eer ee taal tet AF a 2 OP Ang NAG: MoE OTOH Ee AP a ir gh etl met ety PAP OP A ROny Deter PP AF pees Lpttnieteteh = cones eats TA HARVARD UNIVERSITY HV El eo nh ig TAS Ww ! LIBRARY OF THE MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY AE E98 EREUAM EGE ay OL Waa) Wat. FAShyr eet Ne OM LAY Kh ON am aD, 10) ha 4 ; Penh bp) van iI Sr) OLR UR re i Nite 4 ae my AX fi th Soke § 94°) 9 Aa he “a 7 on Ra TRANSACTIONS OF THE SAN DIEGO SOCIETY OF NATURAL HIS@TCRY 2 VOLUME VII ff PRINTED FROM THE W. W. WHITNEY PUBLICATION ENDOWMENT SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA PRINTED FOR THE SOCIETY 1931-1934 COMMITTEE ON PUBLICATION U.S. Grant, IV, Chairman FRED BAKER CLINTON G. Assott, Editor le 12: CONTENTS OF VOLUME VII A New Species of Xantusia from Arizona, with a synopsis of the Genus. By Laurence M. Klauber. Published October 6, S391 rns een eee he ae PR ee sre tated Soest ane See 1-16 Two New Ground Squirrels from Lower California, Mexico. By Laurence M. Huey. Published October 6, 1931_..........-.--..-.---- 17-20 Notes on the Races of Saltator grandis (Lichtenstein). By A. J. van Rossen: Published October 6, 1931. =e 21-24 The Cool-water Timms Point Pleistocene Horizon at San Pedro, California. By Alex Clark. Published December 19, 1931........ 25-42 A New Species and a New Subspecies of Pocket Gopher. By Laurence M. Huey. Published December 19, 1931................-..- 43.46 A New Meadow Mouse from Lower California, Mexico. By Laurence M. Huey. Published December 19, 1931..............-..- 47-50 A New White-footed Mouse from Lower California, Mexico. By E. W. Nelson and E. A. Goldman. Published April ic Cres oc eee ne, SeUiNes, tk ty aaa 51-52 The Eocene Sierra Blanca Limestone at the Type Locality in Santa Barbara County, California. By Marvin Francis Keenan. Bisbblashted As pri ty) 195 2 53-84 A New Cardita from the Aleutian Islands and a New Epitonium from Southern California. By George Willett. Published April yma 5 eee es, een a eee 85-99 Fossil Corals of the Genus Turbinolia from the Eocene of Cali- fornia. By E. H. Quayle. Published April 15, 1932.................. 91-110 A Rare Deep-sea Scombroid Fish, Xenogramma carinatum Waite, on the Coast of Southern California. By George S. Myers. Putas asin cham Ett 2G, 13 Pac eee eae es 111-118 The Avifauna of Tiburon Island, Sonora, Mexico, with Descrip- tions of Four New Races. By A. J. van Rossem. Published ‘ine 2 1G G ee Se OO eee eee 119-150 El Salvador Races of Dactylortyx thoracicus. By A. J. van Rossem. Bublistedh |uly 25,0932 0s. Se eee ee 151-152 An Undescribed Gopher, Genus Thomomys, from Southeastern California. By William Henry Burt. Published July 28, 1932....153-156 A New Species of Pocket Gopher from Southern Arizona. By Laurence M. Huey. Published July 28, 1932..............-...-.------ 157-160 Desciptions of Heretofore Unknown Mammals from Islands in the Gulf of California, Mexico. By William Henry Burt. Published [@yeve| src geo) te US SOs Bs Acta aA TAN Re ee ee 161-182 A Southern Race of the Spotted Screech Owl. By A. J. van Bosseme Published @croper.s binlos2 ee eee ee ON ee 183-186 Notes on the Desert Tortoise (Testudo agassizii). By Loye Miller. Prbhstieet @ictobet 3 1, V93 2 ee apace sae ene ee 187-208 apap 23. 24. 22) 26. 27. 28. 29. wv 30. 31. Eyes 3306 a4. 33: 36. 37. 38. 39. San D1gEGo Society oF NATURAL HIstory A Pleistocene Record of the Flammeolated Screech Owl. By Loye Miller. Published March 31, 1933.............. Se eee eee ts: ter Oe 209-210 Granitic Domes of the Mohave Desert, California. By William Morris Davis; Pablished March 3151935 211-258 Notes on the Foraminifera of the Type Merced at Seven Mile Beach, San Mateo County, California. By Roscoe E. & Katherine C. Stewart. ublishede Marchy3 «(955 esmeees=ase oe ene eee 259-272 A New Species of Echinoid from Tamaulipas, Mexico. By Merle Gre Tstaelisley::sx5 sole ets By | See coe reer SO ce 1 RN ee 273-276 A New Gryphaeoid Oyster from the Eocene of California. By Leo George Hertlein. “Published March 31, 1933-2052 ee. 277-282 A Northern Race of Melozone rubricatum (Cabanis). By A. J. van Rossems oLublished: March ile (193321 ee eee. 283-284 A New Solitary Vireo from Central America. By A. J. van Rossem. Publishedi@ctcher!6, 11955890! Rie eee, tere ie ee 285-286 The Canada Jays of Northern Idaho. By Alden H. Miller. Pub- lished @ctobesmo., (S35 ies. 2. ee ee wa eee 287-298 Transposed Hinge Structures in Lamellibranchs. By W. P. Popenoe and W. A. Findlay. Published October 6, 1933........-2..-..----21-1----- 299-318 Notes on Parapinnixa affinis Holmes and its Allies. By Steve A. Glassell Published October 6; 1933-42 Ss. 2 ee 319-330 Descriptions of Five New Species of Brachyura Collected on the West Coast of Mexico. By Steve A. Glassell. Published October 5 epee ee ara ge es gee ea, ieee ee A em BSE 331-344 The Types of Three Birds Described from California. By A. J. van Rossem. Published November 22, 1933.............--..----c---s-cee-eeeee-~ 345-346 Notes on Some Types of North American Birds. By A. J. van Rossem Published lays 3) LOS Aa esto. cence tae eee re 347-362 Two Races of the Black Chachalaca from Central America. By A. J. vanskossemPublisnedaviay > ly 19340 ss ee 363-366 A New Race of Piranga bidentata from Central America. By A. J. van Rossem. PublisheddMiay 3151934. #2202 oe vee ae ee 367-368 A Northwestern Race of the Varied Bunting. By A. J. van Rossem. PublisheddWiay. 31-9103 seit meee ee a ee eee 369-370 A Subspecies of the Brown Towhee from South-central Texas. By Ac J. van RossemPablished May 31,1934. 4.02.2 eee Sy AEB) A New Form of Pocket Gopher from Southern Mono County, Cali- fornia. By Laurence M. Huey. Published May 31, 1934..............- 373-374 The Mammals of Southern Nevada. By William Henry Burt. Pub- His Ete cl eT eager cee ae eee 375-428 West American Species of the Genus Liotia. By A. M. Strong. Published: Wiay 3 Vos 429-452 Some Corrections Needed in Recent Carcinological Literature. By Steve A. Glassell. Published May 31, 1934... 453-454 A Review of the Races of Geococcyx velox. By Robert T. Moore. Published May 31, 1934... 2 2-ecc 2-2 tot sstec obese nese ceerennFereceereeneee= 455-470 Ab 41% TRANSACTIONS OF THE SAN DIEGO SOCIETY OF NATURAL HISTORY Vot. VII, No. 1, pp. 1-16, plate 1, map A NEW SPECIES OF XANTUSIA FROM ARIZONA, WITH A SYNOPSIS OF THE GENUS BY LAURENCE M. KLAUBER Curator of Reptiles and Amphibians, San Diego Society of Natural History SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA PRINTED FOR THE SOCIETY OcTOoBER 6, 1931 ya t O- Sey, | st Awe | oY = xe g Va r _ ee ee z ‘ orn | ° Selo) A 1 c x 4 n 2° . | re) / et ay : O om 8 ~ les d0 8 Ro oo ~~ nee ee ° NV j e) | uJ 0° 4 sop v ae 4 x | a D ‘ Ae Wick % deoek e | i es. 2 %. = nf ator Be | ty | ~ os > . NT. | ; opt ME Sta ue ° ICS Es ii | — e6 = é --——-- —_-- ic a 0 fey) yw . <6 “ ce a S ‘ =) be oc6 S tL Cy O | 2 (N) ie a) jh ee F Sie 99) | 9 Pe Sade 8S < im . e LOCALITY RECORDS a ee s) GENUS XANTUSIA ~ a X. vigilis 9) Oo X. riversiana 4 oO X. henshawi e co) 2 A X. gilbert 4 oes 44 X. arizonae ZX . aN a NOTE: MANY INTERVENING LOCALITIES OF NY X.henshawi ARE OMITTED IN THE CONGESTED 4 vy AREA OF SAN DIEGO COUNTY. Q ty \ a r] (0) ish Si) 100 200 == E = t ae] SCALE OF MILES 83750-LMK A NEW SPECIES OF XANTUSIA FROM ARIZONA, WITH A SYNOPSIS OF THE GENUS BY LAURENCE M. KLAUBER Curator of Reptiles and Amphibians, San Diego Society of Natural History On August 21st, 1931, my son Philip and I were driving toward Phoenix, Arizona, from Prescott on the return trip from the Hopi Snake Dance at Mishongnovi. On the up-grade south of Yarnell, we were both struck with the similarity of the granite-boulder and chaparral covered hillside to our own San Diego County foothills. Noting several likely looking flakes on the rocks, we decided to look for night lizards of the genus Xantusia, using the technique and prying bars especially developed in the pursuit of X. henshawi in Southern California. We had hardly reached the third or fourth flake when our anticipations were rewarded, for there was a Xantusia, quite evidently different from any with which we were familiar. Here was a thrill such as the collector always anticipates, but (in this settled country, at least) all too seldom achieves. The novelty of this form, the first Xantusia to be reported from Arizona, has now been verified by detailed comparisons with the four known species of the genus, and I therefore describe it as Xantusia arizonae, sp. nov. ARIZONA NiGut LIzArpD Plate 1, figs. 1, 2. Type—No. 5433, adult female, in the collection of LMK. Collected one mile south of Yarnell, Yavapai County, Arizona, elevation 4940 ft., Aug. 21, 1931, by P. M. and L. M. Klauber. Paratypes, 5, Nos. 5434-8, collected at the same time and place. Also 5451-2 born (dead) of the type in captivity, and 5450 and 5453, unborn embryos removed from 5436 and 5434 respectively. Total specimens, including embryos, 10. Diagnosis —A species of Xantusia resembling vigilis in lepidosis and, partly, in color and pattern, but differing from that species in bodily form, in which characteristic it tends toward henshawi, having relatively longer limbs and more depressed head and body than vigilis. Description of the Type—The limbs are moderately short, with head and body depressed. The tail is subconical. The upper surface of the head is flat, + SAN D1EGo SOcIETY OF NATURAL HIstTory somewhat concave between the eyes, and curving downward to the snout. There are three gular and a pair of dorsolateral folds.- The ear opening is large and prominent. The eye is large and with a vertical pupil. There are no eyelids. The nostril is at the lower edge of the suture between the internasal and postnasal. The rostral is broad, low and rounded, and is followed by median dorsal ‘head scales in the following order: A pair of small internasals, a large hexagonal frontonasal, a pair of prefrontals, a large hexagonal frontal, a pair of frontoparie- tals, a large hexagonal interparietal (narrower anteriorly), a pair of subquadrate occipitals and, finally, two small triangular interoccipitals. All five of the paired groups are in contact on the median line. A pair of parietals completes the series of principal head plates. On the sides each frontonasal contacts a postnasal and preloreal; the prefrontals touch the loreals and first superciliary, while the frontal is bordered by the second superciliary on each side. The frontoparietals out- wardly contact the four posterior superciliaries. A row of somewhat enlarged supratemporals engages the outer edges of the parietals and occipitals. The inter- parietal and the two occipitals are approximately equal in area; the frontal, frontoparietals and parietals comprise a second group of subequal areas. On the sides of the head, following the postnasals, there is a pair of loreals (the anterior smaller), and then two small preoculars. Behind the eye the post- oculars are not enlarged. The ear opening is weakly denticulated anteriorly. There are eight enlarged supralabials on the right and seven on the left. The first four are larger and subequal; the fourth to sixth engage the orbit. Below, there are six infralabials on each side. The mental is triangular, with an extra infralabial split off on the left. There are three enlarged sublabials (postmentals) on each side, the first pair in contact, the second separated by a single small scale, and the third by five scale rows. The scales between the sub- labials decrease in size posteriorly until a minimum is reached at the first gular fold, which joins the ear openings. The other two folds are at the neck; there are five enlarged central scales on the posterior fold. The back, sides and upper limb surfaces are covered with small circular scales arranged in rather even rows, there being an average of 46 such scales per row transversely at mid-body. The undersurface is covered with enlarged square scales, except that the outer rows are semicircular. There are 33 such rows longitudinally (including the enlarged preanals) and twelve counting transversely. The anterior surfaces of the limbs likewise have enlarged scales. The tail is subconical and is sheathed with rings of quadrate scales, there being approximately 68 such rings. The tail may be original and complete but this is not certain. Femoral pores seem absent in the type; they number 9 to 12 in three paratypes. The measurements of the type are as follows (all figures indicate milli- meters): Length over all 119; length of body (rostral to anus) 54; length of tail 65. Shielded part of head 11; rostral to first gular fold 11, to second gular fold 15, to third gular fold 18; width of head 8.4, depth of head 4.7. Rostral to KLAUBER—NEWw XANTUSIA 5 anterior edge of ear 10.5. Diameter of eye 1.9. Length of fore limb 16.5, of hind limb 24; from base to fifth to tip of fourth toe 9. Forelimb spread 40, hind limb spread 56.! The head above is drab with a conspicuous dark diamond centering on the interparietal. The outer edges of the central head plates are definitely lighter. There are a few irregular dark spots on the nose. There is a conspicuous dark streak on each side of the head, from the nasal aperture across the orbit, and engaging the second row of blotches on either side of the mid-dorsal row. Below these lines, on the sides of the head, are other black dots, some of which engage the lower labials and chin shields. The ground color of the body in life is citrine-drab (Ridgway, 1912, pl. 40) irregularly mottled with sub-elliptical black spots which are somewhat larger and denser on the sides than on the back. These spots average about 2.0 by 0.8 mm. To a slight extent the dorsal blotches have a regularity suggesting longitudinal rows, of which there are seven between dorsolateral folds. The tail and legs are similarly spotted; the ground color of the tail is some- what lighter and the spots less numerous toward the tip. The ventral surface is immaculate, except on the edges, and somewhat transparent. Upon preservation in alcohol the colors become lighter, but not conspicu- ously so. The iris is golden, the pupil black and vertical. Variations in Paratypes—The following conclusions are drawn from the type and five adult paratypes, the juveniles being too imperfect to permit accurate scale counts. The longitudinal scale rows number twelve in all cases. The transverse rows vary from 32 to 34 (including the preanals), averaging 32.8. The average of the rows of small scales across the back at mid-body varies from 45 to 47, the grand average being 46.3. The tail rows vary from 68 to 88, but it is difficult to tell whether the tails are complete and original. The supralabials vary from seven to nine, being usually eight; the infralabials are normally seven, less often six. The superciliaries vary from four to eight. The scales between the sublabials are 1+4 or 115. The preoculars are two or three. There are no important ab- normalities in the plates on the top of the head in any of the adult paratypes. The small interoccipitals are entire in one specimen. The enlarged scales on the postgular fold vary from four to eight. The femoral pores (evident in the males only?) vary from nine to twelve, averaging 10.7. The number of rings on the fourth toe averages 25. The adults are quite uniform in size, form and markings. Regenerated tails are somewhat lighter. The most perfect juvenile (born dead) measures 62 mm. over all, with a body length of 27 mm. The spotting of the adults is less evident in this juvenile. 1 These two measurements taken while the specimen was pliable. 6 SAN D1gEGo Society OF NATURAL History Habits and Habitat—The country where these lizards were found is a rocky hillside with large granite boulders interspersed with heavy chaparral (Plate 1, figure 3). Some cactus is also present. In many characteristics the terrain closely resembles the San Diegan Upper Sonoran at about 3500 ft. altitude. The granite boulders flake as they do in San Diego County. How- ever, the specimens of Xantusia were found under slabs, rather than thin flakes, and on the shady sides of the boulders. Reasoning from the analogous habits of Xantusia henshawi (see Copeia No. 152, p. 115) it is probable that in the spring and autumn, when the sun’s warmth would be more appreciated than in the oppressive summer, the lizards should be found under the thin outer flakes, rather than in the deeper cracks, and would thus be much easier to discover. Obviously not much may be said concerning habits on such short acquaintance. The method of capture is the same as with henshawi; the slabs and flakes are pried off the parent boulder and the lizards are caught with the fingers while still light-struck. At the time of collection the tem- perature was about 85 degrees F., in consequence of which the rocks were quite warm, and, as above suggested, most of the lizards had no doubt taken refuge in the deeper crevices. Altogether we hunted for about three hours, securing six adult specimens and losing one. Arizonae is somewhat easier to catch than henshawi, for it does not move so quickly when uncovered. As is the case with the latter, it clings to the parent boulder and not to the slab pried off. It bites if not caught by the head. It curls around the finger as does henshawi and, in addition, twists laterally, a motion which the California form does not have. When uncovered, arizonae does not change color conspicuously as does henshawi, but seems to become slightly lighter in ground color. The reptilian associates of the new lizard, which we collected in the same locality, are Masticophis taeniatus taeniatus (the only snake taken here), Crotaphytus collaris, Uta ornata symmetrica, Sceloporus conso- brinus, Cnemidorphorus sexlineatus perplexus, and Holbrookia texana. The Uta and Sceloporus were quite common among the rocks and were found under slabs and flakes while in search of Xantusia; they were in fact more frequently discovered than the night lizards. Three of the Xantusia were successfully transported alive across the desert to San Diego, by keeping them in a jar wrapped in cloths continually moistened. From the specimens taken it is evident that this species is ovovivi- KLAUBER—NEw XANTUSIA 7 parous, giving birth to one or two young alive about September Ist. The food, as shown by two stomachs examined, included the follow- ing: Weevils (Curculionidae) , beetles (Coccinelidae) , ants( Formicidae) and bugs (Hemiptera). (Identifications by W. S. Wright). Discussion —Xantusia arizonae is the first of the genus to be recorded from east of the Colorado River. Hitherto the known range has been restricted to the Californias, including some of the coastal islands, and the southern tip of Nevada, where vigilis was collected by the Death Valley Expedition. The new species is undoubtedly more closely related to vigilis than to the other species. This is to be expected from geographical considera- tions and is indicated by similarity of scutellation and a certain resembl- ance in the markings. Some specimens of vigilis are decidedly reminiscent of the bolder pattern of arizonae, and there is a likeness in the head marks. But the difference in habitat has definitely differentiated the yucca-branch, desert inhabiting vigilis, (although this habitat is not universal with the species) from the rock inhabiting, Upper Sonoran arizonae, so that the latter has come to resemble henshawi, of similar life habit, although without so extreme a morphological modification. Thus we find arizonae with flatter head and body than vigilis, of larger size and with proportionately longer limbs and toes. A few of the differences between arizonae and vigilis which may be presented statistically are as follows: Arizonae Vigilis Scale rows across dorsum?................