Rhos MS RS SS . P RRR NK HARVARD UNIVERSITY. LIBRARY OF THE MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY. ask. ( ( See \5, Qos Sioa \Yot. TRANSACTIONS AND PROCEEDINGS Roe f Ui - OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY of SOUTH AUSTRALIA ({NCORPORATED). —— —- --—<>------ —— WW Oa. : soe VV EE [Wit "Two PLATES. | EDITED BY WALTER HOWCHIN, E.GS. J Anelaide : W. C. RIGBY, 74, KING WILLIAM STREET. DECEMBER, 1903. Parcels for transmission to the Royal Society of South Aus- tralia, from Europe and America, should be addressed ‘per W. C. Rigby, care Messrs Thos. Meadows & Co., 34, Milk Street, Cheapside, London.”’ Roval Society of South Australia, INCORPORATED. Patron : HIS EXCELLENCY LORD TENNYSON {GOVERNOR-GENERAL OF THE COMMONWEALTH OF AUSTRALIA). ae ea OFFICERS for 1903-4. President : JOSEPH C. VERCO M.D., F.B.C.S. Vice- Presidents : PROF. E. H. RENNIE, M.A., D.Sc. REV. THOMAS BLACKBURN, B.A. Hon. Creasurer : WALTER ROUTT, C.E. Son. Secretary and Sealbolder : G. G. MAYO, C.E. Members of Council : SAMUEL DIXON W. H. SELWAY PROF. E. C. STIRLING, M.A., M,.D., F.R.S., C.M.G. W. L. CLELAND, M.B. W. HOWCHIN, F.G.S. (Editor and Representative Governor) E. ASHBY Auditor : J. ©. LLOYD: SON rE NFS. ParT I. (Issued July, 1903). PAGE, TuRNER, Dr. A. JEFFERIS: New Australian Lepidoptera, with Synonomic and other Notes ee ae ae a ser LOWER, OswWALD B.: Descriptions of New Australian Noctuina, &c.... HowcHIN, WALTER: Further Notes on the Geology of Kangaroo Island ae ae aes sai 206 alse ae BLACKBURN, Rev. T.: Further Notes on Australian Coleoptera, with Descriptions of New Genera and Species (xxxii.) Hae PART II. (Issued December, 1903.) Lower, O. B.: Descriptions of New Genera and See: of Australian Lepidoptera ae HiaceIn, A. J.: An Analysis of the Ash of Acacia salicina RENNIE, Pror., and A. J. HIGGIN: Notes on euEEO Volcanic Dust from the Northern Territory oie ee Woo.nouGu, W. G.: Microscopical Examination of seed Volcanic Dust from the Northern Territory va te we DENNANT, J.: Descriptions of New Species of Corals from the Aus- tralian Tertiaries. Plates I. andII. ... Pe sis Lower, O. B.: Descriptions of New Species of Xysmatodoma, &c. MAIDEN, J. H.: On Eucalyptus odorata Jouncock, C. F.: Notes on Loranthus exocarpi GARTRELL, H. W.: The Port Victor Granite BLAcKBURN, REv. T.: Further Notes on Australian Coleoptera with Descriptions of New Genera and Species (XXXITI.) ABSTRACT OF PROCEEDINGS ave ANNUAL REPORT BALANCE SHEET is ae ses PRESIDENT’S ADDRESS ... DONATIONS TO THE LIBRARY =... List OF FELLows, &c. .. PROCEEDINGS, ANNUAL REPORT, AND BALANCE SHEET OF THE FIELD NATURALISTS’ SECTION REPORT OF THE NATIVE FAUNA AND FLORA PROTECTION COMMITTEE REPORT OF THE MALACOLOGICAL SECTION are i RULES AND By-LAWS OF THE SOCIETY ... 75 gi 183 202 347 Cr. ee 7 a P f a, . Ved le . = wag As a! - , : j a ee = oe ae: (cor iu hamelid 2A y 3, ’ | MLOA'S ; : bats acsiduedvingen ® tata ao) os AG oa i aa . eine (vir haa 7: BY AAT nilarind A Fe We eatin iro] 2 if ennai ‘e ‘ i, Pe, iabiiy five aon?d j Aye : “ be ‘ - é f i es =. s * oie Se a dt é ’ Vi {i¢ : Ts i] ; ' s | “a 4 i ) Vi le 7 } 3 vA eo. J 3 2 ; aotl . oie bus: .. ’ ; q FAP eR | tn; @ a 4aTay ' , Sy ats { ad lig a= i FAS ’ nee’? ae P ah F fi. - “94 é ¢ x 57 f ‘ na be * Al } } yal 4dr i ri t t ul | ‘ ee } uel) - arr o- Ral met 3 - iret Se 5 sw {7 . * oh Beit ae ain i >: | a BieAtHy ii} iL #i P| 7 {*] eth Y V8H CALERA) 20802 brn eto weitte eae TEEe at & | . j A Mey Ee aay . (Asad any one : .. of 2c - mx z > om 7 Giatld ANT 410 V4SNs Sek vw nOUa ST 4 OE » MOLT a te Wee is . A 1, ne BAe MMTTIMENK) ROT a T AMOS ECA ADA EATITARS 7 . dst : ¥orrone JADIDOTODAIAM any i. . re MIAO SAY 80 SAE . ° 7 Qaec- 5, es. ogy TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY of SOUTH AUSTRALIA, VOL. XXVII., Part I. EDITED BY WALTER HOWCHIN, F.GS. ISSUED JULY, 1903. Avelawe : W. C. RIGBY, 74, KING WILLIAM STREET. Parcels for transmission to the Royal Society of South Australia, from Europe and America, should be addressed «per W. C. Rigby, care Messrs. Thos. Meadows & Co., 34, Milk Street, Cheapside, London.” NEw AUSTRALIAN LEPIDOPTERA, WITH SYNONOMIC AND OTHER NOTES. By A. Jerreris Turner, M.D., F.E.S. [Read May 5, 1903 ] Fam. NOCTUIDA, Sub-fam., AGARISTINA, Though a very natural group, this cannot, I believe, be separated from the Noctwide by any single structural character, and it is therefore, I consider, best treated as a sub-family. Sir Geo. Hampson restricts the Agaristide to those genera having antenne more or less dilated before apex, but I do not think this is a natura! line of division. CRURIA SYNOPLA, 7”. sp. (Sunoplos, allied). Male and female, 46-54 mm. Differs from Cruria donovani, Bdv., as follows :—Wings with markings of a deeper shade of ochreous ; spots on forewings smaller, basal and subapical spots nearly obsolete ; spots beneath end of cell, and to a less extent than in cell, obscured by dark-fuscous:irroration ; basal subcostal streak reduced toa thin row of scales; a well-marked narrow streak from base of dorsum parallel to basal half of lower edge of cell; cilia with white bars less marked and obsolete in apical half of termen of forewing. A fine ochreous line across thorax connects the dorsal streaks of the forewings. This species has been confused with C. donovani, and I can understand naturalists who are not acquainted with both forms in their natural state doubting their distinctness. Both forms are constant in their markings, and the median basal streak of forewings of the present species distinguishes it at once. Bois- duval’s description of C. donovani would apply to either species, but Herrich-Schaeffer’s accurate figure is certainly donovani, as is also Butler’s figure (I'l. Het., B.M., [, Pl. iv., f 7), but Hampson’s woodcut of donovani (Cat. Lep. Phal., IIT, p. 546) is taken from an example of synopla. Both species occur on the coast of Southern Queensland, synopla being especially abundant. Donovani is abundant on the Darling Downs, but I have not observed the former there. 2 Mr. Illidge informs me that the larve of synopla feed on Colocasia. Type in coll. Turner. Queensland, Nambour, Brisbane, Mt. Tambourine. N.S. Wales, Ballina (Richmond River); from November to March. Gen. IDALIMA, nov. (EHidalimos, comely.) Head with an anterior rounded protuberance. Palpi moderate, obliquely ascending; second joint densely hairy beneath ; terminal joint short, naked, obtuse. Antenne in male simple, shortly and evenly ciliated. Thorax and abdomen not crested. Middle and posterior tibiz not hairy on upper surface. Fore- wings with vein 2 from posterior fifth of cell; 7, 8, 9 stalked, 10 from areole. Hindwings with 3 and 4 closely approximated at base, 5 from middle of cell, 6 and 7 connate. Distinguished from Apina, Wlk., by the rounded frontal pro- tuberance, the simple non-serrated male antenne, and the smooth mid and posterior tibie. Type Agarista affinis, Bdv. I also refer maculosa, Roths., to_ this genus. Gen. CoENOTOCA, nov. ( Koinotokos, of common descent.) Head with a strong conical obtusely-pointed frontal process. Palpi moderate, porrect or slightly ascending; second joint clothed with dense hairs beneath ; terminal joint short, naked, obtuse. Antenne in male serrate, shortly and evenly ciliated. Thorax clothed with very long hairs above. Abdomen with dorsal crests on proximal segments, that on first segment rather large. Mid and posterior tibie hairy on upper surface. Fore- wings with vein 2 from terminal fifth of cell, 7, 8, 9 stalked, 10 from areole. Hindwings with 3 and 4 closely approximated at base, 5 from middle of cell, 6 and 7 connate. Differs from the preceding in the differently-shaped frontal process, serrated antenne of the male, and in the presence of abdominal crests. CoENOTCCA MONOPHYES, 2. sp. (Monophues, simple.) Male, 30-32 mm. Head blackish, lower edge of face and a pair of spots behind antenne whitish. Palpi blackish, second joint beneath whitish at base and apex. Antenne blackish. Thorax dark-fuscous. Abdomen dark-fuscous ; apices of segments bright-ochreous, more broadly so on sides, white beneath. Legs dark-fuscous, annulated with white. Forewings triangular, costa nearly straight, apex round-pointed, termen rounded, moderately 3 oblique ; dark-fuscous ; a conspicuous white fascia from three- fifths costa to tornus, slightly dilated in disc, and contracted at tornus ; cilia dark-fuscous. Hindwings with termen rounded ; blackish ; cilia blackish. Under surface like upper surface, but forewings with white spots at base and end of cell, and hind- wings with a discal and tornal white spot, and some white irrora- tion near base. Type in coll. Turner. N.S. Wales, Ballina (Richmond River); two specimens received from Mr. G. A. Waterhouse. Sub-fam. CARADRININ2E. Section AGROTINAE. CANTHYLIDIA EODORA. Heliothis eodora, Meyr., Tr. E.8 , 1902, p. 26. Canthylidia tenuistria, Turn, P.L.8., N.S.W., 1902, p. 79. Queensland, Brisbane. N.S. Wales, Sydney (?). HELIOTHIS PUNCTIFERA. Heliothis punctifera, W\k., Brit. Mus. Cat., XI., p. 691. Heliothis leucatma, Meyr., Tr. E.8., 1897, p. 368. North Queensland, Ravenswood. Queensland, Brisbane, Dalby. Victoria, Melbourne. N.S. Wales, Broken Hill. BUCIARA BIPARTITA. Buciara bipartita, Wik., Char. Undess. Lep., p, 36 (teste Hampson). Actinotia acmophora, Meyr., Tr. E.S., 1897, p. 370. Victoria, Melbourne. Section MAMESTRINZ. MAMESTRA XANTHOCOSMA, 7. Sp. (Xanthocosmos, ornamented with yellow.) Male, 27 mm. Head, thorax, palpi, and antenne brownish- fuscous. Abdomen grey-whitish. Legs brownish-fuscous. Fore- wings elongate-triangular ; brownish-fuscous ; basal, antemedian, and postmedian transverse lines paler, partly outlined with dark- fuscous ; a broad median ochreous-yellow streak between basal and antemedian lines, followed by a small dark-fuscous suftusion ; a dark-fuscous suffusion on dorsum beneath streak ; orbicular obsolete ; reniform ochreous-yellow in upper two-thirds, slenderly outlined with dark-fuscous ; a broad ochreous-yellow streak above dorsum from postmedian line halfway to termen; an obscure dentate pale subterminal line; cilia brownish-fuscous. Hindwings 4 with termen sinuate beneath apex ; whitish, towards costa, apex, and termen suffused with grey; cilia grey, with a whitish basal line, on tornus and inner margin whitish. Type in coll. Agricultural Department, Queensland. Queensland (?); one specimen without locality. LEUCANIA ACONTOSEMA, 7. sp. (Akontosemos, marked with a dart—in allusion to the basal streak. ) Male, 40mm. Head, thorax, palpi, and antenne grey-whitish. Abdomen whitish. Legs pale-grey, mixed with whitish. Fore- wings elongate-triangular, grey-whitish, a blackish median streak from base to one-fourth, a blackish dot on costa at one-eighth, a second at one-fourth, and a third at five-eighths ; antemedian line dark-fuscous, dentate, partly obscured, from second costal dot to dorsum at one-third ; orbicular and reniform pale, surrounded by a fuscous suffusion ; postmedian line dark-fuscous, interrupted, from third costal dot, at first strongly outwardly-curved, then slightly inwardly curved to dorsum at two-thirds ; an interrupted dark-fuscous terminal line, forming a series of wedge-shaped dots ; cilia whitish, with a broad median fuscous line. Hindwings with termen sinuate beneath apex ; whitish, towards termen suffused, with grey ; cilia white. Type in Queensland Museum. Queensland, Rockhampton ; one specimen. Section CARADRININA. CARADRINA RECLUSA. Prodenia reclusa, Wlk., J. Linn. 8., VI, p. 185 (1862). Caradrina heliarcha, Meyr., Tr. E.S., 1897, p. 370. North Queensland, Townsville. Queensland, Brisbane. CARADRINA ACALLIS, 2. sp. (Akallis, without beauty.) Male and female, 27 mm. Head, thorax, and palpi ochreous- whitish, irrorated with fuscous. Antenne fuscous. Abdomen pale-grey. Legs grey. Forewings elongate-triangular ; whitish, suffused with fuscous—the suffusion is darker in median part of disc from base to termen; basal and antemedian lines ohsolete;. orbicular and reniform represented by well-marked blackish spots, with an intervening pale spot; postmedian line slender, dark- fuscous from two-thirds costa to two-thirds dorsum, slightly waved ; a blackish median longitudinal streak beyond this ; cilia pale-fuscous. Hindwings with termen rounded, whitish ; cilia whitish. 5 Type female in coll. Turner. There is a male in the Queensland Museum. Queensland, Brisbane, in April; two specimens. CARADRINA POLIOCROSSA, 7. sp. (Polios, grey ; krossos, a border—grey-margined). Male, 28 mm. Head brownish. Palpi whitish; external surface, except towards apex, dark-fuscous. Antenne fuscous. Thorax grey, slightly purplish-tinged; collar dark-fuscous. Abdomen grey. Forewings elongate-triangular; purplish-grey, partly suffused with chestnut-brown ; the brown suffusion is best marked in posterior part of disc, where it is sharply defined in a slightly wavy line from shortly before apex to shortly before tornus, leaving a grey terminal band; antemedian and postmedian lines double, fuscous, dentate towards dorsum; orbicular and reniform faintly indicated, the latter containing a few white scales; a fine interrupted dark-fuscous terminal line; cilia brownish-fuscous, with an interrupted grey-whitish median line. Hindwings with termen slightly sinuate; grey; cilia whitish, mixed with grey. Type in the Queensland Museum. West Australia, Albany ; one specimen. DIPHTHERA BERYLLODES, 7. sp. (Berullodes, like a green jewel.) Male, 38 mm. Head bluish-green. Palpi ochreous-whitish ‘ external surface mixed with dark-fuscous. Antenne fuscous. Thorax bluish-green ; anterior surface of anterior crest brownish- fuscous ; a few dark-fuscous scales in posterior crests and apices of patagiez. Abdomen whitish-ochreous, segments slenderly out- lined with fuscous; first dorsal crest bluish-green, the others dark-fuscous. Legs dark-fuscous, annulated with ochreous- whitish ; upper half of external surface of anterior and middle tibize bluish-green. Forewings triangular, clear bluish-green, a dark-fuscous median dot near base, connected with a second dot, which hes between it and a semilunar spot on costa at one-sixth —the last is preceded and followed by a minute costal dot, and the disc between spots is suffused with white ; orbicular repre- sented by a white spot, and reniform by a white spot with black centre ; a black spot on mid-costa, from which a suffused blackish line proceeds to mid-dorsum ; an irregular fuscous subterminal fascia, constricted in middle, edged anteriorly first with black, then with white—this fascia gives off above middle a projection to termen ; a series of blackish terminal dots ; cilia bluish-green, barred with dark-fuscous. Hindwings with termen rounded ; 6 whitish ochreous ; a Jarge median spot and a broad terminal band dark-fuscous ; cilia as forewings. Type in coll. Relton. Queensland, Dulong (Blackall Range) ; one specimen taken by Mr, R. H. Relton. MoLVENA GUTTALIS. Molvena guttalis, Wik., Brit. Mus. Cat., XX XIV., p. 1,267. Beyophila militata, Luc., P.R.S.Q., 1898, p. 71. North Queensland, Townsville. Queensland, Brisbane, Kil- larney. Sub-fam. PLUSIAN. Section SARROTHRIPINA. xen. AMALOPTILA, nov. (Amaloptilos, with feeble wings.) Head with appressed scales, a triangular tuft of anteriorly projecting scales on face. Tongue well developed. Palpi stout, loosely scaled, obliquely ascending, not reaching above middle of face ; second joint rather long, terminal joint short, stout, trun- cate. Antenne in male somewhat serrate, with short ciliations(1). Thorax and abdomen not crested. Forewings elongate, obovate ; retinaculum of male bar-shaped ; vein 2 from two-thirds, 3 from angle, 4 and 5 approximated at base from well above angle, 6 from near upper angle, 7, 8, 9 stalked, 10 free, 11 free, no areole. Hindwings with 3 and 4 stalked, 5 closely approximated at origin to 3+4, 6 and 7 separate, 8 anastomosing with cell to middle. AMALOPTILA TRIORBIS, 7%. Sp. (Triorbis, bearing three circles.) Male, 34 mm. Head, thorax, palpi, and antenne whitish-grey, with a few fuscous scales. Abdomen whitish. Legs, anterior pair whitish-grey, mixed with fuscous—middle and posterior pairs broken. Forewings elongate, obovate, costa strongly arched, apex rounded, termen obliquely rounded; whitish-grey, with scattered fuscous scales and markings ; a short longitudinal streak from base beneath costa ; a line from one-sixth costa obliquely outwards to fold, thence inwardly curved tc one-sixth dorsum ; orbicular and reniform finely outlined; a third circle in disc beneath and midway hetween these; a postmedian line from costa at two-thirds, with an obtuse posterior projection in disc, thence inwardly oblique to dorsum at three-fifths ; a rather suf- fused subterminal line, indented above and below middle ; suffused longitudinal terminal streaks between veins; cilia whitish-grey. Hindwings with termen slightly sinuate beneath 7 apex, white, a grey terminal suffusion from apex not reaching tornus ; cilia grey, towards tornus and on inner margin white. Type in coll. Lvell. ; N.S. Wales, Newcastle ; one specimen. SARROTHRIPA POLYCYMA. (Polukumos, with many waves.) Sarrothripa polycyma, Turn,, Tr. R.S., 8S A., 1899, p. 17. Sarrothripus crystallites, Meyr., Tr. E.S., 1902, p. 48. Type in coll. Turner. Queensland, Brisbane. HYPOTHRIPA POLIA. Hypothripa polia, Hmps., J, Bombay N.H.S., XI, p. 452 (1897). Hypothripa vallata, Meyr., Tr. E.S., 1902, p. 47. North Queensland, Townsville. Queensland, Brisbane. Section ACONTIANA. CYMATOPHOROPSIS CATAGRAPHA, 7. sp. (Katagraphos, embroidered). - Male, 30 mm. Head and thorax fuscous-brown; face brownish- ochreous. Palpi fuscous-brown, inferiorly brownish-ochreous. Antenne fuscous, in male shortly ciliated (one-half). Abdomen whitish, crests brownish-fuscous, terminal segment fuscous. Legs whitish, anterior pair and tarsi mixed with fuseous. Forewings elongate-triangular, costa slightly arched, apex round-pointed, termen obliquely rounded; retinaculum in male bar-shaped ; fuscous-brown, partly mixed with dark-fuscous; markings ochreous-whitish ; a broad basal streak, dilated at base, along fold to one-third, giving off two fine oblique streaks beneath, parallel to veins; a minute tuft of black scales rests on upper margin of this streak at one-sixth; a large oval apical blotch from three-fifths cesta to apex, containing some brownish scales ; a small triangular basal spot with brownish centre on dorsum before tornus ; a series of minute ochreous-whitish terminal dots, prolonged in cilia, that above tornus is larger; cilia brownish. Hindwings with termen faintly waved, white, a large apical- fuscous suffusion ; cilia whitish. Referred to this genus prvuvisionally and with some doubt. Type in coll, Agricultural Department, Queensland. North Suse lnad. Cairns ; one specimen. CAREA PLAGIOSCIA, 7. sp. (Plagioskios, obliquely shaded.) Male, 40 mm. Head, thorax, and palpi dark-chestnut-brown. Antennz fuscous, in male very shortly ciliated (one-quarter). 8 Abdomen fuscous. Legs pale-brownish, anterior pair fuscous ; mid and hind femora and tibize densely clothed with long hairs ; postenor tibie in male without spurs, but with a tuft of long hairs from extremity closely approximated to the very long and much dilated first joint of tarsus. Forewings sub-oblong, costa twice sinuate, apex acute, slightly produced, termen obtusely angled on vein 4; brownish, slightly purplish tinged ; base of dorsum suffused with chestnut-brown ; a straight oblique shade of dark-fuscous «nd brown scales from mid-costa to tornus ; cilia brown. Hindwings with termen rounded, indented above tornus ; dark-fuscous ; cilia brownish, towards tornus fuscous. Underside of wings reddish brown, forewings suffused with fuscous, except towards costa and apex. Type in Queensland Museum. North Queensland, Geraldton (Johnstone River); one specimen. Section HoMoPreRIN&. THYAS AMIDETA, %. sp. (Ameidetos, gloomy.) Female, 68 mm. Head, thorax, palpi, and antenne greys Abdomen ochreous ; basal segment grey. Legs grey. Forewings triangular, costa nearly straight, apex acute, termen straight, rounded beneavh, slightly oblique; grey, with sparsely scattered dark-fuscous scales; markings dark-fuscous; a fine indistinct line from near base of costa to fold ; a straight outwardly oblique antemedian line from one-fourth costa to one-third dorsum ; a straight inwardly oblique postmedian line from three-fourths costa to twothirds dorsum ; orbicular obsolete ; reniform repre- sented by a cluster of dark-fuscous dots ; an obscure subterminal series of minute dots; cilia grey. Hindwings with termen rounded ; fuscous, a suffused paler shade from tornus towards mid-costa, a narrow grey terminal suffusion not reaching to apex or tornus; cilia grey. Allied to Ophiusa coronata, Fab., but hindwings without yellow. Type in coll. Agricultural Department, Queensland. North Queensland, Cairns; one specimen. THyYAS REDUNCA. Ophiusa redunca, Swin., Cat. Oxf. Mus., IT., p. 141 (1900). Thyas aellora, Meyr., Tr. E.8., 1902, p. 29. Ophiusa trophidota, Turn., P.LS., N.S.W., 1902, p. 95. Queensland, Brisbane. 9 THYAS HICANORA, 2. sp. { Hikanoros, becoming, seemingly.) Male, 44 mm. Head, thorax, and palpi fuscous, tinged with ochreous. Antenne grey. Abdomen dark-grey. Legs dark- grey. Forewings triangular, costa straight, slightly arched towards apex, apex round-pointed, termen rounded, slightly oblique, crenulate; fuscous, tinged with ochreous; a faint, ‘fuscous, slightly sinuate antemedian line from one-fourth costa to one-third dorsum; a fuscous median dot; ground-colour sharply defined by a brownish postmedian line from three-fourths costa, slightly outwardly arched near costa, then straight to before tornus—this line is preceded by a dark-fuscous suffusion ; ‘beyond postmedian line disc is whitish-grey, with the exception -of a triangular brownish suffusion from line to apex ; a terminal -series of minute blackish dots between crenulations ; cilia fuscous, tinged with ochreous, on tornus whitish-grey. Hindwings with termen rounded, dark-fuscous, towards base paler; a suffused whitish oblique streak from inner margin at two-thirds, towards -costa at one-third; a short white terminal line from beneath apex to vein 5; a narrow whitish suffusion from vein 3 to tornus; -cilia fuscous, on terminal line white, on tornal suffusion whitish. Type in coll. Turner. North. Queensland, Townsville, in February ; one specimen received from Mr. F. P. Dodd. | Section NoctTulns. PoLYDESMA AURICULATA, %. Sp. (Auricwlatus, eared—in allusion to the complex fovea on fore- wing.) Male, 31 mm. Head, thorax, and paipi dark-fuscous, irrorated with ochreous-whitish. Antenne ochreous-whitish, annulated with black; in male simple. Abdomen fuscous. Legs dark- fuscous, mixed with ochreous-whitish. Forewings triangular, costa slightly arched near base, then straight ; apex tolerably pointed, termen bowed, oblique; in male with two deeply excavated thinly-scaled foveas beneath costa towards base—on lower surface these form roundish projections with a deep fovea between, the whole overlapped by the long highly-developed retinaculum, and by a shorter ridge, on which is a short triangular process arising from median vein; dark-fuscous, mixed with -ochreous-whitish, the dark scales tending to form transverse fascie ; postmedian line obscure, dentate, from three-fourths costa to two-thirds dorsum, strongly sigmoid; an interrupted ‘dark-fuscous terminal line; cilia dark-fuscous. Hindwings with termen rounded, slightly crenulate, fuscous ; a faint postmedian 10 line, followed near tornus by a pale line ; terminal line and cilia as forewings. Type in coll. Ilidge. Queensland, Killarney, in November ; one specimen. CORULA ISCHNODES, 1. sp. (Ischnodes, of meagre appearance. ) Male and female, 25-30 mm. Head and palpi fuscous-grey. Antenne fuscous; in male with moderate ciliations (14) and longer bristles (24). Thorax grey. Abdomen fuscous-whitish. Legs grey, posterior pair whitish. Forewings elongate, costa rather strongly arched, apex rounded, termen obliquely rounded ; grey, partly suffused with whitish-grey ; most veins outlined with dark-fuscous ; orbicular obsolete, reniform faintly indicated by a darker shade; antemedian and postmedian lines indicated in whitish-grey ; a terminal series of dark-fuscous, very short, longitudinal streaks between veins ; cilia grey. Hindwings with termen slightly sinuate; fuscous, towards base suffused with whitish ; cilia whitish. Type 1 in coll. Lyell. N.S. Wales, Sydney. Victoria, Kewell, Birchip. Six Arise HYPERLOPHA AMICTA, 7. sp. (Amiktos, unmixed, without markings.) Female, 50 mm. Head, thorax, and palpi ochreous-grey, with a few sparsely scattered dark-fuscous scales. Antennz ochreous- grey. Abdomen ochreous-grey. Legs ochreous-grey, with a few sparsely scattered dark-fuscous scales. Forewings triangular, costa slightly arched, apex acute, termen sigmoid beneath apex, not oblique, rounded beneath ; pale-ochreous-grey, with a few sparsely scattered dark-fuscous scales ; cilia concolorous. Hind- wings with termen rounded; fuscous, basal third ochreous- whitish ; cilia whitish. Type in Queensland Museum. North Queensland (?) ; one specimen without locality. Section ERASTRIANZ TARACHE NIVIPICTA. Acontia nivipicta, Butl., Tr. E.S., 1886, p. 400. Tarache clerana, Low, P.L.S., N.S.W., 1901, p. 658. Tarache hieroglyphica, Low., P.L.8., N.S.W., 1901, p. 658. I believe these forms are merely varietal; all three are taken commonly on the Queensland coast. Queensland, Peak Downs, Brisbane, Dalby, Southport. NS. Wales, Sydney, Broken Hill. N.W. Australia, Roeburne,. Derby. KE XANTHOPTERA ALBICERIS, 7%. Sp. (Albiceris, whitish-yellow.) Male, 17 mm. Head and palpi ochreous. Antenne grey, towards base ochreous ; in male moderately ciliated (1) with fine slightly longer bristles. Thorax and abdomen pale-ochreous. Legs pale-ochreous; anterior pair grey in front. Forewings triangular, costa slightly arched, apex rounded, termen rounded, slightly oblique; pale-ochreous without markings; cilia con- colorous. Hindwings with termen slightly sinuate; pale- ochreous ; cilia concolorous. Type in coll. Turner. North Queensland, Townsville, in May; one specimen received from Mr. F. P. Dodd. Queensland, Peak Downs; one specimen in British Museum. XANTHOPTERA CROCODETA, 7. sp. (Krokodetos, bound with saffron—in allusion to lines on wings.): Male, 24 mm. MHead and palpi purplish-grey. Antenne grey, in male shortly ciliated (one-half), with longer bristles (1). Thorax purplish-grey, with a pale-ochreous transverse band behind collar. Abdomen purplish-grey. Legs purplish-grey, posterior pair whitish-ochreous. Forewings triangular, costa scarcely arched, apex round-pointed, termen bowed, oblique; purplish-grey; a pale-ochreous costal streak, narrowing to a point at apex; lines slender, ochreous, not crossing costal streak ; antemedian line straight from beneath one-third costa to one-third dorsum ; a transverse linear faintly darker median discal mark, edged posteriorly with ochreous; postmedian line straight from beneath two-thirds costa to three-fourths dorsum ; subterminal line wavy to vein 5, thence sharply dentate on veins, and ending on tornus ; veins towards termen finely outlined in ochreous; cilia purplish- grey, intersected by continuation of ochreous lines on veins. Hindwings with termen rounded; colour and markings as in forewings, but antemedian line obsolete towards inner margin, and discal mark obsolete. Type in coll. Turner. Queensland, Brisbane; one specimen received from Mr. R. Tllidge. SANDAVA XYLISTIS. Sandava xylistis, Swin., Cat. Oxf. Mus., IT., p. 192 (1900). Meyr., Tr. E.S., 1902, p. 37. Type in Oxford Museum. Queensland, Brisbane. Victoria, Melbourne. According to Swinhoe, also from Tasmania. 12 EUBLEMMA HEMIRHODA, Micra hemirhoda, Wlk., Brit. Mus. Cat., XX XIII., p. 799. Thalpochares basilissa, Meyr., Tr. R.S., S.A, 1891, p. 196. North Queensland, Townsville, in August; one specimen received from Mr. F. P. Dodd. RIVULA NIPHODESMA. Rivula nipho leema, Meyr., Tr. R.S., 8.A., 1891, p. 197. Rivula proleuca, Holl., Nov. Zool. North Queenslard, Thursday Island, Cairns, Cardwell. Also from Bourn. Gen. EssonistIs. Meyr., Tr. E.S., 1902, p. 36. Zhelxinoa, Turn., P.L.S., N.S.W., 1902, p. 131, is a synonym. ESSONISTIS MICRAEOLA. Essonistis micraeola, Meyr., Tr. E.S., 1902, p. 36. Thelxinoa calliscia, Turn., P.L.S., N.S.W., 1902, p. 133. Queensland, Brisbane. Gen. TRISSERNIS. Meyr., Tr. E.S., 1902, p. 37. Bryomima, Yur eee N.S.W., 1902, p. 134, is a synonym. TRISSERNIS PRASINOSCIA- Trissernis prasinoscia, Meyr,, Tr. E.S., 1902, p. 37. Bryomima elaeodes, Turn., P.L.S., N.S.W., 1902, p. 134. Queensland, Brisbane. Section HyYPENINSE, I would suggest that the distinction between the Hrastriane and Hypenine be based on the palpi, all genera with acutely- pointed palpi being placed in the latter group. PSEUDAGLOSSA SORDESCENS. Bleptina (?) sordescens, Rosen., A.M.N.H., 1885, p. 424. Mormoscopa crossodora, Meyr., Tr. E.S., 1897, p. 371. Queensland, Brisbane. N.S. Wales, Mount Kosciusko. Vic- toria, Gisborne. PANILLA MELANOSTICTA, 7. Sp. (Melanostiktos, black-spotted.) Female, 21 mm. Head, palpi, thorax, and abdomen dark- fuscous, mixed with whitish. Legs whitish, anterior pair fuscous anteriorly. Forewings triangular, costa straight, apex round- pointed, termen crenulate, bowed, somewhat oblique; fuscous- whitish, with scattered dark-fuscous scales and markings; a 13 suffused basal fascia, followed by a fine dentate transverse line from one-fifth costa to one-third dorsum ; an ill-defined median fascia ; a finely dentate outwardly curved line from three-fifths. costa to two thirds dorsum, succeeded by a whitish line, which again is followed by dark-fuscous blotches on costa and mid-disc ;. four whitish dots on terminal part of costa; a row of subter- minal dots, followed by dark suffusions on apex, mid-termen, and tornus ; a fine terminal line; cilia whitish, mixed with fuscous. Hindwings with termen crenulate, rounded ; colour and irrora- tion as forewings ; a broad suffused dark-fuscous median band ;. ‘subterminal dots, terminal line, and cilia as forewings. Type in coll. Turner. Queensland, Bundaberg, Brisbane ; two specimens. ZETHES BLECHRODES, 12. sp. (Blechrodes, weak-looking.) Male, 25 mm. Head and thorax greyish-brown. Palpi very long (5), second joint much elongated (3), terminal joint moderate (1), acute ; greyish brown Antenne ochreous-whitish 5. in male with short pectinations (1), which give rise to tufts of cilia, terminal third simple, ciliated. Abdomen greyish-brown. Legs greyish-brown. Forewings triangular, costa convex at base, moderately excised in middle, apex acute, termen prominently angled on vein 4, above angle slightly excised, beneath crenulate ;. greyish-brown ; a pale brownish-ochreous postmedian line, irro- rated with brown scales, and preceded by a whitish discal lunule rather below middle; traces of a fuscous subterminal line ; an interrupted dark-fuscous terminal line; cilia pale-brownish- ochreous, mixed with fuscous. Hindwings with termen crenulate, sharply angled on vein 4 ; greyish-brown ; a large whitish tornal blotch partly obscured by ground-colour ; terminal line and cilia as forewings. Sir Geo. Hampson remarks that this species is almost exactly like Zethes pectinifer, Hmps., from India, but the male antenns: are quite different. Type in coll. Agricultural Department, Queensland. North Queensland, Cairns ; one specimen. Gen. PLACEROBELA, nov. (Plakerobelos, with broad weapons—palpi.) Head with projecting frontal tuft. Tongue well developed. Palpi obliquely ascending ; second joint moderate, not reaching vertex ; terminal joint much thickened with scales anteriorly, longer than and as broad as second joint, apex obtusely pointed. (Antenne in male unknown.) Thorax with a small posterior crest. Abdomen smooth. Forewings with vein 2 from two 14 thirds, 3 and 4 from angle, 7, 8, 9 stalked, 10 from areole. Hindwings with 3 and 4 connate, 5 arising from midway between 4 and middle of cell, 6 and 7 connate. The peculiar palpi appear to sufficiently characterise this genus. PLACEROBELA BRACHYPHYLLA, 1%. sp. (Brachuphullos, short-winged.) Female, 32 mm. Head, palpi, antenne, and thorax fuscous. Palpi long (3), second joint as Jong as breadth of eye, terminal joint long (one and half). Legs fuscous. Forewings triangular, costa nearly straight, apex rectangular, termen rather strongly bowed, slightly oblique; pale-fuscous, finely strigulated with darker fuscous ; obscure discal dots at one-fourth, and mid-dise towards costa ; a straight line from mid-costa to three-fifths dorsum forms the sharp anterior edge of a paler area which posteriorly is suf- fused ; a series of obscure whitish terminal dots on veins ; cilia fuscous. Hindwings with termen strongly bowed ; fuscous ; cilia fuscous. Type in coll. Turner. North Queensland, Townsville, in April ; one specimen received from Mr. F. P. Dodd. HYPENA GYPSOSPILA, 7%. Sp. (Gupsos, chalk, and spilos, a spot—in allusion to the spot on hindwing.) Female, 32 mm. MHead fuscous, frontal tuft with a few whitish scales. Antenne fuscous, inferior surface towards base ochreous-whitish (anterior portions broken off). Thorax pale-ochreous-brown. (Abdomen broken.) Legs fuscous. Fore- wings triangular, costa very slightly arched, apex pointed, termen rather strongly bowed, slightly oblique ; pale-ochreous- brown, with a few sparsely scattered blackish scales ; a blackish dot beneath costa at one-fourth ; a straight brown line from costa at three-fifths to mid-dorsum, edged posteriorly by a fine white line—a small greyish suffusion follows this line on dorsum; a waved subterminal line of minute blackish dots, a brown line close to termen leaving terminal edge paler ; cilia fuscous, with a pale median line. Hindwings with termen strongly rounded ; dark-fuscous ; a large ochreous-whitish blotch at apex ; between blotch and tornus there is an ochreous-whitish terminal line, bisected by a conspicuous dark-fuscous line; cilia fuscous, on apical blotch ochreous-whitish. Type in Queensland Museum. North Queensland, Cairns, in November ; one specimen, taken by Mr. C. J. Wild. 15 MARAPANA RHODEA, 1. sp. (hodeos, rosy.) Male, 32 mm. Head and thorax ochreous-whitish, faintly pinkish tinged, with a few scattered black scales. Palpi rather long (3), porrect, ochreous-whitish, with a few black scales. Antenne ochreous-whitish ; in male simple, with a short bristle (1) on each segment. Abdomen pinkish, with a few blackish scales. Legs ochreous-whitish ; bases of outer spurs and a few scattered scales blackish. Forewings elongate-oblong, costa scarcely arched, apex acute, termen sinuate, scarcely oblique ; ochreous-whitish, faintly pinkish-tinged, with sparsely scattered blackish scales ; a minute blackish dot in mid-disc ; a suffused line of dark irroration from apex towards mid-dorsum, followed by a series of minute blackish dots; a series of minute blackish dots between veins close to termen; cilia ochreous-whitish. Hindwings truncate at tornus, termen gently rounded above tornus ; ochreous-whitish, suffused with pink ; a series of dark- fuscous dots close to termen; a fine interrupted dark-fuscous terminal line ; cilia ochreous-whitish. Type in coll. Turner. North Queensland, Cairns; one specimen, received from Mr. HH. Tryon. TIPASA DEMONIAS. Trigonisiis demonias, Meyr., Tr. E.S., 1902, p. 39. Tipasa macrobela, Turn., P.L.S8., N.'S.W., 1902, p. 126. Queensland, Brisbane. TIPASA ASTHENOPA. Trigonistis asthenopa, Meyr., Tr. ES., 1902, p. 40. Prolophota camptoloma, Turn., P.L.S., N.S.W., 1902, p. 127. I think these are the same. The species is probably variable, but recognisable by the strongly sinuate termen of forewing. Queensland, Brisbane. N.S. Wales, Gosford. Section HYBLAEIN®. HYBLAEA IBIDIAS. Alyblaea ibidias, Turn., P.L.S., N.S.W., 1902, p. 155 Recent captures have shown that this species is variabie. The forewings may be grey, and both fore and hind wings may be marked with numerous fuscous dots and blotches. Queensland, Brisbane. LYMANTRIADZ. Gen. HAPLOPSEUSTIS. Meyr., Tr. H.5.;.1902, p. 34 Acnissa, Turn., Tr. R.S.,8.A, 1902, p. 180, is a synonym of 16 this. I may have been mistaken in referring the genus to this: family. Certainly the connection of vein 8 with the cell is nearer the base than in Huproctis, and the apparent resemblance. in other characters to that genus may be deceptive. HAPLOPSEUSTIS ERYTHRIAS. Haplopseustis erythrias, Meyr., Tr. E.S., 1902, p. 34. Acnissa pyrrhias, Turn., Tr. R.S., S.A., 1902, p. 180. North Australia, Port Darwin. North Queensland, Towns- ville. Queensland, Brisbane, EuPRoctTis EDWARDSI. Teara edwardsi, Newm., Tr. E.S,IV., p. 54 (1856), p. 284,. Pl) xvii, 4..10. Teara togata, Luc., P.L.S., N.S.W., 1891, p. 285. Queensland, Brisbane. Victoria, Melbourne. South Aus- tralia, Adelaide. CARAGOLA CLARA. Redoa clara, Wik , Brit. Mus. Cat., XX XIT., p. 343. Caviria clara, Hmps., Moths Ind., I., p. 490. Porthesia collucens, Luc., P.L8., N.S.W., 1889, p. 1090. Queensland, Brisbane. REDOA TRANSIENS. Redoa transiens, Wik., J. Linn. Soc., VI., p. 128. North Queensland, Armidale, near Townsville, in December 3. one specimen, received from Mr. F. P. Dodd. LAELIA OBSOLETA. Bombyx obsoleta, Fab., Ent. Syst., ITI., I., p. 463. Laelia eremaea, Meyr, Tr. RS, S.A., 1891, p. 193. Queensland, Duaringa, Brisbane. ORGYIA AUSTRALIS. Femaie, Orgyia australis, W)k., Brit. Mus. Cat., [V., p. 787.. Lacida postica, W\k., Brit. Mus. Cat., IV., p. 803. Orgyia canifascia, Wlk., Brit. Mus. Cat., XX XIT., p. 325. Queensland, Brisbane. COLUSSA DENTICULATA. Teara denticulata, Newm, Tr. E.S., 1856, p. 283. Darala basigera, W\k., Brit. Mus. Cat., XX XII., p. 372.. Darala undulata, Feld., Reise Nov., Pl. 98, f. 11. We CoLussA CONNEXA. Darala connexa, W1ik., Brit. Mus. Cat., IV., p. 898: Darala fervens, Wik., Brit. Mus. Cat., IV., p. 898. Darala postica, Wik., Brit. Mus. Cat., IV., p. 899. Darala zonata, Feld., Reise Nov., Pl. 99, f. 1. HERACULA LEONINA, 2. Sp. (Leoninus, like a lion, tawny.) Male, 58 mm. Head, palpi, and antenne pale-ochreous. Thorax deep-ochreous, mixed with whitish. Abdomen deep- ochreous, mixed with whitish; base of tuft whitish. Legs. whitish-ochreous ; tarsi and anterior tibie dark-fuscous. Fore- wings elongate-oval, costa slightly arched, more so towards apex,. apex rounded, termen very obliquely rounded ; ochreous-brown ; costal and dorsal edge ochreous; a longitudinal oval whitish spot in mid-disc near base; another rather smaller oval whitish spot at end of cell; veins towards termen outlined in whitish- ochreous ; cilia ochreous, mixed with brownish. Hindwings with termen rounded, bright-ochreous ; cilia ochreous. Type in Queensland Museum. North Queensland (1); one specimen, without locality. OLENE HORSFIELDI, Saund., Tr. E.S8., 1851, p. 162. Hamps., Moths Ind., I., p. 448 (to which refer for synonymy). North Queensland, Townsville, in June; one male specimen, bred by Mr. F. P. Dodd. There is a female in the Queensland Museum. Queensland, Brisbane, in May. OLENE MENDOSA. Olene mendosa, Hb., Zutr. Exot. Schm., III, p. 19, Pl. 147, f, 293-4. Feld., Reise Nov., Pl. 99, f. 6. ) Antipha basalis, Wlk., Brit. Mus. Cat., IV., p. 806. Nioda fusiformis, W1k., Brit. Mus. Cat., V., p. 1,070. Rilia lanceolata, W1k., Brit. Mus. Cat., V., p. 1,075. Dasychira sawanta, Moore, Lep. E.I. Co., p. 340. Dasychira basalis, W\k., Brit. Mus. Cat., XX XII., p. 362. Dasychira divisa, Wlk., Brit. Mus. Cat., XXXII, p. 363. Dasychira basigera, Wik., Brit. Mus. Cat., XXXII, p. 363. fiilia distinguenda, W1k., Brit. Mus. Cat., XXXII. p. 435. frlia basivitta, W1k., Brit. Mus. Cat., XX XIT., p. 436. Turriga invasa, Wik., Char. Undescr. Lep. Het., p. 15. Comment is needless! North Queensland, Cooktown, Townsville. Queensland, Duaringa, Brisbane. 18 PSALIS SECURIS. Psalis securis, Hb., Zutr. Exot. Schm., III., p. 9, Pl. 146, f, 291-2. Arestha antica, W\k., Brit. Mus. Cat., IV., p. 805. Rigema falcata, W\k., Brit. Mus. Cat., XX XITL., p. 437. Rigema tacta, W\k., Brit. Mus. Cat., XX XII., p. 438. Anticyra approximata, Wik., Brit. Mus. Cat., XX XIT., p. 440. Queensland, Brisbane. (Fam. URANIADA. Sub-fam. URANIANA. ACROPTERIS JUSTARIA. Micronia justaria, Wlk., Brit. Mus. Cat., XXIII. p. 821. North Australia, Port Darwin. North Queensland, Thursday Island, Cairns, Johnstone River. ACROPTERIS STRIATARIA, Clerck. Teste, Hmps., Moths Ind., [II., p. 115. Micronia teriadata, Gn., Lep., X., p. 29. Anteia canescens, Luc., P.L.S., N.S.W., 1891, p. 300. North Queensland, Cape York, Townsville. Queensland, Rockhampton. ACROPTERIS NANULA. Micronia nanula, Warr., Nov. Zool., 1898, p. 226. Queensland, Westwood, Killarney ; a series in October. PSEUDOMICRONIA DISCATA, Micronia discata, Warr., Nov. Zool., 1899, p. 319. Anteia doddsiana, Luc., P.B.S., Q, 1899, p. 149. Priority of publication rests. I believe, with Mr. Warren’s name. Queensland, Brisbane, Toowoomba. Sub-fam. EpIPLEMINE A difficult group; the species are nearly all small, inconspicu- ous, and rather variable, and the published descriptions very difficult to identify. The generic revision of the sub-family will be no easy task, and it may be noted in passing that vein 11 of forewings may be either free or strongly anastomosing with 12 within the limits of the same species. EPIPLEMA COERULEOTINCTA, Warr. North Queensland, Townsville, in April; two specimens, received from Mr. F. P. Dodd. 19 EPIPLEMA ARGILLODES, 7. sp (Argillodes, like clay.) Male and female, 21-28 mm. Head white; face and palpi dark-brown. Antenne whitish. Thorax grey-whitish ; in female brownish-tinged. Abdomen grey-whitish, with a few fuscous scales on penultimate segment ; in female brownish-tinged. Legs ochreous-whitish, anterior tibize and tarsi pale-grey. Forewings triangular, costa moderately arched, apex forming an obtuse rectangular projection, termen sigmoid beneath projection ; grey- whitish, more or less irrorated with dark-fuscous; in female brownish-tinged ; markings dark-fuscous; an obscure series of minute dots on costa; sometimes a dot in disc beneath one-third costa, opposite another above two-fifths dorsum, representing antemedian line; a dot beneath two-thirds costa, sometimes followed by a second dot, opposite a larger spot on two-thirds dorsum, representing postmedian line ; a well-marked terminal dot just beneath apex, followed by a conspicuous dark line on concave part of termen, sometimes interrupted ; cilia whitish, mixed with dark-fuscous. Hindwings with termen angled and slightly projecting .on vein 7, slightly excavated beneath projec- tion, rather strongly bowed on vein 4, and slightly projecting at tornus ; colour and irroration as forewings ; traces of antemedian line near inner margin at one-third; a strongly marked post- median line from inner-margin at two-thirds not reaching costa, obsolete in female ; cilia whitish. Under surface brown-whitish, — with a few fuscous scales. Type in coll. Turner. (Jueensland, Gympie, Brisbane ; three specimens, received from Mr. F. P. Dodd and Mr. R. Illidge. EPIPLEMA CONFLICTARIA. Erosia conflictaria, W\k., Brit. Mus. Cat., XXIII, p. 851. Hmps., Moths Ind., III., p. 129. fe North Queensland, Geraldton, Townsville; two specimens, in November and December. EPIPLEMA OXY1YPA, Nn. sp. (Oxutupos, with a sharp or pointed mark—in allusion to ante- median line of forewings.) Female, 20 mm. Head white, face and palpi fuscous. Antenne whitish. Thorax white, sometimes with a few dark-fuscous scales. Abdomen grey-whitish, sometimes with a few dark- fuscous scales. f.egs white, anterior pair dark-fuscous anteriorly Forewings triangular, costa gently arched, apex rounded, termen gently rounded, very slightly indented between veins 4 and 5, slightly oblique ; pale-whitish-ochreous ; base of costa, mid and 20 terminal portions of disc more or less suffused with grey ; sparsely scattered dark-fuscous scales tending to form minute transverse strigule, most numerous on costa; lines ferrugineous-fuscous ; antemedian line from costa at one-fourth, very obliquely out- wards, acutely angled in mid-dise to end in dorsum at two-fifths ; postmedian line from costa beyond middle, strongly outwardly curved and slightly waved, then sigmoid to dorsum at three- fourths ; a subterminal series of minute black dots not reaching tornus ; cilia whitish, with a ferrugineous central line and dark- fuscous dots opposite veins. Hindwings with termen, forming two acute projections on veins 4 and 7; colour and irroration as forewings ; antemedian line fine, transverse, with a slight median angle ; postmedian line evenly curved, slightly waved in middle, followed by a whitish line ; a spot of fine blackish irroration near mid-termen ; a fine whitish terminal line, preceded by a greyish line, and this again by three fine black dots between projections ; - cilia ferrugineous-fuscous, apices whitish, towards tornus whitish, with a median ferruginous line. Under surface white, with dark-fuscous strigule; costal and terminal areas of forewings suffused with grey. Type in coll. Turner. Queensland, Brisbane, in May; two specimens, received from Mr. R. Illidge. EPIPLEMA INCLARATA. Erosia inclarata, Wlk., Brit. Mus. Cat., XXXV., p. 1,646, Thursday Island, in March. North Queensland, Townsville, in May; received from Mr. F. P. Dodd. EPIPLEMA XYLINOPIS, 7%. sp. (Xulinopis, looking like wood.) Female, 22 mm. Head whitish-grey; face and palpi dark- brown, Antenne ochreous-whitish. Thorax and abdomen pale- brownish, tinged with purplish-grey. Legs ochreous-whitish, anterior pair grey. Forewings triangular, costa gently arched, strongly arched just before apex, apex tolerably acute, termen sinuate beneath apex, bowed on vein 3 ; pale-brownish, suffused, except in mid-disc, with purple-grey ; with numerous obscure darker transverse strigule ; lines obscure, ochreous ; antemedian at one-third, obsolete towards margins ; postmedian from beneath two-thirds costa to three-fourths dorsum, dentate, not outwardly bowed; a narrow terminal dark-fuscous suffusion from apex to mid-termen; cilia bases pale-brownish, apices dark-fuscous. Hindwings with termen straight to between veins 1 and 2, where it forms an acute angle and is notched between this and tornus ; 21 colour, strigulation, and cilia as forewings. Under surface grey with sparsely scattered dark-fuscous strigule. Peculiar in the shape of the hindwings, and referred to this genus only provisionally. Type in coll. Turner. North Queensland, Townsville, in April; one specimen, received from Mr. F. P. Dodd. MoNOBOLODES SUBFALCATA. Monobolodes subfalcata, Warr., Nov. Zool, 1898, p. 230. North Queensland, Townsville, in March and April; six specimens, received from Mr. F. P. Dodd. Queensland, Duaringa. DIRADES PLATYPHYLLA, 7. sp. (Platuphullos, with broad wings.) Male and female, 25-26 mm. Head white; face and palpi dark-fuscous. Antennze white. Thorax and abdomen whitish or pale-grey. Legs whitish, anterior pair fuscous. Forewings triangular, costa slightly arched, apex rounded, termen obliquely rounded; whitish or pale-grey ; a darker suffused line along basal half of costa; a few scattered black scales; antemedian line obsolete ; a small or minute blackish discal dot ; postmedian line slender, faintly marked, ferrugineous, externally margined with whitish, in female fuscous, from three-fourths costa first strongly outwardly, and then strongly inwardly curved to three-fourths dorsum, dorsal end blackish in male, in female preceded on dorsum by a broad fuscous suffusion; a subterminal row of black dots from apex to mid-termen ; cilia grey. Hindwings with termen in male angled and slightly projecting on vein 7, thence nearly straight to vein 4, inner portion of wing folded over and con- taining a glandular thickening; termen in female with small acute projections on veins 4 and 7; colour irroration and cilia as forewings ; postmedian line in male very slender, evenly rounded, crenulate ; in female rather strongly bowed and angled. between veins 3 and 4, and better marked; a dark-fuscous discal streak precedes it in female; in male three black subterminal dots. Type in coll. Turner. North Queensland, Thursday Island. Queensland, Brisbane, in February and March ; seven specimens. DIRADES MUTANS, Hrosia mutans, Butl., Ann. Mag. N.H., 1887, p. 434. Dirades leucocera, Hmps., Ul. Het., VIII., p. 102, Pl. 150, £13); Moths Ind., I1I., p. 133. North Queensland, Thursday Island, Townsville, in March ; four specimens, received from Mr. F. P. Dodd. 22 DIRADES LEUCOCEPHALA. Erosia leucocephala, W1k., Brit. Mus. Cat., XX VI, p. 1,758. Epiplema lugens, Warr., Nov. Zool., 1897, p. 202. North Queensland, Geraldton, Townsville, in March. Queens- land, Rockhampton, Brisbane, in August. DIRADES DECORATA. Dirades decorata, Warr., Nov. Zool., 1898, p. 228. North Queensland, Townsville, in February and April Queens- land, Duaringa, Brisbane, and Mount Tambourine, in November,. December, March, and April. DIRADES STEREOGRAMMA, ‘2. sp. (Stereogrammos, stiffly marked—in allusion to postmedian line of forewing.) Female, 16 mm. Head white; face and palpi fuscous. Antenne whitish. Thorax and abdomen white, irrorated with brownish. Legs whitish, irrorated with fuscous; anterior pair mostly fuscous. Forewings triangular, costa nearly straight, slightly arched towards apex, termen straight above, slightly rounded towards tornus, dorsum somewhat incurved; grey- whitish, irrorated with brownish ; a few dark-fuscous scales on costa, and near base beneath costa; a brownish median band, anterior margin from one-third costa to two-fifths dorsum, strongly angulated outwards; posterior edge from beyond mid- costa to three fourths dorsum, nearly straight, slightly inwardly curved in mid-disc, edged posteriorly with whitish ; three or four subterminal dark-fuscous spots above mid-termen ; cilia whitish, mixed with brownish and dark-fuscous. Hindwings with termen rounded, with short acute projections on veins 4 and 7; grey- whitish, with sparse brownish and dark-fuscous irroration ; posterior line whitish, partly edged anteriorly with brownish, rather strongly outwardly bowed; a dark subterminal line, preceded by a whitish line, and interrupted by two white streaks. on either side of inner projection ; cilia as forewings. Type in coll. Turner. North Queensland, Townsville, in March; one specimen, received from Mr. F. P. Dodd. PARADIRADES. ASSIMILIS. Paradirades assimilis, Warr., Nov. Zool., 1896, p. 353. My example has a broad obscurely darker band across middle of both wings. North Queensland, Cooktown, Townsville, in May ; one speci- men, received from Mr. F. P. Dodd. 23 LOBOGETHES INTERRUPTA. Lobogethes interrupta, Warr., Nov. Zool., 1896, p. 352. Gathynia despecta, Warr., Nov. Zool., 1898, p. 229. Erosia radiata, Luc., P.R.S., Q., 1898, p. 17. North Queensland, Townsville; Queensland, Duaringa, Bris- bane, Dalby, Warwick. EUPTEROTIDS. EPICOMA ARGENTATA. Teara argentata, W\k., Brit. Mus. Cat., XX XIT., p. 355. Marane subargentea, Wlk., Brit Mus. Cat., XX XITI., p. 397. Teara argentosa, Luc., P.1..8., N.S.W., 1889, p 1089. North Australia. North Queensland, Townsville. Queens- and, Duaringa. EPICOMA ASBOLINA. Epicoma asbolina, Turn., Tr. R.8., 8.A., 1902, p. 183. I have since received the male from Mr. F. P. Dodd. The sexes are similar, and in this it differs from the allied Z. barnardi, Lue. North Australia, Port Darwin. North Queensland, Towns- ville, Bowen. Gen. HyYPERCYDAS, nov. (Huperkudas, glorious.) Head, palpi, thorax, legs, and abdomen densely hairy. (Antenne in male unknown.) Forewings with vein 2 from middle of cell, 3 from before angle, 4 from angle, discocellular oblique, 5 from upper angle, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 stalked, 11 connected by a bar with 9+10 beyond 8, Hindwings with veins 3 and 4 _ separate at base, discocellular oblique, 5, 6, 7 stalked, 8 widely diverging from cell near base. Allied to Melanothrix, Feld. (Hampson, Moths Ind., I., 44), differing ir the bar between veins 11 and 9+ 10 of forewing, and stalking of vein 5 of hindwing. H{YPERCYDAS CALLILOMA 1. Sp. (Kallilomos, beautifully margined.) Female, 70 mm. Head, palpi, thorax, and abdomen clear brownish-ochreous. Antenne dark-fuscous, near base ochreous- whitish. Legs densely hairy, dark fuscous ; femora brownish- ochreous. Forewings triangular, costa nearly straight to two-thirds, thence moderately arched, apex rounded; termen slightly rounded, moderately oblique ; clear brownish-ochreous ; a whitish discal spot above middle at one-third; a conspicuous whitish subter- minal line, sharply dentate between veins; cilia brownish- ochreous. Hindwings with termen rounded; colour and mark- ings as forewings, but without discal spot. Type in Queensland Museum. 