MAR 1 01930 A***^ TRANSACTIONS OF THE San Diego Society of Natural History volume v Printed from the W. W. Whitney Publication Endowment SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA Printed for the Society 1927-1929 1k COMMITTEE ON PUBLICATION U. S. Grant, IV, Chairman Fred Baker Clinton G. Abbott, Editor CONTENTS OF VOLUME V Title-page i Committee on Publication ii Contents iii-iv 1 . A Discussion of the Zonal Status of the Sierra San Pedro Martir, Lower California, Mexico, With Descriptions of a New Kanga- roo Rat and a New Woodpecker from that Region. By Laurence M. Huey. Published February 20, 1927 1-10 Plate 1. 2. Birds Recorded in Spring at San Felipe, Northeastern Lower Cali- fornia, Mexico, With the Description of a New Woodpecker from that Locality. By Laurence M. Huey. Published July 14, 1927 1 1-40 Plates 2,3. 3. Two New Geometridae from San Diego County, California. By William S. Wright. Published March 15, 1927 41-44 4. Foraminifera from the Eocene near San Diego, California. By Joseph A. Cushman and Marcus A. Hanna. Published March 15, 1927 45-64 Plates 4-6. 5. A New Kangaroo Rat and a New Brush Rabbit from Lower Cali- fornia, Mexico. By Laurence M. Huey. Published July 6, 1927 65-68 6. Late Tertiary and Quaternary Elphidiums of the West Coast of North America. By Joseph A. Cushman and U. S. Grant, IV. Published July 28, 1927 69-82 Plates 7,8. 7. A New Louisiana Heron and a New Round-tailed Ground Squirrel from Lower California, Mexico. By Laurence M. Huey. Pub- lished October 10, 1927 83-86 8. A New Silky Pocket Mouse and a New Pocket Gopher from Lower California, Mexico. By Laurence M. Huey. Published January 18, 1928 87-90 9. West Coast Species of Hinnites. By Hoyt Rodney Gale. Pub- lished February 29, 1928 91-94 10. Notes on the Vaqueros and Temblor Formations of the California Miocene With Descriptions of New Species. By Lionel William Wiedey. Published March 31, 1928 95-182 Plates 9-21. iv San Diego Society of Natural History 11. The Trimorphodon (Lyre Snake) of California, With Notes on the Species of the Adjacent Areas. By Laurence M. Klauber. Published April 28, 1928 183-194 Plates 22,23. 12. A New Echinoid from the California Eocene. By Hubert G. Schenck. Published April 28, 1928 195-202 Plate 24. 13. A New Fox from the Cape Region of Lower California, Mexico. By Laurence M. Huey. Published September 1, 1928 203-210 Plates 25,26. 14. Discocyclina in California. By Hubert G. Schenck. Published February 27, 1929 211-240 Plates 27-30. 15. A New Pocket Gopher and a New Antelope Ground Squirrel from Lower California, Mexico. By Laurence M. Huey. Pub- lished February 27, 1929 241-244 16. Notes on the Marine Pleistocene Deposits of San Diego County, California. By Frank Stephens. Published August 5, 1929 245-256 17. A New Miocene Echinoid from California. By Hubert Lyman Clark. Published August 5, 1929 257-262 Plate 31. 18. Loliolopsis Chiroctes, a New Genus and Species of Squid from the Gulf of California. By S. Stillman Berry. Published August 5, 1929 263-282 Plates 32,33. 19. A New Pacific Race of Gull-billed Tern. By Grimng Bancroft. Published December 10, 1929 283-286 20. Fossil Diatoms Dredged from Bering Sea. By G. Dallas Hanna. Published December 31, 1929 287-296 Plate 34. Index 297-310 JUL 18 1927 TRANSACTIONS OF THH SAN DIEGO SOCIETY OF NATURAL HISTORY Volume V, No. 1, pp. 1-10, plate 1 A DISCUSSION OF THE ZONAL STATUS OF THE SIERRA SAN PEDRO MARTIR, LOWER CALL FORNIA, MEXICO, WITH DESCRIPTIONS OF A NEW KANGAROO RAT AND A NEW WOODPECKER FROM THAT REGION BY LAURENCE M. HUEY SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA Printed for the Society February 20, 1927 TRANSACTIONS or Tin SAN DIEGO SOCIETY OF NATURAL HISTORY Voi.umh V, No. 1, pp. 1-10, plate 1 A DISCUSSION OF THE ZONAL STATUS OF THE SIERRA ^AN PEDRO MARTIR, LOWER CALI- FORNIA, MEXICO, WITH DESCRIPTIONS OF A NEW KANGAROO RAT AND A NEW WOODPECKER FROM THAT REGION BY LAURENCE M. HUEY SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA Printed for the Society February 20, 1927 COMMITTEE ON PUBLICATION U. S. Grant, IV, Chairman Fred Baker Clinton G. Abbott, Editor A DISCUSSION OF THE ZONAL STATUS OF THE SIERRA SAN PEDRO MARTIR, LOWER CALI- FORNIA, MEXICO, WITH DESCRIPTIONS OF A NEW KANGAROO RAT AND A NEW WOODPECKER FROM THAT REGION BY Laurence M. Huey Field work for the San Diego Society of Natural History, con- ducted in Lower California in cooperation with the Mexican Govern- ment, has recently carried the writer twice into the Sierra San Pedro Martir — the first time in June, 1923, and the second time in Septem- ber, 1926. It is in this range that the mountain backbone of the penin- sula reaches its highest elevation, culminating in a peak, over 10,000 feet in height, which is situated about 125 miles south of the interna- tional border. This peak seems to have various names, the commonest being La Providencia or La Encantada, according to whether it is viewed from the Gulf side or the Pacific side, respectively. In addition to work in the Sierra San Pedro Martir, the writer has made several trips into the Sierra Juarez — which is the name usually given to that part of the main mountain chain directly to the north of the Sierra San Pedro Martir — and along the eastern and western sides of the penin- sula, paralleling the Sierra. As a result, he is familiar with the phys- ical features of the Sierra San Pedro Martir and has been able to form some opinions as to their zonal and ecological position. The summit of the range is a broken, rocky plateau, not over 20 miles wide at any point. At the northern end it reaches an altitude of some 8,000 feet within a few miles of San Matias Pass, which separates the Sierra San Pedro Martir from the Sierra Juarez. With the excep- tion of the higher elevations of occasional jutting peaks, there is a gradual descent toward the south, until, about 70 miles from the north end, the mountains merge into rolling hills. The higher parts of the range are forested mainly with Jeffrey Yellow Pine (Pinus ponder osa jeffreyi). A dense belt of chaparral, consisting chiefly of Redshank ( Adenostoma sparsifolhim) and several species of Manzanita, clothes the western face of the range and reaches 4 San Diego Society of Natural History to the edge of the pine-clad plateau. It is broken only by occasional canyons that run mainly in a westerly direction and carry either running or subterranean flows of water. These canyon streams have the effect both of drawing down the yellow pine growth from the plateau above and of bringing up the live oaks from the valleys that border the west- ern slopes of the Sierra. No better example could be found of the influ- ence of flowing cold water in carrying the flora of a higher zone down a mountainside to a point far below the normal growth. However, this situation may be observed on nearly every mountain range that a biol- ogist cares to study. In the Sierra San Pedro Martir it is the summit, or rocky, pine-covered plateau, that provides the most complex features. Further to the northward, in the Sierra Nevada and elsewhere in California, where the mountains reach an elevation of 7,000 feet or higher, definable zonal conditions exist and the student can easily locate himself zonally. Such is not the case in the Sierra San Pedro Martir of Lower California. Here, in pine forests fringing grassy meadows, we find conditions which indicate the Transition zone — Arid Transi- tion, to be more exact, in spite of an altitude range between 6,500 and 8,000 feet. This elevation might be expected to present Canadian zone conditions, and that Nature has attempted to establish plant species of that zone is shown by a generous growth of Aspen (Populus tremu- loides) along the streams, and a limited, sparse stand of Lodgepole Pine ( Pinus contorta var. Murrayana) on the northern, higher end of the range. As with the plants, so with the bird and mammal fauna, the usual conditions are somewhat upset. For instance, the Chickaree (Scinrus douglasii subsp.), in California a mammal definitely of the Canadian zone, is in the Sierra San Pedro Martir found in the pine forests of an Arid Transition zone; and it is the only Canadian zone mammal in these mountains. A matter of additional interest is the fact that there is a very wide gap in the range of the Chickaree, the nearest appearance of the animal, in a closely related form, being some 300 miles to the north in the Mount Whitney region of the Sierra Nevada. This is in spite of several intervening ranges of mountains that apparently possess conditions suited to its needs. According to Frank Stephens ("California Mammals," San Diego, 1906), Prof. Gabb reported the Cony (Ochotona), from northern Lower California "many years ago." This is an animal which, ordi- narily, inhabits mountain "rock slides" and, inasmuch as there are no Huey — Zonal Status of Sierra San Pedro Martin 5 subsequent records of the Cony from Lower California and as both the character of the rocks and the food conditions in the mountains of northern Lower California would seem to preclude its occurrence, there can be little question that the report was erroneous. Turning to the avian population, we find that, amid conditions seemingly propitious for their presence, certain birds are strangely miss- ing from the forests of the Sierra San Pedro Martir. Thrushes (Hylo- cichla), Sapsuckers (Sphyrapicus) and the Blue-fronted Jay (Cyan- ocitta s teller i frontalis) are absent during the nesting season — at least we did not find them. Yet the two former no doubt occur in fall, as the writer has taken specimens of each in the adjacent, pine-clad range of the Sierra Juarez, immediately north of the Sierra San Pedro Martir. In the absence of certain birds usually found in the Transition zone, species from other life zones fill the gap, so to speak. Thus Pin- yon Jays (Cyanocephalus cyanocephalus) occur among the yellow pines in the higher elevations of the Sierra San Pedro Martir and, in roving bands, search the forests daily for food. One would hardly expect to find Valley Quail (Lophortyx calif ornica plumbed) nesting in an open pine forest, yet these birds occur abundantly on the same grounds in these high altitudes as their cousins, the Mountain Quail (Oreortyx picta confinis). California Condors (Gymnogyps californianus), too, find subsistence in the open meadows, when cattle chance to die. All three of these birds are ordinarily associated with the Upper Sonoran zone, but under the peculiar conditions of the Sierra San Pedro Martir are found in the zone "above." In fact, the influence of the range seems to be to "shove up" the lower, warmer zones, rather than to establish the colder ones, and with this influence naturally come the corresponding forms of life. A marked example of this effect is the presence of Kangaroo Rats (Dipodomys) — hitherto regarded as indica- tors of zones from the Upper Sonoran downward — among the pines, at an altitude of over 7,000 feet. Reviewing these facts and seeking the cause, we may find a partial answer by analyzing the contiguous territory to the east and west. The Sierra San Pedro Martir are bounded on the east by an arid, sun- scorched desert. The descent, from heights of 8,000 feet to foothills of less than 2,000 feet, is exceedingly abrupt, in places being an almost sheer escarpment. Further eastward, only a few miles, the Sierra are paralleled by the warm, semi-tropical waters of the Gulf of California. To the westward the descent in altitude is more gradual and takes 6 San Diego Society of Natural History the form of a rolling canyon-filled slope, which extends practically ail the way to the cool Pacific Ocean — a distance of approximately 35 miles, air line, from the summit. This sloping area is, for the most part, of a semi-desert character, and although the prevailing wind is from the west, there are times of the year when, during the heat of the day, the temperature rivals that on the desert east of the Sierra. At night, however, the nearby Pacific Ocean provides greater relief than does the warm water of the Gulf upon the desert to the east. With heated areas to both the east and west, it may readily be seen that the arid influence upon the Sierra San Pedro Martir is car- ried to a far greater elevation than it would be if that influence came from one side only. The narrowness of the range, too, contributes to the effectiveness of the arid influence. Were the summit plateau twice the width that it is, this influence would be considerably offset. Also, a different condition would prevail if the western slopes were much longer and timbered, as are those of the Sierra Nevada in California. Still another feature bearing directly upon the life of the Sierra San Pedro Martir is the character of the soil. The soil of almost the entire range is decomposed granite, a type subject to rapid erosion and capable of but little fertility. Its limited water-storing capacity pre- cludes the production of an abundant plant life. The growth of pines is therefore sparse and the condition of aridity magnified. Data in regard to the average rainfall in these mountains is not available, nor, so far as the writer knows, have any ever been gathered. Information gleaned from residents was simply to the effect that periodic summer rains fall annually during July and August and that, in winter, snow occurs regularly, sometimes to the depth of four feet in the high alti- tudes. It may be of passing interest to note the direct bearing which this range has on territory to the eastward; for the hot, moisture-laden atmosphere rising from the Gulf side is converted, when it strikes the cool, westerly breezes of the Pacific, into rain clouds that are conveyed to parts of the desert regions on the east. In further reference to the life of the mountains, a fact which seems evident is that the biological invasion has all been from the north. At least, so far as birds and mammals are concerned, the rela- tionships are in that direction. Once isolated in the Sierra San Pedro Martir, it is striking to observe the effect upon the invading species, for a large proportion of the resident breeders show some variation from their counterparts in regions farther northward. The causative factors Huey — Zonal Status of Sii-rra San Phdro Martir have doubtless been the limited area of the region and the consequently limited population, plus the direct influence of the desert, as explained above. In localities to the north, where a broad range of territory and a much greater population exist, and where the arid influence is absent, the same species show little or no plasticity. By way of summary, it can be said that the life of the Sierra San Pedro Martir in Lower California has been strongly affected by the geographical position of these mountains between two areas of varying desert character and between two not distant bodies of water of large expanse, each having a different temperature. The influences thus created, in addition to the naturally barren soil of the region, tend to replace the effects of altitude with the effects of aridity. Certain forms of birds and mammals are thus sustained, and certain forms eliminated. Finally, a small, isolated mountain area, just as an island, develops biological variation in species more rapidly than do areas of greater extent. A NEW KANGAROO RAT FROM THE SIERRA SAN PEDRO MARTIR, LOWER CALIFORNIA. The writer has known since June, 1923, that an undescribed form of Dipodomys occurred on the summit of the Sierra San Pedro Martir, Lower California, Mexico, as a specimen taken at that time showed characters that were divergent from those of specimens taken to the northward, near the International Boundary, and coastwise, toward the Pacific Ocean. It was not, however, until more than three years later that an opportunity was available to return to these mountains, when a small series of the animals was obtained. The characters are so obvi- ously different from those of other known forms of Dipodomys that I hereby describe the race as: Dipodomys agilis martirensis, subsp. no v. Sierra Kangaroo Rat Type. — From La Grulla, (east side of valley), Sierra San Pedro Martir, Lower California, Mexico, altitude 7,500 feet; No. 5762, Col- lection of the San Diego Society of Natural History; adult male; col- lected in the sage association (Salvia carnosa Dougl. var. compact a Hall) by Laurence M. Huey, September 28, 1926. 8 San Diego Society of Natural History Color. — As compared with D. a. latimaxillaris, from Santo Do- mingo, Lower California, the ground color of pale pinkish cinnamon (Ridgway, 1912) is slightly lighter, and, as compared with D. a. cabezonae, from San Gorgonio Pass, Riverside County, California, it is much darker. Cranial Characters. — Entire skull smaller than that of either D. a. cabezonae or D. a. latimaxillaris; zygomatic arches lighter-boned; brain case narrower and more angular than that of either D. a. cabezonae or D. a. latimaxillaris. Comparisons. — Externally D. a. martirensis is much smaller than D. a. cabezonae and is more comparable in size to D. a. latimaxillaris, but it has a larger, rounder ear than either cabezonae or latimaxillaris. This character is quite obvious, even in the field. Measurements. — Type: Total length, 270; tail vertebrae, 160; hind foot, 42; ear, 12. Averages and extremes of five adults, including type: Total length, 269.0 (263-275) ; tail, 159.6 (156-162) ; hind foot, 41.4 (40-42) ; ear, 12.6 (12-14). Skull (type) : Greatest length, 38.9; breadth across bullae, 23.9; spread of maxillary arches, 20.0; nasals, 13.3; width of rostrum near end, 3.4; width of maxillary arch near middle, 4.7. Specimens examined. — Dipodomys agilis latimaxillaris : 20 from Santo Domingo, Lower California (the type locality) ; Dipodomys agilis cabezonae: 10 from Cabazon, California (the type locality); Dipodomys agilis martirensis : 5 from the type locality. A NEW WOODPECKER FROM THE MOUNTAINS OF NORTHERN LOWER CALIFORNIA The assemblage of a series of Dryobales villosus taken in the prin- cipal ranges from the San Bernardino Mountains of Southern California southward to the Sierra San Pedro Martir in northern Lower Cali- fornia, Mexico, shows such a general diminution in size toward the south , that the birds from northern Lower California seem worthy of a name and may be known as: 1 Oberholser calls attention to the fact that there is a diminution in size, in his "Revision of the Hairy Woodpeckers," Proc. U.S. Nat. Museum, Vol. 40, 191 1, page 61 1. Huey — Zonal Status of Sif.rra San Pedro Martir 9 Dryobates villosus scrippsae, suhsp. no v. Lower California Hairy Woodpecker Type. — From La Grulla, Sierra San Pedro Martir, Lower Califor- nia, Mexico, altitude 7500 feet; No. 10847, Collection of the San Diego Society of Natural History; adult male; collected by Laurence M. Huey, September 27, 1926. Subspecific Characters. — Similar to Dryobates villosus hyloscopus Cabanis and Heine, but decidedly smaller. In fully adult birds, the dusky white of the breast extends farther down on the breast than does that on examples from the northern mountains. Measurements. — Averages and extremes of three adult males from La Grulla, Sierra San Pedro Martir (including the type) : wing, 118.2 (116.5-119.2); tail, 70.1 (69.5-71.5). Six adult females from La Grulla and La Encantada, Sierra San Pedro Martir: wing, 117.5 (114.7-122.0); tail, 70.8 (67.5-73.0). Range. — The pine clad slopes of the Sierra Juarez and Sierra San Pedro Martir, Lower California, Mexico. Remarks. — The range of this southern race does not extend north of the International Boundary, as specimens examined from the moun- tains of San Diego County, California, are in no way inclined toward the race D. v. scrippsae, but are counterparts of typical D. v. hyloscopus from the northern localities. In fact, the only variation that could point toward a "blending" is found in the Sierra Juarez birds, but their average falls so near that of the birds from the Sierra San Pedro Martir that the name proposed herewith should apply. Specimens examined. — Dryobates villosus hyloscopus, from San Bernardino Mountains, California (including Bear Valley and Bluff Lake), 6; from Cuyamaca Mountains, San Diego County, California, 1 ; from Laguna Mountains, San Diego County, California, 1 . Dryo- bates villosus scrippsae, from Sierra Juarez, Lower California (including Laguna Hanson and El Rayo), 20; from Sierra San Pedro Martir, Lower California (including La Grulla and La Encantada), 10. " It gives the writer great pleasure CO name this bird in honor of Miss Ellen Browning Scnpps, of La Jolla, California, as a very slight token of his gratitude toward her for fur generous support of the institution which makes this work possible. 10 San Diego Society of Natural History PLATE 1 Fig. 1. Typical pine-fringed meadow on the summit plateau of the Sierra San Pedro Martir. The type specimen of Dipodomys agihs martirensis was collected among the sage seen growing in the fore- ground. Fig. 2. Pack animals in the dense belt of chaparral which clothes the western face of the range. Huey — Zonal Status of Sierra San Pedro Martir Plate 1 Fig. 1 m *£i 1*&^^. Fig. Publications of the San Diego Society of Natural History t TRANSACTIONS Vol. I, No. 1, 1905. Pp. 1-25 35 cents Life Areas of California by Frank Stephens Address on Books Relating to Geology, Mineral Resources and Palaeontology of California by A. W. Vogdes Vol. I, No. 2, 1907. Pp. 25-83 Not availabl A Bibliographical Sketch of Dr. John B. Trask by A. W. Vogdes Mollusks and Brachiopods Collected in San Diego, Calif by F. W. Kelsey Notes on the Genus Haliotis by Henry Hemphill The Genus Encrinurus by A. W. Vogdes Vol. I, No. 3, 1911. Pp. 85-113 35 cents The Honey Ants of Point Loma, Calif by Percy Leonard Descriptions of Some Varieties of Shells, with Short Notes on the Geographical Range and Means of Distribution of Land Shells by Henry Hemphill Photographing "Red Snow" in Natural Colors by Ford A. Carpenter Vol. II, No. 1, Nov., 1914. Pp. 1-60 50 cents A Preliminary List of the Hemiptera of San Diego County, California by E. P. Van Duzee In Memoriam — Henry Hemphill. Vol. II, No. 2, 1916. Pp. 61-76 - 25 cents The Variation Exhibited by Ancistrodon halys (Pallas), A Pit- Viper Inhabiting the Far East by Joseph C. Thompson Vol. II, No. 3, 1916. Pp. 77-102 25 cents Excursion Impressions by Frank Stephens, Forrest Shreve, F. B. Sumner, J. Gnn- nell, Geo. D. Louderback. Vol. Ill, No. 1, July 20, 1917. Pp. 1-142 $1.00 Palaeozoic Crustacea — The publications and notes on the genera and species during the past twenty years, 1895-1917 by Anthony Wayne Vogdes Vol. Ill, No. 2, Feb. 15, 1919. Pp. 1-40 25 cents An Annotated List of the Birds of San Diego County, California.-by Frank Stephens Vol. Ill, No. 3, April 20, 1921. Pp. 41-56 25 cents An Annotated List of the Mammals of San Diego County, California by Frank Stephens Vol. Ill, No. 4, April 20, 1921. Pp. 57-69 25 cents An Annotated List of the Amphibians and Reptiles of San Diego County, California by Frank Stephens TRANSACTIONS (Continued) Vol. IV, No. 1, 1924. Pp. 1-158, plates 1, 2 $1.00 Palaeozoic Crustacea Part I — Bibliography of Palaeozoic Crustacea Part II — List of the Genera and Subgenera of the Trilobita Part III — Historical Summary of the Ordovician Genus Cybele Loven by Anthony Wayne Vogdes Vol. V, No. 1, February 20, 1927. Pp. 1-10, plate 1 25 cents A Discussion of the Zonal Status of the Sierra San Pedro Martir, Lower California, Mexico, with Descriptions of a New Kangaroo Rat and a New Woodpecker from that Region by Laurence M. Huey Vol. V, No. 2, March 15, 1927. Pp. 11-40, plates 2, 3 25 cents Birds Recorded in Spring at San Felipe, Northeastern Lower California, Mexico, with the Description of a New Wood- pecker from that Locality by Laurence M. Huey Vol. V, No. 3, March 15, 1927. Pp. 41-44 15 cents Two New Geometridae from San Diego County, California.. ..by William S. Wright Vol. V, No. 4, March 15, 1927. Pp. 45-64, plates 4-6 25 cents Foraminifera from the Eocene near San Diego, California by Joseph A. Cushman and Marcus A. Hanna OTHER PUBLICATIONS Natural History Museum Bulletin, issued monthly, from October to May Free Annual Report of the San Diego Society of Natural History for the years 1923, 1924, 1925, and 1926 Each 25 cents History of the San Diego Society of Natural History, 1874-1924, Pp. 1-24, by Carroll DeWilton Scott Not available California Mammals, by Frank Stephens, illustrated by W. J. Fcnn Pp. 1-351 (Privately published, 1906) $3.50 JUL 26 1927 1% t^r TRANSACTIONS OF THE SAN DIEGO SOCIETY OF NATURAL HISTORY Volume V, No. 2, pp. 11-40, plates 2, 3 BIRDS RECORDED IN SPRING AT SAN FELIPE, NORTHEASTERN LOWER CALIFORNIA, MEXICO, WITH THE DESCRIPTION OF A NEW WOODPECKER FROM THAT LOCALITY BY LAURENCE M. HUEY SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA Printed for the Society July 14, 1927 JUL 26 1927 TRANSACTIONS OF THE SAN DIEGO SOCIETY OF NATURAL HISTORY Volume V, No. 2, pp. 11-40, plates 2, 3 BIRDS RECORDED IN SPRING AT SAN FELIPE, NORTHEASTERN LOWER CALIFORNIA, MEXICO, WITH THE DESCRIPTION OF A NEW WOODPECKER FROM THAT LOCALITY BY LAURENCE M. HUEY SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA Printed for the Society July 14, 1927 COMMITTEE ON PUBLICATION U. S. Grant, IV, Chairman Fred Baker Clinton G. Abbott, Editor BIRDS RECORDED IN SPRING AT SAN FELIPE. NORTHEASTERN LOWER CALIFORNIA, MEXICO, WITH THE DESCRIPTION OF A NEW WOODPECKER FROM THAT LOCALITY BY Laurencl: M. Huky The present paper is based on field work in the vicinity of San Felipe Bay on the Gulf of California, Lower California, Mexico, from March 22 to April 25, 1926. The work, which was carried on in the interest of the San Diego Society of Natural History, was generouslv supported by the Mexican Government, through the granting of liberal permits. Other workers in the field were Clinton G. Abbott and Mrs. May Canfield, whose observations and records are included in the following list. The writer is indebted to A. Brazier Howell and Dr. H. C. Ober- holser, of the United States Biological Survey, for several identifica- tions, in cases where he was either uncertain or lacked comparative material with which to work. While this list is admittedly incomplete, owing to the short time spent at San Felipe, it is the first detailed record of ornithological observations yet published from this remote region, and extends south- ward the ranges of some of the Colorado desert forms. The portion of the peninsula with which the paper deals has been, in the past, one of the most inaccessible points in Lower California; but, owing to recent exploitation of the fisheries of the Gulf of California, which are considered among the richest in the world, a rough ungraded road from the north has been established. It is now possible to drive by automobile a distance of 135 miles south of the International Boundary, from Mexicali, to San Felipe. This spot, until within a few years, was known by name only — there being no mark of human occupancy there, except two or three shallow pits a few rods back of the sea beach, that had been dug by prospectors to obtain water. At the time of our visit, a small colony of some two hundred and fiftv Mexicans, Japanese and Yaqui Indians was living in a "village" of tents and brush shelters along the beach and catching the fish, which 14 San Diego Society of Natural History are transported by truck all the way from San Felipe to San Diego and Los Angeles. Most of the fishermen are said to remain in San Felipe only during the fishing season and then paddle their large dug-out canoes back across the gulf to the Mexican mainland. On first arriving at San Felipe, one is almost overwhelmed by its desolation. The still waters of the gulf seem almost motionless, except for the rising and falling of the twenty-five-foot tides; and at midday, even during March, the sun pours forth a withering heat, while the country affords no trees to provide shelter from its torrid rays. To one accustomed to the shores of the Pacific Ocean, there is a strange feeling of lost directions, when the sun rises, instead of sets, beyond the sea. A rugged, barren, sun-scorched range of mountains, known as the Sierra San Felipe, parallels the beach line at a distance of about eight miles, and obstructs the' view of the higher Sierra San Pedro Martir that lie not a great distance still farther to the westward. North of San Felipe, a jutting range of several rocky, granite peaks forms a spur chain that reaches to the gulf in a northwest to southeast direction. The whole area west to the San Felipe Range is alluvial and rises gently from the beach line to the base of the range. Great washes issue from the canyons in these mountains, and spread fan-like toward the gulf. They give evidence of the terrific force with which the waters of the erratic desert rains rush on their way to the gulf, leaving nothing but rolled, waterworn boulders in their wake. Along these washes is found the heaviest growth of desert vegetation. Ironwood, palo verde and smoke bushes grow in profusion, some of them attaining respecta- ble size, if not uprooted before maturity by the changing channels of the flood waters. Between these washes, vast areas are covered with ocotillo, whose existence does not demand the moisture required by the other shrubs and trees in the washes. Giant cactuses (Pachycereus) were also found over this dry area, though they were very much scat- tered and their presence here marked the northernmost extent of their range on the peninsula. Scrutiny of these cactuses disclosed a great many woodpecker boles, but examination of all the holes within possible reach revealed but one that was inhabited. In this, a pair of Ash-throated Flycatchers had built their summer home. In several of the holes fresh droppings ol birds were found, indicating that at least some birds, whether resi- dents or migrants, had recently visited these crannies to roost. Three other species of the larger flora find their northern limits Huey — Birds of San Felipi:, Lowhr California 15 in this vicinity — a cactus ( Lophocereus) called by the natives "garum- bullo," and two species of copals (Elaphrium). These copals seemed to adhere closely to the base of the mountains, but the reason for this restriction, the writer was unable to determine. There they formed a decided belt, as well denned in this region as pines are on a mountain chain. At the time of the writer's visit, the copals were almost without foliage and their red bark reminded him of leafless apple trees. These two species of copals do not apparently have any influence on the bird life of the region, but the "garumbullo" is a favorite with the ladder- backed woodpeckers and scarcely a plant can be found that does not show scars from their drilling. There is a peculiar double beach line at San Felipe. The older one, which stands at an even hundred feet higher elevation than the present beach, runs parallel at a few hundred yards' distance, for sev- eral miles. Between these beaches, the old and the present, water that is reasonably acceptable for domestic purposes and apparently contain- ing nothing of a deleterious nature, can be obtained in shallow pits. Its temperature is about 80 to 85 degrees Fahrenheit, and a small sam- ple, kindly analyzed by Leyon G. Randall of San Diego, showed the following ingredients present: calcium carbonate, sodium chloride, potassium chloride, in large quantity; calcium carbonate, sodium car- bonate, potassium carbonate, calcium sulphate, sodium sulphate, potas- sium sulphate, in small quantity; also traces of iron, silica and others too minute to detect in the limited sample of water. The occurrence of water near the surface is responsible for a lim- ited growth of mesquite, although, on account of the need of wood for fuel by the fishermen of San Felipe, all of the larger trees have been chopped down. However, several miles south of the village a consid- erable area of scrub mesquites is still to be found. Their growth in loose, sandy, wind-blown soil precludes their becoming anything but prostrate, spreading bushes of large dimensions, desperately clinging to all the soil within reach of their roots, while the winds have blown awav the surrounding earth. This gives the mesquites the appearance of growing on huge hummocks. The San Felipe region is decidedly in the Lower Sonoran zone, but regarding its position in a "Faunal Area," the writer is not in a position to make a statement, as he has not had an opportunity to study the contiguous territory far enough to the south or west. How- ever, it is evident that, as far as the bird and mammal life is concerned, 16 San Diego Society of Natural History the influence about San Felipe is strongly from the Colorado Desert, as the forms allied to that northern region far outnumber those repre- senting the central part of the peninsula, which reach the northern limit of their range in this area. Enjoyment of the days spent at San Felipe was increased by the presence in a neighboring camp of C. C. Lamb and A. R. Gilmore, rep- resentatives of the Museum of Vertebrate Zoology, University of Cali- fornia, who, while collecting entirely independently, provided the com- pany of fellow-workers. The list of birds, totaling ninety, recorded during the thirty-four days of our stay, is as follows : Gavia pacifica (Lawrence) Pacific Loon While at the village watching the fishermen bringing in their catch of huge sea bass ("totuava"), on March 28, the writer saw a Pacific Loon in one of the dug-out canoes. The bird had been captured alive and was securely bound with fishing line. Other individuals of this species were found dead on the beach. The only Pacific Loon saved as a specimen was shot on April 1, while it was fishing near the village. At this season it was still in winter plumage, while others that had been seen in a decaying condition on the beach were partly changed. Gavia stellata (Pontoppidan) Red-throated Loon The finding of several dead carcasses of this species along the beach, in various stages of decomposition, provided the records of this bird's presence on the waters of the Gulf of California during the winter time. One dead loon found on April 2 was still in a good state of preserva- tion and was saved as a specimen. Larus glaucescens Naumann Glaucous-winged Gull A few individuals of this species were found in company of the hordes of California and Ring-billed Gulls that daily foraged along the beach about the fishing village. Huey — Birds of San Felipe, Lower California 17 Larus occidentalis livens Dwight Yellow-footed Western Gull Gulls of this form were fairly common among the great flocks that congregated on the beach near the fishermen's camp. During the first week of April most of these gulls disappeared, going to their nest- ing grounds on the islands, and, by the end of April, they had all gone. Larus californicus Lawrence California Gull Larus delawarensis Ord Ring-billed Gull During the early part of March, hundreds of the two gulls above named used to congregate daily on the beach, awaiting the arrival of the fishermen from the fishing grounds, so that they could feast on the offal. The gulls had become so tame that it was not an uncommon sight to see them within a foot or so of the men as they cleaned their fish on the beach. Toward the second week of April, the gulls com- menced to depart on their northward journey to the breeding grounds, and only the immature birds were left. By the end of the month the beach was almost void of gulls, for the migrating instinct had taken even the immatures. Larus heermanni Cassin Heermann Gull Seen on the beach in limited numbers in company of the above- mentioned species. Heermann Gulls seemed to "drift in" in small numbers from their breeding colonies on distant islands in the Gulf of California. They never seemed abundant, though as high as eight or ten were sometimes seen in a single day, while on other days they were entirely missing. Larus Philadelphia (Ord) Bonaparte Gull Single individuals of this small gull were seen on two occasions- April 4 and April 19. 18 San Diego Society of Natural History Hydroprogne caspia imperator (Coues) Coues Caspian Tern Stragglers of this large Sterna were to be seen flying over the waters of the gulf during the quiet days. At high tide they would usually course the beach line, diving occasionally into a school of grunion for food. The hoarse voice, dark primary tips and heavy bright red beak were diagnostic, even at some distance. Thalasseus maximus (Boddaert) Royal Tern Seen commonly coursing the waters of San Felipe Bay, in company of the following species. Thalasseus elegans (Gambel) Elegant Tern These beautiful terns were seen commonly along the shores about San Felipe. They were in the pink blush of breeding plumage and were gorgeous when viewed in the direct light, with their pearl grey backs in contrast with the rose pink underparts. Elegans indeed! They seemed to be rather noisy when fishing and were always recognized by their cadent call. Puffinus griseus (Gmelin) Dark-bodied Shearwater Numerous dried specimens of this shearwater were picked up in the drift along the high tide line on the beach, and several skulls with skin attached were brought back to the Museum to verify the identifica- tion. Sula brewsteri Goss Brewster Booby Several boobies were seen on March 28, swimming offshore. These birds breed in limited numbers on Consag Rock, which lies about 15 miles east of San Felipe in the Gulf of California. Huey — Birds of San Felipe, Lower California 19 Phalacrocorax auritus albociliatus Ridgway Farallon Double-crested Cormorant Scattering cormorants were seen about the waters of San Felipe Bay on almost every visit to the beach. The largest flock of this species was noted on April 19, when a flock of 25 flew over in V formation. Pelecanus erythrorhynchos Gmelin American White Pelican On March 24, 24 White Pelicans flew over camp in their usual V formation. They appeared to be headed for the Colorado River Delta, as they disappeared into the north and were holding a straight course. Another small flock of seven flew overhead while the writer was hunting on the beach on March 28, and, on April 6, a flock of four was seen flying past. Pelecanus occidentalis californicus Ridgway California Brown Pelican A number of Brown Pelicans were seen fishing offshore during the afternoon of March 27. These birds were not regular visitors, but seemed to follow in the wake of the large schools of grunion that came to the sandy beaches of San Felipe Bay to spawn. Mergus americanus Cassin American Merganser Seen but once, on April 11, when four males of this species flew within thirty yards of the writer when he was on the beach and armed with nothing but a Graflex camera. Mergus serrator Linnaeus Red-breasted Merganser The presence of great schools of small fish would naturally attract these fish-eating ducks and they were not uncommon. During the latter part of April, they were seen in pairs, the male birds having attained their resplendent nuptial plumage. 20 San Diego Society of Natural History Nyroca affinis (Eyton) Lesser Scaup Duck A flock of about twenty scaups was seen near the village upon the writer's first visit to the beach, and they were there when he hunted along that part of the beach for the last time. They became rather tame and several times were approached closely enough for the yellow iris of the eyes to be seen. Clangula hyemalis (Linnaeus) Old-squaw Duck On April 1, C. G. Abbott and the writer, while hunting on the beach about two miles north of the village of San Felipe, saw a very peculiar duck swimming out of gun range in the surf. Scruitinized with eight-power binoculars, the bird was positively identified as an Old-squaw. The writer pursued the duck, with hopes of collecting it, in a canoe which was paddled by two natives. But he succeeded in getting only one good view of the bird, just out of gun range. At this time the duck was in the surf between the pursuer and the shore. In making its successful escape, it did not flush but took the submarine route and thereafter offered only a few fleeting glimpses. Chen hyperboreus hyperboreus (Pallas) Lesser Snow Goose While hunting on the desert west of camp on March 26, the writer heard the clear call of geese. The sound was overhead and seemed to mark distress. Scanning the zenith, he saw a bunch of about one hun- dred Snow Geese in wild disorder. The cause was quickly apparent, for a pair of Duck Hawks were screaming and striking fearlessly at the geese, but apparently without fatal results. Branta nigricans (Lawrence) Black Sea Brant Observed but once, when, on March 27, a dozen Black Brant flew past the writer, just out of gun range, while he was hunting on the beach. Huf.y — Birds of San Fflipf, Lowfr California 21 Ardea herodias treganzai Court Pallid Grkat Bluf; Heron Several locations where small colonies of blue herons had nested were found in a wash that was filled with large ironwood trees. The good repair of the nests and the abundance of unweathered excrement seemed to lend support to the idea that the nests had but recently been occupied. However, the herons were never abundant, and not more than three or four were ever seen during a day's hunt along the beach. Limnodromus griseus scolopaceus (Say) Long-billed Dowitcher Long-billed Dowitchers were observed occasionally, but were not common. A small flock was seen on March 31, and a single specimen collected. The bird was approaching full breeding plumage. Canutus canutus rufus (Wilson) American Knot This species was found on two occasions. On April 2, three Knots were seen in company of a dozen Surf-birds on the rocky shore above the village and one of them was collected by the writer. On April 7, a single bird was found by Mrs. Canfield on the beach near the village in company of a large flock of gulls, and was collected. Pisobia minutilla (Vieillot) Least Sandpiper These diminutive waders were first recorded April 6, and were to be seen in limited numbers along the beach during the rest of the writer's stay at San Felipe. Ereunetes mauri Cabanis Western Sandpiper About a dozen Western Sandpipers were seen in company with as many Least Sandpipers on the beach on April 19, and thereafter straggling individuals were seen intermittently until April 25, when the writer left the region. 22 San Diego Society of Natural History Calidris alba (Pallas) Sanderling This bird was not common. A single specimen was collected on April 24. Catoptrophorus semipalmatus inornatus (Brewster) Western Willet San Felipe Bay did not seem exceptionally well suited for shore birds, due to the lack of tidal sloughs, and only straggling birds were seen along the beaches. Willets were present in very limited numbers, although a few were nearly always seen when enough time was spent or distance covered on the beach. Heteroscelus incanus (Gmelin) Wandering Tattler The first Tattlers were seen on April 17, feeding in the company of a few Surf-birds, on the reefy shore above the village. They were afterward noted singly or in small groups, each time these rocks were visited, the last time being on April 23. Actitis macularia (Linnaeus) Spotted Sandpiper These birds were to be found singly or in pairs about the rocky shores on the headlands north of the village. The species was first recorded on March 31 and last on April 23, which was the last time hunting was done along that part of the shore. Numenius americanus Bechstein Long-billed Curlew These large shore birds occurred sparingly; seen first on April 6, when three were feeding on the beach in company of a dozen Hud- sonian Curlews. Huey — Birds of San Felipe, Lower California 23 Phaeopus hudsonicus (Latham) HUDSONIAN CURLEW The first individual of this species was seen March 31, when a single bird was found on the beach in company of a small bunch of Willets. After that date, Hudsonian Curlews were occasionally seen in small groups. Squatarola squatarola cynosurae Thayer and Bangs American Black-bellied Plover At San Felipe, Black-bellied Plovers were seen singly, which seemed in strange contrast to the writer's many years experience with the species along the coast of Southern California, where good-sized flocks are not uncommon. The first of these plovers was seen April 11, two days before leaving San Felipe. Oxyechus vociferus vociferus (Linnaeus) Northern Killdeer Noted but once, when, after a short rainstorm of two hours' dura- tion on the morning of April 12, the clear call of "kill-dee, kill-dee" was heard from the nearby beach. Charadrius semipalmatus Bonaparte Semipalmated Plover Like most of the shore birds, Semipalmated Plovers were rather uncommon. The first individual seen was alone in a small tidal marsh four miles south of San Felipe, on April 8. Charadrius nivosus nivosus (Cassin) Western Snowy Plover These small plovers were seen sparingly along the beach. One pair was found on the same part of the beach several times and acted as though they had a nest, but careful search failed to disclose its location. 24 San Diego Society of Natural History Aphriza virgata (Gmelin) Surf-bird A flock of about one hundred of these birds was seen flying along the rocky shore, when the writer, upon his first arrival at San Felipe on March 22, was summing up the possibilities of the region from a collector's standpoint. Later they were seen in large flocks, even up to 800 individuals, and a small flock was observed on April 24 — the last day afield in the vicinity of San Felipe. A number of specimens was secured, including one that was a partial albino. Arenaria melanocephala (Vigors) Black Turnstone These birds, usually associated with rocky coasts and dashing waters, were not at all out of place on the bold promontory above San Felipe, where, on April 1, a flock of 14 was seen feeding amid the spray. Lophortyx californica subspecies? Valley Quail On April 8, the writer found quail tracks in the sand in a mesquite- covered area six miles south of San Felipe. Quail were decidedly rare in this region, though their presence was known to the natives. They readily distinguished, by name, the difference between the Valley Quail from the Pacific Coast and the Desert Quail from Sonora on the Mexi- can mainland, and the name which they gave to the San Felipe birds is that ordinarily applied to the Valley Quail. If, then, the birds are Valley Quail, this region marks the most northern point on the eastern coast of Lower California reached by this species. As no specimens of these birds were secured, the status of the San Felipe Quail is open to question, and whether they are referable to the form Lophortyx cali- fornica plumbea, recently named by Grinnell from the coast region immediately west of the Sierra San Pedro Martir, or the Cape form, Lophortyx californica achrustera, described by Peters", is undecided. On the above assumption, it is apparent that the range of the Valley Quail's near relation, Lophortyx gambeli gambeli, which is found com- 'Condor XXVIII, May-June, 1926, pp. 128-129. L'Proc. New England Zool. Club, VIII, May 16, 1923, pp. 79-80. Huey — Birds of San Felipe, Lowhr Caliiornia 25 monly through Imperial Valley and the delta of the Colorado River in Northeastern Lower California, is definitely blocked by the vast sterile flood-plain of the delta and the inhospitable desert mountains lying west of the plain. Melopelia asiatica mearnsi Ridgway Western White-winged Dove The unmistakable musical call of this dove was heard early on the morning of April 25, when the writer was about six miles west of camp in the copal belt. Cathartes aura septentrionalis Wied Northern Turkey Vulture Seen sparingly during the entire period spent in the vicinity of San Felipe. The birds were attracted to the village by the great quantity of fish offal. On March 31, C. G. Abbott found a buzzard caught in a trap that had been set and baited for a coyote. Buteo borealis calurus Cassin Western Red-tailed Hawk These hawks were not uncommon and at this season were to be found near their prospective nesting sites, which were usually in the ocotillos. The field notes show that a pair was seen March 22, thirty miles north of San Felipe, and another pair on March 24, a mile west of San Felipe. These latter birds were perched side by side on a hori- zontal ocotillo limb, and nearby their nest was found, situated only ten feet above the ground in an ocotillo — perfectly safe! Falco mexicanus Schlegel Prairie Falcon Observed once. When the writer was returning to camp on April 13, after a long tramp over the desert, a lone Prairie Falcon alighted on the tip-top of an ocotillo in such a position that close approach was possible. By slipping up behind a screen of palo verde, it was possible to secure a shot at the hawk, but not a hard enough one to kill. The 26 San Diego Society of Natural History bird flew away, mortally wounded, and was pounced upon by a Red- tailed Hawk; but the falcon escaped, taking refuge in a branching ocotillo, where it was collected. Falco peregrinus anatum Bonaparte American Duck Hawk A pair of these falcons were among the first birds seen when arriving at the fishing village of San Felipe, March 22. Duck Hawks were seen several times during our stay, which were probably members of this pair. On March 26, a pair of Duck Hawks was seen harassing a bunch of Snow Geese high overhead. Pandion haliaetus carolinensis (Gmelin) American Osprey A pair of these beautiful hawks fished daily along the ocean near camp, and it was not unusual to. see them devouring their prey while perched on the top of a lone giant cactus that was growing on the old beach line above camp. During the middle of the day they were occa- sionally seen flying inland with nest building material gleaned from the seashore; and, on March 30, Mrs. Canfield found their nest, which contained three eggs. It was placed on top of a dead ironwood snag about twelve feet above the ground and was four miles distant from the sea. The nest was built largely of coarse sticks, but other material of exceptional interest was included, such as a four-foot piece of %-inch rope, an old shoe, three shearwater carcasses that had been stripped of meat, probably by Duck Hawks, and numerous pieces of rags, includ- ing an old, worn-out sock picked up on the beach near the village. Geococcyx californianus (Lesson) California Road-Runner While the writer did not come into actual contact with living Road-runners, he did find a dried-up young bird on the ground under a nest of this species in a large scrub mesquite. The dead bird was well feathered out on the body, but its tail was only three or four inches in length and still in the quill. Other evidence of the presence of Road-runners was the occasional finding of their tracks in the soft sand, though they were by no means abundant. Huey — Birds of San Felipe, Lower California 27 Dryobates nuttallii longirostrata subsp. nov. Desert Nuttall Woodpi-;cker Type. — From the cactus (Lophocereus) association at San Felipe, North- eastern Lower California, Mexico; male breeding; No. 10448, Collection of the San Diego Society of Natural History; collected by Laurence M. Huey. April 13, 1926. General Characters. — Adult male, as compared with D. nuttallii, a larger sized, longer tarsused, bigger billed bird, with a more heavily barred back, this barring reaching well up on the hinder parts of the neck. Has a more restricted red patch on the back of the head. Wings longer than those of D. nuttallii and less heavily barred. The bars are entirely lacking on the tips of the primaries and for a distance of 25 mm. back from the tips on the outer four feathers. Two outer tail feathers, on either side of the tail, heavily and evenly barred with black and white for their full length on both inner and outer webs. Third tail feather, on either side of tail, barred on the outer web regularly to the base. Both tarsus and outer anterior toe longer than those of D. nuttallii. Adult female, similar to adult male, but without any red on nape. Meas- urements of the bill, wing, tail, tarsus and toe compare with those of the female of D. nuttallii in a proportion similar to measurements of the males of the two races. Measurements. — Type: adult male, exposed culmen, 29.3; total length in flesh, 202.0; wing, 104.4; tail, 65.5; tarsus, 20.5; outer anterior toe, 15.0, weight, 38.6 grams. Adult female': exposed culmen, 22.5;" length in flesh, 200.0; wing, 106.8; tail, 72.0; tarsus, 19.3; outer anterior toe, 14.0; weight, 32.2 grams. The two specimens of this woodpecker, the only two secured, were collected on April 13 by Mrs. May Canfield and the writer in a thick growth of "garumbullo" cactus. The birds were exceedingly wild and were taken only when the collectors separated and operated on opposite sides of the cactus growth. No additional individuals were recorded. The two birds collected were submitted to Dr. H. C. Oberholser of the U. S. Biological Survey, through A. Brazier Howell, also of the U. S. Biological Survey, who supported the writer's conclusion that the form was new. While the number of specimens at hand is limited to two, the characters are so obvious that they warrant a new name for the bird. 'Collection of Laurence M. Huey. "Slightly imperfect. 28 San Diego Society of Natural History Centurus uropygialis cardonensis Grinnell San Fernando Gila Woodpecker A single Gila Woodpecker was collected on April 22, after a chase from perch to perch of over a mile. The specimen was examined by Dr. Joseph Grinnell, of the Museum of Vertebrate Zoology, Berkeley, California, who declared it to be a typical example of the above race and made reference to it in his description of the race . Chordeiles acutipennis texensis Lawrence Texas Sharp-winged Nighthawk But a single nighthawk was observed during the period spent at San Felipe. This was on April 8, when a bird of this species flushed from its day roost on a horizontal limb of a mesquite. No doubt this species becomes abundant later in the season, for the region seems ideal for its summer occupancy. Calypte costae (Bourcier) Costa Hummingbird Costa Hummers were not uncommon and were found breeding in the vicinity of San Felipe. Two nests were discovered by Mrs. Canfield on April 13, one located in a palo verde, and the other saddled on a small twig of a copal. Both nests contained eggs that were on the point of hatching. Selasphorus rufus (Gmelin) Rufous Hummingbird A single male of this species was taken on March 29. The bird was feeding on ocotillo blossoms when collected. Myiarchus cinerascens cinerascens (Lawrence) Northern Ash-throated Flycatcher Ash-throated Flycatchers were not rare. However, the population seemed to be divided — those that were to nest in the region and had 'Condor. XXIX, May-June, 1927, p. 168. Huey — Birds of San Felipe, Lower California 29 located themselves for the season, and those that were en route to the north. The resident birds could usually be determined by their loca- tion, often being seen near a giant cactus perforated with woodpecker holes or an ironwood tree that contained cavities of sufficient size for their nest. Their action in driving away others of their own kind was also a determining factor in marking resident birds. A nest found on April 22 was situated in a woodpecker hole about eight feet above the ground in a giant cactus and contained four eggs, partially incubated. The nest occupied a cavity of about two hundred cubic inches, which was completely filled with hair. Close scrutiny of this material revealed the presence of hair from Rabbits, Kangaroo Rats, Ground Squirrels and other animals whose identity was uncertain. The question that naturally arose was, "How and where were the birds able to secure such an abundance of material?" The mass was picked apart, piece by piece, and the answer was provided by two small bits which the birds had not completely shredded oat — Coyote dung. This, then, accounted for the abundance of identifiable hair and placed the Ash-throats in a rather unusual correlation with Coyotes! Sayornis saya saya (Bonaparte) Rocky Mountain Say Phoebe Several pairs of these phoebes were nesting in the vicinity. One nest with three large young, almost ready to fly, was found on March 23. It was situated in a niche in a bank of the old sea beach and was found by watching the old birds carry food to their young. Sayornis nigricans semiatra (Vigors) Northern Black Phoebe A single bird of this species was seen on April 17 perched on the top of fisherman's shack, where it could not be collected. That the bird was a wanderer seems conclusive, as a sharp watch was kept each time the writer was in the vicinity of the village and Black Phoebes were never again noted. Empidonax difficilis difficilis Baird Yellow-bellied Western Flycatcher This species was recorded twice, when migrants were collected on April 12 and April 19. 30 San Diego Society or Natural History Otocoris alpestris leucansiptila Oberholser Yuma Horned Lark Horned larks were exceedingly rare in this region and were found but once, when, on April 8, the writer flushed a mated pair of these birds from the low ground bordering the salt flat four miles south of San Felipe, and was fortunate enough to collect the male. It was evident from the actions of this pair that they had chosen this spot in which to build their nest, and dissection of the bird later showed it to be in breeding condition. The specimen was sent to Dr. H. C. Ober- holser, who verified the above identification. The capture of this bird at San Felipe extends another fairly common Colorado desert form southward along the territory on the western side of the Gulf of California. Corvus corax sinuatus Wagler Western Raven At least four pairs of these birds plied the beach in search of food. However, they were rather shy and seldom came within long gun range. A nest containing four eggs was found on April 13, situated in the upper branches of a large ironwood tree, twenty feet above the ground. The location of this nest was at least six miles from the vil- lage, but, in spite of this fact, a large peice of a sweater had been car- ried by the birds and used to line their nest — and a cozy-lined nest it made. I returned to the nest on April 22, but the birds had not added more eggs to the set. Molothrus ater obscurus (Gmelin) Dwarf Cowbird This species was recorded by the collecting of a single female bird on April 16. It alighted on the upper branches of the mesquite tree under which our tent was pitched and uttered its characteristic call note. Agelaius phoeniceus sonoriensis Ridgway Sonora Red-winged Blackbird Four Sonora Red-winged Blackbirds flew over camp about sun- down on April 19. Huey — Birds or San Felipe, Lower California 31 Icterus parisorum Bonaparte Scott Oriole The song of this beautiful bird could be heard on the desert almost any morning, coming from the vegetation along the washes or from the stands of ocotillos. But a sight of the songster was another thing, for these orioles were more elusive than any of the desert birds of the region. Old nests were not uncommon among the clumps of mistletoe. A nest in the course of construction was found on April 13 by Mrs. May Canfield and, on April 25, contained four fresh eggs. The nest was situated in a clump of mistletoe that was growing on the upper branches of an ironwood tree, fourteen feet above the ground, and was composed of palm and yucca fiber with a lining of fine grass stems. Y uccas were not abundant, and, in a seven-mile radius from San Felipe that was covered by the writer, no palm trees were seen from which the fiber could have been secured; so the birds must have gone a long dis- tance in search of suitable building material. The length of time required to complete their nest bears out this conclusion, as the structure was well formed when first found. Carpodacus mexicanus frontalis (Say) California Linnet Linnets were found amid the ironwoods, where they fed on mistle- toe berries; but they were so extremely wild that it was only possible to get close enough to identify them as they flushed. A small flock of six was seen on March 30. Passer domesticus domesticus (Linnaeus) English House Sparrow Birds of this species were heard several times about the two oi three mesquite trees near camp, but they were so shy that it was not until April 10 that the writer caught sight of even one of the wan- derers. It was in mid-afternoon, and the lone sparrow was perched in the branches of the tree immediately over the tent in which work of preparation was in progress. Slipping out with his gun, the writer was only able to get to the door of the tent, when the bird flushed and was seen no more. 32 San Diego Society of Natural History Passerculus rostratus rostratus (Cassin) Large-billed Marsh Sparrow Two male specimens of this bird in breeding condition were taken March 31 and April 1 in a small semi-circular marsh, only a few acres in area, near the village. This is the marsh which Nelson in his Memoir mentions as being the ancient Indian fish trap. Since the region in which Goldman discovered the breeding ground of the elu- sive Large-billed Sparrow in 1919", is only about sixty miles to the northward, it was reasonable to expect that the species might be found breeding in one of the two small marshes near San Felipe. But an exhaustive search of these marshes on two occasions failed to disclose an old nest or another specimen. Zonotrichia leucophrys gambelii (Nuttall) Gambel White-crowned Sparrow This species did not seem abundant and was noted sparingly, as follows : on March 24, several were seen in a small wash one mile back from the coast; on April 12 a few small flocks were seen after the rain, and scattering birds were noted for several days thereafter. Spizella passerina arizonae Coues Western Chipping Sparrow Found in small flocks. A small bunch was seen about two miles from camp on March 24, and another flock on April 12. Spizella breweri Cassin Brewer Sparrow This species was fairly common in the washes throughout the writer's stay. Amphispiza bilineata deserticola Ridgway Desert Black-throated Sparrow Desert Sparrows were first seen about six miles southwest of San 'Memoirs of the National Academy of Sciences, Vol. XVI, first memoir 1921, p. 18. "The Ohio Journal of Science, Vol. XIX, No. 6, pp. 344-355. Huey — Birds of San Felipe, Lower California 33 Felipe, where, on April 13, a family of four young on the wing was found with their parents. On April 25, as the writer was departing from the region, another pair of Desert Sparrows and their young were seen in a rocky canyon immediately north of the village. Melospiza lincolnii lincolnii (Audubon) Northeastern Lincoln Sparrow The only record of a Melospiza was made on April 23, when a Lincoln Sparrow flew into a bush near the writer as he was skinning a Coyote. Fortunately, a gun was nearby and the specimen was col- lected. Calamospiza melanocorys Stejneger Lark Bunting Encountered by the writer but once, when a fine, nearly black male flew across the road directly in front of the machine, thirty miles north of San Felipe on March 22. At a point somewhat nearer to San Felipe, C. G. Abbott observed a small flock containing both sexes ol these buntings, as he was driving north on April 4. Piranga ludoviciana (Wilson) Western Tanager Observed as a migrant on March 30 by C. G. Abbott, about thirty miles north of San Felipe, as he was driving south on his way to our camp. Petrochelidon albifrons albifrons (Rafinesque) Northern Cliff Swallow On April 9 a small mixed flock of swallows alighted on an ocotillo near camp and a single shot from a 410 caliber gun killed three birds of as many species. After that date, migrating swallows were not uncommon; but only the three kinds here listed occurred in any numbers. Hirundo erythrogaster Boddaert Barn Swallow Not an uncommon migrant. A single specimen was taken on April 9, which was the first date upon which the species was observed. 