-.20-2+00-0----- 45—47 35—39 Ratio of head width to depth...................-....-.-- 1.48-1.78 132-139 Ratio of length of plated head section to lengthyot fourth toe kak te note, its ee. 26-132 1.57-1.79 Ventral scale row reached by adpressed fore [Crls) ATs eee eS eens ene geen eee 16—20 13—14 Ventral scale row reached by adpressed hind eee aie Ue WO eNOS” Tyg do (27 Mamell zeta tourth toe 48.9 .c si hoc esse. 25=—26 18—20 Further differences of like character might be listed, but these will suffice to indicate the definite separation of the two species in bodily form. 2 These figures represent an average of several counts on each specimen taken approxi- mately at mid-body. Some of these rows begin at the tips of the ventrals, others at the interstices, so that a variation of 3 to 5 is to be expected in the several counts on each specimen. The extremes of all mid-dorsal counts in arizonae were 43 to 50, and in vigilis (16 specimens) 33 to 40. 8 SAN DieGo SociETY OF NATURAL HIstory A SYNOPSIS OF THE GENUS XANTUSIA Xantusia Baird, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1858, p. 255. Zablepsis Cope, Am. Nat., 1895, Vol. 29, p. 758. Amoebopsis Cope, Am. Nat., 1895, Vol. 29, p. 758. 1. Xantusia vigilis Baird, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1858, p. 255. (Type locality, Fort Tejon, Kern Co., Calif. Type specimen, USNM 3063). Common Name: Desert Night Lizard. CoMPLETE DESCRIPTION AND PHOTOGRAPH: Van Denburgh, 1922, Reptiles of Western North America (Occ. Papers. Cal. Acad. Sci., 10), pi 4/7. Hasits: Van Denburgh, 1895, Proc. Cal. Acad. Sci., Ser. 2, Vol. 9, pp. 926-529; Bogert, 1930, Bull. Sou. Cal. Acad. Sci., Vol. 29, Part 1, p. 8. Sherwin F. Wood writes me as follows: “Feb. 22, 1931, on a clear, bright sunny day, with a cold, strong wind, ten X. vigilis were collected in one hour at noon on the Mohave Desert two miles west of Palmdale, Los Angeles County. All were found under dead bushes, in the moist debris under roots or under the bark, sometimes even in holes made by termites. They were easy to capture because of the coolness prevalent in - their surroundings. Only one was found in the dead trunk of a Joshua Tree; the rest were obtained from dead ‘clump bush’ a common shrub of the desert.” Other collectors have told me of finding this species amongst dead leaves and debris, and even in excavations. However, the most prolific source of specimens remains that originally discovered by Van Denburgh, that is, under and in the fallen, dead branches of the Joshua Tree (Yucca brevifolia). But this lizard must not be considered dependent on the tree-yucca; it is found in areas where this plant does not exist. RANGE: The deserts and desert mountains of the Californias and southern Nevada from the Inyo Mountains, Inyo County, California to San Felipe Bay and San Matias Pass, Lower California, Mexico. LOCALITIES OF COLLECTION: Inyo County East Slope, inyo Mts. 8 mi. N. W. of Little Lake KLAUBER—NEw XANTUSIA Kern County Fort Tejon (Type Locality) Mojave Kelso Creek Valley (43 and 7 mi. S. E. of Weldon) Freeman Canyon (Walker Pass) (4900 ft., max. recorded altitude for this species) Los Angeles County Antelope Valley Pine Creek Neenach Pallett San Bernardino County Hesperia Victorville Barstow Providence Mts. (near Bonanza King Mine) Lane’s Mill (Lane’s Well) Riverside County Cabazon San Diego County San Felipe Valley La Puerta (Mason Valley) Yaqui Well Jacumba Clark County, Nevada Pahrump Valley Lower California San Matias Pass San Felipe Bay Fairmont Peck’s Butte Palmdale Lovejoy Buttes Kramer Hills Gofts Purdy 30'mi. S. E. of Daggett Morongo Canyon Lone Pine Canyon 2. Xantusia riversiana Cope, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1883, p. 295 (Type locality, California; later stated to be San Nicolas Island? Type specimen, MVZ 8278). Common Name: Island Night Lizard. CompLetTE DESCRIPTION AND PHoToGRAPH: Van Denburgh, 1922, Reptiles of Western North America, p. 486. Haesits: Ibid. RANGE: Islands off the coast of California. 3 The name is first mentioned, without description, in Am. Nat., 1879, Vol. 13, p. 801. 4 Rivers, Am. Nat., 1889, Vol. 23, p. 1100. 10 SAN Disco Society oF NATURAL HIstTory LOCALITIES OF COLLECTION :” San Nicolas Island (Type Locality) San Clemente Island Santa Barbara Island 3. Xantusia henshawi Stejneger, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., 1893, Vol. 16, p. 467. (Type locality, Witch Creek, San Diego Co., Calif. Type specimen, USNM 20,339). Zablepsis henshavii Cope, Am. Nat., 1895, Vol. 29, p. 758. Xantusia picta Cope, Am. Nat., 1895, Vol. 29, pp. 859, 939. (Type locality, Tejon Pass?) ° Common Name: Spotted Night Lizard. CompLerte DESCRIPTION AND PHOTOGRAPH: Van Denburgh, 1922, Reptiles of Western North America, p. 484. Hasirs: Atsatt, Copeia, 1925, No. 146, pp. 71-72; Klauber, Copeia, 1926, No. 152, pp. 115-117. RANGE: Rocky areas on both slopes of the mountains from southern Riverside County, California, to the San Pedro Martir Mountains of Lower California. LOCALITIES OF COLLECTION: Riverside County Aguanga Imperial County Boulder Park Mountain Spring Myers’ Creek Bridge San Diego County Witch Creek El Monte Wynola (Type Locality) Lakeside Sutherland Valley Center Flinn Spring Ballena Sylvano Grossmont Pamo Crescent Valley Hillsdale Goose Valley San Pasqual Dehesa Ramona Poway Helix Mt. Woodson Mussey Jamacha Wildwood Foster Oak Grove Shady Dell 5 There is also a doubtful record from Santa Catalina Island. 6 For a discussion of this type locality see Van Denburgh, Copeia, 1916, No. 27, p. 14. KLAUBER—NEw XANTUSIA San Diego County—Continued 11 Viejas Dulzura Borego Palm Descanso Cottonwood Canyon Guatay Tecate Grapevine Spring Pine Valley Buckmans La Puerta Noble Mine La Posta (Mason Valley) Glen Lonely Clover Flat Newtown Alpine Campo Hipass Harbison Canyon Laguna Junction Boulevard Suncrest (4050 ft., max. Jacumba Jamul recorded altitude Lyons Valley for this species in Deerhorn Flat San Diego Co.) Lower California Arroyo Encantada, San Pedro Martir Mts. (7300 ft., max. recorded altitude for this species) San José (Lat. 31 deg.) 4. Xantusia gilberti Van Denburgh, Proc. Cal. Acad. Sci., 1895, Ser. 2, Vol. 5, p. 121. (Type locality, San Francisquito, Sierra Laguna, Lower California. Type specimen, CAS 401). Amoebopsis gilbertii Cope, Am. Nat., 1895, Vol. 29, p. 758. Common Name: San Lucan Night Lizard. Comp.ete DescriPTION: Van Denburgh, 1922, Reptiles of West- ern North America, p. 482. RANGE: The Cape region of Lower California. LOCALITIES OF COLLECTION: San Francisquito, Sierra Laguna, Lower California La Laguna, Sierra Laguna, Lower California Vatipity: While I still recognize this form in the key which follows, it must be admitted that the distinguishing characters are tenuous. Van Denburgh originally differentiated gilberti from vigilis based on a divided frontal and the separation of the prefrontals by the frontonasal. Schmidt (Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., Vol. 46, p. 672) has shown that, of the two known specimens of this species, only the type has a divided frontal, and that this character occasionally appears in California specimens, which is borne out by two such individuals in my collection. The other character likewise does not hold in the second specimen of gilberti. Schmidt, however, finds in the second specimen a smaller and flatter head, a more 12 SAN Disco Society oF NATURAL HIstTory pointed nose, and smaller eye than in vigilis; also a narrower separation of the second pair of postmentals (sublabials). I find all of these characters variable in my series of vigilis, especially the last. Color and spotting are likewise highly variable in vigilis, for some from the Mohave desert are nearly unicolor, while others are conspicuously maculate. So, for the present, this must be considered a somewhat doubtful species, the verification of which will await the advent of more specimens from the Cape region of Lower California. No doubt specimens of the vigilis- gilberti group will eventually be forthcoming from between San Felipe Bay (the present known southern range limit of vigilis) and the Cape, for the intervening territory is of a character suited to the genus. With addi- tional material at hand gilberti, if valid, may prove a subspecies of vigilis. 5. Xantusia arizonae (cf. this paper). Common Name: Arizona Night Lizard. Description, Hasirs, LOCALITY OF COLLECTION: See above. KEY: TO SPECIES OF THE GENUS XANTUSIA (Adapted from Van Denburgh and Schmidt, and extended to include the new species). 1. Two series of small plates (superciliaries and supraoculars) over the eye; ventrals in 16 longitudinal rows (i.e. counted Granisversely,)) 5. iio ohana chew beats eee Sie riversiana One series of small plates (superciliaries) over the eye; ventrals in 14 or fewer longitudinal rOwS........cgeccecceeenennnnnnnneineneee 2 2. Ventral plates in 14 longitudinal rows... eee henshawi Ventral plates in 12 longitudinal rows: 225 3 3. Dorsal scales across midbody’ number 42 or mot e........0:0- arizonae Dorsal scales across midbody number less than 42....0.0...0.:cccccneennee 4 AN Wiyetmecen:! 012). 9... a ee vigilis Eye erro ller (Lo SL aes ee ee te ee gilberti 7 See feotnote, p. 7. EXPLANATION OF PLATE 14 SAN Deco Society oF NATURAL History PLATE I Fig.1. Dorsal view of Xantusia arizonae, Arizona Night Lizard. Fig. 2. Side view of Xantusia arizonae, Arizona Night Lizard. Fig. 3. Type locality of Xantusia arizonae, Arizona Night Lizard. KLAUBER—NEwW XANTUSIA PLATE 1 Fig. 1 Fig. 2 28995 TRANSACTIONS OF THE SAN DIEGO SOCIETY OF NATURAL HISTORY VoL. VII, No. 2, pp. 17-20 OcroseR 6, 1931 TWO NEW GROUND SQUIRRELS FROM LOWER CALIFORNIA, MEXICO BY LaurENCE M. Huey Curator of Birds and Mammals, San Diego Society of Natural History The study of specimens of the larger ground squirrels, Citellus, collected in central and northern Lower California by members of the San Diego Society of Natural History’s museum staff during the past several years reveals the presence of two heretofore unrecognized races. The writer wishes to acknowledge the loan of comparative material from the California Academy of Sciences through Mr. H. S. Swarth, and from the University of California Museum of Vertebrate Zoology through Dr. Joseph Grinnell. He also wishes to express his thanks to Mr. Arthur H. Howell of the United States Bureau of Biological Survey, who is at present revising this group of mammals, and who generously stated that he had no objection to the naming of new forms from Lower California, while the revision is in preparation. Citellus beecheyi rupinarum subsp. nov. CATAVINA GROUND SQUIRREL Type.—From Catavifia, Lower California, Mexico, lat. 29° 54’ north, long. 114° 57’ west; no. 8251, collection of the San Diego Society of Natural History; female subadult; collected by Laurence M. Huey, October 9, 1930. Characters —Compared with Citellus beecheyi nudipes! from the mountain- ous district to the north, rupinarum is grayer dorsally. An abundance of light -1 See the present paper, page 18. 18 SAN D1gGo SoclETY OF NATURAL History spots on the back, sides and rump gives this form a very hoary appearance. The underparts are pale, almost white, not at all like the very dark Citellus beecheyi atricapillus from the central-southern parts of the peninsula or the brownish nudipes. Compared with atricapillus, rupinarum is decidedly lighter and grayer. The bright mantles stand out conspicuously, as compared with the very dark, almost obsolete shoulder patches of atricapillus. Cranially, rupinarum bears greater similarity to atricapillus than to any of the more northern races. The maxillary arches are less flaring in both rupinarum and atricapillus than are those of either nudipes or beecheyi. However, the malar is much lighter in rupinarum than in atricapillus, being not unlike that of nudipes. The posterior portion of the brain case is more flattened in rupinarum than in either atricapillus or nudipes. Measurements—Type: Total length, 405; tail, 188; hind foot, 55; ear, 17. Skull (type) : Greatest length, 52.7; greatest width, 30.9; interorbital constriction, 12.2; nasals, 18.5; tooth row, 11.5. Range.—The range of this race lies south of the southern parts of the Sierra San Pedro Martir and north of the Vizcaino Desert, Lower California, Mexico. So far only specimens from Catavifia have been examined. : Citellus beecheyi nudipes subsp. nov. SIERRA JUAREZ GROUND SQUIRREL Type.—From Laguna Hanson, Sierra Juarez, Lower California, Mexico, altitude 5200 feet; lat. 31° 58’ north, long. 115° 53’ west; no. 2015, collection of the San Diego Society of Natural History; female adult; collected by Frank Stephens, October 13, 1926. Characters.—Compared with rupinarum, this form is darker dorsally and lacks the hoary gray appearance of its southern relative. The underparts are also darker and more brownish. The mantle, however, is a clearer, more silvery white. Compared with Citellus beecheyi beecheyi, from the vicinity of San Francisco and Monterey, California (type locality), nudipes lacks hair on the entire sole of the hind foot, has a more clearly defined, brighter mantle and grayer cheeks and forehead. The underparts are lighter, lacking most of the dark brownish color found in beecheyi from the above-mentioned localities. Cranially, nudipes is similar to beecheyi, having a more flaring spread of the maxillary arches than either of the forms rupinarum or atricapillus, whose ranges are to the southward. It will thus be seen that nudipes is cranially more like beecheyi than like rupinarum, but in external characters approaches more closely to rupinarum than to beecheyi. Measurements.—T ype: Total length, 376; tail, 142; hind foot, 55; ear, 18. Skull (type): Greatest length, 54.2; greatest width, 33.0; interorbital constric- tion, 13.0; nasals, 18.7; tooth row, 11.7. Hury—Two New Grounp SQUIRRELS 19 Range.-—The mountainous area of northern Lower California, Mexico, west- ward to the coast. Remarks.—Specimens from the coastal regions of southern California, from Point Conception south to the vicinity of the International Boundary, are vari- ously intermediate between beecheyi and nudipes. In all probability they represent an undescribed race. The relationship of nudipes tends coast-wise towards beecheyi rather than towards the more northern inland race Citellus beecheyi fisheri, although it does have a bright mantle similar to that of fisheri. Recently Howell? described a race of ground squirrels (Citellus beecheyi parvulus) ranging in the Argus and Panamint Mountains, Inyo County, Cali- fornia, and southward. The present writer, however, after considerable study fails to recognize any constant appreciable difference between specimens taken in the Argus and Panamint Mountains and those from the vicinity of the south fork of the Kern River, in which region lies the type locality of C. b. fisheri. There does seem to be some variation in size between specimens of fisheri from the San Joaquin Valley and those of the desert ranges. But the necessity of accepting, as typical of the race fisheri, the specimens from the Kern River region, which are mediary, both in geographical location and in physical characters, between the two extremes, precludes, in the writer’s estimation, separate recognition of the squirrels at either extreme. Regarding the southern extent of the range of fisheri, the writer’s conclusion conforms with that of Grinnell and Dixon.? A specimen examined from Palm Springs, Riverside County, California, was found to agree in most characters with examples of fisheri from the Kern River region. An interesting fact presented itself in the study of this assemblage of material. It was found that the lightest race (C. 6. rupinarum) and the darkest race (C. b. atricapillus) occupied contiguous territory of approximately the same elevation and distance from the sea. A partial explanation may be found when the physiography of the ranges of the two races is considered. The region occupied by atricapillus, the dark form, is almost entirely covered with black lava, while that of rupinarum is entirely granitic and gray in color. Thus it would seem that environmental conditions proved to be the determining element in the color development of the two races. Specimens examined.—Citellus beecheyi beecheyi: San Mateo County, California, 9 (6 from Redwood City; 1 from Los Gatos; 2 from Portola) ; Alameda County, California, 1 (Berkeley) ; Contra Costa County, California, 1 (La Fayette) ; Santa Clara County, California, 1 (Mount Hamilton) ; Monterey County, California, 27 (20 from Monterey; 5 from Seaside; 1 from Bryson; 1 from Partington Point); Los Angeles County, California, 9 (2 from Castaic; 2 Journal of Mammalogy, Vol. 12, No. 2, p. 160, May, 1931. 3 Natural History of the Ground Squirrels of California, by Joseph Grinnell and Joseph Dixon: Monthly Bulletin of the State Commission of Horticulture, Vol. 7, Nos. 11-12, p. 597-708, Jan. 27, 1919. 