24 North Queensland (?). One specimen without locality. Sir Geo. Hampson informs me that there is a much browner speci- men in the British Museum from New Guinea. LASIOCAMPIDA. ENTOMETA RUFESCENS. Gastropacha rufescens, Wlk., Brit. Mus. Cat,, VEjalaoas Megasoma rubida, W1k., Brit. Mus. Cat., XXXII, p. 566. Bombyx crenulata, Luc., P.LS., N:S.W., 1393, pai Queensland, Brisbane. Victoria, Melbourne. Tasmania, Hobart. CLATHE ANTRACICA. Clathe anthracica, Turn., Tr. R.S., S.A., 1902, p. 186. Type in coll. Lyell. : Victoria, Gembrook. These particulars were accidentally omitted when describing this species. CLATHE ALBICANS. — Sitina albicans, Swin., Cat. Ox. Mus., I., p. 268, Pl. 6, f. 10 (1892). . Bombyx pinnalis, Luc., Tr. Nat. Hist. Soc., Q., 1895, p. 103. These are, I think, identical. Queensland, Brisbane, in April; one specimen. Swinhoe’s type is said to be from Western Australia. LIMACODID&. NATADA ORDINATA. Doratifera ordinata, Butl., Tr. E.S8., 1886, p. 388. Doratiphora colligans, Luc., P.R.S., Q., 1901, p. 76. North Queensland, ‘Yownsville. Queensland, Peak Downs, Brisbane. APODECTA MONODISCA. Apodecta monodisca, Turn, Tr. R.S., 8.A., 1902, p. 189. Anisobathra actinias, Low., Tr. R.S., 8.A., 1902, p. 221. North Queensland, Thursday Island, Townsville, Mackay. Queensland, Stradbroke Island. Fam. ZEUZERIDA, XYLEUTES COSCINOTA, 7. sp. * (Koskinotos, sieve-like.) Male, 68 mm. Head and thorax grey, finely irrorated with whitish ; thorax with a dark-grey horseshoe-shaped mark pos- teriorly, its apex being at mid-thorax. Palpi dark-grey, inferior surface white. Antenne whitish-grey; pectinations ochreous- fuscous. Abdomen grey, irrorated with whitish; bases of seg- ments whitish. TJ.egs grey, irrorated with whitish. Forewings 25 elongate, costa scarcely arched, apex rounded, termen gently rounded, strongly oblique ; white, crossed by very numerous fine grey strigule, which are irregularly connected by cross-bars, forming a fine sieve-like pattern; about a dozen grey dots on costa; an irregular grey discal spot rather beyond middle; a somewhat triangular grey blotch on fold beneath mid-disc ; a terminal series of dark-grey dots extending into cilia ; cilia white, bases partly grey, on dots wholly grey. Hindwings elongate, ‘termen sinuate; white; along termen is a narrow area of sieve- like grey markings ; terminal dots and cilia as forewings. Type in coll. Turner. North Queensland, Townsville, in October ; one bred specimen, received from Mr. F. P. Dodd. XYLEUTES ACONTUCHA, 7” sp. (Akontouchos, bearing a dart—in allusion to mark on fold of ‘forewing.) Male and female, 58-64 mm. Head grey. Palpi white, external surface blackish. Antenne whitish-grey ; pectinations dark-fuscous. Thorax grey, with two diverging blackish lines from centre of collar to posterior angles Abdomen grey. Legs ‘grey; tarsi dark-fuscous, annulated with whitish. Forewings elongate, costa gently arched, apex rounded, termen gently rounded, strongly oblique ; pale grey, markings blackish ; a dark- fuscous suffusion beneath basal third of costa; half a dozen dots on costa; a broad line on fold from one-eighth to middle, its posterior extremity slightly enlarged, ending in an acute point ; a terminal series of dots extending into cilia; cilia whitish, except on dots, with a few grey scales. Hindwings elongate, termen nearly straight ; whitish-grey ; a few grey scales towards termen ; cilia whitish, opposite veins barred with dark-fuscous. The female is similar to the male, but darker, with markings ‘less distinct. Type in coll, Turner. North Queensland, Townsville, in October and November ; ‘two bred specimens, received from Mr. F. P. Dodd. Fam. NOCTUID/Ai. Sect. HOMOPTERINZE. Gen. ACANTHOCOLES, 70v. (Akantha, a thorn, prickle ; colon, a limb—with prickly limbs.) Head smooth. Tongue strongly developed. Palpi ascending, ‘recurved ; second joint with loosely spreading scales beneath ; third joint long, stout, obtuse, nearly reaching vertex, with appressed scales. Antenne in male (unknown). Thorax (rubbed). Abdomen smooth. Fore-, mid-, and hind-tibize with smooth appressed scales and numerous small spines ; mid-tibize with one, Aind-tibiz with two pairs of spurs, the inner spurs longer. Fore- 26 wings with vein 2 from two-thirds, 3 from near angle, 6 from upper angle, 7, 8, 9 stalked, 10 connected by a bar with 8+9 opposite 7. Hindwings with 3 and 4 connate, 5 approximate to: 4 at base, 6 and 7 connate. ACANTHOCOLES EUCESTA, 7. sp. (Eukestos, beautifully embroidered.) Female, 46 mm. Head dark-fuscous mixed with reddish ; lower half of face whitish-ochreous. Palpi whitish-ochreous. Antenne dark-fuscous, towards extremities ochreous-tinged. Thorax whitish-ochreous, reddish-tinged; ccllar divided by a narrow reddish-line, before this it 1s whitish-ochreous, behind dark-fuscous. Abdomen whitish-ochreous, dorsum irrorated with pale-red. Legs whitish-ochreous ; femora and tibie suffused with red on upper surface. Forewings triangular, costa nearly straight, apex rounded, termen slightly rounded, moderately oblique ; whitish-ochreous suffused with pale-reddish ; lines dark-fuscous ; a basal line from near base of costa not reaching dorsum; a thick antemedian line from one-fourth costa to dorsum before middle ; a large discal ocellus, outlined with dark-fuscous, inside this with ochreous-brown, then with whitish-ochreous, centre ochreous-brown with a black blotch in upper half, and some pearly-white scales on veins; postmedian line from two-thirds costa very obliquely outwards, then curved iawards and dentate to dorsum at five sixths; this is followed by a thicker dentate line, irrorated with bluish-white scales, from seven-eighths costa to tornus; two parallel fine crenate lines near termen; cilia whitish-ochreous, apices fuscous. Hindwings with termen rounded ; colour as forewings, but red tinge deeper; basal lines and ocellus absent; postmedian lines wavy rather than dentate, the second line considerably thickened ; terminal lines and cilia as forewings. Type in coll. Turner. N.S. Wales, Cobar ; one specimen, received from Mr. W. W.. Froggatt. i) “I DESCRIPTIONS OF NEw AUSTRALIAN NOcTUINA, &C. By Oswatp B. Lower, F.E.S. (Lonp.), &c. [Read May 5, 1903:] BOMBYCINA. LITHOSIIN &. ELIGMA ORTHOXANTHA, 0. sp. Male, 54 mm. Head, palpi, and antenne dull drab color, head with two black dots between antenne, palpi with black spots at apices of first and second joints, thorax, with three pairs of black dots, median and lateral, a black dot on patagia. Abdomen orange, with a double dorsal series of black dots throvghout. Legs orange, tarsifuscous. Forewings elongate, moderately dilated posteriorly, costa gently arched, termen cb- tiguely rounded; pale drab, with black markings; a curved series of three dots at base; a double dot on costa at one- eighth, a second obliquely beyond and below, a third just below second ; a series of eight spots, first beneath costa at one- third; second, third, fourth, and fifth in a longitudinal row beyond and reaching to beyond two-thirds; sixth, seventh, and elghth in an oblique row immediately below fifth, the whole eight forming a more or less connected series, interspaces filled with whitish; a spot resting on lower edge of cell about middle, an elongate spot on innermargin in middle, and a dentate line between, nearer to first than second spot; a row of dots before termen, anteriorly edged with whitish ; a white blotch on costa at one-fourth, more or less continued interruptedly to three-fourths across wing ; a moderately broad transverse oblique white fascia, from [costa at five-sixths to inner margin at three-fourths, becoming divided into two parallel scalloped lines on lower two-thirds; an irregular white suffusion just beyond middle of wing; ciliadrab, with white bars. Hindwings black; apex faintly prominent; cilia whitish Wings beneath blackish. A very distinct insect, somewhat resembling some of the Yyloryctide in general appearance. Mackay, Queensland; one specimen in October. 28 LIPARID:. EvUPROCTIS PYCNADELPHA, N. sp. Male, 20 mm. Head, palpi, antenne, legs, thorax, and abdomen smoky-fuscous, thorax with) a suffused ochreous collar. Forewings elongate, triangular, costa slightly arched, termen obliquely rounded; dark smoky-fuscous; costal edge paler ; cilia smoky-fuscous, tips paler. Hindwings with termen rounded ; smoky-fuscous, paler on basal two-thirds; cilia pale smoky-fuscous. Henley Beach, South Australia; one specimen in March. This is very close to ewryzona, Lower, but the totally different coloring precludes it from being associated with that insect. I have taken but one specimen. I have now a good series of euryzona, and they are very constant. I have never met with the female, although often collecting in the same locality. NOTODONTID. STAUROPUS (?) EURYSCIA, Nl. sp. Female, 28 mm. Head, palpi, thorax, and legs blackish. Antenne and abdomen ochreous, abdomen beneath fuscous. Forewings elongate, moderate, dilated posteriorly, costa strongly arched, termen faintly waved, strongly oblique, rounded ; blackish, with black markings; a fine waved line, outwards curved above and below middle; a round spot at one-third above middle, centred with obscure white; a fine line from costa above spot, thence strongly angulated out- wards, and becoming strongly sinuate inwards to near below spot, ending on innermargin beyond middle; a strongly waved line from costaattwo-thirds to innermargin at two-thirds, curved outwards above middle, sinuate inwards below; veins towards termen outlined with black ; afine black line along termen ; cilia fuscous. Hindwings with termen unevenly waved; white; an elongate fuscous discal dot; an obscure fuscous streak from costa about middle to innermargin in middle; a waved fus- cous line from three-fourths of costa to three-fourths of inner margin, somewhat sinuate in middle; a fine fuscous line aleng termen; cilia white. A curious form ; somewhat resembling both species of Pra conis and Prorocopis (Noctuina), and also Hnone renopis, Lower (Monocteniade). Broken Hill, New South Wales; one specimen in June. 29 DREPANULID. ORETA MILTODES, 0. sp. Female, 34mm. Head, palpi, thorax, antenne, legs, and abdomen pale fieshy-ochreous, head more carmine tinged. Forewings elongate, triangular, costa strongly arched, termen strongly bowed, excised beneath apex, apex produced; pale ochreous-fuscous, strongly suffused with carmine-pink, espe- cially on terminal area, where it becomes wholly carmine-pink ; a fuscous ante-median shade, moderately broad; followed by a similar shade in middle; a nearly straight rather narrower shade from costajat three-fourths to innermargin at about three- fourths ; cilia carmine-pink. Hindwings with termen rounded ; color and cilia as in forewings; subterminal streak as in fore- wings; costa broadly grey-whitish. Mackay, Queensland; one specimen in January. GEOMETRINA. BOARMIADZ. BoARMIA XYLOTREMA, 0. Sp. Female, 38 mm. Head, palpi, antenne, thorax, legs, and abdomen light mahogany-red. Forewings elongate triangular, costa slightly arched, termen rounded, oblique; mahogany- red; a black discal spot; a fine white line, nearly straight, from costa at three-fourths to innermargin just beyond middle, edged throughout by a broad shade of darker ground color; a waved white subterminal line considerably beyond, edged ante- riorly by its own width of deeper ground color; cilia maho- gany-red. Hindwings with termen waved, rounded; color, discal, lines, and cilia as in forewings. Cooktown, Queensland ; one specimen in November. NOCTUINA. AGARISTID. ARGYROLEPIDIA UNIMACULA, 1. Sp. Female, 40 mm. Head, palpi, thorax, and abdomen light fuscous, palpi beneath greyish. Legs fuscous, banded with white. Forewings elongate, triangular, costa gently arched, termen obliquely rounded; dark brownish, with some scat- tered bluish-white scales in disc; a moderately broad white oblique transverse fascia, from costa at two-thirds to anal angle, somewhat interrupted at anal angle, broadest on upper half; some faint bluish-white scales along termen, cila fuscous. Hindwings with termen waved, rounded ; 30 blackish, somewhat bronzy tinged; a large roundish white spot in middle of wing; cilia dark fuscous, chequered with white. Reminds one of Cwru/eitincta, Lucas, but is without the ante- rior spots in both wings. Mackay, Queensland ; one specimen in October. Cruria (!) PLACODES, 0. sp. Female, 44 mm. Head, palpi, antenne, and thorax dark fuscous, head and palpi mixed with orange, thorax with two narrow anterior transverse bands. Abdomen and legs dull yellow, abdomen banded with black. Forewings elongate, triangular, costa gently arched, termen rounded, oblique; blackish ; markings pale ochreous-yellowish ; a narrow elongate spot in end of cell; a small, somewhat quadrate spot on inner- margin at one-third; a large transverse fascia-like spot, from immediately beneath costa at two-thirds to three-fourths across wing, obliquely placed ; an irregular spot on anal angle ; a quadrate spot at apex; cilia blackish. Hindwings with termen slightly waved; blackish; a large ochreous-yellow rounded basal patch, reaching half-across wing, but not reach- ing innermargin ; basal fifth of wing blackish ; a small ochreous spot beneath apex; a large ochreous spot just above anal angle; cilia as in forewings. Allied to maculosa, Roths’.. I have refrained from forming a new genus, as probably Rothschild has already done so. Tasmania, near Hobart; one specimen in March. CrurRiA (7) HEMIPHRAGMA, N. Sp. Male, 40 mm. Head, antenne, palpi, thorax, and abdomen fuscous; head with some ochreous scales, anal tuft yellow. Legs fuscous, coxe ochreous, tibie and tarsi with some whitish rings. Forewings elongate, triangular, costa gently arched, termen rounded, oblique; fuscous, with whitish markings; a row of four moderate spots just beneath costa, between base and one-third ; a similar longitudinal row of spots along vein 1, between base and two-fifths ; asmall spot inmiddleofcell; an elongate, somewhat reniform spot in end of cell; a ratner broad transverse oblique fascia, from immediately beneath costa at two-thirds to two-thirds across wing, curved around on lower half with a strong excavation on anterior edge; a few scales along termen; cilia fuscous. Hindwings with termen rounded, hardly waved; dark fuscous; a transverse whitish median band, not near reaching either margin; cilia as in fore- wings. Allied somewhat to affinis, Boisd. ——— 3] CARADRINIDZ. ACRONYCTA PSORALLINA, Nl. sp. Male, 36 mm. Head and thorax light mossy-green mixed with white. Palpi whitish, at base blackish, antenne ochreous, abdomen grey-whitish, crests fuscous. Legs fuscous, tibie and tarsi banded with whitish. Forewings elongate, moderate, costa nearly straight, apex obtuse, termen slightly waved, rounded; dull white, mixed with hght mossy-grecn and darker green; costa spotted throughout with greenish- fuscous, spots at one-fourth, middle, and four-fifths larger ; from spot in middle proceeds an irregular transverse greenish- fuscous fascia to fold, thence continued to termen above anal angle, interrupted by a sharp white streak before its termina- tion and more or less above fold; a fine black interrupted line running through centre of posterior end of greenish-fuscous streak, and with two teeth on its upper edge; from spot at four-fifths proceeds a fine curved blackish line reaching to nearly half across wing, edged anteriorly by a parallel white treak; a series of greenish lunulate marks along termen ; cilia whitish, barred with fuscous at extremities of veins. Hindwings with termen faintly waved; dull whitish; a faint fuscous discal spot; a dull coppery-reddish fascia along termen edged by a darker waved line, both becoming somewhat obso- lete at anal angle; cilia asin forewings. Underside of wings very pale greenish-white; forewing strongly suffused with dull coppery-red, except at base and along innermargin. Reminds one of Corula lichenopa, Meyr. Herberton, Queensland; one specimen. CARADRINA (?) PUDICA, N. sp. Male, 20 mm. MHead whitish. Thorax silvery-grey, collar broadly whitish. Palpi and antenne fuscous, ciliations nearly 1. Abdomen greyish ochreous. Legs pearly-white. Fore- wings elongate, moderate, termen obliquely rounded; silvery grey; veins faintly outlined with fuscous; a fine narrow whitish streak along costa, from base to beyond middle; cilia silvery grey, base darker. Hindwings with termen irregularly ‘waved ; iridescent white, infuscated on upper half of termen and apex ; cilia white. Derby, Western Australia; one specimen, in November. CARADRINA (?) LOPHOTA, N. Sp. Male, 20 mm. Head, thorax, and palpi dark fuscous, palpi whitish beneath. Antenne fuscous, ciliations one-half (abdo- men broken). Legs whitish. Forewings elongate, moderate, 32 termen gently rounded, oblique; dark fuscous; dorsal third. mixed with bluish-white towards termen, especially on upper third; a slightly raised patch of blackish scales on inner- margin near base, followed posteriorly by a double fuscous. line, indicating first line which is faintly traceable to costa at one-fourth, angulated in middle; second line traceable, but not forming definite markings; subterminal obscure, blackish, dentate ; a row of small black lunules along termen, edged pos- teriorly with fine white points; cilia blackish. Hindwings with termen rounded ; pale-ochreous, infuscated along termen ; a fuscous line along termen; cilia ochreous. The raised crest of scales ‘on forewings is a noticeable charac- ter. This and previous species will require new genera, but. as so many new genera have been recently described, and I do rot yet possess the literature, I think it better to leave the matter in abeyance for the present. Derby, Western Australia; one specimen, in November. ACONTIAD-. ERASTRIA ONTHODES. Female, 30 mm. Head, palpi, antenne, thorax, and abdo- men dark fuscous, crest of abdomen fuscous. Legs blackish. ringed with whitish. Forewings elongate, triangular, costa hardly arched, termen faintly waved, rounded; dark fuscous, markings darker fuscous, obscure; first line from one-fourth. costa to one-fourth innermargin, strongly waved; median and second, waved, hardly traceable; subterminal waved, mode- rately defined, rather thick; orbicular hardly traceable; reni- form well defined, fuscous, edged with whitish ; a row of small white dots along termen ; cilia fuscous, with blackish spots at- extremities of veins. Hindwings with termen faintly waved, rounded; fuscous, becoming lighter on basal half; a short whitish line, edged above and below by its own width of blackish, just above anal angle; a series of blackish lunulate marks along termen, edged above with obscure whitish marks ;. cilia hght fuscous. Recalls Fuplexia confundens, Walk., in general appearance.. Duaringa, Queensland ; one specimen. TARACHE LUNATA, Il. Sp. Male, 25 mm. Head, palpi, thorax, and abdomen fuscous, mixed with whitish. Antenne broken. Legs whitish, tibie- and tarsi ringed with blackish. Forewings elongate, trian- gular, costa arched at base, thence nearly straight, termen rather strongly bowed; oblique; fuscous, with silvery-whitish. do markings, edged with fuscous; an elongate-lunate mark just below costa in middle; a moderately large quadrate spot on innermargin near base reaching more than half across wing, its posterior extremity continued along fold as an elongate spot to middle; an irregularly waved transverse fascia, from four-fifths costa to innermargin just before anal angle, strongly sinuate outwards on upper two-thirds, and more or less widely furcate on lower one-third ; cilia fuscous. Hindwings light fuscous ; a whitish spot in middle of wing; costa broadly dull whitish ; an interrupted whitish line along termen; cilia fuscous. . An exceptionally distinct species. Lake Mulligan, Central South Australia; one specimen in November. 'TARACHE MICRASTIS, Nl. Sp. Male, 16mm. Head, palpi, antenne, thorax, and abdomen dark fuscous. Legs greyish. Forewings elongate, moderate, costa gently arched, termen oblique, hardly rounded; dark fuscous; first line double, dull ferruginous, waved on lower half; median shade moderately thick, dark fuscous, broadest on upper half; second line, double fine, black, strongly curved outwards on upper two-thirds; orbicular small, whitish, edged blackish ; reniform dull whitish, similarly edged; a roundish blackish spot on costa before apex; a fine black line along termen ; cilia fuscous, basal half darker, with a median blackish parting line. Hindwings with termen rounded; fuscous, becoming paler on basal half; cilia fuscous, with a darker subbasal line. Tennant’s Creek, Central South Australia; one specimen in November. TARACHE NEUROTA, Ni. Sp. Male, 20 mm. Head, palpi, antenne, thorax, legs, and abdomen ochreous-white. Forewings elongate, triangular, costa gently arched, termen obliquely rounded, ochreous- white, markings reddish ferruginous; a small mark at base ; a waved line from costa at one-third to innermargin at one- third, becoming broadly dilated in middle; a second similar line, curved outwards on upper two-thirds, from costa at two-thirds to innermargin at two-thirds; subterminal lne rather thick, more or less interrupted throughout by streaks of ground color; a thick line along termen; cilia ochreous. Hindwings light ochreous;.a suffused fuscous discal spot; a transverse fuscous post median line; a parallel subterminal similar line, more suffused; cilia pchreous. Cooktown, Queensland; one specimen. 34 . CHURIA THERMODES, 0. sp. Male and female, 28-30 mm. Head, antenne, and thorax light reddish-ochreous, palpi whitish-ochreous. Abdomen light ochreous. Legs reddish-ochreous, dusted with whitish. Forewings elongate, triangular, costa hardly arched, termen obliquely rounded, very faintly sinuate beneath apex; light reddish-ochreous, costa lighter ochreous, shortly strigulated with reddish, more perceptible in female; orbicular and reni- form dot like, white, hardly traceable in male; cilia reddish- ochreous. Hindwings with termen unevenly waved; light ochreous, becoming finely irrorated with reddish on posterior half; cilia whitish, with a fuscous subbasal line on upper half of termen. The coloring of the sexes is somewhat different, the male being much more ochreous than the female, which is strongly suffused with reddish, but intermediate forms occur. Tennant’s Creek, Central South Australia; two specimens in November. I have seen others from the same locality. ZAGIRA XYLONOTA, 0. sp. Male, 20 mm. Head, palpi, antenne, and thorax reddish, mixed with white. Abdomen greyish, crests reddish. Legs whitish. Forewings elongate, triangular, costa hardly arched, termen somewhat bowed, especially in middle; dull whitish, suffusedly irrorated with light reddish, so as to appear pale reddish throughout; costal edge reddish; all markings obsolete; posterior sixth of wing darker reddish, especially along termen; cilia reddish-ferruginous. Hindwings with ter- men irregularly and ‘faintly waved; pale whitish-ochreous, faintly reddish tinged along termen; cilia ochreous, tinged with reddish. Mackay, Queensland ; one specimen in November. AMYNA SPILONOTA, N. gp. Female, 25 mm. Head, palpi, antennez, and thorax dull greyish. Abdomen greyish-white. Legs greyish. Forewings elongate, triangular, costa slightly arched, termen hardly rounded, oblique ; pale greyish-fuscous, markings obscure ; first line fuscous, waved, hardly perceptible; median appearing as a short oblique fuscous shade, just reaching anterior edge of reniform spot; second line fuscous from costa just above reni- form, thence curved outwards, strongly waved, and terminat- ing on innermargin at two-thirds ; costa between line and apex with five or six ochreous-white spots, separated by fuscous 35 marks; subterminal thick, light fuscous, sinuate outwards above and below middle; orbicular moderate, whitish, blackish edged; reniform whitish edged anteriorly with blackish, pos- teriorly with fuscous; a series of blackish lunate marks edged with ochreous-white along termen; cilia whitish, fuscous tinged. Hindwings with termen faintly waved ; light fuscous, at base lighter; lunate marks as in forewings; cilia as in fore- wings. Tennant’s Creek, Central South Australia; one specimen in November. ° DIERNA ACHROA, 0. sp. Male, 35 mm. Head, palpi, antenne, thorax, legs, and abdomen light ochreous-fuscous, palpi fuscous on sides, hairs of posterior legs long, greyish. Forewings elongate, triangular, costa nearly straight, termen angulated in middle, slightly sinuate above and below; dull ochreous, fuscous tinged; an outwardly oblique moderately thick fuscous shade from costa before middle to reniform spot; a similar, more indistinct shade from costa at about three-fourths to lower extremity oi preceding shade, thus forming an irregular triangle and enclosing reniform, which is obscurely outlined with ferru- ginous; a moderately thick subterminal fuscous streak, from costa at five-sixths to innermargin before anal angle, becoming divided by a fine line of ground color on lower half, slightly angulated in middle; a row of irregular fuscous dots along termen; cilia dull ochreous. Hindwings with termen angu- lated in middle; color and dots along termen as in forewings ; subterminal streak fuscous, straight, centred throughout with a fine line of ground color, from five-sixths of costa to inner- margin before anal angle; cilia as in forewings. Mackay, Queensland ; one specimen in November. CALLYNA LEUCONOTA, Ni. sp. Male, 40 mm. Head, palpi, antenne, and thorax dark fus- cous, posterior two-thirds of thorax much paler. Abdomen fuscous. Legs dull reddish-fuscous. Forewings elongate, moderate, costa hardly arched, termen unevenly rounded ; fuscous, markings dark fuscous; a well defined large cuneiform patch near base; its apex directed towards innermargin, but not near reaching it, outer edge with a sharp short angulation below costa and with a strong concavity below; a fine light fuscous line, from costa at about middle to innermargin before two-thirds, strongly angulated above middle; from angulation proceeds a rather thick straight streak to meet subterminal 36 spots; subterminal streak formed by a series of moderately large triangular spots not reaching innermargin ; ground color between first and subterminal lines dark fuscous on upper half of wing; a roundish ochreous-white patch at apex; a faintly defined row of small ochreous spots along termen ; cilia dark fuscous, at apex ochreous-white. Hindwings with termen waved; dark bronzy-fuscous; cilia whitish, with a fuscous subbasal line, becoming wholly fuscous at apex. In the neighborhood of costeplaga, Moore. Mackay and Brisbane, Queensland ; one specimen. GADIRTHRA HADES, 0. sp. Female, 36 mm. Head, palpi, antenne, and thorax dark fuscous, palpi beneath ochreous. Abdomen greyish-ochreous. Legs greyish-fuscous, tarsi black, ringed with whitish. Fore- wings elongate, triangular, costa gently arched, termen waved, rounded ; dark smoky-fuscous; all markings obscured by gene- ral ground color, except subterminal which is strongly dentate and whitish; veins towards termen more or less outlined with blackish ; cilia dark smoky-fuscous. Hindwings with termen waved ; pale ochreous; a fuscous lunate discal mark; a broad fuscous band along termen occupying posterior half of wing ; indications of an ochreous line along termen; cilia ochreous, mixed with fuscous on middle of termen and at extremities of veins. | The specimen not being in the best of condition, the description will probably need amplifying. Mackay, Queensland; one specimen in November. IscHYJA POLYSTIGMA, N. sp. Female, 54 mm. Head, palpi, thorax, and abdomen dark fuscous, sparsely irrorated with whitish and with a bluish metallic tinge. Legs greyish-ochreous. Forewings elongate, triangular, costa moderately arched, termen gently rounded, slightly waved; dark fuscous, tinged with bluish metallic re- flections, and sparsely irrorated with bluish white scales; lines obscure, dark fuscous; first nearly straight, anteriorly edged with three moderate ochreous-white spots, one below costa, one in middle, and one above innermargin; median not traceable ; second strongly curved outwards in middle, sinuate above and below and edged posteriorly throughout by a series of mode- rate ochreous-white spots; subterminal thick, waved, almost similar and parallel to second line; veins towards termen faintly outlined with ochreous; cilia dark fuscous, with ochreous dots at extremities of veins. Hindwings with’ termen 37 as in forewings ; color and cilia as in forewings, but basal third of wing and along costa much paler and” without any -bluish-metallic tinge. Mackay, @iecnsland 3; one specimen in October. OPHIUSID. HAMODES PSEUDOPTERA, N. sp. Male, 64 mm. Head and thorax light ochreous-fuscous, collar black. Antennz fuscous. Palpi dark fuscous. Legs and abdomen dark fuscous, anterior coxe ochreous-fuscous. Forewings elongate, triangular, costa faintly sinuate, termen strongly rounded, continuous with innermargin; bright ochreous-fuscous; a round fuscous spot in cell; an inwardly oblique blackish fascia, from costa before middle to half across wing, narrowed beneath; a dark fuscous shade from costa at three-fourths, thence curved and narrowed down to below middle of wing, inclining to be continued to innermargin at half, edged on lower portion by a very fine white line and posterior to that by a moderate ochreous-shade; ground color beyond dark fuscous, separation well defined, leaving a roundish spot of ground color between veins 6 and 7; reniform faintly indicated ; an obscure series of fuscous lunate marks along termen; cilia ochreous. Hindwings with apex some- what prominent; termen nearly straight; dark chestnut, suf- fusedly irrorated with dark fuscous; basal half of wing semi- transparent; cilia as in forewings. Underside of all wings thickly clothed with blackish hairs, except along innermargin of forewings, which is semi-hyaline, and has a tuft of ochreous hairs at base. A peculiar looking insect, and very different to any other Australian Voctua known to me; the absence of scales on the basal portion of hindwings is a noticeable point of distinction, and the hairy underside of wings is another curious character. Cooktown, Queensland; one specimen in October. OPHIUSA DIAGARMMA, Ni. Sp. Female, 34 mm. Head, palpi, antenne, thorax, oo and abdomen fuscous. Forewings elongate, moderate, costa nearly straight, termen faintly waved, obliquely rounded; dark fus- cous; an oblique narrow ochreous streak from one-fourth costa to one-third innermargin, edged anteriorly with a blackish shade; a similar streak from costa at two-thirds to innermargin at three-fourths, strongly bowed outwards on middle third, edged anteriorly by a broad fuscous-blackish shade, which 38 becomes smoky-brown on anterior half; a blackish-fuscous apical patch, becoming lighter anteriorly and finely edging second line posteriorly throughout; ground color beyond suf- fused with whitish ; cilia fuscous, with a darker fuscous median line and black spots at extremities of veins. Hindwings with termen slightly waved, rounded; dark fuscous; an obscure whitish transverse ante-median fascia, obscure on lower half; an obscure whitish elongate patch on termen towards anal angle; cilia white, becoming fuscous at apex and middle of termen. : Mackay, Queensland ; Derby, Western Australia; two speci- mens in October and November. OPHIUSA MONOGONA, N. sp. Female, 46 mm. Head, palpi, and thorax light fuscous, palpi darker beneath. Antenne ochreous. Abdomen greyish-ochreous. Legs fuscous, tibie and tarsi banded with whitish. Forewings elongate, moderate, costa nearly straight, termen faintly waved, obliquely rounded ; light ochreous-fus- cous; a fine obscure fuscous line at one-sixth, a second, nearly straight, and edged anteriorly with its own width of dull ochreous, from costa at one-fourth to about one-third cf inner- margin; a small whitish dot below costa beyond; a fine ochreous line from costa at three-fourths to innermargin before anal angle, with a strong outward projection above middle, and strongly curved inwards below; groundcolor between second and this line becoming fuscous especially on post-median portion, which appears to be divided by a faint fuscous trans- verse line throughout; a dull fuscous-reddish triangular apical spot; a fuscous line along termen; cilia fuscous. Hindwings with rounded, waved; dark fuscous; indications of two faint whitish postmedian lines, space between darker fuscous; cilia white, becoming fuscous on median portion. Underside of all wings pale ochreous-fuscous. Somewhat allied to melicerte, Dru., but the form of the lines is totally different. Mackay, Queensland ; one specimen in November. GRAMMODES CALLIXERIS, 0. sp. Female, 36mm. Head, palpi, and thorax fuscous, antenne whitish, abdomen ochreous. Legs fuscous-whitish. Fore- wings elongate, triangular, costa hardly arched, termen straight on upper two-thirds, thence rounded to anal angle; fuscous- whitish, costal edge broadly whitish, strongly irrorated with 39 fuscous; a large dark fuscous triangular patch lying on inner margin, apex reaching nearly to costa; anterior edge from just before base, edged with a iine of ochreous-white posterior edge, slightly sinuate, terminating on innermargin at three- fourths, with a sharp angulation above innermargin, sinuate portion edged as on anterior edge; a fuscous triangular spot on costa near apex continued as a line to middle of wing; an obscure subterminal fuscous line; faint fuscous line along ter- men; cilia dark fuscous. Hindwings with termen rounded ; bright orange; a black band along termen, broadest at apex, and indented before anal angle. ; The British Museum has this species unnamed from Port Darwin. Cooktown, Queensland ; one specimen in November. FoDINA CHRYSOMERA, N. sp. Female, 28 mm. MHead, palpi, and thorax dark fuscous, patagia whitish. Antenne ochreous, fillet whitish. Ab- domen yellow. Legs ochreous. Forewings elongate, trian- gular, costa almost straight, termen nearly rectangular, black, with reddish-ochreous markings, somewhat carmine-tinged ; a moderately thick oblique streak from innermargin close to base just below middle of costa; a broad oblique streak from apex of preceding streak to termen just above anal angle, thus enclos- ing a large triangular patch of ground color, which is only separated from innermargin by a streak of yellowish, which is continued the whole length of innermargin; a narrow trans- verse streak from costa at four-fifths to posterior extremity of second streak, gently curved outwards on upper half; a narrow streak along termen ; cilia blackish. Hindwings with termen rounded ; bright orange ; a moderate black band along termen, containing a streak of crimson along lower half; cilia as in forewings. | Broken Hill, New South Wales; one specimen in March. NOCTULINA. CoRULA (?) MESOLEUCA, 0. Sp. Male, 30 mm. ~— Head, palpi, and thorax light fuscous. An- tenn, abdomen, and legs grey. Forewings elongate, triaa- gular, costa moderately arched, termen rounded; light brownish ; a pair of nearly parallel dark fuscous lines, first at one-fourth, second just beyond, limiting median patch, and tending to be furcate on lower third; ground color between last line and base somewhat darker than rest of wing; a rather 40 broad transverse white fascia in middle of wing reaching both margins, much dilated on lower half; anterior edge straight ; posterior edge dentate; a suffused dentate fuscous subterminal line, dentations appearing to be continued along veins towards termen; cilia whitish, basal half fuscous, spotted with dark fuscous at extremities of veins. Hindwings with termen rounded ; dull whitish, suffused with light fuscous along ter- men, and more broadly towards apex; cilia whitish, with a fuscous parting line. Not unlike specimens of Wola, (Nolide). Cooktown, Queensland ; one specimen. CoRULA HYPOTHERMA, Nl. Sp. Female,26mm. Head, palpi, and thorax ashy-grey. An- tenne fuscous. Abdomen reddish. Legs grey-whitish, tibize and tarsi fuscous, ringed with whitish. Forewings elongate, dilated posteriorly, costa gently arched, termen oblique, bowed in middle; ashy-grey-fuscous, becoming whitish in middle of wing; lines blackish; rather obscure; an oblique line from one-fourth of costa to one-fourth of innermargin; a second, finely dentate throughout, nearly straight, from costa at about two-thirds to innermargin before two-thirds, slightly angu- lated in middle; subterminal nearly straight, white pre- ceded by a fuscous shade ; a row of black dots before and paral- lel to termen ; cilia flesh color. Hindwings with termen some- what sinuate in middle, at apex and above innermargin some- what prominent; dull fleshy-red ; a broad, blackish band along termen ; cilia as in forewings. Mackay, Queensland ; one specimen in December. FOCILLID. ZETHES SYNDESMA, N. Sp. Male, 26 mm. Mead and thorax greyish-fuscous. Palpi fuscous. Abdomen grey. Antenne fuscous. Legs white, tarsi fuscous, banded with whitish. Forewings elongate, trian- gular, costa hardly arched, termen dentate, strongly angu- lated in middle; greyish, irregularly suffused with fuscous, especially median third of wing, which is limited anteriorly by a curved suffused line at one-third, and posteriorly by den- tate line two-thirds of costa to beyond middle of innermargin curved outwards on upper half, a waved dull whitish subter- minal from costa at four-fifths to innermargin- before anal angle, edged posteriorly by its own width of fus cous; ground color between this and posterior line of median band much lighter and clearer; ground color beyond subter- 4] minal, darker fuscous on upper half; a short whitish oblique streak from apex; an indistinct row of fuscous dots before termen ; cilia greyish, with a fuscous median line. Hindwings with termen dentate; pale slaty-grey, becoming hght fuscous on basal fourth; lines and dots as in forewings, lines rather indistinct; cilia greyish. Mackay, Queensland ; one specimen in November. HGNASIA PSAMMOCHROA, 0. Sp. Male, 30 mm. Head and thorax greyish-ochreous. Palpi grey-whitish, coxe ochreous, abdomen greyish-ochreous. Fore- wings elongate, triangular, costa hardly arched, termen some- what bowed, oblique, faintly sinuate beneath apex; ochreous, suffused with light fuscous; a fine obscure fuscous line from one-third of costa to innermargin at one-fourth, hardly trace- able on lower half; a fine fuscous dentate line from costa at four-fifths to innermargin at two-thirds, gently curved out- wards throughout, followed on costa by a minute whitish spot, a similar spot on costa at five-sixths, from which proceeds a subterminal row of small black dots, parallel to ter- men ; ground color between dots and line tinged with ochreous ferruginous; orbicular small, obscure, whitish ; reniform elon- gate, narrow, strongly indented in middle, edged above and below by a short median shade, which reaches costa, but not innermargin ; cilia greyish-ochreous. Hindwings with termen faintly angulated in middle; first, subterminal lines and dots as in forewings; cilia as in forewings. Underside of hind- wings with small whitish discal ring edged with fuscous. Mackay, Queensland; one specimen in December. THERMESIIDZ:. CAPNODES NIPHOMACULA, 01. Sp. Female, 36 mm. Head, palpi, antenne, thorax, legs, and abdomen light brownish-ochreous, palpi with a snow-white spot at apex of terminal joint, antenne with a snow-white spot at base of antenne, legs and abdomen ochreous beneath. Fore- wings elongate, triangular, costa gently arched, termen rounded, oblique; light brownish-ochreous; markings snow- white ; a spot on base of costa ;a second on base of inner- margin; a third on costa at one-fourth, another on costa be- yond middle; a fifth in disc below third; sixth on fold ob- liquely below fifth; a seventh on fold just beyond; and a ccurved row of about six smaller ones in middle of wing at about two-thirds from base ; an obscure series of small whitish- 42 fuscous along termen ; cilia fuscous. Hindwings with termen- rounded ; color and cilia as in forewings; curved series and dots along termen as in forewings. Mackay, Queensland; one specimen in October. MECODINA ASBOLHA, 0. Sp. Male, 36mm. MHead,thorax, and abdomen dark smoky-fus- cous. Palpi ochreous, terminal joint obscurely ringed with light fuscous, second joint broadly dark fuscous at base. An- tenne ochreous-fuscous. Forewings elongate, triangular, costa hardly arched, termen waved, obliquely rounded ; dark smoky- fuscous; all markings obscured, but there appear to be some: darker waved lines, only noticeable on margin and terminal area of wing; cilia fuscous, with some ochreous spots at ex- tremities of veins. Hindwings with termen waved, rounded ; color, markings, and cilia as in forewings; an indistinct waved ochreous line, from below apex to innermargin before anal angle. Underside of forewings ochreous-fuscous, mixed with grey-whitish ; orbicular round, moderate, blackish ; reniform elongate, rather narrow, blackish; a nearly straight rich blackish line, from costa at two-thirds to innermargin at two- thirds, slightly angulated in middle; area of wing between this and termen much more fuscous, with an ochreous waved sub- terminal line. Hindwings deep ochreous-fuscous ; two or three- blackish waved streaks from innermargin in middle; ochreous line of upperside strongly reproduced and much more distinct, edged anteriorly by a broad rich fuscous shade. An obscurely marked species above, but very clearly marked beneath. Cooktown, Queensland ; one specimen in October. MECODINA SEMOPHORA, Nl. Sp. Male,40 mm. Head, palpi, thorax, legs, and abdomen dark fuscous, palpi internally ochreous, thorax darker anteriorly, tarsi with whitish rings. Antenne fuscous, pectinations ochreous. Forewings elongate, triangular, costa gently arched, termen oblique, slightly rounded ; dark ochreous-fuscous ; lines darker fuscous, rather obscure, first waved, from about one- fifth costa to one-fourth innermargin ; median nearly straight ; second very faint, curved outwards above middle and slightly angulated above innermargin; subterminal bowed outwards in middle, sinuate above and below, dot-like and more or less edged posteriorly with ochreous; a row of obscure fuscous dots along termen; reniform ovoid, deep black; cilia fuscous. Hindwings with termen rounded, faintly waved; eolor and 43 markings as in forewings, but subterminal entire and better defined ; cilia as in forewings. Cooktown, Queensland ; one specimen in October. ERASTRIAN &. RAPARNA MARMOREA, UN. gp. Female, 25 mm. Head, palpi, antenne, thorax, and abdo- men light reddish-ochreous. Legs greyish. Forewings elon- gate, moderate, costa hardly arched, termen rounded, oblique, apex somewhat prominent; ochreous, mixed with dull reddish ; two or three irregular streaks of dull reddish from costa. to- wards innermargin ; two small black dots, transversely placed, in middle of disc; a broad coppery-purplish patch, outer edge nearly straight from costa at apex to innermargin at one- fourth, dark anteriorly, and containing a large roundish spot of ground color at anal angle, mixed with reddish and with a fine waved whitish line, indicating subterminal, in middle; a fine bluish-metallic waved line, from costa before apex to innermargin at two-thirds, indented at one-third and with a strong sinuation below middle; a row of blackish dots before termen, more or less edged posteriorly with dull purplish flecks ; cilia ochreous, at base blackish. Hindwings with ter- men waved, prominent in middle and below apex; light cop- pery purplish; basal one-sixth of wing ochreous, separation well defined ; a post-median band of light reddish orange, con- taining on innermargin near a short irregular streak of deep reddish scales; blackish dots along termen as in forewings ; a fine fuscous line along termen; cilia dull reddish-orange. A. beautifully marked insect. Duaringa, Queensland ; one specimen in November. RAPARNA BYRSOPA, 0. Sp. Female, 24 mm. Head, palpi, and thorax blackish, head and thorax mixed with dull whitish, palpi internally dull- ochreous. Antenne fuseous. Legs gyeyish. Forewings elongate, triangular, costa slightly arched, termen slightly waved, rounded; blackish-fuscous, crossed by several waved irregular transverse dull whitish lines; all markings except median line obscured by general ground color; median line moderately thick, black angulated outwards above middle, from before middle of costa to before middle of innermargin ; subterminal line dull whitish, moderately prominent, waved ; a row of sharply defined black dots along termen, preceded by a row of similar sized whitish dots; cilia dark fuscous. Huind- wings with termen waved; color, markings, and cilia as in (44 forewings; first line just traceable and containing in its centre a roundish ring of blackish scales. Cooktown, Queensland ; one specimen in December. METACHROSTIS SCIAPTERA, N. Sp. Male, 22mm. Head, palpi, antenne, thorax, and abdomen fuscous, abdomen darker, anal tuft greyish-ochreous. Legs dark fuscous, more or less ringed with whitish-ochreous. Forewings elongate, triangular, costaslightly arched, termen oblique, faintly waved ; light fuscous, median two-thirds of wing dark fuscous, limited anteriorly by first line, posteriorly by second line; first line waved, becoming dark fuscous below middle; median gently curved throughout, fine, waved; second from costa just above reniform to just beyond two-thirds of innermargin, with a strong angulation. beneath costa, thence oblique to termina- tion; orbicular indistinct; reniform large, placed somewhat obliquely, whitish, edged on either side with a short patch of dark fuscous; subterminal absent; area of wing beyond lighter than rest; a row of small black marks along termen; cilia light fuscous. Hindwings light fuscous; base slightly clothed with greyish-ochreous hairs; cilia fuscous-whitish. Mackay, Queensland; one specimen in October. BLEPTINA ODONTIAS, 0. sp. Male, 30 mm. Head, palpi, thorax, antenne, and abdo- men light ochreous-fuscous. Legs ochreous, tibie and tarsi dark fuscous. Forewings elongate, triangular; costa gently arched, termen not waved, obliquely rounded ; light ochreous, faintly tinged with fuscous; lines fuscous, very fine, obscure ; first waved, indented below costa and slightly angulated out- wards above innermargin; median not traceable; second nearly straight, strongly dentate throughout, slightly curved beneath costa; subterminal grey-whitish, waved; angulated outwards above and below middle, and edged anteriorly by a narrow fuscous shade, and posteriorly by a similar shade, ex- cepting in middle; “a row of small black marks along termen ; cilia ochreous. Hindwings with termen rounded; a fuscous discal spot; second, subterminal line and shades and dots as in forewings, but dots more elongate; cilia ochreous. Mackay, Queensland ; one specimen in October. PLUSIADA. PROCONIS EULOPHA, Ni. sp. Male, 28mm. Head, palpi, and thorax cinereous-fuscous, antennz fuscous, pectinations 6, ochreous. Legs and abdomen 45 greyish-ochreous, crest of abdomen fuscous. Forewings elon- gate, moderate, costa moderately arched, termen waved, rounded ; cinereous-fuscous, markings black; a fine line from costa at one-third to innermargin at one-third, strongly sinuate inwards in middle, angulated above innermargin; a fine thrice-waved line from anterior edge of reniform to three- fourths innermargin ; a twice-waved line from costa at three- fourths curved around strongly to lower edge of reniform, some short oblique strigulations along costa; a fine waved line along termen ; orbicular indistinct ; reniform elongate, outlined with a fine black line; cilia cinereoustuscous. Hindwings with termen unevenly waved; white; a fine fuscous line along termen ; cilia white, with some blackish points at extremities of veins. é Broken Hill, New South Wales ; one specimen in May. PROROCOPIS STENOTA, Nl. sp. Female, 25 mm. Head, palpi, antenne, and thorax ashy- grey-fuscous, palpi beneath grey-whitish. Legs and abdomen whitish. Forewings elongate, dilated posteriorly, costa hardly arched, termen waved, oblique; ashy-grey-whitish, more or less very finely strigulated with blackish ; a fine nearly straight black line fromi costa at one-sixth to three-fourths across wing ; a nearly straight thicker black line, from one-third of costa to one-third innermargin; a moderately thick black line from costa at about two-thirds to about two-thirds across wing, thence curved up to near costa and thence curved again and returning to innermargin beyond two-thirds; a suffused nearly straight blackish line between first and second lines; submar- ginal line obscure, preceded by two or three similar lines, most noticeable on innermargin; a fine shortly waved black line from apex, thence curved outwards and ending on termen above anal angle; a short blackish line at anal angle; a fine black waved line along! termen ; cilia ashy-grey-whitish. Hind- wings with termen rounded, faintly waved; white; a mode- rately broad blackish band along termen, upper edge almost straight; line along termen as in forewings; cilia white. Underside of forewing silvery-whitish, with a fuscous apical atch. 7 Broken Hill, New South Wales; one specimen in October. PROROCOPIS ADELOPIS, Nl. Sp. Male, 27 mm. Head, palpi, antenne, and thorax cinereous- grey, palpi beneath whitish, thorax with an erect dense pos- terior crest. Abdomen whitish-grey, with a blackish crest on 46 basal segment. Legs whitish-fuscous, tibie and tarsi dark fuscous, suffusedly banded with whitish. Forewings elongate, dilated posteriorly, costa gently arched, termen faintly waved, oblique ; cinereous-grey ; markings black, rather obscure ; first close to base, with two acute angulations below costa, thence curved around and ending on innermargin at one-sixth ; a simi- lar line, from costa At one-third to innermiargin at one- third ; a faint blackish-edged whitish spot below costa beyond, indicating orbicular ; reniform large outlined with fine black line, and filled in with cinereous-grey ; second line from costa before reniform, thence along upper edge of same, and thence very strongly curved outwards to considerably beyond, and again returning to lower edge of reniform, thence sinuate in- wards, finally ending on innermargin at fourfifths; subter- minal obscure, waved, hardly traceable; a waved line along termen; cilia ashy-grey-fuscous. Hindwings with termen - faintly waved, rounded ; dull! white ; a faint fuscous band along termen; cilia white. Underside of forewings silvery-whitish without markings. Allied to the preceding, but the angulated first and median lines and almost unicolorous hindwings are good distinctive points. Broken Hill, New South Wales; one specimen in October. PROROCOPIS LEUCOCROSSA, Nn. Sp. Male, 28mm. Head, palpi, antenne, and thorax cinereous- grey, palpi whitish beneath. Legs whitish, tibiz and tarsi fus- cous, obscurely banded with whitish. Abdomen ochreous-fus- cous. Forewings elongate, moderately dilated posteriorly ; termen waved, obliquely rounded; lines black, fairly well de- fined; a short outwards line at one-sixth of costa; first line moderately and evenly curved outwards, with a slight projec- tion above middle; median line indistinct, only noticeable on costa ; second line and reniform spot formed as in adelopis ; a very pale whitish transverse streak from costa at five-sixths to more than two-thirds across wing; subterminal obscure, fuscous, just beyond; a waved black line along termen; cilia cinereous-grey, with fuscous streaks at extremities of veins. Hindwings with termen gently waved; whitish-fuscous, pos- terior half of wing fuscous, deeper along termen ; cilia white. Very close to the previous species, but differs in shape and form of lines, and absence of crests. Broken Hill, New South Wales; one specimen in October. 47 HYPENIN &. AVITTA EURRHOA, N. sp. Female, 54mm. Head, palpi, antenne, thorax, and abdo- men ochreousfuscous, palpi dark fuscous externally. Legs dark fuscous, anterior tibiz ochreous-whitish. Forewings elon- gate, triangular, costa hardly arched, termen rounded; ochreous-fuscous ; markings fuscous, moderately developed; a short curved mark near base of costa; a moderately broad fascia from costa at one-fourth to innermargin at one-fourth ; a parallel fascia from costa at about one-fourth to innermargin at one-fourth ; a broader fascia from costa at about two-thirds to middle of innermargin, anterior edge oblique, darker fuscous, with a slight angulation above innermargin, posterior edge obscure, slightly angulated in middle; a broad band along terminal third of wing, anterior edge irregular, sinuate in middle, from costa at four-fifths to innermargin at about two- thirds ; a row of obscure fuscous dots along termen; cilia fus- cous. Hindwings unevenly waved; dark, fuscous, hghter or basal third and with some scattered blackish strigule towards terminal area; cilia fuscous. Mackay, Queensland; one specimen in October. LABANDA AMABILIS, N. sp. Female,36mm. Head and thorax fuscous, suffusedly mixed with mossy-green. Antenne and palpi fuscous. Abdomen and legs ochreous-orange, legs beneath whitish. Forewings elongate, triangular costa gently arched, termen rounded ; dark fuscous, strongly and suffusedly mixed with moss-green and whitish scales ; markings fuscous, tolerably well developed ; a waved line from costa at one-fifth of costa to one-fifth inner- margin ; median line, strongly waved and with strong inden- tations below costa and above innermargin; ground color be- tween first and median lines darker fuscous; second line, strongly dentate throughout and with a tri-dentate projection in middle, edged above and below mixed with whitish scales, more pronounced on lower portion; subterminal moderately straight, rather obscure on upper half; a short upwardly ob- lique streak from about middle of termen to above middle ot subterminal; a short streak along upper third of termen; a fine line along termen; cilia blackish. Hindwings with ter- men rounded; bright orange; a fuscous band along termen, broadest at apex and gradually narrowing to extremity; cilia fuscous. _A handsome and easily recognised species. Mackay, Queensland; one specimen in October. I have seen a specimen from Cooktown, Queensland. 