te Mir sade EN AA) EK RAS TD) ath ay > ae eh a aey REYNE RIN) xs wt ‘ yf , HARVARD UNIVERSITY. LibRARY OF THE MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY. i brchange Shay S-Sune /b, 1892, Nii | 7 Me ANG "“ My a ae Sh: st a PA me A wie “ < 7 ' a aa nee xg my wang UF burnt ae wi nh Les iG MY Pine i cs 7 i ny a. ae / ae ae a a - , ey aca 1 ; oe me : Pen Meise y Gira: Ay ae vn Bh A: . dy moe tae : ia Eee ue ae y ats : i er sen eam ee anne ‘ Ly Fai a Vy i a , Sis nin 4) % hae < Pee a " 7 _) A. «aoe ry 4 A aR Ay) Po ie ty 7 a ¢ Vy " ae fy hy : a rf - ; t x i’ un ae ; N WORST | is .. rh oi i Pe) aay os) iy a. Me J oY oy ee “daa a Atta in hf ‘a a a , a. v , ls aoe iti oh a Ay a rae ‘¥ ha : Dr ae Mie iy a 4) ide i ch ge y 1 ik pe x ey i Bi auiee BN 4 ay : ae ty ‘i * Hy! i i ier hg nls} $2: , 4 iy Wf fy as ye ae \ a Ap PLD YY abu eno oh . i * ee pt Oe aie MY yee 3 a : wa y ah vr % patel ney ; A 4 } oy i? ¥, * 4 : i F es ; mea 7 | as A & on 2 iu eh has ve NEN AT) ONO Thos ACR MR Li ll ty a A's San eee Ge RI a ce na MRC BANS ae a Ta Dk) oh iy Loe Be Ate laid Mil iM Bia i. hae a ‘ ee iy at) an ein EM) RR a ae i SRE NEN a ee tn Beet): te . on : ie Peon) 5 a ee a a TEE RR. ae a i i eat ine he o og a i Ms on A At ee - La all any uN a + ha Big. id coe Wie: de ay iy A o> Se iy ; ; re a / ee ha Nes i wavy) tad oe vif ‘a, - 4 Ay ops mae (ih a a, ; os ae Bas poy CM Oe hve ny ee ae Molla od te si ahh Ri i Dip Hh v taal NaWe ts Pa sae 7 ry C1 y. ii. ab? ) ate oe t wa : i aah th yor a aS eat 0 ery ) yy ve Ah a on 1S hee ose ict | ne, . - wu Ubi 4 ae ia 7 ata Soa a) , ee eet ny hay ene ‘ Pree te hes ' ef ay “ae a Mid Aly LP). al lakers) ry, as a): h ay yy es vs wae : ie YoU acta ree AT tS BLO a} x rey, agi ve E ee i ii ae hie, noe cae i vee eae Pa an ion ee ; ite iz yi. \4 in ty bi 7 a ‘a ‘i <. } Lan ; Px i Beet a. i Tite a 4a 1 Rye 1 a 4 hy i Peat Ay ie ce u a ua bar fC 1s # MY Ma ee ae | Roa: Ay ae i ¥ i . a i J ; an ass 1G ne wr ee ae ne mor Veal ee ait Pat vk bg ; : a Neh ages, ‘an a, o Bh, {9s 4 0 iene Ap a ny en a he ae ee ae hy Rin i AD eis ‘a CREME ig lh Leen ean, yes Lag ratiat Oe Scene: | Mame ae ak ee Bb eh SA ah Teg Gm alia ay, ne 4 lth. Lia 4h Pe W r a a ; q hile? ini > crn A f ie bite Lo ae AD ae en ae : ee d ne! Taw « f Mf cue. a Bisa) Peet ny . ‘ae b ¥ Mei = in - of tf Ri ir) ys " Ay "’, aa Beth mq ‘a. a: Pscae ay i nee ys ie bi y fo ce i wore muy hs ee “eee Uae it tht vi Vee i 4 rg va ht Ge he i p> ee | ee awhe Es ih 4, ye ane A lee hy ios fake hue i Cea a ay i ni ; oir yy aan “4 ae a iy ee a ie a! hig ead a Pes et ; ing he an ‘A ae Soa - [inal ers PSS el ee a ih ne oni Mi oe wa es oe ‘ay 1) Pasay i Tis a Ly Wn ay aN. ne a iY i &. bh ak any ie A) .% Pye SI ‘ of a a ) | 7 ike a : 0 rt oie ‘| au a Roth hye oe iwi). \j oa Hae Fans Gaeta Saat ins jot oes aie Ca ane a ue Wage Tes, b ‘a ie af > ae ALO Ds Sata ean Y sn ghd Reet 5 i “ vA ) ; i yas | Nis Ned PN are at rik ri2 a ly at By he a) et ie By. eran / af can var? te we vases Sal! ab * ny aoe A Be ett Oe a "* ity: aa pia a Ate, ca, sells Wa ee Wyte rs Le oe y at a es 6 ae te Le hae ala he s ls i) ay a + 4: iv, nt A, i, ma ‘ ay Ae, 4 pti a 4: | on » aia MF vi A et i ia fat an a iy ar ee ne ei 4 a a ve eee emg i. 2) Mee Bik i 16 re “, fou hy bg an a en: i i ; : , ; a . : E : - ris . ; , : 7 J : { -~ 7 ; is « ‘ 7 a) : . ‘ | Rite r TRANSACTIONS AND PROCEEDINGS AND fee ee i I OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY of SOUTH AUSTRALIA. WOT. sc We: For 1890-91. EDITED BY PROFESSOR RALPH TATE. [Wirn FOURTEEN PLATES. | Adelaide : W. C. RIGBY, 74,-KING WILLIAM STREET. DECEMBER, 1891. Parcels for transmission to the Royal Society of South Australia, from Europe and America should be addressed ‘per W. C. Rigby, care Messrs. Thos. Meadows & Co., 35, Milk Street, Cheapside, London.” \ \ Aopal Society of South Australia. Qutrow : HER MAJESTY THE QUEEN. Vice-Dutron : HIS EXCELLENCY THE EARL OF KINTORE, K.C.M.G., &c. OFFICERS. [Elected October 6, 1891.] President 3 REV. THOMAS BLACKBURN, B.A. Vicr-Dresidents : PROFESSOR R. TATE, F.G.S., F.L.S. (Representative Governor). SAMUEL DIXON. Hon, Treasurer : Hon, Seeretury : WALTER RUTT, C.E. | W. L. CLELAND, M.B. sttembers of Council : MAURICE HOLTZE, F.L.S. ' PROFESSOR E. H. RENNIE, WALTER HOWCHIN, F.G.S. D.Se.,, 2.C:8. J..8. LLOYD. K. C. STIRLING, M.D., M.A. W.25. POOLE. C ONE Ties: —JSG2 OSU PART I. (Issued July, 1891). PAGE. Kemper, Rev. H.: A Grammar and Vocabulary of the Language of the Aborigines of the MacDonnell Ranges 1 Lupwic, Pror. F.: Contributions on the Fungal Flora of Australia... 55 Apamson, D. B.: Remarks on Sse the Solar Eclipse of December 12, 1890 ee : a : 6] Tepper, J. G. O. : Description of Cossus Edwards: (plate i.) 63 BLACKBURN, REv T.: Descriptions of New Genera and Species of Australian Coleoptera (ix.) 65 Strruinc, Dr. E. C.: Description of a New Genus and Species of Marsupialia (plates ii.-ix.) 154 Meyrick, EK.: Descriptions of New Australian Lepidoptera iS8s PART II. (Issued December, 1891). Meyrick, E. (continued ) 195 Dixon, S.: On a Subterranean Water- SUPE for the Broken Hill Mines (plate x.) 200 ScuuntzE, Rev. Louris: The Aborigines of the Upper and Middle Finke River; their Habits and Customs, with Introductory Notes on the Physical and Natural History Features of the Country 210 CHEwrnes, C.: Geological Notes on the Upper Finke River-basin (plate xf* : ee sa 247 TaTE, Pror. R. : Note on the Silurian Fossils of the Upper Finke-basin 256 RENNIE, Pror., and E. F. TurNER : Note ona Volcanic Ash from Tanna 256 Tatsr, Pror. R. : Descriptions of New Species of Australian Mollusca, Recent and Fossil (plate xi.) ce OE Tate, Pror. R.: A Second Supplement toa List of the Lamellibranch and Palliobranch Mollusca of South Australia we .. 265 Tare, Pror. R.: A Bibliography and Revised List of the Described Echinoids of the Australian Eocene, with Descriptions of some New Species 270 Strruinc, Dr.: Further Notes on the Habits and Anatomy ot Notoryctes typhlops (plate xii.) 283 BLACKBURN, Rev. T.: Further Notes on Australian Coleoptera, with Descriptions of New Genera and Species (x.) a we 282 TV. ScHLU MBERGER, M. C.: Description of a New Species of Fabulace a (plate xiii., figs. 5-8) bos at ie oe Ms us ... 346 Howcuin, W.: The Foraminifera of the Older Tertiary ; No. 2, Kent Town Bore, Adelaide (plate xiii., figs. 11-13) Be: Se ee Howcuin, W.: The Foraminifera of the Older Tertiary ; oe Creek—Addenda and Corrigenda (Plate xiii., figs. 9-10) .. . 300 Abstract of Proceedings ae us es ane ae ay one ee Annual Report... re wis ar ap ae ie Bs ... 364 Balance-sheet ... eS ss ee Hic nae . A -<. Sn Presidential Address ... wae #. a aA ae ee ... 368 Donations to the Library _... Me . ee Ba He ia ocd OES List of Fellows, Members, &c. — sia ee pe aa we. OSD APPENDICES. Report of the Field Naturalists’ Section ... ate fee 8 ws O89 Report of the Microscopical Section a ae ae sts vais OU Index ... e ses Eos se mae see = ae +. OOO A GRAMMAR AND VOCABULARY OF THE LANGUAGE SPOKEN BY THE ABORIGINES OF THE MACDON- NELL RANGES, SOUTH AUSTRALIA. By the Rev. H. Kemps, of the Mission Station, River Finke, Corr. Memb. [Read December 2, 1890. ] PREFACE. The result of an attempt to analyse a language of which the people speaking it have only a colloquial knowledge, and who are consequently incapable of answering or even understanding gram- matical questions, must be in many respects imperfect. The difficulty is increased by the wandering habits of the people, making it impossible to maintain that constant communication with them which is necessary for the attainment of a complete knowledge of the structure of their language. It is only with the help of the boys grown up on the station, and who have become less nomadic than their elders, that the knowledge now gained has been established. There still remain mysterious phrases, incapable as yet of being traced back to their origin, awaiting solution. The following pages, therefore, do not profess to contain a complete vocabulary, nor one which would satisfy the Jearned philologist. Even up to the present day expressions crop up for things it was thought the natives had no words. The difficulty is increased by the close proximity of another tribe, for south of the Finke the natives speak a different language alto- gether, as their words terminate in 7 and w and au, whilst the others terminate all in a. As they have frequent intercourse with each other, it is very easy to understand that the natives to the north must have adopted many of the words and phrases of those to the south. Concerning the vocabulary, it may be mentioned that it has been carefully compiled and revised several times with difterent natives, so that the words may be relied upon as correct. These pages are submitted in the hope that they will prove interesting to the philologist, as exhibiting the peculiar structure of the language spoken by a people generally considered among the lowest in the scale of mankind, and will contribute a little towards perpetuating the knowledge of a language of one of the Australian tribes of natives before their probable entire extinc- tion at a no very remote period. The vocabulary is that of the tribe inhabiting the River Finke, 2 =_ and is also, with only slight variations in the dialect, that of the tribes in the MacDonnell Ranges eastward to Alice Springs, but not far westward of the River Finke, and extending southward to the Peake. GRAMMAR. CHAPTER »1. OF THE CHARACTERS TAKEN TO REPRESENT THE SOUNDS OF THE LANGUAGE, AND THEIR PRONUNCIATION. VOWELS. A a, like a in father, are O o, like o in more E e, like e in there, were U u, like u in dull, or 0 in more. Ti, ike i in tin DIPHTHONGS. Ai al, like 1 in iight Oi o1, ike ci in oil. Au au, like ow in now CONSONANTS. B hb, like b in be Nn, like n im near D d, like d in do Ng ng, like ng in ring G g, ike g in go P p, like p in pipe Hh, like h in here Rr, like r in roam J j, like y in year T t, like t in to K k, like k in king Tj tj, ike g in gentle L], like 1 in long W w, like w in wife M m, like m in more These are tie primitive sounds, to which for the sake of the pronunciation of the Scriptural names, were added— EE, like fin tar Z z, like z in zero. Ss, like s in so The vowels and diphthongs are to be considered as always short. In order to make the number of written characters as few as possible, the elongation of the syllable is indicated by a small stroke over the letter, as, lada, “the paint,” in which the a is to be pronounced long, as in far. “When two or three vowels occur, they form a dipthong ; if not, they are separated by the mark of diceresis (-- ), as, leoika. CHAPTER U1. Or SUBSTANTIVES AND THEIR CASES, AND OF PREPOSITIONS. Substantives have three numbers: singular, dual, and plural, but no distinctive mark for gender either by the use of an article or otherwise. There is no article All words terminate in a, with the exception of the vocative of substantives, and theimperative mood of verbs which terminate in a7. » a The dual is formed by adding the termination xtatera to the word, as, atua, “the man,” atuantatera, “the two men.” Besides this there is a particular form of dual, which is only used personally by annexing the particle nanya, as, wora, “the boy ; worananga, “the two boys;” kwara, “the girl ;’ keara- nanga, ‘the two girls.” The plural is formed by adding irbera or antirbera, as, aragutja, “the woman,” aragutjirbera or aragutjantirbera, “the women.” This form cannot be used in the neuter gender, but the form ntatera can also be used personally. There are six cases—nominative, genitive, dative, accusative, ablative, and vocative. a. The nominative is expressed in a double manner. The word is unchanged, if connected with an intransitive verb, as, atua indama, “the man sleeps,” or katjia lima, “the child goes ;” but it is formed by adding the particle “/a,” when it is uncon- nected with a transitive verb, as, worala gama, ‘the boy cuts,” &e., or apmala utnuma,” &e., “the snake bites,” We. b. Thegenitive is formed byadding ka, as kataka, ‘“‘of the father.” By the genitive is expressed either possession, as, word hataka, “the son of the father ;’ or it shows to whose advantage or dis- advantage anything is done, as, ta wrbunga inaka kniribata ka, ““T fishes. caught old man for,” i.e., “1 caught fishes for the old man.” It also expresses the purpose of any action, as, aragutja inkuka laka, “the woman went for bullrushes,” 7.e., to fetch bullrushes. c. The dative terminates in na, as, ata katjiana ntema, “1 give to the child.” d. The accusative is always unaltered, as, ta kwatja ajuma, “1 drink water.” e. The ablative terminates in “nga,” and shows the direction whence a thing comes, as ta kwatja nanjinga mama, “I tetch water from the well,’ or it signifies the material from which a thing is made, as era ulbainja wtitjinga erbuma, ‘he a boomerang of mulga makes ;” or it signifies the cause for which a thing is done, as jinga woringa tarama, “ I laugh for the sake of the boy.” jf. The vocative terminates in a, as, katjiai, “child !” The declension of the substantive may be seen by the following table :— Singular. Nom. atua, or atula, the man. Gen. atuka, of the man. Dat. atuana, to the man. Accus. atua, the man. Abl. atuanga, from, for the man. Voe. atuai! man! 4 Dual (Personal ). Nom. atuananga, the two men. Gen. atuanangaka, of the two men. Dat. atuanangana, to the two men. Accus. atuananga, the two men. Abl. atuananganga, from the two men. Voc. atuanangai! you two men ! Dual (Neuter ). Nom. — lunjantatera, the two huts. Gen. lunjantateraka, of the two huts. Dat. lunjantaterana, to the two huts. Accus. lunjantatera, the two huts. Abl. lunjantateranga, from the two huts. Plural. Nom. atuirbera or antuantirbera, the men. Gen. atuirberaka or antuantirberaka, of the men. Dat. atuirberana or antuantirberana, to the men. Accus. atuirbera or antuantirbera, the men. Abl. atuirberanga or antuantirberanga, from the men. Other substantives are formed— (a.) by adding to primitive substantives the particle “ ringa, signifying something pertaining or belonging to a certain thing or place, as, arila, “sand ;” arilaringa, “aman belonging to or being at home 4 in a sandy country : or aputa, ‘ hills or ranges ;” aputaringa, ‘men whose home is in the ranges.” This particle is also affixed to names of places, and expresses the place at which one is at home, as mbarata, “a place ;” mbarataringa, ‘men who are at home at mbarata.” (b.) Out of the roots of verbs, as, gama, “to cut ;” ganangana, “a cutting thing, ze, a knife ;” adama, ‘to sleep ;’ indanin- dana, “a sleeping thing, t.e., a bed ;” twma, ‘to beat ;” tunatuna, “a man beating, 1.€., @ beater ; ” ntema, “to give ;’ ntenantena, ‘a giving man, 2.€., a giver.’ OF PREPOSITIONS. There are two classes of prepositions, one class consisting of separate words and the other consisting only of small particles, annexed to the substantives, to which they belong as suffixed. As the prepositions, consisting of separate words, are placed at the end of the word to which they belong, they should be rather core postpositions. The majority always g govern a certain case. . Those taking the ablative case are nine in number, viz. alara, ‘in Bae S, era atunga sider tnama. “he of man in front stands.” 7 ~ ~) Ulara also governs the genitive case when used in the sense of “against ” either friendly or hostile, as, era tyinakatjina nukanaka ulara nama, “he triendly me against is,” i.e., ‘ He is friendly towards me.” 11. topala, “behind,” as, era woranga topala nama, “he boy behind is, a.e., ‘ He is behind the boy.” ul. gatala, “ outside,” as, katjia iltanga gatala nama, “child from house outside is,” 2.e., ‘* He is outside the house.” Iv. mbobula, “* between,” as, kwara worateranga mbobula trama, “girl boystwo between stands,” i.e, ‘the girl stands between two boys.” v. ntuara, “ other side” (Latin, trans), as, ertla ulbaringa ntuara lima, “yan river otherside goes,” 7.e., “the man goes on the other side of the river.” vi. nunkara, “this side” (Latin, citra), as, uta nuka ulbaringa nunkara trama, “house my river this side stands.” v.e., “my house stands on this side of the river.” vil. nkelala, ‘‘ beside” (Latin, jwata), as, era nkelala katunga nama, “he besides father _ sits.” 1.¢., “he sits besides the father.” VIII. itenjawara, “close by,” as, itanga itinjawara, ‘from house close by.” 2.e., “close by the house.” Ix. ntuarintjirka, “ through,” as, nana ta altjuranga ntuarintirka wouma, “this I hole through throw.” 1.e., 1 throw this through the hole.” 6. Those with accusative case are four in number, viz. :— 1. katningala, “upon,” as, jonga aputala katningala trama, ca | hill upon stand.” ul. katningalagana, “ over,” as, ngapa bira katningalagana ilbanama, “crow tree over flies.” 7.é., ‘the crow flies over the tree.” 6 wi. kwanakala, “ down,” as, jinga aputa kwanakala laluma, co | hill down climb.” i.e., I climb down the hill.” Iv. kwanala, “ inside,” as, hatjia iutakwanala nama, “child house inside is.” c. Prepositions annexed to nouns as suffixes are nine, viz. :— I. wna, “on, upon, into,” as, kwatjuna, “to the water ;” birwna, “upon the tree;” nanjuna, “ into the well.” u. Jela, signifies the instrument with which or the person by whom anything is made or accompanied, as, z/upalela, “ with the axe ;” erdlalela, “by the man ;” jinga erinalela lama, “I go with him.” ut. Ja, signifies the place where anyone is, as, aputala, ‘on the hill ;” it is therefore annexed to all names of places, as, tjoritjala, ‘at Alice Springs ;” tungala, “at Henbury.” Iv. gata, “with” (Latin, cwm), as, atua tatagata bitjima, “the man spear with comes.” vy. raba, “ without,” as, era gararaba albuma, “he meat without goes back.” i.e., “he goes back without meat ” vi. gitjala, ‘for, in exchange,” as, ta mana ntitjinanga irbungagitiala, ‘“T bread will give _ fishes for.” i.e., TI shall give bread for fishes.” vu. kaguia, “ for the sake of,” as, unkwangakaguia ta tarama, “vour sake for I laugh.” 1.e., I laugh for the sake of you.” Vill. kieka, “on, to,” as; ta ipepa iltakieka kantatuma, ‘‘T paper house on nail.” i.e., ‘I nail the paper on the house.” or, erinakieka ta kumilaka, “himon TI have sinned.” z.e., “on him I have sinned.” or, nilknambakieka ta ngana numerilama * thief to’ I you ‘ “count.” z.e., I count you a thief.” 1x. ibera, ibena, “from, out of,” as, iltibera, “out of the house ;” kwatjibena, “from the water.” - CHAPTER ITI. Or ADJECTIVES AND THEIR DEGREES OF COMPARISON; OF NUMBERS. ADJECTIVES. Adjectives may receive the same particle as the noun, to which they belong; the particle is generally omitted in one of the words, the substantive as a rule, for only the last word is de- clined, as, ta katja tera marana mana ntema, “T child two good to bread give.” z.e., “I give bread to the two good children.” Besides these primitive adjectives, others are formed— a. From substantives, by annexing the particle karinga, as, kwatja, “water ;” kwatjakaringa, “ watery ;” or, arila, “sand ;” ardakaringa, “sandy ;” or the particle buta, as, puta, “stone ;” putabuta, “stony ;” or the particle mata, as, kankinja, “love ;” kankinjamata, “loving ;” njirkna, “ hate ;” njirknamata, “ spite- ful ;” kata, “father ;” katamata, “ fatherly.” 6. From the roots of verbs by adding the particle nétjalkua, as, tnuma, ‘weep;” tnintjalkua, “disposed to ery ;” ankama, “speak ;” ankantjalkua, “ talkative.” Of the degrees of comparison— a. Comparative of equality : nana tera mala knira naramanga, “‘ these two equal large are.” 6. Comparative of superiority is formed by adding the particle alkura, as, nana wora maralkura nama, nana ngetjina, “this boy good more is, that than.” 1.e., “‘ this boy is better than that.” c. The superlative can only be expressed either by repetition of the word, as, kunakuna, “very bad ;” or by adding the word, indora, “very,” to an adjective, as, tenja, “high ;” tjenjindora, “very high.” d. Diminutives are formed by adding the particle kotjirka to the word, as, putakotjirka, ‘a very small stone ;” kurkakotjirka, ‘a very small one.” NUMBERS. There are primitively only numbers up to four, viz. :—ninta, “one ;” tera, “two;” teramininta, “two by one,” 7.e., “three ;” teramatera, “‘uwo by two,” 2.e., “ four.” These numbers are declined in the same way as nouns when standing in place of one. All higher numbers are expressed by :—wrbutja, ‘some ;” 8 arinabula, or arungalura, “a few ;” “very much.” njara, ‘many ;” njaraknira, CHAPTER. IV. Or PRONOUNS. POSSESSIVE PRONOUNS. The possessive pronouns are the only class of pronouns whose declension is perfect (all others are more or less defective as re- gards declension). They must therefore be taken first as in many instances they supply the deficiencies of other pronouns. All pronouns, if declinable, are with only slight alterations de- clined as substantives, as the following table, giving the de- clensions of the possessive pronouns, shows :— Singular. First Person. Nom. katjia nuka, my child. Gen. katjia nukanaka, of my child. Dat. katjia nukana, to my child. Accus. katjia nuka, my child. Abl. katjia nukananga, from my child Second Person. Nom. kwara unkwanga, thy girl. Gen. kwara unkwanganaka, of thy girl. Dat. kwara unkwangana, to thy girl. Accus. kwara unkwanga, thy girl. Abl. kwara unkwanganga, from thy girl. Third Person. Nom. kata ekura, his, her, its father. Gen. kata ekuranaka, of his father. Dat. kata ekurana, to his father. Accus. kata ekura, his father. Abl. kata ekurananga, from his father. Dual. First Person Nom. = maia ilinaka, the mother of us two. Gen. maia ilinakanaka, of the mother of us two. Dat. maia ilinakana, to the mother of us two. Accus. imiaia ilinaka, the mother of us two. Abl. maia ilinakananga, from the mother of us two. Second Person. Nom. kalja mbalaka, the elder brother of you two. Gen. kalja mbalakanaka, of the elder brother of you two. Dat. kalja mbalakana, to the elder brother of you two. Accus. kalja mbalaka, the elder brother of you two. Abl. kalja mbalakanaka, from the elder brother of you two. 9 The third person dual, ehwratera, “their two,” and all persons of plural, as, wnunaka, “ ours ;” araganka, “yours ;” and etnika, “theirs ;” are treated exactly like those above. Besides these there are other possessive pronouns, which have both a reflective and a reciprocal sense, acting however as posses- sive pronouns as well; in this case their meaning is, pertaining or belonging to any person. They are only used in the nominative case, and are undeclin- able. nukara, mine. unkwangara, thine. ekurara, his, hers, it. ilinakara, our two. mbalakara, your two. ekuraratera, their two. anunakara, ours. aragankara, yours. etnikara, theirs. The following double forms have the same meanings :—nwhiltja and nukaringa, ‘“mine;”’ uwnkwangiltja and unkwangaringa, “thine,” &c., but these two are like the first-named, regularly declined. Nearly all pronouns may be connected with all specified prepo- sitions in Chapter I]-—katjia nukanauna, “to my child ;” katjia nukalela, “ with or by my child,” &ce. PERSONAL PRONOUNS. a. First Person Singular.—There are two pronouns for “J,” u.e., ata or, the first a being dropped, ta. This is always used when connected with a transitive verb, as, ta tuma, “I beat,” ta tkuma, “1 eat;’ whereas connected with an intransitive verb, there is used jinga, as genga lima, “I go,” or jinga indana, ‘“‘T sleep ;” ¢a is indeclinable, but when, for instance, they say, “God gives me life,” where give is a transitive verb, they use jinga, and say, Altjirala jingana etata ntema. “God tome life gives.” But supposing they say, ‘“ he died for me instead of me,” this is expressed by the possessive pronoun nuka, as, era nukanga uuka, “he for me died,” because jznga is only used in the nominative and dative cases. b. Second person, wrta, “thou, you.” This stands also only in nominative case ; where necessary they take for declension the possessive pronoun wnkwanga, “thy.” This is sometimes in genitive and dative cases abbreviated, viz., 10 unkanganaka to ngaka, unkwangana to ngana, unkwanganga to nganga, as, ta nana ngana ntema, “‘T this you to give,” z.e., “I give this to you.” c. The third persons singular, dual, and plural are regularly declined, like possessive pronouns. List of personal pronouns :— ta or jinga, I eratera, they two. unta, © thou anuna, we. era, he, ste, it arankara, you. ilina, we two etna, they. mbala, you two In connection with these is also used the suftix, arpa, “self,” by annexing it to the personal pronouns, ta, wnta, era, &c., ta arpa, contracted tarpa, I, myself, unta arpa, contracted untarpa, thou, thyself, era arpa, contracted erarpa, he, himself, and the others the same. This form is also used in the sense of ‘not ordered,” “ not compelled,” as, ta erina ntankatjimakana, erarpa bitjima, “JT him called have not, he self comes,” 2.e., “I have not called him; he comes himself.” Another form of emphatic sense is wtara in singular, as, unta kala = rula tukala, tautara tuiai, “you enough wood have cut, I shall cut,” 2.e., “you have cut wood enough ; I shall cut.” This is altered in dual and plural to watera, as, ilinawatera, mbalawatera. Besides those above-mentioned, there are the following Reflec- tive and Reciprocal Pronouns, viz. :—nukara, mine, unkwangara, “thy,” &c. Ex. reflective. ta nukara tulama, “T myself beat.” Ex. reciprocal. etnikara turirama, “they beat each other.” The only sign whether a pronoun is reflective or reciprocal is shown in the form of the verb—vide Chapter VIII. There are only two Demonstrative Pronouns— nana, this. nanatera, these two. nanirbera | ee nanankana | tana, that. tanatera, those two. tanirbera those. tanankana 13 | Instead of tana is also used, nakuna and arina, “that.” Declined in the same manner as possessive pronouns. There are also only two Interr ogative Pronouns. nguna, “who?” and iwuna, “ what ?” Dual and plural formed like those in the demonstrative pro- nouns. The only difference in the declension of these two is that the terminations of genitive, dative, and ablative cases, dual and plural, are inserted between the root and termination of the word, as— Dual. Gen. ngukatera ? of which two? Dat. ngunanatera? to which two? Abl. ngunangatera ? from which two? Plural. ten. ngukirbera ? : ae heaayirs \of which ? ngukankana? fo | Dat. ngunanirbera ? \ : to which ? ngunanankana ! fi lL. angir fol BASU ules \erom which? | ngunan gankana af The correct answer to the question, ngwla nana nilknalinaka? “who this. stolen has?” must be, katjiala nana nilknalinaka, “the child this stolen has;” not katjia, because steal is a transitive verb. The questions, nguna unta nama ? “who are you?”, NOWNA nana nama ? “ what is that?” » Or nant, LwUnda, mtitja ? “this, what is it?”, are answered, jinga nama, “I am;” and nana, tana ntitja, ‘this, that is it.” RELATIVE AND INDEFINITE PRONOUNS. There are no Relative Pronouns in the language; they are expressed either by repetition of the demonstrative pronouns, nana and tana, as, atua nala, nana tmurka albuka, worana tukala, “man this, this yesterday went away, the boy has beaten,” i.e., “the man who went away yesterday has beaten the boy ;” or else by the participle of verb corresponding with the English participle, as, tlupa tera, tala mbakatnarakala, jiraka, ‘‘axes two, on house were leaning, disappeared.” i.e., the two axes, which were leaning on the house, disappeared.” b. The Indefinite Pronouns are the following :— arbuna and tueda, another. arbunatera, two others. arbunirbera and arbunankana, others. urbutjarbuna, some others. nkarba, a few others. tuedakatueda, others. nintamintnta, one by one, each. The declension of these is regular. There the nominative case: OF are three pairs of Correlative Pronouns, used only in ntakina? how, or in what way ? lakina, thus, this way. ntakinja ? how many ! lakinja, so many. ntakata? how big? nakakata, so big. CHAPTER V. ADVERBS, OF CONJUNCTIONS AND INTERJECTIONS. Derived adverbs, corresponding with English adverbs in “ly,” are formed by adding the particle “la” to adjectives, as era ekaltala erguina, “he holds fast.” Others Others are— a. ADVERBS OF TIME. lata, now. hlika, soon. tmurka, yesterday. tmurkarbuna, the day before yesterday. ingunta, to-morrow. imanka, long ago. anma, by and by. ilangara ? what time ? kuta, always. will be found in the vocabulary. b. OF PLACE. nana, here. itinja, near. longa, far. ntala ? where ? ntauma’? whither ? ntananga ? whence ? nauna ‘ 4 ? thither. arinuna, arina, * there. Cc. OF ninta ranga | : once. ninta ngara =f ntakinjaranga? how NUMBER. many times ? tera ranga, twice. urbutja ranga, sometimes. d. OF ORDER. arugula, — the first. mbola, between. inkana, the last. CoO QUANTITY: njara, much. kala, enough. kurka, a little. lakina, so. ngera, like. wota, more. if: 08. monjala, slowly. kuna, badly. parpa, quickly. mara, good. QUALITY. g. OF AFFIRMATION. tutna, certain, true. wakuia, of course. wa, \ -yes. wabala, Jf J h. OF NEGATION. itja, no, none. gunia and lira, none. CONJUNCTIONS. This language possesses very are combined with the verb. few conjunctions. The majority There is not even a proper word for the copula, and the following are the only ones found :— tuta urungara, } too, dete etalinja, yet. bula, but. wara, only. ngetjina, as, than. gurunga, then. nta (suffix), only. 14 INTERJECTIONS. aal ! “hear!” apu ! “ T am sorry.” eral ! “ behold !” tjikai! “Ah!” calling attention. tjikabai ! “ woe.” nturbai! “indeed, it is true.” CEHAPTER' V1. Or TENSES, Vorces, NUMBER, AND Moops OF VERBS. There are three tenses. The present tense is indicated by the ter- mination “ma” added to the root of the verb, as, fuma, ‘to beat.” Zw is the root of the verb, but mca is the termination. This also represents the Infinitive of the verb, there being no other form to indicate it, so that the meaning is, “ I do beat,” or ‘“‘T beat.” The perfect tense is formed by adding the particle ka, or kala to the root of the verb, as, tuka, or tukala, “I have beaten.” The first probably corresponds to the Imperfect and the latter to the Perfect, though the natives themselves cannot explain the difference. There is still another form for the perfect tense, viz., tjita, as, tutjita, “1 have beaten,” which is very likely the Preterite, though it is difficult to determine the difference, as they have very little notion of time, and use often for remote time both forms, W/kukala and ilkutjita, which both mean “I have eaten,” but leaves it undecided whether yesterday or a long time ago. The future tense is formed by adding tjzza to the root of the verb, as, tatjina, “I shall beat ;” or, a/kutjina, “ T shall eat.” OF VOICES. The Active Voice signifies always an action executed by a subject, but this may be :— a. Intransitive when it signifies an action remaining with the subject, as, antata alknanbuma, “the flower blooms ;” or, era lima, ‘‘ he goes.” 6. Transitive when it signifies that the action is or may be transferred to an object in the accusative case, as, ta kwatja ayuma, “1 drink water ;” or, ta wora tukala, I have beaten the boy.” The Middle Voice signifies an action which the subject exe- cutes directly upon himself, as, ta nukara tulama, “1 beat my- self ;” ta nukara tulaka, “I have beaten myself ;” ta nukara tulitjina, “I shall beat myself.” As will be seen, the sign of the middle voice form is inserted in the middle of the verb, con- sisting of the particle /a or /i. 15 The reciprocal form, which, of course, can only be with dual and plural, is known by the termination rama for dual and viramea for plural, as, dina twrama, “we two beat each other ;” anuna turirama, “we beat each other.” A proper form for the Passive Voice does not exist, and it is expressed by putting the subject in active form and the object in the dative case, as, atula worana tukala, ‘by the man to the boy is beaten.” 2.e., ‘the boy is beaten by the man.” OF NUMBER. There are, as with nouns and pronouns, three numbers, 7.¢., singular, dual, and plural. These can be distinguished by the termination of the verb, if unconnected with a pronoun. The pronoun being used the plural form of the verb may be omitted, as not being necessary to a clear understanding. There is no inflection on account of gender or persons, the latter being ex- pressed by the pronoun. The termination of the dual of in- transitive verbs 1s rama, of plural rirama; as, jinga lama, “I go;” ilina larama, “we two go;” anwna ee vrama, ‘we go.” With transitive verbs the dual and plural are formed by using the intransitive verbs, nama, “to be ;” and lama, “to go;” as auxillary verbs, as, ta e/guma, “1 eat ;” clina ilgula narama, “we two eat;” etna ilgula narirama, or etna ilgulta nama, “we eat.” The two expressions signify the same ; but the latter is very likely a form of participle, so that the meaning would be “we are eating.” It will be seen by this that the only difference is in using the participle, /a, added to the root of the main verb. The dual and plural in the Middle voice double the particle, la, as, winakara tulala narama, “we two beat ourselves ;” anwnakara tulala narirama, “we beat ourselves.” OF THE MOODS OF VERBS. There are three chief moods—Indicative, Conditional, and Innperative. The form of the Indicative has been given already. The Conditional is formed by adding the termination, ‘“ mara,” to the root, as ta vkumara, “1 should eat.” The Imperative is formed by the particle, az, added to the root, as, twar! “beat ;” agula narai! “you two eat!” agula narurar ! “eat you!” Another form, signifying an order to do it quickly, 1 is composed of the repetition of the root of the verb and the insertion of the particle, “/ba,” as tulbutuai / “beat quickly !’ Also belonging to the Imperative may be reckoned the follow- ing form :— ta tur! “let me beat !” anwna Ukula nurireat! ‘let us eat!” 16 These chief moods, as well as the accessory ones, have almost all a double form—one for a positive and one for a negative sense—as, Positive. Negative. tatuma, Il beat. ta tutjikana, I beat not. ta njuka, I drunk. ta njutjimakana, I have not ta gatjina, I shall cut. . drunk. ta gatjigunia, I shall not cut. The other accessory moods are—I. The Participle, meaning doing, as doing, while doing, &c., formed by the particles : “manga,” for present, “mala,” for perfect, and “tjinanga,” for future tense, as, tumanga, while beating. tumala, after beating. tutjinanga, shall be beating. II. The Supine is formed by the particle, tjika, as, ta tutjika, to beat, or I must beat. ta tutjika bitjima, I came to beat. negative, ta tutjika nitjika, I to beat must not, 2.e., I must not beat. There is another similar form, difficult to designate, formed by the particle, “ métja or kutja,” added to the root of verbs, as, tumitja or tukutja, probably an abbreviation of twma and ttja, “not,” and of twka and itja. The meaning of it is, lai! ta ngana tumitja, go! I you not beat! i.e., go, that I do not beat you! Connected with the participle perfect is another form, tuma/ katana, meaning seeming to be so, as, Alinga airima limalakatana, “Sun sees, going as if,” i.e., * the sun seems as if he were going ;” or, Parpala limanga bira limalakatana, “quickly when going, tree seem to go,” i.e., ** When quickly going, the trees seem to go.” CHAPTER: “VEL. Or AUXILIARY VERBS. Pure auxiliary verbs, as, to be, to have, may, can, &e., are not used as such, for the verbs in use for auxiliary verbs are not treated in the same way as in English. They act as absolute verbs as well; for example, nama, ‘to be,” means also “to sit down.” There are only two used as auxiliary verbs proper: nama, “to be ;” and Jama, “to go.” ie In addition to these, there is a class of verbs used for different purposes, and in various manners. 