrower than the elytra; eyes at one-half more than their own
length from the base; prothorax scarcely longer than wide, oval,
rounded at the sides, the latter strongly converging posteriorly as
usual; elytra quadrate and scarcely longer than the prothorax in the
male, notably longer in the female. Length 6.8 mm.; width 125 mm.
Europe and Texas riparins Linn.

Legs nearly as in riparms but entirely clear honey-yellow throughout,
without trace of darker ornamentation. Body similar to that of
riparms but still smaller and slightly more slender; head with only very
slight sexual differences, distinctly wider than the elytra in the male
and only just visibly so in the female; eyes moderately convex and
prominent, at about a third more than their own length from the base,
the sides behind them strongly converging and circularly arcuate in
both sexes; prothorax scarcely visibly longer than wide, obtrapezoidal,
the sides broadly arcuate, a little more rounded anteriorly; elytra not
quite as long as wide or as long as the prothorax in either sex,
coarsely, sparsely punctate, the sides feebly diverging from the base
and broadly, feebly arcuate; abdomen subequal in width to the elytra.
Length 6.0 mm.; width 1.0 mm. Florida (Crescent City) and
Georgia littoreus Aust.

It is rather remarkable that the European riparius should
occur within the United States, but two males collected in
the Caucasus and forwarded to me by Mr. Keitter, agree in all
respects — allowing for sex — with a single female in my
cabinet taken at an unrecorded locality in Texas. If it was
collected in the neighborhood of Galveston, there is a strong
probability of its being simply an adventitious importation,
and, that it has established itself in America, is by no means
proved. The Mexican mexicanusYiV.y is listed by Henshaw,
but I have seen no examples taken within our borders ; it has
the coloration and facies of groMdis but is much smaller,
with the antennae and legs rufous, the tip of the posterior
femora alone black. Our species are all alate and with dis-
tinct elytral humeri.

62 Trans. Acad. iSci. of St. Louis.

Paederillus n. gen.

This genus is much more boreal in range than Paederus
and almost entirely replaces the latter in the United States,
where it is distributed throughout from the Atlantic to the
Pacific. Its species are much smaller as a rule than those of
Paederus, and of more slender form, with little or no sexual
difference in the head; the elytra are, however, frequently
distinctly shorter in the male. The species are rather nu-
merous but closely allied among themselves, having a remark-
able persistency and uniformity of facies throughout. The
coloration of the body is constant, being as stated in the table
of genera, and the lustre is always shining, so that these
characters will not be mentioned in describing the various
forms below. The labrum is short and transversely truncate
throughout and completely edentate, with a small abrupt sub-
parabolic median sinus, devoid of medial denticle. The
species are usually gregarious and therefore plentiful in in-
dividuals when discovered ; those represented by material in
my cabinet may be described as follows : —

Elytra large, much wider and longer then the prothorax in both sexes. .. 2

Elytra shorter, never very much longer than the prothorax, even in the
female, and occasionally much shorter except in texanus 3

2— Body slender, the legs pale throughout, the antennae blackish, pale
toward base and slightly paler at the immediate apex; head elongate -
oval, the eyes rather small but convex and prominent and at one-half
more thaa their own length from the base ; sides behind them rapidly con-
verging, evenly, feebly and circularly rounded throughout to the neck,
the angles obtuse and scarcely rounded, the base narrowly truncate;
prothorax like the head subimpunctate as usual, elongate-oval, widest
only slightly before the middle, narrower than the head; elytra very
long, parallel, a third wider and more than a fourth longer than the
prothorax in the male and distinctly wider than the head, the punc-
tures only moderately coarse and unusually sparse ; abdomen narrower
than the elytra, parallel. Male with the fifth ventral very feebly sinuato-
truncate at apex, the slit of the sixth narrow, parallel and very deep,
the sides straight, the bottom of the slit concealed from view in speci-
mens at hand; female not observed. Length 5.6 mm.; width 0.9 mm.
Florida floridanus Aust.

Body slender and nearly similar to the preceding throughout, except that the
head is less elongate, the eyes a little larger, the sides behind them only
feebly convergent and straight to the basal angles, which are rather

Casey — A Revision of the American Paederini. 63

broadly rounded, the base very much more broadly truncate ; protho-
rax elongate-oval, only slightly narrower than the head, widest at two-
fifths from the apex; elytra In the female only slightly longer than wide,
a fifth wider and longer than the prolhorax, slightly wider than the
head, parallel, the punctures very coarse and rather close-set; abdomen
subequal in width to the elytra, the sixth segment narrowly and feebly
impressed along the middle in the female; male unknown. Length

4.9 mm.; width 0.8 mm. North Carolina carolinae n. sp.

Body stout ; coloration as in the preceding, except that the femora are pale, be-
coming black in outer third to half, the tibiae and tarsi piceous through-
out; head in the male but slightly longer than wide, the eyes rather
convex and prominent, moderate in size, the sides behind them strongly
convergent, straight for nearly the length of the eyes, then broadly
rounding into the truncate base, which is moderably narrow; in the fe-
male nearly similar, except that the sides behind the eyes are only feebly
convergent and the base more broadly truncate, the basal angles equally
rounded in both sexes; prothorax rather stout but elongate-oval, about
as wide as the head ; widest only slightly before the middle, the sides
broadly arcuate; elytra very large, parallel, deeply, moderately coarsely
and rather sparsely punctate, convex, very slightly longer than wide
and almost similar in the sexes, very much wider than the head and much
wider and longer than the prothorax in both sexes; abdomen parallel,
slightly narrower than the elytra.. Male with the apex of the fifth ven-
tral transversely truncate at apex, the slit of the sixth narrow and very
deep, its sides parallel and straight posteriorly, gradually and slightly
converging in less than anterior half to the narrowly rounded bottom,
the surface distinctly impressed in prolongation of the slit; sixth ven-
tral of the female impressed along the middle as usual. Length 5.3-5.7
mm.; width 1.2 mm. Texas (El Paso), — Mr. G. W. Dunn.

saginatns n. sp.

3 — Legs black or piceous-black, the femora pale in more than basal half. .4
Legs pale throughout, nevermore than shaded slightly with piceous in the

region of the knees 5

4 — Larger species, the elytral punctures much less coarse, moderately slen-

der, the head but little longer than wide, the eyes moderate in size,
prominent in the male, less so in the female; sides behind them rather
strongly convergent and feebly arcuate in the former, less convergent
and more arcuate in the latter, sex; base truncate, the angles distinctly
rounded in the female, more narrowly so in the male; antennae rather
stout, piceous-black, pale toward base; prothorax but slightly elon-
gate, as wide as the head in the female, relatively a little narrower in
the male, broadly arcuate at the sides and widest at apical third ; elytra
quadrate, less convex than usual, the punctures only moderately coarse
and rather close-set, distinctly wider than the prothorax, as long as the
latter in the male and a little longer in the female; abdomen parallel, a
little narrower than the elytra in both sexes. Male with the fifth ven-
tral transversely truncate at apex, the notch of the sixth elongate-oval in
form and only slightly more than twice as deep as wide, rather broadly
rounded at the bottom, the adjoining surface of the segment not at all

64 Trans. Acad. Sci. of St. Louis.

impressed; sixth ventral in the female almost completely unmodified.
Length 6.0-7.0 mm. ; width 1.0-1.1 mm. California (Placer Co.).

compoteus Lee.
Smaller species and rather more slender, with the elytral punctures nor-
mally coarse and deep and rather widely spaced; head small, very
much narrower than the elytra in both sexes, the eyes moderate in size
and prominence, at about two- thirds more than their own length from
the base, the sides moderately converging behind them to the broadly
rounded basal angles, without distinct sexual difference, the base rather
broadly truncate; antennae nearly as in compotens; prothorax rather
narrow and elongate-oval, fully as wide as the head in the female and
nearly so in the male, widest and broadly arcuate at the sides at apical
third; elytra quadrate, without much sexual difference, about as long
as the prothorax in both sexes but distinctly wider; abdomen parallel,
a little narrower than the elytra. Male with the apex of the fifth ven-
tral feebly sinuate toward the middle, the slit of the sixth narrow, fully
three times as deep as wide, with the sides nearly straight and parallel,
the bottom rather more narrowly but eveuly rounded, the adjoining
surface not impressed, the sixth ventral in the female feebly impressed
along the middle. Length 5.5-6.7 mm.; width 0.8-0.95 mm. New

Mexico, Utah and Wyoming nevadensis Aust.

5_Elytramuch abbreviated, much shorter than wide, with the basal angles
very broadly rounded and the sides thence diverging to the apex, the
hind wings probably vestigial. Body slender, parallel, convex; head
suborbicular, scarcely longer than wide and without perceptible sexual
differences, the eyes of the usual size, convex and prominent, the sides
behind them rather strongly converging, the basal angles very broadly
arcuate and the base somewhat broadly truncate; antennae pale,
piceous-black toward the middle; prothorax very slightly narrower than
the head, elongate-oval, widest behind apical third; elytra without
sexual differences, very much shorter than the prothorax and about
tqual in width to the latter, coarsely, deeply and moderately sparsely
punctured; abdomen subparallel, fully as wide as the elytra. Male
with the apex of the fifth ventral transversely truncate, the slit of the
sixth narrow and about three times as deep as wide, with its sides
parallel and nearly straight, ogivally rounding toward the bottom, the
latter rather narrowly rounded and narrowly beveled, the adjoining
surface apparantly not impressed; sixth ventral of the female narrowly
and very feebly impressed on the median line. Length 4.4-4.9 mm.;

width 0.75-0.8 mm. Iowa palastris Aust.

Elytra subquadrate and parallel or very nearly so, with the basal angles less

broadly rounded, the hind wings developed 6

6 — Elytral punctures much less coarse and deep than usual and very sparse.
Body slender, subparallel, colored throughout as in the preceding, the
head subsimilar in the sexes, rather small, distinctly narrower than the
elytra, elongate-suboval, the eyes convex but rather small, at nearly
twice their own length from the base, the sides distinctly converging
behind them and broadly, feebly arcuate to the obtuse basal angles very
near the neck, the angles moderately broadly rounded; prothorax
elongate-oval, distinctly narrower than the head in both sexes, widest

Casey — A Revision of the American Paederini. 65

at about two-fifths from the apex, the sides very broadly arcuate even
anteriorly; elytra quadrate, much wider but barely as long as the
prothorax in the male, much longer than wide, a fourth wider and very
slightly longer than the prothorax in the female, the sides subparallel,
very feebly arcuate, the punctures becoming subobsolete toward tip;
abdomen parallel, a little narrower than the elytra in the male, equal
in width to the latter in the female. Male with the apex of the fifth
ventral feebly sinuato -truncate, the slit of the sixth narrow, parallel
and deep, the sixth ventral of the female feebly impressed along the
middle. Length 4.5-5.0 mm. ; width 0.78-0.88 mm. New York (along

the ocean beaches) obliteratns Lee.

Elytral punctures coarse, deep and moderately close-set throughout 7

7 — Slit of the sixth ventral in the male rounded at the bottom, the adjoin-

ing surface of the segment not very distinctly impressed 8

Slit of the sixth segment acutely angulate at the bottom in its external edge,
the internal edge narrowly rounded, the edge between the angle and
arcuation beveled ; knees generally dusky 11

8 — Elytra larger, distinctly wider and longer than the prothorax in both

sexes. Body stouter, somewhat as in saginatus, the head relatively
small, very much narrower than the elytra, not longer than wide, sub-
orbicular, the eyes rather large but not very prominent, at a third more
than their own length from the base, the sides behind them moderately
converging and straight for a short distance, then very broadly rounded
to the rather broadly arcuato-truncate base ; prothorax slightly elongate,
stout, fully as wide as the head, widest at about apical two-fifths, the
sides very broadly rounded and only feebly converging toward base, the
latter unusually broad; elytra quadrate, convex, parallel, a third wider
and nearly a fourth longer than the prothorax; abdomen parallel, dis-
tinctly narrower than the elytra. Male with the apex of the fifth ven-
tral scarcely at all modified, the slit of the sixth subparallel and straight
at the sides, narrow and fully three times as deep as wide, the edges
finely and strongly beaded throughout, the bottom narrowly, parabolically
rounded, the adjoining surf ace of the segment scarcely at all impressed;
female not known. Length 5.3 mm. ; width 1.0 mm. Texas (exact local-
ity not recorded) texauns n. sp.

Elytra relatively smaller and especially narrower, subequal in length to the
prothorax 9

9 — Elytra with the basal angles only slightly exposed at base; head ob-
trapezoidal behind the eyes in the male; body slender. Head distinctly
elongate, the eyes small, at nearly twice their own length from the base,
very convex and prominent, the sides behind them rather strongly con-
vergent and straight for the length of the eyes, then moderately round-
ing to the neck, the base moderately wide ; antennae rufo-testaceous,
dusky for some distance near the middle; prothorax rather narrow,
much elongated and narrower than the head, widest before the middle,
the sides broadly arcuate ; elytra narrow and slightly elongate, parallel,
the sides broadly, feebly arcuate, only very slightly wider than the pro-
thorax and a little shorter than the latter, equal in width to the head;
punctures less coarse and distinct than in the two following species;
abdomen parallel, as wide as the elytra. Male with the fifth ventral

66 Trans. Acad. Set. of St. Louis.

unmodified, the slit of the sixth very narrow and deep, nearly four
times as deep as wide, its sides straight and parallel, the bottom evenly
and circularly rounded, the edges finely beaded; female unknown.

Length 4.8 mm.; width 0.8 mm. Iowa iowensis n. sp.

Elytra with the basal angles widely exposed at base; body stouter, the
head almost semicircularly rounded behind the eyes and slightly nar-
rower than the elytra 10

10 — .Body subparallel ; head very slightly longer than wide, the eyes rather

well developed but only moderately prominent, at about one-half more
than their own length from the base, the portion behind them semi-
circularly rounded from eye to eye, with feeble truncation at the neck;
pro thorax slightly elongate and a little narrower than the head; widest
at about a third from the apex, the sides broadly arcuate; base four-
fifths of the maximum width ; elytra quadrate, parallel, scarcely longer
than wide, equal in length to the prothorax and a fifth wider; abdomen
parallel, distinctly narrower than the elytra. Male with the slit of the
sixth ventral only moderately narrow, scarcely three times as deep as
wide, with its sides straight and parallel but arcuately converging in
anterior two-fiflhs, the bottom evenly, parabolically rounded; edges
finely beaded throughout; sixth ventral in the female strongly impressed
along the middle. Length 4.2-5.6 mm. ; width 0-78-1.0 mm. New York,

Virginia, North Carolina and Iowa littorarius Grav.

Body, head and ej'es throughout nearly as in littorarius, the sides of the
head behind the eyes more unevenly arcuate, becoming straighter near
the eyes; prothorax narrower, smaller and relatively more elongate, much
narrower than the head, the sides strongly, evenly arcuate, the base
narrower, three-fourths of the maximum width, the latter at fully two-
fifths from the apex; elytra slightly longer than wide, parallel, a fourth
wider than the prothorax and evidently a little longer; abdomen as wide
as the elytra. Male with the slit of the sixth ventral about three times
as deep as wide, having the form of a very narrow deep parabola, its
sides becoming almost parallel behind, the edges finely beaded and the
surface of the segment adjoining anteriorly slightly flattened; female
unknown. Length 5.2 mm. ; width 0.9 mm. Washington State.

pngetensis n. sp.

11 — Form slender, nearly parallel, the head rather narrow and elongate^

the eyes moderate in size, at about two-thirds more than their own
length from the base and only moderately prominent, the sides behind
them distinctly convergent to the neck, at first nearly straight, then
rather broadly rounded through the basal angles, the base moderately
broadly truncate, the head similar throughout in the sexes; prothorax
distinctly elongate-oval, a little narrower than the head, widest before
the middle, with the sides broadly arcuate; elytra slightly wider than
the head, the sides subparallel, the apex rather distinctly and angularly
emarginate, not quite as long as wide and scarcely as long as the pro-
thorax in the male, quadrate and equal in length to the latter in the
female; abdomen as wide as the elytra. Male with the slit of the sixth
ventral fully three times as deep as wide, parallel, its sides nearly
straight but gradually and parabolically converging anteriorly, the
edges finely and strongly beaded, the bead bounded externally by a fine

Casey — A Revision of the American Paederini. 67

strong canaliculation throughout; female with the sixth ventral strongly
and narrowly impressed along the middle posteriorly. Length 4.5-
5.9 mm.; width 0.75-0.8 mm. Rhode Island (Boston Neck) and New
York (Long Island) canonicus n. sp.

The descriptions have been taken from the male unless the
contrary is expressed or evident. Texanus, which is prob-
ably from the eastern or central parts of the state, resembles
the El Paso saginatus considerably, but, besides the coloration
of the legs, it differs in having the eyes larger and much less
prominent and the part of the head behind them shorter,
with less converging sides and much more broadly rounded
basal angles, with certain other differences, the comparisons
being made from the male. Canonicus may be distinguished
from littorarius by its slightly more slender form and dis-
tinctly smaller and shorter elytra.

Leucopaederus n. gen.

This genus differs from Paederus and Paederillus in a
number of characters, no one of which would perhaps be
sufficient to qualify it, but which, in their summation, seem
to be amply sufficient to demonstrate its generic isolation.
When color alone, for example, is so constant a feature as we
know it to be in Paederillus, this alone becomes an important
and very significant distinction, but when this is supplemented
by the much larger eyes, relatively small head and protho-
rax, with the abdomen more gradually acuminate at apex and
the much larger elytra, together with the rather different
form of the prothorax, there can be but little doubt of the
propriety or necessity of the course here suggested. The
labrum in Leucopaederus is truncate and wholly edentate at
apex, with a small and abruptly formed, parabolically rounded
and completely edentate emargination at the middle, the sur-
face adjoining the sinus being feebly swollen. We have at
present but a single species as follows : —

Form stout, moderately convex, polished, pale rufo-testaceous throughout
the body and legs, the elytra more brownish in tinge and the extreme
apex of the abdomen black; antennae piceous, gradually paler toward
base; head small, but little longer than wide, the eyes large, prominent

68 Trans. Acad. Set. of St. Louis.

at their own length from the base, the sides behind them strongly con-
vergent and evenly, circularly rounded to the neck, the base rather nar-
rovyly truncate ; prothorax slightly narrower than the head, somewhat
elongate, the sides rounded anteriorly, becoming thence parallel and
straight in the male, or feebly convergent and slightly arcuate in the
female, to the rounded basal angles ; elytra large, quadrate in the male
or very slightly longer than wide in the female, a half to three-fourths
wider and two-flfths longer than the prothorax, parallel, with the sides
nearly straight, the basal angles very broadly exposed at base and only
narrowly rounded, the punctures only moderately coarse and unusually
sparse; abdomen much narrower than the elytra in the male but nearly
as wide as the latter in the female. Male with the fifth ventral unmodi-
fied, the slit of the sixth not more than twice as deep as wide, with its
sides parallel and nearly straight posteriorly, becoming oval anteriorly,
the edges finely beaded and the surface throughout beyond the bead
narrowly and feebly Impressed ; sixth ventral of the female broadly and
very feebly impressed along the middle. Length 4.0-5.1 mm.; width
0.9-1.0 mm. California (Yuma) and Arizona (East Bridge), nstns Lee.

I found this species in enormous numbers in hoof prints
partially filled with decomposing vegetable matter, in the
sands of the river bank on the Indian reservation opposite
Yuma, Arizona. A few species of Leucopaederus occur also
in Mexico, one of which has been described by Dr. Sharp.

Lathrobia.

The distinguishing characters of this, the largest sub tribe
of the Paederini, are the abbreviated prosternal intercoxal
piece, and the strongly dilated anterior tarsi, which it pos-
sesses in common with the Dolicaones and Paederi, and the
conical and generally pointed or aciculate fourth joint of the
maxillary palpi, by which it differs from both of those sub-
tribes. Otherwise there is great variety in structure and
facies, from the impunctate and polished Dacnochilus^ to the
densely and confluently sculptured Domewe, and, in size, from
the larger forms of Glyptomerus and Eulathrohium to the
diminutive Lathrolepta. The eyes are present and generally
moderately developed, except in Glyptomerus^ where the
normally faceted eye is replaced by a small whitish area in
which the chitinous integument is evidently very thin, un-
doubtedly conveying a general impression of light to the
oephalic ganglia and homologous with the smaller whitish

Casey — A Revision of the American Paederini. 69

sensitive spot in Scofonomus, of the Dolicaones. The widely
dilated anterior tarsi are densely clothed beneath with large
whitish pads, composed of peculiar flattened and multinucle-
ated submembranous hairs. The gular sutures are invari-
ably separated but vary in form and direction, affording good
generic characters. The nmeteen genera described below ^^^-^^^>^^
from material in my cabinet are^divisible into at least four dis-
tinct groups represented by Lathrobium, Lathrotaxis, Domene
and Dacnochilus, and are about equally diffused through the
old and new continents : —

Labium broadly rounded, edentate, having a broad and gradually formed
angulate emargination, the angle at the bottom usually with a minute
denticle as in some Paederi; integuments densely sculptured and sub-
opaque anteriorly. Body rather slender, parallel and unusually convex,
moderately large in size, the head well developed, oval, subcircularly
rounded at base, the eyes moderately small, anterior; labrum short and
transverse; maxillary palpi moderately long and thick, the third joint
obconic, the fourth narrow, conical and acute; gular sutures arcuately
converging for a short distance, then becoming straight, parallel and
approximate to the base; antennae moderately long, thick, the joints
rounded in outline toward base; neck about a third as wide as the head;
prosternum moderately long before the coxae, carinate posteriorly;
prothorax elongate-oval, the angles obliterated, the head and pronotum
densely, confluently sculptured; elytra short, small, as wide as the
prothorax and shorter, apparently subconnate, the sides broadly round-
ing to the base, the basal angles obliterated and the hind wings proba-
bly vestigial, the sculpture coarsely, confusedly punctured and shining;
abdomen minutely, densely punctulate; legs rather long and slender,
the hind tarsi slender, filiform, nearly as in Linolathra, the two basal
joints each notably elongate, equal and slightly shorter than the fifth.
Europe *Domene

Labrum bilobed and edentate; integuments more or less strongly and
sparsely punctate 2

Labrum broadly rounded, dentate or edentate, having an abruptly formed
deep angulate emargination at the middle; integuments subglabrous,
subimpunctate and highly polished 23

2 — Elytra without a lateral fold 3

Elytra with a longitudinal fold on the deflexed flanks parallel with the side
margin 16

3 — The normal faceted eye wholly obsolete; species large, parallel; head
large, broadly arcuato-truncate at base, the labrum broadly lobed, the
lobes narrowly rounded laterally, the broad median angulation not
attaining the base; maxillary palpi long and slender, the fourth joint
evenly, conically pointed; gular sutures broadly, feebly arcuate, widely
separated anteriorly but gradually convergent to the base, at and be-
fore which they became virtually confluent; eye-spots obliquely fusi-

70 Trans. Acad. Sci. of St. Louis,

form ; antennae long and slender, the narrowed bases or pedicels of
the joints strongly compressed; neck two-fifths as wide as the head;
prosternum feebly carinate almost to the apex; legs thick, the hind
tarsi long and very slender, with the basal joint extremely short, the last
joint much the longest; claws long and slender; integuments shining,
sparsely and not very coarsely punctate, the punctures of the elytra
confused and not seriate; anterior angles of the prothorax rounded
and obliterated, the elytra generally shorter than the prothorax.

Europe *Glyptomerus

The eyes normal and distinctly faceted i

i — Body normally convex, the fourth joint of the maxillary palpi small
and acute; antennae moderate in length, with the joints not or only very

feebly compressed at base 5

Body strongly depressed; maxillary palpi slender, the fourth joint much
larger than usual, conical, with the apex truncate; eyes small; anten-
nae long and rather stout, the joints compressed at base 15

5 — Neck broad, seldom evidently less than half as wide as the head and

generally more than half 6

Neck narrow, about a third as wide as the head 13

6 — Hind tarsi longer and more slender, the basal joint much shorter than

the second, the fifth very much shorter than the first four combined. . 7

Hind tarsi shorter and stouter, the first and second joints subequal, the

first four differing but little among themselves and together frequently

but little longer than the fifth 10

7 — Elytra very short, from one-half to two-thirds as long as the prothorax,

with the basal angles obsolete; hind wings wanting or vestigisl; abdo-
men more strongly, never densely punctate. Body moderately large in
size, parallel and rather stout, the labram short, broadly and angularly
emarginate throughout its width at apex; maxillary palpi rather long,
not inflated, the fourth joint narrowly aciculate; eyes moderately small;
gular sutures rather widely separated, parallel; antennae moderate in
length, very stout but with the joints obconical, the basal joint robust;
prosternum moderately developed before the coxae; prothorax well
developed, with the apical angles more or less distinct, the head broadly
truncate at base, the angles rounded; neck wide, distinctly more than

half as wide as the head. America Apteralium

Elytra varying in length from decidedly longer to distinctly shorter than the
prothorax, always having the basal angles distinct and probably never
connate, the hind wings present; abdomen always very minutely
punctate 8

8 — Eyes very small, the head large, much wider than the elytra, truncate at

the neck which is less than half as wide, the angles very broadly
rounded; labrum very nearly as in the preceding genus, the maxillary
palpi moderately long, with the third joint rather inflated distally and
pedunculate basally, the fourth slender and aciculate; gular sutures
strongly impressed, straight, moderately widely separated anteriorly,
gradually converging to the base where they are most approximate and
rather narrowly separated; antennae well developed and moderately
thick, the joints obconical; prosternum rather long before the coxae;
legs somewhat slender; posterior tarsi filiform, with the basal joint
relatively larger than in Lathrobium. Eastern America .... Abletobinm

Casey — A Revision of the American Paederini. 71

Eyes normally developed; neck never less and frequently more than half as
wide as the head; prosternum short and broad before the coxae; labrum
short, reclilinearly truncate at apex, with a rounded median sinus, the
lobes broad and feebly oblique at their apical margin; antennae varia-
ble, stout to rather slender; head broadly arcuato -truncate at base. . 9

9 — Body parallel, more or less stout, the gular sutures nearly straight,

feebly converging from apex to base, near which they are most approx-
imate, sometimes widely separated and parallel; head well developed
but never wider than the elytra; prothorax oblong, with the anterior
angles more or less distinct; elytra generally shorter in the male than
in the female; body large to moderate in size, the sculpture rather
coarse and sparse, except that of the abdomen which is minutely

punctate. Cosmopolitan Lathrobium

Body slender and fusiform, moderate in size, sculptured nearly as in
Lathrobium; gular sutures parallel, arcuate, generally widely separated
and most approximate at or slightly before the middle of the post-oral
surface; head small; prothorax oblong, with the apical angles moder-
ately distinct; elytra larger than in Lathrobium. America.. Litolathra

10 — Gular sutures rather widely separated, parallel and straight to the base.

Body slender, normally convex, the head well developed but not as wide
as the elytra, broadly arcuato-truncate at base, with broadly rounded
angles, the neck a little less than half as wide, the eyes rather small but
unusually convex and prominent; labrum obliquely bilobed, the lobes
rather narrowly rounded at tip; maxillary palpi rather short but nearly
as in Lathrobium, the third joint obconic; antennae moderately thin, the
joints elongate, subcylindric, rather rapidly narrowed at base; proster-
num rather long in front of the coxae; prothorax oblong-elongate, with
the angles distinct, the elytra oblong, parallel, with prominent basal
angles and feebly subserial punctures, longer and wider than the pro-
thorax ; abdomen parallel, the sides straight, the sculpture very fine and
dense; legs short, moderately stout; body small in size. Europe.

*Tlirobalinin

Gular sutures parallel and arcuate, rather widely separated, most approxi-
mate at or near the middle of the post-oral surface; labrum broadly,
obliquely bilobed, the apex broadly and subangularly emarginate
throughout the width H

Gular sutures very widely separated, most approximate anteriorly, thence
gradually diverging to the base where they are most remote; labrum
narrowly, deeply and angularly cleft in the midille, the lobes each sub-
quadrate in form with its apex obliquely truncate 12

11 — Body parallel, moderately slender and decidedly depressed, small in

size, the head subquadrate, rectilinearly truncate at base throughout
the width, the angles right and not evideuUy rounded; eyes moderately
developed, slightly prominent; maxillary palpi short, the third joint
inflated toward tip; antennae rather long, moderately stout, the joints
obconic; neck wide, three-fifths as wide as the head; prosternum short
before the coxae; prothorax short and broad, with the apical angles
well defined, the polished median line being defined by series of punc-
tures; elytra oblong, longer and wider than the prothorax, with well-

72 Trans. Acad. Set. of St. Louis.

defined basal angles, punctured in regular series; legs moderately short,
decidedly slender; abdomen minutely sculptured. America.

Lathrobiopsis
Body parallel, normally convex, slender, shining, rather small in size,
sculptured as in Lathrobium ; head well developed, parallel or gradu-
ally wider toward base, the latter broadly arcuato-truncate, the angles
rounded; eyes rather small to moderate in size; maxillary palpi
moderately long and not very stout or decidedly inflated; antennae
generally very stout and submoniliform, the basal joint thick; neck
generally a little more than half as wide as the head ; pro^ternum some-
what longer before the coxae than in Lathrobium; prothorax suboblong-
elongate, with the apical anj^les moderately distinct; elytra longer or
shorter than the prothorax, the punctures frequently arranged in uneven
series; abdomen parallel, with the sides straight; legs thick and rather
short. America Lathrobioma

12 — Body slender, parallel, moderately convex,verysraalllnsize, coarsely and

sparsely sculptured, the head broadly truncate at base, with narrowly
rounded angles, the eyes small and anterior; maxillary palpi short, the
third joint inflated; antenuae moderately long but stout and submonili-
form ; neck half as wide as the head ; prosternum rather long in front
of the coxae, the prothorax oblong-elongate, with the sides rounded at
apex; elytra shorter than the prothorax, with the punctures rather con-
fused in arrangement; legs moderate in length and thickness; abdomen
parallel. America — Lathrolepta

13 — Posterior tarsi larger and more elongate, with the first joint distinctly

shorter than the second. Body larger, broader and more fusiform,
■with the head relatively small, rounded at base, the eyes more or less
well developed, the antennae long, slender, filiform, not incrassate dis-
tally, the labrum short, truncate, with a small and broadly angular
median emargination, the lobes usually broadly, feebly oblique poste-
riorly and inwardly ; gular sutures widely separated, distinct; proster-
num moderately developed before the coxae; neck one -third as wide
as the head; abdomen minutely, densely punctate and dull; elytral punc-
tures irregular, never serial - 14

Posterior tarsi smaller, more slender and filiform, the first joint distinctly
longer than the second, the fifth about as long as the first two combined-
Body smaller, extremely slender, linear and subparallel, the head
relatively larger, oblong-elongate, arcuately truncate at base, with the
angles rounded, the eyes rather well developed; labrum short, truncate*
much narrowed at base, with the usual small median emargination, the
lobes narrowly rounded externally; maxillary palpi shorter, somewhat
strongly inflated, the fourth joint strongly retractile; gular sutures
moderately separated, feebly arcuate, slightly diverging toward base,
effaced throughout and traceable only by the arrangement of the
punctures; antennae moderately thick, distinctly incrassate di&tally;
prosternum much elongated before the coxae; prothorax much elon-
gated, with the angles rounded ; elytral puncturesj disposed in coarse
impressed regular lines; anterior tarsi less strongly dilated; neck rather
more than a third as wide as the head; legs rather short and slender.
Europe *F8eudobiuin

Casey — A Revision of the American Paederini. 73

14 — Gular sutures nearly straight, feebly converging posteriorly through-
out and most approximate at or near the base of the head ; maxillary
palpi unusually elongate and slender, the fourth joint very slender and
aciculate. Europe and America Tetartopens

Gular sutures arcuate, mo^t approximate at or before the middle of the head,
gradually diverging thence to the base; maxillary palpi rather lesa
elongate and stouter; head nearly similar; species small in size.
America Deiatopeus

15— Parallel, the neck wide, rather more than half as wide as the head,
the latter transversely truncate at base, the labrum deeply and broadly
cleft to the base, the lobes long, moderately diverging, parallel, slightly
everted and evenly rounded at tip; fourth palpal joint evenly conical,
not compressed; gular sutures widely separated, parallel, becoming
feebly convergent toward base, where they are most approximate ;
antennae half as long as the body; prothorax short and broad, with
the apical angles distinct, the prosterum short before the coxae as in
Lathrobium; elytra a little wider and longer than the prothorax, with
the punctures subserial in arrangement; legs rather short and stout,
the hind tarsi moderately long and slender, with the first, third and
fourth joints subequal, the second a little longer, the fifth as long as
the preceding four combined; claws unusually long and strong.
Europe * Acheninm

Parallel and rather broad, nearly as in Achenium, the head, prothorax and
elytra proportioned almost similarly; labrum very short, the emargina-
tion extending throughout the width, the sides not lobiform; gular
sutures parallel and broadly arcuate, not very widely separated and
most approximate at the middle; fourth palpal joint compressed; neck
fully three -fifths as wide as the head; elytral punctures confused, not
at all serial in arrangement; legs rather long, moderately stout, the
hind tarsi long, slender, with the basal joint much elongated, subequal
in length to the next two combined and longer than the fifth.
Europe *Sciinbalium

16 — Gular sutures less separated, converging posteriorly, becoming most

approximate at or near the base of the head; basal joint of the hind
tarsi distinctly shorter than at the second 17

Gular sutures parallel, broadly arcuate to nearly straight, most approxim-
ate at or near the middle of the post-oral surface or at least distinctly
before the base 1^

Gular sutures generally more widely separated, most approximate ante-
riorly, gradually more or less divergent posteriorly, becoming most
distant at the base 1^

17 —Body large, stout, parallel, the head arcuato-truncate at base, with very

broadly rounded obsolete angles, the neck but little more than a
third as wide; lobes of the labrum obliquely subquadrate; prothorax
oblong-suboval, the anterior angles rounded; abdominal segments
feebly impressed at base; legs and tarsi thick. Eastern America.

Enlathrobiam

Body rather large, more slender and convex, parallel, the head circularly

rounded or feebly subtruncate behind, the neck about two-flfths as

wide; lobes of the labrum evenly rounded throughout their contour;

74 Trans. Acad. Sci. of St. Louis.

prothorax elongate-oval, the angles obliterated; abdominal segments
strongly, transversely impressed at base; legs and tarsi rather slender.
Pacific coast of America Lathrotropis

18 — Body somewhat small in size, more or less slender and less convex,

parallel, the head oval or subquadrate, with the basal angles more or
less rounded; eyes rather small in size, anterior; labrum short, the
lobes widely divergent, more narrowly rounded laterally ; maxillary
palpi slender and elongate, not inflated; antennae more or less slender
and elongate, the joints obconical; neck always noticeably less than
half as wide as the head; prosteroum rather long before the coxae, fre-
quently feebly carinate throughout the length; prothorax more or less
narrow and elongate-oval, with the anterior angles broadly rounded or
obliterated, the punctures generally dense and confused, with the
median impunctate line frequently subelevated; elytra frequently
longer and wider than the prothorax, the punctures generally feebly
sublineate; legs rather long and slender; tarsi as in the preceding

genera. Europe and America Lobrathium

Body larger in size and less punctate ; posterior tarsi rather shorter but more
or less slender, the first joint subequal to the second and each longer
than either the third or fourth, the fifth subequal in length to the first
two together; body moderately large in size, rather broad, moderately
convex, the head generally distinctly narrower than the elytra, broadly
arcuato-truncate at base, the angles rather distinct and more or less
narrowly rounded; eyes well developed; labrum with a large triangular
notch, the lobes obliquely subquadrate, each subrectilinear at apex;
maxillary palpi more or less elongate, not inflated, the fourth joint con-
ical and acutely pointed; neck broad, more than half as wide as the
head; antennae rather long and slender as a rule, filiform; presternum
short before the coxae ; prothorax more or less oblong or obtrapezoidal,
moderately elongate, with the anterior angles distinct; elytra larger than
the prothorax, with the punctures generally sparse and always lineate
in arrangement; legs rather long and slender. America. . -Lathrotaxis

19 — First and second joints of the hind tarsi equal or with the first a little

longer than the second 20

First joint of the ^ind tarsi much shorter than the second 22

20 — Hind tarsi shorter, the four basal joints short and subequal, the fifth

moderate; anterior tarsi feely dilated. Body very small, slender, rather
depressed, the head small, broadly arcuato-truncate at base, the labral
lobes thick, subquadrate, with rounded angles; eyes rather small; max-
illary palpi short and stout, the third joint somewhat inflated; gular
sutures very widely separated and strongly divergent, being separated
at base by about a third the width of the head; antennae rather long
and thick, the joints obconic; neck half as wide at the head; prester-
num short; prothorax short, oblong, the angles acutely defined, the
median impunctate area defined by impressed lines; elytra well devel-
oped as a rule, longer and wider than the prothorax; abdomen gene-
rally opaque and very densely punctulate. Eastern America.

Fsendolathra
Hind tarsi long, the two basal j oints more elongate 21

21 — Hind tarsi stout toward base, the fifth joint much elongated, the an-

Casey — A Revision of the American Paederini. 75

terior strongly dilated. Body moderately small, rather stout, notably
convex, the head moderately small, arcuato-truncate at base, the eyes
well developed, the labral lobes somewhat large, subcircularly rounded ;
maxillary palpi rather long and thick but not inflated; gular sutures
rather widely separated but almost parallel, very feebly diverging from
near the apex to the base; antennae very long, slender and filiform;
neck half as wide as the head; prosternum moderately short, the pro-
thorax broad and short, oblong, the angles moderately defiued ; elytra
moderate, slightly larger than the prothorax, the punctures lineate;
abdomen broad, densely dull; legs rather slender, Western America.

Paralathra

Hind tarsi very slender, filiform, the two basal joints relatively much
elongated, the first frequently a little longer than the second. Body
small, slender, subparallel and convex, the head rather well developed
though always narrower than the elytra, the eyes moderately large ,
the labrum short, very broadly emarginate throughout the width, the
lobes broadly, obliquely truncate, narrowly rounded externally; gular
sutures moderately distant, very feebly diverging posteriorly and gene-
tally obliterated, being traceaole only by the punctuation; maxillary
palpi rather long and stout; antennae moderate in length and generally
rather thick, the joints obconic; neck distinctly less than half as wide
as the head; prothorax rather small, oblong, with the angles distinct;
elytra variable but always much wider than the prothorax and never
shorter, the sculpture always very sparse and lineate; abdomen slender,
the punctures not very dense. America, except the Pacific coast fauna.

Linolathra

22 — Body more or less fusiform, moderately small in size and of the usual
convexity; head small, arcuato-truncate at base, the eyes generally
well developed, the labral lobes wide, subcircularly rounded ante-
riorly; gular sutures widely separated, more or less rapidly diverging
from near the apex to the base; palpi more or less short and thick;
neck half as wide as the head ; antennae moderately long, rather thick,
the joints obconic; prothorax moderately large, oblong, the angles gen-
erally rather distinct; elytra always well developed, longer and wider
than the prothorax, the punctuation linear; abdomen rather broad,
minutely, very densely punctate and densely dull as a rule; legs mod-
erately long and slender. America • • • Lathrobiella

Body parallel and rather convex, nearly as in Lathrobioma, small in size, the
head well developed, as wide as the elytra, broadly arcuato-truncate at
base, the eyes small in size ; labrum short, broadly emarginate throughout
the width, the lobes rather narrowly rounded externally; palpi moderately
long andthick ; gular sutures widely separated, arcuate, distinctly diverg-
ing from near the apex to the base, where they are separated by a fourth
or fifth of the total width ; antennae moderate in length, very thick, with
the joints but little longer than wide; neck half as wide as the head;
prothorax rather elongate, suboblong, with the angles distinct; elytra
small, shorter than the prothorax, the basal angles as usual and not
rounded; abdomen not densely punctulate, the segments not at all
impressed at base; legs moderate in length, somewhat slender. East-
ern America Microlathra

76 Trans, Acad. Sci. of St. Louis.

23 — Form slender, parallel, moderately convex, the tactile setae at the sides
of the body small and feebly developed; head moderate, not quite
as wide as the elytra, broadly arcuato-truncate at base, with the
angles not rounded; front normal; eyes well developed; maxil-
lary palpi moderately long, the third joint slightly inflated, the fourth
acute and slender toward apex; gular sutures widely separated; most
approximate anteriorly, before the middle strongly arcuate, diverging
widely to the base; antennae rather slender but very gradually and
distinctly incrassate, the joints obconic; labrum edentate; neck barely
two- fifths as wide as the head; prosternum short before the coxae;
prothorax short, obtrapezoidal, with the angles distinct; elytra but little
longer or wider than the prothorax, with a few fine punctures arranged
serially; abdomen parallel, finely, sparsely sculptured; legs rather long,
slender; posterior tarsi slender, filiform, the first joint elongate, the
first four decreasing in length, the fifth about as long as the first. Sub-
tropical America Dacnochilns

Form very stout and short, broadly convex, the lateral tactile setae long
and conspicuous; head very short, much wider than long, trapezoidal;
eyes moderate or rather small; frontal margin somewhat advancing far
above the base of the labrum, broadly rounded; labrum bidentate;
maxillary palpi rather small and slender, the third joint but very feebly
inflated; gular sutures as in Dacnocliilus , widely separated, strongly
arcuate, most approximate a little before the middle, thence more widely
diverging to the base than to the apex; antennae rather short, slender
and subfiliform; neck relatively slender, not more than a third as wide
as the head; prothorax short and transverse, the angles distinct; elytra
short and transverse but longer than the prothorax, irapunctate;
abdomen short and broad, very densely punctulate and dull, gradually
narrowed posteriorly; legs relatively short and slender, the tarsi nearly
as in Dacnochilus but shorter. Tropical and subtropical North and South
America Acalopliaena

Of the genera described in the above table not occurring
within the geographical limits of this study, attention might
be directed to the superficial similarity between Glyptomerus
Miill (= TypJdobiiun Kr.), Domene Fauv., and the American
ApteraMum, they all having short, in some cases possibly sub-
connate, elytra and vestigial or wholly al)orted wings, judg-
ing from their external f acies. Throhalium Rey, has the usual
habitus, but the very small Pseudobium Rey, is of peculiar
appearance, being unusually slender, with the coarse punc-
tures of the elytra arranged in regular lines which are rather
strongly impressed, more so than in any American genus;
there is also a notable extension of the prosternum before
the coxae. The two genera Achenium Curtis, and Scitiiba-
lium Er., are evidently related by their general characters,

Casey — A Revision of the American Paederini. 77

although differing so radically iu the structure of the labrum
and hind tarsi. Their very depressed form seems to be cor-
related in some way with the very long antennae, and the
entire facies bespeaks a habitat under the bark of trees. It
is interesting to note, in this connection, the very long an-
tennae pertaining to many other very depressed subcortical
beetles — notably Laemophloeus, a condition brought about
undoubtedly from necessities of this special environment. It
is rather singular that the true affinities of Domene should
have been overlooked by the European observers, excepting
Eey, the peculiar dense sculpture having probably suggested
a relationship with the Stilici, for it is evidently very close to
LatJirohiuin. The genus DacnocMlus, although differing
rather radically in the labrum and form of the prothorax, is
really closely allied to Linolathra, as shown by the hind
tarsi, gular sutures, sculpture and general facies. Acalophaeiia
is a still more specialized form, of remarkably broad and
compact build, with long bristling tactile setae at the sides of
the body.

Apteralium n. gen.

As before remarked, this genus reminds us considerably of
Glyptomerus and Domene in its very short elytra with obsolete
humeral angles. The hind wings are wanting and represented
by very minute vestigial fillets that are wholly inconspicuous ;
the elytra are however not connate. Apteralium differs from
Glyptomerus, not only in the rather distinct and not obsolete
anterior angles of the prothorax, but in the presence of well
developed normal eyes and in the much shorter antennae,
also in the relatively much less minute basal joint of the hind
tarsi and more widely separated parallel gular sutures. We
have two very distinctly characterized species as follows : —

Body moderately stout, dark piceo-rufous to piceous-black in color
throughout, the legs and antennae rufous; head well developed, slightly
wider than the elytra but only just visibly wider than the prothorax in
the male, equal to the latter in the female, parallel and nearly straight
at the sides, the basal angles moderately rounded; gular sutures
straight; punctures coarse and very sparse, rather closer toward the
sides; eyes at fully three times their own length from the base; pro-

78 Trans. Acad. Sci. of St. Louis.

thorax about a fifth longer than wide, a little shorter in the female, the
sides distinctly converging from the slightly obtuse apical angles to the
base and nearly straight, the punctures coarse, very sparse and irregu-
larly disposed, the broad median smooth area not defined by series;
elytra slightly narrower than the prothorax and half as long in the male,
equal to the latter in width and three-fifths as long in the female; the
sides slightly diverging posteriorly from the humeri, which are not
very broadly rounded; punctures smaller than those of the prothorax
and less sparse, disposed in very uneven series, sometimes irregular;
abdomen parallel, equal in width to the elytra in both sexes, shining,
the punctures fine and not dense. Male with ventrals two to four nar-
rowly and very feebly impressed along the middle, the fifth having
a broader deep parallel impression bounded by tumid sides and not
attaining the base, the apical margin with a feeble shallow rounded
sinus, the impression narrowly shining and glabrous along the median
line ; sixth ventral broadly, feebly lobed at tip, the lobe with a small
shallow rounded sinus at its middle, the surface tumid apically and
impressed basally at the middle, the lateral slopes of the tumidity more
densely clothed with black pubescence ; female with the sixth ventral
strongly lobed at apex, the lobe evenly rounded. Length 8.0.-9.6 mm. ;

width 1.1 mm. Iowa and Missouri brevipenue Lee.

Body shorter and much stouter, black in color throughout, the legs and
antennae dark rufous; head shorter and broader in form, large, much
wider than the elytra in both sexes, the eyes nearly similar, the sides
behind them shorter, parallel and arcuate, the basal angles very broadly
rounded; antennae stout and filiform; gular sutures feebly arcuate, the
punctures coarse and less sparse ; prothorax slightly longer than wide,
slightly narrower than the head, only slightly narrowed from the apical
angles, which are broadly rounded, to the basal angles which are also
notably rounded, the punctures coarse but much more close- set, the
median smooth line much narrower; elytra about three-fifths as long as
the prothorax in both sexes and distinctly narrower, the sides more
strongly diverging from the more broadly rounded basal angles and
very feebly arcuate ; punctures strong and sparse and irregularly dis-
posed; abdomen shining, parallel, as wide as the elytra, finely and not
very closely punctate. Male with ventrals two to four wholly unmodi-
fied, the fifth very feebly impressed along the middle from apex to base,
gradually more narrowly to the base, the bottom not glabrous along
the median line and the sides not tumid, the apex feebly sinuate along
the impression in about median third ; sixth segment almost unmodified,
having a rather narrow and very feeble parallel impression along the
middle throughout, the apex very broadly, feebly arcuate, the middle
third becoming gradually very feebly sinuato-truncate; female with
the sixth ventral moderately lobed at tip, the lobe rather narrowly
rounded. Length 8.0 mm.; width 1.28 mm. North Carolina (High-
lands) carolinae n. sp.

The second species differs very greatly from hrevipeniie in
in its shorter and broader form, more broadly rounded angles

Casey — A Revision of the American Faederini. 79

of the head, prothorax and elytra, radically in the sexual
characters, and, to an unexpected degree, in the form of the
gular sutures.

Abletobiuni n. gen.

This genus is founded upon a rather small species, having
some characters which ally it rather closely with Apteralium .
The short elytra are flat and appear to be very closely joined
along the suture, as though it also might be apterous, but the
basal angles are more distinctly defined, although slightly
rounded. In its large head it also reminds us of the preced-
ing genus and the very small eyes are perhaps suggestive of
Glyptomerus. The type and only known species may be
described as follows from the male : —

Form parallel, moderately convex, the elytra depressed, uniform pale testa-
ceous in color throughout the body, legs and antennae and shining in
lustre; head large, very much wider than the prothorax or elytra, the
sides behind the very small anterior eyes parallel and broadly, evenly
arcuate, the basal angles very broadly rounded, the base becoming
transverse along the neck; antennae rather long, though somewhat
shorter than the head and prothorax, thick and filiform, the joints ob-
conic, the basal joint moderately stout; prothorax rather narrow and
distinctly elongate, the sides feebly but evidently converging from the
distinct; though evenly rounded, apical angles to the similarly rounded
basal angles and straight, the punctures similar to those of the head,
rather small but distinct, moderately sparse and irregularly disposed,
the smooth median line not defined by series; elytra as long as wide,
distinctly shorter and wider than the prothorax, the sides evidently
diverging from the very narrowely rounded basal angles and straight
the punctures not very fine but feeble, sparse and confusedly arranged;
abdomen parallel, fully as wide as the elytra, rather shining, the punc-
tures very fine, somewhat close-set but not dense; dorsal segments
not transversely impressed at base; legs rather long and slender. Male
with simple secondary sexual characters, the surface of the fifth and
sixth segments wholly unmodified, the apex of the sixth with a large
rounded sinus in median half, the sinus about four times as wide as
deep. Length 5.8 mm.; width 0.85 mm. Massachusetts, — Mr. F.
Blanchard pallescensn. sp. (Fvl. MS.)

I do not have the female before me at present, but it prob-
ably does not differ materially in general form. The pale
color of the type may be partially due to immaturity.

80 Trans. Acad. Set. of St. Louis.

Lathrobium Grav.

The o-eneral aspect of the numerous species of Lathrohium^
when compared with the related genera below, is stout, com-
pactly built and large or moderately large in size. There is
marked uniformity in these respects, giving the species a
habitus which enables us to generically identify them at once ;
but in many characters, even those of the gular sutures and
antennae, there is notable variety. The contrast between the
extremely thick antennae of armatum and related species,
and the long slender filiform antennae of gravidulum, for
example, is very remarkable, and, in the related genus
Litolathra, the antennae are still longer and more slender.
The gular sutures vary notably, from approximate and dis-
tinctly converging posteriorly, to widely separated and
parallel ; they are always straight or very nearly so however.
The elytra are sometimes distinctly wider and longer than the
prothorax in both sexes, but are frequently much shorter than
the prothorax, in which case the wings are probably more
or less curtailed or aborted. In the armatum group, and, in
all probability to a greater or less degree throughout the
genus, there is very little difference in form of the body or
relative size of the elytra in the two sexes, but, as far as
noted, the female is a little smaller and narrower than the
male, in opposition to a somewhat general rule. The species
are very abundant but have never been carefully worked out,
even in the European fauna, and have never been thoroughly
collected in America. They are especially abundant in the
northern Atlantic districts and appear to be somewhat local
in habitat.* Those species represented by material in my
cabinet may be described as follows : —

* Of those Lathrobia not having a pleural fold on the elytra, I have col-
lected 11 species in less than two weeks of August, on a small area of
about 100 acres in Rhode Island, and, from Mr. F. Blanchard, have
received 19 species taken in the immediate vicinity of Lowell, Mass. Only
6 species are common to these series, owing perhaps to the decidedly
warmer climate of the southern New England coast, but enough can be
inferred from this to prove that we hardly yet begin to know the species.

Casey — A Bevision of the American Paederini. 81

Antennae extremely stout, attenuated toward tip, the middle joints never
longer than wide, rounded at the sides and strongly constricted at
base ; body generally larger and stouter, the legs rather stout 2

Antennae stout, with the joints not distinctly longer than wide, but
obconic in form, the legs moderately stout 9

Antennae stout to moderately slender, generally rather shorter than the
head and prothorax, the joints distinctly elongate and obconic; legs
relatively rather slender to stout in form 14

2 — Elytra bicolored, black basally and red apically 3

Elytra unicolorous, black 6

3 — Elytra distinctly longer and wider than the prothorax in ijoth sexes,

black, shining, the elytra bright rufous, becoming black in basal two -
fifths; legs dark rufous, the antennae piceo-testaceous; head distinctly
wider than the prothorax in both sexes, nearly as wide as the elytra
in the male, evidently narrower in the female; eyes at between two and
three times their length from the base, the angles well rounded ; width
a little before the angles slightly greater than at the eyes; neck three-
fifths as wide as the head ; gular sutures rather narrowly separated,
feebly converging to the base; prothorax about a fourth longerjthan
wide, the angles all obviously rounded; the sides very feebly converging
and nearly straight; punctures like those of the head, rather coarse,
deep, irregular in arrangement and moderately sparse, broadly sparse
toward the middle of the head, the median smooth thoracic^line not
defined by punctured series; elytra large, parallel, slightly longer than
wide, the punctures coarse, deep, moderately sparse and arranged in
very irregular series; abdomen parallel, slightly narrower than the
elytra, finely and only moderately closely punctulate; legs moderately
stout. Male with the fourth and fifth ventrals narrowly and very feebly
impressed along the median line, the sixth also similarly impressed
along the middle toward base but very narrowly swollen toward apex,
the latter rectilinearly truncate, with a very small median sinus wider
than deep, the edges of which are callous and polished; surface of the
sixth segment more finely and sparsely punctulate and pubescent,
except the lateral slopes of the apical tumidity, which are clothed with
stiff black hairs; sixth segment of the female rather narrowly lobed
at tip. Length 10.0 mm.; width 1.5 mm. New York (^Hudson

Valley) amplipenne

Elytra equal or subequal in length to the prothorax 4

Elytra distinctly shorter than the prothorax 5

4 — Elytral punctures rather small, feebler and sparser and arranged in rather
well-defined series; body stout, parallel, shining, black, JJjthe elytra,
— gradually and nubilously toward apex — and the legs throughout,
rufous ; antennae rufo-piceous ; head large, only very slightly wider near
the base than at the eyes, the latter moderate; angles not very broadly
rounded ; neck three-fifths as wide as the head, the punctures moderately
coarse, deep and sparse toward the sides, very remotely scattered
elsewhere ; prothorax unusually large, scarcely visibly narrower than
the head, about a fifth longer than wide, the sides very feebly converg-
ing posteriorly throughout and nearly straight, the angles narrowly
rounded at apex, broadly at base ; punctures coarse but;not very deep,

82 Trans. Acad. Sci. of St. Louis.

impressed and sparse; elytra fully as Ions as the prothorax, at base
equal in width to the latter but a little narrower than the head, the sides
sensibly diverging from the basal angles to the apex and nearly straight,
slightly longer than wide, the punctures impressed; abdomen broad,
parallel, as wide as the elytra, minutely and not very closely
punctulate; legs moderately long and stout. Male unknown, the sixth
ventral of the female broadly and obtusely lobed at apex. Length
(contracted) 7.8 mm.; width 1.4 mm. New Jer.*ey..subaeqnale n. sp.

Elytral punctures closer, more distinct and not so obviously seriate; form
less stout, similar in coloration, the elytra gradually becoming rufous
in apical thiid; head much smaller, with the basal angles more broadly
rounded, equal in width to the prothorax and slightly narrower than the
eljtra, the sides more nearly parallel, similarly punctate; prothorax
smaller but otherwise nearly similar, the punctures rather stronger
and less sparse; elytra smaller, subparallel or only slightly broader
behind, not quite as long as the prothorax and distinctly wider through-
out, about as long as wide; abdomen as wide as the elytra, finely and
moderately densely punctulate; legs nearly similar. Male with the
fourth and fifth ventrals wholly unmodified, the sixth with a very narrow
and feeble impression along the median line, extending to about apical
third, the surface thence unmodified to the rectilinearly truncate apex,
except a very small feeble narrow tumidity at the margin, the edge not
distinctly modified. Length 10.0 mm.; width 1,3 mm. Illinois, New
York and Ontario pr«cerum n. sp.

5 — Form less stout than in the preceding species, rather strongly convex
and almost exactly parallel, polished, piceous-black in color, the elytra
rufous, becoming black near the base; legs rufous, the antennae
piceous; head large, quite distinctly wider than the elytra, slightly
broader near the base, the basal angles only moderately rounded;
punctures sparse but deep toward the sides, very remote elsewhere;
prothorax distinctly narrower than the head, a fourth longer than wide,
slightly narrowed posteriorly throughout, the angles rounded, the
punctures sparse, coarse and deep; elytra small, quadrate, subparallel,
equal in width to the prothorax and much shorter, very coarsely, only
moderately sparsely and irregularly punctate; abdomen parallel, not
quite as wide as the elytral apex, minutely and not very closely punctu-
late; legs stout. Male unknown; female with the sixth ventral obtusely
produced and roundly lobed at apex. Length 8.5 mm.; width 1.1 mm.
New Jersey, — Prof. J. B. Smith praelongnm n. sp.

6 Elytra more or less obviously longer and wider than the prothorax in

both sexes 7

Elytra equal in length to the prothorax or a lit tie shorter; legs rufous
throughout • 8

7 Large species^ the legs rufous in color, shining, the antennae ruf o-

piceous; punctures of the head and pronotum coarse, deep and moder-
ately sparse, of the elytra sensibly smaller but equally sparse, tending
to serial arrangement, of the abdomen very fine and rather dense; head
not quite as wide as the elytra, broader behind than at the eyes, the
angles only moderately broadly rounded; gular sutures approximate,
converging basally ; prothorax oblong, only very slightly narrower than

Casey — A Revision of the American Paederini. 83

the head, not more than a sixth longer than wide, the sides not distinctly
converging and very feebly arcuate, the angles rounded as usual ; elytra
large, rather longer than wide, somewhat longer and wider than the
prothorax, parallel; abdomen parallel, slightly narrower than the elytra;
legs rather long and only moderately stout. Male with the fifth ventral
entirely unmodified, the sixth narrowly and very feebly impressed in the
middle in nearly basal two-thirds, thence longitudinally and obtusely
tumid aloug the median line to the apex, which is truncate, with a very
minute, simple and shallow median sinus, five or six times as wide as
deep; female slightly more slender than the male. Length 9.5 mm.;
width 1.5 mm. New York (Hudson Valley) deceptiTUm n. sp.

Smaller species, the legs and antennae dark piceo-rufous, the surface
shining, the head and pronotum coarsely deeply and moderately sparsely
punctate, the punctures sparser toward the middle of the head, with the
smooth line of the pronotum as usual, those of the elytra slightly smaller
and rather sparser, not very definitely lineate, of the abdomen minute
and very close- set; head well developed, a little wider than the elytra
in the male, subequal to the latter in the female, wider near the base
than at the eyes, the angles moderately rounded; gular sutures less
approximate; prothorax rather small, distinctly longer than wide and
much narrower than the head, the angles somewhat distinct, the sides
feebly converging and nearly straight; elytra nearly a fourth longer
than wide, much wider and longer than the prothorax, parallel and
nearly straight at the sides; abdomen somewhat narrower than the
elytra, parallel. Male with the fifth ventral scarcely visibly flattened
along the median line, the sixth rather widely but very feebly im-
pressed throughout in continuation, the apex with a very broad shallow
sinus in almost median half and fully four times as wide as deep, the
bottom of the sinus transverse and with two very feeble rounded lobes,
having an intermediate minute and very feeble sinus; female with the
sixth ventral very broadly, obtusely lobed at apex. Length 7.0 mm.;
width 1.16 mm. Massachusetts, — Mr. F. Blanchard — and Michigan
(Detroit) spissicorne n. sp.

8 _ Form very stout, parallel, the elytra scarcely as long as wide ; legs
rather short and very stout; head large, equal in width to the elytra
and very slightly wider than the prothorax, formed as usual, the coarse
punctures very remote except toward the sides; prothorax as usual,
large, only slightly longer than wide, the punctures coarse, deep and
sparse, the sides feebly converging; elytra a little shorter and slightly
wider than the prothorax, coarsely and rather confusedly punctate ; abdo-
men very broad, as wide as the elytra, parallel, finely, rather densely
punctulate. Male with the fifth ventral wholly unmodified, the sixth with
a narrow and very feeble impression on the median line in more than basal
half, the surface very broadly and just visibly swollen thence to the
rectilinearly truncate and wholly unmodified apex, the pubescence a little
denser at each side of the swelling; female slightly narrower than the
male, with the sixth segment feebly and broadly lobed at tip. Length;
9.0 mm. ; width 1.5 mm. Massachusetts,— Mr. F. Blanchard, New York
(Long Island) and New Jersey (Orange) iiigrolncens n. sp.

Form narrower and more elongate, the elytra fully as long as the prothorax,

84 Trans. Acad. Sci. of St. Louis.

slightly longer than wide and with the sides diverging feebly from the
basal angles throughout; legs stout; integuments coarsely and sparsely
punctate anteriorly, the punctures of the elytra smaller, irregularly
disposed, of the abdomen very flue and moderately close-set; head in
the male as wide as the base of the elytra but narrower than the apex,
formed as usual but with the sides more rounded toward base; protho -
rax subequal in width to the head and base of the elytra, distinctly longer
than wide, feebly narrowed from apex to base; abdomen as wide as the
elytra, parallel. Male with the fifth ventral wholly unmodified, the
sixth narrowly flattened along the median line toward base, the surface
feebly and narrowly prominent in the middle at apex, the latter rectilin-
early truncate and unmodified throughout; female with the sixth
segment feebly lobed at tip. Length 9.8 mm.; width 1.4 mm. Illi-
nois armatum Say

9 — Head large, as wide as the elytra or wider; gular sutures moderately

separated, straight and parallel; elytra bicolored, red, black toward

base 10

Head small, narrower than the elytra, with more broadly rounded basal
angles; elytra uniform in color throughout and concolorous 11

10 — Form rather stout, parallel, normally convex, shining, black, the elytra

and legs bright rufous, the former black in rather less than basal half
toward the suture and less toward the sides; antennae obscure rufous;
head large, slightly wider near the base than at the eyes, the latter
moderate, the sides nearly straight with the angles moderately rounded;
punctures coarse, rather close-set toward the sides, almost wanting
on the vertex; prothorax a fourth longer than wide, much narrower
than the head, feebly narrowed posteriorly throughout, the sides nearly
straight, the angles rather well rounded; punctures coarse, moderately
sparse, confused, the smooth median line not defined by punctured
series; elytra more depressed, slightly elongate, about as long as the
prothor-ax and slightly wider, the sides nearly straight and feebly diverg-
ing from base to apex, the punctures less coarse than those of the
prothorax, rather sparse and confused; abdomen parallel, not quite as
wide as the elytral apex, the punctures minute and close-set. Male
wanting; female with the apex of the sixth ventral very broadly
rounded and briefly lobed. Length 7.0 mm.; width 1.1 mm. British

Columbia diyisum Leo.

Form nearly similar but more slender, the coloration, lustre and sculpture
similar, except that the punctures throughout are somewhat sparser;
head not so large, the sides parallel and nearly straight for almost
twice the length of the eyes behind the latter, the angles right and mod-
erately rounded as usual; antennae rufous, not as long as the head and
prothorax, thick, filiform, the median joints very slightly longer than
wide; prothorax nearly as in divisum but only slightly narrower than
the head, very feebly narrowed from apex to base ; elytra slightly wider
than the prothorax, equal in length to the latter in the female, a very
little shorter in the male, slightly longer than wide, the sides feebly
diverging from the base; abdomen as in divisum. Male with the fifth
and sixth ventrals unimpressed, the latter broadly arcuato-truncate at
apex, the surface at the apex with two small approximate tufts of short

Casey — A Revision of the American Paederini. 85

stiff black setae; female very nearly similar to the male, except the
slightly longer elytra with more diverging sides, the sixth ventral evenly
rounded and rather broadly lobed at tip. Length 6.5 mm. ; width 0.9
mm. California (Mendocino and Sta.Cruz Cos.)..fraiiciscanura n. sp.

11 — Gular sutures moderately separated and strongly converging posteriorly

to the base. Body elongate and rather slender, more depressed than in
the preceding species, parallel, dark and uniform piceous in color
throughout, the legs and antennae rufous; surface shining; punctuation
coarse, deep and sparse anteriorly, the smooth line of the pronotum
sometimes subobliterated anteriorly and with its surface more or less
uneven toward base; head subovul, fully as long as wide, the sides
parallel and feebly arcuate, tbe angles broadly rounded to the neck;
prothorax slightly elongate, a little wider than the head, parallel, the
sides feebly arcuate, the angles rather distinct; elytra small and de-
pressed, not quite as long as wide, distinctly shorter than the prothorax,
somewhat wider than the latter at base and distinctly so at apex, the
diverging sides nearly straight, the basal angles distinct, the punctures
not very coarse, very sparse and confused; abdomen parallel, as wide
as tbe elytral apex, the punctures minute and rather dense. Male un-
known; female with the sixth ventral narrowly and strongly lobed at tip,
the lobe narrowly rounded, the surface feebly and narrowly impressed
along the middle. Length 7.5 ram.; width 1.1 mm. New Hampshire.

picescens n. sp.
Gular sutures widely separated, straight and parallel to the base 12

12 — Elytra very much shorter than the prothorax, with the straight sides

strongly diverging from base to apex and the surface raiher depressed.
Body elongate, only moderately stout, shining, black throughout, the
legs and antennae rufous; punctures coarse and sparse anteriorly,
those of the elytra notably fiae, very sparse and confused, of the abdo-
men minute and dense ; head longer than wide, the sides parallel and
nearly straight for a long distance, the basal angles only moderately
broadly rounded; prothorax wider than the head, distinctly elongate,
parallel, the sides broadly, feebly arcuate, the angles rather distinct, the
broad median smooth area even, generally slightly impressed along the
median line toward base; elytra at base as wide as the prothorax or
slightly wider, at apex very distinctly wider, about as long as wide,
strongly and angularly emarginate at tip; abdomen parallel, scarcely
as wide as the elytral apex. Male unknown; female with the sixth
ventral strongly and rather narrowly lobed at tip, the apex of the lobe
rather broadly rounded, the surface feebly impreesed or flattened in the
middle toward tip. Length 7.8 mm.; width 10 mm. Wisconsin (Bay-
field), Montana (Kalispell), and Idaho (Coeur d'Aleae), — Mr. Wick-
ham longiventre n. sp.

Elytra not so greatly abbreviated and rather less strongly emarginate at
apex, with the sides subparallel and the surface less depressed 13

13 — Body rather stout, subparallel, deep black throughout, the legs and

antennae dark piceo-rufous; punctures of the head and pronotum deep
and distinct, sparse but only moderately coarse, of the elytra flue, .sparse
and confused, of the abdomen minute and close-set as in longiventre;
head slightly elongate, the sides parallel and straight for only half the

86 Trans. Acad. Sci. of St. Louis.

distance to the base, then broadly rounded to the neck; prothorax
slightly elongate, wider than the head, the sides parallel and scarcely
arcuate; elytra scarcely as long as wide, distinctly wider than the pro-
thorax at base and apex; abdomen as wide as the elytra. Male un-
known; female with the sixth ventral strongly and rather narrowly
lobed at tip, the lobe evenly and stronsly rounded at apex, with its sur-
face rather strongly convex aod not at all impressed. Length 7.0 mm. ;

width 1 . 1 mm. British Columbia yancouveri n. sp.

Body smaller, parallel, moderately stout, shining, piceous-black in color,
the legs and antennae pale rufous, sculptured nearly as in vancouveri,
the punctures anteriorly fully as small and still sparser, those of the
abdomen tven denser; head notably elongate and oval, the sides par-
allel and broadly arcuate, rounding more strongly at base to the neck;
prothorax distinctly wider than the head, oblong, parallel, slightly
elongate; elytra distinctly longer than wide, a little wider than the pro-
thorax throughout and only very slightly shorter; abdomen parallel, as
wide as the elytra. Male unknown; female with the sixth ventral
nearly a« in vancouveri. Length 5.7 mm. ; width 0.9 ram. Illinois.

illini n. sp.

14 — Species of the simile type, parallel or subparallel, rather large in size,

the antennae moderate in length and frequently stout, the elytral
punctures more or less tine, sparse and inconspicuous, the male ventral
characters conspicuous, the fifth and sixth segments more or less
strongly impressed, the latter also with a large distinct apical emargi-

nation ... 15

Species of the simplex type, parallel, the antennae but little less stout and
rather more elongate than in the preceding, rather large; ventral charac-
ters of the male inconspicuous, consisting of a very minute nick at the
middle of the apex of the truncate sixth segment and generally a very
fine linear impresrsion of the disk; elytral punctures generally coarse,
strong and conspicuous, the legs relatively more slender than usual.. 20

15 — Elytra as long as the prothorax 16

Elytra always shorter than the prothorax in both sexes 17

16 — Form stout, black, the elytra slightly piceous, the legs and antennae

duky testaceous, shining; head small, the sides parallel and straight
or very feebly arcuate for a long distance behind the eyes, the angles
broadly rounded; punctures not very coarse and extremely sparse, a
little less so at the sides; antennae thick, the medial joints strongly
obconic and less than one-half longer tban wide; neck a little more
than half as wide as the head; gular sutures widely separated, almost
straight and parallel; prothorax large, but litt'e longer than wide, dis-
tinctly wider than the head and correspondingly narrower than the
elytra, gradually feebly narrowed behind from apex to base; punctures
sparse, very much coarser than those of the head ; elytra exactly quad-
rate, parallel, equal in length to tlie prothorax, finely, sparsely and in-
conspicuously punctate; abdomen not quite as wide as the elytra,
minutely and very densely punctulate, dull in lustre. Male unknown;
female with the sixth ventral very broadly, obtusely lobed at apex, the
surface strongly convex, wholly unimpressed. Length 7.0 mm.; width
1.2 mm. Massachusetts, — Mr. Blanchard — and Canada.

obtusnm n. sp. (Fvl. MS.)

Casey — A Revision of the American Paederini. 87

Form very stout, shining, black tlirougiiout, the legs and antennae dull
rufous; head and elytra rather finely, very sparsely punctate, the pro-
notum hardly more coarsely and also very sparsely, the abdomen
minutely and densely punctulate; head small, longer than wide, the
sidts parallel and feebly arcuate, the angles broadly rounded; antennae
thick, the strongly obconic medial joints one-half longer than wide;
gular sutures moderately separated and feebly converging to the base;
prothorax broad, much wider than the head, slightly longer than wide,
the sides very nearly parallel, the angles rather rounded; elytra large,
distinctly wider and a little longer than the prothorax, slishtly longer
than wide, subparallel, the sides feebly arcuate, the surface rather
broadly impressed at each side of the suture; abdomen not quite as
wide as the elytra. Male with a distinct parallel impression in about
middle sixth of the fifth ventral, the sixth with a narrower, deeper and
more anteriorly attenuated impression, the apex having a triangular
emargination about as deep as wide, occupying the posterior part
of the impression, the edges of the notch thin, pale and membranous
at the bottom; female unknown. Length 7.3 mm.; width 1.4 mm.
Manitoba (Winnipeg) sparsellum n. sp.