48 XANTHOPTERA EUCHRYSA, N. Sp. Female, 20 mm. JHead, palpi, antenne, and thorax duil reddish-fuscous. Abdomen and legs whitish, abdomen reddish- tinged. Forewings elongate-triangular, costa hardly arched, termen oblique, slightly prominent in middle; dull ochreous- brownish ; lines whitish, waved, edged anteriorly with fuscous ; first twice curved, very close to base; median with three nearly even curves, from before middle of costa to before middle of innermargin; a subterminal waved white line, anteriorly edged with fuscous, from costa before apex to innermargin before three-fourths; orbicular white, fuscous, ringed with white ; reniform large, white, centred with light fuscous; ter- minal area of wing whitish-fuscous; a fuscous line along ter- men; cilia fuscous. Hindwings with termen rounded; fus- cous; cilia as in forewings. Cooktown, Queensland ; one specimen in October. XANTHOPTERA MACROSEMA, N. Sp. Female, 24mm. Head, palpi, antenne, and thorax fuscous, palpi with two fuscous bands. Legs fuscous. Abdomen greyish. Forewings elongate, triangular, costa slightly arched, termen hardly waved, obliquely rounded; fuscous, suffusedly irrorated on either side of median third with fine whitish scales; first line dentate, black; a dull whitish mark on costa at one-fourth, from posterior edge which precedes median line to just beyond one-third of innermargin; second line curved outwards on upper half, sinuate on lower half, edged anteriorly on upper half by short streaks of black, which become more elongate on lower half; a parallel row of fine white points. immediately beyond second line; subterminal irregularly waved, sinuate above and below middle, more or less edged anteriorly with blackish streaks; a row of lunate marks along termen; cilia fuscous. Hindwings with termen unevenly waved, faintly indicated; fuscous; cilia greyish, with a fus- cous median line. Brisbane, Queensland; one specimen in October. MECISTOPTERA LITHOCHROA, Nl. Sp. Female, 24 mm. MHead, palpi, antenne, thorax, legs, and abdomen whitish. Forewings elongate, triangular, costa gently arched, apex produced, termen prominent in middle, sinuate beneath apex; dull whitish, with a few scattered fus— cous scales; an interrupted subterminal row of small suffused. blackish spots, most prominent below costa, where there are two larger in middle; a fine fuscous line along termen; cilia 49 grey-whitish. Hindwings with termen rounded ; dull whitish, faintly fuscous-tinged on posterior half; cilia as in forewings. Duaringa, Queensland ; one specimen in December. Hyprena (?) RHYNCHOPHORA. Male, 14mm. Head, palpi, antenne, thorax, and abdomen greyish-fuscous, palpi darker internally, antenne strongly bi- ciliated. Legs dull whitish. Forewings elongate, triangular, costa moderately arched, termen oblique; light fuscous; lines blackish, more or less interrupted into spots; first moderately straight; median angulated above middle, from middle of costa to just beyond middle of innermargin, edged posteriorly -by some whitish dots, becoming ochreous on angulation; an outwards curved line in disc at two-thirds, with one or two white dots posteriorly; a row of elongate dots along termen, faintly edged anteriorly with whitish ; orbicular, fuscous, spot- like; reniform represented by the ochreous spot on angulation of median line; cilia ochreousfuscous. Hindwings fuscous, lighter on basal half; cilia as in forewings. Not unlike some species of Sorocostia (Nolide). Cooktown, Queensland; one specimen in November. HYPENA MELASTICTA, N. sp. Male, 30 mm. Head, palpi, antenne, thorax, legs, and abdomen dark smoky-fuscous. Forewings elongate, triangular, costa hardly arched, termen faintly waved, apex somewhat pointed, more or less bowed in middle; dark smoky-fuscous ; first and median lines obscured ; second line from costa beyond two-thirds to innermargin beyond two-thirds, with two angula- tions above and below middle, edged posteriorly by a fine line of dull ochreous; wing from this line to base*darker than rest; two black posteriorly whitish edged spots beneath costa near apex ; and indications of two or three similar spots below ; terminal area of wing irregularly mixed with bluish-white minute scales; a fine fuscous line along termen ; cilia fuscous, with faint ochreous points at extremities of veins. Haind- wings with termen slightly waved, rounded; dark fuscous, somewhat bronzy-tinged ; cilia as in forewings. Mackay, Queensland ; one specimen in October. PYRALIDINA. GALLERIAN &. MELISSOBLAPTES AGRAMMA, 0. Sp. Female, 16 mm. Head, palpi, antenne, and thorax cine- reous-grey. Abdomen greyish-ochreous, with some silvery- 50 white scales. Legs greyish. Forewings rather narrow, elon- gate, costa strongly arched, termen very oblique; cinereous- grey, with a few black scales, and indications of whitish inter- neural streaks towards termen; a suffused dark fuscous patch of scales, resting on basal fourth of wing; a fine fuscous line along termen ; cilia greyish-fuscous. Hindwings with termen nearly straight, apex prominent, pale grey-whitish, darker along termen; cilia whitish-grey. Mackay, Queensland; one specimen in poor condition in October. ELDANA LEUCOSTICTALIS, Nn. sp. Male,26mm. Head, palpi, antenne, and thorax pale fleshy- red. Legs fleshy-white. Abdomen greyish-ochreous. Fore- wings elongate, moderate, costa gently arched, termen obliquely rounded ; deep fleshy-red, deepest on costal half; a small dull whitish: spot in middle of wing at one-third from base ; a second, much smaller in a longitudinal line at one-third, and a third midway between these two; cilia deep reddish. Hindwings with termen rounded, slightly sinuate beneath apex, apex prominent; greyish, faintly tinged with fuscous, on posterior half; cilia ight fleshy-red, with a dark fuscous subbasal line. Brisbane, Queensland ; one specimen in January. CRAMBIN &. CIRRHOCHRISTA CYCLOPHORA, Nl. sp. Male, 24 mm. MHead, palpi, antenne, thorax, legs, and abdomen snow-white, palpi laterally orange, anterior tibie and tarsi orange, tarsi with whitish wings, middle and posterior legs mixed with orange; forewings elongate, triangular, costa nearly straight, termen oblique; snow-white ; a narrow orange costal streak throughout; a small triangular fuscous tooth on lower edge at one-third, emitting an almost straight ferru- ginous interrupted line to innermargin at two-fifths; a similar tooth from lower edge of costal streak beyond middle, accom- panied by a spot below; an oval fuscous ring Just below spot midway between it and innermargin; a fine waved fuscous line, from costa at four-fifths to innermargin at four-fifths; a well-defined deep fuscous somewhat lunulate line along ter- men, very shortly continued along veins; cilia ochreous-fus- cous, deeper on basal half. Bandwines with termen rounded ; color, posterior and line along termen as in forewings; cilia as in forewings, becoming snow-white at anal angle. Mackay, Queensland ; one specimen in October. I have seen specimens from Townsville Hil CRAMBUS PHOTOLEUCA, il. Sp. Female, 16mm. Head, palpi, thorax, and abdomen snow- white; palpi fuscous laterally. Antenne fuscous. Legs white, strongly suffused with ochreous-fuscous. Forewings elongate, moderate, costa gently arched, termen oblique ; shin- ing snow-white; markings pale fuscous, obscure; one or two elongate streaks along costa, from one at three-fourths proceeds a fine line curved outwards to before middle of termen, thence continued before and parallel with termen to innermargin be- fore anal angle; a small ferruginous spot on costa near apex ; a fine line along termen, cilia shining snow-white, with two or three fuscous dots on middle of termen. Hindwings with termen rounded; very pale whitish-fuscous; cilia snow-white. Underside of forewings fuscous, of hindwings snow-white. A. peculiar and noticeable point is the reversal of colors on underside of wings. Mackay, Queensland ; one specimen in January. TALIS STENIPTERALIS, nN. Sp. Male, 20mm. Head, palpi, thorax, and legs dull ochreous- fuscous, palpi six times as long as eye. Antenne whitish, ciliations (1), fuscous, abdomen greyish-ochreous. Forewings rather narrow, elongate, apex nearly straight, termen very ob- lique; dull ochreous-fuscous; a narrow ochreous-white sub- costal streak from base to three-fourths, edged below by its own width of dark fuscous, which color becomes trifurcate at ex- tremity, and is continued along veins to termen; a narrower ochreous white line just beneath fuscous streak from base to three-fourths, and a similar one along fold, both more or less edged with fuscous; dorsal area of wing paler than rest, and minutely irrorated with fuscous and blackish scales; cilia ochreous-fuscous. Hindwings with termen faintly sinuate in middle ; light fuscous ; cilia greyish fuscous. A peculiar-looking insect, not very near any of the other described species; it is, perhaps, nearest cyclosema, Lower. Broken Hill, New South Wales; one specimen in October. TALIS EREMENOPA, 0. sp. Female, 16 mm. Head, palpi, antenne, thorax, and legs fuscous, palpi 4, whitish internally. Abdomen greyish- ochreous, anal tuft whitish. Forewings elongate, triangular, costa nearly straight, termen oblique; ochreous-fuscous, suf- fusedly mixed with white, and with scattered blackish scales ; an elongate-cuneiform, white streak from base to beyond middle, 52 broadest posteriorly; a black-edged reniform discal spot in middle at two-thirds, centred with white, anteriorly broadly edged by an oblique streak of white, which reaches from costa to two-thirds across wing; a broad leaden-metallic transverse patch of scales beyond discal spot, from upper edge of spot to innermargin at anal angle; a white costal patch imme- ‘diately above; a gently curved ochreous streak from costa. beyond last spot to anal angle, bordering the leaden metallic patch posteriorly and becoming golden metallic on lower two- thirds ; six short black elongate streaks before termen, resting upon three white spots; one at apex, curved; one in middle, ~ cuneiform; and one somewhat quadrate above anal angle; a narrow white streak along termen ; cilia ochreous-fuscous, bar- red with snow-white. Hindwings with termen rounded, faintly sinuate beneath apex; shining whitish-grey, thinly sealed ; a fuscous line along termen ; cilia shining snow-white. Another species of doubtful affinity. P Stawell, Victoria; one specimen in April. ANERASTINZ. ANERASTIA MINORALIS, 1. gp. Male, 12 mm. Head, palpi, antenne, and legs light- ochreous-fuscous, abdomen greyish-ochreous. Forewings elon- gate, moderate, costa moderately arched, termen oblique ; light ochreous ; a silvery-white longitudinal line from base to apex, commencing beneath costa at base and reaching costa before apex, edged at apex beneath with fuscous; a similar streak along fold, from base to termen, obscure ; cilia greyish-ochreous, paler at base. Hindwings with termen rounded; light greyish-fuscous ; cilia grey, with a light fuscous, basal line. Mackay, Queensland ; one specimen in October. ANERASTIA XIPHIMELA, 0. sp. Male, 20 mm. Head, palpi, antenne, legs, and abdomen dark fuscous. Abdomen ochreousgrey. Forewings elongate, moderate, costa gently arched, termen oblique, rounded be- neath ; pale fleshy-red, fuscous tinged; veins faintly outlined with fuscous; a moderately thick blackish longitudinal streak, broadest on posteriou half, from beneath costa at base to termen below apex; a fuscous irregular suffusion on middle of inner- margin; a few fuscous dots below streak at one-third; cilia dull fleshy-red. Hindwings with termen rounded; pale greyish, thinly scaled; a fuscous line along termen on upper half; cilia greyish, with a fuscous basal line. Cooktown, Queensland; one specimen in August. 53 PHYCITA DELTOPHORA, 0. sp. Male, 25mm. WHead, palpi, antenne, thorax, and abdomea cinereous-grey, palpi ferruginous at apex. Legs silvery- whitish, mixed and banded with fuscous. Forewings elongate, moderate, costa rather strongly arched, termen oblique; cine- reous-grey, finely irrorated with dark fuscous; an elongate, somewhat cuneiform reddish-fuscous fascia from one-third costa to one-third innermargin, slightly oblique, edged on sides with a dentate black line; and rather broadly posteriorly with a whitish fascia, sharply defined anteriorly, posteriorly suffused with a short angulated line in middle on lower half; a dull whitish mark on costa at four-fifths, from which proceeds an obscure, slightly outwards whitish curved line of dots to inner- margin before anal angle, edged anteriorly with fuscous; a black interrupted line along termen, separated by streaks of dull whitish. Hindwings with termen rounded; greyish, thinly scaled; a fine fuscous line along termen; cilia greyish, with a fuscous, subterminal line. : Mackay, Queensland ; one specimen in November. PHYCITA LEUCOMILTA, Ni. sp. Male and female, 28 mm. Head, palpi, antenne, thorax, legs, and abdomen reddish-ferruginous, more or less finely irro- rated with bluish-white scales in female. Forewings elongate, moderate, costa moderately arched, termen _ slightly bowed, oblique; reddish-ferruginous in female more or less minutely irrorated throughout with bluish- white scales, base of wing ferruginous; a narrow outwardly fleshy-white narrow fascia, from costa at one- third to innermargin before middle, posteriorly edged by a somewhat cuneiform patch of darker ground color; a narrow fleshy-white line from costa at four-fifths to innermargin before anal angle, strongly! curved outwards in middle, edged on upper third by a patch of darker ground color; a lighter patch of ground color just before this; a row of small black spots along termen ; all markings in female obliterated by general ground color ; cilia fleshy-red, with a clear whitish median line. Hind- wings greyish-ochreous; cilia ochreous, basal half reddish. Not unlike Huzophera pyrrhoptera, Lower, but the palpi make it easy of separation from that species. Mackay, Queensland ; two specimens in October. NEPHOPTERYX ORTHOZONA, 0. sp. Female,20 mm. Head, palpi, antennz, and legs cinereous- grey, basal joint of palpi fuscous. Abdomen greyish-ochreous. 54 Forewings elongate, moderate, costa gently arched, termen ob- lique, faintly sinuate beneath apex; cinereous-grey; a fine black slightly curved line, from costa near middle to inner- margin in middle, anteriorly edged with its equal width of white; a second similar line from costa at four-fifths to inner- margin before anal angle, gently curved outwards in middle, and edged by a parallel line of fuscous, separated by a line of ground color; ground color between the two black lines strongly suffused with white, especially on lower half; a row of fine black dots along termen,; cilia cinereous-grey, with two darker fuscous lines. Hindwings with termen rounded; greyish, thinly scaled; a fine fuscous line along termen; cilia greyish, with a fuscous subbasal line. Cooktown, Queensland ; one specimen in December. NEPHOPTERYX EREBOSCOPA, Nl. Sp. Female, 28mm. Head reddish, palpi, antenne, thorax, and legs ashy-grey-fuscous, terminal joint of palpi fuscous, tibie and tarsi fuscous, with dull whitish rings. Forewings elongate, moderately dilated posteriorly, costa gently arched, termen rounded, oblique; deep ferruginous-fuscous, obscurely mixed with whitish; markings obscure; a short fuscous mark near base, edged with dull whitish basally ; a moderately broad dull whitish fascia, from costa at one-fourth obliquely outwards to innermargin at about one-third, with a central ferruginous- fuscous streak throughout; a dark fuscous spot above middle in disc at two-thirds; a very dull whitish subterminal line, curved outwards in middle, edged anteriorly by a fuscous, somewhat dot-like line, and posteriorly by a fuscous shade; a rew of small dots along termen ; cilia fuscous-whitish, with a ferruginous median line. Hindwings with termen rounded ; pale grey-whitish, becoming fuscous-tinged around apex and along termen ; cilia grey-whitish, with a, fuscous, subbasal line. Brisbane, Queensland ; one specimen in April. I have a specimen from Cairns. NEPHOPTERYX HADES, Nl. sp. Female, 24 mm. Head, palpi, antenne, thorax, legs, and abdomen dark fuscous, inclining to blackish, tibie and tarsi with faint whitish rings, abdomen with dull silvery-white seg- mental rings. Forewings elongate, moderately dilated pos- teriorly, costa gently arched, termen oblique; blackish ; mark- ings obscure; a faint blackish line from one-third costa to one- third innermargin ; a blackish waved subterminal line, curved outwards in middle, followed by an obscure parallel blackish 55 shade ; a row of black dots along termen ; cilia blackish. Hind- wings with termen irregularly rounded; pale grey-whitish, somewhat iridescent; costa, apex, and a line along termen fuscous-tinged ; cilia greyish, with a fuscous subbasal line. Appears to be somewhat allied to the preceding. Brisbane and Mackay; two specimens in November. NEPHOPTERYX DASYPTERA, Nh. Sp. Male and female, 18-22 mm. Head, palpi, antenne, thorax, and legs ashy-grey-fuscous, paler in female; abdomen ashy- grey, more ochreous in female. Forewings elongate, mode- rately dilated, costa gently arched, termen obliquely rounded ; dark fuscous, minutely irrorated with ashy-grey scales, so as to appear ashy-grey-fuscous ; paler in female; lines very obscure ; an outwardly oblique fuscous line from costa at one-third to innermargin at about middle, edged anteriorly by its own width of whitish; a waved fuscous subterminal line, followed by a parallel row of obscure fuscous spots; a row of black dots along termen ; cilia cinereous-fuscous. Hindwings with termen unevenly rounded; greyish-fuscous, greyish in female, thinly scaled ; cilia greyish, with a fuscous subbasal line. Also allied to the two preceding; it is somewhat difficult to give reliable points of distinction, but the species when placed together are easily recognised. The present species differs by the shorter and narrower wings and obscure mark- ings. The female is much whiter than the male, and the markings are almost obliterated. Mackay, Queensland ; two specimens in April. NEPHOPTERYX THERMALOPHA, N. Sp. Male and female, 18-20mm. Head, palpi, antennae, thorax, legs, and abdomen cinereous-whitish. Forewings elongate, posterior moderately dilated ; costa hardly arched, termen ob- lique, hardly rounded in male; cinereous-whitish ; markings fuscous; a moderately broad fascia from costa at one-third to innermargin at one-third, curved outwards in middle, and edged anteriorly by a whitish shade; in female the fascia is fuscous without any white shade, that color being replaced by a dull ochreous streak, on which is placed a small tuft of raised blackish scales in middle; two small adjacent discal dots at two-thirds from base; a moderately thick fuscous line, from costa at three-fourths to innermargin at two-thirds strongly sinuate outwards in middle and edged posteriorly by its own width of whitish throughout, less developed in female; a row of black dots along termen; cilia cinereous-whitish. Hind- 56 wings with termen rounded, somewhat sinuate beneath ter- men; pale grey-whitish, somewhat iridescent; apex, costa, and line along termen fuscous; cilia grey-whitish; with an obscure fuscous subbasal line. Not unlike Phycita deltophora, but the tuft of scales is a reliable point of distinction. Brisbane and Mackay, Queensland ; two specimensin Decem- ber and January. NEPHOPTERYX METASARCA, TL. Sp. Male, 16 mm. JHead, palpi, thorax, and legs cinereous- whitish. Antenne and abdomen ochreous. Forewings elon- gate, moderately dilated posteriorly, costa slightly arched, ter- men oblique ; fuscous-whitish ; a nearly straight narrow trans verse fascia at one-third; a second just beyond, narrower on lower half; interspace more white; a rather broad white trans verse nearly straight fascia following second fuscous fascia, and containing a fuscous dot on posterior edge above middle; a faintly indicated subterminal whitish line, curved outwards in middle, edged on either with darker ground color; a row of fuscous dots along termen; cilia cinereous-fuscous. Hind- wings with termen rounded ; ochreous; cilia ochreous-grey. Brisbane, Queensland ; one specimen in January. TEPHRIS GLAUCOBASIS, 0. sp. Female, 22 mm. Head dull whitish. Antenne and palpi fuscous, palpi whitish beneath. Thorax and legs cinereous- whitish. Abdomen grey-whitish, anterior segment with metal- lic-coppery reflections. Forewings elongate, moderately dila- ted posteriorly, costa gently arched, termen oblique; ashy- grey fuscous; a whitish elongate patch from base to middle occupying upper half of wing; ground color below to inner- margin brownish-ochreous, mixed with blackish; an obscure rather thick short fascia at posterior end of elongate patch ; below which is a small whitish space, upon which rests an elongate black mark ; indications of a fuscous subterminal lne, ground color beyond more whitish ; a blackish spot above inner- margin; a row of black dots along termen; cilia ashy-grey, with a reddish terminal line and a row of black points at base. Hindwings with termen rounded ; greyish-white, some- what iridescent; thinly scaled; cilia greyish, with a fuscous subbasal line. Mackay, Queensland; one specimen in. November. 57 HUZOPHERODES ALLOCROSSA, Ni. Sp. Male, 14 mm. Head, thorax, abdomen, and legs cinereous- whitish, tibize and tarsi banded with fuscous. Palpi an- tenn fuscous, palpi beneath ochreous. Forewings elongate, rather narrow, costa hardly arched, termen oblique, slightly rounded ; cinereous-whitish, with well-defined black markings ; a narrow fascia close to base, continued as a fine line shortly along innermargin, interrupted in middle of base; a narrow slightly inwards curved fascia, from costa at one-third to inner- margin before middle, preceded by a small dot in middle; two small discal dots obliquely placed, at two-thirds from base; an oblique fine line, from costa at four-fifths to innermargin at four-fifths, angulated outwards at one-third; a row of small dots along termen; cilia ochreous-reddish. Hindwings with termen unevenly rounded; fuscous; cilia as in forewings and with a fuscous subbasal line. Mackay, Queensland ; one specimen in October. ETIELLA HOLOZONA, N. sp. Male, 24 mm. Head, palpi, antenne, and thorax pale ochreous, palpi fuscous tinged beneath. Legs ochreous- whitish. Abdomen greyish-ochreous, anterior segments whitish. Forewings elongate, moderately dilated posteriorly, costa gently arched, termen obliquely rounded ; pale ochreous, clearer on dorsal half; a moderate, straight, longitudinal sil- very-white streak, from base to termen below apex, edged be- neath throughout with a fuscous-ochreous streak, which is deflected downwards at two-thirds towards termen; cilia pale greyish-ochreous, with a whitish basal line. Hindwings with termen rounded ; very pale fuscous-whitish ; cilia white, with a fuscous subbasal line. Brisbane, Queensland ; one specimen in December. HetTEROGRAPHIS MOLYBDOPHORA, Nl. Sp. Male, 16mm. Head, palpi, antenne, thorax, and abdomen pale whitish-ochreous, palpi internally whitish, patagia ochreous. Legssilvery-whitish, anterior pair fuscous-tinged. Fore- wings elongate, posteriorly gradually dilated, costa gently arched, termen obliquely rounded; pale ochreous; a narrow silvery- whitish longitudinal median streak, from base to near termen, edged above by a fine fuscous line throughout, and below by a similar line, which becomes broader and blue-whitish on pos- terior fourth; a small blackish dot above innermargin at one- third from base, apparently lying on a fine fuscous streak, 58 which extends along fold throughout; an elongate streak of bluish-white scales along costa from middle to apex; extremi- ties attenuated ; a rather broad leaden-metallic line along ter- men, separated at apex from preceding streak by an oblique streak of fuscous; cilia fuscous, with a blackish basal and white subbasal line. Hindwings with termen rounded; fuscous whitish, paler on basal half; cilia greyish, with a fuscous subbasal line. Derby, Western Australia; one specimen in May. HETEROGRAPHIS PROLEUCA, Nl. Sp. Female, 20 mm. Head, palpi, antenne, thorax, and legs dark coppery-fuscous, very suffusedly irrorated with whitish, tarsi black, with whitish rings, abdomen ochreous-grey, with indications of a dorsal series of fuscous marks on anterior seg- ments. Forewings elongate, moderately dilated posteriorly, costa nearly straight, termen obliquely rounded; deep cop- pery-fuscous, very finely irrorated with whitish throughout; a moderately broad, rather suffused white subcostal streak from near base to near apex, leaving base and extreme costal edge reddish-coppery ; a nearly straight fuscous line from beneath costal streak at one-third to innermargin at one-third; a den- tate fuscous line from just before apex of white streak to anal angle, nearly straight; followed by a similar line midway be- tween, 1t and termen; a fine fuscous line along termen; cilia deep-coppery-fuscous, suffusedly mixed with whitish. Hind- wings with termen rounded; pale greyish, thinly scaled; a fuscous line along termen; cilia grey-whitish, with a fuscous subbasal line. , Mackay, Queensland; one specimen in October. Mr. Dodd, of Townsville, has recently sent me two specimens. Homzosoma (?) MELANOSTICTA, N. sp. Female, 22 mm. Head, palpi, thorax, and legs whitish. Antenne fuscous. Abdomen ochreous. Forewings elongate, very little dilated, costa gently arched, termen obliquely rounded ; pale whitish-ochreous, costal half whiter; markings fuscous; a fine streak along costa from base to apex, extre- mities attenuated, thickest beyond middle; an elongate spot on lower edge of cell ; a second similar just below ; a small spot beyond end of cell; an oblique series of dots, from costa before apex to innermargin before anal angle; a few blackish dots along termen; cilia ochreous-whitish. Hindwings with ter- men rounded ; light fuscous; a fine line along termen; cilia grey-whitish. 59 Reminds one of a pale specimen of Hucarphia tritalis, Walk., at first sight. Derby, Western Australia; one specimen in October. EPIPASCHIAN &. JOCARA THERMOPTERA, Nl. sp. Female, 20 mm. Head, palpi, antenne, thorax, and legs fuscous, thorax with a large whitish quadrate spot, tibie and tarsi obscurely ringed with whitish. Abdomen dark fuscous, yellowish on sides and beneath. Forewings elongate, dilated posteriorly, costa gently arched, termen obliquely rounded ; dark fuscous; darkest on basal half; a thrice sinuate oblique whitish line, from costa just beyond middle to innermargin just beyond middle, deeply indented below first sinuation ; two small black dots transversely placed in disc beyond middle; a fuscous apical patch; ground color between this and white line light reddish; a small fuscous spot before apical patch ; a row of fuscous dots along termen; cilia fleshy-red. Hind- wings with termen rounded ; bright orange; a moderate black apical patch; cilia orange, with a blackish tooth at apex. Reminds one of T2tanoceros cataxantha, Meyr. Broken Hill, New South Wales; one specimen in March. STERICTA ALEUROPA, 0D. Sp. Female, 24 mm. Head, palpi, antenne, thorax ashy- white, legs white, tibie and tarsi more or less banded with fuscous. Abdomen greyish, white beneath. Forewings elongate, narrowly triangular, costa gently arched, termen oblique, hardly rounded; white, finely irrorated with fuscous, so as to appear fuscous whitish; markings fuscous; a small spot on fold close to base; a dentate outwards curved line from costa at one-fourth to innermargin at one-fourth; 2 short oblique double interrupted line from costa beyond middle, reaching nearly half across wing; a strongly waved sub- marginal line from costa at three-fourths to innermargin at three-fourths, slightly curved outwards on upper third, thence nearly straight; a dentate subterminal parallel line, straight throughout, becoming thicker above anal angle; interspace white; a row of cloudy spots along termen, obsolete above anal angle; cilia white, with two rows of blackish points. Hindwings with termen rounded; fuscous; basal two-thirds of costa broadly whitish; cilia grey, with a fuscous sub-basal line. I have seen this species, which is not unlike concisella, Walk. 60 Standing in some collections as polialis, Hmp’s., but that species is referable to Orthaga, and is quite distinct. Mackay, Queensland; one specimen in January. EN DOTRICHIN &. ENDOTRICHA PYROCAUSTALIS, 0. sp. Male, 24 mm. Head, palpi, antenne, thorax, legs and abdomen orange-fuscous. Forewings elongate, moderate, costa slightly arched towards apex; termen oblique, not rounded; bright orange-ochreous; a pale yellowish strongly outwards curved line, from costa at one-third to near one- fourth of innermargin, space between this and base purplish ; a fuscous discal dot; an oblique, slightly waved yellowish line, from costa at three-fourths to innermargin before anal angle; space between this and termen purplish; a row of blackish dots along termen ; cilia yellowish, on basal half pur- plsh. Hindwings with termen rounded; color, cilia and markings as in forewings ;’ costal edge broadly yellowish, ex- cept apex. Brisbane, Queensland ; one specimen in December. ENDOTRICHA DESMOTOMA, I.’ sp. Male, 16 mm. Head, palpi, thorax, and abdomen fuscous- purplish, middle segments of abdomen greyish. Antenne greyish, legs whitish, fuscous tinged. Forewings elongate, triangular, costa hardly arched, termen obliquely rounded ; deep reddish-purple, darkest on basal third; outer edge of basal third edged posteriorly by a broad whitish-ochreous fascia, posteriorly suffused into ground color; a fine white line from costa at five-sixths to anal angle, upper third nearly straight, thence strongly curved inwards, edged obscurely on either side with fuscous; a minute white spot on costa at three-fourths ; a row of obscure blackish dots along termen ; cilia ochreous, basal half blackish. Hindwings with termen waved ; color, fascia and dots along termen as in forewings, but posterior edge of fascia edged by a fine black dentate line ; cilia as in forewings. Derby, Western Australia; one specimen in April. PERSICOPTERA CHIONOZYGA, Nl. sp. Female, 16 mm. Head, palpi, antenne, thorax, legs, and abdomen dark fuscous, somewhat purplish-tinged. Forewings elongate, triangular, costa faintly sinuate, termen obliquely rounded ; dark fuscous, purplish-tinged ; a straight white streak from costa at one-third to innermargin at one-third, ante- 61 riorly sharply defined, posteriorly somewhat suffused; a few whitish costal dots in middle; a fine white line from costa at three-fourths to imnermargin at three-fourths, moderately . curved outwards in middle; space beyond first line suffused with white anteriorly ; space between second line and termen also suffused with white ; an obscure row of fuscous spots along termen; cilia fuscous. Hindwings with termen rounded ; purplish fuscous, becoming greyish on basal third; first line absent; second line, cilia, and dots along termen as in fore- wings. Mackay, Queensland ; one specimen in March. TRICHOPHYSETIS CROCOPLAGA, Nl. sp. Male, 16mm. Head, palpi, antenne, thorax, and legs white, palpi fuscous at apex, antenne fuscous beneath. Abdomen ochreous, first segment white, segmental rings whitish. Fore- wings elongate, moderately dilated posteriorly, costa gently arched, termen rather strongly bowed, oblique, white, with fuscous markings; a thick transverse line close to base; a rather thick double line from one-third costa to one-third inner- margin, outer portion darkest; a fine double line from costa at two-thirds to innermargin at two-thirds, somewhat inter- rupted in middle; a moderate patch of clear orange near apex before termen ; a fine line of orange along termen ; cilia white, ochreous tinged at base. Hindwings with termen unevenly rounded ; color, markings, and cilia as in forewings, but orange patch fuscous tinged. Cooktown, Queensland ; one specimen in January. TRICHOPHYSETIS FULVIFUSALIS, N. sp. Female, 18 mm. Head and palpi fuscous. Antenne ochreous. Thorax and abdomen ochreous-whitish. Legs whitish. Forewings elongate, moderately dilated posteriorly, costa hardly arched, termen rather strongly bowed, oblique; pale ochreous-ferruginous, mixed with whitish; an outwardly oblique ferruginous streak from innermargin at one-sixth to two-thirds across wing; a similar streak, from costa at two- fifths to innermargin at two-fifths, acutely angulated just be- neath costa and edged anteriorly throughout with a line of dull whitish ; a curved lunate white discal mark beyond middle; a strongly and evenly outwards curved fuscous line, from costa at two-thirdstoinnermarginatthree-fourths, edged posteriorly by a dull whitish line throughout; ground color beyond darker ; a fine fuscous line along termen; cilia shining grey. Hind- wings with termen rounded ; color and cilia as in forewings; a: 62 fine irregularly-waved fuscous line, from costa at one-third vo innermargin at two-thirds, edged above by fuscous-ochreous shade ; a similar line, slightly outwards curved in middle, from costa in middle to innermargin at four-fifths, closely edged by a posterior fuscous-ochreous shade. Cooktown, Queensland ; one specimen in March. HYDROCAMPIN &. AULACODES TRIPLAGA, 0. sp. Female, 22mm. Head, thorax, antenne, legs, and abdomen whitish, anterior tibiz and tarsi banded with fuscous. Palpi fuscous. Forewings elongate, posteriorly moderately dilated, costa nearly straight, termen strongly oblique; white, with pale yellow, fuscous-margined markings; a moderately ‘thick streak along costa from base to three-fourths, extremities at- | tenuated, emitting from its lower edge at about two-thirds an oblique streak to anal angle; a rather broad streak along ter- men to anal angle and there joining the oblique streak; an elongate, somewhat sickle-shaped streak on innermargin at one-third, its apex reaching more than one-fourth across wing ; a golden-metallic streak before termen, beyond which the ground color is more ochreous; a row of fine black dots along termen; cilia ochreous-white. Hindwings with termen un- evenly rounded; white; a narrow fuscous line from beneath costa at two-thirds to before innermargin at three-fourths, indented before termination ; wing beyond the line ochreous ; four black anteriorly golden-metallic edged spots on middle of termen ; a short golden-metallic line beneath apex along ter- men; cilia as in forewings. Mackay, Queensland ; one specimen in March. NYMPHULA DIPLOPA, 0. sp. Female, 12 mm. Head, palpi, antenne, thorax, legs, and abdomen fuscous-whitish. Forewings elongate, moderate, costa gently arched, termen cblique; pale fuscous; markings fuscous; a small elongate subcostal spot at base; a small spot on base of innermargin; a double spot below costa at one-fourth from base; an ovate spot just below; a roundish spot just beyond middle, nearer to costa than innermargin ; and two others placed respectively below, beyond, and before ; a fuscous subterminal shade, only obscurely noticeable on upper third; cilia fuscous. Hindwings with termen rounded; fus- cous-whitish, more whitish above and below middle; cilia as in forewings. Broken Hill, New South Wales; one specimen in November. 63 PYRAUSTIN 4. MARASMIA HEXAGONA, 0. sp. Male, 12 mm. Head, palpi, antenne, thorax, legs, and abdomen pale brass-yellow, palpi fuscous on sides. Forewings elongate, triangular, costa hardly arched, termen oblique; pale brassy-yellow, with fuscous markings; a fine slightly out- wardly curved line from one-fourth costa to one-fourth inner- margin ; a second from beneath costa in middle, curved out- wards at commencement and slightly sinuate beneath, ending on innermargin about middle; a third from costa at three- fourths to innermargin at three-fourths, nearly straight, very slightly angulated in middle ;! a faint fuscous subterminal shade, curved outwards above middle; a fine line along termen; cilia whitish, with a fuscous subbasal line. Hindwings with ter- men rounded, faintly sinuate on posterior half; color, lines, and cilia asin forewings; subterminal shade suffused into third line. ; Cooktown, Queensland ; one specimen in January. TYSPANODES METACHRYSIALIS, n. sp. Male, 24mm. Head, palpi, antenne, thorax, legs, and ab- domen pale yellow. Forewings elongate, triangular, costa gently arched, termen rounded, oblique; pale ochreous, basal half of wing mixed with yellowish, veins appearing to be out- lined with alternate dark fuscous and whitish line; an obscure fuscous dot at base; a similar one at end of cell; cilia fuscous (imperfect). Hindwings with termen rounded; yellow; a dark fuscous band along termen, very broad at apex, becoming suddenly narrowed in middle and continued as a fine line to- wards anal angle; cilia yellowish. Cooktown, Queensland; one specimen in November. NaAcoLEIA XANTHOSCOTA, DN. Sp. Female, 20 mm. Head yellowish. Palpi, legs, and abdo- men yellow-whitish, anterior tibie fuscous tinged. Thorax yellow, with anterior and posterior fuscous spots, patagia spot- ted with|fuscous. Forewings elongate, triangular, costa gently arched, termen rounded, oblique; yellow, with fuscous mark- ings; a moderate streak along costa throughout; four mode- rately thick waved fascie, first from costa at one-sixth direct to innermargin ; second from costa at one-third direct to inner- margin; third from costa at about two-thirds to middle of wing, thence becoming furcate and ending on innermargin about middle and anal angle respectively ; fourth from three 64 fourths costa to anal angle, curved outwards on lower half and meeting posterior fork of preceding streak ; second, third, and fourth streaks connected along innermargin by a moderate streak ; a thick streak along termen, angulated in middle so as to touch fourth streak, abruptly narrowed on lower third and connected with streak along innermargin ; cilia fuscous, with a fine yellowish basal line. Hindwings with termen rounded, slightly prominent at apex; color and cilia ag in forewings; markings fuscous; second line as in forewings; a moderately thick line from costa at two-thirds to innermargin at two- thirds, strongly sinuate outwards in middle and becoming very much thicker on posterior third; line along termen as in fore- wings, but not touching previous streak except at termination. Brisbane, Queensland; one specimen in January. LYGROPIA CHRYSELECTRA, Nl. Sp. Male, 25mm. Head, palpi, antenne, thorax, and abdomen orange-yellow, antennz fuscous-tinged, abdomen with silvery- whitish segmental rings. Legs whitish, tinged with yellow. Forewings elongate, triangular, costa gently arched, termen rounded, oblique; pale yellow, with rather obscure orange markings; costal edge pale yellow, from one-third to apex, edged beneath with orange; a moderately thick waved orange line from costa before one-third to innermargin direct; a darker orange discal dot; between first line and base is another obscure similar line; a second similar line from just beneath costa at two-thirds, thence strongly curved to touch discal dot and gradually inwards curved to terminate on innermargin at. two-thirds ; a rather thick subterminal line, narrowest on lower one-third; cilia pale yellow. Hindwings with termen rounded ; color, markings, and cilia as in forewings; discal dot absent. Mackay, Queensland ; one specimen in January. ARCHERNIS ARGOCEPHALA, N. sp. Male, 28 mm. Head snow-white. Palpi fuscous, beneath snow-white. Antenne, thorax, and abdomen light brownish- ochreous. Legs snow-white, anterior tibie and coxz fuscous tinged. Forewings elongate, triangular, costa moderately arched, termen oblique, slightly rounded ; brownish-ochreous ; a curved fuscous discal spot in middle of cell; a waved fuscous line, from costa at three-fourths, thence strongly curved out- wards, thence sinuate inwards to below discal: spot and ending on innermargin at two-thirds; a blackish line along costa, com- mencing at previous mentioned line, continued to apex, and 65 thence along termen to anal angle; cilia whitish-fuscous, basal half blackish. Hindwings with termen rounded ; color, waved line, discal dot, and cilia as in forewings, cilia somewhat chequered with white on basal half. Underside of hindwings white, markings of upperside reproduced. Mackay, Pireste bee one specimen in February. The white head and underside of hindwings are reliable points of distinction. CLUPEOSOMA (?) MIMETICA, n. sp. Female, 16 mm. Head, palpi, antenne (imperfect), thorax, legs, and abdomen pale yellow-whitish. Palpi fuscous on sides. Bee ines elongate, moderately dilated posteriorly, costa hardly arched, termen oblique; pale yellowish-white; a cop- pery streak along basal fourth of costa, posteriorly attenuated : a moderate coppery-metallic fascia along termen, edged ante- viorly by a dentate black line, and posteriorly by a ie golden- metallic line ; cilia yellowish-gr ey. Hindwings whitish, thinly scaled ; fuscous tinged around termen; cilia orey-whitish. Derby, Western Australia; one specimen. in March. NooRDA MOLYBDIS, 0. sp. Male, 16 mm. Head, palpi, antenne, thorax, legs, and abdomen, antennal pectinations 4. Forewings elongate, trian- gular, costa gently arched, termen obliquely rounded ; fuscous ; a fine blackish obscure line from three-fourths costa to three- fourths innermargin, strongly angulated outwards on lower half; an indistinct fine black curved subterminal line; cilia fuscous. Hindwings with termen rounded; whitish-fuscous ; cilia light fuscous. The type is not in good condition. Duaringa, Queensland; one specimen in December. NooRDA METALLOMA, Nl. sp. Female, 18mm. Head, antenne, thorax, abdomen, and legs yellow. Palpi dark fuscous. Forewings elongate, triangular, costa moderately arched, termen obliquely rounded; yellow; a bluish-metallic streak along costa from base to apex, pos- teriorly attenuated ; five bluish-metallic spots on lower edge of streak, basal three gmallest, between base and middle; a broad reddish-coppery-metallic fascia along termen, edged ante- riorly by a fine waved, bluish metallic line, and posteriorly along termen by: a fine bluish-metallic line ; cilia fuscous. Hind- wings with termen rounded ; color, cilia, and fascia along ter- men as in forewings. 66 Very close to calliphracta, Turn., and may be only a geogra- phical form. Derby, Western Australia; one specimen in March. CRIOPHTHONA TRILEUCA, Ni. sp. Female, 12mm. Head, antenne, and thorax fuscous. Palpi and legs white, palpi fuscous on sides. Abdomen greyish. Forewings elongate, triangular, costa hardly arched, termen oblique; pale fuscous ; three moderately thick waved dark fus- cous transverse fascie, first from one-third costa to one-third innermargin ; second from beneath costa before two-thirds to innermargin at two-thirds; third from costa at four-fifths to anal angle; a small snow-white spot near base, obscure ; a well- defined similar spot on middle of first fascia; a third similar spot on middle of second fascia; a fine dentate line along termen; cilia whitish-fuscous. Hindwings with termen rounded; pale fuscous; a dark fuscous waved line from be- neath costa at three-fourths to anal angle ; a small fuscous mark on innermargin at two-thirds; line along termen and cilia as in forewings. Derby, Western Australia; one specimen in November. METASIA ECTODONTALIS, nN. Sp. Female,16mm. Head, palpi, antenne, and thorax fuscous. Legs and abdomen grey-whitish. Forewings elongate, trian- gular, costa hardly arched, termen obliquely rounded; very dull coppery-fuscous ; an obscure short fuscous mark in middle at one-third from base; a fine strongly dentate fuscous line from costa at three-fourths reaching three-fourths across wing towards anal angle, thence sinuate inwards and terminating on innermargin at three-fourths, cilia fuscous, mixed with darker fuscous. Hindwings with termen rounded; pale fuscous, mixed with greyish on basal half; markings as in forewings, but very obscure; cilia whitish, with fuscous bars. Brisbane, Queensland; one specimen in January. METASIA PHRAGMATIAS, ni. Sp. Male, 12 mm. Head, thorax, and abdomen pale ochreous, abdomen with fuscous segmental rings. Antenne fuscous. Palpi and legs whitish, palpi on sides fuscous. Forewings slon- gate, triangular, costa archea towards base, faintly sinuate in middle, termen obliquely rounded; pale yellow, suffusedly irrorated with fuscous, and with fuscous markings; an irre- gular mark on base of innermargin; a narrow outwards curved line, from costa at about one-third to innermargin at one- 67 third; a moderate discal dot; a narrow line from costa at three-fourths to innermargin at two-thirds, moderately straight on upper half, thence gently curved inwards to extremity; a parallel, shightly thicker shade immediately beyond, not reach- ing costa; a fine waved line along termen; cilia pale yellow, with a fuscous subbasal line. Hindwings with termen rounded ; color and cilia as in forewings; a nearly straight fus- cous fascia from about middle of costa to middle of inner- margin; a thicker dentate shade from apex to anal angle. Mackay, Queensland; one specimen in November. PIONEA LEUCURA, 0. sp. Female, 20 mm. MHead, palpi, antenne, and thorax light fuscous. Abdomen and legs greyish-ochreous. Forewings elongate, moderate, costa rather strongly arched, termen ob- liquely rounded; light brownish; a small black outwards curved line near base; an outwardly oblique blackish line from costa at one-fourth to innermargin just before middle, edged on its posterior half by a streak of snow-white, which is curved towards base, but hardly reaches it; a moderately broad snow-white transverse fascia from apex to anal angle, broad on apical portion and narrow below, with a slight sinua- tion below middle; a moderately broad dull reddish-ferru- ginous patch along termen, from below apex to anal angle, broadest below ; three or four elongate costal streaks of fus- cous between three-fourths and apex ; a row of small black dots along termen; cilia dull reddish. Hindwings with termen rounded ; pale greyish-ochreous, becoming darker on basal two- thirds, limited posteriorly by a faint fuscous waved line; a row of blackish dots along termen; cilia greyish-ochreous. Brisbane, Queensland ; one specimen in December. PYRAUSTA EPICROCA, 0. sp. Male, 22 mm. MHead, thorax, antenne, and abdomen orange-yellow, two anterior segments of abdomen whitish. Palpi ochreous fuscous, whitish beneath. Legs white. Abdo- men white beneath. Forewings elongate, triangular; costa hardly arched, termen obliquely rounded; bright orange- yellow; markings dull reddish; costal edge dull reddish- orange; first line nearly straight, from costa at one-third to innermargin at one-third ; second from beneath costa at about one-half to innermargin beyond middle, with an acute projec- tion in middle; third from costa at about three-fourths to two-thirds across wing, more or less waved and curved inwards to join second in middle; cilia greyish-fuscous. Hindwings 68 with termen rounded; pale yellow, paler on basal half; first and third lines faintly indicated; an orange suffused streak along termen; cilia as in forewings. This insect stands in some collections as ertinctalis, Chris. Brisbane, Queensland ; one specimen in January. PYRAUSTA PETROSARCA, ND. Sp. Female, 30 mm. Head, palpi, antenne, thorax, legs, and abdomen pale fleshy-ochreous, palpi whitish at base beneath, middle and posterior legs whitish beneath. Forewings elon- gate, triangular, costa moderately arched, termen oblique, hardly rounded; pale fleshy-ochreous; an obscure, narrow, waved, pale fuscous line, from costa at three-fourths to inner- margin in middle; cilia greyish. Hindwings with termen rounded ; pale greyish-ochreous, paler on basal half; a faint fuscous median line, not appearing to reach either margin ; cilia greyish. Cooktown, Queensland ; one specimen in November. TORTRICINA. ATYCHIAD. ATYCHIA MESOCHRYSA, Nl. sp. Male and femaie, 16 mm. Head, palpi, antenne, thorax, legs, and abdomen blackish, hairs of palpi beneath whitish, abdomen with fine orange segmental rings. Forewings elon- gate, moderate, costa gently arched, termen obliquely rounded ; blackish-fuscous, with some fine obscure bluish-white scales ; cilia blackish. Hindwings with termen rounded; blackish fuscous; a moderately broad bright orange fascia, from costa before middle to before middle of innermargin, but hardly reaching it; gently sinuate inwards on lower edge; cilia fus- cous, terminal half orange, becoming wholly orange towards anal angle. Distinct by the orange fascia of hindwings; the haired palpi deviate from the other described species, but I do not consider it calls for generic distinction. Perth, Western Australia; two specimens, taken in Novem- ber, received from Mr. S. Angel. ATYCHIA EPISCOTA, Nn. Sp. Female, 12mm. Head, palpi, and thorax fuscous, obscurely mixed with dull iridescent whitish, palpi beneath white. An- tenn, legs, and abdomen dark fuscous, coxe strongly mixed with whitish, abdomen with bluish-white segmental rings. 69 Forewings elongate, moderate, costa nearly straight, termen obliquely rounded ; dark shining fuscous ; markings dull bluish- white; an elongate streak from base, above fold; a short outwardly oblique streak from one-third innermargin, reach- ing half across wing; an irregular patch of scales below costa at two-thirds from base; a row of scales along termen to anal angle, more or less continued along innermargin towards base ; cilia fuscous. Hindwings with termen rounded; blackish; a transverse dull blue-whitish fascia from before middle of costa to before middle of innermargin, divided into three spots by dark fuscous marks, more clearly defined below; cilia fuscous. terminal half bluish-white. Henley Beach, South Australia ; one specimen in November. ToRTRICOMORPHA LEIOCHROA, N. Sp. Male, 16 mm. Head, palpi, antenne, and thorax deep ochrecus-fuscous. Abdomen and legs fuscous, anterior cox white. Forewings elongate, moderate, slightly dilated pos- teriorly, costa nearly straight, termen gently rounded; dark ochreous-fuscous ; a hardly traceable transverse fuscous discal spot at two-thirds from base; cilia dark fuscous-ochreous. Hindwings with termen rounded; dark fuscous; cilia dark fuscous. Brisbane, Queensland; one specimen in December. TORTRICOMORPHA STILBIOTA, Nn. Sp. Male, 30 mm. Head and thorax deep purplish-fuscous, minutely irrorated with bluish-white scales. Palpi, antenne, and legs ochreous, terminal joint of palpi fuscous, anterior legs bright ochreous, all tarsi orange, ringed with blackish. Fore- wings elongate, moderate, costa gently arched, termen oblique ; deep purplish-fuscous, minutely irrorated throughout with bluish-white scales; an obscure blackish mark at one-third from base, in middle; an oblique blackish fascia from inner- margin at two-thirds to posterior end of cell; a row of blackish marks along termen; cilia dark fuscous. Hindwings with termen rounded ; dark smoky-fuscous; cilia greyish; black on basal half. Duaringa, Queensland; one specimen in January. TORTRICOMORPHA LICHNEOPA, Ni. Sp. Male, 16 mm. MHead,palpi, and thorax whitish-fuscous, greenish tinged, palpi white beneath with a fuscous ring at apex of second joint. Legs white. Antennz ochreous. Ab- domen fuscous, segmental margins greyish. Forewings rather 70 short, costa rather strongly arched, termen obliquely rounded ; whitish-fuscous, mixed with dull greenish; a rather broad black outwardly oblique fascia from one-third costa to three- fourths across wing; a fine black dentate line, from costa at two-fifths to innermargin at one-third, strongly angulated out- wards in middle; a narrow black streak from costa just before three-fourths to halfway across wing, thence continued as a suf- fused fascia to anal angle; a dentate line along termen; cilia ereenish-fuscous. Hindwings with termen rounded; black, thinly scaled ; cilia whitish, base blackish. Cooktown, Queensland ; one specimen in December. TORTRICOMORPHA MONODESMA, 0. sp. Male, 20 mm. Head, palpi, antenne, and thorax dark ochreous-fuscous. Abdomen fuscous, whitish beneath. Legs whitish, fuscous tinged. Forewings elongate, moderate, costa gently arched, termen obliquely rounded; dark ochreous fus- cous; a nearly straight snow-white line from costa at three- fifths to innermargin at two-thirds; ciliafuscous. Hindwings with termen,, sinuate in middle; black; cilia fuscous-whitish. Mackay, Queensland; one specimen in December. TINEINA. XYLORYCTID. CRYPTOPHAGA GYPSOMERA, Nl. Sp. Male,52mm. Head, palpi, antenne, legs, and thorax white, faintly ochreous-tinged, antennal pectinations 4, ochreous. Abdomen fuscous, white beneath, segmental margins white, second segment dull red. Forewings elongate, moderate, hardly dilated posteriorly, costa slightly arched, termen ob- lique ; white, faintly ochreous-tinged, especially along termen ; cilia snow-white. Hindwings with termen rounded, faintly sinuate before anal angle; fuscous; costal edge and termen to middle broadly snow-white ; cilia as in forewings. Closely allied to albicosta, Lew., but the total absence of markings of forewings are sufficient grounds for separating it from that species. The former species varies, but not to any extraordinary extent. Bairnsdale, Victoria; one specimen in January. GELECHIAD. YPSOLOPHUS LYGROPA, 0. sp. Female, 10 mm. Head, palpi, and antenne dull ochreous- grey, palpi fuscous on sides and beneath. Legs and abdomen 71 blackish, posterior tibie and tarsi grey. Forewings elongate, rather narrow, costa gently arched, termen obliquely rounded ; dull cchreous-greenish ; costa more or less strigulated through- out with blackish ; markings blackish ; a dot in middle at one- fourth from base, a second before middle, third beyond, the three forming a longitudinal seriegy and more or less edged with a whitd dot; aj fourth dot below and between second and third ; an obscure row of dotsalong termen and apical fourth of costa ; cilia fuscous, with a blackish median line. Hindwings with termen emarginate, apex somewhat produced ; blackish; cilia ereyish-fuscous. Wayville, South Australia; one specimen bred from Eucalyptus sp. in March. TINEIDZ. LEPIDOSCIA MELANOGRAMMA, Il. sp. Female, 18 mm. Head ochreous-orange. Thorax, antenne, and legs dark fuscous, posterior legs ochreous. Abdomen greyish. Forewings elongate, moderate, costa gently arched, termen obliquely rounded; 7 absent; light ochreous-yellow, with blackish markings; a thick basal streak; a moderately straight fascia, from costa~before middle to innermargin be- fore middle, constricted above innermargin; a thick subcostal bar uniting basal and first fascize, and enclosing a small spot of ground color on costa at one-sixth; a thick fascia from costa at three-fourths to anal angle, strongly curved outwards on lower half, and almost enclosing a small spot of ground color on anterior edge; a small discal spot above middle; a wedge-shaped spot from apex to middle of last fascia, abruptly narrowed on lower half; two small spots on middle of termen ; cilia ochreous, with a broad blackish bar at apex. Hindwings thinly scaled ; pale fuscous; 6 and 7 almost from a point; cilia ochreous. Stawell, Victoria; one specimen in July. Amongst the described species it appears to come nearest t une Meyr., but differs apart from the different position of markings of the forewings by the light fuscous hindwings. XYSMATODOMA RETINOCHRA, Nl. Sp. Male, 14 mm. Head ochreous, palpi ochreous. Thorax dark fuscous. Antenne and abdomen grey, legs fuscous, pos- terior pair greyish. Forewings elongate, moderate, costa gently arched, termen obliquely rounded; 7 absent; pale ochreous, with dull purplish-black markings; a narrow irre- gular streak along costa to one-sixth, at base extended to inner- 72 margin, an irregular spot on innermargin at one-fourth, reach- ing one-third across wing; an outwardly oblique fascia from about one-third costa to four-fifthsinnermargin, dilated on lower and with a sinuation above middle; a irregular fascia from three-fourths costa to/ anal angle, tolerably well defined on upper half, more or less broken into spots on lower half; disc between fascie finely strigulated on upper half; a moderate patch of strigule at apex, more or less reaching anal angle and joining second fascia; cilia pale ochreous. Hindwings thinly scaled ; pale fuscous; cilia fuscous. One specimen from Hobart, Tasmania in September. Not unlike the following, but differs by the ochreous ground color of forewings. XYSMATODOMA MICROZONA, Nl. Sp. Male, 16 mm. Head ochreous, palpi, and antennz fuscous. Thorax dark fuscous, with a whitish anterior spot. Abdomen and legs fuscous, posterior legs greyish-ochreous. Forewings elongate, moderate, costa gently arched, termen obliquely rounded ; 7 absent; white, with blackish markings, and irre- gulariy strewn with small blackish spots, hardly forming strigule ; costa spotted with blackish, one just before and one beyond middle larger, first followed beneath by a similar one; a short thick, hardly oblique streak from costa before three- fourths, reaching nearly half across wing; a narrow somewhat interrupted transverse fascia, from costa before apex to anal angle, most distinct on margin ; a suffused spot on innermargin in middle, and indications of a second at one-third; cilia whitish. Hindwings pale fuscous ; cilia fuscous-whitish. Semaphore, South Australia; one specimen in December. Somewhat allied to cataphracta, Meyr., but the absence of complete fasciz and ochreous head separate it from that species. XYSMATODOMA HEMICALYPTRA, Ni. Sp. Male, 16mm. MHead,palpi, antenne, thorax, abdomen, and lega dark fuscous, antennal ciliations over 1; posterior legs ochreous, abdomen beneath yellowish. Forewings elongate, mode- rate, costa gently arched, termen very obliquely rounded ; 7 ab- sent; dark fuscous, obscurely spotted and strigulated with darker ; spots towards apical portion of wings more clearly de- fined; a row of dark fuscous spots along termen and apical portion of wing; cilia dark fuscous. Hindwings pale yellowish, with suffused blackish band along termen, broadest at apex ; base of wing and innermargin fuscous; cilia as in forewings. Hoyleton, South Australia; one specimen in September. Not very near any other species known to me. 73 AYSMATODOMA HOLOZONA, N. sp. Male,18mm. MHead orange. Palpi, antenne, thorax, and abdomen purplish black, anal tuft orange. Legs dark fuscous, posterior pair dull ochreous. Forewings elongate, moderate, costa hardly arched, termen gently rounded, oblique; 7 absent ; ochreous-yellow, with well defined purple blackish markings ; a rather broad basal fascia, outer edge slightly oblique in- wards; a nearly straight moderately thick fascia, from costa in middle to middle of innermargin, slightly narrower on inner- margin ; amuch broader fascia, from costa at five-sixths to anal angle, much broader on upper half and containing a roundish spot of ground color on costa near anterior edge; a narrow streak along termen, reaching extremity of last fascia; cilia ochreous, fuscous at base. Hindwings bright orange yellow; basal and innermarginal hairs blackish ; a fine black line along termen, continued to apex, where it forms a small patch; cilia blackish. Balaclava, South Australia; one specimen in September. Allied to carlotta, Meyr., but widely distinct. IPHIERGA CRYPSILOPHA, N. sp. Male, 12-18 mm. Head, and palpi dull orange, palpi slightly tufted. Antenne and legs greyish-ochreous. Thorax dark fuscous. Abdomen greyish. Forewings elongate, moderate, costa hardly arched, termen strongly rounded; 4 absent; pale greyish- ochreous; markings ill-defined; fuscous; a moderate basal fascia ; four moderate spots on costa at one-third, just beyond middle, four-fifths and five-sixths, each indicating commence- ment of slender fasciz, of which the first and second only are just traceable, the others appear as fine dots or obscure strigule; a moderate spot on innermargin just before anal angle; some obscure fuscous dots along termen; cilia greyish- ochreous. Hindwings pale greyish; cilia greyish, ochreous at base. Mackay, Queensland; three specimens in November and December. Closely allied to pentulias, Meyr., of which it may prove to be a variety, but the absence of any prominent tuft on the palpi, which is a special character of that species, the greyish- ochreous legs, which in pentulias are dark fuscous, and the interrupted fascize of forewings seem to favor it being distinct. The female is probably apterous, as in Taleporia (a Euro- pean genus). 