1. To make out of intransitive verbs transitive ones, as, kumerama, ‘to arise or awake,” is intransitive, but by omitting erama, and instead of this adding /i/ama, kumililama is formed, and it becomes transitive, with the meaning, “ to wake or call up;” or again, ntankama, ‘to call,” by adding the verb lelama, “to promise,” it becomes a transitive verb, meaning ‘to save, to redeem.” u. To form verbs from substanvives and adjectives, as, ingwia, “old,” by adding to this erama, ‘‘to see,” it becomes an intran- sitive verb, “getting or becoming old” (ingwierama), though erama is originally a transitive verb ; or to atwa, “man,” add erama, it becomes atwerama, “ becoming a man ;” or fjeba, “a piece,” to this add gama, ‘to cut,” thus, Hebagama, “to cut in pieces, to tear,” &c. In similar ways are also used wuma, “to hear ;” zlama, “to say ;” ankama, “to speak ;” albuma, “to go back ;” arinama, “to put;” ntema, “to give;” wmdama, “to sleep ;” anbuma, ‘‘to touch ;” and many others. Before passing to the original or main verb, a table showing the conjugation of an auxiliary verb will be given in full, as it occurs so frequently. The present tense is given in full, but further on only the first person of each number is taken. See Table I., Appendix. In the same way are treated all intransitive verbs. CHARTER. Virit. Or TRANSITIVE VERBS AND THEIR CONJUGATION. The conjugation of the transitive verb is easy to comprehend, as 1t needs only the proper pronoun to be put in its proper place. Instead of further explanation it will be best to give a table showing the conjugation of the transitive verb twma, “to beat,” because it takes all tenses, moods, and voices, whilst others are more or less defective. As will be seen by Table II., Appendix, only the first person has been given showing the conjugation of the reciprocal form. This is sufficient as the others are regular. Where the negative conjunction gunia (meaning “no” or none”) occurs, theze is no particular form used ; neither is there one for the Participle future negative, the future of the Indica- tive negative being employed—vide Table I., Appendix. This is only the case with the regular conjugation of the simple verb. There are, however, an almost endless number of secondary no- tions connected and combined with the verb, which it is ditheult to designate by any term. The natives combine almost everything B 18 with the verb, which in English are expressed by adverbs of place, of time, of quality, of quantity, &c. These combinations make the use of the verb a sort of laby- rinth, through which it is a difficult task to follow or keep the clue. The following chapters will be devoted to putting these into classes, so as to render the subject as simple as possible. CHAPTER IX. VERBS COMBINED WITH THE FORM “ TULA.” This form “tula” is used with the conjugation of the absolute verb in the active as well as in the middle voice, but whether as a kind of supine or not, it is always used as a main verb. The other forms combined with this form act as auxiliary verbs, and most of them are treated as in Table I., Appendix. They are the following :—wma or wuma, ‘to hear ;” nama, “to be ;” lama, “to go;” albuma, to return ;” ngama, “to carry.” Then there are several others where only the form tula is either altered or elongated ; these cannot be considered combined verbs, although they are contracted with particles or fragments of other words. For the sake of a more distinct arrangement both will be con- sidered in diferent paragraphs. VERBS COMBINED WITH ‘ TULA.” 1. Tula nama, “to beat for a certain time constantly,” which is expressed by the auxiliary verb nama, “to be” or ‘sit down ;” so that the meaning of it is “I beat constantly or continually.” This verb is conjugated in all the moods and voices of Table I., Appendix, except Middle and Reciprocal, which adopt the con- jugation of the absolute verb. tuma, ‘to beat.” u. Zula lama; the literal translation is, “I go to beat,” and it signifies an action in which the subject is in course of executing and has not yet finished, similar to the present participle. This verb can also be treated as1. As, however, the auxilary verb Jama cannot have a reciprocal form, the termination of this must be added or rather inserted for reciprocal meanings, as, anunakara turirala lama, “ we are beating each other ;” anunakara turvrala litjina, “ we shall beat each other,” &e. im. Zula tula lama, a veduplication of the former verb, and therefore meaning “ to beat sometimes quickly or hastily.” Treat- ment, the same as the foregoing. Iv. Tula uma. the literal translation would be, “I hear to beat,” but the usual meaning is, “I beat once.” This verb also takes all moods and voices of Table I1., Appendix. The conjuga- tion of these verbs can easily be formed, for the main verb, here tula, remains unchanged, and after omitting the termination ne « 19 of the secondary verb, wna or wuma, the terminations of the moods and voices are added to the root of the secondary verb, as shown in Table I., Appendix. Only two slight alterations exist, one in the reciprocal form, which runs thus, i/inakara turala wurama, “we two beat each other once ;” anwnakara turala murirama, “we beat each other once ;” and the other with the future positive as well as negative, where the form is not tela utye guia, but ta tulaunja gune, oy shall not beat once ;” dina ula wurinja gunia, “we two al not beat once,” &e. Middle Voice: nukara tulaunja gunia, “1 fall not beat my- self once ;” tlinakara tula wuririnja gunia, “ we two shall not beat ourselves once.” Reciprocal: anwnakara turala wuririnja guiit, “we shall not beat each other once.” vy. Tula albuma or tulalbuma, meaning, “arrived at another place beating,” or “arrived I beat.” Conjugation similar to 1v. VERBS COMBINED WITH OTHER VERBS OR FRAGMENTS OF VERBS. 1. Tulienama : a peculiar form used before a following Supine, as, ta tulienaka, erina ilutjika, “1 have beaten, that he died.” Active Voice: Za tuliensma, “I beat ;” dina tuliela naraina, “we two beat ;” anwna tuliela narirama, “we beat.” Middle Voice: nwkara tulalienama, “1 beat myself 3” 7/iia- kara tulaliela narama, “we two beat ourselves 3” anunakars tululiela narirama, ‘ we beat ourselves.” Reciprocal : i/inakara turalienama, “ we two beat each other.” Other forms obtained by annexing the terminations of Table Appendix. u. Tulabuma, “beating by walking about.” The complete form for “to walk about” is bala nama, hence tulabuined is only an abbreviation of ¢u/a and bala nama. These abbreviations are very common in this language, and make it difficult to under- stand the real meaning of a phrase where this and other similar abbreviations are used. The conjugation is the same as in Table I. Appendix, for bwma acts as an auxiliary verb. 1. Tulinja ngama, meaning, ‘to beat always.” Conjugation as in Table I., Appendix. The termination of Middle and Reciprocal Voices are inserted in or rather added to tu/a, as, Middle: nukara tulalinja ngama, “1 beat myself always ;’ ilinakara tulalinja ngarama, “ we two beat ourselves always.” Reciprocal: i/inakara turalinja ngama, “we two beat each other always;” anunakara turiralinja ngama, “we beat each other always.” 20 CHAPTER X. Forms oF VERBS COMBINED WITH THE SUPINE. In some of these combinations the Supine is easily distin- guished, whereas in others it is abbreviated, the meaning showing its existence nevertheless. Again, it is sometimes combined with a simple verb, whilst in other cases it contains other particles. The literal translation is not in many cases absolutely correct,, but still sufficiently so to lead to a right interpretation. As there are only a few of these forms they will be considered | servatim. 1. Tutjikalama, evidently consisting of the Supine, twéj2ka, and the auxiliary verb, /ama, “to go,” literal translation would be “I go to beat,” but the usual meaning is ‘I beat from above to beneath”—~.e., downward. u. Zutjingjama, where the termination ka of the Supine is. omitted, and also the secondary verb is abbreviated from intitjinjama into injama, ‘to rise or ascend.” The meaning of it is “I beat from beneath to above or upwards.” However, this meaning is often altered in other verbs, as, for instance, zkuma, “to eat,” where ikutjikalama means ‘“ to eat in the evening, to: sup,” and idkutjinjama means “to eat in the morning, to break- fast.” The conjugation of both is the same as shown in Table L., Appendix ; and the Middle and Reciprocal forms are treated as. tulinja ngama (see chapter 1x.) ut. Tutjika ma nitjikana, or Tutjikamanitjikana. The particle ma receives a very extensive use in this language, as, for in- stance, altamalta, “day by day” or ‘daily;” mnentamininta, “one by one ;” putamaputa, “hill by hill” or “every hill.” In the present case it means “again,” so that the meaning is “I beat again not being”—.e., “I shall not beat again.” The posi- tive phrase “I shall beat again” they express by tutjikantema, where nfema means “again.” Conjugation similar to above. Iv. Tutjikerama, “ going to beat,” is treated also in the same manner, as are also the two following :— v. Tutjilbitnima, “ come to beat,” and, vi. Lutjalbuma, “returned to beat. vit. Tutjigunula, a somewhat different form, meaning “to beat by and by, not now.” It is different, because, firstly, it 1s only a form of future tense; and secondly, its conjugation differs, as. will be seen by the following :—tw tutjigunala, “I shall beat by and by;” dina tula narinja gunala, “we two shall beat ;” anuna tula narivrinja gunala, “we shall beat.” Middle: nwkara tulala ninja gunala, “I shall beat myself ;”” ilinakara tulala narinja gunala, “we two shall beat ourselves.” Reciprocal: etnikara twririnja gunala, “they shall beat each other.” 21 vu. There remain only two more of these forms to consider, and they are not really forms of verbs, but consist only of a particle annexed to the Supine, which then gives the verb an- other meaning. The first is tutjekatjilala, “that I may beat quite alone,” as, arbuna inkaraka ta jainama, nukara Uknilitjikat- jilala, “the others all I send away, that I may wash myself quite alone.” The other is tutjikatjora or tutjikatanga, both meaning “ that J may beat. Ex.: era erina kwatjuna retingaka, ekwrara ilknilit)r- ‘he him to the water led that he may wash hatjora or tanga. himself.” Neither can be brought into other forms. CHAPTER XI. SoME OTHER FORMS OF THE IMPERATIVE. Two of these have been seen already in Chapter VII., which can consequently be omitted here. But there are still some others, which have to be considered, but as there is neither any irregularity as regards conjugation, nor any difficulty in the form, they need only be specified as follows :— 1. tulatana ! beat ! tula naratana! beat you two! tula nariratana! beat you ! i. tula nalgurai ! beat a little or slowly ! tula naralgurai! beat you two a little! tula nariralgurai! beat you a little ! ur. tualgurai! beat quickly ! turalgurai! you two beat quickly ! turiralgurai! you beat quickly ! Iv. tuarpa! beat for certain ! tula nararpa! you two beat for certain. tula narirarpa! beat you for certain ! CHAPTER XH. VERBS COMBINED WITH “TUTNA,” AND DERIVATIONS THEREFROM. There are only two expressions with the original form “ tutna,” which seems to correspond to the Greek optative mood, for it means to wish or desire to beat. The first is, ta tutna, “I wish to beat,” and the other, ta tutira nama, “I would beat, being angry.” There is no difficulty as regards conjugation, and they are treated in the same way as other verbs, the only differences being-— a 22 1. In the negative form, which runs thus: ta tutna gunia, “T do not wish to beat ;” cina tula naratna guia, ‘“Wetwo do not wish to beat ;’ whilst in the other verbs it runs, ti futna nitjikana, “1 would not beat.” In the form of Middle and Reciprocal, where the first verb, ‘“ tutna,” takes the general form: nukara tulatna, ilinakara tula naratna, &e., but the other verb, “ tutna nama,’ is treated as shown by Table I., Appendix, viz., nukara tulatna nama. ilinakara tulatna narama. Reciprocal: ilinakara turatna nama, «Ke. Another verb belonging to this class is, ‘ ta tawatnama,” mean- ing, I beat only a little. Other verbs are altered similarly, as, ta wdkuma, “I eat ;” ta ilkutna, “1 wish to eat ;” ta ilhwatnama, “TI eat a little.” It is treated like the last-mentioned one, the negative form only being slightly altered, namely, from twatnitjikana into twat- ninja gunia, however, it is scarcely in use, for they express them- selves then positively and say “IT beat very much.” All other tenses and moods of these are formed regularly. From this last verb there are derived a number of other forms of verbs, which, as they present no difficulty as regards conjuga- tion, being mostly treated like those above, need not be con- sidered especially, but it will be enough to enumerate them and give the translation. They are the following : a 1. ta tuatna lama, “1 beat arrived at another place,” u. ta tualba nama, “I beat sometimes arrived at another place.” ii. ta tuatnitnima, ‘1 beat continually.” Iv. ta tualbuntama, “1 beat running away.” v. ta tuatnauma, “I beat some.” v1. ta tuatalalbum, ta tulbatuatnama, ta tuatilbuima, all three meaning “ returning homeward, I beat on the road” or ‘“‘hetween another place and my home.” vil. ta tuatnalbuma, “come here” or “hither, I beat,” mean- ing, of course, from the point or place the speaker is standing. vill. ta tuatnilbitnilalbwma, “returning come near my home, I beat” —7.e., “almost returned I beat.” Of the two forms, ¢aatilbumea and tuatilbitnima, it is to be re- marked that they are changed in the Middle voice into twlatwlalbuma and ‘dialib came and in the Reciprocal form into turatwralbuma and turatur einen The particle of the Dual and Plural, however, is inserted, as is usual, in the auxiliary verb, nama or nima. 23 There are, again, three other verbs which are connected with these, as will be seen by the translation— 1. ta tuanjama, “ returning I beat on the road,” which is in Dual and Plural of the Active as well as of Middle and Reciprocal connected with the auxiliary verb /ama, as, thins tuanja larams, linakara tulinga laramr, &e. I. ta turmpilbitnims, “1 beat shortly after started on road going home.” ul. ta twanjilbuma, “almost arrived at home I beat.” Both are regularly conjugated; the particle of the Middle da or /7 is added to the root of the verb, as nukara tulinjilbitnima and tulijalbuma. There remain only two more forms to be mentioned, which have both one meaning, only the latter is augmented— I. ta tunama. ilina tunerama. anuna turira nama, Middle: nukara tula nama. Reciprocal: ilinakara tura nama. u. tulbatunama, “1 beat going away quickly.” Corresponding with the latter is twatelbanama or whwalkilbanamn7, “ T beat or eat going away on the road. CHAPTER.) Xi. Sunpry Moops ann FoRMS NOT MENTIONED IN CHAPTER VI. There are some conditional forms which have to be mentioned here, as they are of frequent occurrence— 1. ta tumalamikana namara, I should not have beaten ; Il. ta tumaranga or tumalanga, “ I should have beaten ;” as, for example, wnta nala namanga, kalja nuka tlumalamikana namara, “if you would have been here, my brother would not have died,” 2.¢e., ‘if thou had’st been here my brother had not died.” The first can also be expressed by putting before the conditional mood the negative word ifja, “no,” as, aja dumara, “had not died ;’ or by tumalikananga, as, unta bitjumalikananga, kalja nuka dlumara, “if thou hads’t not come here, my brother would have died.” Again, the first form can be used without the conditional, nomara, then meaning, ‘ not beaten,” or “ because not beaten ;” as, era namalamtkana, mandera inimalamikana, “ because he was not here, he got no shirt.” When a question is put to anyone else, the verb takes another form, as, woka unta tuwikana? “ Why you have beaten not?” 24 The same form can also have a conditional meaning, as, for example, era ntaineikananga, ta ntainakala, ‘ because he has not speared, I have done so.” The same form without the termination of the participle, “nga,” “twikana,” has again another meaning, as, rula jinga entai, ta tuikana, “ give mea stick that I may beat,” which is rather a form of optative. Another form is woka unta tumarpa, or perfect woka unta tukarpa ? which is a prohibitive form, meaning, ‘‘ what for you beat!” at the same time expressing, it is not right to do so, and also that the speaker himself saw it, which we cannot express in one word at all. Finally, there are still to be specified some forms which are only either reduplications of the verb, or else augmentations. Such are— 1. “ Tutjinabuta tutjinabuta,” or “tutnabutatunabuta,” both meaning, “I shall beat again.” u. Tulinja tulindama,, “to beat always -” wuliya wulin- dama, “to hear always,” Jlalinja lalindama, “to go always.” ur. tulinja mbura, also signifying, “to beat always.” Iv. tulatulauma, “to beat seldom ;” rualilalauma, “to run seldom” (water in creeks), as, mbonta rualilalauma ‘The Finke runs seldom.” v. tuma, “I have finished beating ;’? idkuma, “I have finished eating.” The Negative is expressed by tun- kana and ilkunikana, “I have not finished beating or eating.” v1. bitjima, “to come,” but bitjimalalkura, “just arrived.” 2 CHAPTER XIV. CONCLUSION. It is evident from the foregoing that the language of these Australian natives is by no means as simple as many are in- clined to think. Certainly, as zompared with the languages of other more intelligent races, it is to be called poor ; but the chief cause of this is, according to my opinion, their isolation. Owing to the localities capable of supporting human life being so far distant from each other, it necessitates a division into very small fragments of tribes, each often consisting only of a few families. However, for objects that they can see and hear of in their daily life, they have words and expressions enough. Take for instance the verb, how many different forms they can obtain from a single verb! As seen by Table IT., Appendix, they can form not less than 300 different phrases. Now there are many forms, which have been considered in the foregoing chapters, which can be brought into all the moods and voices of Table IJ., Appendix. There are 30 at the least which can be thus regularly conjugated, that means, from one mood can be made 9,000 different phrases. There are others again which can only be used in some moods and tenses, forming about 600 phrases, so that 9,600 expressions may be derived from one mood, Certainly there are some verbs which cannot be conjugated regularly, but are more or less defective. For instance, “to eat” cannot have either a Middle or a Reciprocal form ; but the tran- sitive verbs generally can be brought into all moods and voices. Those mentioned do not embrace all, but they are those mostly used. These pages do not profess to give a complete grammar of the language, but merely such an outline as may give a general in- dication of its structure. There are many expressions related herein which would require a philologist to classify or properly arrange, and any hints in this direction would be thankfully re- ceived by the writer. Though it is scarcely worth while learning the language of these tribes, as their number is small, and it would be much easier at once for a missionary to teach them the English language, yet how can this be done unless first their language is understood ? For every English word must be first translated to them, if they are to properly understand it. Experience has shown that many of these natives can speak more or less English, but when questioned as to the meaning of words, they either are unable to answer, or else they give a wrong translation. For instance, a young man, who gave to all questions put to him the same stereotyped answer, ‘ All right, my boy,” most likely heard this expression once from a white man, and thought it would answer upon all occasions. This only shows how ignorant they often are about the expressions they use, and how necessary it is to learn first their language, though it demands a great expendi- ture of labour, which, however, carries its own reward in a better mutual understanding between teacher and pupil. 26 APPENDIX. TABLE LI. SHOWING THE CONJUGATION OF THE AUXILIARY VERB, NAMA— TO BE. INDICATIVE MOOD. Present Tense. POSITIVE. Singular. jinga nama—lI aim. unta nama—thou art. era nama—he, she, it is. Dual. ilina narama—we two are. mbala narama—you two are. eratera narama, they two are. Plural. anuna narirama—we are. arankara narirama—you are. etna narirama—they are. NEGATIVE. Singular. jinga nitjikana—TI am not. unta nitjikana—thou art not. era nitjikana—he is not. Duak ilina naritjikana—we two are not. mbala naritjikana—you two are not. eratera naritjikana—they two are not. Plural. anuna nariritjikana—we are not. arankara nariritjikana—you are not. etna nariritjikana—they are not. Perfect Tense. POSITIVE. jinga nakala—TI have been. ilina narakala—we two have been. anuna narirakala—we have been. NEGATIVE. jinga nitjimakana—I have not been. ilina naritjimakana—we two have not been. anuna nariritjimakana—we have not been. 7 mail Future Tense. POSITIVE. jinga nitjina—lI shall be. ilina naritjina—we two shall be. anuna nariritjina—we shall be. NEGATIVE. jinga nitjigunia—TI shall not be. ilina naritjigunia—we two shall not be. anuna nariritjigunia—we shall not be. CONDITIONAL MOOD Present Tense. POSITIVE. Singular. jinga namara --I should be. unta namara—thou would ’st be. era namara—he would be. Dual. ilina naramara-—we two should be. mbala naramara—you two would be. eratera naramara—they two would be. Plural. anuna nariramara—we should be. arankara nariramara—you should be. etna nariramara—they should be. NEGATIVE. Singular. jinga namarela—TI should not be. unta namarela—thou would’st not be. era namarela——he would not be. Dual. ilina nala naramarela—we two should not be. mbala nala naramarela—you two would not be. eratera nala naramarela—they two would not be. Plural. anuna nala nariramarela—we should not be. arankara nala nariramarela—you would not be. etna nala nariramarela—they would not be. Perfect Tense. Only one form for Present and Perfect. 28 Future Tense. jinga nitjinala—I should be. ilina naritjinala—we two should be. -anuna nariritjinala—we should be. _jinga nitjinala gunia—I should not be. ilina naritjinala. gunia—we two should not be. anuna nariritjinala gunia—we should not be. IMPERATIVE MOOD. POSITIVE. nai !—be ! mbala narai !—you two are! arankara narirai ?—are you ? NEGATIVE. nitjala—be not! mbala naritjala—you two are not. arankara narivitjala—we are not. SUPINE. POSITIVE. _jinga nitjika—I must be. ilina naritjika—we two must be. anuna nariritjika—we must be. NEGATIVE. _jinga nitjala nitjika—I must not be. ilina naritjala nitjika—we two must not be. anuna nariritjala nitjika—we must not be. PARTICIPLES. Present. POSITIVE. jinga namanga—T being. ilina naramanga—we two being. anuna nariramanga—we being. NEGATIVE. _jinga nitjikananga—I not being. ilina naritjikananga—we two not being. anuna nariritjikananga—we not being. Perfect. POSITIVE. _jJinga namala—I been. ilina naramala—we two been. anuna nariramala—we been. NEGATIVE. jinga namalikana—I not been. ilina naramalikana—we two not been. anuna nariramalikana—we not been. Luture. POSITIVE. jinga nitjinanga—lI shall being. ilina naritjinanga—we two shall being. anuna nariritjinanga—we shall being. NEGATIVE. Wanting. TABLE IT. SHOWING THE CONJUGATION OF THE TRANSITIVE VERB, TO BEAT. ACTIVE VOICE. INDICATIVE MOOD. Present Tense. POSITIVE. Singular. ta tuma—I beat. Dual. ilina tula narama—vwe two beat. Plural. {tula narirama, ) anuna - ‘we beat. \tulta nama, J NEGATIVE. Singular. ta tutjikana—lI beat not. Dual. itina tula naritjikana—we two beat not. Plural. ftula nariritjikana, | \tulta nitjikana, J Perfect Tense. Singular. anuna we beat not. ta tukala—_I have beaten. Dual. ilina tula narakala—we two have beaten. TUMA,, 30 Plural. ftula narirakala, \ -we have beaten. anuna \tilta nakala, f NEGATIVE. Singular. ta tutjimakana—I have not beaten. Dual. ilina tula naritjimakana—we two have not beaten. Plural. {tula nariritjimakana, ) anuna -we have not beaten. \tulta nitjimakana, f Future Tense. POSITIVE. Singular. ta tutjina—I shall beat. Dual. ilina tula naritjina—we two shall beat. Plural. (tula nariritjina, ee shall beat. a \ultarmobima. as NEGATIVE. Singular. ta tutjigunia—TI shall not beat. Dual. ilina tula naritjigunia—we too shall not beat. Plural. (tula nariritjigunia, | \tulta nitjigunia, eo shall not beat. anuna CONDITIONAL MOOD. Present Tense. POSITIVE, Singular. ta tumara—TI should beat. Dual. ilina tula naramara——we two should beat. tula nariramara anuna f = we should beat. \tulta naimara, NEGATIVE. Singular. ta tumarela—lI should not beat. ol Dual. llina tula naramarela—we two should not beat {tula nariramarela, | anuna, - -we should not beat {tulta namarela, | Perfect Tense. Wanting. Future Tense. POSITIVE. Singular. ta tutjinala—TI shall perhaps beat. ilina tula naritjinala—we two should beat. ftula nariritjinala, ) “a c ~ eluate - ] oft e rnuna feulte-niganeley le should beat NEGATIVE. Singular. ta tutjinala gunia—I shall perhaps not beat. ilina tula naritjinala gunia—we two should not beat tula nariritjinala gunia f eae 5, >| we should not beat. \tulta nitjinala gunia, f anuna IMPERATIVE MOOD. POSITIVE. Singular. tuai—beat. Dual. tula narai—you two beat. Plural. tula narirai, ) eter, fultamai -f es 00" NEGATIVE. Singular. tutjala—beat not. Dual. tula naritjala—you two beat not. Plural. tula nariritjala—beat you not. Supine. POSITIVE. Singular. ta tutjika——I must beat. Dual. ilina tula naritjika—we two must beat. 32 Plural. tula naritjika anuna eee we must beat. tulta nitjika NEGATIVE. Singular. ta tutjika gunia—I must not beat. Dual. ilina tula naritjika gunia—we two must not beat. Plural. anuna tula nariritjika gunia—we must not beat. PARTICIPLES. Present. POSITIVE. Singular. ta tumanga—lI am beating. Dual. ilina tula naramanga—we two are beating. Plural. tula nariramanga, anuna we are beating. tulta namanga, 3 NEGATIVE. Singular. ta tutjikananga—lI am not beating. Dual. ilina tula naritjikananga—we two are not beating. Plural. tula nariritjikananga, : anuna ae we are not beating. tulta nitjikananga, Perfect. POSITIVE. Singular. ta tumala—I was beating. Dual. ilina tula naramala—we two were beating. Plural. tula nariramala, : anuna we were beating. tulta namala, NEGATIVE. Singular ta tumalikana—I was not beating. 33 Dual. ilina tula naramalamikana—we two were not beating. Plural. anuna tula nariramalamikana—we two not beating. Luture. POSITIVE. ta tutjinanga—TI shall be beating. ilina tula naritjinanga—we two shall be beating. \ tula nariritjinanga : anuna < Ae ©? + we shall be beating. ( tulta nitjinanga, NEGATIVE. Like Future in Indicative Mood. MIDDLE VOICE. WITH SOME RECIPROCAL FORMS. INDICATIVE MOOD. Present Tense. POSITIVE. Singular. nukara tulakna—I beat myself. Dual. ilinakara tulala narama—we two beat ourselves. Plural. anunakara tulala narirama—we beat ourselves. etnikara turirama—they beat each other. NEGATIVE. Singular. nukara tulitjikana—I beat myself not. Dual. ilinakara tulala naritjikana—we two beat ourselves not. Plural. anunakara tulala nariritjikana—we beat ourselves not. etnikara turiritjikana—they beat each other not. Perfect. POSITIVE. Singular. I have beaten myself. Dual. ilinakara tulala narakala—we two have beaten ourselves. nukara tulakala Cc 34 Plural. anunakara tulala narirakala—we have beaten ourselves. etnikara turirakala—they have beaten each other. NEGATIVE. Singular. nukara tulitjimakana—I have not beaten myself. Dual. ilinakara tulala naritjimakana—we two have not beaten ourselves. Plural. anunakara tulala nariritjimakana—we have not beaten ourselves. etnikara turiritjimakana—they have not beaten each other. Future. POSITIVE. nukara tulitjina—lI shall beat myself. ilinakara tulala naritjina—we two shall beat ourselves. anunakara tulala nariritjina—we shall beat ourselves. etnikara turiritjina—they shall beat each other. NEGATIVE. The Negative is formed by adding “ gunia,” as, nukara tulitji gunia, We. CONDITIONAL MOOD. Present Tense. POSITIVE. Singular. nukara tulamara—TI should beat myself. Dual. ilinakara tulala naramara—we two should beat ourselves. Plural. anunakara tulala nariramara—we should beat ourselves. etnikara turiramara—they should beat each other. NEGATIVE. “ gunia ” to be added to the positive. Perfect wanting. The Present Tense used instead. Future. Singular. nukara tulitjinala—I shall beat myself. Dual. ilinakara tulala naritjinala—we two should beat ourselves. 35 Plural. anunakara tulala nariritjinala—we should beat ourselves. etnikara turiritjinala—they should beat each other. NEGATIVE. Formed by adding “ gunia.” (o>) fo) IMPERATIVE MOOD. POSITIVE. Singular. unkwangara tulai !—beat yourself ! Dual. mbalakara tulala narai !—you two beat yourselves ! Plural. aragankara tulala narirai !—beat yourselves ! aragankara turirai !—beat each other ! NEGATIVE. Singular. unkwangara tulitjala !—beat not yourself ! Dual. mbalakara tulala naritjala !—you two beat not yourselves ! Plural. aragankara nariritjala !—beat not yourselves ! aragankara turiritjala !—beat not each other ! Supine. POSITIVE. Singular. nukara tulitjika—I must beat myself. Dual. ilinakara tulala naritjika—we two must beat ourselves. Plural. anunakara tulala nariritjika—we must beat ourselves. etnikara turiritjika—they must beat each other. NEGATIVE. With “ gunia” added. PARTICIPLES. Present. POSITIVE. Singular. nukara tulamanga—beating myself. Dual. ilina tulala naramanga—we two beating ourselves. 