4 Specimens from the coastal region south of Point Conception are not typical C. 6. beecheyi. 20 SAN Dieco Society OF NATURAL History 5 from Monrovia; 2 from San Pedro); Riverside County, California, 1 (Aguanga); San Diego County, California, 12 (5 from San Diego; 1 from Santa Ysabel; 2 from Witch Creek; 1 from Ballena; 1 from El Monte; 1 from Jamacha; 1° from North Cuyamaca Mountains) . Citellus beecheyi fisheri: Fresno County, California, 3 (Coalinga) ; Kern County, California, 10 (1 from McKit- trick; 1 from Havilah; 2 from Kern River at Isabella; 1 from Kern River, 12 miles below Bodfish; 1 from Kern River, 7 miles above Kernville; 2 from Fay Creek, 6 miles north of Weldon; 1 from 9 miles east of Onyx; 1 from west slope of Walker Pass) ; Inyo County, California, 7 (6 from Jackass Spring, Panamint Mountains; 1 from 4 miles south of Junction Ranch, Argus Mountains) ; San Bernardino County, California, 2 (1 from Bear Valley, San Bernardino Moun- tains; 1 from Hesperia); Riverside County, California, 2 (1 from San Jacinto Mountains; 1 from Palm Springs). Citellus beecheyi nudipes: Lower California, Mexico, 14 (1 from south side Descanso Bay; 5 from Laguna Hanson, Sierra Juarez; 1 from Sangre de Cristo; 8 from El Valle de la Trinidad). Citellus beecheyi rupinarum: Lower California, Mexico, 4 (Catavifia). Citellus beecheyt atricapillus: Lower California, Mexico, 10 (San Ignacio). 5 Tending toward C. b. nudipes. RE 277 TRANSACTIONS OF THE SAN DIEGO SOCIETY OF NATURAL HISTORY Vot. VII, No. 3, pp. 21-24 OcToBeR 6, 1931 NOTES ON THE RACES OF SALTATOR GRANDIS (LICHTENSTEIN) BY A. J. VAN RoSSEM California Institute of Technology The Saltator grandis of Ridgway’s 1901 treatment is now well known to be a composite of several races whose characters were in some degree suggested by that author’s measurements and comments but which, be- cause of the small number of specimens then available, could not be named. Berlepsch, in his “Revision der Tanagren” (Verh. des V Inter. Orn. Kong., Berlin, 1911) first recognized the pale race of the Yucatan peninsula and still more recently Griscom, in connection with his studies on the Dwight collection of Guatemala birds, has distinguished (Amer. Mus. Novit., 438, 1930) a dark race from the Pacific coast of Guatemala and Nicaragua and, in addition, has given us valuable comments on the range of the typical form. Previous to the appearance of Griscom’s paper the present writer had done some work with this species, in fact had named in manuscript the Pacific coast race on the basis of a series from El Salvador. Griscom’s name of hesperis is of course strictly applicable to the Salvador birds and I am happy to be able to vouch for the validity of the form whose char- acters, as compared to typical grandis, are the more plumbeous (less olive) upperparts, decidedly darker and more grayish (less brownish) under- parts and shorter superciliary streak. The only three specimens from northwestern Costa Rica in the Dickey collection I had included with the Salvador birds on the basis of their color characters, but only tentatively and with considerable doubt because of their smaller size and different 22 SAN Drieco Society oF NATURAL HISTORY wing and tail proportions. Through the courtesy of the Los Angeles Museum and its Curator of Birds, Mr. George Willett, I have recently had the opportunity of seeing eight more Costa Rican skins of this species. Since inese have proved to be consistently similar to the trio originally examined, there would appear to be every reason to characterize and name the gray saltators from northwestern Costa Rica as a distinct race. This may be known as Saltator grandis brevicaudus subsp. nov. Type.—Male adult in relatively fresh, unabraded plumage; no. 22,559, collection of Donald R. Dickey; Aranjuez, Puntarenas, Costa Rica; February 24, 1928; collected by Austin Smith. Subspecific characters Differs from Saltator grandis grandis (Lichten- stein) of the Atlantic slope of southern Mexico and Central America and from Saltator grandis hesperis Griscom of the Pacific slope of Guatemala, El Sal- vador and Nicaragua in smaller size and relatively as well as actually much shorter tail. In color brevicaudus is very similar to hesperis but averages even darker, though with the rump and upper tail coverts slightly more olive and less purely plumbeous. Compared to grandis the upperparts are darker and more plumbeous (less olive), the underparts and flanks are darker and more grayish (less brownish) and the white superciliary streak is shorter and reaches scarcely behind the posterior corner of the eye. The wing and tail measurements of the type are, in millimeters, 98.0 and 93.0 respectively. Range.—Pacific slope of northwestern Costa Rica (Aranjuez, Puntarenas, 2; Tambor, Guanacaste, 7), east to the north-central highlands (Volcan Irazu, 1). In typical form both grandis and hesperis have the tail longer than the wing, in which connection the reader may also consult the table of measurements appended (on page 667 of Part 1 of The Birds of North and Middle America) to Ridgway’s synopsis of the species. The measurements there given for “Nicar- agua” birds I suspect may, in part at least, be better applicable to brevicaudus for Nutting, when collecting for the Smithsonian Institution, took three specimens at Sucuya (see Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 6, 1883, 382) in the extreme southwestern corner of that country and only a short distance north of the Costa Rica-Nicaragua boundary. Griscom did not have available any specimens from the range of brevicaudus but two from “eastern Costa Rica” he considered to be best referable to grandis. The single specimen from the Atlantic slope of Costa Rica available to me is from Cartago near the summit of the Continental Divide, though on the Atlantic drainage. In characters it is so nearly intermediate between grandis and brevicaudus that its allocation is a matter of difficulty, though in the absence of a series from that locality I have referred it to the former. The Volcan Irazu specimen, which is certainly brevicaudus, was taken at 5000 feet altitude at San Isidro on the Pacific drainage. VAN RossEM—RACES OF SALTATOR GRANDIS 23 The relative lengths of the wing and tail measurements of hesperis and brevicaudus may be seen from the following table. WING TAIL S. g. hesperis 9 ad. males from Salvador .... . 101.0 - 107.5 101.5 - 111.0 5 ad. females from Salvador .... 100.0- 107.5 100.0 - 108.5 S. g. brevicaudus 5 ad. males from Costa Rica. ... 97.5- 100.0 90.0- 93.0 5 ad. females from Costa Rica... 94.0- 99.0 88.0- 92.0 In the process of “running down” old names, which although hitherto considered to be synonyms of grandis in the old collective sense might possibly have been utilized for one of the newer divisions, it has been necessary to consider the Saltator rufiventris of Vigors which was first described in 1839 in “The Zoology of Captain Beechey’s Voyage*** etc.” Although no locality was mentioned in the original description the only places touched by the “Blossom” at which a saltator of this type could have been collected were Acapulco, San Blas and Mazatlan on the west coast of Mexico. From just which of these seaports the type came there is no clue nor, for the present, does it make the slightest difference. What is of importance is that all of these places are within the range of Lawr- ence’s Saltator plumbiceps and Vigors’ description, brief as it is, is a good one when it comes to defining the essential characters of that form. A transcription of the original description on page 19 of the above work is given herewith. The italics are mine. “Salt. supra plumbeo-cinerea, dorso caudaque olivascentibus; corpore infra rufescenti, crisso saturatiore; superciliis albescentibus. Rostrum pedesque plumbei. Tectrices alarum inferiores rufescenti- albidae. Longitudo corporis, 74; alae, a carpo ad apicem remigis tertiae, 4%; rostri, $; caudae, 4; tarsi, 1.” While the unitalicized characters might be applied equally well to either grandis or plumbiceps, the plumbeous-ash upperparts, contrasted crissum, rufescent-white under wing coverts and a tail slightly shorter than the wing would appear to clinch the matter when taken in connection with the itinerary of the “Blossom.” Vigors’ name was antedated by Saltator rufiventris of D’Orbigny and Lafresnaye (Mag. de Zool., 1837, 35) and therefore Gray as a matter of routine or even possibly aware of the dis- tinguishing characters of Vigors’ bird substituted (Gen. Birds, 2, 1844, 363) Saltator vigorsii. In view of the above I do not see how we are going to escape considering plumbiceps as a synonym of vigorsit. 24 SAN Disco Society oF NATURAL HIstTory A condensed distributional synopsis of the races of Saltator grandis is as follows: : Saltator grandis grandis (Lichtenstein) Atlantic slope of Mexico and Central America from Tamaulipas south to Costa Rica, exclusive of the Yucatan peninsula. Although the type locality of Lichtenstein’s Tanagra grandis was no more definite than “Mexico,” the reprint of that author’s “Preis-Verzeich- niss mexicanischer Vogel” which appeared in the Journal ftir Ornithologie for 1863 (I have not seen the original) states that the collection on which the report was based was made by Deppe and Schiede. Sclater (Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1856, 72) lists only Jalapa as the locality of the speci- mens of this species in the Berlin Museum where he examined Lichten- stein’s types and Salvin and Godman (Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, 1, 328) list Deppe as the collector of the Jalapa record. The type locality of the typical race would, therefore, certainly appear to be Jalapa, Vera Cruz, Mexico. | Saltator grandis yucatanensis Berlepsch Yucatan peninsula. Saltator grandis vigorsii Gray Western Mexico, from Sinaloa south to Oaxaca. Since the characters which distinguish vigorsii are quantitative only there would seem to be little point in attempting to maintain the west- Mexican form as a distinct species. Saltator grandis hesperis Griscom Pacific slope of Guatemala, El Salvador and Nicaragua. Saltator grandis brevicaudus van Rossem Pacific slope of northwestern Costa Rica and possibly the extreme southwestern part of Nicaragua. meg 7 TRANSACTIONS OF THE SAN DIEGO SOCIETY OF NATURAL HISTORY VotuME VII, No. 4, pp. 25-42, map, chart THE COOL-WATER TIMMS POINT PLEISTOCENE HORIZON AT SAN PEDRO, CALIFORNIA BY ALEX CLARK California Institute of Technology SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA PRINTED FOR THE SOCIETY DECEMBER 19, 1931 7 _ HARBOR SS AS TWAL} TOP OF MIOCENE SHALE \\ \) = =e IN SS Sketch map of the town of San Pedro, California, indicating collecting localities at Timms Point. (Adapted from U. S. Geol. Survey, Wilmington Quadrangle) THE COOL-WATER TIMMS POINT PLEISTOCENE HORIZON AT SAN PEDRO, CALIFORNIA BY ALEX CLARK California Institute of Technology INTRODUCTION Timms Point is located in the southeastern part of the town of San Pedro, Los Angeles County, California, just east of the south end of Harbor Boulevard, along the bluff facing the harbor. It is part of the abandoned sea cliff extending from a locality near Point Fermin north- ward along the east side of the town. The cliff is about forty feet high and its top represents the lowest of a number of marine terraces cut in the Palos Verdes Hills. Since Arnold’ studied the stratigraphy and faunas of San Pedro no account of the section exposed at Timms Point has been published. As at that time the exposures there were poor, only 28 species of mollusks were collected and no detailed observations could be made with reference to the stratigraphy. It, therefore, seems desirable to record the results of an examination of the stratigraphy and fossils. A fauna of 155 species of mollusks, bryozoa, and brachiopods has now been collected and studied from the so-called Pliocene beds exposed at Timms Point. Foraminifera and ostracods, the former in great abun- dance, were collected, but not studied. A close scrutiny of the physical evidence and the fossils seems to indicate the presence of two minor faunal zones. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I wish to express my appreciation to Dr. W. P. Woodring, formerly Professor of Invertebrate Paleontology at the California Institute of Technology, for suggesting the problem and for advice and criticism. Mr. A. M. Strong kindly identified Diala marmorea and Barleeia haliotiphila. Mr. George Willett, of the Los Angeles Museum, permitted 1 ARNoLD, DeLtos & RatpnH, “The Marine Pliocene and Pleistocene Stratigraphy of the Coast of Southern California.” Jour. Geol., Vol. X, 1902, No. 2. ARNOLD, RALPH, “The Paleontology and Stratigraphy of the Marine Pliocene and Pleistocene of San Pedro, California.” Mem. Calif. Acad. Sci., Vol. III, 1903. 28 SAN D1EGo Society oF NATURAL HIsTory comparison of some of the fossils with his Recent collection and offered suggestions as to their correct identification. Dr. U. S. Grant, IV, of the University of California at Los Angeles, criticized the faunal list. The Golisch collection of Recent shells, now at the California Institute of Technology was found indispensable in making comparisons with the fossils. STRATIGRAPHY The oldest rocks exposed at Timms Point consist of somewhat sandy, brown, fractured siltstone, intercalated with a few thin layers of hard yellow-weathering limestone, dipping northeastward at a somewhat steeper angle than the overlying beds. They are exposed on the west and south sides and in several places along the base of the east face of the bluff. The base of this formation is not exposed here, consequently the thickness is not known. Arnold referred these strata to the Miocene, without, however, any fossil evidence. The beds to be described in detail are uncemented clayey fine sands and silts, predominantly yellowish with local finer gray streaks and patches. They lie unconformably on the irregular eroded surface of the Miocene shales. These beds strike N. 37° W. and dip northeastward at an angle of about 14°. The component of dip along the east face of the bluff is 8° where a thickness of about 30 feet is exposed. These beds, as well as similarly situated beds at Deadman Island, were considered of Pliocene age by Arnold. About 200 yards north of the southeast corner of the bluff a concrete retaining wall several hundred feet long effectually hides the contact between the “Pliocene” and overlying beds. Unfossiliferous sands that are almost horizontal are found just north of the retaining wall. Farther north these sands are cross-bedded. The top of the section of tilted beds is at Second Street and Harbor Boulevard, where they consist of fossili- ferous gray sands correlated by Arnold with the type Lower San Pedro of Deadman Island. It should be mentioned in this connection that Arnold? in his first paper-designated Deadman Island as the type locality of the San Pedro series. The horizontal Upper San Pedro beds truncate the whole section. At Timms Point, however, they are represented only by a very thin layer of Miocene shale and limestone cobbles exposed at the base of the soil 2 ARNOLD, DELos & RALPH, op. cit. 1902. CLARK—TImMMs PoInt PLEISTOCENE 29 mantle on the west side of the bluff along Harbor Boulevard. The upper five or six feet of the cliff is made up of soil and alluvium containing a few kitchen-midden shells. The best exposure of the “Pliocene” beds can be seen on the east face of the bluff just south of the concrete retaining wall. At this locality the section is as follows, beginning at the top: Bed No. Thickness III. Yellowish-gray massive dirty fine sands, slightly coarser than underlying sands. Contains a few scattered specimens of Lucina annulata and locally a lens of about 6 inches thick packed: with, oreatly leached fossils:2 2) 2.38.21 ia 16” II. Yellowish to greenish brown fine silty sand, containing scat- tered well-rounded pebbles of hard shale and limestone. Overlaps onto “Miocene” shale southward. Lamellibranchs abundant, gastropods and foraminifera not so abundant. Decicedly cool-water tata... fo a 127 I. Yellowish massive clayey silts with finer gray streaks and pockets. Somewhat marly in places near base. Numerous bored pebbles of the underlying shale and a few phosphatized pebbles are found at the base. Basal portion consists almost en- tirely of foraminiferal remains with some small mollusks. Toward middle of bed, mollusks, particularly gastropods, become more abundant. Bryozoa abundant locally toward south end of point. Fauna indicates somewhat warmer facies 12? TCO) oes MTT su rT a ee OT a 30’ Prior to the removal of several feet of material from the bluff at the southeast corner of Timms Point, the overlap of Bed No. 2 could be observed, where it rested directly on the Miocene shale. The same relation can still be seen on the west side of the bluff. This overlap may be due to an irregular surface of deposition and probably has little time significance, but it is interesting to notice that the faunas of Bed No. I and Bed No. II are considerably different, as will be indicated below. FAUNA Arnold listed the following 28 species from Timms Point: LAMELLIBRANCHIATA Callista subdiaphana Pecten jordani Thracia trapezoides Leda taphria Protocardia centifilosa Thyasira gouldii Lucina acutilineata Solen sicarius Venericardia barbarensis Nucula castrensis Thyasira bisecta Venericardia ventricosa Pecten caurinus 30 SAN DigEco SocrETY OF NATURAL History GASTROPODA Bittium asperum Drillia torosa Natica clausa Chrysodomus tabulatus Fusus barbarensis Olivella biplicata Columbella gausapata Nassa mendica Terebra simplex Columbella var. carinata Nassa cooperi Trophon stuarti Conus californicus Nassa perpinguis Turritella cooperi Mitrella carinata and Terebra “simplex” were not found during this study. In his paper on the California Pectens, Arnold? listed Chlamys hastatus navarchus (Dall) from Timms Point. “Tritonofusus” riversi Martin was described by Martin’ from the same locality. Neither of these species was encountered. In the accompanying faunal list from the Timms Point beds, the specific nomenclature and, for the most part, the generic nomenclature follows that of Dall.’ The present range of species is also taken from Dall’s paper. The letter R indicates that a species is represented at a locality by three or less specimens. The letter C denotes common (3 to 20 specimens). The letter A indicates that 20 or more specimens were found at a locality. In the column marked “Living,” species now found only north of Point Conception are indicated by the letter N. Species ranging only south of that locality are designated by the letter S. Species which range both north and south of Point Conception are indicated by an X. Species which are believed to be extinct are designated with the letter E. The column marked “Calcareous Beds” includes the species common to Timms Point and the faunas as recorded by Woodring® from the cal- careous beds and marls exposed at Second Street and at Hilltop Quarry. The species in the column marked “Timms Point Formation at Second Street” are those found also by Woodring in the silts above the calcareous beds. In the remaining three columns, Arnold’s lists were consulted, augmented in the case of the “Lower San Pedro” column by species listed by Oldroyd.’ Canu and Bassler’s® list of bryozoa from the Deadman 3 ARNOLD, RALPH, “The Tertiary and Quaternary Pectens of California.” U. S. Geol. Survey, Prof. Paper No. 47. 1906 4 Martin, Bruce, “Descriptions of New Species of Fossil Mollusca from the Later Marine Neocene of California.” U. of Cal. Pub. in Geol., Vol. 8, No. 7. 1914. 5 Dati, W. H., Bulletin 112, U. S. Nat. Mus. 1921. 6 Wooprinc, W. P., “Warm-Water Faunas of the So-Called Pliocene of San Pedro” (abstract). Bull. Geol. Soc. Am., Vol. 41, No. 1. 1930. 7 Otproyp, T. S., “The Fossils of the Lower San Pedro Fauna of the Nob Hill Cut, San Pedro, California.” Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., Vol. 65, Art. 22, 1924. 8 Canu, F. and Basster. R. S., “Later Tertiary and Quaternary Bryozoa of North America.” Bull. 125, U. S. Nat. 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Following is a list of California Institute of Technology collecting localities at Timms Point: 264.—200 feet north of southeast corner of Timms Point and on the east face. Basal 2 feet of Bed No. I resting directly on Miocene shale. Foraminifera extremely abundant. 329.—North end of east face of bluff just south of concrete retaining wall. Base of section same as at 264 but a hard limey layer containing broken fossils intervenes between the abundant forams and the contact with the Miocene. No species were identified from the limey layer. 3.—East face of bluff 50 feet north of southeast extremity. Bed No. I. Bryozca extremely abundant. 78.—East face of bluff 150 feet north of southeast extremity. Bed No. I. Fossils came from 4 feet below Bed No. II, which is highest fossil bed exposed at this locality. 136.—Same locality as 329 but in middle and upper portion of Bed No. I. 320.—East face of bluff 450 feet north of southeast extremity and just south of small red shack. Middle and upper portions of Bed No. I. 330.—Low bank along sidewalk on west side of Harbor Boulevard at the end of Fourteenth Street. Bed No. I. Bryozoa abundant. 10.—Near top of bluff at, and just north of, southeast extremity. Uppermost fossil bed rests on Miocene shale here. This is Bed No. II. 24.—Same locality and bed as 10, but 30 to 40 feet north. Here several feet of Bed No. I intervene between Bed No. II and the Miocene contact. 77.—Same locality as 78, but 4 feet stratigraphically higher in Bed No. II. 321.—East side of Harbor Boulevard opposite end of Fourteenth Street. Bed No. II resting directly on Miocene, 322.—Same locality as 330, but about 4 feet stratigraphically higher and on gentle slope above the bank. Bed No. IL. 410.—Same locality as 329, but about 12 feet stratigraphically higher, in Bed No. II. There are abundant fossils at this locality, but only one was collected because the bed can be definitely traced southward to a more accessible collecting locality. 409.—Same locality as 329, but about 14 feet stratigraphically above, in thin fossil lense near base of Bed No. III. 990.—150 feet north of 330 on west side of Harbor Boulevard on slope about 10 feet above sidewalk. 30 feet stratigraphically above Bed No. II. Thyasira disjuncta abundant here. 1.—Southeast corner of bluff at base of exposed section. Stratigraphic position uncertain due to slumping. 274.—Timms Point along the east face. Collected by students from various. localities along the east face of the bluff. 32 SAN Deco Society OF NATURAL History FAUNAL SUMMARY Bed No.I Bed No.II Bed No.l Total Gastropods-2 2124 ta 78 38 5 86 Lamellibranchs.........00....--. 38 32 10 49 Scaphopods.2..cess0 en: 2 0 0 2 Brachiopods: - ee Z 2 0 2 Dryozoann no ee 13 2 0 13 (Crastaceaie is en tae 1 1 0 2 iSCesyeienocs anole eeiee, ook Oe 0 1 0 1 OT Ae cate tees 134 75 15 ilp.B Specifically identifiable mollusks 29. 114 66 14 130 Extinct mollusks... 10 Duke Atha s 11 Percentage of extinct MOlliskc we eee 8.8 7560? yaaa 8.5 Percentage of extinct biyozoasieeea cane. = aM es oh De 72h Bed No. I contains 69 species not found in the beds above. Bed No. II contains 13 species not found in Bed No. I. All the species recognized in Bed No. III are present in Bed No. II. Several species are present in Bed No. II that are not found living south of Oregon today and some of these have Puget Sound as their southern limit. The species are as follows: Pandora grandis, Thyasira disjuncta, Mya truncata, “Pecten” caurinus, Chlamys jordani, Thracia trapezoides, and Panomya ampla. The first three of these species were not found in Bed No. I. Several fossils occur at locality 990, 30 feet above Bed No. II and evidently in Bed No. III. The presence among them of Thyasira dis- juncta, Thracia trapezoides, and Pecten caurinus indicates that this bed also represents the typical cool water zone present in Bed No. II. Bed No. I carries a number of species whose present range does not extend north of Point Conception. On the other hand most of these species range south along the coast of Lower California, thus indicating warm-water rather than cool-water affinities. Species living only south of Point Conception can certainly be considered to belong to a warmer- water fauna than those found living only north of Siletz Bay, Oregon. The species not found north of Point Conception are as follows: Turcica CLARK—TIMMS POINT PLEISTOCENE 33 caffea, Tricolia pulloides, Rissoina dalli, Bittium larum, Bittium catalin- ense, Borsonella bartschi, Clathrodrillia renaudi, Verticordia ornata, Lucina nuttallii, Psephidia cymata, Turvitella jewetti, Cardium quadrage- narium, and Cellaria mandibulata. All but the last three of these species were found only in Bed No. I. Several relatively warm-water species occur in Bed No. II, but they are rare as compared to their occurrence in the bed below. The simplest explanation of their presence in a cool-water fauna is that they have been derived from the lower bed by reworking. Little concrete evidence is available to support such an explanation except that the specimens of Turritella jewetti appear to be considerably worn and the Cardium quadragenarium is represented only by worn fragments. The fact that shells are worn or broken cannot be taken as conclusive proof that they are reworked from an older deposit, as it is quite common to find such speci- mens of Recent shells along the beach where wave action has worn and broken them. The presence of this markedly cool-water fauna in Beds II and III cannot be entirely accounted for by assuming that it represents a deeper water deposit than the underlying warmer-water fauna. The somewhat coarser materials in Beds II and III, the presence of the overlap, and the character of the fauna indicate that this bed was laid down in shallower water than Bed No. I. The conclusion follows that the cooling of the water was due to a cooler climate, rather than to an increase in depth of the water. Such a marked change in climate was undoubtedly due to the advent of a glacial stage. The occurrence of such cool-water species as “Pecten” caurinus, Chlamys jordani, and Thracia trapezoides in Bed No. I with a fauna that has a warmer aspect is not readily understood. A number of explana- tions may be considered : 1. Bed No. I and Bed No. II both represent cool-water facies and all the warm-water species are reworked from underlying beds not present at Timms Point, but occurring at Second Street in San Pedro about a mile away, as described by Woodring. 2. Bed No. I represents a warm-water horizon and the cool-water species have been reworked from a lower cool-water horizon not present here. 3. Bed No. I contains more than one zone of alternating cool and 34 SAN D1gEcGo SocieETY OF NATURAL HIsTory warm-water facies, thus giving the appearance of a mixture of cool and warm-water species. 4. During deposition of Bed No. I the waters were becoming cooler and cool-water species began to appear before the warmer water types were driven out by the unfavorable environment. This postulates an inter- fingering of two faunas such as is observed at the border of two faunal provinces at the present time. The principal objection to the first explanation is that a number of warm-water species are present in Bed No. I which do not occur in the underlying warm-water beds at Second Street. Turcica caffea, which is abundant in Bed No. I at Timms Point, but not found at Second Street or any other underlying warm-water beds exposed around San Pedro, is a notable example. There is a possibility that the warm-water forms in Bed No. I were derived from an unknown set of beds below that are now removed by erosion. The second explanation offered has little support in the light of present knowledge of beds underlying the Timms Point section. No fauna occurring below the Timms Point beds is known in the vicinity of San Pedro that contains “Pecten” caurinus or Thracia trapezoides, two of the notably cool-water species occurring in Bed No. I. It is possible here also that such a zone has been removed by erosion or cannot be found due to lack of exposures. No confirmation of the third explanation was obtained from the field evidence. No break in sedimentation or slightest indication of the presence of more than one bed in Bed No. I at Timms Point could be detected. Arnold? used the fourth explanation in connection with the associa- tion of warm- and cool-water types in the Lower San Pedro sands. Later Oldroyd’® employed the same reasoning in his discussion of the Lower San Pedro fauna at Nob Hill, San Pedro. Bed No. I contains a fauna indicative of several fathoms depth at the time of deposition. This may account for the early appearance of some of the cool-water forms that presumably were beginning to arrive from the north. The warmer-water forms had not yet retreated southward. Whether such a mingling of species of different environments can take place, is not at present proven. 9 ARNOLD, RALPH, op. cit. 1903. 10 O_proyp, T. S., op. cit. Page 2. '° CLARK—TIMMs PoINT PLEISTOCENE 35 In view of the present limited knowledge regarding the “Pliocene” sections in and around San Pedro, it seems to be the most reasonable theory. RELATION TO SECOND STREET SECTION The section along Second Street has been referred to above. In order to bring out its relations to the beds at Timms Point, a brief description of the stratigraphy there seems warranted. Woodring" has described the section and studied the fossils. The base of the section is not seen in this vicinity due to lack of exposures. The Miocene shale outcrops in the first alley west of Pacific Avenue just south of Second Street. No exposures are available from this point eastward for at least a hundred yards. The first exposure of the “Pliocene” beds occurs on Second Street half a block east of Pacific Avenue. The lowest beds exposed in the section occur in a small quarry in the alley just south of the street. They consist of fossili- ferous marly beds containing a relatively warm-water fauna. These beds are overlain by calcareous beds also carrying a warm-water fauna. The total thickness of marl and calcareous beds exposed is 68 feet. These faunas are warmer in facies than that in Bed No. I at Timms Point as indicated by the entire absence of “Pecten” caurinus and Thracia trapezoides. Disconformably overlying the calcareous beds are dirty silts and sands carrying the typical cool-water fauna corresponding to that in Beds II and III at Timms Point. These beds also have the lithologic characters of Beds II and III. Three fossiliferous beds occur on the south side of the street in this upper division separated by intervals of barren sand. Above these fossiliferous beds the deposits become thin-bedded and intercalated with thin beds of clean sand and the dip decreases from about 25° northeastward to less than 15°. These beds grade upward into the same cross-bedded sands as those seen north of the concrete retaining wall previously mentioned. Another break in the exposures occurs just west of Beacon Street and no more exposures are found until the Lower San Pedro fossiliferous sands are encountered at Second and Beacon Streets. Besides the lithologic and faunal similarity of the cool-water horizons at the two localities, the field evidence supports the conclusion that they represent the same zone. The strike of Bed No. II at Timms Point is N. 37 W., whereas the strike of the contact between the Miocene shale and the overlying silts is about N. 45 W. This divergence in a north- 11 Wooprine, W. P., op. cit. The thicknesses of the units in the Second Street section were kindly supplied by Dr. Woodring. 36 SAN DiEGo Society OF NATURAL History westerly direction permits the appearance of other beds below Bed No. II as the contact is followed in the direction of Second and Pacific Streets. An examination of collections from the basal two feet of Bed No. I indicated a difference which was at first thought to represent a separate zone. Several species of small gastropods are found in considerable abundance, such as: Homalopoma bacula, Tricolia pulloides, Rissoina dalli, Diala marmorea, Bittium asperum, Bittium catalinense, Alabina californica, Mitrella tuberosa, and Cypraeolina pyriformis. These species occur in pockets and patches at or near the base, but were not seen farther up in the bed. Woodring has found these species to be quite common in the calcareous beds below the cool-water horizon at Second Street. At places along the bluff at Timms Point the base of Bed No. I carries virtually no sand or silt but consists of a concentrate of nearly pure foraminiferal remains. A small pebble of calcareous material containing several small species of gastropods common in the calcareous beds on Second Street, was found five feet above the base of Bed No. I at C. I. T. locality 320. No calcareous lenses or beds were observed in the silts at Timms Point, although the lower portion of Bed No. I is somewhat marly. All this evidence taken together indicates that the entire section at Timms Point lies above the calcareous beds on Second Street and that Bed No. I carries material reworked from the calcareous beds, that is, Bed No. I at Timms Point falls between the calcareous beds and the cool-water over- lying sands on Second Street. It is possible that part of the calcareous beds grade laterally into the silts found in bed No. I at Timms Point. If this change actually does take place, then the fauna would necessarily change also, since there is a considerable difference in the faunas at the two localities. Such a possibility need not be seriously considered. RELATION TO DEADMAN ISLAND SECTION Unfortunately I did not have the opportunity to visit Deadman Island, before it was blasted away. Any attempt, therefore, to compare in detail the section there with that at Timms Point will not be entirely satisfactory. The faunas taken as a whole compare very closely, except that only 87 species were recorded by Arnold from the Deadman Island “Pliocene,” though more species have very likely been added by the collecting of Crickmay’* and his students. 12 Crickmay, C. H., “The Anomalous Stratigraphy of Deadman’s Island, California.” Jour. Geol., Vol. XXX VII, 1929, No. 7. 37 CLARK—TIMMS POINT PLEISTOCENE A A\ weys —~HAZAZ auacoipy sedan LA) P2S00K7 22 4 speg SNOPIEIIED | (euney 4H4EM /00D) pasodx7 5g ¢ \.. spues hy | |: (uispoom) 499L1{5 PUuOIaS YOU PMWAOY f UIC SUL. ps L374 NI F7VIS OF 0g Si Ol F O —<—<—<—$<— 4. ——————— OYdId NYS hyiWwsOpfuooufy ~~ Ae/I9AQ 40 hyIwWsOsUu0ISIG. —— Aqius4s0xuo7y —— euney 4342 /007) |-2-1 ON; P29 7 $0 UMOZ BY2 UI OLLYWAOS LNIOD SWWIL 244 4° 40/22/2410) + 7eYs auaroy sad] 2A-T evoz ‘e- jl auvoz Gt -IIT 940zZ — cl-AL 9402 (euney. 