34 San Diego Society of Natural History Stelgidopteryx serripennis (Audubon) Rough-winged Swallow This species was first observed April 9, when a specimen was col- lected. Later, it was not uncommon amid the migrating swallows. Phainopepla nitens lepida Van Tyne Northern Phainopepla These birds proved to be the commonest land birds found about San Felipe. Oddly enough, no nests were found, but a fully fledged young bird of the year was collected on March 29, and no doubt more young would have been discovered if a large series of specimens had been collected. The early nesting of Phainopeplas stands out as a unique experience for the writer, as he had previously always known Phainopeplas to nest late in the season. Future study of this reversed condition may throw some light on the possibility of a double breeding season for these birds. A fact that might add weight to this theory is the relative abundance of the species, in spite of its habit of laying but two or occasionally three eggs as a sitting. Lanius ludovicianus excubitorides Swainson White-rumped Loggerhead Shrike Shrikes were fairly common on the desert, but were extremely wild. Several families of young on the wing were found, and two nests with eggs — one containing six eggs taken by C. G. Abbott on April 2, and another containing five eggs collected by Mrs. Canfield on April 14. Vireo gilvus swainsonii Baird Western Warbling Vireo Fairly abundant as a migrant after the heavy rain of April 12. Vermivora celata lutescens (Ridgway) Lutescent Orange-crowned Warbler A single Vermivora was collected by Mrs. Canfield on March 26, but the species did not become abundant until the morning of April Huey — Birds of San Felipe, Lower California 35 12, when a sharp rain fell. After the storm the nearby brush was found to be teeming with migrants, among which Lutescent Warblers were most numerous. Dendroica aestiva brewsteri Grinnell California Yellow Warbler On April 23, a female California Yellow Warbler was collected from the mesquite tree in camp and marked the only record of this species for San Felipe. Dendroica nigrescens (J. K. Townsend) Black-throated Gray Warbler First observed by C. G. Abbott about twenty miles north of San Felipe on March 30. Later, during the flight of migrants on April 11, this species was not uncommon. Dendroica occidentalis (J. K. Townsend) Hermit Warbler Occurred as a migrant after the heavy rain on April 12. Wilsonia pusilla chryseola Ridgway Golden Pileolated Warbler Golden Pileolated Warblers came in on the same wave of migra- tion that, on April 12, brought numerous other warblers; but individ- uals of this species were noted over a much longer period than the others, being seen as late as April 23. The writer is familiar with the migratory movements of Wilsonia along the lower Colorado River, and his observations in that region indicate the same habit of slow passing. Whether it is due to straggling movements of the species as a whole or whether individual birds linger to feed, he is unable to say. Oroscoptes montanus (J. K. Townsend) Sage Thrasher A bird of this species was collected twenty miles north of San Felipe as the writer was en route south on March 22 — the only record. 36 San Diego Society of Natural History Mimus polyglottos leucopterus (Vigors) Western Mockingbird Mockingbirds were fairly common along the washes, where palo verdes and ironwood trees were growing. The parasitic mistletoe in the ironwoods furnished an abundance of food for the mockers and the heaviest laden trees were constantly guarded by them against the inroads of the more numerous Phainopeplas. No nests of this species were found, though several families of young birds, that had not yet attained their full length of tail, were seen as early as March 24. Toxostoma lecontei lecontei Lawrence Gila Leconte Thrasher Birds of this species were more abundant here than the writer had ever found them before in any locality. The nesting season of these thrashers seems to be rather irregular, for young on the wing were found on March 23, while a set of five heavily incubated eggs was found on March 25 and fresh eggs were taken as late as April 8. The birds seemed not to be particular regarding the choice of nesting sites, for occupied nests were found in ocotillo, cholla cactus, fruitea, smoke bush and ironwood trees, while old nests were found in nearly all the species of brush, trees or cactus that offered size enough for protection. The incubating birds proved to be excessively tame, and, on two occa- sions, the writer was allowed to approach within two feet of the sitting birds before they flushed. Heleodytes brunneicapillus couesi (Sharpe) Northern Cactus Wren Cactus Wrens were present in this region as residents, but were limited in numbers. The few adult birds taken at San Felipe do not exactly agree with Ridgway's average measurements of Texas birds of the above name, yet they will have to be so carried until more material from the central east coast of the peninsula can be obtained. Salpinctes obsoletus obsoletus (Say) Northern Rock Wren This bird was found once, on April 6, when the writer explored Huey — Birds of San Felipe, Lowfr California 37 the rocky hills north of San Felipe. A family of five young and their parents was found feeding in a rocky gorge. They were so wild that but a single one of their number was secured. Auriparus flaviceps flaviceps (Sundevall) Arizona Verdi n These small inhabitants of the desert were fairly common through the smoke bush and ironwood association, along the washes, and their globular, side-entrance nests composed of thorny twigs were frequently seen. At this season, the young had all left the nests and were to be found following their parents about, begging, with high-pitched voices, for food. Polioptila melanura melanura Lawrence Plumbeous Black-tailed Gnatcatcher These diminutive birds were found in the fruitea (Lyceum) asso- ciation near camp, where a pair was seen carrying nest-building material on March 25, though their nest was never found. A nest was found on April 13, which contained three newly hatched young. It was sit- uated in a very small palo verde sapling and was but three feet above the ground. The parents were very solicitous and would come to the nest to feed the young when an observer was within a few feet of the nest. Sialia mexicana occidentalis J. K. Townsend Western Mexican Bluebird Four bluebirds were seen and pursued without results by C. G. Abbott on March 31. These birds were in the ocotillo association a few miles southwest of San Felipe and were so very wild that he found it impossible to get within gun range. A single female bird was found and collected by the writer on April 13. It was pursued for over an hour and a half before it perched in a position where it could be approached. Transmitted March 15, 1927. 38 San Diego Society of Natural History PLATE 2 Fig. 1. San Felipe Bay from the south, showing field camps of Museum col- lectors in the foreground and slope of ancient beach line to the left. Fig. 2. San Felipe Bay from the north, with the Sierra San Felipe in the distance and, in the foreground, foothills of a jutting spur that reaches to the Gulf. This photograph was taken from the promontory shown in the upper picture. Hue? — Birds of San Felipe, Lower California Plate 2 >* Fig. 1 Fig. 2 40 San Diego Society of Natural History PLATE 3 Fig. 1. Osprey's nest in dead ironwood tree, four miles from the water, with glimpse of typical desert vegetation and of arid mountains beyond. Fig. 2. Thick growth of "Garumbullo" cactus, a favorite with the ladder- backed woodpeckers and the association in which the new desert race of Nuttall Woodpecker was taken. Hiuv — Birds op San Felipe, Lower California Plate 3 S^ Fig. 1 Fig. 2 Publications of the San Diego Society of Natural History TRANSACTIONS Vol. I, No. 1, 1905. Pp. 1-25 _ 35 cents Life Areas of California by Frank Stephens Address on Books Relating to Geology, Mineral Resources and Palaeontology of California _ by A. W. Vogdes Vol. I, No. 2, 1907. Pp. 25-83 Not available A Bibliographical Sketch of Dr. John B. Trask _ by A. W. Vogdes Mollusks and Brachiopods Collected in San Diego, Calif by F. W. Kelsey Notes on the Genus Haliotis _ by Henry Hemphill The Genus Encrinurus by A. W. Vogdes Vol. I, No. 3, 1911. Pp. 85-113 35 cents The Honey Ants of Point Loma, Calif by Percy Leonard Descriptions of Some Varieties of Shells, with Short Notes on the Geographical Range and Means of Distribution of Land Shells by Henry Hemphill Photographing "Red Snow" in Natural Colors by Ford A. Carpenter Vol. II, No. 1, Nov., 1914. Pp. 1-60 -JO cents A Preliminary List of the Hemiptera of San Diego County, California — by E. P. Van Duzee In Memoriam — Henry Hemphill. Vol. II, No. 2, 1916. Pp. 61-76 _ 25 cents The Variation Exhibited by Ancistrodon halys (Pallas), A Pit- Viper Inhabiting the Far East by Joseph C. Thompson Vol. n, No. 3, 1916. Pp. 77-102 25 cents Excursion Impressions by Frank Stephens, Forrest Shreve, F. B. Sumner, J. Grin- nell, Geo. D. Louderback. Vol. Ill, No. 1, July 20, 1917. Pp. 1-142 ...._ $1.00 Palaeozoic Crustacea — The publications and notes on the genera and species during the past twenty years, 1895-1917 by Anthony Wayne Vogdes Vol. Ill, No. 2, Feb. 15, 1919. Pp. 1-40 25 cents An Annotated List of the Birds of San Diego County, California..by Frank Stephens Vol. Ill, No. 3, April 20, 1921. Pp. 41-56 25 cents An Annotated List of the Mammals of San Diego County, California by Frank Stephens Vol. Ill, No. 4, April 20, 1921. Pp. 57-69 25 cents An Annotated List of the Amphibians and Reptiles of San Diego County, California _ _ by Frank Stephens TRANSACTIONS (Continued) Vol. IV, No. 1, 1924. Pp. 1-158, plates 1, 2 $1.00 Palaeozoic Crustacea Part I — Bibliography of Palaeozoic Crustacea Part II — List of the Genera and Subgenera of the Trilobita Part III — Historical Summary of the Ordovician Genus Cybele Loven by Anthony Wayne Vogdes Vol. V, No. 1, February 20, 1927. Pp. 1-10, plate 1 25 cents A Discussion of the Zonal Status of the Sierra San Pedro Martir, Lower California, Mexico, with Descriptions of a New Kangaroo Rat and a New Woodpecker from that Region -, by Laurence M. Huey Vol. V, No. 2, July 14, 1927. Pp. 11-40, plates 2, 3 25 cents Birds Recorded in Spring at San Felipe, Northeastern Lower California, Mexico, with the Description of a New Wood- pecker from that Locality by Laurence M. Huey Vol. V, No. 3, March 15, 1927. Pp. 41-44 15 cents Two New Geometridae from San Diego County, California....by William S. Wright Vol. V, No. 4, March 15, 1927. Pp. 45-64, plates 4-6 25 cents Foraminifera from the Eocene near San Diego, California by Joseph A. Cushman and Marcus A. Hanna OTHER PUBLICATIONS Natural History Museum Bulletin, issued monthly, from October to May. free Annual Report of the San Diego Society of Natural History for the years 1923, 1924, 1925, and 1926 -Each 25 cents History of the San Diego Society of Natural History, 1874-1924, Pp. 1-24, by Carroll DeWilton Scott. Not available California Mammals, by Frank Stephens, illustrated by W. J. Fenn Pp. 1-351 (Privately published, 1906) $3.50 JUL 18 1927 M.^f TRANSACTIONS OF THE SAN DIEGO SOCIETY OF NATURAL HISTORY Vol. V, No. 3, pp. 41-44 March 15, 1927 TWO NEW GEOMETRIDAE FROM SAN DIEGO COUNTY, CALIFORNIA BY William S. Wright Stamnodes kelseyi, sp. nov. Expanse 32 to 36 mm. Palpi rough-scaled, marked outwardly with deep carmine scales; tip sordid ochreous. Front ochreous-pink, rarely with a few white scales in center. Shaft of antennae marked above with scattered black and carmine scales throughout its length. Vertex consisting of a mixture of white, black and rosy scales. Thorax and patagia concolorous with vertex. A sordid white line marks base of thorax and ends in pure white dots on either side at base of secondaries. Abdomen sordid ochreous with inconspicuous cross-lines. All legs marked with black and carmine scales in front. Wings: dark smoky above, faintly washed with rosy except along costa of primaries, which is rather broadly streaked with ochreous and marked with three black spots; the first spot is about one quarter out from base of wing, narrow and usually concave outwardly; the second a little less than half way out and somewhat wider than the first; the third a little less than two-thirds out and squarish; basally the costal streak is. brownish, densely irrorate with black; between the first and second spots ochreous, rather sparsely irrorate with smoky dots and a few black scales; the third space is clear ocreous with a few dark scales near the outer end; beyond the third spot is a clear ochreous spot after which the costal area is brownish, densely irrorate with dark smoky and black to the apex; from the third spot a shadowy line extends perpendicular to costa as far as vein 5, thence parallel with margin to inner edge about three- fourths out; from the second spot there are indications of a faint line sweeping in a broad curve to join the extra-discal at vein 5; both lines are very faint after leaving the costa, but are traceable. Secondaries immaculate. Fringe lustrous, black and ochreous, faintly tinged with rosy and somewhat broken by two to four dusky points apically in the primaries; in the fringe of secondaries conspicuous black dots appear at the end of veins 6 and 7; these two dots are a constant character; a third dot is faintly indicated in some specimens. Be- neath, the costal edge and apex of primaries ochreous, heavily irrorate with 42 San Diego Society of Natural History dark smoky; second spot on costa apparent, third quite black and marking the inception of black line which is prominent costally, but fading gradually to a mere shadow on inner edge of wing; course same as above; disk and inner edge immaculate. Secondaries sordid ochreous, heavily irrorate with black over entire surface but more densely on basal portion to conspicuous median line, which is rather broad, sub-crenulate, extending from about the center of costal edge to a point on vein 5 midway between end of cell and outer margin, thence turning sharply backward to center of inner edge; a dark discal streak, with glistening white dot in center, which often consists of but two to four scales. Holotype male, Pine Valley, San Diego County, California, November 8, 1926. F. W. Kelsey, collector. In collection of San Diego Society of Natural History. Allotype female, 6 female and 16 male paratypes, same data. Some 80 specimens of this species were taken in Pine Valley (ele- vation about 4,000 ft.) at the base of Laguna Mountains, San Diego County, California, during the week ending November 8, 1926. The species has much in common with modocata Wright and may prove to be a color form or southern race of that species. It also seems to be somewhat related to cassinoi Swett, but is larger and occurs at a much higher altitude; cassinoi occurs only near the coast. In the new form there is a tendency for the underside to become suffused with bright red scales rather evenly distributed, as in paratype "g," where the entire under surface of the secondaries is covered with red, only scattered atoms and the median line being black. This condition has never been observed either in cassinoi or modocata. The species is dedicated to Mr. F. W. Kelsey of San Diego, California, as a small recognition of his untiring efforts to assist in building up the collections of the San Diego Society of Natural History. Stamnodes similis, sp. nov. At first glance this form has the appearance of apollo Cassino, but is much larger — female 34 mm., male 32 mm. Palpi bright red with minute white tip. Front bulging and fawn color; reddish streak between antennae; vertex white. Thorax pale ochreous. Abdomen yellowish dorsally, pinkish below with deep red-brown lateral stripe lengthwise. Patagia and collar red- brown fading to ochreous postad. Primaries pale ochreous, thinly clad on disk and posterior part of wing; costal streak same color as disk, heavily irror- ate with reddish-gray on basal fourth and apically where the streak widens and forms a triangular patch beyond a rather broad white line extending from costa to vein 4; two faint white spots occur on costa between extra-discal line Wright— New Geomi iridai from San Dii-:go County 43 and base. Secondaries immaculate, concolorous with disk of primaries. Fringe pink, except the extreme tips on primaries, where it shows dark. Beneath, the primaries are as above, except that the red-brown is of a somewhat deeper shade. Secondaries immaculate, pale ochreous heavily overspread with red- brown scales; no spots or lines visible, although there is an indefinite massing of reddish-brown on the disk. Femora of front legs reddish in front, the rest of the legs mottled with dark. Holotype female. Pine Valley, San Diego County, California, November 8. 1926. F. W. Kelsey, collector. In collection of the San Diego Society of Natural History. Allotype male and 2 female paratypes, same data. Four female paratypes, Riverside County Mountains, California. In col- lection Barnes. The four Pine Valley specimens were taken at light in association with the preceding species, but as they resemble that species only in size and pectinate male antennae, we have given the new name. The appear- ance above is very much like apollo Cassino, but beneath there is no such similarity. Of the four specimens, the female holotype is the only specimen showing all the characters enumerated, the male and two female paratypes being more or less badly rubbed, hence the designation here given. The four Riverside County specimens are made paratypes in appreciation of courtesies extended by Dr. William Barnes. JUL 18 mi zf.^f TRANSACTIONS OF THE SAN DIEGO SOCIETY OF NATURAL HISTORY Volume V, No. 4, pp. 45-64, plates 4-6 FORAMINIFERA FROM THE EOCENE NEAR SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA BY Joseph A. Cushman & Marcus A. Hanna SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA Printed for the Society March 15, 1927 TRANSACTIONS OF THE SAN DIEGO SOCIETY OF NATURAL HISTORY Volume V, No. 4, pp. 45-64, plates 4-6 FORAMINIFERA FROM THE EOCENE NEAR SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA BY Joseph A. Cushman & Marcus A. Hanna SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA Printed for the Society March 15, 1927 COMMITTEE ON PUBLICATION U. S. Grant, IV, Chairman Fred Baker Clinton G. Abbott, Editor FORAMINIFERA FROM THE EOCENE NEAR SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA BY Joseph A. Cushman & Marcus A. Hanna Introduction While gathering data for the geological map of the La Jolla Quadrangle, California , Foraminifera were found abundantly at one locality. Organisms belonging to this group were present elsewhere in the area but in no place were they found to be as common or as well preserved, and the collection discussed herein came entirely from one good station. The locality is in the sea-cliff about 1.85 miles north of the Scripps Institution of Oceanography and this institution is about 1.75 miles north of La Jolla. The cliff at the collecting locality is about 300 feet high and rises almost perpendicularly from the beach in some places. However, due to recent talusing and cracking, particularly during the winters of 1921-22 and 1922-23, access may be had to almost any level in the cliff. The beds at this point have a very slight regional dip to the south- east, but they are so nearly flat that a single zone may be traced for several miles in the cliffs. The dip is not constant; in certain instances it is to the north rather than to the southeast. Cross bedding is pres- ent, although not as prominent as at other points in the cliffs. In zones the section from the top of the cliff to the beach is as follows : 1. Thicknhss, 80 FEET. Fine grained limonitic stained sand, some- what massively bedded, and with fossil mollusca occurring in zones. Definite evidence of stratification was not found. Most of the fossils have been removed by solution, leaving old molds, but in some zones cementation rather than leaching has taken place. Many species of mollusks were collected from this horizon, some of the common ones being Turritella andersoni Dickerson, Turritella applini Hanna, Venericardia hornii (Gabb), etc. Most of the species of mollusks found in zone three were found here also. 'Hanna, Marcus A., Univ. Calif. Publ. Geol.. Vol. 16, No. 7, 1926, pp. 187-246, pis. 17-23, 1 map. 48 San Diego Society of Natural History 2. Thickness, 10 Feet. This is a bed of fine sand with limonite stains, and which might well be considered a part of zone three, but the sand is coarser. Its brown color is more pronounced owing to the presence of more iron oxide and downward leaching from the sands above. This sand is finer and carries more argillaceous material than that of zone one. 3. Thickness, 150 Feet. Light gray shale and very fine gray sand, in which the bedding planes may be emphasized by limonite. Numerous, hard, bluish-gray, limestone beds are scattered through; these vary in thickness from a small fraction of an inch to two or three inches. Large Mollusca are few and scattered, but smaller ones are abundant. Turritella applim Hanna is quite common. A single small lens of fine brownish sand carries Turritellct andersoni Dickerson. Foraminifera and other organisms are abundant. 4. Thickness, 10 Feet. Alternations of more or less sandy shale and sand. The sand is coarser than the sand in the zone immediately above. A few beds of calcareous nodules up to an inch in diameter are scattered through. 5. Thickness, 20 Feet. Coarse, white, fairly clean, homogeneous sand, grains mostly fairly well rounded, the largest ones being about one-fourth of an inch in diameter. A general brownish stain due to limonite may be present. These stains are approximately parallel to the bedding as far as such bedding can be distinguished. Very little fine material or mud is present. Most of the grains are of clear quartz, although some are of glassy feldspar. Both muscovite and biotite are present and to the extent of one or two per cent. A few micaceous rock fragments, smaller than the largest of the quartz grains, are included. A few shale pebbles about an inch in diameter are scattered through the lower ten feet, where a few small calcareous nodules are also present. 6. Thickness, 30 Feet. This is largely talus material sloping to the sand beach. Farther along the strike the material is a light greenish gray sandy shale. In places a reddish tinge is noticeable. The Foraminifera discussed in this paper were collected in the very fine, gray, arkosic sand of zone three. The material contains small Mollusca, ostracods, and Foraminifera in abundance and many of the fossils are megascopic, but very few large shells are present. The sand (as a rock) is soft and friable, and nearly homogeneous except for the variation due to the presence of fossils. The sand grains do not sepa- rate well in water, although pieces of the material may be readily crushed with the fingers. Most of the grains of the washed sand are clear, angular to subangular quartz, but grains of glassy feldspar are present and commonly show albite twinning. Muscovite and biotite are common minerals in the samples and of the brown and green biotite present, the latter is the most abundant. Hornblende, magnetite, pyrite, CUSHMAN dC HANNA — -FORAMINIFERA FROM THE EOCENE 49 black tourmaline, and garnets are present in small quantity. Flakes of mica are the largest fragments in the samples. Probably over half of the sand grains are less than one-tetjth of a millimeter in diameter. This horizon, the Rose Canyon shale member of the La Jolla Formation", is stratigraphically and faunally equivalent to the shales in the lower part of the exposures in Rose Canyon, which is also located in the La Jolla Quadrangle. In fact, most of the small species of mol- lusks as well as the Foraminifera, which are present at one place are present at the other. The foraminiferal faunas of the various Eocene formations of California have not been sufficiently studied as yet to warrant a definite correlation with them as the sole basis. A study of the fossil Mollusca from the San Diego locality indicated that the La Jolla formation is intermediate in age between the Meganos and Tejon formations, al- though probably more closely related to the latter than to the former. Some of the species of Foraminifera are identical with those from near Coalinga, California , but the San Diego material would seem to indicate warmer waters from the considerable number of Amphistegina and Miliolidse; these groups were not found in the Coalinga collection. In general, the San Diego material has close affinities with the Claiborne of the Gulf Coastal Plain region and the Tantoyuca forma- tion of Mexico. We are indebted to Mr. Guy L. Fleming, Custodian of Torrey Pines Preserve near La Jolla for his cooperation in the study of the geology of the La Jolla Quadrangle and for his kindly making two special trips in the winter of 1924-25 for the Foraminiferal material on which this study is based. We are also under obligations to Dr. G. Dallas Hanna, of the California Academy of Sciences, for assistance in various ways. The type mterial, herein described, has been deposited in the Museum of the San Diego Society of Natural History. Duplicates may be found in the collections of the California Academy of Sciences and Joseph A. Cushman. "Hanna, Marcus A., loc. cit. ;;Hanna, Marcus A., Univ. Calif. Publ. Geol., Vol. 15, No. 8, 1927. 4Cushman, Joseph. A. and Hanna, G. Dallas, Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci. 4th Ser., Vol. 16, 1927. 50 San Diego Society of Natural History Description of Species 1 . Textularia labiata Reuss, var. Plate 4, fig. 3. Test about twice as long as broad, somewhat compressed, espe- cially the earlier chambers, later ones inflated, sutures distinct, de- pressed; wall arenaceous with a considerable amount of cement, smoothly finished; aperture near the base of the inner face of the last- formed chamber, elongate, with a distinct raised lip. Length 0.55 mm., breadth 0.30 mm. 2. Gaudryina convexa Cushman, var. sandiegensis Cushman & M. A. Hanna, new variety. Plate 4, fig. 1. Test about twice as long as broad, compressed, early chambers triserial, that portion of the test triangular in section, later chambers biserial, the test quadrangular with the broad sides slightly convex, the other sides truncate slightly obliquely, the ventral face narrower than the dorsal; chambers distinct, three or four pairs making up the biserial portion of the test; sutures distinct, slightly depressed; wall arenaceous but with a fairly smooth exterior; aperture narrow, elongate at the base of the inner face of the last formed chamber. Length 0.65 mm.; breadth 0.40 mm.; thickness 0.25 mm. Holotype in the San Diego Society of Natural History; from the Eocene about 3.5 miles north of La Jolla, California. This species is related to Gaudryina convexa Cushman described from the Pacific but is a shorter form than the recent species and the proportion of biserial chambers less. 3. Robulus mexicanus (Cushman), var. nudicostatus (Cush- man & G. D. Hanna). Plate 4, fig. 2. Cristellaria mexicana Cushman, var. nudicostata Cushman & G. D. Hanna, Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci., vol. 16, 1927. Test differing from the typical in having the raised limbate sutures smooth instead of beaded, the portion toward the inner margin from ClJSHMAN & HANNA — FoRAMINIFERA FROM THE EOCENE 51 the middle slightly more swollen; aperture radiate with a supplementary robuline aperture below on the apertural face. Specimens of this variety, originally described from the Eocene near Coalinga, California, occur in considerable numbers in the Eocene near San Diego. This same variety occurs in the Tantoyuca formation of Mexico and is widely distributed in the Claiborne formation of the Coastal Plain region of the United States. 4. Robulus inornatus cTOrbigny Plate 4, figs. 4. 6. Robulina inomata d'ORBiGNY. Foram. Foss. Bass. Tert. Vienne, 1846, p. 102, pi. 4, figs. 25, 26. Cristellaria inomata Sherborn & Chapman, Journ. Roy. Micr. Soc, ser. 2, vol. 6, 1886, p. 754, pi. 15, figs. 27 a, b.— Cushman & G. D. Hanna. Proc. Calif. Acad. Sri., vol. 16, 1927. Test close-coiled, thick, periphery acute, six or seven chambers in the last-formed coil, chambers distinct but not inflated; sutures distinct, slightly limbate, strongly curved, flush with the surface; wall smooth, matte; aperture radiate with an elongate supplementary robuline slit just below on the triangular apertural face. There are a number of specimens of this species in the Eocene collection from San Diego. It has also been recorded from the Eocene of Coalinga, California, and from the Eocene and later Tertiary of Europe. 5. Marginulina sp.? Plate 4, fig. 5. There is a single specimen of a species with the very early chambers coiled the later ones in a rectilinear series, the sutures distinct and lim- bate. It seems related to Marginulina ensis Reuss but is not that species. It is apparently very close to a specimen figured by Heron- Allen and Earland from Selsey Bill, England, and referred by them as Marginulina glabra d'Orbigny, var. elongata d'Orbigny, but this seems to be different from the original figures of d'Orbigny. The specific determination must be left until more material is obtained. "Journ. Roy. Micr. Soc, 1910, p. 419, pi. 8, fig. 1 . 52 San Diego Society of Natural History 6. Nodosaria (Dentalina) consobrina (dOrbigny) . Plate 4, figs. 7, 8. Dentalina consobrina cTOrbigny, Foram. Foss. Bass. Tert. Vienne, 1846, p. 46. pi. 2, figs. 1-3. Test elongate, slightly curved, the chambers elliptical, somewhat constricted at the sutures, increasing in size and length as added, initial end usually with a spine; wall smooth, matte. The species has already been recorded from the Eocene of Coal- inga, California, and it occurs in the Eocene of Mexico. The specimens are easily broken, due to the constriction at the sutures. 7. Nodosaria (Dentalina) communis (cTOrbigny). Plate 4, figs. 11, 12. Dentalina communis d'ORBlGNY, Ann. Sci. Nat., vol. 7, 1826, p. 254; Mem. Soc. Geol. France, ser. 1, vol. 4, 1840, p. 13, pi. 1, fig. 4. Nodosaria communis Reuss, Verstein. Bohm. Kreide, 1845-46, p. 28, pi. 12, fig. 21. Test stout, tapering, slightly curved, initial end pointed, sometimes ending in a short spinose projection, chambers numerous, very slightly depressed at the sutures, increasing gradually in height as added; wall smooth, aperture radiate, eccentric. There are a few specimens of this species in the San Diego Eocene. It also has been recorded from the Eocene at Coalinga, California. 8. Nodosaria latejugata Gumbel Plate 5, figs. 1-3. Nodosaria latejugata Gumbel, Abhandl. Icon. hay. Alcad. Wiss. Munchen, vol. 18, 1868 (1870), p. 619, pi. 1, fig. 32.— Hantken, A. magy. Kir. foldt. int. evkon., vol. 4, 1875 (1876), p. 21. pl. 2, figs. 6 a-d.~ Cush- man, Contrib. Cushman Lab. Foram. Res., vol. 1, pt. 3, 1925, p. 66, pl. 10, fig. 7. — Cushman & G. D. Hanna, Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci., vol. 16, 1927. Nodosaria budensis Hantken, A. magy. Kir. foldt. int. evkon., vol. 4, 1875 (1876), p. 23, pl. 2, fig. 10; pl. 16, fig. 4. Test elongate, subcylindrical, initial end with a single spine; cham- "Cushman 8c G. D. Hanna, Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci., vol. 16, 1927. 'Cushman &: G. D. Hanna, Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci., vol. 16, 1927. CliSHMAN & HANNA — FoRAMINIFERA FROM THE EOCENE 53 bers distinct, slightly inflated; sutures distinct, of clear shell material, slightly depressed; surface ornamented with a few, very prominent longitudinal costae, usually eight or ten in number, continuous from initial to apertural ends, except occasionally the final chamber smooth; apertural end slightly prolonged; aperture radiate. Length of longest complete specimen, 11 mm., breadth 1 mm. This is a common species in the Upper Eocene of Europe and America. The megalospheric form is much the more common. The microspheric form is figured from the Eocene of Coalinga, California. 9. Globulina gibba cTOrbigny Plate 4, figs. 9, 10. Globulina gibba d'ORBlGNY, Ann. Sci. Nat., vol. 7, 1826, p. 267; Modeles, No. 63; Foram. Foss. Bass. Tert. Vienne, 1846, p. 227, pi. 13, figs. 13, 14. Test rounded, very slightly compressed, periphery rounded, about three chambers visible from the exterior, sutures distinct but not de- pressed; wall smooth; aperture radiate. This small species is rare in the Eocene at San Diego, although it is common in the Jackson and Claiborne Eocene of the Coastal Plain of Mexico and the United States. 10. Siphonina cf. jacksonensis Cushman & Applin Plate 5, fig. 6. There are a very few imperfectly preserved specimens which may be this species described from the Upper Eocene of Texas. 11. Epistomina eocenica Cushman & M. A. Hanna, new species. Plate 5, figs. 4, 5. Test trochoid, biconvex, periphery subacute, ventral side more con- vex than the dorsal, composed of about three coils, the adult coil having seven chambers, which are distinct due to the darker appearance of the chamber walls between the sutures which are raised and very white and "Cushman 8c G. D. Hanna, Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci., vol. 16, 1927. "Cushman 8c Applin, Bull. Amer. Assoc. Petr. Geol., vol. 10, 1926, p. 180, pi. 9, figs. 20-23. 54 San Diego Society of Natural History confluent with the raised border; aperture a narrow slit near the inner margin of the chamber on the ventral side and a supplementary one consisting of a long narrow slit, parallel to and just below the periphery on the ventral side ; sutures on the ventral side coalescing in an umbilical thickening. Diameter 0.50 mm. There are numerous species of this genus which ranges from the Jurassic to the present ocean. These have usually all been included under Pulvinulina elegans or P. partschiana, but it is evident from a study of specimens from numerous fossil formations that recognizable species can be distinguished. Epistomina eocenica has only about half as many chambers as E. helicella (Hanna) from the Eocene of Vacaville, Calif. 12. Discorbis cf. jacksonensis Cushman & Applin There are a very few poorly preserved specimens which somewhat resemble this species described from the Upper Eocene of Texas. 13. Eponides mexicana (Cushman) Plate 5, figs. 8, 9. Pulvinulina mexicana Cushman, Bull. Amer. Assoc. Petr. Geol., vol. 9, 1925, p. 300, pi. 7, figs. 7, 8. — Cushman & G. D. Hanna, Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci., vol. 16, 1927. Test unequally biconvex, dorsal side forming a low cone, ventral side only slightly biconvex, periphery subacute, subcarinate, last-formed coil with eight to ten chambers, only those of the last-formed coil visible from the ventral side, which is umbonate; sutures distinct, very slightly limbate on the dorsal side, ventrally very slightly depressed near the periphery, becoming limbate near the umbilicus, and often fusing on the inner margin and forming a ring; wall distinctly but rather finely per- forate; aperture elongate on the middle part of the inner margin of the ventral side of the last-formed chamber. This species, which is known from the Tantoyuca formation of Mexico and is common in the Claiborne Eocene of the Coastal Plain region of the United States has already been recorded from the Eocene "Cushman and Applin, Bull. Amer. Assoc. Petr. Geol., vol. 10, 1926, p. 178, pi. 9, figs. 8, 9. CUSHMAN 8C HANNA — FoRAMINIFERA FROM THE EOCENE 55 near Coalinga, California. The specimens from San Diego are very typical. 14. Anomalina coalingensis Cushman & G. D. Hanna Anomalina coalingensis Cusmman & G. D. Hanna, Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci., vol. 16, 1927. Test plano-convex, ventral side convex, dorsal side nearly flat, periphery bluntly keeled; chambers very distinct, eleven to thirteen in the last-formed coil, on the dorsal side with the border of each chamber with a distinct thickened border, the inner end round pointed and distinctly free from the preceding coil, the earlier coils forming a flat coarsely pitted disc, ventral side involute with the chambers ending in a central raised boss, the sutures slightly curved, wall coarsely perforate; aperture short at the periphery and extending slightly over onto the ventral side. This species, recently described from the Eocene near Ccalinga, California, also occurs in the Eocene of San Diego. 15. Cibicides sandiegensis Cushman & M. A. Hanna, new species. Plate 6, figs. 1, 2. Test trochoid, very much compressed, dorsal side flat, ventral side slightly convex, 10-12 or more chambers in the last-formed coil, those of the last-formed coil not completely involute on either side on the dorsal side indistinct except the last few, on the ventral side nearly all the chambers of the last-formed coil distinct, the inner margin distinct and rounded, somewhat raised, with a channel-like area just in from the periphery, sutures distinct in the last coil curved with a distinct angle on the dorsal side strongly curved and depressed on the ventral side, um- bonal and umbilical regions smooth; wall finely perforate on the ventral side, more coarsely so on the ventral; aperture peripheral and extending onto the dorsal side along the inner border of the last-formed chamber. Diameter 0.65 mm. Holotype in the San Diego Society of Natural History from the Eocene, 3.5 miles north of La Jolla, California. This species is peculiar in the large number of chambers, the very 56 San Diego Society of Natural History curved sutures, and the channel near the periphery on the ventral side. The generic name Cibicides Montfort, must take precedence over Truncatulina d'Orbigny. The test is flattened and attached by the dorsal side at least for most of its life and the aperture extends over the periphery and along the dorsal side, often separating the inner mar- gin of the last-formed chamber from the adjacent portion of the previously-formed coil. 16. Gyroidina soldanii d'Orbigny, var. octocamerata Cush' man & G. D. Hanna Plate 5, fig. 7. Gyroidina soldanii d'ORBiGNY, var. octocamerata Cushman dc G. D. Hanna, Proc. Calif. Acad. Sri., vol. 16, 1927. Test small, dorsal side flattened, ventral side much convex, com- posed of about three coils, the last formed one consisting of eight chambers, periphery broadly rounded, ventral side with the umbilical region strongly depressed; chambers distinct; sutures distinct, slightly depressed on the dorsal side somewhat oblique, on the ventral side radial; wall finely perforate, smooth and polished; aperture elongate, arched, from the periphery at least half way to the umbilicus along the ventral border of the last-formed chamber, with a very slightly de- veloped lip. A single specimen of this small variety occurred in the Eocene material from San Diego. It is widely distributed in the Upper Eocene of America. 17. Amphistegina calif ornica Cushman & M. A. Hanna, new species. Plate 6, figs. 3-5. Test comparatively large, compressed, chambers numerous, com- pletely involute, about 15-18 in the last-formed coil in the adult, sutures limbate, breaking up into beads along the inner margin, umbonal and umbilical regions with large bosses of clear shell material, sutures curved, in the adult angled; area on the ventral side near the aperture granular. Diameter up to 3 mm. CUSHMAN & HANNA — FoRAMINIFERA FROM THE EOCENE 57 Holotype in the San Diego Society of Natural History, from the Eocene, 3.5 miles north of La Jolla, California. This is a beautifully ornamented species and is common at this locality. Similar forms are widely distributed in the Upper Eocene of North and South America. 18. Nonion cf. umbilicatulus (Montagu). Plate 6, fig. 6. The specimens similar to that figured here are close to the Mon- tagu's species. Similar forms are found at Coalinga and widely distributed in the Upper Eocene of Mexico and the United States. Montfort's name Nonion should be used instead of the later Nonionina of d'Orbigny. 19. Quinqueloculina josephina d'Orbigny Plate 6, fig. 7. Quinqueloculina josephina d'ORBiGNY, Foram. Foss. Bass. Tert. Vienne, 1846, p. 297, pi. 19, figs. 25-27. Test longer than broad, chambers very distinct, the peripheral mar- gin curved, ornamented with three to five raised costae the area between very concave, sutures distinct; apertural end produced with a distinct neck, rounded in end view with a simple tooth. Length 0.80 mm. ; breadth 0.40 mm. d'Orbigny described this species from the Miocene of the Vienna Basin. The specimen here figured from the Eocene near San Diego is very close to this in all its characters. 20. Quinqueloculina triangularis d'Orbigny Plate 6, figs. 8, 9. Quinqueloculina triangularis d'ORBlGNY, Ann. Sci. Nat., vol. 7, 1826, p. 302; Foram. Foss. Bass. Tert. Vienne, 1846, p. 288, pi. 18, figs. 7-9. Test nearly as broad as long, periphery rounded in the adult, younger stages with the periphery subacute, one side of the test nearly flat, the other broadly triangular, sutures distinct, somewhat angled; apertural end not produced, aperture circular with a simple tooth tend- ing to become slightly bifid; wall matte. 58 San Diego Society of Natural History Length 0.90 mm.; breadth 0.65 mm. This species was also described by d'Orbigny from the Miocene of the Vienna Basin. 2 1 . Triloculina inornata cTOrbigny Plate 6, figs. 10, 11. Triloculina inornata d'ORBlGNY, Foram. Foss. Bass. Tert. Vienne, 1846, p. 279, pi. 17, figs. 16-18. Test nearly as broad as long, periphery broadly rounded, sutures distinct, depressed, wall smooth except for very slightly developed longitudinal broken striae only visible with a considerable magnification; apertural end not produced, obliquely truncate, aperture rounded with a simple tooth. Length 0.75 mm.; breadth 0.60 mm. The specimens from the Eocene of San Diego closely resemble those figured by d'Orbigny from the Miocene of the Vienna Basin. EXPLANATION OF PLATES 60 San Diego Society of Natural History PLATE 4 Fig. 1. Gaudrymd convexa Cushman, var. sandiegensis Cushman dC M. A. Hanna, n. var. X 80. Fig. 2. Rabulns mexicanus (Cushman), var. nudicostatus (Cushman St G. D. Hanna), X 28. Fig. 3. Textularia labiata Reuss, var. X 80. Fig. 4. Robulus mornatus d'Orbigny. Exterior, X 40. Fig. 5. Marginulina sp.? X 52. Fig. 6. Robulus mornatus d'Orbigny. Median section, X 40. Fig. 7. Nodosaria (Dentalina) consobrina (d'Orbigny) . Early chambers, X 52. Fig. 8. Nodosaria (Dentalina) consobrina (d'Orbigny) . Middle chambers, X 52. Fig. 9. Globulina gibba d'Orbigny. Apertural view, X 80. Fig. 10. Globulina gibba d'Orbigny. Front view, X 80. Figs. 11, 12. Nodosaria (Dentalina) communis (d'Orbigny), X 52. Cl'SMMAN & HANNA— FORAMINIFKRA FROM THE EOCENE Pi Mi -1 62 San Diego Society of Natural History PLATE 5 Figs. 1-3. Nodosaria latejugata Gumbel, X 24. Fig. 4. Epistomind eocenica Cushman & M. A. Hanna, n. sp. Ventral view, X 52. Fig. 5. Epistomina eocenicd Cushman & M. A. Hanna, n. sp. Dorsal view, X 52. Fig. 6. Siphonind ci. jdcksonensis Cushman & Applin, X 52. Fig. 7. Gyroidirid soldanii d'Orbigny, var. octocdinerdtd Cushman Si G. D. Hanna. Dorsal view, X 52. Fig. 8. Epomdes mexicdna (Cushman). Ventral view, X 52. Fig. 9. Epomdes mextcdtid (Cushman). Dorsal view, X 52. Cl'SHMAN 5C HANNA FORAMINIFERA FROM THE Eo( 1 N F Plate 5 64 San Diego Society of Natural History PLATE 6 Fig. 1. Cibiades sandiegensis Cushman & M. A. Hanna, n. sp. Ventral view, X 52. Fig. 2. Cibiades sandiegensis Cushman & M. A. Hanna, n. sp. Dorsal view, X 52. Figs. 3-5 Amphistegina calif omica Cushman & M. A. Hanna, n. sp. X 24. Fig. 6. Nonion cf. umbilicatulus (Montagu), X 52. Fig. 7. Quijiqueloculina josephina d'Orbigny, X 40. Figs. 8, 9. Quinqneloculina triangularis d'Orbigny, X 40. Figs. 10, 11. Triloadina inornata d'Orbigny, X 40. Cl'SMMAN & HANNA FORAMINIFERA FROM THE EOCENE I'i \ u: 6 Publications of the San Diego Society of Natural History TRANSACTIONS Vol. I, No. 1, 1905. Pp. 1-25 35 cents Life Areas of California by Frank Stephens Address on Books Relating to Geology, Mineral Resources and Palaeontology of California by A. W. Vogdes Vol. I, No. 2, 1907. Pp. 25-83 _ Not available A Bibliographical Sketch of Dr. John B. Trask by A. W. Vogdes Mollusks and Brachiopods Collected in San Diego, Calif by F. W. Kelsey Notes on the Genus Haliotis _ by Henry Hemphill The Genus Encrinurus by A. W. Vogdes Vol. I, No. 3, 1911. 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Fenn Pp. 1-351 (Privately published, 1906) $3.50 JUL 18 1927 2T,T<]r TRANSACTIONS OF THE SAN DIEGO SOCIETY OF NATURAL HISTORY Vol. V, No. 5, pp. 65-68 July 6, 1927 A NEW KANGAROO RAT AND A NEW BRUSH RABBIT FROM LOWER CALIFORNIA, MEXICO. BY Laurence M. Huey Study of the assembled material resulting from field work in northern Lower California, Mexico, by representatives of the San Diego Society of Natural History during the past three years has revealed the presence of two apparently undescribed races of mammals in the genera Dipodomys and Sylrilagus. Names proposed for them and their descriptions follow. Dipodomys merriami semipallidus, subsp. nov. Mid-peninsular Kangaroo Rat Type. — From 7 miles north of Santa Catarina, Lower California, Mexico, lat. 29° 45' north, long. 115° 10 ' west; No. 4271, Collection of the San Diego Society of Natural History; adult female; collected April 15, 1923, by Laurence M. Huey. Characters. — As compared with Dipodomys merriami parvus, its nearest relative, considerably lighter in color; hip stripe decidedly wider; ear more pointed; audital bullae more rounded. Measurements. — Type: Total length, 250; tail, 150; hind foot, 38; ear, 10. Skull (type) : Greatest length, 35.9; breadth across bullae, 22.9; spread of maxillary arches, 20.1; greatest length of nasals, 13.1; greatest width of rostrum near end, 2.8; width of maxillary arch near middle, 4.9. Remarks. — The form here described in color is nearest to D. m. 66 San Diego Society of Natural History parvus, but in cranial characters has points of resemblance to both D. m. areniragus, of the San Felipe Desert region to the northeast, and to the form hitherto known as Dipodomys platycephalus, of the Viz- caino Desert region to the south. It is the writer's belief that Dipodomys platycephalus Merriam should be known as Dipodomys merriami platycephalus. This conclusion has been reached after careful examination of two specimens from the collection of the U.S. Biological Survey, which, according to the letter of W. C. Henderson, acting chief, that accompanied them, "agree closely in color and essential characters with the type," and of 16 specimens from the mainland on the south side of Scammon Lagoon, Lower California, which are refer- able to this form. Specimens examined. — Dipodomys merriami parvus: 6 from San Bernardino, California;" 3 from four miles northwest of San Bernar- dino, California;" 5 (topotypes) from Reche Canyon, San Bernardino County, California;" 10 from Santo Domingo, Lower California, Mexico, (lat. 30 45 north, long. 115° 58 west) . Dipodomys mer- riami simiolus: 17 from La Puerta Valley, San Diego County, California; 1 from three miles north of Bard, Imperial County, Cali- fornia. Dipodomys merriami areniragus: 10 (topotypes) from San Felipe, Lower California, Mexico. Dipodomys merriami semipallidus : 1 from five miles southeast of San Fernando, Lower California, Mexico;' 1 from Onyx, Lower California, Mexico;" 6 from seven miles north of Santa Catarina, Lower California, Mexico (the type locality) . Dipodomys merriami platycephalus: 2 from Santo Domingo (Land- ing), Lower California, Mexico, (lat. 28 12' north, long. 115° 04' west) ; 16 from the mainland on the south side of Scammon Lagoon, Lower California, Mexico. 1 Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, Vol. 20, p. 76, July 22, 1907. " Specimens from the collection of Donald R. Dickey. '' Specimens from the collection of the San Diego Society of Natural History. 1 Specimens from the collection of Laurence M. Huey. '' Specimens from the U. S. Biological Survey. Huey — Two New Mammals i;rom Lower California 67 Sylvilagus bachmani howelli, subsp. nov. Inland Brush Rabbit Type. — From ten miles southeast of Alamo, Lower California, Mexico, lat. 31° 35' north, long. 116° 03' west; No. 5939, Collection of the San Diego Society of Natural History; adult female; collected December 10, 1926, by Laurence M. Huey. Characters. — As compared with Sylvilagus bachmani cinerascens, more ashy, with longer ears and, in skull characters, greater sized bullae and shorter tooth row. As compared with Sylvilagus bachmani exiguus, darker and more grayish, with longer ears, and, in skull characters, smaller molars and larger, more inflated bullae. Measurements. — Type: Total length, 305; tail, 24; hind foot, 70; ear, 80; weight, 515.2 grams. Skull {type) : Greatest length, 61.0; zygomatic breadth, 29.3; interorbital breadth, 10.5; nasals, 26.3; width at bullae, 25.7; linear diameter of bullae, 11.9. Range. — So far as is definitely known, the Sierra Juarez, and vi- cinity of Alamo, Lower California, Mexico. Probably the range of this race extends from near the International Boundary through the great inland chaparral belt (characterized by Adenostoma sparsifolium), at least to the southern extent of this belt along the western slopes of the Sierra San Pedro Martir. Rermarks. — Dr. Nelson" calls attention to the fact that specimens of Brush Rabbits from the northern part of Lower California are not typical of the race cinerascens, but he nevertheless includes them under that name. With the acquisition of a good series of Brush Rabbits from the mountainous region of northern Lower California and also a series of the race exiguus from the dryer, cactus-covered region further to the south, the inland series was found to have noticeable characters that did not obtain in either cinerascens or exiguus. While the writer thoroughly realizes the immense amount of individual variation found in the Leporidae, the divergence from the typical characters of either of the two races, cinerascens and exiguus, possessed by howelli and the It gives the writer pleasure to name this rabbit in honor of A. Brazier Howell of the U. S. Biological Survey, a mammalogist of wide reputation and a lifelong friend. 2 North American Fauna, No. 29, p. 253, August 31, 1909. 68 San Diego Society of Natural History large range assignable warrant, in his opinion, recognition of the new race. Dr. L. R. Dice records the occurrence of exiguus at Whitewater, Riverside County, California, but this the present writer believes to be erroneous. The specimen probably is an intergrade from cinerascens toward the race here named. Similarly, the writer has examined a specimen from the eastern slope of the mountains in San Diego County and finds the predominant characters still typical of cinerascens, though in color it tends toward howelli. Specimens examined. — Sylvilagus baebmani cinerascens : 2 from Palms, Los Angeles County, California; 1 from San Diego, California; 1 from Witch Creek, San Diego County, California; 1 from San Felipe Valley, San Diego County, California. Sylvilagus bachmani howelli: 1 from Laguna Hanson, Sierra Juarez, Lower California, Mexico; 16 from ten miles southeast of Alamo, Lower California, Mexico. Sylvilagus bachmani exiguus : 6 from Santo Domingo, Lower California, Mexico, (lat. 30° 45' north, long. 115° 58' west); 1 from San Quintin, Lower California, Mexico; 1 from the mouth of Canyon San Juan de Dios, Lower California, Mexico. 8 Occasional Papers of the Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, No. 166, p. 26, February 11, 1926. 1 All specimens from the collection of the San Diego Society of Natural History. AUG 8 1927 TRANSACTIONS OF THE SAN DIEGO SOCIETY OF NATURAL HISTORY Volume V, No. 6, pp. 69-82, plates 7, 8 LATE TERTIARY AND QUATERNARY ELPHIDIUMS OF THE WEST COAST OF NORTH AMERICA BY Joseph A. Cushman & U. S. Grant, IV SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA Printed for the Society July 28, 1927 <*i AUG 8 1927 TRANSACTIONS OF THE SAN DIEGO SOCIETY OF NATURAL HISTORY Volume V, No. 6, pp. 69-82, plates 7, 8 LATE TERTIARY AND QUATERNARY ELPHIDIUMS OF THE WEST COAST OF NORTH AMERICA BY Joseph A. Cushman & U. S. Grant, IV SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA Printed for the Society July 28, 1927 COMMITTEE ON PUBLICATION U. S. Grant, IV, Chairman Fred Baker Clinton G. Abbott, Editor LATE TERTIARY AND QUATERNARY ELPHIDIUMS OF THE WEST COAST OF NORTH AMERICA BY Joseph A. Cushman &: U. S. Grant, IV Introduction One of the genera of Foraminifera occurring on the West Coast of North America, both in the living fauna and in some of the late Tertiary and the Quaternary formations, is Elphidium. This paper is the result of a study of the West Coast representatives of this genus, largely contained in the Micropaleontology Collections of Leland Stan- ford Junior University, and made available by Dr. Hubert G. Schenck. Dr. G. Dallas Hanna, Curator of Paleontology, California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco, and Mr. Donald D. Hughes and Mr. Herschel L. Driver, both of Los Angeles, California, supplied additional ma- terial. Genus ELPHIDIUM Montfort, 1808. Nautilus (in part) of authors. Elphidium Montfort, Conch. Syst., vol. 1, 1808, p. 15, 4th genre (genotype Nautilus macellus Fichtel and Moll, in part) ; Cushman, Contrib. Cush- man Lab. Foram. Res., vol. 3, pt. 1, 1927, p. 49, pi. 10, fig. 5. Geophonus Montfort, Conch. Syst., vol. 1, 1808, p. 19, 5th genre (genotype Nautilus macellus Fichtel and Moll, in part) . Pclorus Montfort, Idem, p. 23, 6th genre (genotype Nautilus ambiguus Fichtel and Moll). Andromedes Montfort, Idem, p. 39, 10th genre (genotype Nautilus strtgil- latus Fichtel and Moll, in part) . Sporilus Montfort, Idem, p. 43, 11th genre (genotype Nautilus strigillatus Fichtel and Moll, in part). Themeon Montfort, Idem, p. 203, 51st genre (genotype T. rigatus Mont- fort) . Cellanthus Montfort, Idem, p. 207, 52nd genre (genotype C. craticulatus Montfort) . 72 San Diego Society of Natural History Vorticialis Lamarck, Extrait Cours Zool., 1812, p. 122, (genotype Nautilius craticulatus Fichtel and Moll) . Polystomella Lamarck 1816? Hist. Anim. sans Vert., vol. 7, 1822, p. 625 (genotype Nautilus crispus Linne) . Robulina in part, Munster, Neues Jahrb. fur Min., 1838, p. 391. Geoponus Ehrenberg, Abhandl. K. Akad. Wiss. Berlin, for 1839, (1841), p. 132 (genotype G. stella-borealis Ehrenberg). Nonionina in part, Boll, Geog. deutsch Ostseelander, 1846, p. 177. Helicozoa Moebius, Beitr. Meeres fauna Insel Mauritius, 1880, p. 103, (geno- type Nautilus craticulatus Fichtel and Moll). Discussion. — The species now referred to the genus Elphidium have usually been placed under Lamarck's genus Polystomella, but there have been several names of Montfort that antedate that of Lamarck. Of these names the first used is Elphidium Montfort', with the genotype Nautilus macellus Fichtel and Moll", a well-known species of European waters. This was selected by Cushman as the genus of Montfort to be used instead of Lamarck's Polystomella. Nautilus crispus Linne, selected by Cushman as the type of Polystomella Lamarck, and given by Montfort as a synonym of his Themeon rigatus , is an older specific name, but was based by Linne on figures of Bianche (Janus Plancus) and Gualtieri, both of which are very poor and difficult to determine clearly. Montfort's figure is, as usual, a poor wood-cut of a combina- tion in one figure of two of Fichtel and Moll's figures. Sporilus Mont- fort' has as its type Nautilus stngillatus of Fichtel and Moll, also a common European species. Elphidium, however, was selected in accord- 'Montfort, Pierre Denys de, Conchyliologie systematique, pt. 1, Paris, 1808, p. 15, 4th genre. "Fichtel, Leopold von, and Moll, Joseph Pancr. Carol von, Testacea microscopica aliaque minuta ex generibus Argonauta et Nautilus ad naturam delineata et descripta, Wien, 1798, p. 66, var. B, pi. X, figs. h-k. 'Cushman, J. A. An outline of a re-classification of the Foraminifera: Contributions from the Cushman Laboratory for Foraminiferal Research, vol. 3, pt. 1, March, 1927, page 49, pi. 10, fig. 5. 4Montfort, Idem, p. 203, 51st genre. 5Montfort, Idem, p. 43, 11th genre. Cushman & Grant — Wkst Coast Elphidiums 73 ance with the rules of Zoological Nomenclature", that, other things being equal, the first of several names of the same author should be chosen. Description of genus. — Test typically planispiral, bilaterally sym- metrical, mostly involute; chambers numerous with distinct sutures, either depressed or raised and limbate with septal bridges and depres- sions; wall calcareous, perforate; apertures one or more at the base of the apertural face. The species of this genus show a great range in form from strongly compressed and umbilicate to others that are thickened and the umbilical region filled with a large boss of clear shell material. The septal bridges may be very numerous and elongate, or few and short. The periphery may be broadly rounded, keeled, or even with long spines. West Coast Species Elphidium crispum (Linne) (?) Plate 7, figure 3. The synonymy of this species includes unrelated forms, a situation caused by the apparent confusion that exists as to the type of the species. Gualtieri's figures show a broadly rounded periphery while others show a decided keel. Some of the early figures show a depressed umbilicus, others a large boss in that region. The California specimens referred to this species may be described as follows: Test with the diameter a little more than twice the thickness, lenticular in apertural view, periphery with a sharp keel, not lobulated, greatest thickness at the umbilical region which is umbonate, filled with a large boss of clear shell-material usually with a few, six or more, distinct pores; chambers numerous, 20 or more in the last-formed whorl "International Code of Zoological Nomenclature, Rules and Recommendations; republished in Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., vol. 39, July, 1926, pp. 81, 82. 'SiLVESTRl has given a very full series of references to this species in Foraminiferi Pliocenici della provincia di Siena: Mem. Acad. Pont. Nuovi Lincei, vol. 15, 1898, p. 337. GuALTIERI, NiCOLO. Index Testarum Conchyliorum quae adservantur in Museo Nic. Gualtieri, et methodice distributae exhibentur: Fol. Florentinae, 1742, pi. 19, figs. D, A. 74 San Diego Society of Natural History in the adult; sutures raised and slightly limbate, gently curved; retral processes numerous and elongate; aperture formed by numerous small pores along the base of the apertural face with occasionally others scattered irregularly over the middle portion of the apertural face. Diameter up to 1.7 mm.; thickness up to 0.8 mm. Localities. — Specimens were available for study from Recent material from off Queen Charlotte Islands, Brittish Columbia; Mon- terey Bay, Asilomar Beach, and other coastal localities in California. Fossil representatives occur in the late Tertiary of California as follows : Pliocene of Lcmita Quarry, Palos Verdes Hills, Los Angeles County; Pliocene of Timm's Point , Los Angeles County; Pliocene of Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara County; and from the type locality of the San Diego Formation (Pliocene), Pacific Beach, San Diego County. Remarks. — The fossil specimens are similar to the Recent ones, but as a rule are somewhat smaller in size. This is the most common and most widely distributed species of the West Coast region. A representative of the species which is somewhat smaller in size and slightly thicker than the specimens mentioned above occurs in the Pleistocene of Magdalena Bay, Lower California, Mexico , and as Recent specimens from Carmen Island, Gulf of California, Mexico, where it was found to occur in shallow water (6 fathoms) and associated with specimens of Peneroplis (Dr. Fred Baker, collector). This smal- ler form (C. A. S. Plesiotype No. 2807) is figured in Plate 7, Fig. 2, and an examination of additional material may prove that it is consis- tently different from the larger form characteristically found in colder waters. ^Of this species, R. M. Bagg, Jr. has listed "one specimen from the California Miocene," U. S. Geological Survey Bull. 268, 1905, pp. 54, 55, pi. XI, fig. 4. His plate was taken from Brady in the Challenger Reports. Bagg also lists this species from the Pliocene of San Pedro and the Pleistocene of Santa Barbara, American Geologist, vol. 35, No. 2, Feb. 1905, pp. 123, 124; U. S. Geological Survey Bull. 513, 1912, pp. 90, 91, pi. XXVII, figs. 13-20, pi. XXVIII, figs. 1-6. 