36 Plural. anunakara tulala nariramanga—we beating ourselves. etnikara turiramanga—they beating each other. NEGATIVE. Singular. nukara tulitjikananga—I not beating myself. Dual. ilinakara tulala naritjikananga—we two not beating ourselves. Plural. anunakara tulala nariritjikananga—we not beating ourselves. etnikara turiritjikananga—they not beating each other. Perfect. POSITIVE. Singular. nukara tulamala—I was beating myself. Dual. ilinakara tulala naramala—we two were beating ourselves. Plural. anunakara tulala nariramala—we were beating ourselves. etnikara turiramala—they were beating each other. NEGATIVE. Singular. nukara tulamalikana—lI was not beating myself. Dual. ilinakara tulala naramalamikama—we two were not beating our- selves. Plural. anunakara tulala nariramalamikana—we were not beating our- selves. etnikara turiramalikana—they were not beating each other. future. POSITIVE. Singular. nukara tulitjinanga—I should beat myself. Dual. we two should beat ourselves. Plural. anunakara tulala nariritjinanga—we should beat ourselves. etnikara turiritjinanga—they should beat each other. ilinakara tulala naritjinanga NEGATIVE. Expressed by adding “ gunia” or ‘‘itja.” VOCABULARY. A aai (interj.), hear ! abula, somewhere else agala, pale airima, to see airilalabuma, to look round, look about akutnama, to lift the arm for beating albula, till albolja, very old ala, the nose alama, the liver alatjura, nostril alaurba, the bone of the nose albanata, cloudy, dark albalbaka, first part of the summer albantiuma, to throw abroad albara, young, healthy albmelama, to answer, to tell albuma, to return algabma, poor, meagre algala, pale algara, green-shining like emu eggs alinama, to be taken with convul- sions, dying alinga, the sun alinja, the tongue alinta, flame alkanama, ; alkanalama (refl.), \to roe alkaralkara, shining, clear alkielba, transparent alkira, bright, not cloudy alkirabinjanga, high alkna, eye alknagoda, eyeball alknailpula, eyelash alknajinba, eyelid alknajunta, the orbit alknalginja, awake sebee e bloom, to flower alknalanbanama, to look angry alknalurara inbuma, to overlook alknatuma, to burn alknaltara, clean, clear alknatera, public alknanterama, to torment alknaralama, to look backward alknatera airima, to see the thing itself alknantangera, like fire alknanta, blood-thirsty alknanta, the temple alknenera, a beetle alknenta, sideways alknentama, to look sideways alkniltera airima, to squint alkningera, eyebrow alknira, evening alknolja, tears alknortja, embryo alknotna, jealous alknultinkama, to drown alkultakakulterama, to feel disgust alkura (comp.), more alta, daylight altagatjagatja, moonlight altabatera, twilight in the morning, daybreak altagalta, free altalinama t altalinanama \ Perit altama, to pull out (feathers) altamalta, daily altarama, to find altjiuma, to flow over altjura, a hole altola, west altolakwa, western alua, blood alululama, to bleed ambarinila, immediately ananta, exhausted anbuma, to touch with the hand anbalanbalama, to enquire, to in- vestigate anbaela, \ then, there on anbara, andera, fat angnera, the face angna, seed, fruit anjua, nest ajua, an old man anka, green, unripe ankalabum, to hum (as insects) ankama, to speak ankaratjauma, to revolve ankatauma, \to turn round, to ankatalama, whirl ankataritjalama, to turn himself round ankatala, thirsty ankatamea, a drink ankata, the cloud ankatiuma, to roll ankatja, language, sound ankielta, guest ankua, sleepy ankuerama, to go to sleep ankuindama, to sleep ankurilama, to be contented anma, in a long time anmangaletakata, long living antaka, wide, broad antakira, south antakirakwa, southern antakerama, to become wide antangalama, to stray, to lose him- self ee to steal upon antalabuma, ) antata, flower antina, opossum antjitataka, joyful together anuna, we apma, the snake call arailama ‘ : d speaking low, to aroltaia, ne . TS whisper arilberitjama, arailabuma, to look after or round aralbuma, to evaporate araltama, to forbid arankama, to cry, to scream araltagama, to cut, to prune aranbouma, to mock arankara, you aragankara, yours aratja, ) straight, aratna, ) right, true araltutjaltutja, bold, daring aranta, tired arabmaramara, the palate aranga, grandfather aragata, mouth ara, wrath aragutja, woman aralitja, a stick arankaia, palmtree aramatula, a parrot’s bill aranbilama, to distribute aranjikama, to challenge arauna lama, to go to enemies aranelilama, to greet, to salute arartilama, to defend aratalila nama, to lead out ararama, to choose, to select araratala tuma, to punish arartankama, to defend with words, to excuse araierama, to long for aratama, ) aratinjama, f aratinjalama, to come or go out arbarmaninja, in some time arbalama, to know not arbmanama, to create arbmanarinja, Creator arbmaninja, creature arbunarba, that -to arise (as the sun) 38 arbukarba, those arbuntarpa, obstinate arbuna, \ arbukarpa, f arbuma, to hew, to trim aregna, name arelbilama, to sharpen, make sharp arelguma, to compel areola, outside arelba, sharp arenka, too quick areratna nama, to make angry, to vex arerama, ) arilerama, f ee 1 wooden tray argalaworkala nama, to poison argana, joy, pleasure, play arganabiljabilja, kind, smiling argana, joyful, glad arganabutanga, very joyful arganerama, to become glad arganilama, to make glad argulargua, owls argutilama, to hear, to hear over arina, there arita, solid, firm arilabatia, eatable arilamata, sandy arinta, angry ariltjirka, a sucker on trees arila, sand, earth, land arilarkna, clay arilinga, the jaw arinbinba, the lip HE ae } the lungs arilatna, arilanbuma, to quarrel, to dispute arilerama, to decay arinama, to put arinilanama, to put arilgama, becoming day arkanama, to taste, to try arkaninjagaba, taste arknamanalama, to agree arknantaiuma, to protect arknanterama, to hold up arkatnia, industrious aroa, rock-wallaby arotuma, to press artata, hard, firm artjarerama, to determine artjanbuma, to stamp with the feet artjilanama, \ to depart, to go artjanama, f away arugula, first arungulta, poisonous another to become angry 39 aruilkara, a white cockatoo arunamy, to beat an innocent one atanja, in spite of atmunka, rats atna, dung atnindurka, the rectum atua, a Man auma, to hear | B babuterama, to cease babauma, to catch, infect (sickness) bailka, a bag, the bark of trees bailkiuma, to strip off the skin, to bark bailbilama, to lose bakana, finished bala nama, to walk about bala lama, to stray balaka, content bala, wrong balkala, in vain, useless balkama, to bleach (flowers) balatama, shy, timid balaka, improvident balka, pale balia, distant balba-barbuta, strange, indistinct balera nama, to go astray balkala ntema, to give to the wrong one balkara, blue dove | balteratjata, slippers worn to con- ceal trail batula, the pouch of kangaroos balupa, the shoulder baluka, bread banama, to build, to paint | banalama, to paint himself bangerama, to become blind banga, blind banba, everywhere bania, small-pox or measles banta, bakala, barkuma, to assist, to help baritjulba, mushrooms bara, a tail baeta, the tail of a snake bartja, shining bartjima, to shine, to glare bataba, peaceable batakerama, to turn (wind) batakilama, to instruct batalilama, to show the road, to call back batakilama, to remember, to recol- lect }-wooden trays batalilamia, to bend the knees baterama, to go backward, to turn away batama, cannot bateatapa, impossible bauma, to thrust, to knock down bebilama, to calm, to quiet belkua, again benja, a spring of water, permanent water, salt-water bira, red gum-tree (eucalyptus) birka, charcoal bitjima, to come bitjalbuma, to come back, to return boanka, breath boankama, to breathe bokarabokarerama, to stagger, to tumble bola, saliva boliuma, to spit boilama, to blow borerama, to be ashamed borilentama, to flash bota, a ball bolda, a blister botera, short bora, shameful, sorry borka, tired bonta, blunt bokarabokara, bogey, swampy botilama, to make balls boterama, to drain (water) bula, but bulknala, immediately, directly bulja, loose, soft (sand) bulkna, without intention buka, perhaps, likely bultabulterama, to get full of blad- ders bultingama, to burst asunder bultinjirkerama, to perish by thirst bunabuna, empty bunabunerama, to cover with dust D dalbadalba, shells, mussel-shells dama, to grind (between two stones) damba, loose, breakable dana, cold dantama, to close, to shut datilama, to make wet, to moisten data, wet, moist data, soon datagunama, to conquer, to ‘over- whelm deta, detja, teeth detalura, the gums debadeba, birds dirkadirka, green (colour) dolta, tired dolka, low, horizontal dotadota, short dolterama, to become tired dueda, another dueterama, to change, to make a mistake duetagudeda, different ones E eamitja, a deep hole ebminja, useless ebminjerama, to become useless ega, scab, scurf egunja, ashes egnakalinga, different, unequal egnarbegnarba, from all directions egnagegna, single egna, alone egnagegnilama, to separate, to un- fold, to make asunder egutnanama, to catch up ekaltilama, to fix, to make firm ekalta, strong, firm, powerful ekaltanumerumera, very strong, al- mighty ekna, very sick, stiff eknira, east eknirakwa, eastern eknakarinja, family ekunama, to fetch eknuma, to marry ekarama, to dress ekura, his ekuratera, there are two elgata, hill, mountain, ridge enkua, almost, nearly enta or anta (suff.), only era, he eratera, they two erama (aux. verb), to become eraginja, chaste erapera, bent backwards eraitinga, the comb of birds eranbutinama, to circulate (reports) erabukama, ie go round any- erabakanama,}) thing eraganama, to hunt erankerama, to grind with the teeth, being in wrath ererentama, to borrow eraula, weapons erguma, to hold, to keep erilkna, dead erinta, cold erila, man erilknabata, ancestors erinja, devil eritja, eaglehawk eritjinta, the Southern Cross eroutja, an ulcer, an abscess eroaltjatuma, to revenge eroanberama, to disperse (clouds) eroatja, light, cloudy erora, young, fresh erouma, to tremble, to shiver erunjutna, dark, overcast erunja, liberal, munificent eruntarerama, to go out of the way erukanerama, to get excited erukanilama, to excite erunjauma, erakama, } to tremble (in general) ‘eta, the throat etakama, to flee, to run away etaliralabuma, to remember etalingetala nama, to understand etalingetala, reason etama, to make fire etalirama, to recolleet etaeta, stupid etalinga, yet, in spite of etapatikana, far away etatja, slanting etatagia, dangerous etatnama, to choke, to strangle etata, alive etera, the shore eterama, to become deaf etna, they etnetnauma, to tell, condemn, or curse etnika, their etopala, outside etopa, a belt etopatopa, an edge etopalerguma, to gird etopalergulama (refl.), to gird etuanama, | etuilama, { etuaratuarabenama, to boast etulbmerama, to be suffocated etuna, very warm, hot etuanga, bold, courageous ewolama, to lean against G gabmara, the top of the head galagala, mistaken galagalerama, to be on or goa wrong way galtja, wise, knowing galtjerama, to become wise to teach galtjentama, to make wise, to teach gama, to cut to mince (meat) 4] galkata, the bud (of flowers) gamba, delicate, well-tasting galtjentanentana, a teacher gara, meat garra, clay-ground garilkama, to cry out, to weep garknanteulama, to penetrate garalima, to expect something or someone gartja, sharp, cutting gata (suff.), with gatala, outside, open, clean gatairima, to look into gatilama, to make open, clean gataterilama, to cut off gaterinama, to begin, to start gaualama, to swing gninama, to lend, to borrow gnama, to dig gnagnignama, to dig deep goda, an egg godna, ignorant, unwise gola, hair, long hair goltama, to cover, to protect goltalama (refi.), to cover himself guierama, to wink, to make a sign gulelberama, to get stiff gulatja, ornament for the neck gultja, ornament for the arm gunama, to put into gunbanama, to be lazy, idle, inno- cent, not active gunba, lazy, idle, not active, inno- cent guruna, the soul gutaka, left hand ators ee \ then, after that gurungatjina, | gurknalilama, to forbid I ibatja, milk ibatjangna, breast (of females) ibarkna, the pleura ibinja, a stranger idunta, the stomach ikala, dough ikalilama, to make tough iknima, to fall, to fall off iknitjikalama, to fall down ilalima, to offer ilama, to say ilangara, what time ? ilbangintala, obstinate, disobedient ilbaleala, safe, saved ilbirtja, gray ilbatjaltjura, willing, obedient ilbminta, powerful ilbakutaka, willing, industrious ilbarurtmurka, inaudible ilbunkara, not smeared with fat or colour ilbarilbera, shortly before evening ilbanama, to accuse ilbarinama, to teach, to tell ilbararanama, to hang up ilbankama, to know ilbaleala nama, to be safe ilbaiuma, to doubt ilbmarawuma, to babble ilbamba, a carcass ilbirba, large leaves ilbula, small leaves ilbminta, power, strength ilba, the ear ilbatopa, the ear-lap ilbanta, general rain ilbmara, dew ilbalunga, intia, \ ilelilalama, to paddle, to dabble ilgaia, the cheeks ilgagama, to outwit ilgarkama, to be alarmed ilganama, to sift, to winnow ilgulilgulalama, to walk about ilgulelgua, in all directions ilgaginja, cunning, sly ilga, quiet, settled ilitja, green, unripe, (meat) ilelalbuma, to dictate ilimbina, a leader, hero ilia, an emu iliapa, feathers of emus ilirtja, a furrow, a trench ilinja, a song ilima, to sing ilina, we two ilirtjilama, to burst through (water) ilingauma, to twist ilkagama, to call attention to ilkama, to call or cry out ilkatjintama, i] ilkatnatjintama, | ilkaterama, Lio ilkatinjama, f iltaratuma, to knock at (a door} iltama, to quarrel iltarba, sorry, sorrowful iltjakiltjirka, ugly iltjanja, beefwood iltja, the hand iltjaganja, the finger iltjerama, to rest a Cave frightened or under-done to crow ache ilulama, to dress out, to undress ilulinjalama, to climb down ilunama, to extinguish (fire) iluma, to die, to go out (light) iluma, to dry up (water) imalalguia, imalalkura, imanka, long time before imankinja, very old ima, condemned te die imanama, to hand over to, to offer imaralama, to dash (small waves) imatoalima, to dash (large waves) imateuma, to roll up imambula, danger imbara, a sign, track, annual rings of trees imbulkna, a scar, a mark ilkata, pain ilkapala, full (moon) ilkatilama, to cause pain ilknariuma, to skin ilknima, to wash, to wipe away ilknagama, to force away ilknuinama, to castrate ilknilbiknima, to stagger ilkwaterilama, to help, assist, to accompany ilknakama, to divide, to separate ilkwatera, assistance, companion- ship ilkankula, storm ilknira, naked, poor ilkaunkuanta, quick ilkna, wet, moist iloutja, miserable ilotuma, to throw down ilpanama, i rege ilpulangalama, J ) ilta, a hut, a house iltariuma, to crack iltarkama, to rattle iltarkalilama, to make a rattling iltirbminjatuma, to beat time ilulitijikatjila erauma, to tremble with age imbaninbana, cautious imbanintuma, to have pity imbuma, to let, to permit imbulama, to leave (act) imbalalbuma, imbalalama, imilama, to condemn impanama, to sift inola, a spider inalbuma, to take back inanga, the arm inara, patiently ‘ in great danger, unsafe } t0 forsake, to leave inankala, wise, knowing inbanama, to pass or go over inbora, heavy inbotna, hail-stones inbirka, centipede indota, clever indora (superlative), very indotilama, to adorn indaltja, grasshoppers indama, to lay down, to belong ingalama, to beget ingama, to roar (as animals) inguia, old ingutnala, in the morning ingunta, to-morrow inguntarbuna, the day after morrow ingua, night inguarinja, | inguarakwa, | ingartja, a deep track ingununga, maggots inilalama, to get ininga, beard inima, to fetch injakarilama, | injakarauma, { inkanja, shoulder inka, the foot inkatnita, the sole of the foot inkaganja, the toe of the foot inkalura, a hoof inkarinka, a ladder inkanja, a prayer inkainama, to erect inkariknima, to run out (water) inkailalama, to fly up inkama, to beg inkalerama, to come wicked inkirililama, to make noise inkanindama, to commit adultery secretly inkutilama, to bend inkantama, to follow the track, to track } all inkaraka, inkana, inkana, (also meaning) the last inkilja, wicked, ugly inkara, safe, without danger inkutinkuta, crooked, bent inkarinkara, slender, thin inkarinjaka, altogether inmanmaraulama, to shake the head inmara, waves, mistletoe intitjera, frogs to- a night walker to load upon look angry, to be- intjaginja, poison tooth, the Mag- hellan clouds intoala, honey intitja, sacrum intalinja, Scripture intalingagata, painted, coloured inturka, fearless intita, stink intira, quick intjirka, dry (grass) intarinja, untransparent intjaka, away intitjinjama, to arise (smoke) intjamauma, to unfold intalelama, to write, to make signs intarama, to snore intjakalama, to go away intarinjilama, to unite, bring to- gether intitakerama, to mimic intitakerama, to speak for one intunama, to fell (a tree) intarerguma, to couple together ipitalukaluka, rough, uneven ipita, deep irala, cast-off skin of a snake iranta, black cockatoo irakira, a sign irbaltangirbalterama, to dare irbunga, fishes irbuma, to set (sun), to dip under water irbukalalama, | irbunama, , irbunjama, } irboterama, |to recover imbulknerama,}) sickness irbanjairima, to look into irbonba, all gone, doubtful irbota, peaceful irbonberama, to cease giving away iregeririlama, to make ashamed iregerirama, to be ashamed irgarama, to scrape irgungalalama, to pass over close by irgapa, desert-oak (Casuarina De- caisneana ) irgua, pus irgalanga, a skeleton irgalla, a knife made of stone irgatagama, to smart the eyes (as by smoke) irgaiilama, to blind the eyes (as by the sun) irgaia, invisible irkwanta, courageous irkitjawama, to spin irknala, bark of trees to go into from 43 irkitja, worsted, a string irkna, the husk of seeds iroamhba, disappearing, temporary itangurula, the same number, equal itaka, loose, shaking itarinama, to catch itaringama, to lead itarinama, to pull, drag, or tear itatjata ntema, to give again itia, younger brother or sister itiinjara, brothers and sisters ee | to overtake (running) itinjanaia, } 5 itinja, there, close by itinja, close at hand, very close itja, no, none itnima, to weep itnora, shy, afraid itoa, wild turkey itapmara, the nails of the fingers and toes iwupa, the web of a spider iwuna, what? J jara, ants jaramba, edible eggs of ants jabera, pieces of bark to play with jalta, coal jainama, to send jarauma, to peel jalama, to think, to mean jarinama, to bring thither jakularilama, jabajaberama, jaralama, to search for jakmama, to look at in astonishment jakama, jakalilama, jartja, without branches jalknajalkna, very bright jalbajalba, with long hair jana, and anka, cannot hear jatama, to be frightened jealbmelama, to give notice, to be- tray jerentama, to exchange jeriuma, to scrape oft jia, message jinba, skin jibunakana, a lar jirira, north juntama, to search jibalilama, to deceive jibarinama, to abnegate, to excuse jibarinalama, to deny, to excuse himself jinima, to bind \t0 enquire } t0 persuade jinilama, to refuse jilbainama, to twist round (as snakes) jibuma, to lie jirama, to cease jiranama, to disappear jitalilama, to bend jinga, I jirkna, spiteful jirirakwa, northern jotia, heavy juka, I don’t know (probably an abbreviation) jurka, bridle kata, father katailtja, one’s own father katalira, foster-father kantirkna, the breasts of girls kanta, ice, cold kantakanta, round, a ring kankinja, love, kindness kankanankana, a lover cu aeueee | eeloved kankalta nama, } kaluka, a ram, bull kakuta, a sort of hat kaputa, the head kakalala, white cockatoo kabiljalkuna, pelican kabuluma, to break, or make open kabanentantema, to give gratis kabia lima, to walk softly kakabanama, to announce or give notice kalkukalama, to halt, to limp kankama, to love kantatuma, to fix, to fasten kankuerama, to obey kantanama, to twist kanjalbuma, to make a spear kangalangalerama, to drown karuntama, to dance, to stamp with the feet katelanama, to close the eyes 44 katnalilama, to bring anything high | up, to erect katauliuma, to throw outside katanairima, to look outside katitjalama, to roll katjikatjilama, to tickle katjiamalkura, childish mie Orion (stars) kana (the negative particle) kala, enough kankia, idle, lazy kankinja, kind katna, above katninga, over, upon katnantupa, | katnanta, jj kara, awake keltja, a half, a piece keltjilama, to halve kieka (suff.), on, upon knira, large, big, very knota, whole knirinjara, very much, very many knirerama, to become big knuerama, to forget konja, sad, sorry, mournful kokuma, to bite kokitjagama, to embrace konjerama, to become sad or sorry konjilama, to make sad or sorry kotjima, to gather kotikama, to take down kulkura, sweat kumerama, to rise or wake up kumeralama, to arise from bed kumililama, to awake kumalilanjalbuma, to fetch round kumia ntjainama, to smell sweet kunerama, to become bad kunabinjalama, to charm kurkerama, to become small kubitjakubitjalama, to dash pieces kuterama, to remain kutetalirama, to keep in remem- brance kurka, little, small kuta, always kumia, sweet taste) kuna, bad, sin kumalinga, never kwana, inside kwaninguna, to set aside kwanginga, left hand kwatjakwatja, liquid kwamalaria, safe, without danger kwanama, to swallow kwaniralakalima, to plunge water kwarinama, to hear or attend to kwatjenkama, to thunder kwatja, water, rain kwatjaluralura, heavy rain kwatjatnoatnoa, light rain kwara, girl kwatjambenka, a water-flood kwatjabara, lightning kwenja, protection against in (water, of good into L la, lela (suff.), in, on, by, with, upon labalilama, to roll into labulbarerama, to die by starvation lainama, to shake off lainkerama, to fly away lalknilama, to make ready lalerama, to threaten lalilama, to bring forth lalerutnuma, to mix, to unite lalama, to reject, to repulse lamaknirilama, to be in debt lanalabuma, to earn, to gain, to de- serve lanalama, to burst lankarama, to know, to perceive lankama, to blame lama, to go lanbuma, lanbilalama, lankurutnama, to be embarrassed langama, langerama, langarilama, laragulara lama, to meet larbiuma, to grind on a stone larerama, laralama, larabalanama, to swim (as birds) laralabuma, to swim (as fishes) lakakia, a close relation lada, a branch, a point lalta, liqueous earth lalkira, a stick put through the nose lalkinta, the germ lanba, under the arm lankalaria, knowledge lankeia, a monster, a hideous man latjia, jams lamaknirilinja, debt larabilara, rushes lara, a creek, the Milky Way laralilama, to wash away lauma, to hide away ladna, many lalkna, ready, in order lakina, so, this way, like this lakinja, so many lanjalanja, precious laragulara, again lata, to-day, soon latinja, new lauala, alike, all the same leltja, an enemy lelterama, the waning of the moon lelgerama, to slide, to conquer } to flow over (water) (i mix } t0 swim (as men) 45 lebmerama, to refuse, to retract lerama, to desire, to long for lelgeranama, to crackle lebmintjerama, to leave behind (pro- perty of one deceased) lelama, to promise lenkuelama, to adorn lenkunjalilama, to adorn himself lelingintama, to admonish lena, this lenkina, you, thou lelba, stiff lelka, smooth, even lelta, half (moon) lenkutja, lenkunja, leoa, downward Igurbma, foam lgurbilama, to foam lima, perhaps linganginika, unruly lira, none lingiriuma, to press out lingiuma, to plait lilbalenkuelama, to give willingly lilingerama, to boil litna, the forehead liorkna, a sucker on a tree llanta, a vine of a creeper llanterama, to creep (as vines) lona, thick, broad longa, far distant longakalonga, far away from each other loiloa, bad tasting lola, the bottom loatjira, a lizard longura, the grass-tree lora, grandmother lodakama, to pick out lolguma, to refuse, to reject lowuma, to wipe out lorilama, to water, to drink loanilama, to stir lolouma, to despise louma, to wash Itarbatuma, to clap with hands Itarama, to crackle Italderarma, to rot Itirama, to wound Itjumburknerama, in Itarkalama, to rattle Itarauma, to pinch, to twitch Itirkna, healthy, bold, aloud Itatjiltatja, one, alone Itumba, able, skilful ltirba, sorry, sad pretty, handsome to cease grow- ltalba, ] lulbalulba, lumanamana, ltalda, rotten Itjanma, cray-fish ltulba, the instep Iturkna, a crack Itumba, skill, ability Iturkarauma, to foretell, to predict lurra, not thirsty luara, against lutula, short lubata, unwilling, obstinate lunkura, diverse, different luaela, intentional lunbatunbata, surly, sulky luma, to untie, to loose luralama, to swell lunga, shade, a hut lupara, the upper part of the leg lurkna, the veins, sinews lurinja, a stranger lurbaka, winter luaila, intention lukultmunta, misty rain eis \ eh Gre ukuna, | lulilakalama, to go downward lupatilama, to keep, to retain lularatama, to become thick lunkurilama, to penetrate, to dis- tinguish lunerama, to catch, to seize lurkutankama, to slander lupaterama, to sulk luarerama, to turn himself to one lurkninama, to charm lunbatunbaterama, to grumble, to become sulky luailerama, to intend lurkneritjilama, to stop M mama, a wound mana, bread, vegetable food manga, flies mandera, clothes maia, makura, mangabara, the ghosts of enemies deceased mainama, to hold or keep fast makerama, to spare, to avoid makeralalbuma, to return unsuc- ful mamilama, to wound mangalima, to drive away flies mankama, to grow - full mother, ee SS SN ET mankatjintama, to grow up mankalerama, to get entangled mankilama, to finish mantilama, to shut, to close marerama, to become good marilama, to make good maijinga, good, moral makalaria, not good to eat or drink makalaria, dangerous mala, female manta, closed, blunt, deaf manka, finished manderagata, clothed mara, good matia matitja, mata (part.), full (ornament for the neck, (light clouds mbailitunkara nama, to kneel down mbakama, to pull out . mbakarinama, to unite mbakanama, to lean against mbakatninama, to snap mbakalama, to burst open mbalilama, to act badly, to sin mbangaralama, to double oe Reem bearachild, to breed, 7 > | to lay eggs mbankama, to groan with pain mbangaraterilama, to make two single ones to pair mbarkama, to shine mbarama, to make, to feel mbakata, open, clear of timber, bare mbala, you two mbala, very bad mballa, warm mbanka, tough mbarkinja, bright, shining mbanja, matrimony mbantika, a plain mbala, sin, wrong mbangara, a pair mbalaka, summer mbanjambanja, a mouse mbenka, a flood mbenja, a place mbitjera, an owl mburkagatilalama, to make visible, to reveal mbenbalalbuma, to go or pass over mbeltjerinama, to compare mbeltjilama, to throw together mbomberama, to nurse (sick ones) mbenka, large (fire or water) with clothes, 7.¢., entangled matera, mbogulba, short mburkagatala, evident, open, visible mbultja, innocent mbobula, in the middle mbola, the middle mbobiputaputa, a multitude mbultjama, diarrhcea mbultjita, Capparis Mitchelli (tree) mburka, the body mitja, fire, firewood molbamanalama, to wedge his way through molbamainalilama, to wedge, press a thing through monjamonijilama, to have pity menta, sick, ill monja, slowly multitja, reeds mulknura, worsted spun of hairs murulunga, | Duboisia Hopwoodii mononga, f (‘‘pituri-” tree) N nama, grass nanka, the chest nankarakara, pain in the chest nala, here nalka, satisfied, no longer hungry nangera, erect, straight nana, this natera, these two nanankana, | nanirbera, | nanta, an overloaded stomach nakagata, so big nalbatnauma, to invite, to press naltanalterama, to meet, to see each other naltauma, to throw on one heap naltairima, naltanaltairima, naniulama, namerama, namaneulama, to roll himself nangeralalama, to soar (as birds) nantalerama, to cease nankalilama, to stamp with the feet nangilindama, to turn oneself on the side during sleep nanterama, to fill the belly narguma, to press out natalilama, ) : : -to dissuade one natalatalilama, | natama, to dislike nurama, to rub out seeds natata, a scorpion nbanka, remained nborba, slippery these | to see each other | t0 alter, to change 47 nbunjala, back nbata, a stalk of grass ndolja, picture, likeness ndolka, a fork, branch ndolkarinama, to put across ndardanama, to be silent nealatnerama, to swear nenterama, to understand nenterama, to become distinct nergama, to like, to be fond of nentilama, to make known nekua, father, thumb nenta, strange, indistinct nga, thou ngalbanga, fresh, recovered, healthy ngetjina, then, as, against ngera, like, similar ngualkna, with many branches, hairy, dense nguanga, tame, peaceful ngambakala, a domestic, a native ngamara, the native pheasant nganja, | ngaroa, | ngapa, a crow ngira, a spot nguanga, peace ngumba, a hill ngurangura, evening, afternoon ngula, cool, pleasant, healthy nguinba, to-morrow nguinbarbuna, the day after to- morrow nguna? who? ngunatera? which two? ngunirbera? which ? ngamiuma, to unfold ngankalilama, to knock at the door ngalbanga nama, \ tomove or stretch ngalbanga lama, f oneself nganelilama, to move, to turn any- thing ngama, to carry ngabitjauma, to turn, to roll some- thing ngakilkiuma, to contradict ngetjima, to fetch, to bring ngetjalbuma, to fetch or bring back Bere } to beget ngirima, Dual, © ngulerama, to become cool or plea- sant ngulilama, to make cool, pleasant, or healthy ngurbmalilama, to think, to suppose nilkna, secretly nilknamba, a thief a well ninkarauma, to keep secret for him- self nilknalinama, to steal ningalauma, to suffer nimbatnama, to appoint, to decide nintakanintilama, to separate, to divide ninkierama, to become contented ninterama, to meet ninkea, contented ningalkua, afraid nintangara, once, one time ninta, one nip \ young man or woman un- married nitaia, the menses njaua, a crumb of bread, soft black clay njora, a bush fire njakerama, ntauerama, njerama, to fish njalbutawama, to throw, to hit unin- tentionally or by chance njarerguma, to make a knot njarkuma, to forbid njualilalama, to justify himself njuma, to drink njualelama, to justify njualelanama, to overtake (running) nkanja, the point, dinner-time nkanjarinja, a widower nkala, rain-clouds nkanjunta, a shower of rain nkarba, others nkuabera, corroborree of women nkarknerama, to astonish nkaualama, to ask for leave nkarpauma, to turn anything round nkelalanama, to offer for exchange nkererilama, to undermine (water) nkolanama, to give only good things nkulbinkurilama, to get quite con- tented nkenkalalbuma, to read nkeabuna, a gift, a present nkirkna, an angry one nkarkna, excited nkanjabuna, unmarried, single nkarakara, not there nkurkuturkuta, altogether, all of us noa, husband, wife noaitilja, ( noakatana, § nonba, first nota, the lap nuarintjema, to stink nunangerama, to thunder } to weep, to deplore a married couple 48 nurknanarerama, to become stink- ing, to spoil nulanulilama, to dash to pieces nuralibama, to stop numberama, nuatnama, numbilkera, forbearing, patient nunkara, | iigaad nunkarakwa, f “US S1C¢ nura, quiet numbaka right nururka, the heel murbma, resin ntalbintalba, with many branches ntanga, green bushes ntalta, the rays of sun ntaiuma, towl nilkalindalama, Owe ntankerama, to become healthy, to recover t to stay away ntalterama, to become a man, manly ntaringama, : uae to follow ntanjalerama, to give only bad things ntarbatarinama, to separate ntarbatariralama, to separate him- self ntarauma, to swing ntarbukama, to tear off, to split ntanterama, to watch ntankama, to call ntainama, to spear ntaterama, to become quiet again after mourning ntaramatarauma, to advise ntatnama, | . Z niahetamne, jee have a belly-ache ntalama, to accompany Bae anne, bto dip in ntangalama, ntankalelama, to save, to redeem ntanka, healthy ntatna, strong, powerful ntakagata? how big? ntaritja, calm (wind), quiet (water) ntaginga? how many ? ntana ? where? ntananga ? whence? ntauna ? whither ? ntoritja, ranges, steep ntotnima, to refuse eating, ntotninama, { satisfied already ntema, to give nteelama, to light a fire nteliuma, to flash, to lightning ntitjalbuma, to give back, to return ntjalinama, to charm ntjinama, to blow (wind) ntjinanama, to go, to draw away (clouds) ntjumalama, to go for good ntjualilama, to follow ntjilbutilama, to hit ntjumala ntema, to give away, to make a present ntjumara nama, to turn away from another one ntjuma, to be in discord ntjima, ntjilima, ntjia, sweat ntjabera, whole ntjara, distinctly (speaking) ntjuma, away ntjelba, not sappy, dry ntuaragala, farther away nturkna, sad, sorry ‘ntuara, ntuarakwa, ntuarintjirka, through ntualilama, to hit not, to miss ntuana, yellow nturantura, bad, ugly (face), angry nturba, true ntulta, steps on a ladder ntulba, the hip ntura, a split, crack ntuma, to dance ntutilama, to feed, to nourish ntutjarauma, to announce nturknerama, to become sorry nturanturerama, to distort the face nturbalilama, to confess nturbankama, | to speak the truth nturbilama, f{ nturuma, to growl ntutamea, food } to warm himself other side 0 aes false, untrue ortjalta, a he, untruth ortjerama, to lie ortjerinarina, a liar ortjibebilama, to deceive, to swindle ortjitingerama, | to deceive, todisap- ortjitingilama, ) point ortjitingilalama, to deceive oneself P parpa, quick parpala, quickly puta, hill, stone, mount parama, to stop, to bar D palbaparama, to take conquer, to subdue putapalalama, to go incautiously or boldly parempara, a bend of a creek R raba (suff.), without raltutja, a clear distinct voice ramalkura, all the same, alike rambarknira, mad, furious, raging raienkama, to breathe railakaraila ntema, to give unequally rakama, to take away ralbarankama, to babble ralibuma, to make heaps rambarambatnanama, to wash away (water) rangauma, to remit (punishment) rantarkninkama, to sob, to hiccough rauerilama, to separate himself rauerama, to scatter raualilama, to throw away, to sow ratjilanma, to endeavour to do rargua, the Pleiades (stars) raga, the hand rangiltja, accidental ranjaranja, furious, wrathful, ex- cited raka, after rarka, \ bald, hairless rirka, rata, short (speech) rara : sarleatioy t easy, light rarpa (suff.), self renalama, to go thither reknuma, to call eon \ to get angry rilerama,}~ ® ry relbukama, to pull away rera, kangaroo renta, about reta, first, dumb rilama, to let, to take care, to look about rinjerama, to wish, to desire rinjanama, to like rinjerguma, to strangle rinjulbmerama, to choke, to die by thirst rinjalatnama, to send one away riljinga, the twilight in the morning rinja, the throat rilera, tame, quiet, good rilerarilera, harsh-, rough-voiced rirtja, dry rirtna, soft away, to rinjintjirka, thirsty riralama, to walk quickly rirama, to shine rirtjerama, to get dry ririralbuntama, to run away rolta, very angry roamba, temperate, sober roka, quiet rorgama, | rorginjama, | rokerama, to get quiet rokilama, to make quiet ° roralilama, to shake rotna, the chin rukutilama, to offer, to promise rubulubulerama, to get dizzy runtalkniuma, to shut, to forgive rumerama, to appear rumeritjalbuma, to appear again rualima, to run (as water) runkula, wise, accustomed rula, wood . rurra, a room rutjarutja, a large wooden tray T to make a noise ta, tautara, I talinta, even, smooth tamba, loose, shaking, perishable, fading taltja, unripe, green, weak talkina, fugitive talambata, long (speech) tana, there tanja, long, tall tarta, shallow, not deep taringaringa, laughing, merry taia, the moon tagitja, a block of wood, the ribs takera, the roots of plants and trees talkua, a line, a sign talua, the end tantalinalina, a curtain tangatanga, the cross bone tailbelilama, to stumble takalilama, to push on, to drive on takalama, to tumble down through age takerama, to be times takiuma, to sow takurindaima, to lean against talama, to shut out (water) talakauma, to hear attentively taluerama, | taluilama, talakerguma, to span, to tie round taljilama, to reconciliate frightened some- -to finish, to cease 50 taljawuma, to throw far away tama, to crack with a whip tambarkalama, to creep, to crawl tanbilama, to offer for exchange tangaparama, | toaparama, f tantama, to prick, to sew to encircle, to shut - tangutangilama, to change, mistake or relieve tangitjatalama, | to shut in, sur- topagama, Jj roundor encircle tangilama, to come before one tangitjalama, to help, to assist taraunjinama, to blow up or make up a fire taratnama, to hang down tarama, to laugh tapinba, alive taritjerama, to get calm (wind) tatama, to glow tataka, red, evening-red tata, a spark taua, a bag taturatura, hell teuma, to scrape, or scratch off teelintama, to make afraid teelabuljabula nama, to honour terirama, to become afraid terilkalama, ) telaelalama, f tekua, a rat terilka, fright, fear teelabuljabula, honour terabalabalalama, to warn telama, to show tenama, to beget tera, two tentia, | topata, | terba, pretty tilirkilirka, all of us, at once tinjauma, to inter, to bury tmaiatuma, to ask, to consult tmanjiratjalama, to haunt (ghosts) tmatera, to get perplexed tmapalalama, to swim tjaba, worms, maggots tjaia, a path tjalbma, chips tjalabalapa, the navel tjalanka, resin tjaka, the joint of bones tjamalarelja, an honest one (trust- worthy) tjarita, a furrow, a deep track tjata, a spear tjata,.a species of Hakea tjatjera, companionship to flee, to run away slanting tjauarilja, the part of game given to the old men tjakama, to kill, to throw fatally tjanalilama, to lead or guide through tjankala, at last tjaka, loose, shaking tjarunka, knowing, wise tjarbinarinama, to make a heap - 3) | tjurkmanterama, to get strong again, tjartjatuma, to correct, rectify or | to confess tjartjarinama, to pay a visit tjartjagatilama, to agree with, to | affirm tjarinama, to draw, pull off, or pull tjeba, a piece tjebma, the ribs tjekula, \ Cycas-palms (Encepha- tjukukula,f lartos MacDonnelli) tjelia, a small wooden tray tjebakama, to break in pieces tjenjama, to appoint tjenkama, to appear (the souls of the deceased) tjerama, to roast tjeberama, to get broken tjerentama, to exchange tjikai (inter]j.), ah ! see! tjibatjiba, zealous, industrious tjikara, full of cracks tjinba, familiar, intimate tjiltja, soft, tender tjimara, a row or line tjimaralama, to go in one line tjiberama, to look under or down tjinbalama, to wait for one tjinbalilama, to make intimate tjinankilama, to reconciliate tjinatnama, to twist together me, a friend, a mate tjilera, ? tjilera, white worsted tjininga, property tjintalbintaninja, full of abscesses tjoa, meagre, poor, (also) boys tjoerama, to get poor or meagre tjontilama, to begin tjontia, the beginning tjora, the shin-bone tjora, sunshine tjoananga, twins tjaiairima, to look out for the road tjortjikama, to console, to comfort the nail of fingers and toes, the claws of birds tjumala, for ever as a present tjunama, to lift, to lift up tjurirama, to look at tjubmara, to recover tjuerama, to heal tjurankama, to rush or roar (as water) tjurka, figs tjulka, limestone tjununkara, a sacrifice tjurungara, corroboree tjuta, porcupine grass tmata, false tmaina, perplexed tmara, a camp tmariltja, a native, a domestic tmarankanja, the camp of the men tmarankinja, an abandoned camp tmaratmara, beetles tmaranja, a question basen | a stalk of grass mora, | tmalabortja, the hip tmulbura, the throat tmura, dense, broad tmurka, yesterday tmurkarbuna, the day before yester- day tnakuna, dirty tnagama, to part to divide tnakama, to believe tnama, to stand, stand up or get up tnadangauma, to lift upon, to lift up tnakalama, to rise in wrath tnaritjerama, to be glad, to merry tnainama, to graze, to pasture, to watch tnanbuma, to jump over, to jump tnabuta nama, to be unchaste tnabuta, rank, unchaste tnatna, pitiful tnara, the hind-part tnainaninanina, a shepherd tnalta, a path tnadinga, stem of a tree tnadinga, the lower part of anything tnama, a pointed stick tnanjama, to praise tnanbutnanbulama, to jump (as a kangaroo) tnauma, to drive away tnauerama, to be discontented tnakinjiuma, to part, to give each his part tnaljama, to crush, to smash to knock to pieces, to crush seeds tnatangauma, to help or assist get tnanakatatuma, | tnerka, peaceable tnerkarkerama, to dissuade tnerenkama, to blame tnenema, to hit fatally tnetuanetnana, rheumatism tnenka, a revenger tnitimbuma, to be angry tnitatalama, to curvet from joy or pain tnitaumalanama, to counteract tnilalama, to weep, to weep for tnima, to weep tninjarirama, to separate himself tniritjerama, to hope tnita, the belly tnitjimba, voluntary tnitemba, half full tnoatnoa, rich