74 SCARDIA PORPHYREA, Nl. sp. Male, 20 mm. Head dull ochreous, spotted with fuscous.. Palpi ochreous-fuscous, second joint mixed with fuscous, strongly tufted, terminal joint obtuse, ochreous, with subbasal and subapical blackish rings. Thorax brownish, mixed with ochreous-whitish. Abdomen and antenne dark fuscous, abdo- minal segments ochreous. Legs ochreous-fuscous, tibie more or less ringed with whitish. Forewings elongate, moderate, costa moderately arched, termen obliquely rounded ; 7 to apex, 4 present, 8 and 9 stalked ; dark bronzy-fuscous, with numerous closely arranged dark fuscous and whitish dots and strigule ; a streak along fold and veins towards termen more or less: marked with metallic lilac; costa strigulated with alternate ochreous and fuscous spots, at one-fourth and beyond two- thirds the spots are larger and quadrate; an irregularly quad- rate spot on innermargin in middle reaching half across wing ; a spot on costa before apex, more or less continued to middle of termen ; cilia fuscous, somewhat barred with ochreous. Hind- wings shining purplish-fuscous ; cilia greyish-ochreous, with a fuscous subbasal line. North Queensland (Cooktown probably); one specimen in April. Nearest clonodes, Meyr., but apart from the structural dif- ference, it may be known by the lilac-metallic streaks, which though obscure are noticeable. The termination of vein 7 at apex may be an accidental deformity confined to the individual under notice. 75 FURTHER NOTES ON THE GEOLOGY OF KANGAROO ISLAND, By Watter Howcain, F.G.S. [Read April 7, 1903.] A second visit to Kangaroo Islaud enables me to offer some remarks on the Geology of the Island supplementary to those read before the Society in July, 1899. The observations now submitted chiefly concern— (a) Further evidences of Pre-Tertiary glacial remains. (0) Brief reference to the older rocks, including the granite of Cape Willoughby and two igneous intrusions. (c) Tne occurrence of fragments of asphaltum and _ fossil: resin on the south coast. (d) Evidences of occupation of the Island by an aboriginal. population. Pre-TERTIARY GLACIAL REMAINS. In my former paper (Trans. and Proc. Roy. Soc., 8.A., vol. XXIII, p. 198) the glacial till and associated erratics were described as covering a great part of the north-eastern peninsula of the Island. These remains were traced around Point Marsden and westward to Smith Bay; and inland, skirting both the north and south sides of the Gap Hills, with extension southwards. Further evidences of this extinct ice field have now been observed near Queenscliffe, Point Morrison, Hog Bay, and Antechamber Bay, along the eastern coast line of the Island. Queenscliffe—In revisiting this locality I have been able to confirm my first impressions by securing indisputable proofs of the occurrence of the ‘ till” in the neighbourhood, and also of the inferior position which the glacial beds occupy with regard to the Eocene limestone which forms the sea cliffs. The Eocene beds lie in eroded hollows of the glacial clay. This can be well seen at Beares Point, a little north of the jetty, where the Eocene limestone ends almost abruptly, abutting against the glacial clay which rises from beneath. Following the coast on the north side of the jetty the glacial beds exhibit a very uneven line of junction with the overlying beds, sometimes outcropping about sea level, and at others rising many feet above their level in the cliffs. In one of these swellings of the clay I obtained a very strongly glaciated erratic, a foot in length, which 76 was firmly set in the clay at a height of about 15 feet above high water mark. The glacial clay is covered, unconformably with a white, rather coarse sand and ironstone, averaging about 20 feet in thickness, and the latter is covered, in an eroded hollow of about 100 yards wide, with a thick basaltic flow, which forms the cappings of the principal heights in the vicinity. The order of succession is, therefore, as follows :— Basaltic sheet... ae ... about 100 feet White sand and ironstone ee es ZO Eocene limestone a nee 3 ia. = Glacial clay... oe (depth not proved) On the south side of the Queenscliffe Jetty the Eocene beds form the sea cliffs for about a mile, showing a very decided dip to the south-east,. Near the most southerly outcrop of these beds the rock is characterised chiefly by the remains of Echini, which occur in immense numbers. Cassidulus longianus is extremely common. Lchinolampus posterocrassus and Hupatagus cor- anguinum are also fairly common. At one horizon the rock for about a foot in thickness is exclusively composed of closely packed remains of Fibularia gregata. The waste of the sea ciiffs has liberated the Echini, which can be picked up in great numbers from amongst the shingle of the beach. A little further south the Eocene beds have disappeared in consequence of a plane of marine denudation having been cut by the sea along the line of parting of the glacial clay and the tertiary limestone. Fragments of the latter, in situ, can be seen asa thin covering on the exposed boulder clay between tide marks. The coast road going south-west crosses the Cygnet River about twe miles from the township. On passing down the hill leading to the flats bordering the Cygnet River, numerous erratics were noticed on cultivated clay land on the eastern side of the road. Several varieties of granite were noticed, some showing the same kind of opalescent quartz which was subse- quently recognised as a pretty constant feature of the granite of Cape Willoughby. Other erratics composed of a siliceous quartzite, &c., were also recognised. The largest ice-borne stone observed at this spot measured about two feet in its longer axis. After leaving the Cygnet Valley no further evidence of glacial deposits were observed in a journey south-westerly, by Hawk’s Nest and the Brecknell Sandhills. The country in this direction, with the exception of a low ridge of paleozoic rocks, is thickly covered with recent and pleistocene deposits, which effectually mask the older geological features. - Nepean Bay and Point Morrison.—The occurrence of glacial clay underlying the Eocene beds have already been described at 17 @ueenscliffe and for some distance south of the township along the beach. Near the head of Nepean Bay high clay banks occur, known as the “ Red Cliffs.” These could be distinctly seen from Queenscliffe, and are probably of glacial origin, but I had not the opportunity of examining them. Point Morrison forms the bold headland on the eastern side of Nepean Bay. The beach is occupied by rough outcrops of a dark- colored quartzite, somewhat micaceous in places! The beds are either vertical or slightly divergent, exhibiting acute anticlines. Observations were limited to the elon interval during which the steamer took in cargo. A granite boulder of small size was found on the beach, and the rich clay soil of the local homestead, owned by Mr. Thomas, indicate the presence of the glacial beds. Mr. Thomas informed me that in Newland Bay, two miles eastward of Point Morrison, some large granite boulders occurred on the beach. Hog Bay.—The largest patch of good arable land on Kangaroo Island occurs at Hog Bay, and owes its origin to the outcrop of glacial clay. The onnet is extremely rocky, Pail: in most cases the rocks face the sea in bold, precipitous, and often inaccessible cliffs. Two small bays near the township afford safe landing places. Glacial erratics are very numerous around Hog Bay. The smaller ones can still be seen on the ploughed ground, and the larger ones are generally either heaped in the field or drawn aside to the fence. They consist chietly of granite, gneiss, or quartzite. A granite boulder, measuring three feet six inches by two feet six Sees has been drawn, with others, from Mr. Buick’s paddock into the creek on the west side of the cultivated ground. The agricultural ground between Hog Bay and Kangaroo Head affords many examples. A dark-colored laminated quartzite, too large for removal, was noticed in one field on the east side of the Head. It has split into two fragments, each one being about three feet in length. The soil generally in these fields is of a very stony nature from the number of erratics contained in the clay. Some of the larger blocks have been apparently artificially broken. One of these, a granite split into two large and a number of smaller pieces, must originally have measured five feet by two feet. A small bay on the east side of Kangaroo Head proved to be specially interesting. Resting on old schistose rocks and a beach of sticky clay were seen a great number of very large erratics. The largest, a great gneissic block, measured six feet long by four and a-half feet broad and four feet high, with another block of the same kind of rock, of almost equal size, close to it, which 78 no doubt formerly formed one mass with its neighbor, Standing by this great boulder I counted eight other large granite and gneissic ‘boulders on the beach within easy sight. Two boulders, showing a close resemblance to the granite of Cape Willoughby, measured respectively four feet, and four feet nine inches, in their longer axes. This bay is backed by sloping clay banks and cultivated fields. The clay near the coast has been some- what rearranged by slips and rainwash, but it is very stony, and fair-sized erratics can be seen in the higher cultivated ground, A few erratics can also be seen by the side of the road in the township of Hog Bay, near the top of the cliffs, but the mest striking assemblage of these travelled stones is found within the limits of the small inlet of the sea known as Christmas Cove, or the “‘boat harbour.” Here the glacial clay slopes down to the beach, and within tide marks as well as standing out of the water, below low water line, a very great number of glacial erratics can be seen, ranging from small pebbles up to many tons in weight. Only a few of them can be referred to. (No. 1.} Near the head of the cove three very large granite blocks lying close together, near Ligh water mark, immediately attract the notice of the visitor. The three pieces have evidently formed one mass, which has split along joint planes and fallen asunder. The measurements of the respective fragments are as under :— Feet long. Feet broad. Feet tee (a) A long shaft-like mass, prostrate 2 + (6) Of pyramidal shape... yi ae 3 3 (c) Roughly pyramidal 53 34 34 (No. 2.) Near this group, but at a eee level, is a large dark-colored siliceous quartzite, quite distinct from the local rocks, which measures 5 feet 9 inches long, 5 feet broad, and 2 feet 9 inches in height. (No. 8.) On the east side of the cove another boulder of granite attracts the eye by its huge size and very coarsely por- phyritic structure. Numerous crystals of orthoclase fully two inches in length occur throughout the mass. It has also suffered fracture along a joint plane. Measurements, 8 feet by 5 feet 6 inches, by 4 feet 6 inches. (No. 4.) On the west side of the cove a large boulder of granite, finer in texture than the one last described, is left dry on the retreat of the tide. Like most of the granites in the cove, it is of a pinkish color, and measures 6 feet 3 inches by 4 feet 3 inches by 2 feet 6 inches. There are several other examples within the cove which nearly, if not quite, equal the proportions of those described, whilst the stony beach as a whole has gathered most of its material from the glacial clay which forms its banks. Heo bo|e 79 Following the trend of the coast, on the east side of Hog Bay the cultivated land continues to show many erratics, some of considerable size, up to the level of the inland plateau, estimated at about 300 feet above sea level. The larger stones can be seen mostly along the fences or near the waterholes. Antechamber Bay.—The coast between Hog Bay and Ante- chamber Bay presents the features of lofty and precipitous cliffs, which rarely give access to the sea, the waves for the most part breaking against the base of the cliffs, with no beach space. Within four miles of Cape Willoughby, however, there is a not- able break in the continuity of the cliffs at Antechamber Bay, with sandhills for several miles in extent. Towards the south- east portion of the bay a group of erratics can be seen between tide marks. Seven granite boulders were counted ; the largest measured 7 feet by 4 feet 9 inches by 4 feet high, and another 6 feet by 3 feet 6 inches. The journey between Hog Bay and Cape Willoughby was made by road through dense scrub, which afforded but slight opportunities for making geological observations, more particu- larly as the surface was generally occupied by comparatively recent deposits of sand and yellowish clay. It is highly probable that the glacial clay underlies some of these superficial deposits, and in places may be so near the surface that deep ploughing might bring it within reach of cultivation. The observations now submitted cover the coastal districts for thirty miles in direct line between Queenscliffe and the southern end of Antechamber Bay, and shews that the great Pre-Tertiary icefield included the eastern side of Kangaroo Island. The great number of granite and gneissic boulders which occur in the till indicate that the centre of dispersion was in the great granitic region which lies to the south of the continent, and which is now, with the exception of a few isolated headlands and islands, sub- merged in the Southern Ocean. To produce ice sufficient for the transport of the enormous amount of morainic matter which is spread over many thousands of square miles of land and sea requires that these granitic highlands which formed the snow- fields in Pre-Tertiary times should have been of considerable elevation and extent. Travelling ice must have done much towards the removal of this lost mountain range, but what the ice did not complete has been most effectively done by the sea, which has reduced the former high lands to a submerged conti- nental shelf fringing the southern shores of Australia, and from which Tasmania and other islands still raise their heads above the waterline. In tracking the path of the ice agents, by means of their “‘spoor,” back to the south-eastern portions of Kangaroo 80 Island, we have probably reached the extreme southern limits of our observations in the direction of their source. Beyond this. point the sea shrouds the rest in its eternal mysteries. GENERAL GEOLOGICAL NOTES Observations on the geology of Kangaroo Island have been published by the French navigator and explorer, Peron ;* the late Professor Ralph Tate,j Mr. H. Y. L. Brown{ (Government Geologist), aud the present writer.§ Whilst the principal object of my late visit to the Island had reference to the occurrence of glacial evidences, a few general observations were made, and | take the present opportunity of placing them on record. ARCH AN OR PALZXOZOIC. On the southern side of the Cygnet River the land rises to a low ridge, which forms the geological axis and watershed of the Island. This elevated land shows an exposure of older Palzeozoic ° rocks, consisting of soft, easily decomposed flaggy quartzites, somewhat rarely interbedded with clay slates. The beds have an E.N.E. and W.S.W. strike, the latter being very persistent in direction, so far as my observations extended on the Island. The older rocks, which form the geological axis of the Mount Lofty Ranges, gradually curve westerly as they approach Cape Jervis, whilst the strike slowly changes from approximately north and south to a direction more nearly east and west. This occidenta- tion of the strike is still further accentuated on Kangaroo Island, the geology of which must be regarded in its main axis as simply a continuation of the ranges which constitute the physiographical backbone of South Australia. On both sides of this quartzose range, and on its lower slopes, the subsoil is a yellowish clay, usually covered with a few inches of loose sand and small ironstone gravel. The south side of the Island is included within the highly metamorphic zone which is characteristic of the eastern side of the Mount Lofty Ranges, the rocks of which follow a similar westerly curve as the less altered beds already described. This metamorphic belt takes in the bed rocks of the Murray Plains, the coast line of Port Elliot, Port Victor, and the principal head- lands on the south side of Kangaroo Island. It is to the existence of these granite headlands that Kangaroo Island owes its preser- vation from complete marine denudation. Unfortunately, great thicknesses of recent deposits overlie these plutonic rocks along *Voyage de Lécouvertes aux Terres Australes. +Trans Roy. Soc., S.A., v. VI., p 116. tReport, Dec. 13, 1898. SLoe. cit. ante. 81 the south coast and obscure their outcrops, limiting their study, for the most part, to small, isolated inliers. The only granitic outcrop that I had the opportunity of visit- ing was at Cape Willoughby. The Cape is a bold granite foreland at the eastern extremity of Kangaroo Island. Its high cliffs, broken masses, and deep clefts present a scene of rugged gran- deur, especially when the storms of the Southern Ocean try their full force on these weather-beaten rocks. The granite consists of pink-colored orthoclase, opalescent quartz, and pockets of biotite. The rock splits up along joint planes, and is everywhere under- going disintegration by spheroidal exfoliation, producing enor- mous hemispherical or subglobular masses. Near the extreme point of the Cape a large intrusive mass of fine-grained aplite takes the place of the granite, and exhibits numerous reticulated veins penetrating the granite. The line of junction between the granite and aplitic intrusion is very sharp and well defined, and as the Jatter has not weathered to such a degree as the granite, the veins stand up as low ridges above the granitic surface. The granite occupies about three miles of coast line, but I had not the opportunity of visiting the points of junction between the granite and the schistose rocks of the district. Granite boulders were noticed at some distance inland from the Cape, but with the granite outcrops so near it would be a doubtful matter to refer such scattered granite stones in their present position to the agency of ice. The exposed granite surface was carefully examined for ice marks, but its weathered condition and comparatively rapid exfoliation precluded the possibility of such markings having survived so great an interval of time, except where specially protected. I was, however, struck with the rounded and roche moutonnée contour of the. granite, as it sloped away from the cliffs, and it is quite possible that the larger features of the surface may still retain the outline given to it by the moving ice. The sea beach, on both sides of the headland, exhibits a wonderful assemblage of large, rounded granite boulders, worn by wave action into spherical or subspherical masses: piled on each other, and rendering the beach almost impassable to pedestrians. At Hog Bay the bed rock is a fine-grained biotite schist, some- times passing into a more siliceous stone, standing at a high angle of dip which varies from 45° to 80°S.E. The whole of the schistose series gives evidence of the great strain it has undergone in the process of folding, not only in the numerous instances of local contortion, but also by the great number and extent of the quartz veins which run in every direction, and often develop into bunches. The quartz is often tinged with a 82 ruddy hue or is smoky. These micaceous beds constitute a large proportion of the paleeozoic rocks of the Island, and can be followed along the slopes of the surrounding hills and far inland. In Christmas Cove (Boat Harbour), and following the beach for a considerable distance in a westerly direction, is a very re- markable conglomerate bed. It differs from the most of beds of this character in that the stones, which range upwards in size to ten or twelve inches, being set without arrangement in a matrix of fine deposit. The ground mass is finely micaceous, flakey, and with its included pebbles, greatly sheared: Professor Tate, in the article already referred to, mentions this bed, and states that the included pebbles were angular and subangular. So far as my observation went the pebbles were uniformly rounded and consisted mainly of quartz, quartzites, and granites, many of them fractured or sheared under pressure. On the west side of the township a series of these conglomerate beds occur close together, having an aggregate thickness of about 27 feet. About the centre of the series is a well-defined bed, three to four feet in thickness, which although schistose when split, has the appearance of having been laid down as an unstratified deposit. In some respects it has the appearance of a glacial bed, and presents many points of resemblance to the supposed old paleozoic till bed of the mainland, as it occurs in the metamorphosed area of Barossa, Balhannah, and Inman Valley. IcnEous DYKES. About the centre of Antechamber Bay the sea cliffs are com- posed of the locally characteristic dark-colored, fine-grained mica schists, having a strike E.N.E. and W.S.W., dipping southerly, at 80°. Above this rocky cliff Mr. Nathaniel Simpson has his homestead, which is built upon an igneous dyke that runs some- what irregularly east and west for nearly a mile in length, but is not always apparent at the surface. Although within less than a hundred paces from the sea cliff, the dyke is not seen in the face of the cliff, having evidently died out in this short distance. Tt has the features of a close-grained diabase (aphanite), but has not received petrological examination. Some of the contact rock (which is normally a fine-griined biotite schist) is converted into amphibole schist, with the structure of ‘“ tadpole” rock. Mr. H. Y. L. Brown (Report, 1898) mentions a dolerite dyke as occurring at Cuttle Fish Bay, which I was unable to visit, but at the homestead of Mr. Tretheway, a little to the north of Cuttle Fish Bay, there is a considerable exposure of an igneous neck or dyke, in the form of a knoll. The rock is very fine grained, carrying gas cavities. The amygdaloids filling these cavities are about the size of pins’ heads, or a little larger, and are formed of 83 some ferruginous mineral which easily decomposes, leaving behind ‘a reddish stain. Gem STONEs. Whilst at Queenstown, Mr. Cox, of Antechamber Bay, brought ‘over a number of stones for my inspection which he had collected on the Island. Amongst these were a few green and pink (rubel- lite) varieties of tourmaline, transparent, of good quality and likely to be of value as gems. Some of the specimens shown me contained the precious tourmaline in a granitic matrix. I[ regretted that my arrangements would not permit my visiting the spot where they had been obtained TERTIARY (HOCENE). A very limited but interesting outlier of Eocene limestone occurs at Cape Willoughby, near the lighthouse, exhibiting a cliff face towards the sea The beds are about 15 to 20 feet in thick- ness, resting unconformably on the granite. Immense boulders of granite, as well as smaller ones, are included within the Eocene beds, showing that the promontory was under the influ- ence of marine denudation as far back as the Lower Tertiary. These beds are sparingly fossiliferous, and have been greatiy leached. The lime thus extracted has been redeposited near its source, forming a surface layer of travertine on much of the ground which forms the landward slopes. Post-TERTIARY AND RECENT. On the south side of the watershed in the main portion of the Island, numerous lagoons, varying from fresh to salt, are a marked feature. Murray’s Lagoon, situated a little west of Hawk’s Nest, is one of the largest of these. It measures three miles by two miles in extent, and has generally been sufiiciently fresh to be used for stock, but at the time of my visit it was at its lowest known level, being sufficiently dry to permit us walking into the centre. What appeared from a distance to be a number of large stones lying near the centre of the lake, proved on examination to be masses of tufaceous lime- stone, a foot or two high. These accretions, which had evidently been formed in the lake waters, consisted largely of brackish water gastropods and the carapaces of entomostraca, cemented © together by carbonate of lime and other mineral matter. It is evident that the lagoon has been at one time much larger than its present margins would indicate, as a marly limestone, thickly studded with the lake faunx, occupies the surrounding rises, in- cluding the knoll on which the Hawks Nest Homestead, occupied by Mr. A. J. Florance, is built, at a mile distance from the present edge of the lagoon. Similar fossiliferous marls were 84 found several feet in thickness at the base of the inner sandhills bordering the coast, where there is at present no evidence what- ever of a lagoon area. Professor Tate, in his Geological Notes on Kangaroo Island, already referred to, says, “In most instances the margin of the inundated ground is fringed by a sheet of calcareous travertine of several inches thick, derived from, and including Bulinus. Not always is the mollusk living over the same area, inasmuch as through lapse of time the waters have acquired a too saline property for its existence. The large sheet of water called Murray’s Lagoon is in this state; whilst its former extension and comparative freshness of its water are indicated by the con- siderable area above present water level covered by a white chalky clay teeming with the shells of a species of that freshwater water-snail.” The diagnosis of Professor Tate in this particular seems to be at fault, as the remains referred to Bulinus are really those of the common brackish water species Comzella confusa, found abundantly in our marine marshes and saline lagoons. In this determination I am supported by Dr. Verco and Mr. Bednall. The country lying between the watershed and the coast possesses few features of geological interest. A superficial travertine crust, with patches of sand, effectually hides the underlying rocks, the difficulties of travel being very great by reason of a dense scrub, which for the most part is impenetrable. In company with a guide I made for the coast at the Brecknell Sandhills, about nine miles from Hawk’s Nest, in a south-west direction, taking advantage of the old whalers track to the beach so far as it could be recognised. The limestone passes under the blown sand bordering the coast, and forms high cliffs on the shore. The hills of blown sand, which everywhere border the coast, are remarkable for their great extent and height. In the peninsula headed by Cape Gautheaume they have a breadth of nine miles, and at the Brecknell from one to one-and-a-half miles. Over much of this area the sand is constantly shifting, and pro- duces hills of remarkable size and aspect. At the Brecknells one hill was probably not less than 300 feet high, destitute of a single blade of green, a mountain of clean white sand like driven snow. The struggle between living vegetation and wind, in this disputed country, is severe and never ceases, and often leads to curious effects. Tree capped heights are separated from a range and entirely surrounded with deep-cut wind drifts, which are surely undermining the last vestige of vegetation on its island height. Or, in other instances, chemical action has so far consolidated a small patch of sand that it is able to defy the 85 effects of the wind. The wind works around the hardened crust. until it scoops out a conical hill 30 or 50 feet high, as in the case of one very conspicuous height of this kind amongst the Brecknells, known as the “Pyramid.” We struck the coast at an unnamed but interesting bay about four miles east of Nobby’s. Island. The headlands of this bay are bold and extremely rough, especially those on the west side, which rise to a height of 100 feet, and gradually slope towards the point. The headlands are entirely composed of recent ur pleistocene deposits. Succes- sive layers of travertine limestone, interbedded with more or less. indurated blown sands, are exposed in the face of the cliffs, the weathering of the sand-rock showing very strikingly the lines of oblique lamination arising from its mode of origin. Near the extremity of the western headland, only accessible at low water, is a natural arch cut out by the sea about 20 feet in height, with an eagle’s nest occupying the top near the centre of the arch. Passing under the arch, access was gained to a very secluded cove, in which the structure of these wrial deposits exhibited some remarkable and instructive features. There are few places, if any, in the world where sand dunes occur in such magnitude, or could be more effectively studied, than along the south coast of Kangaroo Island. The existence of such an enormous amount of sea-worn sand raises the question of its origin. The present limited coast line of Kangaroo Island seems disproportionate and inadequate for the accumulation of such a vast amount of waste material. Many things point to the former existence of a great mountain range to the south of the continent, as already suggested, and which is. now represented only by the granitic zone on the southern sea- board, which is to a great extent submerged. The south coast of Kangaroo Island would be on the northern flanks of this lost mountain range, and it is possible that the extensive accumula- tions of sand along the south coast may be the remains of the waste of what was once the main watershed of the southern portions of South Australia. The great thickness of the recent and pleistocene beds entirely obscures the paleeozoic rocks of the country traversed, but beach pebbles of the softish paleozoic quartzite, already described as outcropping inland, suggests the close proximity of this rock. A black flint with white coating, very characteristic of the Kocene limestones of the south-east of the State, was picked up on the beach within the bay, which may have been derived from beds of this age not far distant. Evidences of a raised sea beach were obtained at the Breck, nells, on the south coast, where a white travertine limestone thickly studded with marine shells, occurred in slabs a few feet. above high-water mark. 86 The recent elevation of the land on the eastern side of the Island has materially affected the contour of Antechamber Bay. At the head of the bay Chapman’s River marks the site of what was once an arm of the sea or estuary running much further into the land than at present, its former outline being indicated by raised sea beaches, lagoons, marsh, and sandhills. ASPHALTUM AND Fossit RESINS. The occurrence of a pitch-like substance along the southern shores of Kangaroo Island has attracted attention for many years and awakened hopes of finding mineral oil in the locality that has led at various times to trial bores being sunk. Mr. Tolmer, in his ‘‘ Reminiscences,” says that as far back as about 1844 he found loose fragments of pitch at several points on the south coast, aud 20 years later he was shown the spot where the substance exuded from the rocks. Professor Ralph Tate visited the site of one of these trial bores, and from the enquiries insti- tuted by him, expressed the opinion without any reservation that these carbonaceous products were nothing more than “ waifs” of the shore. The Government Geologist, Mr. H. Y. L. Brown, in examining portions of the coast line where the substance had been obtained (South-West River and Hog Bay River) savas led to the same conclusion. Near the close of last year a report was current in Adelaide that the material was found inland, at a considerable elevation above sea level, and could be seen in situ, which awakened fresh interest in the matter, and induced the writer io undertake a journey to the locality to test the value of these new assertions. With regard to the main object of my visit, the results were dis- appointing, but at the same time I cannot claim that they were absolutely conclusive. The materials which created the hope of finding mineral oil in the vicinity are of two kinds— (a) A kind of asphaltuwm, usually occurring in more or less flat cakes, up to three or four inches in thickness, or in smail broken fragments. (0) Dark-colored travertine limestone, brown to black, either as angular fragments, or similarly dark-colored lime- stone crust. The black coloring of the stone was supposed to arise from the infiltration of bituminous matter. My observations included the following points :— 1. The asphaltum occurs in blown sand, or on surfaces lately denuded of sand by the wind. On the east side of the bay I picked up a fragment about six inches in diameter and subglobu- lar in form. On the west side of the bay, in a sand cliff about 87 six feet high facing the sea, a large flat piece of the pitch about 15 inches long was taken from the face of the sand bank about one foot from the bottom. 2. The specimens above mentioned were found on the beach, near high-water mark. A few small fragments were picked up amongst the sandhilis, to about a mile from the coast. They showed fresh conchoidal fractures. 3. In no case was the material found either included within a rock or filling the crevices of a rock. 4. In conversation with Mr. Buck, of Point Marsden, who had for many years in earlier life been in the sealing trade, I was told that the old sealers not only were acquainted with its occurrence on the coast, but used it for pitching their boats ; that they found it from Flour Cask Bay, on the eastern side of the Island, as well as at other places along the coast towards the west, around the south end of Hyre’s Peninsula, and on the adjacent islands, ‘and as far west as Cape Aird in Western Australia. In all instances it was picked up at or about high-water mark. [A substance precisely similar has been found on the beach near the extreime south-eastern limits of the State. | 5. With respect to the black-colored limestunes, the conclusion that they owe their color to the presence of bituminous matter is evidently a false inference. Under analysis these black stones yield only a very slight indication of carbon, but a somewhat strong reaction for iron. Whatever may be the cause of this dark coloring, it is certainly not local, except it be from proximity to the sea. I noticed the occurrence of these black limestones along every part of the coast that I visited, not only along the south coast, but also at Queenscliffe and Cape Willoughby. Where the solid limestone crust was colored black, it always occurred on the elevated and exposed points, never underground, the reverse of what might have been expected had it arisen from bituminous saturation. I did not notice this effect on limestone distant from thesea. My first impression was that these black stones were stained by successive growths of a black lichen which has its habitat on limestones that are situated within reach of the sea spray or strong sea air, and that the vegetable growth kept pace with the travertine growth, successive growths being incorporated in the stone producing a black carbonaceous stain. The analyses referred to point to a mineral rather than a vege- table origin of this curious effect. In relation to the occurrence of the asphaltum material the following deductions appear to be justified :— 1. It is self-evident that the material has not been formed where found, and must therefore have travelled, more or less, from its original source. This is shown by (a) its fragmentary 88 character ; (6) sharp, clean fractures; (c) its occurrence in loose sand ; (d) absence of any local geological evidence of rocks of this type. 2. The evidence, so far as it goes, points in the direction that these fragments have been introduced into the locality in com- paratively recent times. Recently formed surface limestope and sand rock are extensively developed in the neighborhood, and rise into cliffs one hundred feet high. These rocks in consoli- dating have caught up into their mass whatever surface material may have been at hand, Had the bituminous matter originated in the locality it seems highly probable that some evidence of its occurrence would have been shown in these recent superficial beds. Although carefully looked for, not a vestige of such could be found. The inference is that the bituminous material has been introduced into the locality subsequently to the formation of these recently consolidated beds, or that it exists locally in very limited quantities. In conclusion, three explanations may be considered in accounting for this occurrence over so great a length of sea- board. 1. That the bituminous material has been derived from a natural bed locally developed. Whilst not impossible such a view we regard as highly improbable. No visible rock in the district is at all likely to produce bituminous material, which can only be derived from the decomposition of organic matter, the existence of which in the local rocks there is not the slightest evidence. If it has a natural and local origin it is almost certainly sub-marine, and most likely of Tertiary age. Beds of this age have been already referred to as outcropping on the Island, but in both the localities mentioned their base is exposed, the one resting on glacial clay, and the other on granite, without the slightest indication of bituminous material. Moreover, had the asphaltum oozed out beneath the sea the material would certainly have become mixed with a good deal of foreign matter, whilst the specimens found are very uniform and pure. It is worth remarking that in Cuba submarine beds of asphal- tum are worked at four ditferent localities. The beds are con- tained in rocks of Lower Hocene age, and have been mined in water from 80 to 125 feet in depth for the past 25 years. One of these deposits, situated in Cardenas Bay, is of unusual rich- ness, and is described in its appearance as resembling cannel coal with a more brilliant lustre. Whilst the geological evidence is decidedly unfavorable, the peculiar conditions under which mineral oil is sometimes found imposes on us a measure of caution in athirming that it is impossible to occur on our shores as a natural product. 89 2. The agency of man. In the days of wooden vessels pitch -was always carried on board as an essential article for repairs, .&c., and would no doubt be often lost at sea from various causes, just as stray pieces of coal are washed up at intervals all along the coast ; its low specific gravity being favorable to its wide distribution. Its occurrence inland can be explained by the old ‘sealers and whalers carrying it inland to their homes, and from its friable nature dropping small pieces by the way. It may be -dcubted, however, whether such an explanation satisfies all the facts of the case. (3) A third explanation may be sought in the fragments being sea borne and far travelled. This supposition gathers weight ‘from the considerations that the material has an odour and plia- bility which distinguishes it from the commercial article; whilst ‘its wide distribution, including the entire southern sea board of South Australia, is difficult to explain on the grounds either of local origin or loss at sea. So extensive an occurrence requires a distributing agent operating on a grand scale, such as ocean currents. A point of considerable interest in this view of the -subject is the association of lumps of fossil resin with the bitu- minous materfal, the two classes of substances occurring in the same localities and under the same conditions of distribution. ‘There is a high probability that they have been transported from a common source. The erosion of river banks, or the operation -of waves on cliffs, in which these substances are contained, would set them free ; and on account of their low specific gravity would be easily floated and carried to great distances when brought ‘within the influence of oceanic currents. The great antarctic outflow towards lower latitudes impinges on the southern shores -of Australia, and follows an easterly direction through Bass Strait and southern coast of Tasmania to New Zealand. This precludes the idea that the bituminous and resinous minerals have travelled hence from New Zealand. The trend of the -oceanic drift which reaches our southern shores takes in Kergue- len and other islands of the southern sea in its course, and it may be found that these waifs of the sea may have had their origin in these distant islands. In Kerguelen poor seams of coal are ‘known to exist, as well as fossilifercus beds, which the late Pro- ‘fessor Ralph Tate determined by their molluscan fauna to be of Tertiary age. These two geological factors give some plausi- ‘bility to the view that the sea-borne materials may have been derived from such a source. I regret that the resinous samples have not been subjected to such an analysis as might enable us to place them in comparison with similar substances from well- ‘known localities. 90 ABORIGINAL OCCUPATION OF KANGAROO ISLAND. Prof. Tate, in his excellent resumé of the early history of the Island, says (loc. cit.), ‘‘ Flinders and Peron have each remarked on the absence of any trace of man’s sojourn on the Island.” In my brief visit I was fortunate in securing unmistakeable evidences of the former presence of the aboriginal race on Kangaroo Island. These evidences were— 1. The occurrence of stone implements showing human work mansbip. Eight hammer stones bearing clear evidence of use were picked up by me near Hawk’s Nest. They consist of smooth, water-worn pebbles of a close-grained quartzite, such as were commonly used by the natives of the mainland as hammer stones or for chipping into implements. The presence of fresh water near Hawk’s Nest would make it a suitable place for the natives to camp at, and as I spent two nights on the ground, I had better facilities for obtaining such objects there than at most places visited. Amongst the blown sandhills of the coast I also obtained some chipped quartz. The workmanship is rough, but there can be no- doubt they were made by human agency. | 2. A kitchen-midden on top of headland at the east side of bay at the Brecknells. The cliffs are about thirty feet above sea level, with their upper surface slanting gently to the sea. The surface, which has at one time been covered with blown sand, is. now bare to the rock, and is literally covered with broken shells. over a distance of fifty yards by twenty yards. ____—__ VOL. XXVIL, Part IL, [Wirn T wo PLATES. | INCLUDING PROCEEDINGS AND REPORTS. EDITED BY WALTER HOWCHIN, F.GS. ————————— _o____—_ ISSUED DECEMBER, 1903. PRICE, FIVE SHILLINGS. ¥ ‘Adelaide : W. C. RIGBY, 74, KING WILLIAM STREET. — — —— Parcels for transmission to the Royal Society of South Aus- tralia, from Europe and America, should be addressed ‘‘ per W. C. Rigby, care Messrs Thos. Meadows & Co., 34, Milk Street, Cheapside, London.”’ eet. | Le Le Sa ee wiaruLaA \ ve” oy ~~ ryare ai i. an f Om Wah ae u n “} a ~ =~ ay : a | Plwevots ie»: fou if $ : = sae - n. Rea oe | Se ae a 7 Tas Resse) Saige Te re - =~ i i ) as 2 y ry rd A Ps = i #09 nt : + Ue ’ 7 , - i ae 0 " mint YLOI00 AWA (VE Ch cue , 4 | COAU RACE L CS 183 DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW GENERA AND SPECIES OF AUSTRALIAN LEPIDOPTERA. By Oswatp B. Lower, F.E.S. (Lonp.), &c. [Read June 2, 1903. ] BOMBYCINA. LASIOCAMPID. ~OPSIRRHINA CYCLOMELA, Ni. sp. Male and female, 60-120 mm. JHead, face, thorax, and legs deep mahogany-red, all tarsi suffusedly ringed with dull ochreous-whitish, posterior tibie ochreous. Antenne fuscous, pectinations ochreous. Abdomen yellow above, with broad black segmental bands, beneath mahogany-red. Forewings elongate, triangular, termen obliquely rounded; deep maho- gany-red, more or less irrorated with dull whitish scales, especially in female; four obscure, similar dull fuscous moderate, curved, fascie; first from: one-sixth costa to about one-fourth innermargin ; second parallel beyond; third from costa in middle to middle of innermargin ; fourth parallel be- yond ; a curved row of more or less connected fuscous spots from costa at four-fifths to anal angle; a dull fuscous discal spot; all these markings sometimes absent, especially in female; cilia mahogany-red. Hindwings with termen strongly rounded ; deep mahogany-red, strongly mixed with yellowish along innermargin and at base; lines as in forewings, but first two hardly traceable ; cilia as in forewings. This fine insect is apparently undescribed, and at Dr. Turner’: suggestion I am doing so. The female is a very heavily built insect and much liable to become greasy. Cooktown and Duaringa, Queensland; several specimens from late Mr. G. Barnard taken in March GEOMETRINA, HYDRIOMENIAD. HYpyYcnopa, n:, g. Face with small cone of scales. Palpi short, porrected. Antenne in male bipectinated throughout. Posterior tibiz with all spurs present. Forewings with areole double; 12 184 free, vein 6 sometimes out of 9 Hindwings with patch of modified yellow scales; 6 and 7 stalked. Type, delotis, Low. Somewhat allied to Xanthorhe, Hb., on the one hand, but with some reversionary tendency to Melitulias, Meyr. HyPYCNOPA DELOTIS, n. sp. Male and female, 23-25 mm. Head, antennz, thorax, legs and abdomen ashy-grey-whitish. Antennal pectinations at greatest length 6, abdomen banded with blackish, tibie and tarsi obscurely ringed with whitish. Forewings elongate, triangular, termen entire, oblique; ashy-grey-whitish, finely strigulated throughout with transverse blackish lines; mark- ings black; a fine curved transverse line near; edges of median band limited by fine lnes; anterior from one-third costa to one-third innermargin, gently curved, anteriorly edged by a dull whitish band, containing a fine line of fuscous throughout; posterior edge from two-thirds costa to two-thirds innermargin, waved throughout, with a moderate bidentate projection in middle, sinuate above and below this, and with a slight indentation on fold; a transverse line, thicker on jower half, from costa in middle of median band, thence in- wardly oblique to innermargin and there coalescing with anterior edge of band, forming aj thick streak, followed by a parallel line just beyond : a short oblique streak from just beneath apex and reaching a fine waved double subterminal line; a row cf elongate black streaks along termen; cilia fuscous with a dark median line. Hindwings with termen very faintly waved ; whitish fuscous, with faintly waved trans- verse fuscous lines; edges of median band only discernible on innermargin ; a postmedian transverse fuscous line, followed by a parallel, but more waved fuscous line; an elongate patch of yellow scales below costa in middle, absent in female; cilia greyish-fuscous. Recalls Phrissogonus imsigillatus, Walk., especially the female. Broken Hill, New South Wales, male; Birchip, Victoria, female; both taken in April. The latter specimen taken by Mr. D. Goudie. | MESOPTILA ANTHRACIAS, Low. (P. L. S., N.S.Wi5 489% mel) I submitted a specimen of this insect to Sir Geo. Hampson, who informs me that it is not referable to the Geometrina, but to the Noctuina in the genus Raparna, so that the remarks in reference thereto may be treated as non-existent. It will now stand as:— Seis 185 | RAPARNA ANTHRACIAS, and is referable to the Hypenine. | XANTHORHG HYPOGRAMMA, Ni. Sp. Male, 24mm. Head, palpi, antenne, thorax, and abdomen ochreous, palpi, fuscous on sides and above on basal half, antennal pectinations (?). Abdomen with pairs of fuscous spots on each segment. Legs ochreous, anterior and middle pair banded with fuscous. Forewings elongate, triangular, termen rounded, faintly waved; pale ochreous, with fuscous markings ; costa shortly strigulated from base to anterior edge of median band; a curved line from one-sixth costa to one- sixth innermargin; basal area fuscous-tinged; median band broad, anterior edge from one-third costa to one-third inner- margin, gently curved inwards throughout, followed by two parallel lines; most distinct on margins; posterior edge from costa beyond two-thirds to innermargin beyond two-thirds, slightly angulated just’ below costa, and with a prominent median projection, somewhat sinuate above and below this, anteriorly edged throughout by a moderate, thick parallel shade, which is again edged anteriorly by a fine parallel line, leaving middle of band clear ground color; a well defined curved discal spot; a suffused spot on costa near apex; an irregular oblique streak from termen just below apex, con- tinued as a short subterminal band to nearly half across wing, space between posterior edge of median band and termen marked with fine transverse pencillings of light fuscous; a series of dots along termen, arranged in pairs; cilia ochreous. Hindwings with termen faintly waved; pale ochreous; a well defined blackish discal dot; median fascia blackish, anterior edge suffused, postericr edge well defined, gently curved, somewhat prominent in middle; two or three obscure short parallel lines of fuscous above anal angle; dots along termen and cilia as in forewings. Underside of hindwings pale ochreous, markings of upperside reproduced, but much more distinct; discal dot connected with base by a black bar ; parallel lines above anal angle forming a subterminal band. The antenne being imperfect: render the position of this species uncertain ; it is very unlike any other known to me. Bairnsdale, Victoria; one specimen in February. MONOCTENIAD. TAXEOTIS DASYZONA, N. sp. a Female, 26 mm. Head, thorax, abdomen, and’. legs ochreous-grey. ~Face and palpi blackish ferruginous, palpi 186 sharply white on basal half beneath. Antenne ochreous. Forewings elongate, triangular, termen faintly bowed, slightly sinuate beneath apex; 12 free; ochreousgrey, with fuscous markings; a small spot below costa at one-fourth, a second above innermargin at one-third, and a third midway betiween ; a moderate, round, pale centred discal spot; a moderately thick fuscous shade from costa at three-fourths to innermargin at three-fourths, somewhat sinuate inwards on lower half; a row of dots along termen ; cilia ochreous-fuscous. Hindwings with color, markings, and cilia as in forewings, but first three dots absent and fuscous shade nearly straight. Nearest anthracopa, Meyr., but quite distinct by the neural character and markings. Hoyleton, South Australia; one specimen in December. TAXEOTIS HOLOSCIA, N. sp. Female, 24mm. Head, thorax, and abdomen dark fuscous, somewhat leaden-tinged. Antenne fuscous. Face and palpi deep blackish fuscous, base not white beneath. Legs dark fuscous. Forewings elongate, triangular, termen gently rounded, faintly sinuate beneath apex; dark leaden-fuscous ; 11 connected by bar with 12; an erect blackish mark on innermargin at one-third ; a small spot on costa at one-fourth and another midway between, the three forming a somewhat. curved series; a moderate fuscous discal spot; a row of some- what connected small fuscous spots from costa at three-fourths. to innermargin at two-thirds, gently curved outwards on upper half; a fine fuscous line along termen, more or less interrupted into spots; cilia fuscous, darker on basal half, with a distinct grey parting line. Hindwings dark fuscous, minutely irrorated with black; two short blackish lines from inner- margin before and beyond middle, the latter better developed ; line along termen and cilia as in forewings. Not unlike some forms of female zntertata, but the dif- ferent position of lines as well as the wholly dark palpi at once separate 1t. Brisbane, Queensland ; one specimen in October. TAXEOTIS XANTHOGRAMMA, Nl. Sp. Male, 26 mm. Head and thorax greyish-ochreous. Abdo- men silvery-grey. Face and palpi dark fuscous, palpi 15, not white beneath. Antenne deeply dentate, ciliations 1. Legs fuscous. Forewings elongate, triangular, termen gently rounded ; 12 connected by bar with! 11; grey, with fine scat- tered blackish scales; a double black dot on innermargin at. 187 one-third, a second on costa at one-third and a third midway between, first and third, anteriorly edged with ferruginous ; an indistinct blackish discal spot; a series of fine black spots from costa at two-thirds, to innermargin at two-thirds, strongly curved outwards in middle and edged posteriorly from below costa to termination by a moderate, bright ochreous-ferru- ginous line; a subterminal row of blackish spots, obscure; a row of well defined black dots along termen; cilia grey. Hind- wings dull silvery-grey, without markings; dots along termen and cilia asin forewings. Underside of both wings silvery- grey, without markings. Probably nearest «isophanes, Meyr., but differs by the ochreous markings and absence of markings beneath. I have two specimens from Melbourne which only differ in being duller colored; from pheopa, Low., it differs especially by the fuscous palpi and face. Broken Hill, New South Wales; one specimen in October. DARANTASIA PERICHROA, N. Sp. Male, 26mm. Head, thorax, and abdomen greyish-fuscous, head and thorax sometimes reddish-tinged. Antennz fuscous, ochreous on basal one-third. Palpi and face dark fuscous, nearly black, basal half of palpi beneath sharply white. Legs fuscous. Forewings elongate, triangular, costa gently arched, termen obliquely rounded ; greyish-fuscous, minutely sprinkled with fuscous; costa rather broadly reddish and sometimes strigulated with blackish ; markings blackish, obscure; a small spot on innermargin beyond one-third, a second above in middle; a small discal spot; a dot on innermargin at three- fourths, and another on fold above; indications of a sub- terminal series of spots; a row of spots along termen; cilia greyish, mixed with fuscous. Hindwings pale silvery-grey ; veins 6 and 7 sometimes from a point, separate, or stalked ; a fuscous discal dot; dots along termen and cilia as in fere- wings. The variation of veins 6 and 7 of hindwings\is unusual. The species has considerable superficial resemblance to some species of Taxeotis, notably zsophanes, Meyr., but the antenne indi- cate its correct position with certainty. I possess what may possibly be the female of this species; 1t is much smaller (20, mm.), yet the markings are nearly identical, including the reddish tinge of thorax, head, and costa; and the termen of forewings is nearly straight. Stawell, Victoria; three specimens in September. 