10The geology and paleontology of the San Pedro region was described by Ralph Arnold in "Paleontology and Stratigraphy of the Marine Pliocene and Pleistocene of San Pedro, California," Memoirs, California Academy of Sciences, vol. Ill, 1903, pp. 11-47. "The molluscan faunas from this region, and their correlation, have been discussed by Eric Knight Jordan, in "Quaternary and Recent Molluscan Faunas of the West Coast of Lower California." Bull. Southern Calif. Acad. Sci., vol. XXIII, part 5, 1924, pp. 145-164. Cushman & Grant— West Coast Elphidiums 75 Elphidium hughesi Cushman and Grant, n.sp. Plate 7, figure 1. Description. — Test rather small, periphery broadly rounded throughout, increasingly so in the last chambers, the diameter about 21/2 times the thickness; umbilical region slightly depressed, typically with a series of irregular flattened areas formed by the cut-off ends of the pointed inner ends of the chambers with depressions between; chambers as many as fourteen in the last-formed coil, usually less than twelve, the last few inflated and the periphery lobulated, earlier ones not inflated and the periphery entire; sutures very distinct, the later ones strongly depressed, slightly curving toward the periphery, retral processes few and short; wall fairly thick, very finely perforate; aperture a series of small rounded openings at the base of the apertural face, none in the face itself. Diameter, 0.60-0.70 mm.; thickness, 0.25-0.30 mm. Holotype. — No. 412, Invert. Coll. Leland Stanford Junior Univer- sity, California. Locality: 201, L. S. J. U., Pine Valley, Monterey County, California, N. y2 Sec. 12, Township 21 South, Range 10 East, Mount Diablo Base and Meridian. Collectors: Messrs. W. D. Klein- pell and Chester Cassel. Paratypes: In Cushman collection, U. S. National Museum, and Museum of San Diego Society of Natural History. Horizon : Poncho Rico formation, Lower Pliocene (Upper Miocene?) ". Remarks. — This interesting species, which seems to be common at the type locality, resembles in some ways specimens that have been referred to Polystomella striato-punctata by some authors, but it may be readily separated from that species. A similar form, figured in Plate 7, figure 5, occurs in the Etche- goin (Lower Pliocene) of the San Joaquin Valley, but the last-formed '"Reed, R. D., The Post-Monterey Disturbance in Salinas Valley, Calif.: Journ. Geol., vol. XXXIII, No. 6, 1925, p. 591. '"Discussions of the character and stratigraphic relations of the Etchegoin are contained in the following papers: Arnold, Ralph, Paleontology of the Coalinga District, California: U. S. Geological Survey Bull. 396, 1909, pp. 22-45. Arnold, Ralph, and Anderson, Robert, Geology and Oil Resources of the Coalinga District, Californ.a: U. S. Geological Survey Bull. 398, 1910, pp. 96-140. Anderson, Robert, and Pack, R. W.. Geology and Oil Resources of the West Border of San Joaquin Valley north of Coalinga, California: U. S. Geological Survey Bull. 603, 1915. Nomland, Jorgen O, The Etchegoin Pliocene of Middle California: Univ. Calif. Publ. Bull. Dept. Gcol., vol. 10, No. 14, pp. 191-254, April 19, 1917. 76 San Diego Society of Natural History chambers are not so inflated, the test is thinner, and the perforations more conspicuous, facts that suggest that this may perhaps be a more brackish water form. Specimens very similar to this last occur in the Fernando formation (Lower Pliocene) of Schumann's Cut, on the Southern Pacific Railroad, 21/~> miles northeast of Casmalia, Casmalia Hills, Santa Barbara County, California , and from the type locality of the Merced formation (Pliocene) at Seven Mile Beach, \]/^ miles north of Mussel Rock, San Mateo County, California , (H. G. Schenck, collector) . Still another variety of this species is illustrated in Plate 7, figure 4. This is a smaller but thicker form with a more rounded periphery, the shell wall thin and very conspicuously perforated. It was collected from the type locality of the Purisima formation (Pliocene) in the bed of Purisima Creek, San Mateo County, California, by Mr. Hoyt Rodney Gale. This same variety occurs in well samples received from Dr. G. Dallas Hanna, from Pacific Oil Company (now Standard Oil Co. of California) Well No. 89, Sec. 35, T. 30 S., R. 24 E., M.D.M., Elk Hills Oil Field, Kern Co., California, (depth 2845 feet), and Pacific Oil Company (now Standard Oil Company of California) Well No. 35, Sec. 25, T. 31 S., R. 23 E., M.D.M., Sunset-Midway Oil Field, Kern Co., California, (depth 3011 feet), both from the Etchegoin (Pliocene) . That this species does not occur higher than Middle Pliocene seems likely. 14The Fernando of this district is described in the following bulletin: Arnold, Ralph, and Anderson, Robert, Geology and Oil Resources of the Santa Maria Oil District: U. S. Geol. Survey Bull. No. 322, pp. 52-60, 1907. loThe type locality of the Merced formation is described by A. C. Lawson, in Post- Pliocene Diastrophism of the Coast of California: Univ. Calif. Publ. Bull. Dept. Geol., vol. 1, 1893, and by Bruce Martin, in The Pliocene of Middle and Northern California: idem, vol. 9, No. 15, 1916. Consult also U. S. Geological Survey Folio No. 193, 1914 (San Mateo Quadrangle). 1GThe type locality of the Purisima formation is described by H. L. Haehl and Ralph Arnold, in The Miocene Diabase of the Santa Cruz Mountains in San Mateo County, California: Proc. Am. Philos. Soc. vol. 43, No. 175, 1904. Consult also U. S. Geological Survey Folio No. 163, 1909 (Santa Cruz Quadrangle). ]'Dr. G. Dallas Hanna, in a personal communication to the junior author, June 13, 1927, states the following: Well No. 89 was drilled in 1925, and the samples from it were studied May 6, 1925, by myself. The sample at 2845 feet from which the Elphidium was obtained was an andover green clay shale containing numerous fish scales. The stratigraphic position is the extreme upper part of the Etchegoin Pliocene. Freshwater Tulare beds occur above this depth at 2835 feet and below at 2989 feet. Thus, this is one of the Cushman &. Grant — West Coast Elphidiums 77 Elphidium striato-punctatum (Fichtel and Moll) (?) Plate 7, figure 6 A small specimen from the type locality of the Merced formation (Pliocene) at Seven Mile Beach, San Mateo County, California, may be referred questionably to this species. The specimens, however, are few in number and larger collections may reveal other characteristics. The test is small, only about 0.40 mm. in diameter, with the diameter about 21/2 times the thickness. The last-formed coil is divided into 10 or 11 chambers. The sutures are nearly radial or very slightly curved, slightly depressed with a very neat uniform row of rounded deep pores. The periphery is broadly rounded. In the umbilical region there is no distinctive marking. Specimens referable to this species were not found in the available material from other localities. Elphidium hannai Cushman and Grant, n.sp. Plate 8, figure 1. Description. — Test of medium size, the diameter about twice the thickness, periphery rounded but not broad, umbilical region flattened or very slightly concave, rarely slightly convex; chambers distinct, about 15 in the last-formed coil, not inflated; sutures very distinct, limbate, flush with the surface, with a line of very fine pores, sometimes irregu- larly doubled, continuing to the very center of the umbilical region, the sutures appearing as darker curved lines on the lighter mass of the thick but very finely perforate wall; aperture consisting of a series of very fine pores along the base of the apertural face and numerous others scattered irregularly all over the outer wall making up the apertural face. Diameter 1 mm.; thickness 0.50 mm. marine or brackish water phases which alternated with freshwater at the close of Etchegoin time in that region. The species described above is the most common of the foraminifera in those strata and is used very extensively by the oil companies to distinguish the marine or brackish water beds from the freshwater ./I wmco/a-bearing strata of the Tulare. Well No. 35 was drilled in 1923, and the samples studied on November 20, 1923, by myself. The set of samples was not sufficient to reconstruct completely the section, but it is known that fresh-water (Tulare) beds occurred at 2940 feet and marine or brackish-water beds (Etchegoin) at 2949 feet. Presumably, the latter continued downward without further alternation with fresh-water strata to the depth where the Elphidium was encountered. At 3032 feet, or twenty-one feet below the Elphidium- stratum, samples of well-known Etchegoin species of Mytilus and Pecten were obtained. 78 San Diego Society of Natural History Holotype— No. 2808 Mus. Calif. Acad. Sci. Locality: 15 miles south of the Farallon Islands, California, dredged in 40 fathoms . Horizon : Recent. Remarks. — This species is allied to Elpbidium sibiricum (Goes) and less closely to Elpbidium arcticum (Parker and Jones), and evi- dently belongs to this cold water group with limbate sutures and double series of pores. The surface of the new species is nearly smooth and has the appearance of a Nonion at first glance, but eroded specimens clearly show the Elpbidium characteristics. A slightly smaller variety occurs in the Pliocene of California, but the general characteristics are very close to the living representatives. Fossils referred to this species have been collected from the following localities: From the Saugus (Pliocene) formation , in a canyon ap- proximately 2165 feet northward from the intersection of Kalorama and Poli Streets, city of Ventura, Ventura County, Calif. (H. L. Driver, collector); type locality of Merced formation (Pliocene), San Mateo County, Calif. (H. G. Schenck, collector) ; and from the Pleistocene of Point Ano Nuevo, San Mateo County, Calif. Other specimens from the Merced formation at Seven Mile Beach, San Mateo County, but apparently higher stratigraphically than those collected by Dr. Schenck, were obtained by Mr. David L. Evans. These have more chambers than those just discussed and are also some- what larger. The pores of the sutures are very indistinct. They seem to be intermediate between the Recent and fossil representatives of the species. lsThe material from which this species was selected came from scrapings taken from a large reck brought up in a fisherman's net at the place indicated in 1924. The rock was turned over to the Steinhart Aquarium of the California Academy of Sciences and in addition to many species of foraminifers numerous small mollusca and some corals were found. 19The Pliocene of the Ventura Quadrangle was subdivided by the Stanford Geological Survey in 1926, into the Lower Pico, Upper Pico clay, and the Saugus. These forma- tions have been designated by earlier writers as the Fernando formation, but the term Fernando was used by W. S. W. Kew, as a group name to include Pico and Saugus; cf. Kew, Geology and Oil Resources of a part of Los Angeles and Ventura counties. California: U. S. Geol. Survey Bull. No. 753, pp. 69-89, 1924. Cushman & Grant — West Coast Elphidiums 79 Elphidium oregonense Cushman and Grant, n.sp. Plate 8, figure 3. Description. — Test comparatively large, complanate, compressed, periphery rounded, umbilical region strongly umbonate with a rounded boss of clear shell material with several large pores; chambers numerous, 20 or more in the adult, slightly inflated; sutures curved, depressed ex- cept toward the periphery where they are indistinct, pores numerous, rounded, except toward the periphery where they become elongate; wall thick; aperture consisting of a low broad opening at the base of the apertural face with circular pores on the middle portion of the lower half of the flattened wall of the apertural face. Length up to 1.8 mm.; breadth 0.60 mm. Holotype.—No. 2809, Mus. Calif. Acad. Sci. Locality: 15, Cal. Acad. Sci. Unconsolidated gray sand from upper portion of sea cliff near the mouth of Elk River; 3 miles southeast of Cape Blanco, Curry County, Oregon" . Collector : Bruce Martin. Horizon : Pleistocene. Remarks. — This large and striking species is unlike any of the others studied. It suggests, in many ways, Elphidium sibiricum (Goes) but the new species is strongly umbonate and the pores are not typically in double lines. 20For detailed descriptions and discussions of the geology, consult the following papers: Diller, J. S. Topographic development of the Klamath Mountains: U. S. Geol. Survey, Bull. 196, pp. 30-31, 1902. Arnold, Ralph, and Hannibal, Harold, The Marine Tertiary Stratigraphy of the North Pacific Coast of America: Proc. Am. Philos. Soc, vol. LII, pp. 595-598, 1913. Martin, Bruce, The Pliocene of Middle and Northern California: Univ. Calif. Publ. Bull. Dept. Geol., vol. 9, No. 15, pp. 245-247, Feb. 29, 1916. Smith, James Perrin, Climatic Relations of the Tertiary and Quaternary Faunas of the California Region: Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci., 4th Series, vol. IX, No. 4, p. 138, 1919. Smith, Warren D., and Packard, Earl L., The Salient Features of the Geology of Oregon: Jour. Geol., vol. XXVII, No. 2, p. 100, 1919. 80 San Diego Society of Natural History PLATE 7 Fig. 1. Elphidium hughesi Cushman and Grant, n. sp. X 40. Holotype No. 412, L. S. J. U. From Pine Valley, Monterey County, California. Pliocene, a. side view. b. peripheral view. Fig. 2. Elphidium crispum (Linne) var. X 40. Plesiotype No. 2807, Calif. Acad. Sci. From Carmen Island, Mexico. Recent, a. side view. b. peripheral view. Fig. 3. Elphidium crispum (Linne) (?) X 40. From Queen Charlotte Islands, British Columbia. Recent. a. side view. b. peripheral view. Fig 4. Elphidium hughesi Cushman and Grant, n. sp. var. X 40. From Purisima Creek, San Mateo County, California. Puri- sima formation, Pliocene, a. side view. b. peripheral view. Fig. 5. Elphidium hughesi Cushman and Grant, n. sp. var. X 40. From San Joaquin Valley, California. Etchegoin Pliocene. a. side view. b. peripheral view. Fig. 6. Elphidium striato-punctatum (Fichtel and Moll) (?) X 40. From Seven Mile Beach, San Mateo County, California. Mer- ced formation, Pliocene, a. side view. b. peripheral view. Cushman &c Grant — West Coast Elphidiwms Plait: 7 82 San Diego Society of Natural History PLATE 8 Fig. 1. Elphidium hannai Cushman and Grant, n. sp. X 40. Holotype No. 2808, Calif. Acad. Sci. From fifteen miles south of the Farallon Islands, California. Recent. a. side view. b. peripheral view. Fig. 2. Elphidium hannai Cushman and Grant, n. sp. var. X 40. From the Pliocene of California. a. side view. b. peripheral view. Fig. 3. Elphidium oregonense Cushman and Grant, n. sp. X 40. Holotype No. 2809, Calif. Acad. Sci. From Cape Blanco, Curry County, Oregon. Pleistocene. a. side view. b. peripheral view. Cushman & Grant — West Coast Elphidiums Pi.ati; 8 Publications of the San Diego Society of Natural History TRANSACTIONS Vol. I, No. 1, 1905. Pp. 1-25 35 cents Life Areas of California by Frank Stephens Address on Books Relating to Geology, Mineral Resources and Palaeontology of California by A. W. 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Pp. 69-82, plates 7, 8 25 cents Late Tertiary and Quaternary Elphidiums of the West Coast of North America by Joseph A. Cushman and U. S. Grant, IV. OTHER PUBLICATIONS Natural History Museum Bulletin, issued monthly, from October to May. Free Annual Report of the San Diego Society of Natural History for the years 1923, 1924, 1925, and 1926 Each 25 cents History of the San Diego Society of Natural History, 1874-1924, Pp. 1-24, by Carroll DeWilton Scott. Not available California Mammals, by Frank Stephens, illustrated by W. J. Fenn Pp. 1-351 (Privately published, 1906) $3.50 OCT 24 1927 Us 1^ TRANSACTIONS OF THE SAN DIEGO SOCIETY OF NATURAL HISTORY Vol. V, No. 7, pp. 83-86 October 10, 1927 A NEW LOUISIANA HERON AND A NEW ROUND-TAILED GROUND SQUIRREL FROM LOWER CALIFORNIA, MEXICO BY Laurence M. Huey Among some of the more recent specimens secured in Lower California by representatives of the San Diego Society of Natural History, which, under special permit from the Mexican government, has been conducting field work in that territory for several years, are a series of breeding Louisiana herons and a series of round-tailed ground squirrels that are markedly different from the forms hitherto known. Proposed new names for them, together with their descriptions, and supplementary remarks, are here presented. Hydranassa tricolor occidentalis, subsp. nov. Western Louisiana Heron Type. — From Scammon Lagoon, Lower California, Mexico, lat. 28 04' north, long. 114° 05' west; no. 10644, collection of the San Diego Society of Natural History; male, breeding; collected by Laurence M. Huey, skinned by George G. Cantwell, on May 25, 1926. Subspecific Characters. — Similar to Hydranassa tricolor ruficollis (Gosse), but has larger wing, tarsus, middle toe and beak; also, the neck has a much greater area of purplish maroon, which extends from the occipital region down the full length of the neck on either side. Measurements. — H. t. occidentalis: Averages and extremes of nine adult breeding males (including the type): wing, 268.5 (258.0-281.0) ; tail, 86.2 (82.1-90.0); tarsus, 100.7 (94.1-105.9); middle toe, 69.6 (64.7-72.9); culmen, 104.2 (97.3-107.8) . Averages and extremes of six females (including one sub-adult): wing, 253.0 (245.0-265.0) ; tail, 81. 6 (78.8-85.4) ; tarsus, 92.9 (91.2- 84 San Diego Society of Natural History 97.8); middle toe, 65.6 (64.5-66.5) ; culmen, 98.6 (97.4-99.8). H. t. ruficollis Averages and extremes of seventeen adult males: wing, 259.3 (247.0-268.0) tail, 87.3 (81.3-90.5); tarsus, 98.3 (94.1-100.6) ; middle toe, 67.3 (64.3-71.6) culmen, (16 specimens), 99.0 (95.2-102.3). Averages and extremes of five adult females: wing, 250.0 (238.0-264.0); tail, 81.6 (76.1-86.4); tarsus, 90.9 (85.0-97.4); middle toe, 64.1 (61.5-69.1); culmen, 93.6 (90.0-97.4). Range. — So far as is known, this subspecies occupies the peninsula of Lower California, though examination of further specimens will probably prove that the breeding birds of the northwestern coast of Mexico belong to this race. Birds referable to this form have been taken as far north in winter as San Diego Bay, California. Specimens examined. — H. t. occidentals : 1 from Sweetwater Slough, San Diego Bay, California;1 1 from La Punta, San Diego Bay, California;" 5 from Scammon Lagoon, Lower California,, Mexico;1 6 from Pond Lagoon, Lower California, Mexico;1 2 from San Ignacio Lagoon, Lower California, Mexico.1 H. t. ruficollis :'i 1 from Frogmore, South Carolina; 3 from Miami, Florida; 4 from Smyrna, Florida; 1 from Oak Lodge, Florida; 2 from Merritts Is., Florida; 2 from Enterprise, Florida; 1 from Big Marco, Florida; 1 from Allen Creek, Florida; 1 from Suwanee River, Florida; 1 from Julienton, Georgia; 1 from Point Isabel, Texas; 1 from Matamoras, Mexico (near southeastern border of Texas) ; 1 from San Bias, Mexico (west coast) ; 2 from Preston, Cuba. The specimens of ruficollis were practically all taken in the months of February, March and April, and those of occidentalis in April and May. The series were thus comparable, especially in view of the later nesting season in the west. Remarks. — The specimens examined, when placed in a series beginning with those from the furthest east (Cuba) and ending with those from the furthest west (Lower California) show a gradual increase in size of bill, toes and tarsus and a brighter and more purple neck toward the west. However, the single bird available for examination from the west coast of Mexico (San Bias) conforms to the characters of H. t. ruficollis more nearly than it does to the form here described. Acknowledgments. — The writer is indebted to Mr. Outram Bangs of the Museum of Comparative Zoology for the loan of specimens of H. t. ruficollis, which have made this diagnosis possible. 1 Specimens in collection of San Diego Society of Natural History. 2Specimen in collection of Laurence M. Huey. sSpecimens in collection of Museum of Comparative Zoology. Huey — New Heron and Squirrel from Lower California 85 Citellus tereticaudus apricus, subsp. nov. Trinidad Valley Round-tailed Ground Squirrel Type. — From Valle de la Trinidad, Lower California, Mexico, lat. 31° 20' north, long. 115° 40' west; no. 6308, collection of the San Diego Society of Natural History; adult male; collected by Laurence M. Huey, July 13, 1927. Color. — Closely resembling that of Citellus tereticaudus rociferans," but uniformly darker on the face and less grizzled dorsally. The younger animals of the form here described are darker, being more brownish than the young animals of either Citellus tereticaudus tereticaudus or Citellus tereticaudus rociferans. Cranial Characters. — The skull of C. t. apricus shows marked contrast to that of either C. t. tereticaudus or C. t. rociferans. The tooth row is a great deal longer, the audital bullae much more inflated, and the interpterygoid notch wider and deeper. The brain case is also deeper and wider than in either of the other two mentioned races. Measurements. — Type: Total length, 252; tail vertebrae, 93; hind foot 38; weight in grams, 123.0. Averages and extremes of seven adults and three sub-adults: Length, 244.4 (240-260); tail, 90.3 (83-98); hind foot, 37.0 (35-39); weight, 133.5 (101.0-191.0). Skull (type): Condylo-basal length, 38.0; zygomatic breadth, 23.5; length of tooth row, 8.1; depth of interpterygoid notch, 8.1. Range. — Known only from the type locality, Valle de la Trinidad, Lower California, Mexico. Specimens examined. — Citellus tereticaudus tereticaudus* : 10 from Bard, Imperial County, California, 7 miles north of Old Fort Yuma, California (type locality) , and about as near the type locality as specimens can be obtained nowadays; 8 from La Puerta Valley, San Diego County, California; 2 from Harper's Well, Imperial County, California, west side of the Colorado Desert; 1 from Fish Springs, Imperial County, California. Citellus tereticau- dus chlorus: 3 from Whitewater Ranch, Riverside County, California; 2 from Palm Springs, Riverside County, California (type locality) . Citellus tereticau- dus rociferans: 25 from San Felipe, Lower California, Mexico (type locality); 1 from 20 miles north of San Felipe, Lower California, Mexico. Citellus tereticaudus apricus: 55 from Valle de la Trinidad, Lower California, Mexico (type locality) . Remarks. — The finding of a Citellus tereticaudus in Valle de la Trinidad was totally unexpected and for the first time established the presence of a mem- * Apricus, Lat. "that loves to be in the sun." 5Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, vol. 39, pp. 29-30, July 30, 1926. SA11 specimens in collection of San Diego Society of Natural History. 86 San Diego Society of Natural History ber of this desert group of squirrels on the Pacific slope. Valle de la Trinidad is a narrow valley, approximately eighteen miles long by four miles wide, lying in an east to west direction. Its upper end, at an elevation of about 3200 feet, forms San Matias pass, which is the division between Sierra Juarez (called also Sierra del Pinal) on the north and Sierra San Pedro Martir on the south. The lower, western, end of Valle de la Trinidad is about 2500 feet in elevation. In physical characters, the valley is, in places, typical desert, marked by the conspicuous plants found on the deserts east of the dividing mountain ranges, for example, creosote bush (Larrea tridentata var. glutinosa) , desert willow (Chilopsis linearis), honey mesquite (Prosopis juliflora var. glandulosa) and catclaw (Acacia greggn) . Unquestionably this valley illustrates the best exam- ple of "spilling over" of desert influence into the more humid coastal belt to be found in Lower California, if not in the whole of the southwest. Citellus tereticaudus apricus was found to be essentially diurnal, being active from sunrise to sunset in Valle de la Trinidad at the time of the writer's visit in July. Its numbers were extraordinarily great, the animals fairly swarming in the hotter, central parts of the valley. However, they were not so much in evidence during the extreme heat of the hottest days; but, on days when the breeze blew from the ocean, even though the sun was shining warmly, they were busy all day long. The habitat of the present form has the advantage of being at a higher elevation and under more temperate conditions than that of the California forms of round-tailed ground squirrels, whose habits are so well described by Grinnell 8C Dixon in their "Natural History of the Ground Squirrels of California."7 The Trinidad Valley Round-tailed Ground Squirrel was fairly active in trees. Near the writer's camp were several good-sized mesquites, which held an abundant crop of mesquite beans. These beans are contained in slender pods, eight to ten inches long, which grow, in clusters of a dozen or more, at the ends of slender twigs on the upper branches of the trees. To these branches, even though some of them were over fifteen feet above the ground, the squirrels readily climbed and cut the twigs holding the pod clusters, allowing them to fall to the ground. They would then collect them and either carry them to the mouths of their burrows or take them into the shade near the trunks of the trees for shelling. When alarmed in the branches, the squirrels would quickly scramble to the ground and hurry to their burrows for safety. The younger animals, although very shy, were unusually playful, and, when not suspecting the presence of a human observer, would gather in small groups, at times numbering six individuals or so, and frolic in the most enter- taining manner, sometimes for as long as half an hour at a time. 7Monthly Bull. State Comm. of Horticulture, 1918, vii, nos. 11-12, pp. 597-708. MAR | 3 1928 i TRANSACTIONS OF THE SAN DIEGO SOCIETY OF NATURAL HISTORY Vol. V, No. 8, pp. 87-90 January 18, 1928 A NEW SILKY POCKET MOUSE AND A NEW POCKET GOPHER FROM LOWER CALIFORNIA, MEXICO BY Laurence M. Huey In the collections made for the San Diego Society of Natural His- tory in Lower California during the past several years by the writer, two apparently unnamed forms of mammals have been revealed through recent study, whose descriptions, with proposed names, follow : Perognathus longimembris aestivus, subsp. nov. San Rafael Valley Pocket Mouse Type.— From Sangre de Cristo in Valle San Rafael on the western base of the Sierra Juarez, Lower California, Mexico (upper Sonoran zone), lat. 31° 52' north, long. 1163 06' west; no. 6110, collection of the San Diego Society of Natural History; adult male; collected by Laurence M. Huey, June 20, 1927. Characters. — As compared with Perognathus longimembris panamintinus , its nearest named relative, the form here described is slightly brighter in color with less black-tipped hairs dorsally. The pearl grey of the base of the pelage extends well down the back toward the rump. This character is variable, how- ever, and, in some cases, covers the entire back. The most prominent characters of this form are cranial, contrasting sharply with the corresponding characters of other members of the longimembris group. The mastoid bullae are large and inflated, giving a much greater width to the skull posteriorly and compressing the interparietal into an almost equal-sided pentagon. The auditory bullae are also larger and give the skull a deeper appearance. Measurements. — Type: Total length, 135; tail, 71; hind foot, 17; ear, 5; 1 Aestivus, Latin "pertaining to, or active in, summer.' 88 San Diego Society of Natural History weight in grams, 8.7. Skull {type) : Greatest length, 22.0; width across bullae, 13.2; interorbital constriction, 5.4; nasals, 8.0; tooth row, 2.8. Range. — Known in typical form only from the type locality. Remarks. — On July 2, 1927, the writer caught an adult small silky pocket mouse in Valle de la Trinidad, Lower California, Mexico (lat. 31° 20' north, long. 115° 40 west). This specimen, and three immatures, were the only silky pocket mice secured during twenty-three nights of trapping, when from 65 to 90 traps were set each night. The adult animal, no. 6208 in the collection of the San Diego Society of Natural History, is not typical of the race here described, but is nearer to it than to P. I. panamintinus and must therefore, for the present, carry the name here given. The accession of a suitable series of Perognathus of the longhnembris group from Valle de la Trinidad or the region along the eastern base of the Sierra Juarez or the Sierra San Pedro Martir may reveal the presence of another undescribed silky pocket mouse. Nelson and Goldman in 1905 collected one specimen of a small silky pocket mouse in Valle de la Trinidad, which Osgood" provisionally identifies as Perognathus bombycinus. This specimen is believed by the writer to be the same form as that which he took in Valle de la Trinidad in 1927, and it is his opinion that P. bombycinus does not exist in Valle de la Trinidad. Specimens examined. — Perognathus bombycinus: 2 from 6 miles east of Yuma, Arizona (type locality) ; 2 from 3 miles west of Pilot Knob, Imperial County, California; 3 from San Felipe, Lower California, Mexico. Perognathus longimembris bangsi: 3 from Palm Springs, Riverside County, California (type locality) ; 2 from Whitewater Ranch, Riverside County, California; 1 from San Felipe Narrows, San Diego County, California"; 2 from 10 miles east of Borego Spring, San Diego County, California"; 2 from below Borego Spring, San Diego County, California'. Perognathus longimembris panamintinus: 50 from Cabazon, Riverside County, Calif orniaJ; 19 from La Puerta Valley, San Diego County, California'; 1 from San Felipe Valley, San Diego County, California'. Perognathus longimembris brevinasus: 2 from San Bernardino, 2Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, Vol. 20, p. 20, February 23, 1907. ''Perognathus of the longimembris group from this locality were named P. I. arenicola by Stephens (Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, Vol. 13, p. 153, June 13, 1900). Grinnell (Calif. Acad, of Sciences, 4th series, Vol. 3, p. 329, August 28, 1913) placed this name in synonymy under P. I. bangsi without comment. With this conclusion the present writer agrees, as he finds the specimens from San Diego County, listed above, and those from Palm Springs, Riverside County, alike in all characters. 'There seems to be a slight difference between the specimens occupying the higher eastern slopes of the mountains and those inhabiting the valleys on the western slopes of the range. The effect of humidity and altitude no doubt causes this divergence. The writer therefore recognizes the form P. I. brevinasus from the western slopes only, on the basis of the few specimens he has examined, and extends the range of P. I. panamintinus south along the eastern slopes of the Coast Range to the International Boundary. When more material can be assembled, however, especially from the Mojave Desert region, these views may be changed, and the small Perognathus living on the higher eastern slopes of the Coast Range may be worthy of a new name. Huey — New Mouse and Gopher from Lower California 89 California; 1 from Aguanga, Riverside County, California. Perognathus longimembris aestivus: 9 adults and 6 immatures from Sangre de Cristo, Lower California, Mexico ( type locality); 1 adult and 3 immatures from Valle de la Trinidad, Lower California, Mexico. Thomomys bottae abbotti, subsp. nov. El Rosario Pockkt Gopher Type. — From 1 mile east of El Rosario, Lower California, Mexico (river- bottom association), lat. 30 03' north, long. 115° 48' west; no. 4781, collection of the San Diego Society of Natural History; adult male; collected by Laurence M. Huey, May 10, 1925. Characters. — Similar in general coloration to Thomomys bottae martirensis (see "Remarks"), but distinctly paler ochraceous brown, instead of the duller and darker ochraceous brown of T. b. martirensis, with scarcely any darkening along the dorsal line of the back and rump, so common in that form; auricular spot dusky black in color and much reduced. Flanks, and underparts generally, ochraceous buffy and much paler than in specimens of T. b. martirensis, which have ochraceous underparts. Size larger than T. b. martirensis, with larger, heavier skull, the rostrum proportionately larger and zygomatic arches more abruptly outstanding and wider anteriorly. Measurements. — Type: Total length, 250; tail, 78; hind foot, 31; ear, 5. Skull {type) : Greatest length, 43.8; spread of maxillary arches, 27.0; greatest length of nasals, 15.2; interorbital constriction, 6.1; aveolar length of upper molar series, 9.8. Range. — So far as known, the vicinity of El Rosario, Lower California, Mexico. Remarks. — There seems to be uncertainty in the status of the gophers inhabiting the summit plateau of the Sierra San Pedro Martir, and the con- clusions reached by Bailey6 in his "Revision of the Pocket Gophers of the Genus Thomomys" bear out this statement. It was the present writer's good fortune to be in the company of Mr. A. W. Anthony, during June, 1923, on a collecting trip to this region, and he collected a series of Thomomys from the exact locality in which Anthony had taken the type of Thomomys martirensis during May, 1893, namely La Grulla Meadows. A subsequent trip by the present writer has brought the available series from that locality up to 21 specimens. The gophers collected by Nelson and Goldman in 1905 from "It gives the writer pleasure to name this gopher in honor of Mr. Clinton Gilbert Abbott, Director of the Natural History Museum of San Diego, California, whose friendly assistance and helpful suggestions have been instrumental in furthering the writer's work in Lower California. "North American Fauna, No. 39, pp. 57, 58, Nov. 15, 1915. 90 San Diego Society of Natural History "La Grulla," Sierra San Pedro Martir, were called Tbomomys bottae nigricans by Bailey". With this identification the present writer disagrees, as a series of 28 specimens of topotype T. b. nigricans from Witch Creek, San Diego County, Californai, fail to compare, in his estimation, with specimens from La Grulla, Sierra San Pedro Martir. However, the present writer does consider that specimens from the La Grulla locality belong to the bottae group. In this connection, it may be well to point out an apparent discrepancy in regard to the identity of "La Grulla" and its elevation. Bailey' quotes Anthony, giving the altitude of La Grulla Meadows as 8200 feet. This figure the present writer believes to be erroneous. La Grulla Meadows comprise a series of irregular mountain parks about five miles in length, which lie in an east to west direction. The highest point of elevation is reached at the eastern end, where Anthony took his type of T. martirensis, and has been found to be very close to 7200 feet. The careful altitudinal records made by Nelson and Goldman place La Grulla at 7000 feet. Their reading was made near the western end of this chain of parks and is correct. In short, the present writer regards "La Grulla" and "La Grulla Meadows" to be virtually the same locality. With the above data at hand, the writer believes that gophers from any part of the La Grulla meadows should be called Tbomomys bottae martirensis. In fact, a careful study of specimens from points in a direct line westward* to the sea coast fail to disclose any tangible character worthy of subspecific separation from the mountain form; hence they must all be known as T. b. martirensis. The series, numbering 47 specimens, available from this "strip," ranging in altitude from sea level to 7200 feet, stands out in marked contrast with the series of 17 specimens from El Rosario, to the south, which forms the basis of the race here described. Specimens examined. — Tbomomys bottae martirensis: 21 from La Grulla, Sierra San Pedro Martir, Lower California, Mexico (type locality) ; 5 from 2 miles south of La Joya, Valledares Creek, Sierra San Pedro Martir, Lower California, Mexico; 6 from Las Cabras, Lower California, Mexico; 15 from Santo Domingo, Lower California, Mexico. Tbomomys bottae nigricans: 28 from Witch Creek, San Diego County, California (type locality) ; 6 from Laguna Mountains, San Diego County, California. Tbomomys bottae bottae: 10 from Monterey, California (type locality) ; 1 from Burlingame, San Mateo County, California. Tbomomys bottae abbotti: 17 from 1 mile east of El Rosario, Lower California, Mexico (type locality) . 7North American Fauna, No. 39, p. 68, Nov. 15, 1915. *It will be noticed that only specimens ranging almost in a direct line from the summit of the Sierra San Pedro Martir westward to the coast have been used in this paper. The purpose of this selection was to show such relation to the new form whose range adjoins to the southward as was necessary, and not to enter into a general discussion of the forms existing toward the International Boundary. Over this area there are as yet, according to the views of the present writer, many unsolved problems of relationship and intergradation. MAR 1 3 1928 ^ - TRANSACTIONS OF THE SAN DIEGO SOCIETY OF NATURAL HISTORY Volume V, No. 9, pp. 91 94 February 29, 1928 y WEST COAST SPECIES OF HINNITES By Hoyt Rodney Gale The late W. H. Dall made the following' remark about Hinnites:1 "In various geological horizons as well as in the existing fauna, certain species of Pcctcn assume a sessile habit, involving an irregular subsequent growth of the valves after attachment to other objects, as in Hinnites. These species have no necessary generic connection with one another except what they gain from their relations to the Pectinidae as a group, and must be re- garded as purely sporadic adjustments of individual forms to a particular environment." The sessile habit, therefore, is merely of specific, certainly not of more than sectional importance, and consequently Hinnites should be treated as a section of the subgenus Chlamys. Moreover the type of Hinnites is H. cortczi Defrance, an Italian fossil, and it is improbable that the sessile Pectens of Italy had any direct relation to those of the West Coast Tertiary. The local stock seems to have been derived from a normal West Coast Peeten in the early Tertiary, and there is little assurance that even the East Coast "Hinnites" adamsii Dall is of the same origin. For these reasons the name Hinnites is thought by the writer to be of questionable value ; and as it is not here accorded generic or subgeneric rank, it is not included in the name of the following species. 1 Tertiary Fauna of Florida, Transactions Wagner Free Institute of Science, Philadelphia, Vol. 3, p. 689, 1898. 92 San Diego Society of Natural History Pecten (Chlamys) multirugosus, new species Lima gigantea Gray, Annals of Philosophy, new series, Vol. 9, p. 139, 1825; Wood, Catalogue Supplement, pi. 2, fig. 7, inedited, 1825 or 1826 {fide Gray), not Plagios'oma (-~Lima) gigantea Sowerby, Mineral Conchology of Great Britain, Vol. 1, p. 176, pi. 77, 1812. Hinnita gigantea Gray, Annals of Philosophy, new series, Vol. 12, p. 103, 1826. Hinnites giganteus Gray, Sowerby, Zoological Journal, Vol. 3, p. 70, 1827; etc. Hinnita poulsoni Conrad, Journal of the Academy of Natural Sciences, Phila- delphia, Vol. 7, p. 182, pi. 14, October, 1834, not Pecten poulsoni Morton, Synopsis of the Organic Remains of the Cretaceous Group of the United States, p. 59, pi. 19, fig. 2, Philadelphia, published early in 1834 (the preface dated January 1). tPecten comatus Valenciennes, Voyage of the Venus, pi. 18, fig. 2, Paris, 1846, not Pecten comatus Minister in Goldfuss, Petrifactae Germaniae, Ed. 1, Vol. 2, pt. 4, p. 50, pi. — , fig. — , 1834; Ed. 2, p. 47, pi. 91, fig. 5, 1862. Pecten (Hinnites) giganteus Gray, Arnold, Professional Paper 47, U.S. Geo- logical Survey, p. 93 in part, pi. 29, figs. 2, 2a, not fig. 1, 1906; etc. Both Lima gigantea (Sowerby) and Pecten poulsoni Morton are well-known species. It is unfortunate that Gray originally referred his species to the genus Lima which contains an earlier described species of the same name. This fact has heretofore been overlooked. "The principle of the Rule of Homonyms is that any properly pub- lished identical name of later date is 'stillborn and cannot be brought to life'." "It is stillborn and cannot be brought to life even when the species is placed in another genus."2 Pecten multirugosus is virtually a new name for the common Pliocene to Recent West Coast species formerly known as Pecten (Hinnites) giganteus (Gray) ; but in order to avoid any questions about the location or identity of the original types, the species is described as new and a new type is cited. The type is a Recent speci- men from San Diego and is now No. 5 in the type collection of the San Diego Society of Natural History. There are also two paratypes (Nos. 2978 and 2979) at the California Academy of Sciences, and another in the Oldroyd Collection at Stanford University. 2 See Opinion 83 of the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature, Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections, Vol. 73, p. 10, 1925 ; or the sum- mary of Opinion 83, Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, Vol. 39, p. 102, July 30, 1926. Gai i West Coast Species of Hinnites 93 The young of this species is a typical Chlamys up to the size of 20 or 30 nun. The left valve resembles closely the left valve of Pectcu hastatus Sowerby, or the young of some specimens of Pecten squamatus Gmelin from Japan, being sculptured with small radiating rihs, every fourth or fifth raised above the others and covered with spines. It is about the shape of P. squamatus but is slightly more circular than /'. hastatus. The right valve does not have the high paired ribs of P. hastatus, but has low ribs, flattened on top, nearly all the same size with only occasionally a slight accentuation of every third. As soon as the young Chlamys assumes a sessile position, the growth becomes very irregular, influenced considerably by the shape of the object to which it is attached, the ribs become coarser and spinose, and the shell thickens rapidly, oyster-like, especially the right (the lower) valve which may in the process develop a greatly elongated resilial pit. Pecten (Chlamys) multirugosus var. crassiplicatus, new name Hiniiitcs crassa Conrad, Reports U.S. Pacific Railroad Explorations and Sur- veys, Vol. 7, pt. 2, p. 190, pi. 2, figs. 1, 2, 1857, description reprinted by Dall, Professional Paper 59, U.S. Geological Survey, p. 181, 1909; etc., not Pecten crassus A. Risso, Histoire naturelle des principales productions de l'Europe meridionale. Vol. 4, p. 300, November, 1826. "Pecten (Hinnites) gigantens Gray," Arnold, Professional Paper 47, U.S. Geological Survey, pi. 29, fig. 1 only, 1906. The type is No. 13336 of the United States National Museum. It is figured by both Conrad and Arnold. The form described by Conrad from the Miocene has the raised ribs of the left valve more strongly accentuated, sometimes even in the pectinidial stage, than is normal for the later fossil and living speci- mens ; and the intercalates become accentuated later in the growth of the individual and are not so pronounced. The effect is that of about ten stronger, irregular ridges standing out above the three or four minor intercalates, whereas in the Pliocene and living forms the first set of intercalaries is accentuated early, becoming nearly equal in size to the original, and giving the appearance of twenty or more less prominent irregular ridges standing out only slightly above the three or four minor intercalaries between each pair of them. Thus the variety crassiplicatus has a smaller number of more highly differentiated coarse rugose ridges. It also is apt to be smaller in size and to have a smaller amount of irregular growth. APR 1 4 192B TRANSACTIONS OF THE SAN DIEGO SOCIETY OF NATURAL HISTORY Volume V, No. 10, pp. 95-182, plates 921 NOTES ON THE VAQUEROS AND TEMBLOR FORMATIONS OF THE CALIFORNIA MIOCENE WITH DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW SPECIES BY LIONEL WILLIAM WIEDEY SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA Printed for the Society March 31, 1928 APR 141928 TRANSACTIONS OF THE SAN DIEGO SOCIETY OF NATURAL HISTORY Volume V, No. 10, pp. 95-182, plates 9 21 NOTES ON THE VAQUEROS AND TEMBLOR FORMATIONS OF THE CALIFORNIA MIOCENE WITH DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW SPECIES BY LIONEL WILLIAM WIEDEY SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA Printed for the Society March 31, 1928 COMMITTEE ON PUBLICATION U. S. GRANT IV, Chairman Fred Baker Clinton G. Abbott, Editor NOTES ON THE VAQUEROS AND TEMBLOR FORMATIONS OF THE CALIFORNIA MIOCENE WITH DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW SPECIES By Lionel William Wiedey INTRODUCTION In the pursuance of field studies by the writer on the paleonto- logic and stratigraphic relations of the Vaqueros and Temblor forma- tions of the lower and middle Miocene, respectively, to adjoining formations in California, extensive collections of molluscan fossils from both were carefully observed and examined. The chief result of this study, here presented, is that, even though the Temblor formation has had its fauna described in some detail by Frank M. Anderson, Ralph Arnold, and others, several new species have been discovered. The fauna of the Vaqueros, in contrast to that of the Temblor, has been less adequately and more scatteringly de- scribed by Ralph Arnold and others. Both Conrad and Gabb had described, as well, fossils from both of the formations considered, but without reference to formation and, only in general, to horizon. No attempt is here made to monograph the faunas of either of these formations, but, rather, to describe the new species which have been secured in the course of such field work as has been thus far completed. All of the material studied has been collected from widely scattered localities in the state south of the San Francisco Bay region, as far south as San Diego County, and represents, principally, collec- tions made during the summer of 1927. The collections at Leland Stanford Junior University bearing upon the present study have been considered. In addition, a collection of Temblor material from the Santa Monica Mountains of southern California at the University of California at Los Angeles has been made accessible for study. Types and such other forms as were pertinent to the study and which were available have been compared by the writer. The principal collections studied were made by the writer. Some of the Temblor material was collected by Mr. Merrill E. Lake, geologist for the Richfield Oil Company at Fellows, California. A few specimens were collected by the Stanford summer field geology class from the Vaqueros of the Santa Paula and Ventura quadrangles of Ventura County and from the San Juan Bautista quadrangle of 98 San Diego Society of Natural History San Benito County, both of this state. A few additional fossils were collected by other geologists. The intention of the writer in the present paper is to record the additional information which has been secured concerning the faunas of the two formations here considered, and to present a list of the commonly associated forms with the new species at their respective localities. The writer wishes to express appreciation for the helpful sugges- tions and constructive criticisms received from Dr. James Perrin Smith and Dr. Hubert G. Schenck, both of the Department of Geology of Leland Stanford Junior University, in the preparation of this manuscript ; for the courtesy extended and the aid given by Mr. Merrill E. Lake to the writer while in the vicinity of the southern San Joaquin Valley, and for the assistance given in the comparison of the fossil with the living forms by Mrs. I. S. Oldroyd, Curator of the Conchological Museum of Leland Stanford Junior University, deep gratitude is felt. Indebtedness to Mr. William Kleinpell and Mr. B. F. Hake for permission to name and figure a new and inter- esting form collected by them is also expressed. To my colleagues, Mr. U. S. Grant and Mr. H. R. Gale, for their patient indulgence at all times much credit is due. HISTORICAL REVIEW THE VAQUEROS FORMATION The Vaqueros formation derived its formational name from the occurrence of a series of sandstones of marine origin which are well developed and exposed on Vaqueros Creek, about five miles west of Greenfield, a small town in the Salinas Valley, California. Homer Hamlin1 observed that this series of beds immediately underlies the Monterey shale and overlies the "basement complex," which, in the canyon of the type section, is a granite. Because of the unnamed occurrence of beds in the stratigraphic position in which he discov- ered these, he proposed that the name Vaquero be used for the formation. Fairbanks, by communication with Hamlin, learned of the latter's 1 Hamlin, Homer, Water Resources of the Salinas Valley, U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper, No. 89, p. 14, 1904. WlEDEY VAQUEROS AND TEMBLOR OF THE CALIFORNIA MlOCENE 99 intention to name these beds, and upon finding in his work on the geology of the San Luis Obispo region,2 about eighty miles to the south of the Vaqueros Canyon section, a series of beds in the same apparent stratigraphic position, and of similar lithologic character, proposed, also, that the name be adopted. Consequently, Fairbanks has been accredited with having named the formation, since it has been commonly accepted that he antedated Hamlin in print on the subject in question. On the other hand, Miss Grace Wilmarth,3 sec- retary to the Committee on Nomenclature of the United States Geo- logical Survey, informs the writer that both Hamlin's and Fairbanks' papers were completed and delivered simultaneously by the press on June 20, 1904.4 Apparently the honor of having named the Vaqueros has been improperly assigned and must, as a result, be attributed to Hamlin. It may be noted, however, that the name chosen by both Hamlin and Fairbanks was Vaquero, not Vaqueros. The Committee on Nomenclature of the United States Geological Survey, the year fol- lowing the printing of the papers by Hamlin and Fairbanks, upon finding that the canyon of the type section was improperly printed as "Vaquero" on current maps (a fact which introduced the error in name), formally decided that Vaqueros should be used. It has been consistently used by the national survey since that time. Neither Hamlin nor Fairbanks discussed the fauna of the Va- queros. But just prior to the formal naming of the formation, J. C. Merriam5 published a short foresighted paper treating of the fauna of the lower Miocene formations, so far as then known, with their relationships, though at that time they remained undifferentiated as stratigraphic units. He displayed foresight in recognizing that time, not ecologic differences, characterize the two faunas. 2 Fairbanks, H. W., San Luis Obispo Folio, U.S. Geological Survey, Geo- logical Atlas, No. 101, p. 3, 1904. 3 By written communication, May of 1927. 4 Merriam. John C. Transactions of the American Philosophical Society, N.S., Vol. 22, Part 3, p. IS, footnote 4, 1915, indicates what are probably the dates on which the actual printing of the publications was completed, not official dates of publications recognized by the U.S. Geological Survey, which accepts June 20, 1904, for both Hamlin's and Fairbanks' papers. 5 Merriam, John C., Notes on the Fauna of the Lower Miocene in California, University of California Publications, Bulletin of the Department of Geology, Vol. 3, No. 16, p. 377, 1904. 100 San Diego Society of Natural History Later, Ralph Arnold6 described a few species from the Vaqueros of the Santa Clara Valley of the south. This paper was closely fol- lowed by one in which Arnold7 described a fauna from the Vaqueros formation of the Santa Cruz Mountains on the San Francisco penin- sula, about ninety miles north of the type section, after both Hamlin and Fairbanks had given faunal lists to characterize the Vaqueros strata in their papers. Conrad8 and Gabb9 in various publications had already described, from among collections coming under their obser- vations, many Miocene forms, some of which by the work of Arnold and others proved to be species occurring in the Vaqueros. Another part of the state where sedimentary beds of Vaqueros age outcrop is in the vicinity of Santa Maria in Santa Barbara County. Ralph Arnold and Robert VanV. Anderson10 mapped these in their report on that region. Shortly later, Arnold11 described the new species from the Vaqueros of the Santa Maria region, as well as from the Vaqueros of the Santa Lucia Mountain region, which is about twenty-five miles south of the type section of the formation. Personal investigation by the writer in the general vicinity of the type section of the Vaqueros demonstrates that the faunas described by Arnold may be correlated with the fauna of the Vaqueros at the type section. Between the gap of the published reports cited and compara- 6 Arnold. Ralph, New and Characteristic Species of Fossil Mollusks from the Oil-Bearing Tertiary Formations of Southern California, Proceedings of the U.S. National Museum, Vol. 32, p. 525, 1907. 7 Arnold, Ralph, Descriptions of New Cretaceous and Tertiary Fossils from the Santa Cruz Mountains, California, Proceedings of the U.S. National Museum, Vol. 34, p. 349, 1904. s Conrad, T. A., Pacific Railroad Reports, Vols. 5, 6, 7, 1856, 1857, 1857, re- spectively. 9 Gabb, W. M., Geological Survey of California, Paleontology, Vol. 2, 1869. 10 Arnold, Ralph, and Anderson, Robert VanV., Geology and Oil Re- sources of the Santa Maria Oil District, Santa Barbara County, California, U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin No. 322, 1907. 11 Arnold, Ralph, New and Characteristic Species of Fossil Mollusks from the Oil-Bearing Tertiary Formations of Santa Barbara County, California, Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collection, Vol. 50, Publication No. 1780, p. 419, 1907. WlEDEY VAQUEROS AND TEMBLOR OF THE CALIFORNIA MlOCENE 101 tively recent work are two papers by John C. Merriam12 and J. P. Smith.18 The former discussed the correlation of certain Miocene deposits of the San Joaquin Valley upon the basis of vertebrate faunas. Professor Smith summarized the extant knowledge of the ecologic and faunal characteristics of the Vacpieros formation, and pointed out that tropical or subtropical temperatures of the sea pre- vailed. Considerably later Kew" mapped extensive outcrops of the formation in the Santa Monica Mountains and on South Mountain of Los Angeles and Ventura Counties, respectively, which he found generally occurring conformably immediately above the Sespe15 for- mation. Wood ford, "; working in southern Orange County along the coast, mapped a series of sandstones which he correlated with the Vaqueros. Kerr and Schenck17 mapped and discussed the occurrence of the Yaqueros in the central part of California in the San Juan Bautista quadrangle. English.1* shortly after, in the Santa Ana Mountains of Orange County, cited the Vaqueros as well developed. 12 Merriam, John C, Tertiary Vertebrate Faunas of the North Coalinga Region of California, Transactions of the American Philosophical Society, N.S., Vol. 22, Part 3, 1915. 13 Smith, James Perrin, Climatic Relations of the Tertiary and Quaternary Faunas of the California Region, Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences, 4th ser., Vol. 9, No. 4, p. 160, 1919. 14 Kew, W. S. W., Geology and Oil Resources of a Part of L<>s Angeles and Ventura Counties, U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin No. 753, 1924. 15 The Sespe formation was named by W. L. Watts, California State Mining Bureau Publications, Bulletin No. 11, p. 25, 1897, with the type locality in the Sespe district, Ventura County, California. The Sespe formation is a unique "red bed" series of over three thousand feet in thickness, made up of sandstones and shales of apparently fresh-water deposition. The formation, which occurs only along the coastal section of the southern part of Cali- fornia, is probably of upper Oligocene or lower Miocene age. Ifi Woodford, A. O., The San Onofre Breccia, Its Nature and Origin, Univer- sity of California Publications, Bulletin of the Department of Geological Sciences, Vol. 15, No. 7, p. 178, 1925. 17 Kerr, P. F., and Schenck, H. G., Active Thrust-Faults in San Benito County, California, Bulletin of the Geological Society of America, Vol. 36, p. 465, 1925. 18 English, W. A., Geology and Oil Resources of Puente Hills Region, South- ern California, U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin No. 768, 1926. 102 San Diego Society of Natural History In a late paper Hertlein and Jordan19 record and describe a few fossil species possibly of Vaqueros age from the Miocene of Lower Cali- fornia. The stratigraphic relations of the Vaqueros formation of the Ventura and the Santa Paula quadrangles of Ventura County will appear in a forthcoming paper by Kerr and Schenck. THE TEMBLOR FORMATION The Temblor formation received its formational name from the occurrence of a series of sandstones found stratigraphically be- low the Monterey shale at Canara Springs and at Temblor, both on the western side of the San Joaquin Valley, on the eastern slopes of the Mount Diablo Range north of Coalinga, Fresno County, Califor- nia. It was named by Frank M. Anderson.20 It has since been found to be quite widespread over the southern part of California and its marine correlative is known from Oregon21 and Washington.22 It may be noted that, although F. M. Anderson23 described from the Miocene twenty-four new species, listing in addition, under his descriptions of new species, four previously named forms, at least twenty were found by him only at the Kern River Miocene locality, Kern County ; four only at Coalinga, Fresno County ; one only at La Panza, San Luis Obispo County ; with but two only at the type section of the Temblor. But two typically Miocene species were found to be common to the Kern River beds and the type Temblor, which he correlated. It is unfortunate that we must look to the 19 Hertlein, L. G. and Jordan, E. K., Paleontology of the Miocene of Lower California, Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences, 4th ser., Vol. 16, No. 19, 1927. 20 Anderson, F. M., Stratigraphic Study in the Mount Diablo Range of Cali- fornia, Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences, 3d ser., Vol. 2, No. 2, p. 170, 1905. -'l Howe, Henry V., Astoria: Mid-Tertic Type of Pacific Coast, Pan-American Geologist, Vol. 45, No. 4, p. 295, 1926. Schenck, H. G., Marine Oligocene of Oregon, University of California Pub- lications, Bulletin of the Department of Geological Sciences, Vol. 16, No. 12, p. 456, 1927. 22 Palmer, R. H, Geology and Petroleum Possibilities of the Olympic Penin- sula, Washington, Bulletin of the American Association of Petroleum Geologists, Vol. 11, No. 12, p. 1321, 1927. 23 Stratigraphic Study in the Mount Diablo Range of California, as previously cited. WlEDEY VAQUEROS AND TEMBLOR OF THE CALIFORNIA MlOCENE 103 Kern River Miocene for a typical Temblor fauna, which formation apparently occupies a similar stratigraphic position with the type Temblor. A few years later Ralph Arnold24 described from the Santa Monica Mountains of Los Angeles County a few new Temblor species. In addition to Anderson's and Arnold's new species, Con- rad25 and Gabb26 had already years previously described numerous Miocene forms now known to occur in the Temblor. Ralph Arnold27 in his report on the paleontology of the Coalinga district described additional new Tertiary species, among which were many forms which he erroneously considered to be of Vaqueros age, but which are now known to be of the Temblor formation. Subsequent papers deal with the occurrences, faunas, and eco- logic conditions of the Temblor. Among these is a paper by F. M. Anderson and Bruce Martin28 in which many new species, chiefly from the Temblor formation in the Temblor Basin of Kern County, were described. A year later John C. Merriam29 discussed the inter- regional correlation of the California Miocene of the San Joaquin Valley upon the basis of mammalian remains, some of which came from the Temblor formation. He dated the Temblor as middle Mio- cene in age. In the southern part of the state Kew30 mapped the widespread extent of the Temblor in the Santa Monica Mountains of Los Angeles 24 Arnold, Ralph, New and Characteristic Species of Fossil Mollusks from the Oil-Bearing Tertiary Formations of Southern California, Proceedings of the U.S. National Museum, Vol. 32, p. 525, 1907. 25 Conrad, T. A., Pacific Railroad Reports, Vols. 5, 6, 7, 1856, 1857, 1857, re- spectively. 26 Gabb, W. M., Geological Survey of California, Paleontology, Vol. 2, 1869. 27 Arnold, Ralph, Paleontology of the Coalinga District, Fresno and Kings Counties, California, U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin No. 396, 1909. 28 Anderson, F. M., and Martin, Bruce, Neocene Record in the Temblor Basin, California, and Neocene Deposits of the San Juan District, San Luis Obispo County, Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences, 4th ser., Vol. 4, No. 3, 1914. 29 Merriam, John C, Tertiary Vertebrate Faunas of the North Coalinga Region of California, Transactions of the American Philosophical Society, N.S., Vol. 22, Part 3, 1915. :i0 Kew, W. S. W., Geology and Oil Resources of a Part of Los Angeles and Ventura Counties, California, U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin No. 753, 1924. 104 San Diego Society of Natural History County from which he listed a comparatively large fauna. The local name "Topanga" was applied to this formation instead of the name Temblor, the formation with which it may be correlated. This was done, as Kew declared, "as the greatest exposure of the series of strata described above within the region covered by this report is in the vicinity of Topanga Canyon, and as the fauna characterizing it has been for a number of years known as the 'Topanga Canyon fauna,' the local name Topanga formation is here adopted for it."31 However, since it occupies a stratigraphic position apparently identi- cal with the Temblor formation of the type section, and since it carries a fauna typical of the Temblor, the name "Topanga" may best be dropped and the name Temblor, which was given twenty years before, retained, because there can be little doubt that the Topanga and Temblor represent contemporaneous deposition. Still further south, Woodford32 described the occurrence of the Temblor in Orange County and established an interesting facies of the Temblor formation. In this paper was listed the fauna of the Temblor from that part of the state. English,33- shortly later, mapped a considerable extent of the Temblor in the Santa Ana Mountains of Orange County, for which he used the name applied by Kew, that of Topanga, and appended a faunal list as determined by Dickerson.34 Finally, in a recent paper, Hertlein and Jordan35 listed the species collected from the Miocene of Lower California and described the new forms, some of which they recognized as representatives of the Temblor. That the Vaqueros and Temblor formations are both characterized by the common occurrence in each of Turritella inezana Conrad and 31 Kew, W. S. W., ibid., p. 48. 32 Woodford. A. O., The San Onofre Breccia, Its Nature and Origin, Univer- sity of California Publications, Bulletin of the Department of Geological Sciences, Vol. 15, No. 7, p. 180, 1925. 