tnonta, pregnant with child tnolba, intemperate tnolkama, to get a fright tnolkalilama, to cry for fright tnoerama, to lift the hand in tnoeranjama, { beating tnoirama, to aim at, to take aim tnunmerama, to get faint by heat tnumbarilama, to groan with pain tnurinjilama, to foretell or predict tnunta, a corner tnuma, a cripple tnuntintnunta, cornered, angular topinba, alive topinga, behind toparinama, to put upon topintjarinama, to skin, to cut off torintama, to press on topanama, Nee bend tuakama, stoop tonkama, to draw (water) toperama, |} to turn round toperanjama, | topalealerama, to turn himself round topangatopangilama, to fence tolkinjalama, to walk about for nothing toperanjalbuma, to come back toparilama, to boast tora, the land near creeks topa, the back topirka, the kidneys topangatopa, a fence tuedaguteda, far away from each other tuatjatuatja, lazy, idle, slow tutna, certain, true tunka, short, thick tuorala, the place of the ghost of enemies down, to 52 the claw, the steps cut in the bark of trees in order to climb up them tuma, to beat turuma, to frighten turinjilama, to make short tuedinama, to change, to take a wrong one tunama, to order, to command tuailalama, to pay a visit tungarilama, to announce, threaten tuelagama, to break the neck turatura, short, low tupa or tuatja, a valley or gorge tukara, | tmataka, tuta, also, too, and U ulaialama, to disperse, to scatter ulbara, the ears of cereals ulbainja, a boomerang ulbulbara, a sow-thistle ulba, colour ulbulbana, bats ulbaia, creeks ulbatja, ringneck parrot ulbmara, a dust-storm ulbarara nama, to hang up ulburkninjatuma, to beat time (at a corroboree) ulbma, narrow ulbutia, exhausted ulbuta, dirty, old, perished, bad ulbutilama, to make bad or dirty, to: damage ulbuterama, to become bad or old ulbelama, to dash in small pieces ulbunjama, to pull off or out uboljilama, to wither, to fade uboljerama, fading, withering ulerama, to hide away ulelama, to increase ultarbakabirka, coloured, coloured ultagulta, under water ulta, hollow ultargama, to break, to tear ulta, the side, the front part ultamba, honey ultmunta, dust ultunta, drops ultmelama, to bring or drive to- gether ultuma, to cover ultundikima, to drop umba, to blister, to gall tuatja, to ‘ an ulcer or abscess Say- unbulara, the rainbow una (prep.), 1m, on, to, into unbuma, to send away or off unbulama, to revoke, to leave unkulunkulilama, to damage, to in- jure unkualtjerama,\to crumble, to unkualtjilama, / moulder unbantjainama, to smell bad, to stink unba, stinking unda, a clay-pan unkuana, bones unbulata, bitter, bad tasting unka or enta, almost unta, thou, you unkwanga, thy, your unbata, serious, earnest unma, ripe, cooked, roasted, well- done unkuanka, bloodthirsty unkuala, sweet unkulara, a valley unbulara, a little whirl-wind unkualtja, crumbs, small pieces untama, to endeavour, to strive for ura, fire, firewood uranburanba, fiery, like fire urubaruba, a big whirl-wind urbia, a messenger urara, an echo urbula, black, dark, blue urbutja, some urbutjarbuna, some others urunka, wise, learned, accustomed urungara, also, too urbanama, to sprinkle urgarbuma, to prepare urgultalawama, to flash, to lightning to tumble down through age, to crush urerinama, to go through between others urenama, to disappear ururinjaruralama, to go to and fro uruntjama, to kiss urunkuntema, to teach urunkerama, to learn, to get accus- tomed urknuerama, to rot urkwarkerama, to destroy by fire urumba, elder sister urumbinjara, brothers and sisters urkna, sap, a liquid urana, a murderer uruna, the James’ Ranges urbura, small magpie urbmultjalama, i urba, the backbone urbina, seed-pods, a scar or mark urumitja, wilderness, desert uritjima, Mount Sonder utnuma, to bite | certain W wa, wabala, wakuia, wantai, wataka, walbawalba, overheated wara, only, without purpose wantinja, sappy watawara, slender, thin wantama, to affirm wabalilama, to assent, to consent walama, to think, to suppose wagama, to keep, to detain wankama, to swell wangerama, to grumble, to murmur wanama, to blow (wind) wanjalama, to lick waritja, a hut warka, a crumb of bread wama, to throw warentama, to borrow, to give for a time only waratalama, to go in a line watinjalama, to spot, to stain watinjalilama, to stain himself welgalilama, to bend wedawedalama, to spy wolanitjalbuma, to go to the as- sembly wolatja, breasts of females wola, a heap, a meeting or assembly wolibuma, | to heap, to pile, to as- wolilama, | semble wolakama, to bark (as dogs) wolakawalerama, to remember wonjama, to suck out, to suck wontama, to provide for wonawonilama, to keep, to detain, to preserve wotilberamia, to prick up the ears (horses or dogs) worinterama, to get strong again (after illness) wolkna, a grave wora, a boy wora, steam wotna, wet, moist woka, why worinta, solid wood wota, again, once more, more wumbuma, to burn yes, of course, certainly wunierama, to perish by thirst wunia, mosquitoes wunja, wunjinga, wumbia, warmth, heat wurinja, wind aunt Oo ADDENDA — terminations of time nguntangunta, morning before sun- rise ngutnala, morning after sunrise nkanjankanja, before noon nkanja, noon ngurangura, afternoon alkneraka, evening namaltalbutia, after sunset lilika, now, directly lata, now, to-day, soon latakwaia, only for a little while tmurka, yesterday tmurkawaia, the day before yester- day tumurkalkura, some days ago imankatmurka, some time ago imankakata, long time ago imankaltjiranga mballa, from eter- nity inguntawaia, the morrow inguntalkura, in some days ingunta anma, in a short time ingunta arbarmaninja, ina long time ingunta arbarbuka, in an uncertain time etatjata, in eternity rinba, long time ago irolangala, a very long time lata ngala, a short time lata ntema, soon again day after to- NAMES OF SNAKES INDIGENOUS IN CENTRAL AUSTRALIA. NoN-VENEMOUS. — Renina (carpet snake), knaringa, rata, inturkuna, latna, runburunga, ntadirka, VENEMOUS.—Putamanina, ilumbalitnima, lalagalba, kelupa, kabaltaringa, ilbiralea, lalbalanana, elanjararantanina, erulanga- lanana, ntjurtja, baraloatjira. Cr ea | CONTRIBUTIONS ON THE FUNGAL FLORA OF AUSTRALIA. By Proressor Dr. F. Lupwic, of Greiz, Germany. [Translated and communicated by J. G. O. Tepper, F.L.S. ] [ Read December 2, 1890. ] I1.—Tue Parasitic FUNGI, CLASSED As “ Rusts” ano “Smuts” (UREDINEH AND USTILAGINE#). The Rusts and Smuts belong to those moulds, which, on the one side, may be studied by the general public, but have special interest for the owner of a microscope on account of their diver- sity of forms; on the other side they enforce general recognition by infesting many flowering plants, notably those cultivated by farmers, gardeners, foresters, &c., which are sometimes not only seriously damaged by them,. but wholly destroyed. The more complete knowledge of these moulds has led people in Europe to avoid much damage and loss in various instances. Thus the ordinary Corn Rust (Puccinia graminis) is decreasing since the Berberis-hedges are being removed from the neighbourhood of cornfields (upon these the Aicidium-generation is developed) ; plantations of conifers and fruit-trees remain both free from the attack of the rusts since they are being rigorously separated, because the Gymnosporangiwm species of the Conifers require the fruit-trees to complete upon them their Reestelia-stage, and vice versa. Another corn rust, Puccimia rubigo-vera, is also widely distri- buted in South Australia; its Aicidia develope upon Boraginaceous plants. It is therefore only necessary to discover the particular species in order to limit and prevent the spreading of the rust. In this direction there are numerous other practical problems connecting themselves with this question, which can only be solved with any certainty when the fungal flora of the respective country as approximately known. This, as shown by the following List of known Australian Rusts and Smuts, is by no means yet the case. In this direction even the ordinary practical worker can render valuable assistance, also those scientific students who are actively engaged in other specialties could turn advantageously some of their attention to the fungi. In the interest of the elucidation of the fungus flora of South Australia, and of the later practical deductions that might be drawn from the results 56 thus obtained, the members of the Royal Society are urgently requested to promote this work as much as lies in their power. If desired I will readily undertake with my mycological friends the identification of the collected material. LIST OF AUSTRALIAN UREDINEZ. Of the Rust Fungi rather more than 1,200 species are known, and in a small district of Germany, containing a few square miles, several hundred species are to be found. From the whole of Australia only some thirty species, as enumerated here, are known. For the sake of brevity, the three generations, Aicidium, Uredo, and Teleutospores, are indicated respectively by the Roman numerals I., IT., ITT. Uromyces vesiculosus, Wint.—On Zygophyllum ammophilum, TT., III., Spencers’ Gulf (Baron F. v. Mueller). - fusisporus, Cke. et. Mass.—On Acacia salicin Melbourne (Baron F. v. Mueller), II., III. tt digitatus, Wint.—On dAcaza notabilis, II., IIL, Gawler (J. G. O. Tepper). si Tepperianus, Sacc.—On Acacia salicina and A. myrtifolia, III., Mount Lofty (Tepper). s Microtidis, Cke.—On Microtis porrifolia, IIL., N. S. Wales. - Limoselle, Ludw.—On Limosella aquatica, I., IIL., Kangaroo Island (Tepper). Puccinia graminis, Pers. (Corn Rust).—On Avena sativa, IL., IIL, Melbourne (Reader), I. (Aucidium), not yet known from Australia, elsewhere on Berberis sp. ( rubigo-vera, D. C. (Red Rust), (1.), IT., IIT. In Europe the Aicidium of this rust, which is very injurious to cereals (Rye and Barley), also de- velopes upon Boraginee (Anchusa, &c.); from Australia only II. and III. are known as yet, on Poa annua (Melbourne, Reader), Alopecurus (Coromby, Victoria, together with Selerospora macrospora, Sacc.; Tepper), and wheat (all the colonies). af bullata (Pers.), Schreeter.—On Umbellifere, I., IL., III. In Europe also an enemy for cultivated plants, such as Celery, &e. : Prenanthidis (Pers.), Fuchel. rimosa (Lk.), Wint.—On Jsolepis nodosa, near Mel- bourne (Reader). D7 Puecinia Lagenophore, Cke., I., IT., I1I.—On Lagenophora Billardiert, at Omeo. The same plant is also at- tacked by a mildew fungus, viz., Hrysiphe (Dimerosporium) Ludwigianum, Sacc. The Mount Lofty Ranges (Tepper). “ Sacecardoi, Ludw., I., I11.—On Goodenia geniculata (Tepper). To it belongs, doubtlessly, Mcidiwm Goodeniacearum, Berk.; on Selliera vradicans (Reader). On plants of this order was also found another fungus, Synthytriwm Succise (Tepper). oe aucta, Berk. et. Muell., I., I1T.—On Lobelia anceps, L. pedunculata, and L. platycalyx, Victoria. J Ludwigii, Tepper, II., I11.—On Rumea Brownii, Coromby, Victoria (Tepper). se Malvacearum, Mont., I11.—On different Malvaceous species (Reader, Tepper). This rust came first from Chili to Europe, and has been distributed over all continents, and everywhere injured the wild and cultivated mallows greatly, even eradi- cating them at some places. - Alyxiz, Cke, IJII.—On Alyxia buaifolia, near Brighton, Victoria (Campbell). e Berkeleyana, De Toni, ITT.—On Dichondra repens. Phragmidium Barnardi, Plow. et. Wint. (I.), I1., I1T.—On Rubus parvifolium ; Victoria (Barnard), S. Australia (Tepper). és Potentillz (Pers.), Wint., (I.), II., ITJ.—On AcenaSanguisorbe, near Melbourne (Reader). The species of this genus, of which a number is known from all the other continents, occur only on Rosacez. Melampsora Lini, Pers. (Flax rust)—On Linwm marginale, &e., near Melbourne (Reader), Murray River (Tepper). Uredo Clematidis, Berk.—On Clematis microphylla; Mel- bourne (Reader). ‘“ notabilis, Ludw.—On Acacia notabilis; Roseworthy (Tepper). The Uredo spores of this rust, which de- forms the phyllodia considerably, have been described and figured by me in the “Bot. Centralblatt,” No. 27, 1890 (the cellular contents of the peduncle should be removed from the figure), and are distinguished by a very remarkable surface sculpture. They are covered 58 by reticulations resembling the cells of bees, within which arise small rounded protuberances. The other stages of this and the other Uredo, Reestelia, and AKcidium kinds have to be discovered yet. Uredo armillata, Ludw.—On Juncus pallidus, near Coromby, Victoria (Tepper). It belongs to an unknown species of Puccinia. ‘* angiosperma, Thuem.—On VH/akea (Baron F. vy. Mueller). *‘ Anguillari#, Cke.—On Anguillaria dioica; Upper Macquarie River (Hamilton). ‘* Rhagodiz, Cke. et. Mass.—On Rhagodia Billardieri (Watt). ‘* Spyridii, Cke. et Mass.—On Spyridium parvifolium (Watt). Restelia polita, Berk.—On Muehlenbeckia Cunninghamii and Jacksonia scopariu. Brisbane. Most probably belonging to some Gymnosporangium of some Cypress species. Acidium Cymbonoti, Thuem.— Victoria. Ranunculacearum, D.C.—The Crow’s-foot Aicidia belong to various kinds of rusts affecting Graminee. List oF AUSTRALIAN USTILAGINEZ. Our knowledge of the Australian Smuts is not much better than that of the Rusts, for of about 400 known species of Ustilaginee only the following 15 are known from Australia, some of which also are unwelcome guests to the agriculturist :— Ustilago segetum (Bulliard), Wint. The common black smut of the cereals. On Avena sativa; Melbourne (Reader). On wheat, &c. 4g bromivora (Tul.), Wint. On Bromus mollis; Mel- bourne (Reader). ee solida, Berk. On Schenus imberbis ; Melbourne (Reader). i utriculosa (Nees), Winter. In the flowers of Polygonum minus - near Melbourne (Reader). a australis, Cke. In the carpels of Hriachne, sp- (Ey. Mi). - Muelleriana, Thuem. In the seeds of Juncus planifolius ; Victoria (Baron F. v. Mueller); Mount Lofty (Tepper). 59 Ustilago Fimbristylis, Berk. In the seeds of Mimbristylis ; Melbourne. a marmorata, Berk. On the leaves of Isolepis pro- lifera. oe Tepperi, Ludw. In the stem and floral parts of Amphipogon strictus and Neurachne alopecwroides ; Torrens Gorge and Highbury Scrub (Tepper). Cintrastia axicola, Berk. Im the grains and panicles of Cyperus, Scirpus, and Fimbristylis. Doassantia punctiformis, Wint. On Lythrum hyssopi- folium Thecaphora globulifera, Berk. et Br. In the palea of Leersia hexandra. Sorosporium Muellerianum. In the panicles of Cladiwm filum. sy Eriachnis, Thuem. In the spikes of Hriachne. Cerebella Paspali, Cke. et Mass. On Paspalus scrobiculatus. II. Parasitic ENEMIES OF EUCALYPTUS AND ACACIAS. Among the fungi collected by Mr. Tepper during the last few years the parasitic enemies of Eucalypts and Acacias are remark- ably numerous. They have been partly identified by me, partly by Messrs. Winter and Saccardo at my request. They are the following :-— A. Enenvies of Eucalypts. Polyporus Eucalyptorum, Fr. Hexagona durissima, Berk. On Z£. obliqua. Poria mollusea, Fr. .On Z£. obliqua. ‘* — obliqua, Fr. Polystictus cinnamomeus, Jacq. Ceriomyces incomptus, Sacc., 2. sp. Conidia-form of a Polyporus. Crepidotus haustellaris, Fr. On Z. viminalis. Panus lateritius, Sacc. Stereum fasciatum, Schr. re eyathiforme, var. minor, Sacc. Xylopodium australe, Berk. On £. hemiphloia ; Victoria. Rhamphoria ‘tenella, Sacc., ». sp. On Z. viminalis. Comarosporium Euealypti, Wint. Physarum album, Fr. 60 B. Enemies of Acacia. Phyllosticta phyllodiorum, Sacc., 7. sp. Septoria phyllodiorum, Sacc., x. sp. Uromyees digitatus, Wint. ‘s (Pileolaria) Tepperianus, Sacc. Uredo notabilis, Ludw., x. sp. Capnodium elongatum, Berk. et Cke. Stereum hirsutum (W.), Fr. “ Kalehbrenneri, Sacc. III. On rue Position oF CLaTHRUS (ILEODICTYON) TEPPERIANUS, Ludw. Since I published the description of a species differing from all forms of Clathrus hitherto known under the above name (Bot. Centralblatt, Nov. 27, 1890), a larger work of one of the best authorities in respect of the Phalloidee has appeared (‘“ Unter- suchungen zur vergleichenden Entwichlungsgeschichte und Systematik der Phalloideen,” von Dr. E. Fischer, in Denkschriften d. Schw. Naturf. Gesellsch., vol. 32, part 1., 1890). In this work the distinguished mycologist reduces several hitherto separate kinds into wider species. This he does also with the hitherto distinct species of Clathrus (Ileodictyon) cibarius (Tul.), Fischer, (with transversely ridged branches), and Clathrus gracilis (Berk.), Schlecht (branches delicate and smooth). With the union of these two species the independence of C. Tepperianus would also cease, as the latter stands between the two former. It resembles C. cibarius in the dimensions and the breadth of the reticulating branches, and approaches the C. gracilisetype by their smoothness, but does not nearly reach the dimensions of some species in the London and Paris collections. From the standpoint of Dr. Fischer the three hitherto recognised species, C. cibarius, C. Tep- pertanus, and C. gracilis, would have to be united under the name C. cibarius (Tul.), Ed. Fischer. Herr Fischer, however, writes to me :—“ To be quite sure in the union of these species, all the connecting links of the series should certainly be before me, at least in the form of spirit specimens, and even then it would not be certain whether these different forms were individual variations or constant varieties. Only observations in the respective locali- ties or artificial cultivation can decide this point.” To initiate and encourage such observations and cultural ex- periments 77 loco has been the motive for the above remarks. 61 REMARKS ON PHOTOGRAPHING THE SOLAR ECLIPSE OF 1ZTH DECEMBER, 1890. By D. B. Apamson. [Read February 3, 1891] I lay before you to-night some photo-negatives of the late solar eclipse, also a photographic enlargement of one of the same. The instrument used in taking them being a Newtonian reflector of 12} in. aperture. Although with this instrument (when armed with the solar diagonal and dark glass) we can gaze on the sun’s disc very comfortably, I found that a further reduction of the light would be required for the purpose of photography. Know- ing that eclipses do not wait for any one, I set about making preparations and experiments a week before hand. My first at- tempt was with a diminished aperture and a very short exposure (one which might almost be termed instantaneous), using a com- mon dry plate. On developing this I was somewhat surprised to find that on the centre of the plate (where a black disc should have been) there was only a circle of clear glass more transparent than the surrounding parts of the plate, the gelatine having quite disappeared from the exposed part. My next idea was to remove the silver from the face of the small speculum (having spare ones), and to place behind this a piece of black woollen cloth, in hopes of reducing, if not altogether getting rid of, the double reflection. I found that this gave a very cool reflection, but still so distinctly double that it was of no use for my pur- pose, so I replaced the small silvered speculum. I next removed the silver from the large speculum (having a duplicate of same), leaving only the bare glass to give the reflection, and by reducing the aperture of the telescope to seven inches, I succeeded in pro- ducing the photos as you see them. Although the slowest dry plates were used, and the exposure was almost instantaneous (being the time occupied by a one and three-quarter inch hole in a slide falling past a similar hole at the focus of the telescope), still it was too long, but by using a very weak developer the photos came out fairly sharp. My plan of procedure was in the first place to watch for the first contact, which took place at 11h. 21 m.35s.a.m. This was very sharp and clear, the atmo- sphere being fairly steady. I next gave my attention to photo- graphing, taking five negatives at various stages of the eclipse, my desire being to obtain one as nearly central as possible. This, 62 I thought, would be a permanent and measurable record of the quantity of the eclipse for future reference. Having obtained the negatives, the next thing was to watch for the final contact. Not only was the sun’s image less steady at this period, but also an alarm of fire somewhat disturbed the observation, so that it was not so certain as the first, still I do not think it can be more than two seconds out. The final contact took place at 1 h. 54 m. 30s. p.m. By these times of first and final contact I find that the second photo I took at 12h. 36m. 4s. was 1 m. 42°5's, earlier than the centre of the eclipse, but the nearest thereto. From this | have made a photographic enlargement, six and a- half inches in diameter. By applying the accompanying scale of hundredths to this photo, we see at once that the encroachment or overlapping measures 40°5 hundredths. Allowing for the photo not being exactly central, a very small amount should, of course, be added. Being so near the centre of the eclipse, the advance made would be very small (not more than half one of the divisions of the scale), so that the whole amount of the ob- scuration may fairly be set down as 41 hundredths of the sun’s diameter. As proof of this, it may be added that the third negative, taken at 12 h. 40 m. (being 2 m. 13°5 s. later than the centre of the eclipse), measures just perceptably less than the former. It may be stated as a proof of the absence of anything in the way of distortion that the photos taken previous to the eclipse are perfectly circular. The enlargement is so sharp that on close examination some of the protuberances on the moon’s limb can be readily distinguished. 63 DESCRIPTION OF A NEW SPECIES OF COSSUS. By da Ow Teprrr,,1.L:8. [Read February 3, 1891.] Plate I. Cossus Edwardsi, spec. nov. Female. Dark blackish grey. Palpi prominent, reflexed, underside white, upper black. Eyes grey, with irregular black patches. Antenne setaceous, nar- rowly white above, remainder dark greyish brown; basal joint very stout, as long as five or six of the next put together, the two following about half the diameter of the first, rapidly tapering ; remainder very short, and very gradually tapering to a fine point at apex. Face blackish, a patch of scales above the palpi, and the hair-like scales around the base of antennze whitish. Pro- thorax dark blackish grey ; in front a patch of long black scales, intermixed with a few white ones.. Mesothorax broadly bordered in front, and laterally by long white hairs, blackish behind. Metathorax blackish, broadly white laterally, narrowly behind. Abdomen dark blackish grey, with some very narrow paler bands above, a broad pale stripe laterally, white when adjoining the dark brown, pale bordered, very glossy ventral plates, the last two segments covered with dense white down underneath. Wings blackish, margins and border grey, the latter with very devious inner boundary on the forewings. Forewings between subcostal and median vein, with three roundish spots, rather large, the middle one largest, and separated into two very unequal parts by a dark cuneiform line; a large round white spot in the middle of the disk below the median vein; a small whitish spot between the apical branches of the latter. Hindwings, the costa, and the space overlapped by the forewings white, remainder dark brown- ish grey. Veins dark brown, much more curved than in C. cinereus. Fringe very narrow, pale. Underside of thorax and legs covered with dense whitish down, the forewings clouded lighter and darker, most of the markings of the upper side visible below ; subcostal and median veins bordered broadly by long bluish-white hairs for about two-thirds of the length ; space be- yond anal vein silvery white ; hindwings have the costa partly and narrowly white, remainder ashy grey. Length of body, 2? inches ; span of wings, 62 inch. The species differs from the common Cossus cinereus in much 64 darker colour, the characteristic and promiscuously spotted fore- wings, and the different curvatures of the veins. A single specimen was received through Mr. G. E. Edwards, from Windsor, near Adelaide, on December 5, 1888, no other having been seen previously by me or other collectors, to whom I have shown it. Mr. Hy. Edwards, a noted Lepidopterologist of the United States America, who visited Adelaide last year, has studied this and its allied family specially, and has lately written me that he cannot find anything at all resembling this species among described ones. It is hereby dedicated to him and the finder conjointly. 65 FURTHER NOTES ON AUSTRALIAN COLEOPTERA, WITH DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW GENERA AND SPECIES. By the Rev. T. Buacksurn, B.A. [Read April 7, 1891.] EX. CARABIDAL, HY PHARPAX. H, Sloanei, sp. nov. Minus elongatus; viridi-eneus ; antennis (his apicem versus vix infuscatis), palpis, mandibulis (his basi apiceque piceis), ned*bus (femoribus leviter infuscatis), elytrorum margine t21ui, et abdominis apice, testaceis ; pro- thorace fortiter transverso, postice quam antice vix latiori, postice utrinque foveolato, foveolis vix perspicue punctulatis, lateribus modice rotundatis, angulis posticis obtusis vix rotundatis, latitudine majori vix ante medium posita ; elytris fortiter striatis, interstitiis subconvexis postice haud magis elevatis, 3° prope apicem puncto setifero instructo. Maris tarsis anterioribus 4 fortiter dilatatis, intermediorum ar- ticulo 1° subtus simplici; femoribus posticis subtus late angulatis (vix dentatis); tibiis posticis leviter arcuatis. ione.31, > lat. 1 1 From the other species of Hypharpax, not greatly larger than it, the present species may be known by the combination of the following characters :—Legs entirely pallid (the femora only a little brownish), elytra strongly striated (almost as strongly as in ff. ranula, Cast.) ; anterior 4 tarsi of male very strongly dilated (about as strongly as in H. inornatus, Germ.) ; posterior femora of male only widely and obtusely angulated in place of the strong tooth found in //. inornatus, vilis, &c. ; posterior tibie of male regularly and only slightly curved, not bent inwards strongly near the apex. Perhaps the strong striation of the elytra is the best single character. The prothorax is almostas in //. inornatus, Germ., as also are the hind tarsi. N.S. Wales; taken near Mulwala by Mr. T. G. Sloane. DICROCHILE, D. ventralis, sp. nov. Sat elongata; minus convexa; sat nitida 2 . 5 ae . ; . (mas) vel subopaca (femina) ; nigra vix znescens; antennis palpis tarsisque plus minus picescentibus ; prothorace quam 66 longiori vix tertia parte latiori, quam caput vix latiori, canaliculato, obscure transversim rugato, lateribus minus late reflexis ante medium subangulatis ante angulos posticos sinuatis, his obtusis sat distinctis ; elytris striatis, interstitiis sat planis (nihilominus 3° 5° 7° que apicem versus carinatis, 3° mox ante apicem externe abrupte angulatim dilatato), 3° punctis 2 vel 3 instructo. Maris segmentis ventralibus 3-5 in medio sat crasse trans- versim rugatis vel squamoso-punctulatis et setis pallidis obsitis. Long., 7 1.; lat., 3 1. The sides of the prothorax very distinctly sinuate behind (and angular before) the middle, together with the peculiar sculpture of the elytral interstices posteriorly, render this a very distinct species. The prothorax is scarcely more than half as wide as the elytra. The peculiar external angulation of the hind part of the third elytra] interstice is best observed by looking along the elytra with the head of the insect directed towards the observer when it is very conspicuous. Compared with D. Goryi, Boisd. (apart from colour and the very different shape and proportions of the prothorax), this species has the prothorax obscurely roughened with fine puncturation (where in Grory7 it is strongly rugulose), much less widely margined, «ec. ; the elytral interstices much less convex and very differently formed at the apex ; also the ventral segments of the male much less nitid and having all the middle part sculptured and setiferous (in Gory: there is an irregular line of setiferous rugulosities on either side of the middle line). Of other previously described species gigas, Cast., punctipennis, Cast., and guadricollis, Cast., are inter alia much larger, punctato-striata, Cast., has elytral strize strongly punctured, montana, Cast., has the prothorax “short and transverse,” minuta, Cast., is much smaller than the present species, and brevicollis, Chaud., has the prothorax even more transverse than D. Goryt. S.A.; near Port Lincoln. HY DROPHILID 4. PARACYMUS. P. nigerrimus, sp. nov. Breviter ovalis; convexus; nitidus ; niger, nullo modo metallescens; antennis (clava excepta) prothoracis lateribus pedibus elytrorumque apice rufescenti- bus ; corpore supra sublevi-elytris sub lente forti vix per- spicue punctulatis. Long., 13 1.; lat., 51. The complete absence of sculpture—except the sutural stria of the elytra which is obsolete in front—will distinguish this species from all its known allies. Unfortunately, I have not been able 67 to spare a specimen for dissection, without which it is impossibie to be sure of all the structural characters, but I think there is no doubt of its being closely allied to Paracymus (Paranacena) Lindi, Blackb., and swblineatus, Blackb., of which it has quite the facies, and the structural characters so far as | have been able to examine them. Mountains of Victoria. LACCOBIUS. The following species may, I think, be attributed to this genus (not previously recorded as Australian so far as I know), although they differ from the European members of it in having maxillary palpi somewhat more robust, the labrum shorter, the mesosternum tuberculated (not sharply carinated) in front of the middle coxz, and the tibie set with short stiff erect bristles. In general ap- pearance, sculpture, &c., they resemble the European Z. minutus, Linn., but area little more elongate in form. The distinctive characters mentioned above might justify a new generic name, but I am satisfied that for the present it is better to minimise genera, and so should be disposed to attribute to Laccobius all species belonging to //ydrobiides (Lacordaire), and having eight- jointed antenne, tibize devoid of swimming-hairs, prothorax and ventral segments of the //ydrobius-type, and facies style of sculp- ture, &c., resembling the European Laccobii. Hydatotrephis ditters anter alia in having the last joint of the maxillary palpi not longer than the penultimate, but in some characters comes near Laccobius. L. montanus, sp. nov. Sat late ovalis; sat nitidus; brunneo- piceus ; antennis (clava excepta), palpis (apice summo ex- cepto), clypeo, prothorace, pedibusque dilutioribus vel tes- taceis ; supra crebre equaliter sat aspere punctulatus; elytris leviter striatis ; prothorace fortiter transverso, antice fortiter emarginato, lateribus sub-diaphanis, angulis omnibus rotun- datis. Long., 17 1.; lat., #1. The texture of the lateral portions of the prothorax is so thin that these parts are transparent; the prothorax is very much wider across the base than in front (though the hind angles are so entirely rounded off that there is no clear distinction between the sides and the base ; the sides and apex of the elytra are paler in colour than the disc. Compared with the European Z. minutus, Linn., this species is throughout much more closely and evenly punctured, the puncturation being moreover scarcely so strong as that on the prothorax of LZ. minutus. Victorian mountains. L. australis, sp. nov. Preecedenti aftinis ; differt statura minore, prothorace in medio infuscato, hoc et capite multo sparsius 68 nec aspere punctulatis, elytris magis perspicue striatis, striis quam interstitia magis fortiter punctulatis. Long. 121; lat., = |. IT have no doubt this is a good species, although very close to the preceding. In L. montanus the puncturation of the whole upper surface is very equal and quite asperate, being so evenly distributed on the elytra as to include the punctures of the striz, and make these latter quite confused with those of the interstices. In the present species the puncturation of the head and pro- thorax (especially the latter) is much finer and less close than that of the elytra, while on the elytra the puncturation of the striz is quite noticeably distinct from that of the general surface. Victoria ; Ovens River. CERCYON. C. flavipes, Fab. I have recently taken this species (at any rate, I cannot find any character to justify regarding it as dis- tinct) at an elevation of about 5,000 feet above the sea, on the Victorian Mountains. PAUSSID A. PAUSSUS. P. australis. Sat angustus; sat opacus; obscure rugulose (pre- sertim in elytris) punctulatus; ferrugineo-rufus; elytris fascia lata nigra ornatis; antennarum articulo 1° elongato-piri- formi, 2° quam 1" duplo longiori et duplo latiori difforme (ad basin truncato, ad apicem rotundato, supra in parte basali concayo in parte apicali fortiter convexo); prothorace in medio valde strangulato, parte antica fortiter transversa postice bifida, parte postica minus fortiter transversa supra profunde late longitudinaliter sulcata. Long., 21.; lat., 41. The dark fascia on the elytra is at its widest near ie lateral margin which it does not quite reach ; thence it narrows a little towards the suture, where its width is nearly half the length of the wh.ole suture, its hind extremity being distant from the apex about a fifth of the length of the whole suture. This species is interesting as being the first genuine Paussws recorded from Australia. Queensland ; Mt. Bartle Frere ; presented to me by C. French, Esq. STAPHYLINID:. TACHINUS. 7’. novitius, sp.nov. Sat nitidus ; ferrugineus ; antennis (apicem versus) elytris (parte postica presertim) meso- et meta-sternis abdomineque infuscatis ; elytris prothorace fere duplo lon- gioribus ; capite prothoraceque levibus ; elytris sparsim sat subtiliter, abdomine crebre minus subtiliter, punctulatis. Long., 231.5 lat., #1. 