17 _ Elytra not wider than the prothorax and very much shorter, the form of

the body more elongate and parallel 18

Elytra slightly wider than the prothorax and only a little shorter; body
stouter and less parallel ^^

18 — Elytra depressed, scarcely as long as wide, with the sides diverging

from the base; body black, shining; punctures of the head and elytra
rather small, sparse, those of the pronotum much coarser, only moder-
ately sparse, of the abdomen minute and very dense, the surface dull in
lustre; head moderate in size, the eyes at nearly three times their own
length from the base; angles broadly rounded, the sides parallel and
more or less arcuate; antennae stout, with the strongly obconic joints
one-half longer than wide ; prothorax large, a little wider than the head,
oblong, with the sides parallel and very slightly arcuate; elytra small,
barely as long as wide, depressed, the sides nearly straight and very
feebly diverging from the base ; abdomen fully as wide as the base of the
elytra. Male with the fifth ventral impressed in less than median third,
the impression wider than long, rounded anteriorly, not quite attaining
the base, the apex with a rounded shallow sinus bounding the im-
pression; sixth ventral with a narrower longitudinal impression,
the apex with a large, evenly rounded sinus, slightly wider than
deep and equal in width to the impression, the edges of the sinus nar-
rowly glabrous at the bottom, the impression clothed with short, very
stout spiculiform hairs. Length 8.0 mm.; width 1.1 mm. New Hamp-
shire (White Mts.) washingtoni n. sp.

Elytra normally convex, parallel, exactly quadrate; body polished, black
throughout, the legs bright, and the antennae dusky, rufous;
head moderate, the sides feebly arcuate, the angles broadly rounded;
antennae stout as in washingtoni; prothorax large, slightly wider than
the head, only slightly elongate, somewhat narrowed from apex to base,
the punctures much coarser than those of the head and elytra, which are
rather small, sparse; elytra equal in width to the prothorax and

88 Trans. Acad. Sci. of St. Louis.

distinctly shorter; abdomen not quite as wide as the elytra. Male with
the third and fourth ventrals narrowly and very feebly impressed along
the middle, the fifth more broadly and deeply so, the impression atten-
nuate anteriorly and not attaining the base, the apex with a shallow,
circularly rounded sinus in median third; sixth ventral narrowly and
deeply impressed along the median line except near the base, the apical
margin with a large and very deep angulate notch, the bottom of which
is filled with a broad whitish submembranous area having a transverse
or feebly sinuate posterior outline; impressions more coarsely pubes-
cent or spiculose. Length 8.8 mm.; width 1.15 mm. Rhode Island
(Boston Neck; rigidum n.sp.

19 — Male with ventrals three to .six impressed, the sixth with a narrow and
deep emargination. Body parallel, shining, black or slightly piceous, the
elytra gradually rufescent posteriorly; legs and antennae as in the pre-
ceding species; head parallel and broadly arcuate at the sides, the
latter merging gradually into the broadly rounded basal angles, the
punctures fine but deep and very sparse; strongly obconic medial
joints of the antennae but little more than one-half longer than wide;
prothorax broad, but slightly elongate, a little wider than the head,
subparallel, the sides becoming straight in the middle; punctures very
sparse and only moderately coarse; elytra fully as long as wide, paral-
lel and feebly arcuate at the sides, slightly wider and shorter than the
prothorax, the punctures like those of the head, fine and very sparse;
abdomen nearly as wide as the elytra. Male with the impression of the
third and fourth ventrals narrow and feeble, of the fifth wider, deeper
and elongate-oval, the apex feebly, broadly sinuate in the middle, the
sixth with a large deep triangular emargination about as deep as wide,
with its edges glabrous anteriorly, the impressions spiculose as usual;
female with the sixth ventral rather small, feebly lobed at tip. Length
8.5 mm ; width 1.2 mm. Rhode Island (Boston Neck).

postremnm n. sp.

Male with ventrals three and four wholly unmodified; five and six im-
pressed, the sixth with a very broad sinus much wider than deep. Body
parallel, stouter in form than postremum, polished, black, the elytra
gradually rufo-piceous posteriorly as a rule; head subquadrate, the
sides parallel and feebly arcuate, the angles rather broadly rounded,
the punctures fine and very sparse; antennae stout, the strongly
obconical joints one-half longer than wide; prothorax large,. oblong,
distinctly wider than the head, but little longer than wide, very feebly
narrowed posteriorly from the rounded apical angles, the punctures
coarse and very sparse; elytra subquadrate, parallel, slightly shorter
and wider than the prothorax, normally convex, rather finely, very
sparsely and confusedly punctate; abdomen as wide as the elytra,
minutely and densely punctulate. Male with the fifth ventral narrowly
and deeply impressed along the middle except near the base, the apex
broadly, feebly sinuate toward the middle; sixth with a broader, deep,
more anteriorly narrowed impression throughout, the apex with a
broad and rather shallow sinus, three or four times as wide as deep, its
bottom broadly, very obtusely angulate, the sinus fully half as wide
as the segment; female with the sixth ventral obtusely lobed at tip.

Casey — A Revision of the American Paederini. 89

unimpressed. Length 7.5-9.0 mm.; width 1.16-1.25 mm. Massachu-
setts (Lowell), Rhode Island (Boston Neck — a slightly larger and more
vigorous variety), New York (near the city) and New Jersey.

simile Lee.

20 — Sinus at the tip of the sixth ventral in the male larger, about a fifth as

wide as the segmental apex 21

Sinus extremely minute 22

21 —Body larger and stouter, parallel, black and polished throughout, the

legs and antennae rufo-piceous; head rather well developed, the sides
parallel for half the distance behind the eyes, then broadly rounded
to the neck, becoming almost transverse just before attaining the
latter, the punctures rather coarse and sparse; antennae longer than in
the simile group, the obconic joints almost twice as long as wide;
prothorax oblong, parallel, only slightly elongate and but little wider
than the head, the angles well rounded, the punctures coarse, rather
sparse and confused; elytra slightly wider than the prothorax
and distinctly shorter, barely as long as wide, with the sides very
feebly diverging from base to apex in the male, subequal in length to
the prothorax, fully as long as wide and more parallel in the female,
the punctures coarse, uneven and sparse; abdomen as wide as the
elytra, minutely and relatively sparsely punctulate, polished. Male with
the fifth ventral unmodified, the sixth rectilinearly truncate at tip, with
the evenly rounded sinus wider than deep and a fifth as wide as the
apex, the surface not obviously impressed along the middle; female
with the sixth ventral broadly, obtusely rounded at tip. Length
(extended) 8.0 mm.; width 1.15 mm. Rhode Island (Boston Neck).

neglectnm n. sp.

Body smaller and less stout, parallel, shining, black throughout, the legs
and antennae dusky testaceous; head as in neglectum, but more narrowly
ovoidal, the sides more gradually approaching the neck and not becom-
ing transverse, the punctures less coarse and still sparser and the
antennae somewhat shorter, the medial joints obviously less thau twice
as long as wide; prothorax smaller, narrower and just visibly wider
than the head, the sides slightly converging from the less broadly
rounded anterior angles to the basal angles, the punctures equally
coarse and sparse; elytra obviously wider than the prothorax, sub-
parallel, a little longer than wide and about as long as the prothorax
in both sexes, the punctures coarse, uneven and only moderately
sparse; abdomen broad, fully as wide as the elytra, minutely and not
very closely punctulate. Male with the fifth ventral unmodified, the
sixth rectilinearly truncate at apex, with a rounded sinus, wider than
deep and about a fifth as wide as the apex, the surface narrowly and
distinctly impressed along the median line from before the middle to
the apical sinus; femsileaa in neglectum.. Length (contracted) 6.5 mm.;
width 1.0 mm. Michigan (Marquette) innocens n. sp.

22— Form relatively larger and more elongate, parallel, black and shining
throughout, the elytra sometimes piceous, the legs and antennae dusky
rufous; head and antennae nearly as in innocens but larger; prothorax
broad, only very slightly elongate, very much wider than the head, the
sides distinctly converging posteriorly from the arcuation at apical

90 Trans. Acad. Sci. of St. Louis.

third or fourth, the punctures notably coarse, confused and moderately
sparse, the median smooth line even; elytra in the male short, barely
as long as wide, not wider than the prothorax at base and only slightly
wider at apex, the sides diverging noticeably ; in the female much largen
fully as long as wide, nearly as long as the prothorax and much wider,
slightly wider at apex than at base, the prothorax relatively narrower
in that sex; punctures notably coarse, uneven and moderately sparse;
abdomen not quite as wide as the elytra, minutely and not very closely
punctulate. Male with the sixth ventral very narrowly, linearly and
distinctly impressed along the middle in posterior two-thirds, the apex
rectilinearly truncate, with the median sinus very small, rounded, wider
than deep as usual and only about a ninth or tenth as wide as the apex.
Length 7.5 mm.; width I.l mm. Lake Superior,— LeConte; Wisconsin

(Bayfield), — Mr. Wickham. [= fauveli Duviv.] simplex Lee.

Form relatively stouter, polished, black throughout, the legs and antennae
dusky testaceous; head as in simplex but relatively larger, the punctures
coarse, rather close-set toward the sides, very sparse medially, the an-
tennae rather longer than in any of the other species of this group, the
medial joints in the male being scarcely less than twice as long as wide,
a little shorter in the female; prothorax oblong, scarcely narrowed
posteriorly, distinctly longer than wide and subequal in width to the
head in both sexes, coarsely, sparsely punctured; elytra similar in the
sexes, parallel, distinctly longer than wide, much wider than the pro-
thorax and equal in length to the latter, the punctures moderately
coarse and rather feeble, sparse; abdomen broad, fully as wide as the
elytra, the fine punctures less sparse than usual in this group. Male
with the sixth ventral distinctly, linearly impressed along the median
line in apical two-thirds, the apex as in simplex, the median sinus
still more minute and only about a twelfth as wide as the apex. Length
(contracted) 6.5 mm.; width 1.15 mm. Massachusetts (Lowell),— Mr.
F. Blanchard graTidnlnm n. sp.

The under surface of tbe first joint of the hind tarsi, in
many of the Lathrobia having this joint very short, and espe-
cially in Lathrobium and its immediate allies, is obliquely pro-
longed beneath the second, slightly expanded and has a flat-
tened sole, as though to aid in the use of the tarsus. This
sole does not exist on any of the other joints, leading to the
presumption that, in motion, this short basal joint may be the
only one in contact with the ground, the remainder of the
tarsus being elevated or resting on the tips of the claws.

The species of the armatum group, having peculiarly thick
and submoniliform antennae, slightly attenuated at the tip,
are difficult to discriminate, and it is possible that a few of
the forms here announced may have less than full specific
value. Of amplipenne I have a good series of about a dozen

Casey — A Revision of the American Paederini. 91

specimens, in which the coloration of the elytra is perfectly
constant, except in one individual, where the red is replaced
by a piceous-black ; as the other specimens are constant, this
dark coloration may be accidental.

There is no group of species known to me, showing more
plainly the subgeneric value of types of male secondary sexual
characters, than these components of Lathrobium, for we
have successions of Avhat are without doubt distinct, though
closely related, species, having throughout the same type of
sexual modifications, which types are abruptly limited in ex-
tent and without intermediates, as shown by the above table.

The name simplex was replaced by fauveli by M. Duvivier,
(Cat. 1883) on the ground of preoccupation, but I am by no
means certain that the older simplex is really a Lathrobium,
and therefore have not made the change of name.

There are four described species of Lathrobium which are
not before me at present ; these are appended below with
short descriptions which I drew up some years ago from the
original unique types. They are all very distinct species and
will undoubtedly have to be removed from the restricted
genus Lathrobium, but having failed to record any observa-
tions upon the elytral flanks, gular sutures or structure of the
hind tarsi, I am unable to dispose of them among the other
genera at present, and indeed some of them are so isolated
as to indicate new genera. For the present however they
may be attached to Lathrobium: —

Form moderately slender, parallel, head gradually and slightly narrowed
behind the eyes to the neck, which is broad, the surface coarsely and
remotely punctate; antennae not very thick, as long as the head and
prothorax, the latter about as long as wide, equal in width to the head,
the punctures coarse, sparse and rather feebly impressed ; elytra about
as long and wide as the prothorax, the punctures very coarse, not close-
set and rather feebly impressed, arranged in series throughout; ab-
domen finely and spar.-ely punctulate. Male having a feeble, transversely
oval medial impression on the fourth ventral — possibly accidental, —
the fifth very minutely, feebly sinuate and extremely feebly impressed
at apex, the sixth with a broad angular emarginatiou, occupying the
entire apex and at least five times as wide as deep. Length 5.7 mm. ;
width 0,9 mm. North Carolina seriatum Lee.

Form subparallel and rather stout, convex, dark rufo-testaceous, the head
blackish; elytra rufous, with a large median blackish cloud extending

92 Trans. Acad. Sci. of St. Louis.

from the base, where it is nearly as wide as the elytra, to the apex,
where it has gradually become narrower; head parallel, very coarsely
and remotely punctate; prothorax as long as wide, equal in width to
the head, the punctures rather large, sparse and irregularly disposed,
except single series along the median smooth line; elytra just visibly
wider than the prothorax and distinctly longer, nearly as long as wide, the
punctures not fine, lather sparse and partially arranged in series almost
throughout; abdomen finely and sparsely punctulate. Male unknown.
Length 6.4 mm.; width 1.1 mm. Florida parcum Lee.

Form rather stout, parallel; head large, wider than prothorax, parallel, not
very coarsely but deeply, rather closely punctate, the antennae thick,
submoniliform, almost as long as the head and prothorax, the latter
about a fifth longer than wide, distinctly narrower and a little shorter
than the elytra, the sides feebly convergent and nearly straight from
apes to base, the punctures small, feeble, rather close-set and irregu-
larly arranged throughout, with a wide median irapunctate line; elytra
somewhat loager than wide, the punctures fine, feeble, sparse and con-
fused; abdomen very finely, rather densely punctulate; legs pale. Male
with the fifth and sixth ventrals wholly unmodified on the disk, the
apes of former very broadly, angularly emarginate, the latter somewhat
more deeply and angularly emarginate, both throughout the entire
width, the latter emargination apparently about sis times as wide as
deep. Length 8.0 mm.; width 1.25 mm. Louisiana pedale Lee.

Form slender but convex; sides of the head slightly converging behind the
eyes, the basal angles broadly rounded, the punctures very fine, feeble
and remotely scattered; antennae slender, distinctly longer than the
head and prothorax, the latter wider than the head, just visibly longer
than wide, convex, parallel, finely, very feebly, indistinctly, sparsely
and irregularly punctate; elytra not wider than the prothorax and dis-
tinctly shorter, quadrate, feebly, sparsely and irregularly punctate;
abdomen darker in color, finely and extremely densely punctulate, dull
in lustre. Male having a rounded discal impression in apical half of
the fifth ventral, the apical margin not modified, the sixth segment
with a small acutely cuspidiform emargination at tip, the surface not
modified. Length 4.5 mm.; width 0.7 mm. Michigan bicolor Lee.

The narrowing of the head behind the ej^es in seriafum,
the peculiar coloration of parcum and the sexual characters
of pedale and bicolor, make any definite generic assignment
of these species impossible in the absence of the types ; it is
hoped, however, that enough characters are given to allow
of identification in case they should be rediscovered. Bicolor
is a preoccupied name in Lobrathium, but the sculpture of
the body is very unlike that prevailing in Key's genus, where
the punctures are especially coarse and close-set throughout
in all the species known to me; so the name should stand.

Casey — A Revision of the American Paederini. 93

Litolathra n. gen.

This genus, while closely allied to Lathrobium, differs in
the arcuate form of the gular sutures, which are always widely
separated and more remotely so at base than at the middle of
the post-oral part of the head. The species are moderately
numerous and are much smaller in average size than those of
Lathrobium; they also have a type of male secondary sexual
characters — uniform throughout — differing from anything
known in that genus. In addition, the antennae are longer,
thinner and more filiform, and the abdomen is rather more
tapering toward tip and always very densely punctulate and
dull, — characters which also distinguish them from Lathro-
bium . The general build of the body in species of the con-
color type, suggests more rapid motion in running than in those
of the confusa type, or in Lathrobium or Lathrobioma, these
being relatively slow in their movements. The species repre-
sented by material in my cabinet may be distinguished by
the following characters : —

Form elongate, fusoid, the elytra always much longer as well as wider than
the prothorax, the legs rather slender; antennae not longer than the
head and prothorax, moderately slender, the medial joints less than
twice as long as wide 2

Form subparallel, the elytra subequal in length to the prothorax or
shorter ; legs stouter, sometimes very stout in the male 5

2 — Gular sutures distinctly arcuate, gradually diverging posteriorly from
near the middle; head smaller, distinctly narrower than the pro-
thorax 3

Gular sutures almost straight, diverging only very near the base; head
almost as wide as the prothorax 4

3 — Color black throughout, the legs and antennae rufous, polished, the
abdomen dull; form very slender, the punctures of the head and elytra
small, sparse, of the pronotum only moderately coarse and very sparse ;
head parallel, the basal angles very broadly rounded, beginning at one
length of the eye behind the latter; neck fully half as wide as the head;
prothorax distinctly elongate, about a fifth longer than wide, the sides
parallel, arcuate anteriorly and posteriorly, the angles rather distinct;
elytra distinctly longer than wide, parallel, almost a third wider than
the prothorax and distinctly longer in both sexes; abdomen slightly
narrower than the elytra, tapering behind. Male with the fifth ventral
wholly unmodified, the sixth narrow, broadly rounded at tip, with a
simple rounded sinus about a third as wide as the apex and between

94 Trans. Acad. Sci. of St. Louis.

two and three times as wide as deep, the surface very feebly impressed
along the median line except toward base; female with the sixth ventral
evenly rounded and feebly lobed at tip. iLength 6.4:mm. ; width 0.95 mm.
Rhode Island (Boston Neck), Massachusetts (Lowell) and New York

(near the city) rhodeana n. sp.

Color piceous-black, the elytra dull rufous, blackish toward base, the legs
and antennae pale testaceous; form and sculpture similar to the pre-
ceding, the elytral punctures more evenly serial in arrangement and the
pronotal punctures decidedly coarser and less sparse; head rather less
distinctly narrower than the prothorax, with the basal angles similarly
very broadly rounded; prothorax a little broader and less elongate;
elytra but little longer than wide, about a fourth wider and distinctly
longer than the prothorax; abdomen distinctly narrower than the elytra.
Male with the sixth ventral narrow, more strongly rounded at tip, with
the median sinus similar, the surface not impressed except very obso-
letely and in posterior half . Length 5.7 mm.; width 0.85 mm. Rhode
Island (Boston Neck) semirnbida n. sp.

4 — Body somewhat stouter, less fusiform and more parallel, piceous-black

throughout, the legs and antennae pale; punctures nearly as in semiru-
bida, those of the pi'onotum sparser; head parallel, the basal angles less
broadly rounded than in the preceding species; prothorax only very
slightly longer than wide, the sides sensibly converging from apex to
base and almost straight; elytra slightly longer than wide, much wider
and longer than the prothorax; abdomen narrower than the elytra.
Male not at hand; female with the sixth ventral as in rhodeana. Length
6.4 mm.; width 1.05 mm. Indiana and westward concolor Lee.

5 — Elytra large, equal in length to the prothorax in the female and but just

visibly shorter in the male. Body large and stout, moderately convex,
parallel, black throughout, the legs and antennae pale ferruginous;
punctures of the head rather coarse, sparse, almost wanting broadly to-
ward the middle, of the pronotura rather smaller and very sparse, irregu-
lar, of the elytra still smaller, fine, sparse, partially subserial, the abdomen
dull, densely punctulate ; head slightly smaller than the prothorax, more
distinctly so in the female, parallel and feebly arcuate at the sides, the
angles obtuse and narrowly rounded, rather distinct; antennae unus-
ually long and slender, filiform, longer than the head and prothorax, the
medial joints obconic and fully twice as long as wide; prothorax large,
but little longer than wide, sides distinctly converging from apex to
base, the angles moderately rounded; elytra large, distinctly wider than
the prothorax, slightly longer than wide and parallel; abdomen broad,
as wide as the elytra. Male with the fifth ventral rather broadly and
strongly impressed along the middle except toward base, the apical
margin broadly, feebly sinuate in more than middle third; sixth seg-
ment without impression, the apex rounded, with a large, narrowly
rounded parabolic sinus, nearly a third as wide as the segment and
nearly as deep as wide; legs throughout very stout; female a little
smaller and more slender than the male, the sixth ventral distinctly
lobed at apex, the lobe evenly rounded, the legs obviously less stout.
Length 6.7-7.5 mm.; width 1.1-1.15 mm. New Jersey, Ohio (Ross Co.)
and Iowa cruralis n. sp.

Casey — A Revision of the American Paederini. 95

Elytra relatively smaller, always shorter than the prothorax in both
sexes ; smaller species 6

6 — Elytra equal in width to the prothorax; body deep black throughout,

the legs and antennae pale ferruginous; form parallel, the integuments
thicker; head much narrower than the prothorax, parallel and feebly
arcuate at the sides, the angles broadly rounded; neck half as wide,
the punctures rather flne, very sparse ; antennae relatively thicker than in
cruralis, although longer than the head and prothorax, the medial joints
strongly obconic and somewhat less than twice as long as wide; pro-
thorax only very slightly longer than wide, the sides just visibly con-
verging from apex to base and very feebly arcuate ; angles rather broadly
rounded; punctures not very coarse but larger than those of the head,
very sparse; elytra very nearly as long as wide, at base equal in width
to the prothorax, just visibly wider at apex, the punctures flne and
rather sparse, not definitely subserial; abdomen as wide as the elytra,
dull; legs moderately stout in the male. Male with the fifth ventral
unimpressed, the apex very feebly sinuate toward the middle, the sixth
segment rounded at tip, with the usual parcibollc sinus about a third
as wide as the apex and but little wider than deep; female not known.
Length 5.6 mm.; width 0.9 mm, Iowa (Iowa City), — Mr. Wickham.

conrictor n. sp.

Elytra obviously wider than the prothorax; body more or less pale piceous

in color throughout, the legs and antennae paler and ferruginous, the

former notably stout in the male and less so in the female; surface

polished, the abdomen dull; form parallel and moderately convex... 7

7 — Elytra in the female distinctly shorter than wide, very much shorter

than the prothorax; head much narrower than the prothorax, finely and
very remotely punctate, nearly as in the preceding form throughout, the
antennae similar, the neck rather wider, a little more than half as wide
as the head; prothorax distinctly longer than wide, the sides obviously
converging from apex to base, the angles rounded, the punctures notice-
ably coarse, confused and only moderately sparse; elytra rather de-
pressed, the sides distinctly diverging from the base, the punctures
somewhat fine, sparse and confused, but with the surface rather eoar.-ely
rugose by oblique light; abdomen not quite as wide as the elytra. Male
unknown. Length 5.5 mm. ; width 0.8 mm. Iowa....amputans n. sp.
Elytra, in the female fully as long as wide and but just visibly shorter in
the male 8

8 — Male with the emargination of the sixth ventral smaller, much shallower,

broadly rounded at the bottom, less than a third as wide as the seg-
mental apex and between three and four times as wide as deep; fifth
and sixth segments not distinctly modified on the disk, the former rec-
tilinearly truncate at apex 9

Male with the emargination of the sixth ventral larger and deeper, but little
wider than deep, triangular in form, with the anterior angle narrowly
rounded 10

9 Body moderately stout, the head as in amputans but with the basal angles

rather less broadly rounded, the antennae longer and somewhat thicker,
filiform, distinctly longer than the head and prothorax, with the
medial joints almost twice as long as wide; punctures rather fine.

96 Trans. Acad. Sci. of St. Louis.

very remote, less sparse on the sides; prothorax more distinctly
elongate, the sides feebly converging, the surface notably convex and
unusually coarsely, deeply and conspicuously punctate, the punctures
moderately sparse; elytra distinctly wider than the prothorax and but
little, though distinctly, shorter, almost as long as wide, the sides very
feebly diverging from the base and slightly arcuate throughout, the
punctures fine, sparse and partially sublineate; abdomen broader than
in amputans, as wide as the elytra. Female not known. Length 5.5
mm.; width 0.9. District of Columbia inornata n. sp.

Body nearly similar in form and coloration but decidedly more slender, the
head nearly similar in form and sculpture but only just visibly narrower
than the prothorax, the antennae distinctly shorter and relatively
thicker, not as long as the head and prothorax, the medial joints scarcely
more than a half longer than wide ; prothorax notably narrower and more
elongate; fully a fourth longer than wide, the punctures very sparse
and less coarse; elytra relatively much smaller, fully as long as wide,
with the sides feebly diverging, much shorter but only very little wider
than the prothorax, similarly sculptured ; abdomen a little narrower,
fully as wide as the elytra. Male with the emargination of the sixth ven-
tral similar in general form but still shallower and more gradually
formed. Length 6.4 ram. ; width 0.8 mm. New York (Dundee).

snbgracilis n. sp.

10 — Form moderately stout, the head only very slightly narrower than the
prothorax, parallel and feebly arcuate at the sides, the basal angles
broadly rounded, the punctures small and very sparse; antennae longer
than the head and prothorax, stouter, the strongly obconic medial joints
distinctly less than twice as long as wide; prothorax less elongate, a
fifth or sixth longer than wide, the sides just visibly converging, the
punctures rather fine and very sparse; elytra in the male much wider
and distinctly shorter than the prothorax, not quite as long as wide, the
sides rather strongly diverging throughout, the punctures fine and
moderately sparse ; in the female less distinctly wider and shorter than
the prothorax, as long as wide, with the sides only very slightly diverg-
ing; abdomen not quite as wide as the prothorax in either sex. Male
with the fifth and sixth ventrals wholly unmodified on the disk, the former
rectilinearly truncate at apex, the sixth rounded at apex as usual, the
triangular notch larger, nearly half as wide as the segmental apex and
distinctly wider than deep; female rather smaller and more slender than
the male. Length 5.3-5.8 mm.; width 0.8-0.9 mm. Massachusetts
(Lowell) confusa Lee.

Form rather stouter, the head relatively more elongate, distinctly narrower
than the prothorax, the sides longer and less arcuate and the angles
somewhat less broadly rounded; antennae shorter and less stout, not
longer than the head and prothorax, the medial joints less strongly ob-
conical but less than twice as long as wide; punctures moderately sparse
and distmct toward the sides; prothorax more elongate, a fourth longer
than wide, the sides feebly converging and nearly straight, the punc-
tures only moderately coarse and sparse; elytra in the male rather
large, much wider and not very much, though distinctly, shorter than
the prothorax, fully as long as wide, the sides distinctly diverging;

Casey — A Revision of the American Paederini. 97

punctures fine and sparse ; abdomen nearly as wide as the elytra. Male
with the secondary sexual characters as in confusa, except that the
apex of the sixth ventral is much more broadly and feebly rounded,
with the triangular notch smaller, being about a third as wide as the
apex and but little wider than deep. Length 5.6 mm.; width 0.9 mm.
New York (near the city) and District of Columbia snspecta n. sp.

The three distinct groups of species in the above table are
represented by concolor, cruralis and confusa, the first two,
composed of larger species, having the elytra large, the last,
with the elytra small, being composed of a considerable num-
ber of much smaller species. The fact stated of certain
species of Lafhrobium, that the female is smaller and more
slender than the male, is still more obvious in this genus, being
strikingly apparent in cruralis and confusa.

Liathrobiopsis n. gen.

We begin in this genus a series of groups, well distin-
guished from those which precede by the longer basal joint
of the hind tarsi, this being as long as the second in the
present genus and both slightly elongate. In addition to
this, the first joint is similar to the second beneath and not
swollen into a flattened sole. Lathrobiopsis differs very
greatly from Lathrobioma, which has more the facies of
Latlirobium, in its depressed form and small prothorax, with
the median smooth line partially delimited by impressed series
of punctures, large flattened elytra, with regular series of
punctures and in other characters as shown in the table ; our
single representative at present is the following : —

Body slender, distinctly depressed, dark testaceous, the head dusky, the
abdomen piceous-black; legs pale flavo-testaceous, the antennae dusky
rufous; head quadrate, the sides long, parallel and nearly straight, the
basal angles very distinctly right and but very slightly rounded ; punc-
tures rather coarse, deep, moderately sparse, a small vertexal space
impunctate; antennae stout, longer than the head and prothorax, the
medial joints one-half longer than wide, inflated and rounded at the
sides and pedunculate at base; prothorax very slightly narrower
than the head, not longer than wide, the sides evidently converging
from apex to base and nearly straight, the apical angles distinct and
not rounded, the punctures not quite as coarse as those of the head,
confused and moderately sparse except along the broad impunctate

98 Trans. Acad. Sci. of St. Louis.

median area in basal three-fifths, where they are linear; elytra large,
parallel, distinctly elongate, a third wider and one-half longer than the
prothorax, the punctures similar in size to those of the pronoluin but
feebler, close-set in rather even unimpressed series throughout; basal
angles not rounded; abdomen parallel, narrow, straight at the sides,
only three-fourths as wide as the elytra, the fine punctulation not
dense; legs slender. Male with the surface of the fifth and sixth seg-
ments wholly unmodified, the apex of the fifth rectilinearly trunctate,
becoming very feebly sinuate in the median third or fourth, the sixth
narrow, broadly rounded at tip, with a deep sinus about a third as wide
as the apex, apparently rather deeper than wide and parabolic in form ;
female not known. Length 4.6 mm. ; width 0.75 mm. Texas.

tcxana n. sp.

I have seen but a single specimen of this very delicate spe-
cies and it is from an unrecorded part of the state.

Lathrobioma n. gen.

The species of this genus in their dense integuments, gen-
eral form of the body, large head, and, especially, in their
thick submoniliform antennae, greatly resemble Lathrobium,
but the formation of the posterior tarsus prohibits any such
association, the tarsi being shorter and more compact, with
the four basal joints subequal and mutually similar, each having
in general two long oblique setae projecting anteriorly from the
anterior margin beneath, the fourth joint sometimes a little
smaller, the first about as long as the second and not elongate,
not obliquely produced beneath the base of the second and
without trace of the expanded sole characterizing Lathrobium ;
the fifth joint is frequently nearly as long as the first four
combined. The species are smaller than those of Lathrobium,
comprising some of the more minute of the Lathrobia,
have smaller eyes and are more slender as a rule. They ex-
tend over the same geographical range in America, to which
region they may possibly be confined, and are moderately
numerous, those represented in my cabinet being distinguish-
able as follows : —

Elytra larger, as long as the prothorax or longer and notably wider, the body
broader and less convex; elytral punctures more or less irregularly
lineate in arrangement 2

Casey — A Revision of the American Paederini. 99

Elytra small, never much wider and always distinctly shorter than the pro-
thorax, the body more slender and rather more convex 6

2 — Head as wide as the elytra — probably in both sexes 3

Head much narrower than the elytra in the female, possibly less obviously so

in the male *

3 — Body rather stout, parallel, shining, black throughout, the sutural mar-

gin and line of the apex rufescent; legs and antennae dark testaceous;
head large, sparsely punctured, much wider at base than across the
eyes, the sides straight, the angles narrowly rounded; neck barely
half as wide ; antennae thick, not quite as long as the head and prothorax,
joints two and three equal, about one-half longer than wide, the fourth
a little shorter, the outer joints not longer than wide, rounded; 'pro-
thorax three -fourths as wide as the head, distinctly elongate, subpar-
allel, the sides just visibly converging, the angles rather distinct and
but little rounded, the punctures larger than those of the head, coarse
and only moderately sparse ; elytra fully a fourth wider and a fifth lon-
ger than the prothorax, parallel, distinctly longer than wide, the punc-
tures coarse, moderately sparse and only very obscurely and partially
sublineate; abdomen distinctly narrower than the elytra, parallel and
straight at the sides, finely, not closely punctulate, shining; legs mod-
erately slender, the hind tarsi there-fourths as long as the tibiae. Male
unknown; female with the sixth ventral broadly, evenly rounded,
scarcely lobed. Length 5.8 mm.; width 0.97 mm. Virginia (Grafton).

virginica n. sp.
Body more slender, parallel, deep polished black throughout, the leg&
piceous- black, the antennae fuscous; head narrower and more oval,,
parallel and broadly arcuate at the sides, the basal angles rather broadly
rounded, the neck rather more than half as wide, the eyes moderately
developed, at about three times their own length from the base; punc-
tures moderately coarse, deep and sparse; antennae thick, nearly as in
virginica; prothorax four-fifths as wide as the head, distinctly elon-
gate, subparallel, the sides nearly straight, the punctures but little
larger than those of the head, rather feeble and very sparse, deeper and
more closely aggregated along the median smooth line but not lineate;
elytra rather finely, sparsely punctate, longer than wide, parallel, about
a fifth wider than the prothorax but not quite as long in the male,,
probably fully as long in the female ; abdomen parallel, straight at the-
sides, nearly as wide as the elytra, convex, finely, sparsely punctulate.
Male with the fifth ventral moderately impressed and subglabrous in the
middle, except toward base, the apical margin very feebly and gradually
sinuate in the middle; sixth with a declivous parallel polished impunc-
tate and deep excavation in median fourth or more, beginning near the
base, the apex with a quadrate emargination as wide as the impression,
the sides of which are parallel and formed in part by dentiform prolon-
gations of the sides of the excavation, the bottom transversely sinuate;
female unknown. Length 5.9 mm. ; width 0.85 mm. Oregon.

shoshonica n. sp.

4 — Elytra equal in length to the prothorax; species very small in size.

Body moderately stout, subparallel, deep black throughout, the legs and
antennae piceo-rufous; head quadrate, as long as wide, parallel and

100 Trans. Acad. Sci. of St. Louis.

straight at the sides, the angles rather narrowly rounded, the eyes
moderately small and rather convex; punctures coarse and only moder-
ately sparse ; antennae thick, distinctly shorter than the head and protho-
rax, gradually thicker distally, the outer joints not quite as long as
wide; prothorax subparallel, distinctly longer than wide, obviously nar-
rower than the head, the punctures coarse, deep, moderately sparse and
evenly, though irregularly, distributed; elytra subparallel, longer than
wide, a fourth wider than the prothorax, the punctures fine, sparse and
sublineate; abdomen slightly narrower than the elytra, parallel,
minutely and rather closely punctulate. Male not at hand; female
broadly rounded and feebly lobed at tip of the sixth ventral. Length
4.1 mm. ; width 0.75 mm. Massachusets (Lowell), — Mr. F. Blanchard.

nanala n. sp.

Elytra much longer and wider than the prothorax 5

5 — Form rather stout and only moderately convex, pale brownish-flavate
In the body and legs, the head, antennae, and, to a less extent, the pro-
thorax, slightly infuscate — the type probably somewhat immature;
surface shining; head rather longer than wide, parallel and nearly
straight at the sides, the angles rather broadly rounded, the neck more
than half as wide; punctures moderately coarse and rather sparse;
antennae thick but not enlarged distally, obviously shorter than the
head and prothorax, the outer joints shorter than wide; prothorax about
a fifth longer than wide, only very slightly narrower than the head, the
sides distinctly converging; punctures only moderately coarse, equal to
those of the head but sparser; elytra unusually large, parallel, longer
than wide, a third wider and a fourth longer than the prothorax, the
somewhat coarse punctures arranged in nearly even series; abdomen
distinctly narrower than the elytra, straight and parallel at the sides,
rather closely, finely punctulate; legs moderately stout, the hind tarsi
scarcely three-fourths as long as the tibiae. Male unknown, the sixth
ventral of the female evenly and broadly rounded behind. Length 5.5

mm.; width O.Oram. Dakota (Bismarck) dakotaua n. sp.

Form similar but rather less stout, deep shining black throughout, the legs
and antennae piceous-black; head narrower and more elongate, parallel
and straight at the sides, the angles broadly rounded; eyes at between
three and four times their own length from the base ; antennae thick,
much shorter than the head and prothorax, the outer joints wider than
long; prothorax much narrower, distinctly narrower than the head and
longer than wide, subparallel, the punctures moderately coarse, deep
and sparse; elytra longer than wide, parallel, two -fifths wider and
nearly a third longer than the prothorax, thfe punctures moderately fine
and sparse and less distinctly serial than in dakotana ; abdomen almost as
■wide as the elytra, straight at the sides, finely and rather closely punc-
•tulate; legs moderately stout. Male unknown; female with the sixth
ventral convex, broadly rounded at tip. Length 5.4 mm. ; width 0.85

mm. British Columbia hespera n. sp.

<: o — Head parallel at the sides in both sexes 7

tllead broadest near the base, at least in the male, sometimes parallel in

the female 8

-j__ Body slender, convex, parallel, deep shining black throughout, the legs

Casey — A Revision of the American Paederini. 101

ferruginous; antennae dusky; head oblong, slightly elongate, the sides
very feebly arcuate; angles moderately broadly rounded; neck much
more than half as wide, the punctures moderately coarse and sparse ^
antennae moderately stout, not enlarticd distally, not as long as the-
head and prothorax, the outer joints nearly as long as wide; prothorax;
nearly a fourth longer than wide, rather narrow, much narrower than
the head, subparallel, the punctures coarse and not very sparse; elytra
slightly wider than the prothorax and but little shorter, not quite as
wide as the head, slightly longer than wide, the sides very feebly diverg-
ing, the punctures rather small and sparse but distinct, subserial;
abdomen at base as wide as the elytra, a little wider at the apex of the
fourth segment, shining, minutely and not densely punctate. Male with
the fifth ventral feebly impressed in the middle toward tip, the apex
transverse and unmodified, the sixth with a deep, slightly diverging
excavation in rather more than median fourth, beginning near the base,
the bottom polished and rapidly declivous to the emarginatiou, which is
somewhat wider than deep, the lateral projections, partially forming the
latter, obtuse and bearing each a small fringe of spiculiform hairs;
female with the elytra fully as long as the prothorax and dist'nctly
wider, the sixth ventral obtusely rounded. Length 4 8-5.8 mm.; width
0.78 mm. Massachusetts (Lowell), Rhode Island (Boston Neck), New

Jersey and Iowa othioides Lee.

8— Elytra only slightly shorter than the prothorax; body deep shining

black in color throughout 9

Elytra very much shorter than the prothorax in both sexes; b:)dyblack-

ish-piceous to paler in color when mature U

9 — Processes of the sixth ventral in the male diverging posteriorly. Body
very slender, parallel, the tip of the abdomen feebly rufesceut; legs
rather bright rufous, the antennae somewhat dusky; head rather longer
than wide and distinctly wider than the elytra, only slightly broader
toward base, the sides feebly arcuate, the angles broadly rounded;
punctures moderately coarse and sparse; eyes notably small, the an-
tennae thick, slightly enlarged distally; prothorax much elongated,
parallel, distinctly narrower than the head, fully a fourth longer than
wide, the punctures somewhat coarse, uneven in distribution, rather
more densely aggregated along the median smooth line ; elytra in the male
but little longer than wide, just visibly wider than the prothorax and
about four-fifths as long, in the female distinctly wider than the prothorax,
very nearly as long and fully as wide as the head; punctures moderately
fine and sparse but distinct and scarcely lineate; abdomen parallel, not
quite as wide as the elytra, shining, the fine sculpture not dense. Male
with the fifth ventral feebly impressed in the middle in apical half, the
apex transverse, the sixth with the usual narrow deep excavation not
extending to the base, more broadly expanding posteriorly than in the
preceding species, the processes more angulate and separated at tip by
nearly half the width of the segment, the emarginatiou much wider than
deep, the bottom evenly rounded; declivous floor of the excavation
broadly thinner and translucent posteriorly. Length 5.0 mm.: width
0.7 mm. Rhode Island (Boston Neck) tenuis Lee.

102 Trans. Acad. Sci. of St. Louis.

Processes of the sixth ventral in the male inflexed toward tip; legs and an-
tennae darker, piceo-rufous in color 10

10 — Body smaller and more slender; head but little longer than wide, the
sides nearly straight and distinctly diverging posteriorly from the
moderately small eyes to the basal angles, which are not very broadly
rounded; punctures sparse, not very coarse; antennae short and very
stout, much shorter than the head and prothorax, slightly enlarged dis-
tally, the outer joints wider than long; prothorax about a fifth longer
than wide, very slightly narrower than the head, the sides slightly
converging, the punctures moderately coarse and sparse; elytra in the
male fully as wide as the head, much wider than the prothorax and very
nearly as long, subparallel and a little longer than wide; in the female
proportioned almost similarly but relatively more elongate in form;
punctures rather small and sparse; abdomen subparallel, not quite as
wide as the elytra. Male with a narrow deep subglabrous impression
at the middle of the fifth ventral in more than apical half, the apex very
feebly sinuato-truncate ; sixth with the usual deep parallel excavation
with declivous glabrous floor, the apical emargination deep, parallel,
circularly rounded at the bottom, the processes forming part of its
sides acute and slightly fiexed toward each other; female slightly more
slender than the male. Length 5.0 mm.; width 07 mm. Manitoba

(Winnipeg) nigrolinea n. sp .

Body larger and rather stouter inform, parallel; head larger but only
very slightly enlarged posteriorly, the sides more or less distinctly ar-
cuate and the basal angles more broadly rounded; punctures moder-
ately coarse and rather close-set; antennae moderately stout, not
sensibly enlarged distally; prothorax nearly as in nigrolinea but broader
and less elongate, distinctly narrower than the head^ strongly, mod-
erately sparsely punctured; elytra finely, sparsely, sublinearly punctate
in the male, distinctly longer than wide, parallel, slightly wider and a
little shorter than the prothorax, not as wide as the head; in the
female similar but very slightly more elongate and only just visibly
shorter than the prothorax; abdomen parallel, not quite as wide as the
elytra, minutely, not closely punctulate. Male with secondary sexual
characters nearly as in the preceding species, the excavation of the
sixth ventral not extending quite so far toward the base of the seg-
ment; female nearly similar to the male but with the head a little
smaller and not wider than the elytra. Length 6.0 mm.; width 0.88

mm. Oregon (Portland), — Mr. H. F. Wickham oregonan. sp.

11 — Body moderately slender, shining, dark rufo-piceous, the abdomen
black, becoming rufescent at tip, the legs ferruginous; antennae dusky;
head longer than wide, obviously wider than the elytra in both sexes,
very slightly wider toward base, the sides feebly arcuate and the
angles broadly rounded, eyes moderate; antennae very stout, slightly
enlarged distally; punctures strong, moderately sparse; prothorax very
slightly narrower than the head, not quite a fourth longer than wide,
the sides only just perceptibly converging, the punctures strong, coarse
and somewhat closer than usual; elytra in the male parallel, slightly
longer than wide, equal in width to the prothorax and scarcely more
than three-fourths as long, the suiface rather more uneven than usual.

Casey — A Revision of the American Paederini. 103

sparsely, not very coarsely punctate; in the female quadrate, distinctly
wider than the prothorax though much shorter; abdomen nearly as
wide as the elytra, minutely and more closely punctured than usual.
Male with the tifth ventral rathor narrowly and feebly impressed along
the middle, the impression beginnin<^ near the base and extending,
slightly broadening, to the apex, the latter rectilinearly truncate; sixth
ventral with a large oval shallow and clearly limited impression^ clothed
with sparse spiculiform hairs and extending from near the base to the
apex, where there is a small emargination, slightly wider than deep,
narrower than the irapiession — which is a third as wide as the seg-
ment— and enclosed between very short projecting processes. Length
5.5 mm.; width 0.82 ram. Massachusetts (Lowell), — Mr. F. Blanch-

ard scolopacea n. sp.

Body nearly similar to the preceding but a little larger and more slender,
pale brownish-testaceous throughout, the abdomen blackish except
toward tip; antennae dusky; head suboval, slightly wider than the
elytra in the male, equal thereto in the female, very feebly enlarged
toward base in the male, parallel in the female, the sides very feebly
arcuate; basal angles less rounded than in scolopacea; antennae nearly
similar; punctures rather sparser; prothorax narrower and more
elongate, distinctly narrower than the head in both sexes, less strongly
punctured; elytra similar in the sexes, barely as long as wide, with the
sides obviously diverging, very slightly wider and much shorter than
the prothorax, feebly and sparsely punctate; abdomen subparallel, a
little narrower than the elytra, minutely, not very closely punctulate.
Male with the fifth ventral broadly, feebly impressed in more than
median fourth from a little before the middle to the apex, the latter
truncate; sixth with a shallow oval impression and apical emargination
nearly as in scolopacea. Length 5.8 mm.; width, 0.78 mm. Lake
Superior iuops Csy.

It will be observed that the secondaiy sexual characters of
the male remain virtually constant in type throughout and
constitute as valid a generic character as any other structural
modification. These characters are modified to some extent,
as a matter of course, giving such forms as described under
othioides, nigrolinea and scolopacea. The form of the modi-
fication of the sixth ventral in the nigrolinea group, reminds
us of the form assumed in certain Scopaei, notably Scopaeoma.
Inops was united with o^/^^o^(Zes some years ago, as a synonym
of that species, but there is no close resemblance between
them.

Latlirolepta n. gen.

This genus is well distinguished from any of the preceding
by the form of the gular sutures, the narrow, deep, acutely

104 Trans. Acad. Sci. of St. Louis.

angulate notch of the labrum, dividing the latter into two
quadrate lobes and the less strongly dilated anterior tarsi. It
differs from Lathrobium and allied genera, also in the form
of the hind tarsi, which have the four basal joints small and
subequal. It is represented at present by a single very small
species, having the general facies of Lathrohioma., and of
wide distribution, which may be readily recognized by the
following characters : —

Parallel, slender, convex, shining, dark piceous or blackish in color, the
legs and antennae fusco-testaceous, the abdomen darker than the
anterior parts; head as wide as the elytra, parallel at the sides, the
angles somewhat narrowly rounded, the punctures rather strong and
sparse; antennae thick, scarcely as long as the head and prothorax,
submoniliform, distinctly iocrassate distally, with the outer joints a
little wider than long; prothorax narrow and elongate, parallel, dis-
tinctly narrower than the head and still more coarsely and strongly
punctate, the punctures not very sparse and not se:ial; elytra short,
scarcely as long as wide, much shorter than the prothorax, at base a
little wider than the latter, at apex more obviou-ly wider, the sides di-
verging from the base; punctures smaller, sparse and rather confused;
abdomen at base as wide as the elytra, slightly wider behind, finely, not
densely punctate; legs moderately stout. Male with the third and
fourth ventrals narrowly and feebly impressed along the middle, the
fifth more widely and strongly impressed throughout in median fifth
or sixth, the apex broadly sinuato -truncate, the sixth not obvious-ly im-
pressed, though broadly, indefinitely so toward base, but with a large dis-
cal patch of short black spicular hairs at each side of the median line,
the apex broadly subtruncate, with a gradually formed, broadly rounded,
shallow median sinus, about a third as wide as the segment and five
times as wide as deep; female somewhat stouter than the male, the sixth
ventral with a broad feeble and broadly rounded lobe at tip, unim-
pressed. Length 3.3 mm. ; width 0.5 mm. New York (near the city),
Massachusetts (Lowell) and Iowa; Michigan, — LeConte..debiIi8 Lee.

The type is one of the smallest known species of the
Lathrobia ; it does not seem to be rare and varies considera-
bly in shade of color, possibly due to immaturity. It will be
noticed that the female is stouter than the male — and not
more slender, as is evidently the case with many of our
larger Lathrobia.

Tetartopeus Czwl.

We arrive here at a succession of forms, the chief dis-
tinguishing character of which is the narrow neck — similar

Casey — A Revision of the American Paederini. 105

to that of Domene. They are of more or less robust form,
of small to moderately large size aud are gradually pointed
anteriorly, being widest at the elytra, with the prothorax and
head decreasing in width, giving them a somewhat fusiform
outline. The maxillary palpi are long and notably slender in
the present genus, the fourth joint being unusually slender
and aciculate, the antennae more or less long, slender and
filiform, with the hind tarsi as in LathroUum. The elytra
are always larger and more closely punctarte than in that
genus, without trace of linear arrangement. The slender neck
is undoubtedly a most significant and conclusive generic char-
acter and Teiartopeus should in no wise be considered a sub-
genus of Lathrobium. The species are rather numerous and
very widely distributed over the holarctic regions of the earth,
extending as far south in North America as Florida and
Texas, but most abundant in the colder sections of the north-
ern continents. Those represented by material in my cabinet
may be readily known as follows : —

Elytra at least as long as the prothorax, and, in all but very rare cases, de-
cidedly longer

Elytra shorter than the prothorax, the body more parallel 16

2 — Elytra red or piceous, sometimes clouded with blackish toward base or

near the suture, never abruptly paler at apex or at the external apical
angles

Elytra black or blackish, with the external apical angles more or less
abruptly pale, the pale tint sometimes extending across the apex 9

Elytra intense black throughout ; the entire body black, the legs dark .... 14

3 _ Prothorax deep black *

Prothorax pale testaceous, similar in color to the elytra 8

4— Head parallel or only very feebly aud gradually narrowed behind the

eyes and then only in the female ^

Head very obviously narrowed behind the eyes in both sexes 7

5 — Prothorax not very coarsely and unusually sparsely punctate. Body
moderately stout and convex, polished black, the elytra dark piceo-
rufous; head parallel at the sides behind the eyes, the base semicircu-
larly rounded; eyes at three-fourths more than their own length from
the base, measured on the median line as usual; antennae scarcely as
long as the head and prothorax and rather thicker than usual, the me-
dial joints about two-thirds longer than wide; prothorax very much
wider than the head, oblong, broad, only slightly longer than wide,
highly polished, very sparsely and somewhat inconspicuously punctsred ;
elytra quadrate, parallel, a third wider and about a fourth longer than
the prothorax, fully as long as wide, the punctures rather close-set

106 Trans. Acad. Sci. of St. Louis.

and unusually coarse and deep; legs moderately long, not very stout.
Male with ventrals two to four feebly impressed along the middle, the
impression of the fifth subobsolete; sixth broadly arcuato- truncate at
tip, with a very small deep and acutely angulate notch, deeper than
wide and not more than a tenth or twelfth as wide as the apex, par-
tially concealed by the pubescence as usual; disk not distinctly modi-
fied. Length 6.8 mm.; width 1.25 mm. Montana (Kalispell), — Mr.
Wickhara captiosns n. sp.

Prothorax strongly and more coarsely punctate, the punctures more or less
close -set 6

6 — Antennae of the male very slender, rather longer than the head and pro-
fiorax, with the medial joints rather more than twice as long as wide,
shorter and relatively thicker in the female, with the medial joints
distinctly less than twice as long as wide. Body rather stout, the head
semicircularly rounded, the eyes Well developed, the surface more finely
and closely punctured than in captiosus, a little narrower in the female
than in the male and with the siles feebly converging behind the eyes;
prothorax oblong, broad, only slightly longer than wide, much wider
than the head, the median impunctate line narrow; elytra in the male
quadrate, a third wider and a fifth longer than the prothorax; in the
female slightly longer than wide, two-fifths wider aud more than a fourth
longer than the prothorax; punctures close-set and only moderately
coarse, similar in size to those of the pronotura. Male with ventrals two
to five .subequally and feebly impressed along the middle, the sixth with a
small deep and acutely angular no^ch as in the preceding species ; female
with the sixth ventral greatly produced in an obtusely rounded lobe, un-
impressed, the body smaller and lei>s stout than in the male. Length
6.0-7.0 mm.; width 1.2-1.26 mm. Massachusetts, Canada, New York,
New Jersey, Iowa and North Dakota (Devil's Lake)..piiiictulatas Lee.

Antennae of the male thicker, longer than the head and prothorax but
with the medial joints somewhat less than twice as long as wide ; in the
female still thicker, barely as long as the head and prothorax, with the
medial joints about one-half longer than wide. Body resembling prmc-
tulatus throughout in color and sculpture, but a little stouter, with
slightly smaller eyes, and with the male and female similar in form and
very nearly so in size, the head in the female being somewhat narrower
but not noticeably narrowed behind the eyes. Male with the second
and third ventrals unimpressed, the fourth and fifth rather broadly and
very feebly impressed along the middle, the sixth with a very small
triangular notch, deeper than wide, nearly as in the preceding species
but a little less deep and rather broader at the opening, the surface
with the pubescence denser in the region of the notch as usual. Length
7.0 mm.; width 1.3 mm. Idaho (Priest River), — Mr. Wickham.

hebes n. sp.

7 — Body smaller in size than the preceding and obviously more slender,
black, with the elytra bright rufous ; hea 1 small, longer than wide, finely,
not densely punctate, the sides converging for some distance behind the
the eyes, then circularly rounded at base; eyes well developed, the
antennae somewhat longer than the head and prothorax, moder-
ately slender, the medial joints fully twice as long as wide; prothorax

Casey — A Revision of the American Paederini. 107

rather carrow, parallel and elongate, much wider than the head, moder-
ately closely and coarsely punctured; elytra parallel, slightly elongate,
two-fifths wider and one-fifth longer than the prothorax in the male,
the punctures rather small but strong and close-set. Male with the
second ventral unmodified, the third narrowly and moderately im-
pressed along the middle, more strongly behind; fourth narrowly and
rather strongly impressed throughout, the fifth also strongly and less
narrowly, ihe impression transversely divided in the middle; sixth with
a broad and shallow cuspidiform emargination, much wider than deep,
the apical lobes very broadly rounded, the surface densely pubescent
in the region of the emargination; female differing but little from the
male, the antennae slightly thicker but equally elongate, the prothorax
relatively shorter. Length 6.0 mm. ; width 1.05 mm. Massachusetts to
Iowa rubripennis n. sp. (Fvl. MS.)

Body somewhat similar to the preceding in size and form, the prothorax
notably larger and broader; elytra pale piceo-rufous in color; head
slightly broader, finely, not densely punctate, the eyes well developed;
antennae still longer, equally slender, longer than the head and pro-
thorax, the medial joints somewhat more than twice as long as wide in
the male; prothorax broad, but slightly longer than wide, very much
wider than the head, parallel, the sides feebly arcuate^ the angles
broadly rounded; punctures not very coarse and moderately close-set;
elytra slightly longer than wide, parallel, about a third wider and more
than a fourth longer than the prothorax; punctures rather coarse and
close-set. Male with the third ventral not distinctly impressed, the
fourth narrowly and rather strongly so along the middle, the fifth
less narrowly, deeply and subovally so throughout the length, the im-
pression faintly divided transversely at the middle; sixth with a narrow
very deep angular notch, much larger in size than that of punctnlatus
and allies, fully twice as deep as wide, with its opening an eighth or
ninth as wide as the segmental apex, the notch rendered ob>cure to
low amplification by reason of the dense obtruding pubescence; female
unknown. Length 6.7 mm.; width 1.2 mm. Indiana? Cab. Levette.

callidns n. sp.

8 — Form narrower and more parallel than usual, black, the prothorax and
elytra rufous, the latter clouded with blackish toward suture and base;
head orbicular, rather longer than wide, finely, very sparsely punctate,
closely so at the sides, the eyes moderate; antennae long and very
slender, much longer than the head and prothorax, the medial joints
distinctly more than twice as long as wide; prothorax oblong, distinctly
wider than the head, a fifth or sixth longer than wide, the punctures
rather coarse and uneven, not very close-set; elytra quadrate, a fourth
wider but only very slightly longer than the prothorax, ra,ther coarsely
unevenly and moderately closely punctate. Male with the fourth and
fifth ventrals narrowly and just visibly flattened along the middle, not
Impressed, the sixth with a very minute sharply angulate median notch,
much deeper than wide and narrower than in punctulatus, almost con-
cealed by the dense vestiture clothing the surface toward the notch;
female unknown. Length 7.5 mm. ; width 1.15 mm. Iowa.

semirnber n. sp.

108 Trans. Acad' Sci. of St. Louis.

9 — Head not distinctly narrowed behind the eyes in the male ; antennae

longj more or less slender, much longer than the head and prothorax.lO

Head obviously narrowed gradually from the eyes to the rounded base; legs

pale ; antennae infuscate, paler toward base and apex 12

10 — Small species, unusually slender in form, dark piceous in color, the

head and abdomen black, the elytral apex narrowly, more broadly ex-
ternally, and legs, very pale; antennae fuscous, pale toward base and
apex; head a little longer than wide, the sides subparallel and feebly
arcuate for a long distance behind the eyes, the base broadly, subcir-
cularly rounded; eyes moderate, at fully twice their own length from
the base; punctures fine and rather sparse laterally, broadly wanting
in the middle; antennae long and slender, nearly half as long as the
body, the medial joints twice as long as wide; prothorax distinctly
elongate, parallel and feebly arcuate at the sides, the angles broadly
rounded, just visibly wider than the head, rather coarsely but feebly
and somewhat sparsely punctate, the median impunctate line unusually
wide; elytra well developed, parallel, slightly elongate, one-half wider
and a fourth longer than the prothorax, rather finely feebly and sparsely
punctate; abdomen distinctly narrower than the elytra, densely punc-
tulate and dull as usual. Male unknown; female with the sixth ventral
obtusely rounded at tip, unimpressed. Length 4.6 mm.; width 0.78

mm. Florida (Capron) floridanas n. sp.

Species larger in size and stouter, not less than 6 mm. in length 11

11 — Antennae in the male longer, the medial joints nearly two and one-half
times as as long as wide. Body rather stout, deep black throughout,
the external apical angles of the elytra abruptly and clearly pale flavo-
testaceous; legs very pale; antennae blackish, except the pale first
and eleventh joints; head rather well developed, not much longer than
wide, subparallel and feebly arcuate for about one length behind the
eyes, the base thence semicircular or feebly subtruncate toward the
middle; punctures minute and rather close-set, wanting at the middle
of the vertex; eyes well developed; antennae longer than the head and
prothorax. moderately slender; prothorax large and broad, only very
slightly longer than wide, not very coarsely but strongly, rather
sparsely punctate, much wider than the head, the sides broadly arcuate,
the median smooth line rather ill-defined at the sides; elytra quadrate,
not at all longer than wide, parallel, a third wider but only just visibly
longer than the protborax in the male, a little longer than wide and
distinctly longer than the prothorax in the female, the punctures small,
rather sparse and feeble; abdomen but little narrower than the elytra.
Male with the second ventral slightly flattened, the third and fourth
rather broadly and very feebly impressed along the middle, the fifth
rather less broadly but less feebly impressed, the apex feebly sinuate at
the middle; sixth with a small, acutely triangular notch, deeper than
wide, about an eighth or ninth as wide as the apex, the surface somewhat
elevated gradually — and more pubescent — toward the notch, not im-
pressed, the apex truncate ; female nearly as large but less stout through-
out than the male, the sixth ventral with a narrowly rounded produced
apical lobe. Length 7.0-7.7 mm. ; width 1.2-1.25 mm. Massachusetts
(Lowell) and Rhode Island angnlaris Lee.

Casey — A Revision of the American Paederini. 109

Antennae in the male less elongate, about equally slender, the medial joints
not quite twice as long as wide. Body less stout, black, the elytra
slightly piceous, the pale spot at the outer angles broader and rather
less abruptly defined; legs very pale, the antennae fuscous; head nearly
as in the preceding species but smaller and narrower, less finely punc-
tate and more evenly semicircular at the base; antennae scarcely
longer than the head and prothorax, the latter narrower and more dis-
tinctly elongate, much wider than the head, the sides parallel and
distinctly arcuate, the punctures equally strong and coarse and rather
less sparse; elytra slightly elongate, parallel, similarly, though less
sparsely, punctate, two-fifths wider and a fourth longer than the protho-
rax ; abdomen but little narrower than the elytra. Male with the second
and third ventrals unmodified, the fourth very feebly impressed toward
apex only, the fifth equally feebly impressed throughout the length, the
apes feebly sinuate at the middle, the sixth with a very narrow and
acutely angulate notch, much deeper than wide, not more than a twelfth
as wide as the apex, the latter inwardly and anteriorly oblique and
truncate at each side of the notch and not transverse as in angularis, the
surface as in that species; female nearly similar to the male, except that
the sides of the head are obviously converging behind the eyes. Length
6.4 mm.; width 1.15 mm. Massachusetts (locality unknown).

fnrvnlns n. sp.

12 — Median smooth line of the pronotum normally wide and distinct.

Body rather small in size and of less stout form, deep black, the pro-
thorax and elytra with a scarcely discernible piceous tinge, the outer
angles of the latter pale; head rather finely and sparsely punctate, the
eyes rather smaller and more prominent than in the two following, the
sides behind them strongly converging and nearly straight, then broadly,
circularly rounded at the base; prothorax oblong, parallel, rather
distinctly elongate, with the sides broadly arcuate, only very slightly
wider than the head, the punctures notably coarse, deep and moder
ately sparse; elytra slightly elongate, parallel, a third wider and a fifth
longer than the prothorax, less coarsely but rather strongly and about
equally sparsely punctate, somewhat rugose by oblique reflection as
usual; abdomen as wide as the elytra. Male not known; female with
the sixth ventral briefly lobed, the lobe arcuately truncate at tip ; surface
not at all impressed. Length 6.0 mm.; width 1.0 mm, Pennsylvania

(near Philadelphia) iiigrescens n. sp.

Median smooth line of the pronotum narrow and generally subeffaced;
species larger and stouter, black, sometimes with a feebly piceous
tinge 13

13 — Body moderately stout, the pale spot at the outer elytral angles large;

head narrow, longer than wide, minutely, rather closely punctate
laterally, subimpunctate toward the middle, the sides behind the eyes
rapidly converging and nearly straight almost to the base, which is
arcuately subtruncate; antennae slender, much longer than the head and
prothorax, the medial joints more than twice as long as wide in the
male; prothorax moderately broad, distinctly wider than the head and
longer than wide, the sides parallel and broadly arcuate, the punctures
rather coarse, deep and close-set, gradually becoming fine and sparse

110 Trans. Acad. Sci. of St. Louis.

toward the sides as usual; elytra quadrate, a third wider and a fifth
longer than the prothorax, the punctures rather fine but distinct and
somewhat close-set. Male with sexual characters nearly as in rubripennis ,
the third ventral narrowly and just visibly impressed along the middle,
the fourth less narrowly and more strongly, the fifth still more strongly
though not deeply, the sixth convex, more densely pubescent as usual
toward the middle and apex, the latter very broadly and obtusely
bilobed, the lobes separated by a broad shallow and acutely cuspidiform
emargination ; female not known. Length 6.8 mm.; width 1.2 mm.
New York (near the city) agitans n. sp.

Body nearly similar in form but larger; head longer than wide, finely,
rather closely punctate toward the sides, the latter converging and
nearly straight for only the length of the large eyes behind them, then
broadly arcuate across the base; antennae in the female as long
as the head and prothorax, moderately slender, the medial
joints fully twice as long as wide; prothorax rather broad, much
wider than the head, about a fifth longer than wide, the sides parallel
and broadly arcuate, the punctures only moderately coarse but deep
and rather close-set; elytra quadrate, fully as long as wide, parallel,
about a third wider but only very slightly longer than the prothorax,
the punctures fine, rather feeble and closer than usual; abdomen
sligh,tly narrower than the elytra. Male unknown; female with a nar-
row produced and evenly rounded apical lobe of the sixth ventral, the
surface with a distinct narrow impression along the median line just
behind the middle, extending only to the base of the lobe. Length
7.5 mm.; width 1.25 mm. Texas (Austin) tetricus n. sp.

14 — Head in the female broadly truncate and arcuate at base, subequal in
width to the prothorax. Body moderately slender, deep black through-
out the body, legs and antennae, the tarsi slightly paler; head broad,
barely as long as wide, the sides parallel and nearly straight for the
length of the eye behind the latter, then moderately broadly rounded
through the basal angles, the base feebly arcuate ; eyes moderate, at nearly
twice their own length from the base, the punctures very fine; antennae
longer than the head and prothorax, the medial joints about two-thirds
longer than wide; prothorax rather small and broad, but little longer
than wide,just visibly wider than the head, parallel and feebly arcuate at
the sides, the punctures moderately coarse, strong and somewhat close-
set; elytra parallel, slightly elongate, rather strongly and moderately
closely punctate, two-fifths wider and two-fifths longer than the pro-
thorax; abdomen distinctly narrower than the elytra. Male not at
hand; female with the sixth ventral broadly rounded and feebly lobed
at tip, not impressed. Length 6.0 mm.; width 1.05 mm. Vancouver
Island flnitimus Lee.

Head in both sexes semicircularly rounded at base, the species smaller
and narrower in form 15

15 — Eyes smaller, situated at about twice their own length from the
Ijase — measured on the median line. Body rather narrow, intense
black throughout, the legs and antennae concolorous, the tarsi piceous-
black; head slightly elongate, broadly arcuate from the eyes through
the base, becoming nearly parallel for fully the length of the eye be-

Casey — A Revision of the American Paederini. Ill

hind the latter, finely, rather closely punctured laterally; antennae
moderately slender, about as long as the head and prothorax in the
female, the medial joints distinctly less than twice as long as wide;
prothorax much wider than the head, distinctly elongate, being longer
and narrower than in finitimus, parallel and almost perfectly straight at
the sides, strongly and rather closely punctate ; elytra parallel, much
elongated, strongly, somewhat closely punctate, about two-fifths longer
and wider than the prothorax; abdomen slightly narrower than the
elytra. Male unknown; female with the sixth ventral unimpressed,
distinctly lobed at tip, the lobe moderately broadly rounded at apex.
Length 6.0 mm.; width 0.95 mm. Montana (Kalispell) ..stibium n. sp.

Eyes larger, well developed, at distinctly less than twice their own length
from the base. Head nearly as in stibium, the antennae rather distinctly
longer than the head and prothorax, moderately slender, the medial
joints slightly less than twice as long as wide in the female but very
nearly that in the male; prothorax a little broader and less elongate,
parallel and sensibly arcuate at the sides, distinctly wider than the head
in the female and much wider in the male, strongly, somewhat closely
punctured, the smooth median line narrow and sometimes almost oblit-
erated; elytra much broader in both sexes, but little longer than wide,
a third wider and a fourth longer than the prothorax in the male, two-
fifths wider and a fourth longer in the female, the punctures fine but
distinct, moderately close-set; abdomen obviously narrower than the
elytra in both sexes: body black throughout, the legs black when
mature, with the tarsi slightly paler, the hind tarsi four-fifths as long as
the tibiae. Male with ventrals one to four unmodified, the fifth narrowly
and rather strongly impressed along the median line throughout; sixth
transversely truncate at tip, with a small and very narrow, acutely
angulate notch, much deeper than wide and not more than a twelfth or
fourteenth as wide as the apex; pubescence not materially denser in
the neighborhood of the notch; female with the sixth ventral broadly
and obtusely lobed at apex. Length 5.8 mm.; width 1.1 mm. Massa-
chusetts, Michigan and Wisconsin (Bayfield) niger Lee.

16 — Body parallel, deep black throughout, the legs pale, the antennae in-«
fuscate, slightly paler toward base; head small, rather longer than
wide, arcuately subtruncate at base, not very finely and somewhat
sparsely punctate toward the sides, the latter parallel and slightly ar-
cuate; basal angles broadly rounded; eyes rather smaller than usual,
the antennae relatively stout, fully as long as the head and prothorax,
the medial joints but little more than one-half longer than wide; pro-
thorax large and greatly developed, unusually convex, very much wider
than the head, distinctly elongate, the sides parallel and feebly arcuate ;
anterior angles moderately rounded, the punctures coarse, deep and
unusually sparse, gradually finer laterally as usual, the median smooth
line well defined; elytra very slightly wider than the prothorax and
about four-fifths as long, not quite as long as wide, depressed, the sides
feebly diverging from the basal angles, the surface rugose but polished,
rather finely but strongly, sparsely punctured; abdomen about as wide
as the elytra, dull as usual. Male with the fourth ventral just visibly,
the fifth more distinctly but feebly, impressed along the middle, the

112 Trans. Acad. Sci. of St. Louis.

sixth with a small and acutely angulate incisure, much deeper than
wide and a ninth or tenth as wide as the apex, the latter at each
side inwardly and anteriorly oblique and rectilinearly truncate, with
the edge beveled, becoming very thin and translucent, the surface with
longer hairs along the margins of the notch; female unknown. Length
4.7 mm.; width 0.82 ram. Canada (Toronto) lacastris n. sp.

In the third supplement to the Henshaw catalogue it is
stated on page 10, that No. 2514 {niffer Lee), is a synonym
of the European quadratus Payk. This must surely be in
error for No. 2512 {punctulatus Lee), as specimens of quad-
ratus sent me by Mr. Reitter, strongly resemble the latter but
bear no likeness at all to niger; quadratus is, however, not
the same as pujictulatus, having the male impressions of the
venter very much deeper and differing besides in its denser
sculpture, smaller eyes, more circularly rounded base of the
head and other characters. In this supplement No. 2512
(punctulatus Ijec.) is said to be the same as the European
terminatus Grav. I do not have terminatus before me at
present, but the chances are very greatly against the accuracy
of any such identification.

Deratopeus n. gen.

The species of this genus greatly resemble Tetartopeus^
differing principally in the form of the gular sutures and
rather shorter and stouter palpi and tarsi, small size, more
slender form and some other structural features. They are
few in number at present, those in my cabinet being readily
separable by the following characters — taken in both in-
stances from the male : —

Body deep black throughout, the elytra testaceous in apical fifth or sixth,
somewhat more broadly toward the sides; legs pale ferruginous, the
antennae blackish, slightly paler at tip and notably so toward base ;
head small, longer than wide, parallel and nearly straight at the sides to
the broadly rounded basal angles, the base arcuato -truncate ; eyes mod-
erately small; antennae rather thick but filiform, as long as the head
and prothorax, the medial joints barely one-half longer than wide, the
punctures strong but very sparse; prothorax distinctly elongate, much
wider than the head, the sides very feebly converging and nearly straight,
the punctures coarse, deep and sparse; elytra quadrate, parallel, a third

Casey — A Revision of the American Paederini. 113

wider than the prothorax but only very slightly longer, strongly though
not very coarsely, moderately sparsely punctate, distinctly impressed
along the suture; abdomen parallel, straight at the sides, distinctly nar-
rower than the elytra. Male with the third and fourth ventrals just
visibly impressed along the middle; fifth with a very deep elongate-
oval, glabrous impression, not attaining the base, the apex feebly sin-
uate at the middle; sixth not impressed, transversely, rectilinearly trun-
cate at tip, with a small and acutely triangular notch, only slightly deeper
than wide and an eighth or ninth as wide as the apex; female not at
hand. Length 4.0 mm. ; width 0.8 mm. Massachusetts (Lowell), —Mr.