4afEM J009) GEA MY aN : ((euney sajzem /o07)- ma /9! -TL ON PIG = ospayuessaddy fUl0d SUIWHY /SI-IA 240Z O4pad UG 4AMO07T J02-HA 240Z ospag ues sadd/f 8 IA. 9402 (fewyors9) puessjveupeag 38 San Disco Society oF NATURAL History Considered in detail, the sections differ somewhat. At Timms Point, the section can only be divided into three distinct beds representing two different faunal zones. On the other hand, Crickmay divides the Dead- man Island “Pliocene” section into six zones. These zones do not appear sufficiently distinctive faunally to be of more than local importance. In most cases, the indicated temperature differences between the zones are minor and could readily be accounted for by local changes in current or depth. His Zones 1, 2, and 3 were not recognized at Timms Point. Since Crickmay found that Zone 3 overlaps Zones 1 and 2 on Deadman Island, they are very likely overlapped at Timms Point. His Zone 3 contains no distinctive fossils which are not present in Bed No. I at Timms Point, so is included with Zone 4 as the correlative of Bed No. I. Crickmay’s Zone 4, characterized by abundant forams, bryozoa, and numerous small mollusks, is readily recognized at Timms Point as Bed No. I. His Zone 5 is, as he points out, “the only decidedly cool-water fauna” in this region. This fauna is represented at Timms Point by Beds I and III. His Zone 6 contains no unique forms by which it may be recognized at Timms Point. AGE It is difficult to accurately estimate the percentage of extinct species when some of the determinations are doubtful as is the case here. A number of the smaller mollusks cannot be satisfactorily identified without comparison with type material. Very likely some of the small forms present here, and not recorded as living, actually are to be found in the Recent fauna but under a different name. No attempt has been made here to deal with synonomic problems. Leaving out of consideration the more doubtful species (indicated in the faunal list by an asterisk), the percentage of extinct mollusks for the two zones at Timms Point is found to be 8.5%. This figure is much less than that given by Arnold for the “Pliocene” (17.3%). It is to be expected that a more detailed comparison of the fossil with the living specimens will reduce the figure. A more complete fauna, including a number of species known hitherto only in the Recent ot San Pedro faunas, also tends to lower the percentage of extinct species. The species found at ‘Timms Point which have not previously been reported as fossils are: Axinopsis viridis, Barleeia haliotiphila, Bittium attenuatum boreale, Bittium larum, Bittium serra, Clathurella crystallina, Diala marmorea, Poromya tenuiconcha,and T ricolia pulloides. Species found which have not previously been reported from below the Lower San Pedro are: Alabina californica, Astraea inaequalis, Bittium CLARK—TiImMMs PoINT PLEISTOCENE 39 giganteum, Bittium ornatissimum, Crepidula nummaria, Cuspidaria pectinata, Margarites optabilis, Pandora filosa, Rissoina dalli, Spirogly- phus lituellus, and Verticordia ornata. The percentage of extinct species of bryozoa present in the Timms Point beds is 72.7%. This result is strangely at variance with the figure for the mollusks. The extremely large percentage of extinct species of bryozoa can hardly be due to the more rapid change in time of these organisms as compard to that of mollusks. The Recent bryozoa have not been studied or reported to the extent of the Recent mollusks. Conse- quently, it may be anticipated that many of the bryozoa recorded here as being extinct will be found living when more attention is paid to the Recent members of this group. An age determination on the basis of extinct species is not entirely trustworthy, in that the concept of the limits of a species changes from time to time and varies with the individual paleontologist. Increasing data on Recent species changes the percentages also. It has usually been con- sidered, however, that a fauna containing 10% or less of extinct species is Pleistocene in age. If one considers the total fauna at Timms Point together with that of the underlying Second Street marls and calcareous beds, it will be found that it corresponds quite well to that of the Lower San Pedro as given by Arnold. Both percentage of extinct species and the percentage of species common to the two indicates the close relationship. Arnold placed the division between Pliocene and Pleistocene below the 12 feet of Lower San Pedro beds on Deadman Island and considered the 45 feet of sands underlying them as Pliocene. The reasons given for so doing were: (1) angular unconformity there between the two sets of beds; (2) Per- centage of extinct species (“Pliocene” 17. 3% and Lower San Pedro 12.5%) ; (3) Faunal differences between the two. There is no means of finding the relations between these two sets of beds on the mainland due to lack of exposures at critical points. Arnold, however, indicated that they are probably comformable at the place where the concrete retaining wall now stands just north of Timms Point. The marked faunal difference between the “Pliocene” and Lower San Pedro does not seem to have any time significance, but rather represents a facies difterence due to difference in depth of water at the time of deposition and to difference in temperature. Warmer water zones below the typical cool-water zone at Timms Point compare more favorably in faunal content with the Lower San Pedro than with the immediately overlying fauna of 40 SAN Disco Society OF NATURAL HISTORY cool-water aspect. Faunal and stratigraphic breaks are present within the “Pliocene” section in the vicinity of San Pedro which may well be as great as that between the “Pliocene” and Lower San Pedro on Deadman Island. The conclusion drawn from such reasoning is that the “Pliocene” beds are part of the same series as the Lower San Pedro horizon and are little older, that is, they are early Pleistocene in age. Tieje’’ was the first writer to intimate that the “Pliocene” cool-water horizon belongs in the Pleistocene since Arnold placed it in the Pliocene. Correlations by means of comparisons of faunal lists only, are usually found to be misleading. The most satisfactory method is to directly compare the material from the sections involved. For this reason no attempt will be made to correlate in detail the section described here with other localities of approximately the same age. It is clear, however, that the name Santa Barbara formation cannot be applied to the Timms Point beds, due to the presence of several extinct species in the lower portion of Santa Barbara section at Santa Barbara and their absence in the Timms Point beds. Notable among these is Pecten bellus Conrad. It is believed that at least the lower part of the Santa Barbara section is older than the Timms Point beds. The name San Diego formation is likewise in- appropriate. The percentage of extinct species in the San Diego Pliocene is between 30% and 40% or thereabouts, which is in sharp contrast to the 8.5% extinction for Timms Point. The presence of a number of extinct species in considerable abundance at San Diego and unknown in the “Pliocene” in the vicinity of San Pedro, together with the absence in the San Diego Pliocene of. the characteristic cool-water species of the Timms Point beds, is further evidence that the San Diego formation is older than the Timms Point beds. In view of the lack of a convenient term for this horizon, which has variously been called Santa Barbara, San Diego, and Deadman Island Pliocene, the name Timms Point is proposed for the silts and sands overlying the Miocene shale and underlying the Lower San Pedro sands, with the section described at Timms Point as the typical section. Whether these beds carrying a cool-water fauna are to be considered a formation or not is largely a matter of personal opinion. Certainly in the vicinity of San Pedro these beds are lithologically distinct from the underlying calcareous beds and from the overlying Lower San Pedro sands. 13 Tigye, A. J., “The Pliocene and Pleistocene History of the Baldwin Hills, Los Ange- les, California. A. A. P. G. Bull., Vol. 10, No. 5, p. 506. 1926. CLARK—TIMMs PoINT PLEISTOCENE 41 CONCLUSIONS The essential conclusions arrived at in this study are: 1. Two slightly different faunas are found in the silts exposed at Timms Point: a typical cool-water fauna above and a somewhat warmer- water transitional fauna below. 2. Reworking of fossils from beds exposed at Second Street and not indigenous to Timms Point indicates that the section at the latter locality overlies everything except the cool-water zone of sands above the cal- careous beds at Second Street. 3. The small percentage of extinct species, the presence of a cool- water fauna attributable to a glacial stage, and the very modern aspect of faunas underlying that section in the vicinity of San Pedro indicate that these beds are best considered Pleistocene instead of Pliocene. 7 -~ NE : a ns - con i Abd & TRANSACTIONS OF THE SAN DIEGO SOCIETY OF NATURAL HISTORY Vor. VIE INo. 5; pp: 43-46 DECEMBER 19, 1931 A NEW SPECIES AND A NEW SUBSPECIES OF POCKET GOPHER BY LauRENCE M. Huey Curator of Birds and Mammals, San Diego Society of Natural History In a collection of mammals from southern Inyo County, California, secured by representatives of the San Diego Society of Natural History during the spring and summer of 1931, are six specimens of pocket gophers from the Argus Mountains. Comparison with gophers taken at the type localities in the surrounding territory revealed diverging characters in the Argus Mountains specimens sufficient to warrant their being recorded as a new species. Included in this paper is also the description of a new race of pocket gopher from Lower California, Mexico. The writer is indebted to Mr. Donald R. Dickey and Dr. W. H. Burt of the California Institute of Technology, and to Dr. Joseph Grinnell and Dr. E. Raymond Hall of the Museum of Vertebrate Zoology for the loan of comparative material. Thomomys argusensis sp. nov. Arcus Mountains Pocket GOPHER Type.—From Junction Ranch, Argus Mountains, Inyo County, California; no. 9545, collection of the San Diego Society of Natural History; adult male; collected by Samuel G. Harter, August 10, 1931; original no. 133. Characters——A small eared, darkish colored (for desert region), small gopher; with relatively light boned skull having rounded or elliptically spreading 44 SAN Disco SociETY OF NATURAL HISTORY zygomatic arches; rostrum slender with medium length nasals; bullae small. Sexes show some difference in size, though not extreme. M tiasurernents.—See table, page 46. Renge.--Known from the following localities: Junction Ranch, Orando (=Arando) Mine, and Mountain Spring—all within the Argus Range of mountains. Comparisons.—In color, argusensis is not unlike Thomomys perpallidus perpes from Lone Pine, Inyo County; but cranially it is very dissimilar to perpes and bears closer resemblance to the other mountain species of gophers, scapterus and providentialis, with which it evidently bears a close relationship. Compared with Thomomys scapterus of the Panamint Mountains, argusensis differs in having longer rostrum; smaller bullae; more projecting incisors; shorter premaxillary tongues; and in having the posterior portion of the nasals sharply reduced in width by a distinct angle. In external color, argusensis is darker than scapterus. Compared with Thomomys providentialis, argusensis is larger and darker. Cranially, argusensis has smaller, less globular bullae; smaller molars; more slender rostrum; more projecting incisors; longer premaxillary tongues. The nasals are longer and have the angle of reduction referred to above. The angle and spread of the zygomatic arches are not dissimilar, though in argusensis they are inclined to be more curved or rounded outwardly. Remarks.—Grinnell! in his recent paper favors the possibility of a mountain stock as the ancestry of his newly named Thomomys providentialis. The char- acters of the species argusensis, here named, support the same view and lead the writer to regard the three mountain species, scapterus, providentialis and argusensis, as lying taxonomically outside the perpallidus group. The lack of square-spreading zygomatic arches and the light construction of the cranium offer evidence for this opinion. Specimens examined.—Thomomys perpallidus perpes: Inyo County, Cali- fornia, 21 (16 from Lone Pine [type locality]; 5 from Olancha). Thomomys perpallidus mohavensis: San Bernardino County, California, 19 (8 from Victor- ville [type locality]; 11 from Hesperia). Thomomys providentialis: San Bernardino County, California, 5 (3 from Purdy, near Providence Mountains [type locality]; 2 from Leastalk, near Providence Mountains). Thomomys scapterus: Inyo County, California, 5 (Hanaupah Canyon, Panamint Moun- tains). Thomomys argusensis: Inyo County, California, 6 (4 from Junction Ranch | type locality |; 1 from Mountain Spring; 1 from Arando Mine). 1 Univ. of Calif. Publ. in Zool., Vol. 38, No. 1, pp. 1-10, Oct. 17, 1931. Hurtyv—Two New Pocket GoPpHERS 45 Thomomys bottae catavinensis subsp. nov. CATAVINA POCKET GOPHER Type-—From Catavifia, Lower California, Mexico, lat 29° 54’ north, long. 114° 57’ west; no. 8256, collection of the San Diego Society of Natural History; adult female; collected by Laurence M. Huey, October 10, 1930. _ Characters—In size, catavinensis is like Thomomys bottae cactophilus, which it most nearly resembles, but in color is grayer with an ashy cast, rather than the buffy ochraceous of cactophilus. Compared with Thomomys bottae abbotti this form is smaller in size and grayer. In fact the most conspicuous character of catavinensis is color difference. Cranially, catavinensis differs from cactophilus in a more rounded brain case, posteriorly. This slight character is constant throughout the series examined. Compared with abbotti, the skull of catavinensis is lighter in structure and smaller in size, but the two are nearly alike in the rounded brain case. Range.—Known only from the vicinity of the type locality, Catavinta, Lower California, Mexico. Specimens examined (all from Lower California, Mexico). —Thomomys bottae abbotti: 16 from one mile east of El Rosario (type locality) ; 2 from San Fernando. Thomomys bottae catavinensis: 12 from Catavifia (type locality). Thomomys bottae cactophilus: 17 from Punta Prieta (type locality); 2 from Santa Rosalia Bay. Thomomys bottae russeolus: 2 from Mesquital; 4 from Calmalli; 19 from Campo Los Angeles. SAN DrgEGo SocIETY OF NATURAL HISTORY 46 addy t "yNpe ATINF ION, x GL \€9 (9 | Oe | OOM ZT) et eee 09 aoe ¢] asnsny Oe | Tr BO: Nice |Z cl eG Caley alle Oommen ZI wsn8ny €@ (279° NeGL OCS AETV ONGE eal ae | eel | Oc ZI asnsny eo: ls 198 8O | 8 2c) Gch Ocal pa eeGCenlZOnmlencud OT asn8ny Bi HO eZ OC | ZOOL eG ume te mineOCn ||) LO ealear Z eun{ Gigs) ez9) WtaZ. ONT Gulnlecs Gene eae eo Gaon Z Ay Aes Cie Blatllete: N Zz, 20 m x 4 4 Heol Be lowe lees | se el eal eee Memeo ame a : 5 acs ae 5 as Bo > = eee SSE Bec Gk a ® 8 5 & z ¢- 7 sisuasnsap Skumowmoy [, IO SLNAWAYNSVAL] ae youey uonoun{ vo 796 ie: youry vonoun{ 2 €696 NEY qoury uonsunf | 5 | 7696 ee youey uonunf | 9 | oh66 ~Suradg urequnopy ns: 1Z46 eee auIA] Opuray e 9SE6 nop ott amy | ms | HN ke ‘a's Be Barb TRANSACTIONS OF THE SAN DIEGO SOCIETY OF NATURAL HISTORY VoL. VII, No. 6. pp. 47-50 DECEMBER 19, 1931 A NEW MEADOW MOUSE FROM LOWER CALIFORNIA, MEXICO BY LAURENCE M. Huey Curator of Birds and Mammals, Sar Diego Society of Natural History While comparing accumulated specimens of Microtus californicus from several localities in northern Lower California, Mexico, contained in the collection of the San Diego Society of Natural History, prior to writ- ing names on the labels, the writer was impressed with the variation which exists between specimens from the region on the western base of the Sierra Juarez and those from the coast in the neighborhood of San Quintin and from the Sierra San Pedro Martir. Further comparison of the specimens from the Sierra Juarez region with meadow mice taken in the San Diegan area of southern California also revealed differences. While the characters of the Sierra Juarez individuals are intermediate between those of the specimens from the other regions mentioned, they were found to be definite and constant. The following new name is therefore proposed. Microtus californicus grinnelli' subsp. nov. SANGRE DE Cristo MEapow MouseE Type.—From Sangre de Cristo in Valle San Rafael on the western base of the Sierra Juarez, Lower California, Mexico, lat. 31° 52’ north, long. 116° 06’ west; no. 6165, collection of the San Diego Society of Natural History; adult male; collected by Laurence M. Huey, June 26, 1927. Characters and comparisons—Compated with Microtus californicus huperu- 1 Named in honor of Dr. Joseph Grinnell, Director of the Museum of Vertebrate Zoology, University of California, in recognition of his outstanding work in California mammals. 48 SAN Dreco Society OF NATURAL HIsTory thrus, grirnelly is reddish instead of grayish in color, and averages smaller in size. Cranially, grirnelli is smaller with slightly more globular audital bullae and with the spread of the zygomatic arches averaging less. Compared with Microtus californicus aequivocatus, grinnelli is slightly lighter in dorsal reddish color and averages much smaller in size. Cranially, the audital bullae are slightly more globular, and the zygomatic arches are less widely spreading and are not as heavily boned. Compared with Microtus californicus sanctidiegi, grinnelli is brighter in reddish color, and averages larger in size. Cranially, the incisive foramen is much larger, the audital bullae are slightly larger, and the zygomatic arches are more wide spreading. Range.—So far as known, the region immediately west of the Sierra Juarez, Lower California, Mexico. Measurements.—Iin the table below certain measurements have been used that were quoted by Kellogg in his paper “A Revision of the Microtus californicus Group of Meadow Mice,”* taken from specimens in the Field Museum; and certain of those quoted by Grinnell in his paper “Critical Examination of the Meadow Mice of Lower California,”? taken from specimens in the Museum of Vertebrate Zoology. These measurements, designated in the foot-notes, were used by the writer to increase his mensural comparison of adult M. c. huperuthrus from the Sierra San Pedro Martir. AVERAGE MEASUREMENTS IN MILLIMETERS ez) & © 2 & = lee a 3 a bo a_e {5 & a J 8 z 23 g oe Se |e s| #@|= |B |. | Sele lee | os | 23 |S | ke Zi S| B af fea || Ee | eisai | 4k ys (tS 3 |e Vas MaALEs M. c. aequivocatus 5* | 206.2 | 58.6) 24.8 | 11.6 | 31.7] 27.9] 9.91 18.4) 3.8) 11.4) 7.3 M.c. huperuthrus Bye USO). 33 || S)shel65 || WANS |) TiS) | Bales) || AP) MO | WO |) 33.6} || iS} |) 727 M.c. grinnelli AWS 727 WO) 2420) 222 29274 26:0) S22 Le ON Seal EO} G27, M. c. sanctidiegi DF P7>56i| 9 324n) 2524) E290 2D coal SSG nse LOO 20) FEMALES M.c. aequivocatus ||4 | 206.5 | 56.5 | 25.5 | 12.2 | 32.1 | 28.1 | 10.0) 18.9) 3.7] 11.4] 7.8 M.c. huperuthrus NPI || SLO QE 20) || AXS2) || S33) OLA | AO] SY || TOMS. || AS M. c. grinnelli 4 | 180.2 | 51.4] 24.0) 12.2 | 29.4) 25.6] 8.6] 16.8] 3.6] 10.6) 6.9 M. c. sanctidiegi > | 169.8 | 49.8 | 22.6] 11.4} 28.6] 25.1] 8.6] 16.0) 3.5} 10.4] 6.9 2 Ketioce, R. Univ. Calif. Pub. Zool., Vol. 21, pp. 1-42. 3 GRINNELL, J. Journ. Mammalogy, Vol. 7, No. 3, pp. 221-226. 4 One specimen, MVZ 35874, included. > Two specimens, MVZ 35882 and FM 10740, included. 6 Six specimens, FM 10735-10739 and 10741, included. Hury—New MEApow Mouse 49 Remarks.—The presence of a coastal and a mountain form of meadow mouse in northern Lower California has been well established systematically and nomenclaturally both by Grinnell”? and by Osgood,* but, probably through the lack of specimens from a more northerly locality, the third form here named was not discovered. In the Lower California forms aequivocatus, huperuthrus and grinnelli, the large sized incisive foramen is the only character which is alike in all three and which, incidentally, provides an outstanding difference between the three above mentioned forms and the southern California form sanctidiegi, whose incisive foramen is much smaller. Specimens examined.?