69 Tn the male the anterior tarsi are rather strongly dilated, on the upper surface the apical segment of the hind body ends in four sharp teeth, and on the under surface the penultimate seg- ment of the hind body is sinuous or feebly emarginate in the middle and the apical segment is very deeply incised (the middle of the incision being convex hindward), both tliese segments having a conspicuous pencil of long ciliz on either side. T hesitate a little as to whether this species should be referred to Tachinus ov Tachinoderus. The principal distinctions between the two (I know Vachinoderus only by description) appears to be that the latter has the mesosternum carinate and the hind body margined only at the base, while the mesosternum of the former is simple and the entire hind body strongly margined. In the present insect the mesosternum is not quite so evenly rounded as in the European Tachini, but certainly cannot be called carinate, and the hind body has an entire margin, but it is very much nar- rower than in the European Z'achint. The mouth organs seem to agree in all respects with those of Zachiius; these, however, are described as being similar in 7V'achinoderus also. In order to compare this species with some well-known one, I place it beside a specimen of the European 7. marginellus, Fab. (which Mr. Ollifte reports from Sydney ; probably introduced), and find that besides the structural distinctions mentioned above, it differs in its elytra being somewhat longer in proportion, its prothorax and head almost levigate (under a high power some sparse very fine puncturation can be detected), its elytra with puncturation much more sparse and feebly impressed with a longi- tudinal depression on either side of the suture, making the latter appear carinate, and with the apex evidently more rounded, and the puncturation of its hind body decidedly stronger with a more or less longitudinal arrangement giving the appearance somewhat of longitudinal wrinkles. Mountains of Victoria; a single example imbedded in snow. WETEROTHOPS. H. tawrus, Blackb. J find that I was in error in referring this species to /Zeterothops. An examination of its prothoracic stig- mata has satistied me that it is a Yuwedius, and should stand near Q. hybridus, Er. The short acutely-pointed apical joint of the maxillary palpi misled me, but now, knowing the species to be a (Juedius, I can see that even those organs are not really inconsis- tent. From Q. hybridus it may be distinguished inter alia by its antenne entirely red. QUEDIUS. @. cuprinus, Fauv. (var.? Baldiensis). Sat dense subtiliter fulvo-pubescens ; piceus ; antennis basi et apice, ore, pedi- 70 busque testaceis: elytris subceneis, basi suturaque obscure testaceis; abdonune subirideo, apice cupreo-testaceo; an tennis sat robustis, articulis nullis transversis; capite elongato angusto subparallelo, oculis parvis vix convexis ; prothorace quam longiori vix latiori, antice fortiter angus- tato, angulis posticis cum basi omnino rotundatis, puncturis usitatis notatis; scutello elytrisque (his prothorace vix longioribus) leviter squamose sat crebre, abdomine sparsim - crassius, punctulatis. Long., 231; lat., 21. (vix). In M. Fauvel’s tabulation of the Australian Quediz (Ann. Mus. Gen., 1877, p. 268) the present species would fall under “B” (along with (J. wnews and cuprinus) on account of the narrow elongate form of its head. It is much smaller than either of those species, and inter alia differs also from the former of them by the sparse puncturation of its hind body, and from the latter by the testaceous apical joints of its antenne and the rounded-off hind angles of its prothorax. It is to be noted that the apical joint of the maxillary palpi in this species is slender, very acute at the apex, and much longer than the penultimate joint. In spite of these differences, however, it seems to me not improbable that this is a small Alpine var. of Q. cuprinus, and I have given expression to this opinion by recording it as above. Mountains of Victoria ; a single example in moss at an eleva- tion of about 5,000 feet above the sea. HYPEROMMA. During a recent visit to the Victorian Alps I was fortunate in securing two examples (male and female), which evidently belong to this remarkable genus (previously known only, I believe, by a unique male example from King George’s Sound), and which M. Fauvel describes as sharing with only two other genera of Staphylinide the singular character of having the eyes placed on the upper surface of the head. I cannot doubt that these two examples are identical specifically, although the differences (all sexual, I believe) are considerable, and I am not absolutely cer- tain that they were taken in company. The species seems to be extremely close to the typical one (/7/. /acertinum, Fvl.), but the sexual characters of the male forbid its being regarded as identical unless on the supposition that M. Fauvel was mistaken as to the sex of the specimen he described. This, however, appears to me sufficiently probable to render it inexpedient to give a distinctive name to the species before me, and I shall therefore offer the following as probably merely a correction of the sexual characters assigned to M. Fauvel’s species. J cannot find any tangible specific character in which the insects before me do not satisfac- torily agree with the very full and clearly-expressed description --] — of H. lacertinum, although the colowr is not quite identical. M. Fauvel says (Ann. Mus. Gen., 1878, p. 68), ‘obscure rubrum, abdomine piceo.” In one of my examples the head is nearly black, while the prothorax and elytra are reddish ; in the other the head and elytra are red, while the prothorax is nearly black ; but I do not attach any importance to these differences. Hf. lacertinum, Fauv.? Mas. Capite latiori; tarsis anticisL fortiter dilatatis; segmento ventrali apicali profunde triangu- lariter anguste inciso, penultimo in medio profunde sub- rotundatim foveato; supra segmentis 2-4 in medio longi- tudinaliter leviter canaliculato, segmento apicali postice sat angustato. Femina. Capite minus lato ; tarsis anticis vix dilatatis ; seg- mento ventrali apicali postice sat angustato fere ut maris inciso, penultimo simplici ; supra segmentis haud canalicu- latis, segmento apicali postice sat lato. LATHROBIUM. L. Victoriense, sp. nov. Depressum; sat robustum ; sat nitidum ; parce pilosum ; piceo-rufum; abdomine (apice excepto) ob- scuriori, antennis palpis elytris pedibusque testaceis; capite a basi antrorsum angustato, quam prothorax haud_ latiori, sat fortiter sat sparsim (postice et latera versus magis crebre) punctulato ; prothorace quam latiori parum longiori, postice haud angustato, utrinque sat fortiter minus crebre punctu- lato, angulis rors sat rotundatis, lateribus subconcavis ; elytris prothorace sat latioribus, tertia parte longioribus, leviter obscure punctulato-striatis ; abdomine crebre subtilis- ‘sime (apicem yeas minus crebre) punctulato ; antennis elongatis. Long., 221.5 lat., 31. This species is no doubt near ie gratellum, Fvl., described on a unique male from Sydney. Even if the insect before me should prove to be the female of that species, it is sufficiently remark- able in colour to be regarded as an Alpine form deserving a name; it is not likely, however, that such is the case, for, apart from colour, it differs in the head being narrower as compared with the prothorax, and triangular rather than quadrate ; in the prothorax not being narrowed hindward (except, of course, close to the base, where the sides round off into the base), and I should judge in the stronger puncturation of the prothorax, which in gratellum seems to be finer than that of the head ; whereas in the example before me the puncturation of the head and prothorax seems to be very similar in character. I hardly know where to place the present species in M. Fauvel’s tabulation of the Aus- tralian Lathrobia (Ann. Mus. Gen., 1877 and 1878), as its tarsal Ph) structure would associate it with the group called “T.,” while all 72 the species with the head at its widest close to the base fall in the group called “IT.” Mountains of Victoria. PEDERUS. P. Meyricki, spec. nov. Apterus; nullo modo parallelus; niger ; prothorace rufo, elytris cyaneis ; oculis parvis ; elytris basin versus angustatis, prothorace haud longioribus; abdomine retrorsum sat dilatato; cetera fere ut P. crwenticollis, Germ. Long., 341. ; lat., #1. The insect is at its widest across the hind body. Thesmallness of the eyes will at once separate it from the various forms of P. cruenticollis ; the difference of size may be stated thus—in cruenticollis the hindmost point of the eye is about equidistant between the front of the same and the point where the lateral margin (or base) of the head is in contact with the neck, while in the present species the hindmost point of the eye is very distinctly nearer to the same than to the neck. I ama little doubtful whether this may not be the apterous insect which M. Fauve] (Ann. Mus. Gen., 1878, p. 516) mentions as a var. of cruenticollis, but if so I think that learned entomologist must have overlooked the difference in the size of the eye. W. Australia; taken in 1886 by Mr. Meyrick. P. cruenticollis, Germ. In November last year I found this species in countless thousands crawling over the snow on some of the highest peaks of the Australian Alps. LITHOCHARIS. L. varicorms, sp. nov. Sat robusta; parallela; pilis erectis sparsim vestita ; minus nitida ; picea, elytrorum sutura rufes- centi, antennarum basi et apice prothorace abdominis apice pedibusque rufis; crebre subtilissime punctulata; elytris prothorace vix longioribus. lLong., 141. ; lat, 3,1. Not unlike the European Z. brunnea, Er., in build, but with very much finer and closer puncturation and somewhat longer elytra ; the head is shorter than in that species, being a little shorter than the prothorax. Joints 3—7 of the antenne are nearly black. The short series before me appears to be of one sex only-—female. Victorian Alps ; among dead leaves. SCOP.EUS. S. ruficollis, Fv]. This is really an undescribed species, as its author merely points out in what respects it differs from the European S. Lrichsoni, Kolen. I have a Scopewus from the Alpine district of Victoria which may be it, or may not—the- latter is more probable, since Queensland is said to be the habitat 73 of S. ruficollis ; but it is impossible to be certain on the point. The description, however, is so deplorably useless that I think something will be gained by this Victorian form being described, even at the risk of its proving, sooner or later, to be identical with the Queensland one; I am unable to specify any very pre- cise difference between the two forms, except that the specimen before me is a little smaller than S. + Meeoliass is stated to be, and that the elytra do not seem to be “shorter than those of S. Brichsoni,” which (according to Dr. Kraatz) are ‘not quite a third longer ‘than the prothorax.” I do not possess a type of S. Erichsoni, the habitat of which is thus stated by Dr. Kraatz, (Occurs) rarely in Central and Southern Germany.” Some named forms occurring in France and Italy are recorded by Dr. Kraatz as varieties of Hrichsoni. S. dubtus, sp. nov. Subnitidus; minus depressus; pube sub- tilissima vestitus; piceus, antennis prothorace abdominis apice elytrisque obscure rufis (his apicem versus dilutioribus), pedibus testaceis; alutaceus, vix manifeste punctulatus ; capite quadrato, prothorace latiori ; hoc oblongo, basi mani- feste biimpresso, supra linea mediana obsoleta sat nitida instructo ; elytris Peon aee. latioribus, tertia parte lon- gioribus. Long., 121.; lat. 1. That part of the head which would be cut off behind a straight line passing across the front of the eyes is as nearly as possible an exact square—though with the angles of the said square ronnded. None of the joints of the antenne are transverse. Besides S. ruficollis, Fvl., S. digitalis, Fvl. and latebricola, Blackb. have been described from Australia ; of these the former has blackish or piceous tibiee, and the latter is a smaller and less nitid insect with a longer head, &e. sa S. obscuripennis, sp.nov. Minus nitidus; minus depressus; pube sat subtili vestitus ; piceus, antennis palpis prothorace ab- dominis apice elytrorum apice pedibusque plus minus rufis vel rufescentibus ; crebre subtilissime fere asperatim punc- tulatus ; capite sat quadrato, quam prothorax parum latiori ; hoc oblongo, basi subfortiter biumpresso, inter iImpressiones fere carinato, linea mediana elevata haud levi vix manifeste notato ; elytris prothorace parum latioribus, hoc nullo modo longioribus. Long., 121. ;_lat., <3, 1. (vix). Very distinct from the preceding, on account of its much shorter elytra and decidedly more defined puncturation ; the an- tenne and tarsi, moreover, seem to be a little stouter, and the general appearance is duller and more obscure. The colours vary a little, the lighter parts in some examples being more decidedly red than in other examples; in some the elytra are of a nearly 74 uniform dark-brown tint, while in others they have a wider and rather conspicuous dark-red hind border ; the distinctness of the red margin of the elytra usually seems to vary according to the light in which the specimen is held. The legs are of a pale-brown colour (very different from the decided testaceous tone of the same in S. dubius), the femora sometimes more or less infuscate. In the male the third ventral segment is a little flattened in the middle of its hinder part, the fourth bears a semicircular fovea, the fifth is widely and shallowly concave in its whole length, and the sixth is widely and sinuately emarginate behind. The present species would seem to differ from S. rzficollis, Fv1., in having shorter elytra, and probably in various other charac- ters. From S. digitalis, Fvl., it appears to differ znter alia by its tibize being of uniformly light colour. SS. latebricola, Blackb., is a smaller and narrower insect* with longer elytra. Victoria ; near Wandiligong, among dead leaves. DOMENE. T am perhaps running some risk in referring the following species to this genus, as I have not seen M. Fauvel’s diagnosis of its characters,—but from its place in that learned author’s tabu- lation of the Australian Pederid genera and from references to Domene in other memoirs, as well as from the close resemblance of this insect to D. Australie as described by M. Fauvel, I think T am not far wrong; at any rate there is no other genus known as Australian to which the present species can be referred. Having only a single specimen, I have been unable to examine its mouth organs fully ; but the following are its principal charac- ters (some of which may be sexual) as far as they can be seen without dissection :—antenne short, stout, of the Lathrobiun type; head and prothorax almost as in Scopeus » anterior femora armed with a distinct (though not strongly developed) tooth beneath ; front tibie with their upper portion compressed and dilated beneath into a large obtuse tooth, the lower portion slender ; anterior tarsi not dilated ; posterior rather short, the basal two joints equal or nearly so, the third a little shorter, the fifth shorter than the preceding four together. The shape of the front tibiz is very peculiar, and I should hesi- tate much (on account of this character not being mentioned in M. Fauvel’s tabulation) to refer the specimen before me to Domene were it not for a note in Dr. Sharp’s memoirs on New Zealand * The measurement of this species, as of others described in the same memoir (Trans. Roy. Soc., S.A., 1887) was unfortunately taken with a millimetre measure which I afterwards discovered to be slightly inaccurate, or rather not in accordance with the theory of a millimetre equalling half a line. The length of S. /atebricola is 121. me i) Coleoptera, in which he distinguishes a genus of Pederide from Domene inter aliia by its front tibiz being ‘“ almost simple.” The genus Domene is characterised in M. Fauvel’s Fn. Gall.- Rhén., vol. ii1., p. 305,—a work to which I do not know how to procure access. D. (2?) Torrensensis, sp. nov. Tota pallide ferruginea ; pedibus paullo dilutioribus ; capite prothoraceque confertim subtilis- sime (illo subaspere), elytris vix minus confertim minus sub- tiliter, abdomine fere ut caput, punctulatis ; prothorace linea mediana longitudinal tenui notato, hac postice sat manifeste elevata antice subobsoleta ; elytris prothorace paullo lon- gioribus. Long., 221.; lat., 2.1. (vix). The head and prothorax bear a system of very faintly impressed and very inconspicuous punctures larger than and additional to the system of very fine close puncturation mentioned above. The antenne (set back) would reach quite to (but scarcely beyond) the base of the prothorax. The head and elytra are of about equal width, the prothorax being narrower. This species seems to differ from D. Australie, Fvl., inter alia in being smaller with the elytra longer (in D. Australie these are said to be scarcely so long as the prothorax,—in the present insect they are distinctly longer). M. Fauvel’s description of his species unfortunately consists largely of comparison with a European Domene to which I cannot refer, but should judge that its head is less closely punctulate than that of D. Torrensensis, as he says that it is “much more sparsely punctured ” than that of D. stilicona, whereas the head in the present species is punc- tured about as closely as it well could be. South Australia ; in debris of the Torrens River. PALAMINUS. I met with a single example last November (in the Victorian Alpine district) of this genus represented in the Australian described fauna by a single species (P?. Australiw, Fvl.) described on a unique specimen from Queensland. As M. Fauvel’s descrip- tion (so-called) is merely a brief comparison with a species from New Guinea which probably is not in any Australian Museum, it is impossible to say whether or not the insect before me is iden- tical ; I should judge, however, that it is very similar, but it appears to be a little smaller, and is probably distinct. One feels strongly tempted to treat such worthless descriptions as non- existent. BLEDIUS. BL. insignicornis, sp. nov. Minus nitidus; antice pube fulva minus crebre vestitus, abdomine setis erectis instructo ; niger ; mandibulis (his elongatis) antennarum que basi plus 76 minus rufescentibus, pedibus (tibiis nonnullis exemplis apicem versus infuscatis) et elytrorum macula magna _laterali, testaceis ; capite prothoraceque (hoc sat transverso, medio canaliculato, leviter minus crebre punctulato) alutaceis ; elytris prothorace sat longioribus, sat fortiter sat crebre punctulatis; abdomine subnitido subalutaceo, segmentis singulis apicem versus punctulatis. Maris mandibulis supra in medio dente suberecto armatis ; tuberculis antennariis valde productis; antennis corporis dimidio longioribus. Femine mandibulis inermibus; tuberculis antennariis parvis ; antennis brevioribus. Long., 14 ].; lat., 2 1. The antennal tubercles of the male are produced into elongate subcylindric processes, while in the same sex the basal joint of the antennz is extraordinarily developed (being as long as the prothorax), and the antenne set back would reach almost to the apex of the elytra. The general facies is entirely that of a typical Bledius. The large conspicuous testaceous spot on the elytra near the lateral margin is a very distinctive character. Victoria ; on the banks of the Ovens R. B. Ovensensis, sp. nov. Sat nitidus (capite prothoraceque sub- opacis) ; pube argentea vestitus, abdomine setis erectis in- structo; niger, mandibulis tibiis tarsisque rufescentibus ; capite prothoraceque (hoc minus transverso, lateribus pone medium sinuatim convergentibus) creberrime subtilissime punctulatis; elytris prothorace multo longioribus, crebre sat fortiter punctulatis ; abdomine supra vix perspicue (sub- tus sparsius sat fortiter) punctulato ; antennis brevibus. Maris (?) prothorace haud canaliculato. Femine (?) prothorace longitudinaliter subtiliter canaliculato. Long., 14 1.; lat., 53, 1. This species must be near 4. aterrimus, Fvl., but seems to differ by its differently coloured legs and much longer elytra ; these latter are described as scarcely longer than the prothorax in LB. aterrimus, whereas in the present species they are not much shorter than the head and prothorax together. Victoria; on the banks of the Ovens R. B. infans, sp. nov. Totus nitidus; pube argentea vestitus, ab- domine setis erectis instructo ; niger ; mandibulis pedibus et nonnullis exemplis antennarum apice rufo-testaceis ; capite prothoraceque (hoc minus transverso, lateribus pone medium sinuatim convergentibus, linea dorsali vix impressa) sub- leevigatis ; elytris prothorace multo: longioribus, crebre sat fortiter punctulatis ; abdomine supra vix perspicue (subtus sparsim sat fortiter) punctulato ; antennis brevibus. Long., VL (vies): lodiad dd Singularly like the preceding in miniature; differing from it chiefly by its difterently coloured legs and nitid sublevigate head and prothorax. It is to be noted, however, that in some examples. the femora are more or less infuscate. Victoria ; on the banks of the Ovens R. PSELAPHID. CTENISTES. C. Andersoni, sp. nov. Rufo-castaneus, elytris postice piceis ;. antennis minus brevibus; prothorace leviter tranverso. lateribus evidenter calloso, impressione basali intermedia antice subfurcata ; elytris prothorace dimidio longioribus. Hones, lls late The antenne are elongate, reaching back beyond the middle of the elytra ; joints | and 2 short, slightly thicker than the follow- ing ones; 3-10 very slightly increasing in thickness. Of these, 3 and 7 are longer than the others and equal to each other, 8 is the shortest and is wider than long, 9 is scarcely longer than 8, 4 is scarcely longer than 9, 5 about equal to 4, 6 a little shorter than 7, 10 scarcely shorter than 7 [7 is quite twice as long as 8]; the eleventh joint is as long as the preceding three together, and is moderately dilated on one side from the base to beyond the middle, and then narrows again to the apex. This species is evidently near C. wmpressus, Shp. (the largest Australian ctenistes previously described),* but is considerably larger. The antennal joints are very differently proportioned, but not in such fashion as to suggest difference of sex ; and the antenne are considerably longer I should judge (they certainly could not well be called “rather short,” as those of ampressus are). The expression, “elytra distinctly longer than the thorax,” ap- plied to C. impressus, moreover, suggests shorter elytra than those of C. Anderson, especially in view of C. simplex, Shp., being said to have elytra half again as long as its prothorax, and to be distinguished from C. ampressus by its proportionally shorter pro- thorax. 8. Australia ; taken by my friend, Mr. J. Anderson. BRYAXIS. BL. Lindensis, sp. nov. Nitida; setis erectis sat crebre vestita ; vix perspicue punctulata ; piceo-nigra ; pedibus piceis (tibiis antice et tarsis omnibus pallidioribus), antennarum articulis *C. impressus is stated by its author to be smaller than C. vernalis, King, but this seems to be a mistake, as the size given is 14 mm. =,', inch, whereas C. vernalis, King, is given as 4, inch. The mistake no doubt arises from Archdeacon King having in his original description of C. vernalis set down the size as 3; inch, and afterwards (Tr. Ent. Soc., N.S.W., I., p. 102) stated that this was a mistake. 78 1-4 11 que rufo-testaceis ; capite elongato, inter antennas impresso, postice utrinque fovea magna instructo; pro- thorace brevi vix subcordato, basi utrinque foveolato, foveis linea transversa conjunctis; elytris prothorace dimidio longioribus, stria suturali profunda altera discoidali (hac apicem versus abbreviata) instructis. Long., 121. (vix); lat., 21. The antennz are stout and rather short (scarcely longer than the head and prothorax together); joint | is scarcely so long as 2 and 3 together, 3 is much more slender than the rest, 5 and 6 are stouter (5 scarcely larger than 6), 5-10 all transverse and not much different ater se, but all a little triangularly dilated on the inner side (so that the antennz seem subserrate), 11 subconic and nearly as long as the preceding two together, but not stouter. IT am doubtful of the sex of the example before me, as I find no noticeable character in the ventral segments, while the an- tennal structure seems rather of the male type. I do not think any previously described Australian Dryaxis of large size is of a nearly uniform black colour. S. Australia; in seaweed near Port Lincoln. B. Harti, sp. nov. Nitida ; minus angusta ; breviter pubescens ; subtiliter minus crebre punctulata; ferruginea; antennis apicem versus infuscatis ; his minus elongatis, apice gradatim sat fortiter dilatatis ; capite inter antennas impresso, inter oculos foveis 2 magnis profundis instructo ; prothorace sat transverso, sat crebre punctulato, trans basin 3-foveolato (fovea media vix perspicua), foveis linea sulciformi conjunctis ; elytris prothorace plus dimidio longioribus, antice minus angustato, striis suturali et discoidali fortiter impressis ; abdominis segmento 1° 2° paullo longiori, simplici. Long., Heavies). lat, 1. Maris segmentis ventralibus in medio impressis, ultimo foveam subrotundatam (penultimo processum tuberculiformem) ferenti ; tibiis intermediis intus fortiter emarginatis, super et infra partem emarginatam dentes acutos singulos ferentibus ; tibiis anticis intus spina minuta sat longe ante apicem armatis ; antennarum articulo 9° 10° vix minore. Feminze segmentis ventralibus tibiisque simplicibus; anten- narum articulo 9° 10° multo minore. The central basal fovea of the prothorax (as in B. Ovensensis ) is scarcely more than a slight dilatation of the transverse furrow. The antenne are as long as the head and prothorax together ; joints 1 and 2 are stouter than the following joints; 1 a good deal longer than 2, 3 a little longer than 2 ; 4-7 scarcely so long as 3, and differing little inter se except in 5 being a little the 79 stoutest ; 8 shorter but not less stout (it is distinctly transverse) ; 9 and 10 about equally wide, but 10 a little longer (9 transverse, 10 scarcely so) in the male [in the female 9 is about intermediate in size between 8 and 10, and 5 is not at all dilated]; 11 some- what oval, as long as 9 and 10 together, and in the middle wider than either. This species does not seem very near to any other previously described. The discoidal stria of the elytra seems a little less strongly impressed in some specimens than others, but I think this is an accidental variation. South Australia; I have taken it near Adelaide, and also find it among some Adelaide specimens taken by the late Mr. Hart. It occurs among vegetable debris on the banks of streams. B. hyalina, Schaufuss. Last November I found a Bryaxis in the Alpine district of Victoria which agrees fairly well with the description of this species so far as it goes, but it is impossible to be sare, as the description is very defective—not mentioning the puncturation of any part, and only casually alluding to the exist- ence of any sculpture on the basal dorsal segment of the hind body. If the insect in question be distinct from B. hyalina, I should judge that it is likely to be distinguished by the two oblique striz which run hindward from the front of the basal dorsal segment of the hind body being more strongly divergent, and by the puncturation being different ; this on the head, pro- thorax, and hind body is fine, somewhat sparse, and inconspicu- ous; while on the elytra it is much coarser and closer, more so than is usual in (at least the Australian species of) the genus. From B. flavipes, Schautf. (another allied species), the long basal segment of its hind body will distinguish the present insect, which seems to agree with BL. flavipes in having the strize of the basal dorsal segment strongly divergent hindward. B. wmusitata, sp. nov. Nitida; sat brevis; sparsim ochraceo- hirsuta ; ferruginea; antennis minus robustis; capite sat brevi, antice transversim 3-foveolato, postice utrinque fovea majori instructo ; prothorace transverso levi, postice foveis 3 (transversim positis nec linea conjunctis) instructis ; elytris prothorace vix longioribus, transversis, perspicue punctulatis, humeris subtuberculiformibus, stria suturali profunde impressa discoidali subtilissima; abdominis seg- mento 1° quam 2"°3"° que conjuncti sublongiori, basi fortiter transversim sulcato, utrinque juxta sulcum stria longitud- inali instructo. Long., $1.; lat., 53]. (vix). The antenne are about equal in length to the head and pro- thorax together. The basal two joints are very similar inter se, 80 each being much stouter, but not much longer than joint 3 ; joints 3-8 scarcely differ in thickness, except that 5 is very slightly stouter than 4 and 6; 4, 6, 7, and 8 are about equal in length inter se, and are slightly shorter than 3 and 5, which also are about equal inter se; 9 is scarcely longer than 8, but is stouter; 10 is very little longer, but a good deal wider, being transverse; 11 is about the same length as the preceding two to- gether, and is still stouter than 10. This species appears to me to stand near A. brevis, Schauf., which M. Raffray has formed iuto a new genus or subgenus, under the name Schaufussia. Although it comes very near Herr Schaufuss’ description of the species, it does not present the cha- racter in the palpi on which Schaufussia is founded, and it differs from Herr Schaufuss’ description in having the prothorax leevi- gate. I think its small size, short elytra, prothorax with three unconnected basal fovez and curiously sculptured basal segment of the hind body are characters that in combination will suffice for identification. I do not find any characters decidedly deter- mining the sex of the two examples before me. S. Australia ; in moss near Port Lincoln. B. Ovensensis, sp. nov. Nitida; angusta; sparsim hirsuta ; fer- ruginea; capite abdomineque vix infuscatis; antennis elongatis sat gracilibus ; capite elongato levi, inter antennas ineequali inter oculos 3-foveolato, foveola intermedia parva; prothorace vix transverso vix cordato, trans basin 3-foveolato (fovea media minus perspicua), foveis linea forti sulciformi conjunctis ; elytris prothorace dimidio longioribus sparsim obscure punctulatis, antice fortiter angustatis, striis suturali et discoidali profunde impressis, abdomine ut elytra obscure punctulato. Maris abdominis segmentis ventralibus in medio planatis ; tibiis posticis apice valde introrsum curvatis. Long., 141. ; lat., 2 1. The antennz are distinctly longer than the head and prothorax together, and none of the joints are transverse ; joints | and 2 are a little stouter than the following ones (1 a little stouter than and nearly twice as long as 2), 3-7 a little longer than 2 and subequal inter se, 9 very like 2 and slightly larger than 8, 10 about as long as 3, but much wider ( almost transyv -erse), 1 fully as long as 9 and 10 together, and evidently wider than 10; joints 1-7 (except, perhaps, 2) are all much longer than wide. This species is very near Z. strigicollis, Westw., structurally, but its facies is very different (form narrower and more elongate, antenne longer and more slender, &c.). It seems to be also near B. hortensis, King, lunatica, King, and electrica, 81 King. From the first and last of them its antennal structure furnishes a ready distinction. I should hesitate to separate it from /wnatica were it not for the phrase, “thorace breviter obcor- dato,” in the description of that insect, a phrase which could not be rightly applied to the present insect, the prothorax of which is scarcely, if at all, wider than long. In the figure of the magni- fied antenna of &. lunatica, moreover, the second joint is repre- sented as longer than the third, which is not the case in B. Ovensensis. Victoria; in a marsh near the banks of the Ovens River, among dead leaves. B. paludis, sp. nov. Nitida; sat angusta; vix pubescens; vix perspicue punctulata; ferruginea, antennarum clava vix allidiori ; antennis minus elongatis, clava 2-articulata, hac P ae ole nebo Aine valde dilatata et elongata; capite inter oculos minute bi- 5 Jan f foveolato ; prothorace squali minus transverso, quam caput paullo longiori; elytris quam prothorax fere duplo longiori- bus, striis suturali sat distincta discoidali nulla. Maris segmento basali ventrali antice creberrime aspere punc- tulato, postice obscure tuberculato, segmento apicali fovea rotunda impresso; tibiis intermediis intus In medio obtuse dentatis, posticis apicem versus dilatatis arcuatis. Femina latet. Long., $ 1. The antenne are scarcely so long as the head and prothorax together ; the club consists of two joints, and is not much shorter than all the preceding joints together, and is very strongly di- lated. Joints 1 and 2 are very stout and cylindric, | a little longer and stouter than 2 ; joints 3-9 stout and scarcely increasing in thickness, 3 scarcely transverse, the following joints becoming more so; 10 is about three times as wide as 9, and is as long as the preceding 3 joints together; 11 is of about the same width, and nearly twice as long as 10. S. Australia ; in debris on some marshy ground near Adelaide. EUPINES. This name was proposed by Archdeacon King for what he con- sidered a subgenus of Bryaxis. I am inclined to think it may be treated as a good genus. I have seen numerous species re- ferable to it, and find that (besides the characters mentioned by its author) they agree in exhibiting a uniform type of sexual peculiarity in the sculpture of the meta-sternum and second (the first that is readily apparent) of the ventral segments of the hind- body. The following Australian species apparently attributable to Hupines, have already been described (most of them as Bryaxis), viz :— F 82 zequata, King exigua, King pumilio, Schauf. affinis, Schauf. diversicolor, Schauf. —spreta, Shp. ampliventris, Schauf. geminata, King sobrina, Schauf. aurora, Schauf. globulifer, Schauf. fries, Shp. capitata, King melanocephala, Schauf. transversa, King clavatula, King picta, Schauf. Victorie, King concolor, Shp. polita, King vitrea, Schauf. The following are distinguished from the above species of Eupines (though Archdeacon King did not consider the distince- tion more than sectional) by having antenne of only 10 joints :— Elizabethe, King laticlava, Schauf. IT am doubtful whether the following are Lupines -— atra, King leeviceps, Schauf. talpa, Schauf. 4 plecta, Shp. The species of Hupines have much resemblance inter se as re- gards their superficial characters, but, so far as I can judge, are very well characterised by the sexual peculiarities of the meta- sternum and ventral segments. Unfortunately these are re- corded in the description of the following only :— concolor, Shp. sulcata, Shp. spreta, Shp. There are sexual characters also in the antenne and tibie of at least some species, which are more or less exactly recorded in the descriptions of many of the above-named. The following species in my collection seem to be clearly dis- tinct from any previously described, although it is possible (as noted below) that the first may be an Alpine form of one of Herr Schaufuss’ species. FE. sororcula, sp. nov. Mas. Fere levis; picea, prothorace vix rufescenti, elytris sanguineis apice infuscatis, antennis palpis pedibus segmentisque ventralibus apicalibus testaceis ; setis erectis parce vestita; capite inter oculos bifoveolato, inter antennas vix biimpresso et transversim leviter elevato, antice declivi ; prothorace equali, leviter transverso, vix subcordato ; elytris prothorace fere duplo longioribus, humeris callosis, striis suturalibus distinctis ; antennis capiti prothoracique conjunctis subequalibus, tibiis posticis apicem versus leviter dilatatis et sinuatis ; abdominis segmento dorsali 1° oblique bistriato, segmento Tenens 2° a basi ad apicem subtiliter in medio carinato ; meta sterno postice fovea profunda minori instructo (hac in fundo longitudinaliter sulcata). Long., $1. 