F. Blanchard ; [Florida — LeConte] uitidnlas Lee.

Body coloi'ed as in the preceding, the elytra pale testaceous throughout,
except a piceous-black cloud toward the suture and not quite extending
to the apex; head nearly as in nitidulus throughout, the antennae more
slender, with the medial joints fully one-half longer than wide; pro-
thorax but slightly elongate, much wider than the head, a little broader
and shorter than in the preceding species, parallel and feebly arcuate
at the sides, the strong punctures rather less sparse; elytra small and
depressed, not as long as wide, very slightly wider than the prothorax
and much shorter, the sides diverging from the base, the punctures
rather fine but strong, somewhat sparse; abdomen parallel and straight
at the sides, fully as wide as the elytral apex, dull in lustre and densely
punctulateas in the preceding species. Male with the third ventral un-
modified, the fourth very feebly impressed near the apex only, the fifth
with a small and very deep subglabrous pit, rounded in outline, ex-
tending from a little before the middle to the apex, the latter feebly
sinuato-truncate ; sixth with an acutely angulate triangular incisure,
deeper than wide, larger and deeper than in nitidulus and a seventh or
eighth as wide as the apex, the latter anteriorly and outwardly truncate
at each side; female not known. Length 4.5 mm.; width 0.75 mm.
Massachusetts (Lowell), — Mr. Blanchard parripennis n. sp.

The difference in general f acies between the large-winged
and short-winged species in all these genera of the Lathrobia
being so pronounced, with most other characters so similar,
has suggested the presence of dimorphism, but I have been
unable to prove this in any one instance, and, indeed, the
only useful evidence will be that gained by actual observation
of the life history of the species. The normal sexual differ-
ences in the elytra are not great, although nearly always
observable, the elytra of the female being a little larger than
those of the male, but, as can be seen in this genus, as well as
in Tetarfojjens lacustris, the presence of short winged forms,
if not indicative of specific difference, must be due to
perfectly asexual dimorphism, — a matter impossible to prove
without careful biological .study.

114 Trans. Acad. Sci. of St. Louis.

Eulathrobmm n. gen.

We begin here a series of genera differing radically from
those which precede in having a strong carinif orm line on the
flanks of the elytra, parallel to and not far from the lower
edo'e. This very important character has been referred to
previously by several authors, notably Dr. Sharp, in ex-
pounding the Amazonian and Mexican Paederini, but I am
not aware that it has been employed hitherto in defining
o-enera. The o;enera without this line are more boreal in
habitat and equally characteristic of the old and new world
subarctic faunas, but those possessing the line are more
southern in habitat, as a rule, and probably originated in
America; only one genus — Lohrathium Eey, — is common
to the nearctic and palaearctic regions of the globe, and this
is more northern in its range than any other, probably
crossing from America to Asia by way of Bering Strait.
The o-enus Eulathrobium consists at present of a single
species, one of the largest and finest of our Lathrobia; it may
be described as follows : —

Form broad, parallel aud somewhat feebly convex, deep black throughout
the legs dark brownish-rufous, the antennae and palpi black, with the
joints rufous at base; lustre shining; head well developed, wider than
long, broadly arcuato-truncate at base, the angles very broadly rounded,
the sides becoming parallel and broadly arcuate behind the eyes, which
are moderately large, the punctures rather coarse and close-set
throughout, excepting a small smooth area on the vertex; antennae fili-
form, moderately stout, about as long as the head and prothorax, the
medial joints three-fourths longer than wide, obconic, a little shorter
in the female; prothorax not quite as wide as the head and only very
slightly longer than wide, broadly suboval, the sides feebly converging
and arcuate posteriorly from the very broadly rounded and obsolete
apical angles, the punctures coarse, deep and not very sparse, the
median smooth line distinct, narrow, not defined by series; elytra large,
quadrate, parallel, distinctly wider than the head especially in the
female, about a third wider than the prothorax and a fourth longer in
the male, nearly a third longer than the prothorax in the female, the
punctures moderately coarse, strong, unusually close-set and arranged
without trace of order, the surface shining; abdomen parallel and
straight at the sides, but little narrower than the elytra, finely, rather
closely punctured but somewhat shining; legs rather long, only moder-
ately stout. Male with the fifth ventral somewhat broadly and feebly

Casey — A Revision of the American Paederini. 115

flattened along the middle throughout, the apex truncate ; sixth unim-
pressed, the apex broadly sinuato-truncate, with a smallj broadly trian-
gular tooth projectiDg from the middle; female as large as the male but
rather less stout, the sixth ventral with a very short arcuato -truncate
lobe at tip, the surface not at all impressed. Length 11.0 mm. ; width
1.8 mm. Rhode Island (Boston Neck), New Jersey, Pennsylvania and
Michigan (Port Huron) - grande Lee.

This species is not the longest but is by far the stoutest
Lathrobiid known to me ; it has rather an extended range and
is not rare.

liathrotropis n. gen.

This genus is probably peculiar to the true Pacific coast
fauna, representing there the eastern Eulathrobium, the
species resembling grande in their broadly rounded angles of
the head and prothorax and close-set coarse punctures, but
differing in their smaller size and much more slender and
generally more convex form ; they also have the basal joint
of the hind tarsi longer, although distinctly shorter than the
second, and the antennae stouter. The species are moder-
ately numerous and generally abundant in individuals, those
before me being characterized as follows : —

Head moderate in size, always narrower than the elytra; elytral punctures
usually irregular in arrangement 2

Head large, equal in width to the elytra or wider; species smaller in size,
the elytral punctures always serial in arrangement 5

2 — Head extremely densely, moderately coarsely punctured and dull. Body
large in size, rather stout, parallel, very dark rufo-piceous in color
throughout, the antennae fuscous, the legs paler, rufous; head but little
longer than wide, slightly narrower than the elytra, more distinctly in
the female, the sides parallel and straight for some distance behind the
eyes, which are moderate in size, rather convex and prominent and
between two and three times their own length from the base; angles
very broadly rounded, the base arcuato-truncate; antennae very stout,
nearly as long as the head and prothorax, gradually incrassate distally,
the medial joints about one -half longer than wide in the male; protho-
rax elongate-oval, much narrower than the head, moderately coarsely,
somewhat closely punctured, the median smooth line distinct but not
more elevated and not defined by punctured series; elytra longer than
wide, parallel, about a third wider and a fourth longer than the protho-
rax, coarsely, deeply and very closely punctate, the punctures without
trace of serial order; abdomen parallel, distinctly narrower than the
elytra, the segments strongly impressed at base, finely, closely punctate
and but feebly shining. Male with a small feeble rounded impression at

116 Trans. Acad. Sci. of St. Louis.

the apex of the fifth ventral, the apex broadly and feebly sinuato-trun-
cate; sixth segment with a large triangular emargination at tip, gener-
ally not quite a third as wide as the apex and nearly as deep as wide,
the surface narrowly elevated along the median line toward the notch,
the ridge clothed with short stiff black spicules, some of the latter also
present at the apices of the segment at each side of the notch; female
with the sixth ventral not lobed, broadly rounded at tip and unim-
pressed. Length 8.0-9.0 mm.; width 1.1-1.3 mm. California (Sta.
Clara to Humboldt). [= lecontei Buviv.^ puncticeps Lee.

Head less densely punctate, the interspaces always shining, the surface not
dull in lustre 3

3— Head densely dull beneath, the micro-reticulation very strong. Body
smaller, rather stout, parallel, colored as in puncticeps; head well
developed, not very greatly though distinctly narrower than the elytra,
somewhat swollen toward base, the sides straight for some distance
behind the moderately small and rather prominent eyes, the angles very
broadly rounded, the base broadly rounded and feebly subtruncate, the
punctures coarse and rather close-set; antennae very stout, not as long
as the head and prothorax, the medial joints about a fourth longer than
wide; prothorax rather small, elongate-oval, much narrower than the
head, rattier coarsely and closely punctate, the smooth median line wide
and distinct; elytra parallel, slightly elongate, two-fifths wider and a
third longer than the prothorax, coarsely closely and irregularly punc-
tate; abdomen parallel, distinctly narrower than the elytra, finely, rather
densely punctulate and somewhat dull. Male with a small and very faint
oval impression at the apex of the fifth ventral, the sixth with a broadly
parabolic, shallow, gradually formed apical sinus, about a third as wide
as the segment, and sis times as wide as deep, the surface adjoining
extremely feebly impressed, the impression having a small patch of black
spicules anteriorly; female unknown. Length 7.2 mm.; width 1.15
mm. California, (Sta. Ana Caiion), — Mr. Wickham relictan. sp.

Head shining beneath, the micro-reticulation feeble 4

4 Elytral punctures confused in arrangement, except toward base, where

they become unevenly serial. Body moderately stout, piceous-black,
the elytra dark rufous, the abdomen deep black; legs ferruginous, the
antennae dusky; head but little longer than wide, the sides parallel
and straight for a short distance behind the eyes, the angles very
broadly rounded thence to the neck, the punctures coarse, deep, sep-
arated by more than their own diameters, the vertex impunctate in the
middle; antennae stout, the medial joints much longer than the sub-
apical: prothorax elongate- oval, much narrower than the head, coarsely,
rather sparsely punctate; elytra distinctly elongate, parallel, coarsely
and rather closely punctate, about two-fifths wider and a fourth longer
than the prothorax; abdomen finely, closely punctulate, narrower than
the elytra. Male with a small unimpressed glabrous area at the middle
at apex of the fifth ventral, the sixth with a triangular impression, the
apex broadly, parabolically sinuate; female with the sixth ventral
obtusely rounded at tip, not lobed or impressed. Length 6.3-8.5 mm.;
width 10-1.35 mm. California (San Diego to Humboldt) and Nevada
(Reno) jacobina Leo.

Casey — A Revision of the American Paederini. 117

Elytral punctures distinctly, though somewhat unevenly, serial in arrange-
meot throughout. Body similar in form and coloration to the pre-
ceding but smaller in size and more coarsely and closely sculptured;
head well developed, parallel at the sides, the angles very broadly
rounded to the neck; eyes unusually small, at more than three times
their own length from the base ; punctures very coarse and close- set,
becoming somewhat sparser on the vertex; antennae less stout than
usual, very feebly incras^ate distally, the medial joints equal in length
to the subapical; prothorax narrow and strongly elongate-oval, much
narrower than the head, coarsely and rather closely punctured; elytra
much elongated, parallel, two-fifths wider and a third longer than the
prothorax, very coarsely but not so closely punctate; abdomen slightly
narrower than the elytra, less finely and rather closely punctate,
somewhat shining. Male with a small oval glabrous pit on the median
line at apex of the fifth ventral, the sixth with a small shallow, broadly
rounded sinus at apex, the adjoining surface very feebly, triangularly
impressed and wif.i short black spiculifonn hairs as in the preceding
species; female with the sixth ventral very broadly, obtusely rounded
at tip. Length 6.7-7.5 mm.; width 1.05 mm. Ctlifornia (Hoopa
Valley, — Humboldt Co.) guoma n. sp.

5 — Head equal in width to tne elytra. Body rather stout, parallel, convex,

shining, pale testaceous in color throughout, the legs and antennae
concolorous — probably immature; head well developed, the sides
parallel, broadly, evenly rounded at base to the neck; eyes rather
small, at more than three times their own length from the base; punc-
tures notably coarse but well separated throughout; antennae not very
stout, rather short, the median joints but little longer than wide in
the female; prothorax oblong, slightly longer than wide, much narrower
than the head, the sides parallel and straight in the middle, the angles
broadly rounded, the anterior much more broadly than the posterior,
the punctures similar to those of the head, coarse and rather widely
separated, the median smooth line wide; elytra quadrate, parallel,
barely as long as wide, equil in length to the prothorax and a third
wider, the punctures very coarse, not close-set, arranged in rather
uneven series throughout; abdomen parallel, fully as wide as the
elytra, rather finely but not very closely punctate, shining. Male
unknown ; female with the sixth ventral broadly rounded at tip.
Length 6.0 mm. ; width 1.0 mm. California (Lake Co.).va!i(Iicep8 n. sp.
Head wider than the elytra; body more slender; elytra shorter than the
prothorax except in siibseriata 6

6 — Form moderately slender, dark rufo-piceous, the e'yra and legs

brighter rufou.*, the abdomen black, the antennae infuscile ; head oval,
somewhat longer than wide, parallel, the ba^al angles vtn-y broadly
rounded to the neck; eyes rather small; antennae t-tout, distinctly
incrassate distally, the medial joints about a third longer than wide, the
punctures coarse and deep but well separated; prothorax narrow,
elongate-oval, very much narrower than the head, the anterior angles
very broadly rounded and wholly obsolete, the punctures coarse, deep
and rather close-set; elytra parallel, slightly longer than wide, about a
fifth wider than the prothorax and equal in length to the latter, the

118 Trans. Acad. Sci. of St. Louis.

punctures only moderately coarse, uneven and very obscurely lineate
in arrangement; abdomen fully as wide as the elytra, parallel, some-
VFhat finely but not closely punctate and shining. Male with a deep
narrow impression in apical half of the median line of the fifth ventral,
the sixth with a broad shallow apical sinus and adjoining triangular
impression, the latter with short spiculose hairs much as in jacobina
and allied species ; female not at hand. Length 6.0 mm. ; width 0.85 mm.
Vancouver Island sabseriata Lee,

Form more slender and elongate and rather more depressed, the entire body
and legs bright testaceous, the abdomen piceous -black, the antennae
fuscous; head oblong, somewhat longer than wide, the sides parallel
and feebly arcuate, the basal angles moderately broadly rounded to the
neck; eyes unusually small, anterior; punctures moderately coarse,
deep, well separated; antennae moderately stout, very distinctly in-
crassate distally ; prothorax narrow, much elongated, very much nar-
rower than tue head, the sides subparallel, the apical angles less broadly
rounded and obliterated than iu subseriata, the punctures coarse and
rather sparse; elytra parallel, somewhat longer than wide, about a fifth
wider than the prothorax and slightly, though obviously, shorter, the
punctures coarse, uneven and close-set, arranged in very uneven series ;
abdomen as wide as the elytra, finely, rather closely punctate and only
feebly shiniug. Male with a rather larger rounded impressed and gla-
brous pit in apical half of the fifth ventral, the sixth very nearly as in
subseriata and other species; female unknown. Length 6.7 mm. ; width
0.8 mm. California (San Francisco) vafra n. sp.

Form very slender, smaller in size, d:irk piceo-rufous, the elytra and legs
rather brighter rufous, the abdomen more blackish; head subquadrate,
about as wide as long, the sides parallel and nearly straight; basal
angles broadly rounded to the neck; eyes small and but slightly convex;
punctures moderately coarse, rather close-set toward the sides and
base; antennae very stout, distinctly incrassate distally, the medial
joints but slightly longer than wide in the female; prothorax very much
narrower than the head, elongate-oval, the sides straight in the middle,
the anterior angles very broadly rounded and obliterated, the punctures
coarse but well separated; elytra parallel, rather longer than wide,
about a fourth wider and slightly, though obviously, shorter than the
prothorax, the punctures moderately coarse, deep, close-set and ar-
ranged in even and broadly impressed series, becoming confused toward
the inner apical angles; abdomen as wide as the elytra, finely, not
densely punctate and rather shining. Male unknown; female with the
sixth ventral evenly rounded behind, not lobed. Length 6.0 mm.; width
0.77 mm. British Columbia nstalata n. sp.

The species described by LeCoute under the name jacobina,
is the commonest Lathrobiid in California, occurring abun-
dantly almost everywhere and varying greatly in size; one
specimen was given me by Mr. Jiilich, who stated that he
took it near New York City ; further questioning failed to

Casey — A Revision of the American Paederini. 119

shake the positiveness of Mr. Jiilich that he himself had
captured it and was confident of the locality. In a similar
case a specimen of gnoma was sent to me many years ago by
a correspondent, who stated that he had collected it at Keo-
kuk, in Iowa. Having no reason to doubt the accuracy of
either of these assertions, we must conclude that the species
mentioned, as well as many other California beetles, are an-
nually transported across the continent in earth about the
roots of plants, in straw, among packed fruit or in other
ways, but fail to establish themselves in the east because of
the cold winters. Ustulata differs from s^ibseriata in its
more slender form and shorter elytra, with the punctures
more evenly serial ; as the elytra of the male are shorter than
those of the female, upon which sex ustulata is founded, the
abbreviation of the elytra in the male must be still more notable
when compared with the male oi suhseriata . PuncticepsJ^Qc.
belongs to a very different genus from pimcticejjs Sharp, and
the change of name of the former to lecontei by Duvivier
(Cat., 1883), is not necessary.

Liobratbium Key.

This genus and the two preceding form a rather natural
group, having the basal angles of the head and the anterior
angles of the prothorax very broadly rounded or obliterated.
In the present genus the gular sutures differ more than is
usually the case from species to species, but, although some-
times almost straight and approaching each other gradually
posteriorly, they always diverge before attaining the base
and are usually most approximate just behind the middle.
The species are smaller, more depressed and with longer
antennae than in the preceding genus, with the punctures less
coarse as a rule, those of the pronotum being generally
rather dense, in such manner that the smooth median line
seems to be somewhat elevated or more convex than the rest
of the surface. Lohrathium is more boreal than any of our
other genera having an epipleural fold and is doubtless well
represented in the great Canadian northwest, as well as in

120 Trans. Acad. Sci. of St. Louis.

northern Asia and Europe ; it descends along the mountains
in America as far south as Colorado. It is not at all closely
related to Lathroiaxis, which follows, although classified
under the same head in the table on account of the form of
the gular sutures, but, as before stated, belongs with Lathro-
tropis and Eulathrobium. The few species thus far brought to
light within our territories may be briefly described as fol-
lows : —

Body broader and stouter, the prothorax but slightly elongate; pale rufo-
testaceous throughout, the antennae and abdomen dusky; head large,
fully as wide as long, parallel and nearly straight at the sides, the
base broadly arcuato-truncate, the angles moderately broadly rounded;
eyes moderate, the punctures rather small and close-set, sparse on the
vertex; antennae but little longer than the head and prothorax, rather
slender, the medial joints decidedly longer than the subapical and fully
twice as long as wide; prothorax distinctly narrower than the head,
widest anteriorly, the sides distinctly converging to the base and
nearly straight, a fourth or tifth longer than wide, the anterior angles
moderately broadly rounded, the punctures rather small but deep,
irregular, close-set near the subelevated median line, the latter nar-
rowly impressed behind the middle for a short distance; elytra slightly
elongate, as wide as the head, subparallel with the sides feebly arcuate,
scarcely longer than the prothorax and about a fourth wider, coarsely,
very closely and sublinearly punctate; abdomen parallel, about as wide
as the elytra, finely, closely punctate. Male with ventrals two to five
strongly, not very broadly impressed along the median line throuuhout,
the fifth with a broadly rounded shallow sinus as wide as the attend-
ant impression ; sixth broadly impressed throughout in median third in
continuation of the preceding impressions, the apex with a narrower
and abruptly formed sinus nearly as deep as wide and widely rounded
at the bottom; impression anteriorly with a large patch of short
black spiculiform hairs narrowly divided along the middle; female
unknown. Length 7.0 mm.; width 1.1 mm. Washington State (Thurs-
ton Co.; tacoinae n. sp.

Body narrow and slender, the prothorax narrow and notably elongate;
medial joints of the antennae about equal in length to the subapical and
much less than twice as long as wide 2

2 — Sides of the prothorax feebly converging from apex to base, broadly
and almost evenly arcuate throughout; dark fusco-testaceous, the
elytra fiavo-testaceous, gradually blackish-piceous in basal half; ab-
domen piceous-black, the legs dark ferruginous, the antennae dusky,
longer than the head and protbcirax, rather stout, feebly incrassate dis-
tally; head rather longer than wide, parallel and broadly arcuate at the
sides, the base broadly arcuato-truncate, somewhat wider than the ely-
tra, with the basal angles moderately broadly rounded, the punctures
rather fine but deep and close-set toward the sides and base; prothorax
much narrower than the head, a third longer than wide, the apical angles

Casey — A Revision of the American Paederini. 121

moderately broadly rounded, the ba&al very small, the punctures rather
fine but deep, unevenly disposed, dense internally, the median line not
elevated; elytra much elongated, subparallel, a fourth vpiderand a fifth
longer than the prothorax, coarsely, closely, very unevenly and sub-
rugosely punctured, generally with feebly sublineate arrangement,
especially toward base; abdomen parallel, as wide as the elytra, finely,
rather closely punctulate and feebly shining. Male unknown; female
with the sixth ventral pale in color and broadly rounded at tip.
Length 5.8 mm.; width 0.9 mm. Montana (Kalispell), — Mr. Wick-
ham inoutanicnm n. sp.

Sides of the prothorax broadly and evenly rounded anteriorly, thence
distinctly converging and nearly straight to the base 3

3 — Body and legs rufo-testaceous in color, the elytra faintly darker in basal
half, the abdomen piceous-black, the antennae dusky; head slightly
elongate, the sides parallel and feebly arcuate; base truncate, the
angles moderately rounded, the punctures fine but strong, close-set,
nearly wanting at the middle of the vertex; antennae rather thick, much
longer than the bead and prothorax, distinctly incrassate distally;
prothorax small, much narrower than the head, fully a third longer
than wide, not very coarsely but deeply and closely punctate, the
median smooth line well defined and somewhat elevated ; elytra rather
small, slightly elongate, subparallel and feebly arcuate at the sides,
about equal in length to the prothorax in both sexes and a third or
fourth wider, coarsely, closely, unevenly and s-ubrugosely punctate;
abdomen as wide as the elytra, finely but rather strongly, moderately
closely punctulate and somewhat shining. Male with ventrals two to
four wholly unmodified, the fifth narrowly and just visibly flattened
along the middle, the apex broadly sinuatotruncate; sixth with a
feeble parallel and slightly oval impression, a third as wide as the teg-
raent and extending throughout the length, the bottom densely covered
with short black spiculiform hairs which are slightly parted along the
middle, the apex with a small abruptly formed, circularly rounded
sinus, a third as wide as the apex and nearly twice as wide as deep;
female with the sixth ventral more convex, broadly rounded at tip.
Length 5.5-6.0 mm. ; width 0.8 mm. Colorado (Ouray — 7500 feet eleva-
tion), — Mr. Wickhara coloradeuse n. sp.

Body dark rufo-piceous in color, the elytra bright rufous in apical half, the
abdomen black; legs and antennae rather pale, rufous; head not quite
as wide as the elytra in the female, with the antennae stout, longer
than the head and prothorax and evidently incrassate distally; sides
parallel and feebly arcuate, the base subtruncate, the angles broadly
rounded; eyes at two and one-half times their own length from the
base; punctures rather small, deep and close-set, sparse on the vertex;
prothorax small, much narrower than the head, nearly a third longer
than wide, less finely but deeply and densely punctate, especially toward
the smooth median line, which appears to be slightly elevated; elytra
but slightly longer than wide, the sides parallel and feebly arcuate,
two-fifths wider than the prothorax but only very slightly longer, the
punctures only moderately coarse and not very close-set but uneven,
subrugose and much confused; abdomen not quite as wide as the

122 Trans. Acad. Sci. of St. Louis.

elytra, finely, closely punctate and slightly shining. Male unknown;
female with the sixth ventral abruptly pale in color, more convex and
broadly rounded at tip. Length 5.6 mm, ; width 0.8 mm. Washington
State bipartitnm n. sp,

European species, such as bicolor Er. andpicipes Er., have
the head much more rounded at base, the eyes smaller and
the antennae very much more slender and elongate than any
of these American forms, and it is possible that the latter
mav be generically or subgenerically separated at some time in
the future; at present they seem most fittingly placed in
Lohrathium, which is not by any means a subgenus of
Lathrohium.

Liatbrotaxis n. gen.

The species of this genus are of larger size than any of
those which follow in the Lathrobia, comparing well in
stature with the less numerous and far more localized ia/A^'o-
tropis. The body is parallel and rather depressed, the coarse
punctures always very sparse, except on the abdomen, where
they are fine and close-set but not so dense as to give the dull
and lustreless appearance characterizing most of the subsequent
genera and resembling Linolathra more in this respect. The
strongly marked anterior angles of the prothorax, in connec-
tion with the broad depressed form, shining surface and
sparse, coarse sculpture, give to the members of Lathrotaxis
a peculiar and pronounced habitus, differing greatly from the
three genera immediately preceding but imitated in the minute
ft)rms constituting the genera Pseudolathra, Linolathra and
others of this group. The thirteen species in my cabinet are
distributed over the entire region north of Mexico and below
the Canadian boundary, but are notably more abundant in
the south and represented by only one or two species in the
northeastern states, where Lathrohium and Lathrobioma are
so abundant; they may be readily identified by the following
outline descriptions : —

Body black or piceous- black, with the elytra and sometimes also the pro-
thorax, paler 2

Body black throughout 11

Casey — A Revision of the American Paederini. 123

2 — Head widest near the base, the sides diverging posteriorly from the

eyes. Body very large in size, polished, black, the elytra bright rufous,
with a black scutellar cloud, the abdomen toward tip, legs and antennae
pale ferruginous; head large, rather wider than long, very coarsely
and sparsely punctate, the sides broadly arcuate; angles rather nar-
rowly rounded, the base broadly arcuato-truncate; eyes moderate; an-
tennae long and slender, filiform, not at all incrassate distally, longer
than the head and prothorax, the medial joints more than twice as long
as wide and much longer than the subapical; prothorax only very
slightly longer than wide and somewhat wider than the head, strongly
obtrapezoidal, the sides straight; punctures rather coarse, very sparse,
irregular, excepting a single close-set series at each side of the broad
median smooth line; elytra quadrate, parallel, very slightly wider and
longer than the prothorax, the punctures rather fine and arranged in
uneven series; abdomen narrower than the elytra, shining. Male with
the surface of the fifth and sixth ventrals wholly unmodified, the apex
of the former with a broad and very shallow cuspidiform emargina-
tion, the latter with a large triangular apical notch but little wider than
deep, one-half as wide as the apex, with its anterior angle slightly
blunt; female unknown. Length 10.4 mm.; width 1.4 mm. Arizona

(Williams), — Mr. Wickham centnrio n. sp.

Head parallel at the sides 3

3 — Head and prothorax black or blackish, always darker than the elytra. 4

Head black, the prothorax rufous and concolorous with the elytra 7

Head and prothorax rufous and concolorous with the elytra 10

i — Abdomen not rufous at tip — 5

Abdomen distinctly rufous at tip 6

5 — Body polished, black, the prothorax slightly picescent, the elytra dark

though clear rufous, with a feeble piceous scutellar cloud; legs and
antennae ferruginous; head subquadrate, as long as wide, the sides
straight, the angles rounded for a short distance to the neck, which is
three-fourths as wide as the head, the punctures coarse, uneven in size
as usual and very sparse; antennae a little longer than the head and
prothorax, mod'.^rately slender, feebly incrassate distally, the medial
joints barely twice as long as wide and shorter than the subapical; pro-
thorax oblong, only slightly longer than wide, slightly wider than the
head, the sides straight and only just visibly converging throughout,
the punctures moderately coarse, very sparse and irregularly distrib-
uted, the median smooth line bounded by a narrow closer aggregation
of punctures, not regularly serial; elytra quadrate or slightly elongate,
parallel, slightly longer than the prothorax and about a fourth wider,
the punctures only moderately coarse but strong, arranged in regular
and feebly impressed series; abdomen slightly narrower than the elytra.
Male with the fifth ventral gradually, very feebly sinuate at the middle of
the apex, the adjoining surface glabrous and shining but not impressed,
the sixth with a broad shallow, gradually formed, broadly rounded
sinus, about two-fifths as wide as the apex and six or seven times as
wide as deep, the surface with a large median patch of dense and
slightly stouter black hairs; female with the sixth ventral abruptly

124 Trcms. Acad. Sci. of St. Louis.

much narrower than the preceding, rounded at tip. Length 7.5 mm.;
width 1.18 mm. New York to Iowa and Texas (Galveston).

louginscnla Grav.

6 — Form rather stout, polished, black, the rufous elytra with a black basal

cloud, the legs and antennae pale; head quadrate, as long as wide, the
sides straight; angles moderately rounded, the neck very wide as usual,
the punctures coarse, very sparse; antennae long and rather stout,
much longer than the head and protborax, feebly incrassate distally, the
medial joints rather more than twice as long as wide and longer than
the subapical; prothorax nearly as in longiuscula, a little longer than
wide, the sides more converging from apex to base, just visibly wider
than the head, the punctures somewhat coarser and still sparser; elytra
elongate, parallel, a fourth wider and longer than the prothorax, the
punctures moderate, impref^sed, arranged in regular, scarcely impressed
series, except near apex, where they are finer and confused; abdomen
but little narrower than the elytra, finely, closely punctulate. Male
with the fifth and sixth veutrals wholly unmodified on the surface, the
former with a small shallow and gradually formed median sinus at
apex, the emargination in the form of a feeble cusp with broadly
rounded point, the sixth with a very large subcircularly rounded emar-
gination, occupying the entire apex and fully twice as wide as deep.

Length 7.0 mm. ; width 1.27 mm. Texas soror n. sp.

Form more slender, the elytra bright red, without a distinct basal cloud,
the legs pale, the antennae slightly infuscate; head as in soror but
smaller, the antennae rather thick, scarcely as long as the head and pro-
thorax, barely at all incrassate distally, the medial joints about two-
thirds longer than wide and longer than the subapical; prothorax
rather distinctly elongate, equal in width to the head, slightly narrowed
posteriorly, the sides nearly straight; basal angles more broadly
rounded than the apical as usual, the punctures not coarse but deep,
distinct, irregularly and sparsely distributed, more closely aggregated
along the median smooth line; elytra parallel, but little louger than
wide, very slightly louger than the prothorax and about a fifth wider,
the punctures small and very feebly impressed, arranged serially,
except toward apex, where they are broadly confused and still smaller;
abdomen much narrower than the elytra, finely and not very closely
punctate. Male with the fifth ventral broadly, subconically impressed
in apical two-thirds, the impression clothed with short coarse black hairs
extending obliquely outward from the glabrous median line, the apical
margin sinuate across the end of the impression, the sinus as wide as
the latter, evenly, circularly rounded and very shallow; sixth with a
very deep and acutely ogival incisure, twice as deep as wide, the
notch abruptly formed, with its opening two-fifths as wide as the apex,
the surface not modified. Length 7.8 ram.; width 1.12 ram. Texas
(Austin and Waco) fallaciosa n. sp. (Fvl. MS.)

7 — Abdomen not rufous at tip. Body moderately large and unusually

stout, the head and abdomen black, the remainder, including the legs,
pale and rufous; antennae ferruginous; head moderate, subquadrate,
the angles rounded as usual, not very coarsely, rather feebly and very
sparsely punctate; antennae well developed, longer than the head and

Casey — A Revision of the American Paederini. 125

pro thorax, rather stout, feebly incrassate distally , the medial joints some-
what more than twice as long as wide and distinctly longer than the sub-
apical; prothorax rather distinctly wider than the head, but little longer
than wide, obtrapezoidal, the sides strongly converging and straight,
the punctures small, very sparse and unevenly disposed, subserial along
the smooth line; elytra slightly elongate, large, parallel, a fourth wider
and longer than the prothorax, the punctures flue, very feeble, arranged
in wholly unimpressed and somewhat regular series, except toward
apex; abdomen distinctly narrower than the elytra, finely, closely punc-
tulate. Male with the fifth and sixth ventrals wholly unmodified on the
surface, the former scarcely visibly sinuato-truncate toward the middle
at apex, the latter with a gradually formed sinus, slightly wider than
deep, one-third as wide as the apex, the emargination broadly rounded
at the bottom, with its sides at first feebly diverging posteriorly.
Length 8.0 mm. ; width 1 .28 mm. Arizona (Winslow) , — Mr. Wickham .

praeceps n. sp.
Abdomen rufous at tip 8

8 — Antennae shorter, the medial joints but slightly elongated. Body small

and unusually slender, parallel, rufous in color, the head and abdo-
men — except toward tip — black, the legs and antennae pale testaceous ;
head rather longer than wide, coarsely, very sparsely punctate, the
sides nearly straight and just visibly converging from the eyes to the
broadly rounded basal angles; eyes well developed, at about one-half
more than their own length from the base; antennae moderately thick,
scarcely as long as the head and prothorax, but slightly incrassate dis-
tally, the medial joints scarcely one-half longer than wide, longer than
the subapical; prothorax only very slightly longer than wide, just vis-
ibly wider than the head, the sides parallel and very feebly arcuate, the
basal angles broadly rounded, the apical not at all rounded; punctures
coarse and irregular along the smooth median line, small and very
sparse elsewhere; elytra slightly elongate, parallel, a fifth wider and a
fourth longer than the prothorax, the punctures coarse, arranged in
regular and broadly impressed series; abdomen decidedly narrower
than the elytra, minutely and rather sparsely punctulate. Male un-
known; female with the sixth ventral narrow, evenly rounded at tip.
Length 6.4 mm.; width 0.95 mm. New Mexico (Albuquerque).

angasta n. sp.

Antennae more elongate, longer than the head and prothorax, very feebly

incrassate distally, with the medial joints almost twice as long as

wide 9

9 — Form somewhat stout, rather dark rufo-testaceous throughout, the

head piceous-black, the abdomen — except toward tip — black; head
fully as long as wide, coarsely, very sparsely punctate, subimpunctate
toward the middle as usual, the sides straight and parallel, the angles
well rounded; eyes at three-fourths more than their own length from
the base ; prothorax distinctly wider than the head, but little longer than
wide, the sides parallel and nearly straight, rounding toward base, the
punctures rather coarse and very sparse throughout but serial and
close- set along the median smooth space; elytra but slightly longer
than wide, parallel, a fifth wider and a fourth longer than the pro-

126 Trans. Acad. Sci. of St. Louis.

thorax, the punctures coarse, arranged in scarcely impressed regular
series; abdomen but slightly narrower than the elytra, finely, rather
closely punctulate. Male with the surface of the fifth and sixth ventrals
wholly unmodified, the apex of the former broadly, very feebly sinuate
toward the middle; sixth with a broadly rounded, shallow, gradually
formed parabolic sinus, half as wide as the apex and about four times
as wide as deep; female not differing greatly, the antennae nearly sim-
ilar in structure. Length 7.3 mm. ; width 1.5i2 mm. Texas (El Paso),—
Mr. G. W. Dunn — and New Mexico acomana n. sp .

Form rainer .ess stout and more elongate, similar in coloration, the testa-
ceous parts brighter; head similar, the eyes a little larger, at barely
one-half more than their own length from the base; prothorax narrower
and more elongate, nearly a fifth longer than wide, not evidently wider
than the head, the sides straight and parallel, the basal angles broadly
rounded, the anterior right, scarcely more than blunt, the punctures
only moderately coarse, feeble and very sparse, larger and closer but
confused along the median smooth space; elytra distinctly elongate,
parallel, a fifth wider and almost a fourth longer than the prothorax, the
punctures rather small, impressed, arranged in regular and broadly im-
pressed lines, except toward apex, where they are confused ; abdomen
somewhat narrower than the elytra, the punctures minute and not very
close-set. Male with sexual characters similar to the preceding, the
fifth ventral feebly sinuato-truncate throughout the width, the sinus of
the sixth similar in form, three-fifths as wide as the apex. Length 7.5
mm.; width 1.15 mm. Montana (western), Utah (Provo) and Arizona
(Winslow and East Bridge), — Mr. Wickham rubricollis n. sp.

10 — Body rather stout, parallel and less depressed than usual, moderately
convex, shining, rufo- testaceous, the legs and antennae concolorous,
the abdomen uniform in color throughout and rather pale piceo-rufous ;
head as wide as long, parallel and straight at the sides, the angles well
rounded, the punctures coarse and rather close- set, the eyes unusually
small, at much more than twice their own length from the base; an-
tennae fully as long as the head and prothorax, moderately slender,
very gradually and strongly incrassate distally, the medial joints two-
thirds longer than wide; prothorax oblong, distinctly elongate, not quite
as wide as the head, the sides subparallel and nearly straight, broadly
rounding toward base, the punctures rather coarse and only moderately
sparse, slightly more aggregated narrowly along the median smooth
space; elytra but little longer than wide, parallel, about a fifth wider
and longer than the prothorax, somewhat wider than the head, the
punctures rather coarse, only moderately sparse and very uneven, only
partially arranged in uneven series; abdomen distinctly narrower than
the elytra, the punctures much coarser than usual above and beneath
and rather close-set. Male with the surface of the fifth and sixth ven-
trals wholly unmodified, except a narrow Impunctate and glabrous un-
impressed line along the middle of each throughout, the apex of the
former broadly, very feebly sinuate toward the middle, the sixth with a
deep angulate notch at apex, the notch with straight sides rounding
outwardly toward tip, a little deeper than wide, half as wide as the

Casey — A Revision of the American Paederini. 127

segmental apex and with its anterior angle narrowly rounded.
Length 6.7 mm.; width 1.15 ram. Middle States polita Grav.

Body similar to the preceding but still stouter, parallel, scarcely so con-
vex, bright rufo-testaceous throughout and shining, the abdomen
blackish-piceous, paler andrufescent at apex; head similar but broader,
the basal angles more broadly rounded, the eyes sensibly larger, at
barely twice their own length from the base, the punctures almost as
coarse but denser toward the sides and sparser medially, the antennae
nearly similar but with the medial joints rather more elongate; pro-
thorax smaller and shorter, distinctly narrower than the head, not ob-
viously longer than wide, the sides feebly converging from apex to base
and broadly arcuate throughout, the punctures moderately coarse and
sparse, not more densely aggregated near the median smooth space;
elytra rather more elongate, parallel, a fourth wider than the prothorax
and nearly a third longer, less coarsely, rather more sparsely and still
less serially punctured; abdomen broader, nearly as wide as the elytra,
rather less coarsely but almost as closely punctulate. Male with the
surface of the fifth and sixth ventrals nearly as in polita, having a nar-
row glabrous median line throughout, but the fifth is less distinctly vsin-
uate toward tiie middle of the apex and the surface is feebly impressed
along the glabrous area near the apex; the notch of the sixth is more
equilateral, fully three -fifths as wide as the apex, distinctly wider than
deep, with its anterior angle slightly blunt. Length 6.4 mm. ; width 1.18
mm. Florida (Crescent City) floridae n. sp.

11 — Body very depressed, the legs black with the tarsi paler; antennae very
long and slender, with the medial joints much more than twice as long
as wide; surface shining; head small, coarsely, very sparsely punctate
laterally, broadly subimpunctate medially, rather wider than long, the
sides nearly straight, feebly converging from the eyes to the basal
angles, which are obtuse but only slightly rounded; eyes well devel-
oped; antennae black, almost half as long as the body, scarcely per-
ceptibly incrassate toward tip; prothorax much wider than the head,
only slightly longer than wide, the sides feebly converging from the
apex and very slightly arcuate, broadly arcuate toward base, the
punctures fine but distinct, very sparse, narrowly more aggregated
along the median smooth line; elytra but little longer than wide,
parallel, a third wider and longer than the prothorax, the punctures
fine, rather sparse, partially serial in arrangement; abdomen distinctly
narrower than the elytra, finely and closely punctulate. Male with the
fifth ventral wholly unmodified, the apex rectilinearly truncate through-
out, the sixth evenly and rather strongly rounded at tip, with a small
triangular and rather abruptly formed emargination, about a sixth as
wide as the base of the segment and rather deeper than wide, with its
anterior angle slightly blunt, the surface with a narrow and simple
glabrous cylindric impression along the mediaa line throughout, the
edges of the impression obtusely rounded; female with the sixth ven-
tral broadly angulate at tip. Length 6.5 mm.; width 1.18 mm. Cali-
fornia (Lake and Siskiyou Cos.) califoruica Lee.

Body normally convex, the legs and antennae pale ; antennae shorter, less
slender and more incrassate, not longer than the head and prothorax,

128 Trans. Acad. Sci. of St. Louis.

with the medial joints less than twice as long as wide; lustre
polished ^^

12 — Form stouter; head well developed, fully as wide as long, the sides
parallel and straight, the angles broadly rounded; eyes well developed,
at less than twice their own length from the base, the punctures coarse,
moderately sparse, wanting at the middle of the vertex; prothorax
distinctly elongate, just visibly wider than the head, the sides par-
allel, nearly straight, the basal angles broadly rounded, the punctures
only moderately coarse but less sparse than usual ; elytra longer than
wide, parallel, a fifth wider and barely a fourth longer than the pro -
thorax, the punctures fine, arranged in rather regular and feebly
impressed series almost throughout; abdomen distinctly narrower than
the elytra, minutely, not very closely punctulate and somewhat shining.
Male unknown ; female with the sixth ventral conical, convex, rather
narrowly but obtusely rounded at tip. Length 6.8 mm.; width 1.18
mm, California (Yuma) atronitens n. sp.

Form somewhat more slender and elongate; head very nearly as long as
wide, coarsely and sparsely punctate, the sides behind the eyes nearly
straight and just visibly converging to the broadly rounded basal
angles; eyes at one -half more than their own length from the base;
antennae rather thick, not quite as long as the head and prothorax,
the latter distinctly elongate, very slightly wider than the head, the
sides subparallel and nearly straight, broadly rounding toward base,
the punctures rather coarse, sparse, narrowly aggregated along the
median smooth area; elytra unusually elongate, parallel, fully a fourth
longer than wide, about a fourth or fifth wider and a third longer than
the prothorax, the punctures rather small but distinct, arranged in
regular and broadly impressed series nearly throughout; abdomen
obviously narrower than the elytra, minutely and rather sparsely
punctulate and shining, black above, the under surface feebly rufescent
throughout. Male unknown; female with the sixth ventral rather
broadly rounded at tip. Length 7.0 mm.; width 1.05 mm. Texas
(Galveston) galvestonica n. sp.

The representatives of more distinct structural types, among
the species above described, are californica, which stands
alone, ixjlita and Jloridae, which form an isolated group, and
longiusmla and all the other species, which form a natural
acro-resate, although, as may be inferred, there are marked
differences in coloration. The sexual characters oifallaciosa
are remarkably different from those of any other species, the
contrast between the very narrow deep ogival notch of the
sixth ventral in that species, and the large, broadly rounded
emaro-ination of the same segment characterizing soror, for
example, being very remarkable. It is probable that the
Lathrohium seriatum, of LeConte, previously referred to,

Casey — A Revision of the American Paederini. 129

belongs to this genus, but it differs from any of the above
forms in its more parallel sides, relatively smaller elytra and
more converging sides of the head behind the eyes — among
other characters. The Munich catalogue places castanea
Grav., as a variety of longiusculay but I have no means of
confirming this at present.

Pseudolathra n. gen.

The two species at present comprising this genus are among
the smallest known Lathrobiids ; they have a peculiarly de-
pressed form and extremely separated gular sutures, short
hind tarsi, with the four basal joints very short and subequal,
and other characters as stated in the table. They may be
described as follows : —

Form slender, subparallel, shining, the abdomen dull and very densely
punctulate; body pale rufo-testaceous, the head blackish-piceous, the
elytra sometimes piceous near the scutellum, the abdomen blackish,
gradually rufescent toward the tip, the legs and antennae pale; head
rather small, not coarsely, very sparsely punctate, slightly wider than
long, parallel and straight at the sides, arcuato- truncate at base through-
out the width, the angles obtuse but only very slightly rounded ; eyes
rather well developed, somewhat prominent, at scarcely twice their own
length from the base; antennae rather thick, feebly incrassate distally,
nearly one-half as long as the body, the medial joints about one-half
longer than wide; prothorax distinctly wider than the head in the male,
less obviously so in the female, oblong, only slightly longer than wide,
the sides distinctly converging from the strongly marked apical, to the
broadly rounded basal, angles, and straight, the punctures fine and very
sparse, except a close-set subimpressed series along the median smooth
line, which are coarser; elytra slightly longer than wide, a fourth
wider and a fifth longer than the prothorax, the sides straight and dis-
tinctly diverging throughout, the punctures rather sparse, fine, arranged
in unimpressed series, confused toward tip; surface narrowly, deeply
impressed along the sutural bead; abdomen nearly as wide as the
elytra, minutely, very densely punctulate, Male with the fifth ventral
unmodified, the sixth broadly rounded at tip, with a very shallow
emargination in the form of a broad cusp, the adjacent surface with a
small simple impression slightly longer than wide. Length 3.4 mm.;
width 0.63 mm. Texas (Austin, Waco, Houston and Galveston), Louis-
iana (Morgan City) and Iowa. \_=^ Americana Duviv.] aualis Lee.

Form and lustre somewhat similar to the preceding but larger, dark piceous
in color, the head and abdomen black, the latter only feebly paler at
the immediate tip ; legs and antennae pale ; head email, nearly as long

130 Trans. Acad. Sci. of St. Louis.

as wide, the sides parallel, the basal angles distinctly rounded; eyes
larger, at one-half more than their own length from the base, the
punctures relatively coarse and less sparse; antennae similar; prothorax
distinctly more elongate, wider than the head, the sides more nearly
parallel, straight, the punctures coarser, rather sparse, the medial series
similarly impressed; elytra much larger, distinctly elongate, two-fifths
wider and a third longer than the prothorax, the sides straight and
feebly diverging, the punctures fine and feeble, more close-set, the
series very uneven and ill-defined. Male with the surface of the fifth
and sixth ventrals wholly unmodified throughout, the latter not im-
pressed at tip, the apex rather narrow, with a gradually formed sub-
triangular sinus, one-fourth as wide as the tip, distinctly wider than
deep, with the bottom angle obtuse. Length 3.8 mm. ; width 0.7 mm.
Mississippi (Vicksburg) and Indiana (Cab. Levette) leTiceps n. sp.

The male of analis, from Morgan City, has the shallow
cuspidiform emargination of the sixth ventral rather deeper,
more abruptly formed or more triangular than the Texas
males, and the eyes are a trifle smaller, but there are no other
tangible differences.

Paralathra n. gen.

This genus is somewhat composite, for, with a general
habitus which is not very distinctive and suggestive of Lath-
rotaxis, it has the gular sutures of Lathrohiella and the hind
tarsi somewhat as in Lathrotaxis., from which it differs in
in the form of the gular sutures, densely punctate and dull
abdomen and narrower neck. The general surface is decid-
edly more convex than in Pseudolathra, the latter also hav-
ing the gular sutures much more widely separated at base or
more strongly divergent. I am compelled therefore to
regard the single species as a distinct genus; it may be
described as follows : —

Body rather stout, parallel, polished, the abdomen dull, pale and bright
rufous in color, the head dark rufo-piceous, the abdomen infuscate, be-
coming rufescent at tip, the legs and antennae pale; head rather well
developed, somewhat wider than long, parallel and nearly straight at
the sides, truncate at base, with the angles distinctly rounded; eyes
large and well developed but feebly convex, at about a third more than
their own length from the base, the punctures extremely sparse, not
very coarse ; antennae nearly half as long as the body, slender, feebly
incrassate distally, the medial joints not quite twice as long as wide;

Casey — A Revision of the American Paederini. 131

prothoras very slightly wider than the head, but little longer than wide,
the sides parallel and nearly straight, the apical and basal angles nar-
rowly and subequally rounded, convex, the punctures fine, very sparse,
coarser in a more close- set series along the median smooth line, the
series wholly unimpressed; elytra slightly elongate, a fourth wider and
longer than the prothorax, the sides just visibly diverging throughout
and nearly straight, the punctures flue, rather sparse, arranged in some-
what close -set, broadly impressed series, except toward tip where
all sculpture becomes very feeble; abdomen broad, as wide as the
elytra. Male unknown ; female with the sixth ventral narrow, evenly
rounded at tip. Length 4.6 mm. ; width 0.88 mm. Colorado (Greeley).

filicornig n. sp.

A sino-le specimen only of this species was received from
Mr. "VVickham some years ago.

Liinolatbra n. gen.

Tlie comparatively few known species of this genus have a
very distinct habitus, due to their small size, narrow and
rather convex parallel form, polished surface, with very coarse
and sparse elytral punctures, and distinct but not close-set
abdominal sculpture. They are strongly suggestive of Dac-
nochilus and are really much more closely related to that
genus than to Lathrotaxis or Lathrohiella. The four species
represented in my cabinet may be readily known as follows : —

Head and abdomen black • 2

Head and abdomen pale in color 4

2 — Tip of the abdomen rufous. Body parallel; prothorax, elytra and legs
pale and bright rufous, the elytra not definitely darker toward base;
head scarcely as long as wide, the sides subparallel and feebly arcuate,
the angles well rounded ; base subtruncate, the neck scarcely half as
wide as the head; eyes convex, at rather less than twice their own
length from the base, the punctures somewhat coarse, very sparse;
antennae moderately thick, very feebly incrassate, distinctly longer than
the head and prothorax, the medial joints less than half longer than
wide; prothorax small, slightly elongate, somewhat narrower than the
head, the sides parallel and feebly arcuate ; anterior angles distinct, the
basal rounded, the punctures moderately coarse, forming one or two
shorter curved lateral series and a well marked close series along the
median impunctate area, the latter series impressed toward base; elytra
quadrate, parallel, much wider than the head, a third wider and nearly
a fourth longer than the prothorax, the punctures coarse, impressed,
sparse, disposed in three or four series, the sutural being very widely
separated from the next discal series; abdomen slender, much nar-

132 Trans. Acad. Sci. of St. Louis.

rower than the elytra, rather shining. Male with a small, abruptly
formed, semicircular emargination at the apex of the fifth ventral, the
notch fully twice as wide as deep and a tenth as wide as the apex, the
adjacent surface glabrous, just visibly impressed along the middle for
a short distance; sixth segment longitudinally impressed along the
middle, the impression shallow but well defined, gradually narrowing
anteriorly throughout and extending nearly to the base, the apex with a
broadly rounded and gradually formed sinus, three-fifths as wide as the
apes and four or five times as wide as deep. Length 5.0 mm.; width

0.7 mm. Texas (Austin and Del Rio) gandeus n. sp.

Tip of the abdomen not paler 3

3 — Head less distinctly narrower than the elytra; antennae longer, thicker
and distinctly incrassate distally. Body parallel, moderately slender,
bright testaceous in color, the legs concolorous, the antennae inf uscate
except at base and apex; elytra abruptly black in basal three-fifths to
half; head slightly wider than long, the sides parallel and feebly
arcuate ; base arcuato-truncate, the angles obtuse but scarcely rounded ;
eyes at nearly twice their own length from the base, the punctures
very sparse; antennae unusually developed, thick, the median joints
about one-half longer than wide, slightly longer than head and protho-
rax, the latter slightly elongate, parallel, distinctly narrower than the
head, the anterior angles not rounded, the basal rather broadly; sides
straight, the punctures fine,very sparse laterally, with a single slightly
impressed series of larger punctures along the median smooth space;
elytra scarcely longer than wide, a fourth wider and about a fifth longer
than the prothorax, punctured nearly as in the preceding species but
rather more closely and less coarsely; abdomen narrower than the
elytra. Male with sexual characters as in gaudens, except that the
emargination of the fifth ventral is still smaller, much more gradually
formed and three or four times as wide as deep and with the entirely
similar impression of the sixth shorter, coming far from attaining
the segmental base. Length 4.6 mm. ; width 0.7 mm. Texas (Colum-
bus). l=horni Duviv.] dimidiata Say

Head smaller, always very much narrower than the elytra; antennae thinner
and only feebly incra^satebut as long as the head and prothorax. Body
slightly more slender, nearly similar in coloration, except that the
elytra are variable in ornansentation, some examples having a blackish
though more or less medial cloud in almost basal half, others with the
cloud almost obsolete; head fully as long as wide, rather coarsely but
very sparsely punctate toward the sides, the latter generally feebly
converging from the eyes to the rounded basal angles; prothorax dis-
tinctly elongate, subparallel, with broadly rounded basal angles, only
very slightly narrower than the head, the punctures rather coarse,
widely scattered near the sides, more distinct in the subimpressed
series along the medial smooth area as usual; elytra nearly as in
dimidiata but narrower and distinctly elongate; abdomen narrower than
the elytra. Male with the emargination of the fifth ventral very gradu-
ally formed, shallow, broadly rounded, three or four times as wide as
deep and an eighth or ninth as wide as the segment; sixth segment
with the impression shorter and broader, conical, with its apex broadly

Casey — A Revision of the American Paederini. 133

rounded and not acute as in the preceding species, ttie shallow and
broadly rounded apical sinus nearly similar, fully three-fifths as wide as
the apex. Length 4.4 mm. ; width 0.65 mm. Virginia, Tennessee,

Mississippi (Vicksburg) and Texas (Austin) fliitarsis n. sp.

4 — Body slender, polished, pale yellowish-testaceous in color, the abdomen
sometimes slightly piceous with the apex broadly rufescent; head
parallel at the sides, the angles obtuse but only slightly rounded, the
base arcuate, the punctures fine and very sparse; antennae as long as
the head and prothorax, rather slender and only very feebly incrassate
distally; prothorax slightly elongate, only just visibly narrower than
the head, the sides subparallel and nearly straight, the apical angles
very narrowly, the basal broadly, rounded; surface with a few coarse
punctures forming an arcuate series near the sides anteriorly and
others forming the usual series bounding the median impunctate area;
elytra distinctly elongate, subparallel, two-flfths wider and a third
longer than the prothorax, the punctures fine and extremely sparse,
arranged in a few series as in the preceding species; abdomen slightly
narrower than the elytra, more minutely and more closely punctulate
thanin^Wtorsis and the other species. Male not at hand ; female with
the sixth ventral very broadly and feebly rounded behind. Length 4.0
mm. ; width 0.62 mm. Arizona (Tu93on) litnaria Lee.

The species described by Say under the name Lathrohium
dimidiatum, is improperly identified in our cabinets, the
name being applied to the species called filitarsis in the table.
Filitarsis appears to be rather inconstant in other respects
than the coloration of the elytra, for example in the conver-
gence of the sides of the head behind the eyes, some examples
having the sides parallel without regard to sex. The male
sexual characters, are, however, virtually constant, and so no
division can be attempted. Dr. Sharp records tZwmZm^a from
Mexico, but the species is probably not the same, although
congeneric, as may also be the case with pusilla Shp., from
Tabasco.

Lathrobiella n. gen.

This genus is the most extensive of the plicate Lathrobia
and is composed of small species, frequently closely allied
among themselves. It has the same geographical distribution
as Lathrotaxis, although inclined to a more northern range,
and, up to the pre&ent time, is wanting as far as known in
California, where Lathrotaxis is represented by a single very
isolated species, atronitens belonging to the Sonoran fauna

134 Trans. Acad. Sci. of St. Louis.

and not truly to that of California. The species represented
in my cabinet may be divided for convenience into several
sections, as shown in the table, based largely upon general
habitus. The section represented by amhigua Lee, is very
distinct in facies from the others. The species may be
known by the following characters : —

Species of the ventralis type. Head small; prothorax largerj parallel, with
all the angles rounded, the elytra large, with the punctures finer, more
close-set and sometimes not distinctly serial 2

Species of the collaris type. Head small; prothorax nearly as in the pre-
ceding, the anterior angles generally less rounded, the surface more
coarsely punctured ; elytra wider and longer than the prothorax but
usually smaller than in the ventralis type, with the punctures coarser,
sparser and arranged in more or less impressed series 3

Species of the aemitla type. Head moderately small; prothorax oblong,
with all the angles more or less rounded; elytra much less developed,
but little wider and longer than the proihorax, with the punctures
arranged in close-set impressed series 7

Species of the amhigua type. Body smaller and more depressed than in the
preceding sections, the head subequal in width to the prothorax, the
latter elongate, parallel, narrow, with the sides straight, the anterior
angles right and not obviously rounded; elytra longer and much wider
than the prothorax, with the punctures rather irregularly serial 10

2 — Body moderately stout, black, the prothorax slightly piceous, the entire
abdomen paler, dark piceo-rufous, the legs and antennae pale; surface
polished, the abdomen densely dull; head about as long as wide, the
sides behind the eyes distinctly converging and straight to the basal
angles, which are obtusely rounded, the punctures coarse and sparse;
eyes rather prominent, at one-half more than their own length from the
base; antennae moderately slender, feebly incrassate distally, as long
as the head and prothorax, the medial joints about one-half longer
than wide; prothorax much wider than the head, distinctly longer than
wide, the sides parallel and very feebly arcuate, the punctures not very
coarse but deep and distinct, sparse, more aggregated narrowly along
the median smooth line; elytra parallel, distinctly elongate, two-fifths
wider and longer than the prothorax, the punctures not very coarse but
deep and strong, rather close-set, the series indistinct and extending
only slightly behind the middle; abdomen slightly narrower than the
elytra, parallel, straight at the sides, minutely and very densely punctu-
late. Male unknown; female with the sixth ventral broadly subangulate
at tip, the angle obtusely rounded. Length 4.7 mm. ; width 0.88 mm.

Texas (Galveston) nigricans n. sp.

Body rather more slender and elongate, shining with the abdomen densely
dull, pale rufo -testaceous in color, the head black, the elytra black but
rufo-piceous narrowly along the suture and broadly toward base, the
abdomen iufuscate; legs and antennae pale; head as long as wide, the
sides behind the eyes very feebly converging and straight to the obtuse

Casey — A Revision of the American Paederini. 185

but only slightly rounded basal angles, the base truncate; punctures
sparse, rather coarse ; antennae nearly as in nigricans but rather thicker,
the medial joints less than one-half longer than wide; prothorax more
elongate, distinctly wider than the head, parallel and very feebly arcu-
ate at the sides, the punctures only moderately sparse, rather coarse
and distinct, unevenly serial along the median smooth area; elytra much
elongated, parallel, fully a third wider and longer than the prothorax,
the punctures small but distinct, rather close -set, serial except toward
tip, sometimes rather confused throughout ; abdomen parallel, distinctly
narrower than the elytra. Male with the fifth ventral unmodified, the
sixth feebly impressed along the middle, the sides of the impression
obtusely rounded and not abrupt, the apex with a subtriangular sinus
with rounded angle, nearly a third as wide as the apex, somewhat wider
than deep and apparently eccentric and asymmetric, being to the right
of the centre — estimating from the segmental base — and with its right
side more strongly diverging from the axial line thap the left; female
not at hand. Length 4.5 mm. ; width 0.8 mm. New Jersey. \_— Lathro-

bium tricolor Csy.?] < ventralis Lee.

Body larger and much stouter, the head black; prothorax and elytra uniform
and concolorous, rufo-piceous, the abdomen piceous -black, becoming
rufous at tip and narrowly at the apex of each segment; legs and anten-
nae testaceous; head nearly as in ventralis, the eyes rather larger, the
nearly straight sides equally feebly converging and meeting the broadly
arcuate base in obtuse angles, which are scarcely at all rounded;
prothorax distinctly elongate, much wider than the head, parallel, the
sides broadly arcuate, the punctures rather coarse and not very sparse,
not lineate along the smooth area; elytra large, much elongated, sub-
parallel, a third wider and two-fifths longer than the prothorax, the
punctures not coarse but distinct, impressed, rather close-set and par-
tially serial; abdomen broad, equal in width to the elytra, finely and
densely punctulate. Male unknown; female with the sixth ventral very
obtusely subangulate and rounded at tip. Length 4.9 mm. ; width 0.92

mm. Pennsylvania barda n. sp.

3 — Antennae half as long as the body in the male, rather shorter in the
female, slender, but very slightly incrassate distally, the medial joints
nearly twice as long as wide. Body rather stout, only moderately convex,
colored as in collaris; head fully as long as wide, coarsely and sparsely
punctate, parallel at the sides, the angles rounded; prothorax large,
only very slightly longer than wide, smaller and straighter at the sides
in the female, much wider than the head, the sides feebly convergent
from apex to base and broadly, evenly arcuate throughout; anterior
angles rather distinct, the punctures fine and very sparse, lineate along
the median smooth space; elytra depressed, slightly elongate, the sides
feebly diverging and straight throughout, a fourth wider and a third
longer than the prothorax, the punctures strong, though not very coarse,
not close-set, arranged in even impressed series, confused toward
tip; abdomen broad, scarcely narrower than the elytra, minutely,
densely punctulate. Male with the fifth ventral unmodified, the sixth
not impressed but broadly glabrous toward the middle, the apex with
a large triangular notch much wider than deep, two- fifths as wide as

136 Trans. Acad. Sci. of St. Louis.

the apex, gradually formed, with the angle distinctly rounded, the lobes
of the apex evenly and rather strongly rounded. Length 4.6-5.4 mm. ;

width 0-88 mm. Iowa and Nebraska (Lincoln) gracilicornis n. sp.

Antennae distinctly less than half as long as the body; the medial joints less
elongate 4

4 — Prothorax smaller when compared with the elytra, its sides frequently

almost straight 5

Prothorax larger, the sides parallel and always distinctly arcuate 6

5 — Prothorax parallel and broadly arcuate at the sides; body moderately

stout, convex, polished, bright rufous, the legs and antennae pale, the
head black, the abdomen piceous-black, dull rufescent at tip; head as
long as wide, parallel and straight at the sides, with broadly rounded
basal angles, coarsely and sparsely punctate; antennae in the male as
long as the prothorax and elytra combined, only moderately slender,
scarcely at all incrassate, the medial joints three-fourths longer than
wide, a little shorter and thinner in the female; prothorax in the male
only slightly elongate, rather distinctly wider than the head, finely but
distinctly, very sparsely punctate, the punctures irregularly subserial
along the smooth area, narrower in the female, with the sides almost
straight; elytra distinctly longer than wide, the sides subparallel and
almost straight, fully two -fifths wider and longer than the prothorax
in both sexes, the punctures not coarse but distinct, arranged in regu-
lar and scarcely impressed series almost throughout; abdomen much
narrower than the elytra, densely punctulate. Male with the fifth
ventral unmodified, the sixth glabrous and very faintly impressed along
the middle, the apex with a very small triangular emargination, slightly
wider than deep, with its angle narrowly rounded, about a sixth
or seventh as wide as the apex, the lateral lobes strongly rounded ;
female with the sixth ventral broadly parabolic at tip. Length 5.7
mm.; width 0.95 mm. Oregon oregonensis n. sp.

Prothorax parallel and virtually straight at the sides — at least in the
female; — body rather more slender and parallel, bright rufous through-
out, except the head which is black, the piceous-black abdomen rufes-
cent at tip; head rather well developed, somewhat wider than long,
parallel at the sides, the basal angles only moderately broadly rounded ;
eyes rather prominent, well developed, the punctures coarse and sparse;
antennae in the female but little longer than the head and prothorax,
rather thick, distinctly incrassate distally, the medial joints two-thirds
longer than wide; prothorax distinctly elongate, only slightly wider
than the head, the sides subparallel and straight, the punctures un-
usually coarse, deep and conspicuous and only moderately sparse;
elytra parallel, slightly elongate, a third wider and longer than the
prothorax, with moderate punctures not very close-set in regular
impressed series, confused toward tip ; abdomen distinctly narrower
than the elytra. Male unknown. Length 5.5 mm.; width 0.9 mm.
Tennessee (Nashville") f allax n. sp.

6 — Antennae nearly half as long as the body, rather thick, distinctly
incrassate distally, the medial joints only slightly less than twice as
long as wide; head small, as long as wide, parallel at the sides, the
angles broadly rounded, the punctures coarse and sparse; prothorax a

Casey — A Revision of the American Paederini. 137

little longer than wide, much wider than the head in both sexes, the
sides subparallel and feebly arcuate, the basal angles broadly rounded,
the punctures fine, feeble, very sparse and inconspicuous; elytra
parallel, distinctly elongate, about a fourth wider and a fifth longer
than the prothorax in the male, relatively wider and longer in
the female, the punctures not very coarse, strongly impressed and
distinct, not very close-set in distinctly impressed series, confused
toward tip; abdomen rather wide, but little narrower than the elytra,
densely punctulate. Male with the fifth ventral unmodified, the sixth
narrowly glabrous and subimpressed along the middle, the apex with a
triangular emargination about as deep as wide, gradually formed,
about a third as wide as the segmental apex, with its angle acute and
not obviously rounded; lobes of the apex strongly, evenly rounded;
female more abundant than the male, nearly similar but with a rela-
tively smaller prothorax. Length 5.0-5.8 mm.; width 0.85-0.92 mm.
Massachusetts, Rhode Island, New York, Pennsylvania, Indiana and
Iowa collaris Er.

Antennae rather stout, distinctly incrassate distally, nearly half as long as
the body, with the medial joints about three-fourths longer than wide
in the male; coloration as in fallax; head fully as long as wide,
rather coarsely, very sparsely punctate, nearly as in collaris but with
the basal angles less broadly rounded; prothorax as in collaris but
shorter, only very slightly longer than wide, the sides distinctly
arcuate, similarly finely and sparsely punctate ; elytra distinctly elon-
gate, the sides subparallel, a third wider and longer than the prothorax,
the punctures smaller, feebler and less close- set than in collaris but
similarly arranged, the series much less impressed; abdomen narrower,
distinctly narrower than the elytra, densely dull and punctulate as
usual. Male with the fifth ventral unmodified as usual, the sixth nar-
rowly glabrous along the middle only in posterior half or slightly more,
not distinctly impressed, the apex with a very small triangular notch
about as deep as wide, only about a fifth as wide as the apex, the angle
of the notch not distinctly rounded, the lobes of the segmental apex
rounded, the notch apparently somewhat asymmetric, the right side —
proceeding from the segmental base — being more divergent than the
left; female unknown. Length 5.3 mm.; width 0.85 mm. North
Dakota (Devil's Lake) vagans n. sp.

Antennae thick but filiform, not appreciably incrassate distally, only very
slightly longer than the head and prothorax in the female, the medial
joints nearly as in vagans; coloration as in that species; head small,
nearly as in vagans throughout; prothorax rather large, distinctly
wider than the head and longer than wide, the sides parallel, broadly
arcuate, more rounded posteriorly and narrowed toward base as usual,
the punctures small but deep and distinct, sparse; elytra much elon-
gated, the sides subparallel, two-fifths wider and longer than the pro-
thorax, the punctures very fine and feeble, inconspicuous, widely set in
unimpressed series, confused toward tip: abdomen parallel, densely
dull, much narrower than the elytra. Male unknown. Length 5.7 mm. ;
width 0.9 mm. Nevada (Elko), — Mr. Wickham habilis n. sp.

7 — Male sexual characters of the collaris type, a small triangular notch at

138 Trans. Acad. Sci. of St. Louis.

the apex of the sixth ventral, the surface not obviously impressed. . . . 8

Male sexual characters more pronounced, the notch of the sixth ventral

larger and deeper, the surface impressed 9

8 — Antennae more slender than in collaris, gradually, rather distinctly in-

crassate distally, much longer than the head and prothorax, the medial
joints distinctly less than twice as long asvs^ide; body decidedly more
slender than in any of the preceding species, colored nearly as in
collaris, the elytra more piceous, the abdomen dark and fuscous, scarcely
paler at tip ; head nearly as in habilis, the punctures rather small and
very sparse ; prothorax distinctly elongate and wider than the head, the
sides parallel, evenly arcuate throughout, not more converging toward
base, the apical and basal angles almost equally rounded; punctures
very fine, sparse and inconspicuous; elytra much elongated, parallel,
scarcely a fourth wider and about a third longer than the prothorax, the
punctures very fine but distinctly impressed, not close-set in almost
wholly unimpressed series ; abdomen slender but only slightly narrower
than the elytra, densely dull. Male unknown;; female with the sixth
ventral obtuse and very broadly ogival at tip. Length 5.0 mm. ; width

0.8 mm. Virginia (Fredericksburg) merens n. sp.

Antennae as in merens but longer, stouter and much more strongly incras-
sate distally, extending nearly to the middle of the elytra; body still
more slender, almost similarly colored, the head black, the prothorax
bright testaceous, the elytra darker piceo-testaceous, the abdomen
blackish, rufescent toward tip ; legs and antennae pale ; head nearly as in
merens but with the basal angles very much more broadly rounded;
prothorax similar but larger, distinctly elongate and wider than the
head, parallel, the sides evenly and feebly arcuate, the four angles sub-
equally rounded; punctures equally flne and sparse, except in the series
along the median smooth area, where they are larger, the series
distinctly impressed, except very near the base and toward apex; elytra
subparallel, elongate, barely a fifth wider, and a fourth longer than the
prothorax, the punctures small and arranged in broadly and distinctly
impressed series; abdomen narrower than the elytra, minutely, densely
punctulate but less dull than in some other species. Male with the fifth
ventral wholly unmodified, the sixth narrowly glabrous and subimpressed
along the middle, the apex with a triangular notch, much wider than
deep, fully two-fifths as wide as the apex, gradually formed and with
its anterior angle slightly blunt, the notch evidently eccentric and
asymmetric, being situated slightly to the right of the centre and having
its right side much more widely diverging than the left; female not
known. Length 5.4 mm. ; width 0.78 mm. North Carolina (Asheville).

aeiuala n. sp.