188 NEARCHA OXYPTERA, 0. Sp. Male, 40 mm. Head, thorax, and abdomen greyish ochreous minutely irrorated with blackish scales. Palpi 3, deep ferruginous, basal third whitish beneath. Antenne ochreous. Anterior legs ochreous. (Middle and posterior pair broken.) Forewings elongate, triangular, termen bowed, gently waved, sinuate beneath apex, apex acute; vein 2 strongly curved and bent down so as to almost touch vein 1 ; dull ochreous, minutely irrorated throughout with fuscous ; costal edge ochreous-ferruginous throughout; a black dot at base; indications of a curved series of black dots from one- third costa to one-third innermargin; a moderately large fuscous discal dot; a dull ferruginous shade, anteriorly edged by a series of obscure blackish spots, from costa at two-thirds to innermargin ati two-thirds, gently curved outwards on upper half; an obscure transverse series of blackish subtriangular spots, more or less forming an interrupted shade; a row of black spots along termen; cilia ochreousgrey, becoming fuscous-tinged on basal half. Hindwings with termen hardly rounded, nearly straight, faintly waved; a moderate dark fuscous discal spot at one-third from base; ferruginous shade, subterminal markings, spots along termen and cilia as in forewings. Forewings beneath with a moderate tuft of curled hairs in cell; veins 2, 3, 4, and 5 somewhat raised and clothed with shorti hairs; spots along termen as above. Hindwings beneath with a large subcostal tuft of ochreous-grey hairs from base to one-fourth, becoming fuscous at posterior extremity, where they form a tuft; a large double patch of similar hairs in middle, and a ridge of ochreous hairs beneath, space between more or less hyaline ; spots along termen as above. Allied to buffalaria, Gu., but differs in shape of wing and especially by the tufts on underside of forewings. The curious formation of vein 2 and thickening on others men- tioned are very noticeable points; it occurs in both forewings. It is highly probable that the posterior tibiz will reveal addi- tional peculiarities. Illawarra, New South Wales; one specimen in November. NEARCHA PYROSEMA, N. sp. Male and female, 24-26 mm. Head and thorax pale greyish- ochreous, head more ochreous. Antenne grey-whitish, pecti- nations blackish. Face and palpi ferruginous-blackish, palpi hardly 2, basal two-thirds beneath white. Abdomen pale greyish-ochreous, anterior segmental margins somewhat ochreous. Legs greyish-ochreous, posterior tibie dilated and 189 containing pencil of long black hairs. Forewings elongate, triangular, termen gently rounded, oblique; pale ochreous- grey, minutely irrorated throughout with blackish scales; a reddish spot on innermargin at one-third, with indications of one or two similar spots above; a moderately large black greyish-centred discal spot ; a transverse series of light reddish- ferruginous spots from costa at three-fourths to innermargin at three-fourths, sometimes obsolete towards costa, most dis- tinct on lower third and gently curved throughout; a pale fuscous parallel shade between spots and termen; a pale fuscous shade along termen; a row of black spots along termen; cilia greyish-ochreous. Hindwings with termen rounded ; without tufts beneath ; color, discal spots, and cilia as in forewings; other markings faintly indicated in female ; strongly pronounced in male, but reddish markings become fuscous. Probably between oph/a, Swinh., and anemodes, Low. Derby. Western Australia; two specimens, in November. Also from Tennant’s Creek, Central South Australia. DICHROMODES ORTHOZONA, Nn. sp. Male and female, 24 mm. Head, palpi, and thorax fuscous, thickly irrorated with whitish scales, palpi in male 2, in female 25, beneath dark ferruginous fuscous, basal half white. Antennz fuscous, pectinations nearly 6. Abdomen fuscous, thickly irrorated with whitish scales, especially beneath, basal, segment narrowly white. Legs fuscous, thickly irrorated with whitish scales, tibie and tarsi more or less ringed with ochreous-white. Forewings elongate, triangular, termen rounded, faintly waved ; fuscous mixed with dark fuscous and irrorated with white ; basal third ferruginous- ochreous; an obscure short ferruginous mark at base; a mcderately broad fuscous-whitish median band, edges evenly waved ; edged anteriorly by a moderately thick nearly straight ochreous-white line, containing a fine ferruginous median line throughout, from costa at: one-third to innermargin at one- third, gently curved inwards; posteriorly by a similar nearly straight ferruginous centred line, somewhat dilated on costa, from costa at about two-thirds to innermargin at two-thirds ; a large somewhat quadrate black discal spot on median band -above middle, resting on an obscure bar of whitish fuscous; a similar bar along fold; the discal spot is edged above and ‘below by an obscure streak of dull ochreous; subterminal line whitish, waved, forming a moderate projection above, below, and in middle, last more prominent ; edged anteriorly through- 190 out by a moderate, thick parallel fuscous shade, the posterior edge of which is parallel to limiting line of median band; a blackish line along termen ; cilia whitish, mixed with fuscous and barred with blackish. Hindwings with termen rounded, hardly waved; fuscous; a faint darker discal dot; a darker curved postmedian. line, followed by an obscure whitish parallel line ; line along termen and cilia as in forewings. Apparently nearest compsotis, Meyr., but apart from the longer antennal ciliations, it may be at once recognised by the almost straight limiting lines of median band, thus recall- ing orthotts. The palpi of male are distinctly shorter than female. Roeburne, Western Australia; two specimens in November. DicHROMODES ARISTADELPHA, Nl. Sp. Male, 26 mm. Head and palpi whitish-grey, palpi 2$, beneath white, ferruginous on sides and with a small snow white subapical spot on terminal joint. Antenne fuscous, pectinations 24. Abdomen ashy-grey-whitish, with obscure blackish marginal rings. Legs dark fuscous, irrorated with minute whitish scales, tibie and tarsi banded with ochreous. Forewings elongate, triangular, termen gently waved, rounded ; ochreous, somewhat mixed with ferruginous-fuscous ; a short black outwardly oblique line near base, hardly reach- ing innermargin; median band dark fuscous, well defined, limiting lines black; anterior edge from just beyond one- fourth of costa to about middle of innermargin, strongly curved inwards on upper two-thirds, and with a sharp angulation above innermargin; edged anteriorly throughout by a narrow parallel ochreous-white line, which line is anteriorly edged by a suffused fuscous line; posterior edge from about two-thirds costa to two-thirds innermargin, sinuate inwards above aud below middle, causing median third to become prominently rounded ; a narrow parallel ochreous-white line immediately following; a fuscous-whitish quadrate discal spot, edged on either side with a black line; a thick black bar connecting margin of band below middle; subterminal cloudy, silvery- grey, rather strongly sinuate inwards above and below middle, edged posteriorly by an irregular parallel ferruginous line; a shaply defined black spot resting on innermargin near anal angle, inclining to separate into 2 spots; a silvery-grey band along termen, anterior edge parallel to ferruginous line; a fine waved black line along termen ; cilia grey-whitish, mixed with fuscous, terminal half grey, with fuscous bars, dividing line distinct. Hindwings with termen waved, rounded; dark 191 fuscous ; a fuscous discal spot; a fine waved fuscous line from costa beyond middle to innermargin beyond middle, sharply. indented in middle and becoming edged with whitish towards innermargin ; a double black spot near anal angle; a narrow silvery-white mark below; line along termen as in forewings ; cilia dark fuscous, terminal half grey, division distinct. Very closely allied to partitaria, Walk., but differs by the totally different coloring and shape of first line besides other details. Itis a prettily marked species. Henley Beach, South Australia; one specimen in Septem- ber. , HyYypoGRAPHA CYANORRHGA, 0. sp. Male, 24 mm. Head, palpi, and thorax bluish-white, fuscous tinged, face with a long bidentate projecting plate, pro- jections acute, exposed, antenne and legsfuscous. Forewings elongate, triangular, termen deeply waved on upper half, with a prominent projection in middle, sinuate inwards on lower half; fuscous; a very oblique moderately thick fuscous line from one-fourth innermargin to costa very near apex, wing between this and base fuscous, somewhat mixed with bluish- white, and with fine oblique fuscous parallel lines on costal portion; posterior area of wing beyond thick fuscous line bluish-white, gradually shading into fuscous to termen, and with fine waved fuscous anterior lines, parallel to first; a black line along termen ; cilia bluish-white, fuscous at base. Hindwings with termen as in forewings, but median projec- tion less pronounced; 6 and 7 stalked; bluishwhite; basal one-third tinged with fuscous, limited by a fainter darker line ; a faint fuscous discal dot; a fine waved fuscous line, nearly straight, beyond middle, followed by a moderate parallel fuscous shade; a broader shade along termen; cilia fuscous, with some whitish scales ati base. Distinct from! the other described species by the bidentate frontal projection, arrangement of lines and small size. Alice Springs, Central South Australia; one specimen in November. GEOMETRID&. XENOCHLENA, N. g. Face somewhat rounded. Palpi moderate, porrect, wit closely appressed scales, terminal joint short. Antenne moderate, bipectinated to apex. Post tibie not dilated. Forewings with 6 out of 9 near base; 10 free, from base of 9 ; 11 rising separate, somewhat connected with 12 at costa. Hindwings 5 nearer 6 than 4; 6 and 7 stalked; 8 free, some- what approximated to cell near base. 192 Type porphyropis, Lower. (P. L. S., N.S.W., 42, 1898.) This genus is formed to receive the above. I formerly placed it in the genus Arrhodia, but it is properly referable to the Geometride. The original specimen is still unique. SELIDOSEMID 8. SCIOGLYPTIS TRISYNEURA, N. sp. Male, 26 mm. Head, palpi, thorax, and abdomen grey- whitish, thorax with moderate bifid posterior crest, face witir obtuse horny projection. Palpi long, 2 densely haired beneath. Antenne greyish, bipectinated pectinations 6 (apex broken). Legs greyish-fuscous, posterior pair whitish, posterior tibiz dilated enclosing tuft of hairs. Forewings elongate, triangular, termen obliquely and gently rounded ; 10, 11, and 12 free, nearly parallel; grey-whitish, obscurely irrorated with fuscous; fovea well developed, somewhat striated beneath; markings fuscous, very obscure, lines scarcely traceable; first dentate, from costa at one-fourth to innermargin at one-fourth, dot like on margins; median line: nearly straight, followed by a parallel line, more oblique, somewhat beyond; a distinct discal dot; a very dentate. oblique line from five-sixths costa to anal angle, emitting x streak from above middle to below apex; a row of dots along termen; cilia greyish. Hindwings with termen rounded ; white on basal two-thirds, rest of wing light fuscous; a small fuscous discal spot; median shade faintly indicated, distinct on innermargin; an obscure waved subterminal line, distinct on innermargin ; dots along termen and cilia as in forewings. An obscure looking insect; the horny frontal prominence, crested thorax, neuration (which may vary) and dilated pos- terior tibie are, I hope, sufficient characters to recognise it. It is nearest /ithinopa, Meyr. The antenne are unfortunately damaged ; the crested thorax, although not in accordance with the genus, are too trivial to separate the species generically, especially when the variations of neural characters of the genus are considered, consequently I prefer to place it here. Arltunga, Central South Australia; one specimen in November. PACHYTYLA, Nn. g. Face somewhat rounded, with appressed scales, palpz moderate, porrectied, thickly scaled, terminal joint very short. Antenne in male bipectinated to apex. Thorax not crested. Abdomen with lateral crests.. Femora glabrous, posterior 193 tibie strongly dilated, enclosing tuft of long hairs, posterior tarsi very short about half of tibie. Forewings with moderate fovea; 12 free, 10 and 11 stalked; 7 and 8 out of 9. MHind- wings normal. Probably nearest Selidosema, Hb., but the antenne and legs are sufficient generic distinction. Type doliopa, Low. PACHYTYLA DOLIOPA, 0. sp. Male, 30 mm. Head, face, and antenne dark fuscous, antennal pectional 3 at greatest length. Palpi ashy grey- whitish, fuscous above. Thorax deep ferruginous-fuscous, collar broadly ashy-grey-whitish, division distinct. Abdomen strongly margined laterally, dark fuscous, with suffused whitish segmental bands. Legs ashy-grey-fuscous, posterior tibie strongly dilated containing pencil of long white hairs, tarsi very short, less than one-half of tibie. Forewings elongate, triangular, termen gently and evenly waved, dark cinereous- fuscous, obscurely mixed with ferruginous; fovea moderate ; markings black, well defined; a fine inwardly oblique line close to base; a fine, somewhat waved line from one-third costa to one-third innermargin, shghtly indented above middle; a similar line from near middle of costa to middle innermargin ; a third similar line, less waved, from two-thirds costa to two-thirds innermargin ; a strongly dentate line from three-fourths costa to innermargin before anal angle, edged anteriorly by a moderate shade of ferruginous throughout, dentations tending to be carried along veins, especially above and below middle ; an inwardly oblique streak from just. below apex ; a waved line along termen ; cilia ashy-grey-fuscous, with blackish bars at extremities of veins. Hindwings with termen waved ; white tinged with fuscous; lines of forewings, except basal more or less indicated ; a moderate fuscous band along termen, becoming narrowed towards anal angle; cilia white, barred with fuscous. Very similar in general appearance to a small specimen of Stibaroma melanotoxa, Meyr. Broken Hill, New South Wales; one specimenin June. I have seen a specimen from Brisbane, Queensland. ANGELIA, n. g. Face with horny projecting plate. Palpi moderate, por- rected, rough scaled, terminal joint rather short. Antenne in male bipectinated to apex. Thorax somewhat crested, rather-hairy beneath. Femora glabrous, or slightly hairy. 194 Posterior tibiz more or less dilated. Forewings.in male with well developed fovea; 10 connected on anastomosing with 12 and 9, 11 rising out of 10 between connections. Hindwings normal. Type tephrochroa, Low. Allied to Amelora, Meyr., on the one hand, and Chlenias, Gn., on the other; differing from the former by the horny pro- jecting plate of face and well marked fovea of forewings ; which latter character also separates it from Chlenias. I have dedicated the genus to my friends, Messrs. 8. and F. Angel, in recognition of their enthusiastic work and continued kindness. ANGELIA TEPHROCHROA, N. sp. Male, 38 mm. Head dull ochreous-whitish, face with moderate horny projection, rounded truncate. Palpi and antenne fuscous, antennal pectinations ati greatest length 6. Thorax light slaty-grey, finely irrorated with blackish. Abdomen and legs pale slaty grey. Forewings pale slaty-grey, finely irrorated throughout with blackish scales; fovea well developed, costal edge sometimes edged throughout narrowly with orange fuscous; a reddish-ferruginous line of about 5 dots, interrupted, from costa at one-third to innermargin at one-fourth; a similar colored dentate line from four-fifths costa to innermargin before anal angle, both lines sometimes absent; a large somewhat quadrate black discal spot; cilia greyish-ochreous. Hindwings ochreous-grey, finely irrorated with fuscous, except basal third; a moderate fuscous discal spot; cilia as in forewings. Probably nearest platydesma, Lower. Broken Hill, New South Wales; two specimens in May. ANGELIA PLATYDESMA, Lower. (Amelora platydesma, Lower. T.R.S., §.A., 1901, 65.) ANGELIA HETEROPA, Lower. (Amelora heteropa, Lower. T.R.S., S.A., 1901, 64.) I refer the two above species to this genus; the fovea is well developed in both. ANGELIA CALLISARCA, N. sp. Male, 30 mm. Head and thorax fleshy-carmine, face with @ prominent tridentate plate, median projection long, tolerably acute, thorax beneath tinged with fleshy carmine. Antenne fuscous, pectinations at greatest length 6. Abdo- men ochreous-grey. _ Palpi fuscous-grey. Legs fuscous, pos 195 terior pair greyish-ochreous. Forewings elongate, triangular, costa gently arched, termen oblique, hardly bowed; bright. fleshy carmine, with deep fuscouscarmine markings; fovea moderate ; a narrow transverse fascia, from one-fourth costa to one-fourth innermargin, upper half outwardly oblique, thence strongly curved inwards below; a large discal spot; a moderate, slightly oblique, thick, strongly dentate line, posteriorly edged with obscure ochreous, from costa at about four-fifths to innermargin at three-fourths, gently curved in- wards on lower half; an obscure line along termen; cilia fleshy-carmine. Hindwings with termen rounded; 6 and 7 from a point; fuscous-whitish, paler on basal half; discal dot and second line fuscous, marked as in forewings; cilia fleshy- carmine. Allied to heteropa, but apart from the longer antennal pectinations, it is immediately recognisable by the curious. tridentate horny plate of forehead, which in heteropa is broadly truncate. Broken Hill, New South Wales; one specimen in April. PARAMELORA, Ni. g. Face nearly flat, hardly prominent. Palpi moderate, por- rected, rough scaled, terminal joint very short. Antenne in male bipectinated nearly to apex, last) four apical joints dentate. Thorax slightly hairy beneath. Posterior tibie hardly dilated. Forewings in male with small fovea; 10 connected with 12 and 9; 11 absent (rarely present (?)); 12 sometimes free. Hindwings normal. This. genus is allied to the preceding, but differs by the flat face, neuration, &c. In one forewing of a female 11 runs out of 12 from just beneath costa, in the other wing of the same specimen it is absent, so that I consider it an accidental de- formity occurring in the individual in question, as the other species have the neuration as mentioned, but vein 12: some- times hardly touches 9. Type zophodesma, Low. PARAMELORA ZOPHODESMA, N. sp. Male, 20-24 mm. Head and thorax cinereous-grey. Palpi whitish, fuscous beneath. Antenne fuscous, pectinations at greatest length 6. Legs fuscousgrey. Abdomen greyish. Forewings elongate, triangular, termen gently rounded, oblique ; fovea moderate; dull white, suffusedly mixed with blackish, and finely irrorated with fuscous, so as to appear ashy-grey-whitish ; a moderate thick black streak from costa 196 at one-fourth to innermargin at one-third, angulated beneath costa, thence almost straight, edged anteriorly by its own width, with a moderately clear white space, sometimes absent; a moderately thick black streak from costa before three-fourths to innermargin at two-thirds angulated outwards in middle and edged as in first streak ; ground-color between first and secon: black lines much darker, and with strong indications of a similar angulated streak in middle, in ona specimen well de- veloped ; a thick blackish, nearly straight suffused subterminal band, posterior edge irregular, anterior parallel to edge of second whitish streak; a row of black dots along termen ; cilia cinereous-fuscous. Hindwings with termen rounded: greyish, finely strigulated throughout with fuscous, more dense beyond middle; two or three obscure whitish' teeth on innermargin towards anal angle; cilia as in forewings. Costa of forewings beneath ochreous. Broken Hill, New South Wales; two specimens in October and May. PARAMELORA LYCHNOTA, Lower. (XYanthorrhe lychnota, Lower. P.L.S., N.S.W., 1900, 404 ) I refer this species to this genus; fovea well defined. RHYNCHOPSOTA, Nn. g. Face with appressed scales. Palpi very long, with appressed scales, terminal joint concealed. Antenne of male bipecti- nated to apex. Thorax smooth. Posterior tibie moderately dilated. Forewings without fovea; 7 and 8 out of 9, 10 out of 9: 11 connected with 9 ati a point; 12 free; without fovea. Hindwings 5 absent, 6 and 7 separate; 8 closely ap- proximated to cell in middle with a long pencil of hairs lying at base beneath. A peculiar genus, not very near any other in the group, the long palpi and hairs on hindwings beneath are rather unusual characters. The single species "bears considerable superficial resemblance to Crunophila ramostriella, Walk. (Pyralidina). Type delogramma, Low. RHYNCHOPSOTA DELOGRAMMA, 0. Sp. Male, 34 mm. Head and palpi white, palpi ochreous fuscous on sides. Thorax white, palagia and a longitudinal median streak fuscous-ochreous. Antenne fuscous, pectina- tions 6 at greatest length. Abdomen whitish. Legs whitish. Forewings elongate, triangular, termen moderately rounded, oblique ; ochreous-fuscous, with well defined whitish markings ; ochreous-fuscous, with well-defined — whitish markings ; 7 abroad streak immediately beneath costa, attenuated posteriorly ; a similar streak beneath first, only separated by: a fine line of ground color, from one-third to termen, finely attenuated anteriorly, broadly dilated. posteriorly and con- tinued as fine streaks along veins to termen; a broad, longi- tudinal streak in middle, becoming trifurcate posteriorly, first furcation emitted from lower edge in middle and continued along fold to termen ; second similar at two-thirds; third on upper edge, both to termen; a fine line abové innermargin throughout, connected at base with median streak; cilia fuscous, with whitish streaks at extremities of veins. Hind- wings with termen faintly sinuate in middle; pale ochreous- whitish ; a fuscous band along upper half of termen, more pronounced beneath; a moderately long pencil of ochreous hairs beneath, rising at base; cilia ochreous-whitish. Hobart, Tasmania; one specimen in November. GASTRINOPA, n. g. Face rounded, somewhat prominent. Palpi moderate, densely scaled, terminal joint short. Antenne of male bipectinated nearly to apex, apex simple. Thorax without crests (?), densely hairy beneath. Abdomen smooth. Femora glabrous, posterior tibie of male strongly dilated, containing pencil of hairs. Forewings without fovea; 12 free; 10 and 11 rising separate, thence anastomising on median third, thence separating; 10 slightly connected with 9. Hindwings normal. Differs from Gastrina, Gn., to which the species has remark- able superficial resemblance by the neuration and abdomen. The thorax is somewhat denuded, consequently I am unable to decide if the crest is present or not. Type zylistis, Low. GASTRINOPA XYLISTIS, 0. sp. Male and female, 36-38 mm. Head, palpi, antenne, thorax, and abdomen dark ferruginousfuscous. Antennal pectina- tions of male about 24. Legs grey-whitish, thickly irrorated with ferruginous-fuscous. Forewings elongate, triangular, termen waved, rounded ; ferruginous-fuscous, finely strigulated with transverse blackish markings; markings black; a gently curved line from one-third costa to one-third innermargin, faintly angulated above innermargin; a gently waved line from costa before three-fourths to innermargin at two-thirds, moderately curved inwards on lower half; ground color between first and second lines more blackish; an indistinct 198 discal dot followed by a patch of pale ochreous, anterior to second line; a fine waved line along termen; cilia fuscous. Hindwings with termen strongly waved; dull whitish finely strigulated with fuscous ; especially on innermargin; a fuscous dot; a broad ferruginous- fuscous band along termen finely strigulated with blackish, paler on upper edge; line along termen as in forewings; cilia greyish, with a fuscous line. Blackwood, South Australia; two specimens in October. AMPHICROSSA HEMADELPHA, Lower. I have recently obtained a single female specimen of this. species. It only differs from the opposite sex as follows :— Antenne dentate, strongly ciliated; hindwings more fuscous. The ciliated antenne is a curious character shared by many species of Chlenias, Gn., and is a useful guide in recognising the different species. The insect formerly doubtfully described as the female of hemadelpha, is unquestionably the female of Chlenias serina, Lower, which, although very similar, and indeed could easily be mistaken for it, 1s imme- diately separated by the simple antenne. Broken Hill, New South Wales; one specimen in April TINEINA. XYLORYCTIDZE. CRYPTOPHAGA MELANOSCIA, N. Sp. Male and female, 40-50 mm. Head, palpi, thorax, and legs ashy-grey-whitish antenne white, pectinations 5, orange yel- low. Abdomen greyish, segmental margins dull orange; second broadly dull orange. Forewings elongate, moderate, costa in male nearly straight, in female arched, termen obliquely rounded; 2 from about two-thirds, 11 from middle; ashy-grey-whitish, finely irrorated throughout with short black scales; markings black; a short streak from costa near base to lower margin of cell, angulated in middle; a short thick mark in cell at one-third; a second, similar at end of cell; lower margin of cell outlined in black; trom first mark pro- ceeds a fine line to two-thirds of costa; veins towards termen more or less outlined with black, becoming very pronounced. in middle of veins 5 and 6; 5 or 6 dull whitish spots, between middle of costa and apex, separated by dull fuscous marks: cilia ashy-grey-whitish chequered with black. Hindwings with termen rounded, in male somewhat sinuate before anai angle; greyish-fuscous, becoming lighter on basal half; cilia greyish. P99 Intermediate in form between zrrorata, Lew., and leucadel pha, Meyr., differing especially from the former by the hindwings and from both by the well defined blackish markings of fore- wings. Birchip, Victoria; two specimens received from Mr. D. _ Goudie, who bred the species from Casuarina, sp., in October. CRYPTOPHAGA DIPLOSEMA, N. sp. Male and female, 40-50 mm. Head, thorax, and palpi fleshy white, thorax on posterior two-thirds reddish-ochresus.. Antenne white, pectinations 4, ochreous. Legs fleshy red,. hairs of posterior pair orange. Abdomen orange, beneath fleshy red. Forewings elongate, moderate, costa arched, rather strongly in female, termen obliquely rounded, 2 from three-fourths, 3, 4, and 5 closely approximated at base; 4 and 5 stalked in male; reddish-ochreous, much paler in male; costa moderately pale fleshy white, from base to two-thirds, broadest on basal portion; a deep red somewhat quadrate patch on innermargin at one-sixth, reaching half across wing ; a similar patch at about middle; a thick, deep red streak from upper edge of first spot, longitudinally continued to beyond second spot; markings very obscure in female; cilia deep reddish. Hindwings and cilia orange. This insect has stood in my collection for some years as. phethontia, Meyr., but, having received a male from Mr. Dodd, of Townsville, Queensland, I consider it distinct from that species. It differs by the orange abdomen and hindwings, besides the other details. It has considerable resemblance to rubescens, Lew., but the strongly arched costa, rounded termen, and shorter antennal pectinations are sufficient to distinguish it from that species. Duaringa, female ; Townsville, male (Dodd), Queensland , in November and December two specimens. PROCOMETIS TETRASPORA, 1. Sp. Male and female, 24 mm. MHead, palpi, antenne, and thorax ashy-grey-whitish, second joint of palpi fuscous ex- ternally except apex. Legs ashy-grey-whitish, anterior and middle tibiz and ‘tarsi dark fuscous, ringed with whitish. Abdomen dull reddish ochreous, with silvery-grey segmental margins. Forewings elongate, moderate, costa gently arched, termen obliquely rounded; 7 to apex or immediately, above ; ashy-grey-whitish ; costal edge narrowly whitish on posterior half, and streaked with fine inwardly oblique fuscous marks; a fine white streak along fold from base to anal angle, less defined in male; a fuscous spot in dise at one-third; a second 200 obliquely below and beyond; and a third at posterior end of cell, connected with first by a white streak; indications of a fourth below third; cilia cinereous-grey, terminal half grey. Hindwings light fuscous; 3 and 4 from a point; 6 and 7 from a point, hardly short stalked; cilia whitish grey in female, darker in male, both sexes with fuscous subbasal line. Not very near any other described species, but probably nearest monocalama, Meyr. It has a striking resemblance to Hypertricha ephelota, Meyr., but the palpi and presence of vein 8 of forewings are distinct. Melbourne, Victoria; two specimens in March. PROCOMETIS PERISCIA, Nl. sp. Male,16mm. Head, palpi, antenne, thorax, and legs ashy- grey-whitish, palpi infuscated on second joint externally, thorax with 2 or 3 obscure whitish longitudinal streaks, patagia whitish. Forewings elongate, moderate, costa gently arched, termen obliquely rounded ; 7 to slightly above apex ; dark fuscous, more or less minutely irrorated with fine whitish scales; a fine white line along fold, from base to anal angle; a fine white line in middle of wing, from near base to near base to near three-fourths, attenuated anteriorly and edged above with a fine black line; veins towards termen more or less outlined with blackish; cilia ashy-grey-fuscous. Hind- wings with veins 3 and 4 from a point; 6 and 7 short stalked ; rather dark fuscous; cilia greyish with a fuscous basal line. Melbourne, Victoria; one specimen in March. MacROzZYGONA, 0. g. Head smooth, antenne moderate, in male filiform, simple, ‘basal joint moderate, without pecten. Labial palpi long, curved, ascending, terminal joint nearly as long as second. ‘Thorax smooth, abdomen moderate. Posterior tibie rough haired above. Forewings with vein 2 from four-fifths, 3 from angle, 7 absent, coincident with 8. Hindwings with hairs of costa, moderately developed beneath; 3 and 4 very short stalked; 6 and 7 stalked. A connecting link between Phylomyctis and Hypertricha, ‘but most allied to the former, from which it differs by the palpi of male, and stalking of veins 6 and 7 of forewings. MaAcROZYGONA MICROTOMA, 0. sp. Male, 16mm. MHead whitish, face white. Palpi, antenne, and thorax ochreous fuscous, palpi white on lower two-thirds of second joint externally. Antenne whitish on basal one- third. Legs white, fuscous above. Abdomen greyish- 201 ochreous, white beneath. Forewings elongate, moderate, costa gently arched, termen obliquely rounded; ochreous fuscous ; a white costal streak from near base to three-fourths, attenuated at extremities; a rather broad irregular white streak along fold, becoming somewhat blotch-like at posterior extremity and continued to anal angle, where it is constricted ; a suffused whitish spot at apex ; cilia ochreous fuscous. Hind- wings light ochreous-fuscous, somewhat shining; cilia grey, with fuscous parting line. : Melbourne, Victoria; one specimen in March. HYPERTRICHA EPHELOTA, Meyyr. I have received females of this species, which measure 40 mm. in expanse. It differs very little fromthe male as re- gards markings and color, excepting that the whitish streak of forewings is less defined ; in fact, all the markings of the fore- wings are suffused through the blackish coloring. The hind- wings beneath are without any costal hairs (in the male they are well developed), and veins 3 and 4 of the hindwings are connate or nearly separate at origin in two specimens; and im one specimen actually stalked, so that in determining the genus this peculiar irregularity should not be lost sight of. The terminal joint of the palpi is similar to male—that is, one-fourth of second joint. AN ANALYSIS OF THE ASH OF THE ACAGIA FSALIGINA, By A. J. Hiacen. [Read August 4, 1903.] Some time ago Professor Stirling suggested that it would be of interest if an analysis of the ash of the Acacia salicuna were made with a view of ascertaining whether it exhibited any material difference from the ashes of other plants. The ash of the Acacia salicina is used by the natives of Aus- tralia for mixing with pituri before mastication. An account of the preparation and use of this substance has been kindly supplied to me by Professor Stirling. Pituri consists of the dried leaves and twigs of Duhbosia Hopwoodi, natural order, Solinacee. It is the masticatory or chewing substance exten- sively used for the sake of its stimulant and narcotic properties by the natives of a large tract of Eastern Central Australia, extending northwards from Cooper's Creek and including parts of South Australia, New South Wales, and Queensland. The leaves and twigs are gathered about August, when the plant is in flower. These are sweated be- neath a layer of fine sand, dried, roughly powdered, and then packed in netted bags or skins for transport, in which form it serves as an important article of barter with neighboring tribes. Before use the pituri is damped, mixed with the ashes of the leaves and twigs of certain shrubs, usually those of the Acacia salicina (certainly in the district from which the specimen used for analysis came, and probably in others), . and rolled up into a “plug.” This is chewed, the saliva swallowed, and if the natives are in company, the plug is handed from one to another. Pituri is also employed in Central Australia for poisoning emus, even in parts where it is not used for mastication. For this purpose a bundle of the twigs is placed in a small water- hole. On drinking the water the birds become stupefied, when they are easily killed. The pituri plant is restricted to Australia, and is of scattered occurrence throughout the dry zone, mainly between S. lat. 27 and 21. The wood ash is probably mixed with the pituri for the purpose of slowly liberating the alkoloid (piturine, C,. H,, N.) contained in it during the process of mastication. This is brought about by the alkali contained in the ash; in this case caustic lime. 203 A paper dealing with the preparation and properties of piturine was published some years ago by Professor Liversidge, “The Alkaloid from Piturie.’* It is a liquid strongly re- ssembling nicotine in properties. Its physiological action is discussed by J. N. Langley, F.R.S., and W. Lee Dickenson, M.B., M.R.C.P., of Cambridge, in a paper entitled “Pituri and Nicotine.’+ In this paper the authors state that “The main results of our experiments, as far as the action of pituri is concerned, can be given in a few words. The physiological action is identical with that of nico- tine.” The material handed to me for analysis by Professor Stirling consisted of several small branches with the leaves attached. The locality from which it was obtained is the Warburton River, near the north-east corner of Lake Eyre, and it was determined by the late Professor Tate to be the Acacia salicina. A quantity of the leaves was burnt in a platinum dish, and heated till all organic matter was destroyed. The ash was’ strongly alkaline to litmus paper, and was almost completely soluble in hydrochloric acid with evolution of a little carbon dioxide gas. The results of the analysis were as follows: Silica sa ae =} Si0, ae 1.867 Lime i nee Me CaO coi LOSED Magnesia... ae bat MgO 5 3.18 Ferric oxide ae a He Or Lats wih Potash he she oles K,O 2b 3.41 Soda ae ~ S Nia Ons ieee: 1.01 Sulphuric anhydride re. SO, ys» 30.09 Phosphoric anhydride Pe ESO: 1D: 1.94 Chlorine... AP aFy iis us 5.04 Carbon dioxide moisture ... sis eoue 2,00 100.00 These results may be a little low as regards the potash and soda, because no special precautions were taken to prevent loss of these substances by volatilization. The temperature at which the leaves were burned was not, however, high. Tt will be seen from the analysis that this ash contains a very high percentage of lime and sulphuric anhydride. The latter, calculated as calcium sulphate, shows 51.15 per cent. of that substance. This leaves 21.06 per cent. of lime present as CaO and Ca CO,. As already mentioned, there was only * Proceedings of the Royal Society of New South Wales, vol. xiv., p. 123. + Journal of Physiology, vol. xi., p. 265. 204 a small amount of carbon dioxide gas evolved on dissolving the ash in hydrochloric acid, so that the lime not present. as calcium sulphate would be present chiefly as calcium oxide, CaO. It is this substance which liberates the piturine during’ mastication The presence of such a high percentage of calcium sulphate seemed to me to be remarkable and it was thought that a comparison of this ash with some others obtained from Aus- tralian bushes would prove interesting. Professor Rennie kindly pointed outi to me that some years ago Mr. W. A. Dixon, of Sydney, had made some analyses of the ash of various Aus- tralian bushes. His results were published in the Proceedings of the Royal Society of New South Wales, vol. xiv. I re- ferred to this paper, and found that in no case does any analysis, out of the eight given, show the presence of more than 4.5 of sulphuric anhydride, and that the lime present is very much less than in the ash of the Acacia salicina. I give two of the determinations of sulphuric anhydride and lime made by Mr. Dixon: (1) Dwarf Saltbush (2) Cotton Bush (Atriplex sp.). (Chenolea bicornis). Lime .... oe CaO 17.747 aa CaO 24.337 Sulphuric anhydride SO, 4.43 oy SO, “395 An analysis of the ash of the Alstonza constricta, “Fever bark,” published by Mr. Maiden, shows a higher percentage of lime and sulphurid anhydride than the above, viz. : Lime a i ae CaO ... 32.837 Sulphuric anhydride ae SO3,.022t0e nee It will be seen that none of these ashes contain nearly so much lime and sulphuric anhydride as the ash of the Acacia salicina. There does not appear to be much published matter with regard to the ashes of plants, &c., and it is impossible, there- fore, to make an extensive comparison of this ash with others. Phillips and Bauerman, in their work on Metallurgy, give a few analyses of the ash of some European woods, and I find from these that the percentage of calcium sulphate present is less than it is in the ashes of the Australian woods already mentioned. The results given below are calculated as calcium sulphate: 1. Beech, from Switzerland ... 23Y 2: Corea 2. Scotch Fir, from Giessen ... 331...) CaO, 3. Scotch Fir, from Giessen ... 5.05. ...--Ca- SO, Tt seems to me that there is little doubt that the calcium sulphate is present in the ash of the Acacia salicina in much larger quantity than in any other ash at’ present known to us. 205 NOTES ON SUPPOSED VOLCANIC DUST FROM THE NORTHERN TERRITORY. By Prorrssor Renniz, M.A., D.Sc., ann A. J. Hieern, F.I.C- [Read August 4, 1903.] The following is a portion of a letter received by us from Sir Charles Todd in December, 1902: “TI have just received the enclosed telegram from Mr. Christie, lighthouse keeper at Point Charles, who has collected some of the supposed volcanic dust which has been resting on Northern Australia for some weeks past, and is supposed to have come from Martinique.” The telegram referred to in the above extract 1s as follows: “Profiting by tha experiments made by Mr. Bleeser in caitch- ing volcanic dust, it occurred to me that the lghthouse windows would be an ideal catchment, and I had noticed before I left that they were becoming dusty. On arrival here, how- ever, I found that 115 points of rain had fallen, which, of course, eliminated all signs of dust, washed the glass clean, and effectually laid any local dust. This was Saturday, November 22nd. Noted on the 23rd that smoke with the same peculiar smell was about, but not so thick; 24th still smoky. Tried window panes, and could detect a little dust on white rag. 25th still smoky. Thinking rain would probably fall, decided to do as follows: Took 4 gallons water, jug, washbasin, and. empty bucket. Placed washbasin under window ledge, and. with jug poured water on the top pane. This ran down the three panes 10 ft., and was caught in the basin and trans- ferred to bucket, andso on. I thus washed over 300 superficial feet of glass with running water only; the result a bucket of dirty water. This was covered, and stood to settle for two days; the water syphoned off. The bottom half a pint placed in a glass tumbler, and settled for one day; the remainder of water syphoned, and the tumbler stood near the fire till contents evaporated to dryness. The residue, only a few grains, I am sending to you. It looks very like volcanic ash. I may mention that during this period of dust or smoke catch- ing the wind was from north-west and north-east, and once only for a short time east. The lighthouse windows are 120 ft. above sea level, and all these winds blow directly off the sea. The nearest land north-west would be Bathurst Islands,. 206 A5 miles; north, Melville, 35 miles; north-east, nearest land 25 miles; east, nearest land 14 miles. Further, 115 points ef rain having fallen, the ground was well saturated, and there is no traffic, nor are there any roads here to create local dust ; hence this must be purely atmospheric, wherever it comes from. In looking at the dust with a small magnifier some small white specks can be seen. These probably are pieces of paint (white zinc) washed off the astragals of the windows in the downward flow of water.”’ Sir Charles Todd kindly forwarded the sample of dust, re ferred to, to us for examination. An examination with a magnifying glass at once showed that the sample consisted lar- gely of organic fibres of some kind, with the specks of white paint referred to by Mr. Christie. The whole weighed only 0.2948 gramme. The residue after ignition weighed 0.201 gramme, and of this 0.009 consisted of oxide of lead. The small quantity of the sample, combined with the presence of so much impurity, rendered any attempt at a complete chemi- cal analysis useless. An estimation of silica, however, gave 63.06 per cent., after estimating and allowing for the oxide of lead present in the ignited residue. This is somewhere about what might be expected from a volcanic dust. An account of a thorough microscopic examination, which confirms the theory of the voleanic origin of this dust, will be found in a separate note by Mr. Woolnough. 207 MICROSCOPIG EXAMINATION OF SUPPOSED VOLCANIG DUST FROM THE NORTHERN TERRITORY. By W. G. WootnovueH, B.Sc., F.G.S. [Read August 4, 1903. ] The material is very fine in grain, so that microscopic exami- nation is difficult. It is of such a heterogeneous character that detailed description is almost impossible. The most abundant determinable constituents are long organic fibres with relatively bright polansation colors. Nextin abundance come spicules of various shapes—anchor-shaped, dumb-bell- shaped, and so on. These consist of silica, and are quite isotropic. They are derived, probably, from holothurians and sponges. Fragments of foraminifera (Globigerina ?) can be detected. Each chamber gives the characteristic cross be- _ tween crossed nicols. The truly volcanic material is sub- ordinate to the other constituents. Felspar in perfectly glassy granules are moderately plentiful. It shows no trace of twinning, so far as I have been able to determine. Some sections are bounded by cleavages more or less marked. The refractive index is in all cases higher than that of xylol balsam. Magnetite is fairly considerable in amount, and includes some of the largest fragments. It 1s somewhat remarkable that this, the mineral of highest specific gravity, should be present in such comparatively large fragments. Much dark brown glass is observable. It is filled with minute hair-like microlites, which are faintly doubly refrac- ting. There is a small amount of pyroxene. Whether this is rhombic or monoclinic I cannot determine, as the frag- ments are very minute. A faint greenish-yellow color can be detected, and the double refraction is noticeably of a higher order than felspar. An occasional piece of hornblende or biotite completes the list. It has been suggested that this dust has been derived from the great: West Indian eruptions of 1902. I am inclined to think that we must seek a nearer source for it. The abund- ance of magnetite has already been commented on. I think it improbable that such, comparatively, large fragments of this mineral, which possesses a specific gravity of 5.17, could drift half round the earth. DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW SPECIES OF CORALS FROM THE AUSTRALIAN TERTIARIES. By J. Dennant, F.GS. [Read September 8, 1903. ] PAR Vv. Puates I. anp II. Trochocyathus Maplestonei, spec. nov. Pl. i., figs. la, b. The corallum is cuneiform and compressed from the calice downwards to the base, which is rounded and usually some what flattened inferiorly. Examples also occur with an almost pointed base. Amongst the smaller specimens some resemble the type in shape, while others are short squat forms with a flat base. The corals are free, but in one or two examples there is evidently a scar of former attachment. The calice is shallow, widely open, and elliptical; the ratio of the — major and minor axes varies from 100 to 84, as in the type, to 100 to 91 in one of the short squat forms mentioned. The septa are in six systems, with three cycles. The first and second orders are equal in thickness, and much stouter inferiorly than at their upper margins; the primaries also are shghtly longer than the secondaries. The tertiaries are shorter and much thinner. All are exsert and granulose on their sides. The columella is fascicular, and consists of one or more irreg- ular processes. The pali are in two crowns, and are placed before the primary and secondary septa. In the figured example (the type) they have an irregular outline, which is partly at least due to wearing; a young individual shows fairly regular pali. They join the two first orders of septa, and also. the columella, by short rod-like lateral processes. Below the prominent columella and pali there is in the type apparent solid matter, but this is no doubt due to secondary infilling, since in a small fractured example the central axis has a trabecular appearance. Most of my specimens have the calice more or less choked, and I have relied upon three only, includ- ing that figured, for my reading of the calicular structure. The wall is stout and covered by a delicate epitheca, through which the costz are visible from the summit of the coral down to the base. There are four orders of coste, the first three 209 of which correspond to the septa. For about one-fourth from the calice these are broad and strongly marked, when they suddenly diminish to thin sinuous lines: Those of the fourth order have no septa corresponding to them, and consist of thin lines throughout. They are placed in each interspace, but do not, like the rest, rise above the wall, on the margin of which they show as very slender, sharply pointed projections. The dimensions of the type are:—Height of corallum, 7.5 mm.; diameters of calice, 8 mm. and 6.75 mm. Two other specimens are slightly larger, and the resti smaller. Locality, d&e—In Eocene strata at Brown’s Creek (11 examples, most of which were collected by Mr. Kitson, the dis- coverer of this prolific coral bed). The species is also repre- sented in my collection from the Eocene of Aldinga by three: small flat-based individuals. The species name isin compliment to Mr. C. M. Maplestone, the well known writer on tertiary polyzoa. Trochocyathus infracompressus, spec. nov. Pl. i, tigs. 2a, 5. The corallum is free, longer than broad, much compressed inferiorly, and scarcely so superiorly. The lateral edges slope by a gentle curve to the base, which is rounded off into a thin short line. The calice is shallow and elliptical, with its major and minor axes in the ratio of 10 to 9. The septa are in six systems, with four complete cycles. They are exsert, granulose on their sides, and project con- siderably beyond the wall. The primaries are stouter than the rest, which diminish in size according to order. The ter- tiaries bend towards the secondaries, and usually unite with them near the columella. The quaternaries are generally very short, but each system has one longer than the rest, which bends towards and unites with the adjoining tertiary. The columella is lamellar, and at its margin lobate. There are pali before the primary septa and also before the junction of the tertiaries with the secondary in each system; they form two indistinctly marked crowns: The calice figured belongs to a young individual, and has only four systems suffi- ciently well preserved to show the structure of their septa and pali, the other two being partly choked with sediment. The extreme outer ends of a few septa are also broken off. The corallum figured is exteriorly a fine example, but its calice is very much worn. The coste, which correspond to the septa, have distinct and deep interspaces, and are ornamented on their free surface by closely packed but prominent granules. They are subequal in size, and diminish gradually from the calice downwards. They vary slightly in length, the higher orders usually joining 210 ithe others near the base. In the young example just men- tioned the junction of the higher orders with the principal is nearer the calice, and from a third to two-thirds from its margin. The wall is slender, and the coste, like the septa, extend outwards from it. The dimensions of the type, which is evidently an adult example, are:—Height of corallum, 9 mm.; length of calice, 10 mm.; breadth of calice, 9 mm. The calice figured is 7 mm. long and 6 mm. broad. Its corallum is well preserved, and is 6.5 mm. high. Locality, &c—In Eocene strata at Brown’s Creek. Two whole examples, and a portion of a third have only been found. Trochocyathus planicostatus, spec. nov. Pl. i., figs. 3a, 6. The corallum is longer than broad and pyramidal shaped with a shamply pointed base. The calice is subplane and elliptical, the major and minor axes being in the ratio of 100 cto 70. The septa are exsert and in six systems with three cycles. They are spined on the lateral edges, while lower down there are small granules. All are short, but the primaries are longer than the secondaries, and these again than the ter- tiaries. The two first orders are stout and subequal, and the tertiaries slender. The axial space is large, and in the centre there is a fas- eicular columella having three longitudinally arranged lobes on its surface. | Well marked, spined pali are placed in two crowns before the primary and secondary septa, and are con- ‘nected with these and also with the columella by short, stcut, sunken processes. The cost in this coral form its most remarkable feature. ‘They are of ‘two kinds; first, 24 prominent, equal, flat, and almost plain coste, very broad but rounded off at the top, and then regularly diminishing to the pointed base. They reach to the margin of the wall only, and are quite distinct from the septa, the exsert portions of which present the appearance of being inserted in each interspace. The second series of coste, also 24 in number, are continuations of the three orders of septa, but below the exsert portions of these, that is, from the margin downwards, they are represented on the wall by extremely thin, granular, and sunken lines, which can usually be traced almost to the base. Ima young fresh looking specimen in my collection, the contrast between the plain, prominent cost, terminating at the margin of the wall, and the adjacent spined, exsert septa rising much above it ‘is very striking. The example selected as type is much larger, but, though in good condition, it is not quite as well preserved. 