33 English, W. A., Geology and Oil Resources of Puente Hills Region, South- ern California, U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin No. 768, 1926. 31 Dickerson, R. E., The Martinez and Tejon Eocene and Associated Forma- tions of the Santa Ana Mountains, University of California Publications, Bulletin of the Department of Geology, Vol. 8, p. 269, 1914. 35 Hertlein, L. G., and Jordan, E. K., Paleontology of the Miocene of Lower California, Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences, 4th ser., Vol. 16, No. 19, 1927. WlEDEY VAQUEROS AND TEMBLOR OV THE CALIFORNIA MlOCENE 105 Turritella o coy ana Conrad, respectively, was recognized at an early date. For a long time they were referred in the literature as zones, and named for the distinctive fossil species. These species, which are regarded as index fossils, have never been reported as occurring together and serve as one means of distinguishing the Vaqueros from the Temblor beds. On the other hand, F. M. Anderson, in his joint paper with Bruce Martin, declared that "it has yet to be shown that the so-called Vaqueros beds of the Salinas Valley are older in time than the Temblor deposits at the base of the Miocene within the Great Val- ley."36 Since that time, by careful paleontologic and stratigraphic work, the Vaqueros has been shown to possess a very distinctive fauna of a more tropical nature than that of the Temblor and to occupy a lower position in the Tertiary column of California than the latter. The Vaqueros has been found to underlie the Temblor in various parts of the state. Kerr and Schenck37 mapped an area in Ventura County where the Vaqueros underlies the Temblor and over- lies the Sespe. Kew38 has recently mapped a conformable sequence of fossiliferous strata on Santa Rosa Island, one of the Santa Bar- bara channel group, in which both the Vaqueros and the Temblor faunas were represented, separated by a considerable thickness of strata. Hertlein39 has also mapped the occurrence and studied the faunas of this conformable sequence of Vaqueros and Temblor strata on Santa Rosa Island, as well as on San Miguel Island of the same channel group. Elsewhere in California several cases have been noted where an unconformity apparently marks the separation be- tween the Vaqueros and Temblor formations.40 36 Anderson, F. M., and Martin, Bruce, Neocene Record in the Temblor Basin, California, and Neocene Deposits of the San Juan District, San Luis Obispo County, Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences, 4th ser., Vol. 4, No. 3, p. 20, 1914. 37 In a manuscript soon to be published. 38 Kew, W. S. W., Geologic Sketch of Santa Rosa Island, Oil Bulletin, Vol. 13, No. 12, p. 1257, 1927. Los Angeles, California. 39 Verbal communication from the results of study now in manuscript, soon to appear in the Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences. 40 Kew, W. S. W., Geology and Oil Resources of a Part of Los Angeles and Ventura Counties, California, U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin No. 753, p. 47, 1924. 106 San Diego Society of Natural History R. D. Reed41 has declared that minerals derived from the Fran- ciscan schists are absent from the Vaqueros but present in the over- lying Temblor, a relation which he believed to hold in other areas. This fact had been noted some time before by A. O. Woodford42 to be characteristic of the Vaqueros- and Temblor. He noted also that a separation of the two formations might alone be made upon the basis of the pebbles of which they were in part composed, since neither contained a single rock common to the other. Another conformable sequence of Vaqueros overlain by Temblor has been described to the writer by W. S. W. Kew as occurring along the coast at the north- west end of the Santa Monica Mountains, twelve miles southeast of Hueneme, Ventura County, California. Many cases are known where the Vaqueros sandstones are immediately overlain by a diatomaceous shale series, recognized generally as Monterey shale, as for example at the type section of the Vaqueros in Vaqueros Canyon, Monterey County. In such instances the lower part of the shale series, at least, is to be correlated with the Temblor both by virtue of its stratigraphic position and its meager megascopic fauna where it has been found. As a consequence, it has now become universally accepted that the two formations are separate and distinct, faunally and stratigraphi- cally characterized. Some have believed the Vaqueros and the Temblor formations to be of the same age, others as of different ages. Little question re- mains that the Vaqueros is the older, having been commonly found underlying the Temblor, possibly unconformably, with a much dif- ferent fauna of more tropical affinities than that of the younger formation. The faunas clearly indicate that they are the products of time difference, not of ecologic response. The relative strati- graphic positions of the two formations, together with their respective faunas, preclude the possibility of their being homotaxial. Some oth- ers have believed the two formations to be different facies of the same unit. It seems as if the Temblor were a facies of the Monterey formation, rather than as if the Vaqueros were a facies either of the Monterey or the Temblor. The Vaqueros has been found below the Monterey shale in many parts of the state, but as a distinctive sand- 41 Reed, R. D., Researches in Sedimentation in 1926-27, Report of the Com- mittee on Sedimentation, published by the National Research Council, Wash- ington, D.C., p. 77, 1927. 42 Woodford, A. O., op. cit., p. 180, 1925. WlEDEY — VAQUEROS AND TEMBLOR OF THE CALIFORNIA MlOCENE 107 stone formation. On the other hand/the Temblor, if it is not found as an intervening sandstone member between the Vaqueros and the Monterey shale, is representd by part of the latter formation which has in some cases been found to contain a few representatives of the Temblor fauna. Further evidence indicating time differences in the ages of the Vaqueros and the Temblor formations is being studied by the writer and will be presented in a later paper. Nearly all who have studied the Vaqueros and the Temblor, even from the earliest time, have been in general agreement as to the ages of the formations. The best evidence supporting the interregional correlation of the Temblor was presented and discussed by Merriam43 in a paper in which the occurrence of certain land mammals in the Temblor of the west side of the San Joaquin Valley has been the basis of dating that formation as probably not older than middle Miocene. Kellogg44 in a late paper has made use of marine mammals to correlate the Temblor formation with the Helvetian of Europe, of middle Miocene age. If, then, the Vaqueros underlies the Temblor, possibly unconformably, it must occupy a position in the lower Mio- cene. Vertebrates recently collected from what was considered to be the uppermost part of the Sespe formation, conformably immediately underlying fossiliferous marine Vaqueros, in Ventura County, have been identified with lower Miocene types. By way of review, it may be said that on the whole the fauna of the Temblor formation is somewhat better known and more fully described than that of the Vaqueros formation. The faunas of both present warm-water aspects in their assemblages of genera. While the fauna of the upper Oligocene, immediately preceding the lower Miocene, was predominantly cool-water in nature, the fauna of the Vaqueros indicates an invasion of many truly tropical genera. The fauna of the middle Miocene, the Temblor, on the other hand, indi- cates somewhat cooler conditions, more of a warm temperate type, than those of the preceding age, the Vaqueros. 43 Merriam, John C, Tertiary Vertebrate Faunas of the North Coalinga Region of California, Transactions of the American Philosophical Society, N.S., Vol. 22, Part 3, 1915. 44 Kellogg, Remington, Study of the Skull of a Fossil Sperm-Whale from the Temblor Miocene of Southern California, Carnegie Institute of Wash- ington, Publication No. 346, p. 5, 1927. 108 San Diego Society of Natural History REFERENCES A list of some of the more important publications bearing upon the present paper, to which the reader may have occasion to refer and which thus far have not been noted in the text, follow : Anderson, Robert VanV., and Pack, R. W., Geology and Oil Resources of the West Border of the San Joaquin Valley, North of Coalinga, U.S. Geo- logical Survey Bulletin No. 603, 1915. Arnold, Ralph, Tertiary and Quaternary Pectens of California, U.S. Geo- logical Survey Professional Paper No. 47, 1905. Arnold, Ralph, "Environments of the Tertiary Faunas of the Pacific Coast of the United States," Journal of Geology, Vol. 17, p. 520, 1909. Ashley, Geo. H., "Studies in the Neocene of California," Journal of Geology, Vol. 3, p. 434, 1895. Branner, J. C, Newsom, J. F., and Arnold, Ralph, Geology of the Santa Cruz Quadrangle, California, U.S. Geological Survey, Geological Atlas, .No. 163, 1909. Clark, B. L., "The Marine Tertiary of the West Coast of the United States : Its Sequence, Paleogeography, and Problems of Correlation," Journal of Geology, Vol. 29, No. 7, p. 583, 1921. Dall, W. H., and Harris, G. D., Correlation Papers, Neocene, U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin No. 84, 1892. Eldridge, Geo. H., and Arnold, Ralph, The Santa Clara Valley, Puente Hills and Los Angeles Oil Districts, Southern California, U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin No. 309, 1907. Lawson, A. C, "Geology of Carmelo Bay," University of California Bulletin, Department of Geology, Vol. 1, p. 3, 1893. Louderback, Geo. D., "The Monterey Series in California," University of Cali- fornia Publications, Bulletin of the Department of Geology, Vol. 7, No. 10, 1913. Reed, R. D., "The Post-Monterey Disturbance in Salinas Valley, California," Journal of Geology, Vol. 33, No. 6, p. 588, 1925. Smith, James Perrin, Geologic Range of Miocene Invertebrate Fossils of California, Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences, 4th ser., Vol. 3, 1912. Woodring, W. P., American Tertiary Mollusks of the Genus Clementia, U.S. Geological Survey, Professional Paper, No. 147, Part C, 1927. WlEDKY — VAQUEROa AND TEMBLOR OF I HE CALIFORNIA Alloc ENK 109 DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW SPECIES PHYLUM MOLLUSCA CLASS GASTROPODA Subclass ANISOPLEURA Superorder Streptoneu ra Order CTENOBRANCHIATA Schwiegger Suborder Platypoda Lamarck Superfamily Ptenoglossa Gray Family SOLARIIDAE Chenu Genus ARCHITECTONICA Bolten, 1798 Type: Solarium perspectivum Linne Architectonica compressa Wiedy, sp. nov. Plate 9, figures 1, 2 Shell of small size, circular in outline and flatly subcorneal in shape ; spire small, short, low and not prominent. Shell obtusely angu- lated at the apex, measuring about 120° ; succeeding whorls spirally wound about the earlier ones on nearly the same plane of revolution. There are about five whorls, gradually increasing in size so that one whorl is about twice the size of the same stage of the preceding whorl in diameter. They are flattened, markedly on the under surface, less so on the upper surface where they are gently convex and rise at a low angle from the angulation which is quite sharply rounded. The shell is sculptured on the upper surface of the whorl above the margin by four broad spiral ridges, separated by narrower channeled inter- spaces. Periphery of the whorl bounded by a fifth ridge which is heavier and more prominently developed. The under side of the whorl is marked by five additional spiral ridges, the inner four of which are more closely spaced than any of the above-described and are separated by only a thin groove. Umbilicus moderately narrow and surrounded on the inner lower margin of the whorl by a rather obscure spiral ridge which is marked by prominent, closely spaced crenulations which are broader at their outer extremities and sepa- rated by furrows which are somewhat narrower. All the spiral 110 San Diego Society of Natural History ridges are marked by similar crenulations, but the latter reach a much less prominent development on them. The base of the shell is nearly flat. Greatest diameter, 16 mm. ; least diameter, 13 mm. ; altitude, 7 mm. ; diameter of the umbilicus, 4 mm. Holotype: S.D.S.N.H. type collection, type number 12, from S.D.S.N.H. and L.S.J. U. locality 428. This individual was collected from the south slope of a hillside two miles southeast of El Modena, Orange County, California. L. Wm, Wiedey, collector ; Temblor formation, middle Miocene. This new species of Architectonic a differs from any of the known living forms in the waters of this part of the world in being flatter, in having a wider umbilicus, and in the possession of strong incre- mental lines of growth. It differs from the only living species of the genus on the West Coast, A. granulata Lamarck,45 from the coast of Lower California and Mexico, in having a much less elevated spire and less pronounced spiral sculpture on the under surface of the whorls. It may be distinguished from A. lorensoensis Arnold,46 in its more prominent sculpturing, in lacking the biangular character of the body whorl at the angulation, in having four instead of three spiral ridges on the upper surface of the whorl, and in possessing a nar- rower umbilicus. It is more ornate and lower-spired than A. blanda Dall47 of the Oligocene of Fall Creek, Oregon. Found associated with this new species were numerous individuals of Turritella bosei Hertlein and Jordan and rare individuals of Trophosycon kernianum Cooper. Superfamily Rachioglossa Family NEPTUNEIDAE Genus AGASOMA Gabb Type : Clavella gravida Gabb The following is a list of references to the species of the genus Agasoma: 45 Conchologia Iconica, Vol. IS, sp. 7, pi. 2, 1864. « Proceedings of the U.S. National Museum, Vol. 34, p. 374, pi. 33, fig. 10, 1908. 47 U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper No. 59, p. 80, pi. 3, figs. 4, 5, 1909. WlEDEY — VAQUEROS VND TEMBLOR OF I II E ( lALIFORN I a M [OCENE 1 1 1 Fusus oregonensis Conrad, American Journal of Science, 2nd ser., Vol. 5, p. 435, fig. 13, 1848. Now known to he of the genus Agasoma Gabb. Conrad, American Journal of Conchology, Vol. 1, p. 151, 1865. Assigned to genus Sycotyphus of Browne. Dall, U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper No. 59, p. 75, 1909. As- signed as Ficus ( Trophosycon) oregonensis. Schenck, University of California Publications, Bulletin of the Department of Geological Sciences, Vol. 16, No. 12, p. 456, 1927. Listed for first time formally as "Bruclarkia" oregonensis Conrad. Bruclarkia is synony- mous with Agasoma Gabb. Clavella gravida Gabb, Geology of California, Paleontology, Vol. 2, p. 4, pi. 1, fig. 6, 1869. Gabb, Geology of California, Paleontology, Vol. 2, p. 46, pi. 1, fig. 6, 1869. First listed species under the new genus Agasoma created to embrace it. Cossmann, Essais de Paleoconchologie comparee, Vol. 4, p. 148, 1901. Agasoma sinuatum Gabb, p. 148, fig. 41, chosen as the type of Agasoma Gabb. Agasoma gravidum declared to be an "incomplete Morio." Merriam, University of California Publications, Bulletin of the Department of Geology, Vol. 3, p. 378, 1904. English, University of California Publications, Bulletin of the Department of Geology, Vol. 8, No. 10, p. 245, 1914. Agasoma gravidum Gabb, p. 251, pi. 25, figs. 7, 8, is specifically designated as the type of Agasoma Gabb. Clark, University of California Publications, Bulletin of the Department of Geology, Vol. 11, No. 2, p. 182, pi. 22, figs. 1, 3, 5, 1918. Cossmann, Essais de Paleoconchologie comparee, Vol. 13, p. 257, 1924. Re- iteration that Agasoma gravidum is an "incomplete Morio." Stewart, Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia, Vol. 78, p. 397, pi. 31, figs. 10, 11, 1926. -Bruclarkia" Trask in Stewart; type : Agasoma gravidum Gabb. Synonymous with Agasoma Gabb ; type : Agasoma gravidum Gabb. Agasoma siuuata Gabb, Geology of California, Paleontology, Vol. 2, p. 46, pi. 1, fig. 7, 1869. Try on, Structural and Systematic Conchology, Vol. 2, p. 143, pi. 5, fig. 65, 1883. Fischer, Manuel de Conchyliologie, p. 627, 1884. Cossmann, Essais de Paleoconchologie comparee, Vol. 4, p. 148, 1901. Aga- soma sinuatum declared to be the type of Agasoma Gabb. English, University of California Publications, Bulletin of the Department of Geology, Vol. 8, No. 10, p. 250, pi. 25, figs. 5, 6, 1914. Trask, University of California Publications, Bulletin of the Department of Geological Sciences, Vol. 13, No. 5, p. 157, 1922. Koilo pleura Trask, gen. nov. ; type: Agasoma sinuatum Gabb, pi. 8, figs. 2, 3a, 3b, 4a, 4b. Stewart, Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia, Vol. 78, p. 397, 1926. Cossmann's proposal of Agasoma sinuatum as the type of Agasoma Gabb accepted. Agasoma barkcrianum Cooper, California State Mining Bureau Publications, Bulletin No. 4, p. 53, pi. 5, fig. 63, 1894. 112 San Diego Society of Natural History English, University of California Publications, Bulletin of the Department of Geology, Vol. 8, No. 10, p. 252, pi. 25, figs. 3, 13, 14, 1914. Agasoma santacrusana Arnold, Proceedings of the U.S. National Museum, Vol. 34, p. 379, pi. 34, fig. 7, 1908. English, University of California Publications, Bulletin of the Department of Geology, Vol. 8, No. 10, p. 252, pi. 25, figs. 11, 12, 1914. Listed as a varietal form of Agasoma barkerianum Cooper. Agasoma stanfordensis Arnold, Proceedings of the U.S. National Museum, Vol. 34, p. 384, pi. 35, fig. 5, 1908. Probably of the genus Fiats. Agasoma barkerianum Cooper, var. clarki English, University of California Publications, Bulletin of the Department of Geology, Vol. 8, No. 10, p. 253, pi. 25, figs. 9, 10, 1914. Agasoma columbianum Anderson and Martin, Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences, 4th ser., Vol. 4, No. 3, p. 73, pi. 5, figs. 6a, 6b, 1914. Agasoma acuminatum Anderson and Martin, Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences, 4th ser., Vol. 4, No. 3. p. 73, pi. 5, figs. 4a, 4b, 1914. Clark, University of California Publications, Bulletin of the Department of Geology, Vol. 11, No. 2, p. 182, pi. 22, figs. 11, 19, 1918. Clark and Arnold, University of California Publications, Bulletin of the Department of Geological Sciences, Vol. 14, No. 5, p. 160, pi. 29, figs, la, lb, 2, 3a, 3b, 1923. Agasoma oregonense Anderson and Martin, Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences, 4th ser., Vol. 4, No. 3, p. 74, pi. 4, figs. 3a, 3b, 1914. Name preoccupied by Agasoma oregonense Conrad. New name pro- posed by the writer in this paper. Agasoma yaquinanum Anderson and Martin, Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences, 4th ser., Vol. 4, No. 3, p. 75, pi. 4, figs. 5a, 5b, 1914. The following is a list of species and varieties of the genus Agasoma which various writers have held valid : Agasoma oregonense Conrad Agasoma gravidum Gabb Agasoma sinuatnm Gabb Agasoma barkerianum Cooper Agasoma santacruzanum Arnold (considered as a variety of A. barkerianum Cooper, by some ) Agasoma barkerianum Cooper, var. clarki English Agasoma columbianum Anderson and Martin Agasoma acuminatum Anderson and Martin Agasoma andersoni Wiedey Agasoma yaquinanum Anderson and Martin Agasoma gravidum Gabb, var. miiltinodosum Clark WlEDEY — VAQUEROS AND TEMBLOR OF I HE ( CALIFORNIA MlO< ENE 113 The genus Agasoma has recently been considered by Stewart, with the consequent renaming of the group of Agasoma gravidum, by far the commoner of Gabb's original two species upon which he established the genus, under the new generic name Bruclarkia (Trask in Stewart). In making this move Stewart accepted Cossmann's48 listing of Agasoma sinuatum Gabb as the type of Gabb's genus. Cossmann probably derived this belief from Tryon and Fischer, both of whom listed this species as typical of the genus. However, Stew- art did not accept Cossmann's inclusion of Agasoma gravidum under the genus Morio. Cossmann's belief that the latter species was a Mario, leaving but one valid species under the genus Agasoma, led him to pick that form as the type. This work of Cossmann's was accepted by Stewart upon the basis that Cossmann was the first reviser of the genus Agasoma, to whom the rules of nomenclature permit the privilege of picking the type when none was named by the creator of the genus. But Cossmann did not revise the genus in any sense of the word. His apparent unfamiliarity with West Coast forms is evidenced by his failure to consider that two additional forms had some years before been assigned to the genus Agasoma, one of which was the cause for the erection of a new subgenus by Cooper. It has been demonstrated that this subgenus does not belong to Agasoma and is to be placed under the genus Ficus. So Coss- mann's chance observations, based upon very short descriptions and meager illustrations in Gabb, do not constitute a revision of the genus. Even though Cossmann was the first writer formally to list a type for the genus Agasoma, his choosing of A. sinuatum Gabb as the type is impossible of acceptance, since it is a very rare form and unlike the other forms that have been assigned to Agasoma. It appears quite certain that A. gravidum Gabb is not to be confused with forms of the genus Morio, as Cossmann believed, but must be regarded as typical of the Agasoma species. Furthermore, it has always been considered by all West Coast paleontologists that A. gravidum is the type of the genus. The naming of A. gravidum first, the very com- mon occurrence of that species, together with the rare occurrence of A. sinuatum strengthens the validity of that consideration. English, therefore, being the first to revise the Agasoma-like gastropods, and being thoroughly familiar with the paleontology of 48 Essais de Paleoconchologie compar.ee, Vol. 4, p. 148, 1901. 114 San Diego Society of Natural History the West Coast, acted with judiciousness in formally assigning A. gravidum as the type of the genus. The extraneous form A. sinua- tum, he assigned to a section apart from the typical forms of the genus because it had proven so different from the other Agasomas. Not many years later, Trask recognized that A. sinuatum was evidently not congeneric with the type of the genus and proposed for it a new generic name, Koiloplcura. Trask, in making this move, greatly clarified an otherwise confused case, preserving for the typical Agasomas the name that Gabb had intended. Cossmann49 later declared, when he observed this trend of opinion, that his work of an earlier date was apparently overlooked. He also declared that not only was Koilopleura of Trask synonymous with Agasoma of Cossmann, but that the new generic name chosen by Trask was pre- occupied among the Echinoids by the generic name Coelopleurus. However-, in this connection, it may be pointed out, the differences in spelling are sufficiently distinctive between the two to prevent con- fusion. Several cases exist of an analogous nature, the validity and the authenticity of which have never been questioned. By verbal communication with Dr. H. G. Schenck, the writer's attention was called to the possible synonymy of Agasoma Gabb with Priscofusus Conrad,50 the type of which was chosen by Dall51 as Priscofusus corpulentus Conrad,52 now generally accepted. While Cossmann53 chose Priscofusus geniculus Conrad as the type of the genus in discussing its systematic position, Dall was the first to revise the genus and so was privileged to choose the type. Dall has carefully studied Conrad's type material of Priscofusus and made casts of their rock molds. In as much as Conrad's figure of P. corpulentus is impossible of identification and diagnosis, Dall found it necessary to employ this means to determine the characters of the type species, and thus of the genus. With Conrad's data, coupled with later examinations of the type material, the characters of the genus and its apparent systematic position as a subgenus of Fusinus, family of FascioJaridae, became evident to Dall. The genus 49 Op. cit., Vol. 13, p. 257, 1924. 50 Conrad, T. A., American Journal of Conchology, Vol. 1, p. 150, 1865. 51 Dall, W. H., U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper No. 59, p. 39, 1909. 52 Conrad, T. A., U.S. Exploration Expedition, Atlas to Vol. 10, p. 728, pi. 20, fig. 4, 1849. 530/>. cit., Vol. 4,- p. 8, 1901. WlEDEY — VAQfUEROS AND Tl'.MHI.ok OF 1 HE CALIFORNIA MlOCENE 115 Agasoma. on the other hand, is properly to be included with the genera under the family of Neptuneidae, as Stewart has indicated. Obviously, then, the genus Agasoma is not to be confused with the genus Priscofusus Conrad. Agasoma andersoni Wiedey, nom. now Because of the synonymy existing between Agasoma oregonense Anderson and Martin and "Fusus" oregonensis Conrad, it became necessary to assign a new specific name to the more recently described species. It has been only within very recent time that the proper assignment of Conrad's form to the genus Agasoma has been cor- rectly determined. Its first formal listing as a species of that genus was by H. G. Schenck.54 Therefore, Agasoma andersoni is here pro- posed as a new name for A. oregonense Anderson and Martin. Named for Frank M. Anderson, who has been a most diligent and energetic pioneer worker in the paleontology of the West Coast. Family THAISIDAE Dall Genus RAPANA Schumard, 1817 Type : R. bezoar Linne Rapana vaquerosensis Arnold Purpura vaquerosensis Arnold, Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections, Vol. 50, Publication No. 1780, p. 427, pi. 52, figs, la, lb, 1908. Thais vaquerosensis (Arnold) Dickerson, University of California Publications, Bulletin of the Department of Geology, Vol. 8, p. 269, 1914. Thais vaquerosensis (Arnold), Anderson and Martin, Proceedings of the Cali- fornia Academy of Sciences, 4th ser., Vol. 4, No. 3, p. 44, 1914. Rapana vaquerosensis (Arnold), Smith, J. P., Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences, 4th ser., Vol. 9. No. 4, p. 161, 1919. Thais vaquerosensis (Arnold), English, U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin No. 768, p. 26. 1926. When Arnold described this species he considered it allied to the genus Purpura, especially to the group of P. triserealis Blainville and P. triangularis Blainville. It remained so assigned in the literature until 1914, when R. E. Dickerson and F. M. Anderson both con- 54 Schenck, H. G., University of California Publications, Bulletin of the De- partment of Geological Science, Vol. 16, No. 12, p. 456, 1927. 116 San Diego Society of Natural History sidered it to belong to the genus Thais. The possibility of a truly tropical oriental genus making its appearance had not been consid- ered. A few years later J. P. Smith corrected the erroneous assign- ment of Arnold's species and properly assigned it to the genus Rapana, yet later authors have perpetuated the error. Rapana serrai Wiedey, sp. nov. Plate 9, figures 4, 5, 6 Shell greatly variable in size, but attaining lengths of 80 mm. or more. It is pyrula-form with only a moderately elevated spire, which is bluntly conical. Whorls about four. The angulation adjacent to the suture gently anteriorly sloping, with no apparent concavity im- mediately in front of the suture. The latter is closely pressed against the angle of the preceding whorl, nearly reaching the prominent nodes at the angulation, which generally number about twelve to the whorl even in young individuals. Just posterior to the nodes on the superior surface of the whorl is a slight concavity which soon disap- pears. Lines of growth pass diagonally posteriorly across the upper surface of the shell to the angulation where they drop nearly verti- cally to the under side. About twelve prominent spirally revolving lines sculpture the upper side of the whorl and are themselves sepa- rated by much narrower sharply incised channels. The lower side of the whorl bends slightly acutely back and is marked by a few spiral lines similar to those on the upper side of the whorl. One-third the distance down the whorl from the angulation is another spiral ridge which is very coarse, prominent, and periodically marked by a series of nodes smaller than those on the angulation. They are of about the same number. Slightly below the middle of the whorl is a third spiral ridge, a little less prominent than the ones above, and only slightly rugose. Separating this from the next ridge above are two or three of the finer spiral lines. Below this last large ridge, on the lower half of the whorl, are many wavy, scalloped, coarse, thread- like ridgelets which parallel the long axis of the shell. Columella distinctly twisted and prominently recurved, with the lower portion spreading over a moderately narrow canal. Columella strongly sculp- tured by incremental lines of growth. Altitude, 70 mm. ; breadth at greatest diameter, 53 mm. ; altitude of the body whorl, 60 mm. Holotype: S.D.S.N.H. collection, type number 13, from S.D.S. N.H. and L.SJ.U. locality 442. Collected from Kavanaugh Creek, WlEDEY — VAQUEROS AND TEMBLOR OF THE CALIFORNIA MlOCENE 117 a short distance north of its confluence with the Nacimiento River, San Luis Obispo County, California. L. Win. W'iedey, collector. Vaqueros formation, lower Miocene. Two other authentic species of Rapana are known from the Mio- cene of the West Coast, both probably of Vaqueros age. From the earlier described, R. vaquerosensis Arnold,66 this new species is dis- tinguished by its much lower spire, the possession of minor spiral ridges between the heavy ridges which support the nodes, the posses- sion of another row of nodes below the angulation, with the tendency of the nodes on the angulation to be sharper and more prominent. From the later described species, R. imperialis Hertlein and Jordan, "' it differs in having less broadly inflated body whorl, less prominently projecting nodes, and less recurving of the columella, with a narrower sulcus. This later named species has only been reported from the Miocene of Lower California. Named in honor of Fra Junipero Serra in recognition of his services to California. Superfamily Taenioglossa Family TURRITELLIDAE Gray Genus TURRITELLA Lamarck. 1799 Type : Turbo terebra Lamarck Turritella bosei Hertlein and Jordan Plate 10, figure 7 Plate 11, figures 1, 2, 3, 5, 6 Turritella ocoyana Conrad, Arnold, Ralph, Proceedings of the U.S. National Museum, Vol. 3-2, p. 526, pi. 51, figs, 7, 8, 9, 1907. Not T. ocoyana of Conrad (Pacific Railroad Reports, Vol. 5, p. 329, pi. 8, figs. 73, 73a, 73b, and (?) unnumbered figure, 1856). Turritella ocoyana Conrad, Eldridge, G. H., and Arnold, Ralph, U.S. Geo- logical Survey Bulletin No. 309, p. 148, pi. 41, figs. 7. 8. 9, 1907. Not T. ocoyana of Conrad (op. cit.). 55 Arnold, Ralph, Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collection, Vol. 50. Publication No. 1780, p. 427, pi. 52, figs. la. lb, 1908. 56 Hertlein, L. G., and Jordan, E. K., Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences, 4th ser., Vol. 16, No. 19, p. 631, pi. 20, fig. 1, 1927. 118 San Diego Society of Natural History Turritella ocoyana Conrad, Arnold, Ralph, U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin No. 396, p. 18, pi. 8, fig. 1, 1909. Not T. ocoyana of Conrad. Fig. 2, loc. cit., apparently is T. ocoyana Conrad (op. cit.). Turritella ocoyana Conrad, Hertlein, L. G., and Jordan, E. K., Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences, 4th ser., Vol. 16, No. 19, p. 642, pi. 19, fig. 2, 1927. Not typical T. ocoyana Conrad (op, cit.). Turritella bosci Hertlein, L. G, and Jordan, E. K., Proceedings of the Cali- fornia Academy of Sciences, 4th ser., Vol. 16, No. 19, p. 634, pi. 21, figs. 1. 2, 1927. Turritella bosci Hertlein and Jordan was named for a distinctive form which possessed a sharp carina at the base of the whorls with a slight concave rounding of the whorl above, occurring in and with the Turritella ocoyana fauna. Temblor in age, in Lower California. The following is the original description of T. ocoyana Conrad: Volutions 13 or 14, straight at the sides ; rounded at base, and having well- marked revolving lines, base broad ; volutions suddenly tapering to apex. Conrad's figures and description of T. ocoyana are very lucid. That he considered as the typical form of this species that with the rounding of the whorls at the base cannot be doubted, after a careful analysis of his statements and figures. So it seems apparent that T. bosei is a separate and distinct species from T. ocoyana, as the differences appear to be specific. Both Hertlein and Jordan, following the popular trend in the conception of Conrad's species, sought to differentiate their new species from a form which is. doubtless, conspecific with it and some- what intermediate in character. This intermediate form they have figured in their paper. The earlier whorls of this figured specimen57 exhibit the characteristics of the above-named newer species, while the later, perhaps gerontic whorls, more closely approach the typical form of Conrad's in shape. It at once led the writer to doubt the validity of the new species and to consider it but a variant form of the older named species, that of Conrad. But by careful examination of many specimens from the same stratigraphic position, from nu- merous scattered localities, it became evident that the form with the sharp carina is specifically separable from that with the rounding of the base of the whorl, both of which compose rather distinctive groups. Individuals intermediate between the two can be found. Most of the specimens already figured and thought to be conspecific with T. ocoyana Conrad, do not appear to conform entirely with the Op. cit., pi. 19, fig. 2. W'lKDEY VAQUEROS AM) TEMBLOB OF THE CALIFORNIA MlOCENK 119 type description of that species, but seem more closely allied with T. bosci Hertlein and Jordan. These figures may he seen by con- sulting the references given in the synonymy of the latter species. On the accompanying plates 10 and 1 1 are figured both the repro- ductions of Conrad's original type figures and other commonly occur- ring Temblor Turritellas. Figures 2, 4, 5, 9, plate 10, are Conrad's originals reproduced. Figures 1, 3, 8, plate 10, are forms identified with that species. All clearly show the rounding of the base of the whorls, which are flatly to slightly convexly rounded above, charac- teristic of T. ocoyana Conrad. Figures 1, 2, 3, 5, plate 11, are forms nearly identical with the types of T. bosci Hertlein and Jordan, one of which is figured on the same plate, figure 6. They exhibit the projecting carina with the concave rounding of the whorl above, characteristic of that species. Turritella inezana Conrad, var. pertumida Wiedey, var. nov. Plate 12, figures 1. 6 Shell large, highly turreted ; sides very gently sloping toward the apex, which, apparently, is very acute. Whorls numbering six or more, prominently convexly inflated in shape. The succeeding whorls increase very slowly in diameter. The younger whorls are less promi- nently inflated, while the later whorls reach a high degree of in- flation with the point of greatest diameter at or above the center of the whorl. Suture more shallowly impressed between the earlier than the later whorls, where it is rather deep. Sculpture consists of wavy incremental lines of growth, heavier on the later whorls where they become very prominent. Length of the type (upper portion of the shell is broken away), 110 mm.; breadth of the youngest whorl, 7 mm. ; breadth of the latest whorl, 28 mm. Holotype: S.D.S.N.H. type collection, type number 14, collected from S.D.S.N.H. and L.S.J.U. locality 441. Collected from the head of the Canyon de Piedra, about five miles east of San Luis Obispo, San Luis Obispo County. California. Paratype: L.S.J.L\ type col- lection, type number 418. R. B. Moran and L. Wm. Wiedey. collectors ; Vaqueros formation, lower Miocene. This new varietal form, which is rather common at the type locality, is to be distinguished from T. inezana Conrad by possessing prominently convexly inflated whorls with strong incremental sculp- ture, while Conrad's species exhibits a flattened whorl without strong 120 San Diego Society of Natural History incremental sculpture but with the faint development of a carina and indistinct revolving ridges. Figures 2, 3, 7, plate 12, are considered closely allied with T. inezana Conrad, showing the specific characters. Turritella ocoyana Conrad Plate 10, figures 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 9 Turritella ocoyana Conrad, Pacific Railroad Reports, Vol. 5, p. 329, pi. 8, figs. 73, 73a, 73b, and ( ?) unnumbered figure, 1856. Turritella wittichi Hertlein and Jordan, Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences, 4th ser., Vol. 16, No. 19, p. 635, pi. 21, figs. 3, 4, 1927. The type of Turritella wittichi Hertlein and Jordan has been care- fully compared with the types of T. b'osei and material indentified as T. ocoyana Conrad by Hertlein and Jordan. A figured specimen in the reference above thought by them to be the latter species can be shown probably to be conspecific with T. bosci, though somewhat intermediate in character with the typical form of T. ocoyana Con- rad. T. ■wittichi falls into this intermediate series with affinities close to T. ocoyana Conrad, though the earlier whorls of the type specimen show the carina, characteristic of T. bbsei, moderately well developed. Figure 6, plate 10, is a rephotograph of the form considered as the type of 7. wittichi. Related Turritellas are figured on the same plate. Turritella variata Conrad Plate 12. figures 5, 8 Turritella variata Conrad, Pacific Railroad Reports, Vol. 7, p. 195, pi. 8, fig. 5, 1857. The following is the type description of this species as given by Conrad in the reference above. Subulate, volutions with straight sides, each with 4 to 6 revolving promi- nent ribs, body whorl with a broad furrow revolving above the angle of the base. The following is the discussion by Conrad, accompanying his de- scription of the foregoing" species. A variable species ; one specimen of which shows two revolving lines on the upper part of each whorl distant from three equidistant ribs beneath, all nearly or quite equal in size. Others have six unequal equidistant ribs ; but I believe the species is always excavated at the base. It becomes quite apparent from examination of the type descrip- W'ikdky — Vaqueros and Temblor of the California Miocene 121 tion and the type figure, reproduced from Conrad's original on plate 12, figure 5, of this paper, that the forms which have been commonly assigned to T. variola Conrad cannot be conspecific with that form. These may be seen by consulting the references to the synonymy given on page 122 of this paper and figures 7 and 8. plate 11. It becomes more evident that such is the case when it is considered that the type of T. variata came from the Santa Inez Mountains, evidently with T. inezana, the Vaqueros marker, while all of the forms yet identified with the species in question have been secured from the Temblor formation with the commonly occurring and asso- ciated form, T. ocoyana, but never in the Vaqueros with T. ine'zana. Arnold58 reported that he had collected from the west end of the Santa Inez Mountains the "young" of T. variata Conrad ; but at what localities or in what associations remain unstated. By careful examination of great numbers of Turritellas from the Vaqueros formation, some of which were collected from the type region of T. inezana and T. variata, the writer was able to clearly determine and separate Conrad's two species here discussed. Consid- ering the geologic and geographic occurrence, the figure, description, and discussion given by Conrad, the form figured as number 8, plate 12, of the accompanying illustrations is doubtlessly the one to be considered conspecific with T. variata of Conrad. While the type figure is admittedly poor, it nevertheless illustrates the tendency toward the tabulation at the top of the whorl, besides the general shape and sculpture of the whorl. Apparently the form figured by Arnold as the type of T. inezana Conrad, var. sespeensis Arnold59 is more closely related as a variety of T. variata Conrad. Arnold's type figure seems inverted and while rather featureless, it may be made to conform to the type description and is possible of recognition. Figure 4, plate 12, is a photograph of a better specimen from near the type locality. It has been deemed apropos to call attention to the error perpetu- ated in the identification of Conrad's species, T. variata, after pains- takingly determining that such was the case. Since the forms formerly identified with Conrad's species now remain without a specific name, it becomes necessary to propose a new specific desig- nation. 58 Arnold, Ralph, Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections, Vol. 50, Publica- tion No. 1780, p. 421, 1908. 59 Proceedings of the U.S. National Museum, Vol. 32, p. 532, pi. 51, fig. 6, 1907. 122 San Diego Society of Natural History Turritella temblorensis Wiedey, sp. nov. Plate 11, figures 4, 7, 8, 9 Turritella variata Conrad, Arnold, Ralph, Proceedings of the U.S. National Museum, Vol. 32, p. 526, pi. 51, figs. 7, 8, 9, 1907. Not T. variata of Conrad (Pacific Railroad Reports, Vol. 7, p. 195, pi. 8, fig. 5, 1857). Turritella variata Conrad, Eldridge, G. H., and Arnold, Ralph, U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin No. 309, p. 147, pi. 41, figs. 10, 11, 12, 1907. Not T. variata of Conrad (op. cit.). Shell of moderate size ; highly turriculate. Sides of the shell slope rather quickly to the apex, which is not sharply acute, giving the shell the tendency to appear short and thick-set. Whorls number six or more, very convexly inflated. Increase in size in successively older whorls not great. The whorls are marked by a very prominent, sharp carina at about their centers, sometimes falling slightly below. Sides of whorl generally form obtusely angular carina. The upper and lower sides of the whorl slope flatly or slightly concavely away from the carina to the sutures which are only perceptibly depressed. Surface sculpture consists of sharp, prominent, spirally revolving ridges, of which one accentuates the carina, another evenly divides the inward sloping, under side of the whorl. Above the carina are found from two to five similar ridges which are less prominent and more irregularly spaced. Holotype: S.D.S.N.H. type collection, type number 15, from S.D.S.N.H. and L.S.J.U. locality 425. Collected from the small canyon trending westward from the head of Dry Canyon, at the base of the east- west divide, two miles south of Calabasas, Calabasas quadrangle, Santa Monica Mountains, Los Angeles County, Cali- fornia. Paratype: L.S.J.U. type collection, type number 419. Para- types: C.A.S. type collection, type numbers 2984 and 2985. L. Wm. Wiedey, collector ; Temblor formation, middle Miocene. T. bosei Hertlein and Jordan60 is the only form which in some individuals bears a similarity to this species, but there is no difficulty in separating the two. The position of the carina in T. bosei is always near the base with the long flattened or concave slope of the whorl above, while in this new species it is nearly at the center, with the relatively short area above and below sloping flatly or concavely to the sutures. The spirally revolving ridges in T. bosei are more rounded and less prominent. 60 Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences, 4th ser., Vol. 16, No. 19, p. 634, pi. 21, figs. 1, 2, 1927. WlEDEY VAQUERQS AND TEMBLOR OF THE CALIFORNIA MlOCENE 123 Turritella montereyana Wiedey, sp. nov. Plate 21, figures 2, 3 Shell very large, highly turreted, sides sloping moderately toward the apex. Whorls number seven or more. Earlier ones are flat-sided, while the later whorls become markedly convexly rounded. Suture very shallowly impressed in the younger portion of the shell, becom- ing more deeply impressed with the growth of the individual until in the older specimens it is very deep. The principal sculpturing consists of about four spirally revolving ridges, approximately equally spaced. They are marked by very fine and closely spaced nodes which seem to appear at the points where the growth lines intersect the ribs. In some cases the interspaces between the ribs are sculptured by a very fine single, or paired set of riblets, similar in character to the heavier ribs. Length of type (broken specimen), 102 mm.; breadth of top whorl, 12.5 mm. ; breadth of bottom whorl, 37 mm. Syntype: S.D.S.N.H. type collection, type number 51, from S.D.S.N.H. and L.S.J. U. locality 447. Collected from a locality in the Bryson quadrangle about 1.5 miles south of the San Antonio River in Sec. 3, T. 24 S., R. 8 E., Monterey County, California. Syntype: L.S.J.U. type collection, type number 435. W. F. Loel, collector ; Monterey formation, middle Miocene. From Turritella variata Conrad (plate 12, figure 5) this new species may be distinguished by its lacking the prominent collar-like ridge wdiich marks the upper part of the whorls and by lacking the distinct excavation between the two bottom ribs at the base of the whorls. Turritella inezana Conrad (plate 12, figures 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 7), besides being a more slender form, lacks the sculpturing of this new species. Super family Toxoglossa Troschel Family CONIDAE Adams Genus CONUS Linne Type : C. marmoreus Linne Conus juanensis Wiedey, sp. nov. Plate 9, figure 3 Shell of small size; elongate conical in outline, with a moderately elevated spire. Whorls, about six, rounded, the succeeding increasing 124 San Diego Society of Natural History but slowly in size. Apical angle slightly acute, being a little under ninety degrees. Whorls nearly flat on their sides, each with a sharp shoulder at their angulation above which the whorl tends to be slightly tabulate or concavely curved. Apex sharp and approximately central. The suture is visibly depressed. The aperture is moderate in width and nearly straight. Surface sculptured only by fine incre- mental lines of growth. Length, 26 mm. ; breadth, maximum, 16 mm. ; height of spire, about 10 mm. Holotypc: S.D.S.N.H. type collection, type number 16, from S.D.S.N.H. and L.S.J.U. locality 432. Collected from the east side of the first ridge west of Syncline Hill, two miles west of Simmler, San Luis Obispo County, California. L. Wm. Wiedey, collector ; Temblor formation, middle Miocene. This new species of Conns is resembled most closely by a form from the Kern River Miocene, of Temblor age, C. owenianus F. M. Anderson.01 It may be distinguished from the latter by lacking the prominent spiral sculpture which characterizes it. This new form also has a more sharply angulated spire of greater height than the Kern River form. LTpon examination of more extensive collections of both of these compared species, sufficient variation of the Kern River form to embrace this group of individuals might be shown. It is also resembled by C. interruptus Broderip62 of the living cones of the Gulf of California in having a similar spire, but, for shells of corresponding stages of growth, the latter has a much higher body whorl than the fossil species. Found associated with this form were : Agasoma barkerianum Cooper, Antiplanes piercei Arnold, Crepidula princeps Conrad, Mc- longena calif or nica Anderson and Martin, Turrit ella ocoyana Conrad, Chionc temblor ensis F. M. Anderson, C. pansana Anderson and Martin, dementia pertenuis Gabb, Dosinia mathewsonii Gabb, Pecten andcrsoni Arnold. 61 Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences, 3d ser., Vol. 2, No. 2, p. 201, pi. 15, figs. 58, 59, 1905. 62 Conchologia Iconica, Vol. 1, pi. 22, sp. 125, 1843. W'lF.DEY — VAQUEROS AND TEMBLOR OF THE CaLIFORN] \ MIOCENE 125 CLASS PELECYPODA Order PRIONODESMACEA Dall Suborder FlLIBRANCHIATA Dall section taxadonta Neumayr Superfamily Arcacea Deshayes Family ARCIDAE Dall Genus ARCA (Linne) Lamarck, 1799 Type : A. noae Linne Area sespeensis Wiedey, sp. now Plate 13, figure 1 Shell moderately small, trapezoidal, quite inequilateral and some- what gibbose. Posterior dorsal margin short, dropping nearly straight down from under the beak. It is quite sharply rounded at the extremity, and has a long, gently convex ventral margin. The posterior extremity is sharply rounded to the anterior dorsal margin which slopes approximately straight down from the beak. Umbo large, prominent, rather broad, and flattened. The beak is large, posterior, blunt, incurved, and pointed anteriorly. Cardinal area of moderate size, only gently depressed. Sculpture consisting of about nineteen ribs which are prominently elevated and sharply rounded, separated by channels of about equal width which are themselves rounded. Concentric growth lines faint and indistinct. Length, 32 mm. ; breadth, 25 mm. ; height of one valve, 13 mm. Holotype: right valve; S.D.S.N.H. type collection, type number 17, from" S.D.S.N.H. and L.S.J.U. locality 407. This form was secured from well up on the south wall of the Little Sespe River canyon, just above its confluence with the Big Sespe River, Ventura County, California. L. Wm. Wiedey, collector ; Yaqueros formation, lower Miocene. This new species of Area differs from other known Areas of the West Coast region in the possession of a broad and thinly compressed umbo with relatively slight convexity of the valve. Associated with this new form were Turritella inezana Conrad, var. sespeensis Arnold. Area hamelini Wiedey, sp. now, Peeien ses- peensis Arnold, Ostrea sp., and Bala nits sp. 126 San Diego Society of Natural History Area hamelini Wiedey, sp. nov. Plate 13, figure 2 Shell small, subtrapezoidal, distinctly inequilateral, equivalve, and convexly inflated. The anterior dorsal margin not long, moderately straight with the anterior extremity bluntly rounded. The basal margin is quite long and has a tendency toward parallelism with the hinge line. The posterior extremity more broadly rounded above than below. The posterior dorsal margin is short and nearly straight. The umbones are prominent, large, angular, and elevated, with the umbonal ridge quite well defined. Beak small, well anterior, promi- nent, sharply pointed, incurved, elevated, prosogyrous, and widely separated in combined valves. The sculpture consists of about six- teen ribs which are high, narrow, and rounded, separated by flattened channels which are distinctly much broader. Where the growth lines cross the ribs there is a tendency to form rugose sculpture, more markedly toward the extremity of the disk. The cardinal area is large, prominent, and moderately depressed. Length, 28 mm. ; breadth, 20 mm. ; height of one valve, 13 mm. Holotype: left valve; S.D.S.N.H. type collection, type number 18, from S.D.S.N.H. and L.SJ.U. locality 407. This form was collected from high up on the south wall of the Little Sespe River canyon, a short distance above its confluence with the Big Sespe River, Ventura County, California. L. Wm. Wiedey, collector ; Vaqueros formation, lower Miocene. This Area species will not be confused with any known fossil or living species of the West Coast, because of its distinctively high, sharp umbo and its few and narrow, widely spaced ribs. Its closest resemblant form is a living species from Japanese waters, A. granosa Linne,63 but the fossil form has a higher and more strongly pro- sogyrous umbo which is much sharper than in the living form. Gerontic forms of the living species show greater resemblance to the fossil form. This new species was found at the same locality with A. sespeensis Wiedey, sp. nov., associated with Turritclla inczana Conrad, var. ses- peensis Arnold, Pecten sespeensis Arnold, Ostrca sp., and Balanus sp. Named for Mr. D. F. Hamelin, in appreciation of his valued aid to the writer at all times. 63 Conchologia Iconica, Vol. 2, pi. 13, sp. 15a, \5b, 1844 WlEDEV — VAQUEROS AND TEMBLOR OF THE CALIFORNIA MlOCENE 127 Area lakei Wiedey, sp. nov. Plate 13, figures 4, 5 Shell subquadrate in outline and of moderate size, but distinctly inequilateral and quite gibbose. The anterior dorsal margin short and straight, gently sloping. The anterior dorsal extremity broadly rounded to the basal margin which is less convexly rounded. The posterior dorsal extremity is quite sharply rounded, more narrowly below than above. Posterior dorsal margin short and straight to gently sloping. Umbones prominent, large, elevated, and incurved. The beaks are of moderate size, anteriorly situated, quite sharp, in- curved and close-set. The cardinal area is not large and is only gently depressed. Sculpture consists of twenty-five ribs which are low and flattened. The ribs generally have on their surface three longitudinal striations which present the appearance of dividing the ribs into riblets, separated by thread-like channels. The interspaces between the ribs are slightly narrower than the ribs and are flatly channeled. Concentric lines of growth apparent but not prominent. Length, 38 mm. ; breadth, 33 mm. ; height of both valves, 33 mm. Holotype: S.D.S.N.H. type collection, type number 19, from S.D.S.N.H. and L.SJ.U. locality 432. Collected from the east side of the first ridge west of Syncline Hill, two miles west of Simmler, San Luis Obispo County, California. L. Wm. Wiedey, collector ; Temblor formation, middle Miocene. This species may be distinguished from Area devincta Conrad04 by its greater gibbosity and less elongate form. It is differentiated from A. osmonti Dall65 by its much less flattened umbones and more quadrate form. It differs from A. multicostata Sowerby66 in pos- sessing a more rounded ventral margin and the tendency of the ribs to become very flattened and split. It also has a relatively longer hinge line than the foregoing form. Found associated with this species were: Agasoma barkeriaiiuin Cooper, Antiplanes piercei Arnold, Crepidula prince ps Conrad, Melon- gena californica Anderson and Martin, Turritella ocoyana Conrad, Chione temblorensis F. M. Anderson, C. panzana Anderson and Martin, dementia pcrtemiis Gabb, Dosinia mathewsonii Gabb, Pecten andersoni Arnold. 64 U.S. Geological Survey, Professional Paper 59, p. 109, append. 1, p. 155, 1909. 65 University of California Publications, P>ulletin of the Department of Geology, Vol. 4, p. 90, pi. 8, figs. 2a, 2b, 1904. 66 Proceedings of the U.S. National Museum, Vol. 32, pi. 48, tig. 1, 1907. 128 San Diego Society of Natural History Named for Mr. M. E. Lake in recognition of his very valuable services to the writer while in the field. Area rivulata Wiedey, sp. nov. Plate 13, figure 3 Shell of small size, subquadrate in outline, quite inequilateral and rather convex. Anterior dorsal margin short, sloping quickly to the extremity, which is sharply rounded above, more so below. The basal margin gently convexly rounded to the posterior dorsal extremity which appears to be quite sharply rounded to its adjacent margin. The latter is moderately long and slopes down quite straight from the beak. Umbo prominent, elevated, and incurved. The beak is small, prominent, situated anteriorly, sharp, and distinctly prosogy- rous. The sculpture consists of about twenty ribs which are rounded, prominently elevated, and separated by slightly narrower, flatly chan- neled interspaces. Ribs quite regularly rilled by concentric waves which do not sculpture the interspaces. Rilling is more marked toward the margins of the disk. The cardinal area is apparently small and only slightly depressed. Length, about 15 mm.; breadth, 13 mm. ; height of a single valve, 7 mm. Holotype: left valve; S.D.S.N.H. type collection, type number 20, from S. D.S.N. H. and L.S.J.U. locality 432. Collected from the east side of the first ridge west of Syncline Hill, two miles west of Simmler, San Luis Obispo County, California. Merrill E. Lake, col- lector ; Temblor formation, middle Miocene. This new species of Area differs from other species of the genus from the West Coast in being much smaller, more regularly rounded, more nodosely ribbed, of shorter relative hinge line. It is resembled slightly by the living form A. labiata Sowerby,67 but is less equilateral and more gibbose about the umbo when forms of the same size are compared. Forms found with this new species were identified as : Agasoma barkerianum Cooper, Antiplanes piercei Arnold, Crepidula prince ps Conrad, Melongena calif ornica Anderson and Martin, Turritella oco- yana Conrad, Cliione temblorensis F. M. Anderson, C. panzana Andersen and Martin, dementia pertenuis Gabb, Dosinia mathew- sonii Gabb, Pecten andcrsoni Arnold. 67 Conchologia Iconica, Vol. 2, pi. 1, sp. 7, 1844. Wiedev — Vaqueros and Temblor of rHE California Miocene 129 Area galei Wiedey, sp. nuv. Plate 13, figure 8 Shell of moderate size, subtrigonal in outline, distinctly inequi- lateral and quite convexly inflated. The anterior dorsal margin short and gently convexly curved to the anterior dorsal extremity, which is very sharply rounded to the basal margin. The latter is broadly convexly rounded. Posterior dorsal extremity angularly truncated to the posterior dorsal margin which is nearly straight and slopes abruptly. Umbo large, prominent, angular, elevated, and situated anteriorly. Beak slightly incurved, sharp, and prosogyrous. A dis- tinct shoulder is formed at the posterior side of the umbo, extending from the beak to the posterior extremity, which causes the posterior dorsal area to be separated from the main body of the shell at nearly a right angle. The upper part of the posterior dorsal area appears distinctly folded under the beak. The sculpture consists of about twenty strong ribs, separated by narrower channeled interspaces. The ribs are rippled by concentric waves which are not apparent in the interspaces. Cardinal area inaccessible but apparently not large, sunken deeply below the beak. Length, 25 mm. ; breadth, 18 mm. ; thickness of a single valve, 9 mm. Holotype: left valve; S.D.S.N.H. type collection, type number 21, from S.D.S.N.H. and L.S.J.U. locality 427. This species was collected from Benedict Canyon about four and one-half miles south of the San Bernardino Base Line on the east side of the canyon, about one hundred feet above the bottom. The locality is also about four miles north and east from Sawtelle, Los Angeles County, Cali- fornia. L. Wm. Wiedey, collector ; Temblor formation, middle Miocene. This new species of Area differs from all other observed Areas of the West Coast in possessing a sharp shoulder in the posterior portion of the valve which separates the posterior dorsal area from the main body of the shell. Its sharp umbo and its extended, less regularly rounded outline also serve as means of distinguishing it. From the fossil form A. sespeensis Wiedey, sp. nov., it may be sepa- rated by its relatively higher and sharper umbo which is somewhat flattened and more prosogyrous. Found occurring with this new species were : Turritella ocoyana Conrad. Chione temblorensis F. M. Anderson, dementia pert emu's 130 San Diego Society of Natural History Gabb, Macoma nasitta Conrad, Panope generosa Gould, and Pteria, sp. nov. (undescribed). This species is named for Mr. H. A. Gale, whose encouragement has been greatly appreciated during this work. Area impavida Wiedey, sp. nov. Plate 14, figures 2, 3 Shell moderately large, trapezoidal in outline, nearly as broad as long, distinctly inequilateral and broadly convexly inflated. Anterior dorsal margin not long, sloping gently convexly at nearly a right angle from the hinge line to the extremity which is very broadly rounded. Basal margin nearly parallel and equal in length to the hinge line. The posterior extremity is quite sharply rounded to allow the posterior dorsal margin, which is straight, to pass acutely back from the extremity to the hinge line. Umbo very large, broad, flat- tened, and abruptly rounded at the anterior and posterior portions. The beak is broad, obtuse, situated toward the anterior portion of the shell and slightly prosogyrous, elevated gently above and slightly overhanging the hinge line. The sculpture consists of about twenty- seven flattened ribs, approximately equal in width to the interspaces and only gently elevated. They sometimes have a tendency to split. Incremental sculpture strong, with numerous fine, closely spaced growth lines. The hinge line is less than four-fifths the length of the shell and is weakly divided near its center to present a shorter anterior series than posterior series of teeth. They are irregularly spaced, finer toward the central part of the hinge, coarser toward the extremity, with the coarser teeth of the posterior series markedly chevron shaped. About twenty-two teeth make up the anterior series and about twenty-five, the posterior series. Cardinal area about one- fifth as broad as long, sculptured by seven chevron-shaped grooves, which are quite regularly spaced. The apices of the chevrons fall between the beak and the constriction of the hinge, giving the chev- rons a shorter and more steeply sloping anterior portion. Length, 55 mm. ; breadth, 42 mm. ; thickness of a single valve, 19 mm. ; length of hinge line, 40 mm. Holotype: right valve; L.S.J. U. type collection, type number 436, collected from S.D.S.N.H. and L.S.J.U. locality 442. This new species was collected from the well-known Barker's Ranch Temblor locality of Kern County, California. W. H. Ochsner, collector ; Temblor formation, middle Miocene. WlEDEY VAQUEROS AND TEMBLOR OF THE CALIFORNIA MlOCENE 131 This new form is most closely resembled by //. osmonti Dall68 but possesses a much broader and more flattened umbo, a relatively longer hinge line and several more grooves on the cardinal area. This species is to be separated from A. devincta Conrad<;y by having, gen- erally, fewer ribs, less inequilateral shape, a relatively longer hinge line, greater number of grooves on the cardinal area, and by lacking the transverse riblets, or striations, on the outer portions of the cardinal area. Area perdisparis Wiedey, sp. nov. Plate 13, figure 6, Plate 14, figure 1 Shell moderately small, elliptical in outline, with the posterior end broader than the corresponding anterior end. It is very inequilateral and only slightly convexly inflated. Anterior dorsal margin very short, passing in a gently rounded manner to the basal margin which is very long and nearly straight, forming a low angle with the hinge line. Posterior dorsal extremity quite broadly rounded to the mar- gin, which is but slightly rounded. Umbo narrow, distinctly ele- vated above the main body of the shell in a long, regularly rounded ridge. Beak small, sharp, but prominent, very near the anterior end of the shell and perceptibly prosogyrous. The shell is sculptured by about twenty-eight flattened ribs, of equal or of lesser width than the interspaces. The ribs apparently have little tendency to split. The hinge line is about two-thirds the length of the shell. Length, 36 mm. ; breadth, 19 mm. ; thickness of a single valve, 5 mm. Holotype: Left valve; S.D.S.N.H. type collection, type number 23, collected from S.D.S.N.H. and L.S.J.U. locality 443. This form was collected three-quarters of a mile southwest of Zayante Station, Santa Cruz Mountains, Monterey County, California. Ralph Arnold, collector ; Monterey formation, middle Miocene. This new species is most closely resembled by A. obispoana Conrad,70 a Miocene species, plate 13, figure 7, but may be readily dis- tinguished from that form by being much more inequilateral, very much more elongate, in having a nearly straight basal margin and an elevated narrow umbo. These characteristics may serve to separate 68 University of California Publications, Bulletin of the Department of Geology, Vol. 4, pi. 8, figs. 2a, 2b, 1904. 