9 — Body rather slender, fusiform, the head and abdomen piceous-black,.

the latter not rufescent at tip; prothorax dark testaceous to piceous,
the elytra blackish-piceous, sometimes paler along the suture and at
base; legs and antennae testaceous; head just visibly narrowed from
the eyes to the moderately rounded basal angles, the sides straight;
eyes well developed, the punctures rather coarse, very sparse; antennae
extending to basal third of the elytra, rather stout, moderately incras-
sate, the medial joints scarcely more than one -half longer than wide;

Casey — A Revision of the American Paederini. 139

prothorax obviously elongate, much wider thaa the head, the sides
parallel and straight, the basal angles rather more rounded than the
apical, the punctures fine, very sparse, larger and more close-set in the
unimpressed series limiting the medial smooth space; elytra elongate,
a fourth to fifth wider and a third to fourth longer than the prothorax,
subparallel at the sides, the punctures fine and not close-set, arranged
in unimpressed series; abdomen distinctly narrower than the elytra,
densely punctulate and dull. Male with a very small, extremely shallow
sinus at the middle of the apex of the fifth ventral, the sixth strongly
impressed along the middle, the impression rather abruptly limited
laterally, gradually narrowing from the apex and disappearing near basal
fourth, the apex with a large deep and abruptly formed triangular notch,
two-fifths as wide as the apex and fully one-half deeper than wide, with
its angle narrowly rounded, the notch wholly within the impression,
which extends narrowing along its sides to the apex, the apical lobes
narrowly rounded ; female with the sixth ventral obtusely rounded at
tip. Length 4.5 mm.; width 0.75 mm. Mississippi (Vicksburg).

modesta n. sp.

10 — Eyes of normal size and prominence, situated at distinctly less than

twice their own length from the base 1 1

Eyes notably smaller than usual, situated at about twice their own length
from the base ^^

11 — Body rather slender, the head black, the prothorax pale testaceous,

the elytra pale flavo-testaceous, with a small piceous cloud at the
scutellum; abdomen blackish, rufescent in apical third; legs and an-
tennae pale; head rather wider than long, very sparsely punctate, the
sides parallel ; angles only moderately rounded; antennae rather stout,
moderately incrassate distally, extending to basal third of the elytra, the
medial joints less than one-half longer than wide; prothorax oblong-
elongate, parallel, just visibly wider than the head, the punctures small
but distinct, sparse, somewhat larger and close-set in the series bound-
ing the medial smooth area; elytra evidently longer than wide, the sides
diverging throughout and straight, fully two-fifths wider and longer
than the prothorax, finely, very sparsely punctate, the punctures
arranged in unimpressed series; abdomen rather wide, but little nar-
rower than the elytra, minutely, closely punctulate but only moderately
dull in lustre, Male unknown; female with the sixth ventral narrowly
and strongly rounded at tip. Length 4.2 mm.; width 0.7 mm. New

York (near the city) fragilis n. sp.

Body somewhat more slender; head obscure testaceous to piceous-black,
the prothorax and elytra pale flavo-testaceous, the latter with a rounded
piceous cloud about the scutellum; abdomen fuscous, paler toward tip,
the legs and antennae pale ; head as in fragilis but narrower and as long as
wide, the basal angles still more narrowly rounded ; antennae longer
and more slender, extending fully to the middle of the elytra, only very
feebly incrassate distally, the medial joints rather more than one-half
longer than wide; prothorax narrower and relatively more elongate,
subparallel and straight at the sides, only very slightly wider than the
head, punctured as in fragilis; elytra similar in form though relatively
larger, more strongly and closely punctate, nearly one-half wider and

140 Trails. Acad. Sci. of St. Louis.

two-fifths longer than the prothorax; abdomen narrower^ more densely
punctulate and dull, distinctly narrower than the elytra. Male with
the fifth ventral wholly unmodified, the sixth elongate-ogival in form,
the very narrow apex with a minute and circularly rounded, very abruptly
formed emargination, a third wider than deep, the lobes of the apex
acute and not rounded, the surface adjacent with an ill-defined but dis-
tinct impression along the median line, strongest at apex and disappear-
ing at two-fifths from the base ; female nearly as in fragilis. Length
4.0 mm.; width 0.68 mm. Pennsylvania, Indiana and Mississippi
(Vicksburg) rubidan.sp. (Fvl. MS.)

12 — Head slightly wider than the prothorax. Body very slender, the head

and prothorax piceous-black, the elytra testaceous, with a piceous
scutellar cloud; abdomen blackish, rufescent at tip, the legs and
antennae pale; head well developed, sparsely, rather coarsely punctate,
parallel at the sides, the angles rather broadly rounded; eyes very small,
at two and one-half times their length from the base ; antennae moderate,
slightly incrassate, the medial joints scarcely one-half longer than wide;
prothorax narrow and notably elongate, the sides just visibly con-
verging throughout and straight, the punctures sparse but rather coarse,
very close-set in a single impressed series at each side of the medial
smooth area ; elytra narrow and elongate, the sides straight, only just
visibly diverging, the punctures fine, sparse, arranged in unimpressed
series; abdomen not quite parallel, at base distinctly narrower than
the elytra, but, posteriorly, fully as wide as the latter, finely but not very
densely punctulate and feebly shining. Male with the fifth ventral
wholly unmodified, the sixth broadly obtuse at tip, with a parabolic
and gradually formed sinus, a third as wide as the apex, twice as wide as
deep and symmetric, the adjoining surface narrowly and feebly im-
pressed along the middle for a short distance; female unknown.

Length 4.7 mm. ; width 0.68 mm. Iowa famelica n. sp.

Head more or less distinctly narrower than the prothorax 13

13 — Form slender, subparallel, slightly depressed, pale testaceous through-

out, the elytra sometimes clouded with piceous toward, but not attaining,
the suture ; head and abdomen piceous or black, the latter rufescent
toward tip; head parallel at the sides, very sparsely punctate, the basal
angles not broadly rounded; eyes at very slightly less than twice their
own length from the base; antennae rather thick, extending nearly to
the middle of the elytra, feebly incrassate, the medial joints barely
one-half longer than wide; neck distinctly more than half as wide as
the head; prothorax elongate, narrow, parallel, the sides straight,
punctured as in rubida; elytra elongate, the sides feebly diverging and
straight, two- fifths wider and fully a third longer than the prothorax,
the punctures moderate, impressed, rather close-set in scarcely im-
pressed series; abdomen narrower than the elytraj subequal thereto
posteriorly, densely punctulate and dull. Male with the sixth ventral
nearly as in rubida, the apex slightly more obtuse, the notch a little
larger and twice as wide as deep and the impression of the surface
broader, feebler and less defined. Length 4.2 mm.; width 0.7 ram.

Iowa and Lake Superior ambigna Lee.

Form slender, parallel, nearly similar to the preceding but more convex,

Casey — A Revision of the American Paederini. 141

blackish-piceous, the prothorax but slightly paler; elytra with a piceous
scutellar cloud; abdomen rufescent at tip, the legs and antennae pale;
head larger, coarsely and rather less sparsely punctate, parallel, the
basal angles moderately rounded ; eyes at twice their length from the
base; antennae rather slender, nearly half as long as the body, feebly
incrassate distally, the medial joints two-thirds longer than wide; pro-
thorax elongate, scarcely visibly wider than the head, subparallel, all
the angles well rounded, the punctures fine, sparse, more distinct and
rather unevenly crowded in the feebly impressed series along the medial
smooth area; elytra elongate, the sides straight and very feebly diverg-
ent, about a fourth wider and scarcely a third longer than the prothorax,
punctured nearly as in ambigua; abdomen parallel, subequal in width
to the elytra, finely but strongly, densely punclulate and rather dull.
Male unknown; female with the sixth ventral very broadly rounded and
obtuseattip. Length 4.3 mm.; width 0.68 mm. Indiana ? (Cab. Levette).

Integra n. sp.
Form slender and parallel, normally convex, larger than the two preceding,
pale and bright testaceous in color,the head and abdomen black or slightly
piceous, the latter rufescent at tip; head very sparsely, rather coarsely
punctate, parallel, the basal angles rather well rounded ; eyes at slightly
less than twice their own length from the base ; antennae moderately long
and slender, only just visibly incrassate, the medial joints three-fourths
longer than wide ; neck one-half as wide as the head ; prothorax oblong,
parallel, the sides straight, all the angles rounded, distinctly elongate
and slightly wider than the head, the punctures rather small but strong,
only moderately sparse, not larger and only indistinctly seriate along
the median smooth space; elytra slightly elongate, parallel and straight
at the sides, a third wider and one-fourth longer than the prothorax,
the punctures floe but distinct, rather close-set in very feebly impressed
narrow series; impression along the sutural bead narrow but deep and
conspicuous; abdomen subparallel, narrower than the elytra, finely,
densely punctulate though slightly shining, Male unknown; female with
the sixth ventral broadly rounded at tip. Length 5.2 mm. ; width 0.78
mm. North Carolina (Asheville) angnstnia n. sp.

The eccentricity and asymmetry of the secondary male sex-
ual modifications seems to be a reality in many species of this
genus, for it is unlikely that abnormalities of this kind would
occur with such uniformity and with such constancy of charac-
ter. In this connection the reader is referred to a pronounced
asymmetry in the secondary sexual characters of Palaminus,
alluded to some years ago by the writer. There are four quite
distinct types of male sexual characters in Lathrobiella : first
the usual triangular notch of the veniralis and collaris groups,
also appearing in aemiila and probably merens; second the
more strongly marked modifications characterizing modesta —

142 Trans. Acad. Sci. of St. Louis.

rather a singular circumstance in view of the notable external
similarity of this species to aemula; third the rounded
sinus of famelica, and, fourth, the pointed sixth segment
with very minute notch observable in amhigua, rubida and
probably fragilis, these last species differing from the others
also in the much more widely diverging gular sutures, less pro-
nounced difference between the first and second joints of the
hind tarsi and more depressed form, — so that they probably
constitute at least a subgenus. The grouping in the table is
arbitrary and based solely upon general habitus, in order to
facilitate identification. The amhigua group, for example,
contains several discordant elements.

Of the species allied to collaris, as given above — these being
likely to prove most troublesome to the identifier, — it may be
stated in short that gracilicornis is distinguished by its longer
antennae, orego7iensis by its larger and broader elytra, follax
by the strong pronotal sculpture, vagans by sexual differences
in the male and rather more slender form, and, hahilis, by
its almost completely non-incrassate antennae and very feeble
elytral sculpture. There are other forms which appear to be
offshoots of the coUaris stem, but at present it would serve
no useful purpose to describe them. CoUaris is an abundant
species, widely diffused through the northeastern parts of Ame-
rica and is one of the few plicate Lathrobiids thus far known
to occur in the New England states.

T7'icoIor was stated some years ago by Dr. Horn to be a
synonym of ventralis Lee, but I am by no means certain of
the correctness of this synonymy, the unique type of ventralis
differing considerably in color. Additional comparisons are
desirable. The above description is drawn from the original
types of tricolor.

Microlathra n. gen.

The few species assignable to this genus are readily dis-
tinguishable from those of Latlirohiella by the more parallel
form, uniformly pale coloration, larger subpyriform head, with
very small eyes and a general habitus which strongly recalls

Casey — A Revision of the American Paederini. 143

Lathrohioma of the non-plicate series. It is probable that
both of the known species are found with ants, at least at
certain seasons, for a specimen of pallidula^ given me by the
late Mr. Jiilich, was said to have been taken by him in an
ant's nest. The degree of intimacy between various beetles
and ants of course varies greatly, and, in many Staphylinids,
such as those under discussion, there is but little evidence of
true symbiosis, or it may be said at least, that the degree of
association has not been carried sufficiently far to have mod-
ified their structure to any noticeable extent. The eyes, it
is true, are unusually small, but they are perfectly formed and
probably perform the full function of eyes as in other genera.
The two species in my cabinet may be briefly described as
follows : —

Form slender, parallel, pale testaceous throughout, polished; head as long
as wide, very slightly enlarged toward base, the sides broadly arcuate ;
angles broadly rounded, the punctures not very coarse, sparse; eyes at
fully three times their own length from the base; antennae rather thick,
slightly longer than the head and prothorax, gradually and distinctly
incrassate, the medial joints less than one-half longer than wide; pro-
thorax somewhat narrower than the head, longer than wide, the sides
very feebly converging from the distinct apical angles, sometimes
broadly and feebly sinuate anteriorly, the basal angles rounded, the
punctures fine, very sparse and feeble, sparsely subserial along the
median smooth area; elytra slightly shorter than wide in the male and
but little longer in the female, distinctly shorter than the prothorax in
both sexes and obviously wider, the sides straight and strongly diverg-
ing, the punctures very fine, sparse and feeble, obscurely subserial in
arrangement; abdomen at base as wide as the elytra or nearly so, dis-
tinctly wider posteriorly, finely, not densely punctulate and somewhat
shining. Male with the fifth ventral wholly unmodified, the sixth
broadly obtuse at tip, with a small simple subtriangular and gradually
formed emargination, three times as wide as deep and a third as wide
as the apex, the lobes of the latter broadly, feebly rounded; female with
the sixth ventral evenly and strongly rounded at tip. Length 4.1 mm. ;
width 0.68 mm. Massachusetts (Lowell) and New York (Staten
Island pallidola Lee.

Form still more slender, with smaller head and prothorax and much
larger elytra; coloration and lustre similar; head fully as long as wide,
rather finely, moderately sparsely punctate, broadening slightly toward
base, the sides broadly arcuate, the angles widely rounded; eyes at
three times their length from the base; antennae extending to basal
third of the elytra, nearly as in pallidula; prothorax elongate, equal in
width to the head, parallel, the sides very feebly arcuate ; anterior angles
distinct, the posterior narrowly rounded; punctures fine, feeble and

144 Trans. Acad. Sci. of St. Louis.

very sparse, forming a widely-set series along tbe median smooth
space; elytra subparallel, distinctly longer than wide, a fourth longer
and fully a fourth wider than the prothorax, the punctures small and
sparse but arranged in widely and feebly impressed series; abdomen
distinctly narrower than the elytra, subparallel, finely, not densely
punctulate. Male unknown; female with the sixth ventral evenly and
rather strongly rounded behind. Length 4.1 mm. ; width 0.66 mm. Penn-
sylvania ratilans n. sp.

Neither of these species seems to be at all common and I
have but four examples altogether.

Dacnocbilus Lee.

The general habitus of this genus is similar to that of Li-
nolathra and the coloration of the body also reminds us of the
small slender species so named above. There are many
structural features, also, that prove the very close relation-
ship existing between the two genera, such as the hind tarsi,
gular sutures and disposition of the elytral punctures. Dac-
nochihis diflers especially in the form of the labrum, in the
short obtrapezoidal form of the prothorax and presence of
long stiff tactile setae bristling at the sides of the body — so
greatly developed in Acalophaena. We have, as far as
known, but a single species as described below : —

Form slender, convex and parallel, polished, pale testaceous throughout,
except about basal half of the elytra, which is abruptly black; head
well developed, wider than long, with a few coarse impressed punctures
near the sides, the latter feebly diverging behind the eyes and slightly
arcuate, the angles narrowly rounded; eyes large, prominent, at about
a third more than their own length from the base; antennae distinctly
longer than the head and prothorax, rather slender basally but gradually
strongly incrassate distally, the medial joints less than one-half longer
than wide; prothorax obtrapezoidal, distinctly wider than long, equal
in width to the head, the sides very feebly arcuate, the anterior angles
narrowly rounded, the basal more broadly, the punctures rather small,
very widely scattered toward the sides anteriorly and widely spaced in a
single series at each side of the median smooth area, elsewhere wanting;
elytra not quite as long as wide, parallel, the sides feebly arcuate
posteriorly, slightly wider and longer than the prothorax, the punctures
fine and feeble, widely spaced in a very few widely separated series,
each puncture bearing a stiff hair; abdomen behind the middle as wide
as the elytra, slightly narrower at base, finely, very sparsely punctulate
and polished. Male with the fifth ventral unmodified, except a small

Casey — A Revision of the American Paederini. 145

and very feeble sinuatiou at the middle of the apex; sixth narrow, with
a circularly rounded apical sinus, four or five times as wide as deep
and half as wide as the apex, the edge finely beveled, the surface con-
ically and moderately impressed along the middle before the sinus, the
impression not abruptly formed and glabrous; female with the sixth
ventral conical, transversely sinuato-truncate at t'p. Length 5.5 mm. ;
width 0 85 mm. Texas (Galveston) laetns Lee.

Other species of this genus occur in Mexico. The pleural
fold of the elytra characterizing the preceding genera appears
to be wholly obsolete in Dacnochilus, but the fine carina de-
limiting the epipleurae proper is well developed. In Acalo-
phaena there is a feeble vestige of the pleural fold posteriorly.

Acalophaena Shp.

This remarkable genus, although evidently related to Dac-
nochilus, is much more highly specialized. The body is singu-
larly compact longitudinally, broadly convex, with a relatively
narrower neck than in Dacnochilus and with the abdomen
densely punctulate, in striking contrast to that genus; the
antennal joints are less narrowed toward base than usual
or may be said to be almost subcylindric and the basal joint
is not of the usually elongate cjdindrical form, but is shorter
and strongly compressed. Our only species known to me is
the following : —

Form very broad, convex, polished, bristling with long setae at the sides, pale
testaceous throughout, except the abdomen, which isinfuscate; head
very transverse, trapezoidal, the sides strongly diverging to the narrowly
rounded basal angles and almost straight ; base very broad, truncate ; eyes
rather small, not prominent, at nearly twice their own length from the
base, the punctures wholly wanting, except a few, small in size, sparsely
scattered at the extreme sides; antennae very slender, only slightly
incrassate, rather compact, as long as the head and prothorax, the
latter not quite twice as wide as long, the sides slightly converging
from apex to base and evenly arcuate; anterior angles distinct, the pos-
terior broadly rounded; base and apex truncate; surface wholly sculp-
tureless, except a few small punctures near the side margins, especially
anteriorly; elytra two-thirds wider than long, the sides straight,
slightly diverging at apex, slightly wider than the prothorax and nearly
two-fifths longer; suture not beaded; surface not impressed along the
suture, wholly sculptureless, except a few small punctures serially
arranged at the extreme sides; abdomen short and broad, as wide as the

146 Trans. Acad. Sci. of St. Louis.

elytra, the sides converging rapidly from base to apex and broadly
arcuate ; segments very short ; surface finely, densely punctulate and dull.
Male unknown; female with the sixth ventral narrow, transversely
truncate at tip. Length (contracted) 3.2 mm. ; width 1.0 mm. Arizona.

compacta n. sn.

There are other species of this genus in northern Mexico*
but I do not know of any additional from our own territories.
Acaloph ena was proposed by Dr. Sharp as a substitute
for the preoccupied name Calophaena Arrib., (Bol. Acad.
Nac.,vii, p. 270), founded upon the Argentine hasalis Arrib.
The Mexican angidaris Er. and the South American ^jo?z7a,
pagana, germana and pida, of Sharp, included by Dr. Sharp,
differ greatly from the two species here described in their
slender form and relatively broader neck, and it is probable
that they will prove to be generically different. It is a re-
markable fact that compacta and horridula agree much more
closely with hasalis — the type of the genus — than those
just mentioned. The very short compact form and unusual
facies of compacta and horridula, would seem to indicate
some specialized or restricted life habits, such for example as
a termitophilous symbiosis, which is also ascribed by Arribal-
zao-a to the typical basalis, while angidaris and the others
allied thereto, probably have habits not differing in any way
from those of Dacnochilus.

LiTHOCHARES.

The densely punctulate and dull sculpture, together with
certain habital features of this subtribe, gives to the species
a superficial similarity to the Medones — so much so that the
genus Lithocharis has been included by Hey den, Reitter and

* One of these may be described as follows: —

Form and structure throughout as in compacta but larger, pale tes-
taceous throughout, except the head and elytra which are black, the apex
of the latter very narrowly — but more broadly toward the sides — tes-
taceous; sculpture and tactile setae similar to those of compacta, the ab-
dominal punctulation less dense and with the surface shining, each segment
with a transverse median series of erect stiff setae not evident in compacta.
Length. 44 mm. ; width 1.2 mm. Mexico (Vera Cruz) horridaal n. sp. ^

/^

Casey — A Revision of the American Paederini. 147

Weise as a subgenus of Medon. They differ radically from
the Medones, however, in the structure of the prosternum
under the coxae, this sclerite ending posteriorly in an acute free
point, coming far from attaining the mesosternum and formed
as in the Lathrobia. The labrum, also, differs from anything
known in the Medones and in fact is subtribally distinctive,
for, although in several other subtribes, such as the Paederi
and Medones, we occasionally observe a short sharp denticle
at the bottom of the median emargination, there is no other
group in which the median tooth becomes the most conspicu-
ous feature or formed as it is here. In short, the distinctive
character of the labrum in the Lithochares is a median tooth,
without trace of lateral denticulation, while in the Medones
it is the development of lateral teeth and absence of anything
but a rarely observable and wholly different medial denticle.
The Lithochares agree with the Medones, however, in having
the anterior tarsi either dilated or uudilated, departing from
the uniformly dilated condition of the Lathrobia. We have
but two genera as follows : —

Form rather stout, parallel, larger in size, moderately convex, finely,
densely sculptured and dull in lustre; head oblong, well developed,
broadly sinuato -truncate at base; eyes moderately large, not very
prominent; labrum well developed, broadly arcuato-truncate, with a
short, obtuse and dorsally swollen median tooth, not projecting be-
yond the general line of the apes and bordered at each side by a small
emargination; gular sutures well separated anteriorly, gradually con-
verging and most approximate and narrowly separated at the base;
ligula densely fimbriate at tip with broad obtuse strigose ar.d sub-
membranous spicules; paraglossae compressed; labial palpi slender
and elongate; maxillary palpi slender, elongate, the third joint elongate-
oval, with the apical cavity small, the fourth joint very slender and
aciculate, not very oblique; antennae slender, filiform, moderate in
length, the joints obconical; neck barely two-fifths as wide as the
head; prothorax obtrapczoidal, broadly produced in the middle at apex,
truncate at the neck ; prosternum short before the coxae ; elytra well
developed, longer and wider than the prothorax; abdomen with the
segments only feebly impressed at base; legs blender, the anterior tarsi
moderately dilated, densely padded beneath, the posterior three-fourths
as long as the tibiae, with the first joint much longer than the second
and subequal to the fifth, nearly as in Dolicaon. America.. Aderocharis

Form rather more slender, less parallel, the head small, finely, densely dull
in sculpture throughout; head broadly arcuato-truncate at base, the
eyes large and conspicuous, labrum as in Aderocharis but with the

148 Trans. Acad. Sci. of St. Louis.

sinuation at each side of the median tooth broader and feebler; an-
tennae, gular sutures and palpi similar; ligula densely fimbriate at
tip with about six stout membranous spicules; necls scarcely more
than a third as wide as the head; prothorax subquadrate; presternum
rather short; elytra large and well developed; abdomen narrower, the
segments narrowly and feebly impressed at base; legs slender, the an-
teiior tarsi not dilated, the posterior slender and shorter, the first joint
only slightly longer than the second, equal to the fifth, the first four
decreasing uniformly in length. Cosmopolitan. [— Metaxyodonta Csy.l;.

Lithochaiis

The known species of these genera are comparatively few
in number.

Aderocharis Shp.

This genus is rather well represented in Mexico by several
species, but only one occurs widely distributed within our
territories as follows : —

Body broad, parallel, only very moderately convex, dark red-brown in
color throughout, the head black or blackish; surface throughout
rendered very dull in lustre by fine, densely placed bnt not con-
flueut punctures, which are granuliform on the elytra; head not quite
t:S*Iong as wide, parallel, the sides feebly arcuate, the angles rather
nairowly rounded; eyes at nearly twice their length from the base;
antennae scarcely as long as the head and prothorax, the latter not
quite as wide as the head, slightly wider than long, with the sides dis-
tinctly converging from the very distinct apical, to the broadly rounded
basal, angles, and straight; median impunctate line yery fine but entire;
elytra quadrate, parallel, a fourth wider and longer than the prothorax;
abdomen parallel, nearly as wide as the elytra. Male with the fifth
ventral just visibly sinuate toward the middle of the apex, the sixth
broad, aa^gularly emarginate throughout its entire width at apex, the
emargination some seven times as wide as deep, with the angle only
slightly rounded; seventh unusually developed, finely, longitudinally
siit beneath nearly throughout its length ; female with the sixth ven-
tral rather narrowly and strongly rounded at tip. Length 6.5 mm. ;
width 1.3 mm. Pennsylvania, Virginia, North Carolina (Asheville),

and Iowa corticina Grav.

This species is moderately abundant and displays little or

no variability.

Liithocliaris Lac.

The species of this genus are but few in number, and, in
several instances, cosmopolitan in distribution, being probably

Casey — A Revision of the American Paederini. 149

continually transported in articles of commerce, as there is
no variation, even of a varietal nature, to denote long estab-
lishment in any particular locality, but, whether originating
in America or Europe, is a question not yet solved; the
probabilities are that the genus was originally exclusively
American. The three species in my cabinet may be readily
known as follows from the male : —

Male with a fringe of short black spinules in median third of the fifth
ventral. Body moderately slender, subfusiform, feebly convex, pale
brown throughout and dull in lustre, the head black; punctures flue and
extremely close-set, subgranuliform on the elytra; head rather wider
than long, subparallel at the sides, the angles rather broadly round- d;
eyes at not quite their own length from the base; antennae somewhat
longer than the head and prothorax, the latter slightly wider than the
head, a little wid-^r than long, the sidfs parallel and feebly arcuate ;
base and apex broadly, equally and subevenly arcuate, the angles obtuse
but only slightly rounded; median smooth line obsolete; elytra
quadrate, parallel, two- fifths wider and longer than the prothorax;
abdomen parallel with the sides broadly arcuate, narrower than the
elytra throughout. Male with a large subparabolic emarginati.jn,
much wider than deep, occupying the entire width of the sixth ventral,
the surface along each side of the sinus broadly, feebly impressed and
bearing a dense tuft of long pale hairs; apex of the fifth transversely
truncate, the spinules in median third turned inward. Length 3.7
mm.; width 0.7 mm. America (from the Atlantic to the Pacific) and
Europe. {= Metaxyodonta aUitacea and quadricollis Csy.].

ochracea Grav.

Male without trace of median spinules at the apex of the fifth ventral.. 2

2 — Form similar to ochracea, the size somewhat smaller; coloration, lustre
and sculpture similar; head similar to that of ochracea, the eyes large
and at distinctly less than their own length from the base; gular
sutures similarly strongly impressed but rather less approximate,
being well separated; prothorax equal in widtii to the head, similar in
form to that of ochracea; elytra large, quadrate, parallel, two-fifths
wider and longer than the prothorax; abdomen arcuate at the sides
behind the middle, scarcely narrower than the elytra. Male with the
fifth ventral very feebly sinuate toward the middle of the apex; sixth
with a large parabolic sinus, wider than diep, occupying the entire
width, the surface at the sides not impressed, the lateral edges of the
sinus bristling with very long close-set hairs. Length 2.9 mm.; width
0.62 mm. Southern California, — Mr. Fall simplex n. sp.

Form more slender, the size still smaller, darker and moie plceous in
color with the head black, but similarly dull in lustre and densely
punctulate; head fully as long as wide, parallel and nearly straight at
the sides, the angles similarly moderately rounded; eyes much smaller,
at distinctly more than their own length from the base; antennae more
slender and much shorter, not as long as the head and prothorax;

150 Trans. Acad. Sci. of St. Louis.

gular sutures less impressed, more approximate toward base; pro-
thorax differing greatly in form, about as long as wide, the sides feebly
converging from the base to the apex and slightly arcuate; apex more
strongly arcuate than the base, the apical angles very obtuse and
rounded, a little wider than the head; elylra slightly longer than
wide, subparallel, two -fifths wider and nearly one-half longer than the
prothoras, paler at the sides than on the disk; abdomen distinctly nar-
rower than the elytra throughout. Male with the fifth ventral truncate
at apex and unmodified, the sixth much narrower, rectilinearly trun-
cate at tip and otherwise unmodified. Length 2 7 mm. ; width 0.6
mm. Arizona sonorica n. sp.

The female in both ochracea and simplex has the apex of
the sixth ventral broadly angulate, with the angle more or
less rounded. The single specimen of sonoinca before me has
the apex of the sixth ventral truncate, and, as the sexual
modifications are so simple, it may in reality be a female, but
in any event it is a remarkably distinct species. The con-
cealed ligula of the seventh ventral in Lithocharis, is spatuli-
form, narrowed toward tip, and densely clothed with silvery
pubescence.

The Henshaw catalogue (3rd suppl., p. 10) lists a Litho-
charis dehilis Woll. I have been unable to find any such
species described. The dehilis of Erichsou (Gen., p. 625)
inhabits Colombia and the description does not correspond
with any of our species as given above.

Medones.

The multitude of small species of more or less monotonous
appearance, composing this group, are rather difiicult to
classify in a satisfactory manner, owing to the fact that the
male sexual characters are usually simple and but slightly
varied ; the genus Paramedon, however, offers a very welcome
exception in this regard. The grotip is much more highly
developed in America than in Europe, comprising the follow-
ino- nineteen orenera within the limits of the United States,
only two of which — Neomedon and Sciocharis — are certainly
known to extend for any great distance into Mexico : —

Gular sutures completely fused, forming a single coarse suture from the
angulate post-mental piece to the base 2

Casey — A Revision of the American Paederini. 151

Galar sutures always separated, sometimes very feebly impressed and occa-
sionally altogether effaced and traceable only by differences in sculpture
between the intersutural region and the remainder of the under surface
of the head 3

2 — Labrum short and very broad, truncate, broadly, feebly sinuate at the

middle and having six very small teeth or tooth -like undulations;
species very large in size for the present group ; paraglossae coarsely and
angularly bilobed; palpi normal, the third joint of the maxillary fully a
third longer than the second; eyes moderate; antennae rather thick,
filiform, the third joint very much longer than the second; prosternum
feebly and obtusely carinate posteriorly; tarsi moderately slender, the
basal joint of the posterior distinctly longer than the second, the an-
terior distinctly dilated and spongy beneath in both sexes; integuments
shining, simply and rather coarsely punctate, the neck one-half as wide
as the head; male ventral characters very slight. Sonoran..Neomedon
Labrum narrower, more rounded, with four acute and well developed teeth
and a small median notch, which is acutely denticulate at the bottom;
species moderate in size; paraglossae of the usual form, acutely
bilobed; ligula setose at tip; eyes rather small; palpi normal; antennae
rather thick, filiform, the third joint only slightly longer than the sec-
ond; prosternum acutely carinate posteriorly; tarsi rather short and
thick, the basal joint of the posterior much longer than the second, the
anterior thickened but scarcely dilated ; integuments very densely dull,
the sculpture rather coarse and extremely dense; neck rather narrow,
from rather more than a third to two-fifths as wide as the head; male
unknown. Sonoran Polymedon

3 — Labrum bidentate 4

Labrum quadridentate 13

Labrum without teeth, though having the usual small median notch 18

4 — Antenuae with the two basal joints normally thick, the remainder very

slender, filiform and verticillate; labral teeth small but distinct and
approximate, the notch small; species generally dull in luster, with

close fine sculpture 5

Antenuae normal, equally or subequally thick throughout, sometimes feebly
enlarged toward tip 6

5 — Gular sutures moderately separated, gradually converging and most nar-

rowly separated toward base; eyes more or less well developed, the
neck rather broad but usually less than half as wi le as the head; pro-
sternum not carinate except posteriorly ; tarsi moderately short and
somewhat thick, the basal joint of the posterior distinctly longer than
the second, two to four decreasing in length, the anterior more or less
distinctly dilated; species very numerous, small in size, always rather
distinctly punctured, the male sexual characters simple, the fifth seg-
ment scarcely modified. South America to the warmer parts of North

America Sciocharis

Gular sutures very widely separated and most approximate anteriorly,
thence widely diverging to the base of the head; eyes rather small;
neck nearly half as wide as the head; prosternum not at all carinate;
tarsi short and moderately thick, the first joint of the posterior dis-
tinctly longer than the second, two to four equal and about as long as

152 Trans. Acad. Sci. of St. Louis.

wide, the anterior not in the least dilated or thickened; species very
minute, not distinctly punctured; male sexual characters nearly as in
iSciocharis, except that the apex of the fifth segment is lobed in the
middle. Southern Atlantic States Sciocharella

6 — Labral teeth small and inconspicuous; presternum never carinate

throughout its length except in a few abnormal members of Medon.. 7

Labral teeth long, acute and very conspicuous; prosternum carinate

throughout its length; gular sutures converging and most narrowly

separated basally 12

7 — Basal joint of the posterior tarsi equal in length to the second, the

first four short and subequal, the anterior very slightly dilated ; palpi
normal ; gular sutures rather narrowly separated, evenly, feebly arcuate,
very rapidly diverging at base, most narrowly separated at a little be-
fore the middle; antennae rather thick, gradually enlarged distally,
the third joint distinctly longer than the second; eyes moderate; neck
about half as wide as the head; prosternum not at all carinate at any
point; integuments very coarsely, densely sculptured and dull, the
species small in size. Nearctic regions, east of the Rocky Mountains.

Trachysectus

Basal joint of the bind tarsi distinctly longer than the second, the tarsi

more elongate 8

8 — Labrum with a rather broad sinus at the middle including the two teeth,

which are very small and not as anteriorly prominent as the sides of
the labrum; species small, with the elytra very small, shorter and nar-
rower than the prothorax; eyes rather small; neck two fifths as wide
as the head; gular sutures well separated and subparallel but obsolete
or very feeble; antennae short, moderately thick, filiform, not en-
larged distally, the basal joint thicker than the remainder; prosternum
rather strongly carinate except anteriorly; posterior tarsi very slender
and filiform, the anterior slightly dilated; integuments rattier coarsely,

densely sculptured and dull. Appalachian region Heraimedon

Labrum with a narrower median notch, the two teeth more advanced than
the lateral parts of the edge and not included within the sinus 9

9 — Anterior tarsi not dilated but only more or less strongly thickened; sex-

ual characters very feeble 10

Anterior tarsi strongly dilated, especially in the male; sexual characters
strongly marked 11

10 — Gular sutures distant, broadly arcuate, becoming very widely diverg-

ent toward base and most narrowly separated well before the middle;
species small, slender in form, polished and sparsely punctate, the
elytra subequal to the prothorax in size; antennae moderately thick,
somewhat enlarged distally ; labrum very broadly, angularly emarginate,
with a small feeble median sinus, the teeth very minute; eyes rather
well developed ; neck a little less than half as wide as the head ; ante-
rior tarsi spongiose beneath in both sexes; hind tarsi slender and fili-
form. Europe *Hj'pomedon

Gular sutures of the same form as in Hypomedon but subobsolete; species
miuute, slender, polished and sparsely, rather coarsely punctate, the
elytra shorter than the prothorax; antennae normal in structure; lab-
rum small, truncate, with a distinct rounded median sinus and two well

Casey — A Revision of the American Paederini. 153

developed aciculale teeth; eyes very small; neck barely two-flfths as
wide as the head; anterior tarsi scarcely thickened, not at all spongiose

beneath; hind tarsi very slender, filiform. Europe *Micromedon

Gular sutures more or less approximate, gradually converging and most
narrowly separated near the base of the head; species small to moder-
ately large in size, generally very finely, rather closely punctured and
only moderately shining; eyes very small; antennae moderately thick,
gradually enlarged distally; neck about two-flfths as wide as the head;
hind tarsi moderately slender. Palaearctic and Nearctic regions. .Medon

11 _ Gular sutures convergingandmost narrowly separated basally; species

small or moderate in size, of rather stout form, shining, the punctures
fine and well separated; antennae as in Medon; eyes well developed;
neck rather wide, almost half as wide as the head; prosternum only
carinate at the posterior cusp; elytra larger than the prothorax; pos-
terior tarsi moderately slender. Pacific coast regions Paramedon

12 — Body moderately small in size, very slender, dull in lustre but not

distiactly punctate, parallel, the elytra subequal to the prothorax ; gular
sutures widely separated; paraglossae coarsely, angularly bilobed, the
ligula simple at apex; palpi nearly normal, the second joint of the
labial compressed, the fourth joint of the maxillary small; antennae
moderate in length, slend>-r, filiform, not appreciably enlarged distally,
the third joint but little longer than the second, the first rather longer
than the next two combined though but little thicker; eyes very small;
neck unusually narrow, scarcely a third as wide as the head; proster-
num strongly carinate. Sonoran Medonodonta

Body somewhat stout and more convex, moderately large in size, polished,
strongly but not densely punctured; gular sutures narrowly separated;
oral organs nearly as in the preceding, the eyes well developed; anten-
nae long, rather slender, feebly enlarged distally, the third joint dis-
tincily longer than the second, the first somewhat elongate but not
much thicker; neck two-fifths as wide as the head; elytra larger than
the prothorax; hind tarsi rather longer than usual, moderately slender,
the anterior noticeably dilated. Pacific coast regions Oxymedon

13 — Gular sutures rather approximate, converging, most narrowly separated

basally. Body moderately small in size, subdepressed, rather s^out,
subalutaceous, very finely, rather closely punctured, the elytra much
larger than the prothorax; lobes of the paraglossae rather obtuse at
apex; third maxillary palpal joint unusually infiated, somewhat com-
pressed and scarcely longer than the second; antennae rather thick,
feebly enlarged distally, the third joint but little longer than the second ;
eyes moderately developed; neck scarcely two-fifihs as wide as the
head; prosternum carinate; posterior tarsi short and rather thick, the
first joint almost as long as the next two combined, the anterior dis-
tinctly dilated; labrum with four large and conspicuous acute teeth,
the small deep rounded median notch with a minute obtuse denticle at
the bottom, the structure throughout nearly as in Polymedon. Appa-
lachian reg'on Tetramedon

Gular sutures more or less widely separated, parallel or broadly arcuate,
becoming more widely divergent basally 14

14 — Labrum with a small rounded median notch limited by the two inner

154 Trans. Acad. Sci. of St. Louis.

teeth, which are long, very acute and prominent, the outer teeth very
minute and sometimes rather widely separated from the inner. Body
moderately large in size, depressed, shining or alutaceous, the sculpture
very fine; head rather small, the elytra large; outer lobe of the para-
glossae longer than the inner, both pointed; third maxillary palpal
joint long, rather slender and compressed; eyes rather well developed;
antennae moderately long and slender, scarcely visibly enlarged dls-
tally, the joints subcylindrical; neck a little less than half as wide as
the head; presternum strongly carinate posteriorly; hind tarsi very
long and slender, filiform, four-fifths as long as the tibiae, the basal
joint almost as long as the next two combined; anterior tarsi slightly

dilated, more distinctly in the male. Nearctic regions Platymedon

Labrum with the usual small median notch and four very small teeth, the
latter much less unequal among themselves and frequently very difficult

to perceive 15

15 — Elytra small, not longer than the prothorax ; eyes small 16

Elytra well developed, always longer than the prothorax, the eyes large. .17
16— Body minute in size, polished, sparsely punctured, the gular sutures
wholly obsolete and traceable only by the absence of punctures on the
intervening surfftce; antennae short, the basal joint stout, the remainder
very slender but unusually clavate distally; neck rather less than half
as wide as the head; palpi short; prosternum tumid but scarcely cari-
nate posteriorly; hind tarsi short, moderately stout, the basal joint
nearly as long as the next two combined, the anterior feebly dilated.

Caribbean region Medonella

Body very small in size and of slender form, shining though rather coarsely
and closely sculptured; gular sutures fine and sometimes subobsolete;
antennae longer, normal, thicker, feebly enlarged distally; neck two-
fifths as wide as the head; palpi longer and well developed; prosternum
rather strongly carinate except anteriorly; hind tarsi longer, very slen-
der and filiform, the basal joint distinctly shorter than the next two
combined ; anterior tarsi slightly thickened but not at all dilated.
Pacific cDast regions Oligopterus

17 — Body moderate to very small in size, slender, more or less finely and

closely sculptured, the gular sutures fine; head small as a rule; anten-
nae ra'her short, moderately stout, filiform, scarcely thickened dis-
tally; neck two-fifths as wide as the head; prosternum strongly cari-
nate posteriorly; hind tarsi long and very slender, filiform, the basal
joint nearly as long as the next two combined, the anterior not at all
dilated and but feebly thickened even in the male. Pacific coast regions.

Caloderma

18 — Body moderate to small in size, rather slender, frequently dull in lus-

tre and extremely finely, usually closely punctulate; head small, the
elytra at least as long as the prothorax; palpi well developed, the lobes
of theparaglossae small; mentum unusually elongate; gular sutures very
fine and remotely separated, most approximate anteriorly and thence
widely diverging to the base; antennae rather thick, filiform, not
appreciably enlarged distally; eyes well developed; neck two-fifths as
wide as the head ; prosternum carinate posteriorly; hind tarai rather
short, somewhat stout, the basal joint longer than the second, the

Casey — A Revision of the American Paederini. 155

anterior more or less stronj^ly dilated in both sexes. Palaearctic and

Nearctic regions. [= Eamona Csy.] Psendomedon

Body minute in size, feebly, not very densely sculptured, the head and elytra
larger than the prothorax; palpi well developed; gular sutures as in
Pseudomedon but less widely separated; mentum shorter, strongly
transverse; antennae short, unusually enlarged or claviform distally;
eyes well developed; neck fully two-fifths as wide as the head; pro -
sternum scarcely at all carinate; hind tarsi rather long, very slender and
filiform, the basal joint distinctly shorter than the next two combined,
the anterior merely thicker, not at all dilated. Regions bordering the
Gulf of Mexico Lena

The European Hypomedon Key, is included for comparison
and completeness ; it is undoubtedly distinct from Medon and
not a subgenus as stated by Heydeu, Reitter and Weise in the
catalogue of those authors. Micromedon (n.gen.) is founded
upon the European Medon se7ninigrum, of Fairmaire. It is
more closely related to Hypomedon than any other genus, but
differs greatly in habitus and in labral structure, as well as in
its non-spongiose anterior tarsi and minute eyes.

Neomedon Shp.

The genus Neomedon, as outlined by Dr. Sharp in the
" Biologia," has the body subdepressed, the labrum short,
broad, scarcely or not at all emarginate and minutely trituber-
culate at each side, the first joint of the posterior tarsi one-
half longer than the second and the anterior slightly dilated.
In view of these characters, in connection with the compara-
tively large size of the species, and the fact that the genus
appears to extend to the northernmost limits of the regions
covered by the "Biologia," leads me to believe that the
following species, from which the generic diagnosis of the
above table is taken, is truly a member of the genus under
consideration : —

Bo'ly St JUt, subdepressed, parallel, black in color, the elytra, legs and an-
tennae more or less bright rufous, the surface distinctly shining, with
the punctures of the head coarse, rounded and distinctly separated,
those of the pronotum finer but almost as close- set and about equal to
those of the elytra, the abdomen very minutely and densely punctulate,
head large, distinctly wider than long, parallel and straight at the sides;
the basal angles rather broadly rounded, the base broadly sinuate;

156 Trans. Acad. Sci. of St. Louis.

prothorax small, strongly obtrapezoidal with the sides straight, much
wider than long and distinctly narrower than the head, the angles
distinct and only moderately rounded; elytra quadrate, subequal
in width to the head, the sides parallel and feebly arcuate. Length
7.5 mm.; width 1.35 mm. Arizona (Williams), — Mr. Wickham.

arizonense n. sp.

The secondary male sexual characters are very simple,
consisting of a large and broadly rounded shallow sinus
at the tip of the sixth ventral segment. The species seems
to be rather rare and I have only seen two specimens thus
far.

Polymedon n. gen.

This genus is also represented within our limits by a single
species, which is very abundant, but, rather singularly, the
only sex known to me is the female and I have searched in
vain for the male through the numerous specimens in my
cabinet. The male sexual characters are, however, probably
simple. I have not been able to indentify Polymedo7i with
any of the many Mexican genera made known by Dr. Sharp*
and it is probably a local type, confined to the arid parts of
the Sonoran regions. The type species may be described as
follows : —

Body moderately stout and convex, parallel, dark red-brown throughout,
the elytra rather more rufous; integuments densely dull because of the
rather coarse and mutually subcontiguous punctures, the elytra feebly
shining and less densely punctate, the abdomen very minutely punctu-
late and also slightly shining; head moderately large but not quite as
wide as the elytra, parallel and feebly arcuate at the sides, the basal
angles broadly rounded; prothorax much narrower than the head and
almost as long as wide, feebly obtrapezoidal, the sides straight, the
angles obtusely rounded; elytra subquadrate, scarcely as long as wide,
about a fourth wider than the prothorax and almost two-fifths longer,
the sides parallel, feebly arcuate posteriorly. Length 4.5 mm.; width
0.9 mm . Arizona tabaciunm Csy .

The specimens at hand are from various parts of Arizona,
and, in some, the head is relatively a little smaller, with the
neck somewhat wider, but I can discover no other specific
differences.

Casey — A Revision of the American Paederini. 157

Sciocharis Arrib.

A part of the large collection of Staphylinidae brought
back from Brazil by Mr. H. H. Smith, placed in my hands
for examination some years ago, revealed a most astonishing
variety in this genus and I remember mounting about twenty
species; to state therefore that there are more than a hundred
species within the limits of Brazil alone, ought to be a very
conservative estimate. Sciocharis is probably equally well
represented throughout Central America and Mexico, so that
it may be said to be one of the largest — possibly the largest —
genus of American Paederini. In the United States of
America, it is represented, as far as known to me at present,
by the three following species, the first of which belongs
more properly to the fauna of Mexico : —

Second antennal joint much thicker but not longer than the third ; punctures
much finer, dense, the lustre dull; body rather stout, subdepressed,
parallel, pale flavo-testaceous throughout, the head but little darker,
the elytra with a large feeble piceous cloud, not extending to the sides,
base or apex ; head well developed, wider than long, parallel at the sides,
the eyes at but little more than their own length from the base, the
angles rather narrowly rounded; prothorax distinctly narrower than the
head and wider than long, somewhat strongly obtrapezoidal with the
sides straight, the angles very narrowly rounded and distinct, the basal
broadly rounded; elytra quadrate, parallel, a fourth wider and nearly
one -half longer than the prothorax and slightly wider than the head.
Male not known. Length 3.0 mm.; width 0.75 mm. Texas (Browns-
ville),— Mr. Wickham unbipenuis n. sp.

Second antennal joint much longer, as well as thicker, than the third;
punctures of the head and pronotum stronger 2

2 — Color pale brown throughout, the head slightly darker, piceous; lustre
dull; body parallel, moderately convex, the head well developed, as
wide as the elytra, parallel and feebly arcuate at the sides, the eyes at
nearly twice their own length from the base, the angles moderately
rounded; prothorax distinctly obtrapezoidal, well developed, nearly as
wide as the head, wider than long, the sides nearly straight, all the
angles broadly rounded; elytra quadrate, parallel, about a sixth wider
and a third longer than the prothorax. Length 3.0 mm. ; width 0.65
mm. North Carolina (Asheville) and District of Columbia.

caroliuensis n. sp.

Color blackish, the abdomen piceous, the legs dark brown and the antennae
still paler; lustre alutaceous, the punctures dense; body subparallel,

158 Trans. Acad. JSci. of St. Louis.

moderately convex, the head moderately developed, wider than long but
distinctly narrower than the elytra, parallel and straight at the sides,
the angles right and only slightly rounded; eyes still rather smaller,
somewhat convex, at twice their own length from the base; prothorax
less developed, wider than long, a little narrower than the head, feebly
obtrapezoidal, with all the angles broadly rounded; elytra quadrate, a
fourth wider and two-fifths longer than the prothorax. Length 2.75
mm.; width 0.65 mm. Mississippi (Vicksburg) congrnens n. sp.

Both caroUnensis and congruens are described from the
male, in which sex the hind margin of the fifth ventral is
transverse, becoming just visibly bisinuate at the middle, and
the sixth has at the apex a broad notch, in the form of an
incised cusp, with its sides rapidly flaring outward and arcu-
ate, the point of the notch narrowly obtuse. In congruens
the sides of the notch flare still more widely and the incisure
is therefore relatively shallower than in caroUnensis. The
punctures of the head are rather irregular in form and deep,
the narrow interspaces having some very minute scattered
punctules which appear to bear the visible pubescence. The
punctures of the pronotum, and, to some extent, of the elytra,
are also peculiar, smaller than those of the head and equally
close-set but circular, slightly elevated and bearing each a
centrally placed hair. Although so generally distributed over
the American continents, Sciocharis has not yet occurred in
the regions bordering the Pacific Ocean.

Sciocharella n. gen.

The remarkable antennae characterizing this and the pre-
cedinfy iienus are unlike anything else in the tribe and thor-
ouo-hly isolate them. The present genus greatly resembles
Sciocharis, though composed of much more minute species,
but differs very radically in the form of the gular sutures and
smaller eyes, as well as in its undilated anterior tarsi. The
only species known to me at present is the following: —

Parallel slender, moderately convexj alutaceous, pale flavo-testaceous
throughout, except the head, which is piceous ; punctures of the head and
pronotum not distinct, very minute, of the elytra extremely minute,
rather sparse; head nearly as long as wide, a little wider at base than
across the slightly convex eyes, which are situated at rather more than

Casey — A Revision of the American Paederini. 159

twice their own length from the base; sides almost perfectly straight,
the angles somewhat obtuse but scarcely at all rounded ; second anten-
nal joint almost as long as the next two combined and much thicker,
prothorax almost as long as wide, scarcely narrower than the
head, but just visibly narrower at base than at apex, the sides
nearly straight, the angles scarcely at all rounded; elytra quad-
rate, parallel, much wider than the head, a fifth wider and one- fourth
longer than the prothorax. Length 1.75 mm. ; width 0.33 mm. Alabama.

delicatala n. sp.

The male sexual modification of the sixth ventral is very
nearly as in Sciocharis, being obtusely cuspidiform, with
widely flaring arcuate sides of the emargination, but the
apical margin of the fifth segment has a broadly rounded
coplanar lobe, about a seventh as wide as the segment, pro-
jecting from the middle, which lobe is suggested by the very
feeble bisinuation of the edge in some forms of Sciocharis.
Other species of this interesting genus will doubtless be dis-
covered in the course of careful collecting.

Tracliysectus Csy.

This genus also has but a single known species, which is
widely distributed throughout the colder parts of the North
American continent, east of the Rocky Mountains. It may
be readily known by its coarse and confluent sculpture and
short tarsi, the first four joints of the posterior equal and the
anterior slightly dilated : —

Rather stout, parallel, moderately convex, blackish-piceous, the elytra —
rather broadly at tip, — antennae toward base and legs, rufous; prothorax
also generally rufescent; surface feebly shining, densely sculptured,
the head coarsely, with the punctures elongated by compression, the
pronotum longitudinally rugose, the hairs borne from the minute gran-
uliformpunctules along the middle of the depressions or at the middle
of the cephalic punctures, the punctures of the elytra spar.-er and
smaller, asperate, of the abdomen extremely minute; head well devel-
oped, as wide as the elytra, a little wider than long, parallel and
straight at the sides, the angles broadly rounded; eyes moderately
developed, convex; prothorax much narrower than the head, obtrap-
tzoidal, wider than long, the anterior angles obtuse but only slightly
rounded; elytra quadrate, parallel, a fifth wider and two-fifths longer
than the prothorax. Length 3.5 mm.; width 0-8 mm. Rhode Island
and Virginia to Iowa and Minnesota conflaens Say

160 Trans. Acad. Sci. of St. Louis.

The male has very simple sexual characters, the fifth seg-
ment being unmodified and the sixth having a small triangular
median emargination. The under surface of the head is as
coarsely and densely sculptured as the upper and the gular
sutures are rendered conspicuous by reason of the fact that
the narrow space between them is highly polished, sculpture-
less and concave, gradually broadening near the base. The
name confluens is an Erichsonian emendation of the originally
published ' ' conjiuenta " of Say, (= Laihrobium conjiuen-
tum).

Hemimedon n. gen.

In general appearance the species of Hemimedon strikingly
resemble the Pacific coast OUgopterus, but the likeness is in
great part superficial, as shown by the generic characters of
the table, the labrum being quite different in structure. The
genus appears to be very circumscribed in habitat, and, so
far as known, limited in range to the more southern parts of
the Appalachian mountain system. The two species before
me are mutually as closely allied as those of OUgopteru.s, but
may possibly be recognized by the following characters : —

Stouter in form and parallel, feebly shining, blackish-piceous, the abdomen
black, the legs and antennae dark rufous; head well developed but dis-
tinctly narrower than the protborax, slightly wider than long, the sides
parallel and straight, the angles rather narrowly rounded; eyes at rather
more than twice their own length from the base; punctures rather coarse
and moderately dense; prothorax large and distinctly obtrapezoidal, the
sides broadly, feebly arcuate, the angles well rounded, the punctures
finer than those of the head, well separated, the Ji^culpture tending
toward longitudinal rugulation ; elytra small, slightly narrower than the
head, much shorter than wide and much narrower and very much shorter
than the prothorax, the sides rather strongly diverging from base to
apex, the surface finely but strongly, rather closely and asperately punc-
tate. Length 3.1 mm.; width 0.55 mm. North Carolina (Highlands)
and Virginia (Pennington Gap) rnflpes n. sp.

Slender in form but similar in coloration and lustre to nf/f^jes, the punctures
of the head and pronotum less coarse and rather sparser, those of the
latter notably feeble, of the elytra somewhat finer and denser but of the
same character; head as long as wide, rather distinctly narrower than
the prothorax, otherwise as in rufipes; prothorax much smaller,
nearly as long as wide, only just visibly obtrapezoidal, the sides feebly
arcuate and the angles rounded; elytra similar to those of rufipes,

Casey — A Revision of the American Paederini. 161

except that they are transverse, only very slightly narrower than the
prothorax though much shorter. Length 3.2 mm.; width 0.45 mm.
Virginia, — Mr. Ulke angustuin n. sp.

The orular sutures are widely separated, most narrowly so
well to the front, rapidly diverging toward base and are gen-
erally subobliterated. The male sexual characters are feeble,
the fifth ventral segment unmodified, the sixth having a
rounded apical sinuation occupying almost the entire tip,
rather more than three times as wide as deep, with the edge
of the sinus concavely beveled, gradually more broadly so
around the bottom of the sinuation.

Medon Steph.

As far as known at present, the genus Medon is confined to
the western part of the continent, with the exception of the
very small iexanum, which occurs in Texas and americanum^
which appears to inhabit the Atlantic slope exclusively. The
west coast species are much larger than the European yV^sci^-
lum and are generally very finely punctate, sometimes densely
so and dull in lustre, while in the eastern americanum^ the
sculpture is comparatively coarse, much as in the palaearctic
species mentioned.* The species are far less numerous than
those of ParamedoTif which largely replaces the European
genus in America, and those before me may be recognized by
the characters outlined in the following table : —

Elytra small, nearly as in fusculum, never materially larger than the pro-
thorax ; eyes very small ; species confined to the Pacific coast regions. .2

Elytra large, notably larger than the prothorax; species distributed through-
out the United States, frequently associated with ants 8

2 — Body pale, castaneous or testaceous in color 3

Body black or blackish, the under surface of the head concolorous 6

* I have adopted the neuter ending for specific names in this and allied
genera for the sake of constancy and uniform law in scientific nomenclature,
holding that all generic names ending in m or n should require the neuter
ending, in conformity with the general rule of the Latin language, and, in
like manner, that all names ending in is or a should be feminine and all in
08 or us masculine, not even excepting such a name as Venus. In other
words it is the form of the word which should be considered, when used as
a generic symbol, and not its meaning in the original tongue.

162 Trans. Acad. Sci. of St. Louis.

3 — Gular sutures gradually converging as usual, but remaining well sep-

arated toward the base of the head 4

Gular sutures becoming so nearly fused as to be inseparable with certainty
toward the base of the head 5

4 — Body very slender, pale testaceous, rather shining, the head very large

as usual, nearly as long as wide, much wider than the prothorax, dis-
tinctly wider toward base than across the very small anterior eyes, the
sides broadly arcuate and the basal angles widely rounded; punctures
small but strong and close-set; prothorax distinctly obtrapezoidal,
somewhat wider than long, the angles rounded and the sides very feebly
sinuate toward the middle, more finely and sparsely punctured than the
head; elytra small, quadrate, only very slightly wider and longer than
the prothorax, rather closely and rugosely punctate ; under surface of
the head pale rufous, convex, shining, finely and sparsely punctate, the
gular sutures strongly impressed and distinct. Male unknown. Length
4.5 mm.; width 0.75 mm. California (Hoopa Val., Humboldt Co.).

sinnatocolle Csy.
Body much less slender and more depressed, dark testaceous in color
throughout and rather less shining, the head relatively not so large,
wider than long, the eyes more prominent and the sides behind them
more nearly parallel and feebly arcuate, the width subbasally scarcely
perceptibly greater than across the eyes, the angles broadly rounded;
punctures finer, rather close -set; prothorax nearly as in sinnatocolle
but without visible sinuation at the sides and less markedly narrower
than the head; elytra distinctly longer, quadrate, a fifth or sixth wider
than the prothorax and nearly a third longer, similarly punctate; under
surface of the head rather strongly and closely punctate, the gular
sutures less impressed and with the intervening space longitudinally
impressed toward base. Sinus at the middle of the sixth male ventral
of the usual form, deep and broadly rounded at the bottom. Length
4.5 mm. ; width 0.85 mm. Idaho (Coeur d'Alfene), — Mr. Wickham.

helenae n.sp.
5 — Body moderately slender, larger in size and less depressed, dark cas-
taneous in color throughout, slightly dull in lustre, the punctures —
particularly of the head — being close-set; head large, not swollen at
base, the sides behind the small and anterior eyes being parallel and
broadly, evenly arcuate ; basal angles only moderately broadly rounded;
prothorax much narrower than the head, wider than long, obtrape-
zoidal with the sides nearly straight, the angles rounded; elytra
small, quadrate, only very slightly wider, though obviously longer,
than the prothorax and distinctly narrower than the head ; under sur-
face of the head rather strongly, moderately closely punctate, pale in
color, the double gular suture deeply impressed. Male sexual char-
acters of the usual form, the semicircular notch of the sixth ventral
moderately large. Length 4.7 mm.; width 0.8 mm. California (Sta.

Clara Co.) lepidnm Csy.

Body rather stout, somewhat depressed, parallel, dark castaneo-testaceous
in color throughout and moderately shining; head moderately large,
wider than long, inflated toward base, where it becomes much wider
than across the eyes, the basal angles broadly rounded ; punctures fine

Casey — A Revision of the American Paederini. 163

but strong, close-set, the interspaces more polished and less dull or
minutely reticulated than in lepidum; prothorax more finely and a
little less closely punctured, obtrapezoidal with the sides straight,
■wider than long and distinctly narrower than the head, the angles
rounded; elytra quadrate, somewhat wider and distinctly longer than
the prothorax, subequal in width to the head ; under surface of the latter
convex, finely, rather sparsely punctate, the double gular suture toward
base only feebly impressed. Sinus of the sixth ventral a little larger
. and relatively broader than in lepidum, broadly rounded. Length 4.4
mm. ; width 0.8 mm. California (Lake Tahoe) lacustre n. sp.

6 — Head very large, much wider than the elytra, fully as long as wide,

finely, strongly and closely punctate, the sides behind the eyes feebly
arcuate to the rounded basal angles, the width just before the latter
a little greater than across the very small and anterior eyes; prothorax
well developed, much narrower than the head, distinctly wider than
long, obtrapezoidal with the sides nearly straight, the angles rounded,
the punctures finer and much sparser than those of the head; elytra
notably small, not as long as wide, scarcely visibly wider and only very
little longer than the prothorax, about four-fifths as wide as the head,
distinctly wider at apex than at base; under surface of the head shin-
ing, finely, more sparsely punctate; gular sutures very approximate, con-
verging to the base and well impressed. Notch of the sixth ventral of
the usual form in circular arc; fifth segment with some stiff black
bristles arranged transversely on the disk near the apex, the single
series rather widely interrupted at the middle, the apical margin trun-
cate, just visibly sinuate at the middle. Length 3.9 mm.; width 0.68

mm. California (Sonoma and San Mateo Cos.) convergens Csy.

Head large but smaller than in convergens and only slightly wider than the
elytra; body black or piceous-black throughout, the legs and antennae
rufous 7

7 — Prothorax as in convergens, distinctly wider than long, obtrapezoidal in

form with the sides straight and the angles only moderately rounded;
head rather wider than long, moderately inflated and broadly arcuate at
the sides behind the very small eyes, distinctly wider before the broadly
rounded basal angles than across the eyes; elytra not quite as long as
wide, a little wider at apex than at base, distinctly wider and longer
than the prothorax but obviously narrower than the head ; under surface
of the latter finely, sparsely punctate, the gular sutures impressed,
converging very gradually and very approximate. Sexual characters of
the venter nearly as in convergens, the notch of the sixth segment cir-
cularly rounded, not quite half as wide as the segmental apex and about
three times as wide as deep. Length 4.2 mm.; width 0.72 mm. Van-
couver Island (Victoria), — Mr. Wickham iusniare n. sp.

Prothorax much narrower, only just visibly wider than long, with the angles
broadly rounded and the sides but feebly converging from apex to
base, both the head and prothorax minutely and unusually strongly
reticulated and dull, the former finely and feebly but closely, the latter
more finely and less closely, punctate; head narrower, as long as wide,
not inflated basally, the long sides behind the eyes parallel and almost
straight, the angles moderately broadly rounded; elytra about as long

164 Trans. Acad. Sci. of St. Louis.

as wide, nearly parallel, the sides straight, subequal in width to the
head, a fifth wider and nearly a third longer than the prothorax; under
surface of the head finely and rather closely punctate, the sutures as in
the two preceding species. Sexual characters of the venter of the
usual form, the inclined bristles of the fifth segment not arranged in a
regular transverse series near the apical margin, the notch of the sixth
circularly rounded, abruptly defined and rather more than three times
as wide as deep. Length 4.7 ram.; width 0.72 mm, California (Lalse
Co.) puberalum Csy.

8 — Eyes very small, always at much more than twice their own length from

the base of the head 9

Eyes well developed, at scarcely more than twice their own length from the
base ; species very small 13

9 — Sculpture coarse and close-set. Atlantic regions 10

Sculpture very fine, the lustre alutaceous ; species large. Rocky Mts 11

10 — Body moderately slender, parallel, dull in lustre, pale red-brown

throughout, the legs and antennae concolorous; head as long as wide,
not inflated at base, the sides behind the eyes parallel and nearly
straight, the angles well rounded, the punctures rather coarse and
dense ; prothorax distinctly obtrapezoidal with the sides nearly straight,
obviously wider than long, slightly narrower than the head and with
equally close-set but rather less coarse, rugulose punctuation, which
partially obliterates the smooth median line, the angles rather narrowly
rounded; elytra somewhat longer than wide, wider than the head, a
fourth wider and three-fifths longer than the prothorax, the sides paral-
lel and nearly straight; under surface of the head with the usual
reniform punctures densely placed, the gular sutures very fine, not
impressed, approximate and gradually converging to the base. Male
not known. Length 4.2 mm.; width 0.72 mm. Pennsylvania.

americanum n. sp.

11 Prosternum as usual, not carinate except posteriorly between the coxae ;

body rather stout, pale ochreo- testaceous throughout and dull in lustre,
the punctures very minute and close-set throughout but rather more
visible on the elytra and sparsest on the prothorax; head moderately
large, as long as wide, the sides behind the eyes broadly arcuate and
slightly convergent throughout to the basal angles, which are slightly
more than right and scarcely at all rounded, the base truncate ; antennae
fully as long as the head and prothorax combined, rather stout; pro-
thorax narrower than the head, somewhat wider than long, the sides
subparallel and nearly straight, the angles very obtuse but only mod-
erately rounded; elytra large, wider than the head, nearly a third
wider than the prothorax and fully one-half longer, a little longer than
wide, parallel; under surface of the head dull, densely, subrugosely
punctured, the gular sutures fine, scarcely impressed, gradually con-
verging to the base of the head, where they become narrowly sep-
arated. Length 4.5 mm.; width 0.8 mm. Colorado (Ouray), —Mr.

Wickham inquilinum n. sp.

Prosternum carinate throughout its length; basal angles of the head dis-
tinctly, though not very broadly, rounded; antennae somewhat long and
thick as in inquilinum - 12

Casey — A Revision of the American Paederini. 165

12 — Body rather stout, parallel, dark rufo-ferruginous throughout, the
head and pronotum shining, though finely, rather closely punctate, the
latter less closely, the elytra finely, very closely and more distinctly,
the abdomen extremely minutely and densely ; head moderately large,
almost as wide as long, the sides parallel and nearly straight from the
eyes to the basal angles; neek half as wide as the head; prothorax
large and well developed, subequal in width to the head, a little wider
than long, the sides almost straight and parallel, the angles obtusely
rounded; elytra large, much larger than the head, somewhat longer
than wide, a fourth wider and one-half longer than the prothorax,
the sides subparallel; under surface of the head more coarsely,
closely and rugosely punctured, the sutures as in the preceding
species, with the narrow intervening space becoming polished and
impunctate toward base; presternum convex longitudinally. Length
4.0 mm.; width 0.85 mm. New Mexico (Coolidge), — Mr. Wickham.

nitidnlnm n. sp.

Body somewhat stout and depressed, dullish in lustre, pale castaueous in
color, the head above and the metasternum darker, piceous; punctures
fine, feeble and very close-set on the head, sparse on the prothorax,
minute and very dense on the elytra and abdomen; pubescence rather
conspicuous; head moderate, as long as wide, parallel and nearly
straight at the sides; prothorax a trifle narrower than the head, slightly
obtrapezoidal, somewhat wider than long; elytra much wider than the
head, quadrate, not longer than wide, notably wider and longer than
the prothorax, parallel, the sides very feebly arcuate; under surface
of the head rugosely and closely punctured but rather less coarsely than
in nitidulum, the gular sutures similar but more impressed; presternum
flattened longitudinally, the carina more conspicuous than in nitidulum.
Length 4.6 mm. ; width 0.95 mm. California (LakeTahoe).

opacnlnm n. sp.

13— Body small, slender, parallel, polished, the elytra and abdomen duller,
rufo -piceous in color throughout, the head usually darker; head and
pronotum minutely but deeply and rather closely punctate, the latter
but slightly less closely and equally strongly, with a broad smooth
median line ; head small, as long as wide, parallel and nearly straight
at the sides, with slightly obtuse and distinctly, though not broadly,
rounded basal angles; antennae slender, not as long as the head and
prothorax combined; prothorax wider than the head, as long as wide,
quadrate, the sides parallel and very feebly arcuate, the angles rounded;
elytra quadrate, not longer than wide, but little wider though notably
longer than the prothorax, parallel, sometimes broadly and nubilously
paler toward the sides and narrowly at tip; under surface of the head
shining, finely, sparsely punctate, the gular sutures very fine, almost
obliterated, converging, becoming moderately narrowly separated pos-
teriorly; prosternum convex, not at all carinate except posteriorly.
Male with the fifth ventral unmodified, the sixth broadly sinuato-
truncate throughout its width at apex, the sinuation very feeble; male
rare, the female abundant. Length 2.9 mm.; width 0.5 mm. Texas
(Austin and Columbus) texaiium n. sp.

166 Trans. Acad. Sci. of St. Louis.

The described species noted in the above table were pre-
viously regarded by the writer as forming ' ' Group A " of
Lithochavis (Bull. Cal. Acad. Sci., II, 1886), but are evi-
dently congeneric with the European illfe(Zo«. The species de-
scribed under the names inquilinum, nitidulum and opaculum
are apparently associated with ants, or, at least, the first
is pinned with some specimens of a small piceous-black ant,
having dark brown legs and antennae and 2.2 mm. in length;
all three of them are probably rare and are represented at
present by unique females. Americanum is also represented
by a single female, the male being apparently much rarer
than the female throughout the genus.

Paramedon n. gen.

This genus is composed of a large number of species con-
fined principally to the true Pacific coast fauna but extending
also into the adjacent elevated regions of the continent, hav-
ing, in fact, a distribution almost precisely similar to that of
Orus, of the Scopaei. It is closely allied to Medou, but has
the anterior tarsi much more strongly dilated, especially in
the male, and the male sexual characters are of a different
character; in external appearance it differs in its rather
stouter form with relatively larger elytra. In a previous paper
by the author describing a few of the species (Bull. Cal. Acad.
Sci., II, 1886), it was erroneously regarded as a section of
Lithocharis. The species resemble each other to such a
degree that it seems to be impossible to separate them in a
recognizable manner by descriptions, without making exten-
sive use of the secondary male sexual characters, which con-
spicuously modify the apex of the fifth ventral segment;
these are fortunately sufiiciently varied to enable us to do
this with greater or less success. The large rounded emargi-
nation of the sixth ventral is, however, so constant in form
as to be of very little use in classification. The gular sutures
vary greatly in extent of separation, from almost complete
contiguity, as in kernianum, to a very wide degree of separa-
tion, as in gulare. This enables us to divide the species into

Casey — A Revision of the American Paederini. 167

two rather arbitrary sections. The sutures in the second sec-
tion of the table are sufficiently separated to be readily
observed with an ordinary hand lens. In the following table

1 have recognized twenty-seven species as vahd : —

Gular sutures very approximate 2

Gular sutures more or less widely separated 15

2 — Species of the Pacific coast regions 3

Species peculiar to Arizona 1*

3 — Median process projecting from the bottom of the broad sinus of ttie

fifth ventral of the male abruptly limited at its sides 4

Median process not abruptly limited laterally, broadly arcuate or becoming
gradually feebly sinuate medially 12

4 — Median process about one-third as wide as the sinus or but slightly

wider

Median process much wider, always very much more than one -third as
wide as the sinus and always broadly and distinctly sinuate 9

5 — The median process short, truncate, parallel- sided, scarcely more than

a third as wide as the sinus, which is about three-fifths as wide as the
segmental apex, the sides of the sinus between the process and the
rectangular apices distinctly and evenly curved, and with the usual
fringe of black spinules well developed; gular sutures fine, feeble,
scarcely impressed, narrowly but perceptibly separated. Body moder-
ately stout, pale rufo-testaceous throughout, the head above and
beneath, prothorax, abdomen above and metasternum piceous -black;
head not wider than the prothorax, parallel and nearly straight at the
sides; prothorax a little wider than long, feebly obtrapezoidal and but
little narrower than the elytra, the latter scarcely longer than wide,
paler, rufous, the punctures sparse, the surface shining; abdomen
more densely and finely punctured. Length 3.9 mm.; width 0.8 mm.

Vancouver Island yancouTeri n. sp.