211 The same young individual has the pali and other features of. the calice most clearly marked. The dimensions of the type are:—Height of corallum, 7 mm.; length of calice, 7 mm.; breadth of calice, 5 mm. Locality, &c—Tolerably abundant in the Eocene of the Adelaide bore. Collected by Professor Tate. T. heterocostatus, T. Woods, from Aldinga, and also occur- ring in the Adelaide bore, has a similar alternation of broad and slender costz, the latter of which correspond to the septa, while the former are in the interspaces. In his description of this: species, Woods considers that the broad coste are continued by septa of the fourth and fifth orders, which slightly project: — into the fossa as a thin edge,* but an examination of several specimens leads me to read the calice differently. One of these specimens enables me ajlso to state that the columella, the structure of which Woods could not determine, is fascicular. T'. heterocostatus is closely allied to 7’. planicostatus, but differs: in shape, as well as in other respects. Trochocyathus Adelaidensis, spec. nov. Pl. i., figs. 4a, b. The corallum is free, short, and compressed, especially in- feriorly. The base is slightly concave, and equals or even exceeds the calice in leneth. The lateral edges are doubly curved, being concave just below the calice, and then convex. to the basal extremities. The calice is shallow and elliptical with its axes in the ratio of 100 to 76. The septa are exsert and in six systems with four cycles. The primaries and secondaries are subequal and larger than the tertiaries; the quaternaries are short thin lamelle. The tertiaries bend towards and join the secondaries; the quater- naries also sometimes unite with the enclosed tertiary. All are beset with pointed granules on their sides. The central fossa is large and the columella is apparently fascicular. Only three specimens of this coral have been found, and the calices of allare much worn. One of them has been rubbed down to a level surface, which thus represents a transverse section of the calice a little below its summit (pl. 1., fig. 4b). The details of the calice given in the text have been. worked out from an examination of all three examples. The pali are indistinct, but I judge them to be moderately thin structures and placed before the primary and secondary septa. Exteriorly the corals are better preserved, and the structure of the costz can be easily read. They correspond to the septa, and consist of rows of small, transversely elongated granules.. *On some Fossil Corals from Aldinga. Taya eshrtes Adelaide, vol. I , T3775 pp: 209, 110; pli i, fig. I 212 ‘They are prominent, equal, and extend to the base. Those at tthe edges follow the outline of the corallum, and are thus doubly curved, while the more central ones become nearly but not quite straight. The corallum is from 5 mm. to 7mm. in height, and the calice from 5 mm. to 6.5 mm. long by 4mm to 5mm. broad. In the largest example the base is 5 mm. longer than the calice. Locality, &c.—Like the preceding species, from, the Adelaide bore. Collected by Professor Tate. Placotrochus Pueblensis, spec. nov, PI, ii., figs. la, 0, The corallum is moderately tall, curved, and tapers to a rounded and almost pointed base. There is ai slight constric- tion about two-thirds from the summit, below which a faint ridge marks the concave surface of the curve. The calice is almost but not quite circular, and throughout its length transverse sections of the corallum are approximately circular. The septa are exsert, slender, and in six systems, with four complete cycles. The primaries and secondaries are equal, and the remaining orders become gradually thinner as well as shorter ; all are sparingly granular. The axial fossa is deep centrally, and is traversed longi- ‘tudinally by a prominent columella, which, instead of being a single lamella, as in Placotrochi generally, is double, with one division rather shorter than the other. This character is certainly not due to fission since the lens shows delicate granules on the inner side of each lamina. Probably the divi- sion does not extend very far down, and I should not be surprised to find examples with the columella single. There is also a short, thin, buttresslike process from the longer limb of the columella and in a line with a secondary septum. Coste corresponding to the principal septa are visible on the wall as thin, slightly raised ridges. The wall is thin and covered by a delicate shining epitheca ornamented by several ‘iImconspicuous transverse folds which, near the calice, form arched crests upon the coste. Height of corallum, 17 mm.; the diameters of the scarcely elliptical calice are respectively 10.5 mm. and 10 mm. Locality, &e—I collected the unique example of this species on “The Ledge” at Spring Creek in 1899, and though the whole section has been since searched over and over again no other has been seen. Fortunately the specimen is exceptionally well preserved. P. Pueblensis may be compared with P. corniculatus, mihi, from the Adelaide bore, but the latter is compressed inferiorly, ‘and has a more elliptical calice. 213 Placotrochus inflectus, spec. nov. Pl. ii., figs. 2a, b, c. The corallum is slightly curved, and tapers regularly to a small flatly pointed base. It iy compressed, and its lateral edges are ridged by projecting coste. The wall is moderately stout, and is covered by a strong epitheca having transverse chevron markings. The calice is elliptical with its axes in the ratio of 100 to 87. There are six systems of septa with four cycles, but the fourth cycle is only developed in the end systems, each of which occupies a larger space in the calice than a central one. The first and second orders are stout and equal, but the third and fourth are very thin lamelle. The sides of all the septa are sparsely granulated. A prominent lamellar columella projects above the septal ends, to which it is fused inferiorly. Only four examples of this coral have been collected, and their calices are all more or less worn. Coste answering to the first two orders of septa are repre- sented on the wall by broad ridges, which are marked at in- tervals by the arched crests of the epithecal ornament. Height of corallum, 16 mm.; length of calice, 7.5 mm. ; ‘breadth of calice, 6.5 mm. Locality, &dec—Rare in the Eocene clays at Brown’s Creek, Aire R. district. Ceratotrochus clinatus, spec. nov. Pl. ii., figs. 3a, 5, The corallum has an arched outline, is free, twice as long as broad, and tapers gently to an abrupt base, which is about two-thirds of the calice in size. A younger and narrower individual has the curve of the corallum continued fully one- third further, and tapers off more rapidly to a rounded point, thus becoming slightly longer than the older form. The latter has not been fractured during fossilization, as the under ‘surface at the base is covered by the epitheca. The calice is subplane and elliptical, its major and minor axes being as 100 to 77. There are in all 38 septa, and the number on either side -of the longitudinal axis is unequal. They are in six systems with four cycles, but the quaternaries are developed in the end systems only, while one of these is incomplete in regard ‘to two septa. For the size of the coral the septa are stout, and the calice is well filled by them. The primaries and secon- -daries are equal, and the others diminish according to order. All are exsert, more or less curved, and marked by several rows of small granules. The columella is short but broad, lobed at its free surface, and fascicular inferiorly. In the type, which has otherwise an almost perfect calice, only one out -of three lobes is intact, buti the fractured surfaces of the others 214 can still be seen. A transverse section of another example shows a large columella, almost solid, and fused with the prin- cipal septa. The wall is stout, and is furnished with a shining epitheca, delicate superiorly, but both thicker and rougher towards the base. Apparently it wears away easily, as only half of the type corallum is now covered by epitheca, and the other two specimens collected have none. The cost, which correspond to the septa, are equal, closely set, and in the upper half of the corallum faintly visible beneath the epitheca. Where this is wanting they can be traced almost or quite to the base, and near the calice become comparatively prominent. The dimensions of the type are:—Height of corallum, 9 mm.; length of calice, 455 mm.; breadth of calice, 3.5 mm. Locality, &c—Rare in the Eocene of Brown’s Creek. GENUS PLEUROPODIA, nov: Corallum simple, cylindrical, ultimately free, with a rounded, costulate base. Gemmation occurs from the wall and probably also from a strobila or nurse-steck. The calice is circular and shallow. Septa moderate in number, subequal, dentate, and granulose. There are prominent pali and a papillary or fascicular columella. Coste distinct, but inter- rupted by collarettes of epitheca. Endotheca scanty. This genus is formed to receive a single species of small corals collected chiefly in the Cape Otway beds. By their calices they are allied to Cladocora, but with a single excep- tion, where a lateral bud is attached to the wall, the coralla are free. In one individual (pl. 1., fig. 4c), a central con- striction of the corallum strongly suggests strobilation or growth followed by separation from a strobila or nurse-stock, as observed by various authors in Fungia.* Moreover, several of the young subdiscoid forms in the collection resemble the superior half of this corallum, and it is at least probable that they are detached buds from a parent stock. At the same time there are also a few long cylindrical coralla, with a simi- lar costulate base, but not showing signs of division. Pleuropodia Otwayensis, spec. nov. Pl. ii., figs. 4a, b, ¢, d. The corallum varies in height from almost discoid to tall, the latter forms being sometimes slightly bent. The base is generally tumid, and invariably costulate. The unique example from the Adelaide bore has a minute fragment of rock adhering to part of the base, but the usual costulations are well marked on the free portion. * Bourne terms the parent in Fungia a nurse-stock, Q.J. Micro, Sci. vol. XXVII., n.s., p. 294. 215 The epithecai is in bands, is variable in amount, and covers more or less constricted portions of the corallum. It com- monly surrounds the calice, but may be entirely absent in very short, subdiscoid forms. The coste are equal, granular, and prominent. They correspond to the septa, and except on the inferior part of the corallum are occasionally concealed by the banded epitheca. The septa are short, dentate, strongly granulose, and vary in number from 24 in young to 32 or 34 in adult examples. They are in six systems with four cycles, but the higher orders are incompletely developed. The lateral bud has only the three first orders of septa present, and its calice presents a more: symmetrical appearance than that of the parent, where septa of higher orders are irregularly developed. Similarly the subdiscoid forms have only the principal orders of septa pre- sent in their calices. The pali are large, irregular in shape, and placed. as a rule before the primary and secondary septa. The columella, though usually papillary, is fascicular in one or two worn calices. There may be numerous small papilli, or a few larger ones, in which case they resemble the pali. The columella and pali are only partially developed in young calices. A small amount of endotheca is present in some examples. The corolla vary from 1.5 mm. to 8.5 mm. in height. Those figured are respectively 8 mm., 6 mm., and 3 mm. high. The calices are all about 3 mm. in diameter, except that of the bud, which is smaller. The base varies in diameter from 3 mm. to 4 mm. Locality, &e—KEocene. From the Cape Otway beds, 12 examples; Wilkinson’s No. 4, one example. A single speci- men also from the Adelaide bore. EXPLANATION OF PLATES. Plate I. Fig. ' 1. Trochocyathus Maplestonei—a, corallum, 3 diam.; 6, calice, 6 diam. 2. Trochocyathus infracompressus—a, corallum, 3 diam.; b, calice of a smaller example, 6 diam. 3. Trochocyathus planicostatus—a, corallum, 3 diam.; 6, calice, 6 diam. 4.’ Trochocyathus Adelaidensis—a, corallum, 3 diam.; b, transverse sectiom of the calice of another specimen, 6 diam. Plate II. 1. Placotrochus Pueblensis—a, corallum, 2 diam.; 0}, calice, 4 diam. 2. Placotrochus inflectus—a, corallum, 2 diam.; b, outline of the same, nat. size ; c, calice (much worn) of another specimen, 4 diam. 3. Ceratotrochus clinatus—a, corallum, 3 diam.; b, calice, 7 diam. 4. Pleuropodia Otwayensis—a, corallum of short specimen with lateral bud, 4 diam.; 0, calice of the same, 10 diam.; ¢, corallum showing probable strobilation, 4 diam.; d, outline of tall bent corallum, nat. size. 216 DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW SPECIES OF XYSMATODOMA, &C. By OswaLp B. Lower, F.E.S. (Lonp.), &c. [Read September 8, 1903.] BOMBYCINA. LYMANTRIADE. ANTHELA RUBICUNDA, Swin. (Darala rubicunda, Swin., Ann. Mag., N.H., ix., p. 419, June, 1902. v. SPECIFIC GRAVITY OF THE F'ELSPAR. (1) By means of Klein’s solution—The indicators used were Goldschmidt’s Natural Indicators by F. Krantz of Bonn. The particles were found to nearly coincide in density with cordierite 2:579, some were a little lighter and some a little heavier, but none reaching the next values 2:566 and 2.591. The density might therefore be taken as 2°58. *The phenocrysts of felspar are fairly idiomorphic, but it is difficult to obtain isolated crystals sufficiently perfect tor external measurements.— W.G. W. 259 (2) By the Specific Gravity bottle. Results 2°079 Mean. 2°D82 2:584 REFRACTIVE INDICES OF THE FELSPAR. No refractometer being available indirect methods were used and approximate results obtained. The presence of the acid oligoclase furnished an easy and accurate qualitative test, by employing Becke’s bright line method. The felspar under consideration was found to have a lower index than that of the oligoclase For ordinary differences, however, this gives no idea of the amount of difference, but we may say that the values are less than the following :— 1542 1538 1532 Oligoclase Levy. For exact determinations the principle was extended. Although the amount of movement cannot be taken as a basis of calculation in such an experiment, if we obtain two substances which give no movement, we may assume that they are of the same refractive index. Two sections were then taken, one parallel to (001) and one to (O10), and a portion of the cover-glass removed from each. The balsam was then removed, first by turpentine and then by alcohol. A drop of Klein’s solution was placed in contact with the mineral, and Becke’s method applied, retaining the polariser, and placing the section with its directions of vibration successively parallel to the principal plane of the polariser. The solutions employed were, by trial and error, adjusted so that their refractive indices were identical with those of the mineral in its different positions. In this way four solutions were obtained. The refractive indices of these were measured by means of a spectrometer. Great difficulty was experienced in making these measurements on account of the very strong absorptive power of the liquid. Sodium, potassium, and strontium lights were tried, but of these only potassium gave any results at all. Then the lights from incandescent gases—hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, helium, and argon and chlorine—were experimented with with small success. Finally the illumination was obtained by means of an electric spark between terminals composed of an alloy consisting of zinc, cadmium, mercury, and tin in molecular proportions, pre- pared by Sir William Crookes. In this way the minimum refractive index (a approximately) is found to be 1°513; the maximum (y approximately) 1:525, but from the difficulties of measurement the results are only roughly correct. 260 SUMMARY OF THE PROPERTIES OF THE LARGE PORPHYRITIC CRYSTALS OF ANORTHOCLASE. Colour—Flesh pink, subtranslucent to opaque. Crystalline form—Not determined. Cleavage—Perfect parallel to (001) and (010), the cleavage angle being 90° 7’. Polysynthetic twinning after albite and pericline laws on a very fine scale. Twinning after Carlsbad law frequent. Specific gravity—2:582. Refractive index between 1°513 and 1:525. Dispersion—p > v. Composition—Or,., Ab, An,. 261 FURTHER NOTES ON AUSTRALIAN COLEOPTERA, WITH DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW GENERA AND SPECIES. By the Rev. T. Buackpurn, B.A. [Read October 27, 1903. ] XXXITIT. CARABIDE. PHORTICOSOMUS. P. calcaratus, sp. nov. Piceo-brunneus, elytris postice et pronoto anguste testaceo-marginatis; capite permagno, sparsim obsolete punctulato, utrinque inter oculos impresso, sutura clypeali profunde sulcata ; prothorace quam longiori fere duplo latiori ; postice quam antice vix angustiori, leviter canaliculato, latitudine majori paullo ante medium sita, lateribus sat anguste reflexis fortiter arcuatis ante basin sinuatis, angulis posticis sat acute rectis anticis sat rotun- datis sat prominentibus ; elytris fortiter striatis, interstitiis leviter convexis (3° pone medium punctura setifera instructo); tibiis anticis ad apicem processu magno acuto extus armato et supra hunc denticulis 5 parvis; tibiis posterioribus 4 extus denticulis circiter 8 instructis et ad apicem dilatatis. Long., 64 1.; lat., 23 1. Remarkable by the strongly defined external sculpture of its tibie. P. Horni, Sloane, has an apical external process on the front tibiz, but in that species it is shorter and blunter and the denticulations above it are very much smaller; no other Phorticosomus known to me has a similar tibial structure. In other respects this species resembles the insect that Mr. Sloane agrees with me in regarding as P. grandis, Cast., but has a con- siderably more strongly transverse prothorax, that segment being scarcely less (by measurement) than twice as wide as long. Tropical Queensland ; taken by Mr. T. W. G. Blackburn. LOXANDRUS. L. micantior, sp. nov. Modice elongatus, postice nonnihil dilatatus ; minus depressus ; niger, certo adspectu violaceo- iridescens, tibiis antennisque picescentibus, palpis tarsisque ferrugineis; oculis modice convexis; prothorace quam longiori circiter ut 5 ad 4 latiori, antice quam trans basin multo angustiori, longitudinaliter canaliculato, postice 262 fortiter minus crebre punctulato, utrinque ad basin sulco elongato longitudinali impresso, antice leviter emarginato, angulis posticis obtusis, latitudine majori vix ante medium sita, lateribus sat arcuatis anguste (postice magis late) reflexis ; elytris fortiter striatis, striis crenulatis, stria abbreviata scutellari nulla, interstitiis sat anguste sat fortiter convexis (3° ante medium punctura instructo). Long., 41.; lat., 141. Differs from all other Australian Zoxandri known to me or which I can ascertain to have been described, by the evident reflexed margin of its pronotum (the furrow of which is some- what rugulose) and by the strong puncturation across the base of that segment. eronia (Pecilus) rufilabris, Cast., seems to be a Loxandrus, aud is said to have its prothorax ‘“ punctated” behind, but the prothorax of that species is said to be broader in front than behind, and there is no indication of any unusual character in the lateral margin. N. Queensland. NITIDULIDAL. OMOSITA. O. discoidea, Er. I have before me specimens of this insect taken in Tasmania by Mr. Griffith. I believe it has not been hitherto recorded as Australian. LAMELLICORNES. COPTODACTYLA. C. glabricollis, Hope. This name was associated by its autho- with a very brief description of a specimen (which was evidently a female) from Port Essington, on the north coast of Australia. Harold (Ann. Mus. Gen., 1877, p. 39) furnishes a full descrip- tion of both sexes of a species which he considers to be that of Hope. It is unfortunate that he states neither the ground of his identification nor the locality where his specimens were taken. it is to be noted that the size he attributes to the insect (15-16 mm.) is much greater than that quoted by Hope (51). I believe, however, that the identification is correct. I have before me a long series of specimens of Coptodactyla from various localities in Northern Australia (including some from near the original locality) which I regard as appertaining to one very variable species ; and among them are some certainly identical with those described by Harold. None of these examples, how- ever, are quite so small as Hope’s measurements, or quite so large as Harold’s. They vary in color from red-brown to deep black ; in size from 531. to 74£1., and also very greatly in the development of the frontal horn in the male, which in some 263 examples is represented only by a scarcely elevated and very short transverse carina and in successive developments becomes a well elevated carina, then a carina so much elevated as to bea strong tubercle, then a short horn, end eventually a fairly long horn. After careful examination of this series I cannot find any character to rely upon for regarding these forms as representing more than one species—the sculpture of the surface (e.g.) being identical in them all and agreeing with Harold’s description. I notice that the males differ from the females in the very evidently less transverse form of their pygidium. C. ducalis, sp. nov. Fem. Oblonga; sat convexa; nitida; nigra; antennis ferrugineis; capite antice undulatim ruguloso, postice sat manifeste punctulato, clypeo antice obtuse bidentato ; pronoto in disco vix manifeste (angulos anticos versus subfortiter) punctulato, puncturis sat magnis prope marginem basalem impresso, stria marginali trans apicem continua, carina sublaterali a fovea sublaterali oblique ad marginem lateralem ut C. glabricollis, Hope, producta; elytris sat profunde striatis, striis obsolete punctulatis (8* antice abbreviata, 9° ante medium cum margine laterali confusa); pygidio convexo levi. Long., 841.; lat., 441. Larger than any of the three previously described Australian species. Differs inter alia from glabricollis, Hope, by the very much finer puncturation of its elytral strie; from Bazleyi, Blackb., by the emarginate front margin of its clypeus; and from subenea, Harold, by its non-metaliic elytra, and by its pronotum punctured like that of glabricollis, and having the marginal stria continuous across its front (as in glabricollis). N. Queensland (Mr. Cowley). ONTHOPHAGUS. Australian species of this cosmopolitan and extremely plentiful genus have been described under 105 names. Fourteen of them have been set aside (and stand so in Masters’ Catalogue) as synonyms, but two of those fourteen (desectws, Macl., and anermis, Macl.) I believe to be good species, as indicated more particularly below, the rest (so far as I have means of judging) being rightly treated by Masters. There are, however, nine names treated by Masters as valid (or published at a later date than that of his Catalogue) (viz., guinquetuberculatus, Macl.; Schmelizi, Har.; devexus, Macl.; discolor, Hope; decwrio, Lansb.; promptus, Har.; patruelis, Har.; Dubowlayi, Waterh.; and hostilis, Har.) which appear to me to be more or less certainly synonyms and on which notes will be found below. I also suspect,—but am less confident,—that propinquus, Macl.; 264 ntegriceps, Macl., and hwmeralis, Macl., are synonyms. ‘These also are discussed below. Consequently of the 105 names under which Australian Onthophagi have been described I regard only 84 at most as at present deserving to stand, and to these I now add 26 new species, bringing up the total number to 110. The descriptions of the Australian Onthophagi are scattered through the Transactions of a great number of Societies,— European and Australian,—and the types through a great number of European and Australian Museums ; probably not a few of the types have perished. Many of the descriptions, — especially those of the species from the Port Essington region and from the far North of W. Australia,—are of so slight a character as to be absolutely useless without examination of the types or at least of specimens known to be from the original locality. Under these circumstances there is no one in a position to deal with the Australian Onthophagi in any final or authorita- tive manner. The only method by which such an end can be even approached is that of the provision, by someone possessing data that are at least exceptionally plentiful, of a memoir bring- ing together the results of a careful study of all the existing descriptions and indicating the characters of the different species in a collective form. This can be no more than a provisional treatise, but it will at least be a foundation for further investi- gation, and the (probably numerous) inaccuracies that such a tentative revision must contain can be corrected by those who have the means of examining the types that its author has not had access to. Such an essay seems to be the inevitable first step towards a satisfactory treatment of the subject. I happen to possess, or have access to, a considerable number of specimens from the localities that I have mentioned above as those of the most insufficiently described Australian Onthophagi, and therefore have been able to identify with some confidence most of Hope’s species. The specimens referred to were taken by my friend the late Dr. Bovill, by Mr. J. G. O. Tepper, and by Inspector Feelsche,—those of the last two named being in the S. Australian Museum. I think, therefore, that I am in a somewhat excep- tionally favorable position for furnishing a tentative revision of the Australian Onthophagi which I now lay before the Royal Society of S. Australia, not with the expectation that it will prove in all respects accurate, but with the hope that it may prove to be a fresh starting point and will elicit information from various sources by means of which something more satisfactory may follow. I trust it will be found possible at least to identify by means of the following descriptions and notes the insects to which I attribute the various specific names and if so it will be easy for those who have access to types that are not within my reach to call attention to the points that require amendment. 265 Of the 84 already described Australian Onthophagi that seem likely to be valid species, 53 are, I think, before me, leaving 31 which I have not to my knowledge seen. In the following pages there will be found first a tabulation of these 53 species and of the 26 new ones described below ; second, descriptions of the new species and notes on a good many of the older ones; third, a tabulation of the characters of the species not known to me drawn up after careful study of the descriptions of their authors (this, of course, has to be founded on such characters—often very unsatisfactory—as the authors have happened to mention) ; and fourth, a few notes on each of the species not known to me, quoting where it seems desirable the salient points in the de- scriptions. This last part seems necessary io order to render the memoir complete, although in several instances I have been able only to furnish a brief abstract of notes that are not readily accessible in Australia. To the difficulties I have already indicated as hindering a satisfactory treatment of the Australian Onthophagi must be added this, that there is no genus in which the difference between the sexes is in most species more strongly marked or more variable, while at the same time, so far as I know, there is no invariable external character by which the sex of a specimen can be determined positively. I believe that elongation of the front tibize is invariably a male character, but there are many species in which the tibize of the male are not elongated; similarly, a great development of frontal protuberances is usually a male character, but in most (if not all) species these characters are enfeebled in some males to the extent of being unrecognisable, and in a few species the frontal protuberances are stronger in the females than in the males. The front of the pronotum is, I think, never more complex in the female than in the male, and in general it is similar in character in both sexes of a species, but more feeble in development in the female, but there are a few species in which it is essentrally different in the sexes. It is not usual for the puncturation of the pronotum and elytra to differ much sexually, but here again there are exceptions. Neverthe- less, it has been the general practice of authors to form sub- divisions of the genus on the sexual characters. De Harold, for instance, Ann. Mus. Gen., 1877, p. 51, says that the primary divisions are dependent on whether the male frontal protuber- ances are median or lateral. There is no need to discuss here the soundness of that opinion in the abstract, though I may say in passing that as far as I am concerned I do not believe the sexual characters to be the most fundamental, but the practical inconvenience of such a classification is obvious—so obvious, indeed, that there is no occasion to do more than just mention it, 266 The non-sexual characters that I find to be most reliable for distinguishing species are in the basal structure of the pronotum (this character is recognised by Dr. Erichson in the “ Insecten Deutschlands” for sub-dividing Onthophagus), the size and structure of the eyes, the coloring (metallic or non-metallic) of the surface, the puncturation (which does not usually vary sexually to any considerable extent), the presence or absence of pilosity on the upper surface, and the structure of the claws. For tabulating the genus, as regards its Australian species, I adopt six divisions founded primarily on the structure of the base of the pronotum, which assumes four different forms, and secondarily on the structure of the eyes. In the first group the lateral gutter and marginal raised edging of the pronotum pass evenly across the base without the lateral edging becoming enfeebled close to the hind argles, and the eyes are wide, nitid, and not perceptibly facetted on the urface. In the second group the base of the pronotum is as in the first group, except that the raised edging is suddenly and notably eufeebled close to the hind angles; while the eyes are as in the first group. In the third group the structure of the pronotum is as in the second group, but the eyes are very distinctly facetted. In the fourth group the base of the pronotum is not strictly speaking margined, but it is vzsible as a narrow more or less flattened band,—this pseudo-margin being most conspicuous when looked at obliquely from behind. The eyes are variable in structure. , In the fifth group the base of the pronotum has no gutter or flattened space but is bordered by a more or less defined raised edging. In many instances care is necessary in examining this edging to avoid confusing it with a fine carina-like projection hindward on the hind face of the base of the pronotum which is present in (at least most of) the Onthophagz and seems to be related to a depression on the front face of the elytra. The eyes in this group are variable in structure. In the sixth group the base of the pronotum is absolutely even and is not bordered by any gutter, raised line or depression. The structure of the eyes is variable. It would be possible to increase the number of groups by three if full use were made of the characters of the eyes in Groups 4, 5, and 6; but as this would remove into different groups species that seem too closely related for such separation I have contented myself with the six groups specified above. As it is, there are species which seem to connect Groups 4 and 5 rather closely with Group 6, but such overlapping is almost always met with in the division of an extensive genus into groups. 267 The following tabulation shows the relation to each other of the groups :— A. Raised marginal edging of sides of pronotum continues evenly along the base (all the known species large and rugulose) . .. Group I. AA. The raised marginal edging of sides of pronotum becomes at least enfeebled at the hind angles. B. Pronotum bordered at base by a distinct gutter and raised edging. C. Eyes not visibly facetted on surface ses ... Group IT. CC. Eyes distinctly facetted on surface ie Group III. BB. Pronotum bordered at base only by a pseudo- “margin (as described above) sek Monee, Ve BBB. Pronotum bordered at base only by araised line... Group V. BBBB. Pronotum not margined at base ..7, Group rv L It should be added that occasional specimens of those Onthophagi the surface of whose eyes is not perceptibly facetted have the eyes of a pale colour,—perhaps due to iimaturity,— and that in that case underlying facets are quite conspicuous through the smooth surface, but there is not any difficulty in seeing that the surface itself is quite smooth. In the following tabulation the characters cited (unless other- wise stated) are as far as known to the author common to both Sexes. It is quite possible that the examination of the other sex of some few species of which I have seen only one sex may prove that I have in tabulating relied upon characters that are not truly specific in respect of those particular species, but I am very confident that all the Onthophagi before me and tabulated below as distinct species, are really so. Tabular statement of the characters of the Australian Onthophagt :— Group I. A. A horn or tubercle in both sexes on pronotum between median pro- tuberance and lateral margin. B. The frontal projection in both sexes a horn pentacanthus, Har. BB. The frontal ere ee in both sexes a lamina ... -Leai, Black. AA. No horn or tubercle in either sex on pro- notum between median protuberance and lateral margin. B. The front of the frontal horn rugulose and opaque . Mniszechi, Har. BB. The froat of the frontal horn ‘ab any rate in the male) nitid and almost smooth... ferox, Har. Groop II. A. Front of pronotum subvertical (in both sexes so fac as known). B. The retuse front topped by a widely arched carina and (on each side) a tubercle. C. The basal gutter of the pronotum dilated hindward in the middle. 268 D. Lateral edging of pronotum in front of middle strongly raised. E. Interval between the two external tubercles of pronotum not or scarcely wider than head. F. Hind part of pronotum very nitid and mostly smooth .. FF. Pronotum (except retuse front) entirely rugulose and but little MUBIG es: EE. Interval between the two external tubercles of pronotum much wider than head.. DD. Lateral edging of pronotum much finer and much less elevated CC. Basal gutter of pronotum not dilated hindward in middle. D. Clypeal carina angularly elevated in middle. E. Clypeal carina strongly angulate on either side before reaching margin EE. Clypeal carina not angulate later- ally DD. Clypeal carina a not angularly elevated in middle ... BB. Retuse front of pronotum not as in “ B.” C. Frort of clypeus emarginate CC. Front of clypeus widely and very feebly (or not) sinuous AA. Retuse front of pronotum very oblique, and descending from at (or behind) the middle. B. Less nitid. Declivous front of pronotum scarcely carinate longitudinally BB. More nitid. Declivous front of pronotum strongly carinate down middle ae Group III. A. Dorsal surface devoid of metallic colouring (retuse front of pronotum topped by two subcontiguous protuberances). B. Pronotum not (or scarcely) punctulate BB. Pronotum closely and quite strongly punctulate a AA. Dorsal surface green, more or less metallic (retuse front of pronotum topped by four protuberances). B. Dorsal surface opaque BB. Dorsal surface nitid es Group IV. A. Eyes not (or scarcely) perceptibly facetted on surface. B. Retuse front of pronotum topped by strong protuberances... BB. Retuse front of pronotum not topped by protuberances. C. Front of pronotum with a fine median longitudinal carina laminatus, Macl. Cowleyi, Blackb. atrox, Har. Palmerstoni, Black. Sloanei, Blarkb. pugnax, Har. pugnacior, Black. oe Har. nodulifer, Har. declivis, Har. desectus, Mac. macrocephalus, Kirby. capella, Kirby. Bovilli, Blackh. conspicuus, Macl. Erichsoni, Hope. Howitti, Blackb. 269 CC. Front of pronotum even. D. Hind claws large, and at base almost rectangularly bent. EK. Disc of metasternum non-punctulate EE. Disc of metasternum coarsely punctulate DD. Claws fairly large, but of normal structure. E. Disc of metasternum non-punctulate EE. Disc of metasternum with coarse punctures. F. Head not bicarinate in either sex. G. Front of clypeus emarginate ... GG. Front of clypeus not snare: nate FF. Head bicarinate (at any rate in one sex) oa AA. Eyes conspicuously facetted on | surface. B. Eyes comparatively wide. C. Retuse front of pronotum topped by a strong carinate protuberance CC. Retuse front of pronotum protuberant, but not carinate - a3 BB. Eyes much narrower. C. Pygidium not clothed with long or close white or silvery pubescence. D. Sides of pronotum decidedly strongly) sinuate behind middle. K. Upper surface more or less metallic (if only slightly, then densely opaque). F. Sides of proncotum not sinuate in front of middle. G. Pronotum subnitid, quitestrong- ly punctulate GG. Pronotum opaque, turation very faint. H. Crenulations of elytra dis- tinctly punctiform HH. Crenulations of elytra not punctiform FF. Sides of pronotum strongly sinu- ate in front of middle : (or its punc- EE. Black, not at all metallic ¥ DD. Sides of pronotum non-sinuate be- hind middle CC. Pygidium clothed with long (or at least dense) whitish or silvery pilosity. D. The dorsal surface (except pygidium) glabrous or nearly so. EK. Neither pronotum nor elytra bi- colorous. F. Punctures of elytral stricz tee and coarse . FF. Punctures of elytral ‘strize fine. G. Clypeal carina strongly epee, late on either side Kingi, Har. parvus, Blanch. glabratus, Hope. Murchisoni, Blackb. fitzroyensis, Blackb. queenslandicus, Blaekb. picipennis, Hope. bicornis, Macl. australis, -Guér. anisocerus, Hr. fuliginosus, Hr. tweedensis, Blackb. Mastersi, Macl. pexatus, Har. cuniculus, Macl. auritus, Hr. 270 GG. Clypeal carina not or scarcely angulate at sides (at any rate in male)... EE. Both pronotum and elytra bicolor- ous DD. Dorsal surface clothed with dense erect pilosity Group V. A. Eyes comparatively wide scarcely visibly facetted on their surface. B. Elytra clothed with conspicuous erect set (size moderate ; Long., 41.) ... BB. Elytra glabrous (size very small). C. Elytral interstices convex, closely and conspicuously punctulate ... CC. Elytral interstices flat, very sparsely and. inconspicuously punctulate AA. Eyes narrow, conspicuously facetted. B. Elytra clothed with long conspicuous pilosity : BB. Elytra not clothed with long ‘pilosity. C. Pronotum very coarsely and closely rugulose (size large, Long. 51. or more) CC. Pronotum finely and _ confluently asperate. D. Elytra tuberculate ae DD. Elytra not tuberculate ... CCC. Pronotum conspicuously and not con- fluently punctalate. D. Basal joint of hind tarsi strongly com- pressed, and strongly crenulate on margin DD. Basal joint of hind tarsi normal. E. Eyes notably less narrow than in the species under ‘‘ KE.” F. Pronotum evenly convex in hind part FF. Pronotum distinctly sulcate longi- tudinally in hind part. G. Sides of prothorax very dis- tinctly sinuate behind middle. H. Basal edging of pronotum strong and thick HH. Basal edging of pronotum much finer .. GG. Sides of pronotum scarcely sinuate behind middle EE. Eyes extremely narrow, sublinear. F. Pronotum more or less strongly suleate longitudinally in hind part. G. Puncturation of pronotum ex- tremely coarse (and the general surface nitid) in both sexes ... GG. Puncturation of pronotum evi- dently less coarse (in both sexes). Walteri, Macl. rufosignatus, Macl. granulatus, Bohem. Macleayi, Blackb. Helmsi, Blackb. Koebelei, Blackb. aureo viridanus, Blackb. rugosus, Kirby. Haagi, Har. Adelaide, Hope. consentaneus, Har. mutatus, Har. victoriensis, Blackb. Tamworthi, Black. Frenchi, Blackb. henleyensis, Blackb. 271 H. Long pilosity on front part of dorsal surface of pronotum in both sexes ... ... jubatus, Har. HH. Pronotum non-pilose. I. General surface opaque, pro- notum extremely closely punctulate (in both sexes) nanus, Waterh II. General surface nitid, pro- notum not closely punc- tulate (at least in one sex) pontilis, Black. FF, Pronotum without any trace of longitudina! sulcus. G. Antennal club obscure. H. Puncturation of elytral inter- stices (especially near suture) fine and sparse,—at least in male Zietzi, Blackb. HH. Puncturation of elytral it in- terstices (and of the strie) very much coarser ... nitidior, Blackb. GG, Antennal club yellow ... blackwoodensis, Black. Group VI. A. Eyes wide, their surface not (or but little) yerceptibly facetted. B. Dorsal surface clothed with pilosity ... latro, Har. BB. Dorsal surface not pilose. C. Surface of eyes very nitid, not percepti- bly facetted. D. Claws moderate, normally arched ... pronus, Er. DD. Clawslarge, bentalmost rectangularly at base, E. Disc of metasternum impressed with coarse punctures. F. Greatest wicth of prothorax . (viewed from above) considerably in front of middle ... ... submuticus, Blackb. FF. Greatest width of pronotum (viewed from above) at middle inermis, Macl.* EE. Disc of metasternum devoid of course punctures... muticus, Macl. CC. Surface of elytra much less nitid, — evidently facetted oe Comperei, Blackb. AA. Eyes narrow, their surface conspicuously facetted (quite granulate). B. Dorsal! surface setose or pilose. C. The elytral interstices equal (or nearly so) inter se. D. Elytral striz shallowly sulciform (as wide as the interstices) . geelongensis, Blackb. DD. Elytral strie narrow (very much narrower than the interstices). EK. Dorsal surface metallic... ... margaretensis, Blackb. EE. Dorsal surface non-metallic ... Fletcheri, Blackb. * The single specimen before me that I take to be this insect has lost its claws, but it is so evidently close to muticus, Macl., &c., that I have no doubt its claws are like those of muticus. 272 CC. Alternate elytral interstices Roney elevated ‘ek . asper, Macl. BB. Dorsal surface not setose nor r pilose. C. Elytra opaque and densely coriaceous, with flat almost puncturelessinterstices posticus, H7. CC. Elytra not as in posticus, Er. D. Neither pronotum nor elytrabicolorous. E. Pronotum not confluently punc- tulate. F. Punctures of elytral strie well defined, not confused with those of the interstices (which are much finer). G. Pronotum with an evident longitudinal sulcus in hind part. H. Front part of pronotum rugu- lose. Size moderate, more than 41. long ... Dunningi, Har. HH. Front part of pronotum not rugulose. Size small, less than 31. long ... Dumbrelli, Blackb: GG. Pronotum evenly convex across hind part sydneyensis, Blackb. FF. Punctures of elytral striz much confused with coarse intersti- tial puncturation .. negatorius, Blackb. EE. Pronotum confluently ‘and asper- ately punctulate... subocellizger, Blackb. DD. Pronotum unicolorous, elytra bi- colorous. E. Elytra opaque Sc ... Tubrimaculatus, Maci. - EK. Elytra nitid. F. Elytral interstices finely et tulate ... quadripustulatus, Fab. FF. Elytral interstices coarsely pune- tulate ... bipustulatus, Fab. DDD. Both Shar and elyora bicolor- ous y ... cruciger, Macl. O. Cowileyi, sp. nov. Latus; robustus; supra glaber; subtus fulvo-hirtus ; subnitidus ; ferrugineus vel piceus, antennarum clava rufo-testacea; clypeo transversim rugato; sutura clypeali carinata ; carina frootali ut lamina erecta utrinque leviter vel vix sursum producta; oculis convexis, vix mani- feste granulatis, latis (horum latitudine quam antennarum clave vix minori); prothorace quam longiori ut 18 ad 11 latiori, supra antice retuso, parte retusa levi vel potius obsolete punctulata, cetera parte grosse fortiter rugulosa postice longitudinaliter impressa, parte dorsali media antice carina forti transversa arcuata integra marginata tuberculo sat magno conico utrinque pone oculum supra partem retusam sito, fovea magna laterali fortiter impressa, lateribus modice arcuatis antice et postice sat fortiter sinuatis, 273 angulis anticis sat dentiformibus posticis obtusis, sulco laterali marginali trans basin continuo in medio manifeste subangulatim retrorsum dilatato, carina marginali laterali trans basin minus perspicue continua; elytris leviter crenulato-striatis, crenulis quam striez vix latioribus, inter- stitiis subtiliter coriaceis parum convexis leviter (latera versus magis profunde) punctulatis: pygidio coriaceo sat crebre minus profunde punctulato; metasterno coriaceo sat sparsim subgrosse punctulato. Maris clypeo antice sat producto plus minusve emarginato, lateribus antice sinuatis; tibiis anticis sat elongatis, minus latis, extus sat fortiter 4-dentatis. Femine clypeo antice vix producto subtruncato, lateribus antice haud sinuatis; tibiis anticis minus elongatis magis fortiter 4-dentatis. Long., 7—811.; lat., 4—44 1. There is very little reliable external difference between the sexes except in the form of the clypeus and the structure of the front tibie. In a well developed male the ends of the frontal lamina are produced upward as quite strong teeth ; in the female and in some males this upward dilatation is quite slight. Looked at from in front the whole dorsal surface of the head behind the clypeal carina seems to consist of this frontal lamina,—the sur- face sculpture of which varies considerably (from being strongly to only lightly rugulose) and does not depend on sex. The species which I regard as O. atrox, Har., is very close to O. Cowleyi, differing from it chiefly by the hinder elevation on its head being in the male a mere tranverse cariniform line, by the transverse carina above the retuse front of the pronotum having its ex- tremities so far from each other that each of them is directly behind the middle of one of the eyes, by the same carina running in the form of two sides of a triangle the apex of which is truncate and slightly emarginate, by the retuse front of the pronotum being pilose and punctulate, by the interstices of the elytra being flatter, more opaque, and less distinctly punctulate, and by the distance between the external tubercles of the pronotum being a little less than the width of the head. N. Queensland (sent by the late Mr. Cowley). O. laminatus, Macl. I think I have correctly identified this insect. The sculpture of the front part of the pronotum is very insufficiently described, and there are several species that fit the description in this respect ; but in characterising the punctwration of the pronotum Sir W. Macleay says “the greater portion of the rest of the prothorax is punctured,” and I find one species (and one only) of this group to which those words apply satisfactorily since on its pronotum the coarse rugulosity that occupies the area immediately behind the retuse front becomes rapidly 274 obsolete hindward and is very faint or altogether wanting on nearly the hinder half of the dorsal surface. Apart from the character just referred to, this insect is very close to O. Cowleyi, Blackb. The arched transverse carina of the pronotum is how- ever less strongly arched, with its extremities further from each other; the extremities of the frontal lamina are (in all the examples before me) much more strongly produced upward than in O. Cowleyi of same sex ; and the front tibie of the male are notably more slender and elongate, there being about nine crenulations on the external outline above the uppermost of the large teeth, while in O. Cowleyz there are only six or seven. The distance between the external tubercles of the pronotum is less than the width of the head. O. quinque tuberculatus, Macl. Some years ago while staying in Sydney I inspected the type of this insect, and made a note against it in my Catalogue ‘“!=atrox, Har.” I do not attach much importance to this note inasmuch as it was probably not founded on comparison with, but only on memory of, atroz ; nevertheless I have little doubt from the description of 5-tuberculatus that it is identical with the insect that I believe to be atrox, because that is the only Onthophagus (of this Group) known to meas inhabiting Eastern Australia the stracture of whose pronotum would be likely to suggest the name 5 tuberculatus and because the description contains no mention of any other character inconsistent with identity, unless it be the expression “finely punctulate” applied to the insect in general, which does not suit atrox except in respect of the elytra, Tt must be noted however that Macleay is extremely vague in describing the puncturation of the different parts of his Onthophagi, not always referring to it at all and in other instances only using the word ‘‘punctulate.” At any rate if 5-tuberculatus is not atrox it 1s a species I have not seen, and I have examined a large number of Onthophagi from Queensland (its habitats). O. atroz, Har. From the above notes (on the preceding species) the Onthophagus that I have called by this name will be easily identified. It is the only one of this group known to me having the retuse front of its pronotum pilose If my identifica- tion is incorrect it can easily be corrected by anyone who can examine the type of atrow. It can be regarded as having 5 tubercles placed in a transverse line along the summit of the retuse front of the pronotum, inasmuch as each extremity of the tranverse carina is slightly prominent in most examples and the middle of the carina by a little stretch of imagination may be counted as a somewhat bifid tubercle. The external tubercle on either side is well defined. The interstices of the elytra are 275. very flat opaque and very finely punctulate, especially those near the suture. The frontal carina is very feeble in the male and not elevated into a tooth or horn (at most only angular) at its extremities in either sex. The distance between the external tubercles of the pronotum isa little greater than the width of the head. O. Palmerstont, sp. nov. Sat brevis, lateribus sat rotundatis ; supra glaber; subtus fulvo-hirtus; modice nitidus ; obscure rufus, antennis dilutioribus ; capite fere ut O. Cowleyi, sed lamina frontali ad latera nullo mode elevata et oculis non- nihil angustioribus ; prothorace fere ut O. Cowleyi sed supra minus crebre ruguloso (basin versus hauad ruguloso sed con- cinne subsparsim minus profunde punctulato), parte sub- basali ipsa anguste levi opaca, angulis posticis magis definitis ; elytris subtiliter crenulato-striatis, striis sub- nitidis, crenulis quam striz nullo modo latioribus, interstitiis planis (latera versus leviter convexis) opacis coriaceis vix manifeste punctulatis; pygidio coriaceo, leviter sparsim punctulato ; metasterno coriaceo sat sparsim modice punc- tulato Maris(?) clypeo antice minus producto subemarginatim truncato, lateribus antice vix sinuatis ; tibiis anticis modice elongatis, minus latis, extus sat fortiter 4-dentatis. Long., 52.1.5 lat., 341. The unique specimen before me of this insect has front tibie scarcely so long and narrow as those of the male of O. Cowleyi but much more so than those of the female of that species ; I think therefore that itis a male. There are about 7 crenulations on the edge of the front tibiz above the uppermost of the large teeth. The most satisfactory characters for distinguishing 1t from the other Onthophagi of this group seem to be the punctura- tion of the pronotum and the surface sculpture of the elytra. The former does not (as it does in O. laminatus, Macl.) become faint and scarcely impressed behind the middle, but changes from being (in the middle of the dorsal surface) close and rugulose vermiculate sculpture to become behind the middle isolated deeply impressed sparse strong non-rugulose punctures. The distance between the external tubercles of the pronotum is less than the width of the head. The elytral striz are exceptionally fine and the dorsal interstices absolutely flat and as opaque as those of the species referred to above as O. atrox, Har.,—so that (as in the latter) the striz appear nitid in contrast. The pronotum is more nitid than in any other Onthophagus known to me (of this group) except laminatus, Macl. The absence of upward projection at the ends of the frontal lamina distinguishes this insect from laminatus and Cowley of both sexes but the degree of upward projection in those species varies too much to justify 276 laying much emphasis on this character on the strength of a single specimen. Viewed from in front the frontal lamina looks to be a nitid almost punctureless quadrate plate sloping hindward and upward from the clypeal carina (which forms its base) aud having all its sides sharply defined right lines or nearly so (which is the case also with specimens of O. Cowleyi having a feebly developed lamina but no other known to me of the group). Viewed from behind the frontal lamina looks like that of the female of the Brisbane species which I take to be O. pugnaz, Har. (vide infra) while in O. Cowleyi the corresponding lamina looks quite different owing to the upward projection being (in all specimens examined) quite conspicuous. This is the smallest Onthophagus I have seen of this group. N. Australia (Palierston). O. Sloanei, sp. nov. Latus; robustus; supra glaber ; subtus fulvo-hirtus; opacus (pronoto capiteque leviter subnitido) ; ater, antennis rufo-testaceis ; capite minus lato, ante oculos parum dilatato ; clypeo transversim rugato antice angulatim emarginato ; capitis parte inter carinas crebre fortiter punc- tulata, sutura clypeali carinata in medio leviter angulatim elevata; oculis ut O. Cowleyi, Blackb.; prothorace quam longiori ut 11 ad 7 latiori, supra antice retuso, parte retusa sat manifeste sat crebre punctulata, cetera parte grosse fortiter rugulosa postice longitudinaliter vix impressa, parte dorsali media antice carina transversa arcuata (hac in medio profunde sinuata et utrinque tuberculo parvo terminata) marginata, tuberculo sat magno conico utrinque sito, fovea magna laterali fortiter impressa, lateribus angulisque ut O. Cowleyi, sulco laterali marginali trans basin continuo in medio subangulato sed vix dilatato, carina marginali laterali trans basin sat fortiter continua; elytris obsolete (latera versus minus obsolete) crenulato-striatis, crenulis quam striz haud latioribus, interstitiis planis (lateralibus leviter con- vexis) coriaceis (humeris nitidis haud coriaceis) sparsim subtilissime (latera versus magis fortiter) punctulatis; pygidio coriaceo et metasterno sat fortiter punctulatis. Maris carina frontali quam clypealis vix magis elevata ; tiblis anticis sat elongatis, minus latis extus sat fortiter 4-dentatis. Femine carina frontali sat elevata, utrinque sursum producta ; tibiis anticis minus elongatis, magis latis, extus magis fortiter 4-dentatis. Long., 7—721.; lat., 4—41 1. To a casual glance extremely like the species calied O. atrox, Har. (above), but differing from it (independently of sexual characters) by the clypeus strongly emarginate in both sexes, the glabrous retuse front of the pronotum, the narrower head (very 277 little expanded in front of the eyes) and the base of the pronotum with its marginal furrow rather narrowand notdilatedand flattened in the middle, and its marginal raised edging much stronger. The distance between the external tubercles of the pronotum is much greater than the width of the head. I have named this species after Mr. T. G. Sloane, who is doing such admirable work on the Australian Carabide. N.W. Australia. O. pugnax, Har. Judged by the description this species must be very close to O. atrox, Har., although its author does not refer to the other in the description of either. I have examples of an Onthophagus from Brisbane (the habitat cited by Harold) which I think must be pugnaz, and they are extremely close to the species that I have (above) called atrox. They are of shorter and broader build and are not so opaque; the retuse front of their pronotum is not pilose and the structure of the base of their pronotum is as in O. Sloanei, from which species they differ znter alia in the front of their clypeus not being emarginate. The distance between the external tubercles of their pronotum is greater than the width of the head. The differences between pugnax and atrox in respect of the sexual characters of the head appear to be chiefly in degree rather than kind, and I cannot attach very much importance to them. O. pugnacior, sp. nov. (mas). O. Sloanei, Blackb., maris affinis ; differt capite pronotoque paullo minus nitidis ; illo Jatiori, ante oculos sat fortiter dilatato; clypeo brevi latissimo antice rotundato; carina clypeali subobsoleta, in parte mediana nullo modo elevata, carina frontali antrorsum fortiter arcuata ; pronoti parte retusa subobsolete punctulata, dorso minus fortiter ruguloso, carina arcuata transversa leviter tantum sinuata nullo modo tuberculata; elytrorum humeris coriaceis haud nitidis ; metasterno (lateribus excep- tis) multo minus fortiter punctulato. Long., 7? 