83 Of the antenne, joints 1 and 2 are stouter than any of the fol- lowing 6, and are together scarcely so long as joints 3-5 together ; = nde 4 are equal inter se, each much SRAELEE than 2; 5 is Rl y evidently but not very much longer and stouter than 4; 5-8 are equal inter se, and each a little Bormallee than 4; 9 is dort and transverse, about as wide as 1; 10 not much longer than, but nearly twice as wide as, 9; lla little wider than, and about twice as long as, 10 ; none of the joints 1-8 are transverse. Femina. A mare differt antennis (preesertim articulis inter- mediis) obscurioribus, longioribus, articulis aliter propor- tionatis; metasterno postice minus fortiter Impresso, ab- clomine simplici. Of the antenne of the female, joints 3 and 4 and 6-8 are a little more elongate ; 5 is not much longer or stouter than 3; 9 and 10 are together about as long as 6-8, neither ot them atte verse, 10 longer and wider than 9; 11 is a little longer but scarcely wider than 10. The superficial characters of this species seem to be near those of Bryaxis vitrea, Schauf., of which no sexual distinctions are recorded by its author; the difference in colour is considerable, so that this form is at least deserving of a varietal name, even if it should eventually turn out to be a form of vitrea. Victorian Alps. E. nauta, sp.nov. Mas. Fere levis ; picea, prothorace vix rufes- centi, elytris lateritiis, pedibus et antennis (articulis penultimis exceptis) rutis vel rufo-testaceis; glabra; capite prothoraceque equalibus; hoc sat transverso vix subcordato ; elytris pro- thorace plus dimidio longioribus, humeris vix callosis, stris suturalibus distinctis ; antennis quam caput prothoraxque conjuncti vix longioribus ; femoribus anticis subtus obtuse dentatis, tibiis anticis intus dente lato sat acuto armatis, femoribus ceteris dilatatis (posticis subtus fere subdentatis) ; metasterno late profunde excavato, parte excavata in medio obsolete longitudinaliter carinata; abdominis segmento ven- trali 2° opaco creberrime aspere punctulato, fossa lata (hac apice carina elevata transversa terminata) per totam longi- tudinem impresso. Long., #1. Of the antenn, joints 1-3 decrease successively in thickness, 2 and 3 being almost equal to each other in length, 1 a little longer ; joints 3-8 scarcely differ in thickness, except 5, which is scarcely thicker than the rest ; 4, 6, and 7 are equal inter se, each a little shorter than gone 5, atin are of equal length; 8 is a little shorter than 7; 9 is ‘almost globular, a little “longer and stouter than 8; 10 is 6 little longer than 9, and nearly twice as wide, being pretty strongly transverse; 11 is very little wider 84 than 10, but is about twice as long; 10 is the only really trans- verse joint. Femina. A mare differt antennarum articulo penultimo minus transverso; metasterno multo minus fortiter impresso ; femoribus, tibiis, abdomineque simplicibus. ‘ A marked character in this species is the strong contrast in respect of colour between the last two antennal joints; the al- most complete absence of setz, and also of fovee on the head (two fove seem barely indicated in one or two examples), is also dis- tinctive. The exposed portion of the hind body is strongly declivous. The sexual characters in the antenne are exceptionally slight, those in the legs, metasternum, and second (the first being scarcely visible) ventral segment are far stronger than in any other Eupines known to me. S, Australia; near Port Lincoln, under the bark of a tree sur- rounded by flood waters. E. nautoides, sp. nov. Mas. Ab £. nauta vix differt nisi tibiis anticis intus haud dentatis, metasterno postice minus exca- vato, abdominis segmento 2° simplici, elytrorum sutura postice carinata, retrorsum spiniformi producta. Long., 3 Li This insect, of which I possess two examples, is a very puzzling one, and I know not whether to regard it as an abnormal form of E. nauta, or as a distinct species ; but its differences (such as they are) are so strongly marked that there seems to be certainly good reason for its having a distinctive name. I cannot even feel sure whether it is a male or a female, its ventral character being suggestive of the latter sex, while its dentate femora point very strongly to the former. On the whole I incline to think it the male of a good species of which I have not seen the female ; the strong spine into which its elytra are produced at the artuell apex will at once distinguish it from all its described congeners. In the examples before me the legs are of much darker colour than in any £. nauta that I have seen, but this is quite likely to be accidental. S. Australia; near Port Lincoln. B. spiniventris, sp. nov. Mas. Ab £. nauta differt antennis sublongioribus ; femoribus simplicibus ; tibiis anticis pos- ticisque (haud dentatis) paullo ante apicem intus emar- ginatis ; metasterno multo magis late magis profunde exca- vato; abdominis segmento ventrali 2° sat nitido haud longitudinaliter impresso, postice tuberculum subconicum antrorsum directum, apice acutum formant. Femina latet. 85 My example of this insect is certainly a male, and though very close to EB. nauta its sexual characters are quite inconsistent with the idea of specific identity. The emargination on the inner side of the front tibie is quite noticeable, but occupies only a small part of the tibia; that of the hind tibia is much larger, nearly the apical third part of the inner margin being very slightly con- cave. The hind tibia is at its widest just above the emargina- tion, so that the dilatation at that point is capable of being regarded as a feeble tooth. The metasternum is largely, deeply, and almost circularly excavated ; the corresponding excavation in E. nauta appearing as a wide longitudinal impression. The tubercle on the second ventral segment is of peculiar shape, and difficult to characterise intelligibly ; the hind margin of the seg- ment seems to be gradually elevated from either side towards the middle (where it is quite spiniform), and also bent forward ; so that if the insect be viewed from the side, an inclined plane end- ing in a sharp point seems to run upward and forward from the apex of the second segment towards the metasternum. South Australia ; near Port Lincoln. E. militaris, sp. nov. Mas. Fere levis, sparsim obscure punc- tulata ; glabra ; picea elytris pedibusque manifeste, antennis vix manifeste, rufescentibus ; capite haud (vel vix manifeste) bifoveolato ; prothorace eequali sat transverso leviter cordato ; elytris prothorace dimidio longioribus, humeris callosis, stris suturalibus sat fortiter impressis; antennis capiti protho- racique conjunctis longitudine xqualibus, fortiter clavatis ; femoribus basin versus pedunculatis, intermediis subtus dente parvo armatis ; tibiis intermediis ante apicem extus leviter emarginatis ; metasterno late profunde excavato ; abdominis segmento ventrali 2° in medio impresso et utrinque obscure tuberculato. Long., ,% 1. Of the antenne, joints 1 and 2 are much stouter than any of the following six joints (which are of uniform thickness), 1 being much longer than 2; 4, 6, and 8 are equal inter se, and are the shortest joints; 3 is equal to 2 in length, 5a little shorter, 7 nearly as short as 4, 6, and 8; 9 is strongly transverse, being scarcely longer than 8, but much wider ; 10 is still more trans- verse, being a little longer than, and about twice as wide as, 9 ; 11 is ovate, being twice as long as 10, but scarcely wider ; 9 and 10 each have a curved pencil of seta on either side at the apex. Femina. A mare differt femoribus, metasterno, abdomineque sumplicibus. The antenne of the female scarcely differ from those of the male except in being a trifle shorter. South Australia ; near Port Lincoln. &6 The species of Hupiunes described above may be thus tabulated. A. Glabrous or nearly so. B. Antenne unicolorous, or nearly so ... militaris, BB. Apical joint of antenne pallid, in strong contrast to joint 10. C. Sutural apex of elytra simple. D. Frontfemoraand tibie toothed jy 12 (eee a2 ... nauta. DD. Front femora and _ tibize simple in male... ... spiniventris. CC. Suture of elytra spiniform at ADDER 042. Se He ... nautoides. AA. Body clothed with long erect sete ... ... sororcula. SILPHIDA. CHOLEVA. This genus seems to be fairly well represented in Australia ; although only two species have been described. Of these C. australis, Er., may be distinguished from all other species known to me by the following characters in combination :—Colour and pubescence black; mesosternum finely carinate ; prothorax and elytra transversely strigose. C. obscurus, Macl., has not been formally described—the only indication of its characters being a statement (Tr. Ent. Soc. N.S.W., IL, p. 155) that it differs from C. australis in its pubescence being light coloured, and its prothorax and elytra longitudinally, instead of trans- versely, scratched or striolated. If it is to be inferred that the prothorax is distinctly striolate longitudinally (in the same man- ner that it is transversely in C. australis) I am confident that I have not seen the insect; if the reference be merely to the slight longitudinally striolate appearance resulting (in many species of the genus) from the direction of the adpressed hairs. which clothe the surface, there is nothing in the description which would distinguish C. obscwrus from any species (with one or two exceptions) of Choleva known to me, In this latter case it is impossible to describe any new species without running some risk of renaming Sir W. Macleay’s insect; subject to that re- mark, the following appear to be new. It may be noted that in the Australian species of Choleva having the mesosternum carinate (so far as my own observation goes) the carina is not a strongly elevated one like that of the European C. sericeus, Fab., but a very fine line running down the centre of the segment, and usually becoming obsolete in the front part ; the front part, how- ever, consisting of a sort of thickened transverse fold, which is. more elevated than the carina, although not truly carinate (as in 87 many European Cho/eva, in which the mesosternum is non- carinate). C. australis, Er. The specimens which I attribute to this species were taken in the neighbourhood of Adelaide. The only doubt I feel as to their identity is caused by the antenne being a little stouter than seems quite consistent with the description, which, however, is very brief and general im respect of the antenne. They are very much like those of the European C. sericeus, Fab., to which, indeed, the insect before me bears a very close general resemblance, differing chiefly in its more uni- formly black colour (the base of the antennz even being only a little pitchy), in its very much more finely carinate mesosternum, and in the more rounded sides of its elytra, which are decidedly dilated behind the base; the sculpture of the upper surface scarcely differs in the two species. I am doubtful of having seen the male of C. australis, as I do not find any decidedly sexual differences among the few examples I have examined, the tarsi of none of them being distinctly dilated C. antipodum, sp. nov. Sat elongata; minus parallela; piceo- ferruginea (antennarum articulis basalibus 2 apicalique, capite antice, prothoracis lateribus, pedibus, et corpore sub- tus, dilutioribus) ; obscure piceo-pubescens ; creberrime sub- tilissime punctulata; antennis gracilibus, articulo 8° quam 7° tenuiorl nec breviori ; mesosterno antice simplici, inter coxas intermedias spiniformi. lLong., 14 1.; lat., 3% 1. The antenne are considerably more slender than in any European species known to me of Choleva (¢.g., C. agilis, Ilig.). They are conspicuously longer than the head and prothorax to- gether. Joint 1 is much stouter and slightly shorter than 2 ; joints 3-6 are of equal thickness inter se, more slender than 2; 3 slightly longer than (4-6 each about equal to) 2; 7 slightly shorter and a little wider than 6; 8 as long as, but evidently narrower than, 7; 9 and 10 wider, and slightly shorter, than 8 ; 11 scarcely wider, but evidently longer, than 10, and acuminate at apex. Ido not find any well-marked sexual characters. The mesosternal carina scarcely emerges forward from between the cox ; the puncturation is finer and slightly closer than in (say) the European C. tristis, Panz. Victoria ; in the Alpine district, under fallen leaves. C. Adelaide, sp. nov. Minus elongata; ovalis; ferruginea, capite prothoracisque disco obscurioribus ; fulvo-pubescens ; supra subtiliter (in prothorace subtilissime) transversim punctulato-strigosa ; antennis sat brevibus robustis, articulo 8° quam 7 et 8 paullo angustiori multo breviori ; meso- sterno subtiliter carinato. Long., 11.; lat., 31. (vix). 88 The antenne are scarcely longer than the head and _ prothorax together, and seem in respect of robustness and build not very different from those of common European species (¢.g., C. sericea, Fab.). Joints 1 and 2 are stouter than those immediately fol- lowing—1 evidently longer than 2; 3-6 moderately increasing in width (3 scarcely shorter than 2, 4 and 5 shorter subequal inter se, 6 considerably shorter ; 7-11 forming a subparallel club which is nearly as long as joints 1-6 together; 7, 9, and 10 subequal inter se (each evidently wider than, and about twice as long as, 6); 8 same width as 6, but still shorter; 1] subconical, a little longer and narrower than 10; joint 6 is strongly, and 8 very strongly, transverse. The sculpture of the upper surface is nearly as in C. australis, Er. In the male the front tarsi are pretty strongly (the basal joint of the intermediate tarsi scarcely, if at all) dilated. An example from Port Lincoln has the antennz with the longer joints testaceous, the shorter one, piceous, but does not seem to differ otherwise. South Australia ; in flood refuse near Adelaide, also near Port Lincoln. C. Victoriensis, spec. nov. Sat elongata ; sat parallela ; piceo-fer- ruginea, antennarum basi prothoracis lateribus, pedibusque rufescentibus ; obscure pubescens ; capite prothoraceque sub- tiliter crebre, elytris minus subtiliter minus crebre, punctu- latis ; antennis minus elongatis, sat robustis, articulo 8° quam 7 et 8 multo angustiori multo breviorl ; mesosterno sub- tiliter carinato. lLong., 11.; lat., 21. The antenne are perhaps a trifle longer than the head and prothorax together ; they are evidently more slender than those of C. Adelaide, but much stouter than those of C. antipodum. The basal six joints are proportioned inter se almost as in C. Adelaide, but are more slender ; 3-6 of equal width (not as in Adelaide, 4-5 each a little wider than its predecessor) ; joints 7-11 form a parallel club less noticeably wider than the basal part of the antenne than in Adelaide, but with joints similarly propor- tioned inter se; owing to the much greater slenderness of the antennz, however, joint 6 is not, and 8 is only moderately, trans- verse. The sculpture of the upper surface resembles that of C. antipodum, but is decidedly less fine on the elytra. In the male the front tarsi are strongly, and the basal joint of the inter- mediate tarsi is distinctly, dilated. Victoria ; Alpine district, among fallen leaves. C. minuscula, sp. nov. Vix elongata; subovalis; fusco-rufa, antennarum articulis intermediis, elytris abdomineque obscu- rioribus; pubescens; subfortiter minus confertim punctu- lata ; antennis fere ut C. Victoriensis sed fere gracilioribus ; mesosterno simplici. Long., #1. ; lat., 21. (vix). 89 The antennal joints are proportioned inter se almost exactly as in the preceding two species, the antenne as a whole being, how- ever, a trifle more slender than, but of about the same length as, those of C. Victortensis ; they are clearly less slender than those of C. antipodum. The puncturation of the upper surface is con- spicuously less flne than in C. Victoriensts. In the male the front tarsi are only gently and the intermediate scarcely if at all dilated. The general appearance is very suggestive of the Euro- pean C. Wialkini, Spence; but the puncturation is distinctly coarser, and the antennz are more slender than in that species. South Australia ; widely distributed ; in vegetable débris. N.B.—The following is a tabulation of the described Australian species of Choleva, the only one omitted, so far as as I know, being C. obscura, Macl. A. Mesosternum carinate. B. Antenne of ordinary character. C. Prothorax transversely strigose. D. Size very small; colour not black... ... Adelaide, Blackb. DD. Sizemoderate; colour black ie australis, Er. CC. Prothorax not transversely strigose Victoriensis, Blackb. BB. Antenne very long and slender antipodum, Blackb. AA. Mesosternum simple a ... minuscula, Blackb. CHOLEVOMORPHA, gen. nov. Gen. Cholevam simulat; differt trochanteribus posticis fere ut Anisotome formatis; tibus omnibus spinosis; antennis gracillimis ; maris tarsis anticis 3-unguiculatis. This singular insect would have to be referred to the Anisotomides, on M. Lacordaire’s arrangement, although its facies is much more that of the Sz/phides. The species before me has the appearance of a very wide robust Choleva, with extremely fine slender antenne and variegated elytra. The antenne are evidently longer than the head and prothorax together ; all the joints are much longer than wide, and are thinly beset with longish fine sete ; of the basal six joints, joint 2 is the stoutest (1 being much longer, but scarcely so stout), 3-6 very slender (4-6 scarcely, 3 considerably, shorter than 1), 7-11 form a feeble club (being together very little shorter, but evidently stouter, than 3-6 together), and are somewhat equal inter se, except joint 8, which is much shorter and evidently more slender than the rest (nevertheless, joints 7 and 9 are evidently longer than 10 and 11). The mesosternum is not carinated, although it is very convex, and presents somewhat the appearance of coming to a ridge down the 90 middle line. In the male, the front tarsi have their basal joint triangular and strongly dilated, joints 2 and 3 dilated, but suc- cessively less so ; joint 4 is very small, 5 oval and dilated as long as the preceding three together ; joint 5 bears at its apex three unequal claws, of which one (the longest) is inserted immediately before the apex, and is strongly curved and scarcely shorter than the apical joint of the tarsus, while the other two are at the apex and are much shorter—one shorter than the other. The inter- mediate tarsi of the male are considerably longer than the front, and scarcely shorter than the hind, ones; these four posterior tarsi scarcely differ inter se, except that the basal joint of the in- termediate is evidently dilated. In both pairs, joints 1 and 5 are of equal length, and each as long as joints 2-4 (which are sub- equal inter se) together. The claws are obtusely subdentate at the base. The spines on the front tibiz are fine and inconspicu- ous ; those on the four posterior strong and well defined. All the tibie are bispinose at the apex. The female scarcely differs from the male, except in having the anterior four tarsi and the front claws simple. The superficial sculpture of the insect on which I am founding this genus is very unusual, and extremely like that of Catops australis, Er. I have examples of the latter species (or a very close ally of it) in my collection and, notwithstanding this curious resemblance, find that it cannot be associated generically with this new form; it appears to me to be a true Choleva. C. picta, sp. nov. Sat late ovalis; parce pubescens ; nigra, an- tennarum basi, prothorace antice et latera versus, elytrorum maculis nonnullis, pedisbusque, plus minus testaceis vel rufis ; prothorace minus crebre granulato, fortiter transverso antice fortiter angustato, angulis posticis retrorsum vix pro- ductis; elytris crebre transversim punctulato-striatis, stria suturali sat fortiter impressa. Long., 121.; lat., #1. The pale markings on the elytra are not aa all strangle defined in themselves, but are rendered conspicuous by their being clothed with golden pubescence ; they consist of a large humeral blotch, a smaller common spot on the suture some distance behind the scutellum, two smaller spots on the front part of the disc, and an irregular narrow fascia of zigzag form about the middle. In some examples some of the markings are wanting. Victoria; among fallen leaves on the higher mountains (Feathertop, «&c.). SCAPHIDITID At. SCAPHIDIUM. S. alpicola, sp. nov. Nitidum; nigrum; prothorace (margine basali et maculis 2 discoidalibus “ante ‘hediurt positis nigris 91 exceptis), elytrorum fasciis binis suturam versus abbreviatis, pygidio (macula nigra excepta) et corpore subtus (prosterno medio, mesosterno, metasterni lateribus margineque postico, et abdominis basi nigris exceptis) rufis ; oculis minus ap- proximatis ; prothorace postice linea transversa arcuata punctulata instructo, lateribus fere rectis ; elytrorum sutura et ad basin linea arcuata punctulata impressis, his in medio disci puncturarum seriebus 2 antice et postice abbreviatis. instructis. Maris tibiis anticis elongatis, basi fortiter arcuatis; meta- sterno punctulato pubescenti, utrinque pilis_ longissimis penicillam formantibus. Long., 21 1.; lat., 121 Colour and markings have been so much relied on in most of the descriptions of Australian Scaphidia that it is dificult to specify distinctions other than colour in adding a new species. I have seen several specimens of the insect before me, which I took in decayed wood. Its colouring comes nearest to S. exornatwm, Oberthir (known to me only by description). In that species the base of the antennz is said to be red, the femora partly red, the underside (except the apex) black, and the markings of the elytr: appear to consist of black spots on a red derm; all these differ- ences point clearly, I think, to specific distinctness—but even if the present insect should be an Alpine form of an already named species, it would be desirable to give it a var. name, as all the examples I have seen are quite identical in colour and markings. Victoria ; in the Alpine district. SCAPHISOMA. S. novicum, sp. nov. Obovatum ; nitidum, sparsim valde levites punctulatum ; nigrum, palpis antennarum basi pedibus et elytrorum apice testaceis vel rufis ; scutello vix manifesto ; elytrorum stria suturali prope basin extrorsum arcuata. Maris metasterno utrinque postice longitudinaliter profunde suleato, segmento ventrali penultimo minus abbreviato. Long., #1. ; lat., 2 1. This species is scarcely distinguishable except by its smaller size, much more feebly impressed (though otherwise very similar) puncturation, and sutural stria bent outward at the base, from the European S. agaricinum, Leach. The sexual characters of S. agaricinum, however, do not seem to have been recorded, and my type of that insect is a female, so I cannot say whether they are similar to those of S. novicum. The male example of the latter, from which I have described what I suppose to be sexual characters is immature (it is almost uniformly testaceous in colour), but I do not think the metasternal characters mentioned 92 above can be due to immaturity as they are quite symmetrical on either side. It was taken in company with the other specimens. Victoria ; Alpine district, in fungi. HISTERID AL. CHLAMYDOPSIS. I feel some hesitation in referring the following two species to this genus, nor do I feel sure that they ought not to be regarded as members of ¢wo allied genera, both distinct from Chlamydopsis. They certainly, I think, appertain to the /Histeride, and they agree very fairly with Professor Westwood’s characters of the said genus (I do not feel quite satisfied whether the antenne have eight or nine joints) as far as those characters go, but it appears to me that if those characters were drawn up from a species at all closely allied to those before me, they do not sufficiently mdi- cate the extraordinary appearance of the insects, which are among the most wonderful I have ever seen. The two examples before me differ very strongly inter se (probably they are male and female of two species), but they agree in the remarkable rela- tion of the head and prothorax to each other—a character so singular that I do not like to separate them generically. The head, including the antenne, exactly fits into the cavity of the prothorax, without protruding from it in the smallest degree, so that in repose the insect appears to have no head, and when looked at from in front the appearance is of the cavity of the prothorax being stopped by an even vertical plate. If the an- tenne be drawn out (no easy task!) the head is visible—the cavity of the prothorax being looked at from in front—occupying the middle portion of the cavity, and having on either side of it a large cavern, which is exactly filled by an antenna when the in- sect is in a state of repose. The antenne are on the same plan as those of the Dynastid-genus Cryptodus, consisting of a large lamelliform basal joint (which is the joint that forms the door of. the aperture of the antennal cavity), into the hind surface of which is inserted a very short stem,* at the end of which is a very elongate club, consisting of a single joint. All the tarsi fit completely into cavities in the tibie ; the front tibiz fall into grooves of their femora, the front legs fit completely and exactly into cavities at the sides of the prosternum. The whole upper surface is uneven, in a manner defying exact description. The body is furnished with wings. The prosternum is produced an- teriorly as in the “ Histérides vrais” of Lacordaire. The pro- sternum and mesosternum present truncate and closely applied faces to each other. * As already noted, I cannot satisfy myself whether this consists of six or seven joints; but seven is the more probable number. 93 In the above characters the two examples before me coincide ; they ditter very widely in the nature of the inequalities of the surface ; in one of them having the hind legs developed to such an extraordinary degree that these are longer than the body, while the hind tibie are strongly compressed, and dilated to such an extent that their greatest width is scarcely less than half the width of the prothorax; and in one of them having lateral depressions for the reception of the posterior legs. It will probably be observed that these characters come very near those of Archdeacon King’s genus, Byzenia, which that learned author attributes to the Byrrhide (Tr. Ent. Soc. N.S.W., IT., p. 74). I have very little doubt that Byzenia is really very near the species I am describing (or that it 1s a //isterid), but the Archdeacon says its “legs are not received into cavities,” and this is, perhaps, inconsistent with generic identity. In the de- scription of Chlamydopsis, Professor Westwood implies (though he does not state it quite categorically) that there are no cavities for the reception of the legs, and, therefore, I suspect Byzenta and Chlamydopsis are identical (the memoirs characterising them were read in the same year; 1 believe Westwood’s was published before the other). As regards the insects before me, the existence of cavities to receive some or all of the legs would perhaps justify their having a new generic name (or names), but as they are clearly close allies of Chlamydopsis I do not think any confusion will arise if I attribute them to the latter genus in the doubt as to the relation of its legs to the body. I believe the two species described below to be parasitic on fossorial Hymenoptera, as | found them both (in different years and different places) on the top of rotten fence posts in which Hymenoptera were making their nests. C. sternalis, sp. nov, Mas (?). Subopaca; piceo-ferruginea, antennis pedibus elytrisque dilutioribus ; subtiliter punctu- lata et strigosa, puncturis strigisque confuse intermixtis, illis squamas minutas ferentibus ; prothoracis lateribus fortiter bisinuatis, disco a basi ad apicem gradatim elévato cristam magnam formanti (criste apice subbifido, lateribus declivibus longitudinaliter bisulcatis, facie anteriori verticali subnitida punctata); scutello haud perspicuo; elytrorum humeris valde callosis ; pygidio propygidioque verticalibus ; pedibus brevi- bus ; prosterno medio longitudinaliter late fortiter carinato, carina media longitudinaliter profunde sulcata. Long., 141; lat., +1. (vix). The posterior four tibiee are triangular ; the apex of the triangle being regarded as the point of attachment to the femur, its longest side is the inner margin, and its other sides (subequal) are the external margin of the tibia and the obliquely truncate apex of 94 the same. ‘The front tibie are not very different, but their ex- ternal margin is distinctly shorter than their obliquely truncate apex, and forms an obtuse tooth at the point of junction with the latter. The legs are about of equal length cnter se—all evidently shorter than (say) the length of the elytra. Sonth Australia ; near Woodville. C. wmequalis, sp. nov. Femina (?). Minus opaca; piceo-ferru- ginea, antennis dilutioribus ; crassissime punctulato-strigosa (elytrorum parte basali media, metasterno, abdominisque seg- mentis basalibus et apicalibus, subtiliter, fere ut C. sternals, sculpturatis exceptis), abdominis parte intermedia fere leevi ; prothorace antice valde retlexo elevato-marginato (margine elevato 6-lobato, lobis intermediis 4 quam externi minus elevatis multo minus latis), margine antico quam basis sat latiori, lateribus mox pone marginem anticum retrorsum con- vergentibus hinc ad basin parallelis ; scutello haud perspicuo ; elytrorum humeris externe spiniformibus, callis humeralibus maximi gibbosis, parte basali mediana valde depressa (hac subtiliter sculpturata), a parte postica (hac crassissime sculp- turata) sulco profundo transverso divisa; pygidio propy- gidioque rotundatim subverticalibus ; pedibus anticis 4 quam elytra (posticis quam corpus totum) longioribus ; prosterno quali. lLong.,.21. (vix); lat., 11. The six lobes into which the strongly upturned front margin of the prothorax is divided are not very apparent unless the out- line be looked at obliquely from behind, or from in front. The tibiz (allowing for the much greater length of the legs) are shaped very much as those of C. sterialis, except that the external margin of the intermediate pair meets the truncate hind margin (as in the front pair) in a strong obtuse tooth, and that the ex- ternal margin of the hind pair is very much longer than the truncate hind margin. South Australia ; near Woodville. PHALACRID.X. The only Australian species that J can ascertain to have been already described belonging to this family is Phalacrus brunneus, Er., from Tasmania, for which, together with Spheridiwm testacewm, Fab., Dr. Erichson (Ins. Deutsch. III., p. 108) founded a new genus—Litochrus. In 1889 a revision of the family, with especial reference to the N. American species was published in the Annals of the New York Academy, in which Litochrus seems to have been re-described. I have not been able to consult this memoir, but from the notice of it in the “ Zoological Record,” I should infer that neither of the species attributed to Litochrus by Erichson has been removed from it. JI will, however, take the 95 precaution of saying that the following species placed in this genus are, no doubt, congeneric with L. brunneus, Kr. That insect is, unfortunately, not very minutely described by its author; I do not think, however, that any of the species de- scribed below can be identical with it. JL. alternans is the one that comes nearest to it, but it does not seem likely that if Erichson had had that insect before him he could have failed to mention the conspicuous sculpture of its alternate interstices. LITOCHRUS. L. leticulus, sp. nov. Breviter ovalis ; postice vix angustatus ; nitidus ; niger; capite antice, elytrorum apice et utrinque macula magna discoidali, antennis, palpis, prothorace lateri- bus, corpore subtus et pedibus rufo-testaceis ; capite pro- thoraceque vix perspicue punctulatis; elytris vix striatis, striis interstitiisque subtilissime punctulatis. Long., 1 1.; bate = 1. The pale markings on the elytra consist of a wide curved blotch commencing on either shoulder and proceeding towards the suture and almost touching it at the middle of its length; the pale apex of the elytra is produced forward on either side in such fashion that it almost touches the exterior hind corner of the discal blotch. The pale colouring occupies almost as much area as the black ; the latter forms a large triangle, the base of which is the base of the elytra, and its apex is produced narrowly down the suture to about the middle where it dilates into a large blotch ; there is also a large black space on either side, which is continuous along the base with the black of the suture. Victoria ; Alpine district. L. Palmerstoni, sp. nov. Breviter ovalis ; postice leviter angus- tatus; nitidus; ferrugineus; antennis, palpis, elytrorum apice, pedibus, et corpore subtus, testaceis; vix perspicue punctulatus; elytris vix striatis. Long, +1. (vix); lat., $1. This minute insect appears to be a typical Zitochrus. Its uni- form ferruginous colour, with the apex of the elytra pale tes- taceous, and almost impunctulate surface, will, | think, distinguish it from all its described congeners. N. Territory of 8. Australia ; near Palmerston. L. alternans, sp. nov. Ovalis, postice attenuatus ; nitidus ; supra lividus, hic illic infuscatus, cceruleo-iridescens, an- tennis palpis pedibus et corpore subtus testaceis ; capite pro- thoraceque subtilissime crebre punctulatis, hoc puncturis nonnullis majoribus hic illic impresso; elytris, vix striatis, striis puncturis minutissimis sat crebre impressis, interstitiis alternis sublevibus et puncturis sat magnis seriatim sparsim instructis. Long., 131.; lat., #1. 