The median process wider and distinctly sinuate 6

6 — Head parallel and straight at the sides behind the eyes, which are unusu-
ally small, the basal angles rather narrowly rounded. Body dark tes-
taceous in color, the abdomen blackish; surface shining, rather sparsely
punctate, the elytra more finely and closely and the abdomen densely;
gular sutures fine, approximate though sensibly separated, scarcely
impressed; head distinctly wider than the prothorax, the latter sensibly
wider than long, very feebly obtrapezoidal ; elytra rather longer than
wide, a fifth wider and nearly one-half longer than the prothorax. Sinus
of the fifth segment well developed, about three-fourths as wide as the
segmental apex, the process two-fifths as wide as the sinus, broadly
sinuate- at tip, with its lateral angles rounded, the sides diverging to
the base ; sides of the sinus between the process and rectangular apices
feebly curved and with about eight black spinules. Length 3.7 mm, ;

width 0.85 mm. California (Siskiyou Co.) shastanicani n. sp.

Head parallel but more or less feebly arcuate at the sides behind the eyes,
which are rather larger, the basal angles much more broadly rounded,

168 Trans. Acad. Sci. of St. Louis.

distinctly wider than the prothorax though less obviously so in hum-
boldti, the prothorax very faintly obtrapezoidal and distinctly voider
than long, with the sides nearly straight 7

7 — Punctures sparse, the surface more shining; body notably stout, black-

ish-piceous in color, the elytra paler and generally bright rufous, the
legs testaceous; head large, the antennae as long as the head and pro-
thorax, the elytra distinctly wider than the prothorax and as wide as
the head, rather longer than wide; gular sutures fine, straight and
parallel, approximate though sensibly separated and not impressed.
Sexual characters of the male identical with those of shastanicum, the
sinus of the fifth segment about two -thirds as wide as the segmental
apex but with the process virtually similar. Length 4.0 mm.; width

0.95 mm. California (Sta. Cruz to Lake Co.) latiascnlnm Csy.

Punctures close-set, the surface more alutaceous; body less stout 8

8 — Body more evenly parallel, the prothorax notably larger and only

slightly narrower than the head or elytra, blackish-piceous, the pro-
thorax, elytra, legs and antennae paler and piceo -testaceous; elytra
obviously longer than wide, a fourth wider and rather more than one-
half longer than the prothorax; gular sutures very approximate and
distinctly impressed. Sinus of the fifth ventral broad and well devel-
oped but not very deep, the process scarcely at all more than one -third
of its total width, broadly sinuate with rounded angles, its sides but
feebly divergent to the base ; fimbriate sides only very feebly, evenly
curved and but slightly narrower than the process ; surface of the seg-
ment feebly flattened toward the middle throughout, the flattened area
more finely and sparsely pubescent. Length 4.2 mm.; width 0.8 mm.

California (Sta. Clara Co.) malacnm Csy.

Body less evenly parallel, the elytra being notably wider than the head and
a fourth wider and one-half longer than the prothorax, not longer than
wide, still more finely and closely punctured, dark rufo-testaceous,
the head and abdomen blackish, the legs pale; abdomen notably nar-
rower than the elytra; gular sutures fine but distinct, not distinctly
impressed, very narrovyly separated. Sinus of the flfth segment nearly
as in malacum, but with the fimbriate sides evenly though more strongly
curved, only slightly narrower than the median process, which is more
broadly sinuate and nearly parallel-sided ; surface of the segment not
modified. Length 3.8 mm.; width 0.75 mm. California (Humboldt
Co.) hnmboldti n. sp.

9 — Gular sutures almost completely contiguous and distinctly impressed ;

head large, with the basal angles broadly rounded, notably wider than

the prothorax 10

Gular sutures very narrowly but perceptibly separated and not or very
feebly impressed; head only very slightly wider than the prothorax;
species smaller in size 11

10 — Sinus of the fifth segment about three-fifths as wide as the apex, only

moderately deep, the median process somewhat less than half as wide
as the sinus, with rounded lateral angles, sinuate throughout almost in
circular arc, the sinus five or six times as wide as deep ; sides of the
process slightly diverging to the base, the fimbriate sides of the
sinus rather strongly curved. Body finely, not very densely punctate,

Casey — A Revision of the American Paederini. 169

except the abdomen which, as usual, is densely and more finely punc-
tate, piceous, the elytra rather bright rufous, the legs pale; head behind
the clypeal margin fully as wide as long, parallel and straight at the
sides behind the rather well developed eyes; prothorax slightly wider
than long, very feebly obtrapezoidal; elytra large, rather longer than
wide, wider and longer than the head, a third wider and three-fifths
longer than the prothorax. Length 4.5 mm.; width 0.9 mm. California
(Kern Co.) kernianum n. sp.

Sinus similar in extent and depth, the median process a little larger, about
half as wide as the sinus, more deeply but less broadly sinuate in sub-
parabolic arc, but little more than four times as wide as deep, the sides
feebly diverging from the rather narrowly rounded and subrectangular
angles to the base, the fimbriate sides of the sinus feebly curved. Body
finely, not very closely punctate anteriorly, blackish-piceous, the elytra
but slightly paler, the legs brownish-testaceous; head not quite as
long as wide, parallel and straight at the sides behind the eyes, which
are rather well developed; prothorax slightly wider than long, nearly
straight and parallel at the sides, the angles all rounded as usual;
elytra but slightly wider than the head, rather longer than wide, a
fourth wider and half longer than the prothorax. Length 4.6 mm.;
width 0.8 mm. California (near San Francisco)... consanguinenm Csy.

11 — Head unusually narrow, rather longer than wide and only just visibly
wider than the prothorax, parallel and straight at the sides behind the
rather well developed eyes, the basal angles moderately broadly rounded ;
prothorax but little wider than long, the sides straight and almost par-
allel, the angles all rather less rounded than usual; elytra about a
fourth wider and half longer than the prothorax, fully as long as wide;
body unusually slender, piceous, polished and sparsely punctulate ante-
riorly; elytra and legs but little paler. Secondary sexual characters of
the fifth ventral almost as in consanguineum throughout. Length 4.0
mm. ; width 0.7 mm. California (San Mateo Co.) coutiganm Csy.

Head broader behind the clypeal margin, fully as wide as long, the sides
behind the rather well developed eyes parallel and straight, with the
basal angles rather broadly rounded; prothorax well developed, feebly
obtrapezoidal, slightly wider than long, with almost straight sides and
rather narrowly rounded angles, just visibly narrower than the head;
elytra quadrate, scarcely a fourth wider and less than one-half longer
than the prothorax; body moderately slender, blackish-piceous, the
elytra and legs slightly paler, rufescent; integuments shining, very finely
and not closely punctate anteriorly. Sinus of the fifth ventral three-
fifths as wide as the apex, the median process very wide, nearly three-
fifths as wide as the sinus, its sinus very broad, deep and parabolic,
occupying the entire apex and about five times as wide as deep, its
angles rather narrowly rounded and the sides but feebly diverging to
the base; fimbriate sides of the segmental sinus rather strongly curved,
the spinules about six in number. Length 3.7 mm.; width 0.75 mm.
California (southern — probably Los Angeles Co.) snbsimile n. sp.

Head still broader behind the clypeal margin, a little wider than long, the
sides behind the unusually small eyes subparallel and broadly arcuate,
the width just before the broadly rounded basal angles rather greater

170 Trans. Acad. Sci. of St. Louis.

than at the eyes; prothorax obviously narrower than the head, dis-
tinctly and rather strongly obtrapezoidal, somewhat wider than long,
the sides nearly straight and the angles moderately broadly rounded ;
elytra scarcely wider and but little longer than the head, not quite as
long as wide, a fifth wider and one-third longer than the prothorax;
body moderately stout, piceous- black, prothorax slightly paler, the
elytra and legs rufous, the head rather densely punctate, the pronotum
more sparsely and shining. Sinus of the fifth segment unusually
narrow, but little more than half as wide as the apex and shallow, the
process unusually wide and large, three -fourths as wide as the sinus,
broadly sinuate in its median three-fourths in circular arc; fimbriate
sides of the segmental sinus very short, strongly curved and with
about five spinules. Length 3.8 mm.; width 0.8 mm. California
(locality unrecorded) difiorme n. sp.

12 — Process slightly more than one-third the total width of the sinus, its

sides diverging at an angle of 45° to the base, its sides at apex broadly
rounded, its median sinus feeble in circular arc, broadly toward the
middle; fimbriate sides or the principal sinus broadly, evenly and
feebly curved; surface of the fifth segment not fiattened. Body mod-
erately slender, piceous-black, rather shining, finely and not closely
punctate anteriorly, the prothorax slightly, the elytra and legs dis-
tinctly, paler; head rather small and narrow, as long as wide, the
basal angles very broadly rounded, the sides thence to the well devel-
oped eyes straight and parallel; prothorax well developed, fully as
wide as the head, parallel and straight at the sides, a little wider than
long; elytra scarcely as long as wide, rather more than a fourth wider
and fully one-third longer than the prothorax; gular sutures gradually
becoming very approximate posteriorly, slightly impressed. Length
4.0 mm.; width 0.8 mm. California (Mendocino and Sta. Cruz Cos.).

retrnsnmCsy.

Process much wider, broadly arcuate throughout or becoming slightly

truncate toward the middle, never distinctly sinuate 13

13 — Body less slender, piceo-rufous, the head darker and the abdomen

black; head as wide as long, parallel and straight at the sides behind
the eyes with the basal angles rounded, not evidently wider than the
prothorax, the latter distinctly wider than long, parallel at the sides
with rounded angles; elytra quadrate, much wider and longer than the
prothorax. Process in the sinus of the fifth segment broadly, evenly
arcuate throughout its width and fully half as wide as the sinus.
Length 4.0 mm. ; width 0.85 mm. California (Napa Co.) .sublestnm Csy.
Body slender, piceous, the prothorax and fianks of the elytra nubilously
pale, the legs very pale; surface shining anteriorly; head rather wider
than long, parallel and straight at the sides, distinctly wider than the
prothorax, the basal angles rounded ; prothorax straight and parallel at
the sides, fully as long as wide, with broadly rounded angles; elytra
rather longer than wide, nearly one-half wider than the prothorax and
three-fifths longer; gular sutures quite distinctly, though narrowly,
separated ; parallel, except anteriorly, where they become rather ab-
ruptly divergent. Process of the fifth ventral very large, three-fifths
as wide as the sinus, broadly arcuate throughout its width and becom-

Casey — A Revision of the American Paederini. 171

ing slightly truncate toward the middle ; fimbriate sides — making an
angle of 45° with a transverse line — feebly curved. Length 3.9 mm.;
width 0.7 mm . California (Sonoma Co.) laugnidnm Csy.

14 — Moderately slender, fusco-testaceous, the head and abdomen black,

the flanks of the elytra nubilously paler, the legs pale; anterior parts
rather shining, the punctures small and not dense, fine and dense on the
elytra and abdomen; head rather small, distinctly wider than long, the
basal angles only moderately broadly rounded, the base broadly trun-
cate, the neck a little narrower than usual, the sides behind the eyes
straight and parallel, the eyes larger than usual, more than half as long
as the distance thence to the base of the head ; prothorax well devel-
oped, fully as wide as the head or a little wider, almost as long as wide,
broadly rounded at apex, the sides parallel ; elytra quadrate, a fourth
wider and nearly one-half longer than the prothorax; gular sutures
widely separated anteriorly, straight and gradually convergent thence
nearly to the base, becoming very approximate, the space between them
anteriorly densely and roughly sculptured, the intersutural area very
feebly impressed. Length 3.9 mm.; width 0.8 mm. Arizona.

apacheauam n. sp.

15 — Species inhabitating the regions immediately bordering the Pacific

Ocean 16

Species inhabiting the high Sierras and eastward 22

16 — Prothorax more or less distinctly wider than long 17

Prothorax smaller, oblong, fully as long as wide and apparently longer,

always narrower than the head ; species frequently very smail in size,
the neck narrower than usual 21

17 — Gular sutures very widely separated, the intervening space at the

narrowest point wider than the maximum width of the third palpal

joint 18

Gular sutures less widely separated, the intervening space slightly narrower
than the width of the third palpal joint 19

18 — Body rather small and slender, feebly shining anteriorly with the head

more alutaceous, dark testaceous in color, the head somewhat and the
abdomen notably, darker, piceous, the elytra clouded with piceous;
legs pale; head finely, rather closely punctate, convex, rather wider
than long, very slightly wider than the prothorax, straight and parallel
at the sides behind the rather small eyes, the basal angles broadly
rounded; prothorax only just visibly wider than long, nearly straight
and subparallel at the sides, sparsely punctate; elytra rather longer
than wide, fully two-fifths wider and one-half longer than the prothorax;
gular sutures broadly arcuate, feebly impressed, least separated at, or
a little behind, the middle of the post-oral surface, which is rather
finely and sparsely punctate. Median process in the apical sinus of the
fifth ventral rather narrow, scarcely more than a third as wide as the
sinus, broadly sinuato-truncate throughout its width at apex, its lateral
angles well marked and rectangular, its sides short, rectilinear and
parallel; surface with an arcuate series of long and widely spaced
bristles at some distance before the process but otherwise unmodified;
fimbriate sides of the segmental sinus distinctly curved, each having

172 Trans. Acad. Sci. of St. Louis.

about eight black spinules. Length 3.6 mm.; width 0.65 mm. Cali-
fornia (near San Francisco) gulare n. sp.

Body nearly similar in form and coloration to the preceding, the head and
abdomen blackish, the elytra brighter rufous and less clouded; head
finely, less closely punctate, similar in form but with the eyes evidently
larger, more obviously wider than the prothorax, the latter very dis-
tinctly wider than long, nearly parallel at the sides, the angles moder-
ately rounded; elytra about as long as wide, a third wider and three -
fifths longer than the prothorax; gular sutures broadly arcuate and
slightly impressed, nearly as in gulare in form, the under surface of
the head more coarsely, closely and subscabrously punctate. Median
process of the fifth segment broader, nearly half as wide as the sinus,
its apex truncate, becoming only just visibly sinuate toward the middle,
its lateral angles rather broadly rounded and with the sides becoming
parallel only at the base; fimbriate sides rather strongly curved, each
with about six or seven porrect black spinules, surface with a sparse
arcuate series of bristles before the process. Length 3.4 mm.; width
0.65 mm. California (probably the middle coast region).. distans n. sp.

19 — Head narrow, somewhat longer than wide and not wider than the
prothorax in the female, the sides long, straight and parallel behind the
moderately developed eyes, the basal angles moderately rounded. Body
slender, the anterior parts finely, sparsely punctured and polished,
piceous-black, the abdomen blackish, the elytra paler and brownish-
rufous; prothorax only just perceptibly wider than long, nearly par-
allel and straight at the sides, the angles rather broadly rounded;
elytra relatively much smaller than usual, about a fourth wider and
scarcely one-half longer than the prothorax, scarcely as long as wide;
under surface of the head polished, finely, sparsely punctured and
convex, the gular sutures parallel and straight through the greater part
of their extent and distinctly impresseo. Male unknown. Length 4.0
mm. ; width 0.65 mm. California (San Francisco) lactnosum Csy.

Head perceptibly wider than the prothorax in both sexes, rather wider than
long, the sides parallel and straight behind the eyes, the basal angles
moderately broadly rounded 20

20 — Smaller species, pale fiavo-testaceous in color, more or less feebly
clouded with piceous — notably on the posterior parts of the abdomen.
Head only very slightly wider than the prothorax, finely, not densely
punctate; prothorax rather large and well developed, notably wider
than long and unusually strongly obtrapezoidal in form, the angles
narrowly rounded; elytra rather small, quadrate, a fifth wider and
about one-half longer than the prothorax; gular sutures straight.
Median process of the fifth ventral short, about two-fifths as wide as
the sinus, the latter relatively somewhat smaller and deeper than
usual, the process very feebly, almost evenly sinuate at apex, its lateral
angles narrowly rounded and with its sides parallel at base; fimbriate
sides strongly curved and having unusually coarse black spinules; sur-
face without the arcuate series of bristles before the process but
clothed with very coarse black hairs throughout. Length 3.4 mm.;
width 0.6 mm. California (Siskiyou Co.) pallescens n. sp.

Larger species, piceous-black, the prothorax and elytra rufo-piceous, the

Casey — A Revision of the American Paederini. 173

legs and antennae pale. Head distinctly wider than the prothorax
in the female, the eyes only moderately developed and rather smaller
than in the female of pallescens ; prothorax relatively smaller, scarcely
more than just visibly wider than long, subparallel and nearly straight
at the sides, the angles rounded; elytra relatively larger, somewhat
longer than wide, fully a third wider and three -fifths longer than the
prothorax, not paler in color than the latter; under surface of the head
rather flat and somewhat strongly and closely punctate, the gular
sutures fine, scarcely at all impressed, nearly straight and just visibly
converging to a short distance from the base, the intersutural region
paler in color. Length 4.0 mm.; width 0.72 mm. California (Sta. Cruz

Co.) conforme n. sp.

21— Body slender, black, the anterior parts with a slight piceous tinge,
scarcely at all paler on the elytra; head and prothorax polished, finely,
sparsely punctate, the former rather wider than long, only slightly wider
than the prothorax, parallel and nearly straight at the sides behind the
unusually small eyes, the basal angles moderately broadly rounded;
prothorax as long as wide, the apex oblique at each side of the neck,
the apical angles broadly obtuse; elytra quadrate, almost one- half
wider and longer than the prothorax; under surface of the head broadly
convex, rather strongly but sparsely punctate, the gular sutures very
fine, almost obliterated, wholly unimpressed and sensibly converging
nearly to the base, where they are more narrowly separated than in any
of the preceding species of this section. Median process of the fifth
ventral very narrow but rather long, about a fourth as wide as the sinus,
deeply sinuate at apex with its sides straight and nearly parallel and
the angles acute; fimbriate sides of the segmental sinus long, very
feebly curved, each with about ten or eleven unusually long black
spinules. Length 3.5 mm. ; width 0.6 mm. California (Sta. Clara Co.) .

gregale Csy.
Body shorter and relatively less slender, the elytra scarcely picescent, the
legs brown; surface shining, the abdomen dull; head very finely, not
very densely punctured, as long as wide, evidently wider than the
prothorax, the sides behind the rather small eyes parallel and broadly,
distinctly arcuate, the basal angles broadly rounded; prothorax nearly
as in the preceding but with the sides of the apex less oblique and more
rounded and the obtuse apical angles more broadly rounded; elytra
two-fifths wider and one-half longer than the prothorax, scarcely longer
than wide; under surface of the head convex, polished, rather finely,
sparsely punctate, the gular sutures fine, but slightly impressed, grad-
ually and feebly converging nearly to the base almost as in gregale.
Median process of the fifth ventral distinctly more than a third as
wide as the sinus, deeply and evenly sinuate at apex from side to side,
its angles acutely rounded and less than right, its sides straight and
diverging thence to the base; fimbriate sides very feebly curved; sur-
face having some long bristles before the process at each side of the
middle, nearly as in gfj-esraZe. Length 3.2 mm.; width 0.6 mm. Califor-
nia (Sta. Cruz to San Francisco) mimulum Csy.

Body very slender, dark rufo -piceous in color, the elytra piceous, the legs
paler; surface rather shining, finely, sparsely punctate, the elytra and

174 Trans. Acad. Sci. of St. Louis.

abdomen more densely and subasperately punctate and duller; head
small, narrow, as long as wide, scarcely perceptibly wider than the
prothorax, the sides parallel and straight behind the rather small eyes,
the angles well rounded; prothorax nearly as in gregale but with the
obtuse apical angles more rounded; elytra somewhat longer than wide,
about one-half wider and longer than the prothorax; under surface of
the head rather finely and sparsely punctate, moderately convex, the
gular sutures almost straight and parallel throughout the greater part
of their extent, noticeably more deeply impressed and more widely
separated than in either of the preceding species. Median process of
the fifth ventral very large, fully one-half as wide as the sinus, deeply
sinuate throughout its width at apex, with the angles narrowly rounded
and rather less than right, its sides parallel to the base; fimbriate sides
rather short, very slightly curved, each with about eight spinules; sur-
face of the segment just before the process with a large uniserial cluster
of very long close-set inclined bristles at each side of the middle.
Length 2,9 mm.; width 0.55 mm. California (.Los Angeles Co.).

debile n. sp.

22 — Head about as wide as the prothorax or just visibly wider 23

Head very small, narrower than the prothorax 27

23 — Body in great part dark piceous or blackish in color ; gular sutures

moderately separated 24

Body testaceous in color throughout 26

24 — Head closely punctured and rather dull in lustre. Body piceous in
color, the elytra and prothorax paler, sometimes dark testaceous with
the head blackish ; legs pale ; head j ust visibly wider than the prothorax,
a trifle smaller in the female, minutely, closely punctate, parallel and
virtually straight at the sides behind the rather small eyes, the basal
angles only moderately rounded; prothorax well developed, much less
punctate than the head and more shining, very slightly wider than
long, slightly obtrapezoidal in form, the angles rounded; elytra quad-
rate, barely a third wider and one-half longer than the prothorax;
under surface of the head rather closely punctate, rufous in color.
Median process of the fifth ventral somewhat more than two-fifths as
wide as the sinus, evenly and moderately sinuate in circular arc
throughout its width, its angles right and but slighly blunt, its sides
diverging thence to the base ; fimbriate sides of the segmental sinus
feebly curved, each with about eight black spinules; surface before
the process with a transverse straight line of coarse and well spaced
inclined black bristles at each side of the middle. Length 3.9 mm.;

width 0.72 mm. California (Lake Tahoe) tahoeuse n. sp.

Head sparsely punctured and polished • 25

25 Piceous in color, the head blackish, the elytra and legs paler

and testaceous; head somewhat wider than long, parallel and nearly
straight at the sides behind the rather well developed eyes, about equal
in width to the prothorax, the basal angles well rounded; prothorax
distinctly wider than long and evidently obtrapezoidal, with the sides
nearly straight, the angles narrowly rounded; elytra nearly as
in tahoense; under surface of the head rather flat, moderately closely
punctured, the gular sutures fine, feebly converging to about the

Casey — A Revision of the American Paederini. 175

middle of the post -oral surface, where they are separated — as in
the preceding species — by distinctly less than the maximum width
of the third palpal joint. Median process of the fifth ventral two-
fifths as wide as the sinus, moderately sinuate at apex in somewhat
parabolic form, the sinus not extending quite to the side angles, which
are right and but little rounded, its sides feebly diverging and straight
thence to the base; fimbriate sides of the segmental sinus as in
tahoense, the transverse discal lines of inclined bristles less developed.
Length 3.8 mm.; width 0.73 mm. California (Truckee and Lake

Tahoe) moutanum n. sp.

Piceous, though paler in color than the preceding, the head blackish and
the elytra paler, the legs pale flavo-testaceous ; head equal in width to
the prothorax — even a little narrower in the female, parallel and
straight at the sides behind the rather well developed eyes, the basal
angles rather broadly rounded ; prothorax distinctly obtrapezoidal with
the sides nearly straight, obviously wider than long; elytra quadrate, a
fourth to fifth wider than the prothorax; under surface of the head
sparsely punctate, the gular sutures even less widely separated than in
the two preceding species, and not at all impressed. Median process
of the fifth ventral nearly as in montanum but somewhat wider, the
fimbriate sides rather shorter and more strongly curved, the discal
rows of bristles nearly similar. Length 4.0 mm.; width 0.7 mm.
Idaho (Coeur d'Alfene) boreale n. sp.

26 — Moderately slender, larger in size, somewhat shining throughout, the

punctures only moderately close-set on the head which is generally a
little darker in color, very slightly wider than the prothorax, parallel
and straight at the sides behind the rather small eyes and with well
rounded basal angles; prothorax well developed, evidently obtrape-
zoidal and wider than long; elytra relatively rather small in size, a fifth
wider and two-fifths longer than the prothorax ; under surface of the
head strongly, moderately closely punctate, the gular sutures rather
strongly convergent, becoming parallel at about the middle of the post-
oral surface, where they are separated by but little more than half the
width of the third palpal joint, strongly impressed. Median process of
the fifth ventral but little less than one-half as wide as the sinus, which
is rather deep, its apex feebly sinuate in circular arc throughout the
width, its angles right but well rounded, its sides diverging thence to
the base ; fimbriate sides moderately curved but less widely diverging
than usual, each with some eight or nine black spinules. Length
4.4 mm.; width 0.75 mm. Arizona (Williams), — Mr. Wickham.

arizonicnm n. sp.

27 —Body small and moderately slender, piceous, the head blackish, the

flanks and apex of the elytra broadly and nubilously pale testaceous,
the legs pale as usual ; surface shining throughout but with the punc-
tures, even of the head and pronotum, close-set and minute; head
small, about as wide as long, parallel and straight at the sides for a
short distance behind the unusually large eyes, the basal angles broadly
rounded; prothorax large, but just visibly wider than long, the sides
subparallel and nearly straight, the angles rounded ; elytra well devel-
oped, quadrate, a third wider and not quite one-half longer than the

176 Trans. Acad. Sci. of St. Louis.

prothorax ; under surface of the head convex, black, shining, though
rather closely punctulate, the gular sutures well impressed, widely sep-
arated, gradually converging nearly to the base of the head where they
are separated by three-fourths of the maximum width of the third pal-
pal joint. Male unknown; sixth ventral segment of the female strongly
angulate at apex. Length 3.0 mm.; width 0.62 mm. Arizona (Pinal
Mts.),— Mr. Wickham pinalicum n. sp.

The species of Faraynedon will prove to be very numerous,
being also abundant in individuals as a rule, and, as the males
seem to be as well represented as the females, it generally
happens that male characters are at hand for use in identifi-
cation. All of the species here described are represented by
males except four, viz. : apacheanum, luctuoswn, conforme and
pinalicum, and these are sufficiently distinct in other ways by
reason of well marked divergencies, either in structure or habi-
tat, to render them easy of identification; conforme and
luctuosuin are, however, mutually rather closely related. In
some parts of the series the species become closely allied and
will require care and study in identification, as for example in
the case of boreale and ^nontanum, which maybe distinguished
from each other by some noticeable differences in the male
sexual characters, as well as by the more sparsely punctate
under surface of the head in the former. In general the
species are smaller than those of Medoii and are equally mo-
notonous in general appearance.

Medonodonta n. gen.

This genus and the succeeding are distinguished from those
which precede in the group having the labrum bidentate, by
the size and prominence of the teeth, which are very acute
and project so far as to be conspicuous with an ordinary hand
lens; they also have the neck somewhat narrower than usual,
notably so in the present genus, the single representative of
which may be defined as follows : —

Slender, parallel and distinctly depressed, alutaceous in lustre and pale
and uniform red-brown in color throughout ; punctures obsolete except
toward the side of the head and on the elytra, where they are very
minute; head well developed, wider than long, the sides parallel and
broadly, evenly arcuate, with the basal angles more than right but not

Casey — A Revision of the American Paederini. 177

rounded, the base truncate, becoming feebly sinuate in median tliird,
the eyes at between three and four limes their length from the base;
antennae rather slender, filiform, with the joints elongate, about three-
fourths longer than the head ; prothorax strongly obtrapezoidal, slightly
wider than long, only just visibly narrower than the head, the sides
broadly and evenly arcuate, the angles obtuse but not much rounded;
elytra very slightly longer than wide, just visibly narrower than the
prothorax but rather distinctly longer, the sides subparallel and broadly,
feebly arcuate, broadly rounding into the base; abdomen widest at the
middle where it is as wide as the head and slightly wider than the elytra,
the sides broadly and evenly arcuate. Length 4.3 mm. ; width 0.68 mm.
New Mexico alutacea n. sp.

The gular sutures are moderately widely separated, grad-
ually and arcuately converging posteriorly and most narrowly
separated basally; they are notably and very broadly im-
pressed. The single type is a female and has lost all its legs.

Oxymedon n. gen.

In general facies the single known representative of this
genus departs widely from Medonodonta, differing in form,
convexity and sculpture to a notable degree, as well as in the
much more approximate and scarcely at all impressed gular
sutures. It may be described as follows : —

Body rather stout, parallel and convex, strongly shining, the punctures of
the head not very coarse but strong and well separated, those of the pro-
thorax scarcely smaller but notably feebler and rather less close -set,
those of the elytra somewhat coarse and very strong, nearly like those
of the head but sparser; color bright and uniform pale testaceous
throughout, the head sometimes feebly picescent; head almost as long as
wide, parallel and nearly straight at the sides, the angles broadly
rounded, the eyes at a little less than three times their own length from
the base, the latter becoming gradually transversely truncate toward
the middle ; antennae moderately slender and notably elongate, as long
as the head and prothorax together, scarcely perceptibly and very grad-
ually enlarged distally; prothorax slightly narrower than the head, as
long as wide, the sides subparallel or just visibly convergent from apex
to base and broadly arcuate, the angles all broadly rounded; elytra
quadrate, parallel, and feebly arcuate at the sides, a fifth wider and one-
third longer than the prothorax, rather wider than the head; abdomen
parallel with the sides straight, not quite as wide as the head. Length
4.8 mm.; width 0.85 mm. California CSisson andTruckee), — Mr. Wick-
ham rubrum u. sp.

The male sexual characters are nearly as in the California
species of Medon, the fifth segment being unmodified and the

178 Trans. Acad. Sci. of St. Louis.

sixth having a large, evenly and almost semicircularly rounded
sinus, occupying virtually the entire apex and between two
and three times as wide as deep, with its contour unmodified.

Tetramedon n. gen.

The labrum in this genus is remarkably similar to that of
Polymedon, but in every other respect the two genera are
altoo-ether unlike, besides inhabiting quite different faunal
provinces. The gular sutures in Tetramedon are moderately
separated anteriorly, converging gradually to the base of the
head, where they are very narrowly separated and are well
impressed throughout. The single species known thus far is
the following : —

Eather stout, parallel, somewhat depressed, moderately shining, black or
piceous-black, the elytra bright rufous, except a large basal cloud near
the scutellum, which is piceous, the legs and antennae pale red- brown;
head well developed, wider than long, the sides parallel and broadly
arcuate, the angles broadly rounded, the punctures not very coarse but
deep and very close-set, mingled with larger circular punctures bearing
stiffer setae; eyes at somewhat more than twice their own length from
the base ; antennae rather long and thick, subequal in length to the head
and prothorax together; prothorax oblong, as long as wide, less than
four-fifths as wide as the head and punctured like the latter but more
finely and feebly, the sides straight and subparallel or just visibly con-
ver«»ent from apex to base, the angles obtuse and distinctly, though not
very broadly rounded; elytra large, parallel, with slightly arcuate sides
and well marked basal angles, which are widely exposed at base, dis-
tinctly longer than wide, slightly wider than the head, two-fifths wider
and about one-half longer than the prothorax, moderately strongly and
closely punctured; abdomen about as wide as the head, parallel, the
sides just visibly arcuate, densely punclulate. Length 4.0 mm.; width
0.8 mm. New York (Hudson Valley) rnflpenne n. sp.

The unique type of this interesting species is a female, but
the male secondary characters are probably of the usual sim-
ple form.

Platymedon Csy. ,

This genus was proposed by the writer some years ago to
include a peculiar myrmecophilous Paederid of moderate size,
somewhat depressed and of broadly parallel form, with char-

Casey — A Revision of the American Paederini. 179

acters as stated in the table. Since then another member of
the genus has occurred, and a specimen was kindly sent to me
by Mr. Wickham as having been collected in eastern Nevada.
The two species may be identified as follows : —

Stout, depressed, the sides slightly arcuate in general form, pale brownish-
testaceous throughout, the head and abdomen rather darker; head and
prothorax smooth, shining and subirapunctate, becoming finely puuctu-
late and subscabrous broadly toward the sides, the elytra evenly,
closely, minutely and asperately punctate; head much wider than long,
somewhat transversely oval in form, the sides being parallel and broadly
arcuate, the angles broadly rounded and the base transversely arcuate,
the eyes moderately well developed, the sides and frontal regions
bristling with a few black setae; antennae slender, as long as the head
and prothorax in the male, shorter in the female; prothorax three-fifths
wider than long, the sides just visibly converging from the very broadly
rounded apical angles to the more obtuse but less rounded basal angles
and nearly straight, distinctly wider than the head, the rounded contour
of the apical angles having three or four long black bristling setae and
the basal angles marked by another similar bristle; elytra much wider
than long, slightly wider than the prothorax and about one-half
longer, the sides strongly diverging and broadly arcuate from the
rounded and scarcely at all exposed basal angles; apical margin con-
jointly broadly and angularly sinuate, the side margins without trace of
bristling setae ; abdomen short and broad, as wide as the elytra, the
segments short and broad with the side margins rather thick, having
numerous long bristling setae toward tip. Length 4.0 mm.; width
1.0 mm. Northern Illinois, Iowa (Iowa City) and Nebraska (West
Point) laticolle Csy .

Stout but more parallel, moderately depressed, pale red-brown throughout,
the head and abdomen somewhat more piceous; elytra and prothorax
alutaceous, finely but strongly, extremely densely and evenly punctate
throughout, the latter with only vestiges of a narrow smooth median
line, the head more shining, more coarsely, deeply and less closely
punctured but evenly so throughout, except a narrow smooth median
line, the abdomen finely, densely punctulate as usual; head but little
wider than long, the sides much longer than in laticolle and nearly
straight, the angles less broadly rounded and the base moderately arcu-
ate; antennae longer and relatively stouter, as long as the head and pro-
thorax even in the female; prothorax only just visibly wider than the
head, about a third wider than long, the sides subparallel and feebly
arcuate, the apical angles right and scarcely or only very narrowly
rounded, the basal more broadly so, the bristling setae subobsolete;
elytra about as long as wide, slightly wider than the prothorax and
three-fifths longer, the sides diverging from the base and nearly
straight, the apex only feebly sinuate; abdominal setae toward tip
short. Male unknown. Length 4.6 mm.; width 0.9 mm. Nevada
(Elko) neTadicam n. sp.

180 Trans. Acad. Sci. of St. Louis.

The male secondary characters in laiicolle are of a simple
nature, the fifth ventral being unmodified, or only just visibly
and broadly sinuate, and the sixth having a simple rounded
sinus of moderate depth and about a third as wide as the
apex. In nevadicmn the outer labral teeth are relatively
smaller and at a greater distance from the inner than in
laticolle.

Medonella n. gen.

The single minute species, for which this generic name is
proposed, is remarkable in having a type of antenna some-
what recalling Sciocharis, those organs being short, with the
basal joint rather stout and of the usual length, the second
short and less stout and the third and following still smaller
and more slender; but the outer joints increase rather rapidly
in size, the eleventh being about as stout as the first and the
setae, though bristling, are very much shorter. It is also
peculiar in that the rather widely separated gular sutures are
completely eifaced. The type of Medonella may be described
as follows : —

Parallel, moderately convex and slender, polished throughout and pale
rufo-testaceous, the abdomen slightly darker or picesctnt; punctures
of the head fine, simple and sparse, of the pronotum still finer and
sparger, of the elytra rather coarse, asperate and not close-set and of
the abdomen unusually coarsely and sparsely asperate; head well
developed, wider than long, parallel and straight at the sides, the
angles right and but narrowly rounded, the base transversely trunciite,
becoming sinuate in the middle ; antennae scarcely a third longer than
the head in the female; eyes rather small but unusually convex; pro-
thorax feebly obtrapezoidal, slightly wider than long, just visibly
narrower than the head, the sides nearly straight and the angles rather
obtuse, the anterior scarcely at all rounded; elytra small, about equal to
the prothorax in length and width, the sides obviously diverging from
the scarcely rounded basal angles and almost straight; abdomen at the
middle rather wider than the elytra and fully as wide as the head, of
the usual length, the sides parallel and very feebly arcuate; legs rather
short. Length 1.8 mm.; width 0.3 mm. Florida (Biscayne Bay).

miunta n. sp.

The two specimens before me are females, the male being
unknown as yet. The labral teeth are very difficult to
observe, but the outer seem to be not only smaller than the

Casey — A Revision of the American Paederini. 181

inner but short and very broadly obtuse. It is probable that
other species of this genus will occur in Cuba and else-
where in the Caribbean region.

Oligopterus Csy.

Although possessing a distinct habitus, the very small and
slender species of this genus are closely allied to Calodei^jna,
having similarly four minute labral teeth, the two inner — at
each side of the median sinus — less minute than the two outer,
the widely separated and feebly defined arcuate gular sutures
mutually most approximate well before the middle of the
under surface of the head and the anterior tarsi slender, fili-
form and not at all dilated but only slightly thickened, even in
the male. The genus differs, however, in the very small
elytra, which never exceed the prothorax in length, in the
minute eyes, shorter metasternum and coarser sculpture of
the abdomen above and beneath. The species are few in
number, widely distributed over nearly the same geographical
regions as Caloderma and are even more closely allied among
themselves than the members of that genus; the species in
fact resemble each other so closely that, were it not for the
much more widely separated gular sutures of I'emotus, I
would be disposed to consider them all as subspecies of a sin-
gle generic type. The four forms in my cabinet may be out-
lined as follows : —

Gular sutures separated by a minimum distance equal to about a seventh of
ttie total width of the head, the latter well developed, as wide as long,
somewhat wider than the prothorax, the sides parallel and straight,
the angles rectangular and but slightly rounded; punctures small but
strong, moderately close-set; prothorax obtrapezoidal, slightly wider
than long, the anterior angles distinct, the punctures strong and sim-
ilar to those of the head ; elytra distinctly shorter than wide, equal in
width to the prothorax and not quite as long, the sides feebly diverging
from the base, the punctures close, strong and asperate; abdomen as
wide as the elytra, finely, densely and asperately punctate; color dark
rufo-piceous, the elytra darker and the abdomen black, the legs and an-
tennae dark red-brown. Length 2.6 mm; width 0.4 mm. California
(San Francisco) remotus n. sp.

Gular sutures similarly fine, feeble, arcuate and unimpressed but more ap-
proximate, mutually distant at their point of minimum separation by
about a twelfth of the width of the head 2

182 Trans. Acad. Sci. of St. Louis.

2 — Body as iu remotus but somewhat more sleuder, similar ia coloration
and sculpture, the head not distinctly wider than the pro'.horax, with
the parallel sides slightly arcuate and the basal angles more broadly
rounded; prothorax fully as long as wide, strongly obtrapezoidal with
the angles distinct; elytra and abdomen as in remotus but slid narrower.
Length 2.7 mm. ; width 0.4 mm. California (San Francisco to Sta. Cruz.) .

cnneicollis Csy.

Body as in cuneicollis in coloration and sculpture but still more slender, the
head slightly wider than the prothorax with the sides parallel and
broadly, feebly arcuate, the basal angles scarcely rounded; prothorax as
long as wide, strongly obtrapezoidal, the sides broadly arcuate; elytra
equal to the prothorax in width and length, fully as long as wide, the
sides diverging as usual, the basal angles rounded ; abdomen as wide as
the elytra, and, as usual, half as long as the body. Length 2.5 mm.;
width 0.38 mm. California (Mokelumne Hill, Calaveras Co.), — Dr.
Blaisdell iilnm n . sp.

Body as in the preceding species but a little stouter than Jilum, pale rufo-
testaceous with the legs and antennae concolorous, the abdomen
piceous; surface more polished, with the punctures a little sparser and
more feeble; head slightly wider than the prothorax, parallel and feebly
arcuate at the sides, the basal angles distinctly rounded; prothorax
very nearly as long as wide, only moderately obtrapezoidal, the angles
slightly rounded; elytra rather flattened, not quite as long as wide or as
long as the prothorax but as wide as the latter, the sides almost paral-
lel but broadly arcuate. Length 2.5 mm.; width 0.4 mm. Montana
(western), — Mr. Wickham flexilis n. sp.

The male sexual characters are constant throughout the
genus, as iu Caloderma, and consist solely of a triangular
notch, with its angle somewhat blunt or narrowly rounded and
situated at the apex of the sixth ventral segment. The notch
is smaller than in Oaloderma, relatively deeper and more
triangular.

Caloderma Csy.

Although widely separated in some characters, such as the
dilated anterior tarsi of the male and absence of labral denti-
tion, there can be no question that Pseudomedon is the near-
est relative of CaZocZerma. The general form of the body,
and, more particularly, the small head, are the same in both
genera, but the gular sutures are much more widely separated
in the former. The species of Caloderma are numerous, con-
fined entirely to the regions west of the crest of the Rocky
Mountains and are difficult to separate in some cases, which
is also the condlj^on '\n Pseudomedon^ — a smaller but very

Casey — A Bevision of the American Paederini. 183

widely distributed genus. The species may be assigned to
two groups based upon the sculpture of the prothorax, but
those of the first group are mutually so closely allied, or at
least similar in general appearance, that I prefer for the pres-
ent to regard them as varietal modifications of a single species.
The following table contains all the species now known to
me: —

Prothorax densely sculptured with fine anastomosing longitudinal rugae. 2
Prothorax with distinctly defined punctures, very rarely exhibiting traces of

a longitudinally rugulose sculpture 3

2 — Body subparallel, rather slender, dull in lustre, black or piceous-black
in color throughout, the legs and antennae also dark; head distinctly
narrower than the prothorax, as wide as long, the sides parallel and
nearly straight, the basal angles rounded; eyes at about twice their
own length from the base, the punctures rounded and distinct, relatively
rather coarse and very dense; prothorax fully as long as wide, the
sides parallel and broadly, evenly arcuate, the angles all broadly
rounded; elytra much longer than wide, parallel, a fourth wider and
two-thirds longer than the prothorax, very minutely but strongly,
asperately and densely punctate ; abdomen parallel, slightly narrower
than the elytra, more shining than the anterior parts and sculptured in
wavy transverse lines of excessively minute and close- set asperulate
punctules ; under surface of the head moderately strongly but rather
sparsely punctured, the gular sutures arcuate, feeble, widely separated
and distant at their most approximate point — which is well before the
middle — by the maximum thickness of the third palpal joint. Sixth
ventral of the male with a small rounded sinus at tip, the fifth unmodi-
fied. Length 3.3-4.0 mm.; width 0.6-0.65 mm. California (Sonoma to

Los Angeles Co.) -rugosa Csy.

Var A— Similar to the above but a little stouter and more evenly paral-
lel, black, the prothorax, elytra, legs and antennae paler, brown;
prothorax distinctly wider than long, less obviously wider than the
head, more transversely truncate at apex, with the anterior angles
more narrowly rounded; elytra large, much longer than wide but only
a fifth or sixth wider than the prothorax; eyes larger than in rugosa
and situated at less than twice their length from the base ; gular
sutures strongly arcuate, very feeble, at their closest point separated
by much less than the maximum thickness of the third palpal joint.
Length 3.6 mm. ; width 0.65 mm. California (Sonoma and Calaveras

Cos.) semibrnnnea n. var.

Var B — Similar to rugosa but smaller and rather more slender, the pro-
thorax more truncate at apex and with narrowly rounded angles;
gular sutures more approximate, nearly as in semibrunnea; color
black throughout. Length 3.3 mm. ; width 0.55 mm. California (San

Mateo Co.) angulata Csy.

Var C — Smaller and rather more slender than rugosa, dark brown in
color with the pronotum, elytra, legs and antennae still paler; elytra

184 Trans. Acad. Sci. of St. Louis.

not quite so elongate; punctures of the head rather less dense; gular
sutures as in angulata. Length 3.1 mm. ; width 0.55 mm. California
(San Diego) continens Csy.

3 _ Elytra always much longer than the prothorax 4

Elytra only very slightly longer than the prothorax, not longer than wide. 13

4 — Species very large and stout, the gular sutures broadly, feebly arcuate,

approximate and distinctly impressed, black throughout, the legs and
antennae brown, the elytra pale at apex; head rather coarsely, closely
and normally punctate, scarcely visibly narrower than the prothorax,
parallel and straight at the sides, as wide as long, the basal angles un-
usually broadly rounded; eyes normal, at about twice their own length
from the base; neck rather less than two-fifths as wide as the head;
prothorax somewhat strongly convex, finely, feebly, rather sparsely
punctured and shining, a little wider than long, very slightly obtrape-
zoidal with the angles very broadly rounded; elytra large, quadrate,
a fourth to nearly a third wider than the prothorax and one-half
longer, very minutely, closely punctate. Sixth ventral of the male with
the usual broadly rounded apical sinus. Length 5.2 mm. ; width 0.9 mm.

California (Los Angeles Co.) pollens n. sp.

Species moderate or small in size and of slender form, the gular sutures
more arcuate, more widely separated and not or scarcely at all im-
pressed ; elytra longer than wide, parallel 5

5 — Pronotum black ; species generally somewhat larger in size 6

Pronotum pale in color ; species frequently very small 11

6 — Elytra black or blackish, paler only at tip 7

Elytra pale throughout 10

7 — Head distinctly narrower than the prothorax 8

Head subequal in width to the prothorax or never more than just percept-
ibly narrower 9

8 — Prothorax much wider than long, parallel and broadly, feebly arcuate
at the sides, finely but deeply, very closely punctured and rather dull in
lustre, the angles moderately rounded; body much larger and distinctly
less slender in form; head as wide as long, parallel and straight at the
sides, very closely, rather coarsely punctured ; elytra large, longer than
wide, nearly a fourth wider and three-fifths longer than the prothorax.
Length 3.4-3.9 mm.; width 0.6-0.68 mm. California (middle coast
regions) mobilis Csy.

Prothorax only very slightly wider than long, slightly obtrapezoidal in form
with the anterior angles but little rounded, finely and strongly but less
densely punctate; body small and very slender, more parallel than in
mobilis, the elytra being narrower when compared with the head and pro-
thorax; head rattier strongly but much more sparsely punctate; elytra
a fifth wider and one-half longer than the prothorax. Length 3.0 mm.;
width 0.5 mm. California (middle coast regions) reducta Csy.

9 — Body rather stouter, nearly as in mobilis but snaaller in size and more
shining, the punctures distinctly less dense; head as wide as long, par-
allel and straight at the sides, the basal angles only slightly rounded,
right; prothorax slightly wider than long, the sides just visibly con-
verging from apex to base, the apical angles well rounded; elytra a
fourth wider and fully three-fifths longer than the prothorax. Length

Casey — A Revision of the American Paederini. 185

3.4-3.6 mm.; width 0.52-0.62 mm. California (Lake and Humboldt

Cos ).- Incnlenta Csy.

Body narrower and more parallel, more slender and rather smaller in size ;
head nearly as in luculenta; prothorax but slightly wider than long,
rather distinctly obtrapezoidal in form, the apical angles but little
rounded ; elytra relatively smaller and narrower than in luculenta, but
very slightly wider and one-half longer than the prothorax. Length
3.2 mm.; width 0.5 mm. Nevada (Reno), California (Truckee), Wash-
ington State (Spokane) and Idaho (Coeur d'Alene) — peregrina n. sp.

10 — Body relatively rather stout, parallel, black and somewhat shining, the

elytra, legs and antennae castaueous-brown; punctures minute and
close- set, coarser and more widely separated on the head, the Tatter
well developed, as long as wide, but slightly narrower than the pro-
thorax, parallel and straight at the sides as usual, the basal angles nar-
rowly rounded; prothorax much wider than long, slightly obtrapezoidal,
the angles distinct; elytra well developed, nearly a fourth wider and
three -fifths longer than the prothorax. Length 3.3 mm.; width 0.62
mm. Nevada (Carson City), — Mr. Wickham conjux n. sp.

11 — Sides of the prothorax parallel, broadly and feebly arcuate. Body

rather slender, parallel, moderately shining, black, the prothorax piceo-
castaneous, the elytra still paler, especially so broadly toward tip; head
noticeably narrower than the prothorax, rather strouiily and closely
punctured as usual, fully as long as wide, parallel and straight at the
sides; prothorax but very little wider than long, minutely punctate, the
angles less rounded than in mobilis; elytra about a fifth wider and
three-fourths longer than the prothorax, parallel. Length 3.5 mm.;

width 0.68 mm. California (middle coast regions) contracta Csy.

Sides of the prothorax more or less feebly convergent from the apical
angles to the base; head as wide as the prothorax or somewhat wider;
specits smalltst of the genus, slender 12

12 — Body black, the pronotum and elytra uniform and pale castaneous-

brown, the Jattur only slightly paler at the extreme tip, the legs and
antennae still paler ; integuments shining ; head as wide as the prothorax
or just visibly narrower, as long as wide, shining, the punctures dis-
tinctly separated; prothorax almost as long as wide, the angles all well
rounded; elytra but little longer than wide, nearly a fourth wider and
barely one-half longer than the prothorax; abdomen somewhat wider
than the prothorax. Length 3.0 ram.; width 0.6 mm. California
(Humboldt Co.) to Washington State (Spokane) discolor u. sp.

Body black, the pronotum piceous, the elytra blackish-piceous, paler at the
apices especially toward the sides; surface feebly shining; head large
for the present genus, somewhat wider than the prothorax, coarsely
and not very densely punctate, fully as wide as long, parallel and
straight at the sides ; prothorax small, almost as long as wide, the angles
rounded, the sides only just visibly convergent; elytra distinctly longer
than wide, fully a fourth wider and three-fifths longer than the pro-
thorax, finely but strongl] , not very densely punctured. Length 2.75
mm.; width 0.55 mm. California (Sta. Clara Co.) tautilla Csy.

Body pale testaceous throughout, the elytra still paler and more flavate and
the abdomen piceous; surface rather shining; head well developed.

186 Travis. Acad. Sci. of St. Louis.

equal in width to the prothorax, as wide as long, straight and parallel
at the sides, the basal angles rather broadly rounded, the punctures fine
and somewhat sparse ; prothorax a little wider than long, feebly obtrap-
ezoidal, the angles moderately rounded, the punctures not conspicu-
ous; elytra but little longer than wide, a fourth wider and one -half
longer than the prothorax, rather strongly punctured, shining, the sides
feebly diverging from base to apex. Length 2.9 mm.; width 0.53 mm.
California (southern), — Mr. Fall - mollis n. sp.

Body very slender, parallel, piceous -black, the prothorax, legs and antennae
dark testaceous, the elytra piceous -black, pale and subflavate in apical
third or fourth; head rather wider than the prothorax, not densely
punctate, shining, of the usual outline; prothorax rather small, incon-
spicuously punctured, feebly obtrapezoidal, the angles rather well
rounded, somewhat wider than long; elytra narrow and much elon-
gated, a fifth wider and three-fourths longer than the prothorax, rather
strongly and closely punctured but distinctly shining as in the preced-
ing. Length 2.6 mm.; width 0.45 mm. California (southern), — Mr.
Fall exilis n. sp.

13 — Parallel, moderately stout, black, the head piceous, the prothorax,
elytra, legs and antennae pale brown, the elytra still paler and more
flavate at the apical margin ; surface somewhat dull in lustre ; head
well developed, rather wider than long, equal in width to the protho-
rax, parallel and very feebly arcuate at the sides, with the angles rather
narrowly rounded, the punctures fine but strong and close-set; pro-
thorax a little wider than long, feebly obtrapezoidal with the sides
nearly straight and the angles moderately rounded, the surface punc-
tured like the head but still more densely; elytra not distinctly wider
than the prothorax and scarcely a third longer, the sides straight and
feebly diverging from the base, densely and subrugosely punctured;
abdomen but very slightly narrower than the elytra. Length 3.2 mm. ;
width 0.6 mm. California (Sisson), — Mr. Wickham.

brevipennis n. sp.

Parallel but somewhat less stout and less densely punctate, similar in colora-
tion, except that the prothorax and elytra are darker and more piceous;
lustre slightly shining; head narrower, rather longer than wide, slightly
narrower than the prothorax, parallel and nearly straight at the sides,
the basal angles rather more broadly rounded, the punctures coarse and
well separated; prothorax as in brevipennis but with the angles more
broadly rounded and the punctures smaller than those of the head and
only moderately close-set; elytra equal in width to the prothorax and
barely a fifth longer, quadrate, with the sides very feebly diverging
from the base ; abdomen equal in vsedth to the elytra. Length 3.4 mm. ;
width 0.57 mm. British Columbia (Yale), — Mr. Wickham.

qnadripennis n. sp.

The described species included in the table were originally
made known by the writer (Bull. Cal. Acad. Sci., II, 1886)
in an unsystematic manner and without adequate knowledge
of their mutual affinities. The systematic arrangement of the

Casey — A Eevision of the American Paederini. 187

species is a difficult matter and is rendered still less satisfac-
tory because of the complete lack of variety in the male
sexual characters; to such an extent is this true that the
statement of these characters under each species would be of
little or no value, for even in the otherwise isolated jjollens,
the only abdominal modification is the usual moderately deep,
broadly rounded sinus at the apex of the sixth segment, which
characterizes the entire genus. In my original description of
tantilla, the prothorax is said to be " scarcely perceptibly
wider than the head," but this is evidently a mistake, as the
head is obviously very slightly wider than the prothorax, — a
very exceptional character in the genus, although more frequent
among the minute slender forms. For the present I have
placed with the type of hrevipeniiis, a specimen taken by my-
self at Lake Tahoe, differing only in a few undecisive points,
such as the rather less abbreviated elytra, and another
specimen from Coeur d'Alene, Idaho, which is somewhat
more slender in form, less densely punctate and also with less
abbreviated elytra. It is more than possible that each of
these represents a species distinct from brevipennis, but the
material at hand is insufficient to warrant a description of
them, especially as all my representatives of this peculiar
group, comprising brevipennis and quadripennis, are females.
There is, however, little or no observable difference between
the male and female in external form in those species repre-
sented before me by both sexes.

Pseudoinedon Rey.

In the European Catalogue of Heyden, Eeitter and Weise,
this genus is attached as a subgenus to 3Iedon, with which it
has no close affinity whatever. It is more evidently allied to
Calodenna than to Medon, especially in the form and wide
separation of the gular sutures, general facies of the body
and small head, but differs from both in its edentate labrum,
very minute and dense sculpture and strongly dilated anterior
tarsi. The species are few in number but occur throughout
the United States, as well as the palaearctic regions, the

188 Trans. Acad. ScL of St. Louis.

American species before me being identifiable by the fol-
lowing characters : —

Addomen uniform in coloration and concolorous 2

Abdomen pale, with the tip black 6

2 — Body dark in color, the prothorax more or less distinctly norrower than

the elytra, the latter fully as long as wide or somewhat longer 3

Body pale red-brown in color throughout, the head a little darker, the pro-
thorax large, fully as wide as the elytra, the latter not as long as
wide 5

3 — Prothorax pale, dull rufous in color; body more slender, black, the legs

and antennae pale; dull in lustre throughout from the extremely minute,
close-set punctules; head as long as wide, about three-fourths as wide
as the prothorax, the sides behiad the well developed eyes parallel and
feebly arcuate, the basal angles broadly rounded; prothorax fully as
long as wide, parallel and feebly arcuate at the sides, the angles
broadly rounded; elytra about as long as wide, distinctly wider and
longer than the prothorax. Length 4.0 mm.; width 0.65 ram. North
Carolina (Asheville), New Jersey, New York and Rhode Island.

ruflcolle n. sp.

Prothorax dark and concolorous; anterior tarsi of the male very strongly

dilated 4

4 — Body parallel, black, dull in lustre, the prothorax never more than

faintly piceous, black in maturity; elytra moderate, quadrate, only very
slightly wider and about a fourth longer than the prothorax; head fully
four-fifths as wide as the prothorax, rather wider at base than at the
moderately developed eyes; prothorax relatively larger, but little wider
than long, parallel. Length 3.3 mm.; width 0.7 mm. Massachusetts.

thoracicum n. sp.

Body less parallel, the elytra relatively larger; black and dull throughout,
the legs dark piceous; head very small, three-fourths as wide as the
prothorax, nearly as in ruficolle; prothorax slightly wider than long,
parallel and feebly arcuate at the sides, the angles rounded ; elytra
quadrate, fully a fourth wider and two-fifths longer than the prothorax.
Length 3.75 mm.; width 0.75 mm. Nevada (Reno), California (Lake
Tahoe) and Oregon (Albany) capitnlnm Csy.

5 — Body, legs and antennae pale testaceous, the head piceous; dull in lustre
throughout, rather stout and parallel in form; head unusually large,
as wide as long, of the usual form, about four-fifths as wide as the pro-
thorax, the latter very large, just visibly wider than long, fully as wide
as the elytra, parallel, the sides feebly arcuate, the angles broadly
rounded; elytra depressed, a little shorter than wide, but very slightly
longer than the prothorax. Male not known but probably still stouter.
Length 8.2 mm.; width 0.65 mm. Rhode Island (Boston Neck).

claresceus n. sp.

6 — Moderately stout, parallel, alutaceous, the elytra dull; pale testaceous,
the head, elytra and last two ventral segments black; legs and antennae
pale, the latter unusually long, half as long as the body; head rather
well developed, five-sixths as wide as the prothorax, otherwise as in

Casey — A Revision of the American Paederini. 189

the preceding species; prothorax as long as wide, the sides feebly
arcuate, just visibly convergent from apex to base, the angles moder-
ately rounded; elytra relatively small, as long as wide, about equal in
width and length to the prothorax, the sides very slightly diverging
from the base. Length 2.8 mm.; width 0.6 mm. Alabama ,'Eufaula).

alabamae n. sp.

The sexual characters are simple, the male, as in Caloder-
ma, having a small rounded or more or less angulate sinus at
the tip of the sixth segment, becoming decidedly larger and
triangular in alabamae^ and the anterior tarsi are more
strongly dilated in that sex. Some of the Massachusetts
specimens, described as thoracicum in the table, were sent to
me by M. Salle, under the name ohsoletum Nord., and I have
also taken it myself at Taunton, Mass. It differs from the
true ohsoletu7n, as represented by some Dalmatian examples
sent me by Mr. Keitter, in its smaller size, relatively much
larger prothorax and smaller elytra and in the deeper sinus
of the sixth ventral of the male. The western capitulum re-
sembles ohsoletum much more closely in size and form, but
has a deeper male sinus and relatively larger prothorax. The
true ohsoletum does not therefore occur in America, and its
insertion in our catalogue is a result of careless and super-
ficial comparative study, as has been the case in many other
instances. Most of our faunistic catalogues are diminished
considerably in value from this cause.

Lena Csy.

Although evidently allied to Pseudomedon by the structure
of the labrum, gular sutures and hind tarsi, this genus de-
parts widely in general facies, sculpture, in antennal structure
and in its undilated anterior tarsi. The labrum is completely
devoid of any trace of teeth but has a well developed median
notch; the gular sutures are moderately separated at the
front of the under surface of the head but thence gradually
diverge widely to the base. The antennae are somewhat as
in Medonella, being very short, with the third joint shorter
and narrower than the second, the shaft gradually becoming
notably thicker or clavate toward tip. The posterior tarsi are

190 Trans. Acad. Sci. of St. Louis.

moderately long, very slender and filiform, with the first four
joints decreasing rapidly in length, the first almost as long as
the next two combined, the fourth short, very oblique, ex-
tending slightly under the base of the fifth which is barely
as long as the first and much more slender. The single
widely disseminated species is not rare under old leaves and
rubbish and may be defined as follows: —

Moderately stout, somewhat convex, parallel, pale flavo-testaceous through-
out, sometimes feebly picescent beneath and on the abdomen: surface
feebly alutaceous from a very minute reticulation, the elytra and
abdomen rattier more shining and sparsely punctate, the former some-
what coarsely and subrugulosely, the head and pronotum not finely but
extremely feebly and subobsoletely puuctate; head well developed,
somewhat wider than long, the sides parallel and nearly straight, the
angles right and rather narrowly rounded; eyes moderately large;
antennae short, about a fourth longer than the head in the female;
prothorax distinctly narrower than the head, slightly transverse, dis-
tinctly obtrapezoidal, the sides straight, the angles obtuwe and moder-
ately rounded; elytra large, quadrate, much larger than the head, a
fourth wider and one-third longer than the prothorax, parallel, the
sides nearly straight, the basal angles right, but slightly rounded and
rather widely exposed at base; aodomeu parallel with the sides feebly
arcuate, fully as wide as the elytra, the segments short, the fifth longer
as usual. Length 2.0 mm. ; width 0.45 mm. Texas (Austin, Houston
and Brownsville) and Florida (Enterprise) testacea Csy.

The specimens in my cabinet are females and I am there-
fore unable to describe the male, the secondary sexual charac-
ters of which are presumably very simple.

SCOPAEI.

The moderately numerous genera of this subtribe are com-
posed on the whole of the smallest and most delicate species
of the Paederini. They are especially developed in the
American continents and comparatively poorly represented in
the palaearctic regions. Some of the American genera are
notable because of the elaborate secondary sexual modifica-
tions of the male, which in several cases such as Scopae-
opsis, affect every segment of the abdomen. In many in-
stances these secondary sexual characters extend to the entire
form or relative sizes of the head, prothorax and elytra, as in

Casey — A Revision of the American Paederini. 191

LathroUuin. The genera known to me by actual examples
may be defined as follows : —

Neck moderately narrow, varying from a fourth to nearly a third as wide as

the head 2

Neck extremely slender 4

2 — Gular sutures parallel, broadly, feebly arcuate, moderately separated

throughout but most approximate at the middle; labrum broadly trun-
cate with the usual rounded median notch, bidentate or edentate; body
parallel, moderately convex, always pale in color, the anterior thoracic
angles distinct and subapical; tarsi moderately short, the posterior
slender with the two basal joints subequal. Rocky Mountain regions.

Leucorus
Gular sutures more or less widely separated, more arcuate and most ap-
proximate anteriorly, diverging thence gradually to the base; labrum
distinctly quadridentate ; hind tarsi short, moderately slender, with the
basal joint but little longer than the second; body black or blackish,
polished and more or less sparsely punctate 3

3 — Body thick and more convex, the legs thicker, the anterior tarsi di-

lated; thoracic angles broadly rounded and almost obliterated, the
prothorax oval; labrum truncate ; gular sutures distinct. Entire United

States except the true Pacific coast fauna Pycnorus

Body slender, moderately convex, the legs slender; anterior tarsi not dilated
though broader and thickened; prothorax oblong, the anterior angles
more or less distinct; labrum rounded; gular sutures very feeble,
sometimes nearly obliterated . Entire Pacific coast region Orus

4 — Posterior tarsi rather short, moderately thick, with the basal joint never

more than slightly longer than the second, the anterior very feebly
dilated; labrum rounded in outline, distinctly quadridentate, the teeth

simple ; body slender, parallel and moderately convex 5

Posterior tarsi long, very slender, with the basal joint always distinctly
longer than the second, the anterior not or very feebly dilated; body
subparallel, strongly convex, the prothorax oval with the anterior angles
obtuse or subobliterated and far from the apex 6

5 — Body minute in size, variable in color, more or less alutaceous because

of minute dense punctuation; prothorax suboblong, with the anterior
angles more or less distinct ; gular sutures moderately widely separated,
most approximate anteriorly, gradually diverging thence to the base.

Europe and America. [= Leptorus Csy .'\ Scopaens

Body larger, black, polished, the punctuation less fine and rather sparse;
prothorax oval, the anterior angles obliterated; gular sutures parallel,
nearly straight, rather approximate throughout the length of the head.
Entire northern United States Scopaeoiua

6 — Body very minutely punctulate and pubescent; labrum broadly rounded,

large, very coarsely quadridentate and deeply cleft at the middle, the
inner teeth each with an internal denticle at base, or, unequally bifid;
gular sutures virtually coalescentfrom a short distance behind the sup-
port of the mentum. Eastern United States Scopaeopsis

Body polished, subglabrous and subimpunctate, with sparse erect tactile
setae; labrum broadly rounded, with the usual small median emargi-

192 Trans. Acad. Set. of St. Louis.

nation, the inner teeth distinct, simple and aciculate, the outer very
minute or subobsolete; gular sutures very fine, rather widely separated,
feebly arcuate, most approximate slightly before the middle. Sonoran
recrions Scopaeodera

I have been unable to obtain specimens of the Mexican
Euscopaeiis Shp., or of the true Pohjodontus Sol., for compar-
ison. In the catalogue of Heyden, Reitter and Weise, the lat-
ter of these genera is made the receptacle for most of the Euro-
pean Scopaei, but I can find no structural difference between
the species so listed and those which are held to represent
the true Scopaeus. It is my recollection that Pohjodontus
Sol., is a genus differing distinctly from Scopaeus and inhab-
iting Chile, but I have no means of confirming this at present.

Leucorus n. gen.

The prothorax in this genus is more oblong and with more
apical and strongly defined anterior angles than in any other
type of American Scopaei, and, from all other genera except
Orus and Pycnorus, it is distinguishable at once by the wider
neck, which varies from nearly a fourth to almost a third as
wide as the head. From Pycnorus it departs widely in habi-
tus, owing to the distinct thoracic angles, and, from both
Orus and Pycnorus, it differs radically in the form of the
labrum and obsolete external labral teeth. The color of the
body is always pale ferruginous, differing conspicuously from
the uniform black or piceous of the genera mentioned, and
the few known species are confined as far as known to the
regions west of the Mississippi Eiver, excepting probably the
true Pacific coast fauna. The four species in my cabinet
may be defined as follows : —

Elytra much longer and wider than the prothorax 2

Elytra subequal in length to the prothorax and but little wider 3

2 Form ratber stout, moderately convex, parallel, pale rufo -testaceous

in color throughout the body, legs and antennae; lustre rather shining;
head well developed, minutely, not densely punctate, slightly elongate,
the eyes rather large but only feebly convex and not prominent, the sides
behind them very feebly converging and just visibly arcuate to the
broadly rounded basal angles, the truncate base obviously narrower than
the width across the eyes ; antennae evidently shorter than the head and

Casey — A Revision of the American Paederini. 193

prothorax, rather slender but distinctly incrassate distally, the basal
joint unusually elongate, nearly as long as the nest three which dimin-
ish gradually in length; prothorax four-flfths as wide as the head,
slightly longer than wide, the sides feebly converging from the obtuse
and slightly rounded angles at apical fifth to the less obtuse and slightly
rounded basal angles and straight, the punctures sparse and rather
feeble but much larger than those of the head; elytra slightly longer
than wide, distinctly wider than the head, a third wider and one-fourth
longer than the prothorax, the sides very feebly diverging from the base,
the punctures very fine and not close-set; abdomen but slightly nar-
rower than the elytra, but little wider posteriorly than at base; gular
sutures well separated, the intervening space with a small feeble
impressed fovea just behind the mental support, Male with a deep
elongate-oval excavation occupying median fourth of the fifth ventral,
and having sharply defined side margins, extending to basal third or
fourth, the excavation gradually narrowing and becoming obsolete near
the base; bottom of the excavation flat and polished; posterior margin
with a deep subquadrate notch, the sides of which are formed by obtuse
prolongations of the sides of the excavation; sixth segment having a
very deep and extremely narrow apical notch, acute at the bottom and
three or four times as deep as wide. Length 3.3 mm.; width 0.7 mm.
Arizona ferrugineus n. sp.

Form and coloration nearly similar to the preceding, the body narrower and
the head and prothorax relatively smaller; head notably longer than
wide, the eyes smaller than in ferrugineus but otherwise similar, the
antennae more strongly incrassate distally; prothorax distinctly elon-
gate, with the sides parallel, the anterior angles behind apical fifth and
rather broadly rounded; elytra a third wider and longer than the pro-
thorax, longer than wide; gular sutures well separated, the intermediate
surface simple but more strongly micro-reticulate. Length 3.0 mm.;
width 0.62 mm. Southern California lurWus n. sp.

Form and coloration similar in general to the two preceding but with the
prothorax relatively more developed and but just visibly narrower than
the head, parallel at the sides, with the anterior and basal angles well
rounded, the former at about apical fifth; sides of the head behind the
well developed eyes more rapidly converging and broadly arcuate, the
truncate base much narrower than the width across the eyes ; antennae
only very feebly incrassate; elytra but little longer than wide, slightly
wider than than the head, a fourth wider and one-fifth longer than the
prothorax. Length 3.4 mm.; width 0.65 mm. Colorado (Caiion
City;, — Mr. Wickham ochrinus n. sp.

3 — Body parallel, rather darker testaceous, the abdomen somewhat dusky;
lustre rather shining; head well developed, scarcely at all longer than
wide, fully as wide as the elytra, the sides behind the somewhat
smaller eyes parallel for a short distance, then broadly rounding to the
truncate base; prothorax small, much narrower that the head, slightly
elongate, the sides rather strongly converging from the well rounded
angles at apical fifth to the rounded basal angles and straight ; elytra
obviously wider than the prothorax but only just visibly longer; abdo-
men at base as wide as the elytra, becoming wider behind. Male having

194 Trans. Acad. Sci. of St. Louis.

the secondary sexual characters comparatively feeble but of the same
type as those of ferrugineus, the fifth ventral having a feeble, very
narrow longitudinal impression along the middle, gradually becoming
extinct before the middle of the length and not more than a tenth or
twelfth as wide as the segment, the posterior margin transversely trun-
cate, with a very minute feeble sinus at the posterior end of the impres-
sion; sixth segment having a very narrow deep and angular notch,
nearly three times as deep as wide. Length 2.9 mm.; width 0.68 mm.
Iowa rabens n. sp.

A female from Iowa, apparently belongs to the male
described as rubens above, but shows that the sexual differ-
ences in general form of the body are very marked, the head
being much smaller in the female and only just visibly wider
than the prothorax, and the abdomen is parallel or nearly so
and distinctly more slender. Luridus and ochrinus are at
present represented by the female alone, but the divergencies
of these species from ferrugineus, which is represented only
by the male, do not lie altogether in the direction of the
sexual differences as observed in riibens, and there seems to
be but little doubt of their validity.

Pycnorus n. gen.