69 U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 59, p. 109, p. 155, 1909. 70 Pacific Railroad Reports, Vol. 7, p. 192, pi. 5, fig. 1, 1857. 132 San Diego Society of Natural History this new form from any of the other already known West Coast Tertiary representatives of the genus Area. Area procumbens Wiedey, sp. nov. Plate 13, figures 9, 10, 11 Shell rather small, ovoid in shape, slightly inequivalve, extremely inequilateral, and very convexly inflated. Anterior dorsal margin short, gently rounded, sloping nearly straight down from the hinge line to the extremity which is indistinct and very broadly rounded. Basal margin quite straight, sloping downward toward the posterior dorsal extremity which is greatly produced and more abruptly rounded. The posterior dorsal margin is but gently curved and moderately long, sloping sharply to the extremity. Umbones very large, prominent, .greatly elevated, and convexly regularly rounded. Beaks broad, slightly elevated, and widely distant. The shell is sculptured by about thirty narrow, elevated, and rounded ribs which in some cases show a faint tendency to split. The interspaces are generally wider than the ribs and near the dorsal areas may be marked by a median ribletj imperfectly developed. The muscle scars are small but strong. The pallial sinus is parallel to the outer margin of the shell and is located closely to it. The hinge line is about three-quarters the length of the shell and is marked by thirty or more fine, closely spaced teeth. Cardinal area about one-quarter as broad as long, sculptured by ten chevron-shaped grooves quite evenly spaced and which have broadly rounded, instead of angular, apices. The anterior portions of the grooves are somewhat shorter than the posterior portions. Length, 35 mm. ; breadth, 28 mm. ; thickness of the combined valves, 28 mm. Syntype: Left valve ; S.D.S."N.H. type collection, type number 24, collected from S.D.S.N.H. and L.S.J.U. locality 444. This form was collected from a point five miles north of Yaquina Head, Lincoln County, Oregon. Syntype: Right valve; L.S.J.U. type collection, type number 420. H. V. Howe, collector ; Miocene. This new species of Area is only resembled by A. devincta Con- rad71 and may readily be separated from that species in being more extended in outline, more inequilateral in shape, in having larger and more prominent umbones, and a relatively larger cardinal area with a greater number of grooves. ri U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 59, p. 109, p. 155, 1909. Wiedey — Vaqueros and Temblor of the California Miocene 133 SECTION SCHIZODONTA strinmann Superfamily Pteriacea Dall Family PTERIIDAE Meek Genus PTERIA Stopoli, 1777 Type: Mytilus hirundo Lamarck Pteria hertleini Wiedey, sp. now Plate 21, figure 1 Shell large, very oblique, lingulaeform, nearly equivalve, very inequilateral, and highly inflated. Anterior dorsal margin quite straight and nearly vertical to the hinge line. This dorsal extremity is terminated in a sharp curve. The basal margin is broadly rounded and seems generally somewhat parallel to the hinge line. The pos- terior dorsal extremity is more sharply rounded ; being quite distant from the beaks it accentuates the oblique form of the shell. The posterior dorsal margin is very long and nearly straight. The umbones are very prominent, highly elevated, very regularly rounded, and acutely angular. The beaks are small, sharp, not conspicuous, and quite distant from one another. The hinge length is about three- fourths the width of the shell and is straight with a broad, moderately deeply excavated ligamental area. The anterior ear is the sharper and the more extended. Length, about 110 mm. ; breadth, about 95 mm. ; thickness of combined valves, about 70 mm. ; length of hinge line, about 75 mm. Holotypc: L.S.J. I', type collection, type number 434. collected from S.D.S.N.H. and L.S.J.U. locality 200. Collected from Sec. 9, T. 20 S., R. 6 E., in the Junipero Serra quadrangle in Los Vaqueros Valley about 0.4 miles upstream from the narrow constriction of the canyon a few miles above its mouth, Monterey County, California. A. W. Ambrose, collector ; Vaqueros formation, lower Miocene. This new species is very distinctive and is resembled but slightly by any of the yet recorded West Coast Tertiary forms of this genus, k'rom Pteria jordani Wiedey (plate 14, figure 4; plate 15, figure 3), sp. nov., of the Temblor, it differs in being more convexly inflated, more elongate and extended in outline, and in possessing higher, sharper, and more prominent umbones than the more recent form. 134 San Diego Society of Natural History This species is named in honor of Mr. Leo G. Hertlein of the California Academy of Sciences in recognition of his contributions to the paleontology of the West Coast. Pteria jordani Wiedey, sp. nov. Plate 14, figure 4; Plate 15, figure 3 Shell quite large, moderately oblique, lingulaeform, slightly inequi- valve, inequilateral, and well inflated. Anterior dorsal margin above the hinge line rounded concavely, the anterior dorsal extremity very broadly convexly rounded. The basal margin is a little more sharply rounded toward the posterior dorsal extremity, which is but gently rounded. The posterior dorsal margin slopes nearly straight and is only slightly re-entrant into the main body of the shell adjacent to the hinge line. Umbones large, prominent, broad, convexly well inflated with a poorly defined umbonal ridge passing from the beaks toward the base of the shell, about 45° to the hinge line. Beaks situated at the anterior end of the shell, small, sharp, slightly elevated, and incurved. Since most of the shell has been broken away, the external sculpture is unknown. The hinge line is generally about the length of the shell and is straight, marked in the ligamental area by long, nar- row, longitudinal grooves. The posterior ear is the broader, while the anterior ear appears to be the more extended and sharper, being very acutely angular. The shell attains a length of over 100 mm., a breadth of over 95 mm., and a thickness in combined valves of over 55 mm. Holotypc: S.D.S.N.H. type collection, type number 25, collected from S.D.S.N.H. and L.S.J.U. locality 425. This new form was collected at the head of a small canyon trending westward from the head of Dry Canyon at the base of the east-west ridge forming the divide, two miles south of Calabasas, Santa Monica Mountains, Los Angeles County, California. Porotypc: L.S.J.LT. type collection, type number 421. L. Wm. Wiedey, collector; Temblor formation, middle Miocene. Species of this genus have rarely been seen in the Cenozoic for- mations of the West Coast, exclusive of parts of the Eocene. An abundance of individuals of this new species were found matted to- gether in a thin bed at the locality where they were collected, but have not been commonly seen in the same formation elsewhere. An incomplete individual of another new species was collected by the WlEDEY VAQUEROS AND TEMBLOR OF THE CALIFORNIA MlOCENE 135 writer in a similar stratigraphic position elsewhere in Los Angeles County. This new species differs from other known fossil forms in its very much greater size and in its more rounded and regular outline. It is approached in similarity by a newly described form, Ptcria hertleini Wiedey, sp. nov., from the Vaqueros at the type section. The latter species is of similar size, but shows greater sharpness of the umbones, which are themselves much more inflated. In some respects it is resembled by Pterin peruviana Reeve,72 which ranges from the Gulf of California to Ecuador. The fossil species has not the subquadrate outline nor the short posterior ear much separated from the shell found in the living form. Found associated with this new species were: Bulla cantua'ensis Anderson and Martin, Cancellaria condani Cooper. Murex topangensis Arnold. Calyptraea radians Linne ( = Trochita eostellata Conrad). Turritella ocoyana Conrad. T. temblorensis Wiedey. sp. nov., demen- tia pertenuis Gabb, Dosinia mathewsonii Gabb. This species is named in honor of Dr. David Starr Jordan in recognition of his most eminent position in natural sciences. Superfamily Ostracea Goldfuss Family OSTREIDAE Lamarck Genus OSTREA (Linne) Lamarck, 1799 Type : O. edulis Linne Ostrea howelli Wiedey, sp. nov. Plate 15, figures 1, 2 Shell of moderate size. Variable outline, but most forms exhibit a subcircular to snbovoid contour. It is very inequivalve and is sel- dom equilateral. The left valve is the more convex and thick-shelled. In some specimens the dorsal portion is the narrower part of the shell while the basal end is often wider and more broadly rounded. Umbo of the left valve is found in some individuals to preserve the small "'- Conchologia Iconica, Vol. 10, pi. 14, sp. 53, 1857. 136 San Diego Society of Natural History subcircular shell of the young stages, showing about six prominent, radiating, irregular ribs as the principal sculpturing. Sculpturing on the adult consists of about six prominently elevated, radiating ridges, separated by narrower channels. Ribs show a tendency to divide at different stages of growth in some specimens. Strong, concentric, incremental growth lines become very coarse toward the basal margin. The interior is smooth with the muscle impression very deep, round, and situated in the posterior portion near the dorsal margin. The ligamental pit is robust, moderately long, roundly and deeply chan- neled. Length from the margin at the hinge to the distant periphery, 90 mm. ; breadth, about 60 mm. ; thickness of a single valve, 40 mm. Syntypc: Left valve; S.D.S.N.H. type collection, type number 26, from S.D.S.N.H. and L.S.J.U. locality 446. Collected near Sespe Creek, five and one-half miles northeast of Wheeler's Hot Springs, Alt. Pinos quadrangle, Ventura County, California. Syntypc: Left valve; L.S.J.U. type collection, type number 422. Syntypes: Left valves; California Academy of Sciences type collection, type num- bers 2981 and 2982. A. Llewelyn Howell, collector; Temblor for- mation ( ?), middle Miocene. This new species of Ostrca may not be easily confused with any other known fossil forms because of its very distinctive characteris- tics. It bears external similarity of outline most closely to Ostrea vespertina Conrad,73 but the latter' species is much thinner shelled. This new form also possesses a much more powerful hinge and greater arching of the shell than Conrad's species. It shows a slight similarity to 0. titan Conrad 7i and 0. titan Conrad, var. corrugata Nomland.7"1 The latter may be separated by its broader resilial pit, relatively smaller muscle impression, and much less prominent sculpture of the shell than found in the new species. Among the living forms there is very little resemblance to this species. So, apparently, it belonged to a group of forms of which there are no, or rare, living representatives. Named for Mr. A. L. Howell, who collected this new species for the writer. r3 U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin No. 396, p. 77, pi. 24, figs. 4, 5, 1909. M Op. cit., p. 116, pi. 5, fig. 1 ; p. 126, pi. 10, fig. 5 ; p. 128, pi. 11, fig. 2, 1909. r5 University of California Publications, Bulletin of the Department of Geology, Vol. 10, No. 18, p. 306, pi. 16, fig. 1 ; pi. 17, fig. 1, 1917. WlEDEY VAQUEROS AND TEMBLOR OF THE CALIFORNIA MlOCENE 137 section ISODONTA Fischer Superfamily Pectinacea Reeve Family PECTINIDAE Lamarck Genus PECTEN Miiller, 1776 Type : Ostrea maxima Linne Subgenus Chlamys Bolten, 1798 Pecten (Chlamys) erici Wiedey, sp. nov. Plate 16, figure 1 Shell of large size, subovoid in outline, subequivalve and equi- lateral, moderately inflated, with the right valve apparently the more convex. The anterior dorsal margin is not long and is straight to the extremity, where it is rounded to the basal margin. The latter portion of the shell is evenly and regularly rounded. Posterior dorsal ex- tremity a little more sharply convexly curved than the corresponding anterior portion. Posterior dorsal margin short and nearly straight, or slightly concave in outline. Umbones narrow and very convexly inflated. The sculpturing on the left valve consists of about thirty prominent ribs, which are rounded and closely spaced. They curve irregularly and a few divide near the basal margins of the shell. The ribs exhibit incremental sculpture only near the basal margins of the disk. The right valve appears to have a few less ribs but is similarly sculptured. The anterior ear is small ; the posterior ear is the more extended. The umbonal angle is less than 90 degrees. Length, 58 mm. ; breadth, 65 mm. ; thickness of the attached valves, about 20 mm. Holotypc: S.D.S.N.H. type collection, type number 27, collected from S.D.S.N.H. and L.S.J. U. locality 406. Collected from the west end of South Mountain where it is truncated by the Santa Clara River, in a grayish-green, firmly indurated sandstone, but a few feet above the river bed, two miles southwest of Santa Paula, Ventura County, California. L. Wm. Wiedey, collector ; Yaqueros formation, lower Miocene. Among the fossil Pectens this new species is most closely resem- 138 San Diego Society of Natural History bled by P. sespeensis, var. hydei Arnold,76 but the latter is distinctive in possessing much longer anterior and posterior dorsal margins, which form a smaller umbonal angle. The varietal form is sculptured by nearly ten less ribs which are more subequal. The characteristic paired ribbing of P. sespeensis Arnold," about nine pairs in all, readily serves to distinguish it from the new species, which shows many more individual ribs. Found associated with this new species were : Rapana imperialis Hertlein and Jordan, R. scrrai Wiedey, sp. nov., Turritella inesana Conrad, Cardium vaquerosensis Arnold, Dosinia mathewsonii Gabb, Panope generosa Gould, Pcctcn sespeensis, var. hydei Arnold. This new species is named for Eric Knight Jordan whose un- timely death deprived West Coast paleontology of a valued scientist. Family SPONDYLIDAE Fleming Genus SPONDYLUS Linne Type : S. gaederopus Linne This tropical genus has until recently passed authentically unrecog- nized in the California Cenozoic strata. Arnold figured a form which he identified with Pectcn (Hinnites) giganteus Gray,78 but which can be shown to be a Spondylus species. Very often it is difficult in the fossil forms, without well preserved or sufficient material, to be certain of the generic determination. Conrad described a new species of Spondylus from the Miocene upon the basis of a shell fragment. Gabb later declared this form to be synonymous with Pcctcn crassicardo Conrad and not a Spondylus species. Spondylus perrini Wiedey, sp. nov. Plate 17, figures 6, 7 Pccten (Hinnites) giganteus Gray, Eldridge and Arnold, U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin No. 309, pi. 32, fig. 1, 1907. Not Lima gigantea Gray, Annals of Philosophy, N.S., Vol. 9, p. 39, 1825. 76 Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections, Vol. 50, Publication No. 1780, pi. 53, fig. 3, 1908. 77 U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 47, p. 69, pi. 8, figs. 2, la, 3, 1906. 78 U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin No. 309, pi. 32, fig. 1, 1907. WlEDEY — VAQUEROS AND TEMBLOR OF THE CALIFORNIA MlOCENE 139 Shell large, variable in shape, narrowly ovoid, very inequivalve, slightly inequilateral, and very strongly inflated. Anterior dorsal margin not long, quite straight, sharply truncated at the extremity, curving into the broadly rounded basal margin, which varies in the degree of curvature owing to the irregularity of outline of the shell. Posterior dorsal margin short, curving slightly from its gently rounded extremity to the hinge line. Umbo of the left valve of much greater size than the umbo of the right valve. It is long, narrow, highly arched, and projected very markedly over the corresponding feature of the right valve. Umbo of the right valve, if elevated, is broadly inflated and quite blunt. The beaks are strongly incurved, sharp, and prominent. The sculpturing consists of about twelve or more prominent ribs, which are rendered rugose by having small spines, which evidently projected sharply forward, now broken away. Two or more smaller ribs sculpture the very wide interspaces. Incre- mental sculpture prominent. The hinge line is very short and the ears are very subdued and not prominent. The areas adjacent to the ears under the umbones in the combined valves are deeply depressed. Length, 85 mm. ; breadth, 59 mm. ; thickness of the combined valves, 60 mm. ; the left valve projects as much as 20 mm. over the right valve in some individuals. Holotypc: L.S.J.U. type collection, type number 438, from S.D.S.N.H. and L.S.J.U. locality 437. Collected from the head of Wiley Canyon, Pirn quadrangle, Ventura County, California. Para- type: L.S.J.U. type collection, type number 423. J. S. McKenna and L. Wm. Wiedey, collectors ; Yaqueros formation, lower Miocene. This new species of Spondylus is in some respects resembled by S. gaederopus Linne,79 the type of the genus. It may be separated from that living species in being more elongate, with higher umbones, and possessing the depressed areas adjacent to the ears. Named in honor of Dr. James Perrin Smith in appreciation of his very highly valued assistance and encouragement. Spondylus inezana Wiedey, sp. nov. Plate 16, figures 2, 3 Shell very large, of variable shape, generally subcircular, inequi- valve to a large degree, inequilateral, and slightly to moderately 79 Conchologia Iconica, Vol. 9, pi. 3, sp. 13, 1856. 140 San Diego Society of Natural History inflated in most individuals. Anterior dorsal margin often long and nearly straight to broadly rounded, more sharply curved at its ex- tremity. Basal margin broadly rounded to the posterior dorsal extremity, which is a little more sharply rounded. The posterior dorsal margin is quite broadly curved but may be straight and long. Umbones of subequal size, with the left valve possessing the more prominent umbo, which is generally moderately elevated and pro- jected slightly over the umbo of the right valve. Beaks in most forms obscured, but apparently distant, situated in the anterior por- tion of the shell and not prominent. The left valve is the more strongly convex with occasional individuals possessing a nearly flat right valve. Valves sculptured by about fifteen prominent radiating ridges, which are narrow and appear to have supported numerous small spines, projecting obliquely forward. The ribs are more promi- nent on the central parts of the valves and less distinct toward the dorsal margins. Between the heavier ribs is another system of rib- bing in the wide interspaces, consisting of a rather fine median rib flanked by a varying number of finer thread-like riblets, generally four or more. Concentric wavy lines of growth become very promi- nent on the older parts of the shell and assume the character of wavy folds in some of the old individuals. Hinge line not long; ears vary in size, projecting moderately on either side of the beaks. Length, 72 mm. ; breadth, 60 mm. ; thickness of the combined valves, 45 mm. Holotype: S.D.S.N.H. type collection, type number 29, from S.D.S.N.H. and L.S.J.U. locality 437. This form was collected from the head of Wiley Canyon, Piru quadrangle, Ventura County, Cali- fornia. Paratype: L.S.J.U. type collection, type number 424. J. S. McKenna and L. Wm. Wiedey, collectors ; Vaqueros formation, lower Miocene. This new species of Spondylus is somewhat resembled by a living species of the genus from the West Coast, S. crassisquama La- marck,80 found living in the waters of Lower California. The fossil form may be distinguished from the latter by the absence of the broad spatulate spines, the more prominent ribbing, the less regular shape, and the less distinctive sculpture. From 5". perrini Wiedey. This new species differs in being much less convexly inflated and in possessing a much more circular outline. 80 Conchologia Iconica, Vol. 9, pi. 6, sp. 24, 1856. WlEDEY — VAQUEROS AND TEMBLOR OF THE CALIFORNIA M COCENE 141 Order ANOMALODESMACEA Dall Superfamily Anatinacea Dall SECTION EUSIPHON1A Family PHOLADOMYACIDAE Cray Genus PHOLADOMYA Sowerby Type: P. Candida Sowerby Pholadomya kernensis Wiedey, sp. nov. Plate 17, figures 1, 2 Shell of medium size, ovate, very inequilateral, equivalve, well inflated ; anterior dorsal margin short and gently rounded, dropping nearly vertically from the beaks ; anterior extremity bluntly rounded. Basal margin long, parallel with the posterior dorsal margin and gently convex. The posterior extremity is rounded, a little more sharply above than below, and is moderately gaping. The posterior dorsal margin is long, nearly straight, and approximately horizontal. Umbones prominent, broad, elevated, with the umbonal ridge distinct. Beaks small, situated at the anterior end of the shell, pointed, in- curved, and very close-set. The sculpture consists of about fifteen narrow, radiating ribs, more prominent on the umbones, sculpturing the major portion of that part of the shell. A very small anterior and a very large posterior part of the shell is unmarked by the ribbing. Surface covered by prominent, coarse, concentric waves which reach a fuller development over the posterior and ventral areas. The concentric sculpture is obscured by the radiating system of ribs on the umbones. The anterior dorsal margins and posterior ventral margins are tightly closed while the posterior dorsal margins are gaping. Length, 55 mm.; breadth, 30 mm.; thickness of both valves. 30 mm. Holotype: L.S.J.U. type collection, type number 437, from S.D.S.X.ii. and L.S.J.U. locality 438. SW YA of SE % of Section 12, T. 27 S., R. 28 E., north of Poso Creek, Kern County, California. B. F. Hake and Win. Kleinpell, collectors ; Temblor formation, middle Miocene. This species of Pholadomya is apparently the only Cenozoic form known to exist in the Tertiary of the West Coast since the occur- 142 San Diego Society of Natural History rence of Plwladomya nasuta Gabb81 in the Martinez Eocene strata of California. It may readily be distinguished from the latter species by its more quadrate form, less sharply pointed beaks, and straighter basal margin. The only known living member of the genus is the rare form, P. Candida Sowerby,S2 which it resembles in some respects, but from which it is easily separable by the more quadrilateral shape, more flattened, broader, and less prominently elevated umbones of the latter. There has been some question raised as to the possibility of this form being an individual derived from another formation, but the fragile character of the shell, coupled with its remarkably excellent preservation in a matrix of the formation in which it was found, to- gether with some of the characteristic fossils of the Temblor beds of that section, preclude such a possibility. Order TELEODESMACEA Dall SECTION CYCLODONTA Superfamily Cardiacea Lamarck Family CARDIIDAE Fischer Genus CARDIUM Linne Type : C. costatura Linne Cardium arcumbona Wiedey, sp. nov. Plate 17, figure S Shell of moderate size, subquadrate in outline, slightly inequila- teral, and only gently convex. Anterior dorsal margin is concavely rounded under the beak and convexly rounded toward the extremity, with the anterior dorsal area separated from the main body of the shell by a distinct shoulder from the beak to the extremity. This area is nearly straight and is well flattened. Anterior extremity quite sharply rounded, with the base broadly convex ; posterior dorsal ex- tremity apparently moderately rounded ; posterior dorsal margin not long and sloping quite straight from the beak. Umbo not large, but 81 Geology of California, Paleontology, Vol. 2, p. 152, pi. 30, fig. 124, 1864. 82 Sowerby, Genera of Fossil Shells, fascicle 19, 1823. WlEDEY VAQUEROS AND TEMBLOR OK THE CALIFORNIA MlOCENE 143 prominent, elevated, incurved, with a tendency to be angular. Beak small, slightly anterior, sharp, gently elevated, and distinctly prosogy- rous. The sculpture consists of about twenty broadly rounded ribs, wider than the interspaces. Length, about 35 mm. ; breadth, 32 mm. ; thickness of a single valve, about 14 mm. Holotypc: Left valve ; S.D. S.N.I I. type collection, type number 31, from S.D. S.N. II. and L.S.J.U. locality 432. Collected from the east slope of the first ridge west of Syncline Hill, two miles west of Simmler, San Luis Obispo County, California. L. Wm. Wiedey, collector ; Temblor formation, middle Miocene. This new species differs from other known forms of the West Coast fossil Cardiums in the possession of the distinctive flattening of the anterior dorsal area, anterior to the prominent shoulder in that part of the valve. It is somewhat resembled by C. biangiilatum Sow- erby,83 but has a sharper umbo and wider spacing of the ribs. Collected at the same locality with this species were : Agasoma barkerianum Cooper, Antiplanes piercei Arnold, Crepidula princeps Conrad, Melongena calif ornica Anderson and Martin, Turritella oco- yana Conrad, Chione panzana Anderson and Martin, C. temblorensis F. M. Anderson, dementia pertenuis Gabb, Cytherea dumblei F. M. Anderson, Dosinia mathewsonii Gabb, Pecten andcrsoni Arnold. Cardium schencki Wiedey, sp. nov. Plate 17, figures 3, 4 Cardium vaquerosensis Arnold, Arnold, U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin No. 396, p. 57, pi. 9, fig. 2, 1909. Not C. vaquerosensis Arnold, Proceedings of the U.S. National Museum, Vol. 34, p. 378, pi. 34, fig. 3, 1908. Shell moderately large, subcircular in outline, slightly inequilat- eral, and gently to quite convex. The anterior dorsal margin is not long, but is straight and broadly rounded at the extremity. The basal margin is very broadly rounded to the posterior dorsal extremity, which is subtruncate. Posterior dorsal margin quite long, slightly concave or straight in outline, with a slight concavity from the umbo to the outer margin of the posterior dorsal area, running from under the beaks to the extremity of the shell. Umbones moderately large, prominent, elevated, with the beaks small, sharply pointed, strongly incurved, and perceptibly prosogyrous. The sculpture consists of thirty prominent ribs of flatly rounded cross section, with narrower 83 Conchologia Iconica, Vol. 2, pi. 6, sp. 29, 1844. 144 Sax Diego Society of Natural History interspaces. Incremental sculpture obscured. The breadth of the shell is slightly less than the length. Holotypc: Catalogue No. 165598, U.S. National Museum, from the east flank of a high hill northeast of Oil City, in SE 34 °f NE j4 of Section 16, T. 19 S., R. 15 E. Paratype: S.D.S.N.H. type collection, paratype number 32, from S.D.S.N.H. and L.S.J.U. locality 425. Collected in the short canyon trending west from the head of Dry Canyon, at the base of the east-west ridge forming the divide, two miles south of Calabasas, Santa Monica Mountains, Los Angeles County, California. Paratype number 431, L.S.J.U. type collection. L. Wm. Wiedey, collector ; Temblor formation ; middle Miocene. It appears as if Arnold, in his paper on the paleontology of the Coalinga district, had confused this new species with the species which he at an earlier date described from the Vaqueros of the Santa Cruz Mountains. He erroneously declared that this new form, which he figured, had four more ribs than the type of the species which has thirty-four. Yet this form apparently has no more than thirty-three ribs. Comparison of descriptions, figures, and material indicates that the two forms here discussed cannot be conspecific. So it becomes necessary to propose a name for the new species. C. vaquerosensis Arnold can be readily distinguished from this new form by the more cordate appearance of the shell, sharper and more prominently elevated umbones, which extend considerably above the hinge line, and in the smaller number of ribs of the Vaqueros species. Eound associated with this species were : Bulla anglonana F. M. Anderson, Canccllaria condom Cooper, Murex topangensis Arnold, Calyptraca radians Linne, Turritclla ocoyana Conrad, Turritella temblorcnsis Wiedey, sp. nov., dementia pertenuis Gabb, Dosinia mathewsonii Gabb. Named for Dr. H. G. Schenck in recognition of his valued inter- est and aid during the preparation of this manuscript. WlKDEY — VAQUEROS AND TEMBLOR OF THE CALIFORNIA MlOCENE 145 SECTION TELE< (DONTA Superfamily Veneracea Menke Family VENERIDAE Leach Genus DOSINIA Scopoli Type: D. disca Reeve Dosinia margaritana Wiedey, sp. nov. Plate 18, figures 1, 2, 3 Shell moderately large, subcircular in outline, equivalve, but quite inequilateral ; heavy and thick-set. Anterior dorsal margin short, straight to slightly concave, with anterior dorsal extremity rather sharply rounded ; basal margin quite regularly and broadly rounded. The posterior dorsal extremity is slightly more sharply rounded than is the base, while posterior dorsal margin presents only a gently con- vex slope, which is long. Umbones large and broadly inflated ; beaks small, inturned, and strongly prosogyrous, but not prominent. The sculpture consists of fine, rounded, narrow, concentric lines which are closely spaced on the umbones, but which become more widely separated toward the basal margin or are transformed into thread- like lines in that part of the disk. Lunule of moderate size, distinctly depressed, cordate in outline, defined by a narrow impressed suture. Length, 62 mm. ; breadth, 58 mm. ; thickness of both valves, 33 mm. Holotype: S.D.S.N.H. type collection, type number 33, from S.D.S.X.H. and L.S.J.U. locality 436. This form was collected about 0.4 of a mile east of La Panza on the south side of the low ridge forming the north wall of the shallow canyon through which the road from McKittrick to La Panza passes. Paratype: L.S.J.U. type col- lection, type number 425. M. E. Lake and L. Win. Wiedey, collec- tors ; Vaqueros formation, lower Miocene. This new form has more prominent umbones and more elevated beaks than D. merriami Clark,84 which in some respects is of similar outline. The varietal form D. merriami occidcntalis Clark85 has less rotund shape and more anteriorly curved umbones than are found 84 University of California Publications, Bulletin of the Department of Geology, Vol. 8, No. 22, p. 460, pi. 49, figs. 1, 2; pi. 52, figs. 1, 2, 19. 85 Op. cit., p. 462, pi. 50, fig. 1. 146 San Diego Society of Natural History in the new species. The form with which the species here described might be most easily confused is D. mathewsonii Gabb.86 But the latter is of only half tbe thickness and exhibits an extension of the posterior extremity not found in any of the specimens examined of this new species. Material from the type locality of Gabb's species closely conforms to the figure given by him. Found associated with this new species were: Crepidula princeps Conrad, Area osmonti Dall, dementia pertenuis Gabb, Panopc genc- rosa Gould, Pcctcn bowersi Arnold, P. perrini Arnold, PJiacoidcs acutilineatus Conrad, Spisula albaria Conrad. Genus CLEMENTIA Gray Type : Venus papyracea Gray Clementia inequalis Wiedey, sp. nov. Plate 18, figures 4, 5 Shell of moderate size, subquadrilateral in outline, equivalve but very inequilateral, quite inflated and thin shelled. Anterior dorsal margin short and gently convex, dropping nearly vertically from tbe beaks ; anterior dorsal margin broadly rounded while the basal mar- gin exhibits a smaller degree of curvature. Tbe posterior dorsal ex- tremity is more sharply rounded, about the same degree above as below. Posterior dorsal margin long, gently convexly curving, sloping gradually away from the beaks. The umbones are at tbe anterior end of the shell, prominent, inflated, broadly convex, and gently in- curved. Beaks small, incurved, prosogyrous, and slightly elevated. The sculpture consists of concentric waves of rounded cross section which are more prominent on the umbones. Toward the margin of the disk the concentric sculpture tends to be reduced to fine concen- tric lines which are quite closely spaced. Occasionally fine thread-like lines sculpture the waves. Lunule small and only slightly sunken below the beaks. It is well defined and of cordate outline. Length, 45 mm. ; breadth, 38 mm. ; thickness of the combined valves, 23 mm. Holotype: S.D.S.N.H. type collection, type number 34, collected from S.D.S.N.H. and L.S.J. U. locality 406. This form was secured from the west end of South Mountain in outcropping beds along the Santa Clara River, a few feet above the river bed on its east bank, 86 Geology of California, Paleontology, Vol. 2, p. 57, pi. 15, fig. 16, 1869. VVlEDEY VaQUEROS AND TEMBLOR OF THE CALIFORNIA MlOCENE 147 two miles southwest of Santa Paula, Ventura County, California. Paratype: L.S.J.U. type collection, type number 426. L. Wm. YViedey, collector; Yaqueros formation, lower Miocene. This new species can be confused with hut few known species of the genus dementia. It resembles in external outline most closely C. (dementia) dariena dariena Conrad87 of the middle .Miocene of Colombia, but has straighter posterior ventral and dorsal margins with a much more broadly rounded dorsal extremity than the South American species. It differs from the common Tertiary form from California, C. (Egesta) pertcnuis Gabb,88 in being much more inequi- lateral, in having a much shorter anterior dorsal margin, smaller an- terior dorsal area, and beaks less markedly separated from the main body of the shell. Found occuring with this species were: Rapana imperialis Hert- lein and Jordan, R. vaquerosensis Arnold, Turritella inezana Conrad, Cardinal vaquerosensis Arnold, Dosinia mathewsonii Gabb, Panope generosa Gould, Peeten sespeensis hydei Arnold. Clementia (?) elongata Wiedey, sp. now Plate 18, figure 6 Shell of moderately large size, thin, ovoid in outline, distinctly inequilateral, and only gently inflated. Anterior dorsal margin short and sloping concavely away from the beak to the extremity, which is sharply rounded above, less so below. The basal margin is very gently convexly rounded to the posterior dorsal extremity, which is broadly rounded. The posterior dorsal margin is nearly straight and slopes gradually away from the beak. Umbo not large, but promi- nent, convexly rounded, and slightly elevated. Beak small, sharp, elevated, and strongly prosogyrous. The sculpture consists of con- centric waves, which are regularly rounded and separated by inter- spaces of about the same width, similarly rounded. Toward the basal margin the sculpture is much weaker than on the umbo. Lunule ap- parently shallow and not large. Length, 56 mm. ; breadth, 42 mm. ; thickness of a single valve, 12 mm. Holotype: Left valve ; S.D.S.N.H. type collection, type number 35, from S.D.S.N.H. and L.S.J.U. locality 432. Collected from the east 87 U.S. Geological Survey, Professional Paper No. 147, part C, p. 34, pi. 14, figs. 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11. 1926. 88 Op. cit., p. 40, pi. 16, figs. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6. 148 San Diego Society of Natural History slope of the first ridge west of Syncline Hill, two miles west of Simmler, San Luis Obispo County, California. Merrill E. Lake, col- lector ; Temblor formation, middle Miocene. This rather distinctive form, which bears a closer resemblance to the genus dementia than to any other genus to which it might be assigned, because of its shape, thin shell, and characteristic sculpture, differs from other known species of dementia in being very ex- tended anteriorly and posteriorly, in having a moderately long straight ventral margin, and in having the beak greatly elevated, sharp, and separated from the main body of the shell. It is here tentatively as- signed to this genus because of the similarities noted above. Found associated were: Agasoma barkerianum Cooper, Anti- planes piercei Arnold, Crepidula princeps Conrad, Melongena cali- fornica Anderson and Martin, Turritella ocoyana Conrad, Chione panzana Anderson and Martin, C. temblorensis F. M. Anderson, dementia pertenuis Gabb, Cytherea dumblei F. M. Anderson, Dosi- nia mathewsonii Gabb, Peeteu andersoni Arnold. Superfamily Tellinacea Blainville Family TELLINIDAE Deshayes Genus TELLINA (Linne) Lamarck Type : T. virgata Linne Tellina oldroydi Wiedey, sp. nov. Plate 19, figure 3 Shell of large size, elongate, and subovate in outline, slightly in- equivalve, perceptibly inequilateral, gently inflated, and thin shelled. Anterior dorsal margin long, nearly straight, or slightly convex ; an- terior dorsal extremity quite sharply rounded, with the basal margin regularly but very broadly rounded. The posterior dorsal extremity is subtruncate, with the margin sloping straight from the beaks at an angle similar to that taken by the anterior dorsal margin. Pos- terior end gaping and twisted to the right. Lmibones not large and only gently elevated. The beaks are situated in the posterior portion of the shell, inturned, and pointed posteriorly. The shell is smooth but for the concentric, incremental lines of growth. The posterior portion of the right valve shows a depressed area separated from the WlEDEY — VAQUEROS AND TEMBLOH OF III E ( )ALIFORN I a M [OCENE 149 main body of the shell by a distinct shoulder, which passes from the heaks to the posterior extremity. ( hi the left valve in the position of the shoulder on the opposite valve, a faint sulcus is developed. Length, 68 mm. ; breadth, 48 mm. ; thickness of both valves, 20 mm. Holotypc: S.D.S.N.H type collection, type number 36, from S. D.S.N. H. and L.S.J.U. locality 425. Collected from the canyon trending west from the head of Dry Canyon, at the base of the east- west ridge forming the divide, two miles south of Calabasas, Santa Monica Mountains, Los Angeles County, California. L. Win. Wiedey, collector; Temblor formation, middle Miocene. The form, T. nevadensis Anderson and Martin,89 of the Temblor, while similar to this new species, is more elongate anteriorly, less elongate posteriorly, and has a more sharply rounded anterior ex- tremity. Among the living forms it is resembled by T. In tea Gray,90 living in Alaska, but possesses a straighter ventral margin, a less elongate posterior extremity, and a greater thickness than that liv- ing form. Found occurring with this species were: Bulla cantua'ensis Ander- son and Martin, Cancellaria condoni Cooper, Murex topangensis Arnold. Calyptraca radians Linne, Turrit ella ocoyana Conrad, T. temblorensis Wiedey. sp. nov., dementia pertenuis Gabb, Dosinia mathewsanii Gabb. Xamed for Mrs. I. S. Oldroyd, whose assistance in comparison of the recent shells has aided frequently in the study of the fossil forms. Genus MACOMA Leach, 1819 Type: M. tenera Leach Macoma copelandi Wiedey, sp. nov. Plate 19, figure 2 Shell of small size, subovate in outline, distinctly inequi valve, very inequilateral, and quite inflated. Anterior dorsal margin long, sloping at a very low angle from the beaks and gently convex in contour. The anterior dorsal extremity is regularly but more sharply rounded. 89 Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences, 4th ser.. Vol. 4, No. 3, p. 61, pi. 2, figs. 3a, 3b, 3c, 1914. 90 Conchologia Inconica, Vol. 17, pi. 19, sp. 97a, 97b, 1870. 150 San Diego Society of Natural History The basal margin is gently rounded. Posterior dorsal extremity sharply truncated and twisted with the posterior dorsal margin nearly straight, but sloping away quite sharply from the beaks. Umbones elevated, prominent, and sharp, more markedly on the right than on the left valve ; beaks prominent, elevated slightly, adjacent, inturned, and sharp. A faint fold passes from the beak on the right valve to the posterior dorsal extremity, in front of which there is a distinct depression. The posterior end of the shell is turned to the right and is more apparent on the right than on the left valve, since the left valve is broadly convex and shows no folding. Strong concentric in- cremental lines of growth are the only visible sculpture. Length, 30 mm. ; breadth, 20 mm. ; thickness of the attached valves, 10 mm. Holotype: S.D.S.N.H. type collection, type number 37, from S.D.S.N.H. and L.S.J.U. locality 432. Collected from the east slope of the first ridge west of Syncline Hill, two miles west of Simmler, San Luis Obispo County, California. L. Wm. Wiedey, collector ; Temblor formation, middle Miocene. This new species of Macoma is differentiated from its resemblant form, M. indentata Carpenter, var. tenuirostris Dall,91 in being longer, more inflated anteriorly, and in lacking the prominent shoulder found in the posterior portion of the varietal form. It is resembled in some respects by M. andcrsoni Clark,92 but is more elongate and much more inequilateral. Found associated with this new species were : Agasoma barkeri- ainim Cooper, Antiplanes piercei Arnold, Crepidula princcps Conrad, Melongena calif ornica Anderson and Martin, Turritella ocoyana Con- rad, Chione panzana Anderson and Martin, C. temblorensis F. M. Anderson, dementia pertcnuis Gabb, CytJicrea dumblei F. M. Ander- son, Dosinia mathewsonii Gabb, Pcctcn andcrsoni Arnold. Xamed for Mr. G. Copeland Williams in recognition of his valued interest in this work. Macoma panzana Wiedey, sp. nov. Plate 19, figure 1 Shell of this species large, of subcircular outline, slightly inequi- lateral, thin shelled, and well inflated. Anterior dorsal margin gently 91 Proceedings of the U.S. National Museum, Vol. 23, p. 309, 1901. 92 University of California Publications, Bulletin of the Department of Geology, Vol. 8, No. 22, p. 473, pi. 61, fig. 12, 1915. WlEDEY VAQUEROS AND TEMBLOR OF THE CALIFORNIA MlOCENE 151 convexly rounded, sloping quite sharply downward from the beak to the extremity, where it is very broadly rounded. The basal margin is broadly convex to the posterior dorsal extremity, which is trun- cated. The posterior dorsal margin slopes nearly straight down from the beak to the extremity. Umbo rather large, inflated, prominently rounded, and broad ; beak small, slightly elevated, inconspicuous, and situated slightly posterior to the middle of the valve. A moderately sharp fold, in front of which, on the main body of the shell, there is a slightly depressed area, extends from the beak to the posterior dor- sal extremity. Concentric incremental lines of growth form the only sculpturing. Length, 60 mm. ; breadth, 53 mm. ; thickness of the single valve, 1 1 mm. Holotypc: S.D.S.N.H. type collection, type number 38, from S.D.S.N.H. and L.S.J.U. locality 432. Collected from the east slope of the first ridge west of Syncline Hill, two miles west of Simmler, San Luis Obispo County, California. L. Wm. Wiedey, collector; Temblor formation, middle Miocene. This unusually broadly rounded species of Macoma is approached most clearly in the similarity by M. sccta Conrad, var. edulis Nuttall, a living form from the California coast, but lacks the prominent fold on the posterior portion with the flaring area posterior to it. This new species is more broadly rounded in outline than M. secta Con- rad93 and lacks the large area posterior to the beaks found in that species. Superfamily Mactracea Gray Family MACTRIDAE Gray Genus SPISULA Gray Type: Mactra solida (Linne) Gray, 1847 Spisula abbotti Wiedey, sp. nov. Plate 19, figures 4, 5 Shell moderate in size, subtriangular in outline, equivalve, inequi- lateral, thick-set, well inflated, and possesses a heavy shell. The an- 93 U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin No. 396, p. 146, pi. 20, fig. 1, 1909. 152 San Diego Society of Natural History terior dorsal margin is long, gently concave, and slopes sharply away from the beaks to the anterior dorsal extremity, which is quite ab- ruptly rounded. Basal margin regularly slightly rounded ; posterior dorsal margin moderately long and sloping quickly away from the beaks, being slightly concave in contour. The posterior dorsal ex- tremity is less sharply rounded than is the corresponding anterior portion. Umbones very large, prominent, inflated, incurved, exhibit- ing no distinct umbonal ridge. Beaks moderately large, situated in the anterior portion of the shell, elevated, and slightly prosogyrous. The posterior portion of the shell is the more inflated and the point of greatest thickness falls well up on the valves, just posterior to the beaks. In the attached valves the posterior dorsal areas form together a flattened area which is broad and bounded by sharply rounded, though not angular, shoulders in that portion of the shell. Length, 58 mm. ; breadth, 42 mm. ; thickness of the attached valve, 31 mm. Holotypc: S.D.S.N.H. type collection, type number 39, from S.D.S.N.H. and L.S.J.U. locality 440. Collected two miles northwest of the power house at the mouth of Kern Canyon, Kern County, California. \Y. C. Mendenhall, collector; Temblor formation, middle Miocene. This species of Spisula is resembled by the common fossil species, S. albaria Conrad,'14 but has a much sharper anterior dorsal extremity, longer, more gently sloping anterior dorsal margin, with sharper um- bones than the latter form. Among the living forms it is most closely approximated by S. planulata Conrad, 95 but it is thicker, higher, more equilateral and with a sharper anterior dorsal extremity than the liv- ing species. This new species is named in honor of Mr. C. G. Abbott, whose great interest in natural history is recognized. Spisula granti Wiedey, sp. nov. Plate 20, figures 2, 3 Shell thick and of large size and subtrigonal in outline ; equivalve, equilateral, well inflated. Anterior dorsal margin of moderate length, 04 U.S. Geological Survey, Professional Paper 59, append. 1, p. 150, fig. 4, 1909. 95 Journal of the Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia, Vol. 7, p. 240, 1837. W'ikdkv — Vaqueros and Tkmblor of the California M [ocene 15.1 sloping away from the beaks rather sharply, either straight or gently concave in contour. The anterior dorsal extremity is more sharply rounded above than below. The basal margin is regularly and broadly rounded to the posterior dorsal extremity, which is rather more sharply rounded. Posterior dorsal margin nearly straight, sloping at an angle similar to that assumed by the corresponding anterior fea- ture. Cmbones prominent, sharply convexly inflated and elevated without a distinct umbonal ridge ; beaks large, blunt, strongly in- turned, adjacent, and situated equidistantly from either extremity of the shell. The sculpture consists of concentric incremental lines which are fine and close-set. Lunule obscured but apparently not deep, but cordate in outline and of moderate size. The ligament is in a shallow excavated groove which is about half the length of the posterior dorsal margin. Two poorly defined ridges outline the pos- terior area of the shell and extend to the posterior extremity, but do not markedly separate this area from the main body of the shell. Length, 68 mm. ; breadth, 57 mm. ; thickness of attached valves, 35 mm. Holotypc: S.D.S.N.H. type collection, type number 40, from S.D.S.N.H. and L.S.J.U. locality 200. Collected from the SE yA of Section 9, T. 20 S., R. 6 E., in the Junipero Serra quadrangle on the east side of Vaqueros Creek, Monterey County, California. L. Wm. Wiedey, collector ; Vaqueros formation, lower Miocene. This new species of Spisula is resembled by S. albaria Conrad,96 but lacks the truncation of the posterior extremity and the very sharp rounding of the anterior extremity of that species. It apparently is thinner than Conrad's type. This new fossil form is in some respects resembled by 5. falcata Gould,97 now living in the Gulf of California, from which it differs in its greater thickness, greater proportionate height, and more prominent umbones. Found occurring with this species were : Rapana vaquerosensis Arnold, Turritella inesana Conrad, Cardinal vaquerosensis Arnold, Chione sp. (large, sp. undet.), Dosinia mathewsonii Gabb. This new species is named in recognition of the great aid and encouragement given the writer by Mr. U. S. Grant IV. 96 U.S. Geological Survey, Professional Paper 59, append. 1, p. 150, tig. 4, 1909 97 Stanford University Publications, University Series, Geological Sciences, Vol. 1, No. 1, p. 195, pi. 20, figs. 1, 2, 3, 1924. 154 San Diego Society of Natural History section asthenodonta Superfamily Myacea Menke Family SAXICAVIDAE Gray Genus PANOPE Menard, 1807 Type : Mya glycimeris Born Panope tenuis Wiedey, sp. nov. Plate 20, figure 4 Shell large, elongate-ovate in outline, apparently equivalve, very inequilateral, and of thinly cordate cross section. Anterior dorsal margin short and sloping gently from the beaks, slightly convex in contour ; anterior dorsal extremity broadly and evenly rounded with the basal margin very long and nearly straight. Posterior extremity widely gaping and broadly rounded below ; posterior dorsal margin long and very slightly concave. Umbones not large but slightly elevated and strongly inturned. Beaks small, adjacent, situated in the anterior portion of the shell, slightly prosogyrous, and not prominent. The sculpture consists of concentric waves of rounded cross section, finer on the umbones than on the outer margins of the shell, where they have a tendency to become but irregularly spaced ridges. Fine thread-like incremental lines of growth mark the shell concentrically, more prominently on the dorsal areas. Shell quite thin. The greatest convexity of the form occurs just posterior to the beaks, less than midway between the ventral and dorsal margins, closer to the latter. Length, 128 mm. ; breadth, 60 mm. ; thickness of the attached valves, about 50 mm. Holotype: S.D.S.N.H. type collection, type number 41, from S.D.S.N.H. and L.SJ.U. locality 432. Collected from the east side of the first ridge west of Syncline Hill, two miles west of Simmler, San Luis Obispo County, California. M. E. Lake, collector; Temblor formation, middle Miocene. This new species of Panope is somewhat resembled by the com- mon living form, P. gencrosa Gould,98 which ranges back to the Oligocene, but lacks the great breadth of shell found in that living species. The very inequilateral form of this new species is a dis- 98 U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin No. 396, p. 142, pi. 18, fig. 4, 1909. WlEDEV — VAQUEROS AND TEMBLOR OF THE CALIFORNIA MlOCENE 155 tinctive characteristic and serves as a means of separating it from /'. ramonensis Clark,'"-' a fossil species from the San Lorenzo forma- tion of Oligocene age. This new form is to be distinguished from P. estrellanus Conradluu by the latter's more equilateral shape with greater breadth compared to its length. While the type has been slightly crushed, its form has not been distorted and its original character not obscured. Found occurring with this new species were: Agasoma bar- kerianum Cooper, Antiplanes piercei Arnold, Crepidula prmceps Conrad, Melongena californica Anderson and Martin, Turritella oco- yana Conrad, Chione pansana Anderson and Martin, C. temblorensis F. M. Anderson, dementia pertennis Gabb, Cytherea dumblei F. M. Anderson, Dosinia mathewsonii Gabb, Pecten andersoni Arnold. Subkingdom VERMES CLASS ANNELIDA Order POLYCHAETA Suborder Tubicola Genus SERPULA Linne Serpula careyi Wiedey, sp. nov. Plate 20, figure 1 Individuals of this new species of worm tubes are generally be- tween two and three millimeters in diameter and attain lengths of over eighty millimeters. The tests are probably not sculptured but are rough to a slight degree on the surface and are thin. They are not straight but curve slightly, in rare cases they may curve sharply. They are often matted closely together in the rock and have their interiors filled with some foreign material. Holotype: S.D.S.N.H. type collection, type number 42, collected from S.D.S.N.H. and L.SJ.U. locality 439. This form was collected from a piece of float at the confluence of Cantinas Creek with the 99 University of California Publications, Bulletin of the Department of Geo- logical Sciences, Vol. 13, No. 4, p. 106, pi. 10, figs. 2, 3, 1924. ioo Pacific Railroad Reports, Vol. 7, p. 194, pi. 7, fig. 5, 1857. 156 San Diego Society of Natural History Nacimiento River, San Luis Obispo County, California. L. Wm. Wiedey, collector ; Vaqueros formation, lower Miocene. These featureless forms of low order of animal life are apparently not agglutinated forms, as those described by Dall101 from the Astoria beds of Oregon, of Miocene age. Nor are they as large and massive or compact as those described by Dall. Because of the indistinctive character of this type of fossil, it is extremely difficult to be certain of its systematic position. It is, however, assigned here tentatively in the manner considered most expedient. 101 U.S. Geological Survey, Professional Paper No. 59, p. 138, pi. 20, figs. 1, 2, 1909. EXPLANATION OF PLATES 158 San Diego Society of Natural History PLATE 9 FIGURE PAGE 1. Architectonic a compressa Wiedey, sp. nov 109 X \y2. Holotype No. 12, S.D.S.N.H. type collection, from S.D.S.N.H. and L.S.J.U. locality 428. Collected two miles southeast of El Modena, Orange County, California. Temblor formation, middle Miocene. 2. Architectonica compressa Wiedey, sp. nov 109 X \y2. Umbilical view of figure 1. 3. Conns jnanensis Wiedey, sp. nov 123 Natural size. Holotype No. 16, S.D.S.N.H. type collection, from S.D.S.N.H. and L.S.J.U. locality 432. Collected from eastern San Luis Obispo County, California. Temblor forma- tion, middle Miocene. 4. Rapana serrai Wiedey, sp. nov 116 Natural size. Holotype No. 13, S.D.S.N.H. type collection, from S.D.S.N.H. and L.S.J.U. locality 442. Collected in the Nacimiento River region of San Luis Obispo County, Cali- fornia. Vaqueros formation, lower Miocene. 5. Rapana serrai Wiedey, sp. nov 116 Natural size. Apertural view of figure 4. 6. Rapana serrai Wiedey, sp. nov 116 Natural size. Back view of figure 4. W'ih'iy \ \(uiK(i> knd Temblor of rHE California Miocenb I 'I Ml 9 160 San Diego Society of Natural History PLATE 10 FIGURE PAGE 1. Turrit ella ocoyana Conrad 120 Natural size. Plesiotype No. 47, S.D.S.N.H. type collection, from S.D.S.N.H. and L.S.J.U. locality 432. Collected in east- ern San Luis Obispo County, California. Temblor formation, middle Miocene. 2. Turritella ocoyana Conrad 120 Natural size reproduction of one of the type figures of the species given by Conrad. 3. Turritella ocoyana Conrad 120 Natural size. Plesiotype No. 43, S.D.S.N.H. type collection, from the same locality as figure 1. 4. Turritella ocoyana Conrad 120 Natural size reproduction of another of the type figures of the species given by Conrad. 5. Turritella ocoyana Conrad 120 Natural size reproduction of what is probably the reverse of figure 4, given by Conrad along with figures 2 and 4. 6. Turritella ocoyana Conrad 120 Natural size. Rephotograph of the holotype of T. wittichi Hertlein and Jordan. This form is considered intermediate between T. bosei Hertlein and Jordan and T. ocoyana Conrad, but more closely allied to the latter. 7. Turritella bosei Hertlein and Jordan 117 Natural size. Plesiotype No. 44, S.D.S.N.H. type collection, from S.D.S.N.H. and L.S.J.U. locality 442. Collected at Barker's Ranch, Kern County, California. Temblor formation, middle Miocene. This form is intermediate between T. oco- yana Conrad and T. bosei Hertlein and Jordan, but more closely allied to the latter. 8. Turritella ocoyana Conrad 120 Natural size. Collected in Lower California. Figured to show some of the characteristics of T. bosei Hertlein and Jordan and T. ocoyana Conrad in the same individual. It is appar- ently closer to the latter species. 9. Turritella ocoyana Conrad 120 Natural size reproduction of one of the type figures of the species given by Conrad. WlEDEV VaQI EROS \NI> TEMBLOR 01 I Mi: CALIFORNIA MlOCENE LATE 10 162 San Diego Society of Natural History PLATE 11 FIGURE PAGE 1. Turritella bosei Hertlein and Jordan 117 Natural size. Plesiotype No. 45, S.D.S.N.H. type collection, from S.D.S.N.H. and L.S.J .U. locality 428. Collected two miles southeast of El Modena, Orange County, California. Temblor formation, middle Miocene. 2. Turritella bosei Hertlein and Jordan 117 Natural size. Plesiotype No. 46, S.D.S.N.H. type collection, from the same locality as figure 1. 3. Turritella bosei Hertlein and Jordan 117 Natural size. Plesiotype No. 427, L.S.J. U. type collection, from S.D.S.N.H. and L.SJ.U. locality 442. Collected at Barker's Ranch, Kern County, California. Temblor forma- tion, middle Miocene. This individual shows the aperture and variation found in the species. 4. Turritella teiubloreusis Wiedey, sp. nov 122 Natural size. Syntype No. IS. S.D.S.N.H. type collection, from S.D.S.N.H. and L.S.J.U. locality 425. Collected from a tributary of Dry Canyon, two miles south of Calabasas, Los Angeles County, California. Temblor formation, middle Mio- cene. 5. Turritella bosei Hertlein and Jordan 117 Natural size. Plesiotype No. 428, L.S.J.U. type collection, from the same locality as figures 1 and 2. (). Turritella bosei Hertlein and Jordan 117 X %. Rephotograph of the syntype, from Lower California, now in the L.S.J.U. type collection, for the purposes of com- paring with other figured individuals. Gerontic whorls of the syntype show similarity to whorls of T. ocoyana Conrad. 7. Turritella temblor ensis Wiedey, sp. nov 122 Natural size reproduction of a form figured by Arnold as T. variata Conrad. 8. Turritella tcmbloreusis Wiedey, sp. nov 122 Natural size reproduction of another form figured with figure 7 as T. ocoyana Conrad. 9. Turritella teiubloreusis Wiedey, sp. nov 122 Natural size. Syntype No. 419, L.S.J.U. type collection, from the same locality as figure 4. W'ikih-y Vaqueros ami Temblor of the California Mioi ene Plate 11 164 San Diego Society of Natural History PLATE 12 FIGURE PAGE 1. Turritella inezana Conrad, var. pertumida Wiedey, var. nov. 119 Natural size. Holotype No. 14, S.D.S.N.H. type collection, from S.D.S.N.H. and L.S.J.U. locality 441. Collected from Corral de Piedra, five miles east of San Luis Obispo, San Luis Obispo County, California. Vaqueros formation, lower Miocene. 2. Turritella inezana Conrad 119 Natural size. Plesiotype No. 48, S.D.S.N.H. type collection, from the same locality as figure 1. Typical of the species. 3. Turritella inezana Conrad 1 19 Natural size. Plesiotype No. 429, L.S.J.U. type collection, from the same locality as figures 1 and 2. Indicates the di- rection and amount of variation of the species. 4. 'Turritella inezana Conrad, var. sespeensis Arnold 121 Natural size. Plesiotype No. 49, S.D.S.N.H. type collection, from S.D.S.N.H. and L.S.J.U. locality 445. Collected from Squaw Flat, Sespe Oil district, Ventura County, California. Vaqueros formation, lower Miocene. The individual figured is a far better specimen than the type (which seemingly was figured upside down), collected from near the type locality. 5. Turritella variata Conrad 120 Natural size reproduction of the type figure of the species given by Conrad. It shows the tendency toward tabulation of the top of the whorl. 6. Turritella inezana Conrad, var. pertumida Wiedey, var. nov.. 119 Natural size. Paratype No. 418, L.S.J.U. type collection, from the same locality as figure 1. 7. Turritella inezana Conrad 119 Natural size. Plesiotype No. 430, L.S.J.U. type collection, from the same locality as figure 1. Shows the tendency to- ward nearly flat sided whorls. 8. Turritella variata Conrad 120 Natural size. Plesiotype No. SO, S.D.S.N.H. type collection, from the same locality as figure 1. Shows the heavily sculp- tured, strongly tabulate topped whorls, considered typical of the species. W'iiiu.y Vaqueros and Temblor of rHE California Miocene Plate 12 166 San Diego Society of Natural History PLATE 13 FIGURE PAGE 1. Area scspcoisis Wiedey, sp. nov 125 Natural size. Holotype No. 17, S.D.S.N.H. type collection, from S.D.S.N.H. and L.S.J.U. locality 407. Collected from the mouth of the Little Sespe Creek, north of Fillmore, Ven- tura County, California. Vaqueros formation, lower Miocene. 2. Area hamelini Wiedey, sp. nov 126 Natural size. Holotype No. 18, S.D.S.N.H. type collection, from the same locality as figure 1. 3. Area rivulata Wiedey, sp. nov 128 Natural size. Holotype No. 20, S.D.S.N.H. type collection, from S.D.S.N.H. and L.S.J.U. locality 432. Collected in eastern San Luis Obispo County, California. Temblor forma- tion, middle Miocene. 4. Area lakei Wiedey, sp. nov : 127 Natural size. Holotype No. 19, S.D.S.N.H. type collection, from the same locality as figure 3. 5. Area lakci Wiedey, sp. nov 127 Natural size. Full view of the form illustrated in figure 4. 6. Area perdisparis Wiedey, sp. nov 131 Natural size. Holotype No. 23, S.D.S.N.H. type collection, from S.D.S.N.H. and L.S.J.U. locality 443, from the same locality as figure 1, plate 14. 7. Area abispoana Conrad 131 Natural size. Plesiotype No. 432, L.S.J.U. type collection, from S.D.S.N.H. and L.S.J.U. locality 445. Collected from Wagon Wheel Mountain, Kern County, California. Temblor formation, middle Miocene. This specimen is figured to illus- trate the characteristics of Conrad's species, which has been quite disregarded. 8. Area galei Wiedey, sp. nov 129 Natural size. Holotype No. 21, S.D.S.N.H. type collection, from S.D.S.N.H. and L.S.J.U. locality 427. Collected from Benedict Canyon, Santa Monica Mountains, Los Angeles County, California. Temblor formation, middle Miocene. 9. Area procumbens Wiedey, sp. nov 132 Natural size. Top view of the combined valves of this species, from S.D.S.N.H. and L.S.J.U. locality 444. Collected five miles north of Yaquina Head, Lincoln County, Oregon. Mid- dle ( ?) Miocene. 10. Area procumbens Wiedey, sp. nov 132 Natural size. Syntype No. 24, left valve, S.D.S.N.H. type collection, from the same locality as figure 9. 