96 This species seems to be well distinguished by its peculiar puncturation—very fine, close, and evenly distributed—the pro- thorax bearing also a few scattered punctures evidently much larger ; and the elytra having their scarcely marked striz closely set with excessively fine punctures, while a conspicuous row of considerably larger and widely spaced punctures runs down in- terstices 1, 3, &c., 2, 4, &e., being almost levigate ; thus the widely spaced punctures of the alternate interstices are much the strongest sculpture of the elytra. Victoria ; Alpine district. L. maculatus, sp. nov. Breviter ovalis; postice vix angustatus 5 nitidus ; piceus; antennis, palpis, pedibus, capite antices corpore subtus, et macula magna triangulari communi in elytrorum medio posita, testaceis; capite prothoraceque creberrime subtilissime punctulatis; elytris vix striatis, striis puncturis subtilibus seriatim impressis, interstitiis alternis sublevibus et puncturis sat perspicuis seriatim sparsim in- sumucuis. long. 1d; Jat., 21. (vax): The colouring of this species (which seems to vary only a little in intensity, and in the elytra of some examples being reddish towards the apex) will, I think, distinguish it from all its con- geners. Its sculpture is very like that of JZ. alternans (though the punctures in the alternate interstices are scarcely larger than in the striz), but its size and shape, as well as its markings, are very different and seem to be constant. A short series taken in the Victorian Alps seems attributable to this species, although the specimens vary greatly in size, some being quite twice as large as the South Australian examples ; the red spot common to the elytra is, moreover, in most of this Victorian series (especially in the larger examples) evidently less conspicuous. S. Australia ; common in the Port Lincoln district. L. suturellus, sp. nov. Breviter ovalis; postice parum angus- tatus; nitidus; piceus vel rufo-piceus; antennis, palpis, prothoracis et elytrorum marginibus (sutura inclusa), corpore subtus, pedibusque, testaceis ; capite prothoraceque subtilis- sime confertim (parum perspicue) punctulatis; elytris vix striatis, striis subfortiter punctulatis, interstitiis (prasertim suturam versus) confuse perspicue punctulatis. Long., 2-11: lat., 21.21. vix). This species may be distinguished from the others known to me by the conspicuous paleness of its suture, which seems to be constant ; it may be known from the two preceding by the much more strongly punctured striz of its elytra and the quite different style of the puncturation of the interstices, which does not vary alternately, but becomes gradually feebler from that nearest the o7 suture (where it is nearly as strong as in the strive) towards the external margin, the interstices between the middle of the elytra and the margin being scarcely visibly punctulate. The sculpture of the elytra is very much as in the European Phalacrus caricis, Sturm., the punctures in the strize and in the inner interstices being about as they are in that species. The punctures in the strie scarcely become feebler towards the lateral margin, nor are they very much finer even close to the apex. Western Australia. L. lateralis, sp. nov. Breviter ovalis ; postice parum angustatus ; nitidus ; piceo-niger, capite et elytrorum apice paullo rufes- centibus, antennis palpis pedibus et corpore subtus testaceis (his nonnullis exemplis paullo infuscatis); capite protho- raceque confertim perspicue punctulatis ; elytris vix striatis, striis subfortiter punctulatis ; interstitiis omnibus eque con- fuse perspicue punctulatis. Long., 1—121.; lat., 3—+]. var? major ; prothorace sat late rufo-cingulato. Long., 1£1.; leat: k 1: This species is larger than L. suturellus, and is very differently coloured ; in shape and sculpture the two are very similar, except in L. lateralis having the lateral interstices of its elytra punctured quite as strongly as the interstices near the suture. South Australia; near Port Lincoln. The var? major was taken near Adelaide. L. frigidus, sp. nov. Sat breviter ovalis, postice parum angus- tatus ; nitidus; antennarum clava, capite, prothoraceque (lateribus rufescentibus exceptis), nigris; elytris rufescen- tibus hic illic infuscatis ; ceteris rufo-testaceis ; capite pro- thoraceque subtilissime confertim punctulatis ; elytris vix striatis striis subfortiter punctulatis, interstitiis omnibus obscure punctulatis. Long., 11.; lat., 21. The most noticeable character of this species is the black club of its antenne, of which moreover the stem is more slender than in the other species known to me of Litochrus, with the seventh joint scarcely, if at all, longer than the sixth. In the other species I have not found any very available antennal distinctive characters, but they all seem to have the seventh joint distinctly longer than the sixth, and also the third conspicuously elongated. The fact is the antenne (owing to the compression of the apical joints, which seem more convex moreover on one of the compressed faces than the other) appear different in two examples of the same species unless they are absolutely similarly brushed out, and in these minute insects it is difficult to be sure one has attained this result. The puncturation of the elytra in this species is not much different from that of Z. lateralis, but owing to the ex- G 98 tremely shining surface and lighter colour of the elytra, the puncturation is less noticeable unless examined under a powerful magnifier. Victoria ; a single example embedded in snow on one of the higher mountains. LITOCHRUS (?) The next two species represent a type which can hardly stand as truly congeneric with the preceding, as the tibiz are devoid of apical spines, and the basal joint of the hind tarsi is shorter than the second. It agrees with Zitochrus in having the hind tarsi evidently longer than the intermediate, in its metasternum pro- duced to the extent of concealing the mesosternum, and in its subglobular front (and adjacent hind) coxe, vec., dc. I should have no hesitation in founding a new genus for it were it not that I have not been able to consult the diagnoses of the new American Phalacrid genera already referred to, and it is possible that it may pertain to one of them. I find that in the species before me, the clypeus is somewhat more developed than in the preceding, encroaching somewhat on the labrum. L. (2) alpicola, sp. nov. Nitidus; subcuneiformis ; postice forti- ter angustatus ; obscure rufo-testaceus, capite prothoraceque subinfuscatis ; his leviter sat crebre punctulatis ; elytris vix striatis, striis subtiliter perspicue (interstitiis subtilissime seriatim) punctulatis. Long., 11. ; lat., 21. The most distinctive specific character of this insect seems to be its shape, the sides converging strongly in a curved manner hindward from close to the base of the elytra. The puncturation of the head and prothorax is decidedly less fine than in any of the species of Litochrus described above, but it is very faintly impressed. Victoria ; Alpine district. L.(?) uniformis, sp. nov. Latus ; fere rotundus; ferrugineus ; sublevis ; elytrorum stria suturali postice maniteste im- pressa. Long., #].; lat., 1. (v1x). The whole surface under a powerful Coddington, lens shows scarcely a trace of sculpture of any kind—merely the faintest indication of very minute puncturation—except the sutural stria of the elytra, which is moderately defined in the hinder two- thirds of its length. In the example before me all the margins (including the suture) of the elytra are narrowly and obscurely infuscate. S. Australia; near Adelaide. 99 PHALACRINUS (gen. nov.). A Phalacro dittert antennarum clava sat Jaxe articulata, clypeo antice producto labrum obtegente, mesosterno late manifesto a metasterno haud obtecto, coxis anticis minus globosis, tarsis brevibus inter se longitudine sat equalibus, his vix perspicue 5-articulatis, posticorum articulo 2° quam 1" paullo breviori. This genus has quite the facies of Phalacrus, but as will be seen by the above diagnosis there are structural peculiarities which almost suggest hesitation in placing it in the family Phalacride ; especially the extreme indistinctness of the 4th tarsal joint, and the feeble globosity of the front coxee.* P. australis, sp. nov. Nitidus; subcuneiformis ; postice fortiter angustatus ; testaceus; elytris plus minus infuscatis; sub- levis, elytris distincte striatis, striis postice (externis totis) punctulatis, interstitlis postice subconvexis. Long., 1} 1] Jat., =; 1. The interval between the outermost stria and the lateral mar- gin of the elytron is very wide anteriorly (about two-fifths of the width of the whole elytron); but it narrows hindward very quickly, and is in the hinder half of its length of almost uniform width, and less than half as wide as in front. Hach elytron bears 9 striz, none of which quite reach the base except the 4th, 5th, 6th, 7th, and 8th, and of these only the 7th and 8th are more than very faintly indicated close to the base. The striz become deeper and more strongly punctulate successively from the suture toward the lateral margin, and also from the base hindward, the puncturation of the 3 or 4 strie nearest the suture being scarcely indicated in front. The 9th stria terminates in front by running rather indistinctly into the 8th considerably behind the base of the elytron, and the 7th and 8th are connected on the base. (In some examples, however, the anterior inflected part of these striz 1s scarcely traceable, so that the 8th and 9th striz seem to terminate independently) The infuscation of the elytra is ae) * Since writing these remarks I have had the advantage of receiving a communication from Mr. A. Sidney Ollifte, the Colonial Entomologist of N.S.Wales, who has been kind enough to examine a specimen of P. australis for me. Mr. Olliffe is a high authority on the Clavicorn genera, whose opinion is much more valuable than mine. He regards what I have taken to be a minute 4th joint of the tarsi as merely a basal dilation of the apical joint, and cannot discover a suture. I have no doubt he is right, and that my observation was incorrect. Apart from this difficulty, Mr. Olliffe would be disposed to refer the insect to the Phalacridw, but regards this objeccion as a very serious one. However, as it seems to me that Phalacrinus would be much more out of place in any other family, I have thought it on the whole best to let it stand where I have placed it, and at the same time to record the notes with which Mr. Olliffe has favoured me. 100 variable, it appears never to extend to the portion between the 9th stria and the lateral margin; in some examples it consists merely in the striw being darker than the general colour, and in others it suffuses nearly the whole disc. The sculpture (excluding the punctulate striz of the elytra) is so fine that the insect may almost be called levigate, but the space between the 9th stria and the lateral margin is a little more distinctly punctulate than the general surface. On the underside the puncturation is not much more distinct than on the upper surface except on the sides of the metasternum, where it is moderately defined. S. Australia ; Port Lincoln, also near Morgan. P. obtusus, sp. nov. Latus ; postice quam antice parum fortius angustatus ; elytrorum striis minus perspicue punctulatis ; cetera ut P. australis. Long., 12 1.; lat., 2 1. The difference of this insect from the preceding in respect of shape strikes the eye at once, this being at its widest scarcely in front of the middle, and being not much more narrowed hind- ward than in front, while in australis the greatest width is con- siderably in front of the middle, and the front part of the insect is wide and obtuse, with the hinder part strongly narrowed. In obtusus none of the striz are distinctly punctulate, while in australis the external strize are dotted with well-defined isolated punctures. S. Australia; near Port Lincoln. P. rotundus, sp. nov. Rotundus; brevis; elytris haud longiori- bus quam conjunctim latioribus ; his margine laterali latis- simo, striis minus crebre punctulatis ; cetera ut P. australis. Long., 1 1.5 lat., + 1. This species is exceedingly close to the preceding two, but its shape is so distinctly different that I cannot regard it otherwise than as a good species. Its outline is nearly a circle, the elytra down the suture being (by measurement) not at all longer than they are together wide at their widest part ; in the preceding two species they are distinctly longer than together wide. The interval between the 9th stria and the lateral margin is in P. rotundus distinctly wider than in the preceding two species, especially in its hinder part. The puncturation of the strie is stronger than in P. obtusus, and the punctures are less closely placed than in P. australis. S. Australia ; near Port Lincoln. PHALACRUS. P. corruscus, Panz. A Phalacrus occurring commonly in South Australia, and which I have met with in Victoria also, appears to me incapable of separation from this European species. 101 P. Burrundiensis, sp. nov. Breviter obtuse ovalis ; convexus ; nitidissimus ; niger; antennis pedibusque piceis; elytris perspicue striatis, interstitiis puncturis sat subtilibus biseria- tim leviter impressis; antennarum clava minus elongata, articulo ultimo precedentibus 2 conjunctis vix longitudine eequali, apice minus acuminato. lLong., 1}1].; lat., #1. This species is very like P. corrwscus, Panz., but differs in being an evidently wider insect in proportion to its length, in its more evenly rounded sides—the greatest width of the body being a little behind, rather than at, the base of the elyrta—and in the last joint of the antenne being scarcely so long as the preceding two together, and being of more conical form, with the apex blunt. The puncturation of the elytra, too, when attentively examined, is seen to be different. In corrwscus it is fine, close, and even, there being no strie (except the sutural one), and scarcely a trace of longitudinal arrangement in any part of the puncturation. In the present species the elytra are very feebly striated throughout, the striw for the most part running in pairs (each pair very close together), and the spaces between the several pairs of strive (which are much wider than those between the striz of each pair) bear each two rows of punctures, which are very faintly impressed rather than very fine, but are quite discernible under a good lens. In the example before me the apical joint of the antenne is obscurely testaceous. Northern Territory of S. Australia. OLIBRUS. O. Victoriensis, sp. nov. lLatus ; breviter ovalis ; nitidus ; tes- taceo-rufus ; capite postice et prothorace (lateribus et basi exceptis) obscurioribus ; capite prothoraceque subtilissime confertim punctulatis; elytris punctulato-substriatis, inter- stitiis perspicue minus crebre punctulatis. Long., 141. ; lat., #1. This insect seems to possess all the characters of Olibrus, the hind tarsi longer than the intermediate, with basal joint shorter than the second, tibie having apical spines, &c., &e. Compared with O. corticalis, Sch., it is a good deal wider in proportion to its length, and is considerably less attenuated behind, and _ less convex ; the puncturation of its elytra is as strong in the inter- stices as in the strie, and is slightly stronger than in Phalacrus caricis, Starm. Victoria ; in the Alpine district. NITIDULID. Tn recently working through the specimens belonging to this family in my collection, I have been surprised to find how little 102 use describers have made of the presence or absence (and the shape) of a piece of the under-surface which is, I suppose, the epimeron of the mesosternum, and which in some genera assumes a remarkable position and form ; in Meligethes (e.g.) it appears. as a triangular plate separating from each other in the front half of their length tne metasternum and the metasternal episternum. As I am not quite sure that I am right in deeming it the meso- sternal epimeron, I propose in the following descriptions, «c., where I have occasion to refer to this piece, to call it the ‘“inter- mediate plate,” so as to avoid the risk of giving it a misleading name. I have looked through several works on the Nitidulide (e.g., Reitter’s “ Systematische Eintheilung der Nitidularien,” the chapter on the “ Nitidulaires” in the ‘Genera des Coléopteres,” the corresponding chapter in the “ Insecten Deutschlands ”) with- out having found any discussion of this character—although I have no doubt it has been remarked by someone, if I could hit the right author. I have not access to a sufficiently large collec- tion of Nitedulide to be able to say how far this character would be available for purposes of classification in general; but so far as concerns the Australian species and such European and American ones as are respresented in my collection, the inter- position of this “intermediate plate” between the metasternum and its episterna, and also its shape when so interposed, appear to be distinctive of genera. [I have examined a considerable number of specimens of the following genera, and find -this “intermediate plate” in Cychramptodes, Meligethes, Pria, Mac- roura, Gaulodes, Nitidula, Cychramus, Ips (all well defined) ; and in Amphotis and Pocadius feebly discoverable ; while in the Brachypterides, Carpophilides, Epurzea, Haptoncus, Haptoncura, Soronia, and Omosita I do not find it at all discernible. Another character that might, I think, be much used with advantage in classifying the Vitidulide is the degree of coarse- ness of granulation of the eye. So far as I have been able to investigate the matter the granulation of the eyes in this family is of three distinct types. It is more or less fine in the Brachy- pterides, Carpophilides, Epurzea, Haptoncus, Haptoncura, Nitidula. Amphotis, Omosita, Meligethes, Pocadius, Macroura, Pria, Ips. In the other genera, viz., Soronia, Gaulodes, Lasiodoctylus, Cychramptodes, Ideethina, Authinodes, Cychramus, it is coarser ; but of those with more coarsely granulated eyes (7.e., with the facets large) some have the individual facets almost flat (e.g.. Gaulodes, Cychramptodes), while others have them more or less strongly convex, /dethina (presuming my identification of that genus to be correct) standing pre-eminent in respect of that character. 103 HAPTONCURA. H. Victoriensis, sp. nov. Ovalis; pubescens; testacea, pro- thoracis disco utrinque, antennarum articulis ultimis 4 vel 5 vel 6, et elytrorum disco, infuscatis ; confertissime minus subtiliter punctulata; prothorace quam longiori duplo latiori, antrorsum angustato, antice leviter emarginato, lateribus ab apice ad basin gradatim magis late reflexo- marginatis, angulis posticis bene determinatis retrorsum subproductis. Long., 12 1.—1/1.; lat., 3—41. This species has entirely the facies of an European Epurea, but clearly belongs, I think, to the genus (or subgenus) Hiaptoncura. Its pubescence and puncturation scarcely differ from the same in /. pusilla, Hbst. Compared with that species it is much less elongate and parallel (more like Z#. deleta, Er., in outline), with the sides of the prothorax much less widely re- tlexed (especially in front), the elytra less widely margined, tibiz with apical spines, «ec. Of Australian Haptoncure, no doubt imperialis, Reitt, is its nearest ally. I have not, so far as I know, seen that species (the exact habitat of which is not known), but it evidently differs from it in many characters, of which I may specify the puncturation no doubt much stronger (imperialis is said to be “ subtilissime punctulata”), the front of the prothorax less strongly emarginate, &c. The colours and markings, too, are evidently different, the prothorax having in anperialis on either side a black discal vitta, abbreviated in front ; this species an elongate blotch (often al- most obsolete), not more abbreviated in front than behind ; the elytra in typical specimens of «mperialis having (among other markings) a large common triangular, basal, dark spot. Of the present species [ have seen nothing like this in any specimen, but ordinarily there is a large dark spot occupying the greater part of the disc of each elytron, nearly reaching the suture and lateral margin, and widely separated from the base and apex. This spot is hable to be altogether wanting (rarely), or extended over the whole elytron, except the lateral margin. The females are pro- portionally much broader and more robust than the males. Victoria ; on flowers in the Alpine district. Hl. Lindensis, sp. nov. Ovalis; pubescens ; testacea vel rufa ; elytris maculatim et corpore subtus, plus minus infuscatis ; leviter (in prothorace sat crebre in elytris magis sparsim fo) punctulata; prothorace quam longiori vix duplo latiori, an- trorsum sat angustato, antice subbisinuato, lateribus angus- > b) b) o tissime reflexo-marginatis, angulis posticis sat rotundatis. > b) oD This little species is evidently closely allied to //. /i/iputana, 104 but differs cnter alia in its less closely punctured prothorax, with rotundate-obtuse hind angles. From the two other previously described Australian species, and from //. Victoriensis, it differs in the very narrow margins of its prothorax. The infuscation of its elytra (which is never clearly defined) consists of a shading round the scutellum and a vitta down the disc of each elytron, which is dilated near, but does not reach, the apex ; this vitta is liable to be broken into several small patches, or even to be scarcely discernible, and in some examples the shading round the scutellum is very faint. In some examples the underside is entirely rufous, in others the metasternum or hind body, or both, may be more or less infuscate. The puncturation, I regret that I cannot compare satisfactorily with that of any well-known species ; the prothorax is finely alutaceous, and on this surface it is (by no means closely) pitted with faintly impressed, but not very small, punctures ; the punctures on the elytra are still more sparse and faint. . S. Australia ; common on flowers near Port Lincoln. fl, Meyricki, sp. nov. Ovalis; pubescens; testacea vel rufa ; elytris et corpore subtus plus minus infuscatis ; prothorace confertim sat subtiliter punctulato, quam longiori minus duplo latiori, antrorsum angustato, antice bisinuato, lateri- bus angustissime reflexo-marginatis, angulis posticis rotun- dato-obsusis ; elytris sparsim leviter punctulatis. Long., 11; lat., 31. This species is very like HW. Lindensis. I do not find any note- worthy difference in the colours, except that in ordinary types of this the infuscation of the elytra is almost confined to the region of the scutellum, and that the general colour of the elytra is dis- tinctly paler than in //. Lindensis. It can be at once dis- tinguished from /indensis by the much closer and less faint puncturation of the prothorax, and from //. /iliputana, Reitt., by its different colour, less transverse prothorax, &e. W. Australia ; taken by Mr. E. Meyrick. H. wniformis, sp. nov. Ovalis; vix pubescens ; rufo-brunnea vel nigro-brunnea; antennis palpis pedibusque rufis; minus sub- tiliter subsparsim equaliter punctulata ; prothorace quam longiori minus duplo latiori, antrosum angustato, antice sub- bisinuato, lateribus angustissime reflexo-marginatis, angulis posticis rotundato-obtusis. Long., 11. ; lat., 31. The unicolorous dark reddish or blackish brown colour of this species seems to be distinctive, as also its evenly distributed punc- turation, which is evidently stronger than in the preceding two species. Victoria ; cn flowers in the Alpine district. 105 N.B.—As the last three species described above have a con- siderably different facies from Hpurca, owing to the very narrow lateral margins of their prothorax, I should have hesitated to refer them to Haptoncura, were it not for their being evidently close allies of H. liliputana, Reitter. It will perhaps be well to mention that they possess the characters which in Herr Reitter’s tabulation of the Vitidulide (verh. ver. Briinn, 1873) would refer them to Epurea (from which genus Haptoncwra has since been separated), viz., prosternum not produced hindward, tarsi dilated, elytra nearly covering the pygidium, labrum emarginate, apex of mandibles simple, and in addition the tibiz distinctly spined at the apex and other characters distinguishing Haptoncura. The described Australian species may be thus tabulated :— A. Lateral margins of prothorax widely reflexed. B. Elytral markings consisting of a dark vitta:* 2: apr ... Wictoriensis, Blackb. BB. Elytra not marked as in fimperialis, Reitt., Victoriensis ... ae ... (subquadrata, Reitt. AA. Lateral margins of prothorax extremely narrow. B. Prothorax rectangular at base (colour uniformly testaceous) liliputana, Reitt. BB. Hind angles of prothorax more or less roundly obtuse. C. Prothorax and elytra differently punctured inter Se. D. Prothorax closely punctured oe DD. Prothorax faintly and less closely punctured .... Lindensis, Blackb. CC. Puncturation of upper surface quite uniform uniformis, Blackb. Meyricki, Blackb. NITIDULA. N. quadripustulata, Fab. This species (doubtless imported) is not uncommon in the neighbourhood of Adelaide. I have not seen any previous notice of its occurrence in Australia. SORONIA. S. simulans, sp. nov. Sat late ovalis; pubescens ; crebre punctu- lata ; nigro-picea ; prothoracis elytrorumque lateribus (his sat angustis) antennis pedibus et corpore subtus rufescenti- bus ; prothorace quam longiori plus duplo latiori, antrorsum fortiter angustatis, antice sat fortiter vix bisinuatim emar- ginato, angulis posticis rectis retrorsum leviter productis ; elytris sub-seriatim punctulatis, interstitiis alternis fulvo- pubescentibus. Long., 22 1.; lat., 14 1. (vix). Agrees with Soronia in all generic characters, I think,—elytra 106 almost entirely covering the pygidium, labrum well developed, emarginate, prothorax not overlapping the base of the elytra, prosternum not prolonged in a free process behind the anterior cox, tarsi simple, apex of mandibles bidentate. Of the previously described Australian Soronie, I have not seen S. superba, Reitt., but from the description it is obvious. that it is very different from this species—with conspicuous markings on the upper surface ; S. variegata, Macl., is stated by Mr. Olliffe (from examination of the type) to be a Weaspis ; S. amphotiformis, Reitt., is a very different insect, with very much wider lateral margins, markings on the elytra, &c., &e. Compared with the European S. punctatissima, Ill, the present species (apart from colour and markings) is less elongate, with lateral margins much narrower, anterior angles of prothorax much less produced, surface of prothorax without inequalities, puncturation of upper surface much more distinct and subrugu- lose, seriate pubescence of elytra very conspicuous, puncturation of under surface inuch coarser, &e., ke. The colour and markings are much like those of several Aus- tralian Nitidulide of other genera, e.g., Lasiodactylus marginatus, Reitt. Victoria ; Alpine district. LASIODACTYLUS. L. marginatus, Reitt. (var. ? obscurus). Nigro-piceus vel piceo- rufescens ; antennis (nonnullis exemplis clava picea) pedibus et corpore subtus rufis, nonnullis exemplis prothoracis lateri- bus dilutioribus ; supra fortiter sat crebre punctulatus ; pro- thorace quam longiori vix duplo latiori, antrorsum sat angus- tato, antice leviter emarginato, angulis posticis rotundato- obtusis ; elytris subseriatim punctulatis, interstitiis alternis seriatim setulosis; tibiis anticis apice extus dente curvato productis. Long., 14 1.—211.; lat., + 1.-—l21. I have not seen a typical example of ZL. marginatus, Reitt., but the specimens before me agree fairly well with the description, except in respect of colour. As I have seen a good many speci- mens, the variety seems to be deserving of a name, even if it be only a var. I have described it suticiently fully to characterise it as a species if it prove to be distinct from LZ. marginatus, as the des- cription of the latter is wanting in detail—the puncturation, for instance, merely being called ‘close, and on the elytra irregularly seriate,” without any indication whether it is fine or coarse. I do not know any familiar Australian WVitidulid with which the puncturation of the present form can be profitably compared. It is not unlike the prothoracic puncturation of Jacroura deceptor, 107 Blackb., but this information will not be of much value to most Coleopterists ; it is, however, in character very similar to the puncturation of the common European Jps ferrugineus, Fab., but is very much closer, the whole upper surface being quite as closely punctured as the head of [ps ferrugineus. The “intermediate plate” on the under surface is moderately large, and is equilaterally triangular in shape. Queensland. IDETHINA. The following species is so near absolute agreement with Herr Reitter’s characters for this genus that I do not think it would be desirable to give it a new generic name merely on the ground of some slight discrepancies. These are that the mesosternum is (not “scarcely,” but) not carinate, and that the prosternum is not prolonged behind the front cox in a distinct process. The structure of the prosternum is not mentioned in Herr Reitter’s diagnosis of the genus, but from its being placed near thina and Lasiodactylus the presence may be inferred of at least the “small pin-point-like process” attributed to those two. This, however, I have not been able to detect in the example before me, the prosternum being bent down behind the anterior coxz almost exactly as in Soronia. It is possible, however, that this may be the case in /dethina, as otherwise it is difficult to under- stand why its author has separated it from Lasiodactylus, as all the characters given are also attributed to Lasiodactylus, except the labrum being very short, and this latter character seems a very feeble one on which to found a genus. The claws of /dethina are said to be “simple;” the claws of the specimen before me are certainly not dentate, but they are slightly dilated at the base— not, however, to an extent that seems inconsistent with their being called simple. It is possible that Herr Reitter, if he saw this insect, would give it a new generic name. I may add that the eyes of this insect are more strongly and coarsely granulate than those of any other Nitidulid known to me. The piece of the undersurface which I have called the “intermediate plate” (vide p. 102) is very large and well defined, almost as in Meligethes. I. cincta, sp. nov. Late subcylindrica ; subnitida ; sat longe fulvo-pubescens ; rufus, prothoracis et elytrorum singulorum disco infuscato; prothoracis elytrorumque marginibus et tibiarum posteriorum 4 marginibus externis dense ciliatis ; prothorace quam longiori fere duplo latiori, minus subtiliter sat crebre subrugulose punctulato, antrorsum fortiter an- custato, antice emarginato, angulis posticis rectis, lateribus anguste marginatis; elytris postice singulatim late rotundatis pygidii dense pubescentis basin tegentibus, seriatim pube- 108 scentibus, leviter striatis, striis minus subtiliter punctulatis apicem versus vix profundioribus, interstitiis vix perspicue punctulatis; corpore subtus leviter sat crasse punctulato. Long. 2s lat re. Besides difference in colour, this species seems to differ from I. Deyrollei, Reitter, inter alia, by its striate elytra and more strongly punctulate prothorax. S. Australia; taken by Mr. McDougall near Victor Harbour. MACROURA. Of this genus I have three species before me. One of them (from Western Australia and the Port Lincoln district of South Australia) is, L think, J. brunnescens, Reitt., the exact habitat of which has not, so far as I can ascertain, been previously re- corded. It agrees with the description in every respect, except that the author does not mention the sutural angles of the elytra being rounded off so as to show a small piece of the propygidium. In his description of the Indian J/. meligethoides, Herr Reitter mentions the presence of this character, and therefore his omission to mention it in describing J. brwnnescens seems to imply its absence, but in all other respects the insect agrees so well with the description that I think the omission is probably accidental. MM. deceptor, sp. nov. Late ovalis; vix nitida ; aureo-pubescens ; piceo-nigra, labro ore antennis pedibus elytrorumque apice summo rutis ; prothorace quam longiori duplo latiori, antror- sum sat angustato, antice leviter emarginato, fortiter sat crebre punctulato, angulis posticis rectis retrorsum sat pro- ductis ; elytris apice singulatim rotundatis (propygidium in medio aperientibus), sat fortiter vix regulariter striatis, interstitiis ruguloso-punctulatis et seriatim minus perspicue aureo-pubescentibus ; pygidio ruguloso. Long. 14 1.; Jats; = 1. Remarkably like a large Meligethes ; the very strong and not very close puncturation of the prothorax, separately rounded (not truncate) apices of the elytra, the red apex of the elytra and the red antenne will in combination distinguish this species from all its described congeners. Northern Territory of South Australia. M., Baileyi, sp. nov. Late ovalis; subnitida ; aureo-pubescens ; atra, antennarum basi pedibusque rufescentibus ; prothorace quam longiori duplo latiori, antrorsum fortiter angustato, antice bisinuato, crebre sat fortiter punctulato, angulis pos- ticis rectis retrorsum sat productis ; elytris apice singulatim late rotundatis (propygidium in medio aperientibus), sat for- titer sat regulariter striatis, interstitiis rugulosis et seriatim aureo-pubescentibus ; pygidio reguloso. lLong., 13 1.; lat. £1. 