—Mucrotus californicus huperuthrus: Lower Califor- nia, Mexico, 9 (La Grulla, Sierra San Pedro Martir | type locality]). Microtus californicus aequivocatus: Lower California, Mexico, 22 (1 from San José, 5 from Las Cabras, 16 from 1 mile east of El Rosario). Microtus californicus grinnelli: Lower California, Mexico, 10 (8 from Sangre de Cristo | type locality |, 2'" from La Grulla near Ensenada). Microtus californicus sanctidiegi: San Diego County, California, 27 (12 from Escondido [type locality], 4 from Adobe Falls, near La Mesa, 11 from Murray Dam, near La Mesa). 7 GRINNELL, J. Op. cit. 8 Oscoop, W. H. Journ. Mammalogy, Vol. 9, No. i, pp. 52-56. 9 Specimens actually at hand, and not measurements taken from publications. 10 Not typical. PHA: AAO) by , ‘ AV I93 TRANSACTIONS OF THE SAN DIEGO SOCIETY OF NATURAL HISTORY Vo. VII, No. 7, pp. 51-52 Aprit 15, 1932 A NEW WHITE-FOOTED MOUSE FROM LOWER CALIFORNIA, MEXICO BY E. W. NELSON AND E. A. GOLDMAN U.S. Bureau of Biological Survey Among mammals recently acquired by the San Diego Society of Natural History are five specimens of white-footed mice of the widely ranging Peromyscus maniculatus group, from a small island in Gonzaga Bay, Lower California. These were believed to be of especial interest by Mr. Laurence M. Huey, Curator of Birds and Mammals, who has gener- ously forwarded them for our use in connection with general studies of the mammals of that region. The specimens are assigned to a new subspecies here described. Peromyscus maniculatus hueyi subsp. nov. GonzaGa Bay WHITE-FOOTED Mouse Type-—From a small unnamed island in Gonzaga Bay, east coast of Lowe: California, Mexico (latitude about 29° 50’). No. 8861, ¢ adult, collection San Diego Society of Natural History, collected by A. W. Anthony, November 21, 1930. Original number 1172. Distribution Known only from the type locality. General characters—A very dark subspecies, most closely allied to Peromys- cus maniculatus coolidgei of southern Lower California and the adjacent main- land, but contrasting strongly in darker color; skull differing in slight details. Also nearly related to P. m. sonoriensis, but much darker with skull somewhat lighter 52 SAN DrgEGo SoclETY OF NATURAL HISTORY in structure. Similar in color to dark phase of P. m. gambeli, but upper parts suffused with gray instead of brownish as usual in that form, and cranial characters distinctive. Color—Type (fresh pelage) : Upper parts in general buffy grayish heavily mixed with black, the black predominating over dorsum; cheeks, shoulders, and sides lighter owing to thinning of dark hairs; under parts white, pure ‘white to roots of hairs on lips aad chin, the basal color plumbeous across abdomen; outer sides of forearms and hind legs buffy grayish or brownish, becoming abruptly white on feet; ears clothed with short black hairs, the margins narrowly but distinctly edged with white; tail sharply bicolor, black above, white below. Skull.—Closely resembling that of P. m. coolidgei, but rather flat, the zygomata slender, and usually less squarely spreading anteriorly; premaxillae usually more attenuate, less deeply interdigitating with frontals; rostrum moder- ately heavy as in coolidgei. Similar to that of P. m. sonoriensis but somewhat lighter in structure. Compared with that of P. m. gambeli the skull is slightly larger with heavier rostrum. Measurements.—T ype: Total length, 168 mm.; tail vertebrae, 75; hind foot, 20. Average of four adult topotypes: 165 (160-170) ; 76 (68-83); 21 (20-21). Skull (type) : Greatest length, 25.3; condylobasal length, 23.3; zygomatic breadth, 12.8; interorbital constriction, 4.2; interparietal, 9.2 x 2; length of nasals, 9.5; maxillary toothrow (alveoli), 4.2. Remarks.—Forms of Peromyscus maniculatus are generally distributed on the islands along the Pacific coast of Lower California, but have not hitherto been found on the islands off the east coast in the Gulf of California. In view of the fact that most small mammals from the arid desert regions of the northeastern part of the Peninsula are very pale, in keeping with the tone of their usual environ- ment, the dark color of P. m. hueyi is surprising. The type was taken on the same day as the type of the canyon mouse, Peromyscus crinitus pallidissimus, recently described by Huey from the same island,! as characterized by extreme pallor. The new form is not very unlike some of the darker examples of P. m. clementis and P. m. catalinae in external appearance, but the skulls indicate no close rela- tionship. Specimens of P. m. sonoriensis from San Felipe, on the mainland north of Gonzaga Bay are darker than usual in that form and suggest possible gradation toward hueyi. Specimens examined.—Five, from the type locality. 1 Trans. San Diego Soc. Nat. Hist., Vol. VI, No. 26, pp. 389-390, Aug. 28, 1931. 4%, FO TRANSACTIONS OF THE SAN DIEGO SOCIETY OF NATURAL HISTORY VotumeE VII, No. 8, pp. 53-84, plates 24, text figs. 1-4 THE EOCENE SIERRA BLANCA LIMESTONE AT THE TYPE LOCALITY IN SANTA BARBARA COUNTY, CALIFORNIA BY MarvVIN FRANCIS KEENAN Leland Stanford Junior University SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA PRINTED FOR THE SOCIETY Aprii 15, 1932 H, Publications of the San Diego Society of Natural History TRANSACTIONS Wolksl, Noa, 190524 Pps 1325 seer cee s8s Pa ae oe ae Ae ee Not available Life Areas of Galstorntai. (2. 0s eee eee by Frank Stephens Address on Books Relating to Geology, Mineral Resources and Palaeontology of California. 2. oe a See eee by A. W. Vogdes Vel. (I, INos2), 190720" Ppp. )2 5-3 sel a ee ce ae Not available A Bibliographical Sketch of Dr. John B. Trask..................--.--------- by A. W. Vogdes Mollusks and Brachiopods Collected in San Diego, Calif................... by F. W. Kelsey INotes/onithe Genus Fialiotisie 2 225g eh rae by Henry Hemphill Phe Gentis¢Enicrintirus. 250.0 ee Aa Sh by A. W. Vogdes Volt TaNos 32 OD Thy Pip 28 503 teow a Se nei ce ares) ANN Soe ee cee Not available The, Honey’ Ants of PointLonga,\Calif 20sec by Percy Leonard Descriptions of Some Varieties of Shells, with Short Notes on the Geographical Range and Means \of Distribution of Land Shells.................- by Henry Hemphill Photographing “Red Snow” in Natural Colors.............-...0---0--+ by Ford A. Carpenter Vol!) 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No, S8April 20192). Pe. 41-5625 ae ee ee a rales eae 25 cents An Annotated List of the Mammals of San Diego County, California 2s Mt 0 A CE eee et ed by Frank Stephens Vol? TiisNo:.4, April: 201192 yt Ppi3 7-69. sc: ee eee 25 cents An Annotated List of the Amphibians and Reptiles of San Diego County. California ng yo) ae noes oe nce aa eee by Frank Stephens NVA. IVE No, 1924: Op: LASS placenhl, Gomer aimee «ue eran $1.60 Palaeozoic Crustacea. Part I—Bibliography of Palaeozoic Crustacea Part II—List of the Genera and Subgenera of the Trilobita Part III—Historical Summary of the Ordovician Genus Gybele: Lower: eke ore kage meatal cathe eee by Anthony Wayne Vogdes Vol. V, No. 1, February 20, 1927. Pp. 1-10, plate 1.....-.....2-2---ecsseseesesesnenene 25 cents A Discussion of the Zonal Status of the Sierra San Pedro Martir, Lower California, Mexico, with Descriptions of a New Kangaroo Rat and a New Woodpecker from that Regicotac oc ei Se eed cates by Laurence M. Huey Vol. V, No. 2, July 14,°1927. Pp. 1140) plates 25.3... <2.n.i.s-cc-s-cteeceewetentoen 35 cents Birds Recorded in Spring at San Felipe, Northeastern Lower California, Mexico, with the Description of a New Woodpecker from that Locality...............2---ssesessseseseeeneaee by Laurence M. Huey Mole Wal Now's) Marella 927. Wa pii4 1-4 teh ies 2a. ote narcetesupeae estore caaeeen ee 15 cents Two New Geometridae from San Diego County, California......by William S. Wright Vol. V, No. 4, March 15, 1927. Pp. 45-64, plates 4-6..........-0-cess--cscnseconensenens 30 cents Foraminifera from the Eocene near San Diego, California............ aude, ae Nw Ren AE rile by Joseph A. Cushman and Marcus A. Hanna VoliiW,.Nood, July-6; 1907. be Pps 65-68. co aceon ae 15 cents A New Kangaroo Rat and a New Brush Rabbit from Lower Califormia,Miexicots oo Te ee arene by Laurence M. Huey Vol. V, No. 6, July/28, 1927... 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Assotrt, Editor THE EOCENE SIERRA BLANCA LIMESTONE AT THE TYPE LOCALITY IN SANTA BARBARA COUNTY, CALIFORNIA BY Marvin FRANCIS KEENAN’ Leland Stanford Junior University TABLE OF CONTENTS Text PAGE Introduction 57 Acknowledgments 57 Previous Work 58 Subjacent Formations 61 The Sierra Blanca limestone 64 Superjacent formations 69 Chemical Analyses 70 Fossils in the limestone at its type locality . 70 Age and correlation . 73 Register of localities . 78 Text figures Fig. 1. Sketch map showing the type locality of the Sierra Blanca lime- stone and some of its correlatives . . ..-.- + + 26 Fig. 2. Map showing areal distribution and field relations of the Sierra Blanca limestone at the type area. Fossil localities indicated DyacEOSSeSg | ci ime amce eM es the. Date | 62 Fig. 3. Chart showing proposed correlation of orbitoid-bearing lime- stones found at several localities in Santa Barbara County, California Bo pe Zs ai A Mae hd eR 74 Fig. 4. Columnar section at the type area of the Sierra Blanca limestone compared with other sections in the central part of California, showing that orbitoid-bearing strata often occur considerably below the top of the Eocene 76 1 Before the completion of this paper, the author was killed in an automobile accident, on December 25, 1931. Most of the text was written and many of the illustrations were ready for publication, but some sections were in the form of notes. The section on systematic paleontology cannot be published, as that part of his work was not completed. I have gone over the manuscript, notes, maps, thin-sections, and illustrations with some of the author's associates, especially Messrs. George L. Richards, Jr., Harry E. Wheeler, P. W. Reinhart, and J. H. McMasters, and herewith present the paper in its original form, as far as possible. Husert G. SCHENCK ‘S9ATJEJAIIOD SII JO IWOs puke aUO sau] BOULTG e4IVIG ay} JO Aqi]e90] adAy ay) Surmoys dew RAS TL ‘SL a LV sree ly Cae eat oat Zeta ae = (266 ILS 7 benjabuu #1" So a c F 2 r) 2 Ay Ay) o2s DQLAG BS ISAS hemo ralk) atte 7 esta es oe aa (906 NS 7) weap 1rbo/ey A ONS Y27 Hjure? DIOG LOT 2, ves a peosyjoo ueeg Sey stiopsaliiy LilJB2G Bes PIBIGIO Y2YM Hoy “ 62yYo207 POLS ey G = ‘BAOGG Ua oYys 2. ; LINZAOS/ TOD pect 2 AD say Oo aS SEL KX ION Yet) ° OE.7E ETE openly We, I wa > LN \ <= Se = AF AN LOO? Bhi memede5 2) ae ; 1g. LS pig HE g TSi% l SSN N > att we ny A y a ys y, 3 : Q : y g ‘, g tS € 2 KEENAN—SIERRA BLANCA LIMESTONE 57 INTRODUCTION The purposes of this paper are to describe one of the few pure, mas- sive limestones known in the Teritary System of the west coast of North America, to show that at its type locality this limestone—the Sierra Blanca—rests upon a Cretaceous formation, and by correlations with other formations to prove that the Sierra Blanca limestone is older than the Tejon (restricted) stage of the Eocene, thereby confirming the opinion of R. N. Nelson, who named the formation. Moreover, the rock is inter- esting paleontologically because it carries abundant orbitoidal and num- mulitoid foraminifers and calcareous algae. Limestones having a similar fossil content are known in other parts of Santa Barbara County, as shown on the map, Figure 1. Reasons are presented for believing that the orbitoid-bearing strata exposed at each of these localities were deposited during middle Eocene time. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The project leading to the publication of this paper was carried on at Stanford University under the direction of Professor Hubert G. Schenck, to whom I am indebted for assistance in field and laboratory. I am also grateful to Dr. R. N. Nelson for suggestions and for numerous thin sec- tions of Eocene limestones from Santa Barbara County. Mr. Nash-Boul- den, Mr. Glenn White, and others of the United States Forest Service cooperated in a most hearty manner. It also gives me pleasure to record herein the discovery of Mr. Leslie Whipple, formerly of the University of California, of orbitoidal limestone on the south side of Mount Diablo, Contra Costa County. His thin sections and other data were kindly placed at my disposal by Professor Bruce L. Clark. To my cousins, especially Clarence R. and Albert C. Mattei, I am indebted for the oppor- tunity to begin and continue the investigation. The field assistance of Messrs. Homer E. Widmann, Harry E. Wheeler, L. M. Clark, L. B. Snedden, and Clifford M. Coffman is gratefully acknowledged. There are many others who have offered valuable suggestions and otherwise assisted in the prosecution of the work, and I wish to acknowledge their kindnesses. 58 1856. 1894. 1918. ERS 1923. 1975. San Disco Society oF NATURAL HISTORY Previous Work ANTISELL, THomas, U. S. Pac. R. R. Repts., Vol. 7, pt. 2, pp. 65-74; p. 200, pl. III. Notes on the topography, structure, and lithology of the “Santa Barbara Mountains.” He gives two fossil lists (p. 73), one from the north side of the Santa Ynez Mountains (in the Santa Ynez Valley), and the other from the south side of the Santa Ynez Mountains, in the Gaviota Pass. Antisell thought it probable that the strata of the San Rafael Mountains were similar to those of the Santa Ynez. Farrpanks, H. W., Geology of Northern Ventura, Santa Barbara, San Benito, San Luis Obispo, and Monterey Counties; Twelfth Ann. Rept. Calif. State Min. Bur., pp. 493-526, 17 text figures. Discusses stratigraphy of area between the San Rafael and Santa Ynez Mountains (pp. 498-506). Fairbanks says (p. 498), “The Santa Ynez (Range) is formed, as far as is known, of Miocene rocks exclusively.” Haw ey, Henry J., Geology and Paleontology of a Portion of the Santa Ynez Range, California; Thesis for the M. A. degree, Stanford University, Calif. This manuscript describes in particular the Cretaceous fossils and stratigraphy of the Gaviota Pass region, as well as the overlying Eocene rocks. The youngest Eocene beds with Turritella lompocensis Arnold (equals T. variata Conrad) he designated “upper Tejon.” Kew, Wituiam S. W., Geology of a Part of the Santa Ynez River Dis- trict, Santa Barbara County, California; Univ. Calif. Publ. Bull. Dept. Geol. Sci., Vol. 12, No. 1, pp. 1-21, 2 pls., 2 text figures. This paper mentions a limestone bed “. . . traced from east of Blue Canyon to Oso Creek.” The same limestone occurs in the syn- cline which lies immediately north of the Santa Ynez River in the vicinity of Mono Creek. A faunal list from a locality immediately east of Oso Creek furnishes evidence upon which to propose a Miocene age for this limestone. (This has, however, proven to be an Eocene rock). IsrAELSKY, MERLE C., Note on the Fossil Content of the San Rafael Limestone of the San Rafael Mountains, Santa Barbara County, California; Science, n. s., Vol. 58, No. 1505 (Title only). IsrAELSKY, Mere C., Some New Forms of West Coast Fossil Echi- noidea; Univ. Calif. Publ. Bull. Dept. Geol. Sci., Vol. 14, No. 11, pp. 377-396, pls. 69-74, 1923. . Gives descriptions of several new fossil echinoids. Two new Eocene species, Linthia sanrafaelensis and Amblypygus subhemis- phericus are the first of their respective genera to be reported from KEENAN—SIERRA BLANCA LIMESTONE 59 California. These specimens were collected by R. N. Nelson from a limestone in the San Rafael Mountains, Santa Barbara County, Cali- fornia, where they were associated with Campanile, sp. 1925. Netson, RicHarp N., Geology of the Hydrographic Basin of the Upper Santa Ynez River, California; Univ. Calif. Publ. Bull. Dept. Geol. Sci., Vol. 15, No. 10, pp. 327-396, 1925. Of particular interest here is the discussion of the “Hocene Series of Upper Mono Creek.” Of this series Nelson writes (p. 350): “A great thickness of strata which includes a limestone member, largely built up of Eocene genera of orbitoid foraminifera, overlies the un- differentiated Cretaceous in the northeastern part of the district. With the exception of the foraminifera and a few indeterminate species of oysters, no other fossils have been found in this group. No orbitoid foraminifera have been described from any of the Eocene horizons of California so they are, as yet, of no value in local correlation. Because * of this absence of a definite means of correlation, the post-Cretaceous strata of upper Mono Creek have been separated into lithologic sub- divisions which have been given local names. From the bottom upwards these are: Indian conglomerate, Mono shale, Sierra Blanca limestone, and undifferentiated Eocene.” 1928. CartTwRIGHT, Lon D., Sedimentation of the Pico Formation; Bull. Amer. Assoc. Pet. Geol., Vol. 12, No. 3, pp. 235-269, March, 1928. Notes the occurrence of Lithothamnium limestone pebbles in the conglomerate of the Lower Pico (Pliocene) beds (p. 257). Associated with the alga Lithothamnium are numerous fossil frag- ments of pelecypods and some of the smaller foraminifera. These pebbles were probably derived immediately from Sespe conglomerates and ultimately from Meganos strata. “The discovery of Lithothamnium limestone in California was’ made by H. G. Schenck during a reexamination of organic limestone described by R. N. Nelson (Univ. of Calif. Dept. of Geol. Bull., Vol. 15, No. 10 (1925, p. 352), who mapped its occurrence in the upper Santa Ynez River basin and considered it of Meganos (Eocene) age. The discovery was announced in a joint paper by H. G. Schenck and R. N. Nelson, presented before the Le Conte Geological Club, Mar. 6, 1926.” 1928. Netson, R. N. and ScHencx, H. G., Calcareous Algae in Pacific Coast Limestones; Bull. Geol. Soc. Amer., Vol. 39, p. 266, March, 1928 (Abstract) . Notes of recognition of Lithothamnium in Eocene limestones of the Santa Ynez Mountains. 1928. Kerr, Pauw F., and Schenck, Hubert G., Significance of the Matilija Overturn; Bull. Geol. Soc. Amer., Vol. 39, pp. 1087-1102, 4 figures. The Tejon formation is divided into three members; Matilija 60 SAN Drsco Society OF NATURAL History sandstone (lowermost), Cozy Dell shale (middle), and Coldwater sandstone (uppermost Eocene), overlain by the Sespe formation. (Subsequent work shows that the Matilija sandstone rests on Domengine shale and also that the three members of the Tejon can be traced to the western Santa Ynez Range and are stratigraphically above orbitoid-bearing limestones) . 