11. Area procumbens Wiedey, sp. nov 132 Natural size. Syntype No. 420, L.S.J.U. type collection, from the same locality as figures 9, 10. W'ikdkv — Vaqueros and Temblor of the California Mio< enb Plate 13 168 San Diego Society of Natural History PLATE 14 FIGURE PAGE 1. Area perdisparis Wiedey, sp. nov 131 Natural size. Plesiotype No. 433, L.S.J.U. type collection, from S.D.S.N.H. and L.S.J.U. locality 443. Collected three- quarters of a mile southwest of Zayante Station, Monterey County, California. These casts are apparently variants of this variable species. Monterey formation, middle Miocene. 2. . lica impavida Wiedey, sp. nov 130 Natural size. Holotype No. 436, L.S.J.U. type collection, from S.D.S.N.H. and L.S.J.U. locality 442. Collected at the Barker Ranch locality of Kern County, California. Temblor formation, middle Miocene. 3. Area impavida Wiedey, sp. nov 130 Natural size. Full view of the individual, figure 1. 4. Ptcria Jordan i Wiedev, sp. nov 134 * X yA. Holotype No. 25, S.D.S.N.H. type collection, from S.D.S.N.H. and L.S.J.U. locality 425. Collected from a small canyon which trends westward from the head of Dry Canyon, two miles south of Calabasas, Los Angeles County, California. Temblor formation, middle Miocene. W'ikdkv -Vaqueros and Temblor ob mi California Miocens A I E 14 £ S / 170 San Diego Society of Natural History PLATE 15 FIGURE _ PAGE 1. Ostrea howelli Wiedey, sp. nov 135 Natural size. Holotype No. 26, S.D.S.N.H. type collection, from S.D.S.N.H and L.S.J.U. locality 446. Collected from a locality in the Mt. Pinos quadrangle, five and one-half miles northeast of Wheeler's Hot Springs, Ventura County, Califor- nia. Middle (?) or upper (?) Miocene. 2. Ostrea howelli Wiedey, sp. nov 135 Natural size. Interior aspect of the individual, figure 1. 3. Pteria jordani Wiedey, sp. nov 134 X %. Paratype No. 421, L.S.J.U. type collection, from S.D.S.N.H. and L.S.J.U. locality 425. Collected from a small canyon which trends westward from the head of Dry Canyon, two miles south of Calabasas, Los Angeles County, California. Temblor formation, middle Miocene. Wihdky — Vaqueros and Temblor of the California Mkx ene I 'I ate IS 172 San Diego Society of Natural History PLATE 16 RE PAGE Pecten (Chlamys) erici Wiedey, sp. nov 137 Natural size. Holotype No. 27, S.D.S.N.H. type collection, from S.D.S.N.H. and L.S.J.U. locality 406. Collected from the west end of South Mountain where it is truncated by the Santa Clara River, two miles southwest of Santa Paula, Ven- tura County, California. Vaqueros formation, lower Miocene. Spondylus inezana Wiedey, sp. nov 139 Natural size. Holotype No. 29, S.D.S.N.H. type collection, from S.D.S.N.H. and L.S.J.U. locality 437. Collected at the head of Wiley Canyon, Piru quadrangle, Ventura County, California. Vaqueros formation, lower Miocene. Spondylus inezana Wiedey, sp. nov 139 Natural size. Full view of the individual, hgure 1. WlEDEY — VaQUEROS AND TEMBLOR 01 THB CALIFORNIA MlOCENE l If, • . V' \r 174 San Diego Society of Natural History PLATE 17 FIGURE PAGE 1. Pholadomya kcrnensis Wiedey, sp. nov 141 Natural size. Holotype No. 437, L.SJ.U. type collection, from S.D.S.N.H. and L.SJ.U. locality 438. Collected north of Poso Creek, Kern County, California. Temblor formation, middle Miocene. 2. Pholadomya kcrnensis Wiedey, sp. nov 141 Natural size. Top view of the individual, figure 1. 3. Cardium schcncki Wiedey, sp. nov 143 Natural size. Paratype No. 32, S.D.S.N.H. type collection, from S.D.S.N.H. and L.SJ.U. locality 425. Collected from a small canyon trending westward from the head of Dry Can- yon, two miles south of Calabasas, Los Angeles County, Cali- fornia. Temblor formation, middle Miocene. 4. Cardium schcncki Wiedey, sp. nov 143 Natural size. Paratype No. 431, L.SJ.U. type collection, from the same locality as figure 1. 5. Cardium arciunbona Wiedey, sp. nov 142 Natural size. Holotype No. 31, S.D.S.N.H. type collection, from S.D.S.N.H. and L.SJ.U. locality 432. Collected in east- ern San Luis Obispo County, California. Temblor formation, middle Miocene. 6. Spondylus perrini Wiedey, sp. nov 138 Natural size. Holotype No. 28, S.D.S.N.H. type collection, from S.D.S.N.H. and L.S.J. U. locality 437. Collected at the head of Wiley Canyon, Piru quadrangle, Ventura County, California. Vaqueros formation, lower Miocene. 7. Spondylus perrini Wiedey, sp. nov 138 Natural size. Full view of the individual illustrated in figure 6. WlEDEY— VaQUEROS AND TEMBLOR OF THE CALIFORNIA Mini ink Plate 17 176 San Diego Society of Natural History PLATE 18 FIGURE PAGE 1. Dosinia margaritana Wiedey, sp. nov 145 Natural size. Holotype No. 33, S.D.S.N.H. type collection, from S.D.S.N.H. and L.SJ.U. locality 436. Collected in east- ern San Luis Obispo County, near La Panza, California. Vaqueros formation, lower Miocene. 2. Dosinia margaritana Wiedey, sp. nov 145 Natural size. Paratype No. 425, L.SJ.U. type collection, from the same locality as figure 1. 3. Dosinia margaritana Wiedey, sp. nov 145 Natural size. End view of the individual illustrated in figure 1. 4. dementia inequalis Wiedey, sp. nov 146 Natural size. Holotype No. 34, S.D.S.N.H. type collection, from S.D.S.N.H. and L.SJ.U. locality 406. Collected two miles southwest of Santa Paula, Ventura County, California. Vaqueros formation, lower Miocene. 5. dementia inequalis Wiedey, sp. nov 146 Natural size. Paratype No. 426, L.SJ.U. type collection, from the same locality as figure 4. 6. dementia (?) elongata Wiedey, sp. nov 147 Natural size. Holotype No. 35, S.D.S.N.H. type collection, from S.D.S.N.H. and L.SJ.U. locality 432. Collected in east- ern San Luis Obispo County, California. Temblor formation, middle Miocene. W'iivihy Vaqueros and Temblor of im. California Mioceni Plate IK L w 178 San Diego Society of Natural History PLATE 19 FIGURE PAGE 1. Macoma panzana Wiedey, sp. nov 150 Natural size. Holotype No. 38, S.D.S.N.H. type collection, from S.D.S.N.H. and L.S.J.U. locality 432. Collected in east- ern San Luis Obispo County, California. Temblor formation, middle Miocene. 2. Macoma copelandi Wiedey, sp. nov 149 X \y2. Holotype No. 37, S.D.S.N.H. type collection, from the same locality as figure 1. 3. Tellina oldroydi Wiedey, sp. nov 148 Natural size. Holotype No. 36, S.D.S.N.H. type collection, from S.D.S.N.H. and L.S.J.U. locality 425. Collected two miles south of Calabasas, Los Angeles County, California. Temblor formation, middle Miocene. 4. Spisula abbotti Wiedey, sp. nov 151 Natural size. Holotype No. 39, S.D.S.N.H. type collection, from S.D.S.N.H and L.S.J.U. locality 440. Collected two miles northwest of the mouth of the Kern River Canyon, Kern County, California. Temblor formation, middle Miocene. 5. Spisula abbotti Wiedey, sp. nov 151 Natural size. Full view of the individual illustrated in figure 4. Wiedey Vaqueros and Temblor of rHE California Miocene I'l.AII 19 180 San Diego Society of Natural History PLATE 20 FIGURE PAGE 1. Serpula careyi Wiedey, sp. nov 155 Natural size. Holotype No. 42, S.D.S.N.H. type collection, from S.D.S.N.H. and L.S.J.U. locality 439. Collected from the Nacimiento River region of San Luis Obispo County, California. Vaqueros formation, lower Miocene. 2. Spisula granti Wiedey, sp. nov 152 Natural size. Holotype No. 40, from S.D.S.N.H. and L.S.J.U. locality 200. Collected from the type section of the Vaqueros formation, Monterey County, California. Vaqueros forma- tion, lower Miocene. 3. Spisula granti Wiedey, sp. nov 152 Natural size. Full view of the individual illustrated in figure 2. 4. Panope tenuis Wiedey, sp. nov 154 Approximately X 2/3. Holotype No. 41, S.D.S.N.H. type col- lection from S.D.S.N.H. and L.S.J.U. locality 432. Collected in eastern San Luis Obispo County, California. Temblor forma- tion, middle Miocene. WlEDEY — VAQUEROS AND TEMBLOR OF THE Cm IFORNIA MlOCENE 'latb 20 - ^"O ■ ; .v. .-•" 311 '- *tt3*^ -1ft J m 182 San Diego Society of Natural History PLATE 21 FIGURE PACK 1. Pteria hertleini Wiedey, sp. nov 133 X%. Holotype No. 434, L.S.J.U. type collection, from S.D.S.N.H. and L.S.J.U. locality 200. Collected from the type section of the Yaqueros in Los Vaqueros Valley, Monterey County, California. Vaqueros formation, lower Miocene. 2. Turritella montereyana Wiedey, sp. nov 123 Natural size. Syntype No. 435, L.S.J.U. type collection, from S.D.S.N.H. and L.S.J.U. locality 447. Collected in the Bryson quadrangle about 1.5 miles south of the San Antonio River, Monterey County, California. Monterey formation, middle Miocene. 3. Turritella montereyana Wiedey, sp. nov 123 Natural size. Syntype No. 51, S.D.S.N.H. type collection, from the same locality as figure 2. W'ikhkv Vaqueros and Temblor of the California Miocene I'i \n, 21 Publications of the San Diego Society of Natural History TRANSACTIONS Vol. I, No. 1, 1905. Pp. 1-25 50 cents Life Areas of California by Frank Stephens Address on Books Relating to Geology, Mineral Resources and Palaeontology of California by A. W. Vogdes Vol. I, No. 2, 1907. Pp. 25-83 Not available A Bibliographical Sketch of Dr. John B. Trask by A. W. Vogdes Mollusks and Brachiopods Collected in San Diego, Calif... by F. W. Kelsey Notes on the Genus Haliotis by Henry Hemphill The Genus Encrinurus by A. W. Vogdes Vol. I, No. 3, 1911. Pp. 85-113 50 cents The Honey Ants of Point Loma, Calif by Percy Leonard Descriptions of Some Varieties of Shells, with Short Notes on the Geo- graphical Range and Means of Distribution of Land Shells by Henry Hemphill Photographing "Red Snow" in Natural Colors by Ford A. Carpenter Vol. II, No. 1, November, 1914. 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Klauber SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA Printed for the Society April 28, 1928 s-yja-s COMMITTEE ON PUBLICATION U. S. Grant, IV, Chairman Fred Baker Clinton G. Abbott, Editor MAY 1 5 1928 THE TRIMORPHODON (LYRE SNAKE) OF CALIFORNIA, WITH NOTES ON THE SPECIES OF THE ADJACENT AREAS BY Laurence M. Klauber GENERAL Cope described the opisthoglyph genus, Trimorphodon, in 1861 , type species lyrophanes, from Lower California. The genus is now known to range from the southern border of the United States south through Mexico and Central America to Panama. In the United States it occurs in Texas", Arizona and Southern California. It may be ex- pected in Southern New Mexico. The present notes have reference primarily to the species inhabiting California, with comparative data on specimens from Arizona and Lower California. Available Material. — In 1924 I described as a new species, Tri- morphodon randenburghi, based on the first specimen of the genus from California recorded in the literature. This specimen appeared to be sufficiently different from Trimorphodon lyrophanes, as taken in Arizona and Lower California, to warrant specific distinction. Subsequently, my attention was called by Dr. F. N. Blanchard to an earlier California specimen in the U. S. National Museum (No. 56327) ; this was taken by the late Julius Hurter at Claremont, Los Angeles County, in 1910, but had not previously been mentioned in the literature. I am advised by Dr. Joseph Grinnell, of the University of Cali- fornia, that in September, 1919, he was shown a specimen oiTrimorpho- don taken by Dr. Cecil Reynolds in the San Gabriel River Canyon, near Azusa, Los Angeles County. This specimen, unfortunately, I have been unable to trace, but the locality record is of interest. In 1927, through the courtesy of Miss Sarah R. Atsatt, I examined 'Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1861, p. 297. "Copeia, 1925, No. 138, p. 7. "Bull. San Diego Zool. Soc, 1924, No. 1, pp. 17-18. 186 San Diego Society of Natural History a California specimen from Tahquitz Creek, near Palm Springs, River- side County; this was taken by B. Silver, January 2, 1927, and is now No. 10499 in the collection of the University of California. In addition to these, I have personally collected in San Diego County, during the years 1926 and 1927, seven specimens, four alive and three found crushed by automobiles upon the highway. Thus, a total of ten California specimens is now available for study and it is possible to point out with greater certainty the differences between the California T. vandenburghi and the Arizona-California T. lyrophanes. Of the latter species I have examined two specimens in the collection of the California Academy of Sciences through the kind- ness of Mr. J. R. Slevin, while eleven specimens in the U. S. National Museum have been available for study through the courtesy of Dr. L. Stejneger. Also, Miss Doris M. Cochran has kindly checked for me the two co-types in the U. S. National Museum collection. Summarizing the material, there have been available ten California, five Arizona and ten Lower California specimens of the genus. Differences between T. lyrophanes and T. vandenburghi. — The consistent differences between the two species may, I think, be referred to under the following heads: (l) Anal plate; (2) Body spots; (3) Coloration. Of the Arizona-Lower California specimens (T. lyrophanes), there are fourteen specimens in which the character of the anal plate can be determined, and, of these, one (U. S. N. M. No. 4680, co-type) has the anal entire. Of the California specimens (T. vandenburghi), nine specimens are determinate and, of these, one (U. C. No. 10499) has a divided anal plate. Thus, in this characteristic, which is evidently varia- ble in the genus, the California specimens tend definitely toward an undivided plate (ll percent divided, 89 percent undivided), while in the Arizona-Lower California specimens the contrary is true (93 percent divided, 7 percent undivided) . The variations in the body spots may be tabulated as follows : Number of Body Spots Specimens Max. Min. Average T. vandenburghi 10 42 30 36.1 T. lyrophanes 12 33 21 27.5 While there is some overlapping, there is a definite tendency toward a higher number of spots in T. vandenburghi. Only one specimen from California has as few spots as the maximum from Arizona-Lower Cali- Klauber — Trimorphodon of California 187 fornia; only three of the latter have as many spots as the minimum of the former. As to color, the differences cannot be put in statistical form. In general, it may be said that T. vandenburghi is the darker and browner of the two. The pattern of this snake is primarily a series of dark brown hexagonal dorsal blotches on a lighter brown ground color. In T. lyrophanes the ground color is gray rather than brown, and the dorsal rhombs are of a lighter shade. In T. vandenburghi the lighter cross marks which split each dorsal blotch are ordinarily less distinct than in T. lyrophanes. The lower labials, chin shields and under-surface of the neck are more generally spotted in T. vandenburghi than in T. lyroph- anes. With the exception of two or three faded adult specimens, colora- tion alone permits segregation at a glance in the case of the twenty-five specimens I have examined. Little has been written concerning Trimorphodon, because speci- mens of the snake do not often come into the hands of collectors. For this reason the following notes on these specimens may be of interest. The life notes are based on observations of the five living specimens of T. vandenburghi that I have collected in San Diego County. TRIMORPHODON VANDENBURGHI Range. — This snake ranges in California at least from Los Angeles County south to the Mexican line and from the ocean to the desert foot- hills. It has been collected at the following localities : Los Angeles County, Claremont (Lower Sonoran San Gabriel Canyon (Upper Sonoran) Riverside County, Tahquitz Creek (Lower Sonoran) San Diego County, Wildwood Ranch (Upper Sonoran) . Type Locality Viejas (Upper Sonoran) Dulzura (Upper Sonoran) Flynn Springs (Lower Sonoran) Shady Dell (Upper Sonoran) San Pasqual (Lower Sonoran) San Onofre (Upper Sonoran) The altitudes of these localities vary from 60 ft. (San Onofre) to 188 San Diego Society of Natural History 2900 ft. (Viejas). Only one specimen is from the desert side of the mountains (Tahquitz Creek). Scutellation. — Scale rows 21, 22 or 23. Ventrals: females 233 to 242, average 237; males 220 to 242, average 231. Anal generally entire (8 entire, 1 divided). Caudals: females 66 to 68 pairs, average 67 males 66 to 80 pairs, average 72. Supralabials usually 8 or 9, rarely 10 infralabials usually 11 or 12, rarely 13. Preoculars 2 or 3, normally 3 postoculars 2 or 3, normally 3. Loreals 2 with a third or subloreal usually present below the posterior loreal. Temporals 2+3, 3+3, 3+4 or 4+5; generally 2+3 or 3+4. Color and Pattern. — The ground color above is brown (straw color in young specimens), darkened on the sides by a multiplicity of black dots, which, however, are generally absent in the scale rows nearest the body blotches, thus causing the latter to stand out more clearly. Upon the ground color is superimposed a series of roughly hexagonal chocolate brown blotches, which constitute the distinctive pattern. These blotches are considerably darker on the edges ond are usually split transversely with an irregular light brown band one scale wide and of a tone similar to the ground color. The dividing bands are usually less evident pos- teriorly. On the sides, the dorsal blotches taper into dark bands one or two scales wide which engage the ventrals. The dorsal blotches number from 30 to 42 (average 36.1) on the body and from 13 to 18 (average 15) on the tail. On the sides, interspersed between the prolongation of the main blotches there is a second series of dark brown marks, thus doubling the frequency of the marks on the sides. Occasionally, par- ticularly toward the tail, members of this second series completely cross the dorsal area between the primary blotches. The secondary series like- wise engages the ventrals. Sometimes a tertiary series is in evidence on the ventrals between the primary and secondary. The ventral color in life is a translucent yellowish white. The upper surface of the head is cholocate brown with a gray lateral band across the front of the prefrontals. A second, more promi- nent, transverse band crosses the center of the frontal and supraoculars, thence turns back behind the eye to the angle of the mouth. There is usually a third light mark on the head in the shape of a "Y" with the apex at the posterior point of the frontal and the branches engaging the neck. A light chevron usually joins the branches of the "Y". It is this last pair of marks that gives this snake its common name of Lyre Snake. The supralabials are white or straw edged with brown. The Klauber — Trimorphodon of California 189 anterior infralabials and genials are generally flecked with brown dots. The colors in this species are more iridescent than any other snake in this area. The dorsal blotches are darkest and the ground color is lightest in the young specimens, which are consequently more conspicuously marked. The adults are more faded and with less contrast. The eye in life is greatly protuberant. The pupil is vertical. The iris is flecked with gray and green. Dimensions. — The largest specimen I have seen, a female, meas- ured (in life) 832 mm. (32.75 in.) over-all; tail length 102 mm. (4 in.). The tail of this specimen is not quite complete. It may be noted that these snakes have a finely tapered tail, an undetermined portion of which is not infrequently missing. In the complete specimens the ratio of the tail length to total length is, in the females about .14, and in the males .16 (.155 to .167). Field and Life Notes. — Although San Diego County has been rather thoroughly worked over by herpetologists, no Trimorphodon had been reported prior to 1924. During the past five years, among over 3000 live snakes from San Diego County brought into the reptile house of the San Diego Zoological Society by amateur collectors, there has been not a single Trimorphodon. Every other of the twenty-five species and subspecies of snakes now known to inhabit this area, except one — Phyllorhynchus decurtatus — was represented in this gathering. It would therefore appear that Trimorphodon, although it must be fairly common and well distributed in this section, is not only nocturnal, but secretes itself in a particularly effective manner. Another nocturnal snake, Hypsiglena ochrorhynchus, is often taken under small stones or rock flakes, but my experience in the taking of five live specimens of Tri- morphodon leads me to believe that this snake deliberately seeks deeper and safer recesses. In two cases snakes were discovered by raising large and close- fitting cap rocks. In another instance the specimen was under a heavy fragment leaning on the side of a boulder but not touching the ground. In the final case which resulted in the capture of two specimens, a thin section of the body of one snake was visible from the surface, deep in a crack between two boulders. This was in the afternoon of a dark and 'While these notes were in press a Trimorphodon was brought in to the Zoological Society by Bert C. Walker. It was collected on the slope of Mt. Helix, San Diego County, and was found under an old horse-collar pad lying with other debris near a burned house. The specimen has 3 1 body spots and anal entire. 190 San Diego Society of Natural History foggy day. So large were the boulders that it took an hour's work on the part of two collectors armed with pinch bars, to extricate the snakes. In my collecting work I have broken off thousands of granite flakes from parent boulders, this being a fruitful collecting method for the taking of a number of species of snakes and lizards, but so far I have failed to find a Trimorphodon under so precarious a protection. At one time I thought that Trimorphodon in San Diego County was restricted to the granite boulder area, for not only were the five live specimens taken in granite, but the first two found dead in the road were in granite country. However, the latest specimen was found on the state highway south of San Onofre, less than a mile from the ocean shore and distant from any rock-strewn area. In such localities ground holes must constitute the daylight refuge. T. vandenburgbi has been taken in January, March, April, May, July and September. In captivity, Trimorphodon vandenburgbi is rather vicious, particu- larly if cornered. While practically helpless in the light, it strikes with fair accuracy in the dark. The tail is rapidly vibrated when the snake is annoyed. When frightened, it progresses with the anterior part of the body raised well off the ground. I was bitten by one specimen with- out noting a result differing from the bite of any harmless snake. How- ever, the posterior teeth probably did not take effect and the snake was given no opportunity to chew. "The posterior maxillary tooth elongate, grooved" (Cope), was with difficulty uncovered even in the largest specimen. It was, I should say, about 3 mm. in length, and very sharp and fine. While the natural food of the species is not known, lizards prob- ably constitute a part of the diet, as some specimens took Xantusia henshawi in captivity. However, the feeding is not easily observed, as the snakes would only feed naturally in the dark and it was therefore necessary to leave the food in the cage. In the instances that I have observed, the snakes fed without constriction. I noted no poisoning effect on the prey, such as was seen by Duges°. TRIMORPHODON LYROPHANES Range. — This snake has been recorded from the following localities in Lower California and Southern Arizona: La Naturaleza (Mexico), 1884, Vol. VI, pp. 145-148. Translation in Stejneger, Annual Report of U. S. N. M. for 1893 (1895), pp. 348-349. Klauber — Trimorphodon of California 191 Lower California Cape San Lucas (Type Locality) La Paz Santa Anita Miraflores San Jose del Cabo Sierra San Lazaro Santa Rosalia Arizona Santa Cruz County, Fort Buchanan Cayetano Mountains, near Calabasas Cochise County, Fort Huachuca Pima County Tucson Range Rosemont There are several other records which are indefinite, as, for instance, "Southern Arizona," "Lower California," etc. There is in the British Museum a skull referred to Trimorphodon biscatatus from "San Ramon, Mexico." This might be either of two San Ramons in Lower California. The definite localities of the specimens of T. lyrophanes and T. vandenburghi are indicated in Plate 22. Two other localities in mainland Mexico where other species of the genus have been taken are also indicated. Scutellation. — Scale rows usually 22 or 23; rarely 20, 21 or 24. Ventrals: 223 to 243, average 232. Anal generally divided (13 divided, 1 entire). Caudals 68 to 81 pairs, average 73. Supralabials usually 8 or 9, rarely 7 or 10; infralabials 10 to 14. Preoculars 2 or 3, normally 3; postoculars normally 3, rarely 4. Loreals two with a posterior subloreal usually present. Temporals 2+3 or 3+4, occasionally 2+4 or 3+3. Body spots 21 to 33, average 27.5, tail spots 10 to 14, average 12. Food. — Two of the National Museum specimens had eaten lizards. Ditmars gives the food (of the genus) as lizards, young snakes and batrachians. Van Denburgh states that a captive specimen "was very pugnacious." "Boulenger, 1896, Cat. Snakes, Vol. Ill, p. 55. 7The Reptile Book, 1908, p. 389. ^Occ. Pap. Cal. Acad. Sci.. X, 1922, Vol. II, p. 887. Klauber — Trimorphodon of California Plate 22 Ki w tBl r -Trimorphodon or California Plati: 23 Fig. 1. Trimorphodon vandenburghi Fig. 2. Trimorphodon vandenburghi. Dorsal view of head, showing lyre- shaped marks from which the snake derives its common name. MAY 1 5 1928 TRANSACTIONS OF THE SAN DIEGO SOCIETY OF NATURAL HISTORY Volume V, No. 12, pp. 195-202, plate 24 A NEW ECHINOID FROM THE CALIFORNIA EOCENE BY Hubert G. Schenck SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA Printed for the Society April 28, 1928 .0 '\ COMMITTEE ON PUBLICATION U. S. Grant, IV, Chairman Fred Baker Clinton G. Abbott, Editor MAY \ 5 1928 A NEW ECHINOID FROM THE CALIFORNIA EOCENE BY Hubert G. Schhnck INTRODUCTION Specimens of fossil echini were collected by members of the Stan- ford Geological Survey from the Eocene rocks on the south side of Santa Paula Peak, Ventura County, California, during the preparation of a geologic map of the United States Geological Survey Santa Paula Quadrangle. The specimens were first submitted to Dr. William S. W. Kew, of Los Angeles, who recognized that they belong to a species not included in his monograph (1920) nor in the subsequent paper by Israelsky (1923). The material was later sent for examination to Dr. Hubert Lyman Clark, of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, Cam- bridge, Massachusetts, and he assures me that there is no doubt that the specimens represent an undescribed species, apparently of the genus Spatangus. He has given me full permission to use his notes concerning the distinguishing features of the species. The recognition of this new species may aid in correlations, both local and interregional (Stefanini, 1924), and the presence of the fossils in this formation should be of assistance in interpreting conditions of sedimentation, since the echini are stenohaline marine forms, and the species of Spatangus living off southern California has a bathymetric range of 45 to 73 fathoms, with extremes of temperature from 56.5° to 52.4 F., according to Clark (1917, p. 236), who has also remarked that no species of the genus occurs in the Recent faunas of the West Indies, Panamic region, nor the American coast north of California. The living representatives occur chiefly in the shallow waters of the northern hemisphere, extend- ing southward in the eastern Atlantic to the Cape of Good Hope region (Clark, 1917, p. 233). OCCURRENCE The specimens occur in an indurated greenish sandstone designated a "quartzite" by Eldridge and Arnold (1907). Microscopic examina- 'The dates in parentheses refer to the papers cited in the accompanying bibliographic refer- ences, page 201. 198 San Diego Society of Natural History tion of the rock discloses an abundance of quartz, feldspar, and chlorite occurring as closely compacted small grains with a non-calcareous cement. The light-colored, irregularly spaced areas that give a mottled appearance to the sandstone may be chiefly due to weathering. Charac- teristic Tejon Eocene molluscan fossils, including Turritelld usasana Conrad, Glycimeris sagittata (Gabb), and Meretrix hornii (Gabb), have been obtained from the formation, which is the basal stratigraphic unit of the Tejon Group in this part of the Santa Ynez Range. The figured specimens were collected by two student-geologists of the Stan- ford Geological Survey, Messrs. John W. Bean and James W. Wilt, from Timber Canyon, at an elevation of about 3,500 feet, in the north- east quarter of Section 18, Township 4 North, Range 20 West, San Bernardino Base Line. The geologic features of the region are shown in the maps accompanying the reports of Eldridge and Arnold (1907) and Kew (1924), and a detailed map of the immediate locality is in the course of preparation by Paul F. Kerr and the writer. DESCRIPTION OF SPECIES Spatangus tapinus, sp. no v. Plate 24, figs. 1, 2, 3, 4 Holotype No. 52, type collection, San Diego Society of Natural History; S.D.S.N.H. locality No. 261 (equals L.S.J.U. locality No. 261). Paratype No. 482, type collection, Leland Stanford Junior University; L.S.J.U. locality No. 277. Test strongly cordiform (Plate 24, fig. 4) ; apical system central; upper surface arched, lower surface flat (Plate 24, fig. 3). Petals I and V are 17 mm. long and 8 mm. wide, blunt, and closed at tip; inter- poriferous area scarcely wider than one of the poriferous; sides almost parallel for most of the length. Petals II and IV 22 mm. long and 6 mm. wide, at first moderately, then abruptly and strongly divergent, bending forward again slightly near tip, and with the adaptical portion quite narrow. Ambulacrum III about 3.5 mm. wide, with distinct, well- spaced pore -pairs; depressed about 4 mm. at ambitus. Interambulacra 1 and 4 each with 25 to 30 conspicuous primary tubercles, as shown by paratype but not visible in the holotype. Interambulacra 2 and 3 with more than a dozen similar tubercles. Distal to the petal tips in ambu- lacra II and IV are some small primaries. There seem to be no large Schenck — New Echinoid from California Eocene 199 primary tubercles in interambulacrum 5, but there may be some small ones. Genital pores probably 4, but not certainly determinable. There is no peripetalous, and no internal, fasciole. As the holotype is a cast of the interior of the test and the paratype is a mold of the exterior dorsal surface only, no subanal fasciole is visible, the ventral surface not being exposed. Measurements. — Length, 48 mm.; width, 44 mm.; height, 10 mm. Remarks. — This distinctive species is quite different from other American fossil echini, but seems to be rather closely related to some Recent species of the genus Spatangus, the characteristics of which are clearly defined by Loriol (1875 ) and Duncan (1891)." However, pres- ervation of the fossil prevents determining whether a subanal fasciole is present and consequently a positive generic assignment is impossible. Nevertheless, there is no other genus to which it may more naturally be referred. The new species has no particular affinity to S. pachecoensis Pack," the generic position of which is dubious. It is larger than pachecoensis, differs in convexity, character of petals, and other features. From all of the Recent species of Spatangus, as described and figured by Clark (1917) the present species is easily distinguished by the depressed test (hence the name, tajtEivoc. , meaning "low"), the form of the petals, and the distribution of the primary tubercles. The living S. calif ornicus Clark is figured on Plate 24, figure 5, for comparison with the Eocene species. "The genotype, according to H. L. Clark (1917, pp. 233-34), is Spatangus purpureus O. F. Miiller (Zool. Dan. Prod. 1776, p. 236). Clark remarks that "there seems to be no doubt that in the first post-Linnean use of this generic name, it was spelled without the n, conforming to Linne's specific name in Echinus spatagus. But since such spell- ing is etymologically incorrect and has been avoided by all subsequent writers, it would be highly objectionable to revive it, and I therefore treat Miiller's early spelling as a slip of the pen." "Described and figured by Pack (1909, p. 276, PI. 23, figs. 4 and 5). Better material is figured by Kew (1920, p. 155, Pi. 42, figs. 4a, 4b, 4c, and 4 d). The species is dis- cussed by Clark and Twitchell (1915, p. 156). 200 San Diego Society of Natural History PLATE 24 Fig. 1. Spatangus tapinus Schenck, sp. nov. Approximately natural size. Holotype No. 52, S.D.S.N.H. type collection, from the S.D.S.N.H. and L.S.J.U. locality 261. Collected in Timber Canyon in the NEl/4 of Sec. 18, T. 4 N., R. 20 W., San Bernardino Baseline, Santa Paula quadrangle, Ventura County, California. Tejon formation, upper Eocene. Fig. 2. Spatangus tapinus Schenck, sp. nov. Approximately natural size. Paratype No. 482, L.S.J.U. type collection, from the L.S.J.U. locality 277. Collected from the head of Timber Canyon, Santa Paula quadrangle, Ventura County, California. Tejon formation, upper Eocene. Fig. 3. Spatangus tapinus Schenck, sp. nov. Approximately natural size. Outline of the side view of the holotype, figure 1. Fig. 4. Spatangus tapinus Schenck, sp. nov. Approximately natural size. Top view of the holotype, figure 1. Fig. 5. Spatangus cahfornicus Hubert Lyman Clark. Approximately natural size reproduction of a figure given by Clark (1917, pi. 156, fig. 3) of the living species from the California Coast. Schenck — New Echinoid from California Eocene Plate 24 .- ■•> Schenck — New Echinoid from California Eocene 201 BIBLIOGRAPHIC REFERENCES Clark, William B., and Twitchlll, Mayville W. 1915. The Mesozoic and Cenozoic Echinodermata of the United States. Monograph 54, U. S. Geological Survey. Clark, Hubert Lyman 1917. Hawaiian and Other Pacific Echini: Mem. Mus. Comp. Zool., Harvard, vol. 46, no. 2, pp. 81-283, pis. 144-161. (Genus Spatangus, pp. 233-240). Duncan, P. Martin 1891. A Revision of the Genera and Great Groups of the Echinoidea: Jour. Linnean Soc, vol. 23, p. 251. EldridgE, George H., and Arnold, Ralph 1907. The Santa Clara Valley, Puente Hills, and Los Angeles Oil Districts: U. S. Geological Survey Bull. 309, p. 5. ISRAELSKY, MERLE C. 1923. Some New Forms of West Coast Fossil Echinoidea: Univ. Calif. Publ. Bull. Dept. Geol. Sci., vol. 14, no. 11, pp. 377-396. Kew, W. S. W. 1920. Cretaceous and Cenozoic Echinoidea of the Pacific Coast Region of North America: Univ. Calif. Publ. Bull. Dept. Geol., vol. 12, no. 2, pp. 23-236. 1924. Report on the Geology and Oil Resources of a Part of Los Angeles and Ventura Counties, California: U. S. Geological Survey Bull. 753. LORIOL, P. DE 1875. Description des Echinides Tertiaires de la Suisse: Memoires de la Soc. Paleon. Suisse, vol. 2, pp. 131-132. Pack, R. W. 1909. Notes on Echinoids from the Tertiary of California: Univ. Calif. Publ. Bull. Dept. Geol., vol. 5, no. 18, pp. 275-383. Stefanini, G. 1924. Relations Between American and European Tertiary Echinoid Faunas: Bull. Geol. Soc. Am., vol. 35, pp. 827-846. W ^-' TRANSACTIONS OF THE SAN DIEGO SOCIETY OF NATURAL HISTORY Volume V, No. 13, pp. 203-210, plates 25-26 A NEW FOX FROM THE CAPE REGION OF LOWER CALIFORNIA, MEXICO BY Laurence M. Huey Curator of Birds and Mammals, San Diego Society of Natural History SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA Printed for the Society September 1, 1928 Jr. COMMITTEE ON PUBLICATION U. S. Grant, IV, Chairman Fred Baker Clinton G. Abbott, Editor A NEW FOX FROM THE CAPE REGION OF LOWER CALIFORNIA, MEXICO BY Laurence M. Huey Curator of Birds and Mammals, San Diego Society oj Natural History A study of the foxes of the genus Urocyon from Southern Arizona, Southern and Lower California, reveals the presence of an unnamed race from the Cape Region of Lower California, which is described and named as follows: Urocyon cinereoargenteus peninsularis, subsp. nov. Lower California Gray Fox Type. — From San Ignacio, Lower California, Mexico, lat. 27 24 north, long. 112° 59' west; no. 6845, collection of the San Diego Society of Natural History; adult male, collected by Laurence M. Huey, March 10, 1928. Characters. — As compared with Urocyon cinereoargenteus califor- nicus, grayer and smaller and with the rufous, lighter in color and more restricted about the throat and behind the ears. As compared with Urocyon cinereoargenteus scotti, darker and smaller. The skulls of U. c. calif ornicus and U. c. scotti are much larger than U. c. peninsularis and the rostrum of the latter is decidedly shorter. These characters of size are set forth in the table of measurements below and are shown on plates (25-26). Measurements1. — Type: Total length, 892; tail, 375; hind foot, 121; ear, 70; Skull (type) : Greatest length, 109.8; zygomatic breadth, 60.7; interorbital constriction, 22.3; tooth row, 46.5; nasals, 37.0; width of rostrum back of canines, 18.1; interpterygoid notch, 18.5; length of bullae, 18.1. 'All measurements in millimeters. 206 San Diego Society of Natural History H m m D < < w > < O w CQ < C/3 Q O 1 CQ cn O CO on 00 K r—l r— i r~t p ir\ rg 1— t d Q\ (N — 1 ^ 00 00 tv vd no i— i . — i 1—1 rx ,_, CA i\ I< NO rO fA r»"\ 00 o rr\ d d K irs ITS tj- 00 rv lT\ rsi rg O _ d 00 00* 00 o r^ m ^J- ro 00 00 ^ rr\ (N i— i fN nc- On On on 00 <-> *"» • *•* a >- ^j X3 S 3 s. <^ ^3 O K ^3 > JO rt 12 -o 3 u a) O Huey — A New Fox from the Cape Region of Lower Cal., Mex. 207 Range. — Probably the Cape Region of Lower California, although only specimens from San Ignacio, here listed, were available for exami- nation. Remarks. — The study of the gray foxes of the Pacific coast pre- sents an interesting illustration of gradual intensification of color and increase of size from south to north. These factors are denned by Dixon in his paper" dealing with the gray foxes from the mountains and coastal slope within the confines of California. The form here described from the peninsula of Lower California is analogous in regard to these characters and is the smallest of the Pacific coast races. It will be noticed by scrutinizing Dixon's table of measurements that the foxes from San Diego County are slightly smaller than those from localities farther north within the same form and the specimens of U. c. californicus used by the writer average smaller than did Dixon's, owing to the fact that over 80% of those used in this paper came from localities nearer the southern extent of its range. With the increase in size from south to north along the Pacific slope from Cape San Lucas to Oregon an interesting problem is pre- sented in what possibly occurs in other parts of the range of Urocyon. For instance, what are the size and color relations of the foxes from the central part of the range as far north and south as specimens are obtainable, and again along the Atlantic seaboard? A good revision, even though necessarily short, owing to the limited number of races, would throw some interesting light on this subject. Specimens examined. — Urocyon cinereoargenteus californicus: V from Santa Ysabel, San Diego County, California; 1 from Ballena, San Diego County, California; 1 from 20 miles southeast of San Diego, California; 21 from Laguna Hanson, Sierra Juarez, Lower California, Mexico; 2 from Rancho San Pablo, 10 miles southeast of Alamo, Lower California, Mexico. Urocyon cinereoargenteus scotti: 2 from Bard, Imperial County, California; 9 from Fort Lowell, Pima County, Arizona; 1 from Chiricahua Mountains, Arizona. Urocyon cinereoargenteus peninsularis : 9 from San Ignacio, Lower California, Mexico {type locality). "University of California Publications in Zoology, Vol. 5, No. 7, pp. 303-305, February 12, 1910. 8Skull only. 4 Specimens from collection of Donald R. Dickey. 208 San Diego Society of Natural History PLATE 25 Fig. 1. Urocyon cinereoargenteus peninsularis Huey, subsp. nov. No. 6845. Male. (Type) , San Ignacio, Lower California, Mexico, March 10, 1928, collection San Diego Society of Natural History. Dorsal view x% Fig. 2. Urocyon cinereoargenteus calijornicus Mearns. No. 955. Male. Ballena, San Diego County, California, January 13, 1889 (skull only) , collection San Diego Society of Natural History. Original number 546. Dorsal view x% Huey — A New Fox from the Cape Region of Lower California, Mexico Plate 25 210 San Diego Society of Natural History PLATE 26 Fig. 3. Urocyon cinereoargenteus peninsularis Huey, subsp. nov. No. 6845. Male. (Type) , San Ignacio, Lower California, Mexico, March 10, 1928, collection San Diego Society of Natural History. Ventral view x% Fig. 4. Urocyon cinereoargenteus calijornicus Mearns. No. 955. Male. Ballena, San Diego County, California, January 13, 1889 (skull only) , collection San Diego Society of Natural History. Original Number 546. Ventral view x% Huey — A New Fox from the Cape Region of Lower California, Mexico Plate 26 MAR 1 1 1929 £W* TRANSACTIONS OF THE SAN DIEGO SOCIETY OF NATURAL HISTORY Volume V., No. 14, pp. 211-240, plates 27-30, figs. 1-10 DISCOCYCLINA IN CALIFORNIA BY Hubert G. Schenck Leland Stanford Junior University, California SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA Printed for the Society February 27, 1929 TRANSACTIONS OF THE SAN DIEGO SOCIETY OF NATURAL HISTORY Volume V., No. 14, pp. 211-240, plates 27-30, figs. 1-10 DISCOCYCLINA IN CALIFORNIA BY Hubert G. Schenck Leland Stanford Junior University, California SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA Printed for the Society February 27, 1929 COMMITTEE ON PUBLICATION U. S. Grant, IV, Chairman Fred Baker Clinton G. Abbott, Editor DISCOCYCLINA IN CALIFORNIA BY Hubert G. Schenck Leland Stanford Junior University, California INTRODUCTION ' The extinct group of Foraminifera discussed in this paper are discoidal forms which range in size from about one to fifty millimeters in diameter. They were widely distributed throughout the world in the seas of the lower and middle latitudes during the Eocene epoch. The species were formerly assigned to the genus Orthophragmina, but this invalid name had been replaced, in part, by the older name Discocyclina, for reasons stated by Vaughan (1924, p. 789-790; 1928, p. 341-345) * and Galloway (1928, p. 56-57). The principal localities where the fossils occur in Eocene rocks are plotted on the accompanying map, Fig. 1 . The genus is well represented in the American, European, and Australasian (Indo-Pacific) provinces. In Europe, specimens have been found as far north as latitude 52 degrees. On the western side of the Pacific Ocean, the northernmost locality is the Amakusa Islands in Japan, at latitude 32 17 north, as reported by Yabe and Hanzawa (1925), while on the eastern side of the Pacific, the range is as far north as latitude 39° 12 , at Marysville Buttes, Sutter County, California. The genus apparently appeared earlier in the European than in the other provinces, as indicated in Fig. 2. The reason for believing this is that Douville (1922, p. 64) described D. seunesi from the uppermost Cretaceous of southern France, at Lescoumeres (commune of Benesse, south of Dax, Landes) and some species are found in the lower Eocene rocks of Europe and India (Nuttall, 1925, p. 431; 1926a, p. 503) in that area once covered by the Tethys sea, but none has been recorded from the lower Eocene of the American province'. The Mediterranean 'Dates in parentheses refer to the bibliographic references, pages 229-232. 2a Wengen (1927, p. 457) shows "Orthophragmina" ranging from the lowermost to the uppermost Eocene in the American province. If the genus does occur in lower Eocene rocks in America, specimens are rare. (Consult Vaughan, 1924). In ths use of the terms lower, middle and upper Eocene, the writer follows the usage of the United States Geological Survey. 214 San Diego Society of Natural History SCHENCK — DlSCOCYCLINA IN CALIFORNIA 215 region — or the Tethys — may have been the original center of dispersal of the genus. By middle Eocene time the genus was widespread and many species had developed. This was the time when it first appeared on the Pacific Coast of North America. The upper Eocene rocks of Europe carry at least ten species, and formations of the same age in America and Australasia likewise contain several representatives. No species is known from unquestioned Oligocene strata. EUROPE GULF COASTAL REGION. U.S.A. CALIFORNIA Oi igocene None None None Upper Eocene A A A Middle Cocene Hi W 1 Lower Eocene (Pa! eocene) ▼ V None Upper Cretaceous (Dan ia n) None None Fig. 2. Geologic distribution of Discocyclina in the European and American provinces. The Australasian province has been omitted because of the uncertain correlation of some of the formations. Penphei'v Lateral chambers Flmbryomc apparatus Equatorial chambers Fig. 3. Diagram of Discocyclina, giving some of the terms employed in descriptions of the fossils. Modified after Carpenter (1862) and enlarged ten times. 216 San Diego Society of Natural History THE TYPE SPECIES The following description of Discocyclina pratti (Michelin) is based upon specimens in the collection at Scripps Institution of Oceano- graphy and some from the Cushman Laboratory for Foraminiferal Research from the Auversian (upper middle) Eocene of Villa Marbella, Biarritz (Basses Pyrenees) , southwestern France, the type locality of the species. The investigation demonstrates that certain ideas concerning the classification of the orbitoidal Foraminifera may have to be modified . Discocyclina pratti (Michelin) Plate 28, fig. 1 Text figs. 4, 5, 6. Orbitulites Pratti Michelin, Icon, zobphytologique, p. 278, PL 63, fig. 14a, 14b, 1846. Orbitoides Pratti, Carpenter, Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc. London, vol. 6, p. 33, PI. 8, figs. 32-37, 1849; Carter, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., 2 ser. vol. 11, p. 173, 1853; Ehrenberg, Abhandl. d. Kbn. Akad. Wissen. Berlin, 1855, fig. VII. Orbitoides {Discocyclina) Pratti (Michelin) dArch., Giimbel, Abhandl. k. bay. Akad. Wiss., vol. 10, Bd. 2, pp. 690-696; 729, PI. 3, fig. 7, 28, 29, 1868. Orthophragmina Pratti, Schlumberger, Troisieme Note, Bull. Soc. Geol. France, 3 Ser., vol. 3, pp. 274-277, 1903. PI. 8, figs. 1, 3; PI. 9, fig. 17. (Not O. pratti, PI. 8, fig. 2). Prever, Mem. Carta Geol. d'ltalia, vol. 5, p. 122, PI. 1, fig. 1, PI. 3, figs. 1, 2, 1912. Dainelli, L'Eocene Friulano, p. 200, PI. 26, fig. 10, 1915. Silvestri, Pont. Accad. Romana dei Nuovi Lincei, Ser. 2, Vol. 5, pp. 67-68, 1919. Discocyclina Pratti, Douville, Bull. Soc. Geol. France, 4 Ser., vol. 22, p. 67, 86, PL 4, fig. 5 and text figs. 18, 19, 1922. Vaughan, Special Publ. No. 1, Cushman Lab. for Foram. Research, p. 341, 344, 1928. Galloway, Journ. Paleo., vol. 2, p. 56-57, 1928. Description . — Test circular, thin, finely granulate with small mame- lon bearing the same type of papillae as on the surface of the test. (Fig. 3). The triangular pattern of granulation is as figured by Douville 'Classifications of the orbitoidal Foraminifera are numerous. Contrast the phylogenetic charts of Schubert (1908, p. 260), a Wengen (1927, p.' 457), and Galloway (1928, p. 52). The amount of convergent evolution, protoplasmic reorganization, and the distinction between analogies and homologies are among the problems that confront the students of the Foraminifera. Many of the terms used in the description of orbitoidal Foraminifera are defined by Schenck and Aguerrevere (1926). SCHENCK — DlSCOCYCLINA IN CALIFORNIA 217 (1922, fig. 18,19) and is not annular as in some species. An average diameter of the megalospheric forms is 10 millimeters, which is about 100 times the longest dimension of the last-formed equatorial chambers. An average thickness is 0.8 millimeters. One of the microspheric indi- viduals measures 23 millimeters in diameter. Equatorial cross-sections of megalospheric forms disclose a reniform embryonic apparatus that measures, in the form figured in Fig. 4, 0.55 by 0.65 millimeters in diameter. The primordial chamber is almost completely embraced by the circumambient chamber, as is shown in the illustration. Surrounding the embryonic apparatus is a primary cycle of equatorial chambers (Fig. 4, c) of greater size than those of subsequently formed annuli. Preservation does not permit a determination of the exact relationship that exists between the chambers of this annulus and the circumambient chamber. The second annulus (Fig. 4, d) consists of smaller and more irregular chambers, some of which are connected with those of the primary cycle by interlocular passages, as illustrated in Figs. 4 and 5 and Plate 28, fig 1. This type of inter- locular communication is also present in subsequent annuli, and corresponds to that figured by Ehrenberg (1855, Fig. VII) and Giimbel (1868, PL 3, fig. 29) for pratti and by Carpenter (1862, PL 22, figs. 2, 3) for fortisii, which Douville (1922, p. 67) regards as a variety or mutant of pratti. These interlocular passages are similar to those in the genus Cycloclypeus, as illustrated by Carpenter (1862, PL 19, fig. 7), Martin (1880, PL 27, fig. 2), Lister (1895, PL 9, figs. 49, 52), and Hofker (1927, PL 37, figs. 1, 2) ; in Lepidocyclina as shown by Martin (1880, PL 28, fig. 3d) ; and in Heterostegina by Hofker (1927). More- over, Carter (1861, PL 16, figs, k, l), Cayeux (1916, PL 29, fig. 4), and others have figured communications between equatorial chambers in Discocyclina . The third annulus consists of equatorial chambers of more uniform shape and size than the second. The radial measurement of these "It should be borne in mind that the drawings presented in the accompanying text figures, although made by the aid of a camera lucida, are somewhat diagrammatic, because preservation and the positions of the sections above or below the median plane may modify the appearance of certain details. "The ideas of Schlumberger (1903, p. 276; 1904, pp. 119-120) concerning a "parasitic perforate Protozoan" (Orbitophage — "eater of orbitoids") do not appear to be substantiated by this investigation nor by the observations of other students of the group. Tubules of boring organisms are, of course, recognized, but Schlumberger seems to have failed to distinguish between borings and a canal system. 218 San Diego Society of Natural History chambers is about two times that of the tangential, but in the succeeding annuli the radial measurement is about four times that of the tangential. Under high magnification, relatively uniform circles may be seen on many of the equatorial chambers. These are regarded as the plans of cribriform apertures, now filled with calcite, that perforated the tops of the equatorial chambers. The tangential dimension of the chambers gradually increases in sub- sequently formed annuli until the tangential dimension is only one- fourth that of the radial. One may distinguish annular and interseptal canals at this stage. They form a system which one should compare with that described and illustrated in Recent species of Cycloclypeus and Heterostegina by Hofker (1927). A detail of this canal system is shown in Fig. 6, and Plate 28, fig. 1. It could not be ascertained whether the annular canals connect with preceding annular canals, as Ehrenberg shows in D. javana (1855), although several sections of this species which displayed the canal system have been examined. A canal system in pratti was noted by Ehrenberg in 1855. Carter (1853, p. 173) had previously reported "interseptal vessels" in dispansa and later (1861, especially 1861-b, p. 449) observed both interlocular communications and a canal system in the same species. Carpenter (1862) described an interseptal canal system in fortisii, and Giimbel (1868, p. 673), in his discussion of Orbitoides, sensu latu, made the following statement: "In addition to this interlocular canal system, there are between the septa, in a radial as well as cyclic direction, somewhat less thick canals which are directly connected with one another and which repre- sent a similar interseptal canal system, ramifying throughout the entire test, as one finds in the Nummulites." (Translation). Schwager (1883, PI. 29, figs. 7d, 8d) illustrated both interlocular and radial-interseptal canal systems in dilabida and nudimargo from Egypt, and Verbeek and Fennema (1896, vol. 2, p. 1169) mentioned canals in javana. The vertical sections of pratti show that the equatorial chambers increase only slightly in size from the embryonic apparatus toward the periphery and are about 0.04 millimeters in height, being separated by relatively thick walls and connected by short passages. There are about 15 tiers of lateral chambers on each side of the median plane. Apertures can be distinguished in some of the equatorial chambers, situated at the SCHENCK — DlSCOCYCLINA IN CALIFORNIA 219 0 L 1.0 mm. j L 0 1—^ Olran -1 ' ■ ' ' ' ' 6 Figs. 4, 5 and 6. Drawings of parts of a specimen of Discocyclina pratti (Michelin) from the type locality. The symbols are as follows: a — primordial chamber; b — circumambient chamber; c — primary cycle (annulus) of equatorial chambers; d — second cycle of equatorial chambers; e — third cycle of equatorial chambers; f— equatorial chambers; g — interlocular (interannular) passages; h — annular stolon passages; i — annular canals; j — interseptal canals; k — walls. 220 San Diego Society of Natural History proximal side of them. These are sections of the stolon passages. The sectioned interlocular passages between the chambers of consecutive annuli are also visible. The sections of this species mentioned above are in the collection at Scripps Institution of Oceanography. OCCURRENCE IN CALIFORNIA The first to record the presence of Discocyclina on the Pacific Coast of North America was Douville (1915, p. 409). The fossils were col- lected by Heim (1915 and 1922) from the Tepetate formation of Lower (Baja) California, Mexico, latitude 24 23 north (Fig. l), and were incorrectly referred to the species pratti. The first to describe a species from Upper (Alta) California, United States of America, was Cushman (1920, p. 41 ). This is clarki, which at the type locality occurs in the Meganos (middle) Eocene, below the Domengine horizon (Clark 1926, and personal communica- tion). This locality, north of Bakersfield, near Oil City, is situated at latitude 36 20 north. The species also occurs in Simi Valley, Ventura County, at latitude 34 18 north. Because the stratigraphic relationships of the various formations at the latter locality are well established, the following brief description is pertinent: The oldest sedimentary rocks exposed in the Simi Valley are assigned to the Chico formation, upper Cretaceous. The Martinez formation (lower Eocene), which rests uncomformably upon the Chico (Waring, 1917), is characterized by species of molluscan fossils, described chiefly by Dickerson (1914), Nelson (1925a), and Stewart (1926), that permit a correlation with the Midway of the Gulf Coastal region of the United States and probably with the lower Eocene or Paleocene of Europe. The Santa Susana shale (Nelson, 1925a), over- lying the Martinez formation discomformably, contains a molluscan fauna that has been correlated by Clark (1926, p. 109-110) with that at the type locality of the Meganos (middle) Eocene. The specimens of Discocyclina occur still higher stratigraphically in what Clark (1926) regards as an upper horizon of the Meganos, namely, the Domengine. At the time Kew (1924) prepared his geologic map, this division of the Eocene was not recognized. Tejon is the uppermost Eocene formation exposed. Specimens of Discocyclina clarki were obtained by the writer in SCHENCK — DlSCOCYCLINA IN CALIFORNIA 221 1927 from the Domengine beds at two localities, the first about three miles north of the town of Santa Susana, on the west fork of Las Llajas Canyon, about two-tenths of a mile above its confluence with the main creek. The second locality is seven-tenths of a mile south of the first on the west side of Hill 1464 (shown on U. S. Geological Survey Santa Susana topographic map). Bruce L. Clark and W. P. Woodring, in 1928, collected some well preserved specimens from the left side of a canyon between Las Llajas and Tapo Canyons, a few hundred feet up the main canyon from the mouth of a branch canyon at an abandoned oil well, and stratigraphically about 200 feet above the top of the conglomerate and sandstone at the base of the Domengine formation. Both microspheric and megalospheric forms occur in the gray micaceous shaly sandstone of the formation. In Santa Barbara county, latitude 34 38 north, Nelson ( 1925b, p. 353) mapped and described a fossiliferous limestone, which he named the Sierra Blanca limestone. Its fossil content was reported upon in a preliminary way by Israelsky (1923). Nelson (1925) recorded the presence of "Orthophragmina" and Nelson and Schenck (1928) the occurrence of calcareous algae in this formation. Among the fossils are Archaeolithothamnion, Lithopyhllum, bryozoans, mollusks, Globigerina and other smaller Foraminifera, a stellate Discocyclina, and an indeter- minate species of Discocyclina, sensu strictu. No individuals could be extracted from the matrix. The assemblage suggests that the limestone is upper Eocene in age. Farther north in the State, the genus is represented in probable Tejon Eocene rocks of Santa Clara county, approximate latitude 37 13 N. It is possible that the Orbit oides , sp., listed several times by Dicker- son (1914, 1916) and Lawson (1914, p. 9) from the "Tejon" Eocene of the Concord quadrangle, Contra Costa County, latitude 37 45 to 38 N., should be assigned to this genus, but the material is not available for examination. The northernmost locality on the border of the Pacific is the Meganos (middle) Eocene of Marysville Buttes, Sutter County, latitude 39° 12' North. DESCRIPTION OF CALIFORNIA SPECIES Discocyclina clarki (Cushman) Plate 27, figs. 1,2,5 Text figure 7. Plesiotype No. 4677, Mus. Calif. Acad. Sci., C. A. S. loc. 315. 222 San Diego Society of Natural History Orbitolites, Arnold, U. S. G. S. Bull. 396, p. 13, 108, PI. Ill, fig 6, 1909. Orthophragmina clarki Cushman, U. S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 125-D, p. 41, PI. VII, fig. 4, 5, 1920. Discocyclina clarki (Cushman) in Vaughan, Bull. Geol. Soc. Am., vol. 35, p. 792, 1924. Orthophragmina clarki Cushman, Cushman and Hanna, Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci., 4th Ser., vol. 16, pp. 207-208, 1927. Description of specimens from type locality. — Test circular, greatly compressed, but slightly umbonate. Mamelon proportionally larger than in pratti and is more distinctly granulate than the remainder of the test. The papillae away from the mammelon are cyclic in arrangement. In diameter, the specimens range from 3.0 to 6.0 millimeters. The rec- tangular equatorial chambers of the outer annuli are about two times as long as broad. Some specimens have a reniform embryonic apparatus. Thin sections of topotypes were not available for examination. Description of specimens from Simi Valley. — External appearance as described above. The small forms vary in size from about 3.6 to 5.5 mm. in diameter; the large ones from 7.0 to 8.5 mm. The thickness of a medium-sized individual is 0.4 mm. The embryonic apparatus, as displayed in equatorial sections, is reniform (Fig. 7). The circumam- bient chamber is 0.2 mm. long and 0.1 mm. in width. The equatorial chambers of the outer annuli are 1^4 to 2 times as long as broad, and are about 0.02 mm. in height. The plans of cribriform apertures that perforate the tops of chambers are visible, and are like those observed in pratti. The septa of one annulus do not quite touch the wall of the adjacent annulus. The canal system can be distinguished in some sections, and inter- locular passages similar to but not exactly the same as those in pratti were observed. The vertical sections display the narrow, elongate lateral chambers, which communicate by oblique passages, such as illustrated by Carpenter (1862, PI. 20, fig. 16). The walls between the chambers are about as thick as the chambers are high. A representative measurement of the lateral chambers is 0.03 mm. in length and 0.01 mm. in height. There are about 8 tiers of lateral chambers on each side of the median plane. The above description and text figures are based upon specimens at Scripps Institution of Oceanography. Comparisons. — This species, although variable in size and some- SCHENCK — DlSCOCYCLINA IN CALIFORNIA 223 0 75 tnrn. J O'rect'Crt Of emtoryfin^c •jfraeus J 1—1 I 1 I I L__i 8 0.05 mm -1 I I L__l Figs. 7, 8, 9 and 10. Drawings of part of an imperfectly preserved speci- men of Discocyclina clarki (Cushman) in Fig. 7, and of D. calif ornica Schenck in Figs. 8, 9, 10. The drawing of clarki is based upon a specimen in the Scripps Inst, collection from Simi Valley, California. The symbols are as follows: a — primordial chamber; b — circumambient chamber; f — equatorial chambers; k — walls. 