The species of this genus are few in number, widely dis-
tributed over nearly the entire country, except perhaps the
northern Pacific coast, and may be distinguished from Orus
by their stouter form, shorter and stouter tarsi, the anterior
more strongly dilated as a rule, more widely separated and
stronger gular sutures, by the short and broadly truncate
labrum, and, finally and more particularly, by the obliterated
anterior thoracic angles. From Leucorus they are still more
readily distinguished by this last character, as well as by the
larger, truncate and bidenticulate to virtually edentate labrum
of that genus. The male sexual characters are distinctive of
the genus, as may be seen below under the description of the
type species. The three forms known to me may be thus
outlined: —

Form moderately stout, parallel, convex, shining, black throughout, the legs
piceous with the tarsi somewhat paler ; head minutely, not densely

Casey — A Revision of the American Paederini. 195

punctate, the pronotum and elytra more coarsely but sparsely so, the
abdomen very minutely, densely punctulate. Head moderate, rather
longer than wide, the sides parallel for about a length of the eye be-
hind the latter, then gradually rounded and converging to the sinuato-
truncate base, which is only about three-fourths of the width at the
somewhat well developed eyes; basal angles obtuse but only moderately
rounded; antennae a little shorter than the head and prothorax, mod-
erately thick, very feebly and gradually incrassate distally, the basal
joint but little longer than the next two combined; prothorax large,
oval, a third longer than wide, parallel and broadly arcuate at the sides,
the latter arcuately converging anteriorly to the neck, relatively larger
and almost as wide as the head in the male, distinctly narrower in the
female; elytra slightly wider than the head and a fifth wider than the
prothorax, slightly elongate, more obviously so in the female, equal in
length to the prothorax in the latter and slightly shorter in the male;
abdomen subequal in width to the elytra. Male having all the
abdominal segments sparsely clothed with longer stiff bristles at each
side of the broadly flattened median third, the bristles inclined in-
wardly, the second segment impressed in median third almost to the
base, the impression smooth and polished posteriorly and more thickly
bristling with stifE hairs elsewhere, its side margins rather tumid and
prominent at and behind the middle and having a dense tuft of hairs at
the middle anteriorly; third segment very feebly impressed basally;
fifth with a narrow and very feeble median sinus; sixth having a large
simple sinus at the middle of the apex, about three times as wide as
deep, the surface in the middle feebly, longitudinally and narrowly
impressed; femora all thick, the posterior broadly concave on the post-
erior face, the lower edge of the concavity feebly serrate — as is also
the inner edge of the hind tibiae — and having a large tooth near the tro-
chanter; anterior tarsi rather strongly dilated. Length 3.2 mm. ; width
0.65 mm. Massachusetts dentiger Lee.

Form slightly more slender than in dentiger but nearly similar in size, form
and sculpture; hind angles of the head less broadly rounded; prothorax
distinctly narrower than the elytra, the latter comparatively more elon-
gate than in dentiger; legs brown in color. Male characters substantially
similar, excepting that the emargination of the sixth ventral is a little
less broadly rounded, the inner sinuate margin of the hind femora
slightly more serrate and the hind tibiae not serrate internally. Cali-
fornia (Pomona) armiger Fall

Form stouter and less convex than in dentiger, not parallel, shining, black,
the legs and antennae piceous throughout; head dull in lustre, slightly
elongate, the sides parallel for a short distaece behind the eyes, then
broadly rounded into the base, the angles being much more broadly
rounded at base than in den^ig^er; antennae slender, feebly incrassate;
prothorax slightly though distinctly narrower than the head, parallel
and broadly arcuate laterally, elongate-oval, more coarsely punctured
than the elytra, the punctures sparse ; elytra large, but slightly longer
than wide, fully a fourth wider than the head, two-fifths wider than the
prothorax and distinctly longer than the latter, subparallel and feebly

196 Trans. Acad. Sci. of St. Louis.

arcuate at the sides; sutural region broadly impressed throughout;
abdomen parallel, obviously narrower than the elytra. Length 3.25
mm.; width 0.73 mm. Male unknown. Iowa iowanns n. sp.

There is a small, rounded and acutely pointed tubercle at
the middle of the gular intersutural surface, just behind the
oral cavity, which seems to be obsolete in the female of
dentiger, but it is present in the unique female type of iowa-
nu8. The latter species is very distinct from the others in
its much larger elytra and more broadly and evenly rounded
basal angles of the head. The characters of armiger are
taken from the original description of Mr. Fall.

Orus Csy.

The numerous species of this genus are of slender form
and more or less shining surface, due to the sparse and
coarser punctuation, they being distinguished from Scopaeus
by this character as well as the broader neck and other fea-
tures mentioned in the table. Gervicula constitutes a remark-
able exception in regard to one of the most important struc-
tural characters distinguishing the genus from Scojyaeus and
several other genera of the group, the neck being very slender
and precisely similar to that characterizing the genus men-
tioned. In all its other characters, however, it is a typical
Orus and cervicula cannot, therefore, be held to unite Orus
with /Scojyaeus. In geographical range Orus is confined to the
reo-ions bordering the Pacific Ocean, not penetrating east-
ward, as far as known, further than the crest of the Eocky
Mountain divide. The species are larger and stouter than
those of /8'co^:)aei^s, which — if we except a small aberrant form
recently named Leptorus longipejinis, by Mr. Fall, — does
not form a part of the true Pacific coast fauna. The species
known thus far may be defined as follows : —

Neck ol the usual width, nearly a third as wide as the head 2

Neck very slender as in Scopaeus 14

2 Prothorax elongate, never more than slightly shorter than the elytra. . 3

Prothorax invariably very much shorter than the elytra 5

3 Sides of the prothorax, from the obtusely rounded apical angles to the

base, distinctly converging and straight. Body very slender, black

Casey — A Revision of the American Paederini. 197

throughout, the legs and antennae brown, alutaceous because of very
minute reticulation, the elytra shining; head well developed, scarcely
longer than wide, parallel and broadly arcuate at the sides, the angles
broadly rounded, the base truncate ; surface very finely and closely punc-
tate throughout; antennae not as long as the head and prothorax, with
joints two to four decreasing slightly in length; prothorax much longer
than wide, distinctly narrower than the head, the obtuse rounded anterior
angles situated at apical fourth or fifth; surface more coarsely and un-
usually closely punctured throughout, the median line feebly elevated
toward base; elytra but little longer than wide and only about a fifth
longer than the prothorax, though fully two-fifths wider, parallel, finely
but strongly, asperately punctate ; abdomen parallel and elongate, wider
than the head ; gular sutures fine but evident,somewhat widely separated,
the intervening space more strongly and coarsely micro-reticulate than
the remainder of the surface. Male unknown. Length 3.5 mm.; width
0.5 mm. California (Lake Tahoe) longicollis n. sp.

Sides of the prothorax parallel or not distinctly converging, nearly straight,
the obtusely rounded apical angles more anterior, at about apical fifth
or sixth * *

4 — Larger species, parallel in form, dark rufo-piceous in color, except the
head and abdomen which are blackish; surface moderately shining, the
micro-reticulation of the anterior parts evident but feeble; head well
developed, slightly longer than wide, throughout nearly as in longicollis,
the antennae nearly as long as the head and prothorax, with joints two
and three equal in length, the fourth shorter; prothorax unusually large,
but little, though evidently, narrower than the head, a third longer than
wide, the punctures rather coarse and unusually close-set throughout
but not very deep; elytra but little longer than wide, parallel, very
finely and rather closely punctate, birely a fifth longer than the protho-
rax and nearly one-half wider; abdomen much narrower than the elytra
though obviously wider than the head; gular sutures nearly as in longi-
collis. Male unknown. Length 3.3 mm.; width 0.68 mm. California
(Napa and Sonoma Cos.) ■ parallelns Csy.

Smaller in size, shining, the micro-reticulation scarcely traceable, black in
color throughout, the legs and antennae piceous; head well developed,
scarcely visibly longer than wide, nearly as in the preceding species in
form, the minute but deep punctures rather less close-set; antennae
shorter than in parallelua, distinctly shorter than the head and pro-
thorax, with joints two to four gradually decreasing in length as usual ;
prothorax relatively smaller, much narrower than the head, the punc-
tures larger than those of the head as usual but fine, sparse and notably
feeble; elytra only just visibly longer than wide, with the sides very
feebly diverging from base to apex, about a fifth longer and two-fifths
wider than the prothorax, finely, not very densely punctate; abdomen
but little narrower than the elytra and much wider than the head; gular
sutures nearly as in the preceding. Male unknown. Length 3.0 mm. ;
width 0.6 mm. Idaho (Coeur d'Altine"), — Mr. Wickham.

boreellns n. sp.

5 —Prothorax subequal in width to the head, rather larger in size than in
pimctatus, nearly black in color and of rather robust form. Fifth ven-

198 Trans. Acad.. Sci. of St. Louis.

tral of the male feebly sinuato-truncate and very slightly impressed,
the sixth triangularly emarginate, the notch much less deep than in
punctatus and with its diverging sides not at all sinuate posteriorly, its
apical angle somev^hat less than right and but slightly rounded. Cali-
fornia (San Bernardino Mts.) montanas Fall

Prothorax always distinctly narrower than the head 6

6 — Head unusually developed, as wide as long or very nearly so — estimat-

ing from the line of supra-antennal tubercles 7

Head narrower, more or less distinctly longer than wide 8

7 — Color pale piceous-brown, the head and abdomen blackish; form rather

stout, the surface shining, the micro-reticulation subobsolete ; head
large, fully as wide as long, the eyes well developed, the sides behind
them parallel and straight, the basal angles broadly rounded, the
punctures minute but deep, moderately close- set; antennae moderate;
prothorax small, much narrower than the head and about equally long,
only a little longer than wide, the sides very feebly converging from the
obtuse but distinct apical angles to the base and broadly feebly arcuate,
the punctures coarse, sparse and rather strong; elytra parallel, about
a fifth longer than wide, two-fifths wider and nearly one-half longer
than the prothorax, wider than the head, finely and not densely punc-
tured; abdomen much narrower than the elytra and scarcely wider than
the head. Male sexual characters of the punctatus type, the notch of
the sixth ventral being similar, the fifth segment having a broad median
lobe which is evenly rounded throughout its contour and shorter than
in punctatus, the surface strongly, longitudinally impressed in about
apical half. Length 3.2 mm. ; width 0.6 mm. California (Sonoma Co.;.

sonomae n. sp.

Color uniform pale piceous-brown throughout, except the head and abdo-
men which are black; surface of the head and prouotum alutaceous, the
fine reticulation strong; head well developed, scarcely visibly elongate,
the eyes rather large, the sides behind them parallel and straight only
for a very short distance, then rounding into the very broadly rounded
basal angles, the punctures very minute and sparse; prothorax rela-
tively larger and more elongate than in sonomae, though distinctly
narrower than the head, about a fourth longer than wide, subparallel
and nearly straight at the sides, the obtuse though scarcely rounded
apical angles at about a fifth of the length from the apex, the punc-
tures moderately large but sparse and extremely feeble, almost com-
pletely obliterated; elytra distinctly elongate, parallel, two-fifths wider
and a little less than one-half longer than the prothorax, moderately
strongly, subasperately and not very densely punctate. Male unknown.
Length 2.9 mm. ; width 0.55 mm. Washington State (Spokane).

pngetauns n. sp.

Color deep black throughout, the legs piceous-black, the tarsi and antennae
paler, rufous; surface strongly shining, the reticulation obsolescent;
head large, very nearly as wide as long, the eyes only moderately large,
the sides behind them parallel for a rather long distance, the angles
somewhat broadly rounded; antennae rather short, gradually thicker
toward tip; punctures fine, very deep and close-set throughout; pro-
thorax somewhat distinctly narrower than the head, slightly longer

Casey — A Revision of the American Paederini. 199

than wide, parallel and just visibly arcuate at the sides, the apical
angles obtuse and one-fifth from the apex, the punctures rather coarse
but very sparse, distinct though not deep; elytra large, parallel, only a
fifth or sixth longer than wide, fully one-half wider and longer than the
prothorax, finely, sparsely and not asperately punctate and strongly
shining; abdomen much narrower than the elytra and very distinctly
wider than the head; gular sutures extremely feeble, unusually widely
separated and but slightly diverging toward base, the intervening space
feebly reticulate lilje the remainder of the surface. Male unknown.
Length 3.4 mm. ; width 0.65 mm. California (Lake Tahoe).

robnstnlns n. sp.

8— Body pale brownish-piceous in color throughout, the head and abdo -
men but slightly darker; surface highly polished and without trace of
minute reticulation on the pronotum; form narrow, the head notably
narrow and elongate, the eyes only moderate in size, the sides behind
them parallel for a long distance, the basal angles broadly rounded,
the punctures minute, rather close-set toward the sides and base;
prothorax parallel, nearly a fourth longer than wide, with all the
angles about equally rounded, obviously narrower than the head,
somewhat coarsely but feebly and sparsely punctate; elytra notably
elongate, parallel, one-half wider, and about two -fifths longer than the
prothorax, finely, feebly and not very densely punctate; gular sutures
very fine, rather widely separated, diverging also toward base as
usual, the intermediate surface apparently in slight relief and more
shining and less reticulate than the remainder. Male secondary
characters nearly as in punctatus, the truncate lobe of the fifth segment
still larger. Length 2.75 mm. ; width 0.5 mm. California (Humboldt
to Sonoma Co . ) pallidas n. sp.

Body black or piceous-black In color 9

9 — Elytra gradually paler posteriorly 10

Elytra uniformly colored, either black or piceous, concolorous 11

10 — Form nearly as in punctatus, the prothorax relatively shorter and the

elytra longer, black in color, the legs blackish with the tarsi paler, the
elytra gradually and very nubilously rufescent toward tip; surface
shining, the reticulation subobsolete on the pronotum; head of the
usual form, the eyes well developed, the punctures fine but unusually
strong; antennae moderate, with joints two to four decreasing rapidly
in length; prothorax unusually small, sparsely and very feebly though
more coarsely punctate, only slightly longer than wide, parallel and
straight at the sides, distinctly narrower than the head, the obtuse
anterior angles at apical fourth or fifth; elytra unusually elongate,
parallel, one- half wider and three-fifths longer than the prothorax;
gular sutures moderately separated, very fine, the intermediate surface
apparently somewhat concave, more shining and less reticulate than
the remainder of the under surface. Male unknown. Length 3.0 mm.;

width 0.63 mm. Arizona (Pinal Mts.) pinalinns n. sp.

Form rather shorter, black, the legs piceous-black, the tibiae and tarsi
gradually paler, brown, the elytra gradually very nubilously piceous
toward tip, especially toward the suture; surface polished with the
reticulation obsolete ; head as in the preceding species, slightly elon-

200 Trans. Acad. Sci. of St. Louis.

gate, parallel for a long distance behind the eyes to the broadly
rounded angles; prothorax distinctly longer than wide, obviously nar-
rower than the head, subparallel and nearly straight at the sides,
rather coarsely,' sparsely and only moderately strongly punctate;
elytra unusually short, but little longer than wide, the sides very
feebly diverging from the base, becoming slightly arcuate posteriorly,
about one-half wider than the prothorax but only about a third longer,
finely, feebly and rather sparsely punctate; gular sutures moderately
separated but obliterated, the intermediate surface not differing
materially from the remainder. Male unknown. Length 2.9 mm.;
width 0.55 mm. California (Humboldt Co.) deceptor n. sp.

11 — Male with the posterior margin of the fifth ventral segment lobed in

the middle ^2

Male with the posterior margin of the fifth segment not distinctly lobed.. 13

12 — Body rather slender, deep polished black throughout, the legs blackish

with the tibiae and tarsi gradually paler; reticulation obsolete; head
distinctly elongate, with broadly rounded sides basally, the base trun-
cate, the punctures minute but perforate as usual, rather sparse; pro-
thorax very distinctly narrower than the head and obviously longer than
wide, more coarsely but sparsely and more or less strongly punctate,
parallel and nearly straight at the sides, the apical angles broadly
rounded and more than a fifth from the apex ; elytra distinctly elongate,
parallel, large, about three-fifths wider and longer than the prothorax;
gular sutures rather less widely separated than usual and almost com-
pletely obliterated. Male with the fifth segment strongly lobed at the
middle, the lobe much wider than long, about a fourth as wide as the seg-
ment and broadly, transversely truncate at apex, the adjoining surface
ovally and somewhat feebly impressed in apical half, the sixth segment
with a large angulate notch, somewhat deeper than wide and narrowly
rounded anteriorly, with Its diverging sides feebly sinuate posteriorly,
the surface of the segment narrowly and feebly impressed around and
in front of the angle. Length 2.8-3.0 mm.; width 0.5-0.6 mm. Cali-
fornia (Truckee, Sonoma and Monterey), Nevada (Reno), Oregon (Albany,
Newport and the Dalles) and at various localities in Washington State.

pnnctatns Csy.
Body nearly as in punctatus but more slender and very much smaller, deep
polished black throughout, the entire legs and antennae more or less
pale brown; head nearly as in punctatus but not quite so elongate, the
prothorax relatively still narrower and more elongate, as long as the
head but much narrower, the sides parallel and straight, the punctures
sparse and feeble ; elytra relatively narrower and more elongate, paral-
lel, about two-fifths wider and longer than the prothorax, shining and
finely, rather sparsely punctate. Male with the secondary characters
nearly as in punctatus, the lobe of the fifth segment smaller, though
equally strong, and not more than a fifth as wide as the segment, more
rounded and less truncate at apex, the surface more strongly and cylin-
drically impressed almost to the base of the segment; notch of the sixth
segment almost similar but with its anterior angle rather less narrowly
rounded. Length 2.6 mm.; width 0.4 mm. California (Mokelumne
Hill, Calaveras Co.) , — Dr. Blaisdell Alius n. sp.

Casey — A Revision of the American Paederini. 201

Body moderately slender, deep and shining black throughout, the femora and
tibiae blackish, the tarsi and antennae paler, brown; reticulation sub-
obsolete; head as usual, the eyes very well developed; prothorax dis-
tinctly longer than wide, much narrower than the head, the sides sub-
parallel and nearly straight, sparsely punctulate, the anterior angles
about a fifth from the apex and broadly rounded ; elytra notably elongate,
one-half wider and longer than the prothorax; gular sutures obliterated,
rather widely separated, the intermediate surface polished and smooth,
the feeble reticulation of the remainder of the surface being obsolete.
Male secondary characters of the sixth segment nearly as in punctatus,
the hind margin of the fifth having a very short, broadly and evenly
rounded lobe in median fifth or sixth, the surface not impressed but
having a feeble rounded tumor on the median line at apical third. Length
2.7 mm.; width 0.53 mm. California (Sta. Cruz and San Mateo Cos.).

distinctas n. sp.

13 — Notch of the sixth segment large, deep and angulate as in punctatus,
the segment also feebly impressed in front of the emargination as in
that species; fifth segment broadly, feebly sinuato-truncate and feebly
impressed. Body slender, black or piceous-black in color, shining;
head of the usual form, parallel, the antennae gradually and distinctly
thickened toward tip; prothorax much narrower than the head^ dis-
tinctly elongate, parallel, the anterior angles broadly rounded and at
apical fourth or fifth, the punctures sparse and feeble; elytra parallel,
distinctly elongated, two-fifths wider but only about a third longer than
the prothorax; gular sutures fine but evident, moderately separated,
the intermediate surface plane and not differing in sculpture. Length
2.75mm.; width 0.5 mm. California (Pomona and San Bernardino).

fraternns Fall

Notch of the sixth segment in the form of a broadly rounded simple sinus,
wider than deep. Body piceous-black, the abdomen black, the legs
brown throughout, shining, the head and pronotum finely but distinctly re-
ticulate, the punctures sparse and almost completely obsolete, those of
the elytra fine and sparse; head but slightly elongate, the antennae more
slender than in fraternus and scarcely visibly incrassate distally; pro-
thorax but little longer than wide, much narrower than the head, par-
allel, the anterior angles broadly rounded and at apical fourth or fifth ;
elytra distinctly longer than wide, parallel, one-half longer and wider
than the prothorax; gular sutures well separated but almost wholly
obliterated, the intermediate surface but little smoother than the
remainder and becoming broadly concave toward base. Male with the
fifth segment broadly, feebly impressed along the middle throughout
the length, the apical margin transversely truncate, with a narrow and
very feeble arcuation at the middle but scarcely lobed; sixth segment
with a broad rounded sinus between two and three times as wide as
deep, the surface adjoining anteriorly with a triangular impression
having abruptly defined side margins. Length 2.7 mm.; width 0.5 mm.
California (Siskiyou Co.) shastaans n. sp.

14 — Bather slender, deep polished black throughout, the reticulation of the
head and pronotum wholly wanting, the legs and antennae pale brown,
the femora dusky; head scarcely at all longer than wide, of the usual

202 Trans. Acad. Sci. of St. Louis.

form and sculpture, the antennae slender and only just visibly incras-
sate distally ; prothorax obviously narrower than the head and distinctly
longer than wide, the nearly straight sides just perceptibly converging
from the broadly and obtusely rounded anterior angles — at apical
fourth or fifth — to the base; elytra convex, polished, finely, sparsely
punctured, only very slightly longer than wide, not quite one-half
wider and only about a fourth longer than the prothorax; gular sutures
subobliterated. Male with the fifth segment wholly unimpressed, the
apex broadly, feebly sinuato-truncate ; sixth segment with a rounded
sinus between two and three times as wide as deep, the adjoining
surface feebly impressed in the middle, the impression gradually
evanescent anteriorly. Length 3.0 mm.; width 0.5 mm. California
(Dunsmuir), — Mr. Wickham cervicnla a. sp.

Fifth segment of the male lobed in the middle at apex and longitudinally
impressed, the impression longitudinally divided at base by a short
median raised line and becoming posteriorly a spoon-shaped depression,
limited at the sides by acutely elevated folds; sixth ventral with a deep
oblong-elliptical emargination, which is widest at the middle of its
depth, the surface in front of the emargination with a triangular impres-
sion having abruptly limited side margins; hind femora stouter than
usual and fully as broad as the anterior. California (Marin Co.) .

femoratns Fall

I am obliged to place femoratus at the end of the table, as
no characters are given under the original description enabling
me to coordinate it with the other species. Its sexual charac-
ters are so distinct that there will be no trouble in identify-
ino- the male if found. liobusfuhis closely resembles pimctatus
but is larger and stouter and has the legs notably stouter. A
specimen from Truckee, before me, may possibly represent
the montanus, of Fall, but it seems to be rather smaller, being
2.8 by 0.55 mm. in size, the prothorax obviously narrower
than the head, although less so than in most of the species,
and the triangular notch of the sixth segment is wider than
deep, with its anterior angle well rounded, the transversely
rounded part being about a fourth as wide as the entire notch.
Pallidus has male sexual characters greatly resembhng those
of punctatus, but the less abruptly truncate lobe of the sixth
seo^ment is relatively still larger, being nearly a third as wide
as the segment and the gular sutures are more widely sepa-
rated; these characters, in conjunction with the smaller size
and different coloration, will readily distinguish the two

Casey — A Revision of the American Paederini. 203

species, which are both represented by good series. In the
type specimen of punctatus there is a small and feeble
tumidity on the surface between the gular sutures just behind
the support of the mentum, which is probably homologous
with the subspiniform process, in the same position, generally
characterizing Pycnorus; it seems to be an inconstant charac-
ter in Pycnorus and is extremely rare in Orus and probably
of sporadic or accidental occurrence, as I have only noticed it
in this single specimen out of many examined.

Scopaeus Er.

Renewed comparisons of the European and American
species — the latter separated by the writer under the name
Leptorus, — impels him to reverse his former opinion and to
unite these with Scopaeus. The genus Scopaeus will thus
include all the European Scopaei and the equally numerous
American species, as described in the table given below, as
well as a number of Mexican and Central American species
made known by Dr. Sharp; possibly also many forms inhabit-
ing other parts of the world. Thus extended in geographical
distribution, as well as numbers, some variability in generic
characters might be anticipated but this seems to be com-
paratively unimportant. The European species are more
linear and parallel, with less apical anterior thoracic angles,
as a rule, than the American and with the suture separating
the pronotal hypomera better developed; in addition the
basal joint of the hind tarsi is generally more decidedly longer
than the second. In the American species the basal joint is
usually subequal to the second, but in ^;/a^9es it is notably
longer than the second as in the European forms, and, in at
least one European species before me, the two basal joints
are equal. The sculpture of the European species is generally
coarser and less dense than that of the American, but I can
find no character of sufficient importance or constancy to
warrant generic separation. The large spongy-pubescent
fovea immediately above each eye is present throughout but
rather more developed in the European species. It is singular

204 Trans. Acad. Sci. of St. Louis.

that representatives of so widely distributed a genus should
be wantino^ in the true Pacific coast fauna! region of the
United States, if we except the extreme southern part of
California, and this is rather conclusive evidence that the
genus migrated from America to Europe, or the reverse, by
way of Greenland, rather than by the usual Alaskan route and
probably indicates a European rather than American origin.
The species inhabiting our territory, known to me thus far,
may be distinguished by the following outline descriptions : —

Elytra subequal to or longer than the prothorax 2

Elytra more or less distinctly shorter than the prothorax 18

2 — Male with a subparallel-sided, narrow notch at the apex of the sixth

ventral segment, the bottom of the notch broadly and transversely

rounded 3

Male withabrxad emargination occupying virtually the entire apex of the
sixth segment, the notch having the form of an incised cusp, the widely
diverging sides of the emargination being broadly arcuate i

3 — Form parallel, the lustre feebly shining, pale brownish-testaceous

throughout, except the elytra, which are dusky and the abdomen
blackish-piceous; head moderate, convex, slightly longer than wide,
the sides parallel and straight behind the well developed convex eyes;
base broadly sinuato-truncate, the angles rather narrowly rounded;
occiput not impressed, the punctures minute but deep, dense; prothorax
distinctly though not very greatly narrower than the head, about a fifth
longer than wide, the anterior angles obtuse but very evident and at
apical fourth, the sides thence very feebly converging and almost
straight to the moderately rounded basal angles; surface more shining
than the head, the very minute punctures feebler and less close-set,
feebly bi-impressed at the basal margin; elytra nearly a fifth longer than
wide, parallel, two-fifths wider and about a third longer than the pro-
thorax, very minutely, closely, subasperately punctate; gular sutures
well separated. Male with a small subparallel-sided notch somewhat
deeper than wide at the apex of the sixth ventral, the bottom of the
notch broadly rounded with the edge beveled or concave. Length
2.6 mm.; width 0.45 mm. Texas (El Paso) and New Mexico, — Mr.

Wickham texanns Csy.

Form less parallel, the elytra relatively much wider, similar in coloration,
the lustre alutaceousj'the minute sculpture rather denser; head well
developed, but little longer than wide, larger than in texa?ms but other-
wise nearly similar; prothorax relatively smaller and narrower, much
narrower than the head, fully a fifth longer than wide, similar to that
of texanus, except that the basal angles are more broadly rounded and
the two basal impressions more approximate ; elytra subquadrate,
parallel, only just visibly longer than wide, one-half wider than the
prothorax but only about a fourth longer; gular sutures more approxi-
mate, the punctures of the under surface of the head denser and more

Casey — A Revision of the American Paederini. 205

asperate. Male having a notch at the apex of the sixth ventral
similar to that of texaniis but much less deep, rather wider than deep.
Length 2.8 ram. ; width 0.5 mm. Arizona (Yuma), — Mr. Wickham.

gileusis n. sp.

4_0cciput finely cleft at the middle of the base; anterior angles of the

prothorax sometimes more rounded and less apical than usual; gular

sutures narrowly separated 5

Occiput not modified at base or, rarely, slightly and broadly impressed at

the middle ; gular sutures more or less widely separated 6

5 — Body stout and parallel, very densely punctulate and dull in lustre,
dark piceous- brown in color, the head rather darker, the legs and an-
tennae very pale; head large, scarcely at all longer than wide, of the
usual form otherwise, the eyes well developed and convex; antennae as
long as the head and prothorax combined; prothorax slightly longer
than wide, very much narrower than the head, parallel and nearly
straight at the sides, the anterior angles obtuse but only very slightly
rounded and somewhat behind apical fourth; elytra parallel, about a
fifth longer than wide, scarcely two-fifths wider than the prothorax
and one-third longer; gular sutures very approximate, the intermediate
surface concave anteriorly, the under surface of the head flat, finely
but strongly, extremely densely punctulate. Occipital cleft very fine.
Male unknown. Length 2.4 mm.; width 0.5 mm. Alabama.

crassalas n. sp.
Body parallel but less stout and rather more convex, dark piceous-browa
in color, the head and abdomen blackish, the legs and antennae pale
throughout; head extremely densely punctured and dull, the pronotum
and elytra less densely so and feebly shining; head nearly as in the
preceding species, the eyes rather less developed and the antennae
decidedly shorter, thicker and more incrassate distally, much shorter
than the head and prothorax combined; prothorax narrower and more
elongate, nearly a third longer than wide, much narrower than the
head, the sides distinctly converging and feebly arcuate from the very
obtuse and rather broadly rounded anterior angles — situated nearly at
apical third — to the broadly rounded basal angles, the disk broadly
impressed at each side of the median line toward base; elytra evidently
longer than wide, about a third wider and one- fifth longer than the
prothorax; gular sutures slightly less approximate, the intervening
surface nearly flat. Occipital cleft rather coarse, deep and distinct.
Male unknown. Length 2.7 mm.; width 0.45 mm. North Carolina

(Asheville) carolinae n . sp.

6 — Eyes but slightly convex, not distinctly prominent and unusually small.
Body very small, slender and parallel, rather shining, the punctures
throughout very minute and sparse, the pronotum less shining because
of stronger micro-reticulation; color pale flavo -testaceous throughout,
the abdomen slightly dusky excepting toward apex; head narrow,
unusually elongate, the sides parallel, gradually becoming arcuate
basally, the base narrower than the disk, the angles obtuse but only
slightly rounded; prothorax distinctly elongate, nearly as long as the
head and only slightly narrower, the sides very feebly converging from
the obtusely rounded anterior angles at apical fifth or sixth to the

206 Trans. Acad. Sci. of St. Louis.

rather broadly rounded basal angles and nearly straight; elytra small,
only slightly longer than wide, but little wider than the head, about a
fourth wider than the prothorax but only just visibly longer; pronotal
bypomera very narrow and feebly developed. Male unknown. Length

1.9 mm. ; width 0.32 mm. Texas (Austin) longiceps Csy.

Eyes always convex and more or less conspicuously prominent 7

7 — Elytra much longer than the prothorax 8

Elytra but slightly longer than the prothorax 13

8 — Punctures of the under surface of the head rather coarse. Body very

slender, piceous, the head and prothorax dark rufous, the legs and
antennae paler; surface rather more shining than usual; sides of the
prothorax slightly converging from the anterior angles; elytra fully
one-third longer than the prothorax. Length 2.2 mm. California

(Pomona) longipennis Fall

Punctures of the head above and beneath very fine as usual 9

9 — Legs piceous in color, the tarsi paler. Body subparallel, the elytra

much wider than the head, black or blaeklsh throughout, the antennae
dusky; integuments strongly alutaceous; head moderately developed,
of the usual form, the basal angles well rounded; prothorax distinctly
longer than wide and narrower than the head, subparallel at the sides,
the anterior angles rather broadly rounded and at apical fourth ; elytra
obviously longer than wide, parallel, two-fifths wider and fully a fourth
longer than the prothorax, parallel and nearly straight at the sides, the
suture frequently finely rufous; gular sutures only moderately sepa-
rated. Length 2.3 mm. ; width 0.45 mm. Sea-beaches of New Jersey,

Florida (Biscayne Bay) to Texas (Galveston) picipes Csy.

Legs invariably very pale in color throughout 10

10 — Body in great part piceous or blackish in color 11

Body pale testaceous, the abdomen sometimes dusky 12

11 — Body larger and subparallel, the elytra much wider than the head, the

elytra and abdomen throughout black or blackish, the head and protho-
rax very dusky and dark rufo- testaceous, the elytral suture generally
somewhat rufescent; lustre feebly shining; head well developed,
somewhat distinctly longer than wide, the basal angles well rounded,
the eyes prominent and conspicuous; antennae rather slender, much
shorter than the head and prothorax combined; prothorax evidently
elongate and narrower than the head, the sides subparallel and nearly
straight, the anterior angles obtuse and slightly rounded and at apical
fourth; elytra distinctly longer than wide, two- fifths wider and about a
fourth longer than the prothorax ; gular sutures moderately separated.
Notch of the sixth male ventral notably deep. Length 2.6 mm. ; width
0.45 mm. Arizona (Tu9Son) and Texas (Austin and Waco).

arizonae n. sp.
Body parallel, the elytra being only slightly wider than the head, feebly
shining, piceous-black throughout, except the prothorax, which is
somewhat dusky rufo-testaceous, and the outer apical angles of the
elytra, which are nubilously pale; head rather large, not longer than
wide, of the usual parallel form and with somewhat narrowly rounded
basal angles, the antennae, as usual, much shorter than the head and
prothorax; eyes prominent but only moderate in size; prothorox only

Casey — A Revision of the American Paederini. 207

very slightly longer than wide and but little narrower than the head,
parallel and straight at the sides from the obtuse and slightly rounded
angles at apical fifth to the rather broadly rounded basal angles, the
longitudinal impression at each side of the median line in basal third
distinct; elytra somewhat longer than wide, about a third wider and
one-fourth longer than the prothorax; gular sutures rather widely
separated, the under surface of the head broadly and feebly convex,
shining, finely, rather sparsely punctulate. Male secondary characters as
\n arizonae. Length 2.4 mm.; width 0.4 mm. Iowa to Lake Superior.

uotangalus n. sp.

12 — Form slender and parallel, the elytra being but little wider than the head ;

abdomen piceous, gradually paler at tip; surface noticeably shining, the
minute punctules only moderately close-set throughout; head well
developed, as wide as long, parallel or subparallel at the sides, the eyes
moderately large, convex and prominent, the base distinctly sinuato-
truncate, the angles moderately rounded; antennae rather short; pro-
thorax but little longer than wide, obviously although not greatly
narrower than the head, the sides distinctly converging and straight
from the obtuse but scarcely at all rounded angles near apical fifth, to
the feebly rounded basal angles, the median line slightly and obtusely
elevated very near the base; elytra relatively small, slightly longer
than wide, not quite a fourth wider and about one-fifth longer than the
prothorax, the sides just visibly diverging from the basal angles;
gular sutures widely separated, the under surface of the head sparsely
punctulate and shining though feebly reticulate. Broadly angulate
notch of the sixth male ventral much shallower than in the preceding
species but of the same form. Length 2.1-2.4 mm.; width 0.3-0.35

mm. Texas (Austin) . [= fiicoior Csy.] versicolor Csy.

Form less slender and not parallel, the elytra much wider than the head,
pale dusky-testaceous throughout, the prothorax rather brighter rufous •
surface somewhat strongly shining; head well developed, as wide as
long, the eyes rather large, prominent; antennae slender, but little
shorter than the head and prothorax, pale in color; prothorax relatively
small, notably elongate, much narrower than the head, the sides very
slightly converging and not quite straight from the obtuse and rather
broadly rounded angles near apical fourth, to the less obtuse but
rounded basal angles, the median line prominent only very near the
base; elytra unusually developed, a fourth longer than wide, about
two-fifths wider and a third longer than the prothorax; gular sutures
moderately separated, rather deeper than usual, the under surface of
the head rather closely and strongly punctulate. Male unknown. Length
2.3 mm. ; width 0.45 mm. New York (Hudson Valley) .

hndsonicns n. sp.

13 — Species of the Atlantic coast regions 14

Species of the Sonoran region 17

14 — Head but little longer than wide, body only moderately slender 15

Head elongate ; body extremely slender 16

15 — Body parallel, alutaceous in lustre, the abdomen black or blackish

feebly paler toward tip, the head and elytra blackish-piceous, the pro-
thorax dusky testaceous, the legs and antennae pale throughout; head

208 Trans. Acad. Sci. of St. Louis.

of the usual fornij very minutely, densely punctulate and rather
strongly, more sparsely so beneath; antennae obviously shorter than
the head and prothorax, the latter slightly longer than wide and usually
but little narrower than the head, the sides subparallel or very feebly
convergent from the obtuse and slightly rounded angles at apical fourth
or fifth, the punctures less dense than those of the head; elytra not or
but very slightly longer than wide, much wider than the head, parallel,
about a fourth wider but only just visibly longer than the prothorax;
gular sutures well separated. Length 2.4 mm.; width 0.4 mm. Rhode
Island and New York (Hudson "Valley; - exiguus Er.

Body resembling exiguus in coloration but smaller and rather more slender,
alutaceous as usual, the punctures of the under surface of the head
smaller and feebler; head, antennae and prothorax nearly similar, the
elytra however relatively much narrower and only just visibly wider
than the head, parallel, quite distinctly longer than wide, scarcely
more than a sixth wider and but slightly longer than the prothorax,
sculptured as usual. Length 2.3 mm.; width 0.35 mm. North Caro-
lina (Asheville) macilentas n. sp.

Body somewhat resembling the two preceding in form and sculpture but
with the prothorax relatively narrower and more elongate; color pale
flavo-testaceous throughout, the head but slightly, and the abdomen
not at all, darker; head well developed, of the usual form; prothorax
much narrower than the head and more shining, fully a fifth longer
than wide, the sides behind the obtuse and rather broadly rounded
angles at about apical fifth subparallel; elytra parallel, only very slightly
longer than wide, but slightly though obviously wider than the head,
fully a third wider but only just visibly longer than the prothorax.
Male unknown. Length 2.3 mm.; width 0.38 mm. New York (Hud-
son Valley) degener n. sp.

16 — Coloration as in exiguus; form parallel, the lustre alutaceous, the
pronotum more shining as usual ; head distinctly elongate, the eyes
larger than usual and situated at obviously less than twice their own
length from the base; prothorax much narrower than the head and
distinctly elongate, the sides very feebly converging behind the obtusely
rounded angles at apical fifth and nearly straight; elytra obviously
though not greatly wider than the head, nearly a fifth longer than wide,
parallel, about a fourth wider and slightly longer than the prothorax;
gular sutures well separated as in the three preceding species. Male
unknown. Length 1.8 mm.; width 0.3 mm. North Carolina (Asheville).

angnstissimns n. sp.

17 — Slender, parallel, rufo -testaceous, the elytra and abdomen fuscous,
the former with the suture narrowly and indefinitely paler; antennae
and legs pale; lustre alutaceous, the pronotum more shining; head
slightly longer than wide, of the usual form, densely punctulate; pro-
thorax narrower than the head, a little longer than wide, with the sides
behind the strongly obtuse and rounded subapical angles parallel;
eljtra about a fourth longer than wide, distinctly wider and slightly
longer than the prothorax, sculptured as usual. Sixth ventral in the
male rather deeply, triangularly emarginate, the emargination as wide

Casey — A Revision of the American Paederini. 209

as deep and scarcely rounded at the bottom. Length 1.9-2.4 mm. Cali-
fornia (Palm Springs — on the western border of the Colorado Desert) .

californicas Fall

18 — Elytra only slightly shorter than the prothorax. Body slender,

parallel, small in size, colored as in exiguus and similarly sculptured,
the punctures of the rather convex under surface of the head less
evident; head well developed, distinctly elongate, parallel at the sides,
the convex eyes at twice their length from the base; antennae shorter
than the head aud prothorax, rather stout and only very feebly and
gradually incrassate distally; prothorax much longer than wide, only
just visibly narrower than the head, the sides subparallel behind the
obtuse and slightly rounded angles at apical fifth; elytra scarcely
visibly wider than the head, parallel, slightly elongate, distinctly wider
and only very slightly shorter than the prothorax; gular sutures well
separated. Length 2.0 mm.; width 0.32 mm. New York, Virginia

(Fort Monroe) and Mississippi (Vicksburg) delicatns n. sp.

Elytra very much shorter than the prothorax 19

19 — Body extremely slender, pale ochreo-testaceous in color throughout;

parallel in form, the lustre rather shining and only moderately aluta-
ceous; abdomen faintly dusky except toward tip; head large, but little
longer than wide, rather wider near the base than across the eyes, which
are convex and at about twice their length from the base as usual; an-
tennae rather thick, much shorter than the head and prothorax, dis-
tinctly incrassate distally; prothorax evidently elongate, much narrower
than the head, the sides feebly convergent behind the obtuse and some-
what rounded angles, the latter near apical fourth; elytra very small,
much narrower than the head, barely as long as wide, scarcely visibly
wider than the prothorax and only about three-fourths as long, the
sides feebly diverging from the basal angles; abdomen subequal in
width to the elytra; gular sutures well separated. Notch of the sixth
ventral in the male of the usual form though less deep than in exiguus.
Length 2.4 mm.; width 0.38 mm. Iowa (Iowa City), — Mr. Wickham.

brachypterus n. sp.

Body notably stout, parallel, strongly alutaceous, the pronotum more

shining 20

20 — Color dark piceous, the abdomen blackish, the prothorax, legs and

antennae dusky-testaceous; head large, not longer than wide, parallel,
the eyes moderate and at fully twice their length from the base;
antennae well developed, subequal in length to the head and prothorax,
distinctly incrassate distally; prothorax stout and but little longer than
wide though obviously narrower than the head, the sides feebly con-
verging and somewhat arcuate behind the obtusely rounded angles at
apical fourth ; elytra about as long as wide, not quite as wide as the
head, very slightly wider than the prothorax and about four-fifths as
long; gular sutures well separated. Notch of the sixth ventral of the
male normal in form. Length 2.6 mm.; width 0.48 mm. Alabama.

saginellns n. sp.

Color and general form nearly as in saginellus, the anterior parts and legs

paler, the pronotum pale testaceous; head large, not longer than wide,

the eyes well developed and at barely twice their own length from the

210 Trans. Acad. Set. of St. Louis.

base; antennae very much shorter than the head and prothorax, slender
and not distinctly incrassate distally; prothorax nearly as in saginellus
but only very slightly narrower than the head, the anterior angles at
apical fifth; elytra smaller, barely as long as wide, slightly narrower
than the head, equal in width to the prothorax and barely three -fourths
as long, the sides just visibly diverging from the base. Length 2.5 mm . ;
width 0.45 mm. Texas (Houston) .... qnadripennis n. sp .

A number of female types are included in the above table ,
but, as the parallel-sided notch of the sixth male ventral is a
vfery exceptional character, all but texanus and gilensis are
assumed to have the broad notch in the form of an acute in-
cised cusp with broadly diverging and arcuate sides. In all
the males having the latter type of emargination, which I
have been able to examine, the form is very constant, varying
only in degree, so that it is seldom mentioned in the descrip-
tions, even when the male is at hand, and I have assumed that
the triangular emargination of calif ornicus, mentioned by
Fall, is really of the same character, though in this case the
notch appears to be somewhat deeper than usual. Arizonae
seems to differ from californicus Fall, in its larger size
and relatively less slender and parallel outline. N'otangulus
is closely allied to exiguus but is distinguished by the notably
more elongate elytra, when compared with the prothorax.
Degener is represented by a single specimen of a very unusual
pale and uniform coloration, but exhibiting scarcely any
other evidence of immaturity; it is distinguishable from
exiguus, however, by its narrower and relatively more elongate
prothorax. The last three species of the table are of re-
markably aberrant form, owing to their very short elytra,
but the male sexual characters are of the usual type.
Saginellus and quadripennis are each represented by a single
male, the species differing principally in the antennae, rela-
tive size of the elytra and prothorax, and, somewhat, in the
eyes and relative form and degree of separation of the gular
sutures. Both longipennis and californicus are unknown to
me, and the above outlines are derived from the orio-inal
diagnosis as published by Mr. Fall (Occas. Papers, Cal.
Acad. Sci., viii).

Casey — A Revision of the American Paederini. 211

Scopaeoma n. gen.

In a certain sense this genus and the two following form a
group differing greatly from the broad-necked genera in some
peculiarities of sculpture. In Onis and related genera, the
punctures of the pronotum are very much larger as well as
sparser than those of the head, while in Scopaeorna, /Scopae-
opsis and Scopaeodera, the thoracic punctures are, when pres-
ent at all, equal to or smaller and sparser than those of the
head; but in the first alone are they distinctly visible. In the
second all the punctures become so minute as to be nearly in-
visible and entirely filled by the bases of the fine hairs consti-
tuting the pubescence, while in the last the punctuation be-
comes wholly lost and the surface glabrous. The present
genus approaches Scopaeus more closely than the other two
in the nearly parallel and less convex form of the body and in
the much shorter and somewhat thicker tarsi, with a form of
the prothorax nearly similar to that of Pycnorus. The species
are moderately numerous and extend over the entire northern
part of the continent from the Atlantic to the Pacific, those
known to me being distinguished as follows : —

Head almost semicircularly rounded at base, smaller in size and relatively

more elongate 2

Head large, broadly truncate at base, scarcely at all longer than wide... 5

2 — Head distinctly wider than the prothorax 3

Head subequal in width to the prothorax, never more than very slightly

wider 4

3 — Body slender, black, the legs pale brown throughout, the punctures fine
and dense, less dense on the pronotum than on the elytra: head elon-
gate, broadly concave between the antennal prominences. Male with a
large oval concavity at the apex of the fifth ventral and a subquadrate
emargination formed in part by short prolongations of the sides of the
concavity, the floor of the concavity smooth, with a narrow, slender,
posteriorly inclined, acutely attenuate spine, bearing at each side near
its apex a short seta projecting laterally; sixth segment with a simple
subparabolic sinus wider than deep and about a third as wide as the
segnfent; middle tibiae somewhat abruptly thickened from behind the
middle to the apex. Length 2.9 mm. ; width O.Sjmm. Vancouver Island.

brnnuipes Lee.

Body parallel, rather convex, shining, black or slightly piceous in color, the

legs piceous-black with the tarsi pale brown, the antennae dark brown;

212 Trans. Acad. Sci. of St. Louis.

pubescence throughout short, flae, decumbent and moderately abundant;
head longer than wide, flnely but strongly, closely punctate, the punc-
tures especially dense toward base and sides; eyes rather small but
convex and prominent, at more than twice their own length from the
extreme base, the sides behind them parallel for a short distance, then
broadly rounding into the semicircular base, which is somewhat sub-
truncate toward the middle especially in the female; front between the
antennal tubercles broadly,strongly impressed ; antennae slightly shorter
than the head and prothoras, moderately slender, feebly incrassate, the
cylindric basal joint much longer than the next two, the succeeding three
decreasing slowly in length; prothorax nearly a third longer than wide,
distinctly although not very greatly narrower than the head, widest
near the middle, the sides subparallel and broadly arcuate, rapidly con-
verging and becoming just visibly sinuate in anterior fourth to the very
narrow neck, the punctures sparse, very fine, more distinct and feebly as-
perate toward base; elytra nearly a fourth longer than wide, very much
wider than the head, two-fifths wider and a fourth longer than the pro-
thorax, parallel, the punctures close-set, larger than those of the head
and rather strongly asperate; abdomen parallel, slightly narrower than
the elytra; legs moderately short and rather slender. Male with a
broadly oval deep and distinctly though not acutely limited oval impres-
sion, occupying median third of the fifth ventral and extending almost to
the base, its floor shining and having, posteriorly, a suberect acutely
triangular process; posterior margin of the segment with a large, sub-
quadrate eraarginatiou, the acute and subparallel sides of which are in
great part formed by acute processes in prolongation of the sides of the
impression, the emargination as deep as the length of the impresision
before it; sixth segment with a large oval impression having a flat floor,
the apical margin with a simple rounded sinus about three times as wide
as deep; middle tibiae nearly as in hmnnipes. Length 3.2 mm. ; width

0.66 mm. Massachusetts, — Mr. F. Blanchard pnritana n. sp.

Body shining, black in color, almost similar to puritana, except that the
head is evenly and semicircularly rounded at base and not broadly sub-
truncate toward the middle and more obviously elongated, with the
punctures of the head and prothorax rather more close -set and the
transverse impressions at the base of the abdominal segments more
pronounced; form very slightly less slender. Male unknown. Length
3.3 mm.; width 0.68 mm. California (Contra Costa Co.).

rotnndiceps Csy.
4 — Form, color and sculpture nearly similar to brunnipes but more slender
and elongate, the legs piceous-brown throughout; head narrower and
more elongate, the sides straight and parallel for half the distance fr6m
the eyes to the extreme base, measured longitudinallyj then almost
evenly and semicircularly rounded, feebly subtruncate toward the middle
of the base; prothorax only just visibly narrower than the head; elytra
narrower and more elongate, the sides parallel. Male having secondary
sexual characters nearly similar to those of brunnipes, except that the
prolongations of the apex of the flfth ventral — forming the sides of
the large subquadrate emargination — are flexed more strongly inward
toward tip, that the large oval flat impression of the sixth segment is

Casey — A Revision of the American Paederini. 213

Jongitudinally divided anteriorly by a tumid ridge and tliat the sinus at
the apex is rather smaller and about twice as wide as deep. Length
3.7 mm.; width 0.55 mm. Colorado (Salida), — Mr. Wickham.

procera n. sp.
Form nearly similar to the preceding, slender, polished, black, the legs
black with the tarsi pale; head narrow, elongate, the sides parallel for
rather more than half the longitudinal distance from the eyes to the
middle of the base, then semicircularly rounded, not subtruncate
medially; prothorax about equal in width to the head, elongate, the
sides subparaWel, broadly arcuate, very obtusely subangulate at apical
fourth; elytra parallel, evidently elongate, nearly one-half wider and a
fourth longer than the prothorax, impressed on the suture behind the
scutellum; legs rather slender. Male having a deep and elongate -
oval impression occupying median third of the fifth ventral and
extending virtually to the base, the posterior margin with a transverse
emargination, the sides of which are formed by rather short obtuse pro-
longations of the sides of the impression, the emargination not quite
one-third as deep as the length of the impression before it, the posterior
margin of the impression very feebly lobed and pubescent at the middle
but without an acute subelevated process; sixth segment with a large
simple apical sinus about three times as wide as deep, the surface
before it apparently somewhat impressed. Length 3.4 mm. ; width 0.35

mm. Nevada (Reno) angusticeps n. sp.

5 Body elongate, parallel, somewhat stouter than angusticeps, shining,

black, the legs and antennae red -brown throughout; head well
developed, rather wider just before the basal angles than across the
eyes, the latter at nearly three times their own length from the base,
which is broadly, transversely truncate, the angles moderately broadly
rounded; prothorax elongate-oval, scarcely three-fourths as wide as
the head, rapidly narrowed anteriorly as usual ; elytra notably elongate,
parallel, nearly one-half wider and a third longer than the prothorax,
the punctures fine and scarcely at all asperate ; abdomen subparallel,
much narrower than the elytra and not quite as wide as the head,
Male unknown. Length 3.9 mm.; with 0.63 mm. California (Mendo-
cino Co.) truncaticeps Csy.

The description of brunnijyes, given above, is from some
pencil notes taken by the author some years ago from the
orisinal type. It is a smaller and more slender species than
the eastern purifana, the latter differing also in having the
spiniform process of the fifth ventral broader, more triangular
and pubescent, though having the same subterminal single
lateral setae, and the sinuation of the sixth segment is smaller
and rather more broadly rounded. The spiniform process in
bnmnipes, as well as the posterior part of the concavity, is
completely glabrous. The Calif ornian rotundiceps Csy . , is sim-

214 Trans, Acad. Sci. of JSt. Louis.

ilar but larger and has the legs colored as in puritana. I have
assumed that the head in brunnipes is distinctly wider than
the prothorax but appear to have made no note on this point ;
the original description of LeConte is wholly inadequate.
The species described in the table under the name angusticeps
is founded upon a speciujen which I formerly regarded as the
male of rotundiceps (Bull. Cal. Acad. Sci., 6, p. 218) but
more careful comparisons indicate the impropriety of this
association. There are before me two forms allied closely to
brunnipes, which, are left undescribed for the present; they
occur at Lake Superior and in Montana (Kalispell).

Scopaeopsis n. gen.

This genus is one of the most isolated of the Scopaei, not only
in general habitus and comparatively large size of its species,
but by reason of labral structure, long slender tarsi — a char-
acter shared only with Scopaeodera — and elaborate secondary
sexual modifications of the male. The integuments are clothed
rather sparsely with very fine short and decumbent hairs and
the punctures are, except on the elytra of certain species,
excessively minute or subobsolete, being practically filled by
the bases of the minute hairs. The species are moderately
numerous, inhabiting the entire eastern parts of our territory,
not known to me to extend west of the 100th meridian and
entirely unknown to the Sonoran and Pacific coast faunas.
The five species in my cabinet may be indicated as follows : —

Elytra large, as wide as the head or wider 2

Elytra smaller, more or less distinctly narrower than the head; male sexual
characters complex 5

2 — Male sexual modifications comparatively simple 3

Male sexual characters complex; elytral punctures stronger and rugose...*

3 Subparallel, rather convex, moderately shining, the pale pubescence

rather conspicuous, piceous-black, the head and prouotum dusky tes-
taceous, the antennae dusky, pale toward tip; legs slender, the femora
pale honey-yellow, the knees, tibiae and tarsi dusky or piceous; head
scarcely longer than wide, the eyes well developed, convex and promi-
nent, at about twice their length from the base, measured longitudinally
as usual, the sides behind them very feebly converging, then broadly
rounded into the sdmicircular base; antennae not as long as the head
and prothorax, slender, not distinctly iucrassate, the joints much more

Casey — A Revision of the American Paederini. 215

cylindric in form than in the other genera, the basal joint long, not
quite equaling the next three combined; prothorax distinctly elon-
gate, three-fourths as wide as the head, broadly rounded and subparallel
at the sides, the latter more strongly converging and becoming very
feebly sinuate to the nuchal collar which is half as wide as the base ;
elytra parallel, distinctly longer than wide, very slightly wider than the
head, nearly a third wider and one-fourth longer than the prothorax,
the apical margin narrowly and abruptly yellow in color; abdomen
throughout very much narrower than the elytra, at base four- fifths as
wide as at the apex of the fourth segment. Male with ventrals two,
three and four narrowly and simply impressed in the middle,
the fifth not distinctly modified, the sixth with a very large notch
occupying its entire width and three or four times as wide as deep, the
notch having the form of an incised cusp with widely diverging arcuate
sides and with the angle right and not rounded, the surface scarcely at
all impressed. Length 3.8 mm. ; width 0.7 mm. District of Columbia,
North Carolina (Asheville) and Mississippi (Vicksburg) opaca Lee.

4 — Body elongate, subparallel, convex, rather shining with the elytra and
abdomen duller, piceous-black throughout, the narrow apical margin
of the elytra and the legs throughout pale honey -yellow, the antennae
similar in color, the funicle dusky toward base; head scarcely as long
as wide, the eyes well developed and prominent, the sides behind them
parallel for about their own length, then broadly rounded into the
truncate base; antennae slender, feebly incrassate; prothorax shorter
and stouter than in opaca but otherwise nearly similar, about four-fifths
as wide as the head, rapidly narrowed in apical third; elytra parallel,
much longer than wide, equal in width to the head, about a fourth
wider and longer than the prothorax ; abdomen at the apex of the fourth
segment equal in width to the elytra, much narrower at base. Male
with ventrals two to five strongly impressed along the middle, the im-
pressions increasing in width from a sixth or seventh as wide as the
segment on the second to nearly one-half the total width on the fifth,
those of segments two to four nearly similar in character and abruptly
limited at the sides, that of the fourth witti a small tooth at each side
at apex and a larger acute tooth in the middle very near the apex, that
of the fifth broadly oval, nearly flat, with the sides strongly convex but
not acute, the apex broadly sinuate along the impression; sixth segment
broadly, biobliquely impressed, the apex with a large simple subangu-
late sinus about three times as wide as deep. Length 3.9 mm. ; width
0.65 mm. Texas (Galveston) elaboratan. sp.

Body similar to that of elaborata but shorter and slightly stouter, pale
dusky testaceous in color throughout, the antennae concolorous, feebly
paler distally, the apical margin of the elytra and entire legs pale
honey- yellow; head relatively larger, the basal angles still more broadly
rounded; prothorax somewhat smaller and less stout, elongate, rapidly
narrowed at apex as usual and scarcely three-fourths as wide as the
head ; elytra shorter and relatively wider, but little longer than wide,
equal in width to the head; abdomen narrow at base, more rapidly
broadening posteriorly. Male unknown. Length 3.5 mm. ; width 0.7 mm.
Central Texas pallens n. sp.

216 Trans. Acad. Sci. of St. Louis.

5 — Form slender, convex, rather shining, the elytra and abdomen dull in
lustre, piceous- black, the head, prothorax and entire antennae dusky
testaceous, the legs paler, flavo-testaceous throughout; head large, the
eyes moderately developed, the sides behind them very feebly converg-
ing and nearly straight for a long distance, then broadly rounded into
the broadly subtruncate base; front not impressed ; prothorax large,
elongate-suboval, three-fourths as wide as the head and of the usual
form; elytra small, very finely but densely, asperately punctate,
parallel, slightly longer than wide, much narrower than the head,
scarcely visibly wider than the prothorax and equal in length to the
latter; abdomen at base very nearly as wide as the elytra, rapidly
broadening posteriorly, and, at the apex of the fourth segment, much
wider than the elytra and as wide as the head. Male with sexual mod-
ifications nearly similar to those of elaborata but differing in having the
medial tooth of the impression of the fourth ventral more anterior in
position and somewhat distant from the transversely rectilinear apical
edge of the depression and in having the broad shallow impression of
the fifth ventral transversely oblong with parallel and much straighter
sides, the apex along the impression broadly and triangularly emarginate
throughout the width of the latter; subtriangular sinus of the sixth
segment larger, but little more than twice as wide as deep. Length
3.5-3.8 mm.; width 0.6-0.65 mm. New York (Long Island) and North

Carolina ( Asheville) ventralis n. sp.

Form rather less slender but otherwise nearly similar throughout to
ventralis, the coloration similar; head relatively smaller though more
elongate, rather longer than wide, the base evenly, semicircularly
rounded throughout, becoming parallel for a short distance behind the
eyes; prothorax large, nearly five -sixths as wide as the head, longer
than wide, strongly rounded at the sides; elytra relatively larger than in
ventralis, but little narrower than the head and slightly wider than the
prothorax, equal in length to the latter, longer than wide, parallel,
minutely, densely and asperately punctate; abdomen at base but little
narrower than the elytra, moderately broadening posteriorly, at the
apex of the fourth segment rather wider than the head. Male having
sexual characters similar in general to those of ventralis, the teeth at
the sides of the apex of the impression of the fourth ventral much
smaller and not at all conspicuous, the medial tooth more elongate but
not very much more posterior in position, the impression of the fifth
segment nearly similar in form and extent but with its posterior margin
feebly and subcircularly sinuate toward the middle, the sinus of the
sixth ventral nearly similar but ra*^^her smaller and shallower, the sur-
face feebly and biobliquely impressed. Length 3.9 mm. ; width 0.68 mm.
Ohio (Cincinnati), — Mr. Charles Dury duryi n. sp.

The coloration of the legs in opaca — which was originally
described as smJSchiaster, — is inconstant, some specimens hav-
ing them a uniform clear honey-yellow throughout, while
others have the tibiae almost piceous-black and the tarsi but

Casey — A Revision of the American Paederini. 217

slightly paler. Although jja??e?i6' is represented by the female
only, I have before me two specimens which are mutually
perfectly similar and its pale color is doubtless a specific
character.

Scopaeodera Csy.

Among the genera of Scopaei having the basal joint of the
hind tarsi elongated — a peculiar and very interesting series,
apparently most highly developed in the American conti-
nents,— Scopaeodera is greatly isolated in habitus because of
the highly polished, glabrous and subimpunctate integuments
and presence of long stiff tactile setae. The species also
differ from the others in their comparatively simple secondary
male sexual characters and in having the middle pair of labral
teeth alone developed, the exterior teeth being obsolete or
extremely minute. They are almost exclusively tropical in
range and in all probability numerous, but only two have
been discovered thus far in our southwestern territories. A
number of them were described by Dr. Sharp in the " Biolo-
gia " as Scopaeus, under group "4," and the Colombian
pulchellus Er. and Amazonian distans Shp., among others,
also belong here. Our two species may be readily identified
by the following characters : —

Form rather slender, notably convex, polished throughout and pale flavo-
testaceous in color, each elytron clouded -with piceous-black behind the
middle except at apex, the abdomen also largely blackish toward tip ;
erect tactile setae sparse, shorter on the elytra and in the single trans-
verse discal series of the abdominal segments; elytra with long, coarse
suberect and very sparse hairs in addition, the abdomen with very fine
and moderately close-set pale pubescence; head rather small, longer
than wide, the eyes large, convex and prominent, at a little less than
twice their length from the base, the sides behind them converging and
straight for a short distance, then very broadly rounded into the sub-
truncate median parts of the base; antennae moderately thick, feebly
incrassate, not as long as the head and pro thorax, with the cylindric
basal joint longer than the next two together; prothorax very slightly
narrower than the head, longer than wide, widest and obtusely sub-
angulate laterally at apical fourth, the sides thence gradually converging
and broadly arcuate to the base and very rapidly converging and feebly
sinuate to the narrow neck, the surface strongly convex, impunctate;
elytra slightly elongate, parallel and broadly arcuate at the sides, nearly

218 Trans. Acad. Sci. of St. Louis.

one -half wider and a fourtb longer than the prothorax and very much
wider than the head, broadly convex, impressed on the suture toward
base; abdomen toward base much narrower than the elytra but rapidly
broadening, so that the apex of the fourth segment is somewhat wider
than the elytra, the fifth segment obtrapezoidal and nearly as long aa
the two preceding combined; legs slender. Male with the fifth ventral
unmodified, the sixth having a triangular incisure at apex about one-
half deeper than wide, the surface feebly impressed in prolongation
thereof. Length 3.2 mm.; width 0.55 mm. Texas (Houston and Lu->

ling) nitida Lee.

Form, sculpture and coloration almost completely similar to nitida, the dark
subapical cloud of the abdomen usually confined to the discal parts of
the fifth segment only and the general color rather paler than in nitida;
head nearly similar but with much less broadly rounded basal angles,
the truncate part of the base wider and more transverse; prothorax
nearly similar, the elytra larger and relatively more elongate, the ab-
domen notably broader and less dilated posteriorly, the fifth segment
much shorter than the two preceding. Male with the fifth ventral un-
modified, the sixth having a moderately large notch at apex, the emargin-
ation triangular with straight sides and angulate apex and nearly twice
as wide as deep, the adjacent surface not at all impressed. Length 3.1
mm. ; width 0.6 mm. California (Yuma and the Needles). sonorica n. sp.

These species are both rather abundant and somewhat re-
semble certain ants in their movements and coloration. JSFitida
was originally described under the generic name Echiaster.

Stilici.

The few generic types of this well-marked subtribe are
remarkably consistent in the form of the tarsi, neck and
gular sutures and differ among themselves principally in
modifications of the labrum, maxiUary palpi, prostei'num and
sculpture of the integuments. The hind tarsi are more or
less elongate throughout, with the basal joint always distinctly
longer than the second and sometimes as long as the next two
combined but varies considerably in relative elongation, even
within the limits of 8tilicus itself. The neck is always very
slender and not variable in width, as it is in the Scopaei, and
the gular sutures are invariably coalescent and unified at least
toward base. The anterior tarsi are generally very slightly
dilated and spongy-pubescent beneath. The genera known
to me may be briefly described as follows : —

Casey — A Revision of the American Paederini. 219

Labrum broadly rounded or subtruncate at apex, the teeth two in number,
more or less aciculate and always approximate; second joint of the
maxillary palpi much shorter than the third; anterior tarsi finely,
densely pubescent beneath; prosternum very finely, feebly carinate
throughout ^

Labrum broadly sinuato-emarginate at apex, the emargination having two
short obtuse and more widely separated teeth; second palpal joint very
much shorter thah the third; anterior tarsi not at all dilated, having
long coarse hairs beneath; prosternum finely, unevenly and feebly
carinate ^

Labrum quadridentate at apex and generally broadly subtruncate and
triemarginate ^

2 — Head rounded to subtruncate at base, the body rather slender; legs and

tarsi slender; sculpture more or less coarse. Palaearctic and Nearctic

regions Stilicns

Head broadly sinuate at base, the body very stout; legs and tarsi thick;
sculpture very fine and dense. Nearctic regions Pachystilicus

3 _ Body very stout with the head orbicular; third maxillary palpal joint

unusually small, subcylindric and bent; sculpture fine and dense, the
vestiture very short and stiff; femora and tibiae rather thick, the hind
tarsi slender and almost as long as the tibiae. Myrmecophilous.
Nearctic regions Megastilicus

4 _ Outer pair of labral teeth as large and conspicuous as the inner; second

palpal joint much shorter than the third; anterior tarsi slightly dilated
and more densely pubescent beneath; legs slender; sculpture coarse as

in Stilicus. Palaearctic regions *Stilicosoraa

Outer pair of labral teeth very minute; anterior tarsi not dilated and
usually not densely clothed beneath; sculpture of the integuments
always very fine and dense 5

5 — Prosternum strongly carinate throughout its length 6

Prosternum not at all carinate except posteriorly near the coxae 7

6 — Inner pair of labral teeth short and broad, widely separated, each tooth

deeply bifid and forming two acute denticles; labrum not at all pro-
duced in the middle but broadly subtruncate; head rounded at base,
the eyes moderate or rather small ; second palpal joint but little shorter
than the third, moderately elongate; gular sutures as usual; prothorax

oblong-parallel, the angles distinct. Nearctic regions Stilicoliua

Inner pair of labral teeth strong, the labrum elongated in the middle;
maxillary palpi very long; mandibles broad; prosternum elongate, the
prothorax without the lateral angles of Stilicus, Tropical America.

*Eustilicas

7 — Labrum broadly truncate and deeply trisinuate, the median teeth long,

simple and aciculate; mandibles broad and strong; maxillary palpi
long, the second joint slightly shorter than the third; gular sutures
meeting behind the middle; head subtruncate at base, the eyes very
small; prothorax obtrapezoidal, the anteriar angles rounded; legs long,
the femora somewhat stout. Sonoran region Omostilicns

The characters of the Mexican and Central American
EustiUcus Shp., are taken from the "Biologia; " at first it

220 Trans. Acad. Sci. of St. Louis.

seemed as though the genus named Omostilicus in the table
might be identical, but the statements concerning the absence
of thoracic angles and carination of the prosternum evidently
render highly improbable any close affiliation of the two
genera. The presence of two minute external labral denticles
in Eustilicus is assumed, as no mention of them is made by
Dr. Sharp. It is rather singular that the completely different
labrum of Stilicus rujipes Germ., taken in connection with its
very pronounced divergence in general habitus, should not
have been more fully dwelt upon by European authors. The
differences are of full generic significance and the name
Stilicosoma (n. gen.) is suggested for it as above.

Stilicus Latr.

The American species of this genus are all much smaller
than the European and have far simpler secondary male sexual
characters, but appear to be truly congeneric. They occur
throughout the United States from the Atlantic to the
Pacific and are generally rather abundant individually.
There are usually several species possessing secondary male
sexual characters of the same type, though variously modified,
and they might be classified in this manner, but, owing to the
fact that a very few distinct forms are at present represented
by the female alone, I prefer to attempt an arrangement based
upon general characters, presumably common to the sexes, as
follows : —

Under surface of the head densely punctured 2

Under surface of the head sparsely punctured 6

2 — Sculpture llnerj the punctures dense even on the elytra. Form rather
broad and subdepressed, rufo-piceous in color, the abdomen blackish,
the elytra dusky with the external angles broadly pale, the legs and an-
tennae rufo-testaceous; head well developed, subquadrate, truncate
at base with broadly rounded angles, the sides parallel: eyes large,
broadly convex, at about one-half more than their own length from the
base; antennae rather slender, feebly incrassate, scarcely a third longer
than the head; surface confluently punctate above, the punctures
shallower and polygonally crowded beneath; prothorax rather broad,
slightly longer than wide, nearly three -fourths as wide as the head,
obtusely angulate at the sides at apical third, the angles well rounded,

Casey — A Revision of the American Paederini. 221

the sides feebly converging and broadly rounded thence to the base and
rapidly so and subsiuuate thence to the narrow apex, the punctures
similar to those of the head but less confluent; elytra quadrate, par-
allel, a third wider and one-fourth longer than the prothorax, equal in
width to the head, closely and asperately punctate; abdomen parallel
with very feebly arcuate sides, distinctly narrower than the elytra,
minutely, closely punctate; hind tarsi rather shorter than usual.
Male with a broadly rounded abrupt emargination occupying median
third of the apex of the fifth ventral, from the bottom of which pro-
jects a narrow slender aciculate process extending beyond the limits of
the sides of the emargination; sixth segment with a triangular notch
having straight sides and acute apex, somewhat deeper than wide and
about one-third as wide as the segment; segmental surfaces unim-
pressed. Length 3.9 mm.; width 0.78 mm. District of Columbia.

opacnlns Lee.
Sculpture coarse, the elytra always more or less sparsely punctate 3

3 — Head broadly subtruucate at base, the eyes very large, the antennae

short and thicker; pronotum with a smooth median line; elytra large,
wider than the head; punctures of the head very dense but not coales-

cent ; body less elongate 4.

Head rounded or subangulate at base, more elongate, the eyes moderate in
size, the antennae longer and more slender; pronotum without a smooth
median line; elytra smaller, never wider than the head; punctures of
the head longitudinally confluent 5

4 — Body stout, parallel, moderately convex, deep black in color throughout

except the elytral apex, which is pale flavo -testaceous and similar in
color to the femora and tarsi, the knees and tibiae piceous, the anten-
nae dusky testaceous; lustre dull, the elytra and broad median line of
the pronotum polished ; head as wide as long, coarsely and very densely
punctate above and beneath, the eyes very large, broadly convex and
not very prominent, almost continuing the outline of the tempora
behind them and situated at about two-thirds of their own length from
the base; tempora evenly rounded from the eyes to the neck, the base
broadly, very feebly arcuate or subtruncate; prothorax slightly elon-
gate, two-thirds as wide as the head, punctured like the latter except
along the impunctate median line, broadly angulate at apical third, the
sides thence just visibly converging and straight to basal fourth, then
more convergent and subsinuate to the broad base, strongly converging
and broadly subsinuate anteriorly to the narrow neck; elytra large,
parallel, scarcely as long as wide, three-flfths wider and one-third
longer than the prothorax, convex, strongly impressed throughout at
each side of the suture, the punctures fine, sparse and scarcely at all
asperate; abdomen parallel, narrower than the elytra but subequal in
width to the head, the sides feebly arcuate, minutely, closely punctate;
legs slender. Male unknown. Length 4.3 mm.; width 0.95 mm.

Oregon (Albany) , — Mr. Wickham oregonns n. sp.