1.; lat., 4 1. This species is so closely allied to O. Sloanei, that it seems use- less to repeat the diagnosis at full length ; the diagnosis applies exactly to this species except in so far as specified above. The extreme feebleness of the clypeal carina makes the frontal carina (without being absolutely more elevated than in Sloanez) much more elevated in comparison with the former. The external teeth of the front tibe are much more feeble in my example of pugnacior than in Sloanez, but I doubt whether this is a constant character. The structure of the basal margin of the pronotum readily distinguishes pugnacior from all the other species known to me of this group except Sloane and the species mentioned above as pugnax, Har. Itis even closer to the latter than to Sloanez, from which it différs in all the respects mentioned above 278 as distinctions from Sloanei except the form of the front margin of the clypeus, and the structure of the transverse carina of the pronotum, in which it resembles pugnax. The frontal carina viewed from behind is an elevated line forming a regular strong curve with its convexity forward, while in pugnax and Sloanei it is sinuous with its median part widely and feebly curved in the opposite direction. The clypeus is much shorter and wider than in any other species known to me of this group. The distance between the external tubercles of the pronotum is a little greater than the width of the head. N. Queensland. O. Bovilli, sp. nov. Sat latus, supra glaber ; subtus fulvo-hirtus ; sat opacus coriaceus; obscure viridis (corpore subtus et pygidio nigricantibus, elytris piceis parum viridescentibus), tarsis palpis antennisque ferrugineis (harum clava testacea) ; capite modice lato; clypeo transversim rugato antice trun- cato, sutura clypeali carinata; lamina frontali modice elevata, ad angulos vix prominenti; capite inter carinas ruguloso; oculis sat angustis, manifeste granulatis, pro- thorace quam longiori ut 18 ad 11 latiori, supra antice breviter retuso, parte retusa sat obsolete punctulata, cetera parte grosse crebre rugulosa postice longitudinaliter obsolete sulcata, parte dorsali media anguste antrorsum prominenti (et subcarinato-marginata) in medio emarginata, tuberculo sat magno utrinque sito, angulis anticis subdentiformibus posticis rotundato-obtusis, fovea laterali fortiter impressa, lateribus ante medium leviter (pone medium modice) sinuatis, sulco laterali marginali trans basin continuo haud in medio dilatato, carina marginali trans basin continua, basi leviter trisinuata; elytris leviter crenulato-striatis, crenulis quam striz haud latioribus, interstitiis subconvexis crebrius sat obsolete punctulatis, humeris nitidis haud coriaceis ; pygidio metasternoque obsolete punctulatis ; tibiis anticis sat brevibus; unguiculis modicis. Long., 4% 1; lat., 23 1. Very distinct from all the species of the Jaminatus group (with which group it agrees superficially and in most characters) by its conspicuously granulate and much narrower eyes. These re- semble the eyes of O. conspicuus, Macleay, which is a very much more nitid and brilliantly metallic insect, with the pronotum in both sexes much less closely and rugulosely punctured, and with the punctures of the elytral interstices very much finer (indeed almost wanting). The type is in the 8. Australian Museum. It is probably a female. Named after the late Dr. Bovill. Northern Territory of 8. Australia. O. desectus, Macl. I agree with Mr, C. O. Waterhouse, Ann. 279 N.H. (VI.) XIV., that Harold was probably mistaken in re- garding this species as a synonym of declivis, Har. I have before me a Queensland specimen which I compared some years ago with the type of desectws and found to be identical. It is, I think, certainly distinct from declivis from which (of same sex, female) it differs by its considerably more nitid surface, the quite strong emargination of the middle of the frontal carina, the much more conspicuous longitudinal carina occupying the middle of the retuse portion of the pronotum, and the much larger and deeper punctures of the metasternum. It would be interesting to know what species it was that Sir W. Macleay regarded as declivis, Har., in 1888, when he reported that species as occurring in N.W. Australia. If he considered it as identical with desectus (i.e., if by declavis he meant desectus) then in all probability the insect from N.W. Australia that he described (Proc. LS., 1888, p. 899) under the name devexus as “ very like O. declivis, but of a much coarser and rougher sculpture” was the true declivis. The remainder of the description fits O. declivis, Har., very well except in the mention of the frontal carina being “ very minutely emarginate in the middle.” I have not seen any example of declivis of either sex having that carina emarginate, but there is certainly sufficient tendency to variation in the frontal structure of the Onthophagi to render it very inexpedient to found a species upon slight differences in that character alone. O. Schmeltzi, Har. I have no doubt but what this is a variety of O. capella, Kirby. There is absolutely nothing in its author’s description and remarks to differentiate it from capella except the form of the frontal lamina in the male, and even that is a mere difference in the shape of the outline of the portion connect- ing the erect extremities. O. macrocephalus, Kirby. Sat latus; supra glaber ; subtus fulvo- hirtus; minus nitidus; niger, antennis ferrugineis, clava testacea; clypeo transversim rugato; sutura clypeali sat fortiter carinata; carina frontali sat alta; capite inter carinas nitido obsolete punctulato ; oculis convexis manifeste granulatis, sat angustis (horum latitudine quam antennarum clave fere duplo minori); prothorace quam longiori ut 18 ad 11 latiori, supra antice retuso, fere levi vel potius obso- letissime (latera versus paullo magis perspicue) punctulato, parte dorsali media antice tuberculis 2 (ut O. capelle, Kirby) instructis, tuberculis inter hos et margines laterales nullis, fovea magna laterali fortiter impressa, lateribus fortiter arcuatis postice =fortiter sinuatis, angulis anticis (ut O. capelle) subobtusis posticis valde obtusis, sulco marginali laterali trans basin continuo in medio vix dilatato, carina marginali trans basin continua (prope angulos sat obsoleta, 280 in medio sat forti) ; elytris leviter crenulato-striatis, crenulis quam striz haud latiorikus, interstitiis sat convexis coriaceis suturam versus obsolete (latera versus magis perspicuez) punctulatis ; pygidio coriaceo leviter minus crebre punc- tulato. Maris clypeo antice sat producto-acuminato et reflexo, lamina frontali pervariabili (vel paullo supra oculos truncata, vel plus minusve sursum producta et acuminata). Femine clypeo antice sat late rotundato parum reflexo ; lamina frontali minus elevata utrinque plus minusve sursum acuminata. Long., 64—741.; lat., 32—44 1. It has seemed to me desirable to redescribe this species, as the original diagnosis is very brief and applies only to one sex. The development of the male characters varies to an extraordinary extent (from the form described by Kirby, down to a form in which the frontal elevation is merely a widely truncate feeble carina not much different from that of the female of O. capella). IT have not, however, seen a male in which there is any upward projection of the ends of the frontal lamina,—this form being apparently distinctive of the female (though in some females exceedingly slight). The subacuminately produced, and some- what strongly reflexed, clypeus of the male seems to be the most satisfactory distinction of that sex. I cannot satisfy myself that there is any workable distinction between the front tibiew of the sexes. The tubercles at the summit of the middle of the retuse front of the pronotum vary in size inversely with the size of the frontal lamina,—so that those tubercles are at their maximum in the female and at their minimum in a highly developed male. As a species this Onthophagus is very distinct, its only near ally known to me being O. capella, Kirby, which has a strongly punctulate pronotum, elytral interstices almost absolutely flat, &c. N.S. Wales. O. capella, Kirby. I have found a specimen which evidently appertains to this species (it is not even a variety) among some Coleoptera sent to me from Cape York by the late Mr. Cowley. O. capitosus, Har. A single (female) example from Cape York in my collection seems to be this species, although if so it is a colour variety, the head and prothorax being piceous, the elytra and pygidium clear ferruginous. It has the short clypeal carina attributed to capitosus, and the front of the clypeus emarginate as described. The front of the pronotum is only very slightly retuse. This is a very isolated species; the base of its pronotum is as in O. capella, Kirby, but it differs from capella and the rest of its group by, znéer alia, its eyes not distinctly granulate (as in declivis, Har.). O. picipennis, Hope. Iam fairly confident that I know this 281 species, but ouly because I have before me some examples from the neighbourhood (Port Essington) that Hope cites as its habitat. The description is quite insufficient, and the name absurd,—as the author himself in his diagnosis says “ elytris nigris.” The phrase ‘“‘thorace trigono” is very puzzling; I do not know of any Onthophagus that it would suit; following words describing the structure of the summit of the retuse front forbid the supposition that the phrase refers to that part having three angular projections. I have concluded that the reference must be to the strong dilatation of the prothorax near the front, making the front itself appear (when looked at casually, from behind, obliquely) very much wider than the base, so that witha little imagination the segment seems to have a certain resem- blance to a triangle with the apex truncate. One of the speci- mens before me happened to be mounted in such a manner that this similarity is certainly traceable. The only other explanation I can suggest is that “thorace” may stand in error for “ clypeo.” ““Capite ante oculos furcato” I[ take to refer to the hornlike upward prolongment of the ends of the frontal lamina. The species before me varies in colour from reddish piceous to black and is nitid (the club of the antenne testaceous) ; the base of its pronotum is not strictly speaking margined, but a narrow mar- ginal space is flattened, and not continuing evenly the hind declivity of the surface may be called a narrow pseudo-margin. The clypeal suture forms a carina abbreviated at each end ; the frontal lamina is well-marked and its ends are elevated very variably; the clypeus is acuminate in front, with sinuous sides and reflexed apex ; the eyes resemble those of O. capella, Kirby (fairly wide, and distinctly facetted); the pronotum is rather closely and not finely (but not deeply) punctulate (the punctures very sparse and faint on the retuse front and also near the base); the middle of the retuse front is topped by a strong widely and sinuously arched transverse carina; the sides of the pronotum are extremely strongly sinuate behind the middle but (viewed from above) non-sinuate in front of the middle ; the front angles are roundly (but not widely) obtuse, the hind angles well defined and widely obtuse ; the elytra are somewhat strongly crenulate- striate, the crenulations inclining towards being punctures; the elytral interstices are more or less convex (especially towards the sides) aud evenly sparsely and not very finely punctulate; the pygidium is coriaceous and somewhat coarsely punctulate ; the metasternum is finely sparsely and not deeply punctulate. If (as I believe to be the case) I have both sexes before me, the sexual differences are very feeble, the female having the clypeus less acuminate in front, the ends of the frontal lamina less pro- duced and the retuse front of the pronotum less elevated and more distinctly punctulate, 282 An example from Cape York is very near to this species but differs in the transverse carina of the pronotum being evenly arched. I believe it to bea good species, but more specimens ought to be examined before it is described ; it does not appear to have been described unless it should prove to be a variety of picipennis, Hope. O. Erichsoni, Hope. Specimens that I have no doubt represent this species were sent to me from the Port Essington region by the late Dr. Bovill and there are other examples (from the same place) in the S. Australian Museum. In Masters’ Catalogue O. inermis, Macl., is sunk as a synonym of this insect, but that seems to be clearly an error. The specimens before me belong to the same group of Onthophagi as those referred to above under the name O. picipennis, having a narrow flattened space forming a pseudo-margin at the base of the pronotum. It seems desirable to supplement Hope’s brief description with the following par- ticulars :—Clypeus rather strongly and narrowly produced and acuminate in the male (evenly rounded or nearly so, in female) ; puncturation of head none or very faint in male (in female transversely rugose on clypeus, feeble to strong elsewhere) ; eyes fairly wide, their surface smooth non-granulate (though in some examples underlying facets are visible through the smooth surface); clypeal suture carinate, entire; frontal carina very feeble in male, its ends more developed and-—-from some points of view—tuberculiform (in female better developed, with a somewhat quadrate projection in the middle) ; pronotum faintly (or scarcely) punctulate, a strong longitudinal sulcus on hind part, retuse in front, retuse front topped in male by a broad flattened anteriorly emarginate process which projects forward and slightly upward (in the female this is much smaller and almost divided into two, and there is a small tubercle at the external limit of the retuse front), sides strongly sinuate both in front of and behind the middle, front angles subacute, hind angles roundly obtuse ; elytra strongly crenulate-striate, the crenulations tending to be punc- tures, interstices more or less convex and faintly but somewhat closely and not finely punctulate; pygidium with strong sparse punctures mixed with much finer ones; metasternum with strong punctures on the sides and hinder part; front tibie of male very evidently longer than of female and having a pencil of golden hairs at their inner apex (Long., 4444 1.). O. Howvtti, sp. nov. Latus; supra glaber; subtus fulvo-hirtus ; sat nitidus ; niger, tarsis palpis antennisque plus minusve ferrugineis (harum clava testacea) ; clypeo fortissime trans- versim rugato, antice haud vel vix sinuato ; sutura clypeali fortiter carinata ; carina frontali leviter elevata ; capite inter carinas fortiter rugulose punctulato; oculis sat latis vix 283 manifeste granulatis ; prothorace quam longiori ut 16 ad 11 Jatiori, antice leviter (maris?) vel vix (feminz?) oblique retuso, antice crebre subrugulose vix fortiter (in cetera parte minus crebre nec rugulose, retrorsum gradatim magis obso- lete) punctulato, antice longitudinaliter subtiliter carinato, postice longitudinaliter leviter canaliculato, foveis sublater- alibus profundis, lateribus ante medium vix perspicue (pone medium fortiter) sinuatis, angulis anticis sat acutis (nullo modo dentiformibus) posticis obtusis bene definitis, basi anguste planata; elytris crenulatostriatis, crenulis leviter impressis subpunctiformibus, interstitiis sat planis vix perspicue punctulatis ; pygidio crebrius subtilius punctulato ; metasterno levi (lateribus et parte antica sat grosse excep- tis) punctulato ; tibiis anticis sat brevibus. ’ Maris (?) carina frontali sat fortiter sinuata; elytris magis nitidis. Femine (?) carina frontali fere recta; elytris minus nitidis, subtilissime coriaceis. Long., 5—5}1.; lat., 3i—3 1. I believe my two specimens of this insect to be male and female, but the differences are not so strongly marked as not to be possibly variations of development in one sex; there is no decided distinction in the front tibie. The species superficially resembles the female of the Onthophagus mentioned above as O. desectus, Macl., but differs from it by its very evidently wider and shorter form, by its much more nitid surface (the specimen that I regard as a male has quite brilliantly nitid elytra and the female is not very much less nitid), by its pronotum much less retuse in front without anything like a tubercle at the top of the retuse part, by the absence of a turned- up edge at the base of the pronotum, by the very much less strong and close puncturation (which moreover is non-rugulose) of the hinder part of the pronotum, &c. In the specimen which I regard as the female of O. Howitti the hind one-third of the pronotum is all but non-punctulate. Northern Territory of 8. Australia. O. Zietzi, sp. nov. Mas. Latus; supra glaber; subtus sparsim fulvo- hirtus; nitidus; niger, tarsis et antennarum basi picescentibus ; clypeo crebre fortiter punctulato, antice emarginato ; sutura clypeali fortiter carinata; carina frontali fortiter elevata, supra fortiter arcuatim emarginata ; capite inter carinas sat grosse punctulato; oculis angustissimis minus subtiliter granulatis ; prothorace quam longiori ut 18 ad 11 latiori, antice breviter retuso, sparsius minus fortiter punctulato, lateribus ante medium haud (pone medium parum perspicue) sinuatis, foveis sublateralibus bene definitis, angulis anticis 284 leviter obtusis parum productis posticis rotundato-obtusis, basi subtilissime elevato-marginata; elytris . crenulato- striatis, crenulis punctiformibus quam striz sat latioribus, interstiis fere planis sparsim subtilius (latera versus magis fortiter magis crebre) punctulatis ; pygidio sparsim subtilius punctulato ; metasterno fere levi (parte antica lateribusque sat grosse punctulatis exceptis); tibiis anticis fortiter elongatis ; unguiculis sat parvis. Long., 2 1.; lat., 121. Very close to O. nitidior, Blackb., but seems to be certainly a distinct species. It is without the slight coppery tone of that insect, Its pronotum is scarcely margined at the base (in nitidier distinctly), the punctiform crenulations of its elytral strie are considerably smaller, its elytral interstices are nearly flat and (especially those near the suture) are quite finely (in nitidior coarsely) punctulate, and its pygidium is very much more finely punctured. A single example (taken by Mr. Zietz) is in the 8. Australian Museum. Central Australia (Lake Callabonna). O. bicornis, Macl. I have specimens from the Northern Territory evidently appertaining to this species. They are closely allied to those mentioned above as O. Erichsoni, Hope, but are much smaller (Long., 3—341.). The frontal lamina in the female is straight and entire (without projections at ends or middle), in the male represented by two short isolated horns ; the median projection topping the retuse front of the pronotum in the male is much like that of O. Hrichsoni, and there is a conic tubercle on either side at the external limit of the retuse frout (in the female the middle projection becomes a scarcely prominent and scarcely emarginate gibbosity and there is no external tubercle) ; the sides of the prothorax are not sinuate in front of the middle; the front angles of the prothorax are obtuse and the hind angles very well defined (not far from being right angles); the eyes are quite distincsly granulate. O. glabratus, Hope. There are several Australian Onthophagi that the few words in which this species is described would fit very fairly well. One of them is a species that was sent to me by the late Dr. Bovill from the Port Essington neighbourhood, and therefore I have little doubt of its being the true glabratus. The following indication of characters will enable it to be identified :— Long, 43 1.—5}1.; color uniform, varying from red-brown lo black, tarsi palpi and antenne lighter (especially the antennal club, which is somewhat testaceous) ; upper surface glabrous coriaceous subopaque ; head without any transverse carine, its surface to about the level of the eyes transversely wrinkled, hinder part scarcely punctulate; pronotum faintly sparsely and excessively finely punctulate, without inequalities 285 except the sublateral fovea on either side, its base with a very narrow pseudo-margin (as indicated above under picipennis, Hope), the sides not sinuate in front of the middle and not strongly sinuate behind the middle; the eyes nitid and smooth (but with underlying granulation visible in some examples) ; elytra very finely crenulate-striate, striz somewhat nitid, crenu- lations very feeble and not wider than the striz, interstices flat (or nearly so) scarcely punctulate, pygidium and metasternum scarcely punctulate ; front of c!ypeus just perceptibly sinuous in ‘the middle; no sexual distinctions observed (although numerous specimens examined) except that in some examples the front tibize are more slender than in others. The only discrepancy with Hope’s description is in the colour of the antennal club. Hope calls the antenne of the type “ piceous” in distinction from the general black colour. In reality the club of the antenne is dull testaceous, but in several specimens before me (and probably it was the case with the type) the club is dirty and looks darker than it really is. O. australis, Guér. , I am doubtful as to whether the common Onthophagus that usually bears this name in collections is really this almost undescribed insect. The original description is prac- tically unintelligible unless assisted by comparison with the Indian O. dama, Fab., but as its author expressly states that its elytra are black and the elytra of the Onthophagus I refer to are always more or less green or coppery, there certainly seems to be a doubt about the identification. Harold published a note in 1867 claiming the name for the commcn Onthophagus to which it is usually attributed, but he gives no reason for his determina- tion, which could not possibly be decisive of the matter unless it was founded on comparison with the type. As, however, I have no means of ascertaining whether the type is still in existence, I accept Harold’s identification; though it is to be noted that Guérin says of australis ‘‘thorace mutico” which does not apply (as Harold himself indicates) to the species for which he claims the name. O. tweedensis, sp. nov. Mas. Sat latus; supra glaber; subtus fulvo-hirtus; minus nitidus; supra subtiliter coriaceus ; viridis, elytris nigris vix violaceis, tarsis palpis antennisque ferrugineis (harum clava testacea), clypeo crebre minus fortiter punctulato, antice late reflexo subtruncato; sutura clypeali minus fortiter carinata; lamina frontali sat alta utringue ut cornu elongatum sat gracile producta (cornubus apicem versus sat fortiter convergentibus ; capite pone cly- peum sparsius subfortiter punctulato ; oculis angustis fortius granulatis ; prothorace quam longiori ut 18 add 11 latiori, supra antice retuso, parte retusa levi in medio anguste 286 oblique declivi ultra declivitatem mediam (hic subgibboso et hine fere verticali), cetera parte sparsim subgrosse nec pro- funde vix rugulose punctulato, foveis lateralibus magnis profundis, lateribus et ante et pone medium fortiter sinuatis, angulis anticis dentiformibus posticis obtusis, basi anguste subplanata ; elytris crenulato-striatis, crenulis haud puncti- formibus, interstitiis subconvexis sparsim subtiliter puac- tulatis ; pygidio-sparsim subfortiter punctulato ; metasterno fere levi (parte antica externa utringque sat grosse punc- tulata excepta); tibiis anticis minus elongatis ; unguiculis sat parvis. Lony., 41.; 22 1. Allied to O. australis, Guér.; and O. Mastersi, Macl. Its green coloring is considerably brighter than in the former and in no part is it so decidedly black as the latter, its black coloring even on the elytra having a manifest indigo tone. The very strong Sinuation of the sides of its prothorax in the front half distin- guish it quite effectually from australis ; they are slightly sinuate in Mastersi, but that species is entirely black on the upper surface and the crenule of its elytral striz are notably punctiform and wider than their strie. The horns at the ends of the frontal lamina are much less widely separated znter se than in any speci- men before me of australis or Mastersi and are almost approx1- mate at their tips. The inequality of the front of the pronotum is also distinctive ; viewed from the side the front outline is seen (not to be evenly declivous, but) to run obliquely declivous for a certain distance, then to project forward in a subangular gibbosity and thence to descend almost vertically. In the type specimen there is a deep emargination of the frontal lamina at either end separating the lamina from the horns (as in most examples of australis and Mastersi) but this is no doubt variable. This species has been given to me by Mr. Lea. Northern N.S. Wales (Tweed R ). O. parvus, Blanch. The description given by Blanchard of this species is too brief to be of much use except supplemented by the examination of specimens obtained in the habitat of the type. I have before me a male Onthophagus (unfortunately only a single example) from the Far North of W. Australia which agrees very well with Blanchard’s description, and as I have observed that the Onthophagi of the P. Essingtoa district are largely répre- sented in N.W. Australia). I have seen very few of them from Queensland), there is every probability that the specimen in question is parvus. Raffles Bay,—the habitat of O. parvus is close to Port Essington. The following notes furnish more exact particulars than Blanchard supplied :—Long., 341. Black, the margins of the clypeus, the antenna, the palpi and legs red 287 Upper surface glabrous and very nitid. Head without any transverse carine, the clypeal suture just perceptibly elevated ; clypeus scarcely sinuate in the middle of the front, its surface somewhat strongly and closely punctulate and evidently trans- versely wrinkled; the rest of the head punctured not much differently from the clypeus but gradually less closely hindward and with smaller punctures intermingled; the eyes convex, scarcely granulate and not very uarrow; pronotum extremely finely and sparsely punctulate, without inequality except the sublateral fovee, its base with a fairly distinct pseudo-margin, the sides not sinuate in front of the middle (the right side is very slightly so, but I think this is abnormal) and only feebly sinuate behind, front angles moderately produced, hind angles scarcely defined ; elytra somewhat strongly crenulate-striate, the crenu- lations decidedly punctiform and wider than the striz, interstices decidedly convex and extremely finely punctulate (a little more distinctly towards the lateral margins); pygidium and meta- sternum strongly punctulate , claws hke those of O. Awngi, Har. The under-surface is almost glabrous, but this may be due to abrasion. A specimen in the 8. Australian Museum examined since the above note was written seems to be the female of this species. It differs from the male chiefly by its strongly cariniform clypeal suture. O. queenslandicus, sp. nov. Minus latus; supra glaber ; subtus sparsissime hirtus; subnitidus, piceus vel niger, antennis palpisque testaceis, tarsis (tibiisque plus minusve) rufescenti- bus; clypeo sat fortiter subrugulose punctulato et trans- versim rugato antice rotundato vel vix sinuato, sutura clypeali carinata, carina frontali bene definita antrorsum arcuata; capite inter carinas subgrosse (pone carinam frontalem multo magis subtiliter) punctulato; oculis con- vexis, minus angustis, vix perspicue granulatis ; prothorace quam longiori ut 18 ad 11 latiori, supra zequali (foveis sub- lateralibus exceptis), subtilius sat crebre (latera versus antice magis crebre) punctulato, lateribus ante medium haud (pone medium leviter) sinuatis, angulis anticis subacutis posticis fere nullis, basi angustissime subplanata ; elytris sat leviter (nec angustissime) crenulato-striatis, interstitiis leviter vel vix convexis, subtiliter coriaceis leviter subtilissime sparsim (latera versus paullo magis perspicue) punctulatis ; pygidio coriaceo sat crebre minus subtiliter punctulato; metasterno nitido subtiliter punctulato. Maris quam femine tibiis antieis longioribus. Long., 331; lat., 1,8, 1. The flattened narrow strip across the base of the pronotum is carcely noticeable except when looked at obliquely from behind, 288 but from that point of view is very manifest, especially in the middle. The species is very distinct from any other known to me. From those species which it most resembles superficially its strongly bicarinate head in combination with non-metallic surface separate it widely. N. Queensland (sent by the late Mr. Cowley). O. fitzroyensis, sp.nov. Mas. Sat latus; supra glaber; subtus sparsissime fulvo-hirtus; minus nitidus, subtiliter coriaceus ; piceus vel niger, leviter vel vix gnescens, tarsis palpis antennisque ferrugineis, harum clava testacea ; clypeo sat fortiter punctulato, antice rotundato ; sutura clypeali leviter carinata, capite pone clypeum sparsius subtilius punctulato et inter oculos bicornuto ; oculis sat angustis, leviter con- vexis, vix manifeste granulatis ; prothorace quam longiori ut 17 ad 11 latiori, supra crebrius subtilissime punctulato, antice a medio oblique concavo-retuso, supra partem retusam in medio vix gibbo, utrinque latus versus foveolato, lateribus ante medium haud (pone medium subfortiter) sinuatis ; angulis anticis subacutis posticis rotundato-obtusis; basi angustissime subplanata ; elytris crenulato-striatis, crenulis vix punctiformibus quam striw vix latioribus, interstitiis crebrius subobsolete punctulatis: pygidio sparsim obsolete (metasterno sparsim subtiliter, latera versus sparsim grosse) punctulato; pedibus anticis minus elongatis; tarsorum posticorum articulo apicali subtus breviter acuminato- producto, unguiculis sat magnis, fortiter curvatis. Femina (!) quam mas magis opaca, clypeo antice leviter sub- sinuato; capite pone clypeum magis crebre punctulato, inermi ; pronoto antice vix perspicue retuso, in medio etiam minus gibbo, vix perspicue punctulato ; elytris minus fortiter striatis, interstitiis planis. Long., 321.; lat., 221. The male described above and the insect described doubtfully as its female are in the 8. Australian Museum among the relics of che ill-fated Calvert exploring expedition in N.W. Australia. The two were taken at the junction of the Fitzroy and Margaret Rivers, apparently in company. I have no serzows doubt of their being one species, but it is to be noted that I know no other Australian Onthophagus in which the front of the pronotum is strongly retuse in the male and all but absolutely non-retuse in the female. The species is near O. Kingi, Har., which, inter alia, is considerably larger, is devoid of coarse puncturation on the metasternum, and has much wider eyes. O. queenslandicus is another ally, but znter alia, its head is quite strongly bicarinate. N.W. Australia. 289 O. aureo-viridanus, sp. nov. Sat latus; totus fulvo-pilosus ; nitidus ; aureo-viridis, elytris corporeque subtus obscuris, palpis tarsisque ferrugineis, antennis piceis ; clypeo crebre ruguloso, antice subemarginato ; sutura clypeali subobsoleta sed in medio ut cornu breve conicum erecto; carina frontali angulata, leviter elevata, nonnihil cuprea; capite inter clypeum et carinam frontalem sat grosse punctulato ; oculis angustis fere subfortiter granulatis ; prothorace quam longiori ut 16 ad 11 latiori supra sparsius (ad latera magis crebre) subgrosse punctulato, quali (foveis lateralibus exceptis), lateribus ante medium haud (pone medium leviter) sinuatis, angulis anticis obtusis posticis fere nullis, basi sub- tiliter elevato-marginata ; elytris fortiter striatis, striis latis confuse punctulatis, interstitiis convexis levibus (sed prope marginem lateralem fortiter) punctulatis ; pygidio metaster- noque fortiter crebrius punctulatis ; unguiculis parvis. Long., 2% 1.; lat., 12 1. I have seen four specimens of this iasect and do not observe any sexual distinctions among them except that one of them (no doubt a male) has front tibee more slender than the others. The species is not near any other Australian Onthophagus known to me except geelongensis, Blackb., from which it differs inter alra by its colour, by its clypeal suture obsolete except in the middle where it becomes a short conical horn ; and by its pronotum very evidently more coarsely and Jess closely punctulate, and edged along its base by a fine raised line which is quite well defined in the middle. South Australia. O. Macleayi, sp. nov. Minus latus; supra pilis erectis flaves scentibus sparsim vestitus ; subtus fulvo-hirtus ; subnitidus, elytris pygidioque subtiliter coriaceis ; rufo-brunneus, anten- narum clava dilutiori ; capite equali, rugulose sat grosse nec crebre punctulato, antice sat fortiter sat anguste reflexo et sat profunde emarginato ; oculis minus angustis haud perspicue granulatis; prothorace fere equali (antice vix retuso et vix bigibbo postice late longitudinaliter vix sulcato) foveis sublateralibus exceptis, sparsius subfortiter (prope angulos anticos sat grosse) punctulato, angulis anticis obtuso- rotundatis posticis sat definitis obtusis, lateribus ante medium haud (pone medium leviter) sinuatis, basi subfortiter elevato-marginata leviter trisinuata; elytris sat fortiter striatis, striis leviter punctulatis, puncturis in striis quam striz latioribus, insterstitiis convexis nonnihil cariniformibus sparsim leviter fere grosse punctulatis, puncturis in inter- stitiis piliferis ; pygidio metasternoque sat grosse punctulatis 290 (puncturis in ambobus piliferis); tibiis anticis minus elongatis, unguiculis parvis. Long., 4 1.; lat., 24 1. The type of this species (which was generously given to me by Mr. Lea) is probably a male, judged by the narrowed and quite strongly upturned front of its head. The clypeus is evenly con- tinuous with the rest of the head without any trace of a clypeal suture or carina or any change in the puncturation. Probably this species bears a general resemblance to the practically unde- scribed O. Thoreyi, Har., but as the presence of a frontal carina in both sexes is one of the few characters attributed to that species I presume that it is distinct. This insect is also somewhat like superficially to an Onthophagus from N. Australia which I have no doubt is O. latro, Har., which, however, among many other distinctions has the base of its pronotum unmargined and its eyes quite distinctly granulate. I have named it after the late Sir W. Macleay. N.S. Wales ; Sydney. O. Helmsi, sp. nov. Mas(?). Sat latus; supra glaber; subtus sparsissime fulvo-hirtus; sat nitidus; niger, tarsis palpis antennisque ferrugineis ; clypeo transversim rugato, antice leviter emarginato ; sutura clypeali fortiter carinata ; capite pone clypeum sat grosse punctulato et inter oculos obtuse bituberculato ; oculis minus angustis vix perspicue granu- latis ; prothorace quam longiori ut 18 ad 11 latiori, supra antice vix perspicue retuso (foveis sublateralibus modicis), crebre minus fortiter punctulato (parte sublaterali media levi), postice longitudinaliter vix sulcato, lateribus , ante medium haud (pone medium leviter) sinuatis, angulis anticis . fere rectis posticis obtusis, basi subtilissime (nisi in medio vix perspicue) elevato-marginata, elytris punctulato-striatis, puncturis quam strie sat latioribus, interstitiis convexis crebrius minus subtiliter punctulatis; pygidio crebre sat grosse punctulato; metasterno (media parte levi excepta) sat grosse punctulato; tibiis anticis modicis; unguiculis minus brevibus. Long. 231].; lat., 121. T am doubtful of the sex of the unique example of this species (presented to me by Mr. Lea). The two frontal tubercles and the tendency (very slight) to a retuse form on the front of the pronotum are in favour of its being a male, but the front tibize do not show any elongation likely to be sexual. It is superficially not unlike O. nitidior, Blackb., but inter alia has much wider eyes, which are scarcely perceptibly granulate. It also resembles O. Koebelei, Blackb. (which has similar eyes) but differs by inter alia its convex conspicuously punctulate elytral interstices and 291 its very much more closely punctulate pygidium which (unless the type is abraded) is non-setose. N.W. Australia (Kimberley ; Mr. Helms). O. Koebelei, sp.nov. Sat latus; supra glaber subtus fulvo-hirtus ; nitidus ; niger, clypei margine pedibusque piceis, antennis testaceis, pygidio rufo ; clypeo perbrevi, fortiter crebre punc- tulato, vix transversim rugato, antice vix sinuato, sutura clypeali sat fortiter carinata antrorsum sat fortiter arcuata, carina frontali sat fortiter elevata ; capite inter carinas sat fortiter minus crebre (pone carinam frontalem minus fortiter subsparsim) punctulato ; oculis sat convexis minus angustis, vix perspicue granulatis ; prothorace quam longiori ut 9 ad 5 latiori, supra quali (foveis sublateralibus subobsoletis ex- ceptis) subtiliter sparsim (latera versus magis fortiter vix magis crebre) punctulato, lateribus (his minus fortiter arcuatis) ante medium haud (pone medium vix) sinuatis, angulis anticis obtusis minus productis posticis late obtusis, basi media subtiliter elevato-marginata ; elytris punctulato- striatis, striis sat subtilibus, puncturis quam striz sat latiori- bus, interstitiis subplanis subtilissime (prope marginem lateralem fortiter) punctulatis; pygidio sparsim setoso, fortiter sparsius punctulato; metasterno (medio late levi excepto) grosse punctulato. lLong., 21; lat. 141. IT am doubtful of the sex of my unique specimen ; the front tibize are moderately short and stout, but it is probably a species in which the sexes do not differ much inter se. There is a little tendency to rufescence about the base and apex of the elytra which is probably not constant. The basal margin of the pronotum is an extremely fine line scarcely distinct except in the middle, but the pronotum certainly cannot be called unmargined at the base. The very feebly rounded sides of the pronotum furnish a good character. N. Queensland (Mr. Koebele). O. pontilis, sp. nov. (Mas.?) Sat latus; supra glaber ; subtus sparsim fulvo-hirtus ; nitidus ; obscure sneus, pronoto non- nihil aurato, antennis pedibusque ferrugineis, elytris (exempli typici) prope apicem testaceo-variegatis ; clypeo perbrevi, fortiter crebre punctulato, transversim rugato, antice sat fortiter emarginato, sutura clypeali sat fortiter carinata antrorsum sat fortiter arcuata, carina frontali nulla sed fronte media tuberculo magno acute conico armata; capite pone carinam clypealem fortiter sat crebre (postice minus crebre) punctulato; oculis angustis vix convexis minus sub- tiliter granulatis ; prothorace quam longiori ut 7 ad 4 latiori, supra fere equali (foveis sublateralibus et sulco obso- 292 leto longitudinali brevi postico exceptis), antice vix per- spicue retuso, subfortiter (antrorsum a basi gradatim magis subtiliter, latera versus magis grosse) punctulato, lateribus ante medium haud (pone medium vix) sinuatis, angulis anticis obtusis minus productis posticis fere nullis, basi anguste sat fortiter elevato-marginata ; elytris minus anguste crenulato-striatis, stria subsuturali profunde (ceteris leviter) impressis, interstitiis subtilissime coriaceis subplanis subfortiter (latera versus subgrosse rugulose) sat crebre punctulatis ; pygidio coriaceo leviter punctulato ; metasterno medio subtilius (latera versus sat grosse) punctulato ; tibiis anticis minus elongatis, sat latis. Long., 25 1; lat. 121. Closely allied to O. blackwoodensis, Blackb., but differing from it inter alia by its conspicuously brassy tone of colour (almost golden on the pronotum), the clypeal carina very strongly arched (its convexity forward, and causing the clypeus to be extremely short), the proaotum considerably less strongly punctulate and with its sides all but non-sinuate behind the middle, and the elytral interstices nearly flat. The forehead with a median conical tubercle (or short horn) in the male in combination with the pronotum margined on its base by a rather strong raised edging and small size will separate this species from the other described Australian Onthophagi. S. Australia ; Murray Bridge. O. Tamworthi, sp. nov. Sat latus ; supra glaber; subtus sparsim fulvo-hirtus ; minus nitidus, coriaceus; obscure viridis, tarsis antennisque ferrugineis (harum clava_ nigricanti) ; clypeo crebre sat grosse ruguloso-punctulato, antice leviter emarginato; sutura clypeali fortiter carinata fere recta ; carina frontali sat fortiter elevata antrorsum leviter arcuata ; capite inter carinas crebre sat grosse subrugulose punctulato ; oculis angustis sat planis minus subtiliter granulatis ; pro- thorace quam longiori ut 18 ad 11 latiori, supra crebre fortiter punctulato, postice longitudinaliter manifeste canali- culato, antice breviter retuso, supra partem retusam obtuse transversim carinato, utrinque prope latera foveolato, lateribus ante medium haud (pone medium manifeste) sinuatis, angulis anticis sat obtusis minus productis posticis sat rotundatis, basi vix perspicue (in medio sat manifeste) elevato - marginata; elytris subtiliter nitide crenulato- striatis, interstitiis convexis, his cum striis irregulariter minus crebre fere subgrosse sparsim (latera versus magis crebre) punctulatis; pygidio metasternoque sat grosse punc- tulatis. , Maris quam femine tibiis anticis manifeste magis elongatis. Long., 341.; lat., 21, 293 A very distinct species, recalling to mind by its general appear- ance the species referred to above under O. australis, Guér., but with the base of its pronotum very differently margined, the frontal carina of its male not elevated at the ends, the club of its antenne dark, its size much less, &c., &e. N.S. Wales (Tamworth); Mr. Lea. O. Frenchi, sp. nov. Sat latus; supra glaber; subtus sparsim fulvo-hirtus; minus nitidus, subtiliter coriaceus; seneus, nonnihil cuprascens, tarsis palpis antennisque ferrugineis (harum clava nigricanti) ; clypeo ut O. Tamworthi, Blackb., sutura clypeali (maris leviter, femine sat fortiter) carinata, carina frontali sat elevata (maris retrorsum arcuata, feminz recta); capite inter carinas ut clypeus sculpturato ; oculis ut O. Tamworth ; prothorace quam longiori ut 18 ad 11 latiori, supra crebre sat fortiter punctulato, supra equali (foveis sublateralibus et canali Jongitudinali postice minus perspicuo exceptis), lateribus ante medium haud (pone medium vix manifeste) sinuatis, angulis anticis vix obtusis leviter sub- productis posticis fere nullis, basi vix perspicue (in medio sat manifeste) elevato-marginata; elytris subtiliter nitide crenulato-striatis, interstitiis convexis subtilius sat crebre (latera versus magis fortiter) punctulatis ; pygidio metaster- noque fortiter nec crebre punctulatis. Maris quam femine tibiis anticis manifeste magis elongatis. Hons), 3 |.; lat., 1,9, 1. Not unlike the preceding but readily distinguished from it by, inter alia, its pronotum not transversely carinate. N.S. Wales (Queanbeyar); Mr. Lea. O. henleyensis, Black. The differences between this species and that which I have no doubt is jubatws, Har., are very con- siderable but do not lend themselves readily to tabulation on account of the great difference between the sexes of the latter. In henleyensis the pronotum is in both sexes very evidently coarser than in female jubatus, very much coarser than in male jubatus ; both sexes are nitid,—the male of jubatus opaque ; the pronotum is pilose in front only in the male—in jubatus in both sexes. The frontal horns in numerous examples of male henleyensis are in their greatest development short stout conical and divergent,—in the single male of jubatws examined they are long slender. and arched. On the whole the males of the two species are not much like each other, while the females bear considerable resemblance inter se. O. victoriensis, sp. nov. Sat latus; supra glaber; subtus fulvo- hirtus; subnitidus, elytris subtilissime coriaceis; niger ; -clypeo grosse crebre subrugulose punctulato, antice sat 294 fortiter emarginato utrinque subdentiformi; sutura clypeali fortiter (precipue in medio) carinata, utrinque abbreviata ; carina frontali sat fortiter elevata fere recta; capite inter carinas grosse minus crebre punctulato ; oculis sat angustis, leviter convexis, perspicue granulatis; prothorace quam longiori ut 8 ad 5 latiori, sat crebre sat grosse (antice minus. grosse) punctulato, postice longitudinaliter manifeste canali- culato, utrinque foveolato, antice vix retuso, lateribus ante medium haud (pone medium modice) sinuatis, angulis anticis. subacutis parum productis posticis fere nullis, basi sat fortiter elevato-marginata; elytris sat fortiter crenulato- striatis, crenulis latera versus subpunctiformibus, interstittis. convexis sparsim minus subtiliter punctulatis ; pygidio (hoc coriaceo) metasternoque fortiter punctulatis. Long., 241; lat., 1,5 1. IT am doubtful of the sex of my unique example of this species, which belongs to a group in which there is usually very little external difference between the sexes,—but the front tibize being decidedly broad I suspect it isafemale. Itis near O. henleyensis, Blackb.; but that species has elytra non-coriaceous and very much more rugulose, and considerably narrower eyes. Victoria; I am uncertain of the exact habitat. O. submuticus, sp.nov. Sat latus ; supra glaber; subtus sparsim fulvo-hirtus; pernitidus; niger, tarsis palpis antennisque (harum clava testacea) ferrugineis; clypeo transversim ruguloso, antice vix sinuato ; sutura clypeali integra, leviter carinata ; carina frontali nulla ; capite pone clypeum sparsim subtiliter punctulato; oculis minus angustis, leviter con- vexis, nitidis, vix perspicue granulatis ; prothorace quam longiori ut 18 ad 11 latiori, sparsim subtilissime nec obsolete punctulato, postice longitudinaliter haud canaliculato, eequali (foveolis sublateralibus exceptis), lateribus (his fortiter rotundatis) ante medium haud (pone medium minus fortiter) sinuatis, angulis anticis subacutis posticis late obtusis, basi nullo modo marginata ; elytris punctulato-striatis, puncturis quam striz multo latioribus parum profundis, interstitiis sat planis, subtilius sat crebre punctulatis ; pygidio crebre subtilius (metasterno sparsim fortiter) punctulato, Long., 3¢ 1.; lat., 23 1. Allied to O. muticus, Macl., and inermis, Macl. This species differs from the insect which I believe to be the former inter alia by its sparsely and strongly punctulate metasternum ; from that which I take to be inermis by, inter alia, its still more polished surface and its elytral interstices very conspicuously punctulate. The sides of the prothorax are much more strongly rounded than in any specimen that I have seen of either of the species just 295 mentioned. I am doubtful as to the sex of my unique example of submuticus, but as the external teeth of the front tibiz are fairly strong and the clypeal suture is distinctly carinate I deem it probably a female. N. Queensland. O. muticus, Macl. This species together with znermis, Macl., and submuticus, Blackb., form a small group closely allied inter se and without any other close allies so far as I know. Their surface is black, decidedly (or very) nitid, the pronotum without any trace of basal margin and not (or excessively finely) punc- tulate, the head without frontal carina (but slightly prominent close to the inner margin of the eyes) and with the clypeal suture non-carinate (male) or slightly carinate (female), the front tibic about the same length in the sexes but more strongly toothed externally in the female than in the male, the clypeus not (or scarcely) sinuate in front. JI am not sure that I know both sexes of any member of the group except muticus, but I do not feel any doubt of the sexes unknown to me confirming the akove information. I think I know only the male of inermis and the female of swbhmuticus, and it is perhaps just possible that submuticus may be the female of inermis, but I think it most unlikely, owing to the very much more strongly rounded sides of the prothorax in the former. In muticus the female pronotum and elytra are just perceptibly punctulate (those of the male not perceptibly) but there is no such difference as there would be in this respect between the male and female of inermis if my submuticus were the female of that species. The metasternum of the species that I identify with muticus is closely and finely punctulate. O. inermis, Macl. The only specimen I have seen that I can refer to this species is in the collection of Mr. Lea. It is evi- dently a male. It agrees with Macleay’s very brief description ; and also with his note of difference from muticus, Macl., in being ‘‘smaller, more brilliant, smoother on the thorax and more deeply striated on the elytra.” It also differs from the insect mentioned above as muticus in having the puncturation of its metasternum sparse and strong,—a character not mentioned by its author. O. Comperet, sp. nov. Sat latus; supra glaber; subtus sparsim fulvo-hirtus; minus nitidus, subtiliter coriaceus; niger, tarsis palpis antennisque (harum clava testacea) ferrugineis ; clypeo antice emarginato, sutura clypeali sat fortiter carinata; carina frontali fere nulla, capite inter oculos utringue tuberculo sat magno armato, inter carinas sub- grosse nec profunde punctato; oculis minus angustis, sat convexis, perspicue sat obsolete granulatis ; prothorace quam 296 longiori ut 18 ad 11 latiori, crebre minus subtiliter punc- tulato, postice longitudinaliter vix manifeste canaliculato, lateribus ante medium haud (pone medium leviter) sinuatis, angulis anticis subacutis posticis fere nullis, basi nullo mode marginata; elytris sat fortiter crenulato-striatis (crenulis certo adspectu punctiformibus quam striz latioribus), inter- stitiis convexis sparsius subtiliter perspicue punctulatis ; pygidio sparsim obsolete (metasterno sat grosse puncturis nonnullis minoribus intermixtis) punctulato. Maris clypeo antice fortiter emarginito utrinque subdentiformi, tuberculis frontalibus conicis, tibiis anticis nonnihil elongatis, pronoto antice plus minusve retuso. Femine clypeo antice leviter emarginato haud dentiformi, tuberculis frontalibus obvusis, tibiis anticis sat brevibus, elytris magis opacis, pronoto (foveolis lateralibus exceptis) equali. Long., 3 1,; lat., 141. I have named this species after Mr. G. Compere, of W. Aus- tralia, who is rendering very valuable service in his investigations of insect parasites. N.B.—Since writing the above description I have seen male examples in the collection of Mr. Griffith (which I hesitate to separate from this species) evidently more nitid than the type and having the frontal tubercles prolonged into considerable horns and the front of the pronotum quite strongly retuse. N. Queensland. O. sydneyensis, sp. nov. Sat latus; supra glaber; subtus sparsim fulvo-hirtus ; nitidus; niger, palpis tarsis et anten- narum basi ferrugineis; oculis angustis subfortiter granu- latis ; clypeo antice sinuato; prothorace quam longiori ut 18 ad 11 latiori, supra subtilius sat crebre punctulato, antice retuso, utrinque foveolato, lateribus ante medium haud (pone medium vix) sinuatis, angulis anticis sat obtusis pos- ticis fere nullis, basi nullo modo marginata ; elytris punc- tulato-striatis, puncturis quam striz sat latioribus, interstitiis sat planis crebrius subtilius punctulatis; pygidio crebrius subtilius (metasterno sparsim subtiliter,—pone coxas inter- medias sparsissime subfortiter) punctulatis. Maris capite fere levi inter oculos bicorni; pronoto antice fortiter retusa, obsolete punctulato; tibiis anticis paullo elongatis. Feminze clypeo sat fortiter ruguloso, sutura clypeali carinata, capite pone clypeum sparsim punctulato et bituberculato, pronoto antice brevissime retuso, tibiis anticis sat brevibus. Long., 24 1.; lat. 131. 