224 San Diego Society of Natural History what similarly ornamented, does not attain the proportions of the upper Eocene species floridana (Cushman, 1917, p. 116, PI. 40, fig. 3), nor does it possess the exceptional peculiarities of the Florida form, which lacks a mamelon. The middle Eocene advena (Cushman, 1921, p. 139) of Louisiana is characterized by a depressed central region (thus resembl- ing umbilicata Deprat) and does not have the type of ornamentation that aids in identifying dark}. The Baja California species erroneously referred to pratti by Douville (1915, p. 409) and tentatively to dark} by Cushman (1920, p. 42) is smooth, possesses a different embryonic apparatus, and the equatorial chambers and septation are markedly different from both dark} and pratti. D. flintensis (Cushman, 1917, p. 115, PI. 40, fig. 1, 3) is smaller, proportionally more inflated, and lacks cyclic ornamentation, and dtrensis (Vaughan, 1928-b, p. 159, PI. 2, figs. 1-7) more closely resembles flintensis than darki. The Jamaican species, perk}nsi Vaughan (1928-c, p. 285, PI. 46, figs. 4, 5), lacks a mamelon, or central boss, the outer surface is nearly smooth, and differs in other respects. The Venezuelan miranda Hodson (1926, p. 8, PI. 1, figs. 3, 10, 13) does not appear to possess a distinct mamelon and appears to resemble floridana more than darki. Cole (1927, p. 36, PI. 2, fig. 31 ) erroneously referred to dark} forms found in an upper Eocene formation of Mexico. Remarks. — Topotypes and specimens from Simi Valley are de- posited in the Micropaleontology Laboratory, Stanford University, and at Scripps Institution of Oceanography. Simi Valley specimens have also been donated to the San Diego Society of Natural History. Plesiotype No. 4677, California Academy of Sciences, measures 5.8 mm. in diameter and was collected by F. M. Anderson from the southeast quarter of Section 17, T. 19 N., R. 15 E., M. D. M., Fresno County, California. Discocyclina calif ornica Schenck, sp. nov. Plate 27, figs. 3, 4, 6; PI. 28, figs. 2-6; PI. 29; PI. 30, figs. 2, 3. Text figs. 8, 9, 10. Holotype No. 75, Paratype No. 76, type collection, San Diego Society of Natural History; S. D. S. N. H. loc. 309 (equals L. S. J. U. loc. 309). Paratype Nos. 570-578, incl., type collection, Micropaleontology Laboratory, Leland Stanford Junior University, L. S. J. U. loc. 309. Paratype No. 31524, Univ. Calif. Coll. Invert. Paleo., L. S. J. U. loc. 309. Paratype No. 4678, Mus. California Academy of Sciences; L. S. J. U. loc. 309. SCHENCK — DlSCOCYCLINA IN CALIFORNIA 225 Description. — Test circular, markedly robust but thin at periphery, mamelon more than half the diameter and carrying large papillae which radiate from the center. Varies in diameter from 3.5 to 8.5 millimeters and in thickness from 2.5 to 5 millimeters. Occasional specimens may measure somewhat more or less. Equatorial sections disclose a reniform embryonic apparatus, or one of the character illustrated in Fig. 9 , which is about 0.35 mm. in diameter. The equatorial chambers are square in outline at first, but soon become rectangular (Fig. 10) and near the peripheral margin are 0.025 mm. in width and 0.08 mm. in length. They are perforated in the same way as pratti and clarki. The septa, which sometimes bifur- cate, do not touch the wall of the preceding annulus (Fig. 8, 9) and average about 0.001 mm. in thickness. That the festoon-like lines shown in Fig. 10 are phenomena of fossilization of more than local occurrence is established by the fact that Silvestri (1923, PI. 1, fig. 17) illustrated similar preservation in Orbitoclypeus, and the writer has observed it in Discocyclina javana. Parallel sections cut the pillars and show the general outline of lateral chambers. The disposition of the pillars is shown in Plate 28, Fig. 3. The shape of the pillars varies according to the distance of the section from the median plane. The vertical and excentric vertical sections, (PI. 29, figs. 1-3; PI. 30, figs. 2, 3) show the disposition and character of the pillars, numerous layers of lateral chambers, and band of equatorial chambers which wid- ens toward the periphery, thus forming a flange (PI. 29, fig. 1 ) which is only rarely preserved intact. Variations in the placement of the pillars and their nature and number are in part due to the positions of the sections cutting the fossils and in part to individual variation within the species. The pillars may be as large as about 0.25 mm. wide at the surface of the test and in general tend to be radially disposed. In many cases, they are divided distally (PI. 29, fig. 3; PI. 30, figs. 2, 3). The equatorial chambers are about 0.06, 0.08, or even 0.1 mm. in height near the periphery and about 0.08 mm. in length, with septal walls convex outward. When considered in three dimensions, the equatorial chambers are, therefore, first cubical and then later in development prismatic. The embryonic apparatus is oval in shape and measures approximately 'A reniform embryonic apparatus differs in appearance according to the orientation of the planes which cut it, as pointed out by Schenck and Aguerrevere (1926, Fig. 2). 226 San Diego Society of Natural History 0.35 mm. in length and 0.25 mm. in height (PI. 29, fig. 2). The number of tiers on each side of the median plane varies from approximately 30 to 50. A representative measurement of the lateral chambers is 0.15 mm. in length and 0.06 mm. in height. Occurrence. — Limestone containing this species was first obtained by Mr. Harold Hannibal from about one and one-fourth miles north- east of the old Guadalupe quicksilver mine, Santa Clara County, Cali- fornia. Additional specimens were collected in 1923 by Prof. J. P. Smith, Dr. R. D. Reed and Mr. Dale D. Sparks, the last named of whom subjected them to laboratory study. The present writer obtained well preserved specimens from what is probably Hannibal's original locality. On the United States Geological Survey New Almaden quad- rangle, the limestone is exposed at an elevation of about 325 feet at the eastern end of a low ridge situated south 72 west from Pioneer School, south 44° east of Lone Hill, and south 9° west of Hill 405. It is thus east of the well-known San Andreas fault and west of the Calaveras fault. The geology of the New Almaden district has been discussed by Becker (1888), but he, like earlier writers, did not definitely determine the stratigraphic relations of the Tertiary forma- tions, probably largely on account of extensive faulting. A reconnais- sance of the district by the writer failed to disclose a complete section of the Eocene formations that are recognized today in California. The few mollusks collected appear to be Tejon Eocene species. Associated with the Discocyclina are numerous smaller Foraminifera, bryozoans, cal- careous algae (cf. Archaeolithothamnion), nummulitic Foraminifera, Gypsina, perhaps a stellate Discocyclina, gastropods, pelecypods, crusta- ceans, and an occasional brachiopod. Glauconite fills the chambers of some of the Foraminifera. This assemblage is similar to that in many of the upper Eocene limestones of the American province, and the writer is of the opinion that the California formation just described is of that age. Comparisons. — The new species resembles some of those from the upper Eocene of Panama, Cuba, and other localities in tropical America. It differs from the Cuban upper Eocene species crassa (Cushman, 1919, p. 53, PI. 9, fig. 4, 5; PI. 10, figs. 2, 4) in having a thinner peripheral region, in attaining a larger size, and in the different character of its pillars and ornamentation, and from pustulata (Cushman, 1919, p. 55, PI. 9, figs. 6, 7; PI. 10, fig. l) in that the new species is usually larger SCHENCK — DlSCOCYCLINA IN CALIFORNIA 227 and its ornamentation and proportions differ. D. marginata (Cushman, 1919, p. 56, PI. 1, fig. 2; PI. 2, fig. 4) is not papillate and differs in other respects. D. sculpturata (Cushman, 1919, p. 55, PI. 9. fig. 6, 7; PI. 10, fig. l) has different embryonic chambers, is smaller, less robust, and has pillars that are of a distinctly different character. D. minima (Cushman, 1918, p. 97, PI. 41, fig. l) is less robust, smaller, and its lateral chambers differ in size, shape, and number. The inflated European species apula (Checchia-Rispoli, 1913, p. 119, PI. 6, fig. 15, 16) has no marked resemblance to the new species, and although the Indian form dispansa (Sowerby) (emend. Nuttall, 1926b, p. 145-47, PI. 7, figs. 1, 2, 3, 5) is strikingly pustulose, it differs in other respects, as is the case with martbae (Schlumberger, 1903, p. 284, Pi. 10, fig. 27, 29, 32; PI. 11, fig. 39-40). In short, there is no reason for believing that the California species should be referred to a previously described one. Remarks. — In addition to depositing specimens in the institutions named above, some have been donated to the British Museum, the Cushman Laboratory for Foraminiferal Research, Ecole des Mines, Paris, France, the R. Liceo Scientifico, Milano, Italy, das Naturhis- torische Museum in Wien, Natural History Museum of Basel, Switzerland, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, the Tohoku Imperial University, Sendai, Japan, and the United States National Museum (paratype No. 79546). Discocyclina, sp. indet. PI. 30, fig. 1 Type No. 31525, Univ. Calif. Coll. Invert. Paleo., Ioc. RNN4-25. Test circular, lenticular, diameter from 3 to 5 millimeters, thickness from 0.5 to 0.7 millimeters. In horizontal section, the equatorial cham- bers measure 0.04 mm. long (radial) and 0.03 mm. in width (tan- gential). In vertical section, the equatorial chambers are 0.035 mm. in height and 0.045 mm. in length. Embryonic apparatus reniform, measuring about 0.07 mm. in diameter. Numerous pillars. About 8 or more tiers of lateral chambers on each side of the equatorial band. The species does not closely resemble any of the American species so far described and may be new. The above description is based upon vertical sections and a small part of a horizontal section. No isolated specimens were available for examination. 228 San Diego Society of Natural History Locality and Horizon. — The Sierra Blanca limestone, as mapped by R. N. Nelson ( 192 5b), Santa Barbara County, California, may be upper Eocene in age. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The writer is under especial obligation to Dr. Thomas Wayland Vaughan, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, La Jolla, California, for the opportunity to study the collection of Foraminifera at that Institution, for his many helpful suggestions and criticism of the manu- script and for the aid of his assistant, Mr. Gravell. Specimens of the type species from the type locality and a copy of the original figure of the type were supplied by Dr. Joseph A. Cushman, Sharon, Mass. The occurrence of the fossils at Marysville Buttes was first noted by Mr. T. F. Stipp, and many sections of the new species were prepared by Mr. Dale D. Sparks in connection with his graduate work at Stanford University. Mr. D. D. Hughes, Los Angeles, California, first called my attention to the presence of the genus in Simi Valley. The Sierra Blanca limestone was collected by Dr. Richard N. Nelson during the preparation of a geologic map which was published in 1925. The photographs were taken by Mr. Lionel Wm. Wiedey, Dr. G. Dallas Hanna, Mr. Wm. C. Matthews, and the writer, and figures of clarki were furnished by the Director, United States Geological Survey. Mr. E. Wayne Galliher aided in preparing text figures. SCHENCK — DlSCOCYCLINA IN CALIFORNIA 229 LITERATURE CITED Arnold, Ralph 1909. Paleontology of the Coalinga District: U. S. Geol. Survey Bull. 396, pp. 1-173. Becker, George F. 1888. Geology of the quicksilver deposits of the Pacific slope, with an atlas: U. S. Geol. Survey Monograph 13, pp. 310-330. Carpenter, W. B. 1849. On the microscopic structure of Nummulina, Orbitolites, and Orbitoides: Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc. London, vol. 6, pp. 21-39. 1862. Introduction to the study of the Foraminifera; Published for the Ray Society by Robert Hardwicke, London, 319 pp., 22 pis., 47 text fig. (with W. K. Parker and T. R. Jones.) Carter, H. J. 1853. Descriptions of some larger Forms of Fossilized Foraminifera in Scinde; with Observations on their Internal Structure: Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. 2d Ser., vol. 11, pp. 161-177. 1861a. On the Structure of the larger Foraminifera: id., 3d Ser., vol 8, pp. 246-251. 1861b. Further Observations on the Structure of Foraminifera, and on the larger Foraminifera of Scinde, etc., including a new Genus and Species: id., 3d Ser., vol. 8, pp. 309-333; 366-382; 446-470. Cayeux, Lucien 1916. Introduction a l' Etude petrographique des Roches Sedimentaires : Mem. pour servir a l'explication de la carte geologique detaillee de la France pp. 1-524, and Atlas. (Publ. Imprimerie Nationale, Paris) . Checchia-Rispoli, G. 1913. I Foraminiferi dell'Eocene dei Dintorni di S. Marco la Catola in Capitanata: Paleon. Ital. vol. 19, pp. 103-120. Clark, Bruce L. 1921. The stratigraphic and faunal relationships of the Meganos group, middle Eocene of California: Journ. Geol., vol. 29, pp. 125-165. 1926. The Domengine horizon, middle Eocene of California: Univ. Calif. Publ. Bull. Dept. Geol. Sci., vol. 16, no. 5, pp. 99-110. Cole, W. Storrs 1927. A Foraminiferal Fauna from the Guayabal Formation in Mexico: Bulls. Am. Paleo., vol. 14, no. 51, pp. 1-46. Cushman, Joseph A. 1917. Orbitoid Foraminifera of the genus Orthophragmina from Georgia and Florida: U. S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 108 (G), pp. 115-118. 1918. The larger fossil Foraminifera of the Panama Canal Zone: U. S. Nat. Mus., Bull. 103, pp. 89-102. 230 San Diego Society of Natural History 1919. Fossil Foraminifera from the West Indies: Publ. 291, Carnegie Inst. Washington, pp. 21-71. 1920. The American species of Orthophragmina and Lepidocyclina: U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 125 (D), pp. 39-105. 1921. A new species of Orthophragmina from Louisiana: U. S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 128 (E), pp. 139-142. Cushman, Joseph A., and Hanna, G. Dallas 1927. Foraminifera from the Eocene near Coalinga, California. Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci., 4 Series, vol. 16, no. 8, pp. 205-229. Dickerson, Roy E. 1914a. Note on the faunal zones of the Tejon group: Univ. Calif. Publ. Bull. Dept. Geol. Sci., vol. 8, no. 2, pp. 17-25. 1914b. Fauna of the Martinez Eocene of California: Univ. Calif. Publ. Bull. Dept. Geol. Sci., vol. 8, no. 6, pp. 84-85. 1916. Stratigraphy and fauna of the Tejon Eocene of California: Univ. Calif. Publ. Bull. Dept. Geol. Sci., vol. 9, no. 17, pp. 363-524. Dainelli, Giotto 1915. L'Eocene Friulano: Editrici Le "Memorie Geografiche", pp. 1-121. Douville, Henri 1915. Les Orbitoides de la presqu'ile de Californie: Comptes Rendus, Acad. Sci. Paris, vol. 161, pp. 409-410. 1920. Revision des Orbitoides, Prem. Partie: Bull. Soc. Geol. France, 4 ser., vol. 20, pp. 209-232, 1 plate. 1922. Deuxieme Partie, id., vol. 22, pp. 55-100, 2 plates. Ehrenberg, C. G. 1855. Ueber den Griisand und seine Erlauterung des Organischen Lebens: Abhand. K. Wiss. Berlin, pp. 85-176. Galloway, J. J. 1928. A revision of the family Orbitoididae : Journ. Paleo., vol. 2, pp. 45-69. Gumbel, C. W. 1868. Beitrage zur Foraminiferenfauna der nordalpinen, alteren Eocange- bilde oder der Kressenberger Nummulitenschichten: Abhandlungen der k.-bayer. Ak. Wiss., vol. 10, pp. 581-730. HOFKER, J. 1927. The Foraminifera of the Siboga Expedition. Part I. Families Tinoporidae, Rotaliidae, Nummulitidae, Amphisteginidae : Mono- graph IV of: Uitkomsten op zoologisch, botanisch, oceanograph- isch en geologisch gebeid. . . . publ. by E. J. Brill, Leiden, pp. 1-78, 38 plates, 11 text figures. Heim, Arnold 1915. Sur la geologie de la partie meridionale de la basse Californie. Comptes Rendus, Acad. Sci. Paris, vol. 161, pp. 419-422. 1922. Notes on the Tertiary of southern Lower California (Mexico), Geol. Mag., vol. 59, pp. 529-547. SCHENCK — DlSCOCYCLINA IN CALIFORNIA 231 Hodson, Helen K. 1926. Foraminifera from Venezuela and Trinidad: Bulls. Am. Paleo., vol. 12, pp. 1-46. ISRAELSKY, M. C. 1923. Note on the fossil content of the San Rafael limestone of the San Rafael Mountains, Santa Barbara County, California: Science, n. s., vol. 58, no. 1505. (Title only.) Kew, W. S. W. 1924. Geology and oil resources of a part of Los Angeles and Ventura counties, California. U. S. Geol. Survey Bull. 753. Lawson, A. C. 1914. Description of the San Francisco district. U. S. Geol. Survey Folio No. 193. Lister, J. J. 1895. Contributions to the life-history of the Foraminifera: Philos. Trans. Royal. Soc. London, vol. 186, B, pp. 401-453. Martin, K. 1880. Die Tertiarschichten auf Java: Leiden (E. J. Brill, Publishers) pp. 1-164. Michelin, H. 1840-47. Iconographie zoophytologique, Paris. Nelson, Richard N. 1925a. A contribution to the paleontology of the Martinez Eocene of California: Univ. Calif. Publ. Bull. Dept. Geol. Sci., vol. 15, no. 11, pp. 397-466. 1925b. Geology of the hydrographic basin of the upper Santa Ynez River, California: Univ. Calif. Publ. Bull. Dept. Geol. Sci., vol. 15, no. 10, pp. 327-396. Nelson, Richard N.,and Schenck, Hubert G. 1928. Calcareous algae in Pacific Coast limestones (Abstract) : Bull. Geol. Soc. Am., vol. 39, no. 1, p. 266. Nuttall, W. L. F. 1925. The stratigraphy and Foraminifera of the Laid series: Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc, vol. 81, pt. 3, pp. 417-453. 1926a. The zonal distribution of the larger Foraminifera of the Eocene of of western India: Geol. Mag., vol. 63, no. 749, pp. 495-504. 1926b. The Zonal Distribution and description of the larger Foraminifera of the Middle and Lower Kirthar Series (Middle Eocene) of parts of Western India: Records, Geological Survey of India, vol. 59, part 1, pp. 115-164. Schenck, Hubert G., and Aguerrevere, Santiago E. 1926. Morphologic nomenclature of Orbitoidal Foraminifera: Am. Journ. Sci., 5th ser., vol. 11, no. 63, pp, 251-256. SCHLUMBERGER, CH. 1903. Troisieme Note sur les Orbitoides: Bull. Soc. Geol. France, 4me ser., vol. 3, pp. 273-289. 232 San Diego Society of Natural History 1904. Quatrieme Note: id. vol. 4, pp. 119-136. Schubert, R. J. 1908. Beitrage zu einer natiirlicheren Systematik der Foraminf eren : Neues Jahrbuch fiir Mineralogie, Geologie, und Palaeontologie, vol. 25, pp. 232-260. Schwager, Conrad 1883. Die Foraminif eren aus den Eocaenablagerungen der Iibyschen Wiiste und Aegyptens: Palaeontographica vol. 30, part 1, pp. 81-216. SlLVESTRI, A. 1907. Considerazioni paleontologiche e morfologiche sui Generi Opercu- lind, Heterostegina, Cycloclypeus. Boll. Soc. Geol. Ital., vol. 26, pp. 29-62. 1923. Fauna paleogenica di Vasciano presso Todi: id. vol. 62, pp. 1-29. Stewart, Ralph B. 1926. Gabb's California fossil type gastropods. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, vol. 78, pp. 295-297. Vaughan, Thomas Wayland 1924. American and European Tertiary larger Foraminif era : Bull. Geol. Soc. Am., vol. 35, pp. 785-822. 1928a. Synopsis of the family Orbitoididae in J. A. Cushman: Foramini- fera, Their Classification and Economic Use: Spec. Publ. No. 1, Cushman Laboratory for Foraminif eral Research, pp. 335-356. 1928b. New species of Operculina and Discocylina from the Ocala Lime- stone: Nineteenth Ann. Report of the Florida State Geological Survey, pp. 155-165. 1928c. Species of Large Arenaceous and Orbitoidal Foraminif era from the Tertiary Deposits of Jamaica: Journ: Paleo. vol. 1, pp. 277- 298. Verbeek, R. D. M., and Fennema, R. 1896. Description geologique de Java et Madoura (Joh. G. Stemler Cz., publ.), 2 vols. Waring, C. A. 1917. The stratigraphic and faunal relations of the Martinez to the Chico and Tejon of southern California: Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci., ser. 4, vol. 7, no. 4, pp. 41-124. a Wengen, W. 1927. Phylogenetic considerations of the Nummulinidae: Proc. Fourth East Indian Cong. Nat. Sci., Weltevreden (Java), Sept. 22-26, 1926, Geographic-Geologic Section, pp. 448-466. Yabe, H., and FIanzawa, S. 1925. Nummulitic rocks of the Islands of Amakusa (Kyushu, Japan) : Science Rep. Tohoku Imperial University, 2nd ser. (Geology) , vol. 7, no. 3, pp. 73-82. EXPLANATION OF PLATES 234 San Diego Society of Natural History PLATE 27 All figures are exterior views magnified approximately 10 times. Fig. 1. Discocyclina clarki (Cushman) Reproduction of original figure in U. S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 125-D, PI. VII, Fig. 4. "Exterior view of partly grown specimen." Middle Eocene, California. Fig. 2. Discocyclina clarki (Cushman) California Academy of Sciences Plesiotype No. 4677. Middle Eocene of Fresno County, California. Fig. 3. Discocyclina calif ornica Schenck, sp. nov. Holotype No. 75, S.D.S.N.H., type collection, from S.D.S. N.H. and L.S.J. U. locality 309. Upper Eocene of Santa Clara County, California. Fig. 4. Discocyclina calif ornica Schenck, sp. nov. Paratype No. 570, L.S.J.U. type collection, L.S.J.U. locality 309. Upper Eocene of Santa Clara County, California. Fig. 5. Discocyclina clarki (Cushman) Reproduction of original figure in U. S. Geological Survey Prof. Paper 125-D, PI. VII, Fig. 5. "Exterior view of adult specimen." Middle Eocene, California. Fig. 6. Discocyclina calif ornica Schenck, sp. nov. Paratype No. 570, L.S.J.U. type collection, L.S.J.U. locality 309. Upper Eocene of Santa Clara County, California. Profile view of the same specimen shown in Fig. 4. SCHENCK DlSCOCYCLINA IN CALIFORNIA Plate 27 236 San Diego Society of Natural History PLATE 28 Fig. 1. Discocyclina pratti (Michelin) Microphotograph of an equatorial section of a specimen from Villa Marbella, Biarritz, France, magnified approximately 200 times. Interlocular communications are shown in the upper left and interseptal canals in the center and left. (Scripps Inst. Coll.) Fig. 2. Discocyclina californica Schenck, sp. nov. Exterior view X 10. Paratype No. 571, L.S.J.U. type collec- tion, L.S.J.U. locality 309. Upper Eocene of Santa Clara County, California. Fig. 3. Discocyclina californica Schenck, sp. nov. Parallel section X 20. Paratype No. 573, L.S.J.U. type collec- tion, L.S.J.U. locality 309. Upper Eocene of Santa Clara County, California. The sectioned pillars appear black. Fig. 4. Discocyclina californica Schenck, sp. nov. Exterior view X 10. Paratype No. 572, L.S.J.U. type collec- tion, L.S.J.U. locality 309. Upper Eocene of Santa Clara County, California. The exact outline of the shell cannot be determined because of the matrix, as is also the case in Fig. 5. Fig. 5. Discocyclina californica Schenck, sp. nov. Exterior view X 10. Paratype No. 571, L.S.J.U. type collec- tion, L.S.J.U. locality 309. Profile view of the same specimen shown in Fig. 2. Upper Eocene of Santa Clara County, California. Fig. 6. Discocyclina californica Schenck, sp. nov. Exterior view X 10. Holotype No. 75, S.D.S.N.H. type collection, from S.D.S.N.H. and L.S.J.U. locality 309. Same specimen as that shown on Plate 27, Fig. 3. Upper Eocene of Santa Clara County, California. SCHENCK DlSCOCYCLINA IN CALIFORNIA Plate 28 238 San Diego Society of Natural History PLATE 29 Fig. 1. Discocyclina California* Schenck, sp. nov. Paratype No. 574, L.S.J.U. type collection, L.S.J.U. locality 309. Upper Eocene, Santa Clara County, California. Excen- tric vertical section, X 13. Fig. 2. Discocyclina californica Schenck, sp. nov. Paratype No. 76, S.D.S.N.H. type collection, S.D.S.N.H. and L.S.J.U. locality 309. Upper Eocene, Santa Clara County, California. Vertical section, X 16. Fig. 3. Discocyclina californica Schenck, sp. nov. Paratype No. 575, L.S.J.U. type collection, L.S.J.U. locality 309. Upper Eocene, Santa Clara County, California. Excentric vertical section, X 15. ScHENCK DlSCOCYCLINA IN CALIFORNIA Plate 29 -• *» •? - •*'"'*/,, •* "m M V IT , ::" I ; • mm v\ %t ->/. : f ^y \x / **^ IS / <^>^li'//^', j D % Publications of the San Diego Society of Natural History TRANSACTIONS Vol. I, No. 1, 1905. Pp. 1-25 50 cents Life Areas of California by Frank Stephens Address on Books Relating to Geology, Mineral Resources and Palaeontology of California by A. W. Vogdes Vol. I, No. 2, 1907. Pp. 25-83 Not available A Bibliographical Sketch of Dr. John B. Trask by A. W. Vogdes Mollusks and Brachiopods Collected in San Diego, Calif by F. W. Kelsey Notes on the Genus Haliotis by Henry Hemphill The Genus Encrinurus by A. W. Vogdes Vol. I, No. 3, 1911. Pp. 85-113 50 cents The Honey Ants of Point Loma, Calif by Percy Leonard Descriptions of Some Varieties of Shells, with Short Notes on the Geographical Range and Means of Distribution of Land Shells by Henry Hemphill Photographing "Red Snow" in Natural Colors by Ford A. Carpenter Vol. II, No. 1, Nov., 1914. Pp. 1-60 60 cents A Preliminary List of the Hemiptera of San Diego County, California by E. P. Van Duzee In Memoriam — Henry Hemphill. Vol. II, No. 2, 1916. Pp. 61-76 25 cents The Variation Exhibited by Ancistrodon halys (Pallas), A Pit- Viper Inhabiting the Far East by Joseph C. Thompson Vol. II, No. 3, 1916. Pp. 77-102 25 cents Excursion Impressions by Frank Stephens, Forrest Shreve, F. B. Sumner, J. Grinnell, Geo. D. Louderback. Vol III, No. 1, July 20, 1917. Pp. 1-142 $1.40 Palaeozoic Crustacea — The publications and notes on the genera and species during the past twenty years, 1895-1917 by Anthony Wayne Vogdes Vol. Ill, No. 2, Feb. 15, 1919. Pp. 1-40 40 cents An Annotated List of the Birds of San Diego County, California. .by Frank Stephens Vol. Ill, No. 3, April 20, 1921. Pp. 41-56 25 cents An Annotated List of the Mammals of San Diego County, California by Frank Stephens Vol. Ill, No. 4, April 20, 1921. Pp. 57-69 25 cents An Annotated List of the Amphibians and Reptiles of San Diego County, California by Frank Stephens Vol. IV, No. 1, 1924. Pp. 1-158, plates 1, 2 £7.60 Palaeozoic Crustacea. Part I — Bibliography of Palaeozoic Crustacea Part II — List of the Genera and Subgenera of the Trilobita Part III — Historical Summary of the Ordovician Genus Cybele Loven by Anthony Wayne Vogdes Vol. V, No. 1, February 20, 1927. Pp. 1-10, plate 1 25 cents A Discussion of the Zonal Status of the Sierra San Pedro Martir, Lower California, Mexico, with Descriptions of a New Kangaroo Rat and a New Woodpecker from that Region by Laurence M. Huey TRANSACTIONS (Continued) Vol. V, No. 2, July 14, 1927. Pp. 11-40, plates 2, 3 35 cents Birds Recorded in Spring at San Felipe, Northeastern Lower California, Mexico, with the Description of a New Woodpecker from that Locality by Laurence M. Huey Vol. V, No. 3, March 15, 1927. Pp. 41-44 15 cents Two New Geometridae from San Diego County, California by William S. Wright Vol. V, No. 4, March 15, 1927. Pp. 45-64, plates 4-6 30 cents Foraminifera from the Eocene near San Diego, California by Joseph A. Cushman and Marcus A. Hanna Vol. V, No. 5, July 6, 1927. Pp. 65-68 15 cents A New Kangaroo Rat and a New Brush Rabbit from Lower California, Mexico by Laurence M. Huey Vol. V, No. 6, July 28, 1927. Pp. 69-82, plates 7, 8 25 cents Late Tertiary and Quaternary Elphidiums of the West Coast of North America by Joseph A. Cushman and U. S. Grant, IV. Vol. V, No. 7, October 10, 1927. Pp. 83-86 15 cents A New Louisiana Heron and a New Round-tailed Ground Squirrel from Lower California, Mexico by Laurence M. Huey Vol. V, No. 8, January 18, 1928. Pp. 87-90 15 cents A New Silky Pocket Mouse and a New Pocket Gopher from Lower California, Mexico by Laurence M. Huey Vol. V, No. 9, Feb. 29, 1928. Pp. 91-94 15 cents West Coast Species of Hinnites by Hoyt Rodney Gale Vol. V, No. 10, March 31, 1928. Pp. 95-182, plates 9-21 $1.00 Notes on the Vaqueros and Temblor Formations of California Miocene with Descriptions of New Species by Lionel William Wiedey Vol. V, No. 11, April 28, 1928. Pp. 183-194, plates 22, 23 25 cents The Trimorphodon (Lyre Snake) of California, with Notes on the Species of the Adjacent Areas by Laurence M. Klauber Vol. V, No. 12, April 28, 1928. Pp. 195-202, plate 24 25 cents A New Echinoid from the California Eocene by Hubert G. Schenck Vol. V, No. 13, September 1, 1928. Pp. 203-210, plates 25, 26 25 cents A New Fox from the Cape Region of Lower California, Mexico by Laurence M. Huey Vol. V, No. 14, February 27, 1929. Pp. 211-240, plates 27-30, figs. 1-10 50 cents Discocyclina in California by Hubert G. Schenck Vol. V, No. 15, February 27, 1929. Pp. 241-244 15 cents A New Pocket Gopher and a New Antelope Ground Squirrel from Lower California, Mexico by Laurence M. Huey OTHER PUBLICATIONS Natural History Museum Bulletin, issued monthly, from October to May Free Annual Report of the San Diego Society of Natural History for the years 1923, 1924, 1925, and 1926 Each 25 cents History of the San Diego Society of Natural History, 1874-1924, Pp. 1-24, by Carroll De Wilton Scott Not available California Mammals, by Frank Stephens, illustrated by W. J. Fenn. Pp. 1-351. (Privately published, 1906) $3.50 MAR 1 1 1929 4*.Stf TRANSACTIONS OF THE SAN DIEGO SOCIETY OF NATURAL HISTORY Vol. V, No. 15, pp. 241-244 February 27, 1929 A NEW POCKET GOPHER AND A NEW ANTELOPE GROUND SQUIRREL FROM LOWER CALIFORNIA, MEXICO1. BY Laurence M. Huey Curator of Birds and Mammals, San Diego Society of Natural History The study of a collection of mammals from the central part of the peninsula of Lower California, made during the early spring of 1928, reveals the presence of two apparently undescribed forms, a Thomomys bottae and an Ammospermophilus leucurus. The designation of char- acters and proposed names follow. Thomomys bottae cactophilus, subsp. nov. Punta Prieta Pocket Gopher Type. — From Punta Prieta, Lower California, Mexico, lat. 28 56 north, long. 114 12 west; no. 6808, collection of the San Diego Society of Natural History; adult male; collected by Laurence M. Huey, February 17, 1928. Characters. — In color, as compared with Thomomys bottae abbotti Huey, darker and grayer, lacking the predominance of buffy ochraceous of abbotti. Smaller in size, with weaker hind feet and has smaller ears with intensely black ear patches. Cranially, cactophilus has a shorter rostrum with small, very narrow and slightly arched lachrymal bones. The audital bullae are well rounded, with no angular constriction. 1 The author extends his thanks to Major E. A. Goldman, of the U. S. Biological Survey, who kindly examined the specimens upon which the descriptions herewith are based and agreed as to their subspecific characters. 242 San Diego Society of Natural History Compared with Thomomys bottae russeolus Nelson and Goldman2, much darker, though the skulls appear very similar. In several characters the race here described forms the connecting link between abbotti and russeolus, being dark pelaged like abbotti and related forms of bottae to the northward, while such characters as equality in size between sexes, and small size, pertain to the more southern Vizcaino Desert forms. Measurements. — Type: Total length, 230; tail, 78; hind foot, 29; ear, 4. Skull {type) : Greatest length, 37.7; spread of maxillary arches, 23.0; greatest length of nasals, 12.4; interorbital constriction, 6.1; aveo- lar length of upper molar series, 8.0. Range. — So far as known, the vicinity of Punta Prieta, Lower Cali- fornia, Mexico. Remarks. — A feature found in determining the above race was the very slight difference in size between the sexes. In fact all the specimens examined from the mid-peninsula (Vizcaino Desert region) seem to show much tendency toward size equality. This is in marked contrast with Thomomys bottae bottae and allied forms living to the northward, where giant males are to be found in nearly every series collected. Specimens examined. — Thomomys bottae abbotti: 16 from one mile east of El Rosario, Lower California, Mexico, (type and topo- types). Thomomys bottae cactophilus: 28 from Punta Prieta, Lower California, Mexico (type locality). Thomomys bottae russeolus: 19 from Campo Los Angeles, Lower California, Mexico; 2 from Calmalli, Lower California, Mexico (not typical) ; 7 from Mesquital, Lower Cali- fornia, Mexico (not typical). 2 Bailey in North American Fauna No. 39, p. 61, Nov. 15, 1915, notes the similarity of color with that of perpallidus from the Colorado desert, but found skull characters that placed the race russeolus definitely in the bottae group. The present writer also noted this color character when trapping the series of russeolus, but later came to the same conclusion reached by Bailey. However, further collecting through the middle section of the peninsula or along the eastern bases of the Sierra Juarez or Sierra San Pedro Martir may reveal a connecting link between bottae and perpallidus, thereby necessitating an amalgamation. Huey— New Gopher and Squirrel from Lower California 243 Ammospermophilus leucurus canfieldae*, subsp. nov. Mid-peninsula Antelope Ground Squirrel Type. — From Punta Prieta, Lower California, Mexico, lat. 28° 56' north, iong. 114° 12' west; no. 6783, collection of the San Diego So- ciety of Natural History; adult male; collected by Laurence M. Huey, February 14, 1928. Color. — As compared with Ammospermophilus leucurus leucurus (Merriam), darker over all colored areas, with orbital ring more pro- nounced. As compared with Ammospermophilus leucurus peninsulae (Allen), lighter over all colored areas, with orbital ring more pro- nounced. Skull. — In comparison with both A. I. leucurus and A. L penin- sulae, smaller and with decidedly smaller bullae; rostrum, shorter and heavier; brain case, narrower posteriorly; tooth row, shorter. Measurements. — Type: Total length, 220; tail, 66; hind foot 35 ear, 5. Skull (type) : Greatest length, 38.0; zygomatic breadth, 22.7 interorbitai constriction, 9.2; tooth row, 6.5; interpterygoid notch, 7.0 nasals, 11.2. Range. — So far as known, the Vizcaino Desert region from Punta Prieta to Campo Los Angeles. Further collecting will, no doubt, indi- cate a wider range over the central part of the peninsula of Lower California. Remarks. — It seems unusual, at first glance, to find an animal that has color characters intermediate between those of related forms occupy- ing ranges on the eastern and western sides of the Sierra San Pedro Martir, but which has its own range entirely south of the other two. Yet such is the case with the race here described. The factors involved present an interesting, though very ordinary, problem, not difficult to solve. It is well known that desert conditions develop, almost without exception, light coloration in faunal life, while the development in humid, forested areas is the opposite. The peninsula 3 It gives the writer pleasure to dedicate this animal to Mrs. May Canfield, who has given the writer encouragement in his natural history pursuits since early boyhood, and, as his co-worker in the field, has suffered with him the trials of many trails, from scorching deserts to frozen mountain peaks. 244 San Diego Society of Natural History of Lower California offers an exceptionally good illustration of this law. Lying in the northeastern section of the peninsula are some of the most dry and torrid deserts to be found in North America, while not one hundred miles to the westward, on the shores of the Pacific Ocean, are areas cooled and dampened by prevalent sea breezes and fogs. Forming a central backbone for a portion of the peninsula's length, a range of high mountains extends from the north. After reaching its greatest ele- vation in the section known as the Sierra San Pedro Martir, the range dwindles in elevation toward the south until arid conditions exist on the summits. The higher parts of this mountain chain form a barrier to many of the birds and mammals, over which climatic conditions forbid their passing; yet further southward conditions are suitable to their needs. Hence the area of their occupancy follows a roughly U shaped outline, based on the gradual blending of climatic conditions, where this mountain barrier permits. Owing to the width of the peninsula at that point, a large area is to be found at the base of the U, in which some of the birds and mammals have developed color characters intermediate between those found on either side of the narrower part of the peninsula to the north. Indeed, so extensive is this region that the characters developed are held over a considerable range, permitting the segregation and naming of definite races. Should the same conditions of color blending occur, as they do in many other cases, "sandwiched" between two well marked races oc- cupying a comparatively limited area, they would, and justly should, be termed intergrades. Specimens examined. — Ammospermophilus leucurus leucurus: 1 from Aguanga, Riverside County, California; 3 from La Puerta, San Diego County, California; 2 from San Felipe, Lower California, Mex- ico. Ammospermophilus leucurus peninsulae: 2 from Santo Domingo, Lower California, Mexico (lat. 30° 45' north, long. 115° 58 west); 8 from mouth of Agua Chicita Canyon, San Quintin Plain, Lower Cali- fornia, Mexico. Ammospermophilus leucurus canfieldae: 2 from Punta Prieta, Lower California, Mexico (type locality) ; 1 from Mesquital, Lower California, Mexico; 2 from Campo Los Angeles, Lower Cali- fornia, Mexico. AUG 1 2 1329 TRANSACTIONS OF THE SAN DIEGO SOCIETY OF NATURAL HISTORY Volume V, No. 16, pp. 245-256, fig. 1 NOTES ON THE MARINE PLEISTOCENE DEPOSITS OF SAN DIEGO COUNTY, CALIFORNIA BY Frank Stephens Curator Emeritus, San Diego Society of Natural History SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA printed for the society August 5, 1929 COMMITTEE ON PUBLICATION U. S. Grant, IV, Chairman Fred Baker Clinton G. Abbott, Editor NOTES ON THE MARINE PLEISTOCENE DEPOSITS OF SAN DIEGO COUNTY, CALIFORNIA BY Frank Stephens Curator Emeritus, San Diego Society of Natural History The marine Pleistocene deposits of San Diego county are restricted to a narrow zone along the sea coast, the greater number being close to the shores of the ocean or bays. Their elevations vary from sea level or below to nearly one hundred feet above present sea level. Taken as a whole, the elevation of the strata after deposition was nearly uniform, though there are some local differences of a few feet, notably the differ- ences between the strata on the ocean front and those bordering on San Diego Bay and Mission Bay. However, this may be due to a difference in age, those along the ocean front being probably younger. From facts gathered in the field, the author offers the following brief interpretation of the geological history of these Pleistocene deposits. Preceding the deposition of these Pleistocene beds, an elevation of the whole region extended the dry land westward, possibly several miles beyond the present shore line. Following this emergnt condition a period of depression occurred, continuing until the coast line was a short distance inland from the present beach. It is probable that the fossil shell deposits on the edge of San Diego Bay and Mission Bay were laid down at this time. Then a further depression of several feet occurred, followed by a long period of relative stability during which the sea cut a terrace along the margins of the mesas. This wave-cut terrace is distinct along the west side of Point Loma and probably extended along the coast continuously for many miles, as traces of it can be found in many places. The sea level at this time was about one hundred feet above its present position with reference to the land, and the shore line was very different in contour from that of the present beach. Point Loma was an island and a channel occupied the present positions of San Diego Bay and Mission Bay. While these two bays did not exist, as such, at that time, it is probable that there were several smaller bays at the mouths of the older valleys and canyons. The sketch map (Fig. l) is based on the one hundred foot contour line of the U. S. G. S. topographic sheets of the San Diego and La Jolla quadrangles. This sketch map shows what ■Ui^> v- %»*< MILES ne ^9/^^^°-NJlgPM^J§S-- Fig. 1. Broken line shows present position of the coast of San Diego County. Full line shows its probable position during Pleistocene submergence. Numbers refer to Pleistocene fossil localities described in the text. Stephens — Pleistocene Deposits of San Diego County 249 the configuration of the shore line would be if this region were depressed one hundred feet. Although erosion since Pleistocene time must be considered, it is probable that the sketch map gives a good general impression of the coast line at the time of the greater Pleistocene sub- mergence mentioned above. It is practically certain that differential elevation did not remove the shore line very far from that indicated on the map, as the contact between the Pleistocene strata of the terrace and the underlying older strata is distinct and varies but a very few feet from the horizontal in many miles. After this submergence, the land rose to its present position and the sea began cutting a new terrace at all places where the land was exposed to wave action. It has already worn away much of the former terrace, in places even the whole of it. On Point Loma the remnant varies in width from a few yards to a quarter of a mile. From Torrey Pines to Mission Bay it is entirely gone in places, and elsewhere is only fragmen- tary, the remnant at Pacific Beach being the largest. The cutting back of this terrace is continuing by wave action at the present time and, barring some modifying diastrophism, the terrace will eventually be entirely destroyed. "The mills of the gods grind slowly but they grind exceeding fine." These Pleistocene deposits should not be confused with the scattered shells of edible mollusks found at ancient Indian camps and villages in many places along the sea coast. Such "kitchen midden" deposits comprise only a few species, but often contain small shells and therefore may be misleading. The small shells are usually young individuals of the edible species. Identification of the fossil shells listed under the localities was made by Mrs. Kate Stephens, Curator of Mollusks and Marine Invertebrates in the San Diego Society of Natural History. She has examined all the shells collected at the various localities, numbering several thousand specimens. Practically all the species found exist in a living state at the present day. Some have a southern distribution, occurring now rarely or not at all this far north. More have a northern habitat. An interpreta- tion of probable temperature conditions in the sea during the depositions of these beds must wait more intensive collecting. 'The numbers used are those of entries in the Paleontological Locality Book of the San Diego Society of Natural History. 250 San Diego Society of Natural History LOCALITIES EXAMINED S. D. S. N. H. No. 118. International Boundary Monument No. 258 stands on a mesa a few yards from its edge, which is at the Pacific Ocean. This mesa is a terrace about seventy feet in altitude at the beach and about one hundred and fifty feet where it abuts against the hills to the eastward. It is about half a mile in width. Northward, it is bounded a quarter of a mile from the international boundary by the Tijuana River bottom. The sand beach on the ocean side of the terrace is a hundred yards in width. The bank at the edge of the terrace is a steep, soil-covered slope carrying a considerable growth of brush. The soil covers the edges of the more or less consolidated strata of sand and clay underlying the terrace and rock exposures are very few. Seventy-five yards north of Monument No. 258, a small ravine cuts through the talus and exposes a fossiliferous stratum about forty feet below the upper edge of the slope. The stratum is about a foot thick and contains an abund- ance of fragments of large bivalves. These fragments are so thoroughly broken that very few can be recognized specifically. By sifting, a number of small univalves were obtained, mostly small species. The material underlying the fossiliferous stratum appears to be a soft sandstone. That over it is sand and clay, poorly consolidated except a hard stratum near the top of the slope. The species most abundant here are: Alectrion perpinguis. Alec- trion fossatus, Colnmbella carinata, Conns californicus, Crepidula adunca, Dentalium neohexagonum, Olivella boetica, Tellma meropsis, Tnrbonilla sp. S. D. S. N. H. No. 119. About a quarter of a mile from the ocean, a ravine crosses the international boundary east of Monument No. 258. The ravine runs north to the Tijuana River bottom. About two hundred yards north of the boundary, in the bank on the west side of the ravine, a fossiliferous stratum is exposed. It is about a foot thick and is composed of material similar to that at Locality No. 118. About twenty-five yards south of Locality No. 119 is another small exposure. As the fossils appeared to be like those at No. 119, I did not collect any from there. From composition, situation and altitude, I believe Nos. 118 and 119 are parts of the same stratum, and that this stratum underlies much of the terrace, possibly as far as the terrace extends, and that the over- lying material was worn away from the bordering hills partly by wave Stephens — Pleistocene Deposits of San Diego County 251 action and partly by other processes. After later elevation, the sea wore away the edge of the terrace and built a sand beach in front of the bank. The species most abundant here are: Alectrion perpinguis, Colum- bella carinata, Conns californicus, Crepidula adnnca, Dentalinm neohexagonum, Glycymeris septentrionalis, Kellia laperousii, Odostomia sp., Olivella pedroana, Tellina bodegensis. S. D. S. N. H. No. 54. This locality is on San Diego Bay at the foot of Twenty-sixth Street. It is marked on the San Diego quadrangle of the U. S. G. S. Topographic Map as Indian Point. The fossil deposit is at the bay shore and extends a block each way from the foot of Twenty-sixth Street. The Santa Fe railroad is graded along the bank and exposes some of the deposit. The principal deposit of shells, which is on the outer side of the point, extends from fifteen or twenty feet above tide to an unknown distance under water. Shells of several species are abundant. They are in coarse sand, usually loose, cemented with lime in places. There is considerable "kitchen midden" material on the terrace at the top of the bank and some of the shells have been washed down on the face of the bank. The species most abundant here are : Cardium snbstriatum, Chione undatella. Caecum sp., Crucibulnm spinosum, Diplodonta sericata, Donna ponderosa, Lacuna unifasciata, Macoma calcarea, Mactra cali- fornica, Ostrea lurida, Pitaria newcombiana, Tagelus calif ornianus. S. D. S. N. H. No. 55. This deposit is on Greeley Street, south of Thirty-second Street, about two-thirds of a mile from San Diego Bay. It is in a bank on the south side of a ravine, there being an old railroad grade in the ravine. The altitude is about forty feet. There is a sand- stone stratum, cemented with lime, that contains many fragments of shells and a few whole ones, but they are soft and crumble in extracting. Overlying this stratum is soil that contains scattered shells that are better preserved. They probably were weathered out of a higher stratum. Soil and rubbish have been dumped over the bank and obscure its face. The commonest species here are: Chione succincta, Ostrea lurida, Pecten circularis, Phacoides nuttallii. S. D. S. N. H. No. 56. A cliff twenty to twenty-five feet in height along the east side of North Island borders Spanish Bight, San Diego Bay. A hundred yards south of the west end of the bridge, which connects with Coronado, a "coquina" deposit commences, composed principally of Donax. In the upper part of the deposit the shells are 252 San Diego Society of Natural History rather firmly cemented together, but lower they are less firmly cemented, often being loose in sand. The "coquina" extends about a hundred yards southward, where it rather abruptly becomes considerably less rich in Donax and other species are found, rather sparingly at first and occasionally in bunches. These fossils occur in gray sand. The face of the cliff is usually covered with a few inches to two or three feet of soil which has been washed from above or dumped over the cliff in leveling the nearby aviation grounds. This Spanish Bight locality has yielded the greatest number of species of any locality along this part of the coast. Some of the more abundant are: Alectrion jossatus, Aligena cerritensis, Colnmbella guasapata, Dendraster excentricus, Dentalium neohexagonum, Crepidula adanca, Cryptomya californica, Donax laevigata, Olivella biplicata, Olivella boetica, Pecten latiauratus, Tellina buttoni, Terebra pedroanum, Tivella stultorum. S. D. S. N. H. No. 57. This locality is on the east side of Point Loma, at Rosecrans Street, near Dumas Street. For two blocks street grading has exposed a deposit consisting almost exclusively of Ostrea lurida. The Ostrea fragments are a compact mass several feet in thick- ness. There are a few other species in small numbers. The altitude above the bay is thirty to forty feet. S.D.S.N.H. Nos. 58, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, 121, 122, 123, 124, 125, 126, 127 and 128. Along the west side of Point Loma, within a distance of four miles, are a number of paleontological collect- ing localities. As these are all in the same Pleistocene stratum, they will be described as a group. The only difference among them is the relative abundance of the species caused by the difference in the material com- posing that part of the fore shore from which they were originally transported by wave and current action. The preponderance of rock- dwelling species, such as limpets, chitons and mussels shows that in Pleistocene times the fore shore was principally rocky, as it is now. Along the west side of Point Loma there is practically no beach; the waves at high and mid tides beat against a rock cliff. At low tide, there is a narrow rock- or boulder-strewn beach in places. The cliff is so nearly perpendicular that it can be scaled in but few places. The line of contact between the Pleistocene and the underlying, older rocks can easily be distinguished all along the cliffs. The contact is horizontal, varying so little from a true level for many miles that it requires close inspection or the use of an instrument to detect any variation. This is not the case Stephens — Pleistocene Deposits of San Diego County 253 with the underlying strata. It is seldom that they run horizontally for any distance. The older rocks dip at various angles and in various direc- tions, showing that they had been distorted by earth movements before the upper part had been cut away in Pleistocene time. A remarkable fact is that no such local disturbances have taken place since the Pleisto- cene stratum was deposited. One exception to this condition must be noted. About a third of a mile north of the southern extremity of Point Loma, a fault can be seen with a down-throw on the south side of about twenty feet. Movement on this fault occurred after the Pleistocene strata were deposited, as shown by the drop in the contact line. It may have occurred at the time of the last elevation of the land. The commonest species found along the west side of Point Loma are : Acmaea insessa, Acmaea limatula, Acmaea mitra, Acmaea pelta, Acamea scabra, Aletes squamigerus, Cardita subquadrata, Chione unda- tella, Tegula funebralis aperta, Conus californicus, Crepidula aculeata, Crepidula adunca, Cumingia lamellosa, Fissurella volcano, Leptothyra carpenteri, Littorina scutulata, Lottia gigantea, Mytilus calif ornianus, Paphia staminea, Phacoides californicus, Pseudochama exogyra, Septifer bifurcatus. S. D. S. N. H. No. 64. Near the northeast corner of Mission Bay is a cut made by the Santa Fe railroad. In the northern part of this cut is a deposit of Pleistocene shells, which extends an unknown distance below the ditches at the sides of the track and up the side of the bank eight or ten feet. In the cliff between the railroad and the bay is an exposure of Pliocene age, which contains boulders carrying Eocene species of shells. The altitude of the railroad cut is about twenty or twenty-five feet above the bay. Some of the species found at this Pleistocene locality are : Cerithidea californica, Chione gnidia, Chione succincta, Macoma calcarea, Paphia staminea, Phacoides californicus, Phacoides nuttallii, Tagelus californi- anus, Diplodonta sericata, Tellina meropsis. S. D. S. N. H. No. 65. Crown Point, formerly known as Bay Point, projects into Mission Bay from the north. Along the west side of its southern extremity is a deposit of Pleistocene age. This is a cemented mass composed principally of Donax laevigata, with a few Amiantis callosa, Chione succincta, Macoma secta, Paphia staminea and Tivela stultorum scattered through the mass. In the lower part, at about high tide line, Dendraster excentricus is common. The shell- bearing strata extend from the water ten or fifteen feet up the bank. 254 San Diego Society of Natural History S. D. S. N. H. No. 66. Along the ocean front at Pacific Beach is a cliff twenty to fifty feet in height. For about half a mile in the southern part of this cliff, fossil shells are more or less abundant. The upper part of the cliff is Pleistocene, underlaid with Pliocene. In the Pliocene, a skull, ribs and vertebrae of some species of whalebone whale have been found. Pleistocene shells have been washed down over the Pliocene and are liable to be confused with those of that age. The con- tact between the Pleistocene strata and the Pliocene is practically horizontal, but unconformable, as the Pliocene strata have a decided dip southward. A careful collection from above the contact contains the following common species: Acanthina paucilirata, Acmaea insessa, Aiectrion jos- satus, Aletes squamigerus, Calliostoma canaliculatum, Columbella carinata, Columbella guasapata, Conus californicus, Crepidula adunca, Crepidida onyx, Cryptomya californica, Diadora sp., Donax laevigata, Fissurella volcano, Littorina scutulata, Olivella biplicata, Olivella ped- roana, Paphia staminea, Polinices recluzianus, Tivela stultorum. S. D. S. N. H. No. 67. At the beach between La Jolla and La Jolla Hermosa, are weathered-out shells lying on the surface or a few inches under the surface of the soil, fifteen to thirty-five feet above tide. No definite stratum was found; probably it is all weathered away. Conditions are much the same for some distance along the beach, but no shells were found elsewhere. In the cliff, a little farther south, the contact between the Pleistocene and the older rocks is distinct, but I found no fossils there. Species found here are : Acmaea limatula, barnacles, Donax gouldii, Ischnochiton sp., Lottia gigantea, Mytilus calif ornianus, Pseudochama exogyra, Septifer bijurcatus. S. D. S. N. H. No. 68. The Pleistocene terrace that once must have been extended along the ocean side of the Torrey Pines ridge has been almost completely obliterated by the sea. At least one remnant is left. This is at Stairway Canyon, a mile or more south of the northern end of the ridge. This remnant extends a quarter of a mile southward from the "stairway" and nearly as far northward, but the northern part is much narrower, being merely a shelf toward the end, with but a thin fossiliferous stratum left over the contact. Apparently, in the Pleistocene epoch, there was a cove or little valley at the lower end of Stairway Canyon, which the surf widened and cut back back beyond the elsewhere nearly straight face of the cliff, thus giving it some protection. In this Stephens — Pleistocene Deposits of San Diego County 255 cove, and probably in that part of the terrace that has vanished, clay, sand and shells were deposited, forming the Pleistocene strata. The contact between the Pleistocene and the Eocene strata is about sixty feet above sea level. The Eocene strata are not fossil-bearing at that height, but they are fossil-bearing at sea level and for some little distance above it; also near the top of the cliffs in a few places. Twenty-five or more species of fossil shells occur in the Pleistocene strata. The most common species are: Cumingia lamellosa, Donax gouldii, Donax laevigata, Ischnochiton sp., Mytilus calif ornianus, Paphia staminea, Pseudochama exogyra, Tivela stultorum, Saxidomus nuttallii. S. D. S. N. H. No. 69. This locality is about two miles by road north of Del Mar, on the route to Rancho Santa Fe. It is on the north side of San Dieguito valley and on the north side of the road a few hundred yards east of the forks of the road. At this point, in the hillside, is a Pleistocene deposit. In its eastern part, the shells are weathered out and scattered over the hillside, with no stratum discernible. In the wes- tern part, in a small gulch, is a stratum of lime-cemented sandstone containing fossil shells, and near it, a little lower down the slope, are blocks in the soil of what appeared to be the same material as the stratum. The fossiliferous stratum is about sixty feet above sea level. Brush and soil obscure the situation and no contact with older rock was seen. A few yards further east, at the roadside, is a stratum containing Eocene fossils. The most common species of Pleistocene shells found here are: Aletes squamigerus, Chione succincta, Chione undatella, Diplodonta sericata, Diplodonta subquadrata, Ostrea lurida, Phacoides nuttallii, Pecten aequisulcatus, Pinna sp., Tagelus calif ornianus. S. D. S. N. H. No. 70. At the northeast end of Point Loma, just south of the intersection of Midway Drive and the U. S. Govern- ment Dike, on the south side of the San Diego River, there is an em- bankment of Eocene sandstone. Resting on one of the harder strata which juts out slightly, forming a shelf, there is a thin sandy deposit of Pleistocene age. This deposit is at an elevation of somewhat less than fifty feet. It is apparently the same stratum as that exposed along the west side of Point Loma, but, being on the protected side of what was formerly the island, the fossils are of somewhat different species. The stratum is exposed only for a short distance. The three abundant species here are : Chione undatella, Ostrea lurida and Turritella goniostoma (?). . AUG I 2 1929 TRANSACTIONS OF THE SAN DIEGO SOCIETY OF NATURAL HISTORY Volume V, No. 17, pp. 257-262, plate 31 A NEW MIOCENE ECHINOID FROM CALIFORNIA BY Hubert Lyman Clark Museum of Comparative Zoology, Cambridge, Mass. SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA printed for the society August 5, 1929 COMMITTEE ON PUBLICATION U. S. Grant, IV, Chairman Fred Baker Clinton G. Abbott, Editor A NEW MIOCENE ECHINOID FROM CALIFORNIA BY Hubhrt Lyman Clark Museum of Comparative Zoology, Cambridge, Mass. Through the kindness of Professor Hubert G. Schenck, of Leland Stanford Junior University, I have been given the opportunity to examine and describe a remarkable spatangoid sea-urchin from Cali- fornia. The specimen is a cast of the interior of the test, i.e. an internal mould, and hence shows no tubercles or other characters of the exterior of the animal. But the outlines of the plates both of the ambulacra and interambulacra are well shown and as the specimen is very little damaged or distorted by pressure, a very fair idea of what the species was like in life is obtainable. At first sight the superficial resemblance to the well-known Lovenia cordiformis, now living on the coasts of southern and Lower California, is very striking, but even a cursory examination shows that there is no very close relationship. The total absence of sunken scrobicules in the interambulacra, so conspicuous a feature in Lovenia, and the large and much less specialized petals are fundamental differences. As it is not possible to determine anything about the fascioles, since these are recognizable only on the exterior of the test, the family to which this spatangoid belongs must remain uncertain but the general form of the test warrants assigning it to the Spatangidae. There does not seem to be any genus now known to which it can be referred and I am therefore compelled to establish for it MEG APET ALUS , gen. nov. Test relatively long and narrow, and rather high. Oral surface flattened with the peristome only a trifle depressed and with a slight indication of a median keel in interambulacrum 5. Ambulacra petaloid and dorsally very conspicuous; petals very broad, reaching nearly to ambitus, little contracted distally; anterior petal (III) evident but nar- rower than the others and with its sides more nearly parallel. Ambula- 1 \liyaq = large + JtexaXov =- petal, in reference to the large petals. 260 San Diego Society of Natural History crum III slightly sunken at the ambitus, but hardly enough so to make the test cordiform. No indication of large tubercles in interambulacra. Abactinal system damaged, so that not even the number of genital pores is determinable. Periproct small, higher than wide, on posterior end of test, not depressed. Genotype : Megapetalus lovenioides" Hubert Lyman Clark, sp. nov. Plate 31, figs. 1-6 Holotype No. 579, type collection invertebrate paleontology, L. S. J. U., locality 667, (= S.D.S.N.H. locality 164.) Plastoholotype No. 72, type collection, invertebrate paleontology, S.D.S.N.H. Test 42 mm. lonq;, 32 mm. wide and 21 mm. high; width is thus about three-fourths of length and height about half. Except for the apex, the specimen is well preserved and not much distorted; as already stated, it is an internal mould, i.e. a cast of the interior of the test; hence no fascioles, tubercles, or external ornamentation of any kind are indicated. Apex crushed and damaged so that no apical disk can be made out nor are there any indications of genital pores. Test widest across apex, just back of petals II and IV, narrowing slowly but considerably posteriorly, less so anteriorly; posterior and anterior ends of test are each about 15 mm. wide. Ambulacrum III not sunken at all near apex of test but becoming perceptibly depressed at ambitus and continuing slightly depressed to peristome; the depression at ambitus is a little more than one millimeter. Petaloid area very large, practically coincident with the aboral sur- face of test. Petals I and V about 30 mm. long, 9 mm. wide near middle and 7.5 mm. wide at the apparently closed tip which is very near am- bitus; interporiferous area is about 3 mm. wide where widest; it is impossible to determine what the relation of petals I and V were proximally but apparently they were not at all confluent but were at least a millimeter apart where they touch the apical system; there are about 35 ambulacra! plates on each side of these posterior petals. Petals II and IV, widely divergent, each of them making an angle of approxi- mately 75 degrees with the longitudinal axis of the test; they are each 2Lovenia, the well known genus, + 6eiSr|g = similar to, in reference to a superficial resemblance to some species of Lovenia. Clark — New Miocene Echinoid from California 261 27 mm. long, 8 mm. wide near middle and 7 mm. at the tip which is little if at all closed; there are about 40 ambulacral plates on each side of each petal but half of these are crowded in the proximal 8 mm. where they are very small. Petal III is some 23 mm. long, about 5 mm. wide, with its sides almost parallel; there are about 27 ambulacral plates in each column, but the proximal ones are too crushed and displaced to permit accurate counting. Interambulacral plates large near ambitus becoming rapidly smaller toward the apical system; in each column there are 6, 7 or possibly 8 but the proximal ones are difficult to make out; those at the ambitus in areas 1 and 4 are 1 1 mm. wide by 5 mm. high. Periproct vertical on the posterior end of the somewhat truncated test, about 4 mm. high by more than 2 mm. wide, probably just visible from above in the living animal. There is no satisfactory indication of a subanal plastron. Peristome 6 mm. wide and less than 3 mm. long, its anterior margin only 9 mm. from the ambitus in ambulacrum III. Ventral plastron rather long and narrow, distinctly carinate posteriorly. According to a note from Professor Schenck, this notable fossil was found at "Leland Stanford Junior University locality 667, Santa Paula quadrangle, Ventura County, California, on the divide between Sulphur and Coche Canyons in the formation consisting of chocolate-colored shale and some gray sandstone that overlies Miocene white siliceous shale, commonly referred to as the Modelo Shale, and that underlies lower Pico (Pliocene) conglomerate. The age of the formation carrying the echinoids is regarded as uppermost Miocene, presumably the corre- lative of the Santa Margarita formation of San Luis Obispo County." The color of the specimen is a bright orange-brown or rust color. 