Body similar in form, coloration and sculpture to the preceding but smaller
in size, with the eyes more convex and prominent, the tempora behind
them less converging to the broadly rounded basal angles, the feebly
converging straight sides of the prothorax behind the obtuse anterior

222 Trans. Acad. Sci. of St. Louis.

angles shorter, extending only to basal third, the elytra relatively
smaller and only just visibly wider than the head, about as long as
wide, the abdomen wider, being, at the middle, very nearly as wide as
the elytra. Male with the fifth ventral broadly and slightly flattened
toward the middle, the apex truncate, with a very shallow simple and
and broadly rounded sinus in fully median third; broad tip of the
sixth segment with a simple semiclrcularly rounded sinus in about
median fourth and about three times as wide as deep. Length 3.9 mm. ;
width 0.88 mm. New York (Long Island) to Virginia . . . latinscnlns Csy.

5 — Prothorax evidently shorter than the elytra. Body blackish-piceous in

color, except the prothorax which is dusky rufous, the elytral apices
and legs throughout pale flavo-testaceous, the antennae dark rufo-testa-
ceous; punctures of the head and pronotum coarse and longitudinally
confluent, of the under surface of the former equally coarse and very
close-set but not distinctly confluent, of the elytra finer but strong and
rather sparse, of the abdomen very fine and notably sparse, the last two
surfaces polished; head longer than wide, the convex eyes at nearly
twice their own length from the base, the sides behind them rapidly
converging and broadly arcuate to the narrow neck; labral teeth unu-
sually long and acute; prothorax much longer than wide, two-thirds
as wide as the head, broadly rounded and very obsoletely subangulate
at two-fifths from the apex, the sides thence feebly converging and
nearly straight to basal fifth, thence strongly converging to the base,
strongly converging and straight anteriorly to the narrow neck; elytra
quadrate, parallel, one-half wider than the prothorax and about a
fifth longer, just visibly narrower than the head; abdomen parallel,
very feebly arcuate at the sides, as wide as the elytra; legs slender.
Male with the fifth ventral unmodified on the disk, the apex rectilinearly
truncate, with a very small, broadly triangular median process, wider
than long and obtusely angulate, the process slightly tumid on the
surface, the sixth segment with a broad, shallow and broadly rounded
apical sinus, nearly five times as wide as deep. Length 4.3 mm. ;
width 0.75 mm. New York, Pennsylvania and District of Columbia.

rudis Lee.
Prothorax equal in length to the elytra. Body stouter but otherwise nearly
similar, pale rufo-testaceous in color, the abdomen broadly clouded
with piceous, the elytra more fiavate, with the apex more broadly and
conspicuously pale and nearly luteous -white, the legs very pale honey-
yellow throughout ; head nearly as in rudis but broader and less evenly
rounded at base, the latter being broadly and obtusely subangulate;
prothorax broader and more oval, the anterior angles, just behind api-
cal third, much more broadly rounded and subobsolete; elytra larger,
subquadrate, only very slightly narrower than the head, two-fifths wider
and scarcely longer than the prothorax, strongly shining and somewhat
more sparsely punctured than in rudis; tarsi rather more elongate.
Male unknown. Length 4.3 mm.; width 0.8 mm. Rhode Island (Boston
Neck) apicalis n. sp.

6 — Head broadly rounded or subtruncate at base 7

Head strongly rounded or subangulate at base, generally ogival in form

behind the eyes 10

Casey — A Revision of the American Paederini. 223

7 — Elytra large, much wider than the head 8

Blytra small, always distinctly narrower than the head 9

8 — Stout in form, convex, shining, obscure rufo-plceous in color, the elytra

subpiceous with pale apex, the abdomen blackish, the legs throughout
pale lateo-flavate; head fully as wide as long, rather coarsely punctate,
the punctures shallow, not coalescent but polygonally crowded, each
with a crater-like centre bearing a small hair, strong but sparse on the
under surface; eyes large, at scarcely their own length from the base,
the sides behind them rounded in circular arc to the feebly rounded and
broadly subtruncate base; labrum large, the teeth small; antennae
rather thick; prothorax unusually large, but little longer than wide,
nearly three-fourths as wide as the head, the obtuse angles at apical
third distinctly rounded, the punctures rather coarse but not very dense,
the surface shining, the broad polished impunctate median line not at all
canaliculate; elytra quadrate, more than one-half wider than the pro-
thorax and two-fifths longer, finely, subasperately and sparsely punctate ;
abdomen narrower than the elytra, minutely, subasperately and rather
closely punctate; legs only moderately long and slender. Male with
the fifth ventral broadly and feebly flattened toward the middle, the
apex rectilinearly truncate and unmodified, the sixth segment with a
large rounded sinus much wider than deep. Length 3.9 mm.; width
0.8 mm. Rhode Island, Virginia, Lake Superior and Texas (Austin).

augnlaris Er.

Form and size the same as in angularis; color more nearly piceous; head
above rather finely and densely punctate, not rugose ; below rufo-piceous,
polished, somewhat sparsely punctate ; sides behind the eyes slightly
convergent, the hind angles rounded; base truncate; prothorax densely
punctate, with a narrow, smooth and slightly elevated median line;
elytra more finely and sparsely punctate, the tips narrowly pale; ab-
domen very finely, moderately densely punctured. Male with the fifth
ventral toothed at the middle of the hind margin, the sixth triangularly
emarginate. Length 4.0 mm. California (Los Angeles and Kern Cos.).

occidnus Fall

2 — Moderately slender, sub parallel, piceous -black, the elytra scarcely at
all paler at tip, the abdomen black, the legs throughout pale luteo-
fiavate, the antennae dusky testaceous ; surface somewhat shining, the
punctures of the head and prothorax moderately coarse and densely
subconfiuent, of the elytra finer, subasperate and rather close -set, of
the abdomen very fine, subasperate and moderately dense; head large,
fully as wide as long, the eyes very large, convex and prominent, at
notably less than their own length from the base, the sides behind
them rapidly converging and broadly arcuate to the feebly arcuate base;
prothorax much elongated, only three-fifths as wide as the head, of the
usual form, the polished median line rather narrow but scarcely at all
concave; elytra relatively very small, notably shorter than the pro-
thorax and not much more than a fourth wider, quadrate, the sides very
feebly diverging from the base, the surface unusually depressed or
flattened; abdomen at base fully as wide as the elytra, wider at the
middle, the sides parallel and feebly arcuate as usual; legs long.
Male with the apex of the fifth ventral rectilinearly truncate and un-

224 Trans. Acad. Sci. of St. Louis.

modified, the surlace with two small tumescent processes very near the
apex, separated by about twice their own width, the sixth segment with
a large simple rounded sinus, nearly three times as wide as deep.
Length 3.7 mm. ; width 0.7 mm. Massachusetts biarmatns Lee.

Nearly similar throughout to the preceding but a little larger, the prothorax
relatively smaller and less elongate, two-thirds as wide as the head, with
the polished median line still narrower and distinctly concave; elytra
larger, quadrate, a third wider and obviously longer than the prothorax.
Male with the apex of the fifth ventral retilinearly truncate and unmodi-
fied, the surface with two tumescent processes as in biarmatus, but having
these processes very much smaller and separated by fully three times
their own width, the sixth segment with a large and nearly similar
sinus at tip. Length 3.9 mm.; width 0.75 mm. Lake Superior (Bay-
field") , — Mr . Wicliham — and Iowa lacustrinus n sp.

Somewhat similar to the two preceding in general form, piceous, the pro-
thorax dusky rufous, the abdomen black; head more evenly and semi-
circularly rounded throughout from eye to eye, the confluent punctures
somewhat coarser than in biarmatus; prothorax narrower and relatively
more elongate, the angles very obtuse and rather more rounded, the
punctures dense and confluent, the median impunctate line much wider
and wholly unimpressed; elytra more convex and more finely and
sparsely punctate, a little shorter than wide, with pale apex, rather
shorter than the prothorax and two-fifths wider, less obviously narrower
than the head than in biarmatus; abdomen at base slightly narrower
than the elytra, at about the middle as wide as the latter, less densely
punctulate and more polished. Male having the apex of the fifth ventral
rectilinearly truncate, with a very small feeble arcuate lobe at the
middle, the surface with two transverse and very feeble, densely and
coarsely setulose tumidities very near and parallel to the hind mar-
gin, mutually separated by a very narrow space scarcely half as wide
as either, the sixth segment with a very large simple parabolic sinus
at tip. Length 3.7 mm.; width 0.7 mm. New York (near the citj).

abbreYiellus n. sp,

10— Median smooth line of the pronotum narrow, the polished elytra sub-
metallic in lustre. Rather stout, convex, dark piceous in color, the
abdomen black, the elytral apex narrowly pale, more broadly toward
the sides, the legs pale luteo-flavate throughout, the antennae dark
rufous; surface dull, somewhat coarsely, densely and confluently punc-
tate anteriorly, the elytra and abdomen sparsely, finely punctate and
polished; head relatively small, rather longer than wide, the eyes large,
convex and prominent, at about their own length from the base meas-
ured longitudinally, the contour behind them ogival; antennae mod-
erately long and slender, distinctly incrassate distally; prothorax
slightly elongate, fully three-fifths as wide as the head, the sides obtusely
but very distinctly angulate at two-fifths from the apex, thence very
feebly converging and straight to basal fifth, then strongly converging
and sinuate to the base; elytra large, quadrate, parallel, broadly con-
vex distinctly wider than the head, three-fourths wider and nearly
a third longer than the prothorax; abdomen at base distinctly narrower
than the elytra, the third and fourth segments generally subequal in

Casey — A Revision of the American Paeclerini. 225

width to the latter; legs rather long and slender. Male with the fifth
segment rectilinearly truncate at tip, with a gradually formed short
and acute median lobe in the form of a cusp, occupying about median
eighth or ninth of the width, the sixth segment with a simple rounded
sinus occupying about half the apex and fully four times as wide as
deep. Length 3.8 mm.; width 0.82 mm. New York, Virginia, Iowa,

Missouri and Texas (Austin) dentatns Say

Median smooth line broader and more conspicuous; abdomen very sparsely
pnnctulate and polished; elytra finely and sparsely punctate and strongly
shining but never metallic in lustre ; punctures of the head and pronotum

rather coarse and strongly, longitudinally confluent 11

11 — Elytra large, slightly wider than the head 12

Elytra small, evidently narrower than the head ■ 13

12 — Form moderately stout, blackish-piceous in color, the elytral apex
and legs throughout pale luteo-fiavate, the antennae pale rufous;
head somewhat longer than wide, rather broadly ogival behind the
eyes, the latter convex and prominent, at their own length from the
base measured longitudinally; antennae rather thick, distinctly
incrassate distally; prothorax nearly as in de?itotus, two-thirds as wide
as the head; elytra scarcely as long as wide, slightly wider than the
head, parallel, two-thirds wider than the prothorax and a third longer;
abdomen at base obviously narrower than the elytra, the third and
fourth segments as wide as the head ; legs only moderately long and
slender. Male with the apex of the fifth ventral broadly, feebly sinuate
in median third, with a broad and obtusely angulate tooth gradually
formed at the bottom of the sinus, the surface of the process slightly
tumid and polished; sixth segment broadly, cylindrically impressed
along the middle, with an apical sinus nearly a third as wide as the seg-
ment and about twice as wide as deep, subtriangular in form but with
the angle distinctly rounded. Length 3.75 mm. ; width 0.78 mm. Rhode

Island (Boston Neck) Incnientns n. sp.

Form and size nearly similar to luculentus but deep black throughout, the
elytra and abdomen highly polished, very finely, sparsely punctured, the
former without paler apex except very faintly toward the external angles,
the femora and tarsi pale honey- yellow, the former toward tip and the
entire tibiae picescent, the antennae dusky ; head nearly similar but more
broadly and obtusely ogival at base, the eyes larger and at less than
their own length from the base; antennae more slender and less in-
crassate; prothorax nearly similar; elytra quadrate, parallel, fully
as long as wide, only just visibly wider than the head, three-fourths
wider and two-fifths longer than the prothorax; abdomen nearly as in
the preceding, the legs rather longer and more slender. Male unknown.
Length 3.6 mm.; width 0.75 mm. Mississippi (Vicksburg).

nigrolnceus n. sp.
13 — Form somewhat similar to the two preceding, smaller in size, black in
color throughout, the elytra and abdomen highly polished and sparsely
punctulate,the former pale only at the external apical angles, the legs as
in nigrolucens, the antennae moderately slender, distinctly incrassate and
somewhat paler rufous; head rather acutely ogival behind the eyes,
which are very large, convex and prominent and at scarcely their own

226 Trans. Acad. Sci. of St. Louis.

length from the base; prothorax relatively larger, but otherwise similar
in form; elytra subquadrate, rather shorter than wide, parallel, dis-
tinctly narrower than the head, not distinctly longer than the prothorax
and only about two-fifths wider; abdomen near the middle fully as
wide as the elytra. Male with sexual characters somewhat resembling
those of luculentiis, the broad sinuosity of the fifth ventral still moie
shallow, with the process at its middle point almost obsolete, being
reduced to a very small, short and broadly rouaded lobe; sixth seg-
ment more broadly impressed along the middle, with the apical sinus
scarcely twice as wide as deep aud very broadly parabolic in form,
being much less narrowly rounded at the bottom. Length 3.5 mm.;
width 0.7 mm. Rhode Island (Boston Neck).. ...... minusculas u. sp.

The species named minusculus above seems to differ from
any other in having the elytra obhquely and obscurely uni-
or bi-costulate on the disk. The characters of occiduus are
those given by Mr. Fall in the original description (Occas.
Papers, Cal. Acad., viii). The species of the table consti-
tuting distinct types are opaculus, latiusculus, rudis, biarma-
fiis, dentatiis and angidaris; the form named ahhreviellus^
although a well defined species, evidently belongs to the
hiarmatus section and the last three species of the table are
distinct modifications of the dentatiis type. The rudis
type is distinguished by its much smaller eyes, these being of
about the same size as in the European Stilicus cajntalis.
The Japanese species of the ru/escens type, resemble opaculus
and are distinguished from the others by an obviously less
coarse and denser sculpture, subquadrate head truncate at
base and by the presence of a few irregular longitudinal series
of coarser punctures on the elytra, a character not observable
elsewhere.

Pacbystiliciis n. gen.

The species of this genus are few in number but distrib-
uted over the entire nearctic province from the Atlantic to
the Pacific. They are closely allied to Stilicus but differ in
the very short and broad form, finer punctuation and much
shorter and thickened legs ; these characters, in addition to
the large quadrate head, deeply sinuate at base, give them a
distinctly different facies. The evidence at present acces-
sible to me seems to indicate two species as follows ; —

Casey — A Revision of the American Paederini. 227

Color blackish-piceous, pruinose with very fine pubescence; head quad-
rate behind the eyes, the hiud angles rounded, the base " emarginate,"
densely punctate and dull above, the under surface densely and ru-
gosely punctured; proslernum very feebly carinate; prothorax small,
hexagonal, the base one-half wider than the apex, the sides obtusely
rounded, broadly subangulate before the middle, the punctures fine
and close-set but with the surface rather shining, the punctures smaller
than those of the head, the median impunctate line distinct, moderately
wide and not elevated; elytra strongly transverse, not longer than the
prothorax, as wide as the head, flaely, moderately densely punctate,
the punctures distinctly separated ; abdomen finely, densely punctate.
Male with the fifth ventral not modified, the sixth with a small rounded
median sinus at apex, the surface not modified. Length 4.7 mm.; width
1.0 mm. California quadriceps Lee.

Color dull rufo-testaceous, the legs and antennae concolorous, the head
and abdomen above black, dusky beneath; body nearly similar to the
preceding but with the prothorax slightly larger, not quite as long as
wide, with the base very nearly twice as wide as the apex and the
median impunctate line very narrow; elytra less transverse but much
shorter than wide, somewhat longer than the prothorax and fully two-
fifths wider, as wide as the head; abdomen short, at base fully as wide
as the elytra, the sides parallel and arcuate, the third and fourth seg-
ments materially wider than the elytra or head. Male somewhat smaller
and less stout than the female, the fifth ventral very feebly sinuate in
about median third at apex, the adjoining surface feebly flattened, less
punctured and glabrous; sixth segment not distinctly visible in speci-
mens at hand but apparently with the sinus larger and shallower than
in quadriceps. Length 3.5 mm. ; width 1.1-1.2 mm. Manitoba (Winni-
peg) hauhami Wickh.

The characters of quadriceps, given above, are derived from
the original description and from some pencil notes taken by
the writer from the original type some years ago. The forms
from Missouri and Massachusetts, said by Dr. LeConte to be
identical, are unknown to me at present. Of hanhami Wick-
ham, I have three specimens.

Megastilicus Csy.

This remarkable myrmecophilous genus is founded upon a
large species, of very stout form, with unusually small orbic-
ular head, densely opaque integuments of the head and pro-
thorax and with sparse vestiture consisting of short suberect
stiff bristles, which characters give it a facies wholly without
parallel in the subtribe. It may be described as follows: —

228 Trans. Acad. Sci. of St. Louis.

Form moderately convex, the hind body very broad, brownish-rufous
throughout, the legs and antennae concolorus, the head and abdomen
blackish ; surface of the head above and beneath and of the pronotum
impunctate but densely and very strongly micro-reticulate, the stiff
short setae moderately close-set, of the elytra and abdomen rather
more shining, the former less strongly reticulate, somewhat rugulose
but not distinctly punctate, the setae very thick and moderately close -
set, the latter rather densely clothed with very fine short and decum-
bent hairs of the usual type; head rather longer than wide, the base
feebly lobed iuthe middle, the eyes small, not prominent, at fully three
times their length from the base measured longitudinally; antennae
short, moderately thick, about as long as the head, feebly incrassate,
the joints rather closely united; prothorax slightly longer than wide,
three-fourths as wide as the head, strongly rounded laterally at apical
third, the sides thence moderately converging and nearly straight to
the base and more strongly converging to the apex, the latter about half
as wide as the base; surface with a narrow and less opaque median
line; elytra one-flfth wider than long, nearly one-half wider than the
head, three-fourths to four-fifths wider than the prothorax and fully a
third longer, the sides feebly diverging from the base and broadly, feebly
arcuate; abdomen short and broad, less than one-half longer than the
elytra, at base fully as wide as the latter, and, at the middle, a little
wider. Male with the fifth ventral unmodified, the sixth with a very
large simple parabolic sinus, about half as wide as the segment and
between two and three times as wide as deep. Length 5.0 mm.; width
1.45 mm. Massachusetts (Dracut;,— Mr. Blanchard..formicarius Csy.

Although the body has a very stout form, nearly as in
Pachystilicus, it probably has little or no pliylogenetic rela-
tionship with that genus, as the head, labrum, palpi, sculpture
and vestiture are of wholly different types. There is but little
difference between the male and female, the former having
the head and prothorax very shghtly narrower when compared
with the hind body.

Stilicolina n. gen.

In the peculiar opaque surface and very fine subgranuliform
punctuation, this genus resembles Omostilicus and the remark-
ably fine and obsolete sculpture of Eustilicus, mentioned by
Sharp, is probably similar. This type of sculpture is wholly
dissimilar from that prevailing in StiUcus. In the very sharply
elevated and entire prosternal carina and structure of the
labrum, >S'^^7^co?^na is wholly different from Omostilicus. We

Casey — A Revision of the American Paederini. 229

know at present but one species which may be described as
follows from the male : —

Elongate, rather slender, parallel, only moderately convex, dark red-brown
in color throughout the body and antennae, the legs slightly paler; lus-
tre dull, the elytra feebly shining; head rather longer than wide, the
posterior half almost evenly semicircular in form, the eyes rather small,
only slightly prominent and at about three times their length from the
base measured longitudinally; antennae scarcely one-half longer than
the head, somewhat thick, distinctly incrassate distally; punctures
feebly granuliform and close-set above, obsolete and very sparse on the
flat under surface; prothorax very densely punctured like the head but
rather more finely and strongly, the median impunctate line very fine
and scarcely entire, scarcely visibly longer than wide, three-fourths as
wide as the head, oblong in form, the sides obtusely angulate androunded
at apical fourth, thence just visibly converging and straight to the
broadly rounded basal angles and rapidly converging and feebly sinu-
ate anteriorly to the narrow neck, which is less than half as wide as
the broad truncate basal margin; elytra quadrate, parallel, fully as long
as wide, rather wider than the head and about a third wider and longer
than the prothorax, the punctures strongly and granularly asperate but
less dense than those of the prothorax; abdomen parallel with the sides
feebly arcuate, distinctly narrower than the elytra, very minutely,
densely, subasperately punctulate. Male with the fifth ventral almost
completely unmodified, the sixth with a very large and deep emargina-
tion, two-fifths as wide as the segment and somewhat wider than deep,
the notch transversely and feebly rounded at the bottom, with its sides
becoming almost parallel posteriorly. Length 5.7 mm. ; width 0.95 mm.
District of Columbia '. tristis Melsh.

This species does not seem to be at all abundant and most
of the known examples were taken by Mr. Ulke.

Omostiliciis n. gen.

This genus is also represented at present by a single species,
the largest of the subtribe known to me. It departs strik-
ingly from StilicoUna in its much larger head, very small eyes,
form of the gular sutures, for the greater part non-carinate
prosternum and structure of the labrum, but resembles it very
much in sculpture, coloration and sexual characters. In both
these genera the anterior tarsi are virtually undilated, even in
the male, and are clothed beneath more or less sparsely with
short stiff brown hairs, contrasting greatly with the dense

230 Trans. Acad. Sci. of St. Louis.

white spongy-pubescent sole in Stilicus. The generic type
may be described as follows : —

Moderately stout and convex, subparallel, evenly dark red-brown in color
throughout, the integuments densely dull in lustre, the abdomen alone
slightly shining; punctures of the head very flnely, densely and obso-
letely granuliform above, obsolete and sparse on the under surface v^hich
is simply densely micro-reticulate, of the pronotum finer, still denser
and stronger, of the elytra coarser, dense and rugose, of the abdomen
minute, asperulate and very close- set; head large, subpyriform, the
sides parallel and broadly, evenly arcuate, merging gradually into the
very broadly rounded basal angles, the base truncate in median half of the
entire veidth; eyes very small, not at all convex or prominent, at fully
four times their own length from the base ; under surface notably con-
vex, the sutures impressed; antennae rather long, moderately slender,
not distinctly incrassate, twice as long as the prothorax, the basal joint
much longer than the next two together; prothorax but slightly longer
than wide, three-fifths as wide as the head, the sides obtusely angulate
and rounded just behind apical fourth, thence rather strongly conver-
gent and nearly straight to the broadly rounded basal angles and rapidly
converging and nearly straight anteriorly to the neck, the apex about
half as wide as the base, the disk without trace of smooth median line;
elytra subquadrate, rather longer than wide, parallel and broadly arcu-
ate at the sides, four-fifths as wide as the head, only one -fifth wider and
about a fourth longer than the prothorax; abdomen parallel, broadly
arcuate at the sides, slightly narrower .than the elytra at base but as
much'wider than the latter at the middle of its length. Male with the
fifth ventral virtually unmodified, the sixth with a large, circularly
rounded sinus, occupying almost the entire apex and more than twice
as wide as deep. Length 8.0 mm.; width 1.4 mm. Arizona.

souorinns n. sp.

The description is drawn from the male throughout, this
being the only sex known to me at present.

Stilicopses.

This subtribe is, in some measure, intermediate between
the Stiliciand Sunii, having the free space between the corne-
ous floor of the anterior acetabula and the side-pieces of the
pronotum narrower than in the former, while in the Sunii
these parts are connate. On the whole, the species bear a
closer general resemblance to the Sunii than to the Stilici,
however, and the reality of this affinity is further affirmed
by the structure of the antennae and palpi, by the united

Casey — A Revision of the American Paederini. 231

gular sutures, tarsal structure and general type of sculpture.
The group is peculiar to the American continents and com-
prises the two following genera: —

Body small In size, shorter and rather stouter in form, the head having
coarse shallow polygonally crowded punctures, forming a reticulation,
the pronotum granularly punctate, the elytra and abdomen rugosely
punctured, the former more coarsely; head broadly arcuato-truncate at
base, the eyes moderate, prominent; labrum large, with short parallel
sides at base, the apex broadly angulate, with the angle truncate; an-
tennae rather short, slender, feebly incrassatedistally; ligula apparently
unmodified at apex; labial palpi very slender, the third joint very short,
aciculate; maxillary palpi long and well developed, the second joint
long, slender, with very short sparse stiff hairs, the third elongate- oval,
shorter than the second and more gradually narrowed toward base, the
apical cavity very small, the surface densely clothed with short fine de-
cumbent hairs, the fourth joint very small, obtuse and apparently
minutely pubescent; gular sutures forming a single cleft-like line; neck
between a fourth and fifth as wide as the head; prothorax circular, the
apex not prolonged at the middle; prosternum well developed before
the coxae, minutely and feebly carinulate throughout along the median
line, having a small transverse gutter just behind the apical margin;
elytra shorter than wide, with broadly rounded basal angles, the hind
wings probably obsolete; abdomen short and broad with arcuate sides,
the segments not impressed; legs somewhat slender, the tarsi short
and rather thick, the anterior not at all dilated, the posterior with the
first joint slightly less than half the entire length and more than twice
as long as the second, the third extremely short, much wider than long,
the fourth strongly lobed, including the lobe about as long as wide, the
lobe truncate, the fifth short and very slender, extending only slightly
beyond the apex of the lobe cf the fourth joint; claws small, slender
and feeble. Eastern North and Central America Stilicopsis

Body larger, more elongate and more convex, the upper surface throughout
simply and only moderately coarsely punctate; antennae very slender
and much elongated, only the last three joints gradually and feebly in-
crassate, the joints very slender, each swollen anteriorly toward apes;
labrum very large with the basal part rounded at the sides, the middle
three-fourths of the apex having the sides converging to the trans-
versely truncate median part, which is nearly one-half the total width;
eyes well developed, prominent; base more rounded; palpi and gular
sutures nearly as in Stilicopsis; neck barely a fifth as wide as the head;
prothorax elongate, rounded at the sides and gradually narrowed to-
ward base, the apex narrowly prolonged in the middle to the neck, this
lobe truncate at tip and narrower than the base; prosternum longer be-
fore the coxae, broadly constricted behind the apex, finely carinate
along the middle throughout; legs slender, the tarsi nearly as in Stili-
copsis but rather more slender and elongate, the basal joint relatively
still longer, constituting half the entire length. North and Central
American Atlantic coast Stamnoderns

232 Trmis. Acad. Sci. of St. Louis.

These genera differ greatly in the general facies of the
body, in the antennae, sculpture and form of the prothorax
but are closely related otherwise.

Stilieopsis Sachse.

The peculiar form of the prothorax, almost exactly circular
in outline, short elytra with diverging sides and broad convex
abdomen, will identify this remarkable genus at first glance.
Our single species may be briefly described as follows : —

Form parallel, moderately convex, pale luteous in color throughout, slightly
shining, subglabrous; head scarcely as long as wide, the eyes convex,
prominent, coarsely faceted and at somewhat more than their own
length from the base measured longitudinally, the sides circularly
rounded behind them to the neck; antennae distinctly shorter than the
head and prothorax, the latter feebly convex, densely granulose
throughout, the surface impressed at the sides behind the middle, equal
in width to the head ; elytra transverse, not quite as long as the pro-
thorax, at apex distinctly wider, coarsely, closely, rugosely punctate ;
abdomen at the middle wider than the elytra, finely, closely and ru-
gosely punctate, shining. Male with the fifth ventral broadly, paraboli-
caliy emarginale throughout its width, the sixth similarly emarginate
but more strongly; cleft of the seventh broad, the ligula parallel,
arcuato-truncate at tip; segmental .surfaces not modified. Length 2.6
mm.; width 0.58 mm. North Carolina (Asheville) and Florida.

paradoxa Sachse

The median line of the pronotum is very finely elevated or
cariniform. Other species occur in Mexico and the neotropical
regions.

Stamnoderus Shp.

The species of this genus are at least three in number in our
Atlantic states and may be readily distinguished from Stili-
eopsis paradoxa by the larger size and the peculiar form of
the prothorax. The antennae are of unique structure, the
singular swelling of the anterior side of the long and extremely
slender joints toward tip being doubtless of a special sensorial
nature. Individuals are not at all rare and the species repre-
sented by material before me may be distinguished by the
following characters — drawn from the female in each case : —

Casey — A Revision of the American Paederini. 233

Body black or piceous-black in color, the elytra aud last two ventral seg-
ments pale; legs and antennae very pale throughout; abdomen

broader 2

Body pale luteons in color throughout, somewhat smaller in size 3

2 — Form stouter, convex, shining throughout, the head and prothorax with
impressed close-set and rather feeble but distinct punctures, the elytra
more coarsely, deeply, rather closely, subrugosely and conspicuously
punctate, the abdomen finely, closely punctulate; head as long as wide,
abruptly narrowed before the eyes, the front parallel and rectilinear at
the sides; eyes prominent, at their own length from the base, the sides
behind them rapidly convergent and arcuate to the neck ; antennae rather
more than half as long as the body; prothorax longer than wide, dis-
tinctly narrower than the head, convex, the surface impressed at the sides
behind the middle, the median line narrowly smooth and slightly ele-
vated; elytra as long as the prothorax and a fourth or fifth wider,
scarcely as long as wide, the sides subparallel and broadly arcuate, the
base moderately oblique at the sides, with the angles obtusely rounded;
abdomen parallel, feebly arcuate laterally, only slightly wider than the
elytra. Length 3.8 mm.; width 0.68 mm. Virginia. ..monstrosus Lee.
Form more slender, similar in color, lustre and sculpture to monstrosus but
deeper black and less piceous; head longer than wide, less narrowed
before the eyes, the latter less prominent but of the same size, the sides
more strongly converging aud arcuate behind them to the neck; anten-
nae half as long as the body; prothorax narrower and more elongate,
only just visibly narrower than the head, otherwise nearly similar;
elytra much narrower, smaller in size, fully as long as wide, barely as
long as the prothorax and only about a sixth wider, the sides feebly
diverging, feebly arcuate, the base very oblique at each side with more
obtuse shoulder angles; abdomen relatively broader, parallel, arcuate
at the sides, much wider than the elytra. Male with sexual characters
nearly as in Stilicopsis, the fifth ventral feebly, subtriangularly emargi-
nate throughout the width, the sixth also more strongly and parabolically
emarginate throughout the width, the seventh with a broad slit, nar-
rowing toward base, the ligula broad, flat and truncate; female with the
sixth ventral very broad, obtusely rounded in circular arc at tip.
Length 3.9 mm.; with 0.65 mm. North Carolina (Asheville).

carolinae n. sp.
3 _ Body more parallel, shining, uniform and very pale in coloration
throughout; head nearly as in inonstrosus but more finely punctulate and
similarly impressed at each side of the front before the eyes, the latter
rather smaUer but equally prominent, at more than their own length
from the base; antennae more than half as long as the body; prothorax
as in carolinae; elytra parallel, arcuate at the sides, barely as long as
wide, nearly as in monstrosus, as long as the prothorax and much wider;
abdomen much narrower, parallel and almost straight at the sides and
not wider than the elytra. Length 3.5 mm.; width 0.6mm. Florida.

pallidas n. sp.

The conformation of the elytra is such as to suggest that
the hind wings may not be fully developed in this genus,

234 Trans. Acad. Set. of St. Louis.

though they are probably less vestigial than in Stilicopsis.
Like the latter genus Stamnoderus occurs also in Central
America. Monsirosus was originally assigned to Sunius.

SUNII.

This group or subtribe consists for the most part of the
single genus Sunius, one of the most widely distributed and
characteristic Paederid genera of the palaearctic and nearctic
regions of the world. There are a few other genera, especially
some peculiar to the neotropical regions, but none other ap-
pears to enter the fauna of America. In some features,
such as the structure of the tarsi, antennae and the general
habitus of certain forms, it apparently makes a closer ap-
proach to the Pinophilini than any other type of the Paede-
rini, but it can be stated quite positively that any such re-
semblances are merely superficial and fortuitous, for in the
structure of the prosternum, palpi, form of the head above
and beneath and many other characters these two types of
Staphylinidae are so widely separated as to indicate little or
no phylogenetic relationship. The three genera which happen
to be represented by material in my cabinet may be described
as follows : —

Labrum quadridentate, advanced and arcuate toward the middle, the teeth
broad and very strong, the median very much longer and more advanced
than the outer and each bearing a short stiff tactile seta laterally
near its acute apex, the outer teeth acute and nude; prosternum
transversely and broadly tumid, finely, longitudinally and rather feebly
carinate, the carina not crossing the transverse concavity just behind
the apical margin; hind tarsi almost as long as the tibiae, slender, the
basal joint about half as long as the remainder taken together; head as
in Sunius; eyes smooth, the facets not convex; sculpture throughout

very coarsely but not densely, simply punctate. Europe * Nazeris

Labrum bidentate ; eyes not smooth, each of the individual facets convex. . 2
2 — Labrum very short, broadly truncate, having a small median emargina-
tion, at each side of v?hich there is a short tooth in the form of a slender
truncated cone, a very small stiff tactile seta projecting axially from its
extremity, the edge just without each tooth broadly and arcuately lobed ;
prosternum thrown up in an acute transverse ridge at some distance
from the apical margin and separated therefrom by a narrow deep con-
cavity, the median line with a fine but acutely elevated, somewhat un-
even carina, which crosses the anterior concavity and attains the apical

Casey — A Revision of the American Paederini. 235

margin; hind tarsi rather elongate but distinctly shorter than the
tibiae, the basal joint much elongated but shorter than the remain-
der; head more or less broadly arcuato-truncate at base; sculpture
only moderately coarse, the head and pronotum strongly punctato-
reticulate, the elytra and abdomen asperately punctate; body more

or less slender. Europe, Asia and North America Snnins

Labrum advanced and prominent toward the middle, the teeth moderate in
size, broadly triangular, each with a longer and very slender seta project-
ing from its apex, the teeth separated by a moderate emargination, the
transverse bottom of which bears two very minute approximate den-
ticles, each of which has a long slender tactile seta projecting from its
apex; just without each of the principal teeth there is a small, angulate
emargination of the edge; prosternum long, nearly flat, not transversely
tumid but with a very small cariniform elevation paralleling and close
to the apical margin, the median line from this carina to the coxae
strongly carinate; posterior tarsi short, very much shorter than the
tibiae, the basal joint much elongated and as long as the entire remain-
der; anterior tarsi of the male thicker though scarcely dilated, the sub-
apical joints somewhat obliquely united, — suggesting Pinophilus ;
head prolonged and strongly rounded at base; sculpture of the head
and pronotum consisting of large reticulations of somewhat feeble lines,
of the elytra of distinct, rather coarse and sparse impressed punctures,
the abdomen obsoletely and very finely, sparsely punctulate. Central
America *Dibelonetes

The diagnosis of JSfazeris Faiiv., lias been taken from a
female of pallidipes Reit., and that of Dibelonetes Sahl., from
the male of a form which appears to constitute a variety of
the Central American fragilis Shp., from San Marcos,
Nicaragua.

I greatly regret not being able to study the genus Cteno-
mastax Kr., in order to determine its relationships, but this
remark also applies to several other described genera.

Suuius Erichs.

Numerous species of this genus, frequently closely allied
among themselves, occur throughout the continent and are
everywhere plentiful in individuals. They have in common
a very monotonous uniformity of habitus which, in connec-
tion with their small size, has caused them to be greatly neo--
lected by systematists. The ornamental coloration of many
forms is highly inconstant, especially so in the Texan incon-
stans, and, in americanus and some others, the abdomen,

236 Trans. Acad. Sci. of St. Louis.

which is generally of a dark testaceous with the last two seg-
ments black, may become wholly black, while in others, such
as discojmnctatus, the black color of the last two segments
never shows any tendency to spead anteriorly. Although
some are very variable, others, such as the longiusculus gromp ,
including the pale Sonoran species, appear to be quite con-
stant in the limited ornamentation that they possess. The
secondary sexual characters are very simple, consisting only
of a small deep and acute cusp-like emargination of the sixth
ventral and are but slightly diversified, rendering a satisfac-
tory classification of the species very difficult ; that suggested
below is merely provisional and a much better one may be
devised in the future. The twenty-one species in my cabinet
may be known by the following characters : —

Species of the Atlantic coast to eastern Texas and including the entire

Mississippi Valley 2

Species of the Sonoran province 15

Species of the true Pacific coast fauna, extending inland to the northward
as far as the Rocky Mountains 17

2 — Head invariably black or piceous-black 3

Head always pale in coloration 14

3 — Elytra pale, maculate with black, occasionally entirely black 4

Elytra completely pale in color, never maculate ■ 13

4 — Large species, not less than 4.4 mm. in length, the general color dark

throughout - 5

Small species, not exceeding 3.7 mm. in length when the abdomen is not
excessively extended 8

5 — Elytra distinctly longer than the prothorax 6

Elytra equal to or shorter than the prothorax 7

6 — Parallel, feebly shining, black throughout, and legs and antennae pale,

the elytra pale in apical fourth, the pale area increasing in length
inwardly, occupying almost apical half on the suture and extending
feebly along the latter to the base; sculpture of the head and pronotum
rather coarse, dense and somewhat longitudinally confluent as usual;
punctures of the elytra strong and rugose but distinctly separated, of the
abdomen finer but strong, asperulate and arranged in the usual trans-
versely wavy series; head large, slightly wider than the elytra, longer
than wide, the eyes convex and prominent and at slightly more than
their own length from the base; basal part behind them obtrapezoidal,
with the angles broadly rounded; prothorax oval, much longer than
wide, widest and broadly rounded at the sides at apical third; elytra
distinctly longer than wide, narrowed gradually toward tip, obviously
wider and longer than the prothorax; abdomen at base as wide as the
elytral apex, slightly wider posteriorly. Male distinctly more slender
than the female, with the head and prothorax larger when compared

Casey — A Revision of the American Paederini. 237

■with the elytra, the fifth ventral unmodified, the sixth with the acutely
angulate incisure large, its opening about a third as wide as the seg-
mental apex, its sides beaded and broadly arcuate posteriorly, its depth
rather greater than the width. Length 4.6-5.0 mm. ; width 0.65-0.7

mm. Virginia and Pennsylvania prolixus Er.

Parallel in form, resembling the preceding but a little stouter, the pale color
of the elytral apes extending less acutely anteriorly upon the suture,
the eyes more convex and prominent, situated at obviously more than
their own length from the base, the elytra broader and less elongate,
distinctly wider but only slightly longer than the prothorax, as wide as
the head; abdomen at base slightly narrower than the elytral apex,
gradually wider posteriorly, the punctures finer and denser than in
prolixus. Male with the acutely angulate incisure of the sixth ventral
very small, deeper than wide, its opening occupying scarcely a fourth
of the segmental apex, its sides broadly rounding posteriorly into the
segmental apex. Length 5.0 mm.; width 0.65 mm. Texas (Aus-
tin) strigilis n. sp.

7 — Form moderately slender, parallel, feebly shining, dark fusco-testa-

ceous in color, the head, a large elongate-oval cloud on each elytron and
the last two abdominal segments black, the latter color occasionally
involving the entire venter; legs and antennae very pale as usual; head
large, much wider than the elytra, the eyes rather small especially in
the female, situated at very much more than their own length from the
base, the basal parts of the head as in prolixus; prothorax large, oval,
elongate, distinctly narrower than the head; elytra notably small,
elongate, gradually narrowed toward tip, equal in width and length to
the prothorax; abdomen at base as wide as the elytral apex, becoming
gradually distinctly wider posteriorly, the sides straight as usual;
punctures of the elytra and abdomen rather coarser than in prolixus.
Male slightly more slender than the female but proportioned nearly
the same, the acute incisure of the sixth ventral smaller than in pro-
lixus, with its sides less broadly rounding posteriorly and its opening
width decidedly greater than the depth. Length 4.6-5.0 mm.; width
0.7 mm. New York to Virginia (Fort Monroe). \_=prolixus (Var.) Er.].

americanas n. sp.
Form narrower and more slender, parallel, dull in lustre throughout, black,

the apical third of the elytra — becoming apical half on the suture

pale, the legs pale; head relatively rather small, scarcely as wide as
the elytra, of the usual form, the eyes moderately convex and promi-
nent and at more than their own length from the base, the sides
behind them but feebly convergent, the angles less rounded than
usual; prothorax scarcely Visibly narrower than the head, but little
longer than wide, otherwise of the usual form and sculpture; elytra
scarcely longer than wide, very slightly wider than the prothorax and
not quite as long; abdomen at base not quite as wide as the elytra and
only slightly wider posteriorly. Length 4.4 mm.; width 0.58 mm.
New York linearis Er.

8 — Elytra subequal in length and width to the prothorax 9

Elytra much wider and longer than the prothorax 10

9 — Body very slender, linear and parallel, densely sculptured throughout,

238 Trans. Acad. Sci. of St. Louis.

the punctures of the elytra relatively very coarse and rugose, those of
the abdomen rather fine, black throughout, the prothorax sometimes
obscurely rufescent, the elytra pale in apical fourth, the pale area not
extending anteriorly along the suture except very slightly; head some-
what Tpider than the elytra; eyes convex, prominent, at about their
own length from the base; prothorax but slightly elongate, very little
narrower than the head, the sides rather strongly rounded behind
apical fourth, thence unusually convergent and nearly straight to the
broadly obtuse but distinct basal angles; elytra elongate, gradually
narrowed toward tip, just visibly wider and only very slightly longer
than the prothorax; abdon^en gradually broader posteriorly.- Male
with the deep and acutely angulate incisure of the sixth ventral deeper
than wide, moderate in size, with coarsely beaded sides and with the
opening scarcely a third as wide as the segmental apex. Length 3.7 mm. ;
width 0.52 mm. Rhode Island (Boston Neck) spectrum n. sp.

Body very slender and parallel, pale ochreo-testaceous in color, the head,
a spot on each elytron somewhat variable in size but situated at the
external margin behind the middle, and last two ventrals, black, in the
last case extending anteriorly onto the fourth segment as a rule; head
elongate, well developed, much wider than the elytra, the eyes moder-
ately convex and at their own length from the base; prothorax much
narrower than the head, slightly elongate, broadly rounded at the sides
anteriorly and only moderately narrowed thence to the base; elytra
elongate, but little narrowed posteriorly, just visibly wider and only
slightly longer than the prothorax; abdomen slender, gradually broader
behind. Male with the angulate notch of the sixth ventral moderate in
size, more broadly triangular than usual, with the side margins widely
beveled, the opening nearly one-half the segmental width and some-
what wider than the depth. Length 3.3-3.7 mm.; width 0.5 mm.
Iowa binotatus Say

10 — Prothorax unusually small, much narrower than the head. Body
moderately slender, black or piceous-black throughout, the elytra pale
in apical two-fifths at the sides and half at the suture, the legs and
antennae pale flavotestaceous; head large and well developed, a
little longer than wide, abruptly narrowed before the rather small
but strongly convex eyes, this part only about four-fifths as wide as
the part behind the eyes, the base broadly arcuato-truncate; pro-
thorax very small, elongate, three-fourths as wide as the head, the
sides broadly rounded anteriorly and thence unusually convergent to
the base; elytra large, but little longer than wide, not evidently nar-
rowed posteriorly, wider than the head, two-fifths wider and a third
longer than the prothorax; abdomen much narrower than the elytra
but wider than the prothorax, parallel, not distinctly wider posteriorly,
rather coarsely asperate. Male with the notch of the sixth ventral
rather large, much deeper than wide, somewhat parabolic in outline,
the angle very narrowly rounded, the edges strongly beaded, the pos-
terior angles slightly obtuse but scarcely rounded, the opening nearly
a third as wide as the segmental apex. Length 3.3-3.7 mm. ; width
0.65 mm. New York to Iowa cinctus Say

Prothorax well developed, only slightly smaller than the head 11

Casey — A Revision of the American Paedermi. 239

11 — Head large, nearly as wide as the elytra and not rery much longer
than wide. Body rather stout, parallel, pale ochreo-testaceous in
color, the head, a large internally roundedlspot on each elytron extend-
ing from basal fourth to apical sixth and from the side margin to
inner third, and the last two abdominal segments, black, the legs and
antennae very pale as asual; head of the usual form, but little narrower
before than behind the eyes, the latter moderate in size and promi-
nence; prothorax three -fourths to four-flfths as wide as the
head, longer than wide, of the usual form, the sides rather strongly
rounded at apical fourth, thence moderately converging and straight to
the broadly rounded basal angles; elytra large, only slightly elongate,
feebly narrowed at tip, a third wider and longer than the prothorax;
abdomen rather wide, gradually broader behind. Male unknown.

Length 3.5 mm.; width 0.6 mm. Iowa simulans n. sp.

Head smaller, much narrower and more elongate, distinctly narrower than

the elytra 12

12 — Form slender, rather shining, pale ochreo-testaceous, with the head, a
large internally rounded spot on each^elytron from basal fourth to apical
eighth and from the side margin [to inner fifth, and the last three
abdominal segments, black, varying to completely black, with the
elytral suture feebly and narrowly ruf escent, the legs and antennae always
pale honey-yellow throughout; eyes strongly convex and prominent, at
their own length from the base; prothorax short though longer than
wide, the sides strongly rounded at apical fourth, thence strongly con-
verging and straight to the basal angles, the side margins bristling
with several long stiff black setae; elytra distinctly elongate, feebly
narrowed at tip, two-fifths wider and longer than the prothorax;
abdomen at base slender, distinctly narrower than the tip of the elytra,
gradually slightly wider behind. Male with the fifth ventral feebly flat-
tened along the middle, the acute cusp-like incisure of the sixth large,
as deep as wide, with its sides broadly rounding outward posteriorly,
the edge only anteriorly and finely beaded, the opening fully half as
wide as the segmental apex. Length 3.3-3.7 mm.; width 0.5-0.55 mm.

Texas (Galveston) inconstans n. sp.

Form slender, nearly as in the preceding, pale testaceous In color, the head,
a larger but less elongate, internally rounded spot on each elytron, ex-
tending from basal third or two-fifths to apical eighth and from the
side margin to inner fifth or sixth, and the last two abdominal seg-
ments, black; head relatively still narrower and more elongate, the
eyes somewhat larger but less prominent and at rather more than their
own length from the base, the sides behind them rather less converging
to the broadly arcuato-trancate base; prothorax much more elongate,
the sides at apical fourth more broadly rounded and thence only feebly
converging to the basal angles, the side margins with only about two
stiff setae, one anterior and the other near the base; elytra nearly sim-
ilar but still more elongate, a third or fourth wider and longer than
the prothorax ; abdomen very slender, still more notably narrower at
base than the apex of the elytra, gradually perceptibly wider behind.
Male with the fifth ventral narrowly and feebly impressed along the
median line, the notch of the sixth very wide, the widely diverging

240 Trans. Acad. Set. of St. Louis.

arcuate sides extending almost throughout the width of the segmental
apex, with the edge not beaded but broadly beveled, the apical angle
not as acute as in the preceding and the opening width twice the depth.
Length 3.7 ram.; width 0.53 mm. Mississippi (Vicksburg).

oruatellas n. sp.

13 — Elytra small, subequal in length and width to the prothorax. Form

very slender and linear, almost perfectly parallel, pale ochreo-testa-
ceous in color, the head and the last two to three of the abdominal
segments black; head of the usual form, distinctly longer than wide,
well developed and distinctly wider than the elytra, the eyes moderate
in size and prominence; prothorax relatively large, longer than wide,
sensibly narrower than the head, the sides rather broadly rounded at
apical third or fourth, thence strongly converging and nearly straight
to the basal angles; elytra small, slightly elongate, only very slightly
narrowed at apex, equal in width to the prothorax and only just visibly
longer; abdomen rather broad, at base equal in width to the elytral
apex, and, posteriorly, wider than any part of the elytra. Male with
the fifth veutral narrowly and very feebly impressed along the middle,
the notch of the .sixth moderately large, its sides broadly fl iriug, arcuate
and broadly beveled, its opening equaling half of the segmental width
and its apical angle moderately acute. Length 8.0-3.7 mm.; width

0.5-0. .52 mm. Iowa breTipennis Aust.

Elytra larger, much wider and longer than the prothorax. Form stouter,
subparallel, pale ochreo-testaceous, the head and last two abdominal
segments black or blackish; head smaller, not quite as wide as the
elytra, the eyes much less convex and scarcely at all prominent, at
barely their own length from the base, the converging sides short be-
hind them, the angles broadly rounded; prothorax distinctly narrower
than the head, only slightly elongate, the sides rather broadly rounded
at apical fourth, thence but moderately converging and nearly straight
to the broadly arcuate basal angles; elytra slightly elongate, sensibly
narrowed near the apex, about a third wider and longer than the pro-
thorax; abdomen unusually broad, slightly wider posteriorly but
everywhere narrower than the elytra, rather finely, closely asperulate.
Male unknown. Length 3.4 mm. ; width 0.6 mm. Virginia (Norfolk).

fusciceps n. sp.

14 — Form very slender, subparallel, pale ochreo-testaceous throughout,

except the last two abdominal segments, which are black; head rather
small, elongate, distinctly narrower than the elytra, the ej^es convex,
prominent and at distinctly more than their own length from the base,
the sides behind them rather strongly converging to the moderately
rounded basal angles; prothorax but slightly elongate, obviously nar-
rower than the head, the sides rather broadly rounded somewhat
behind apical fourth, thence moderately converging and nearly straight
to the broadly rounded basal angles; elytra much elongated, distinctly
and gradually narrowed toward tip, a third or fourth wider and two-
fifths longer than the prothorax; abdomen moderately slender, at base
slightly narrower than the elytral apex and but little wider near the tip.
Male sensibly more slender than the female throughout the body and
bead, the fifth ventral unmodified, the sixth with a very acute cusp-

Casey — A Revision of the American Paeclerini. 241

like notch, having broadly arcuate, moderately flaring and broadly
beveled sides, the opening rather wider than the depth and rearly
half as wide as the segmental apex. Length 3.9 ram.; width 0 53 mm.
Rhode Island to Iowa, Nebraska and Texas. 1= centralis Aust.].

discopunctatns Say
15— Body slender, parallel, black or piceous-black in color throusrhout,
the legs and antennae pale; head elongate, nearly or quite as wide as
the elytra, the eyes moderate in size and prominence, at fully their
own length from the base, the sides behind them at first feebly converg-
ing, then broadly rounded into the more feeble arcuate base; prothorax
oval, slightly longer than wide, visibly narrower than the bead, the
sides broadly rounded anteriorly, thence only just visibly convergent
and very feebly arcuate to the broadly rounded basal angles, the sides
with an erect seta anteriorly and posteriorly; elytra moderate in size,
elongate, distinctly narrowed toward tip, a fourth or fifth wide r and
longer than the prothorax; abdomen moderately slender, but slightly
wider posteriorly. Male unknown. Length (strongly extended) 4.7

mm,; width 0.6 mm. New Mexico (Albuquerque) zuiii n. sp.

Body slender, pale ochreo-testaceous in color throughout, the last two ven-
trals never more than very slightly darker in color and never black
or blackish; head as wide as the elytra or extremely nearly so, of the
usual form; eyes unusually large but only very moderately convex, at a
little less than their own length from the base, the latter broad'y sub-
truncate with the angles broadly rounded; prothorax rather small,
very much narrower than the head, evenly ovoidal, broadly rounded
anteriorly, ihe sides thence rather strongly converging and nearly
straight to the subcircularly rounded base, the side margins with a sin-
gle seta anteriorly and posteriorly; elytra two-fifths to one-half wider
and longer than the prothorax; longer than wide, narrowed only very
near the apex; abdomen slender, at base much narrower than the
elytral apex, gradually perceptibly wider behind. Male with the fifth
ventral unmodified, the sixth with a very acutely angulate notch, having
nearly straight sides which flare into the apex through less than usually
arcuate angles, the opening not more than a fourth as wide as the
segmental apex and a little narrower than the depth. Length 4.2 mm. ;
width 0.55 mm. Arizona (Holbrook and Peach Springs) and New

Mexico, — Mr. Wickham arizoniauns i\ sp.

Body pale ochreo-testaceous throughout, the abdomen with the last two
segments black or blackish; prothorax broadly rounded at the sides
anteriorly, the side margin generally with two strong tactile setae

anteriorly and one near the base 16

16 — Form very slender; head elongate, slightly narrower than the elytra,
the eyes only moderate in size but strongly convex and prominent, at
obviously more than their own length from the base, the basal part of
the head behind them semicircularly rounded, with but slight traces of
median truncature; prothorax much narrower than the head, elongate-
oval, the sides moderately converging from the broadly rounded anterior
part to the subcircular base; elytra slightly elongate, gradually and
distinctly narrowed toward tip, two-fifths wider but scarcely a third
longer than the prothorax; abdomen very slender, at base distinctly

242 Trans. Acad. Sci. of St. Louis.

narrower than the elytral apex and but just perceptibly dilated poste-
riorly. Male with the fifth ventral unmodified as usual, the very acute
notch of the sixth cuspidiform, with its sides gradually more flaring
posteriorly and broadly arcuate, the opening about half as wide as the
segmental apex but scarcely as wide as the depth. Length 3.9 mm.;
width 0.58 mm. California (Yuma) and Arizona (Tu93on and Sta.

Rita Mts.) tennirentris n. sp.

Form nearly similar throughout to the preceding but obviously stouter in
every part, the eyes similarly moderate in size but very convex and
prominent, the basal part of the head behind them more broadly arcuato-
truncate at base and not semicircularly rounded; prothorax less elon-
gate but nearly similar in form; elytra slightly elongate, somewhat
wider than the head but less obviously so than in temiiventris , two-fifths
wider and longer than the prothorax; abdomen moderately slender, at
base slightly narrower than the elytral apex, distinctly dilated behind
and very much more obviously so than in the preceding species. Male
not at hand, the comparisons made from females exclusively. Length
4.1 mm.; width 0.65 mm. Texas (El Paso) and Arizona (locality not
recorded) similis Aust.

17 — Elytra much longer than the prothorax; abdomen never as wide as the

elytra, moderately punctato -asperate, the notch of the sixth ventral in
the male rather large, cuspidiform; body invariably slender, generally
pale in color; antennae filiform, only very slightly thicker toward tip as

usual 18

Elytra subequal in length to the prothorax, the body stouter, the abdomen
generally black, coarsely punctato-asperate and much wider than the
elytra; notch of the sixth ventral iu the male very small, triangular;
antennae strongly incrassate toward the tip - 19

18 — Abdomen broader, much wider than the prothorax. Parallel, dark

rufo-testaceous in color throughout, the last two abdominal segments
nubilously blackish; head elongate, of the usual form, equal in width to
the elytra, the eyes moderate in size, very convex and prominent, at
more than their own length from the base, the basal part broadly obtrap-
ezoidal, with broadly rounded angles and arcuato-truncate base; pro-
thorax rather small, longer than wide, much narrower than the head,
the sides obtusely anguiate and only slightly rounded anteriorly, thence
raiher feebly converging and nearly straight to the broadly subcircular
ba«e; margins with a black seta anteriorly and posteriorly; elytra longer
than wide, parallel, only slightly narrowed at the immediate apex, fully
a third wider and longer than the prothorax; abdomen at base much
narrower than the elytra, gradually enlarged toward tip. Male with
the fifth ventral unmodified, the acutely anguiate notch of the sixth
having gradually more widely diverging simple arcuate sides, the open-
ing nearly three-fifths as wide as the segment and wider than the
depth. Length 3.25 mm. ; width 0.6 mm. Montana (western), — Mr.

Wickham sectator n. sp.

Abdomen narrower, not distinctly wider than the prothorax even poste-
riorly. Parallel, dark brownish-testaceous in color throughout, the
head generally slightly darker than the prothorax and elytra and the
abdomen black toward tip; head moderately developed, perceptibly

Casey — A Revision of the American Paederini. 243'

elongate, slightly narrower than the elytra, the eyes at scarcely more
than their own length from the base, convex and prominent; basal part
behind them broadly obtrapezoidal, the angles well rounded as usual;
prothorax small, much narrower than the head, slightly longer than
wide, the sides rather narrowly rounded at apical third, thence dis-
tinctly converging and nearly straight to tbe rounded basal angles, the
side margins with a tactile seta anteriorly and posteriorly; elytra large
and much elongated, one-fourth longer than wide, with the sides
broadly arcuate, gradually feebly converging toward tip, two-fifths to
a half wider and three-fifths longer than the prothorax; abdomen at
base not evidently wider than the prothorax, becoming somewhat dilated
posteriorly. Male with the fifth ventral unmodified, the sixth with the
very acute cusp-like notch as deep as wide, its sides gradually more
widely flaring and broadly arcuate throughout, the opening a third as
wide as the segmental apex. Length 3.65 mm. ; width 0.6 mm. Cali-
fornia (San Diego to Humboldt and Lake Tahoe), Nevada (Reno),
Washington State (Spokane) and British Columbia (Victoria). [= tri-

signatus Boh. f ?) ] - longiusculns Mann.

19 — Head equal in width to the elytra, each elytron maculate with piceous.
Body stout, parallel, black — or paler from immaturity, —the elytra
alone pale flavo- testaceous, each with a small, posteriorly and in-vardly
oblique piceous cloud at its centre, the legs and antennae very pale as
usual ; head large, only very slightly longer than wide, the eyes rather
small but convex and prominent, at about one- half more than their
own length from the base, the sides behind them only very slightly
converging, then broadly rounding into the broadly arcuato- truncate
base; prothorax rather small, very much narrower than the head, longer
than wide, the sides broadly rounded anteriorly, thence moderately
converging and very slightly arcuate to the subcircularly rounded base,
the side margins with the usual tactile seta anteriorly and posteriorly
but small; elytra subquadrate, scarcely as long as wide, not narrowed
at tip, the eides feebly diverging from the base and nearly siraight,
two-flfths wider than the prothorax and very slightly longer; abdomen
broad, at base distinctly narrower than the elytral apex especially in
the male, at the apex of the fifth segment just visibly wider than any
part of the elytra. Male with the fifth ventral unmodified, the sixth
broadly arcuato- truncate at apex, with a small and acutely aogulate,
abruptly formed median notch, visibly deeper than wide, with its sides
straight and the posterior angles slightly obtuse but only very narrowly
rounded, the opening rather less than a fifth as wide as the segmental
apex. Length 3.6 mm. ; width 0.7 mm. Nevada (Reno) and California

(Lake Tahoe to Sta. Clara) robustulas n. sp.

Head much wider than the elytra in both sexes, the elytra immaculate.
Body moderately stout in form, black, the prothorax generally more
or less piceous, the elytra brownish-testaceous, the legs and antennae
pale; head large, sli;^htly elongate, very much wider than the elytra,
the eyes moderately large and prominent, at but little more than their
own length from the base, otherwise nearly as in rohustulus; prothorax
elongate-ovoidal, very much narrower than the head, the sides very
broadly rounded anteriorly, moderately converging and broadly arcuate

244 Trans. Acad. Sci. of St. Louis.

to the rounded base; elytra small, distinctly longer than wide, scarcely
more than a fourth wider than the prothorax and very slightly longer,
the sides subparallel, the basal angles unusually broadly rounded;
abdomen broad, at base but little narrower than any part of the elytra,
distinctly wider posteriorly. Male with the sixth ventral moderately
broad, arcuato-truncate, the acutely triangular notch small, somewhat
deeper than wide with its sides straight, its posterior angles obtuse and
slightly rounded with the opening between a fourth and fifth as wide
as the segmental apex. Length 3.3 mm. ; width 0.6 mm. California
(Sta. Cruz to Humboldt Co.) californicas Aust.

The coloration of the head in mature individuals appears
to be sufficiently constant to be utilized as a dichotomous
character, for in those species represented before me by large
series, such as discopu7ictatus , longiusculus, cinctus, pr-olixus,
inconstans and others, I have found it to be unvarying, no
specimen of discopunctaius^ for example, ever has the head
in the least dusky. The only doubt that need arise may be
due to immaturity of the black-headed species, but, as the
head and abdominal apex seem to be the first somites to
mature, there will probably be but few cases of uncertainty
even from this cause. The genus is abundantly represented
in New England and the Atlantic regions generally and the
forms run together rather closely, forming a difficult study.
Trisignatus Boh., is probably the same as longiusculus Mann.,
as the latter occasionally has a large feeble internally rounded
nubulosity on each elytron, which may sometimes become
more distinct.

In considering the species of the table in accordance with
their natural affinities, it should be stated that prolixus^
americanus, linearis, strigilis, spectrum, and zuni form one
group, cinctus a very distinct group by itself, as shown by
general form and by the nature of the secondary sexual
characters, binotatus, ornafellus, inconstans and simulans an-
other for the same reason, discojmncfatus, fuscicep>s, brevi-
pennis, arizonianus, tenuiventris, similis, sectator and longi-
usculus another, and, finally, robustulus and californicus form
a remarkably isolated group, peculiar to the true Pacific
coast fauna. Discopunctatus is very abundant everywhere
east of the 100th meridian and represents in these regions
the Pacific coast longiusculus, which has much larger elytra,

Casey — A Revision of the American Paederini. 245

a darker general coloration and differs in several other
characters. Coloration seems to be most constant in the
lo7igiusculus group and most unstable in the binotatus group.
The beetles of this genus run with very great rapidity when
disturbed, being relatively more agile in proportion to their
size than any other Paederids known to me.

ECHIASTERES.

The genus Echiastei\ and some others more or less closely
allied, form a group peculiar to the American continents and
greatly developed in the tropical regions of South America.
The Echiasteres are related to the Sunii by the closed anterior
coxal cavities, the corneous floor of which abuts closely against
the flanks of the pronotum, in certain features of general
habitus and sculpture, in the general structure and vestiture
of the maxillary palpi and in the united gular sutures, but
differ greatly in the very slender filiform tarsi with the fourth
joint not lobed, in the extremely short and posteriorly flexile
antennae, the apex of the very short basal joint being emar-
ginate posteriorly, in certain structural peculiarities of the
mentum and in several other directions. The sculpture is
not very coarse but extremely dense, so that the lustre is
densely dull, and the vestiture is in the form of very short,
thick, closely recurved pale hairs, entirely inconspicuous except
under considerable magnifying power. The two genera known
thus far to enter our territories may be defined as follows : —

Fifth and sixth ventral segments prolonged, narrow and subtubulate; eyes
very large and conspicuous, completely nude; body rather small and
moderately slender, the head well developed, orbicular, the labrum short,
broadly rounded at tip, with a small angulate median eraargination and
four equal small and broadly angulate teeth; antennae but little longer
than the head, the funicle slender at base, rapidly incrassate distally;
mentum small, transver^ie, the sides elevated, forming ridges which are
prolonged before the apex as slender aciculate processes, each bearing
a short axial apical seta; labial palpi small, slender, the maxillary well
developed with the second joint moderately stout, arcuate, short and
nude, the third oval, feebly compressed, finely and densely pubescent,
more arcuate anteriorly than posteriorly and longer than the second,
the fourth small, short, obliquely conical and pubescent, very incon-
spicuous; neck very slender, about a sixth as wide as the head ; protho-

246 Trans, Acad. Sci. of St. Louis.

rax small, elongate, suboval; prosternum well developed before the
coxae, evenly convex, not carinate; elytra parallel, well developed;
abdomen at base as wide as as the elytra, long, gradully tapering; legs
very slender, rather short, the anterior tarsi not in the least dilated,
the posterior very slender, filiform, two-thirds as long as the tibiae,
the joints cylindric, closely united, the basal joint subequal in length to
the next two together and rather longer than the fifth; claws small.

Warmer parts of North and South America Echiaster

Fifth ventral not much elongated, wider than long, the sixth small; eyes
very small, miuutely setulose; sculpture and lustre nearly as in Echias-
ter; body very small in size, slender; head well developed, oblong,
sinuate-truncate at base; labrum quadridenticulate, short, the median
teeth longer than the outer; antennae extremely short, not as long as
the head, nearly as in Echiaster; mentum small, transversely subquad-
rate, convex, the side margins bisetose, not distinctly elevated or pro-
duced, the anterior margin apparently finely denticulate at each side;
labial palpi very small, slender, the maxillary moderately developed
with the second joint arcuate, infiated distally, subglabrous, the third
longer than the second, securiform with its anterior side strongly
arcuate in the middle, the posterior nearly straight, the fourth joint
extremely minute and abbreviated but slender and aciculate; neck
relatively less slender, scarcely a fifth as wide as the head; prothorax
small, with more pronounced angles than in Echiaster, the elytra nearly
similar, the prosternum well developed before the coxae, carinate pos-
teriorly; legs short and slender, the tarsi nearly as in Echiaster. South-
ern Atlantic and Gulf States l.eptogeuius

The above diagnosis of Echiaster is drawn from our only
species, the very small ludoviciamis, to be described below,
and it is probable that other orenera and subgenera are repre-
sented among the numerous Brazilian species.

Echiaster Erichs.

The principal characteristic features of this genus are the
narrow, prolonged and frequently subtubuliform fifth and
sixth ventral segments and the extremely large eyes, which
are even more conspicuous or relatively larger than in
some species of Stenus. The only representative within our
boundaries may be described as follows : —

Form slender, moderately convex, densely dull in lustre, pale red-brown in
color throughout, the prothorax usually rather paler than the rest of
the body; head as wide as long, the eyes convex, prominent, at less
than half their own length from the base and half as long as the entire
head and labrum; sides behind them converging and strongly arcuate

Casey — A Revision of the American Paederini. 247

for a short distance to the rather broadly arcuato-truacate base; pro-
thorax less than three-fifths as wide as the head, distinctly elongate, the
sides subangularly rouaded at apical two-flflhs, the base nearly twice
as wide as the apex, the surface slightly elevated along the middle ;
elytra quadrate, parallel, as long as wide, equal in width to the head,
slightly longer than the prothorax and very much wider, the surface
rather depressed, somewhat coarsely, very densely, rugosely andgranu-
larly punctate, the suture not at all margined; abdomen at base as
wide as the elytra, still more coarsely, closely and rugosely punctate,
the last two segments becoming much more finely so and with the side
margin greatly reduced, the segments not impressed at base. Male
with the fifth ventral unmodified, the sixth with an abruptly formed,
subparabolic emargination, deeper than wide, about a third as wide as
the apex, with its bottom broadly rounded; ligula of the seventh white
in color and submembranous, subcyliudric, slender, with the apex
slightly expanded and truncate; female having the sixth ventral
obtusely and evenly rounded at tip. Length 2.8 mm.; width 0.5 mm.
Mississippi (Vicksburg) and Louisiana (Bayou Sara).

ladoTicianns n. sp.

The sexual characters are somewhat obscured in the only
male at hand by a hardened exudation filling the emargination
of the sixth ventral, so that I am not certain of the entire
correctness of the description; the white submembranous
ligula, however, is clearly defined and is radically different
from anything else in the Paederini that I have observed.

Lieptogenius Csy.

This genus is also represented by a single species thus far,
readily distinguishable from the preceding by its still smaller
size and more slender form, small eyes which are setulose and
not nude, oblong, and not orbicular, basally sinuato-truncate
head and normal terminal segments of the abdomen ; it may
be briefly described as follows : —

Body minute, slender, subparallel, only feebly convex, densely dull in lustre
and closely, somewhat coarsely and rugosely punctulate, pale red-
brown in color, the elytra generally darker except toward the sides and
base; head well developed, longer than wide, parallel at the sides, the
angles rounded, the eyes rather coarsely faceted and at between two
and three times their own length from the base, slightly convex and
prominent; antennae not quite as long as the head; prothorax small
though fully three-fourths as wide as the head, about as long as wide,
the sides subangulate and narrowly rounded at apical fourth, the base

248 Trans. Acad. Set. of St. Louis.

rather more than twice as wide as the apex, the median line but very
feebly prominent; elytra quadrate, parallel with the sides feebly
arcuate, as long as wide, about a third wider and nearly a fourth
longer than the prothorax, the elytra and abdomen sculptured as in
Echiaster. Male with the sixth ventral broadly rounded at tip, truncate
toward the middle, otherwise unmodified; female having the sixth
ventral broadly rounded or subanyulate at tip. Length 1.7 mm.;
width 0.3 mm. Texas (Galveston) to North Carolina (Asheville).

brevicoriiis Csy.

The extreme simplicity of the male sexual characters, as
described above, leads me to surmise that the specimens held to
represent the male may really be a slightly modified female ;
more material will be necessary to decide this however.
This species seems to have a very wide distribution, as no
diiferences, even of a varietal nature, can be observed be-
tween the original Galveston types and the Asheville speci-
mens before me. It is one of the smallest of known Pae-
derids.

NOTES.

1 — Bibliography is omitted in the present paper far various reasons, but
references to the original descriptions, in the case of the older authors, can
be obtained from the Munich catalogue, and, to those published between
the date of that work and 1883, from the catalogue of Duvivier, issued by
the Entomological Society of Belgium. But few species have been de-
scribed since the latter date and the bibliographic references of these can
be obtained very readily from the Zoological Record. There is one excep-
tion, however, which relates to the species of Paederi and Sunii described
by Austin, to which I can find no bibliographic reference whatever, either
in the Zoological Record or in the catalogue of Duvivier, and I am wholly
uninformed as to their place of publication. The representatives of those
species in my cabinet have been identified from the original types, which
are in the cabinet of LeConte at Cambridge, Mass.

2 — In the Henshaw list of 1885, one of Kirby's species is appended to the
genus Lathrobmm under the name puncticolle. I have not been able to
consult the original description, but the name may imply some relation-
ship with the genus Lobrathium, as a mere surmise.

ERRATA.

Page 69 — 6th line from top,/or " nineteen " read twenty-six.
Page 146 — bottom line, /or " horridaal " read horridnla.

Issued April 4, 1905.

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Transactions of The Academy of Scienoe of St. Louis.

VOL.. XV. NO. 3.

THE MOLLUSCAN FAUNA OF McGEEGOR, IOWA.

FRANK COLLINS BAKER.

Issued May 9, 1905.

THE MOLLUSCAN FAUNA OF McGREGOR, IOWA.*
Frank Collins Baker.

The 1904 Field Day of the Chicago Academy of Sciences
was held at McGregor, Iowa, where several members of the
Academy spent a profitable week during the mouth of July
studying the Fauna, Flora and Geology of this interesting
region. The ecology of the region is of more than usual
interest. Here are high bluffs more than two hundred feet
in height and several miles apart, between which flows the
great Mississippi River, whose broad expanse of water, here
almost a mile in width, rolls irresistibly on its journey to the
Gulf. The river is dotted with islands covered with foliage
and many of these islands have long sand or mud bars on the
lower ends which afford an inviting refuge for many mollusks,
particularly the Unionidae. Opposite South McGregor, which
is the locality more particularly studied, there are several
islands which have formed a perfect atoll, the narrow inlet
and wider interior basin being faithfully represented. Such
a station is especially adapted to the growth of mud-lovino-
mollusks, such as Anodonta, Vivipara and some thin-shelled
Lampsilis.