1929. ScHenck, Husert G., Discocyclina in California; Trans. San Diego Soc. Nat. Hist., Vol. V, No. 14, pp. 211-240, pls. 27-30, figs. 1-10, Feb. 27, 1929. Discusses the occurrence of Discocyclina in California and describes several species of this genus, including one new species. He recognizes, for the first time, stellate orbitoids in western North America. Discocyclina from the Sierra Blanca limestone is of particu- lar interest. Associated fossils (p. 221) include Archaeolithotham- nium, Lithophyllum, bryozoans, mollusks, Globigerina and others of the smaller Foraminifera. First recognition of Archaeolithothamnium in the Eocene rocks of western North America. 1930. Netson, R. N. and Scuenck, H. G., Eocene Algae and Stellate Orbi- toids from the Santa Ynez Range, California; Pan American Geolo- gist, Vol. LIV, No. 3, Oct. 1930, p. 240 (Summary statement). Correlation of limestone in Jalama Creek with Sierra Blanca limestone. Ibid; Bull. Geol. Soc. Amer., Vol. 42, No. 1, p. 371, March, 1931, (Abstract). 1930. Wooprinc, W. P., Upper Eocene Orbitoid Foraminifera from the Western Santa Ynez Range, California, and their Stratigraphic Significance; Trans. San Diego Soc. Nat. Hist., Vol. VI, No. 4, pp. 145-170, pl. 13-17, July 12, 1930. Describes a new species of Discocyclina and a new species of Actinocyclina collected from a limestone lense in a shale series located in Cafiada de los Sauces, about two miles southwest of Sudden, Guadalupe Quadrangle, Santa Barbara County, California. The stratigraphic sequence at this locality is given. The limestone carries calcareous algae, foraminifers, echinoid spines, and a few mollusks. This series of beds is overlain disconformably by Vaqueros conglom- erate and sandstone carrying “Pecten” magnolia and Turritella imezand. A collection was made in Jalama Creek, about 10 miles southeast of Cafiada de los Sauces, on the north slope of western Santa Ynez Range. Figures of rock sections cut at random are given. These show sections of Actinocyclina aster Woodring and Discocyclina psila Woodring. The beds carrying the orbitoid-bearing limestones are correlated. KEENAN—SIERRA BLANCA LIMESTONE 61 with the Turritella variata beds in the region of Gaviota Pass which he shows lie at the top of the Tejon section and carry a peculiar Pacific fauna characterized by Turritella variata, “Crassatellites” collina, Venericardia hornii, and others. 1931. Crark, L. M., Additional Notes on the Stratigraphy of the Santa Ynez Mountains; Bull. Amer. Assoc. Pet. Geol., Vol. 15, Jan. 1931 (Title only). At the meeting of the above mentioned association, Clark pre- sented evidence to show that the Turritella variata zone (disputed Oligocene-Eocene fauna) is stratigraphically younger (more than 3300 feet above) the orbitoid-bearing limestones found in the region of Jalama Creek and in the region of Nojoqui Creek (about 2 miles east of Hill 1921). The speaker believed that the Turritella variata zone of the western Santa Ynez is the same as the Coldwater sandstone of the eastern Santa Ynez Range. This paper is referred to by Woodring in his 1931 paper. 1931. Wooprinc, W. P., Upper Eocene Orbitoidal Foraminifera from the Santa Ynez Range, California; Bull. Geol. Soc. Amer., Vol. 42, No. 1, Mar. 1931, p. 370 (An abstract of the author’s 1930 paper, see above). 1931. Wooprine, W. P., Age of the Orbitoid-bearing Eocene Limestone and Turritella variata zone of the Western Santa Ynez Range, California; Trans. San Diego Soc. Nat. Hist., Vol. VI, No. 25, pp. 371-388, 1931. The author points out that his correlation of the orbitoid-bearing limestone beds (carrying stellate “Orthophragmina”’) with the Tur- ritella variata zone, of the Gaviota region in Santa Barbara County, is erroneous. He considers the discoidal “Orthophragmina” to be a more reliable indicator of age than the stellate form, and again states his belief that Discocyclina psila Woodring is closely allied to D. purpus- illa Vaughan, a Mexican species from beds referred to middle Eocene. SuUBJACENT FORMATIONS The strata that underlie the Sierra Blanca limestone were separated into lithologic units and given local names by R. N. Nelson.” In ascend- ing order, these are: Undifferentiated Cretaceous, Indian conglomerate, and Mono shale. These beds dip to the northeast at angles varying from 25°. ta 60° Hig 2): 2 Netson, R. N., Geology of the Hydrographic Basin of the Upper Santa Ynez River, California; Univ. Calif. Publ. Bull. Dept. Geol. Sci., Vol. 15, No. 10, pp. 327-396, pl. 45-48, 1925; p. 343, pp. 350-352. *sassoJo 4q pazeorpur sarqyero] jisso.y “eare addy ay) ye quo sau] KUL] eIIVIG aYI JO suoNejes pjay pue uoNNqmasip jeare Surmoys dep ‘7317 SNOBIDjZ249 fyjestydové YOUS Cove hoi jo 2002 (eee 72H ost, (wogay) gy 2uo207 Yo .FO5/ She | “ pyejenapypty — Pee yt Gales Ouapy y Fue Ubipy 2 CF2HY CO) 9 YS CLiALy 2027 @ sx2w207 Wssoy LOL Kom —---— moOWIKNCRCEY — wLe woe SLI F FY APOLINALS srearajary [77] BLe2D: 7 augers (1 EZ Co padbuup f FONOILELSIOS Lia ms ONFOIT7 20h) GOPRE YSOOS (AIAfLY MNOZLIOD FIONMAOMID ZINK BUNES :UOlf 4ydb bode, mdys waygy app pow “ipu2e IY “4 Lr hy bhojoap a ew do) ALNIOD LreaergGayg SLNES CIOL FAKAL FHL LY INOLSFIL/7 PINE 79 HAC AIS, ee) SLL NOSILDGIALSIG KEENAN—SIERRA BLANCA LIMESTONE 63 Undifferentiated Cretaceous. Nelson’s Undifferentiated Cretaceous series is made up of 7700 feet of arkosic sandstone beds, in places alter- nating with beds of shale. The upper part of this series is composed of arkosic sandstones which are sharply separated from the overlying Indian conglomerate beds, but with no apparent discordance in dip. Several specimens of Opis triangulata (Cooper) were reported by Nelson from a locality in Indian Canyon.’ Nelson points out that this is the same species that occurs in the Chico formation in the Santa Ana Mountains of southern California, and that the presence of this species together with Inoceramus, found in Mono Creek, shows that most of the upper part of the Undifferentiated Cretaceous belongs to the Chico for- mation. Indian conglomerate. The Indian conglomerate is well described by Nelson.’ It is best developed in Indian Canyon, where its thickness of about 750 feet was measured by the writer. It thins and lenses out along its strike both east and west from this locality. Nelson traced the Indian conglomerate as far east as Mono Creek. No beds of cemented conglom- erate, of the character of those found in Indian Canyon, were found to be present between the headwaters of Buckhorn Creek (3 miles west of Indian Canyon) and the East Fork of Santa Cruz Creek. However, a band of loose boulders, gravel, and sand outcrops along the top of the ridge at the head of Buckhorn Creek. This band is about one-eighth of a mile wide, and extends for about a mile in a general east-west direction. The boulders are similar in composition to those found in the Indian con- glomerate and this outcrop may represent the uncemented or weathered equivalent of the latter. The Indian conglomerate is sharply separated from, but appears to be conformable with, the underlying Chico sandstones. It grades upward into a massive, buff, arkosic sandstone, which, in turn, grades into a gray, sandy shale. The contact between the Indian conglomerate and the over- lying Mono “shale” is drawn at the top of the conglomerate beds. Nelson considered the Indian conglomerate and the Mono shale to be a part of a conformable series which includes the Sierra Blanca limestone. Assum- ing the Eocene age of the limestone by the presence of “Orthophragmina,” he placed the base of the Indian conglomerate as the lower limit of the Eocene series of this region. 3 NEtson, R.N., Op. cit., p. 346. 4 Netson, R.N., Op. cit., p. 350. 64 SAN D1EGo Society oF NATURAL HIsTory Mono shale. The Mono shale is best developed in Mono Canyon, from which locality it was described by Nelson.” For a distance of about 3 miles to the west of Mono Creek, the Mono shale is constant in charac- ter, but one-half of a mile to the east of Indian Creek the shale beds grade both laterally and stratigraphically into massive sandstone beds. The character of the Mono “shale” on the west side of Indian Creek is illus- trated in Plate 2, figure 2. The total thickness of the Mono shale in Indian Creek is 1650 feet. Here, the top 120 feet are made up of gray shale and fine-grained gray sandstone, while the basal 1530 feet are massive, coarse- grained sandstones. The gray-shale facies of this member (Fig. 2) immediately underlies the Sierra Blanca limestone, in varying thicknesses, for the entire distance that the latter formation is exposed. Two specimens of ammonites, two specimens of Inoceramus sp. indet., an Acila (Truncacila) sp., and numerous fragmentary Incceramus prisms were discovered in the Mono shale less than 100 feet stratigraphi- cally below the base of the Sierra Blanca limestone. These fossils were found in dark-colored, calcareous concretions in the gray-shale facies in the upper part of the Mono shale member at L.S.J.U. Locality 937.° One of the ammonites was too poorly preserved for generic identification. The other, however, was determined by Dr. Frank M. Anderson’ as Desmoce- ras, similar to an undescribed species of Desmoceras from the lower Chico. This paleontologic evidence, therefore, points to the Cretaceous (Chico) age of the Indian conglomerate and Mono shale, formations heretofore considered to be Eocene in age. THE SIERRA BLANCA LIMESTONE The Sierra Blanca limestone® was named, described, and partially > Netson, R. N., Op. cit., p. 352. 6 A description of this locality will be found in the Register of Fossil Localities, p. 78. 7 Honorary Curator, Department of Paleontology, California Academy of Science, San Francisco, California. 8 WitMarTH, Grace M., Names and Definitions of the Geologic Units of California; U. S. Geol. Survey Bull. 826, p. 81, 1931. The Chairman, Committee on Geologic Names of the United States Geological Survey, informed Hubert G. Schenck, by letter dated October 27, 1930, that “In 1920 (Am. Jour. Sci., 4th ser., Vol. 50, p. 417) D. R. Semmes loosely applies the term Sierra Blanca series to the Upper Cretaceous and Eocene (?) rocks of the Sierra Blanca Basin, New Mexico. As these rocks are divisible into several formations, it seems unlikely that Semmes’s name will ever be used again, and this Survey would not consider it a barrier to the use of Sierra Blanca limestone for the Eocene formation of Santa Barbara County, California, to which it has been applied by Nelson.” KEENAN—SIERRA BLANCA LIMESTONE 65 mapped by R. N. Nelson.? This formation is located on the south side of the San Rafael Mountains, in the southeasterly portion of the Santa Ynez Quadrangle, Santa Barbara County, California. Here it out- crops as a massive, grayish-white, highly fossiliferous, evenly bedded limestone which dips normally to the northeast at angles varying from 50 to 60 degrees. Natives of the Santa Ynez Valley and vicinity refer to this formation as the “White Ledge.” It is conspicuously exposed on the south side of Sierra Blanca Mountain (Plate 2, figure 1), which is one and one- half miles southwest of Loma Pelona as shown on the U. S. Geological Survey topographic map. At its most easterly exposure, the limestone pinches out between shale beds, as pointed out by Nelson. From this point its outcrop is con- tinuous for a distance of about 7 miles to the northwest, to a point in the east fork of Santa Cruz Creek, where it is cut off by faulting. Nelson tentatively mapped approximately 2 miles of this formation west of Indian Creek. This portion was re-mapped by the writer and the most westerly portion was mapped for the first time. A water-gap through the limestone at Indian Creek exposes a thick- ness of 225 feet of this formation and affords an excellent locality for collecting samples. This locality, therefore, is taken as the type locality of the Sierra Blanca limestone (L.S.J.U. loc. 930), and the section as measured here is presented in Figure 2, page 62. The upper 65 feet of the Sierra Blanca limestone at its type locality consists of dark gray, granular, evenly bedded strata varying in thickness from 6 inches to 2 feet. Sandy, buff-colored beds up to a foot thick occur near the top and appear to grade into the overlying series of sandstones and shales (Nelson’s Undifferentiated Eocene).'° Grains of glauconite and of limonite are found disseminated throughout this upper portion of the limestone. Fossils are very abundant. The recognizable larger fossils include plates and ambulacta of echinoderms, small brachiopods similar to the genus Terebratalia, oyster shell fragments, and a single specimen of a shark’s tooth (Isurus?). The tests of fossil micro-organisms make up the greater part of the calcium carbonate in the rock. They include Dis- cocyclina psila Woodring, Robulus sp. indet., Globigerina sp., Nodosaria sp., a bi-serial foraminifer and also a coiled form which is taken to be a nummulitoid foraminifer, bryozoans, and some calcareous algae. 9 Netson, R.N., Op. cit., pp. 352-354. 10 Netson, R.N., Op. cit., p. 354. 66 San Dreco Socrety oF NATURAL History The remaining 160 feet are composed of dense, fine-grained buff to white-colored, almost pure limestone characterized by its high content of calcareous algae. There are occasional beds of terrigenous limestone and variations in the fossil content. With one or two exceptions, the beds grade into one another stratigraphically. The paleontologic characteristics of the limestone as a whole may be summarized as follows: (Top of Section) Division A. 0-60 feet: Discocyclina psila Woodring predominates. Algae constitute a very minor part of the fossils present. Brachiopods, echinoderms, and oyster shell fragments are present in the upper portion. Division B. 60-115 feet: Algae, Discocyclina psila Woodring, and smaller Foraminifera in dense, fine-grained limestone. Division C. 155-225 feet: Algae predominate. No orbitoidal Foraminifera ob- served. Other characteristics of rock similar to that in Division B. The following is a more detailed description of the lithologic and paleontologic characteristics of the Sierra Blanca limestone as shown from a study of the rock in random-cut thin sections and polished surfaces of samples taken from a section measured at the type locality (Fig. 2). The character of the rock is gradational stratigraphically and the description of the section which follows is, therefore, that of typical limestone sam- ples taken from points an indicated number of feet below the top of the limestone. Depth in feet below top of limestone Division A. Top of limestone (overlain by and grading into Nelson’s lWaditierentiated\Eocene!!). 22. .s4 0 wee 0 ile Beds of buff-colored, very sandy, fossiliferous limestone varying in thickness from 6 inches to 2 feet are found inter- bedded with beds of dark-gray, granular, fossiliferous lime- stone, of similar thicknesses, which weather to a light-gray, sandy surface. Rounded to angular grains of glauconite and limonite occur disseminated throughout the rock. Some of the smaller foraminiferal shells are filled with glauconite. Fossil content is characterized by brachiopods similar to the genus 11 Netson, R.N., Op. cit., p. 354. Ww KEENAN—SIERRA BLANCA LIMESTONE Terebratalia, echinoid spines and plates, fragments of oyster shells, fragments of bryozoans, and many foraminifers. The most abundant fossil is Discocyclina psila Woodring, which in certain thin beds makes up the major part of the rock ma- terial. Other foraminifers observed include a coiled form similar to Amphistegina ot Operculina sp., Nodosaria, a biserial form, Globigerina, Robulus, and Nonion (?) ......-..--- Fine-grained, almost non-fossiliferous beds of brown-gray limestone containing grains of glauconite and limonite............ Sandy, buff to cream colored, highly fossiliferous, glau- conitic limestone. A specimen of an echinoid (Linthia sanra- faelensis Israelsky?) was found imbedded in the rock, parallel to the bedding plane and with the ambulacral side up, an indication that the beds are dipping normally... Gray-brown, fine-grained, sandy limestone containing glauconite in rounded to subangular grains. Fossil content characterized by numerous Discocyclina psila, fragments of macroscopic shells, foraminifers (Nodosaria, Globigerina), and occasional fragments of calcareous algae.........-.--.------------- Gray to gtay-brown, granular, dense limestone which weathers light-gray in color. Some beds contain rounded sili- ceous pebbles up to 5 mm. in diameter. Small amounts of glauconite grains are found throughout. Fossils are not abund- ant; Globigerina, Nonion (?), and a biserial foraminifer are the genera making up the greater part of the fossils hetes.. DrvIsIon B. 6. fic 11. Buff to brown, even-grained, granular limestone character- ized by a few Discocyclina psila. Other forms rare...........--..-- Almost white, dense, very fine-grained limestone which weathers to a smooth, gray-colored surface. Algae are most abundant, but many Discocyclina psila are present, together with other Foraminifera including the coiled form similar to Ampbhistegina or Operculina. Lithology in marked contrast with the beds above this point in the section...........-------------------- Brown-gray, very dense, highly fossiliferous pure limestone characterized by numerous Discocyclinas and other Foram- Pipe (erezi 2, RL Cat NC eG Spe ee ee Oe eee ene eee Coarse-grained, algal limestone with a few Discocyclinas Fine-grained, dense, buff-colored limestone. Very pure. Matrix made up of yellowish mealy particles. Algae and Fonamumaihenaypteseut-sarth es aes eee et cs tecdeeoee A bed of terrigenous, friable, glauconitic, dark-gray lime- stone 1 foot thick occurs at this horizon. This bed is sharply differentiated from the massive, cream-gray pure limestone 67 10 13 25 3 62 65 79 WS: 87 68 12. 13. ee 1D: SAN Drgco Society OF NATURAL HISTORY beds above and below it. Fossil content characterized by frag- ments of algae, Discocyclina and other Foraminifera............-..