262 San Diego Society of Natural History PLATE 31 Megapetalus lovenioides Hubert Lyman Clark, sp. nov. All of the figures are approximately natural size and are of the same specimen, Holotype No. 579 of the Stanford University col- lection of invertebrate paleontology, collected at L.S J.U. locality 667 (— SD.S.N.H. locality 164), between Coche and Sulphur Canyons, Santa Paula Quadrangle, Ventura County, California, approximate latitude 34° 23' north, longitude 119° 14' 30" west. The holotype was obtained from upper Miocene sandstone inter- bedded with chocolate-brown shale. The matrix obscures the exact outline of the test in Figs. 1, 3, and 4, and details of the actinal surface in Fig. 6 are hidden by the sandstone. Fig. 1 is a posterior view of the test, showing the position of the periproct. Fig. 2 is an anterior view. Figs. 3 and 4 are side views which give the general proportions of the test and an idea of the nature of the ambulacra and interambulacra. Fig. 5 is an abactinal and Fig. 6 an actinal view. Clark — New Miocene Echinoid from California Plate 3 1 AUG I 2 1929 2-&, v) 6 TRANSACTIONS OF THE SAN DIEGO SOCIETY OF NATURAL HISTORY Volume V., No. 18, pp. 263-282, plates 32-33, figs. 1-9 LOLIOLOPSIS CHIROCTES, A NEW GENUS AND SPECIES OF SQUID FROM THE GULF OF CALIFORNIA. BY S. Stillman Berry Redlands, California SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA Printed for the Society August 5. 1929 AUG 1 1 1929 TRANSACTIONS OF THE SAN DIEGO SOCIETY OF NATURAL HISTORY Volume V., No. 18, pp. 263-282, plates 32-33, figs. 1-9 LOLIOLOPSIS CHIROCTES, A NEW GENUS AND SPECIES OF SQUID FROM THE GULF OF CALIFORNIA. BY S. Stillman Berry Redlands, California SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA Printed for the Society August 5. 1929 COMMITTEE ON PUBLICATION U. S. Grant, IV, Chairman Fred Baker Clinton G Abbott, Editor LOLIOLOPSIS CHIROCTES, A NEW GENUS AND SPECIES OF SQUID FROM THE GULF OF CALIFORNIA. BY S. Stillman Berry Redlands, California It has been observed more than once by writers dealing with the group that the cephalopod Family Loliginidae forms a remarkably homo- geneous assemblage, its members agreeing very closely as to many points of form, organization, and development (cf. Naef, :12, p. 741 ), which serve contrariwise to set them rather sharply apart from nearly all other living families of squids thus far known to us. Naef, the most recent reviewer of the group, gave taxonomic recognition to this fact (:21, p. 535) when he made them the principal component of his higher division "Metateuthoidea myopsida". Only two other families are included with them and these are so insufficiently known that more complete information may easily enough show them to have been im- properly affiliated. The Loliginidae themselves are divided (Naef, :12, p. 742-745; :21, p. 535) into but six genera: Loligo Lamarck 1799 (sometimes quoted as of Schneider 1784) Sepioteuthis de Blainville 1824 Loliolus Steenstrup 1856 Lolliguncula Steenstrup 1881 Doryteuthis Naef 1912 Alloteuthis "Naef Ms." Wulker 1920 (= Acruroteuthis Berry 1920) It is a matter of great interest therefore to be able to report the discovery of a seventh genus offering features altogether distinct from those of any of its recorded fellows, and sufficient in one or two respects appreciably to modify our conception of the characters proper to the family. The material in hand comprises a beautiful series of specimens collected at Puerto Escondido, on the Gulf side of the peninsula of Lower California, Mexico, by Mr. Tom Craig of Pomona College. I 266 San Diego Society of Natural History am much indebted to Mr. Craig not only for permitting my examination and study of his material but for unreservedly placing the whole of it at my disposal. Acknowledgement should also be made to my artist, Mr. Rodman K. Cross, of Redlands, California, for his painstaking efforts to secure proper delineation of the complex structural details found in this strange animal. In this his exquisite brushwork speaks for itself. LOLIOLOPSIS new genus Diagnosis : Small loliginiform squids of the Family Loliginidae having the rather short fins joined in smoothly rounded union past the tip of the body, the funnel furnished with externally evident dorsal adductor muscles, the buccal lappets bearing each a few minute suckers, the giadius delicate and narrow with a long rostrum, and the sexes strongly dimorphic. Males smaller and a little more robust than females, and with relatively longer arms, both arms of the ventral pair being secondarily modified, the right by the development of a large semicircular flap on its inner margin, the left by the suppression of all its suckers save a few near the base, and by its extreme elongation and attenuation distally, an elaborate comb-like organ being developed at the tip of the arm perhaps in homology with the similarly situated modified sucker pedicels to be observed in other genera. Remarks: Although obviously suggesting some of the smaller species of Loligo, Loliolopsis is well set apart from this as from all other genera of the family by the fact that both ventral arms in the male are sexually modified. It also differs from Loligo in the elliptical fins, unpointed behind, but these are smaller relative to the body than in the more clumsily built Lolliguncula. The nearly straightsided giadius is also not quite typical for Loligo. The comparatively small size, great reduction of the sucker-bearing area of the left ventral arm in the male and the reduction of the funnel retractor muscles suggest an approach to the eccentric Loliolus, although in other particulars no such approach appears. When an investigation of the visceral anatomy becomes possible the systematic position of the genus within the family can doubtless be more exactly allocated. The generic name proposed is derived from that of this presumably related genus, Loliolus, the Greek oijn? (aspect of), the hybrid compound appearing defensible under the circumstances. Berry — New Genus of Squid 267 Loliolopsis chiroctes new species Diagnosis : Small loliginiform squids having the sexes quite con- spicuously dimorphic, the body of the ? larger than that of the $ and with relatively shorter arms and larger fins; arm formula of ? 3, 4, 2, 1, of $ 4 , 4r, 3, 2, 1, the dorsal pair conspicuously the smallest and short- est, the strongly keeled third pair the stoutest, though in the $ exceeded in length by the ventral pair; both ventral arms in $ sexually modified; right ventral arm of $ narrowed and bearing numerous very small suckers throughout its length, its keels wide and the ventral one further broad- ened near the middle to form a conspicuous semicircular flap; left ventral arm of $ slender and excessively attenuated and produced, bearing only a few pairs of minute suckers at the base, the mesially grooved inner face thence bare until a comb-like series of finger-shaped papillae arises on the inner-oral angle of the arm at its extremity; tentacles short, the clubs moderately expanded and bearing four rows of suckers of which those of the two inmost series are notably the largest on the main part of the club; gladius narrow and delicate, widest near the middle, and with the midrib free for the anterior third of its length. Description of Male Plate 32, fig. 1; Plate 33, figs. 1, 2, 4, 5 The J" is a small loliginiform squid having a nearly cylindrical Body (PI. 32, fig l) but little wider than deep, which is nearly straight-sided or weakly convex anteriorly, but tapers rapidly between the fins to a rather blunt point behind. The Mantle is firm and muscular, its anterior margin produced dorsally into a small conical rostrum and ventrally into weak angular projections on either side of the rather deep emargination subjacent to the funnel. The Fins are of moderate size, their length about one-third and their total transverse diameter about one-half the dorsal mantle length; in outline they are roughly elliptical or elliptic- sagittate, being almost semicircular in outline posteriorly where they are smoothly continuous with one another just above the tip of the body, which they also exceed a trifle posteriorly. Widest behind the middle and rounded or very obtusely angled at the sides, their anterior margins slope forward in a slightly convex line until just before their junction with the body when they are suddenly notched in on each side to form a small free anterior lobe. 268 San Diego Society of Natural History The Locking Cartilages are simple, narrow, and nearly straight, the funicular components being slightly widest posteriorly, narrowing and becoming somewhat more strongly cartilaginous in front. The Funnel is short, stout and muscular, with only about the distal one-third to one- half protruding from under the mantle margin. An abrupt transverse constriction on the ventral aspect a little way back from the aperture accentuates the swollen or pot-bellied appearance possessed by the exposed portion of the organ behind this point. Internally the funnel is provided with a conspicuous tongue-like subterminal valve arising on the dorsal wall just in front of the aforementioned constriction, and a well developed Funnel Organ comprising a large A-shaped medio- dorsal pad and a pair of smaller ovate ventro-lateral pads. The adductor muscles are very narrow and delicate, but visible externally as a double pair of slender bridles supporting the funnel at the base of the large and strongly excavated funnel-groove (PI. 33, fig. 6 [ $ ] ). The Head is rather small, as wide as, or even a trifle wider than, the widest part of the body, but it is less than half as long as wide. The dorsal surface is flattened or barely convex, the ventral slightly concave. The Eyes are fairly large and conspicuous but not notably protruding. The Arms vary widely in appearance and structure. Those of the dorsal pair are much the smallest and most delicate in structure, are conspicuously keeled longitudinally on the aboral exposure, and attain only one-half to two-thirds the length of the second pair, the latter being much stouter and strongly flattened and squared aborally, but keel-less and attaining a little less than half the mantle length. The arms of the third pair are still stouter and longer, reaching rather more than one-half the mantle-length; they are much compressed dorso-ventrally and are strongly keeled on the aboral angle throughout their length. In the narrowest sense the Nuptial Arm is the left ventral, but both ventral arms are sexually modified (PI. 33, fig. l). The right ventral arm has the sucker-bearing face greatly narrowed, its swimming membranes much reduced, especially the inner or ventral, and its suckers reduced to about two-thirds the diameter (largest ca. 0.57 mm.) of those at a corres- ponding level near the middle of the adjoining third arm, and with more constricted apertures. These suckers are accordingly very numerous, about 50 pairs being possible of enumeration with the aid of a simple lens. Both inner and outer keels on this arm are strongly developed fleshy membranes, the latter arising directly from the base of the keel Berry — New Genus of Squid 269 on the adjoining third arm to form at once a broad sheath around the base of the tentacle, thence narrowing rapidly to the tip of the ventral arm. The inner keel is little more than an accentuation of the ventro- aboral angle of the arm at the base of the deep, sheer cleft which divides the ventral arms, but it steadily widens until near the middle of the arm it flares suddenly to form a conspicuous semi-lunate flap 3.5 to 4 mm. wide (PI. 33, fig. l) , whence it again continues narrowly to the tip of the arm. The left ventral arm suffers strong modification throughout its length. This arm is as muscular or more so at the base as its mate of the opposite side, but the sucker-bearing face is subjected to still further narrowing so that a transverse section of the arm in this region exclusive of the keel is something like a tall isosceles triangle. The suckers likewise suffer an even greater reduction in size than on the right ventral arm, being not only excessively minute (0.46 mm. diam.) but often almost entirely wanting, there being in the type specimen only two suckers remaining adherent near the extreme base of the arm, while six pairs is the maximum in any of the specimens. Distal to the suckers a few minute paired alternating papulations may be made out, which if they bore suckers would make a total of possible eight pairs of suckers on the basal 10 or 11 mm. of the arm. This portion of the arm has a slightly swollen appearance, but thereupon the member narrows, and the remain- der, although still firm and muscular, is extraordinarily attenuate, being produced into an extremely long slender extremity, so that the entire length of the arm is two and one-half to three and one-half times the length of the dorsal pair, or as much as four-fifths of the mantle length. Where the narrowing of the arm begins, a narrow longitudinal groove or sulcus appears on the inner side just below the sucker-bearing face, at first parallel to the latter, but promptly swerving nearly to the center of the oral face of the arm, and though at first narrow and relatively deep with thick fleshy walls, it gradually widens and becomes more shallow distad, the walls simultaneously becoming narrower and more membranous. A faint thread of membrane on either side of this groove with occasional possible traces of a very weak serial nodulation may represent the nearly obsolete rudiments of a pair of trabeculated swim- ming membranes. After about 15 mm. this sulcus may seem to lose itself in the now somewhat flattened oral face of the arm or it may continue to and even partially include the basal papillae at the terminal part of the organ. Except for five or six minute papillations like the traces of sucker pedicels (which form a continuation of the series of larger rudi- 270 San Diego Society of Natural History ments already described) running parallel to the groove for the little space before it mounts to the summit of the arm, this part of the member is naked. In some specimens a subsidiary weak lateral groove develops on each side of the arm below the walls of the central sulcus and runs parallel thereto past its termination nearly to the tip of the arm, but in other specimens these secondary manifestations are less evident. The extreme distal part of the arm (about 12 mm.) beyond the point where the median sulcus usually ceases to be traceable bears on its oral face a single series of stout papillae in profile like the teeth of a very narrow comb (PI. 33, figs. 4-5). In outline the papillae are actually arcuate- conical, very much the shape of small rose thorns except that they are curved forward instead of back and are not quite so stout at the base. In the specimens where a count has been attempted they are about thirty-five in number, rather closely placed, and nearly of a size save that the first few are a little smaller and they of course diminish with the arm where it finally tapers away. The largest are somewhat over 0.5 mm. long. Excessively minute traces of a few incipient similar papillae are also traceable proximally down the arm for a few millimeters. The aboral face of the arm is flattened like its mate and the outer keel is similarly developed at the base of the arm, though narrowing suddenly Fig. 1. Sucker of 8th pair on right third arm of $ paratype [852c] in oral aspect; camera sketch from mount in balsam. X ca. 40. Fig. 2. Sucker of 8th pair on right third arm of 9 paratype [852e] in oral aspect; camera sketch from mount in balsam. X ca. 40. on the sulcate portion to continue as little more than a mere membranous carina until it becomes obsolete on the distal portion of the arm. The inner keel on the contrary is so reduced from the outset as to constitute little more than a rather acute lateral angle to the arm. Berry — New Genus of Squid 271 The Suckers on the sessile arms are small, biserial, short-pediceled, kettle-shaped, with rounded or rounded-pyriform apertures obtusely angled at the apex, and bear delicate horny rings with a narrow cir- cumoral papillary area or corona better developed above and below the aperture than on the sides. They vary strongly in size on the different arms, being largest on the third arms where they attain their maximum diameter of about 0.75-0.85 mm. at approximately the seventh and eighth sucker-pairs, a horny ring taken from this position on the arm being armed along the superior two-thirds of the circumference with 10-11 short, sharply squared, battlement-shaped teeth, the lateral teeth being much reduced and the lower third of the rim practically smooth (text fig. l). The suckers of the second arms are nearly as large, but they are much smaller on the dorsal pair. The still more minute suckers of the ventral arms (cf. preceding paragraph) have the teeth reduced to about 5 or 6 and so close together that careful scrutiny is sometimes necessary to make them out at all. The Tentacles are short, but little exceeding the third arms in length. Their stalks are sub-triangular in action, being dorso-ventrally compressed with the oral face angled and reduced almost to a carina, the flat dorsal face forming the widest segment of the triangle, the ventral face also flattened and a little narrower, and the aboral face nearly as wide and also flattened, yet a trifle more rounded than the other two. The Club (PI. 33, fig. 2) is but little expanded except for the wide trabeculated swimming membranes on either margin of the sucker-bearing face. This region of the tentacle is also triangular in section but with a reversal of angles so that the oral face is the flattened one, the aboral bearing toward its dorsal side a delicate semi- membranous keel which is inconspicuous proximally, but distally becomes as wide as the corresponding portion of the club itself. Proximally the marginal membranes pass into the fold-like walls of a narrow groove which runs down the stalk a short way from the face of the club. The tentacular suckers are basin-shaped, arranged in four series, with the first eight pairs of proximal suckers in the two median rows conspicuously larger than the corresponding suckers of the marginal series, especially the fourth to sixth pairs and especially again those of the dorso-median series, which are about twice the diameter of the neighboring marginals, the largest attaining a diameter of 1.1 mm. On the approximate distal two-fifths of the club the suckers of all the series become small and nearly equal, gradually diminishing until the extremity of the club is 272 San Diego Society of Natural History reached. About twenty-seven quartets of suckers are to be counted on this portion of the club in the specimen examined. A horny ring of one of the large median suckers (text figs. 3-4 [ $ ] ) has about 24 teeth, squared (evidently because broken off) on the upper margin, smaller Fig. 3. Large median sucker from dorso-median series of right tentacle club of 9 paratype [852e] ; part camera sketch from mount in balsam; lower teeth approximate only. X ca. 40. Fig. 4. Detail of horny ring of large median sucker from right tentacle club of 9 paratype [852e] ; camera outline from mount in balsam. X ca. 40. Fig. 5. 6th large sucker from dorso-median series of left tentacle club of 9 paratype [85 2e] with teeth unbroken; part camera sketch from sucker in situ. X ca. 40. Fig. 6. Marginal sucker from nearly midway of tentacle club of 9 para- type [852e] ; part camera sketch from mount in balsam. X ca. 40. and more acute on the sides, again squared (broken off?) or much reduced below. Smaller suckers of the median series (text fig. 5 \ 2 ] ) have the teeth acute all around, as do the smaller marginal suckers (text fig. 6 [ $ ] ) . The corona is well developed. The Buccal Membrane is well developed, its seven lappets little projecting from their connecting web and bearing near the tips (text fig. 7) one to three minute suckers each, the largest sucker measured having a diameter of 0.18 mm. The Mandibles are very thin and fragile, only the biting tips and the margins of the inner slopes being black. The Radula (text fig. 8) has small, short, wide, strongly tridentate rhachidian teeth, the median cusps of which are very acute and about twice as long as the stouter and more arcuate side cusps. The first laterals are the smallest and shortest of the series, bearing two short, sharp, well-separated cusps, of which the inner is only a little larger Berry — New Genus of Squid 273 than the outer. The second laterals are wide and bear a single large, stout, acute, down-curving cusp on the inner side, the outer side being well produced but unfurnished with secondary cusps. The scimetar- shaped marginals are the largest teeth of the series, comprising a long arcuate, pointed blade springing from a heavy, deep-staining pyriform base. The exceedingly thin and fragile Gladius (text fig. 9) is narrow, the free part of the mid-rib almost one-third the total length, and the maximum width only about 7 mm. in the specimens dissected. The wings are very thin and fragile, widest near the middle of the gladius, thence tapering steadily for paratype [852e] the most part but at the end more rapidly to the bearing three suck- posterior tip, with a narrow thickening proceeding in a straighter line just inside the margin on each side. In front the wings taper very rapidly at first almost to the mid-rib, then very gradually where they extend narrowly along the free portion until they become reduced to a mere angle or wholly obsolete about half way to the anterior extremity. Fig. 7. Tip of lappet of buccal membrane of $ ers; camera outline from mount in bal- sam. X ca. 40. Fig. 8. Teeth from radula of $ paratype [852c] : a — median, b — ad- median or first lateral, c — major or second lateral, d — marginal; camera outline from mount in balsam. X ca. 160. (The teeth selected for illustration are from the same general region of the radula but not from an identic transverse series.) The Color of specimens preserved in alcohol, is a dull Pinkish Buff to Cinnamon-Buff (Ridgway's Nomenclature of Color), the many con- spicuous dorsal chromatophores Haematite Red, the ventral ones becom- ing smaller and paler. On the head the chromatophores are so abundant and confluent, especially just over the eyes, as to make two large patches of Dark Neutral Gray. They are numerous on the outer surfaces of the arms and tentacles and there are a few small ones running down the 274 San Diego Society of Natural History inner side of the dorsal face of the tentacles to a point about half way down the stalk. There is a single series of especially large chromato- phores running down the center of the aboral face of the right ventral arm and the thickened portion of the left ventral arm, with a less con- spicuous series of smaller chromatophores inside of and parallel to this on each arm at the line of junction of the ventro-marginal membrane, and also a faint and imperfect series to be made out on the aboral face of the dorsal membrane. Linear series of chromatophores are likewise to be differentiated on the outer aspect of the dorsal arms and both dorsal and ventral aspects of the third arms, marking the juncture with the keel, on the aboral face of the second arms, and (very minute) on the aboral side of the ventro-marginal swimming membranes of the second and third arms. Description of Female Plate 32, fig 2; Plate 33, figs. 3, 6 The ? (PI. 32, fig. 2) is of conspicuously different proportions than the $ , the mantle of the largest specimen exceeding in length that of the largest $ by about 20%, although the width and depth of the body remain about the same. 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TRANSACTIONS OF THE SAN DIEGO SOCIETY OF NATURAL HISTORY Volume V, No. 20, pp. 287-296, plate 34 FOSSIL DIATOMS DREDGED FROM BERING SEA BY G. Dallas Hanna California Academy of Sciences SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA Printed for the Society December 31, 1929 COMMITTEE ON PUBLICATION U. S. Grant, IV, Chairman Fred Baker Clinton G. Abbott, Editor FOSSIL DIATOMS DREDGED FROM BERING SEA' BY G. Dallas Hanna California Academy of Sciences The vast blanket of sediment, organic and inorganic, which is spread out over the ocean floor and added to from one geological period to another would seem to effectually forbid the obtaining of accurate knowledge of any formations there except the most recent. Still, there have been a few instances when fossils of very considerable age have been dredged by the members of oceanographic expeditions. Fishermen also occasionally bring up fossil bearing rocks in their nets and the remains of extinct elephants have been thus secured from the floor of the North Sea. W. H. Dall" has reported on a collection of Cretaceous and Tertiary fossils obtained from rocks dredged by fishermen on the Grand Banks off Newfoundland; and the occurrence of teeth of sharks and bones of whales, not distinct from Tertiary species, in the great depths of the South Pacific, is well known to students of zoology and paleontology . There is, however, an enormous number of samples of the sea-bed already available which may contain facts of interest to the geologist but have never yet been examined from that point of view. The object of this paper is to call attention to this and to illustrate it by a single hydro- graphic sounding, No. 4029H of the U. S. Bureau of Fisheries' Steamer "Albatross". The collection was made June 17, 1900, in Bering Sea at Lat. 54° 47' 20" N., Long. 179° 8' 00" W., a point lying a little north of the western end of the Aleutian Island group. The depth was 913 fathoms. A careful study of the diatoms contained in this sample was made and is recorded in Diatoms of the Albatross Voyages in the Pacific 1 Read before the Pacific Coast Branch of the Paleontological Society of America, April 13, 1929. 2 Dall, W. H., Tertiary fossils dredged off the northeastern coast of North America. Amer. Journ. Sci., ser. 5, vol. 10, 1925, pp. 215-218. 3 Murray 6C Renard, Report Challenger Exp., Deep Sea Deposits, 1891, say on p. 276, — "It seems undoubted that many of the teeth of sharks and the bones of the Ziphoid whales belong to Tertiary and extinct species." 290 San Diego Society of Natural History Ocean, by Albert Mann4. The species found are distributed through the report according to their position in its systematic arrangement, which is probably the reason why their significance to geologists has been hitherto overlooked. There were 38 species of these microscopically small plants found in this single sounding and a study of the list from a geological stand- point discloses some interesting facts. The entire report covers an area bounded by the west coast of North America, Galapagos Islands, Hawaii, Japan, Kamtschatka and middle Bering Sea. Diatoms were found in 151 of the Albatross stations. The total number of species recorded is 302 and the total number of new species is 43. Therefore the finding of 38 species, including 9 new species, at Station 4029H is very much higher than the average of the remaining ones, and it naturally leads to the belief that some unusual condition existed at this station. A further analysis seems to indicate what this condition was. List of diatoms from Albatross Station No. 4029H 11". Stephanopyxis appendiculata (Ehrenberg) 39. Coscinodiscus pentas (Ehrenberg) 63. Arachnoidiscus ehrenbergii Bailey 67. Stictodiscus gelidus Mann 68. Stictodiscus johnsonianus Greville 69. Stictodiscus kittonianus Greville 74. Actinoptychus planus Mann 78. Actinoptychus undulatus (Bailey) 81. Asteromphalus beaumontii Ehrenberg 82. Asteromphalus brookei Bailey 88. Asteromphalus nanus Mann 92. Asteromphalus variabilis (Greville) 94. Aulacodiscus beringensis (Mann) 96. Aulacodiscus cosmiodiscus (Mann) 98. Aulacodiscus laxus (Mann) 105. Aulacodiscus tripartitus Brun & Tempere 113. Chastoceros coarctatus Lauder 114. Chastoceros didymus Ehrenberg 4 Contrib. U. S. Nat. Herb., Smithsonsian Inst., vol. 10, pt. 5, 1907, pp. i-viii, 227-442, pis. 44-54. ° Serial number of species in Dr. Mann's report. Hanna — Fossil Diatoms from Bering Si a 291 117. Goniothecium odontella Ehrenberg 119. Trigonium arcticum (Brightwell) 122. Trigonium coscinoides (Grove & Sturt) 124. Trigonium plano-concavum (Brun) 125. Trigonium rusticum Mann 130. Trigonium zonulatum (Greville) 132. Ditylum undulatum (Brightwell) 135. Biddulphia aurita (Lyngbye) 143. Biddulphia gladiorum Mann 148. Biddulphia luminosa (Brun & Tempere) 164. Hemiaulus polycystinorum Ehrenberg 165. Ploiaria petasiformis Pantocsek 171. Rutilaria epsilon (Kitton) 181. Entopyla australis Ehrenberg 190. Cocconeis antiqua Tempere 8C Brun 247. Navicula spuma Mann 248. Navicula subacuta Ehrenberg 252. Navicula vidovichii Grunow 260. Pleurosigma sagitta Tempere & Brun 302. Xanthiopyxis oblonga Ehrenberg Summary New species, 9 Originally described from Tertiary fossil deposits, . . 16 Originally described from freshwater (?) fossil deposit, 1 Originally described from living material but also found in fossil deposits as old as upper Miocene, . . . Living species, chiefly pelagic, 5 Total 38 The 16 species originally described from fossil deposits are the most important of all, because they point clearly to the age and relationship of the formation found on the sea bottom at this place. The list with notes is as follows: Stephanopyxis appendiculata (Ehrenberg). Described from lower Miocene of eastern North America; probably living now. Stictodiscus johnsonianus Greville. Described from the famous Tertiary deposit on Barbados Island said to be lower Miocene in age but perhaps older; not known living. 292 San Diego Society of Natural History Stictodiscus kittonianus Greville. Described from Tertiary of Barbados Island, lower Miocene or older, and widely distributed from Japan to Hungary in rocks of about this age; not known living. Asteromphalus variabilis (Greville). Described from lower Miocene or older Tertiary rocks of Barbados Island; not certainly known living but a difficult group to classify. Aulacodiscus tripartitus Brun & Tempere. Described from the fossil deposits of Japan, probably middle Miocene in age; not known living. Goniothecium odontella Ehrenberg. Described from lower Miocene of Virginia and widely distributed in rocks of this age; not known living. Triceratium coscinoides Grove & Sturt. Described from Tertiary shales of Miocene or greater age from New Zealand ; not known living. Triceratium plano-concavum Brun. Described from the fossil deposits of Japan, probably middle Miocene in age; not known living. Triceratium zonulatum Greville. Described from the Tertiary deposit on Barbados Island, Miocene or older; not known living. Triceratium luminosum Brun & Tempere. Described from the fossil deposits of Japan, probably middle Miocene in age; not known living. Hemiaulus polycystinorum Ehrenberg. Originally described from Bar- bados, (Miocene or older) and widely distributed in rocks ranging in age from Miocene to upper Cretaceous; not known living. Ploiaria petasijormis Pantocsek. Described from Tertiary strata of Hungary, probably lower Miocene in age; not known living. Rutilaria epsilon (Kitton). Described from Tertiary shales from Bar- bados, Miocene or older; not known living. Cocconeis antiqua Tempere & Brun. Described from the Tertiary de- posits of Japan, probably middle Miocene in age; not known living. Pleurosigma sagitta Tempere &C Brun. Described from the Tertiary deposits of Japan; not known living. Hanna — Fossil Diatoms from Bering Sea 293 Xantbiopyxis oblonga Ehrenberg. Described from the lower Miocene of eastern North America and widely distributed in rocks of the same age; not known living. Our inquiry therefore leads to the almost inevitable conclusion that the apparatus used at Station 4029H brought up fossil bearing material as old at least as the middle Miocene. The greatest similarity is shown to diatom deposits in Japan at "Sendai" and "Yeddo," made known by the researches of Tempere & Brun; and less so to some in the Province of Simbirsk in Russia, investigated by Otto Witt. This similarity is especially interesting because Station 4029H lies somewhat out of the northeastward trend of the Japanese current. While the nine new species cannot be used directly for correlation purposes they do have a bearing on the present inquiry. In four cases the diatoms were so distinct that Dr. Mann made no comparison with other forms; but with each of the remaining five he comments on their relationship to fossil species previously described from deposits of Miocene age or older. We cannot affirm that the quantity of sediment which has accumu- lated at this locality since the Miocene has been so little that material of that age was within reach of the sounding apparatus; nevertheless it has been stated that the total thickness deposited in the great depths of the south Pacific has amounted to only a few inches since the beginning of the Tertiary. The Bering Sea locality is close to zones of intense faulting and volcanic activity, and the uncovering of the old strata might be attributed to these causes or even to the constant sweeping of settling ooze from the ocean bottom by a current. In the present paper it is impossible to state definitely the age of some of the fossil diatom deposits to which reference is made, because of the absence of detailed stratigraphy; for although the diatom species are well known, exact locality information is often lacking and the age determination has to be made solely by means of such organisms as have been found in these deposits. Thus the Japan deposits here referred to are generally accepted as middle Miocene, but the possibility remains that among the several localities involved in this question there may be rocks of more than one age. But students of diatoms and silicoflagellates do agree that their affinity is with certain other deposits known to be middle Miocene. Gradually there are being assembled, through detailed 294 San Diego Society of Natural History study of deposits of known age, accurate diatom and silicoflagellate time-scales; and when these are completed, the age determination of classical diatom localities will become fixed and their service in Geology will be established. Even now some facts of geological and oceanographic worth are made available by a careful study of the diatoms in this single sample of the sea-floor in Bering Sea, a scant ounce of mud lying a mile below the surface of the ocean. It is a striking illustration of how step by step the knowledge of the earth's history is unfolded as we make use of the material preserved for our investigation. It is quite reasonable to expect that further and more accurate studies of the constituents of the ocean bed at different localities,: — the organisms they contain as well as the character of their inorganic substances, — will throw helpful light on the origin of the sea bottom and in some cases on the trend, rate of move- ment and persistency of the great ocean currents involved in their transportation. A recent paper by Twenhofel on the "Magnitude of sediments beneath the deep sea" is extremely important in this connec- tion and emphasizes the great scarcity of definite information pertaining to the geology of the sea bottom. Bull. Geol. Soc. America, vol 40, no. 2, 1929, pp. 385-402. EXPLANATION OF PLATE 296 San Diego Society of Natural History PLATE 34 Fig. 1. Stictodiscus gelidus Mann Fig. 2. Actinoptychus undulatus (Bailey) Fig. 3. Trigonium arcticum (Brightwell) Fig. 4. Aulacodiscus laxus (Mann) Fig. 5. Arachnoidiscus ehrenbergii Bailey Note. The accompanying illustrations are from specimens from Albatross Station 4029H in Bering Sea. The photographs were furnished by Dr. Albert Mann and they were made from slides which are deposited in the U. S. National Museum. Dr. Mann also examined the manuscript of this little paper and it is a pleasure to publish his concordance with the deductions which have been made. Hanna — Fossn. Diatoms from Bering Ska Plate 34 ^v $#v - Mm f C rtn <■» <-» <■> <■> n - p&gPs "K& Sczy^r.^ '■/; *?*-- INDEX Transactions of the San Diego Society of Natural History, Volume V. Titles of papers and new systematic names are in heavy-faced type A Discussion of the Zonal Status of the Sierra San Pedro Mar- tir, Lower California, Mexico, With Descriptions of a New Kangaroo Rat and a New- Woodpecker from that Re- gion, 1-10 A New Echinoid from the Cali- fornia Eocene, 195-202 A New Fox from the Cape Region of Lower California, Mexico, 203-210 A New Kangaroo Rat and a New Brush Rabbit from Lower California, Mexico, 65-68 A New Louisiana Heron and a New Round-tailed Ground Squirrel from Lower Califor- nia, Mexico, 83-86 A New Miocene Echinoid from California, 257-262 A New Pacific Race of Gull- billed Tern, 283-286 A New Pocket Gopher and a New Antelope Ground Squir- rel from Lower California, Mexico, 241-244 A New Silky Pocket Mouse and a New Pocket Gopher from Lower California, Mexico, 87- 90 Abbott, Clinton G., 13, 20, 25, 33, 34, 35, 37, 89, 152 Acacia greggii, 86 Acanthina paucilirata, 254 Acmaea insessa, 253, 254 limatula, 253, 254 mitra, 253 pelta, 253 scabra, 253 Acruroteuthis, 265 Actinoptychus planus, 290 undulatus, 290, 296 Actitis macularia, 22 Adenostoma sparsifolium, 3, 67 Agasoma, 110, 111,112, 113, 114, 115 acuminatum, 1 1 2 andersoni, 112. 115 barkerianum, 111, 112, 124, 127, 128, 143, 148, 150, 155 barkerianum var. clarki, 112 columbianum, 112 gravidum, 111, 112, 113, 114 gravidum var. multinodosum, 112 oregonense, 112, 115 santacruzana, 112 santacruzanum, 112 sinuata, 111 sinuatum, 111, 112, 113, 114 stanfordensis, 112 yaquinanum, 112 Agelaius phoeniceus sonoriensis, 30 Aguerrevere, S. E., 216, 225 Albite, 48 Alectrion fossatus, 250, 252, 254 perpinguis, 250.251 Aletes squamigerus, 253, 254, 255 Algae, 221,226 Aligena cerritensis, 252 Alloteuthis, 265 Ambrose, A. W., 133 Amiantis callosa, 253 Ammospermophilus leucurus, 241 Ammospermophilus leucurus canfieldae, 243, 244 leucurus leucurus, 243, 244 leucurus peninsulae, 243, 244 Amnicola, 77 Amphispiza bilineata deserticola, 32 298 San Diego Society of Natural History Amphistegina, 49 californica, 56, 64 Anatinacea, 141 Anderson, Frank M., 97, 102, 103, 105,115,224 Anderson, Robert Van V., 100 Andromedes, 71 Anomalina coalingensis, 55 Anomalodesmacea, 141 Anthony, A. W., 89, 90 Antiplanes piercei, 124, 127, 128, 143, 148, 150, 155 Aphriza virgata, 24 Arachnoidiscus ehrenbergii, 290, 296 Area, 125, 126, 128, 129, 132 devincta, 127, 131, 132 galei, 129, 166 granosa, 126 hamelini, 125, 126, 166 impavida, 130, 168 labiata, 128 lakei, 127, 166 multicostata, 127 noae, 125 obispoana, 131, 166 osmunti, 127, 131, 146 perdisparis, 131, 166, 168 procumbens, 132, 166 rivulata, 128,166 sespeensis, 125, 126, 129, 166 Arcacea, 125 Archaeolithothamnion, 221, 226 Architectonica, 109, 110 blanda, 1 10 compressa, 109, 158 granulata, 110 lorenzoensis, 110 Arcidae, 125 Ardea herodias treganzai, 2 1 Arenaria melanocephala, 24 Arnold, Ralph, 93,97, 100, 103, 115, 116, 121, 131, 138, 144, 197, 198 Aspen, 4 Asteromphalus beaumontii, 290 brookei, 290 nanus, 290 variabilis, 290, 292 Asthenodonta, 154 Atsatt, Sarah R., 185 Aulacodiscus beringensis, 290 cosmiodiscus, 290 laxus, 290, 296 tripartitus, 290, 292 Auriparus flaviceps flaviceps, 37 B Bailey, Vernon, 89, 90, 242 Baker, Fred, 74 Balanus, 125, 126 Bancroft, Grifring, 283-286 Bangs, Outram, 84 Barnacle, 254 Barnes, William, 43 Bass, Sea, 16 Bean, John W., 198 Becker, George F., 226 Berry, S. Stillman, 263-282 Bianchi, Giovanni, 72 Biddulphia aurita, 291 gladiorum, 291 luminosa, 291 Biotite, 48 Birds Recorded in Spring at San Felipe, Northeastern Lower California, Mexico, With the Description of a New Wood- pecker from that Locality, 11-40 Bishop, Louis B., 283 Blackbird, Sonora Red- winged, 30 Blanchard, F. N, 185 Bluebird, Western Mexican, 37 Booby, Brewster, 18 Brachiopod, 226 Brant, Black Sea, 20 Branta nigricans, 20 Bruclarkia oregonensis, 111, 113 Brun,J,293 Bryozoan, 221, 226 Index to Volume V 299 Bulla anglonana, 144 cantuaensis, 135, 149 Bunting, Lark, 33 Buteo borealis calurus, 25 Cactus, 14, 15, 27, 36, 67 Cholla, 36 Garumbullo, 40 Giant, 14, 26, 29 Caecum, 251 Calamospiza melanocorys, 33 Calidris alba, 22 Calliostoma canaliculatum, 254 Calypte costae, 28 Calyptraea radians, 135, 144, 149 Cancellaria condoni, 135, 144, 149 Canfield, May, 13, 21, 26, 27, 28, 31,34,243 Cantwell, George G., 83 Canutus canutus rufus, 21 Cardiacea, 142 Cardiidae, 142 Cardita subquadrata, 253 Cardium, 142 arcumbona, 142, 174 biangulatum, 143 costatura, 142 schencki, 143, 174 substriatum, 251 vaquerosensis, 138, 143, 144, 147, 153 Carpenter, W. B., 215, 217, 218, 222 Carpodacus mexicanus frontalis, 3 1 Carter, H. J., 217, 218 Cassel, Chester, 75 Catclaw, 86 Cathartes aura septentrionalis, 25 Catoptrophorus semipalmatus inornatus, 22 Cayeux, Lucien, 217 Cellanthus, 71 craticulatus, 71 Centurus uropygialis cardonensis, 28 Cerithidea californica, 253 Chaetoceros coarctatus, 290 didymus, 290 Charadrius nivosus nivosus, 23 semipalmatus, 23 Checchia-Rispoli, G., 227 Chen hyperboreus hyperboreus, 20 Chickaree, 4 Chilopsis linearis, 86 Chione, 153 gnidia, 253 panzana, 124, 127, 128, 143, 148, 150, 155 succincta, 251, 253, 255 temblorensis, 124, 127, 128, 129, 143, 148, 150, 155 undatella,251,253, 255 Chiton, 252 Chlamys,91,93, 137 Chlorite, 198 Chordeiles acutipennis texensis, 28 Cibicides, 56 sandiegensis, 55, 64 Citellus tereticaudus apricus, 85, 86 tereticaudus chlorus, 85 tereticaudus tereticaudus, 85 tereticaudus vociferans, 85 Clangula hyemalis, 20 Clark, Bruce L., 220, 221 Clark, Hubert Lyman, 197, 199, 257- 262 Clavella gravida, 110, 111 Clay, 250, 255 dementia, 146, 147, 148 (Clementia) dariena dariena, 147 elongata, 147, 176 inequalis, 146, 176 pertenuis, 124, 127, 128, 129, 135, 143, 144, 146, 148, 149, 150, 155 (Egesta) pertenuis, 147 Cocconeis antiqua, 291, 292 Cochran, Doris M., 186 Coelopleurus, 114 Cole, W. Storrs, 224 Columbella carinata, 250, 251, 254 gausapata, 252, 254 300 San Diego Society of Natural History Condor, California, 5 Conglomerate, 221, 261 Conidae, 123 Conrad, T. A., 93, 97, 100, 103, 114, 115. 118, 119, 120, 121, 136, 138, 153 Conus, 123,124 californicus, 250, 251, 253, 254 interruptus, 124 juanensis, 123, 158 marmoreus, 123 owenianus, 124 Cony, 4, 5 Cooper, J. G., 113 Copal, 15, 25, 28 Cope, E. D., 185, 190 Coquina, 251, 252 Cormorant, Farallon Double-crested, 19 Corvus corax sinuatus, 30 Coscinodiscus pentas, 290 Cossmann, M., 113, 114 Cowbird, Dwarf, 30 Coyote, 29 Craig, Tom, 265, 274, 277 Creosote Bush, 86 Crepidula aculeata, 253 adunca, 250, 251,252,253, 254 onyx, 254 princeps, 124, 127, 128, 143, 146, 148, 150, 155 Cristellaria inornata, 5 1 mexicana var. nudicostata, 50 Cross. Rodman K., 266, 280, 282 Crucibulum spinosum, 251 Crustacean, 226 Cryptomya californica, 252, 254 Ctenobranchiata, 109 Cumingia lamellosa, 253, 255 Curlew, Hudsonian, 22, 23 Long-billed, 22 Cushman, J. A., 45-64, 69-82, 220, 224, 226, 227, 228 Cyanocephalus cyanocephalus, 5 Cyanocitta stelleri frontalis, 5 Cycloclipeus, 217, 218 Cyclodonta, 142 Cytherea dumblei, 143, 148, 150, 155 D DalI,W.H.,91, 114,156,289 Dendraster excentricus, 252, 253 Dendroica aestiva brewsteri, 35 nigrescens, 35 occidental is, 35 Dentahna communis, 52 consobrina, 52 Dentalium neohexagonum, 250, 251, 252 Diadora, 254 Diatom, 289, 290, 293, 294 Dice, L. R., 68 Dickerson, Roy E., 104, 115, 220, 221 Dickey, Donald R., 66, 207, 283, 284 Diplodonta sericata, 251, 253, 255 subquadrata, 255 Dipodomys, 5, 7, 65 agilis cabezonae, 8 agilis latimaxillaris, 8 agilis martirensis, 7, 8, 10 merriami arenivagus, 66 merriami parvus, 65, 66 merriami platycephalus, 66 merriami semipallidus, 65, 66 merriami simiolus, 66 platycephalus, 66 Discocyclina in California, 211- 240 Discocyclina, 213, 214, 215, 217, 220,221,226,227,240 advena, 224 apula, 227 californica, 223, 224, 234, 236, 238, 240 citrensis, 224 clarki, 220, 221, 222, 223, 224, 225, 228, 234 crassa, 226 dilabida,218 dispansa, 218, 227 Index to Volume V 301 Discocyclina flintensis, 224 floridana, 224 fortisii, 217,218 javana, 218, 225 marginata, 227 marthae, 227 minima, 227 miranda, 224 nudimargo, 218 perkinsi, 224 pratti, 216, 217, 218, 219, 220, 224, 225, 236 pustulata, 226 sculpturata, 227 seunese, 213 umbilicata, 224 Discorbis cf. jacksonensis, 54 Ditmars, R., 191 Ditylum undulatum, 291 Dixon, Joseph, 86, 207 Donax, 251.252 gouldii, 254, 255 laevigata, 252, 253, 254, 255 Doryteuthis, 265 Dosinia, 145 disca, 145 margaritana, 145, 176 mathewsonii, 124, 127, 128, 135, 138, 143, 144, 146, 147, 148, 149, 150, 153, 155 merriami, 145 merriami occidental is, 145 ponderosa, 251 Douville, Henri, 213, 216, 217, 220, 224 Dove, Western White-winged, 25 Dowitcher, Long-billed, 21 Driver, Herschel L., 71, 78 Dryobates nuttallii, 27 nuttallii longirostrata, 27 villosus, 8 villosus hyloscopus, 9 villosus scrippsae, 9 Duck, Lesser Scaup, 20 Old Squaw, 20 Duges,A., 190 Duncan, P. Martin, 199 Echinoid, 261 Echinus, 197 spatagus, 199 Ehrenberg, C G., 217,218 Elaphrium, 15 Eldridge, George H., 197, 198 Elephant, 289 Elphidium, 71, 72, 76, 77, 78 arcticum, 78 crispum, 73, 80 hannai, 77, 82 hughesi, 75, 80 oregonense, 79, 82 sibiricum, 78, 79 striato-punctatum, 77, 80 Empidonax dimcilis difficilis, 29 Entopyla australis, 291 English, W. A., 101, 104, 113 Epistomina eocenica, 53, 54, 62 helicella, 54 Eponides mexicana, 54, 62 Ereunetes mauri, 2 1 Eusiphonia, 141 Evans, David L., 78 Fairbanks, H. W., 98, 99, 100 Falco mexicanus, 25 peregrinus anatum, 26 Falcon, Prairie, 25 Fasciolaridae, 114 Feldspar, 48, 198 Fennema, R., 218 Fichtel, Leopold von, 72 Ficus, 1 1 3 (Trophosycon) oregonensis, 111 Filibranchiata, 125 Fischer, H., 113 Fissurella volcano, 253, 254 Fleming, Guy L., 49 302 San Diego Society of Natural History Flycatcher, Ash-throated, 14, 28, 29 Northern Ash-throated, 28 Yellow-bellied Western, 29 Foraminifera from the Eocene near San Diego, California, 45-64 Foraminifera, 47, 48, 49, 71, 77, 213, 216, 221, 226, 227, 228 Fossil Diatoms Dredged from Bering Sea, 287-296 Fox, 205, 207 Gray, 207 Lower California Gray, 205 Fruitea, 36, 37 Fusinus, 114 Fusus oregonensis, 111, 115 Gabb, W. M, 4, 97, 100, 103, 113, 114, 138, 146 Gale, Hoyt Rodney, 76, 91-94, 98, 130 Galliher, E. Wayne, 228 Galloway, J. j., 213,216 Garnet, 49 Garumbullo, 15, 27, 40 Gastropods, 226 Gaudryina convexa, 50 convexa var. sandiegensis, 50,60 Gavia pacifica, 16 Gavia stellata, 16 Gelochilidon nilotica addenda, 284, 285 nilotica affinis, 284 nilotica aranea, 284, 285, 286 nilotica gronvoldi, 284, 285, 286 nilotica macrotarsa, 284, 285 nilotica nilotica, 284, 285, 286 nilotica vanrossemi, 284, 285, 286 Geococcyx californianus, 26 Geometridae, 41 Geophonus, 7 1 Geoponus, 72 stella-borealis, 72 Gilmore, A. R., 16 Glauconite, 226 Globigerina, 221 Globulina gibba, 53, 60 Glycimeris sagittata, 198 septentrionalis, 251 Gnatcatcher, Plumbeous Black-tailed. 37 Goldman, E. A., 32, 88, 89, 90, 241 Goniothecium odontella, 291, 292 Goose, Lesser Snow, 20, 26 Gopher, 89, 90 El Rosario Pocket, 89 Punta Prieta Pocket, 241 Grant, U. S., IV, 69-82, 98, 153 Graveli, Donald, 228 Gray, J. E., 92 Grinnell, J., 24, 28, 185 Gualtieri, N., 72 Gull, 17,21 Bonaparte, 17 California, 16, 17 Glaucous-winged, 16 Heermann, 17 Ring-billed, 16, 17 Yellow-footed Western, 17 Gumbel,C.W..217,218 Gymnogyps californianus, 5 Gypsina, 226 Gyroidina soldanii var. octocamerata, 52,62 H Hake,B. F.,98, 141 Hamelin, D. F., 126 Hamlin, Homer, 98, 99, 100 Hanna, G. Dallas, 49, 71, 76, 228, 287-296 Hanna, Marcus A., 45-64 Hannibal, Harold, 226 Hanzawa, S., 213 Hawk, American Duck, 20, 26 Western Red-tailed, 25,26 Heim, Arnold, 220 Index to Volume V 303 Heleodytes brunneicapillus couesi, 36 Helicozoa, 72 Hemiaulus polycystinorum, 291, 292 Henderson, W. C, 66 Heron, Pallid Great Blue, 21 Western Louisiana, 83 Hertlein, L. G., 102, 104, 105, 118, 134 Heteroscelus incanus, 22 Heterostegina, 217, 218 Hinnita gigantea, 92 poulsoni, 92 Hinnites, 91 adamsii, 91 cortezi, 91 crassa, 93 giganteus, 92 Hirundo erythrogaster, 33 Hofker,J., 217, 218 Hornblende, 48 Howe, H. V., 132 Howell, A. Brazier, 13,27,67 Howell, A. L., 136 Huey, Laurence M., 1-10, 11-40, 65- 68, 83-86, 87-90, 203-210, 241- 244 Hughes, Donald D.,7 1,228 Hummingbird, Costa, 28 Rufous, 28 Hurter, Julius, 185 Hydranassa tricolor occidentalis, 83, 84 tricolor ruficollis, 83, 84 Hydroprogne caspia imperator, 18 Hylocichla, 5 Hypsiglena ochrorhynchus, 189 I Icterus parisorum, 31 Idiosepius notoides, 278 Iron oxide, 48 Ironwood, 14, 21, 26, 29, 31, 36, 37, 40 Ischnochiton, 254, 255 Isodonta, 137 Israelsky, Merle C., 197,221 J Jay, Blue-fronted, 5 Pinyon, 5 Jordan, David Starr, 135 Jordan, Eric Knight, 102, 104, 118, 138 K Kellia laperousii, 251 Kellogg, Remington, 107 Kelsey, F. W., 42, 43 Kerr, Paul R, 101, 102, 105 Kew, W. S. W., 78, 101, 103, 104, 105, 106, 197, 198, 220 Killdeer, Northern, 23 Kitchen midden, 249 Klauber, Laurence M., 183-194 Kleinpell, William, 75, 98, 141 Knot, American, 21 Koilopleura, 111, 114 Lacuna unifasciata, 25 1 Lake, Merrill E., 97, 98, 128, 145, 148, 154 Lamarck, J. B. P. A. deM., 72 Lamb, C. G, 16 Lanius ludovicianus excubitorides, 34 Lark, Yuma Horned, 30 Larrea tridentata var. glutinosa, 86 Larus calif ornicus, 17 delawarensis, 17 glaucescens, 16 heermanni, 17 occidentalis livens, 17 Philadelphia, 17 Late Tertiary and Quaternary Elphidiums of the West Coast of North America, 69-82 Lawson, A. G, 221 Lepidocyclina, 217 Leporidae, 67 Leptothyra carpenteri, 253 Lima, 92 gigantea, 92, 138 304 San Diego Society of Natural History Limestone, 48, 221, 226 Limnodromus griseus scolopaceus, 21 Limonite, 48 Limpet, 252 Linne, Carl von, 72, 199 Linnet, California, 3 1 Lister, J. J., 217 Lithophyllum, 221 Littorina scutulata, 253, 254 Loel,W. F., 123 Loliginidae, 265, 266, 277, 278 Loligo, 265, 266, 278 opalescens, 277 Loliolopsis chiroctes, a New Genus and Species of Squid from the Gulf of California, 263-282 Loliolopsis, 266, 278 chiroctes, 267, 278, 280, 282 Loliolus, 265, 266 steenstrupi, 277 Lolliguncula, 265, 266, 278 panamensis, 277 Loon, 16 Pacific, 16 Red-throated, 16 Lophocereus, 15, 27 Lophortyx californica subspecies?, 24 californica achrustera, 24 californica plumbea, 5, 24 gambeli gambeli, 24 Loriol, P. de, 199 Lottia gigantea, 253, 254 Lovenia, 259, 260 cordiformis, 259 Lyceum, 37 M Macoma, 149, 150, 151 andersoni, 150 calcarea, 251, 253 copelandi, 149, 178 indentata var. tenuirostris, 150 nasuta, 130 panzana, 150, 178 secta, 151, 253 secta var. edulis, 151 tenera, 149 Mactra californica, 251 solida, 151 Mactracea, 151 Mactridae, 151 Magnetite, 48 Mann, Albert, 290, 293, 296 Manzanita, 3 Marginulina, 51, 60 ensis, 51 glabra var. elongata, 51 Martin, Bruce, 79, 103, 105 Martin, K., 217 Mathews, Gregory M., 284 Mathews, Wm. C, 228 McKenna, J. S., 139, 140 Megapetalus, 259 lovenioides, 260 Melongena californica, 124, 127, 128, 143, 148, 150, 155 Melopelia asiatica mearnsi, 25 Melospiza lincolnii lincolnii, 33 Mendenhall, W. C, 152 Meretrix hornii, 198 Merganser, American, 19 Red-breasted, 19 Mergus americanus, 19 serrator, 19 Merriam, J. C, 99, 101, 103, 107 Mesquite, 15, 26, 28, 30, 31, 35, 86 Metatenthoidea myopsida, 265 Mica, 49 Miliolidae, 49 Mimus polyglottos leucopterus, 36 Mistletoe, 31,36 Mockingbird, Western, 36 Moll, Joseph Pancr. Carol von, 72 Molothrus ater obscurus, 30 Montfort, P. D. de, 72 Moran,R. B., 119 Morio, 111, 113 Mouse, San Rafael Valley Pocket, 87 Silky Pocket, 88 Mud, 48, 294 MUller, O. F., 199 Index to Volume V 305 Murex topangensis, 135, 144, 149 Murray, George, 289 Muscovite, 48 Mussel, 252 Mya glycimeris, 154 Myacea, 154 Myiarchus cinerascens cinerascens, 28 Mytilus, 77 californianus, 253, 254, 255 hirundo, 133 N Naef, A., 265 Nautilus, 71 ambiguus, 71 craticulatus, 72 crispus, 72 macellus, 71, 72 strigillatus, 71, 72 Navicula spuma, 291 subacuta, 291 vidovichii, 291 Nelson, E. W., 32, 67, 88, 89, 90 Nelson, Richard N, 220, 221, 228 Neptuneidae, 110, 115 Nighthawk, Texas Sharp-winged, 28 Nodosaria budensis, 52 communis, 52, 60 (Dentalina) communis, 52 (Dentalina) consobrina, 52, 60 latejugata, 52, 62 Nodules, Calcareous, 48 Nonion, 57, 78 ct. umbilicatulus, 57, 64 Nonionina, 57, 72 Notes on the Marine Pleistocene Deposits of San Diego County, California, 245-256 Notes on the Vaqueros and Temblor Formations of the California Miocene with De- scriptions of New Species, 95-182 Numenius americanus, 22 Nummulites, 218, 226 NuttalLW.L. F.,213,227 Nyroca affinis, 20 O Oberholser, H. C, 8, 13, 27, 30 Ochotona, 4 Ochsner, W. H., 130 Ocotillo, 14, 25, 26, 28, 31, 33, 36, 37 Odostomia, 251 Oldroyd, Ida S., 98, 149 01ivellabiplicata,252,254 boetica, 250, 252 pedroana, 251, 254 Orbitoclypeus, 225 Orbitoides,218,221 (Discocyclina) Pratti, 216 Pram, 216 Orbitolites Pratti, 216 Oreortyx picta confinis, 5 Oriole, Scott, 3 1 Oroscoptes montanus, 35 Orthophragmina, 213, 221 Pratti, 216 Osgood, W. H., 88 Osprey, American, 26, 40 Ostracea, 135 Ostracods, 48 Ostrea, 125, 126, 135, 136,252 edulis, 135 howelli, 135, 170 lurida,251,252,255 maxima, 137 titan, 136 titan var. corrugata, 136 vespertina, 136 Ostreidae, 135 Otocoris alpestris leucansiptila, 30 Oxyechus vociferus vociferus, 23 Pachycereus, 14 Palm, 31 Palo verde, 14, 25, 28, 36, 37 Pandion haliaetus carolinensis, 26 306 San Diego Society of Natural History Panope, 154 estrellanus, 155 generosa, 130, 138, 146, 147, 154 ramonensis, 155 tenuis, 154, 180 Paphia staminia, 253, 254, 255 Passer domesticus domesticus, 3 1 Passerculus rostratus rostratus, 32 Pecten, 77, 91, 137 aequisulcatus, 255 andersoni, 124, 127, 128, 143, 148, 150, 155 bower si, 146 (Chlamys) erici, 137, 172 (Chlamys) multirugosus, 92 (Chlamys) multirugosus var. crassiplicatus, 93 circularis, 25 1 comatus, 92 crassicardo, 138 crassus, 93 (Hinnites) giganteus, 92, 93, 138 hastatus, 93 latiauritus, 252 multirugosus, 92 perrini, 146 poulsoni, 92 sespeensis, 125, 126, 138 sespeensis var. hydei, 138, 147 squamatus, 93 Pectinacea, 137 Pectinidae, 91, 137 Pelecanus erythrorhynchos, 19 occidentalis californicus, 19 Pelecypods, 226 Pelican, American White, 19 California Brown, 19 Pelorus, 71 Peneroplis, 74 Perognathus bombycinus, 88 longimembris, 87, 88 longimembris aestivus, 87, 89 longimembris arenicola, 88 longimembris bangsi, 88 longimembris brevinasus, 88 longimembris panamintinus, 87,88 Peters, L. J., 24, 283 Petrochelidon albifrons albifrons, 33 Phacoides acutilineatus, 146 californicus, 253 nuttallii,251,253,255 Phaeopus hudsonicus, 23 Phainopepla nitens lepida, 34 Phainopepla, Northern, 34, 36 Phalacrocorax auritus albociliatus, 19 Phoebe, Northern Black, 29 Rocky Mountain Say, 29 Pholadomya, 141 Candida, 141, 142 kernensis, 141,174 nasuta, 142 Pholadomyacidae, 141 Phyllorhynchus decurtatus, 189 Pine, Jeffrey Yellow, 3 Lodgepole, 4 Pinna, 255 Pinus contorta var. Murrayana, 4 ponderosa jeffreyi, 3 Piranga ludoviciana, 33 Pisobia minutilla, 21 Pitaria newcombiana, 251 Plagiostoma ( = Lima) gigantea, 92 Platypoda, 109 Pleurosigma sagitta, 291, 292 Ploiaria petasiformis, 291, 292 Plover, American Black-bellied, 23 Semipalmated, 23 Western Snowy, 23 Polinices recluzianus, 254 Polioptila melanura melanura, 37 Polychaeta, 155 Polystomella, 72 striato-punctata, 75 Populus tremuloides, 4 Prionodesmacea, 125 Priscofusus, 114, 115 corpulentus, 114 geniculus, 114 Prosopis juliflora var. glandulosa, 86 Pseudochama exogyra, 253, 254, 255 Ptenoglossa, 109 Index to Volume V 307 Pteria, 130, 133 hertleini, 133,135, 182 jordani, 133, 134, 168, 170 peruviana, 135 Pteriacea, 133 Pteriidae, 133 Puffinus griseus, 18 Pulvinulina elegans, 54 mexicana, 54 partschiana, 54 Purpura, 1 15 triangularis, 115 triserealis, 115 vaquerosensis, 115 Pyrite, 48 Quail, 24 Desert, 24 Mountain, 5 Valley, 5, 24 Quartz, 48, 198 Quartzite, 197 Quinqueloculina josephina, 57, 64 triangularis, 57, 64 R Rabbit, 29 Inland Brush, 67 Rachioglossa, 110 Randall, Leyon G., 15 Rapana, 115, 116, 117 bezoar, 115 imperialis, 117, 138, 147 serrai, 116, 138, 158 vaquerosensis, 115, 117, 147, 153 Rat, Kangaroo, 5, 29 Mid-peninsular Kangaroo, 65 Sierra Kangaroo, 7 Raven, Western, 30 Redshank. 3 Reed, R. D., 106, 226 Renard, E., 289 Reynolds, Cecil, 185 Road-runner, California, 26 Robulina, 72 inornata, 51 Robulus inornatus, 51, 60 mexicanus var. nudicostatus, 50,60 Rutilaria epsilon, 291, 292 Salpinctes obsoletus obsoletus, 36 Salvia carnosa var. compacta, 7 Salvin, Osbert, 283 Sand, 48, 49, 250, 252, 255 Sanderling, 22 Sandpiper, Least, 21 Spotted, 22 Western, 21 Sandstone, 197, 198, 221, 250, 255, 261 Sapsucker, 5 Saxicavidae, 154 Saxidomus nuttaJlii, 255 Sayornis nigricans semiatra, 29 saya saya, 29 Schenck, Hubert G., 71, 76, 78, 98, 101, 102, 105, 114, 115, 144, 195-202, 211-240, 259, 261 Schizodonta, 133 Schlumberger, G, 227 Schubert, R. J., 216 Schwager, Conrad, 218 Sciurus douglasii, 4 Scripps, Ellen Browning. 9 Sea-urchin, 259 Selasphorus rufus, 28 Sepioteuthis, 265, 278 Septifer bifurcatus, 253, 254 Serpula, 155 careyi, 155, 180 Serra, Junipero, 117 Shale, 48, 49, 76, 261, 292 Shark, 289 Shearwater, Dark-bodied, 18 Shrike, White-rumped Loggerhead, 34 Sialia mexicana occidentalis, 37 308 San Diego Society of Natural History Silicoflagellate, 293, 294 Silver, B., 186 Silvestri, A., 225 Siphonina cf. jacksonensis, 53, 62 Slevin, J. R., 186 Smith, James Perrin, 98, 101, 116, 139, 226 Smoke bush, 14, 36, 37 Snake, Lyre, 185 Solariidae, 109 Solarium perspectivum, 109 Sparks, Dale D., 226, 228 Sparrow, Brewer, 32 Desert Black-throated, 32, 33 English House, 31 Gambel White-crowned, 32 Large-billed Marsh, 32 Northeastern Lincoln, 33 Western Chipping, 32 Spatangidae, 259 Spatangus, 197, 199 californicus, 199, 200 pachecoensis, 199 purpureus, 199 tapinus, 198, 200 Sphyrapicus, 5 Spisula, 151, 152, 153 abbotti, 151, 178 albaria, 146, 152, 153 falcata, 153 granti, 152, 180 planulata, 152 Spizella breweri, 32 passerina arizonae, 32 Spondylidae, 138 Spondylus, 138, 139, 140 crassisquama, 140 gaederopus, 138, 139 inezana, 139, 172 perrini, 138, 140, 174 Sporilus, 71, 72 Squatarola squatarola cynosurae, 23 Squirrel, 86 Ground, 29 Mid-peninsula Antelope Ground, 243 Round-tailed Ground, 86 Squirrel, Trinidad Valley Round-tailed Ground, 85 Stamnodes apollo, 42, 43 cassinoi, 42 kelseyi, 41 modocata, 42 similis, 42 Stefanini, G., 197 Stejneger, L., 186 Stelgidopteryx serripennis, 34 Stephanopyxis appendiculata, 290, 291 Stephens, Frank, 4, 88, 245-256 Stephens, Kate, 249 Sterna, 18 Stewart, Ralph B., 1 13, 220 Stictodiscus gelidus, 290, 296 johnsonianus, 290, 291 kittonianus, 290, 292 Stipp, T. F., 228 Sula brewsteri, 18 Sumichrast, F., 283, 284 Surf-bird,21,22, 24 Swallow, Barn, 33 Northern Cliff, 33 Rough-winged, 34 Sycotyphus, 1 1 1 Sylvilagus, 65 bachmani cinerascens, 67. 68 bachmani howelli, 67,68 bachmani exiguus, 67, 68 Taenioglossa, 117 Tagelus californianus, 251, 253, 255 Tanager, Western, 33 Tattler, Wandering, 22 Taxadonta, 125 Tegula funebralis aperta, 253 Teleodesmacea, 142 Teleodonta, 145 Tellina, 148 bodegensis, 25 1 buttoni, 252 lutea, 149 meropsis, 250, 253 Index to Volume V 309 Tellina nevadensis, 149 oldroydi, 148, 178 virgata, 148 Tellinacea, 148 Tellinidae, 148 Tempere, J., 293 Terebra pedroanum, 252 Tern, Coues Caspian, 18 Elegant, 18 Gull-billed, 283 Royal, 18 Van Rossem Gull-billed, 284 Textularia labiata, 50, 60 Thais, 1 16 vaquerosensis, 115 Thaisidae, 115 Thalasseus elegans, 18 maximus, 18 The Trimorphodon (Lyre Snake) of California, With Notes on the Species of the Adjacent Areas, 183-194 Themeon, 7 1 rigatus, 71, 72 Thomomys, 89 bottae, 241 bottae abbotti, 89, 90, 241, 242 bottae bottae, 90, 242 bottae cactophilus, 241, 242 bottae martirensis, 89, 90 bottae nigricans, 90 bottae russeolus, 242 martirensis, 89, 90 perpallidus, 242 Thrasher, Gila Leconte, 36 Sage, 35 Thrush, 5 Tivela stultorum, 252, 253, 254, 255 Tourmaline, Black, 49 Toxoglossa, 123 Toxostoma lecontei lecontei, 36 Trask,J. B., 113, 114 Triceratum coscinoides, 292 luminosum, 292 plano-concavum, 292 zonulatum, 292 Trigonium arcticum, 291, 296 coscinoides, 291 plano-concavum, 291 rusticum, 291 zonulatum, 291 Triloculina inornata, 58, 64 Trimorphodon, 185, 187, 189, 190, ' 192 biscutatus, 191 lyrophanes, 185, 186, 187, 190, 191, 192 vandenburghi, 185, 186, 187, 190, 191, 192 Trochita costellata, 135 Trophosycon kernianum, 110 Truncatulina, 56 Tryon,G.W., 113 Tubicola, 155 Turbo terebra, 117 Turbonilla, 250 Turnstone, Black, 24 Turritella, 117, 119, 120,121 andersoni, 47, 48 applini, 47, 48 bosei, 110, 117, 118, 119, 120, 122, 160, 162 goniostoma, 255 inezana, 104, 119, 120, 121, 123, 138, 147, 153, 164 inezana var. pertumida, 1 19, 164 inezana var. sespeensis, 121, 125, 126, 164 montereyana, 123, 182 ocoyana, 105, 117, 118, 119, 120, 121, 124, 127, 128, 129, 135, 143. 144, 148, 149, 150, 155, 160 temblorensis, 122, 135, 144 149, 162 usasana, 198 variata, 120, 121, 122. 123, 164 wittichi, 120 Turritellidae, 117 Twenhofel, W. H., 294 310 San Diego Society of Natural History Two New Geometridae from San Diego County, California, 41-44 U Urocyon, 205, 207 cinereoargenteus californicus, 205, 206, 207, 208 cinereoargenteuspeninsularis, 205, 206, 207, 208 cinereoargenteus scotti, 205, 206, 207 Van Denburgh, John, 191 Van Rossem, A. J., 284 Vaughan, T. Wayland, 213, 216, 224 228 Veneracea, 145 Venericardia hornii, 47 Veneridae, 145 Venus papyracea, 146 Verbeek,R.D.M.,218 Verdin, Arizona, 37 Vermivora celata lutescens, 34 Vireo gilvus swainsonii, 34 Vireo, Western Warbling, 34 Vorticialis, 72 Vulture, Northern Turkey, 25 Williams, G. Copeland, 150 Willow, Desert, 86 Wilmarth, Grace, 99 Wilsonia pusilla chryseola, 35 Wilt, James W., 198 Witt, Otto, 293 Woodford, A. O., 101, 104, 106 Woodpecker, Desert Nuttall, 27, 40 Lower California Hairy, 9 San Fernando Gila, 28 Woodring, W. P., 221 Wren, Northern Cactus, 36 Northern Rock, 36 Wright, WilliamS., 41-44 X Xanthiopyxis oblonga, 291, 293 Xantus, John, 283 Xantusia henshawi, 190 Yabe,H.,213 Yucca, 31 Zonotrichia Ieucophrys gambeli, 32 w Walker, Bert C, 189 Warbler, Black-throated Gray, 35 California Yellow, 35 Golden Pileolated, 35 Hermit, 35 Lutescent Orange-crowned, 34 Waring, C A., 220 Wengen,W.a.,213,216 West Coast Species of Hinnites, 91-94 Whale, 254, 289 Wiedey, L. William, 95-182, 228 Willet, Western, 22, 23 1 , Date Due cfe»M Vtfhz