109 Resembles the preceding species, but differs in colour and im the evidently closer and less strong puncturation of the prothorax, which is about as strong as (and somewhat closer than) that of the prothorax of the European Srachypterus urtice, Fab. Of the previously described species MW. brunnescens, Reitt., and nigra, Reitt., are considerably larger, the former (as also J/. densita, Reitt,) having the prothorax very much more finely punctured, and the latter—besides having the prothorax more finely punc- tured (as I should judge from the description)—having black pubescence and elytra truncate at the apex. Queensland ; taken on Mount Bellenden-Ker by F. M. Bailey, Esq. (of botanical fame). AITHINODES (gen. nov. W2tidulidarwm ). Labrum transversum emarginatum; antennarum clava magna fortiter compressa, articulis fortiter transversis ; oculi parvi fortiter prominentes fortiter granulati; prothorax elytrorum basin haud tegens; elytra pygidium fere totum tegentia ; prosternum pone coxas breviter productum et-abrupte in apicem acutum retrorsum angustatum ; tarsi modice dilatati; unguiculi basi dente obtuso armati ; corpus ovale pubescens ;. mesosternum carinatum. T cannot ascertain that any genus has been described hitherto: to which an insect presenting the above characters could be re- ferred without a likelihood of causing confusion, and therefore I am obliged to give a new name. The piece of the undersurface which I have called the “inter- mediate plate” is very distinct ; it is narrow and elongate, much as in Gaulodes, awd not unlike the corresponding piece in Jps. Other characters that seem likely to be generic are great elonga- tion of the third joint of the antenne, as compared with the fol- lowing joints, and the disappearance of the third and fifth rows. of pubescence on the elytra considerably before the apex. I think the position of this genus will be near Lasiodactylus and thina, which have a very similar prosternal process— broad immediately behind the cox, and then narrowed to an apical angle very abruptly, so that the part behind the cox is triangular, and yet very short. I have not been able to examine the mandibles. The tarsi are dilated a little more strongly than in Amphotis. The eyes resemble those of the European Cychramus luteus, Kug., but are smaller, and even more promin- ent. LE. marmoratum, sp. nov. Late ovale, postice sat angustatum ; sat nitidum; pubescens; rufo-ferrugineum, prothorace elytrisque maculatim infuscatis ; prothorace quam longiori duplo latiori, minus subtiliter minus crebre punctulato, 110 antrorsum sat fortiter angustato, antice emarginato, angulis posticis acute rectis retrorsum subproductis, lateribus minus anguste reflexo-marginatis ; elytris postice singulatim rotun- datis, fere ut prothorax punctulatis (sed puncturis subseria- tim dispositis), seriatim pubescentibus, apicem versus seriebus 1* 2° 4* que in carinis elevatis, 3° 5° que obsoletis. iuong:,) Lite laie sa. Besides tie Api part of the first, second, and fourth rows of pubescence, the parts of the sixth and seventh immediately be- hind the middle seem to be a little elevated. In the example before me the infuscation on the disc of the prothorax is blotchy and very ill-defined, while that on the elytra is very distinct, consisting of a large common basal triangle and a number of small spots, the largest of which are on either side of the suture near the apex. Tropical Australia ; I am not sure of the exact locality. THALYCRODES (gen. nov. Vitidulidarum ). Labrum bilobum; antennarum clava ut TZhalycre,; oculi sat magni sat prominentes modice granulati; prothorax elytrorum basin haud tegens; elytra pygidii partem tegentia ; prosternum ut Lasiodact fyli i, mesosternum subtiliter carina- tum; tibie omnes extus dentibus spinulisque armatee; tarsi simplices; unguiculi basi vix compresso - dilatati ; corpus pubescens, marginibus dense ciliatis. " The species for which I propose this name cannot be referred to Thalycra, on account of their having all their tibie strongly armed externally, the claws not truly simple, and the mesosternum traversed longitudinally by an extremely fine elevated line. I cannot help thinking that 7halycra australis, Germ., is congeneric with the species before me, and that its author overlooked the extremely fine carina on the mesosternum—indeed, I should have no hesitation whatever in considering one of the insects before me as identical with it specifically if it were not for this diff- culty. J have therefore given it the name australe, as I am satisfied that, if generically, it is also specifically identical. The “intermediate plate” on the undersurface of this genus is decidedly large, and forms a triangle. The third joint of the antenne is, as in thinodes, longer “than the next. two together. Unfortunately, I have not been able to compare these species with a specimen of Zhalycra, and have had to depend upon descriptions of that genus, aided by my memory of it, in making the preceding remarks. T. australe (?Germ.). Ovale; convexum; sat nitidum ; pube- scens ; ferrugineo-brunneum (elytris nonnullis exemplis ob- scure testaceo-maculatis); prothorace quam longiori duplo Lit latiori, minus subtiliter minus crebre punctulato, antrorsum sat fortiter angustato, antice emarginato, angulis posticis rotundatis lateribus anguste marginatis; elytris postice rotundato-truncatis, vix striatis, striis crebre punctulatis, interstitiis vix punctulatis alternis griseo-pilosis. var. tenebrosum, corpore et antennarum clava nigrescentibus, ee manifeste testaceo-maculatis. Long., 1}—141. ; lat., 3 4 ae The front tibize have three blunt teeth placed round the apical external margin; the intermediate tibie have their external margin finely spined in its whole length, and there is a large bifid tooth a little before the apex, and a simple sharp one still nearer to the apex; the external margin of the hind tibie is finely spined in all its length, and bears close to its apex a long tooth which ends in two spines. The “intermediate plate” is in the form of an equilateral triangle, and is of large size. The pale markings on the elytra consist of three or four large spots placed at intervals on either side of the suture in the anterior two-thirds of its length, and an additional spot on the base at the shoulder. In ordinary specimens they are scarcely, or not at all, noticeable; in the var. tenebroswm, they are very conspicuous. S. Australia ; near Adelaide, also near Port Lincoln. T. pulchrum, sp. nov. Ovale; convexum; pubescens; ferrug- ineum, elytris notis infuscatis numerosis maculatis; pro- thorace quam longiori duplo latiori, minus subtiliter sat sparsim punctulato, antrorsum sat fortiter angustato, antice emarginato, angulis posticis bene determinatis obtusis, lateri- bus anguste marginatis : ; elytris postice rotundato-truncatis, leviter striatis, striis crebre punctulatis, interstitiis vix punctulatis alternis griseo-pilosis. Long., 12 |. (vix); lat., 2 1. The front tibie are strongly crenulate all along their external edge, and have two strong sharp teeth, one at the apex, the other immediately before it ; the middle and hind tibiz are feebly and widely serrate externally, and also bear a: series of strong spines, their apex being dilated externally into a kind of blunt tooth, on which are several longer spines. The dark markings on the elytra are very distinct and very intricate. The suture is infuscate, a series of spots forms a kind of festoon from shoulder to shoulder, crossing the suture at about a-third of its length from the base, and on either side sends a branch forward to the base. from the middle of its length between shoulder and suture, several spots placed transversely occupy the middle part of each elytron, and the apex is edged with dark-brown, which is con- tinued on either side“and then arched forward to the suture so as 112 to form a ring intersected by the dark suture on either side of which it thus encloses a patch of the pale ferruginous ground colour. The ‘intermediate plate” is in the form of an equi- lateral triangle, but is much smaller than in the preceding species. S. Australia ; near Port Lincoln. T. cylindricum, sp. nov. Sat elongatum; subparallelum ; sub- cylindricum ; piceo-nigrum, capite prothoraceque obscure rufescentibus ; antennis (clava excepta) pedibus et elytrorum maculis nonnullis rufis ; prothorace quam longiori dimidio latiori, vix subcanaliculato, crebre minus subtiliter subaspere punctulato, antrorsum minus angustato, antice- leviter emarginato, angulis posticis rotundato-obtusis, lateribus sat anguste marginatis; elytris postice rotundato-truncatis, leviter striatis, striis crebre punctulatis, interstitiis subrugu- losis, alternis griseo-pilosis ; oculis minus fortiter granulatis. Long., 12 1.; lat., $1 Although the subcylindric form and less strongly granulated eyes of this insect suggest considerable doubt as to whether it is rightly placed here, I cannot regard those characters as sufficient foundation for a new genus. The 3rd joint of the antenne is a little less elongate than in the preceding two species, and on the under surface the “intermediate plate” is considerably narrowed and elongated; the other structural characters seem identical. The red blotches on the elytra are not very strongly defined (having somewhat the appearance of being marked on the inner surface of the elytra, and seen through its substance)—but I have no doubt their brightness is variable. They are very similar to those in some examples of 7’. australe. The front tibie are very like those of 7. pulchrum, but them crenulations are feebler and they have only a single blunt bifid tooth at the apex; the middle and hind tibie are spined ex- ternally, and have a bifid tooth close to the apex. Victoria ; in the Alpine district. TROGOSITIDAZ. NEASPIS. NV. pusilla, sp. nov. Elongato-ovalis ; sat nitida ; setulis albidis confuse vestita; picea, antennis basin versus prothoracis elytrorumque lateribus corpore subtus et pedibus plus minus rufescentibus ; capite prothoraceque crebre obscure subrugu- lose punctulatis; hoc quam longiori plus duplo latiori, antrorsum leviter angustato antice leviter emarginato, angulis posticis subrectis retrorsum subproductis, lateribus late mar- ginatis ciliatis subtiliter serratis; elytris sat crasse subrugu- 113 lose subseriatim punctulatis lateribus subtiliter ciliatis. Long., 121. ; lat., 21. (vix). Very like the common WV. variegata, Macl., but inter alia with- out any pattern on the elytra, much smaller, more elongate, with the prothorax more transverse and less emarginate in front, with anterior angles scarcely at all produced, and having its lateral margins finely serrate. South Australia; near Adelaide. PELTONYXA. I have before me two species evidently belonging, I think, to this genus, but I cannot identify either of them with the pre- viously recorded P. Deyrollei, Reitt., which is a much larger insect, besides differing in several other particulars. P. australis, sp. nov. Elongata, postice leviter dilatata, minus convexa ; vix pubescens; ferruginea, elytris dilutioribus, prothoracis disco utrinque (nonnullis exemplis) nigro- umbrato ; capite prothoraceque opacis confertim subtilissime punctulatis; hoc quam longiori duplo latiori, antrorsum parum angustato, lateribus minus rotundatis minus late reflexis, angulis posticis rotundato-obtusis ; elytris fortiter serlatim punctulatis, interstitiis alternis vix elevatis. Long., ft lat. |. South Australia ; Adelaide district. P. pubescens, sp. nov. Elongata, postice leviter dilatata, minus convexa ; pilis erectis sat elongatis vestita ; nigro-brunnea, antennis pedibus et prothoracis elytrorumque lateribus testa- ceis ; capite prothoraceque subtiliter rugulosis; hoc quam longiori duplo latiori, antrorsum parum angustato, lateribus minus rotundatis sat anguste reflexis, angulis posticis rotun- dato-obtusis ; elytris fortiter rugulose subseriatim punctu- tulatis. Long.,*121.; lat., 21. Victoria ; under bark of Eucalyptus in the Alpine district. COLYDITDAE. The determination of the question whether a given insect should be referred to this family or to the Venebrionide seems capable of depending merely on the existence or non-existence of a minute basal joint of the anterior four tarsi. Byrsax, for in- stance, was originally placed in the Colydiide as having tetramer- ous tarsi, and some years later its author, Mr. Pascoe, reported his having discovered it to be heteromerous, and so transferred it to the Tenebrionide. I draw attention to the close analogy (even if it be no more) between these families, because I have several new species before me for description, which I refer to the H 114 Colyduide, but with a doubt whether they may not possess—as Byrsax is said to do—a basal (tarsal) joint completely hidden in the cotyloid cavity of the tibia,” which I have failed to discover. DITOMA. D. pulchra, Blackb. In the Alpine district of Victoria I have met with some examples of an insect which appear to be scarcely specifically distinct from this 8. Australian species, although they are smaller and darker than the type. They vary a little in the prominence of the lateral dilatation of the prothorax, and I am not quite sure that they do not represent a distinct species, but I cannot find any invariable character by which to distinguish them. This insect bears a very remarkable general resemblance to Sparactus interruptus, Er. D. torrida, sp. nov. Minus depressa; minus nitida; glabra; ferruginea ; capite postice prothoracis disco et elytrorum maculis numerosis (his fascias 4 irregulares formantibus) obscure fuscis; prothorace granulato, utrinque bicostato et inter costas internas basin versus carinis 2 arcuatis instruc- tis, costis et marginibus lateralibus (his late reflexis) sub- tiliter crenulatis, angulis omnibus acutis; elytris singulis carinis 5 valde elevatis instructis, interstitiis crasse biseria- tim punctulatis. Long., 221. (v ix); lat., #1. This species must be near D. serricollis, Bae ; In that species: however, inter alia, the upper surface appears to be of a uniform dark-brown colour—the prothorax to be simply bicostate on either side instead of having a short arched additional costa — looped on to each of the inner cost near the base—and the head to be trilobed in front, whereas the head of the present species is rotundate-truncate in front, very much as that of the European D. crenata. N. Queensland ; in the collection of C. French, Esq. D. nivicola, sp. nov. Minus depressa; subnitida ; setis suberec- tis minus crebre vestita; brunneo-nigra; antennis, capite antice, prothoracis lateribus, elytrorum maculis parvis non- nullis (his testaceo-pubescentibus) et pedibus, rufis ; capite prothoraceque crebre granulosis ; hoc minus inequali, lateri- bus fortiter serratis a basi antrorsum gradatim magis fortiter dilatatis antice valde productis ; elytris striatis crasse subserlatim rugulose punctulatis. Long., 121.; lat., 2]. (vix). The colours and markings of this species are much like those of D. hilaris, Blackb., but the latter is a considerably narrower and more elongate insect, with the prothorax much less dilated laterally, the elytra less coarsely sculptured, We. Victoria; Alpine district, under the bark of a Bebe Si standing 1 in’ a snowdrift. 115 SARROTRIUM. S. australe, sp. nov. Elongatum; nigrum; antennis squamis eriseo-ferrugineis vestitis, pedibus ferrugineis, elytris fasciis 2 rufis ornatis ; capite utrinque pone oculos spina armato ; prothorace antrorsum angustato, angulis anticis lateraliter subspinosis ; elytris profunde punctulato-striatis, longitu- dinaliter 3-costatis, costis externis pone medium sinuatis. Long., 21.; lat., 21. (vix). Several genera of Zenebrionide (e.g., Elascus) have been de- scribed, the remarkable similarity of which to Colydiid genera has been remarked on. [I at first supposed this present species to pertain to one of them, but on careful examination I find that it does not; with the aid of a compound microscope I feel sure that it is not heteromerous; it can be so only if there is a very minute basal joint of the anterior tarsi so imbedded in the coty- loid cavity of the tibia as to be discoverable only by dissection, which I have not been able to employ, having only a single example. The fasciz on its elytra are of a bright red colour ; one of them commences a little behind the shoulder on the margin and runs obliquely to the suture a little in front of the middle, the other being subapical and straight. The short lateral spine into which the antennal orbit is drawn out behind the eye is a very distinctive character. The head and prothorax are extremely like those of Sarrotriwm clavicorne, and the antenne are almost exactly like the antenne of that species, though a little less stout. It may be remarked that the specimen before me is in its structural characters extremely like the figure of Latometus pubescens, Er. (Wiegm. Arch., 1842, I., tab. 5, fig. 3); it is, how- ever, evidently much narrower and more elongate, and moreover the figure represents Latometus as having all the five joints of the anterior four tarsi quite well detined. Victoria ; in the Alpine district. MERYX. M. equalis, sp. nov. Elongata; parallela ; supra equalis ; sub- nitida ; subreticulatim albido-pubescens ; capite prothora- ceque confertim subtiliter punctulatis; hoc postice minus angustato, lateribus crenulatis ; elytris sat fortiter vix seria- tim punctulatis, vix manifeste 3-costatis; antennarum articulis ultimis 2 quam 9" nonnihil brevioribus ; palporum maxillarum articulo ultimo apice oblique truncato. Long., 1—4].; lat., 1—121. The whitish pubescence is very inconspicuous on the prothorax ; on the elytra it is very distinct, but not very sharply limited ; it forms a reticulated pattern somewhat like the reticulation formed in the previously described species by coste. Compared with 116 MM. illota, Pasc., the present species is less opaque, its prothorax is less narrowed behind, and its antenne are longer, more slender, and less incrassate towards the apex, with the apical two joints distinctly though not much shorter than the preceding joints ; the last joint of the maxillary palpi is a little more sharply tri- angular than in WZ. allota. South Australia ; near Port Lincoln, under bark. SPARACTUS. This genus is remarkably like Ditoma superficially, but may be at once distinguished by the 3-jointed club of its antenne. A species occurring not uncommonly in 8. Australia and Victoria agrees very well with the description of S. interruptus, Er., the only species named up to the present time. The following seem to be new :— S. pustulosus, sp. nov. Opacus; niger, antennis pedibus pro- thoracis lateribus elytrorum basi et corpore subtus obscure rufescentibus; supra granulatus; capite angulos 4, pro- thorace processus serratos 3, utrinque formantibus ; horum antico permagno antrorsum curvato-producto; prothorace supra tuberculis conicis instructo; elytris 3-seriatim tuber- culatis. Long., 21.5 lat., + 1. S. Australia; common under bark of Eucalyptus in various localities. S. elongatus, sp. nov. Opacus; niger, antennis pedibus capite antice prothoracis lateribus et corpore subtus rufescentibus ; supra granulatus ; capite quadrato, antice rotundato-trun- cato, lateribus reflexis ; prothorace antice fortiter bisinuato, lateribus leviter sinuatis late reflexis crenulatis, disco tuberculis parvis nonnullis instructo ; elytris obscure 3-seria- tim tuberculatis. Long., 23 1.; lat., 1 1. (vix). S. Australia; Port Lincoln district. S. proximus, sp. nov. Opacus; niger, capite antice antennis pedibusque rufescentibus ; supra granulatus; capite fere ut S. interrupti, Er., sed angulis subanticis rotundatis ; pro- thorace inzequali, antice dilatato, margine crenulato ; elytris 3-costatis, costis interioribus interruptis. Long., 12 1. ; lat., Sle vax), Very like S. interruptus, Er., but differently coloured and sculptured, the upper surface (except the reddish front of the head) being unicolorous; the inner two costs on each elytron being less frequently, and less widely, interrupted (so that they appear much less like a series of tubercles) ;.and the hinder of the two angles of the sides of the head being quite rounded off. In both these species the upper surface of the head is flattish and i Wy more or less quadrate, but very close to its front margin is sud- denly contracted into an extremely short parallel-sided prolonga- tion ; in both, the sides and front of this terminal piece meet in sharp angles, and in S. interruptus there is also a well-defined angle at the point where the head is contracted, while in S. proximus this part is rounded off. S. Australia ; near Adelaide. S. costatus, sp. nov. Opacus; niger, pedibus plus minus piceis; antennis tarsis et corpore subtus obscure rufescentibus ; supra granulatus ; capite prothoraceque fere ut S. interrupte ; elytris 3-costatis, costis haud interruptis. Long., 1;—141.; lat., 2—2 1. S. Australia ; widely distributed, and not rare. The following is a tabulation of the described species of Sparactus :— A. Elytra with all their cost entire ... costatus, Blackb. AA. The inner two cost interrupted. B. The subapical angles of the head rounded... aad mee ... proximus, Blackb. BB. The subapical angles of the head well defined ... interruptus, Er. AAA. All the cost broken up intotubercles. B. Prothorax simply sinuate in lateral outline sot ... elongatus, Blackb. BB. Lateral margin of prothorax cut into large and _ con- spicuous processes ... ... pustulosus, Blackb. BOTHRIDERES. B. Vietoriensis, sp. nov. Nitidus ; prothorace fortiter punctulato, disco late depresso, medio vix elevato ; niger; antennis pedi- busque piceo-rufis, elytris fulvo-castaneis ; his striatis, inter- stitiis subconvexis obscure punctulatis inter se equalibus. Long., 21.; lat. 21. Very like the common #&. vittatus, Newm. Compared with it, the head does not differ noticeably—the prothorax is a little more elongate (being quite as long as wide) with the discal impression less marked—the elytra have not the sutural dark stripe, and their interstices are very different (the second being as wide as the first and third, and all of them being slightly convex). I do not think this species can be identical with . musivus, Pasc., which, however, it, perhaps, somewhat approaches; its colour seems to be very different, and also I cannot find any elytral sculpture agreeing with that attributed to 4. musivus, which is said to have “three lateral alternate interstices costeform.” Victoria ; Alpine district. 118 . B. merus, Pase. This species is not very intelligibly described. In the author’s tabulation of the genus it is placed as “ sub- opaque,” but in the description it is called “subnitid.” It is further distinguished from 5. musivws by several characters, and it is added, ‘in both the elytra are less deeply striated,” suggest- ing the enquiry, “less deeply than what?” Perhaps words may have been omitted by a printer’s error. I have before me a species which occurs not uncommonly under bark of Eucalyptus in the Alpine district of Victoria, which, I think, is probably 4. merws ; it is a trifle less nitid than is usual in the genus, and seems to agree with Mr. Pascoe’s description, such as it is. The longitudinal convexity down the centre of the depressed space on the prothorax is, however, a little better de- fined than the description would lead one to expect. It is re- markable for its very small narrow head, a character not referred to by the author of B. merus. It has the third elytral interstice much narrower than either the second or fourth, a character which at once distinguishes it from 5. Victoriensis. Of the other species having prothoracic sculpture of similar character, masivus, Pasc., seems to be larger, and to have “three lateral alternate interstices costeform” (sic); costatus, Blackb., has elytra very differently sculptured ; vittatws, Newm., has a much wider head, different colours, Kc. CUCUJID. SILVANUS. S. armatulus, sp. nov. Minus elongatus ; sat convexus ; pubes- cens ; ferrugineus; prothorace quam longiori vix latiori, crebre subtiliter rugulose punctulato, supra eequali, lateribus fortiter 6-dentatis ; elytris punctulato-striatis. _Long., 11. ; lat., 58, 1. Not unlike S. advena, Kunz, in outline and convexity, but with the prothorax more elongate, narrower (especially behind), and armed at the sides with six strong teeth. Victoria ; Alpine district. S. monticola, sp. nov. Sat elongatus ; sat convexus ; pubescens ; ferrugineus ; capite prothoraceque obscuris ; hoc quam longiori haud latiori, confertim subtiliter vix rugulose punctulato, supra equali, lateribus subrectis subtiliter sat crebre den- ticulatis, ad angulos anticos dente majori instructis ; elytris punctulato-striatis. Long., 11.; lat., #3, 1. (vix). Very like the preceding species, but narrower and more el0!- gate, with the sides of the prothorax very differently sculptured. Victoria ; under bark of Hucalyptus in the Alpine district. hh? CRY PTOPHAGIDi:. CRYPTOPHAGUS. C. Lindensis, sp. nov. Oblongo-ovalis ; sat convexus ; ferrugi- neus ; pube fulva minus brevi vestitus ; prothorace trans- verso, confertim sat fortiter rugulose fere confluenter punc- tulato, supra equali (nihilominus trans basin depresso), lateribus ante medium leviter rotundato-dilatato ; anten- narum clava 3-articulata, articulis minus fortiter transversis. Long., 11. (vix); lat., #31. This little species seems to bea true Cryptophaqus, and I cannot identify it with any described species, though it is, I think, rather close to C. pubescens, Sturm., but inter alia it has no trace what- ever of the angular dilatation which that species presents in the middle of the lateral margin of its prothorax. Compared with C. affinis, Sturm. (the only species of the genus previously recorded as found in Australia), the present insect is considerably smaller and narrower ; its puncturation is markedly closer on the prothorax, and a little less close on the elytra; the sides of its prothorax are straight and parallel from the base to beyond the middle, their front part having the lateral strongly margined dilatation so characteristic of Cryptophagus, but this is not quite so strong as in C. affinis ; the antenne are not quite so stout as in C. affinis, and their club is different, its joints being about equal in width, the first and third only slightly transverse, the second shorter than the other two, and moderately strongly trensverse, but much less strongly so than either the first or second in C. affinis. S. Australia ; Port Lincoln district, under bark of Caswarina. ATOMARIA. Although I cannot find that any Australian species of this genus have been described, the genus is well represented in Aus- tralia. The following are among the species in my collection :— A. australis, sp. nov. Ovalis; convexa ; pubescens ; sat fortiter sat crebre eequaliter punctulata ; subtus nigra, supra ferru- ginea ; elytris pone medium nigro-fasciatis, antennis pedibus que rufescentibus ; prothorace transverso subquadrato, basi haud marginato, ante basin utrinque fovea profunda rotun- data impresso ; antennis basi sat distantibus. Long., 11. ; lat., 21. South Australia ; widely distributed. A. Lindensis, sp. nov. Oblonga ; sat convexa ; pubescens ; rufo- ferruginea, capite prothoraceque piceis ; minus fortiter punc- tulata ; prothorace elytris sat angustiori, subquadrato, basi haud marginato, ante basin utrinque fovea obsoleta rotundata 120 impresso, minus crebre punctulato ; elytris sat crebre pane tulatis ; antennis basi sat distantibus. Long,, 11.; lat. 1. Var. capite prothoraceque ferrugineis. This species is very like the European dA. badia, Er., from which it differs in its antenne less approximate at their base, the prothorax not so much narrower than the base of the elytra, and the puncturation of the elytra considerably closer and finer. South Australia; Port Lincoln district ; among fallen leaves. 310 LATHRIDIID. CORTICARIA. C’. australis, sp. nov. Oblonga; convexa; sat nitida ; sat dense (in elytris: lineatim) pubescens; fusco-brunnea ; antennis (clava excepta) pedibusque dilutioribus; capite prothorace parum angustiori; oculis magnis prominulis; prothorace leviter transverso, crebre sat fortiter (zeeque ut caput) punc- tulato, ante basin sat profunde arcuatim impresso, impres- sione in medio leviter foveata, angulis posticis rotundato- obtusis ; elytris quam prothorax vix fere duplo latioribus, vix striatis, puncturarum sat magnarum seriebus crebris instr mCUs, his apicem versus vix obsoletioribus. Long., #1 ; lat., 538, 1. Very like the European C. gibbosa, Herbst., differing chiefly by the presence of a well-defined round fovea in the middle of the transverse sulcus on the prothorax, and by the closer rows of punctures on the elytra, which are not placed in distinct stria, and between which the interstices are perfectly flat throughout. S. Australia and Victoria. C. Adelaide, sp. nov. Oblongo-elongata ; sat nitida; sat dense (in elytris lineatim) pubescens; testaceo-brunnea ; anten- narum clava picea ; capite prothorace sat angustiori ; oculis sat magnis sat prominulis ; prothorace sat fortiter trans- verso, crebre subtilius punctulato, ante basin fovea rotunda instructo, angulis posticis bene determinatis, elytris quam prothorax sat latioribus, subtiliter striatis, striis crebre sub- tiliter punctulatis, sculptura apicem versus vix obsoletior1. Long-741..; lJat., 1. Resembles the European C. elongata, Gyll., differing chiefly in the piceous club of its antenne, its more strongly punctulate pro- thorax, the perfectly flat interstices of its elytra, and its some- what less parallel form. S. Australia ; widely distributed. C. Lindensis, sp. nov. Breviter ovalis; sat nitida ; sat dense (in elytris lineatim) pubescens ; rufo-testacea ; antennis apicem versus obscurioribus; capite quam prothorax parum angus- p21) tiori ; oculis sat magnis sat prominulis; prothorace fortiter transverso, crebre fortius subrugulose punctulato, ante basin sat profunde arcuatim impresso, impressione in medio foveata, angulis posticis obtusis; elytris prothorace fere duplo latioribus, striatis, striis puncturis sat magnis instruc- tis, apicem versus vix obsoletis. Long., {4 1. ; lat., <3 1 This species is of the short broad form of C. curta, Woll., which it resembles also in respect of sculpture, differing, however, in the strongly marked transverse furrow of its prothorax ; its sculpture is much stronger and coarser than those of the two spe- cies described above. S. Australia; Port Lincoln district. C. Andersoni, sp. nov. Oblongo-elongata ; sat nitida; sat dense (in elytris lineatim) pubescens; supra testaceo-brunnea, subtus piceo ferruginea ; capite prothorace parum angustiori, oculis sat magnis sat prominulis; prothorace leviter trans- verso, minus crebre profunde nec subtiliter punctulato, ante basin transversim arcuatim sulcato, angulis posticis rotunda- tis ; elytris prothorace duplo latioribus, subtilissime striatis, striis subtiliter punctulatis, sculptura apicem versus vix obsoletiori ; antennis pedibusque testaceis, illarum clava vix mnisearay ) lone, Sxl: lates ll vise), This minute Corticaria difters from all the preceding in having a very strongly marked transverse sulcus on the hind part of the prothorax, without any round fovea. The puncturation of the prothorax is also distinctive—rather coarse, but not deep, nor very close. S. Australia; Port Lincoln district. Named after my friend, Mr. J. Anderson, of Port Lincoln. C. alutacea, sp. nov. Nigro-picea, antennarum basi pedibusque paullo dilutioribus ; lineari-elongata; subdepressa; fere glabra ; alutacea; capite prothoraceque parce punctulatis, hoc basin versus angustato, ante basin fovea magna pro- funda impresso, angulis posticis obtusis bene determinatis, lateribus minute nec crebre denticulatis; elytris pygidio haud plane tegentibus, subtilissime seriatim punctulatis, antennarum clave articulis brevibus. Long., } 1.; lat., $1. (Vix). This species must be extremely close to C. swhtilissima, Reitt., but appears to differ from it in having the hind angles of the prothorax very well defined, and the joints of the antennal club different, the basal two being quite strongly transverse, and the apical one elongate-globose—all three of equal width inter se. The fine denticulation of the sides of the prothorax is scarcely noticeable without the use of a compound microscope. S. Australia ; in several localities. 122° MYCETOPHAGID. TRIPHYLLUS. T. intricatus, sp. nov. Subovalis, postice angustatus ; pubescens ; rufo-ferrugineus ; elytris 3-fasciatim nigro-notatis ; pro- thorace fortiter transverso, antrorsum fortiter angustato, confuse dupliciter punctulato, postice utrinque impresso, angulis posticis sat acutis ; elytris leviter striatis, striis sat fortiter punctulatis, interstitiis vix convexis leviter nec crebre nec subtiliter punctulatis. Long., 121.; lat., # 1. (vix). The dark markings on the elytra are intricate and a little variable. They consist of three zig-zag fascie, which do not usually reach the lateral margins (the intermediate fascia does so in some examples), the hinder two, or even all three, being in- distinctly connected with each other at their lateral extremities in some examples. One of these fascie is basal, and is often reduced to a mere blotch on each side the scutellum ; the next is median ; the last is ante-apical, but in many specimens is dilated hindward so as nearly to reach the apex itself. Victoria ; a few specimens occurred in fungi on a mountain called Baldi, at an elevation of about 6,000 feet. MYCETHEA. M. pilosella, sp. nov. Breviter ovalis; subnitida; pilis erectis sat sparsim vestita ; ferruginea ; prothorace crebre rugulose minus subtiliter punctulato, intra marginem lateralem vix manifeste costato; elytris minus crebre minus fortiter punctulatis ; antennis sat elongatis ; metasterno minus brevi. ong, ls tater |. This minute species is extremely like the European MW. hirta, Marsh., superficially. It is a little more elongate and (perhaps consequently) its metasternum is not quite so short; its antennee are a little longer; the lateral coste of the prothorax are almost obsolete ; the hind coxe are not quite so widely separated ; the puncturation of its prothorax is closer, and that of its elytra is both finer and closer. Ata casual glance, it might pass for a small form of J/. hirta. S. Australia ; in fungi near Port Lincoln. DIPLOCGELUS. D. angustulus, sp. nov. Angustus; parallelus; ferrugineus ; pilis erectis vestitus; prothorace transverso, retrorsum leviter angustato, sparsim sat fortiter punctulato, utrinque intra marginem leviter bicostato ; elytris punctulato-striatis, puncturis subquadratis sat grossis; abdominis segmento basali in medio oblique bistriato ; antennarum clave articulo 1° quam 2" multo angustiori. lLong., 1 1.; lat., 58 1. (vix). 123 The elongate parallel form of this little species gives it an ap- pearance very different from that of the European D. fagi, Guér., but I cannot find any structural characters to prevent its being placed in the same genus ; at any rate, the identity of tarsal and antennal characters, the lateral sculpture of the prothorax, and the oblique strive of the basal ventral segment diverging hind- ward from the middle of the front margin are points of resem- blance that indicate at least very close affinity between the two insects. The two previously described Australian Diplocel (ovatus, Macl., and piliger, Reitter), seem to be similar in form to the European species. Herr Reitter says that he has not seen a description of Sir W. Macleay’s species, but judges it dis- tinct from his because the name ovatus would be unsuitable to the latter. On comparing the descriptions, I should deem it possible that they are identical. In both descriptions the elytra are said to be “strongly punctulate striate,” and this character (apart from the shape of the body) will furnish a further distinc- tion from the present insect, in which the elytra are very feebly striate, although the punctures in the striz are fairly large and strong. S. Australia ; under bark of Hucalyptus in various localities. D. exiguus, sp. nov. Minus angustus ; minus parallelus ; pubes- cens; ferrugineus ; prothorace postice vix angustato, sparsim sat fortiter punctulato, utrinque intra marginem sat fortiter bicostato ; elytris vix striatis, striis puncturis sat magnis | subquadratis instructis, his apicem versus obsoletescentibus ; abdominis segmento basali in medio oblique bistriato ; anten- narum clave articulo 1° quam 2"* paullo angustiori. Long., 11.; lat., 21. (vix). This species is not at all unlike D. fagi, Guér., in miniature 5 it differs from the preceding (D. angustulus) in its wider and less parallel form, and especially in the ninth antennal joint being (as in D. fagi) only moderately narrower than the tenth. D. piliger, Reitt, (? ovatus, Macl.)—the other described Australian species— is said to have the prothorax closely punctured, the elytra difter- ently coloured, ec. South Australia; near Port Lincoln. DERMESTID. TROGODERMA. Two Australian species have been described as members of this genus—7. riguum, Er. (from Tasmania), and 7. apicipenne, Reitter (from ‘“‘ Australia”). The former I am fairly sure that I have not seen, the latter I think I have taken on several occa- sions. As, however, I ama little doubtful about my identification being correct, it will be wiser not to refer further to Herr Reit- 124 ter’s species beyond saying that the insect which I take to be it is very distinct from all the following, which appear to be new :— T. Eyrense, sp. nov. Ovale (feminis subparallelis); obscure nigro- et fulvo-hirtum ; nigrum, antennarum articulis 2-6 tibiis tarsis et elytrorum lateribus apiceque plus minus rufes- centibus ; obscure sat crebre punctulatum; sulcis anten- narlis profundis bene determinatis, triangularibus, postice clausis. Mas.