297 Near mutatus, Har., but inter alia without the least trace of a basal margin to the pronotum; the head of the male without any elypeal carina or distinct puncturation, &c. 4 N.S. Wales; Sydney (Mr. Lea). O. Dumbrelli, sp. nov. Mas(!). Sat latus; supra’ (pygidio setoso excepto) glaber; subtus fulvo-hirtus; sat nitidus : niger, tarsis palpis antennisque (harum clava dilutiori) fer- rugineis ; clypeo transversim ruguloso-punctulato, antice vix sinuato; sutura clypeali sat fortiter carinata utringue abbreviata ; carina frontali sat elevata ; capite inter carinas subtilius nec crebre punctulato; oculis angustis sat. aspere granulatis ; prothorace quam longiori ut 18 ad 11 latiori, supra antice crebrius fortius (basin lateraque versus magis sparsim magis subtiliter) punctulato, postice Jongitudinaliter sulcato, antice perspicue retuso (parte retusa media antror- sum perspicue sat late gibbosa), foveis sublateralibus sat profundis, lateribus ante medium vix (pone medium fortius) sinuatis angulis anticis sat acutis posticis obtusis, basi haud marginata ; elytris punctulato-striatis, puncturis in striis quam strie sat latioribus, interstitiis subconvexis subtilissime coriaceis subtiliter minus, crebre (latera versus minus sub- tiliter) punctulatis ; pygidio coriaceo sparsim leviter (meta- sterno sparsim subtilius, antice subgrosse) punctulato; tibiis anticis leviter elongatis ; unguiculis sat parvis. Long., 22 1; lat., 13 1. A small inconspicuous species resembling O. Fletcheri, Blackb., and O. sydneyensis, Blackb., and differing inter alia from the former by its clypeus not emarginate in front and the testaceous club of its antenne, from the latter by its pronotum longitudin- ally suleate (except near the front) and differently punctulate. Also resembles some species of Group V. (eg. O. Helmsi, Blackb., which has the metasternum very differently sculptured, &c.). Taken at Galston by Messrs. Lea and Dumbrell; given to me by the former. N.S. Wales. O. negatorius, sp. nov. Fem. (?). Sat latus ; supra glaber ; subtus fulvo-hirtus ; sat nitidus; niger leviter gnescens, tarsis palpis antennarumque basi subferrugineis ; clypeo transver- sim ruguloso, antice emarginato ; sutura clypeali sat fortiter carinata ; carina frontali sat obsoleta arcuata et sinuata vix continua ; capite toto pone clypeum sat eequaliter sat grosse punctulato ; prothorace quam longiori fere ut 18 ad 11 latiori, supra sat equali, sat crebre minus subtiliter punc- tulato, versus latera vix foveolato sed tuberculo obtuso levi instructo, lateribus ante medium haud (pone medium sat 298 fortiter) sinuatis, angulis anticis fere rectis posticis obtusis, basi haud marginata; elytris crenulato-striatis, totis crebre inequaliter minus subtiliter punctulatis, interstitiis sub- convexis inzqualiter (subtiliter et subtilissime) coriaceis (sicut partes nonnulle magis nitide videntur); pygidio fortiter sat crebre (metasterno sparsim subtilius) punctulato ;. tibiis anticis sat brevibus; unguiculis parvis. Long., 1¢ 1.; lat., lis Ik This very small Onthophagus was given to me by Mr. Lea. From its immediate allies it differs as follows, inter alia :—From Dumbrelli, Blackb., by the dark club of its antenne; from sydneyensis, Blackb., and Fletcherr, Blackb., by the close strong puncturation of its elytral interstices. It also resembles some species of Group V. If its pronotum were margined at the base it would fall in the tabulation beside O. henleyensis, Blackb., and jubatus, Har., differing from both (female) by the very much finer puncturation of its pronotum. It has much superficial resemblance to the female of O. nitedior, Blackb., from which (disregarding the unmargined base of its pronotum) it differs by the strongly sinuous and scarcely distinct carina of its pronotum as well as by the much more close and confused puncturation of its elytral interstices, &c. The irregular puncturation and the uneven coriaceousness of its elytra give the interstices a some- what rugulose appearance,—the more nitid part seeming to be unevenly prominent. W. Australia (Donnybrook). O. Fletcheri, sp. nov. Sat latus; supra pilis subtilibus erectis vestitus ; subtus fulvo-hirtus ; nitidus (maris elytris minus nitidis, subtiliter coriaceis) ; niger, tarsis palpis et anten- narum basi ferrugineis ; clypeo antice emarginato, rugulose punctulato ; sutura clypeali sat fortiter carinata; carina frontali sat elevata, antrorsum arcuata ; capite inter carinas fortiter punctulato; oculis angustis, minus convexis, per- spicue granulatis; prothorace quam longiori ut 16 ad 11 latiori, crebre fortiter punctulato, zequali (foveolis sublaterali- bus exceptis), lateribus ante medium haud (pone medium sat perspicue) sinuatis, angulis anticis subobtusis parum pro- ductis posticis late obtusis, basi nullo modo marginata ; elytris sat fortiter punctulato-striatis, puncturis quam striz sat latioribus, interstitiis fere planis sparsim subtilius (prope latera grosse) punctulatis ; pygidio fortiter crebrius (meta- sterno sparsius grosse) punctulato. Maris clypeo antice leviter emarginato ; carina frontali antror, sum arcuata, elytris pygidioque subtiliter coriaceis, tibiis anticis sat elongatis sat angustis. 299 Feminz clypeo antice fortiter emarginato, carina frontali sat recta, elytris pygidioque haud coriaceis, tibiis anticis sat brevibus sat latis. Long., 21—31.; lat., 13,—14 1. The erect pilosity is long on the head and along the front margin of the pronotum, scarcely marked on the general surface of the pronotum, somewhat short (but very well marked) on the elytra and pygidium ; the prothorax is rather elongate as com- pared with that of most Onthophagi. N.S. Wales; Inverell (Mr. Fletcher). O. subocelliger, sp. nov. Modice latus; supra glaber ; subtus fulvo-hirtus ; minus nitidus, elytris subtiliter coriaceis ; obscure cuprascens, tarsis palpis antennisque ferrugineis (harum clava obscura); clypeo antice sat fortiter emarginato; oculis perangustis perspicue asperatim granulatis; pro- thorace quam longiori ut 17 ad 11 latiori, supra confertim subfortiter subocellatim punctulato, squali (foveolis sub- lateribus sat obsoletis exceptis), lateribus ante medium haud (pone medium leviter) sinuatis, angulis anticis sat obtusis posticis minus distinctis, basi nullo modo marginata ; elytris sat subtiliter crenulato-striatis, crenulis quam strie haud latioribus, interstitiis sat fortiter convexis obsolete subrugu- lose haud seriatim (prope latera paullo magis fortiter) punc- tulatis ; pygidio metasternoque sat grosse punctulatis, hoc in media parte fere levi, unguiculis parvis. Maris capite fere levi vel subtilissime sparsim punctulato ; carina frontali sat elevata utrinque perspicue sursum pro- ducta ; tibiis anticis modice elongatis. Femine capite sat crebre subfortiter punctulato; sutura clypeali sat fortiter carinata ; carina frontali minus elevata ; tibiis anticis sat brevibus. Long., 2 1.; lat., 141. This species is probabiy near O. ocelliger, Har., but differs from the description of that species, inter alia, by its upper surface devoid of sete (I have examined numerous specimens) and the interstices of its elytra uniformly convex. The sexual characters of the head are very variable, the frontal carina of the male being in some examples very feeble and_ scarcely elevated at its ends and one male having the clypeal suture evidently carinate. Northern Territory of 8. Australia. O. margaretensis, sp. nov. Modice latus; elytris pygidioque setis subtilibus erectis flavis sparsim vestitis ; subtus flavo- hirtus ; nitidus ; rufo-brunneus, capite postice pronotoque lete viridibus, metasterno zeneo, antennarum clava, testacea ; clypeo transversim rugato, antice sat fortiter emarginato ; sutura clypeali sat fortiter carinata; carina frontali modice elevata, recta; capite inter carinas crebrius sat fortiter 300 punctulato; oculis angustis perspicue granulatis ; prothorace quam longiori ut 18 ad 11 latiori, supra antice oblique retuso, supra partem retusam obsolete trigibbo, hac grosse punctulato, cetera parte crebrius subtiliter punctulata, lateribus ante medium haud (pone medium sat fortiter) sinuatis, angulis anticis sat obtusis posticis late obtusis, foveis lateralibus sat profundis, basi haud marginata ; elytris fortius striatis striis leviter punctulatis (puncturis quam strie latioribus), interstitiis convexis sparsim inequaliter (hic et illic sat grosse) punctulatis; pygidio et metasterni lateribus grosse punctulatis; tibiis anticis sat brevibus ; unguiculis posterioribus modicis. Long., 3 1.; lat., 121. fam not certain as to the sex of the unique example of this insect. The extremely deep coarse puncturation of the retuse part of the pronotum in strong contrast to the fine puncturation of the rest of the surface is a very unusual character. The type isin the 8. Australian Museum among the relics of the Calvert Expedition and was taken on the Margaret River. N.W. Australia. Tabulation of the characters (as indicated in their descriptions) of the Australian ONTHOPHAGI not examined by the author of this memoir, followed by notes on those species :— A. Dorsal surface pilose or setose B. Elytra unicolorous. C. Size very large (9 1.) ap ... Tupicapra, Waterh. CC. Size much smaller. D. Front of clypeus emarginate. K. Front of pronotum retuse, the retuse front topped by a transverse carina _perpilosus, Maci. EE. Front of pronotum retuse, the retuse front topped 4 a flattened protuberance ... Villosus, Macl. . EEE. Front of pronotum even : { eal ae and DD. Front of clypeus not emarginate. EK. Male with a frontal lamina and two horns on the head pe ... Thoreyi, Har. EE. Male with the frontal elevation a mere carina Sag weds Willis, Ae BB. Elytra bicolorous ... cee ... Tubicundulus, Macl. AA. Dorsal surface glabrous. B. Dorsal surface without red or testaceous markings. C. Pronotum not punctulate. D. Dorsal surface entirely black (male with two contiguous frontal horns) ... furcaticeps, Macl. DD. Head and pronotum metallic greenish Froggatti, Macl., (pronotum retuse and tuberculate in and front) e _ ay lobicollis, Macl. CC, Pronotum punctulate. D. Front of pronotum retuse. E. Dorsal surface non-metallic. 301 F. Pronotum very finely punctulate ... } esheets FF. Pronotum coarsely punctulate. G. Size large (Long , 6 1.); front of clypeus emarginate ... fissiceps, Macl. GG. Size mucn smaller (Long., 34 1.); front of clypeus not emarginate is salebrosus, Macl. EE Dorsal surface more or less metallic. F. Retuse front of pronotum quadri- tuberculate (male with a single frontal horn) Crotchi, Har. FF. Retuse front of pronotum not quadrituberculate. . Size comparatively large (Long., 44 }.) lucidicollis, Bohem. GG. Size much smaller (Long.. 23 1. ) purpureicollis, Maci. DD. Front of pronotum not retuse. EK. Dorsal surface non-metallic . parallelicorais, Macl. EE. Dorsal surface more or less metallic. F. Elytral interstices opaque .. evanidus, Har. FF. Elytral interstices notably more pitid. G. Alternate interstices of elytra convex ... planicollis, Har. GG. Interstices of elytra equal inter sé. H. Pronotum coarsely punctulate granum, Lansb. HH. Pronotum finely punctulate viridiobscurus, Blanch. BB. Dorsal surface with red or testaceous markings. C. Pronotum bicolorous | i ... rubescens, Maci. CC. Pronotum unicolorous. D. A conspicuous black fascia on the red elytra minusculus, Macl. DD. Shoulders, sides, and an n apical spot on elytra red Fabricii, Waterh. DDD. Elytra with only the shoulders red humeralis, Maced. DDDD. Obscure’ reddish spots about shoulders and apex only. E Male with a frontal lamina and horns emarginatus, Macl. EE. No strongly raised frontal promi- nence in either sex ... ... Incornutus, Macl. — N.B.—I am unable to place OQ. tabellicornis, Macl., and O. tntegriceps, Macl., even in this tabulation. O. rupicapra, Waterh. A very large species from W. Aus- tralia ; the elytra clothed with set, the male with two discon- nected frontal horns. I have seen nothing like it. O. perpilosus, Macl. A small black species from Queensland, densely pilose on the upper surface; interstices of elytra costi- form, the under surface also villose. J have not seen any species resembling it. O. incanus, Macl. A small species from far North of W. Australia ; bronzy black, coarsely punctulate and densely clothed with erect grey pubescence. Very distinct from all the species before me. 302 O. vilis, Har., a small species from Somerset (Cape York) ; the elytra clothed with yellowish pubescence, the head and pro- thorax coppery, elytra black, nitid. Certainly unknown to me. O. villosus, Macl. A small species from the far North of W. Australia, clothed above with ashy villosity, the colour black, the pronotum retuse and with a median projection in front. I have seen nothing like it. O. ocelliger, Har. A small species from Somerset (Cape York); referred to under the heading O. swbocelliger. O. rubicundulus, Macl. A very small species from Queens- land; unknown to me; seems to be near O. asper but inter alia differing by its flat elytral interstices. O. Thoreyi, Har. Quite insufficiently described ; probably near O. Macleayi, Blackb., but with sexual characters extremely different, whichever sex the type of O. Macleayi may be. O. tabellicornis, Macl. A fairly large species from N. Queens- land (Long., 55 1.). Probably a member of my Group II. but as the description gives no information concerning the puncturation of the pronotum nothing confident can be said about it. If it belongs to that group it is probably distinct from any other known species, as the front of its clypeus happens to be described and is different from that of any other species (of the group) whose author has described that part. O. lobicollis, Macl. A species of moderate size (Long., 4 !.) from Cape York. The description of the sculpture of the pronotum is to me unintelligible. However, I know no species that combines the following characters of O J/obicollis,—very nitid, black, head and thorax greenish, thorax smooth (1.e., | suppose, unpunctured) with a large and prominent tubercle in front, head of male with a lamina which (as I read the description) is both elevated and emarginate in the middle. O. Froggatti?, Macl. I cannot find any definite character in the description of this species to distinguish it from O. lobzcollis, Macl , unless it be that the front of the pronotum is bituberculate, but the description of the pronotum of the latter is so indefinite that I am not sure Sir W. Macleay does not mean to say that the front of its median tubercle is emarginate,—in which case the difference would be slight. O. furcaticeps, Mast. (furcatus, Macl.). From N. Queensland (Long., 341.). A black, nitid, species, with the pronotum un- punctured, and retuse in front with two small tubercles,—the head of the male with two contiguous horns. I have not seen any insect that can be either sex of this species. O. acuticeps, Macl. A small species from the far North of W. Australia; black ; very nitid; front of clypeus in male pointed, female rounded ; two short frontal horns (apparently in both 303 sexes) pronotum retuse in front, with four tuberosities which are in female “not noticeable” (i.e., I suppose, very feeble) ; inter- stices of elytra convex (no information as to their puncturation). No species before me seems to fit this description. O. fissiceps, Macl. This species from the far North of W. Australia must be extraordinarily like the insect that I regard as O. EHrichsoni, Hope (from Port Essington) in many respects, but as its author states that the front of its clypeus is emarginate (as well as pointed and reflexed) in the male, and that some part of the pronotum is rugulose, it is no doubt distinct. I have not seen it. O. integriceps, Macl. The description of this species is a mere enumeration of differences from O. fissiceps, so that it is difficult to gain a clear notion of its characters, but the best idea I can form of it seems to point to its being identical with the species referred to above as O. Erichsonz, Hope. The size Hope gives is Long., 441. Macleay says 61. My specimens vary from 41. to 54.1. It shouid be noted however that the puncturation of the pronotum is not mentioned by Macleay as a point of difference from /issiceps, and if it is mot different,—then integriceps is probably a good species. O. salebrosus, Macl. This species (Long., 341.) from the far North of W. Australia is black and nitid, with a non-carinate head, the clypeus rounded in front, the pronotum rugulose, retuse in front with four tubercles, the elytra tuberculate. It is no doubt a very remarkable species, which I have not seen. O. Crotchi, Har. This is a large species (Long., 641.), its exact habitat not recorded, its general colour dark brown with some parts greenish, a single elongate horn on the head of the male {the only sex described), its pronotum punctulate and in front retuse and feebly quadrituberculate. I have not seen any Onthophagus resembling it, and cannot determine its place in the genus, O. lucidicollis, Bohem. A fairly large species (Loag., 441.), reported from Sydney. I judge from the description that it must be near O. australis, from which its ‘scarcely punctulate” pronotum and dark antennal club seem to distinguish it. Its male frontal characters are those of a very feebly developed male australis. It seems also to resemble O. tweedensis, Blackb., differing by inter alia its dark antennal club and the obtuse front angles of its prothorax. O. purpureicollis, Macl. This small species from N. Queeens- land is very briefly described. | It is said to be black, nitid, with the pronotum purplish, the head with two small tubercles, the clypeus acuminate and reflexed, the pronotum finely punctulate and retuse in front, the elytra strongly striate (no information 304 about the interstices, or the clypeal suture). No specimen before me seems to fit the description. O. emarginatus, Macl. A small species from Cape York (Long., 241.), black (the head and prothorax nitid and bronzy, the elytra subopaque and indistinctly marked with reddish), the clypeus feebly emarginate, the head with a frontal lamina horned at the ends, the pronotum finely punctulate and slightly retuse in front, the elytral interstices flat. O. parallelicornis, Macl. A fairly large species (Long., 4 1.) from Cape York, black, subnitid clypeus non-emarginate, head with frontal lamina horned at each end, pronotum finely punc- tulate, non-retuse in front and devoid of tubercles, the elytral interstices wide and rugulose. O. incornutus, Macl., is from Queensland (Long., 24 1.), black, subnitid (pronotum of female said to be coppery, elytra spotted with red), front of clypeus almost truncate, general surface very finely punctulate, a feeble obtuse frontal carina in male (wanting in female), elytra with wide flat interstices (no mention of pronotum being retuse or tuberculate). O. evanidus, Har. Probably near O. Fletcheri, Blackburn, but not likely to be identical as it is not all probable that Harold would have failed to mention the presence of elytral setz ; more- over the frontal characters of the male do not agree in the two species, Fletcher? has no coppery tone of colour, and the habitat of evanidus (Tasmania) is very remote from that of Hletcherv. O. planicollis, Har. A species of moderate size (Long., 4 1.) from Cape York, black except the head and pronotum which are coppery, the head devoid of transverse carine, the pronotum coarsely punctulate and neither retuse nor tuberculate, the elytra with alternate interstices elevated and granulate - punctulate. Associated by its author with O. Kingi (? Har.), and Hrichsoni (1 Hope). By the latter name no doubt inermis, Macl., was intended, but Hrichsoni is a very different insect (see my note on O. Erichsoni, Hope). The alternate convexity of the elytral interstices is an unusual character among the Australian Onthophagi. The antenne are yellow. O. granum, Lansb, An extremely small species (Long., 14 1.) from Cape York, black, nitid (except the head and pronotum which are bronzy), the clypeus emarginate in front, the head bicarinate, the pronotum strougly punctulate and neither retuse nor tuberculate, the elytral interstices convex and unpunctured, the club dark. Said to be near O. parvus, Blanch., and O. incornutus, Macl., but the author does not say that he has seen the type of either of those species neither does it appear probable that he has done so, and therefore the statement probably means no more than that Lansberge has arrived at that 305 conclusion from his reading the very insufficient descriptions of those two. For my own part I cannot think that granwm is very near parvus otherwise than superficially, if my identification of the latter (my reasons for which will be found under the heading of parvus) be correct. It is not of much use to compare an Onthophagus with an almost undescribed insect without stating the grounds on which it has been identified, so that the correct- ness or otherwise of the determination can be estimated. O. promptus, Har. A brightly metallic species from ‘‘ Northern Australia,” of moderate size (Long., 3—321.), clypeus non- emarginate in front, head bicarinate, antenne red, pronotum neither retuse nor tuberculate, the elytral interstices subconvex, feebly but closely punctulate. I do not think I have seen it, nor can I place it in any group as the description makes no reference to the base of the pronotum. It seems to me very probably identical with O. viridiobscurus, Blanch. | O. discolor, Hope. There can hardly be a doubt I think that this is a synonym of O. viridiobscurus, Blanch. The description is shorter than that of viridiobscurus but does not indicate any definite distinctive character. The size quoted is the same. The habitat of viridiobscurus (Raffles Bay) is very near to that of discolor (Port Essington). O. viridiobscurus, Blanch. This is a species of moderate size (Long., 341.) from the Port Essington region, nitid, dark metallic green, the clypeus non-emarginate in front, head without a frontal elevation (discolor is said to have a frontal carina, probably sexual), pronotum very finely punctulate and without carina or tubercle, elytra with striz strongly punctulate and interstices evidently convex and very finely punctulate, antenne brown (in the description of discolor called yellowish). I do not know any species near enough to O. viridiobseurus to need any statement of differentiating characters,—except of course the preceding two, which are probably not distinct from it. O. rubescens, Macl. A very small species (Long., 1} 1.) from the far North of W. Australia. Apparently very near to O. cruciger, Macl. (from the same region) but somewhat differ- ently marked with blackish and having elytral interstices (not “smooth”, but) minutely punctulate. O. minusculus, Macl. From same region and of same size as the preceding. Also very near cruciger, Macl., but pronotum without lateral red blotch and the elytra more deeply punctulate- striate with interstices slightly convex and minutely punctulate. O. Fabricii, Waterh. A very small species from Queensland, closely allied to O. quadripustulatus, Fab., its pronotum more sparsely punctulate and the head between the carine distinctly punctulate. 306 O. decurio, Lansb. A comparison of the descriptions of this and of rubrimaculatus, Macl., leaves little doubt that Lansberge’s name is a mere synonym of the latter. O. patruelis, Har. The description of this species clearly indicates that the name is a synonym of O. asper, Macl. O. propinguus, Macl. This species does not seem to be dis- tinguished from O. bicornis, Macl., by any characters that indicate more than feebleness of development. I regard the name as a synonym. O. humeralis, Macl. Must be very near to O. bipustulatus, Fab, judged by the description. The type is said to be a male, and of bipustulatus I know only the female so I am unable to decide whether the two are distinct. O. Duboulayi, Waterh. I can find no definite character in the description of this species to separate it from O. jubatus, Har., of which the name seems to me a synonym. O. hostilis, Har. I have already (Pr. L.S., N.S.W., 1892, p. 283) pointed out that this is a synonym of O. Adelaide, Hope. BUPRESTID. STIGMODERA. S. tyrrhena, sp. nov. Minus lata sat convexa; sat nitida ; splendide viridis, elytris rufobrunneis, notulis viridibus (sc. margine basali; macula subhumerali ovali; fascia post- mediana omnino transversa—in sutura et utrinque dilatata, exemplorum nonnullorum utrinque interrupta; macula communi apicali elongata nonnihil subquadrata; sutura a basi fere ad medium, postice dilatata ; nonnullorum exem- plorum sutura inter fasciam postmedianam et maculam apicalem) exceptis, lateribus lete rufis; corpore subtus sparsim breviter albido-pubescenti; capite elongato inter oculos (his leviter obliquis) concavo, crebre sat fortiter punctulato; prothorace quam longiori et postice quam antice ut 8 ad 5 latiori, supra sat fortiter (apicem versus magis subtiliter et magis crebre, latera versus magis crebre) punctulato, lateribus a margine antico longe pone medium divergentibus hine ad basin fere parallelis, intra angulos posticos vix manifeste foveolato ; elytris ad basin leviter antrorsum convexis, pone medium modice dilatatis ad apicem sat fortiter bi-apiculatis, sat fortiter punctulato-striatis, striis 7* 8* que antice ad humeros abbreviatis, interstitiis subfortiter punctulatis antice minus convexis apicem versus subcostiformibus, lateribus haud crenulatis ; unguiculis in- ermibus. Long., 53 1.; lat., 22 1. Much like 8S. delectabilis, Saund., in respect of sculpture and coloring (except in the dark parts being of a brilliant green), but 307 of narrower and less flattened build and with the head consider- ably more elongate, the base of the elytra margined with green, and the basal two ventral segments much less closely punctulate at the sides. Queensland (Mr. Lea). S. subpura, sp. nov. Sat lata, minus convexa; sat nitida; violacea, capite prothorace scutelloque eneis, elytris brunneo- testaceis (basin suturaque anguste,—hac antice paullo magis late,—infuscatis), macula parva nigra transversim ovali com- muni anteapicali notatis, antennis basin versus cyaneis apicem versus aureis ; capite modice producto, sat fortiter sat crebre punctulato, inter oculos (his leviter obliquis) late profunde concavo; prothorace quam longiori (et postice quam antice) ut 12 ad 84 latiori, subgibbo, haud manifeste canali- culato, supra sat fortiter sat sparsim (antice magis crebre, latera versus crebre sat rugulose) punctulato, lateribus minus arcuatis, latitudine majori paullo pone medium sita; elytris ad basin antrorsum bisinuatim sat fortiter convexis pone medium sat fortiter dilatatis, ad apicem breviter biapiculatis processubus inter se sat approximatis sat zequalibus), striatis, striis subfortiter punctulatis, interstitiis 1°— 3° subtiliter sparsim (ceteris confertim minus subtiliter) punctulatis, interstitiis 1° 3° 5° 7° 8° que (7° 8 que -antice conjunctis) antice latis tumidis (ut S. amplipennis, Saund.), aliunde interstitiis antice minus postice magis convexis, angulis humeralibus rectis. Long., 51. lat., 2 1. Should be placed near S. amplipennis, Saund., from which it differs inter alia multa by the remarkable difference between the puncturation of the nearest three interstices to the suture and that of the other elytral interstices. N.S. Wales (in my collection ; also taken by Mr. Lea). CLERIDA. MACROTELUS. Trans. Roy. Soc., S.A., 1901, p. 25. I described a species under the name Llasmocerus picticollis. Herr. Schenkling (Deutsche Ent. Zeitsch., 1903, p. 12) has displaced the name Elasmocerus in favour of Macrotelus. There seems to be no doubt of the two names being synonyms but Lacordaire rejected the latter as a nom. proce. on account of Macrotelia having been previously used. I presume that Schenkling regards Macrotelia as a name that does not invalidate Macrotelus, in which I agree with him. I regret that I accepted Lacordaire’s conclusion with- out weighing his premises and therefore call attention to the fact that the insect referred to above should be known as Macrotelus picticollis, Blackb. 308 NATALIS. N. Leai, Blackb. In describing this species (Tr. R.S., S.A., 1899, p. 31) I referred to its agreement in non-generic charac- ters with the description of Opilo floccosus, Schenk. (published in 1898) but pointed out that as Schenkling especially mentioned his insect having the securiform maxillary palpi and bifid tarsal lamelle of an Opilo the two species must be distinct. I find, now, that Schenkling has published a note (Deutsche Ent. Zeitsch., 1903, p. 19) to the effect that he has examined more specimens of O. floccosus and observes the characters referred to above to be in reality as in Vatalis to which genus his species must therefore be transferred. This of course makes it identical with my N. Leat; and the synonymy will be as follows Natalis (Opilo) floccosus, Schenk. Leai (Natalis), Blackb. TENEBRIONID 4%. EXANGELTUS. E. gracilior, sp. nov. Opacus; nigro-piceus, antennis_ palpis pedibus et corpore subtus plus minusve rufescentibus ; anguste elongatus; sat convexus ; setis brevibus subtilibus minus crebre vestitus ; prothorace minus fortiter transverso, antice parum emarginato (quam postice sat angustiori), longitudinaliter confertim subtilius strigato, lateribus antice leviter arcuatis postice fere rectis, angulis anticis bene deter- minatis leviter obtusis posticis subacutis retrorsum directis ; elytris sat parallelis, quam prothorax sat latioribus, striis circiter 17 crebre punctulatis impressis, harum puncturis quadratis, interstitiis angustis (alternis vix prominentibus) ; corpore subtus crebre sat fortiter punctulato ; antennis sat elongatis ; oculis magnis. Long., 4 1.; lat., 12 1. Considerably smaller than H#. angustus, Blackb. It has longer and more slender antenne, the 3rd joint of which is as long as the 4th and 5th together, while the 10th and 11th together are scarcely longer than the 9th ; the head is less depressed than in E. angustus but (as in that species) the clypeus is not separated from the front by any transverse furrow or noticeable suture; the prothorax is considerably less transverse than that of #. angustus and the longitudinal wrinkling of its surface is very much finer ; on the elytra the intervals between puncture and puncture in the striz are of the same height as the interstices between the striz (except the alternate interstices which are very slightly promi- nent); the sete of the dorsal surface are much finer and less conspicuous. The tarsi are (like those of #. angustus) clothed beneath with soft close pubescence. S. Australia ; near Woodville. 309 CHRYSOMELIDA. PHYLLOCHARIS. P. melanocephala, Baly. In the Proceedings of the Austral- asian Association for the Advancement of Science, 1902, p. 402, Mr. Lea announces the occurrence in N.S. Wales of a species under the above designation. I cannot find that Baly described such an insect. Perhaps Mr. Lea refers to P. melanospila, Baly, described in the Journal of Entomology, Vol. I., p. 290. AUGOMELA. A. ignita. In the Proceedings of the Australasian Association for the Advancement of Science, 1902, p. 417, Mr. Lea has described an insect under this name, having apparently over- looked the fact that Mr. M. Jacoby had already described an Australian Augomela under the same name. It appears to me that the two descriptions are founded on the same species, although Mr. Lea’s brevity (omitting e.g. a descriptioa of the shape of the prothorax) makes it difficult to be confident. Jacoby’s type (Ann. Ent. Soc. Belg., 1898, p. 368) was from Richmond, N.S.W.,—Lea’s from Illawarra, N.S. W. PostTscRIPT. While the preceding pages have been in the printers’ hands it has occurred to me that above, in my tentative Revision of the genus Onthophagus, | have used the term “ metasternum” some- what loosely. ‘‘ Disc of the metasternum” would have been more accurate, aS in every case where the segment is mentioned it is the horizontal surface (bounded laterally by the lines of the intermediate coxeze produced hindward to the abdomen) that is referred to, and the “sides of the metasternum” mean the lateral parts of that horizontal surface. 310 ABSTRACT OF’) PROCEBDIR OF THE Roval Society of South Australia (INCORPORATED) For 1902-3. OrDINARY MeEeEtTING, NOVEMBER 4, 1902. Professor E. H. Rrenniz, D.Sc. (President), in the chair. EXHIBITS.—WaALTER HowcHin, F.G.S., on behalf of A. Fergusson, exhibited a piece of quartzite from Curramulka, Y.P., rounded and striated on one side by ice action. A. H.C. Zierz, F.L.S., showed some 23 species of fish from the Lower Murray. G.G. Mayo a few specimens of mudstones containing pebbles, from the Razorback near Hallett, which Mr. Howcuin pronounced to be of glacial origin and of the same age as the Cambrian glacial beds of the Sturt and Onkaparinga Rivers. H.T. PHiviipps and T. C. Greenway B.Sc., showed in large numbers and variety rock specimens and rock sections from Southern Yorke Peninsula to illustrate their paper. Batiot.—W. H. Baker, chemist, Glen Osmond Road, Parkside, and W. J. Vandenbergh, barrister and solicitor, Adelaide, were elected as Fellows. ParER.—“ Notes on the Geology of Southern Yorke Peninsula,” by T. C. Greenway, B.Sc., and H. T. Phillipps, communicated by W. Howcuain, F.G.S. A vote of thanks was passed to those exhibiting specimens and those giving the paper. OrpINARY Meetine, APRIL 7, 1903. Professor E. H. Renniz, D.Sc. (President), in the chair. Exuisits.—A. H. C. Zinrz, F.L.S. (Assistant-Director of the Museum), native instruments, &c., from Way College, including stone for crushing and bruising seeds, stone axe from Rivoli Bay, necklace of Dentaliwm shells from Western Australia, several pointing-sticks of hardwood stained with blood and ornamented with eagle feathers and human hair ; bone breccia from Naracoorte Caves. Mr. ZieTz also exhibited a pair of musical instruments from Central Australia, of mulga wood. Referring to the bone breccia, Mr. Howcuin said that the deposit is covered by about 311 a foot depth of stalagmitic material. J.G. O. Teppsr, F.LS., showed two cases of Australian Phasmide, illustrating his paper read before the Society in October last. He remarked these were some of the largest insects evolved and exclusively vegetable fexders. Mr. Tepper also laid on the table a fossil leaf from the Ardrossan Tertiaries. STIRLING SMEATON, B.A., mentioned that he had found a Phasmid, or stick insect, very closely resembling the leaf of a Caswarina, the tree on which the insect was captured. W. H. Baker exhibited a crab (Portwnus corrugatus), Pennant, described as far back as 1777, and interesting as having a wide distribution. The present specimen was dredged by Dr. Verco in Investigators Straits last January. W. H. Sen~way showed specimens of friable kaolinised felspathic rocks from Longwood Gully, which is being used for the manufacture of porcelain. W. Howcuin, F.G.8., placed on exhibit before the meeting a number of gypsum crystals discovered by Mr. James A. McGavisk in the sides of a creek between Glenelg and Fulham. The gypsum has formed in nests of crystals in the subfossil bed characteristic of the raised sea area between Plympton sandhills and the coast. Within geologically recent times these marshy flats were open to the sea, but in its retreat the marine forms became extinct over the area, and the land has gradually sweetened. The gypsum is most probably the result of the evaporation of sea water. Whilst the sodium chloride has been carried off by drainage, the less soluble calcium sulphate (gypsum) has crystallised out in the saturated estuarine silts, and in so doing has included numerous. shells in the crystals thus formed. These crystals have a brown colour from the earthy matter included within them, and many of those which formed in the shelly stratum, where there would be a freer circulation of water, have suffered corrosion. Mr. Howcuin also exhibited a number of rock specimens and native implements to illustrate his paper. PapeErs.—‘‘ Further Notes on the Geology of Kangaroo Island,” by W. Howcuin, F.G.S.; ‘“ Further Notes on the Australian Coleoptera,” by Rev. THos. BuackBurn, B.A. OrpINARY Mertinc, May 5, 1903. Professor E. H. Renniz, M.A., D.Sc. (President), in the chair. Exursits.—J. G. O. Tepper, F.L.S., showed a species of scale insect (Mytilaspis pomorum ) that does much mischief to the apple and is in some respects worse than the codlin moth. Mr. TEPPER also exhibited specimens of tourmaline and cairngorm from the vicinity of Antechamber Bay, Kangaroo Island. W. Howcurn, F.G.S., mentioned that a company had been formed to work this deposit, and explained the conditions under which these gems were found and their probable origin. W.G. Wootnovuag, B.Sc., 312 E.G.S., exhibited specimens of tourmaline and beryl from near Williamstown. | By-Laws.—The by-laws drawn up by the Council were agreed to, subject to certain verbal alterations suggested by the meeting. OrDINARY MEETING, JUNE 2, 1903. Wacrer Rurr, C.E. (Honorary Treasurer), in the chair. Apology from President for non attendance. Exurpits.—A. H. C. Zrerz, F.L.8. (Assistant-Director of the Museum), exhibited a bunch of Zucalyptus seed cases, and a head and some bones of the Huglish garpike ( Belone vulgaris). A peculiarity of the bones of this fish is that they are green. Mr. Zitz also exhibited some very large barnacles (Balenus sp.) from Thistle Island; a thread worm (Gordius sp.) from a cock- roach ; the skull of a rabbit, with the incisors in both jaws grown to abnormal length and curved; and a specimen of fluorite in a piece of crystalline limestone from Brighton. In reference to the green bones of the garpike, Mr. WooLtnoueH remarked that the colour may be caused by the presence of vivianite in the bones, phosphate of iron having to some extent dis- placed the phosphate of lime. This may take place either under healthy conditions or the reverse. Mr. ZietTz also laid on the table a specimen of molybdenite from N.%. Wales. Mr. Tepper stated that he had found deposits of the same mineral near Reynella and Yorke Peninsula, and Mr. StrrRLInG SMEATON had found it in the gorge of Reedy Creek, near Mannum. Mr. Wootnoues stated that molybdenite was found in large blocks at Glen Innes, in N.S. Wales, and at Moonta, in this State; that it was not of much value commercially, but was used in the manufacture of steel. J. G. O. TEPPER, F.L.S., exhibited a case of Northern Territory butterflies, pre- sented to the Museum by Mr. E. H. Hallack, and pointed out how some of the specimens were devoid of scales on the anterior wings, except where the dark markings occur, and that in some instances the males, though smaller, were more beautiful than the females. Mr. Tepper also showed a stone axe of European origin from the collection of the late Mr. Henry Marshall, and a flake with serrated edges—evidently used as a saw—from the same collection. Referring to these, Mr. WooLtnoueH said that the stone from which the axe was shaped might be diorite or aphanite, whilst the flake might be of porcelanite or chert. - Mr. TEPPER showed nests of the Thyridopterix huebneri from Mount Lofty, which presented the appearance of ragged bags: also a rare fungus on daisy leaves Puccinea distincta, McAlpine. W. G. WootnoueH, B.Sc., F.G.S., then gave a most interesting and instructive account of the ‘“ Metamorphism of Rocks.” 313 OrpinarRyY MEETING, JuLty 7, 1903. Prof. E. H. Renniz, D.Sc. (President), in the chair. Exursits.—J.G.O. Tepper, F.L.S., passed round a small phial of dark liquid which exuded from certain rocks at Montacute. When first taken it was clear and yellow in colour, and burns with a smoky flame. Other exhibits by Mr. Tepper were a bag of Thyridopteria huebneri from Mount Barker, a stick case of the moth Hntomita ignolilis—a rare neuropterous insect from Umberatana, in the moth stage; the anterior wings are narrow, whilst the posterior ones are filiform and longer than the body— and also a cotton boll-worm (Heliothis armiger). The moth of this insect flies by day, whilst the caterpillar feeds at night, and in the day buries itself in the ground. In America it does much mischief in cotton and corn crops. Mr. Samuent Drxon showed a specimen consisting of fine acicular crystals of sulphate of zinc, gathered from rock surfaces in a mine in North Queensland, where they were found some six inches in length. W. Howcurn, F.G.S., referring to a paper read by him in April last on the “Geology. of Kangaroo Island,” exhibited some specimens of bitumen and resin found on the coast by him during his late visit to the Island. The bitumen was slightly the heavier, and each of less specific gravity than seawater. In discussing the probable source of these waifs, Mr. HowcuHin suggested that the antarctic current which impinged on the Southern Coast of Australia—passing, as it does in its course, Kerguelen and other oceanic islands—may be the agent of their distribution. Seams of coal, as well as Tertiary deposits, exist on Kerguelen Island, so that these pieces of bitumen and resinous fragments so widely distributed along the southern shores of Australia may possibly come from thence. Mr. Howchin also exhibited gems obtained from Kangaroo Island during his late visit, which residents had supposed to be rutile, but were precious tourmaline of both green and pink varieties, and strongly dichroic. The gems were of good com- mercial value. The same gentleman showed a pebble from Marino Beach carrying organic remains, which Mr. Etheridge, of the Australian Museum, Sydney, believes to be a coral of ancient type— Archeocyathine — not found above the lower Cambrian system. The origin of the pebble is doubtful. Prof. EK. H. Rennie, D.Sc., in introducing the subject of Coorongite, said he wished to bring under the notice of the meeting a paper recently read before the Royal Society of Victoria by Mr. A. Cumming, who had investigated the nature of Coorongite by chemical analysis. Jackson had also made some observations on this substance, which had been published in the Pharmaceutical Journal for 1872. Mr. Cumming first treated the Coorongite with bisulphide of carbon. Neglecting the ash, he found about 314 one-third dissolved out, and after evaporation of the carbon bisulphide a soft yellow substance remained, The part that remained undissolved in the carbon bisulphide consisted of a brittle dark coloured mass. Neither of these substances were hydrocarbons ; both contained oxygen, and were represented by the formule—the first C,,H,,O, the latter C,,H.,O; and the former by oxidation readily passed into a substance similar to. the latter. These formule suggest a connection with vegetable substances of the turpentine and caoutchouc series, and so far as this goes tend to indicate a vegetable rather than a mineral origin. In other words, they do not suggest any connection with petroleum. Paper.—‘‘An Analysis of the Ash of the Acacia salicina,” by A.J. Hieein. ORDINARY Meetinc, Aucust 4, 1903. Prof. E. H, Renniz, D.Sc. (President), in the chair. Exuisits.—J. G. O. Tepper, F.L.8., a sprig of sugar gum (Lucalyptus corynocalyx), rendered sickly by a scale insect, proba- bly Eriococcus paradoxus, causing a branchlet of juvenile leaves to grow. A black substance on the leaves, it was pointed out, was a fungus growth on the sugary secretion of the coccus. A case of handsome butterflies and beetles from Queens- land, presented to the Museum by Mr. Sam. Dixon, was also shown. W. Howcuin, F.G.S8., referring to that part of his paper read before this Society in April last, on the evidence of occupation of Kangaroo Island by an aboriginal population, exhibited three “native hammers,” stones showing signs of use, which had been collected by Mr. 8. Buck near the N.E. extremity of the Island. The same gentleman also forwarded two round, smooth stones, known as “seal bullets,” or stomach stones of the seal. A. H. C. Zierz, F.L.S., some cocoon-like limestones of concretionary origin from Streaky Bay. These stones were open at- one end, smooth inside, and slightly rough outside, but whether they are the work of animals or not is not known. Paprer.—“ Note on Supposed Volcanic Dust from Northern Territory,” by Prof. E. H. Renniz, D.Sc., A. J. Hieern, and W. G. WootnouaH, B.Sc., F.G.S. J. S. Luoyp made some interesting remarks on the proposed Trans-Canadian Railway, which it is proposed to construct across. the Dominion. ORDINARY MEETING, SEPTEMBER 8, 1903. Prof. E. H. Renniz, D.Sc. (President), in the chair. A letter bearing date 20th June, 1903, was read from Messrs. Henderson & Hayward, solicitors, reporting that the Incorpora- tion of the Royal Society of South Australia had been effected, 315 and that the Certificate of Incorporation had been deposited in the General Registry Office, as required by the Associations Incorporation Act, 1890. It was further stated that the Rules on parchment had been filed, and also a memorial of George Gibbes Mayo’s appointment to the office of sealholder, in his capacity as Secretary. The Society has therefore now the right to use the word “ Incorporated” as part of its title. : £W. Howcuarn, F.G.S., referring to bituminous substances being found from time to time on the southern shores of Australia, and to the suggestion put forward by him as to its probable source being Kerguelen Island, read a cutting from a newspaper which seemed to give some support to this idea. It stated that a bottle thrown into the sea by Capt Ord in lat. 46° S., long. 92° 20’ E., which is between Kerguelen Island and the mainland, had been picked up on the coast of New Zealand, showing an easternly drift. Papers.—‘ Notes on Loranthus exocarpi,” by Cunas. F. JOHNCOCK ; “ Description of New Species of Tertiary Corals,” Part VI., by Jonun Dennant, F.G.S.; ‘“ Description of New Australian Yysmatodoma,” by Oswatp Lower, F.ES., Lond.; “Notes on the Petrography of the Olary District,” by W. G. WootnouGH, B.Sc., F.G.S. ANNUAL MEETING, OcToBER 27, 1903. Prof. E. H. Renniz, D.Sc. (President), in the chair. Exuisits —-W. J. VANDENBERGH exhibited some interesting photographs taken during his recent visit to the Northern Terri- tory ; also several specimens of cotton and kapoc, and various kinds of arrowroots, as products of the district. J. G. O. TEPpEr, F.L.S., showed a peculiar cricket (Cylindrodes Campbelli) and a case of Australian crickets. Epwin Asusy placed on exhibit a skin of the Rifle bird (Ptilorhis paradisea) from Queensland. The annual report and balance-sheet were read and adopted. ELECTION oF OFFicers.—President, Joseph C. Verco, M.D., @oR:C'S.; Vice-Presidents, Prof. H.. H. Rennie, M-A., DSc. Rev: Thos. Blackburn, B.A.; Honorary Treasurer, Walter Rutt, ©.E. Two members of Council to fill the places of those retiring —Walter Howchin, F.G.S., and Edwin Ashby. The newly-elected President having taken the chair, Prof. Renniz, the retiring President, gave his address on “The Fisheries of Australia.” k ‘Mr. Howcuin moved that the thanks of the meeting be given to Prof. Rennie for his exceedingly interesting and opportune address, and that it be printed in the Transactions of the Society. This motion having been seconded by the Rev. T. Buacksury, B.A., was passed. 316 ANNUAL REPORT. The Council calls the attention of members to the incor- poration of the Society which has been effected in its jubilee year, and desires to review briefly the past history of the Society. In the year 1853 a few gentlemen met in Adelaide for the purpose of forming themselves into “The Adelaide Philosophi- cal Society.” The most prominent of these was the late Mr. John Howard Clark, who was subsequently so well known as one of the proprietors and editors of the “South Australian Register.” During the next twenty years or so each Governor of the province became, in turn, President of the Society, whilst many of the leading citizens of Adelaide were enrolled in its membership, including many well remembered. professional men. In the first year of its) existence the Society adopted a code of laws, the first of which set out its aims as follows:—“‘The Society shall be called the Adelaide Philosophical Society, and shall have for its object the discussion of all subjects connected with science, literature, and art.’’ This programme was fairly adhered to, but it is noticeable that the general tendency of the papers was distinctly scientific, or of a prac- tical and industrial nature. In 1876 the late Professor Ralph Tate, F.G.S., who had recently arrived in Adelaide to take the Chair of Natural Science in the infant University, joined the Society, and the next year was elected President. This office he retained for two sessions, and in subsequent years frequently occupied the| same honorable position. From this time, too, the Governor of the State accepted the office of Patron. With the advent of Professor Tate the whole work and objects of the Society were ex- tended. The rules drawn up in 1878 show this, No. 2 read- ing thus: —‘The objects of the Society are the diffusion and advancement of the arts and sciences by the meeting to- gether of members for the reading and discussion of papers: connected with the above subjects and by other approved means.’ In 1879 permission was obtained for the Society to assume the title of “Royal,” and henceforth to be known as ““The Royal Society of South Australia.” New rules were adopted, and the work of the Society and the aims of its mem- 317 bers were more and more animated and inspired by the genius and work of Professor Tate, who for twenty years, until his death, largely contributed by his paleontological work and scientific papers to place this Society in the honorable posi- tion it now occupies in the scientific world. The papers submitted to the Society during the year give evidence of much valuable work having been done in original observations. The Rev. Thos. Blackburn, B.A., whose zealous labors in determination of Australian coleoptera have en- riched the Transactions of the Society for a number of years, has been again an important contributor. In the same de- partment of research, Mr. Arthur M. Lea has submitted Part If. of his “Descriptions of Australian Curculionide.”’ Dr. A. Jefferis Turner and Mr. Oswald B. Lower have, respec- tively, still further extended their observations on the Aus tralian Lepidoptera, which are embodied in lengthy papers. Mr. John Dennant, F.G.S., has contributed another valuable paper in elucidation of the “Tertiary Corals of Australia.” Mr. W. Howchin, F.G.8S., in “Further Notes on the Geology of Kangaroo Island,’ has dealt with the evidences of extinct glacial action on the eastern side of Kangaroo Island, and cther geological and ethnological facts connected with the island. Mr. W. G. Woolnough, B.Sc., F.G.S., has, during the session, submitted some interesting “Notes on the Petrology of the Olary District,’ whilst other papers con- rected with physical science and industrial subjects have been contributed by Professor E. H. Rennie, D.Sc. and Mr. Higgin, and Mr. Chas. F. Johncock has given some additional cbservations on the distribution of Loranthus exocarpi. The Council has accepted several other papers which will be placed before the Society in due course. The microscopical section has been revived with Mr. D. Fleming as chairman, and some 30 members. The Council would remind the members that the Research and Endowment Fund which it is hoped will follow upon the recent incorporation of the Society, will open out wider fields of usefulness for the Society than have hitherto been possible. This desirable movement is largely due to the initiative and energy of Mr. Samuel Dixon. During the year now closing only two Fellows have been added to our number. The membership comprises 11 Honorary Fellows, 69 Fellows, 7 corresponding members, and two associates. ‘qomnsvoly, “LLAUY YALTVM ee — ee L 8 oles N MOoomwwd © on — 0 OO ry 0 &g 0 LI 961 06L ‘T HPaESED ‘yueg ssuIARg Ul coURTeY ,, eat ‘ sonbeyD uo osuvyoxy ,, tes ves ves ‘+ SaIstOApY 5; ‘om ‘ArOUOTYeIG ‘eseqsog ‘Suu ,, JOYLIOILH—SOSeAA ,, sa[ny MON pue uorjesodsoouy ,, 0 &1 2 a ‘ sotapung 0 OL 4 okt ueleiqry jo Areyeg —Kaerqyy 5, TO1}09G S}SIPCANJEN P[OL|—ptle-ul-queryy ,, yr GI 8 BSarysipquq 0 ¢ FP “. Suuud —SIIOWDIN 4, ¢ al Ol a Fuysiqud BL BL ae BUI} 81ST T=Z1- 991 sung —suorjoesuery, Aq See i @) "E061 ‘1940900 48] ‘oprefepy VOV Td GAOT +8 “£ 4091100 PUNOF py pages hs sr ZL85 6 8 G gsooquy ,, @ zt ze ves * quBd4y) JUOUIMIOAOY ,, 22 OL ES = Soares, 0 OL FI UOTZOOY SIS]CINGEN PLP 9 0 69 Ayoto0g pehoy —saorqdiszosqng ,, T £ 1& ey a — vs eouneg Of ‘BO6L “9ST 19q0990 ay F p 8 & “a (CHLVYOdUOOND VIIVULSAV HLNOS JO ALMIOOS IVAOU AHL HLM ENQOOOV NI YAUNSVadL WAAL 319 PRES CDE NT’S ADDRESS. By Proressor E. H. Renniz, M.A., D.Sc. SuBsJEcT—'‘ THE FISHERIES ok AUSTRALIA.” In an address which I delivered before this Society two years ago I referred briefly to Australian fisheries, their pre- servation, and replenishment. Since then considerable atten- tion has been drawn to the question in the S.A. “Register,” and some interest has been aroused; but the great importance of the subject is yet but imperfectly realised, or, at least, there is still a great deal of apathy on the part of the public. It ig in the hope of enlisting your interest and sympathy, and possibly of inducing the Society as a whole to take an active part in supporting measures now before Parliament, that I venture to deal at some length with the fisheries question. I cannot claim originality in regard to the matter included in this address, nor can I pose as an expert. JI am well aware, too, that the arguments and suggestions which I am about to lay before you have, for the most part, been already urged in the press, and in a report by Mr. T. Duffield, Chief In- spector of Fisheries in this State; but, nevertheless, the im- portance of tne question is, In my opinion, so great that I ask for your sympathy while I once more bring it under your notice. It is amatter of common remark among amateur fishermen that it is much more difficult to secure good fishing than it was 20 years ago. In some places, such as Sydney Harbor, for example, where, say 30 years ago, good fishing was easily obtained, it is easy enough to account for the change, the pollution of the water by the refuse, and till quite lately by a considerable portion of the sewage of the city, being of itself quite sufficient cause, to say nothing of the constant distur- bance due to the large amount of steam traffic on the water. But such local causes can hardly account for the fact that in the ocean outside, schnapper, for instance, are becoming much scarcer, and fishing parties are obliged to go much longer distances. north or south to secure any number of fish. The same thing is happening, so far as I can gather, all along the inhabited portions of the Australian coast. It is a matter of common knowledge that, whereas schnapper could easily be obtained in numbers close to Port Victor, and even so close at hand as in the Port River, they are now comparatively 320 scarce. Even on the fishing grounds between Port Victor and Kangaroo Island, and in the vicinity of the latter, fish in any quantity are obtained with increasing difficulty. These statements apply not only to schnapper, but to many other kinds of fish, the sweep, for instance. Ten years ago it was easy anywhere two or three miles along the coast west from Port Victor, on a suitable day, to secure good bags of this valuable fish; now this happens only occasionally, and the fish are smaller. I have noticed also that other varieties of fish which haunt the rocks and which were occasionally caught by rod and line, are now rarely secured at all. Even the mullet, though they are still caught in large numbers, are gradually becoming less plentiful, and the fishermen on the south coast complain more and more of the uncertainty of securing good hauls in the season. It is not easy at first sight to account for this falling off, considering the great stretch of ocean on the east, south, and west of us, especially when it is remembered that fishing on a large scale, if it can be called a large scale, has only been going on for about 50 or 60 years, and in many places, on our south coast, for example, for much less than that. If we examine a particular case, say that of the sweep already mentioned, we find that it is a fish taken entirely by line, and, generally speaking, in very calm weather only, so that there is no rapid destruction from any ordinary cause. In the neighborhood of Port Victor there is practically no pollution of the water, no disturbance by ocean traffic, and as we have seen there can be no whole- sale destruction of the fish by man. Large numbers of the young fish still haunt the coast, and they are found in almost every rock hole which is washed by the ocean. Why, then, should there be such a falling off? Does this fish take so long to reach maturity that the catching of the larger ones in a particular locality leaves a gap which years of protection will be necessary to fill up? Is their food supply running short? Are they being prevented in any way from gaining access to their proper spawning grounds? Is the balance of life being disturbed in such a way as to involve the destruc- tion of large numbers of the young fry? Or are all these causes contributing to the result? One would naturally sup- pose that some disturbance of the balance of life is the most © probable cause, but such disturbances, though generally easily followed on land, are by no means so easily traced among marine animals.