- Dense, fine-grained, buff-colored limestone. Matrix of yellowish to buff-colored, mealy material, with some feldspar grains. Weathers to buff-gray smooth surface. Algae predomi- nate among the fossils, with Bryozoa abundant and Discocy- clina and Robulus outstanding among the Foraminifera._..._.... Buff-gray, dense, fine-grained limestone. Fossil content characterized by numerous Discocyclina which make up the greater portion of the rock. Algae second in importance, fol- lowed by smaller Foraminifera, such as Robulus and Globigerina Dense, buff-cream to gray limestone similar to last de- sctibed portion of section with the exception of the fossil content. Here algae constitute practically all of the material of the rock. Discocyclina and other Foraminifera few.........--.-- General lithologic character of rock similar to that just described. Algae constitute the greater part of the material of the limestone. No Discocyclina observed. Robulus, a biserial foraminifer, and fragments of Bryozoa occur here............----.----- DIvISsION C. 16. 7. 18. 19% 20. 2K. 22, 23. Dense, pure, buff-cream, fine-grained limestone character- ized by many algae, Discocyclina and other Foraminifera........ Buff to gray, dense, fine-grained limestone. Occasional grains of glauconite and limonite found along with numerous Discocyclina, algae, Bryozoa, and smaller Foraminifera............ Dense limestone of the character described above, contain- ing numerous algae and few Discocyclind.......---.---+---0----10------~- Dense, fine-grained, buff-gray, pure limestone. . Fossil con- tent characterized by numerous algae. Specimens of Discocyclina appear to be lacking. Biserial foraminifers, Robulussand, others are present) | . — i; —— s© 22007 a ~. Wh SS DL we” OG Sesuey sy Yin i Soon e GY BS/1L2E7| eran ee & YS ouosoy 3 Oe f SOS ee 9 eS oe 6 SS sosuay °S/ per aes (au22olpy, ) OA OY IIE yin eye [MYLO \ sovon oy Re hE ofA) BLO S) =. «OCLS 4 : : 5: q % 8 “le : S @ . POISI 2ueZ Dip/teA ff // LENS, OFJOLT Pf Hee 27 youg ww aunsodxa (82921 C66 I-Lotd You 2 (222 OF, 7) oualsplies Per eee 2Go vais plas 8 Ike SNE i entesoe \ at VN . Y : "SnOUsPAOD SS) é x Vo: NIH 4] Ss yo seag sats 9 ") * > VLa 8 Q N VS] vy HL g XY Oo} /eversesre nN Ny Ny ay : Na Q USS Pl ys Bold : Se yal yes y Single SN (29v2207)| \ ~q ) o | & RY Ss 3 ah (22207) j Sy Q & Xx] OHS y as ‘ svolspuas yo|% 9 (242207 ) 0 § SRS es ) . ) * 7a ae as 9 0 Ne d 3 9 y Qs Vo 62s Fad S| cosugy souree:| ¥ : y 3 Nay N g eS onrssopy/ |9 8 7 y A x \ % 3 NN | i 5 o YM YOks” S evg/spuos b S8 = 8 ne B N Q BAISSOLL x 8 g 3 ) > * NS iS 2% Y SS NS ‘smousoA2) Bae a Ry 3 ti \ a Ny 2 Rau ® vy 5.4 Ry S s, : AR Be] ya: N ‘ Q Se hy q R} RVD x | YON NY /2 Sh R] gs SS » : ; “ s8 t 8 seh A 8 24/220 ”) & N a | Ss ge Sie en hy Vy ( 7) s Ah hosp & 2 9 suYSBLES . Ry q en) 9 SS 9 3 8 eee 4 RS sy oF & os 3 8 3 g x ‘ “ 9 7) v : E 4 e a & + 5 x = POS 7) V4 7 we YOUN LL LAD SCY yeyP aed e ee ae OLLIOD LOGE) Ss. 14f PNOLSIWI7T on vONnY’ 7g LLL HMaaaAD 24a AeA Lie = 5 perbeorae rivvrs KEENAN—SIERRA BLANCA LIMESTONE ID Fig. 3) has been discussed by Woodring.** The unconformity at the base of the Vaqueros (Miocene) formation is worthy of especial note. The Jalama Creek section (Loc. III, Fig. 1 and Column III, Fig. 3) also presented valuable evidence for the correlation of the limestones. I am indebted to Mr. L. M. Clark for the following data: Fossiliferous upper Cretaceous beds with Baculites and Trigonia are overlain with possible unconformity by 300 feet of coarse sandstone, which, in turn, is overlain by 400 feet of shale with lenses of limestone at the base. These limestone lenses contain Actinocyclina and Discocyclina like those from the type locality of Woodring’s species (see Plate 3, fig. 4). Above the shale are 3300 feet of massive Eocene sandstones and shales, which are overlain by Coldwater (Eocene) sandstone. The sequence of formations in Nojoqui Creek (Loc. IV, Fig. 1 and Column IV, Fig. 3) are, according to L. M. Clark, as follows: Upper Cretaceous shales are unconformably overlain by coarse sandstone 10 to 75 feet thick, and conformably above this are shale beds with orbitoidal limestone lenses, aggregating 200 feet in thickness. Above the shale are 800 feet of cavernous-weathered, massive Eocene sandstone from which Globularia hannibali—pointing to a Domengine age—has been obtained. Still higher stratigraphically are 2300 feet of sandstone and shale beds, also of Eocene age. The much-disputed Turritella variata-bearing sand- stones, in fault contact with these beds, are succeeded unconformably by Vaqueros (lower Miocene) strata. Orbitoidal limestone in Cachuma Creek (Loc. V, Fig. 1 and Column V, Fig. 3) rests on the Franciscan formation and is overlain by Eocene rocks attaining a thickness of at least 1500 feet. The limestone is exposed at L.S.J.U. loc. 1106 (equals RNN 3-11) and carries abundant calcare- ous algae, Actinocyclina, and Discocyclina, of the same species as found at Cafiada de los Sauces (Plate 3, fig. 3). Even if the above evidence were not sufficiently in favor of the middle Eocene age of the Sierra Blanca limestone, additional occurrences of orbitoid-bearing Eocene rocks elsewhere in California should be convinc- ing. On the south side of Mount Diablo, Contra Costa County, there is a thick section of Eocene strata which has been described by several geologists, the latest being B. L. Clark, who classified certain of the strata as “Meganos”.”” At the base of these “Meganos” strata, Mr. Leslie 25 Crark, B. L., The Stratigraphic and Faunal Relationships of the Meganos Group, Middle Eocene of California; Jour. Geol., Vol. 29, 1921, p. 140. “IUIDOF 943 fo do ey MOT9q Ajqesaptsuod 4In350 uajjfo eyeqs Surseaq-proyqso yey Surmoys “erusopiyey) jo qred [e43U25 94} UI SUOT}IIS 42410 Yam paazeduios 9uO SOUT] PIUET PIIBS 943 jo Pore adA 94} qe UOTIS TeuuIn oO") ra ‘Sq YE6G/ woLa2r SL 5 ae Q S DAZLUUIMOAOS /RBPIOLGIQ) Yf/A4 cvozL4t0Y C3afo7(pi) Hh YY IBLIL vada? ADE = AO So £2779 Sof | a MWOSLSILM LY WDLYG Bw4elsS (po 410207 edly —S———oas na > nO A— 7 onl )\] Sta eet ID DO SNOLLITS™ PENLI) TOD SO -OFO/ ‘ o00z BO TIF EI TY TOPS DE TAS ORT, GLOUNTEY BYOYPANG Pf ATIIL Jo FOZ u2bhpy eh OGL THE TIS) TPR DBI TOIT JO FZO. NOLL IDIOT x LINZOS1 THO x x ok Sf vo 4 » Sian SLI XION/ n 4 h Se Xe N : SE |S SS iS ~ S q Or BA x wR SiN SOM 7THOD 10 LNCS "JOA STTA VV aes 5 > N Q YON/I7THOD IO HLAON "AD PMONFINOG TIA N ee > 9 7O FAS HLOAOES ‘O7TGAIT LL/ TK ALITLIOZ FAAL % PTIRL AMET ET SA Ls Mpa SNOILIIES BWNLINIOD 10 NOSIZLALNOD KEENAN—SIERRA BLANCA LIMESTONE TE Whipple discovered orbitoidal limestone*®*, and through the courtesy of Professor B. L. Clark the locality description and thin sections were turned over to the writer, who later, with H. G. Schenck, measured the section (L.S.J.U. loc. 986) represented graphically in Fig. 4, Column VII. Although the mollusks collected from the sandstones above the orbitoidal limestone show that the formation is younger than the Meganos formation at its type area, there is little question but that the limestone is older than Tejon as restricted by post-1916 usage. Discocyclina-bearing rocks from the Eocene of the west side of the San Joaquin Valley, California, north of Coalinga, together with a strat- graphic section, are available through the courtesy of Mr. P. W. Reinhart (Fig. 4, Col. VIIL.). No stellate orbitoid was found. Discocyclina clarki (Cushman) is common in the so-called Meganos (Turritella andersoni- bearing strata), but was not found in the Domengine sandstone, as restricted by B. L. Clark. South of Coalinga, along Reef Ridge, the Avenal sandstone (or Domengine of Clark) carries Discocyclina clarki, according to von Estorff,** whose generalized geologic column, supple- mented by personal notes, is presented as Column IX, Fig. 4. Summarizing the data available, it is seen that the Sierra Blanca limestone at its type area is younger than Chico (upper Cretaceous) and older than Temblor (middle Miocene). Correlatives of the limestone are either slightly older than or the same age as the Domengine sandstone and younger than Chico. On the basis of the evidence at hand, therefore, the writer places the age of the Sierra Blanca limestone as middle Eocene, in the sense that it is younger than the Martinez formation (Paleocene or lower Eocene) and older than the Tejon formation as exposed at its type locality and, therefore, probably older than the Bartonian and Ludian ages, of European usage. The Sierra Blanca limestone may have been deposited during either upper Meganos or lower Domengine time. 26 The reader should bear in mind that all the rocks herein referred to as “limestone” vary greatly in purity; none approaches certain samples of the type Sierra Blanca limestone in high degree of purity. 27 During the study of the specimens of Discocyclina from the Sierra Blanca limestone, the writer made thin sections of numerous topotypes of Discocyclina clarki (Cushman). After considerable difficulty, he was able to detect the essential morphologic features, and is able to state with assurance that Discocyclina clarki is not a Pseudophragmina. 28 von Estorrr, Fritz E., Kreyenhagen Shale at the Type Locality, Fresno County, California; Bull. Amer. Ass. Petr. Geol., Vol. 14, No. 9, 1930, p. 1326. 78 SAN Dtgco SocliETY OF NATURAL History REGISTER OF LOCALITIES L:S:)-U. Localities: 356 aT. 930 il 932 934 936 OFF, Lompoc Quad.; 4% miles N. 44° W. of the Point Conception light house, Santa Barbara County, California. Eocene orbitoidal lime- stone, collected by W. S. W. Kew, H. L. Driver, and W. P. Woodring. Guadalupe Quad.; in Caftada de los Sauces, 1.1 miles from railroad track, or 5.0 miles S. 82.5° E. of Pt. Arguello light house. Eocene orbitoidal limestone collected by W. S. W. Kew, H. L. Driver and W. P. Woodring. Santa Ynez Quad.; at intersection of Indian Creek with limestone beds which dip to the north; about 4 miles south of Big Pine Mountain. U. S. G. S. topographic map location: 27 mm. south and 13 mm. east of intersection of Long. 119° 40’ W. and Lat. 34° 40’ N. Sierra Blanca limestone. Fauna: Foraminifera, echinoids, mol- lusks, brachiopods, etc. Flora: Algae. Collected by M. F. Keenan, Sept., 1930. (identical with R.N.N. 4-25). Santa Ynez Quad.; just north of the Sierra Blanca limestone, in the north bank of the south fork of the westerly branch of Indian Creek. U. S. G. S. topographic map location: 17 mm. south and 1 mm. east of intersection of Long. 119° 40’ West and Lat. 34° 40’ N. Miocene (Temblor). Fauna: Pecten lompocensis, etc. Collected by M. F. Keenan, Sept., 1930. Santa Ynez Quad.; at intersection of fork of Indian Creek with the northerly part of the Sierra Blanca limestone. U. S. G. S. topo- graphic map location: 24 mm. south and 9 mm. east of intersection of Long 119° 40’ W. and Lat. 34° 40’ N. Sierra Blanca limestone. Fossils: Foraminifera. Collected by M. F. Keenan, Sept., 1930. Coalinga Quad.; west central part of SW of NWZ of SW of Sec. 29, T. 18 S., R. 15 E., Mt. Diablo B. L. & M. Top of dark-gray clay shale, just north of Domengine Creek. Eocene (Meganos of Clark, 1926). Fauna: Foraminifera. Collected by P. W. Rein- hart, April, 1931. Santa Ynez Quad.; on hillside just north of East Fork of Santa Cruz Creek, on line of Lat. 34° 40’ N. and 15 cm. from eastern border of quadrangle, measured on U. S. G. S. topographic map. Siliceous shale; Miocene (Temblor). Fossils: Foraminifera. Collected by M. F. Keenan, 1931. Santa Ynez Quad.; just below top of ridge on north slope of hill (Forest Service road will make a cut and fill over the locality). U. S. G. S. topographic map location: 22 mm. west and 15 mm. south of intersection of Long. 119° 40’ W. and Lat 34° 40’ N. Cretaceous. Fossils: ammonites. Collected by M. F. Keenan and H. E. Wheeler, March, 1931. K&EENAN—SIERRA BLANCA LIMESTONE 79 938 Santa Ynez Quad.; located on U. S. G. S. topographic map, 10 mm. east of B.M. 1410, at “Mono Flats” on Mono Creek, just north of its junction with the Santa Ynez River. Eocene (mapped as Miocene by Kew (1919) and Nelson (1925) ). Fossils: brachio- pods, Spiroglyphus, Actinocyclina, Discocyclina. Collected by M. F. Keenan, 1931. 985 Lompoc Quad.; west side of Nojoqui Canyon, 1.7 miles due east of Hill 1921, 3 miles south of Buelton. Limestone lenses in sand- stone which unconformably overlies Cretaceous shales (Chico). Limestone is overlain by beds of sandstone carrying Globularia hannibali Dickerson, and orbitoid Foraminifera are found in the limestone. Domengine (Eocene). Collected by L. M. Clark, 1930. Diablo Quad.; in road-cut east of Hill 2018, U. S. G. S. topo- gtaphic map, 2.2 miles S. 30° W. of top of Mt. Diablo. “Meganos” formation. Actinocyclina, Discocyclina, etc. occur in bed of impure limestone characterized by high glauconite content. This limestone bed is traceable to the west to the top of Hill 2018. This locality equals U. C. loc. A-920. Collectors, H. G. Schenck and M. F. Keenan, July, 1931. 1106 Santa Ynez Quad.; west bank of the East Fork of Cachuma Creek, just north of right-angled bend in stream, R. 28 W., T. 6 N. 3 miles west and 5 mile south (to scale of U. S. G. S. topographic map) of intersection of Long. 119° 40’ W. and Lat 30° 40’ N. Sierra Blanca limestone. Fossils: orbitoidal Foraminifera. (equals RNN 3-11 and also U.C. loc. 4124). Collected by M. F. Keenan. 986 Mt. co 80 SAN DtEco Society OF NATURAL History PLATE 2 Fig. 1. View of Sierra Blanca Mountain, Santa Barbara County, California. The peak is 4700 feet above sea level. The Sierra Blanca limestone rests upon Cretaceous shale on the south side of the mountain. Fig. 2. View of the rocks exposed on the west side of Indian Creek canyon, Santa Barbara County, California. The Sierra Blanca limestone may be seen on the extreme right, underlain by gray Cretaceous shale, below which are massive sandstone beds. PLATE 2 KEENAN—SIERRA BLANCA LIMESTONE Via sicle rectors Creck COPY OL? /000 7° NaS g Sere stole of ws — LM Nese’? as x os : Sp i messwe sandstone Ebca’s 45 q g 2 y ~t = Se A ee j fit J ee. ‘ = 2 3 a ! °F = aes , ” ‘ ’ - <4 he a : J , ' fei a ) ~ rj ’ ‘ ‘ ape j hive \ - - i ‘eo A t: i ‘ * wT i j i a ig | ® 4 ‘ : 4. s 49g 1 a a a ‘ ® f J A e iF = ‘ wa - t a ; \ * ~ ou. - 82 SAN Disco Society oF NaturAL History PLATE-3 Fig. 1. Actinocyclina in vertical section; thin section of limestone from the south side of Mount Diablo, Contra Costa County, California, L.S.J.U. locality 986. Pleisiotype, No. 5058; Slide No. 1152, type collection, Micropaleontology Laboratory, Stanford University. (x 14). Fig. 2. Discocyelina in equatorial section; from limestone on the south side of Mount Diablo, Contra Costa County, California, L.S.J.U. locality 986. Plesiotype, No. 5056; Slide No. 1150, type collection, Micto- paleontology Laboratory, Stanford University. (x 22). Fig. 3. Thin section of limestone from L.S.J.U. locality 1106 (=RNN 3-11), east fork of Cachuma Creek, Santa Barbara County, California. Actinocyclina and Discocyclina are common at this locality. Plesio- type, No. 5055; Slide No. 1149, type collection, Micropaleontology Laboratory, Stanford University. (x 10). Fig. 4. Thin section of limestone from L.S.J.U. locality 356, which is in Jalama Creek, 4% miles N. 44° E. of the Point Conception light house, Santa Barbara County, California. The abundance of Discocyclina psila Woodring and smaller foraminifers in the rock may be judged from this figure. Slide lost; (see Slide No. 1154, type collection, Micropaleontology Laboratory, Stanford University, from the same locality). (x 12 approx.). Fig.5. Thin section of limestone from near Mono Flats, Santa Barbara County, California, L.S.J.U. locality 938. Besides the Discocyclina californica Schenck figured here, specimens of Actinocyclina were found in the same rock. Plesiotype, No. 5050; Slide No. 1144, type collection, Micropaleontology Laboratory, Stanford University. (x 9). Fig. 6. ‘Thin section of the Sierra Blanca limestone at its type locality, L.S.J.U. locality 930, Santa Barbara County, California. The view shows the abundance of Discocyclina psila Woodring. Plesiotype, No. 5051; Slide No. 1145, type collection, Micropaleontology Laboratory, Stanford University. (x 6). KEENAN—SIERRA BLANCA LIMESTONE PLATE 3 - - - - 7 » * ie 84 Fig. ile Fig. 2. Fig. 3: Fig. 4. Fig. 5. San Disco Society oF NATURAL History PLATE 4 Discocyclina clarki (Cushman) in vertical section. A topotype from Domengine Creek, Fresno County, California, L.S.J.U. locality 934. Plesiotype, No. 5052; Slide No. 1146, type collection, Micropaleon- tology Laboratory, Stanford University. (x 27). Discocyclina clarki (Cushman) in equatorial section. A topotype from Domengine Creek, Fresno County, California, L.S.J.U. locality 934. Plesiotype, No. 5054; Slide No. 1148, type collection, Micropaleon- tology Laboratory, Stanford University. (x 16). Limestone from Cachuma Creek, Santa Barbara County, California, L.S.J.U. locality 1106. The section shows a species of Archaeolitho- thamnium and vertical sections of Actinocyclina and Discocyclina. Plesiotype, No. 5059; Slide No. 1153, type collection, Micropale- ontology Laboratory, Stanford University. (x 12). Limestone from L.S.J.U. locality 930, in the type area of the Sierra Blanca limestone. The view shows a thallus of Lithothamnium, traversed by numerous calcite veins. Plesiotype, No. 5053; Slide No. 1147, type collection, Micropaleontology Laboratory, Stanford University. (x 25). Limestone from L.S.J.U. locality 1106, Cachuma Creek, Santa Barbara County, California, showing Archaeolithothamnium. Plesiotype, No. 5057; Slide No. 1151, type collection, Micropaleontology Laboratory, Stanford University. (x 26). KEENAN—SIERRA BLANCA LIMESTONE PLATE 4 TRANSACTIONS— (Continued) Ol uNme Nee e, PANUaRY LOL OROM VEE G/U etree 15 cents A New Silky Pocket Mouse and a New Pocket Gopher from Power Galifornia, Iiexicos see Ee by Laurence M. Huey Wok wives (9s Feb: 29) 1 O2 80) MEO Oo a eee ee a clean 15 cents eataieasst Species Of Elinmites ste. ee cst os cescteatan by Hoyt Rodney Gale Vol. V, No. 10, March 31, 1928. Pp. 95-182, plates 9-21............-s1s-sscsseseeeseeeees $1.00 Notes on the Vaqueros and Temblor Formations of the California Miocene with Descriptions of New Species.........------s--0+-:-s-s+0-++ by Lionel William Wiedey Vol. V, No. 11, April 28, 1928. Pp. 183-194, plates 22, 23........---.-c-ssseseeeeeees 25 cents The Trimorphodon (Lyre Snake) of California, with Notes on the Species of the Adjacent Areas.............-c-cess-s-essssssssssseene by Laurence M. Klauber Vol. V, No. 12, April 28, 1928. 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