The geology of the neighborhood of South McGregor is
notably interesting. The bluffs are made up of sandstone,
limestone and shale, the strata belonging to the Ordovician
Age and including the Lower Magnesian Limestone, St.
Peter's Sandstone, Trenton Limestone, Galena Limestone
and, farther inland, the Marquoketa shales.

Land shells seemed unaccountably scarce, the abundance
of limestone and deciduous trees affording, apparently, desir-

Presentedby title to The Academy of Science, April 17, 1905.

(249)

250 Trans. Acad. Sci. of St. Louis.

able habitats. The smaller species seemed fairly abundant,
but the larger forms, with the exception of Pyramidula alter-
nata, were few and far between. On the Wisconsin shore,
where the river valley extends for a considerable distance be-
fore reaching the bluff, the land snail fauna is said to be
more varied and abundant. We had no time for investigating
this side of the river and I cannot therefore speak with any
degree of accuracy concerning this territory.

The craze for pearls, as well as the more legitimate fishing
for pearl button material, has well-nigh exhausted the mus-
sel beds in this region, and the huge piles of mussels on the
Wisconsin shore near Prairie du Chien bear silent but potent
witness to the fact that the mussel fishery in this part of the
river has seen its best day. We were told that several years
ao^o as many as fifteen hundred boats were engaged in the
mussel fishery but at tlie present time only about one hun-
dred were engaged in this work.

The fishermen spend the mornings in securing the clams by
means of the four-pronged "crowfoot" hooks, which, to
the number of a hundred or more, are attached by stout rope
to a long iron pipe or bar. The ropes are placed some four
or five inches apart and as many as four hooks may be strung,
six inches apart, on a single rope. The method of use is to
lower this crowfoot dredge from the boat and drag it over
the mussel bed. As the mussels lay in their natural position,
with their shells slightly gaping, the prong of the hook enters
between the two valves of the shell and the mussel closes
upon the hook and is thus pulled up. The writer has seen
twenty-five mussels caught in a single haul and the fishermen
say that over one hundred are sometimes obtained at a single
haul. Most of the shells are taken to the neighborhood of
Prairie du Chien where a number of the men have erected
cabins and clam sheds near the St. Paul railroad tracks. At
this place twenty to thirty boats may be seen drawn up on
the shore at noon and nearly a dozen rude stoves may be seen
boiling out the meat in the shells. When the clams have
been boiled they are thrown on a wooden bench and the meat
is carefully looked over for any possible pearls. The writer

Baker — The MolliLScan Fauna of McGregor, Iowa. 251

was permitted to buy about a bushel aud a half of clams for two
dollars but was cautioned not to take a pearl, only the shells
being salable. It was curious to see the value placed upon an
unopened clam. Offers of three, four or five dollars for a
small lot of freshly-caught, living clams were scornfully re-
fused. The value placed upon distorted or diseased clams,
called by the fishermen "cripples," was fairly ludicrous.
They have a belief that a cripple is almost always sure to con-
tain a pearl and they are not always disappointed in this be-
lief, for many distorted individuals do contain fine pearls.
Two beautiful pearls were shown the writer by a resident of
McGregor, one nearly a third of an inch in diameter and of
exquisite luster and color, being valued at fifteen hundred
dollars, and another smaller one at about three hundred
dollars. These had been recently secured from the clams
near McGregor.

The writer believes, after a careful study of the mussel
fishery at this place, that the large number of cripples en-
countered is due largely to the crowfoot dredge. Many
shells have the valves curiously distorted, as though broken
by accident, and it seems quite probable that youn^: mussels
which were broken by the hook should have grown and be-
come distorted in consequence of the injury. The broken
valves would also offer an effective means of commun-
ication to the inside of the clam, and sand, the eggs of
mollusks and parasitic animals could easily find entrance
and produce further distortion, or, perchance, a pearl or
two.

A sad and suggestive feature of the mussel fishery at this
place is the waste of shells which are of no value either for
their shells or as containing pearls, and are thrown upon the
shore when the catch is picked over. These consist of
Anodonta, thin-shelled Lampsilis, Alasmidonta and any small
or thin-shelled clam. In some places the shore is fairly paved
with these shells. Such wanton destruction grieves the true
naturalist.

It may be of interest to tabulate some of the species which
contained the greatest amount of abnormal pearly matter and

252 Trans. Acad. iSci. of St. Louis.

those that contained none, or only traces of pearly secre-
tions.

Pearl abundant. Pearl absent.

Lampsilis ventricosa. Lampsilis ligamentina.

Syniphynota complanata. Lampsilis recta.

Quadrula trigona. Plagiola securis.

Quadrula ebena. Plagiola elegans.

Unio gibbosus.
Quadrula plicata.
Quadrula pustulosa.

The Unio fauna was numerous in individuals but only thirty-
five species were secured. It is probable that a more ex-
tended study, covering several years, would bring to light
many additional species.

My thanks are due to Mr. A. B. Wolcott for collecting
many of the land shells, to Mr. W. H. C. Elwell for several
shells and a number of rough pearls, to Mr. Williams and to
Mr. W. K. Higley for assistance in collecting small land snails
on the hills west of McGregor, and to Mr. F. M. Woodrulf for
assistance in collecting the Unionidae. The small land snails,
Strobilops, Bifidaria, Helicodiscus and Zonitoides were col-
lected near a spring which issued from the shale on the side
of a hill about two miles northwest of McGregor, the land
belonging to Mr. Williams.

Catalogue of Species.
Class PELECYPODA.

Family Unionidae.

Lampsilis ventricosa Barnes.

Common. Nearly half the specimens of this species con-
tained pearly secretions of various sizes ; these were mostly
confined to the posterior end and were more abundant about
the posterior adductor muscle. One specimen has a knife-like
ridsre one and one-fourth inches long near the muscle scar.

BaJcer — The Molluscan Fauna of McGregor, Iowa. 253

A single specimen has an irregular piece of shelly matter
extending from the anterior border of the posterior adductor
muscle scar 42 millimeters into the central cavity of the shell,
which measured 110 millimeters in length and 60 millimeters
in breadth. The shelly matter is hollow and contained mud.
15 millimeters anterior to this curious appendage a rounded
pearl has been formed. Another specimen has the whole
posterior end flattened.

Lampsilis luteola Lamarck.

Common. One out of three specimens contained pearly
matter or baroque pearls.

Lampsilis ligamentina Lamarck.

One of the most common shells. Out of fifty-one speci-
mens only four contained indications of pearly secretions.
The nacre varies from white to pink and salmon. Distorted
specimens of this species are common.

Lampsilis orbiculata Hildreth.
Apparently rare.

Lampsilis anodontoides Lea.

Common. Twenty-five per cent contained pearls.

Lampsilis fallaciosa (Smith) Simpson.

Not common, apparently. The specimens from this locality
are brightly rayed ; one out of six contained pearly matter.

Lampsilis recta Lamarck.

Common. Large and fine. Only two specimens were
seen with pearly matter. The range of variation in nacre is
marked. Of fifteen specimens one was white, one salmon,
three mixed white and purple and ten were deep purple.

Lampsilis alata Say.

Common. A majority of the specimens contained pearly
secretions. One specimen had two pear-shaped lavender
pearls in the center of the shell near the hinge. Distortions
consisted principally of the flattening of one valve.

254 Trans. Acad. Sci. of St. Louis.

Lampsilis gracilis Barnes.
Common.

Obovaria ellipsis, Lea.

Common. Fifty per cent of this species bore pearly secre-
tions ; one specimen contained two pearls in the umbonal
cavity.

Plagiola securis Lea.

Not common. Pearly secretions rare.

Plagiola elegans Lea.

Common. No specimens were seen with pearly secretions.

Tritogonia tuberculata Barnes.

Common. Fifty per cent bore pearly secretions. Only
one specimen was distorted.

Obliquaria reflexa Rafinesque.

Common. Seventy-five per cent contained pearly secre-
tions.

Strophitus edentulus Say.

Common. Pearly secretions rare. Nacre pure white to
brilliant salmon. Distortions rare.

Anodonta grandis Say.
Common.

Anodonta grandis Say, Var. gigantea Lea.
Common.

Anodonta corpulenta Cooper.

Common. Diseased shells frequent.

Arcidens confragosus Say.

Common. Pearly secretions rare. Twenty-five per cent
of this species were distorted.

Symphynota costata Eafinesque.

Common. Nacre varying from white to salmon. No
pearly secretions.

Baker— The Molluscan Fauna of McGregor, Iowa. 2 55

Symphynota complanata Barnes.

Common. Eighty-seven per cent of the specimens of this
species contained pearls or pearly secretions.

Margaritana monodonta Say.

Very rare. Only two specimens were obtained from the
gigantic quantity of shells held by the fishermen, who call
this species the spectacle case.

Unio gibbosus Barnes.

Apparently not abundant. The nacre of the specimens
from this locality varies from white and lavender to deep
purple. No evidences of pearly secretions were found in
these shells.

Unio crassidens Lamarck.

Common. One small injured shell was collected.

Pleurobema aesopus Green.

Apparently rare as but one specimen was found.

Quadrula plicata Say.

Common. No pearly secretions were found in the shells
of this species, but several distorted shells were collected.

Quadrula heros Say.

Common. The nacre of this species varies from white to
white tinged with pink. Only a very few specimens showed
evidences of abnormal pearly secretion.

Quadrula lachrymosa Lea.

Not common. The specimens obtained are rounder than
normal lachrymosa. Only five specimens were obtained and
none of these showed pearly secretions.

Quadrula matanevra Kafinesque.

Only half a valve of this species was secured.

Quadrula pustulosa Lea.

Very common. Pearly secretions rare. These shells, of
which a large number were obtained, well illustrate the large

256 Trans. Acad. Sci. of St. Louis.

variety which this species exhibit in the pustulosity of its
shell, the extremes being perfectly smooth and densely pustu-
lose. Distortions rare.

QUADRULA PUSTULATA Lea.

Not common. 25 per cent contained pearly secretions.

QuADRULA TRIGONA Lea.

Very common. The nacre of the specimens from this lo-
cality varies from white to salmon-pink. Pearly secretions
are common, at least 70 per cent containing abnormal pearly
matter. One specimen contained an erect, sharp piece of
pearly matter extending across the middle of the anterior
muscle scar.

QuADRULA OBLiQUA Lamarck.

Very rare. Only one specimen secured.

QuADRULA EBENA Lea.

Very common. This is the pearl shell par excellence to
the mussel fishermen. Of those secured, 25 per cent con-
tained pearly secretions and one specimen had the left valve
badly diseased. Distortions rare.

QuADRULA GRANIFERA Lea.

Apparently rare. Only two specimens were obtained.
The nacre is of a peculiar deep copper color.

Class GASTROPODA.

Family Viviparidae.

ViVIPARA INTERTEXTA Say.

Common in the Mississippi River.

ViVIPARA SUBPURPUREA Say.

Common.

Campeloma INTEGRUM Dc Kay.
Common.

Baker — The Molluscan Fauna of McGregor, loioa. 257

Campeloma subsolidum Anthony.
Common.

Family Physidae.

Physa gyrina Say.

Common in creek near Pictured Rocks.

Family Pupidae.

Strobilops VIRGO Pilsbry .
Common.

Bifidaria armifera Say.
Only one specimen collected.

Family Succineidae.

SucciNEA retusa Lea.
Common.

Family Helicidae.

Polygyra clausa Say.
Common.

Polygyra thyroides Say.
Apparently not common.

Polygyra multilineata Say.
Not common.

Polygyra profunda Say.
Not common.

Polygyra hirsuta Say. i

Only two dead specimens found.

Polygyra monodon Var. fraterna Say.
Fairly common.

Family Circinariidae.

CiRCiNARiA coNCAVA Say.
Fairly common.

258 Trans. Acad. Sci. of St. Louis.

Family Endodontidae .

Pyramidula alternata Say.
Common.

Helicodiscus LINEATU8 Say.
Common.

Family Zonitidae.

ZoNiTOiDES arboreus Say.
Very common.

Issued May 9, 1905.

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Pottery. 1880. $2.00.
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Transactions of The Academy of Science bi iSt. Louis.

VOL.. XV. NO. 4.

PARAPHORHYNCHUS A NEW GENUS OF
KINDERHOOK BRACHIOPODA.

STUART WELLER.

"Issued May 9, 1905.

PARAPHORHYNCHUS, A NEW GENUS OF KINDER-
HOOK BRACHIOPODA.*

Stuart Weller.

In the Kinderhook faunas of the Mississippi Valley there
are several species of rhynchonelloid shells which have
always been referred either to the genus Rliynchonella or
Pugnax, which seem to possess characters of good generic
value. There has always been more or less confusion in the
specific determination of these forms, Rliynchonella striato-
costata being the only one which has ever been adequately de-
scribed, and even this one has been confused with Pugnax
missouriensis which is entirely distinct and belongs to a dif-
ferent genus. All of these shells are of rather large size, are
coarsely plicate, usually with simple plications, and have the
entire surface covered with very fine radiating striae. Inter-
nally they resemble C amarotoechia far more closely than
Pugnax, the genus to which they were referred by Hall and
Clarke. Because of the finely striated surface of the shells
and their rhynchonelloid form, they may be called Parapho-
rhynchus.

Three species of the genus are recognized in the Kinder-
hook strata of the Mississippi valley, P. elongatum n. sp., a
form which has not hitherto been noticed, P. striatocostatum
M. & W., and P. transversum n. sp., which has been referred
to both P. striatocostatum and Pugnax missouriensis in the
literature. In addition to these, two forms from the Waverly
beds of Warren County, Pennsylvania, have been described
by Simpson f as Rynchonella medialis and Rliynchonella
striata which may be placed with the three species from the
Mississippi Valley.

* Presented by title to The Acad, of Sci. of St. Louis, April 17, 1905.
t Trans, Am. Phil. Soc, vol. 15, p. 444.

(259)

260

Trans. Acad. Sci. of St. Louis.

PAEAPHORHYNCHUS u. gen.

Shell rostrate, or rather large size, coarsely plicate with
usually simple plications which extend nearly to the beak,
with a deep sinus in the pedicle valve and an elevated fold in
the brachial valve of the mature shell. Surface of both
valves marked by very fine longitudinal striae which increase
by bifurcation and intercalation. In the interior of the

5 G 7

Figures 1-7. A series of sections through the shell of Paraphorhynchus
elongatum, showing the structure of the hinge-plate with its cruralium-like
cavity, the medium septum and the crura of the brachial valve, and the
dental lamellae of the pedicle valve.

pedicle valve there is a pair of vertical dental lamellae which
support the teeth and extend forward into the cavity of the
valve and between which there is a narrow muscular scar. In
the brachial valve a strong median septum supports poster-
iorly a hinge-plate with a median cruralium-like cavity,
anteriorly each lateral division of the hinge-plate is produced

Weller — ParapJiorJvjnchus, Genus of Kinderhook Bruchiopoda. 261

into the cavity of the shell as a crural process, and the
median septum also continues forward towards the front of
the shell beyond the cruralium-like hinge-plate. Cardinal
process wanting. Shell structure fibrous, not punctate.

The members of this genus differ exteriorly from Pugnax
with which they have usually been placed, in the longitudi-
nally striated shell surface, and in the more strongly plicated
shell with the plications extending nearly to the beak. In-
ternally the characters of the shell resemble Camarotoechia
rather than Pugnax, the strong median septum of the brachial
valve with its cruralium-like hinge-plate being absent in the
typical forms of Pugnax.

Paraphorhtnchus elongatum, n. sp.

PL 1. f. 1-5.

Shell lonjrer than wide, broadest in front of the middle,
in the posterior region both valves are convex, the fold and
sinus of the mature shell originating at or back of the middle
of the shell, in the posterior half of the shell the lateral sur-
faces are flattened and non-plicate, the flattened area becom-
ing concave as it approaches the beaks, the line of junction
between the two valves being in the bottom of the concavity.
The coarser surface markings consist of from ten to fourteen
rounded radiating plications, twelve being the usual number,
with a few concentric lines of growth which are often nearly
or quite obsolete. In rare instances one of the radiating
plications is seen to bifurcate in the anterior portion of the
shell. The five median plications are usually depressed in the
sinus of the pedicle valve with a corresponding number ele-
vated in the fold of the brachial valve, the two lateral plica-
tions in both fold and sinus frequently becoming obsolete
before reaching the anterior margin. The minute surface
markings consist of fine radiating striae and still finer
concentric striae. The radiating striae can be clearly seen
with the naked eye, four or five of them occupying the space
of one millimeter, they are nearly or quite obsolete upon the
flattened lateral surfaces of the valves. The concentric
striae are much finer and can only be seen with the aid of a

262 Trans. Acad. Sd. of St. Louis.

maguifying orlass- Upon those specimens from which the
shell substance has been removed, the impressions of the
vascular sinuses are well developed. The internal structure
of the shell is as has been described in the definition of the
genus.

None of the type specimens of this species are perfectly
preserved so that the dimensions given below are approximate
rather than exact. The largest specimen has a width of
29 mm., an approximate length of 42 mm., and a thickness
of 26 mm. A smaller specimen has a width of 24 mm., a
length of 36 mm., and a thickness of 22 mm. The average
rostral angle as determined from the eleven specimens ex-
aximed which are complete enough for measurement, is 73.5°.

Locality. The cotypes of the species (Pal. Coll. Walker
Museum No. 7800; 13 specimens), are from a dove-colored,
Kinderhook limestone occurring on the South Fabius river,
in the south-eastern corner of Knox County, Missouri.

Paraphorhynchus striatocostatum (M. & W.).

PI. l,f. 6-11.

1868. Rhynchonella Missouriensis , Meek and Worthen,

Geol. Surv. 111., vol. 3, p. 450, pi. 14, figs. 7a-d.
1868. RhyncJtoneUa striatocostata, Meek and Worthen,

Geol. Surv. 111., vol. 3, p. 452.
1895. Pugnax striato-costata, Hall and Clarke, Pal. N.

Y., vol. 8, pt. 2, p. 204.
1895. Pugnax missouriensis, Hall and Clarke, Pal. N. Y.,

vol. 8, pt. 2, pi. 60, figs. 33-34.

1897. Pugnax striaticostata, Schuchert, Synop. Am. Foss.
Brach., p. 336 (in part).

1898. Pugnax striaticostata, Weller, Bibliog. Index N. A.
Carb. Inv. p. 517-518, (in part).

1900. Pugnax striaticostata, Weller, Ann. Rep. la. Geol.
Surv., vol. 10, p. 76.

1901. Pugnax striaticostata, Weller, Trans. St. Louis
Acad. Sci., vol. 11, p. 154, pi. 13, figs. 14-16.

Shell about as long as wide but varying a little in either
way; broadest at about the middle. The pedicle valve shal-

Weller—Paraphorhynchus, Genus of Kinderhook Brachiopoda. 263

lower than the brachial, flattened on the umbo; the fold and
sinus originating much nearer the beak than ini?. elongafum,
the lateral slopes of the shell concave towards the beaks. The
coarser surface markings consist of from nine to eleven strong,
rounded, simple plications, and a few more or less irregularly
developed concentric lines of growth which are sometimes
almost obsolete ; of the radiating plications, three or four,
rarely two only, are included in the sinus of the pedicle valve
which becomes deep toward the front, the median portion of
the valve being produced toward the brachial valve in a lingual
extension. The minute surface markings consist of fine radi-
ating striae which cover the surface of both valves, about
four or five occupying the space of one millimeter. Fine
concentric striae are also present but they can only be detected
by the aid of a magnifying glass and are frequently quite
obscure, never being so conspicuous as upon /*. elongatum.

The dimensions of a very perfect specimen from Burling-
ton, Iowa, are: length 22.5 mm., width 23 mm., thickness
15 mm. The dimensions of a Pike County, Illinois, specimen
are: length 25.5 mm., width 26 mm., thickness 18 mm.
The average rostral angle of five specimens is 98".

This species may be easily distinguished from P. elongatum
by its smaller size, its greater proportionate width, its shal-
lower pedicle valve and its greater rostral angle.

Localities. Meek and Worthen's type of this species is
recorded from Kinderhook, Pike County, Illinois. The spe-
cies also occurs in beds 3 and 4 (Weller 1899), of the
Kinderhook section at Burlington, Iowa. The specimen
illustrated by Hall and Clarke as Pugnax missouriensis is said
to have come from Pike County, Missouri, and Prof. R. E.
Rowley, of Louisiana, Missouri, has informed the writer that
he has collected the species in its typical form, from the
Louisiana Limestone of that county. The specimens here
illustrated are from Pike County, Illinois (Pal. Coll. Walker
Museum, No. 6711), and are probably from Kinderhook, the
type locality of the species; and from Burlington, Iowa (Pal.
Coll. Walker Museum, No. 6658), bed No. 4 of the Kinder-
hook.

264 Trans. Acad. Sci. of St. Louis.

Paeaphorhynchus tkansversum n. sp.

PI l,f. 12-15.

1895. Pugnax missouriensis, Hall and Clarke, Pal. N. Y.,
vol 8, pt. 2, pi. 62, figs. 44-45. (Not Rliynchonella
missouriensis Shumard, 1855.)
1900. Pugnax striaiicostata var.?, Weller, Ann. Rep. la.
Geol. Surv., vol. 10, p. 71. (Not Rhynchonella
siriatocosiata M. & W., 1868.)
1900. Pugnax sti'iaticostata var.?, Weller, Trans. St. Louis

Acad. Sci., vol. 10, p. 72, pi. 2, figs. 16-17.
Wider than long, the pedicle valve much less convex than
the brachial, the fold and sinus originating on the umbo,
nearly at the beak. In the number and form of its radiating
plications and striations this species closely resembles P.
sii'iatocostatum, but its proportionate width is always greater
than that species and it attains a larger size at maturity The
dimensions of a nearly perfect specimen from Burlington,
Iowa, are: length 24.5 mm., width 30 mm., thickness 21 mm.
The average rostral angle of five specimens is 114.5°.

Localities. This species occurs in the yellow sandstone of
the upper portion of bed No. 2 of the Kinderhook section at
Burlington, Iowa, where it is a member of the Chonopectus
fauna. It also occurs in the yellow Kinderhook sandstone at
Kinderhook, Illinois, in a bed about 25 feet below the summit
of the formation, and in the English River grit, at Maples'
Mill, near Wellmau, Washington County, Iowa.

EXPLANATION OF PLATE.

Paraphorhynchus elongatum n. sp., Figs. 1-2, pedicle and brachial views
of one specimen. Figs. 3-4, similar views of another specimen. Fig. 5,
lateral view of a third specimen. All from Knox County, Missouri.

Paraphorhynchus striatocostatum (M. &W.), Figs. 6-8, pedicle, brachial
and anterior views of a specimen from Pike County, Illinois. Figs. 9-11,
pedicle, brachial and lateral views of a specimen from bed No. 4, at Bur-
lington, Iowa.

Paraphorhynchus transversum n. sp., Fig. 12, a pedicle valve from Kinder-
hooli, Illinois. Figs. 13-15, pedicle, brachial and anterior views of a
specimen from bed No. 2, at Burlington, Iowa.

Issued May 9, 1905.

Trans. Acad. Sci. of St. Louis, Vol. XV.

Plate I.

V

Ihm

I

10 11 15

P.VRAPHORIIYN'CHUS, A NEW GENUS OF KINDERHOOK BRACHIOl'OUA.

PUBLICATIONS.

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MKMOIHS (in quarto).
Oontribntions to the archaeology of Missouri, by the Archaeological Section. Part I.

Pottery. 1880. $2.00.
The tot.%1 eclipse of the sun, January 1, 1889. A report of the observations made by the

Washington University Eclipse Party, .it Norman, California. 1891. $2,00.

* Supply exhausted.

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I Each number is a brochure containing one complete paper (or rarely two).

)4^
Transactions of The Academy of Science of St. Louis.

VOL. XV. No. 5.

THE BACTERIOLOGICAL EXAMINATION OF RIVER

WATER.

WALTER C. G. KIRCHNER.

Issued August 5, 1905.

AUG

THE BACTERIOLOGICAL EXAMINATION OF
RIVER WATER.*

Walter C. G. Kirchner, A.B., M.D.

It was while employed as assistant Bacteriologist in the
Health Department of St. Louis, engaged in the examination
of the water of the Mississippi, the Missouri and the Illinois
rivers, and of the Chicago Drainage Canal, that opportunity
was offered for making certain observations which form the
basis for this paper. With few interruptions I was engaged
in this bacteriological work for a period of about two years
extending from September, 1899, to December, 1901.

The bacteriological investigation of these streams was
undertaken under the supervision of Dr. Amand Ravold,
formerly City Bacteriologist, and, besides myself, there were
also engaged in the work Mr. George A. Johnson, Dr. C.
A. Snodgras and Dr. Wm. H. Rush.

In dealing with this subject the object of the writer is not
so much to present data which are absolutely new, but rather
to show to those not familiar with the subject what is implied
by a bacteriological water examination and to point out cer-
tain difficulties which are encountered not only in making
bacteriological tests, but also in the interpretation of the
results of such analyses. The public, as a rule, is very slow
in giving proper consideration to a municipal water supply,
and is mostly interested in the results or effects of the water
on the community, while scientists, more particularly chem-
ists, bacteriologists, and sanitarians who have to deal with
these problems, are interested not only in the results, but also
in the causes which contribute to make the water bad or
wholesome. The public merely wishes to know if the water
is good. The scientist, moreover, is expected to determine
ivhy the water is good or bad, and if bad, he is urged to
recommend measures so that the proper remedy be applied.
In certain cases the examination may be a very simple mat-

* Read before The Academy of Science, December 19, 1904.

(265)

266 Trans. Acad. Sci. of St. Louis.

ter, as, for example, in testing the water from wells, or
estimating the efficiency of a filter; but when we are dealing
with the waters of a river system, problems of the most
complex character will often arise.

It must be borne in mind that in an investigation along bac-
teriological lines, we are dealing with living matter. That
bacteria are present not only in water, but also in the air
and soil, and in fact they are so widely distributed that we
may consider them present wherever organic matter is found.
Certain bacteria are pathogenic or disease producing, but the
vast majority are harmless and take an active and most impor-
tant part in the life history and development of the universe.

Without the activity of bacteria, plant life could not well
exist, for it has been found that the nitrogen so essential to
metabolism is m great part supplied through the agency of
certain bacteria which are present in decaying matter. Sew-
a<^e contains countless numbers of bacteria, which through
their activity and the action of their enzymes, produce grad-
ual but definite changes in the organic matter. These
changes in the organic matter taking place by definite steps
are what is ordinarily called "decay" or putrefaction, and
when due to bacteria are designated by the term bacterio-
lysis in contradistinction to the term hydrolysis which is used
to desit^nate similar changes when due to the action of
chemical accents. As a common illustration of such changes,
the waste product, urea, may be taken. By the action of
certain bacteria (M. ureae) a fermentative process takes
place in which urea in the presence of water is converted into
ammonium carbonate. The changes may be represented thus :

NHs
p^^ + 2 HjO= (NH4)2C08.

\NHs

In sewage and in soil, other bacteria being present, addi-
tional changes known as nitrification take place. In the
successive changes a process of oxidation occurs in which, in
the case of certain substances, ammonium compounds are
formed, and these in turn are further converted to nitrites
and to nitrates. In the form of nitrates plants are capable

Kirchner — Bacteriological Examination of River Water. 267

of utilizing the nitrogen, and, in conjunction with other
elements, of elaborating it into plant tissues which may serve
as food for animals and for man. The bacteria, acting upon
dead organic matter and upon the waste products of meta-
bolism, convert the nitrogen compounds into a form which
again becomes available for the growth of plant and animal
life. It must be evident that the part which bacteria play in
this cycle of changes is not only important but essential for
life activity, and in the problem of sewage purification these
phenomena must receive proper consideration.

A river-basin, representing the lowest level for the region
through which it flows, is the natural receptacle for all waste
products. The variety of the material which finds its way
into a river is very great, and the circumstances and elements
which unite to modify the condition of a river are so numer-
ous, that it should not be surprising that often great diflScult-
ies are encountered, not only in obtaining definite results, but
also in arriving at their proper interpretation. In order, there-
fore, to fully understand the subject of pollution of streams
by sewage, it would be necessary to have at least a thorough
knowledge of the scope and methods of a bacteriological
examination.

Before any bacteriological work can be satisfactorily under-
taken, it is essential that the laboratory equipment be adequate
and that the assistants be competent and capable of attending
to their respective duties. It is necessary that all persons
connected either with the collecting, handling or examination
of samples, and that all persons working in the laboratory be
imbued with what might be called the " bacteriological idea."
By this expression is meant a thorough knowledge and appre-
ciation of the fundamental principles of bacteriology ; for no
trustworthy work can be done, unless all persons engaged in
the undertaking understand the objects and methods of steril-
ization and appreciate the sources and means by which a
sample of water or any portion of the work may be contami-
nated. Reliable results are obtainable only with unity of
purpose, uniformity of methods, and interdependence of those
engaged in the undertaking.

268 Trans. Acad. Sci. of St. Louis.

Collection of Sample. — The collection of satisfactory and
averao-e samples of water is an important part of the work
and at times offers great difficulties. In taking the sample
one should avoid the scum and debris, and it is better to col-
lect the sample from one to three feet below the surface of
the water. Wide mouth bottles with glass stoppers, having
a capacity of 150 c.c. are most suitable for the purpose.
Simplicity and reliability of collection, especially when this
work is intrusted to persons who are not bacteriologists, is an
important consideration, and in order to overcome some of
the difficulties incident to the collection of samples of river
water, I invented in 1899 an apparatus, as shown in Figure I.,
and which may be described as follows : —

The apparatus is made almost entirely of brass tubing and
consists essentially of two upright supports which are held in
place above and near the middle by means of two cross-
pieces, and at the ])ottom by means of a plate or base, which
supports the bottle. The two cross-pieces give attachment
• to a tube, which serves as a handle. Through the entire
length of the handle passes a snugly-fitting brass rod, to the
lower end of which is attached a spiral spring and a clamp,
which is provided with a thumb-screw. When the bottle is
in position the brass rod and the axis of the bottle are in the
same line. The liottle is held firmly in position by means of
an armed ring, which passes freely over the top and rests
upon the body of the bottle, so that by pressing downward
on the ring and securing it by means of the thumb-screw to
the support, the bottle will be held firmly in position. There
are also three pins on the plate at the l)ase, which prevent the
bottle from sliding. The handle is provided with a stirrup-
like arrangement, which aids in holding the apparatus when
it is lowered into the water. By fastening a cord to the rod
and a wire or chain to the stirrup, the apparatus may be low-
ered to any desired depth. Fastened to the side of the
apparatus is a glass tube, the bottom of which is sealed, but
the top of which is provided with a stopper, to which a cord
IS attached. This tube contains the thermometer.

The bottle having been secured in position and the clamps

Fig. 1.

Kirchner — Bacteriological Examination of Biver Water. 269

adjusted around the stopper, the apparatus may be lowered
into the water. By pulling the rod the stopper will be raised
and the water will enter the bottle. On releasing the hold on
the rod, the spring returns the stopper into the neck of the
bottle. The stopper of the tube which contains the ther-
mometer having also been removed, the apparatus may be
withdrawn from the water.

The apparatus has the advantage that it may be operated
with one hand- It is firm and simple of construction, and,
although subjected to rough usage, has given entire satisfac-
tion. A similar but larger apparatus has been used for
taking samples for chemical analysis.

The bottle for the collection of samples should have a well-
fitting stopper, and the top having been wrapped with lead-
foil and a cloth, the bottle should be sterilized. After
collecting, the lead-foil and cloth should be replaced, and the
bottle should be placed in a clean can and packed in ice.
Each sample should be properly labeled, and should bear the
date, location, temperature of air and of water, name of col-
lector, and other special data.

Transportation of Samples. — The samples having been
collected, they should be examined at once, or, if this is not
possible, they should be transported to the laboratory with
the greatest possible dispatch. It is essential that the samples
be kept not only " cold," but their temperature while in
transit should be kept at or near the freezing-point by packing
them in ice. It is well-known that bacteria in samples of
water generally multiply and reach enormous numbers under
favorable conditions of growth, but in order to obtain definite
information on this point, I made a number of tests which
illustrate of how great importance the factors of time and tem-
perature are in arriving at the actual conditions of the water.

Samples arriving at the laboratory were plated immediately
for a quantitative determination and were then placed in that
compartment of a household refrigerator where the ice is
kept. The samples were replated on the next day after an
interval of nineteen to twenty-four hours. Sixty-six tests
were made in this manner, but for illustration it will be
necessary only to give a portion of the results. (Table I.)

270

Trans. Acad. Sci. of St. Louis.

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P3
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Kirchner — Bacteriological Examination of River Water. 271

The tests gave results that were extremely erratic. While
in the vast majority of cases there was a great increase in the
number of bacteria, in certain instances the increase was
either slight or the number of organisms had actually dimin-
ished. This was particularly true in those samples that
originally contained large numbers of bacteria.

Experiments were also made to determine the effect of
transportation under conditions that were most satisfactory.
In order to carry out these tests the samples were plated
immediately at the place where they were collected, and were
then packed and kept on ice until they were replated on the
following day. The comparative results are shown in the
following table : —

272

Trans. Acad. Sci. of St. Louis.

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Kirchner — Bacteriological Examination of River Water. 273

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274 Trans. Acad. Sci. of St. Louis.

/Series A. This represents the results of a steamboat trip
which was made Aug. 2, 1900. The samples were plated
immediately after collection. They were surrounded by ice
and transported to the laboratory where they were placed in
the ice box next to the ice. They were replated on the next
day.

/Series B. Steamboat trip Aug. 16, 1900. Samples plated
on the boat and again on the following day. The samples
were kept on ice until plated the second time.

/Series C. Steamboat trip Aug 30, 1900. The samples
were plated on the boat immediately after collection and
again on the next day. Care was taken to keep samples near
the freezing-point by packing in ice.

It is to be noticed in this series that at certain places two
separate samples were taken, one deep and the other near the
surface of the water. In all of these samples B. coli com-
munis was found.

Series D. Steamboat trip September 20, 1900. Samples
were plated on the boat, were packed and kept in ice until
replated on the next day.

From this table it will be noticed that the numbers of bac-
teria at the second plating had in most cases not increased
and in fact there was in certain instances a decided numerical
decrease.

It was also desirable to know what eifect the immediate
chilling of a sample would have on the number of bacteria.
A few of the results of an effort to determine this are col-
lected in the f ollowinsf table : —

Kirchner — Bacteriological Examination of River Water.

275

H

H
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276 Trans. Acad. Sci. of St. Louis.

It must be clear from the foregoing illustration that unless
the samples are collected and transported with the greatest
care, the results obtained may be far from the truth. It is
usually not possible nor convenient to test samples at the
place of collection. I have on a few occasions plated samples
on the field and the same samples again at the labora-
tory under favorable conditions of transportation, and
the results on comparison have always been within the
limits of error or variation. Except under favorable
conditions, it is better, in routine work, to have all
samples sent to the laboratory when it is possible to have
them properly shipped in ice. While the experiments on the
effects of transportation were carried out independently, the
results and conclusions are, for the most part, in accord with
those obtained by other observers (Jordan and Irons, 1899 ;
Whipple, 1901). Samples of water that are chilled will often
show a decided decrease in numbers, while the same quality
of water collected during cold weather and subjected to
similar treatment will often show an increase in the number
of bacteria. It is also true that waters from different
sources do not behave in the same way regarding conditions
of temperature.

Reception of Sample. — The sample upon its reception
should receive immediate attention and should not be handled
except by the person who is to make the examination. Careful
notes should also be made as to the condition in which the
sample was received.

Examination of Sample. — Aside from observations on the
physical properties of the water, — odor, color, turbidity,
sediment, temperature, etc., the bacteriological examination of
water divides itself into: (a) quantitative determinations, (b)
qualitative determinations, and (c) special examination. For
our purpose, it will be best to take up each of these divisions
separately.

Quantitative Determinations. — By a quantitative determi-
nation we mean the estimation of the number of bacteria in
a given quantity of water, usually expressed by the number
of bacteria per cubic centimeter. At the time that the in-

Kirchner — Bacteriological Examination of River Water. 277

vestigation was begun, the methods of bacteriological exam-
ination of water, considered from the standpoint of practical
utility were very unsatisfactory. The methods have since
been improved and through the efforts of the American
Public Health Association, a greater uniformity of methods
is being established. It will therefore not be necessary to
consider in detail the methods of quantitative analysis, since
those have been described in the more recent works on bac-
teriological water analysis.

In brief, the method consists in taking a definite quantity
of the water to be examined, placing it in a Petri dish to
which some nutrient medium is added and when thoroughly
mixed, the inoculated medium is incubated for a certain
period to permit the bacteria to develop into colonies. The
colonies of bacteria are then counted and the estimation of
the number of bacteria can be made.

In our work we utilized the tops and bottoms of the Petri
dishes by covering them with glass squares, and we were thus
able to double the number of dishes for counting bacteria.
The plates with the square covers are deposited and held in
place by means of a special receptable. For the purpose of
counting, Jeffer's plate, which is ruled in concentric circles
and subdivided, has given the greatest satisfaction.

In determining the number of bacteria the character and
quality of the medium is of the utmost importance. In my
own work I have found gelatin the most satisfactory and by
its use, we can often judge both of the nature of the bacteria
and of the character of the water. I have compared the
various batches of media which were made up under nearly
uniform methods, to ascertain their relationship and uni-
formity and to be better able to judge of the results obtained
in the work. In Table IV are given certain data on the
preparation of nutrient gelatin, and in Table V are shown a
few of the comparative tests which are summarized in Table
VI. The results of Table VI are shown diagrammatically in
profile.

278

Trans. Acad. Sci. of St. Louis.

TABLE IV
Data on the Preparation op Nutrient Gelatin.

Medium
Lot.

No.

Date of
prepara-
tion.

1900.

Time
heated
over
water-
bath.

Time

boiled

over

free flame.

Reaction

when

Final

ingredients

Re-

were

action.

di.« solved.

Amount

of

flltrate in

c. c.

I

2

3

4

6

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

May

12

10 min.

K

22

15 "

(I

30

15 "

June

1

10 "

((

8

10 "

K

14

((

26

25 "

July

1

15 "

cc

13

15 "

25

27

20 "

Aug.

10

30 "

<(

28

30 "

Sept

8

30 "

u

18

30 "

t(

27

45 "

Oct.

17

30 "

8 min.
10 "
10 "

15

10

10

15

5

5

5

5

5

10

6

+ 4.7%
+ 5.7%
+ 4.8%
+ 4.9%
+ 5.6%
+ 4.7%
+ 3.8%
+ 4.0%
+ 5.3%
+ 4-4%
+ 5.2%
+ 4-7%
+ 4-7%
+ 4.7%
+ 4.5%
+ 4.7%
+ 4.0%

+ 1.5%

4600
5450
3600
5650
3250
5400
4600
5200
5500
5000
5650
5500
5300
5250
5350
4500
5100

Average + 4.7%

Note: In all cases 12 per cent gelatin, 1 percent peptone, and 0.5 per
cent salt were added to the meat infusion. In lots 7, 8, 10, 16 and 18 eggs
were used to clarify the medium. In lots 8 and 9 the broth was boiled for
45 minutes.

Kirchner — Bacteriological Examination of River Water,

279

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280

Trans. Acad. Sci. of St. Louis.

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Kirchner — Bacteriological Examination of River Water. 281

TABLE VI.
Summary of Results of Comparative Tests.

Medium Lots Compared.

Average per cent, increase or decrease of
New Medium over Older.

Old and

I 1

+36%

1

2

+20%

2

3

—27%

3

4

+78%

4

5

+7%

5

6

—4.5%

6

7

+101%

7

8

—23%

8

9

+10%

9

11

—7%

11

12

—5%

12

13

—17%

-< 150

100

0 I

r-nJ

3 4 5 6 7 8 9 U 12 13

Media Lot Numbers.
Fig. 2.

282 Trans. Acad. Sci. of St. Louis.

We see from these observations how difficult it is even
when great care is taken in using uniform methods to get
results that are strictly comparable. Certain bacteria are so
delicate in structure and so susceptible to conditions of en-
vironment that the composition and treatment of media is a
most important consideration. The constituents used in the
preparation of media which may vary greatly in quality from
time to time, the reaction of the medium, and even prolonged
and repeated sterilization are influences which contribute to
variations in the results and often lead to distinct cultural
characteristics.

In the examination of water from different sources, it
is important to know which medium reaction is best adapted
or will give the highest efficiencv in bacterial numbers. It is
known that certain bacteria grow best on media of special re-
action, and in order to establish which reaction of media was
best suited for our work, special tests and comparisons were
made, and a few of the results are collected in Table VII.
In Table VIII will be found a summary of the results
on media made under uniform conditions, each of the five
lots of medium having a special reaction.

Kirchner — Bacteriological Examination of River Water. 283

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Trans. Acad. Sci. of St. Louis.

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Kirchner — Bacteriological Examination of River Water. 285

It will be seen from Table VIII that media with reaction
+ 1.5 were best suited for the examination of water bacteria
and it was the reaction of medium which was adopted through-
out the work.

The chief objections to the use of gelatin in quantitative
work lie in the fact that it melts at body temperature, and
that it is liquefied by certain bacteria. However, it is just
this latter property which makes it useful in judging of the
quality of water. In my own experience, I soon learned to
distinguish the water collected from the various sources by
the character of growth on the gelatin plate. In order
to determine the relative proportion of liquefying bacteria
developing at the time when the plate was usually counted, I
made a number of estimations for each of the different
sources from which the water was collected. In each case
23-25 comparative counts were made, but for the purposes
of illustration an example from each group may be sufficient.
(Table IX.) Adjoining the table is a summary showing the
average of results (23 tests) from each of the different
waters.

TABLE IX.
Showing Relative Proportion of Liquefying Colonies.

Source of Sample.

Drainage Canal, Lockport

Des Plaines R. , Jolict

Illinois R., Peoria

Illinois R., Grafton

Mississippi R., Grafton

Mississippi R., Alton

Mississippi R. , Hartford

Missouri R , Bellefoniaine

Mississippi R., Chn. of Rocks, Intake

Mississippi R., Chn. uf Rocks, East Shore
Mississippi R., Chn. of Rocks, West Shore

Reservoir, Chain of Rocks

Tap, City Laboratory

Number of Colonies
per 1 c.c.

Total. Liquefying Col.

Av. per
cent, of
Liquefy-
ing Col-
onies.

209,000

218,000

47,000

4,900

11,300

1,500

2,600

9,100

7,310

2,100

10,100

3,600

1,100

2,500
4,000
500
150
540
190
200
650
550
120
SCO
180
95

1.09o
2.0 Vc
1.0%
3.0%
4.0%
10.0%
8.0%
7.0%
8.0%
6.0%
5.0%
5.0%
9.0%

1.5%
2.5%
0.5%
4.0%
4.0%

10.0%
9.0%
7.0%
7.0%
6.0%
5.0%
5.0%

11.0%

The results as shown by the tables are relative and not
absolute ; the estimation was made on the third day of incu-

286

Trayis. Acad. Sci. of St. Louis.

batioii, the reaction of the medium being + 1.5%, and 12%
gehitin being used in each case. For some reason in this
series, the samples from Lockport, Joliet and Peoria showed
few liquefying bacteria on the third day of incubation, while
those from Alton and lower down along the stream showed
not only more liquefiers, but the liquefaction of the gelatin
had usually progressed to a considerable extent. At a cer-
tain period of the work I was stationed at Joliet, 111., and
samples from that district could be plated soon after collec-
tion. In these cases, I found a large percentage of liquefying
colonies so that the low averages as shown in the table may
be explained by the condition of transportation of the sample.
The quantitative estimation as shown by plate cultures
should always be considered as relative and not as giving the
absolute number of bacteria, for it has been found that
various media used for plating give widely different results.
The nature of the nutrient media, the conditions of growth,
the presence or absence of air, moisture, etc., are all im-
portant factors modifying the actual bacterial number. To
demonstrate what effect the absence of air would have on the
number of bacteria, plates were prepared in the regular way
and similar sets of plates were grown under anaerobic condi-
tions with the following results : —

TABLE X.

Date.

Bacteria per c.c.
Conditions of Growth.

Per

Source of Sample.

Aerobic. Anaerobic

Cent.

Des Plaines R., Lockport

Bear Trap Dam, "

Des Plaines R., "

Bear Trap Dam, "

Oct. 21, 1901.

it

Oct. 31, 1901.

1,200

93,000

1,900

332,000

650

50,100

900

175,000

54%
54%
49%
53%

With the removal of oxygen but half the number of
bacteria developed, and it is important to consider this fact in
connection with sewage polluted water. The quantitative
examinations, while not giving absolute results, are often of
value when the numbers run very high as an indication

Kirchner — Bacteriological Examination of River Water. 287

of sewage pollution, and we may assume that the possibility
of the presence of disease germs is greater. The numerical
estimation is also useful in determining the mixture, dilution
and current of a stream as influenced by sewage or tributaries.

The Isolation of Pathogenic Bacteria. — In the examina-
tion of water, our chief interest centers in the discovery and
isolation of those organisms which cause disease in man. We
know that typhoid fever and cholera are often transmitted to
man through the agency of drinking-water, and any tests
that help in the identification of the bacteria which produce
these diseases or which will lead us to suspect their presence
are worthy of consideration. Since, in this country, typhoid
fever is the more prevalent of the water-born diseases, it has
received most attention. We know furthermore that sewage
often contains disease-producing bacteria, and the study of
sewage bacteria, and especially the isolation of B. coli com-
munis, has been considered of great importance.

The intestinal tract of man and animals has been regarded
by some as the normal habitat for B. coli comimmis, and its
presence in water has been taken as evidence of sewage pollu-
tion. While this latter assertion is true in a measure, we
should hesitate to make a positive statement regarding sewage
pollution until we have proved by quantitative tests that
B. coli communis is present in large numbers. We must, how-
ever, first devise means for the isolation of this organism.

In the routine examination of water where many samples
are to be analyzed, it must be evident that the detailed
methods of isolation and identification are too cumbersome to
be of practical value, and we are compelled to resort to short
methods which are considered "presumptive tests." Such
tests for the identification of B. coli communis Mvere used in
our laboratory, and, inasmuch as our method gave excellent
results, I will give it in outline.

PRESUMPTIVE TESTS FOR B. COLI COMMUNIS.

(1) Inoculate broth tubes to which 4 drops of Parietti
solution have been added with 1 c.c. of sample of water and
incul)ate at 37" C. for two days.

288 Trans. Acad. Sci. of St. Louis.

(2) Make plate cultures from these tubes on glucose-litmus
agar (Wurtz) and incubate at 37° C. for two days.

(3) Transfer to slant agar tubes two characteristic colonies
and incubate at 37" C. for one day.

(4) Using these pure cultures, make glucose-gelatin shake
cultures and set the tubes aside for ten days at 20° C.

(5) If no liquefaction takes place and no gas is produced
in these tubes, using pure culture on agar, make inoculations
into the following media : —

(a) Milk, to test coagulation.

(b) Dunham's solution, to test for indol.

(c) Nitrate solution, to test for reduction to nitrites.
These cultures are incubated for five days at 37° C. or are set
aside for ten days at 20° C. and are then observed.

(6) A pure culture in broth of two days' growth is exam-
ined for morphological characteristics.

The colon bacillus is very widely distributed, and we have
been able to find it in all the waters collected from the various
sources. In river water from certain sources it was almost
constantly present in 1 c.c. of the sample. Thorough famili-
arity with methods of technique, and with the cultural charac-
teristics, contribute much to the success in the identification
of this organism.

No methods have as yet been devised for the successful
isolation and identification of the typhoid bacillus. The
methods used in the investigation of water furnish results
which are available for the detection of sewage contamination,
and by inference we conclude that there is a great possibility
of the presence of disease germs. Recognizing the difiiculties
of examination and of proving the presence of pathogenic
organisms, Victor C. Vaughan (1904) has resorted to biologic
or animal tests as a means of obtaining information on the
toxicogenic germs found in drinking-water. While not being
able to identify the typhoid bacillus, he has, however, isolated
an organism of the B. venenosus group which w^as frequently
found in waters of a suspicious character, and which was fatal
to guinea pigs. It seems to me that these biological or
animal tests are of great value, and that a further study

Kirchner — Bacteriological Examination of River Water. 289

along these lines will lead to more satisfactory and better
methods of examination.

The ultimate object of an examination concerns itself not
only with the detection of sewage, but also with the tracing
of sewage, so that the source of contamination may be ascer-
tained and the responsibility fixed. For the purpose of tracing
contamination to its source, and as a means of showing the
transmission of bacteria along water channels, resort may be
had to B. prodigiosus which is non-pathogenic and which has
cultural characteristics that make it easy of detection. This
organism was used in our tests, and the following experiments
were made.

A barrel of a pure broth culture of B. prodigiosus was pre-
pared and the contents of the barrel (40 gal. ) was emptied into
the Mississippi river at a point a short distance below Grafton,
111. Three weeks later this experiment was repeated in a
similar manner at the same point in the river. This organism,
B. prodigiosus, by tests carefully guarded by control methods,
was recovered and identified on four separate occasions, and
the data bearing on these experiments may be seen in the
following table.

TABLE XI.

Dates of
Introduction.

Dates of
Collection
of Samples.

Dates of
Discovery
on Plates.

Places of Collection.

Approxi-
mate Dis-
tance of
Travel.

Ausi. 30, 1900.
Sept. 20, 1900.

Sept

3

Sept

. 23

Oct.

15

Oct.

24

Sept. 6
Sept. 26
Oct. 18
Oct. 27

Alton. 12 miles.

Chain of Rocks, East Shore. 25 miles.

Tap, Laboratory. 36 miles.

ChaiQof Rocks, East Shore. 25 miles.

Based upon these experiments, and especially as previous to
these tests ( although over 3,000 samples of river-water had
been examined), B. i^^odigiosus had not been encountered in
water taken from the river, we are led to the conclusion that
bacteria introduced into the current of the river at a place a
short distance below Grafton may find their way into the water-
supply of St. Louis.

In experiments made by Dr. Horrocks (J. San. Inst., 1899),

290

Trans. Acad. Sci. of St. Louis.

it was shown that in sterilized strouo; or dilute sewage B.
typhosus was found alive after 60 days, but that in unsterilized
sewage there was no evidence that this organism lived longer
than 14 days. Dr. Ravold and others have also shown ex-
perimentally that B. (t/2)hosus may live for weeks in river-
water, and that the longevity of B. prodigiosti,t under similar
conditions is much the same. We see from this, that if it is
possible for B. prodigiosus to be carried for many miles by
means of a stream and to be detected in a water-supply, it is
probable that B. typhosus under the same conditions would
also be conveyed over considerable distances, and that a water-
supply might then easily become contaminated. However,
in arriving at positive conclusions in regard to the presence
and the effect of disease germs in drinking-water, there are
many factors to be considered, and, under the given and
natural conditions, it is of the greatest importance to have
definite information on the longevity of disease organisms
occurring in water and in sevv-age.

It would be interesting in this connection to note the
diminution in the number of bacteria in a running body
of water heavily charged with sewage. In 1901, during
a period of two months, I had excellent opportunity of
making observations of the character of the water of the
Drainage Canal at and near Joliet, 111., and for the purpose
of obtaining more reliable information, samples were also
taken from the tributary streams. A glance at the diagram
(Fig. 3) will give an idea of the conditions.

Fig. 3.

KircJiner — Bacteriological Examination of River Water. 291

The water of the Drainage Canal after discharging itself
over the bear trap dam, II, Hows over the modified bed
of the Des Plaines river. Near Ruby St. bridge at Joliet, V,
the Illinois and Michigan canal and the Des Plaines river
unite, but the old canal is continued on the opposite side
of the stream, where it is controlled by locks. At I,
the Des Plaines river, except during the rainy season, is
merely a creek, and it seems more reasonable to consider
the water below bear trap dam as a continuation of the
Drainage Canal, although it follows the old bed of the
Des Plaines river. The bear trap dam controls the flow
of the canal which is about 250,000 cubic feet per minute,
and the canal itself receives a large portion of the sewage
of Chicago. Since a certain part of the sewage of Joliet
finds its way into Hickory creek, samples were taken at
VI to determine, if possible, its effect on the water of
the canal. In most cases daily observations were made,
but in the followins; table the results have been condensed
by giving only averages for each of three consecutive days.

292

Trans. Acad. Sci. of St. Louis.

TABLE XII.

Number of C(

jionies Per

c.c.

I.

II.

III.

IV.

V.

VI.

Date.
1901.

.5
Pi 'i

o3 o

u y

cS O
03

2 ID CJ

•r- O ._ ^

5 if

i >>

1 ^
O o «

tt 9 i> .

.2 pq 2 -^

03 ^ 'S "3

September 26-28
Spnt 29 Oct 1 .

850,000

1,500,000

160,000

700,000

88,000

45,000

1,200,000

1,000,000

84,000

650,000

550,000

220,000

360,000

290,000

36,000
500,000
61,000
750,000
600,000
750,000

2,300,000
750,000
400,000
600,000
750,000

1,600,000

470,000

500,000

140,000

400,000

54,000

42,000

100,0' 0

83,000

130,000

100,000

650,000

300,000

390,000

130,000

380,000

250,000

Oct 2 4

84,000
590,000

48,000
850,000

70,000
350,000

52,000
350,000
400,000
300,000
650,000
180,000

130,000

Oct 5 7

2,500
2,400
3,900
4,500
54,000
5,900
2,500
1,600
1,900
4,4 0
3,700

1,200,000

Oct. 8-10

Oct. 11-13

Oct. 14-16

Oct. 17-19

Oct. 20-22

Oct. 23-25

Oct. 26-28

Oct. 29-31

Nnv 1 ^ . .

39,000

63,000

84,000

53,000

48,500

130,000

270,000

380,000

320,000

Nov. 4-5

190,000

Nov. 8-10

Nov. 17-19

Nov. 20-22

Nov. 23-25

2,900

4,800

10,000

4,200

750,000
3,000,000
3,900,000
5,000,000

600,000
4,400,000
3,000.000
6,000,000

230,000
1,200,000
3,100,000
3,300,000

260,000

1,200,000
3,100,000
3,000,000

General Average

3,900

1,100,000

1,100,000

750,000

600,000

600,000

Number of
Determinations

44

53

47

36

53

53

Results show avera2;es of daily estimations, and are recorded as recom-
mended by the committee of the American Public Health Association.

Kirchner — Bacteriological Examination of River Water. 293

From the ta])le a number of interesting deductions can
be made, and it is interesting to note that during the passage
from the bear trap dam, II, to a point just below Ruby
St. bridge, V, a distance of 23,200 feet, about 45 per
cent, of the bacteria disappear. Tiie distance between the
points of collection V and VI is 14,800 feet, and the general
average for these two places shows that there was no material
change in the number of bacteria.

The fall in the Drainage Canal (Des Plaines R.) from
Lockport to Joliet is about 30 feet, and the time required to
cover the distance is about two hours and a half. The water
flows rather swiftly over a rocky channel, and is in
most places but a few feet deep. After flowing over the
dam and spreading out over an extended area as a swift and
shallow stream, the water is thoroughly churned and agitated,
and these conditions afford excellent opportunity for aeration.

Sedimentation and dilution are often prime factors in the
bacterial purification of streams, but these conditions do not
maintain in this instance. Whether the decrease in the num-
ber of bacteria is due to aeration and agitation, to the exhaus-
tion of the food supply, or to the toxins or poisonous prod-
ucts of the bacteria themselves, furnishes an interestino- but
difficult problem for solution. It would be interesting also
to know if water having few bacteria, under the same condi-
tions as above would show a similar decrease in the number
of bacteria.

Have we an index of pollution of streams? A number of
standards have been set up as tests for the pollution of streams,
but none have at all times been reliable. For a time, the
finding of B. coli communis was regarded as an index of
sewage pollution, but the colon bacillus is very widely distri-
buted, and since it has been found in fish, the mere presence of
this organism in water may be of doubtful value. However,
quantitative tests for the presence of B. coli communis would
give us more satisfactory results. Experience has shown,
that the most reliable index of the quality of drinking-water
was to be found in carefully prepared health statistics of the
community, and we can learn much by a careful study of the

294

Trans. Acad. Sci. of St. Louis.

hygienic conditions of cities and towns. There are numerous
instances of typhoid and cholera epidemics in which these
diseases were traced to the drinking-water. In Hamburg,
1892, there were 16,957 cases and 8,606 deaths from cholera.
Of the chief typhoid fever epidemics as embodied in a report
of the epidemic of Butler, Pa., may be mentioned the
following : —

Location.

Date. Population. Cases. Deaths.

Lausanne, Switzerland
Caterham, England
Plymouth, Pa
Ithica, N. y
Butler, Pa

In our own city, St. Louis, 1892, there was an epidemic of
typhoid fever which was traced directly to the water supply,
the latter having become contaminated with sewage which
entered the intake.

It is important, therefore, that a community see to it that
its water supply be kept pure and wholesome. Experience
and statistics have shown that wherever the water supply of a
community has been puritied, by filtration or otherwise, there
has been a decrease in the mortality rate. Moreover, the
time will come, as the population of the country grows, when
cities will purify not only their water supply, but that they
will also be compelled to pay attention to the purification of
sewage, so that the towns which are situated lower down
along the stream may be assured of a water the quality of
which is reasonably pure.

A bacteriological examination of a river is not complete
without an intelligent mterpretation of the results. A river
must be considered as a complex system or body, in which
various biological and chemical changes are constantly taking
place. All the facts and data that have been collected must
be carefully weighed, and their relationship carefully studied.
It is of importance that all the tests for comparison should
have been made under uniform methods and that the data
for comparison should be abundant, for it happens too often

Kirchner — Bacteriological Examination of River Water. 295

that erroneous conclusions are drawn from isolated or separate
tests and insufficient data. We should have at hand chemical
analyses of the water so that we may have information as to
the mineral and organic constituents. We should have a
knowledge of the flora and fauna of the water, of the topog-
raphy and geology of the river-basin, and of certain
meteorological conditions. The location and influence of
cities, villages, factories, sewers and tributary streams; the
effect of river traffic ; the variations in the depth of the
water; the velocity of the stream, and the tendency to sedi-
mentation ; the degree of pollution and the distance of the
source of pollution ; the health statistics of the communities
along the river ; a knowledge of these and many other condi-
tions may be necessary before an intelligent interpretation of
bacteriological data of river water as affected by sewage may
be arrived at.

When we consider the suffering, the loss of life, and the
cost which an epidemic entails upon a community, as well as
the harm done to its commercial interests, we are compelled
to recognize the importance of a wholesome water supply. It
is incumbent upon a community to look after the health
of its inhabitants, and it is important that the water supply
receive careful and proper attention. The question of the
pollution of streams and the consequent contamination of
the water supply by sewage from cities and towns has,
of late years, received national recognition, but the problems
involved in arriving at true conclusions are difficult, and
can be only satisfactorily solved by the most careful and
scientific inquiry.

296 Trans. Acad. Sci. of St. Louis.

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Kirchner — Bacteriological Examination of River Water. 297

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Johnson, Geo. A. See Fuller, Geo. W.

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Beynolds, A. B. Report of Streams Examinations, Chemic and Bacterio-
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Bitchie, J. See Muir, R.

BussellfH. L., and Bassett, V. H. The Significance of Certain Gas-forming
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298 Trans. Acad. Sci. of St. Louis.

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in the Composition of Nutrient Gelatin upon the Development of

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1903.
Sternberg, 0. M. A text-book of Bacteriology. New York. 1901.
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Vaughan, V. C. Some Toxicoctenic Germs found In Drinking Water.

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On the Practical "Value of Presumptive Tests for Bacillus coli in Water.

Ibid. 16:18. 1903.
Winslow, C. E. A. See Prescott, S. C.

Issued August 5, 1905,

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Transactions of The Academy of Science of St. Louis.

VOL. XV. No. 6

TITLE-PAGE, PREFATORY MATTER AND INDEX
RECORD FROM JAN. 1 TO DEC. 31, 1905.

Issued March 1, 1906.

List of Authors. 299

LIST OF AUTHORS.

Abbott, J. F. xxxii
Alt, A. xxxix

Baker, Frank Collins 249.
Broadhead, Q. C. xxxv

Casey, Thomas L. 17.
Clement^ G. E. xxix

Glatfelter, N. M. xxx

Harris, J. Arthur xxxii
Hus, Henri Th. A. xxx
Huston, Hy. A. xxviii

Kinealy, J. H. xxviii
Kirchner, Walter G.^C. 265

Langsdorf, A. S. xxxix

McClure, Geo. E. xxxix

Pauls, G. xxviii
Powrie, John H. xl

Weller, Stuart 259
Whelpley, H. M. xxvii, xxix
Wittmack L. 1
Wixford, John F. xxix
Wood, Casey A. xxxix
Woodward, C. M. xxviii, xxxix

300

Trans. Acad. Sci. of St. Louis.

GENERAL INDEX.

Address of President xl
Amendments xv, xxi .
Authority xxi

Bacteria ia river water 265
Biography, Edwin Harrison xxxv

Wm. H. Pulsifer xxxiii
Brachiopoda 259
By-Laws xvii

Calorimeters xxviii
Charter xxii
Color photography xl
Constitution xiii
Corresponding members xiii
Council xiv, xviii
Curators, report of xliv
Customs, social, of the Japanese
xxxii

Dice, throws of xxxix
Distribiitloa of plants by insects

xxxii
Dues XX

Influence of insects on distribution

of plants xxxii
Influence of man on the form of

plants XXX
Initiation fee xx
Insects and plants xxxii

Japanese, social customs of xxxii
Kinderhook brachiopoda 259

Librarian xviii

report of xliii
Library xxv

Mammoth Cave of Kentucky xxvii
Man and the form of plants xxx
McGregor, moUusks of 249
Medical remedies, progress in xxix
Meetings xv, xxiv
Members xiii, xxiii
MoUusks of McGregor 249
Museum xxvi

Nominating committee xviii

Ecceatric weights xxviii
Elections xviii, xix
Expulsion XX
Eyes of lower animals xxxix

Forestry xxix

Fuels, heating powers of xxviii

Fungi, abjut St. Louis xxx

Harrison, biography of Edwin xxxv

death of Edwin xxxi

resolutions on death of Edwin
xxxiv
Heating powers of fuels xxviii
Heliochromic plate xl
History xxii
Honorary members xiii, xx, xxiii

OflScers xiv, xxlv
reports of xl
Orchids xxxix
Order of business xvii

Paederini, American 17

Patrons, xiii, xx, xxiii

Photography in color xl

Plants, ancient 1

distribution by insects xxxii
influence of man on form xxx

Power, long distance transmission
of xxxix

President, address of xl

Publications xx, xxv

Pulsifer, biography of Wm H. xxxiii
death of Wm. H. xxxii

General Index.

201

Pulsifer, resolutions on the death

of Wm. H. xxxii
Purification of water supply xxix

Quorum xvii

Real estate xxi

Remedies, progress in medical xxix

Report of Curators xliv

Librarian xiiii

President xl

Treasurer xlii
Resignations xix

Resolutions on death of Edwin
Harrison xxxiv

Wm. H. Pulsifer xxxii
River water, bacteria in 265

Rolling wheel, action of eccentiic
weight xxviii

Secretary xviii

Sections xv

Stassfurt industry xxviii

Treasurer, xviii
report of xlii
Tulips xxviii

Vacancies xix

Water, bacteria in river 265
Water, purification of river xxix
Weight, eccentric xxviii

302

Trans. Acad. Sci. of St. Louis.

INDEX TO GENERA.

Ababactus 27. 30, 43, 52-54

Abletobium n. gen. 70, 79

Acacia 6, 10

Acalophaena 76, 77, 144-140

Acanthus 10

Achenium 73, 76

Adelobiura 56, 58

Aderobium n. gen. 23, 28

Aderocharis 147, 148

Asaricus 10

Agrostemma 10

Alasraidonta 251

Aloe 10

Althaea 10

Anodonta 249, 251, 254

Apteraliura n. gen. 70, 76, 77, 79

Arcidens 254

Arundo 10

Aster 10

Bacillus 274, 287-290, 293
Bifldaria252, 257
Biocrypta n. gen. 26, 51, 52

Caloderma 154, 181, 182, 187, 189
Calophaeaa 146
Camarotoechia 259, 261
Campeloraa 256, 257
Castanea 10
Chamaerops 8
Chrysanthemum 10
Circinaria 257
Citrus 8, 9
Convolvulus 15
Crytobiella n. gen. 26, 29, 49
Cryptobium 27-32, 43, 50, 52
Ctenomastax 235
Cucurais 10
Cucurbita 10, 14
Cyperus 10

Dacnochilus 68, 69, 76, 77, 131,
144-146

Deratopeus n. gen. 73, 112

Dibelonetes 235

Dolicaon 56-58, 147

Dolichos 14

Domene 58, 68, 69, 76, 77, 105

Echiaster 18, 216, 218, 245, 246
Ervum 7

Eucryptina, n. gen. 24, 28
Eulathrobiura n. gen. 68, 73, 114,

115, 120
Euscopaeus 192
Eustilicus 219, 220,228

Formica 19

Gastrolobium n. gea. 18,23, 24, 31,

32, 43, 51, 52
Gladiolus 10
Glyptomerus 68, 70, 76, 77, 79

Helicodiscus 252, 258
Heraimedon n. gen. 152, 160
Hesperobium 19, 24-26, 28,31,43,

50-52
Homoeotarsus, 24, 28, 43
Hordeum 11
Hyphaene 6
Hypomedon 152, 155

Iris 10

Laemophloeus 77
Lagenaria 14
Lampsiiis 249, 251-254
Lathrobiella n. gen. 75, 130, 131,

133, 141, 142
Lathrobioma n. gen. 72, 75, 93, 97,

98, 104, 122, 143
Lathrobiopsis n. gea. 72, 97
Lathrobium 69-73, 77, 80, 90, 91,

93, 97, 98, 104, 105, 122, 128, 133,

135, 160,191, 248

Index to Genera.

303

Lathrolepta n. gen. 68, 72, 103
Lathrotaxis n. gen. 69, 74, 120, 122,

130, 131, 133

Lathrotropis n. gen. 74, 115, 120,

122
Lathy rus 10
Laurus 10
Lena 155, 189
Leptobium 57
Leptogeniu8 246, 247
Leptorus 191, 196, 203
Leucopaederus n. gen. 59, 67, 68
Leucorus n. gen. 191, 192, 194
Linolathra n. gen. 69, 75, 77, 122,

131, 144
Liparocephalus 21

LiS30biops n. gen. 25, 31, 43, 49-51
Lithocharis 146, 148, 150, 166
Litolathra n. gen. 71, 80, 93
Lobralhiura 74, 92, 114, 119, 122,
•248

Manibot 15

Margaritana 255

Medoa 147, 152, 153, 155, 161, 166,

176, 177, 187
Medonella n. gen. 154, 180, 189
Medonodonta n. gen. 153, 176, 177
Megastilicus 19, 219, 227
Metaxyodonta 148, 149
Microlathra n. gen. 75, 142
Microraedon 153, 155
Monocrypta n. gen. 27, 30, 31, 43
MorusS, 10
Myrtus 10

Narcissus 10
Nazeris 234, 235
Neomedon 150, 151, 155

Obliquaria 254
Obovaria 254
Oligopterus 154, 160, 181
Omostilicus n. gen. 219, 220, 228,

229
Ophlomorphus 56, 58
Opuntia 9
Orus 166, 191, 192, 194, 196, 203,

211
Oxymedon n. gen. 153, 177

Pachystilicus n. gen. 219, 226, 228

Paederidus 58, 59

Paederillus n. gen. 59, 60, 62, 67

Paederomorphus 59

Paederus 18, 45, 50, 58-60, 62, 67

Palaminus 141

Papaver 10

Paralathra n. gen. 75, 130

Paramedon n. gen. 150, 153, 161,

166, 176
Parapborhynchus n. gen. 259-264
Phaseolus 13, 14
Physa 257
Plnophilus 235
Pinus 8

Plagiola 252, 254
Platanus 10
Platymedon 154, 178
Pleurobema 255
Polygyra 257
Polyodontus 192
Polymedon n. gen. 151, 153, 156,

178
Pseudobium 72, 76
Pseudolathra n. gen. 74, 122, 129,

130
Pseudomedon 18, 155, 182, 187,189
Pugnax 259, 261-264
Pycnocrypta n. gen. 25, 26, 28, 29
Pyconorus n. gen. 191, 192, 194,

203, 211
Pyramidula 250, 258
Pyrus 10

Quadrula 252, 255, 256
Quercu3 10

Ramona 155

Rhynchonella 259, 262-264
Kosa, 10
Ruscus 10

Sciocharella n. gen. 152, 158
Sciocharis 150-152, 157-159, 180
Scimbalium 73, 76
Scopaeodera 192, 211, 214, 217
Scopaeodes 55

Scopaeoma n. gen. 103, 191, 211
Scopaeopsis n. gen. 190, 191, 211,
214

304

Trans. Acad. Sci. of St. Louis.

Scopaeus 20, 66, 191, 192, 19G, 203,

211,217
Scotonomus 57, 69
Sorghum 10
Sphaeriniura 65
Sphaeronium 55
Spirosoma 28, 43
Stamnoderus 231, 232, 234
Staphylinus 18
Stenus 246

Stilicolina u. gen, 219, 228, 229
Stilicopsis 231-234
Stilicosoma 219, 220
Stilicus 218-220,226, 228,230
Strobilops 252, 257
Strophltus 254
Succicea 267
Sunius 234, 235

Symphynota 262, 254, 265

Tamarindus 10

Tetartopeus 73, 104, 106, 112,

113
Tetraraedon n. gen. 153, 178
Throbalium 71, 76
Trachysectus 162, 169
Triticurn 5, 7, 11
Tritogonia264
Typhlobium 76

Unio 252, 255

Vicia 7, 8, 10, 12, 14
Vivipara 249, 266

Zonitoides 252, 258

I

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